विकिपीडिया awawiki https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter मीडिया खास बातचीत यूजर यूजर बातचीत विकिपीडिया विकिपीडिया बातचीत फाइल फाइल बातचीत मीडियाविकी मीडियाविकी बातचीत खाँचा खाँचा बातचीत मदद मदद बातचीत श्रेणी श्रेणी बातचीत TimedText TimedText talk मॉड्यूल मॉड्यूल वार्ता Event Event talk 0 525 35514 35221 2026-07-08T19:27:52Z Avimaarak 3578 35514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|State in northern India}} {{distinguish|Uttarkhan}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Uttarakhand | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Nanda Devi - Hidden Summit, Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg | caption1 = [[Nanda Devi]] | image2 = Har Ki Dun.jpg | caption2 = [[Har Ki Doon]] | image3 = Wilderness,Corbett National Park.jpg | caption3 = [[Jim Corbett National Park]] | image4 = Nainital metro.jpg | caption4 = [[Nainital]] | image5 = AjitHota BirthPlaceOfGanges.jpg | caption5 = [[Devprayag]] | image6 = Kedarnath Temple in Rainy season.jpg | caption6 = [[Kedarnath Temple]] | image_alt = }} | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | etymology = Northern Land | nickname = Devabhumi; Land of the Gods | motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] ([[Sanskrit]])<br />"Truth alone triumphs"{{force singular}} | anthem = [[Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi]] ([[Hindi]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026130144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />"Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!" | image_map = IN-UT.svg | coordinates = {{coord|30.33|78.06|region:IN_type:state|name=Uttarakhand|display=inline,title}} | region = North India | before_was = Part of [[Uttar Pradesh]] | formation_date2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|9 November 2000]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 9 November 2000 | capital = Bhararisain | winter_capital = Dehradun | largestcity = Dehradun | districts = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13]] | governor = [[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]] | chief_minister = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Pushkar Singh Dhami: BJP's Pushkar Singh Dhami to be next Uttarakhand chief minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|access-date=4 July 2021|date=4 July 2021|language=en|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002052249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 70 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 3 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 5 seats | judiciary = [[Uttarakhand High Court]] | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_rank = 19th | length_km = 320 | width_km = 385 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|last1=Asian News International|title=Nanda Devi: Operation to retrieve bodies of missing mountaineers hampered by bad weather|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|work=India Today|date=16 June 2019|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002162407/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|url-status=live}}</ref> | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 7,817 | elevation_max_point = [[Nanda Devi]] | elevation_min_m = 187 | elevation_min_point = [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] | population_total = {{Increase}} 11,913,000<ref>{{Cite web| title=Population of Indian states 2025 - StatisticsTimes.com| url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php| access-date=23 May 2025| website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21st | population_density = 213<ref name="Niti Ayog">{{cite web|title=Macro and Fiscal Landscape of the State of Uttarakhand|url=https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/Macro-and-Fiscal-Landscape-of-the-State-of-Uttarakhand.pdf|website=[[Niti Ayog]]|access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> | population_urban = 35.90%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_rural = 64.10%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_demonym = [[List of people from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhandi]] | official_langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name="2011lang" /> | additional_official = [[Sanskrit]]<ref name="sanskrit">{{cite news|last=Trivedi|first=Anupam|title=Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-uttarakhand/story-wxk51l8Re4vNxofrr7FAJK.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=19 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201065836/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndia/Sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-Uttarakhand/Article1-499467.aspx|archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="sanskrit2">{{cite news|title=Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|work=The Hindu|date=21 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145846/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> | official_script = [[Devanagari]] | GDP_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand Budget Analysis 2026-27|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/uttarakhand-budget-analysis-2026-27}}</ref> | GDP_total = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|4.28|lc|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>{{increase}} $210.28 billion (PPP) | GDP_year = 2026–2027 | GDP_rank = 20th | GDP_per_capita = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|359033|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>{{increase}} $17,652 (PPP) | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | HDI = {{Increase}} 0.722 {{color|green|high}} <ref>{{cite web|title=India: Subnational HDI|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/|website=Global Data Labs|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_rank = 20th | literacy = 87.6%<ref>{{Cite web| title=Literacy and education| url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082513/http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-date=19 August 2019| access-date=31 July 2025| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=TNPSC Current Affairs &#124; TNPSC Monthly Current Affairs| url=https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/nso-survey-for-2017-2018}}</ref> | literacy_year = 2017 | literacy_rank = 13th | sex_ratio = 963[[female|♀]] / 1000[[male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|website=planningcommission.gov.in|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=dead|page=4}}</ref> | sexratio_year = 2011 | sexratio_rank = 4th | iso_code = IN-UK <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|title=Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|url-status=live}}</ref> | registration_plate = UK | website = uk.gov.in | foundation_day = Uttarakhand Day | mammal = [[Alpine musk deer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|title=State Symbols of Uttarakhand|publisher=Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112114/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> | bird = [[Himalayan monal]] | fish = [[Tor putitora|Golden mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|author=Sharma, Nihi|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2017|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010134641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | butterfly = [[Papilio bianor|West Himalayan common peacock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|title= Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor|access-date=7 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094143/http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|archive-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|title=Uttarakhand To Declare Common Peacock As State Butterfly|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102220838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|date=18 November 2016}}</ref> | flower = [[Saussurea obvallata|Brahma Kamal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|title=Uttarakhand State Signs &#124; Uttarakhand State Tree|publisher=uttaraguide.com|year=2012|quote=State Flower : Brahma Kamal|access-date=8 October 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107042757/http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> | tree = [[Rhododendron arboreum|Burans]] | image_highway = SH IN-UT.png | year_start = 9 November 2000 }} '''उत्तराखण्ड''' [[भारत]] कय २८ राज्य में से एक होय। एकर राजधानी [[देहरादून]] होय। एकर निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० कय कय कई साल के आंदोलन के बाद भारत गणराज्य कय सत्ताइसवाँ राज्य के रूप मा करल गईल रहे । सन २००० से २००६ तक इ उत्तरांचल कय नाम से जाना जात रहा। जनवरी २००७ मा स्थानीय लोगन की भावनाओं का ध्यान में रखत हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिहल गईल। राज्य क सीमा उत्तर मँ तिब्बत अउर पूरुब मँ [[नेपाल]] स जुड़ी अहइ। [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] पच्छु ओर अउर [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] दक्खिन ओर एकर सीमा से लगे राज्य अहँय। सन २००० मा अपने गठन से पहिले ई उत्तर प्रदेश का हिस्सा रहा। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों अउर प्राचीन साहित्य मा इ क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप मा कीन गवा है। [[हिन्दी]] अउर [[संस्कृत]] में उत्तराखण्ड कय मतलब उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होत है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म का पवित्रतम अउर भारत का सबसे बड़ा नदी गंगा अउर यमुना का उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री अउर यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तट पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति का कई महत्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थल हैं। == व्युत्पत्ति == उत्तराखंड क नाँव [[संस्कृत]] शब्द {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:उत्तर|उत्तर]]}} अउर {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:खण्ड|खण्ड]]}} ते मिलि के व्युत्पन्न होत है। जेहि का सम्मिलित अर्थ है, 'उत्तरी हिस्सा’।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Escape to Uttarakhand: Your Himalayan Getaway |url=https://www.traveldreams.in/uttarakhand/ |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=Traveldreams |language=en-US}}</ref> ई नाम का उल्लेख प्राचीन हिन्दू ग्रंथन मा "केदारखंड" (वर्तमान गढ़वाल) अउर "मानसखंड" (वर्तमान कुमाऊँ) के संयुक्त क्षेत्र के रूप मा पावा जात है। उत्तराखंड, भारतीय [[हिमालय]] के मध्यम खंडौ के खातिर प्राचीन [[पुराण|पौराणिक]] नाम रहै। ==भौगोलिक स्थिति== उत्तराखण्ड का कुल भौगोलिक क्षेत्रफल २८° ४३' N है। से ३१°२७ उ. अउर देशांतर ७७°३४' पूर्व से ८१°०२' पूर्व के बीच में ५३,४८३ वर्ग किमी है, जवने में से ४३,०३५ किमी. मी.२ पहाड़ी ह अउर ७,४४८ किमी. मी.२ मैदानी अहै अउर ३४,६५१ कि. मी. मी.२ भूभाग वन आच्छादित अहै । राज्य का अधिकतर उत्तरी भाग वृहदतर हिमालय शृंखला का हिस्सा अहै, जवन ऊँच हिमालयी चोटीयन अउर हिमनदियन से ढका अहै, जबकि निचला तराई घने वन से ढका अहै जिनका पहिले अंग्रेज लकड़ी व्यापारियन अउर आजादी के बाद वन अनुबंधक लोगन द्वारा दोहन कइल गइल. हाल के वनीकरण के प्रयास के कारन स्थिति का उल्टा करे मा सफलता मिली अहै। हिमालय कय विशिष्ट पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बड़ी संख्या मा जानवरन (जैसे भैंस, हिम तेंदुआ, तेंदुआ औ बाघ), पौधों औ दुर्लभ जड़ी - बूटी कय घर अहै। भारत की दुइ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण नदियन, गंगा अउर यमुना, का उद्गम इ राज्य से होत ह अउर गढ़वाली मार्ग से ढलान तक कई तालाब, झीलें, हिमनद पीली बर्फ से लेकर पानी की झीलें तक होत ह. [[Category:भारत कय राज्य]] ==सन्दर्भ== 5vmajesntsjjr8swqu41ccfmmqmmsj5 35520 35514 2026-07-08T20:28:25Z Avimaarak 3578 35520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|State in northern India}} {{distinguish|Uttarkhan}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Uttarakhand | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Nanda Devi - Hidden Summit, Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg | caption1 = [[Nanda Devi]] | image2 = Har Ki Dun.jpg | caption2 = [[Har Ki Doon]] | image3 = Wilderness,Corbett National Park.jpg | caption3 = [[Jim Corbett National Park]] | image4 = Nainital metro.jpg | caption4 = [[Nainital]] | image5 = AjitHota BirthPlaceOfGanges.jpg | caption5 = [[Devprayag]] | image6 = Kedarnath Temple in Rainy season.jpg | caption6 = [[Kedarnath Temple]] | image_alt = }} | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | etymology = Northern Land | nickname = Devabhumi; Land of the Gods | motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] ([[Sanskrit]])<br />"Truth alone triumphs" | anthem = [[Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi]] ([[Hindi]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026130144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />"Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!" | image_map = IN-UT.svg | coordinates = {{coord|30.33|78.06|region:IN_type:state|name=Uttarakhand|display=inline,title}} | region = North India | before_was = Part of [[Uttar Pradesh]] | formation_date2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|9 November 2000]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 9 November 2000 | capital = Bhararisain | winter_capital = Dehradun | largestcity = Dehradun | districts = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13]] | governor = [[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]] | chief_minister = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Pushkar Singh Dhami: BJP's Pushkar Singh Dhami to be next Uttarakhand chief minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|access-date=4 July 2021|date=4 July 2021|language=en|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002052249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 70 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 3 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 5 seats | judiciary = [[Uttarakhand High Court]] | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_rank = 19th | length_km = 320 | width_km = 385 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|last1=Asian News International|title=Nanda Devi: Operation to retrieve bodies of missing mountaineers hampered by bad weather|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|work=India Today|date=16 June 2019|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002162407/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|url-status=live}}</ref> | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 7,817 | elevation_max_point = [[Nanda Devi]] | elevation_min_m = 187 | elevation_min_point = [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] | population_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 11,913,000<ref>{{Cite web| title=Population of Indian states 2025 - StatisticsTimes.com| url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php| access-date=23 May 2025| website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21st | population_density = 213<ref name="Niti Ayog">{{cite web|title=Macro and Fiscal Landscape of the State of Uttarakhand|url=https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/Macro-and-Fiscal-Landscape-of-the-State-of-Uttarakhand.pdf|website=[[Niti Ayog]]|access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> | population_urban = 35.90%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_rural = 64.10%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_demonym = [[List of people from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhandi]] | official_langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name="2011lang" /> | additional_official = [[Sanskrit]]<ref name="sanskrit">{{cite news|last=Trivedi|first=Anupam|title=Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-uttarakhand/story-wxk51l8Re4vNxofrr7FAJK.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=19 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201065836/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndia/Sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-Uttarakhand/Article1-499467.aspx|archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="sanskrit2">{{cite news|title=Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|work=The Hindu|date=21 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145846/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> | official_script = [[Devanagari]] | GDP_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand Budget Analysis 2026-27|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/uttarakhand-budget-analysis-2026-27}}</ref> | GDP_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|4.28|lc|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $210.28 billion (PPP) | GDP_year = 2026–2027 | GDP_rank = 20th | GDP_per_capita = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|359033|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $17,652 (PPP) | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | HDI = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 0.722 <span style="color:green">high</span> <ref>{{cite web|title=India: Subnational HDI|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/|website=Global Data Labs|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_rank = 20th | literacy = 87.6%<ref>{{Cite web| title=Literacy and education| url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082513/http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-date=19 August 2019| access-date=31 July 2025| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=TNPSC Current Affairs &#124; TNPSC Monthly Current Affairs| url=https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/nso-survey-for-2017-2018}}</ref> | literacy_year = 2017 | literacy_rank = 13th | sex_ratio = 963[[female|♀]] / 1000[[male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|website=planningcommission.gov.in|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=dead|page=4}}</ref> | sexratio_year = 2011 | sexratio_rank = 4th | iso_code = IN-UK <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|title=Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|url-status=live}}</ref> | registration_plate = UK | website = uk.gov.in | foundation_day = Uttarakhand Day | mammal = [[Alpine musk deer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|title=State Symbols of Uttarakhand|publisher=Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112114/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> | bird = [[Himalayan monal]] | fish = [[Tor putitora|Golden mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|author=Sharma, Nihi|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2017|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010134641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | butterfly = [[Papilio bianor|West Himalayan common peacock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|title= Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor|access-date=7 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094143/http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|archive-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|title=Uttarakhand To Declare Common Peacock As State Butterfly|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102220838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|date=18 November 2016}}</ref> | flower = [[Saussurea obvallata|Brahma Kamal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|title=Uttarakhand State Signs &#124; Uttarakhand State Tree|publisher=uttaraguide.com|year=2012|quote=State Flower : Brahma Kamal|access-date=8 October 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107042757/http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> | tree = [[Rhododendron arboreum|Burans]] | image_highway = SH IN-UT.png | year_start = 9 November 2000 }} '''उत्तराखण्ड''' [[भारत]] कय २८ राज्य में से एक होय। एकर राजधानी [[देहरादून]] होय। एकर निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० कय कय कई साल के आंदोलन के बाद भारत गणराज्य कय सत्ताइसवाँ राज्य के रूप मा करल गईल रहे । सन २००० से २००६ तक इ उत्तरांचल कय नाम से जाना जात रहा। जनवरी २००७ मा स्थानीय लोगन की भावनाओं का ध्यान में रखत हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिहल गईल। राज्य क सीमा उत्तर मँ तिब्बत अउर पूरुब मँ [[नेपाल]] स जुड़ी अहइ। [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] पच्छु ओर अउर [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] दक्खिन ओर एकर सीमा से लगे राज्य अहँय। सन २००० मा अपने गठन से पहिले ई उत्तर प्रदेश का हिस्सा रहा। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों अउर प्राचीन साहित्य मा इ क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप मा कीन गवा है। [[हिन्दी]] अउर [[संस्कृत]] में उत्तराखण्ड कय मतलब उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होत है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म का पवित्रतम अउर भारत का सबसे बड़ा नदी गंगा अउर यमुना का उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री अउर यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तट पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति का कई महत्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थल हैं। == व्युत्पत्ति == उत्तराखंड क नाँव [[संस्कृत]] शब्द {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:उत्तर|उत्तर]]}} अउर {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:खण्ड|खण्ड]]}} ते मिलि के व्युत्पन्न होत है। जेहि का सम्मिलित अर्थ है, 'उत्तरी हिस्सा’।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Escape to Uttarakhand: Your Himalayan Getaway |url=https://www.traveldreams.in/uttarakhand/ |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=Traveldreams |language=en-US}}</ref> ई नाम का उल्लेख प्राचीन हिन्दू ग्रंथन मा "केदारखंड" (वर्तमान गढ़वाल) अउर "मानसखंड" (वर्तमान कुमाऊँ) के संयुक्त क्षेत्र के रूप मा पावा जात है। उत्तराखंड, भारतीय [[हिमालय]] के मध्यम खंडौ के खातिर प्राचीन [[पुराण|पौराणिक]] नाम रहै। ==भौगोलिक स्थिति== उत्तराखण्ड का कुल भौगोलिक क्षेत्रफल २८° ४३' N है। से ३१°२७ उ. अउर देशांतर ७७°३४' पूर्व से ८१°०२' पूर्व के बीच में ५३,४८३ वर्ग किमी है, जवने में से ४३,०३५ किमी. मी.२ पहाड़ी ह अउर ७,४४८ किमी. मी.२ मैदानी अहै अउर ३४,६५१ कि. मी. मी.२ भूभाग वन आच्छादित अहै । राज्य का अधिकतर उत्तरी भाग वृहदतर हिमालय शृंखला का हिस्सा अहै, जवन ऊँच हिमालयी चोटीयन अउर हिमनदियन से ढका अहै, जबकि निचला तराई घने वन से ढका अहै जिनका पहिले अंग्रेज लकड़ी व्यापारियन अउर आजादी के बाद वन अनुबंधक लोगन द्वारा दोहन कइल गइल. हाल के वनीकरण के प्रयास के कारन स्थिति का उल्टा करे मा सफलता मिली अहै। हिमालय कय विशिष्ट पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बड़ी संख्या मा जानवरन (जैसे भैंस, हिम तेंदुआ, तेंदुआ औ बाघ), पौधों औ दुर्लभ जड़ी - बूटी कय घर अहै। भारत की दुइ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण नदियन, गंगा अउर यमुना, का उद्गम इ राज्य से होत ह अउर गढ़वाली मार्ग से ढलान तक कई तालाब, झीलें, हिमनद पीली बर्फ से लेकर पानी की झीलें तक होत ह. [[Category:भारत कय राज्य]] ==सन्दर्भ== ryc5rjdw5atd9zy3o8ceo1wylyhpxfu 35548 35520 2026-07-09T08:52:15Z Avimaarak 3578 35548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|State in northern India}} {{distinguish|Uttarkhan}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Uttarakhand | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 320 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Nanda Devi - Hidden Summit, Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg | caption1 = [[Nanda Devi]] | image2 = Har Ki Dun.jpg | caption2 = [[Har Ki Doon]] | image3 = Wilderness,Corbett National Park.jpg | caption3 = [[Jim Corbett National Park]] | image4 = Nainital metro.jpg | caption4 = [[Nainital]] | image5 = AjitHota BirthPlaceOfGanges.jpg | caption5 = [[Devprayag]] | image6 = Kedarnath Temple in Rainy season.jpg | caption6 = [[Kedarnath Temple]] | image_alt = }} | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | etymology = Northern Land | nickname = Devabhumi; Land of the Gods | motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] ([[Sanskrit]])<br />"Truth alone triumphs" | anthem = [[Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi]] ([[Hindi]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026130144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />"Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!" | image_map = IN-UT.svg | coordinates = {{coord|30.33|78.06|region:IN_type:state|name=Uttarakhand|display=inline,title}} | region = North India | before_was = Part of [[Uttar Pradesh]] | formation_date2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|9 November 2000]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 9 November 2000 | capital = Bhararisain | winter_capital = Dehradun | largestcity = Dehradun | districts = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13]] | governor = [[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]] | chief_minister = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Pushkar Singh Dhami: BJP's Pushkar Singh Dhami to be next Uttarakhand chief minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|access-date=4 July 2021|date=4 July 2021|language=en|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002052249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 70 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 3 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 5 seats | judiciary = [[Uttarakhand High Court]] | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_rank = 19th | length_km = 320 | width_km = 385 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|last1=Asian News International|title=Nanda Devi: Operation to retrieve bodies of missing mountaineers hampered by bad weather|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|work=India Today|date=16 June 2019|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002162407/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|url-status=live}}</ref> | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 7,817 | elevation_max_point = [[Nanda Devi]] | elevation_min_m = 187 | elevation_min_point = [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] | population_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 11,913,000<ref>{{Cite web| title=Population of Indian states 2025 - StatisticsTimes.com| url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php| access-date=23 May 2025| website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21st | population_density = 213<ref name="Niti Ayog">{{cite web|title=Macro and Fiscal Landscape of the State of Uttarakhand|url=https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/Macro-and-Fiscal-Landscape-of-the-State-of-Uttarakhand.pdf|website=[[Niti Ayog]]|access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> | population_urban = 35.90%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_rural = 64.10%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_demonym = [[List of people from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhandi]] | official_langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name="2011lang" /> | additional_official = [[Sanskrit]]<ref name="sanskrit">{{cite news|last=Trivedi|first=Anupam|title=Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-uttarakhand/story-wxk51l8Re4vNxofrr7FAJK.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=19 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201065836/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndia/Sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-Uttarakhand/Article1-499467.aspx|archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="sanskrit2">{{cite news|title=Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|work=The Hindu|date=21 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145846/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> | official_script = [[Devanagari]] | GDP_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand Budget Analysis 2026-27|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/uttarakhand-budget-analysis-2026-27}}</ref> | GDP_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|4.28|lc|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $210.28 billion (PPP) | GDP_year = 2026–2027 | GDP_rank = 20th | GDP_per_capita = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|359033|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $17,652 (PPP) | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | HDI = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 0.722 <span style="color:green">high</span> <ref>{{cite web|title=India: Subnational HDI|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/|website=Global Data Labs|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_rank = 20th | literacy = 87.6%<ref>{{Cite web| title=Literacy and education| url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082513/http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-date=19 August 2019| access-date=31 July 2025| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=TNPSC Current Affairs &#124; TNPSC Monthly Current Affairs| url=https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/nso-survey-for-2017-2018}}</ref> | literacy_year = 2017 | literacy_rank = 13th | sex_ratio = 963[[female|♀]] / 1000[[male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|website=planningcommission.gov.in|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=dead|page=4}}</ref> | sexratio_year = 2011 | sexratio_rank = 4th | iso_code = IN-UK <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|title=Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|url-status=live}}</ref> | registration_plate = UK | website = uk.gov.in | foundation_day = Uttarakhand Day | mammal = [[Alpine musk deer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|title=State Symbols of Uttarakhand|publisher=Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112114/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> | bird = [[Himalayan monal]] | fish = [[Tor putitora|Golden mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|author=Sharma, Nihi|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2017|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010134641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | butterfly = [[Papilio bianor|West Himalayan common peacock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|title= Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor|access-date=7 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094143/http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|archive-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|title=Uttarakhand To Declare Common Peacock As State Butterfly|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102220838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|date=18 November 2016}}</ref> | flower = [[Saussurea obvallata|Brahma Kamal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|title=Uttarakhand State Signs &#124; Uttarakhand State Tree|publisher=uttaraguide.com|year=2012|quote=State Flower : Brahma Kamal|access-date=8 October 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107042757/http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> | tree = [[Rhododendron arboreum|Burans]] | image_highway = SH IN-UT.png | year_start = 9 November 2000 }} '''उत्तराखण्ड''' [[भारत]] कय २८ राज्य में से एक होय। एकर राजधानी [[देहरादून]] होय। एकर निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० कय कय कई साल के आंदोलन के बाद भारत गणराज्य कय सत्ताइसवाँ राज्य के रूप मा करल गईल रहे । सन २००० से २००६ तक इ उत्तरांचल कय नाम से जाना जात रहा। जनवरी २००७ मा स्थानीय लोगन की भावनाओं का ध्यान में रखत हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिहल गईल। राज्य क सीमा उत्तर मँ तिब्बत अउर पूरुब मँ [[नेपाल]] स जुड़ी अहइ। [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] पच्छु ओर अउर [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] दक्खिन ओर एकर सीमा से लगे राज्य अहँय। सन २००० मा अपने गठन से पहिले ई उत्तर प्रदेश का हिस्सा रहा। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों अउर प्राचीन साहित्य मा इ क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप मा कीन गवा है। [[हिन्दी]] अउर [[संस्कृत]] में उत्तराखण्ड कय मतलब उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होत है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म का पवित्रतम अउर भारत का सबसे बड़ा नदी गंगा अउर यमुना का उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री अउर यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तट पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति का कई महत्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थल हैं। == व्युत्पत्ति == उत्तराखंड क नाँव [[संस्कृत]] शब्द {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:उत्तर|उत्तर]]}} अउर {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:खण्ड|खण्ड]]}} ते मिलि के व्युत्पन्न होत है। जेहि का सम्मिलित अर्थ है, 'उत्तरी हिस्सा’।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Escape to Uttarakhand: Your Himalayan Getaway |url=https://www.traveldreams.in/uttarakhand/ |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=Traveldreams |language=en-US}}</ref> ई नाम का उल्लेख प्राचीन हिन्दू ग्रंथन मा "केदारखंड" (वर्तमान गढ़वाल) अउर "मानसखंड" (वर्तमान कुमाऊँ) के संयुक्त क्षेत्र के रूप मा पावा जात है। उत्तराखंड, भारतीय [[हिमालय]] के मध्यम खंडौ के खातिर प्राचीन [[पुराण|पौराणिक]] नाम रहै। ==भौगोलिक स्थिति== उत्तराखण्ड का कुल भौगोलिक क्षेत्रफल २८° ४३' N है। से ३१°२७ उ. अउर देशांतर ७७°३४' पूर्व से ८१°०२' पूर्व के बीच में ५३,४८३ वर्ग किमी है, जवने में से ४३,०३५ किमी. मी.२ पहाड़ी ह अउर ७,४४८ किमी. मी.२ मैदानी अहै अउर ३४,६५१ कि. मी. मी.२ भूभाग वन आच्छादित अहै । राज्य का अधिकतर उत्तरी भाग वृहदतर हिमालय शृंखला का हिस्सा अहै, जवन ऊँच हिमालयी चोटीयन अउर हिमनदियन से ढका अहै, जबकि निचला तराई घने वन से ढका अहै जिनका पहिले अंग्रेज लकड़ी व्यापारियन अउर आजादी के बाद वन अनुबंधक लोगन द्वारा दोहन कइल गइल. हाल के वनीकरण के प्रयास के कारन स्थिति का उल्टा करे मा सफलता मिली अहै। हिमालय कय विशिष्ट पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बड़ी संख्या मा जानवरन (जैसे भैंस, हिम तेंदुआ, तेंदुआ औ बाघ), पौधों औ दुर्लभ जड़ी - बूटी कय घर अहै। भारत की दुइ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण नदियन, गंगा अउर यमुना, का उद्गम इ राज्य से होत ह अउर गढ़वाली मार्ग से ढलान तक कई तालाब, झीलें, हिमनद पीली बर्फ से लेकर पानी की झीलें तक होत ह. [[Category:भारत कय राज्य]] ==सन्दर्भ== nz7pp94gklke7cwey5me0nufikyvah8 35552 35548 2026-07-09T09:20:16Z Avimaarak 3578 35552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|State in northern India}} {{distinguish|Uttarkhan}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Uttarakhand | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 320 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Nanda Devi - Hidden Summit, Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg | caption1 = [[Nanda Devi]] | width1 = 320 | image2 = Har Ki Dun.jpg | caption2 = [[Har Ki Doon]] | width2 = 180 | image3 = Wilderness,Corbett National Park.jpg | caption3 = [[Jim Corbett National Park]] | image4 = Nainital metro.jpg | caption4 = [[Nainital]] | width4 = 180 | image5 = AjitHota BirthPlaceOfGanges.jpg | caption5 = [[Devprayag]] | image6 = Kedarnath Temple in Rainy season.jpg | caption6 = [[Kedarnath Temple]] | image_alt = }} | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | etymology = Northern Land | nickname = Devabhumi; Land of the Gods | motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] ([[Sanskrit]])<br />"Truth alone triumphs" | anthem = [[Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi]] ([[Hindi]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026130144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />"Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!" | image_map = IN-UT.svg | coordinates = {{coord|30.33|78.06|region:IN_type:state|name=Uttarakhand|display=inline,title}} | region = North India | before_was = Part of [[Uttar Pradesh]] | formation_date2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|9 November 2000]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 9 November 2000 | capital = Bhararisain | winter_capital = Dehradun | largestcity = Dehradun | districts = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13]] | governor = [[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]] | chief_minister = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Pushkar Singh Dhami: BJP's Pushkar Singh Dhami to be next Uttarakhand chief minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|access-date=4 July 2021|date=4 July 2021|language=en|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002052249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 70 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 3 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 5 seats | judiciary = [[Uttarakhand High Court]] | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_rank = 19th | length_km = 320 | width_km = 385 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|last1=Asian News International|title=Nanda Devi: Operation to retrieve bodies of missing mountaineers hampered by bad weather|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|work=India Today|date=16 June 2019|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002162407/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|url-status=live}}</ref> | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 7,817 | elevation_max_point = [[Nanda Devi]] | elevation_min_m = 187 | elevation_min_point = [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] | population_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 11,913,000<ref>{{Cite web| title=Population of Indian states 2025 - StatisticsTimes.com| url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php| access-date=23 May 2025| website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21st | population_density = 213<ref name="Niti Ayog">{{cite web|title=Macro and Fiscal Landscape of the State of Uttarakhand|url=https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/Macro-and-Fiscal-Landscape-of-the-State-of-Uttarakhand.pdf|website=[[Niti Ayog]]|access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> | population_urban = 35.90%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_rural = 64.10%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_demonym = [[List of people from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhandi]] | official_langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name="2011lang" /> | additional_official = [[Sanskrit]]<ref name="sanskrit">{{cite news|last=Trivedi|first=Anupam|title=Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-uttarakhand/story-wxk51l8Re4vNxofrr7FAJK.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=19 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201065836/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndia/Sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-Uttarakhand/Article1-499467.aspx|archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="sanskrit2">{{cite news|title=Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|work=The Hindu|date=21 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145846/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> | official_script = [[Devanagari]] | GDP_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand Budget Analysis 2026-27|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/uttarakhand-budget-analysis-2026-27}}</ref> | GDP_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|4.28|lc|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $210.28 billion (PPP) | GDP_year = 2026–2027 | GDP_rank = 20th | GDP_per_capita = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|359033|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $17,652 (PPP) | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | HDI = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 0.722 <span style="color:green">high</span> <ref>{{cite web|title=India: Subnational HDI|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/|website=Global Data Labs|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_rank = 20th | literacy = 87.6%<ref>{{Cite web| title=Literacy and education| url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082513/http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-date=19 August 2019| access-date=31 July 2025| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=TNPSC Current Affairs &#124; TNPSC Monthly Current Affairs| url=https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/nso-survey-for-2017-2018}}</ref> | literacy_year = 2017 | literacy_rank = 13th | sex_ratio = 963[[female|♀]] / 1000[[male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|website=planningcommission.gov.in|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=dead|page=4}}</ref> | sexratio_year = 2011 | sexratio_rank = 4th | iso_code = IN-UK <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|title=Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|url-status=live}}</ref> | registration_plate = UK | website = uk.gov.in | foundation_day = Uttarakhand Day | mammal = [[Alpine musk deer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|title=State Symbols of Uttarakhand|publisher=Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112114/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> | bird = [[Himalayan monal]] | fish = [[Tor putitora|Golden mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|author=Sharma, Nihi|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2017|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010134641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | butterfly = [[Papilio bianor|West Himalayan common peacock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|title= Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor|access-date=7 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094143/http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|archive-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|title=Uttarakhand To Declare Common Peacock As State Butterfly|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102220838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|date=18 November 2016}}</ref> | flower = [[Saussurea obvallata|Brahma Kamal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|title=Uttarakhand State Signs &#124; Uttarakhand State Tree|publisher=uttaraguide.com|year=2012|quote=State Flower : Brahma Kamal|access-date=8 October 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107042757/http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> | tree = [[Rhododendron arboreum|Burans]] | image_highway = SH IN-UT.png | year_start = 9 November 2000 }} '''उत्तराखण्ड''' [[भारत]] कय २८ राज्य में से एक होय। एकर राजधानी [[देहरादून]] होय। एकर निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० कय कय कई साल के आंदोलन के बाद भारत गणराज्य कय सत्ताइसवाँ राज्य के रूप मा करल गईल रहे । सन २००० से २००६ तक इ उत्तरांचल कय नाम से जाना जात रहा। जनवरी २००७ मा स्थानीय लोगन की भावनाओं का ध्यान में रखत हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिहल गईल। राज्य क सीमा उत्तर मँ तिब्बत अउर पूरुब मँ [[नेपाल]] स जुड़ी अहइ। [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] पच्छु ओर अउर [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] दक्खिन ओर एकर सीमा से लगे राज्य अहँय। सन २००० मा अपने गठन से पहिले ई उत्तर प्रदेश का हिस्सा रहा। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों अउर प्राचीन साहित्य मा इ क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप मा कीन गवा है। [[हिन्दी]] अउर [[संस्कृत]] में उत्तराखण्ड कय मतलब उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होत है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म का पवित्रतम अउर भारत का सबसे बड़ा नदी गंगा अउर यमुना का उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री अउर यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तट पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति का कई महत्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थल हैं। == व्युत्पत्ति == उत्तराखंड क नाँव [[संस्कृत]] शब्द {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:उत्तर|उत्तर]]}} अउर {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:खण्ड|खण्ड]]}} ते मिलि के व्युत्पन्न होत है। जेहि का सम्मिलित अर्थ है, 'उत्तरी हिस्सा’।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Escape to Uttarakhand: Your Himalayan Getaway |url=https://www.traveldreams.in/uttarakhand/ |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=Traveldreams |language=en-US}}</ref> ई नाम का उल्लेख प्राचीन हिन्दू ग्रंथन मा "केदारखंड" (वर्तमान गढ़वाल) अउर "मानसखंड" (वर्तमान कुमाऊँ) के संयुक्त क्षेत्र के रूप मा पावा जात है। उत्तराखंड, भारतीय [[हिमालय]] के मध्यम खंडौ के खातिर प्राचीन [[पुराण|पौराणिक]] नाम रहै। ==भौगोलिक स्थिति== उत्तराखण्ड का कुल भौगोलिक क्षेत्रफल २८° ४३' N है। से ३१°२७ उ. अउर देशांतर ७७°३४' पूर्व से ८१°०२' पूर्व के बीच में ५३,४८३ वर्ग किमी है, जवने में से ४३,०३५ किमी. मी.२ पहाड़ी ह अउर ७,४४८ किमी. मी.२ मैदानी अहै अउर ३४,६५१ कि. मी. मी.२ भूभाग वन आच्छादित अहै । राज्य का अधिकतर उत्तरी भाग वृहदतर हिमालय शृंखला का हिस्सा अहै, जवन ऊँच हिमालयी चोटीयन अउर हिमनदियन से ढका अहै, जबकि निचला तराई घने वन से ढका अहै जिनका पहिले अंग्रेज लकड़ी व्यापारियन अउर आजादी के बाद वन अनुबंधक लोगन द्वारा दोहन कइल गइल. हाल के वनीकरण के प्रयास के कारन स्थिति का उल्टा करे मा सफलता मिली अहै। हिमालय कय विशिष्ट पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बड़ी संख्या मा जानवरन (जैसे भैंस, हिम तेंदुआ, तेंदुआ औ बाघ), पौधों औ दुर्लभ जड़ी - बूटी कय घर अहै। भारत की दुइ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण नदियन, गंगा अउर यमुना, का उद्गम इ राज्य से होत ह अउर गढ़वाली मार्ग से ढलान तक कई तालाब, झीलें, हिमनद पीली बर्फ से लेकर पानी की झीलें तक होत ह. [[Category:भारत कय राज्य]] ==सन्दर्भ== 70g89ngzo2dha3q2e5426rigdjc0xjw 35553 35552 2026-07-09T09:22:32Z Avimaarak 3578 35553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|State in northern India}} {{distinguish|Uttarkhan}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Uttarakhand | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 320 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Nanda Devi - Hidden Summit, Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg | caption1 = [[Nanda Devi]] | width1 = 320 | image2 = Har Ki Dun.jpg | caption2 = [[Har Ki Doon]] | width2 = 180 | image3 = Wilderness,Corbett National Park.jpg | caption3 = [[Jim Corbett National Park]] | image4 = Nainital metro.jpg | caption4 = [[Nainital]] | width4 = 180 | image5 = AjitHota BirthPlaceOfGanges.jpg | caption5 = [[Devprayag]] | image6 = Kedarnath Temple in Rainy season.jpg | caption6 = [[Kedarnath Temple]] | image_alt = }} | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | image_seal_align = center | etymology = Northern Land | nickname = Devabhumi; Land of the Gods | motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] ([[Sanskrit]])<br />"Truth alone triumphs" | anthem = [[Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi]] ([[Hindi]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026130144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />"Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!" | image_map = IN-UT.svg | coordinates = {{coord|30.33|78.06|region:IN_type:state|name=Uttarakhand|display=inline,title}} | region = North India | before_was = Part of [[Uttar Pradesh]] | formation_date2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|9 November 2000]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 9 November 2000 | capital = Bhararisain | winter_capital = Dehradun | largestcity = Dehradun | districts = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13]] | governor = [[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]] | chief_minister = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Pushkar Singh Dhami: BJP's Pushkar Singh Dhami to be next Uttarakhand chief minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|access-date=4 July 2021|date=4 July 2021|language=en|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002052249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 70 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 3 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 5 seats | judiciary = [[Uttarakhand High Court]] | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_rank = 19th | length_km = 320 | width_km = 385 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|last1=Asian News International|title=Nanda Devi: Operation to retrieve bodies of missing mountaineers hampered by bad weather|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|work=India Today|date=16 June 2019|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002162407/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16|url-status=live}}</ref> | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 7,817 | elevation_max_point = [[Nanda Devi]] | elevation_min_m = 187 | elevation_min_point = [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] | population_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 11,913,000<ref>{{Cite web| title=Population of Indian states 2025 - StatisticsTimes.com| url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php| access-date=23 May 2025| website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21st | population_density = 213<ref name="Niti Ayog">{{cite web|title=Macro and Fiscal Landscape of the State of Uttarakhand|url=https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/Macro-and-Fiscal-Landscape-of-the-State-of-Uttarakhand.pdf|website=[[Niti Ayog]]|access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> | population_urban = 35.90%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_rural = 64.10%<ref name="Niti Ayog"/> | population_demonym = [[List of people from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhandi]] | official_langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name="2011lang" /> | additional_official = [[Sanskrit]]<ref name="sanskrit">{{cite news|last=Trivedi|first=Anupam|title=Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-uttarakhand/story-wxk51l8Re4vNxofrr7FAJK.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=19 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201065836/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndia/Sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-Uttarakhand/Article1-499467.aspx|archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="sanskrit2">{{cite news|title=Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|work=The Hindu|date=21 January 2010|access-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145846/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> | official_script = [[Devanagari]] | GDP_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand Budget Analysis 2026-27|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/uttarakhand-budget-analysis-2026-27}}</ref> | GDP_total = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|4.28|lc|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $210.28 billion (PPP) | GDP_year = 2026–2027 | GDP_rank = 20th | GDP_per_capita = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] {{INRConvert|359033|lk=r}} (nominal)<br/>[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] $17,652 (PPP) | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | HDI = [[File:Increase2.svg|11px|link=]] 0.722 <span style="color:green">high</span> <ref>{{cite web|title=India: Subnational HDI|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/|website=Global Data Labs|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_rank = 20th | literacy = 87.6%<ref>{{Cite web| title=Literacy and education| url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082513/http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM16Chapter3.pdf| archive-date=19 August 2019| access-date=31 July 2025| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=TNPSC Current Affairs &#124; TNPSC Monthly Current Affairs| url=https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/nso-survey-for-2017-2018}}</ref> | literacy_year = 2017 | literacy_rank = 13th | sex_ratio = 963[[female|♀]] / 1000[[male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|website=planningcommission.gov.in|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=dead|page=4}}</ref> | sexratio_year = 2011 | sexratio_rank = 4th | iso_code = IN-UK <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|title=Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|url-status=live}}</ref> | registration_plate = UK | website = uk.gov.in | foundation_day = Uttarakhand Day | mammal = [[Alpine musk deer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|title=State Symbols of Uttarakhand|publisher=Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112114/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> | bird = [[Himalayan monal]] | fish = [[Tor putitora|Golden mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|author=Sharma, Nihi|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2017|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010134641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | butterfly = [[Papilio bianor|West Himalayan common peacock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|title= Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor|access-date=7 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094143/http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg|archive-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|title=Uttarakhand To Declare Common Peacock As State Butterfly|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102220838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|date=18 November 2016}}</ref> | flower = [[Saussurea obvallata|Brahma Kamal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|title=Uttarakhand State Signs &#124; Uttarakhand State Tree|publisher=uttaraguide.com|year=2012|quote=State Flower : Brahma Kamal|access-date=8 October 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107042757/http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php|archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> | tree = [[Rhododendron arboreum|Burans]] | image_highway = SH IN-UT.png | year_start = 9 November 2000 }} '''उत्तराखण्ड''' [[भारत]] कय २८ राज्य में से एक होय। एकर राजधानी [[देहरादून]] होय। एकर निर्माण ९ नवम्बर २००० कय कय कई साल के आंदोलन के बाद भारत गणराज्य कय सत्ताइसवाँ राज्य के रूप मा करल गईल रहे । सन २००० से २००६ तक इ उत्तरांचल कय नाम से जाना जात रहा। जनवरी २००७ मा स्थानीय लोगन की भावनाओं का ध्यान में रखत हुए राज्य का आधिकारिक नाम बदलकर उत्तराखण्ड कर दिहल गईल। राज्य क सीमा उत्तर मँ तिब्बत अउर पूरुब मँ [[नेपाल]] स जुड़ी अहइ। [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] पच्छु ओर अउर [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] दक्खिन ओर एकर सीमा से लगे राज्य अहँय। सन २००० मा अपने गठन से पहिले ई उत्तर प्रदेश का हिस्सा रहा। पारम्परिक हिन्दू ग्रन्थों अउर प्राचीन साहित्य मा इ क्षेत्र का उल्लेख उत्तराखण्ड के रूप मा कीन गवा है। [[हिन्दी]] अउर [[संस्कृत]] में उत्तराखण्ड कय मतलब उत्तरी क्षेत्र या भाग होत है। राज्य में हिन्दू धर्म का पवित्रतम अउर भारत का सबसे बड़ा नदी गंगा अउर यमुना का उद्गम स्थल क्रमशः गंगोत्री अउर यमुनोत्री तथा इनके तट पर बसे वैदिक संस्कृति का कई महत्वपूर्ण तीर्थस्थल हैं। == व्युत्पत्ति == उत्तराखंड क नाँव [[संस्कृत]] शब्द {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:उत्तर|उत्तर]]}} अउर {{Lang|sa|[[wikt:खण्ड|खण्ड]]}} ते मिलि के व्युत्पन्न होत है। जेहि का सम्मिलित अर्थ है, 'उत्तरी हिस्सा’।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Escape to Uttarakhand: Your Himalayan Getaway |url=https://www.traveldreams.in/uttarakhand/ |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=Traveldreams |language=en-US}}</ref> ई नाम का उल्लेख प्राचीन हिन्दू ग्रंथन मा "केदारखंड" (वर्तमान गढ़वाल) अउर "मानसखंड" (वर्तमान कुमाऊँ) के संयुक्त क्षेत्र के रूप मा पावा जात है। उत्तराखंड, भारतीय [[हिमालय]] के मध्यम खंडौ के खातिर प्राचीन [[पुराण|पौराणिक]] नाम रहै। ==भौगोलिक स्थिति== उत्तराखण्ड का कुल भौगोलिक क्षेत्रफल २८° ४३' N है। से ३१°२७ उ. अउर देशांतर ७७°३४' पूर्व से ८१°०२' पूर्व के बीच में ५३,४८३ वर्ग किमी है, जवने में से ४३,०३५ किमी. मी.२ पहाड़ी ह अउर ७,४४८ किमी. मी.२ मैदानी अहै अउर ३४,६५१ कि. मी. मी.२ भूभाग वन आच्छादित अहै । राज्य का अधिकतर उत्तरी भाग वृहदतर हिमालय शृंखला का हिस्सा अहै, जवन ऊँच हिमालयी चोटीयन अउर हिमनदियन से ढका अहै, जबकि निचला तराई घने वन से ढका अहै जिनका पहिले अंग्रेज लकड़ी व्यापारियन अउर आजादी के बाद वन अनुबंधक लोगन द्वारा दोहन कइल गइल. हाल के वनीकरण के प्रयास के कारन स्थिति का उल्टा करे मा सफलता मिली अहै। हिमालय कय विशिष्ट पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बड़ी संख्या मा जानवरन (जैसे भैंस, हिम तेंदुआ, तेंदुआ औ बाघ), पौधों औ दुर्लभ जड़ी - बूटी कय घर अहै। भारत की दुइ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण नदियन, गंगा अउर यमुना, का उद्गम इ राज्य से होत ह अउर गढ़वाली मार्ग से ढलान तक कई तालाब, झीलें, हिमनद पीली बर्फ से लेकर पानी की झीलें तक होत ह. [[Category:भारत कय राज्य]] ==सन्दर्भ== 5hdpxard9u5j7pw08sssbgkhwd06he1 0 2707 35525 34096 2026-07-08T22:07:02Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = {{start date and age|df=yes|1901}} | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> jrqyop0srx0a4qqw4bnqexvcc4k1im3 35526 35525 2026-07-08T22:30:37Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = {{start date and age|df=yes|1901}} | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> 46s6qpa5qukokafsm7gfjmhir9zrayn 35527 35526 2026-07-08T22:31:10Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = {{start date and age|df=yes|1901}} | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> spb74nfwiomufeip5bn34hdm6ngu3ui 35528 35527 2026-07-08T22:40:53Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = {{start date and age|df=yes|1901}} | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} == आँकड़ा == * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते कम उमिर के मनई:''' ** [[मलाला यूसुफजई]]; 17 साल की उमिर मा, [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते बुज़ुर्ग मनई:''' ** [[जॉन बी. गुडएनफ]]; 97 साल कै उमिर मा, [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)। * '''एक से ज़्यादा बिना साझा कीन गे (unshared) नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले इकलौते मनई:''' ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''दुई अलग-अलग क्षेत्रन मा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले मनई:''' ** [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''सबते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता वाला देश:''' {{Main|देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची}} :: [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]; 2022 तक, [[देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची#संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|403 नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]]। * '''अइसे विजेता जिनका एक ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला है:''' (दुसरे पुरस्कार कै तारीख के अनुसार) *# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। *# [[रेड क्रॉस कै अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समिति]]; इनका तीन दाईं पुरस्कार मिला (दुई ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाला इकलौता मनई या संस्था)। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1917, 1944, 1963)। *# [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। *# [[जॉन बर्दीन]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1956, 1972)। *# [[फ्रेडरिक सेंगर]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1958, 1980)। *# [[शरणार्थिन खातिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1954, 1981)। *# [[कार्ल बैरी शार्पलेस]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (2001, 2022)। * '''मरणोपरांत नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता:''' *# [[एरिक एक्सल कार्लफेल्ट]]; इनका [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1931)। *# [[डैग हैमरशॉल्ड]]; इनका [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1961)। *# [[राल्फ एम. स्टाइनमैन]]; इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2011)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले पति-पत्नी (विवाहित जोड़े):''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909193617/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{pb}} {{Main|नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले जोड़न कै सूची}} :# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]], [[पियरे क्यूरी]] ([[हेनरी बेकरेल]] के साथै)। इन्हका [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1903)। :# [[इरेन जूलियट-क्यूरी]], [[फ्रेडरिक जूलियट-क्यूरी|फ्रेडरिक जूलियट]]। इनका [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1935)। :# [[गर्टी कोरी]], [[कार्ल फर्डिनेंड कोरी|कार्ल कोरी]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1947)। :# [[गुन्नार म्यर्दल]] का [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1974), [[अल्वा म्यर्दल]] का [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1982)। :# [[मे-ब्रिट मोजर]], [[एडवर्ड मोजर|एडवर्ड आई. मोजर]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। :# [[एस्थर डुफ्लो]], [[अभिजीत बनर्जी]] ([[माइकल क्रेमर]] के साथै)। इनका [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize-awarded couples |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175133/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''अइसे साल जब कउनो पुरस्कार नहीं दीन गा:''' :* [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|भौतिकी]]: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|रसायन विज्ञान]]: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा]]: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|साहित्य]]: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 :* [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार|शांति]]: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972 ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> 228agqjcx6x6ux0hce7gmdgstfifow1 35529 35528 2026-07-08T22:49:20Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = {{start date and age|df=yes|1901}} | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Alfred Nobel adjusted.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=कुर्सी पय बैठा एक दाढ़ी वाले मनई कै ब्लैक एंड व्हाइट फोटो|एक कहानी कै अनुसार, [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] का फ्रांसीसी अखबार मा अपनी खुद कै मृत्युलेख (obituary) पढ़िकै बहुत झटका लागा रहा, जेहकै शीर्षक रहा "मौत कै सौदागर मरि गवा"।]] [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कै जनम 21 अक्टूबर 1833 का स्वीडन के [[स्टॉकहोम]] मा इंजीनियरन के एक परिवार मा भवा रहा।<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69| Levinovitz]], p. 5.</ref> उहय एक [[रसायन शास्त्री]], [[अभियंता]] (इंजीनियर) अउर [[आविष्कारक]] रहे। 1894 मा, नोबेल [[बोफोर्स]] लोहा अउर स्टील मिल खरीदि लिहिन, जेका उहय एक बड़ा [[हथियार]] [[विनिर्माण|निर्माता]] कंपनी बनाइ दिहिन। नोबेल [[बैलिस्टाइट]] (ballistite) कै भी आविष्कार किहिन। ई आविष्कार कई बिना धुएं वाले सैन्य विस्फोटन, खास कइके ब्रिटिश धुआं-रहित पाउडर [[कॉर्डाइट]] (cordite) कै पूर्ववर्ती रहा। अपन पेटेंट दावन कै नतीजा मा, नोबेल का अंत मा कॉर्डाइट का लइके एक [[पेटेंट उल्लंघन]] कै [[मुकदमा|मुकदमे]] मा फँसय का पड़ा। नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा बहुत धन-दौलत बटोरिन, जेहमा से उनकै ज़्यादातर कमाई उनके 355&nbsp;आविष्कारन से आई, जेहमा से [[डायनामाइट]] सबसे ज़्यादा मसहूर है।<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], p. 11.</ref> एक मशहूर कहानी है कि कइसे 1888 मा, नोबेल एक फ्रांसीसी अखबार मा "मौत कै सौदागर मरि गवा" (The Merchant of Death Is Dead) शीर्षक से खुद कै [[मृत्युलेख]] (obituary) पढ़िकै अचरज मा पड़ि गए रहे। असल मा अल्फ्रेड के भाई [[लुडविग नोबेल|लुडविग]] कै मौत भई रही; ई [[समय से पहिले छपे मृत्युलेखन कै सूची|मृत्युलेख आठ साल पहिले छपि गवा रहा]]। ई लेख नोबेल का विचलित कइ दिहिस अउर उहय एह बात का लइके चिंता मा पड़ि गए कि मरय के बाद मनई उनहीं कइसे याद करब्बै। एहसे प्रेरित होइके उहय आपन [[वसीयतनामा|वसीयत]] बदल दिहिन।<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Golden |first=Frederic |date=16 October 2000 |title=The Worst And The Brightest |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415210534/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> इतिहासकार एह कहानी कै पुष्टि करय मा असमर्थ रहे हैं अउर कुछ मनई एका महज़ एक मनगढ़ंत मिथक मानत हैं।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |title=Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize? |last=Andrews |first=Evan |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210194003/https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Smiths">{{cite web|last=Schultz|first=Colin|title=Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |date=2013-10-09 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 10 दिसंबर 1896 का, अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कै [[इटली]] के [[सैनरेमो|सैन रेमो]] मा [[विला नोबेल|उनके विला]] (villa) मा [[सेरेब्रल हेमरेज]] (मस्तिष्क कै नस फटय) से निधन होइ गवा। उहय 63 साल के रहे।<ref name="Sohlman13">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 13.</ref> नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा कई वसीयत लिखिन। उहय अपन आखिरी वसीयत मरय से एक साल से भी पहिले तइयार किहिन रहा, जेह पय 27 नवंबर 1895 का पेरिस के स्वीडिश-नॉर्वेजियन क्लब मा दस्तखत किहिन।<ref name="Sohlman7">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 7.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=von Euler |first=U. S. |date=6 June 1981 |title=The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science |work=[[Die Naturwissenschaften]] |format=PDF |url=http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714080803/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref> सभन का ई जानिकै भारी अचरज भवा कि नोबेल कै आखिरी वसीयत मा ई निर्देश दीन गा रहा कि उनके धन कै उपयोग [[भौतिकी]], [[रसायन विज्ञान]], [[शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान]] (फिजियोलॉजी) या [[चिकित्सा]], [[साहित्य]] अउर [[शांति]] के क्षेत्र मा "मानव जाति का सबसे बड़ा लाभ" पहुँचावै वाले मनइन का पुरस्कार देय के खातिर कीन जाय।<ref name="thelocall">{{Cite web |title=Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |website=Nobel Foundation |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |url-status=live }}</ref> नोबेल पाँच नोबेल पुरस्कारन का स्थापित करय खातिर अपनी कुल संपत्ति कै 94%, 31 मिलियन स्वीडिश क्रोनर (2008 मा लगभग 186 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर, 150 मिलियन यूरो) वसीयत मा देय दिहिन।<ref name="Abrams7">[[Nobel Prize#Abrams|Abrams]], p. 7.</ref><ref name="Nobel Foundation PrizeAmount">{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |access-date=7 December 2015 |website=The Nobel Foundation |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> वसीयत का लइके संशय अउर अविश्वास होय के नाते, 26 अप्रैल 1897 तक [[नॉर्वे]] मा [[स्टोर्टिंग]] (नॉर्वेजियन संसद) द्वारा एका मंजूरी नाइ दीन गई।<ref name="Levinovitz13-25">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], pp. 13-25.</ref> वसीयत कै [[निष्पादक]] (executors), [[राग्नार सोहलमैन]] अउर रुडोल्फ लिलजेक्विस्ट, संपत्ति कै देखरेख अउर पुरस्कार देय कै व्यवस्था करय के खातिर [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] कै गठन किहिन।<ref name="Abrams7-8">[[#Abrams|Abrams]], pp. 7-8</ref> नोबेल के निर्देश मा [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] देय के खातिर एक [[नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति]] कै नाँव रहा, जेहकै सदस्यन कै नियुक्ति अप्रैल 1897 मा वसीयत मंजूर होय के तुरंत बाद कइ दीन गई रही। एहके तुरंत बाद, बाकी पुरस्कार देय वाली संस्थाओ कै भी चयन कइ लीन गा। एहमा 7 जून का [[कारोलिंस्का संस्थान]], 9 जून का स्वीडिश अकादमी, अउर 11 जून का [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] शामिल रहीं।<ref name="Crawford1">[[Nobel Prize#Crawford69|Crawford]], p. 1.</ref> नोबेल फाउंडेशन एह बात पय सहमत भवा कि पुरस्कार कइसे दीन जइहैं, एहकै खातिर दिशानिर्देश बनावा गा; अउर 1900 मा, नोबेल फाउंडेशन के नव निर्मित [[संविधान|कानूनन]] का [[स्वीडन कै ऑस्कर द्वितीय|राजा ऑस्कर द्वितीय]] द्वारा लागू कइ दीन गा।<ref name="thelocall" /> == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} == आँकड़ा == * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते कम उमिर के मनई:''' ** [[मलाला यूसुफजई]]; 17 साल की उमिर मा, [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते बुज़ुर्ग मनई:''' ** [[जॉन बी. गुडएनफ]]; 97 साल कै उमिर मा, [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)। * '''एक से ज़्यादा बिना साझा कीन गे (unshared) नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले इकलौते मनई:''' ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''दुई अलग-अलग क्षेत्रन मा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले मनई:''' ** [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''सबते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता वाला देश:''' {{Main|देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची}} :: [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]; 2022 तक, [[देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची#संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|403 नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]]। * '''अइसे विजेता जिनका एक ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला है:''' (दुसरे पुरस्कार कै तारीख के अनुसार) *# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। *# [[रेड क्रॉस कै अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समिति]]; इनका तीन दाईं पुरस्कार मिला (दुई ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाला इकलौता मनई या संस्था)। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1917, 1944, 1963)। *# [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। *# [[जॉन बर्दीन]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1956, 1972)। *# [[फ्रेडरिक सेंगर]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1958, 1980)। *# [[शरणार्थिन खातिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1954, 1981)। *# [[कार्ल बैरी शार्पलेस]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (2001, 2022)। * '''मरणोपरांत नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता:''' *# [[एरिक एक्सल कार्लफेल्ट]]; इनका [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1931)। *# [[डैग हैमरशॉल्ड]]; इनका [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1961)। *# [[राल्फ एम. स्टाइनमैन]]; इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2011)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले पति-पत्नी (विवाहित जोड़े):''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909193617/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{pb}} {{Main|नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले जोड़न कै सूची}} :# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]], [[पियरे क्यूरी]] ([[हेनरी बेकरेल]] के साथै)। इन्हका [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1903)। :# [[इरेन जूलियट-क्यूरी]], [[फ्रेडरिक जूलियट-क्यूरी|फ्रेडरिक जूलियट]]। इनका [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1935)। :# [[गर्टी कोरी]], [[कार्ल फर्डिनेंड कोरी|कार्ल कोरी]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1947)। :# [[गुन्नार म्यर्दल]] का [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1974), [[अल्वा म्यर्दल]] का [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1982)। :# [[मे-ब्रिट मोजर]], [[एडवर्ड मोजर|एडवर्ड आई. मोजर]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। :# [[एस्थर डुफ्लो]], [[अभिजीत बनर्जी]] ([[माइकल क्रेमर]] के साथै)। इनका [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize-awarded couples |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175133/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''अइसे साल जब कउनो पुरस्कार नहीं दीन गा:''' :* [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|भौतिकी]]: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|रसायन विज्ञान]]: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा]]: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|साहित्य]]: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 :* [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार|शांति]]: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972 ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> q9q0zd8v5a3adnx2ky7peqjfvkbd3o2 35540 35529 2026-07-08T23:16:43Z Avimaarak 3578 35540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = 1901 | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Alfred Nobel adjusted.jpg]] [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कै जनम 21 अक्टूबर 1833 का स्वीडन के [[स्टॉकहोम]] मा इंजीनियरन के एक परिवार मा भवा रहा।<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69| Levinovitz]], p. 5.</ref> उहय एक [[रसायन शास्त्री]], [[अभियंता]] (इंजीनियर) अउर [[आविष्कारक]] रहे। 1894 मा, नोबेल [[बोफोर्स]] लोहा अउर स्टील मिल खरीदि लिहिन, जेका उहय एक बड़ा [[हथियार]] [[विनिर्माण|निर्माता]] कंपनी बनाइ दिहिन। नोबेल [[बैलिस्टाइट]] (ballistite) कै भी आविष्कार किहिन। ई आविष्कार कई बिना धुएं वाले सैन्य विस्फोटन, खास कइके ब्रिटिश धुआं-रहित पाउडर [[कॉर्डाइट]] (cordite) कै पूर्ववर्ती रहा। अपन पेटेंट दावन कै नतीजा मा, नोबेल का अंत मा कॉर्डाइट का लइके एक [[पेटेंट उल्लंघन]] कै [[मुकदमा|मुकदमे]] मा फँसय का पड़ा। नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा बहुत धन-दौलत बटोरिन, जेहमा से उनकै ज़्यादातर कमाई उनके 355&nbsp;आविष्कारन से आई, जेहमा से [[डायनामाइट]] सबसे ज़्यादा मसहूर है।<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], p. 11.</ref> एक मशहूर कहानी है कि कइसे 1888 मा, नोबेल एक फ्रांसीसी अखबार मा "मौत कै सौदागर मरि गवा" (The Merchant of Death Is Dead) शीर्षक से खुद कै [[मृत्युलेख]] (obituary) पढ़िकै अचरज मा पड़ि गए रहे। असल मा अल्फ्रेड के भाई [[लुडविग नोबेल|लुडविग]] कै मौत भई रही; ई [[समय से पहिले छपे मृत्युलेखन कै सूची|मृत्युलेख आठ साल पहिले छपि गवा रहा]]। ई लेख नोबेल का विचलित कइ दिहिस अउर उहय एह बात का लइके चिंता मा पड़ि गए कि मरय के बाद मनई उनहीं कइसे याद करब्बै। एहसे प्रेरित होइके उहय आपन [[वसीयतनामा|वसीयत]] बदल दिहिन।<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Golden |first=Frederic |date=16 October 2000 |title=The Worst And The Brightest |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415210534/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> इतिहासकार एह कहानी कै पुष्टि करय मा असमर्थ रहे हैं अउर कुछ मनई एका महज़ एक मनगढ़ंत मिथक मानत हैं।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |title=Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize? |last=Andrews |first=Evan |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210194003/https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Smiths">{{cite web|last=Schultz|first=Colin|title=Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |date=2013-10-09 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 10 दिसंबर 1896 का, अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कै [[इटली]] के [[सैनरेमो|सैन रेमो]] मा [[विला नोबेल|उनके विला]] (villa) मा [[सेरेब्रल हेमरेज]] (मस्तिष्क कै नस फटय) से निधन होइ गवा। उहय 63 साल के रहे।<ref name="Sohlman13">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 13.</ref> नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा कई वसीयत लिखिन। उहय अपन आखिरी वसीयत मरय से एक साल से भी पहिले तइयार किहिन रहा, जेह पय 27 नवंबर 1895 का पेरिस के स्वीडिश-नॉर्वेजियन क्लब मा दस्तखत किहिन।<ref name="Sohlman7">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 7.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=von Euler |first=U. S. |date=6 June 1981 |title=The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science |work=[[Die Naturwissenschaften]] |format=PDF |url=http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714080803/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref> सभन का ई जानिकै भारी अचरज भवा कि नोबेल कै आखिरी वसीयत मा ई निर्देश दीन गा रहा कि उनके धन कै उपयोग [[भौतिकी]], [[रसायन विज्ञान]], [[शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान]] (फिजियोलॉजी) या [[चिकित्सा]], [[साहित्य]] अउर [[शांति]] के क्षेत्र मा "मानव जाति का सबसे बड़ा लाभ" पहुँचावै वाले मनइन का पुरस्कार देय के खातिर कीन जाय।<ref name="thelocall">{{Cite web |title=Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |website=Nobel Foundation |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |url-status=live }}</ref> नोबेल पाँच नोबेल पुरस्कारन का स्थापित करय खातिर अपनी कुल संपत्ति कै 94%, 31 मिलियन स्वीडिश क्रोनर (2008 मा लगभग 186 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर, 150 मिलियन यूरो) वसीयत मा देय दिहिन।<ref name="Abrams7">[[Nobel Prize#Abrams|Abrams]], p. 7.</ref><ref name="Nobel Foundation PrizeAmount">{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |access-date=7 December 2015 |website=The Nobel Foundation |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> वसीयत का लइके संशय अउर अविश्वास होय के नाते, 26 अप्रैल 1897 तक [[नॉर्वे]] मा [[स्टोर्टिंग]] (नॉर्वेजियन संसद) द्वारा एका मंजूरी नाइ दीन गई।<ref name="Levinovitz13-25">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], pp. 13-25.</ref> वसीयत कै [[निष्पादक]] (executors), [[राग्नार सोहलमैन]] अउर रुडोल्फ लिलजेक्विस्ट, संपत्ति कै देखरेख अउर पुरस्कार देय कै व्यवस्था करय के खातिर [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] कै गठन किहिन।<ref name="Abrams7-8">[[#Abrams|Abrams]], pp. 7-8</ref> नोबेल के निर्देश मा [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] देय के खातिर एक [[नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति]] कै नाँव रहा, जेहकै सदस्यन कै नियुक्ति अप्रैल 1897 मा वसीयत मंजूर होय के तुरंत बाद कइ दीन गई रही। एहके तुरंत बाद, बाकी पुरस्कार देय वाली संस्थाओ कै भी चयन कइ लीन गा। एहमा 7 जून का [[कारोलिंस्का संस्थान]], 9 जून का स्वीडिश अकादमी, अउर 11 जून का [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] शामिल रहीं।<ref name="Crawford1">[[Nobel Prize#Crawford69|Crawford]], p. 1.</ref> नोबेल फाउंडेशन एह बात पय सहमत भवा कि पुरस्कार कइसे दीन जइहैं, एहकै खातिर दिशानिर्देश बनावा गा; अउर 1900 मा, नोबेल फाउंडेशन के नव निर्मित [[संविधान|कानूनन]] का [[स्वीडन कै ऑस्कर द्वितीय|राजा ऑस्कर द्वितीय]] द्वारा लागू कइ दीन गा।<ref name="thelocall" /> == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} == आँकड़ा == * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते कम उमिर के मनई:''' ** [[मलाला यूसुफजई]]; 17 साल की उमिर मा, [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते बुज़ुर्ग मनई:''' ** [[जॉन बी. गुडएनफ]]; 97 साल कै उमिर मा, [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)। * '''एक से ज़्यादा बिना साझा कीन गे (unshared) नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले इकलौते मनई:''' ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''दुई अलग-अलग क्षेत्रन मा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले मनई:''' ** [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''सबते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता वाला देश:''' {{Main|देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची}} :: [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]; 2022 तक, [[देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची#संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|403 नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]]। * '''अइसे विजेता जिनका एक ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला है:''' (दुसरे पुरस्कार कै तारीख के अनुसार) *# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। *# [[रेड क्रॉस कै अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समिति]]; इनका तीन दाईं पुरस्कार मिला (दुई ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाला इकलौता मनई या संस्था)। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1917, 1944, 1963)। *# [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। *# [[जॉन बर्दीन]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1956, 1972)। *# [[फ्रेडरिक सेंगर]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1958, 1980)। *# [[शरणार्थिन खातिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1954, 1981)। *# [[कार्ल बैरी शार्पलेस]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (2001, 2022)। * '''मरणोपरांत नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता:''' *# [[एरिक एक्सल कार्लफेल्ट]]; इनका [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1931)। *# [[डैग हैमरशॉल्ड]]; इनका [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1961)। *# [[राल्फ एम. स्टाइनमैन]]; इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2011)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले पति-पत्नी (विवाहित जोड़े):''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909193617/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{pb}} {{Main|नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले जोड़न कै सूची}} :# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]], [[पियरे क्यूरी]] ([[हेनरी बेकरेल]] के साथै)। इन्हका [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1903)। :# [[इरेन जूलियट-क्यूरी]], [[फ्रेडरिक जूलियट-क्यूरी|फ्रेडरिक जूलियट]]। इनका [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1935)। :# [[गर्टी कोरी]], [[कार्ल फर्डिनेंड कोरी|कार्ल कोरी]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1947)। :# [[गुन्नार म्यर्दल]] का [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1974), [[अल्वा म्यर्दल]] का [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1982)। :# [[मे-ब्रिट मोजर]], [[एडवर्ड मोजर|एडवर्ड आई. मोजर]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। :# [[एस्थर डुफ्लो]], [[अभिजीत बनर्जी]] ([[माइकल क्रेमर]] के साथै)। इनका [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize-awarded couples |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175133/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''अइसे साल जब कउनो पुरस्कार नहीं दीन गा:''' :* [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|भौतिकी]]: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|रसायन विज्ञान]]: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा]]: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|साहित्य]]: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 :* [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार|शांति]]: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972 ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> p1hy95pugy29238ac9to44ou1hgyx4o 35541 35540 2026-07-08T23:17:45Z Avimaarak 3578 35541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = Nobel Prize.png | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = 1901 | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Alfred Nobel adjusted.jpg]] [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कै जनम 21 अक्टूबर 1833 का स्वीडन के [[स्टॉकहोम]] मा इंजीनियरन के एक परिवार मा भवा रहा।<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69| Levinovitz]], p. 5.</ref> उहय एक [[रसायन शास्त्री]], [[अभियंता]] (इंजीनियर) अउर [[आविष्कारक]] रहे। 1894 मा, नोबेल [[बोफोर्स]] लोहा अउर स्टील मिल खरीदि लिहिन, जेका उहय एक बड़ा [[हथियार]] [[विनिर्माण|निर्माता]] कंपनी बनाइ दिहिन। नोबेल [[बैलिस्टाइट]] (ballistite) कै भी आविष्कार किहिन। ई आविष्कार कई बिना धुएं वाले सैन्य विस्फोटन, खास कइके ब्रिटिश धुआं-रहित पाउडर [[कॉर्डाइट]] (cordite) कै पूर्ववर्ती रहा। अपन पेटेंट दावन कै नतीजा मा, नोबेल का अंत मा कॉर्डाइट का लइके एक [[पेटेंट उल्लंघन]] कै [[मुकदमा|मुकदमे]] मा फँसय का पड़ा। नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा बहुत धन-दौलत बटोरिन, जेहमा से उनकै ज़्यादातर कमाई उनके 355&nbsp;आविष्कारन से आई, जेहमा से [[डायनामाइट]] सबसे ज़्यादा मसहूर है।<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], p. 11.</ref> एक मशहूर कहानी है कि कइसे 1888 मा, नोबेल एक फ्रांसीसी अखबार मा "मौत कै सौदागर मरि गवा" (The Merchant of Death Is Dead) शीर्षक से खुद कै [[मृत्युलेख]] (obituary) पढ़िकै अचरज मा पड़ि गए रहे। असल मा अल्फ्रेड के भाई [[लुडविग नोबेल|लुडविग]] कै मौत भई रही; ई [[समय से पहिले छपे मृत्युलेखन कै सूची|मृत्युलेख आठ साल पहिले छपि गवा रहा]]। ई लेख नोबेल का विचलित कइ दिहिस अउर उहय एह बात का लइके चिंता मा पड़ि गए कि मरय के बाद मनई उनहीं कइसे याद करब्बै। एहसे प्रेरित होइके उहय आपन [[वसीयतनामा|वसीयत]] बदल दिहिन।<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Golden |first=Frederic |date=16 October 2000 |title=The Worst And The Brightest |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415210534/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> इतिहासकार एह कहानी कै पुष्टि करय मा असमर्थ रहे हैं अउर कुछ मनई एका महज़ एक मनगढ़ंत मिथक मानत हैं।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |title=Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize? |last=Andrews |first=Evan |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210194003/https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Smiths">{{cite web|last=Schultz|first=Colin|title=Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |date=2013-10-09 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 10 दिसंबर 1896 का, अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कै [[इटली]] के [[सैनरेमो|सैन रेमो]] मा [[विला नोबेल|उनके विला]] (villa) मा [[सेरेब्रल हेमरेज]] (मस्तिष्क कै नस फटय) से निधन होइ गवा। उहय 63 साल के रहे।<ref name="Sohlman13">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 13.</ref> नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा कई वसीयत लिखिन। उहय अपन आखिरी वसीयत मरय से एक साल से भी पहिले तइयार किहिन रहा, जेह पय 27 नवंबर 1895 का पेरिस के स्वीडिश-नॉर्वेजियन क्लब मा दस्तखत किहिन।<ref name="Sohlman7">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 7.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=von Euler |first=U. S. |date=6 June 1981 |title=The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science |work=[[Die Naturwissenschaften]] |format=PDF |url=http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714080803/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref> सभन का ई जानिकै भारी अचरज भवा कि नोबेल कै आखिरी वसीयत मा ई निर्देश दीन गा रहा कि उनके धन कै उपयोग [[भौतिकी]], [[रसायन विज्ञान]], [[शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान]] (फिजियोलॉजी) या [[चिकित्सा]], [[साहित्य]] अउर [[शांति]] के क्षेत्र मा "मानव जाति का सबसे बड़ा लाभ" पहुँचावै वाले मनइन का पुरस्कार देय के खातिर कीन जाय।<ref name="thelocall">{{Cite web |title=Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |website=Nobel Foundation |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |url-status=live }}</ref> नोबेल पाँच नोबेल पुरस्कारन का स्थापित करय खातिर अपनी कुल संपत्ति कै 94%, 31 मिलियन स्वीडिश क्रोनर (2008 मा लगभग 186 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर, 150 मिलियन यूरो) वसीयत मा देय दिहिन।<ref name="Abrams7">[[Nobel Prize#Abrams|Abrams]], p. 7.</ref><ref name="Nobel Foundation PrizeAmount">{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |access-date=7 December 2015 |website=The Nobel Foundation |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> वसीयत का लइके संशय अउर अविश्वास होय के नाते, 26 अप्रैल 1897 तक [[नॉर्वे]] मा [[स्टोर्टिंग]] (नॉर्वेजियन संसद) द्वारा एका मंजूरी नाइ दीन गई।<ref name="Levinovitz13-25">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], pp. 13-25.</ref> वसीयत कै [[निष्पादक]] (executors), [[राग्नार सोहलमैन]] अउर रुडोल्फ लिलजेक्विस्ट, संपत्ति कै देखरेख अउर पुरस्कार देय कै व्यवस्था करय के खातिर [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] कै गठन किहिन।<ref name="Abrams7-8">[[#Abrams|Abrams]], pp. 7-8</ref> नोबेल के निर्देश मा [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] देय के खातिर एक [[नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति]] कै नाँव रहा, जेहकै सदस्यन कै नियुक्ति अप्रैल 1897 मा वसीयत मंजूर होय के तुरंत बाद कइ दीन गई रही। एहके तुरंत बाद, बाकी पुरस्कार देय वाली संस्थाओ कै भी चयन कइ लीन गा। एहमा 7 जून का [[कारोलिंस्का संस्थान]], 9 जून का स्वीडिश अकादमी, अउर 11 जून का [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] शामिल रहीं।<ref name="Crawford1">[[Nobel Prize#Crawford69|Crawford]], p. 1.</ref> नोबेल फाउंडेशन एह बात पय सहमत भवा कि पुरस्कार कइसे दीन जइहैं, एहकै खातिर दिशानिर्देश बनावा गा; अउर 1900 मा, नोबेल फाउंडेशन के नव निर्मित [[संविधान|कानूनन]] का [[स्वीडन कै ऑस्कर द्वितीय|राजा ऑस्कर द्वितीय]] द्वारा लागू कइ दीन गा।<ref name="thelocall" /> == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} == आँकड़ा == * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते कम उमिर के मनई:''' ** [[मलाला यूसुफजई]]; 17 साल की उमिर मा, [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते बुज़ुर्ग मनई:''' ** [[जॉन बी. गुडएनफ]]; 97 साल कै उमिर मा, [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)। * '''एक से ज़्यादा बिना साझा कीन गे (unshared) नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले इकलौते मनई:''' ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''दुई अलग-अलग क्षेत्रन मा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले मनई:''' ** [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''सबते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता वाला देश:''' {{Main|देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची}} :: [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]; 2022 तक, [[देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची#संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|403 नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]]। * '''अइसे विजेता जिनका एक ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला है:''' (दुसरे पुरस्कार कै तारीख के अनुसार) *# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। *# [[रेड क्रॉस कै अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समिति]]; इनका तीन दाईं पुरस्कार मिला (दुई ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाला इकलौता मनई या संस्था)। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1917, 1944, 1963)। *# [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। *# [[जॉन बर्दीन]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1956, 1972)। *# [[फ्रेडरिक सेंगर]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1958, 1980)। *# [[शरणार्थिन खातिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1954, 1981)। *# [[कार्ल बैरी शार्पलेस]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (2001, 2022)। * '''मरणोपरांत नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता:''' *# [[एरिक एक्सल कार्लफेल्ट]]; इनका [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1931)। *# [[डैग हैमरशॉल्ड]]; इनका [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1961)। *# [[राल्फ एम. स्टाइनमैन]]; इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2011)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले पति-पत्नी (विवाहित जोड़े):''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909193617/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{pb}} {{Main|नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले जोड़न कै सूची}} :# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]], [[पियरे क्यूरी]] ([[हेनरी बेकरेल]] के साथै)। इन्हका [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1903)। :# [[इरेन जूलियट-क्यूरी]], [[फ्रेडरिक जूलियट-क्यूरी|फ्रेडरिक जूलियट]]। इनका [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1935)। :# [[गर्टी कोरी]], [[कार्ल फर्डिनेंड कोरी|कार्ल कोरी]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1947)। :# [[गुन्नार म्यर्दल]] का [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1974), [[अल्वा म्यर्दल]] का [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1982)। :# [[मे-ब्रिट मोजर]], [[एडवर्ड मोजर|एडवर्ड आई. मोजर]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। :# [[एस्थर डुफ्लो]], [[अभिजीत बनर्जी]] ([[माइकल क्रेमर]] के साथै)। इनका [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize-awarded couples |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175133/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''अइसे साल जब कउनो पुरस्कार नहीं दीन गा:''' :* [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|भौतिकी]]: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|रसायन विज्ञान]]: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा]]: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|साहित्य]]: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 :* [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार|शांति]]: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972 ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> 3irj8ru6mnnswsuyltp5wdnf6arhaky 35542 35541 2026-07-08T23:19:58Z Avimaarak 3578 35542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = Medal Nobel Peace Prize (cropped).jpg | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = 1901 | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Alfred Nobel adjusted.jpg]] [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कै जनम 21 अक्टूबर 1833 का स्वीडन के [[स्टॉकहोम]] मा इंजीनियरन के एक परिवार मा भवा रहा।<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69| Levinovitz]], p. 5.</ref> उहय एक [[रसायन शास्त्री]], [[अभियंता]] (इंजीनियर) अउर [[आविष्कारक]] रहे। 1894 मा, नोबेल [[बोफोर्स]] लोहा अउर स्टील मिल खरीदि लिहिन, जेका उहय एक बड़ा [[हथियार]] [[विनिर्माण|निर्माता]] कंपनी बनाइ दिहिन। नोबेल [[बैलिस्टाइट]] (ballistite) कै भी आविष्कार किहिन। ई आविष्कार कई बिना धुएं वाले सैन्य विस्फोटन, खास कइके ब्रिटिश धुआं-रहित पाउडर [[कॉर्डाइट]] (cordite) कै पूर्ववर्ती रहा। अपन पेटेंट दावन कै नतीजा मा, नोबेल का अंत मा कॉर्डाइट का लइके एक [[पेटेंट उल्लंघन]] कै [[मुकदमा|मुकदमे]] मा फँसय का पड़ा। नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा बहुत धन-दौलत बटोरिन, जेहमा से उनकै ज़्यादातर कमाई उनके 355&nbsp;आविष्कारन से आई, जेहमा से [[डायनामाइट]] सबसे ज़्यादा मसहूर है।<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], p. 11.</ref> एक मशहूर कहानी है कि कइसे 1888 मा, नोबेल एक फ्रांसीसी अखबार मा "मौत कै सौदागर मरि गवा" (The Merchant of Death Is Dead) शीर्षक से खुद कै [[मृत्युलेख]] (obituary) पढ़िकै अचरज मा पड़ि गए रहे। असल मा अल्फ्रेड के भाई [[लुडविग नोबेल|लुडविग]] कै मौत भई रही; ई [[समय से पहिले छपे मृत्युलेखन कै सूची|मृत्युलेख आठ साल पहिले छपि गवा रहा]]। ई लेख नोबेल का विचलित कइ दिहिस अउर उहय एह बात का लइके चिंता मा पड़ि गए कि मरय के बाद मनई उनहीं कइसे याद करब्बै। एहसे प्रेरित होइके उहय आपन [[वसीयतनामा|वसीयत]] बदल दिहिन।<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Golden |first=Frederic |date=16 October 2000 |title=The Worst And The Brightest |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415210534/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> इतिहासकार एह कहानी कै पुष्टि करय मा असमर्थ रहे हैं अउर कुछ मनई एका महज़ एक मनगढ़ंत मिथक मानत हैं।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |title=Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize? |last=Andrews |first=Evan |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210194003/https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Smiths">{{cite web|last=Schultz|first=Colin|title=Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |date=2013-10-09 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 10 दिसंबर 1896 का, अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कै [[इटली]] के [[सैनरेमो|सैन रेमो]] मा [[विला नोबेल|उनके विला]] (villa) मा [[सेरेब्रल हेमरेज]] (मस्तिष्क कै नस फटय) से निधन होइ गवा। उहय 63 साल के रहे।<ref name="Sohlman13">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 13.</ref> नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा कई वसीयत लिखिन। उहय अपन आखिरी वसीयत मरय से एक साल से भी पहिले तइयार किहिन रहा, जेह पय 27 नवंबर 1895 का पेरिस के स्वीडिश-नॉर्वेजियन क्लब मा दस्तखत किहिन।<ref name="Sohlman7">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 7.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=von Euler |first=U. S. |date=6 June 1981 |title=The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science |work=[[Die Naturwissenschaften]] |format=PDF |url=http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714080803/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref> सभन का ई जानिकै भारी अचरज भवा कि नोबेल कै आखिरी वसीयत मा ई निर्देश दीन गा रहा कि उनके धन कै उपयोग [[भौतिकी]], [[रसायन विज्ञान]], [[शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान]] (फिजियोलॉजी) या [[चिकित्सा]], [[साहित्य]] अउर [[शांति]] के क्षेत्र मा "मानव जाति का सबसे बड़ा लाभ" पहुँचावै वाले मनइन का पुरस्कार देय के खातिर कीन जाय।<ref name="thelocall">{{Cite web |title=Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |website=Nobel Foundation |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |url-status=live }}</ref> नोबेल पाँच नोबेल पुरस्कारन का स्थापित करय खातिर अपनी कुल संपत्ति कै 94%, 31 मिलियन स्वीडिश क्रोनर (2008 मा लगभग 186 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर, 150 मिलियन यूरो) वसीयत मा देय दिहिन।<ref name="Abrams7">[[Nobel Prize#Abrams|Abrams]], p. 7.</ref><ref name="Nobel Foundation PrizeAmount">{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |access-date=7 December 2015 |website=The Nobel Foundation |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> वसीयत का लइके संशय अउर अविश्वास होय के नाते, 26 अप्रैल 1897 तक [[नॉर्वे]] मा [[स्टोर्टिंग]] (नॉर्वेजियन संसद) द्वारा एका मंजूरी नाइ दीन गई।<ref name="Levinovitz13-25">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], pp. 13-25.</ref> वसीयत कै [[निष्पादक]] (executors), [[राग्नार सोहलमैन]] अउर रुडोल्फ लिलजेक्विस्ट, संपत्ति कै देखरेख अउर पुरस्कार देय कै व्यवस्था करय के खातिर [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] कै गठन किहिन।<ref name="Abrams7-8">[[#Abrams|Abrams]], pp. 7-8</ref> नोबेल के निर्देश मा [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] देय के खातिर एक [[नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति]] कै नाँव रहा, जेहकै सदस्यन कै नियुक्ति अप्रैल 1897 मा वसीयत मंजूर होय के तुरंत बाद कइ दीन गई रही। एहके तुरंत बाद, बाकी पुरस्कार देय वाली संस्थाओ कै भी चयन कइ लीन गा। एहमा 7 जून का [[कारोलिंस्का संस्थान]], 9 जून का स्वीडिश अकादमी, अउर 11 जून का [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] शामिल रहीं।<ref name="Crawford1">[[Nobel Prize#Crawford69|Crawford]], p. 1.</ref> नोबेल फाउंडेशन एह बात पय सहमत भवा कि पुरस्कार कइसे दीन जइहैं, एहकै खातिर दिशानिर्देश बनावा गा; अउर 1900 मा, नोबेल फाउंडेशन के नव निर्मित [[संविधान|कानूनन]] का [[स्वीडन कै ऑस्कर द्वितीय|राजा ऑस्कर द्वितीय]] द्वारा लागू कइ दीन गा।<ref name="thelocall" /> == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} == आँकड़ा == * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते कम उमिर के मनई:''' ** [[मलाला यूसुफजई]]; 17 साल की उमिर मा, [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते बुज़ुर्ग मनई:''' ** [[जॉन बी. गुडएनफ]]; 97 साल कै उमिर मा, [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)। * '''एक से ज़्यादा बिना साझा कीन गे (unshared) नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले इकलौते मनई:''' ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''दुई अलग-अलग क्षेत्रन मा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले मनई:''' ** [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''सबते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता वाला देश:''' {{Main|देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची}} :: [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]; 2022 तक, [[देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची#संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|403 नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]]। * '''अइसे विजेता जिनका एक ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला है:''' (दुसरे पुरस्कार कै तारीख के अनुसार) *# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। *# [[रेड क्रॉस कै अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समिति]]; इनका तीन दाईं पुरस्कार मिला (दुई ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाला इकलौता मनई या संस्था)। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1917, 1944, 1963)। *# [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। *# [[जॉन बर्दीन]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1956, 1972)। *# [[फ्रेडरिक सेंगर]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1958, 1980)। *# [[शरणार्थिन खातिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1954, 1981)। *# [[कार्ल बैरी शार्पलेस]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (2001, 2022)। * '''मरणोपरांत नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता:''' *# [[एरिक एक्सल कार्लफेल्ट]]; इनका [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1931)। *# [[डैग हैमरशॉल्ड]]; इनका [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1961)। *# [[राल्फ एम. स्टाइनमैन]]; इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2011)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले पति-पत्नी (विवाहित जोड़े):''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909193617/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{pb}} {{Main|नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले जोड़न कै सूची}} :# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]], [[पियरे क्यूरी]] ([[हेनरी बेकरेल]] के साथै)। इन्हका [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1903)। :# [[इरेन जूलियट-क्यूरी]], [[फ्रेडरिक जूलियट-क्यूरी|फ्रेडरिक जूलियट]]। इनका [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1935)। :# [[गर्टी कोरी]], [[कार्ल फर्डिनेंड कोरी|कार्ल कोरी]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1947)। :# [[गुन्नार म्यर्दल]] का [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1974), [[अल्वा म्यर्दल]] का [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1982)। :# [[मे-ब्रिट मोजर]], [[एडवर्ड मोजर|एडवर्ड आई. मोजर]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। :# [[एस्थर डुफ्लो]], [[अभिजीत बनर्जी]] ([[माइकल क्रेमर]] के साथै)। इनका [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize-awarded couples |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175133/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''अइसे साल जब कउनो पुरस्कार नहीं दीन गा:''' :* [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|भौतिकी]]: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|रसायन विज्ञान]]: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा]]: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|साहित्य]]: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 :* [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार|शांति]]: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972 ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> 4e3it2qw9tz825auk7355wzsn6vo8hq 35543 35542 2026-07-08T23:21:56Z Avimaarak 3578 35543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nobel Prize | image = Medal Nobel Peace Prize (cropped).jpg | alt = | awarded_for = Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Economics]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]]. | presenter = {{Plainlist| * [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/| title = THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL}}</ref>) * [[Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute]] (Physiology or Medicine) * [[Swedish Academy]] (Literature) * [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] (Peace) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * [[Sweden]] (all prizes except the Peace Prize) * [[Norway]] (Peace Prize only) }} | year = 1901 | reward = A gold-plated [[green gold]] medal, a diploma, and a [[Nobel Prize#Award money|monetary award]] of 10 million [[Swedish Krona|SEK]]<ref name=":0" /> | holder_label = Number of laureates | holder = 609 prizes to 975 laureates ({{As of|2021|lc=y}})<ref name=":0" /> | website = {{URL|https://nobelprize.org/}} | year2= 2022 }} '''नोबेल पुरस्कार''' [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा [[स्वीडन]] कय वैज्ञानिक [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कय याद में साल [[१९०१]] मे शुरू कै गा रहा। ई शांति, साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा विज्ञान औ अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में विश्व कय सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार होय। ई पुरस्कार कय रूप में प्रशस्ति-पत्र कय साथ 14 लाख डालर कय राशि प्रदान कई जात अहै। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कुल ३५५ आविष्कार करे रहे जवनेमें [[१८६७]] में [[डायनामाइट]] कय आविष्कार भी रहा। ई पुरूस्कार साहित्य, भौतिकी, रसायन, चिकित्सा अउर अर्थशास्त्र कय क्षेत्र में स्वीडन देश देत हय जबकि शांति कय क्षेत्र में नार्वे देश देत हयैं। == इतिहास == [[अल्फ्रेड नोबेल]] कै जनम 21 अक्टूबर 1833 का स्वीडन के [[स्टॉकहोम]] मा इंजीनियरन के एक परिवार मा भवा रहा।<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69| Levinovitz]], p. 5.</ref> उहय एक [[रसायन शास्त्री]], [[अभियंता]] (इंजीनियर) अउर [[आविष्कारक]] रहे। 1894 मा, नोबेल [[बोफोर्स]] लोहा अउर स्टील मिल खरीदि लिहिन, जेका उहय एक बड़ा [[हथियार]] [[विनिर्माण|निर्माता]] कंपनी बनाइ दिहिन। नोबेल [[बैलिस्टाइट]] (ballistite) कै भी आविष्कार किहिन। ई आविष्कार कई बिना धुएं वाले सैन्य विस्फोटन, खास कइके ब्रिटिश धुआं-रहित पाउडर [[कॉर्डाइट]] (cordite) कै पूर्ववर्ती रहा। अपन पेटेंट दावन कै नतीजा मा, नोबेल का अंत मा कॉर्डाइट का लइके एक [[पेटेंट उल्लंघन]] कै [[मुकदमा|मुकदमे]] मा फँसय का पड़ा। नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा बहुत धन-दौलत बटोरिन, जेहमा से उनकै ज़्यादातर कमाई उनके 355&nbsp;आविष्कारन से आई, जेहमा से [[डायनामाइट]] सबसे ज़्यादा मसहूर है।<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], p. 11.</ref> एक मशहूर कहानी है कि कइसे 1888 मा, नोबेल एक फ्रांसीसी अखबार मा "मौत कै सौदागर मरि गवा" (The Merchant of Death Is Dead) शीर्षक से खुद कै [[मृत्युलेख]] (obituary) पढ़िकै अचरज मा पड़ि गए रहे। असल मा अल्फ्रेड के भाई [[लुडविग नोबेल|लुडविग]] कै मौत भई रही; ई [[समय से पहिले छपे मृत्युलेखन कै सूची|मृत्युलेख आठ साल पहिले छपि गवा रहा]]। ई लेख नोबेल का विचलित कइ दिहिस अउर उहय एह बात का लइके चिंता मा पड़ि गए कि मरय के बाद मनई उनहीं कइसे याद करब्बै। एहसे प्रेरित होइके उहय आपन [[वसीयतनामा|वसीयत]] बदल दिहिन।<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Golden |first=Frederic |date=16 October 2000 |title=The Worst And The Brightest |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415210534/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,998209,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> इतिहासकार एह कहानी कै पुष्टि करय मा असमर्थ रहे हैं अउर कुछ मनई एका महज़ एक मनगढ़ंत मिथक मानत हैं।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |title=Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize? |last=Andrews |first=Evan |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210194003/https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Smiths">{{cite web|last=Schultz|first=Colin|title=Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |date=2013-10-09 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 10 दिसंबर 1896 का, अल्फ्रेड नोबेल कै [[इटली]] के [[सैनरेमो|सैन रेमो]] मा [[विला नोबेल|उनके विला]] (villa) मा [[सेरेब्रल हेमरेज]] (मस्तिष्क कै नस फटय) से निधन होइ गवा। उहय 63 साल के रहे।<ref name="Sohlman13">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 13.</ref> नोबेल अपन जीवनकाल मा कई वसीयत लिखिन। उहय अपन आखिरी वसीयत मरय से एक साल से भी पहिले तइयार किहिन रहा, जेह पय 27 नवंबर 1895 का पेरिस के स्वीडिश-नॉर्वेजियन क्लब मा दस्तखत किहिन।<ref name="Sohlman7">[[Nobel Prize#Sohlman69|Sohlman]], p. 7.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=von Euler |first=U. S. |date=6 June 1981 |title=The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science |work=[[Die Naturwissenschaften]] |format=PDF |url=http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714080803/http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref> सभन का ई जानिकै भारी अचरज भवा कि नोबेल कै आखिरी वसीयत मा ई निर्देश दीन गा रहा कि उनके धन कै उपयोग [[भौतिकी]], [[रसायन विज्ञान]], [[शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान]] (फिजियोलॉजी) या [[चिकित्सा]], [[साहित्य]] अउर [[शांति]] के क्षेत्र मा "मानव जाति का सबसे बड़ा लाभ" पहुँचावै वाले मनइन का पुरस्कार देय के खातिर कीन जाय।<ref name="thelocall">{{Cite web |title=Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |website=Nobel Foundation |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html |url-status=live }}</ref> नोबेल पाँच नोबेल पुरस्कारन का स्थापित करय खातिर अपनी कुल संपत्ति कै 94%, 31 मिलियन स्वीडिश क्रोनर (2008 मा लगभग 186 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर, 150 मिलियन यूरो) वसीयत मा देय दिहिन।<ref name="Abrams7">[[Nobel Prize#Abrams|Abrams]], p. 7.</ref><ref name="Nobel Foundation PrizeAmount">{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |access-date=7 December 2015 |website=The Nobel Foundation |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> वसीयत का लइके संशय अउर अविश्वास होय के नाते, 26 अप्रैल 1897 तक [[नॉर्वे]] मा [[स्टोर्टिंग]] (नॉर्वेजियन संसद) द्वारा एका मंजूरी नाइ दीन गई।<ref name="Levinovitz13-25">[[Nobel Prize#Levinovitz69|Levinovitz]], pp. 13-25.</ref> वसीयत कै [[निष्पादक]] (executors), [[राग्नार सोहलमैन]] अउर रुडोल्फ लिलजेक्विस्ट, संपत्ति कै देखरेख अउर पुरस्कार देय कै व्यवस्था करय के खातिर [[नोबेल फाउंडेशन]] कै गठन किहिन।<ref name="Abrams7-8">[[#Abrams|Abrams]], pp. 7-8</ref> नोबेल के निर्देश मा [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] देय के खातिर एक [[नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति]] कै नाँव रहा, जेहकै सदस्यन कै नियुक्ति अप्रैल 1897 मा वसीयत मंजूर होय के तुरंत बाद कइ दीन गई रही। एहके तुरंत बाद, बाकी पुरस्कार देय वाली संस्थाओ कै भी चयन कइ लीन गा। एहमा 7 जून का [[कारोलिंस्का संस्थान]], 9 जून का स्वीडिश अकादमी, अउर 11 जून का [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] शामिल रहीं।<ref name="Crawford1">[[Nobel Prize#Crawford69|Crawford]], p. 1.</ref> नोबेल फाउंडेशन एह बात पय सहमत भवा कि पुरस्कार कइसे दीन जइहैं, एहकै खातिर दिशानिर्देश बनावा गा; अउर 1900 मा, नोबेल फाउंडेशन के नव निर्मित [[संविधान|कानूनन]] का [[स्वीडन कै ऑस्कर द्वितीय|राजा ऑस्कर द्वितीय]] द्वारा लागू कइ दीन गा।<ref name="thelocall" /> == सम्मान प्रक्रिया == सब नोबेल पुरस्कारन के खातिर सम्मान प्रक्रिया याकै जइसि होति है, अंतर खाली यो है कि हर एक के खातिर नामांकन करै वाले अलग होइ सकति हैं।<ref name="Feldman16-17">[[नोबेल पुरस्कार#Feldman|Feldman]], पन्ना 16-17.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Announcement Nobelprize Chemistry 2009-3.ogv | width1 = 200 | alt1 = | caption1 = [[रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज]] के स्थायी सचिव [[गुन्नार ओक्विस्ट]] द्वारा 2009 मा [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेतन कै घोषणा। | image2 = Announcement Nobelprize Literature 2009-1.ogv | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = स्वीडिश, अंग्रेज़ी औ जर्मन भासा मा [[पीटर एंगलुंड]] द्वारा 2009 कै [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] कै घोषणा। }} == आँकड़ा == * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते कम उमिर के मनई:''' ** [[मलाला यूसुफजई]]; 17 साल की उमिर मा, [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले सबते बुज़ुर्ग मनई:''' ** [[जॉन बी. गुडएनफ]]; 97 साल कै उमिर मा, [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)। * '''एक से ज़्यादा बिना साझा कीन गे (unshared) नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले इकलौते मनई:''' ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''दुई अलग-अलग क्षेत्रन मा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले मनई:''' ** [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। ** [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। * '''सबते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता वाला देश:''' {{Main|देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची}} :: [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]; 2022 तक, [[देशन कै अनुसार नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेतन कै सूची#संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|403 नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]]। * '''अइसे विजेता जिनका एक ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला है:''' (दुसरे पुरस्कार कै तारीख के अनुसार) *# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1903) अउर [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1911)। *# [[रेड क्रॉस कै अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समिति]]; इनका तीन दाईं पुरस्कार मिला (दुई ते ज़्यादा नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाला इकलौता मनई या संस्था)। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1917, 1944, 1963)। *# [[लाइनस पॉलिंग]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1954) अउर [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1962)। *# [[जॉन बर्दीन]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1956, 1972)। *# [[फ्रेडरिक सेंगर]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (1958, 1980)। *# [[शरणार्थिन खातिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र उच्चायुक्त]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] (1954, 1981)। *# [[कार्ल बैरी शार्पलेस]]; इनका दुई दाईं पुरस्कार मिला। [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] (2001, 2022)। * '''मरणोपरांत नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता:''' *# [[एरिक एक्सल कार्लफेल्ट]]; इनका [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1931)। *# [[डैग हैमरशॉल्ड]]; इनका [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1961)। *# [[राल्फ एम. स्टाइनमैन]]; इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2011)। * '''नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले पति-पत्नी (विवाहित जोड़े):''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909193617/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{pb}} {{Main|नोबेल पुरस्कार पावै वाले जोड़न कै सूची}} :# [[मारी स्कोलोडोव्स्का-क्यूरी]], [[पियरे क्यूरी]] ([[हेनरी बेकरेल]] के साथै)। इन्हका [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1903)। :# [[इरेन जूलियट-क्यूरी]], [[फ्रेडरिक जूलियट-क्यूरी|फ्रेडरिक जूलियट]]। इनका [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1935)। :# [[गर्टी कोरी]], [[कार्ल फर्डिनेंड कोरी|कार्ल कोरी]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1947)। :# [[गुन्नार म्यर्दल]] का [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (1974), [[अल्वा म्यर्दल]] का [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार]] मिला (1982)। :# [[मे-ब्रिट मोजर]], [[एडवर्ड मोजर|एडवर्ड आई. मोजर]]। इन्हका [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2014)। :# [[एस्थर डुफ्लो]], [[अभिजीत बनर्जी]] ([[माइकल क्रेमर]] के साथै)। इनका [[अर्थशास्त्र मा नोबेल मेमोरियल पुरस्कार]] मिला (2019)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize-awarded couples |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples | website=Nobel Prize.org |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175133/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/nobel-prize-awarded-couples |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''अइसे साल जब कउनो पुरस्कार नहीं दीन गा:''' :* [[भौतिकी मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|भौतिकी]]: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[रसायन विज्ञान मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|रसायन विज्ञान]]: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[चिकित्सा मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|फिजियोलॉजी या चिकित्सा]]: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942 :* [[साहित्य मा नोबेल पुरस्कार|साहित्य]]: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 :* [[नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार|शांति]]: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972 ==संदर्भ== <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-the-nobel-peace-prize-is-always-given-by-norway-711099</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=The Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/work-business/study-research/the-swedish-nobel-prize |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=sweden.se |language=en-GB}}</ref> s0h75epzhm9vc90fw4fvc3kpscctzvw 10 7192 35510 24619 2026-07-08T19:05:48Z Avimaarak 3578 35510 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" /> {{#invoke:Multiple image|render}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --></noinclude> s12qthg8jrkzqnpbk0f9iwrb6ab0bn3 35544 35510 2026-07-09T08:44:30Z Avimaarak 3578 35544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Multiple image|render}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --></noinclude> q9oxjh8m7wtojz4v77x8mc2nmpowt0r 0 8312 35590 33170 2026-07-09T09:59:20Z Avimaarak 3578 35590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = शिंज़ो आबे | native_name = 安倍 晋三 | native_name_lang = ja | image = Shinzō Abe 20200101.jpg | caption = 2020 में शिंजो आबे | order = | office = [[जापान के प्रधानमंत्री]] | monarch = अकिहितो नारूहीतो | deputy = तारो आसो | term_start = 26 दिसंबर 2012 | term_end = 16 सितंबर 2020 | predecessor = योशिहिको नोदा | successor = [[योशिहिडे सुगा]] | monarch1 = अकिहितो | term_start1 = 26 सितंबर 2006 | term_end1 = 26 सितंबर 2007 | predecessor1 = [[जूनीचीरो कोईजूमी]] | successor1 = यासू फ़ुकुडा | office2 = लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (जापान) के अध्यक्ष | deputy2 = मासाहिको कोमूरा | term_start2 = 26 सितंबर 2012 | term_end2 = 14 सितंबर 2020 | predecessor2 = सदकाज़ु तानगीकी | successor2 = | term_start3 = 20 सितंबर 2006 | term_end3 = 26 सितंबर 2007 | predecessor3 = जुनिचिरो कोइज़ुमी | successor3 = यासू फ़ुकुडा | office4 = विपक्ष के नेता | primeminister4 = योशिहिको नोदा | term_start4 = 26 सितंबर 2012 | term_end4 = 26 दिसंबर 2012 | predecessor4 = सदकाज़ु तानगीकी | successor4 = बानरी काइआदा | office5 = मुख्य कैबिनेट सचिव | primeminister5 = जुनिचिरो कोइज़ुमी | term_start5 = 31 अक्टूबर 2005 | term_end5 = 26 सितंबर 2006 | predecessor5 = हिरोयुकी होसोडा | successor5 = येसूहिशा शिओज़ाकी | office6 = लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (जापान) के महासचिव | leader6 = जुनिचिरो कोइज़ुमी | term_start6 = 2003 | term_end6 = 2004 | predecessor6 = ताकू यामासाकी | successor6 = सुतोमू तकाबे | office7 = [[हाउस ऑफ़ रेप्रेसेंटेटिव]] के सदस्य | term_start7 = 20 अक्तूबर 1996 | term_end7 = | constituency7 = [[यामागुची चौथा जिला]] | office8 = [[हाउस ऑफ़ रेप्रेसेंटेटिव]] के सदस्य | term_start8 = 18 जुलाई 1993 | term_end8 = 20 अक्तूबर 1996 | constituency8 = यामागुची बड़ा-जिला | birth_name = {{Nihongo|安倍晋三|आबे शिंजो}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1954|9|21}} | birth_place = [[टोक्यो]], [[जापान]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|07|08|1954|09|21|df=yes}} | death_place = काशीहारा, नारा, जापान<br>{{small|([[प्राक्षेपिक अभिघात|गोली मारकर]], [[शिंजो आबे की हत्या]])}} | party = [[लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (एलडीपी)|लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी]] | spouse = {{marriage|आकी आबे|1987}} | father = शिंतरो आबे | mother = योको आबे | residence = कांतेइ | alma_mater = सेईकी विश्वविद्यालय दक्षिणी कैलिफोर्निया विश्वविद्यालय | website = {{flatlist| * [http://www.kantei.go.jo/ सरकारी वेबसाइट] * [http://www.s-abe.or.jp/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] * [http://www.Twitter.com/AbeShinzo @ट्विटर] * [http://www.instagram.com/shinzoabe @इंस्टाग्राम]}} | signature = Shinzō Abe signature.svg }} शिंजो आबे जापान के एक बहुत महत्वपूर्ण नेता रहिन। ऊ जापान के सबसे लंबे समय तक प्रधानमंत्री रहने वालों में से एक रहिन। उनकर जनम २१ सितंबर १९५४ के भवा रहा। ऊ एक राजनीतिक परिवार से आइन, उनके पिता अउर दादा भी राजनीति में रहिन। ओ सेइकेई विश्वविद्यालय से पढ़ाई किये रहेन।[१] आबे २००६ में पहिल बार प्रधानमंत्री बनेन, पर स्वास्थ्य समस्या के ओह से जल्दीयइ पद छोड़ई पड़ा। २०१२ में ओ फिर से प्रधानमंत्री बनेन अउर लगभग आठ साल तक रहेन। ओनकरे कार्यकाल में "आबेनॉमिक्स" नाम कय आर्थिक नीति लागू कीह गई अउर विदेश नीति पर ध्यान देवा ग। ओ जापान के दुनिया में मजबूत बनावई क कोशिश करेन अउर अमेरिका, चीन अउर दूसरे एशियाई देशों से संबंध बेहतर करेन।<ref name=":0">https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/07/08/abe-shinzo-the-champion-of-japan</ref> स्वास्थ्य खराब होई के ओह से २०२० में ओह पुनि इस्तीफा दई देहेन । जुलाई २०२२ में ओनकर हत्या कई दीहा ग। ओनकर मौत जापान अउर पूरा दुनिया बदे एक बड़ा सदमा रहा। आजउ जापान क मनई ओन्ह याद कर थिन।<ref>https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/2054/index.html</ref> == सन्दर्भ == {{टिप्पणीसूची}} 6j84nxxt24xcsgfsg5nq8w7htv1adou 0 9768 35591 35233 2026-07-09T10:08:13Z Avimaarak 3578 [[सिकंदरपुर कर्ण]] पे अनुप्रेषित 35591 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[सिकंदरपुर कर्ण]] 4zf08w65j9kojax6aalmhm40mloas76 0 9777 35487 35376 2026-07-08T17:36:10Z Avimaarak 3578 35487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = भाग खेसारी भाग | image = [[File:Khesari Lal Yadav, 2019.jpg|thumb|खेसारी लाल यादव, 2019 मा|alt=File:Khesari Lal Yadav, 2019.jpg]] | alt = | caption = मुख्य कलाकार खेसारीलाल यादव | director = प्रेमांशु सिंह | producer = उमाशंकर प्रसाद | writer = मनोज के कुशवाहा | screenplay = {{ubl|प्रेमांशु सिंह|मनोज के कुशवाहा}} | story = {{ubl|प्रेमांशु सिंह|मनोज के कुशवाहा}} | starring = {{ubl|[[खेसारी लाल यादव]]|स्मृति सिन्हा|अमित शुक्ला|अयाज खान|संजय वर्मा}} | music = ओम झा | cinematography = सरफराज राशिद खान | editing = जीतेंद्र सिंह (जीतू) | studio = जेपी स्टार पिक्चर्स | distributor = यशी फिल्म्स | released = {{Film date|2019|11|01|[[Bihar]]|df=y}} | runtime = | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[Bhojpuri language|भोजपुरी]] | budget = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable source--> }} '''''भाग खेसारी भाग''''' एक 2019 भारतीय [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी भाषा के]] खेल आधारित ड्रामा फिल्म है जेहिका निर्देशन प्रेमांशु सिंह द्वारा कीन गा है। उमाशंकर प्रसाद अउर "जेपी स्टार्स पिक्चर्स" के बैनर तले आयुष राज गुप्ता द्वारा यहिका सहनिर्माण कीन गा है। फिल्म मा खेसारी लाल यादव अउर स्मृति सिन्हा मुख्य भूमिका मा हैं। जबकि अयाज खान, अमित शुक्ला, संजय वर्मा, अमित चौधरी, सत्य प्रकाश, प्रीतम कुमार, राहुल साहू अउर अन्य सहायक भूमिका निभाइन हैं। कहानी लिखिन हैं श्री मनोज कुशवाहा। [[File:Bhag Khesari Bhag Official Poster.jpg|thumb|Bhag Khesari Bhag Official Poster]] == कलाकार वृंद == * खेसारी लाल यादव * स्मृति सिन्हा <ref>{{Cite web |title=When Bhojpuri actress Smriti Sinha met with accident on the sets of Khesari Lal's 'Bhag Khesari Bhag' {{!}} Bhojpuri Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/when-bhojpuri-actress-smriti-sinha-met-with-accident-on-the-sets-of-khesari-lals-bhag-khesari-bhag/videoshow/71705433.cms |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> * अयाज खान * अमित शुक्ला * संजय वर्मा * अमित चौधरी * सत्य प्रकाश * प्रीतम कुमार * राहुल साहू <ref name="Youtube">{{Cite web |last=Enter10 Music Bhojpuri |date=8 October 2019 |title=Bhag Khesari Bhag (Khesari Lal Yadav, Smriti Sinha) Bhojpuri Film 2019 Teaser |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=t4vdep_wKpE |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == निर्माण == ई फिलिम का निर्देशन प्रेमांशु सिंह अउर निर्माण उमाशंकर प्रसाद किहिन हैं, साथै सह-निर्माता आयुष राज गुप्ता अउर लेखक मनोज के कुशवाह हैं। छायांकन सरफराज रशीद खान द्वारा कीन गा है जबकि कोरियोग्राफी रिक्की गुप्ता अउर राम देवन द्वारा कीन गै है। जितेन्द्र सिंह (जीतू) संपादक हैं। भोजपुरी के मशहूर जोड़ी कविता-सुनीता द्वारा ड्रेस डिजाइनिंग कीन गै है। <ref name="Youtube">{{Cite web |last=Enter10 Music Bhojpuri |date=8 October 2019 |title=Bhag Khesari Bhag (Khesari Lal Yadav, Smriti Sinha) Bhojpuri Film 2019 Teaser |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=t4vdep_wKpE |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=[[YouTube]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEnter10_Music_Bhojpuri2019">Enter10 Music Bhojpuri (8 October 2019). [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=t4vdep_wKpE "Bhag Khesari Bhag (Khesari Lal Yadav, Smriti Sinha) Bhojpuri Film 2019 Teaser"]. ''[[YouTube]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[खाँचा:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]</ref> == रिलीज == ई फिलिम 1 नवंबर 2019 का [[बिहार]] अउर [[झारखण्ड|झारखंड]] के सब थिएटरन मा [[छठ पर्व|छठ पूजा]] के अवसर पर रिलीज कीन गै रहै। <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-01 |title=बिहार-झारखंड में रिलीज हुई खेसारीलाल यादव की भोजपुरी फिल्म 'भाग खेसारी भाग' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadavs-bhojpuri-film-bhaag-khesari-bhaag-released-in-bihar-jharkhand/591630 |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=Zee News Hindi}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhath Puja special, Khesari Lal Yadav New Bhojpuri Movie: Bhojpuri superstar Khesari Lal Yadav and Smriti Sinha's film 'Bhaag Khesari Bhaag' to hit the screen on Chhath Puja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/chhath-puja-special-khesari-lal-yadav-new-bhojpuri-movie-bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-and-smriti-sinhas-film-bhaag-khesari-bhaag-to-hit-the-screen-on-chhath-puja/videoshow/71848737.cms |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> == संगीत == {{Infobox album | name = भाग खेसारी भाग | type = soundtrack | artist = ओम झा | cover = | alt = | released = {{start date|2019||}} | recorded = | venue = मुंबई | studio = यशी फिल्म्स | genre = [[Soundtrack|फीचर फिल्म साउंडट्रैक]] | length = 23:23 | language = [[Bhojpuri language|भोजपुरी]] | label = Enter10 Music Bhojpuri }} {{Track listing | headline = गानन कै सूची | extra_column = गायक | lyrics1 = प्यारे लाल यादव | extra1 = [[खेसारी लाल यादव]], प्रिया सिंह राजपूत | title1 = ओढ़नी के कोना मा | length1 = 3:43 | total_length = 23:23 | lyrics2 = प्रेमांशु सिंह | extra2 = ओम झा, जतिंदर सिंह | title2 = भाग खेसारी भाग थीम सांग | length2 = 2:42 | lyrics3 = श्याम देहाती | extra3 = [[खेसारी लाल यादव]], हनी बी | title3 = बियहवा के बाद मिलेगा | length3 = 3:31 | lyrics4 = प्रकाश बारूद | extra4 = [[खेसारी लाल यादव]], प्रियंका मौर्य | title4 = क से कामयाब | length4 = 2:59 | lyrics5 = पवन पाण्डेय | extra5 = [[खेसारी लाल यादव]], प्रियंका सिंह | title5 = मुसवे जइसे बोलहब हो | length5 = 3:05 | lyrics6 = आजाद सिंह | extra6 = [[खेसारी लाल यादव]], प्रियंका सिंह | title6 = बिस्कुट डुबाके | length6 = 3:27 | lyrics7 = आजाद सिंह | extra7 = [[खेसारी लाल यादव]], [[खुशबू जैन]], ओम झा | title7 = मेरी वाली मस्त है | length7 = 3:56 }} <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>"भाग खेसारी भाग" का संगीत ओम झा द्वारा बनावा गा है जेहिका गीत प्यारे लाल यादव, आजाद सिंह, श्याम देहाती, प्रकाश बारूद, यादव राज अऊर पवन पांडे द्वारा लिखा गा है। संगीत "एंटर10 म्यूजिक भोजपुरी" म्यूजिक कंपनी के तहत बनावा गा है। अक्टूबर 2019 का रिलीज भा गीत "बिस्कुट डुबाके" यूट्यूब पै 20 मिलियन से अधिक बार द्याखा गा। == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 0kdnadbpv810dkhyv6ojgvh4gfj2sj5 0 9862 35486 35409 2026-07-08T17:31:48Z Avimaarak 3578 35486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Indian poet and academic}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox writer | image = Balram Shukla (poet and author).png | name = Balram Shukla | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|1|19}}<ref name="sv">{{cite journal|last=Sharma|first=Jeevan|journal=संस्कृतवाणी|location=Delhi|title=विद्वत्परिचयः|volume=1|issue=15|trans-title=Introduction to a scholar|date=1 November 2014|language=Sanskrit|page=2|issn=2349-0586|id=RNI No. DELSAN/2014/55803|publisher=Srinivas Sanskrit Vidyapeeth}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Maharajganj district|महाराजगंज]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = प्रोफ़ेसर, कवि | period = | genre = [[संस्कृत]], [[भारतीय साहित्य]] | language = [[संस्कृत]], [[Persian language|फ़ारसी]], [[प्राकृत]] | subject = | movement = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = | alma_mater = [[दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय]] }} '''बलराम शुक्ल''' (जनम 19 जनवरी 1982) नई दिल्ली मा रहय वाले एक शिक्षाविद, कवि अउर लेखक हैं। श्रीशुक्ल [[संस्कृत]] औ भारतीय साहित्य के स्वयंसिद्ध विद्वान् हैं औ <ref name="vartavali" /> दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय मा [[संस्कृत]] के प्रोफेसर के रूप मा काम करत हैं । उइ संस्कृत, [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]], [[उर्दू]], फारसी अउ प्राकृत भाषन के विद्वान हैं। उइ संस्कृत अउर फारसी दूनों भाषन मा कविता लिखत हैं। <ref name="ss" /> फारसिही के काव्य छंदन का उपयोग कइके फारसी कविता का संस्कृत मा अनुवादौ करति हैं। <ref name="vartavali" /> उनका [[भारत कय राष्ट्रपति|भारत के राष्ट्रपति]] द्वारा 2013 मा संस्कृत के बरे बादरायण व्यास पुरस्कार ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। अब लगि उनकी आठ किताबैं छपि चुकीं हैं। ==कार्य== ===किताबैं=== *शुक्ल, बलराम (2025) ‘भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा : सातत्य एवं संवर्धन’, An exhaustive theoretical account of how the Indian knowledge tradition has remained continuous and generative through the ages. नई दिल्ली:  वाणी प्रकाशन, {{ISBN|978-93-73482-27-9}} (हार्ड कवर), {{ISBNT|978-93-73488-61-5}} (Paper Back). (Press Coverage)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yadav |first=Yogendra |date=January 20, 2026 |title=Reading India’s political mood at the World Book Fair |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/yogendra-yadav-writes-reading-indias-political-mood-at-the-world-book-fair-10483428/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 7, 2026 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> *<!-- * ''Kavitaputrikajatih'' ({{lang|sa|कवितापुत्रिकाजातिः}}), a collection of Sanskrit poems. --> *शुक्ल, बलराम [Trans.](2021) ''Nihshabd-Noopur'' (Collection and Hindi Translation of Rumi's  100 Ghazals, First paperback edition, Second Edition - [https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/tracing-the-unabating-universal-influence-of-rumi-and-his-connection-to-indian-vedantic-thought-10223581.html December 2021])''.'' नई दिल्ली: राजकमल पेपरबैक्स. {{ISBN|978-93-90971-62-6}} *शुक्ल, बलराम [ed.] (2021) ''Paśyantī'' (A Collection of poems of 75 contemporary Sanskrit poets), Prayagraj: Raka Prakashan. {{ISBN|978-93-90964-27-7}} *शुक्ल, बलराम (2020, 1398hq) Zāfrān-o-Sandal ({{lang|fa|زعفران و صندل}}) (A Collection of Persian Ghazals), Tehran: Mo,assase-e-farhangi-e-shāerān-e-Pārsīzabān {{ISBN|978-622-99165-6-8}}<ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 2020 |script-title=fa:سروده‌های آیینی شاعر هندو منتشر شد/ «زعفران و صندل» شکلا به ایران رسید- اخبار فرهنگی - اخبار تسنیم |trans-title=Hindu poet's ritual poems published / Shakila's "saffron and sandal" arrived in Iran - Cultural News - Tasnim News |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398/10/24/2181770/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF |newspaper=[[Tasnim News Agency]] |language=fa}}</ref> *शुक्ल, बलराम (Ed.)(2019) Śatāvadhāniracanāsaṃcayanam (Edited 7 beautiful compositions of modern Sanskrit poet Śatāvadhānī Dr. R. Ganesh with elaborate introduction and 600 notes to the same). New Delhi : Sahitya Akademi. {{ISBN|978-93-89195-01-9}} *शुक्ल, बलराम (Trans.)(2018) Nihshabd-Noopur (Collection and Hindi Translation of Rumi's  100 Ghazals). New Delhi : MGAHV Wardha and Rajkamal. {{ISBN|978-93-88183-25-3}} *शुक्ल, बलराम (2017) ‘Kavitāputrikājātiḥ’, (an original Sanskrit poetry collection) New Delhi:  Rashtriya Sanskrit sansthan, {{ISBN|978-93-82091-68-4}} *शुक्ल, बलराम (2016). ''Parivahah'' ({{lang|sa|परीवाहः}}), a collection of Sanskrit poems. {{ISBN|978-81-260-4787-1}}. Published by [[Sahitya Akademi]] *Shukla, Balram and Paramanand Jha (2015). ''Laghusandesham'' ({{lang|sa|लघुसन्देशम्}}), a collection of short Sanskrit poems. {{ISBN|978-93-85539-03-9}}. *शुक्ल, बलराम (2014). Hindi translation of Dawazdeh Band of [[Muhtasham Kashani]]. Rampur, India: Rampur Raza Library. {{ISBN|978-93-82949-20-6}}. *Shukla, Balram (2013). ''Bharatiya evam pashchattya vakyartha siddhanta'' ({{lang|hi|भारतीय एवं पाश्चात्त्य वाक्यार्थ सिद्धान्त}}), a Hindi research work on Indian and Western theories of sentential meaning. नई दिल्ली, भारत: प्रतिभा प्रकाशन. {{ISBN|978-81-7702-335-0}}. *Sशुक्ल, बलराम (2011). ''Isq-o-Atesh'' ({{lang|fa|عشق و آتش}}), a collection of Persian poems. Tehran, Iran: Midhat Publication. {{ISBN|978-600-5312-11-9}}. *शुक्ल, बलराम(2009). ''Adhunik Sanskrit Sahitya Sanchayan'' ({{lang|hi|आधुनिक संस्कृत साहित्य संचयन}}), a Hindi research work on modern Sanskrit poetry in India. दिल्ली: विद्यानिधि प्रकाशन. {{ISBN|978-81-86700-86-0}}. ==संदर्भ== r53fwly3l0q6zg0noqxuufwz7qhgrqg 0 9878 35448 2026-07-08T12:56:17Z Avimaarak 3578 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362702098|Automotive industry by country]]" पन्ना कै अनुवाद कइके बनवा गा 35448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}यो लेख '''दुनिया भर के देशन मा ऑटोमोटिव उद्योग के सूचना''' प्रदान करत है। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका 20 वीं सदी के सुरुआती सालन ते लइके 1980 के दशक तक मात्रा के हिसाब ते दुनिया का सबते बड़ा ऑटोमोबाइल उत्पादक रहै, वहिके बाद जापान वहिका पीछे छोड़ि दीन्हेसि। 2009 मा चीन दुनिया का सबते बड़ा वाहन निर्माता देश बनि गा। <ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 Production Statistics |url=http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2009-statistics/ |access-date=15 July 2013 |publisher=[[Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles]]}}</ref> == अफ्रीका == == एशिया == === भारत === [[फाइल:TATA_Safari_Dicor_2.2.jpg|अंगूठाकार|टाटा सफारी (1998; भारत के पहिल खेल उपयोगिता वाहन)]] [[भारत]] मा 1940 के दशक मा एक प्रारम्भिक स्तर का ऑटोमोटिव उद्योग शुरू भा। हालांकि, अगले 50 साल तक, ई उद्योग क विकास समाजवादी नीतिन अउर वाहनन के आयात पर कुल प्रतिबंध अउर साथै साथ लाइसेंस राज की नौकरशाही की बाधन ते बाधित रहा। 1991 मा भारत मा आर्थिक उदारीकरण, आर्थिक वृद्धि की शुरुआत अउर उद्योग पर प्रतिबंधन के विषय मा धीरे-धीरे ढील दे के बाद, ऑटोमोबाइल उत्पादन मा 17% वार्षिक वृद्धि अउर ऑटोमोटिव घटकन अउर ऑटोमोबाइल के निर्यात मा 30% वार्षिक वृद्धि देखी गै। 2017 मा भारत मा 4.78 मिलियन ते अधिक&nbsp;ऑटोमोटिव वाहनन का उत्पादन कीन गा (2005 से लगभग तीन गुना अउर 1990 से तेरह गुना से जादा वृद्धि। भारत अब 2018 मा चौथा सबसे बड़ा ऑटोमोबाइल उत्पादक है (जर्मनी, दक्षिण कोरिया, बेल्जियम, यूनाइटेड किंगडम, इटली, रूस अउर मैक्सिको जइस पुरान अउर नये ऑटो निर्माताओं का पीछे कइ दिहिस)। अब भारत दुनिया मा ऑटोमोबाइल बाजार की बढ़त के मामले मा दुसरे स्थान पर है (चीन के बाद)। भारतीय ऑटोमोबाइल उद्योग क कुल कारोबार सन् 2006 मा $34 अरब रहै जो 3.6 गुना बढ़ि के &nbsp;2016 मा $122 अरब होइ गा। <ref name="dhi.nic.in">{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises Government of India |year=2006 |title=Draft Automotive Mission Plan |url=http://www.dhi.nic.in/draft_automotive_mission_plan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331011731/http://www.dhi.nic.in/draft_automotive_mission_plan.pdf |archive-date=2010-03-31 |access-date=2009-11-26 |website=dhi.nic.in}}</ref> भारत मा सबसे बड़ी ऑटोमोटिव कंपनी मारुति सुजुकी, हुंडई मोटर इंडिया, महिंद्रा एंड महिंद्रा अऊर टाटा मोटर्स हैं (2008 मा, टाटा कंपनी टाटा नैनो नाम के दुनिया के सबते सस्ती कार $1,500 मा लॉन्च कीन्हेसि रहै)। भारत मा उद्योग संयंत्र वाली विदेशी ऑटो कंपनियन मा शामिल हैं:- फोर्ड, हुंडई, होंडा, किआ, निसान, टोयोटा, वोक्सवैगन, ऑडी, स्कोडा, बीएमडब्ल्यू, रेनॉल्ट, मित्सुबिशी, जगुआर लैंड रोवर, फिएट, वोल्वो, लेक्सस अउर मर्सिडीज । पीएसए समूह जइसि कइयो अन्य वैश्विक ऑटोमोबाइल दिग्गज अपन संयंत्र स्थापित कइ रहे हैं अउर इन्फिनिटी जइसी कंपनिउ यहि देश मा अपन विनिर्माण संयंत्र स्थापित करै की प्रक्रिया मा हैं। == संदर्भ == qe3opl7uqi2qyqhxojoewvaa2iiv89i 0 9879 35449 2026-07-08T13:18:24Z Avimaarak 3578 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330416329|Kashinath Singh]]" पन्ना कै अनुवाद कइके बनवा गा 35449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''काशीनाथ सिंह''' जनम 1937) एक भारतीय लेखक अउर [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] भाषा के विद्वान हैं। उइ [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] मा उपन्यास अउर लघुकथा लिखै के खातिर जाने जाति हैं। उइ पहिले बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय मा हिंदी साहित्य के प्रोफेसर रहैं। उनका 2011 मा उपन्यास ''रेहन पर रग्घू'' के बरे साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार ते नवाजा गा रहै। उनका [[वाराणसी]] शहर के विषय मा सर्वश्रेष्ठ वृत्तान्तकारन में से एक माना जात है। यूपी सरकार द्वारा दीन जाय वाले राज्य के सर्वोच्च साहित्यिक पुरस्कार 'भारत भारती पुरस्कार' ते उनका हालै मा सम्मानित कीन गा है। == जीवनी == काशीनाथ सिंह का जनम 1937 मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के चंदौली जिला के ''जियनपुर'' गाँव मा एक किसान परिवार मा भा रहै। इनकी शुरुआती स्कूली पढ़ाई लिखाई जियनपुर गाँव के स्कूल मा भै। उइ अपन आगे के पढ़ाई बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय ते कीन्हेनि जहाँ उइ बीए, एमए अउर पीएचडी की परीक्षा पास कीन्हेनि। सन 1965 मा बनारस हिन्दू यूनिवर्सिटी मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा आपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि अउर हुंवा ते प्रोफेसर अउर हिंदी विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="kashi">{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Singh |url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh |access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref> वर्तमान मा उइ मंडुआडीह रोड पर बृज एन्क्लेव मा वाराणसी मा अपने लरिका के साथै रहति हैं। जाने-माने आलोचक डॉ. नामवर सिंह काशीनाथ सिंह जी के बड़े भाई हैं। ई दूधनाथ सिंह के मित्र औ रिश्तेदार रहे । == बिरासत == काशी का अस्सी, 2008 मा प्रकाशित, उनकी सबते महत्वपूर्ण रचना मानी जाति है। या पुस्तक 1970 के दशक के ''घाटन'', तरह तरह के पात्रन अउर छात्र राजनेतन के जीवन के याक अंदरूनी तस्वीर खींचति है। उपन्यास [[वाराणसी]] के रंगीन जीवन का विस्तृत चित्रण करै मा अनूठा माना जात है। काशीनाथ सिंह साहित्यिक हस्तिन के जीवनी लिखै के अपने अनूठे अंदाजौ खातिन जाने जात हैं। <ref name="kashi">{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Singh |url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh |access-date=23 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh "Kashinath Singh"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> उनके संस्मरण ''याद हो कि ना याद हो'' किताब मा संकलित हैं, जेहिका शरद जोशी पुरस्कार मिला है। ''काशी का अस्सी'' के कुछ हिस्सा प्रख्यात निर्देशक उषा गांगुली रंगमंच के रूप मा रूपांतरित कीन्हेनि हैं अउर उपन्यास पर चंद्रप्रकाश द्विवेदी द्वारा याक फीचर फिल्म, मोहल्ला अस्सिउ बनाई गै है। काशीनाथ सिंह का 2011 मा अपने उपन्यास ''रेहन पर रग्घू'' खातिन साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार मिला हाल के समय मा, ''काशी का अस्सी'' पर आधारित नाटक ''काशीनामा का'' भारत अउर विदेश मा 125 बार मंचन कीन गा है। == काम == * {{Cite book|title=[[Kashi Ka Assi]]|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]]|year=2004|isbn=9788126704224}} * {{Cite book|title=Rehan Par Regghu|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2011|isbn=9788126719648}} * {{Cite book|title=Yaad Ho Ki Na Yaad Ho|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=9788171789368}} * {{Cite book|title=Apna Morcha|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=9788126713868}} * {{Cite book|title=Kahani Upkhan|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=9788126707768}} * {{Cite book|title=Pratinidhi Kahaniyan|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2008|isbn=9788126702497}} * {{Cite book|title=Ghar Ka Jogi Jogda|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2006|isbn=8126712406}} * {{Cite book|title=Mahuacharit|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2012|isbn=9788126722297}} * {{Cite book|title=Upsanhar|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2014|isbn=978-8126726059}} * {{Cite book|title=Lekhak Ki Chherchhaar|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2012|isbn=9789383233144}} * {{Cite book|title=Kavita Ki Nayi Taareekh|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=[[HarperCollins#HarperCollins India|HarperCollins India]]|year=2012|isbn=9788172239572}} * {{Cite book|title=Sadi Ka Sabse Bada Admee|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=1986|isbn=8171780164}} == पुरस्कार अउर सम्मान == * केन्द्र साहित्य अकादमी का पुरस्कार * शरद जोशी सम्मान * साहित्य भूषण * कथा सम्मान * राजभाषा सम्मान * भारत भारती पुरस्कार == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == * [http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/narendra-modi-s-presence-has-polarised-varanasi-1.1329800 गल्फ न्यूज़ पर साक्षात्कार] 2dm3qby5eatbi65jzhvfg12jvsa7lqn 35450 35449 2026-07-08T13:28:52Z Avimaarak 3578 35450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = काशीनाथ सिंह | native_name = | native_name_lang = hi | image = Kashinath Singh bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 2652 July 28, 2018.jpg | caption = काशीनाथ सिंह | image_size = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1937|01|01}} | birth_place = जियनपुर, [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], भारत | language = [[हिन्दी]] | nationality = भारतीय | alma_mater = [[काशी हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालए]] | notableworks = ''[[काशी का अस्सी]]'', ''रेहन पर रग्घू'', ''कहनी उपखान'' | occupation = लेखक, उपन्यासकार | relatives = [[नामवर सिंह]] (भाई) | awards = साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार <br /> शरद जोशी सम्मान <br /> साहित्य भूषण <br /> कथा सम्मान <br /> राजभाषा समान <br /> भारत भारती एवार्ड }} '''काशीनाथ सिंह''' जनम 1937) एक भारतीय लेखक अउर [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] भाषा के विद्वान हैं। उइ [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] मा उपन्यास अउर लघुकथा लिखै के खातिर जाने जाति हैं। उइ पहिले बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय मा हिंदी साहित्य के प्रोफेसर रहैं। उनका 2011 मा उपन्यास ''रेहन पर रग्घू'' के बरे साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार ते नवाजा गा रहै। उनका [[वाराणसी]] शहर के विषय मा सर्वश्रेष्ठ वृत्तान्तकारन में से एक माना जात है। यूपी सरकार द्वारा दीन जाय वाले राज्य के सर्वोच्च साहित्यिक पुरस्कार 'भारत भारती पुरस्कार' ते उनका हालै मा सम्मानित कीन गा है। == जीवनी == काशीनाथ सिंह का जनम 1937 मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के चंदौली जिला के ''जियनपुर'' गाँव मा एक किसान परिवार मा भा रहै। इनकी शुरुआती स्कूली पढ़ाई लिखाई जियनपुर गाँव के स्कूल मा भै। उइ अपन आगे के पढ़ाई बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय ते कीन्हेनि जहाँ उइ बीए, एमए अउर पीएचडी की परीक्षा पास कीन्हेनि। सन 1965 मा बनारस हिन्दू यूनिवर्सिटी मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा आपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि अउर हुंवा ते प्रोफेसर अउर हिंदी विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="kashi">{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Singh |url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh |access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref> वर्तमान मा उइ मंडुआडीह रोड पर बृज एन्क्लेव मा वाराणसी मा अपने लरिका के साथै रहति हैं। जाने-माने आलोचक डॉ. नामवर सिंह काशीनाथ सिंह जी के बड़े भाई हैं। ई दूधनाथ सिंह के मित्र औ रिश्तेदार रहे । == बिरासत == काशी का अस्सी, 2008 मा प्रकाशित, उनकी सबते महत्वपूर्ण रचना मानी जाति है। या पुस्तक 1970 के दशक के ''घाटन'', तरह तरह के पात्रन अउर छात्र राजनेतन के जीवन के याक अंदरूनी तस्वीर खींचति है। उपन्यास [[वाराणसी]] के रंगीन जीवन का विस्तृत चित्रण करै मा अनूठा माना जात है। काशीनाथ सिंह साहित्यिक हस्तिन के जीवनी लिखै के अपने अनूठे अंदाजौ खातिन जाने जात हैं। <ref name="kashi">{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Singh |url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh |access-date=23 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh "Kashinath Singh"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> उनके संस्मरण ''याद हो कि ना याद हो'' किताब मा संकलित हैं, जेहिका शरद जोशी पुरस्कार मिला है। ''काशी का अस्सी'' के कुछ हिस्सा प्रख्यात निर्देशक उषा गांगुली रंगमंच के रूप मा रूपांतरित कीन्हेनि हैं अउर उपन्यास पर चंद्रप्रकाश द्विवेदी द्वारा याक फीचर फिल्म, मोहल्ला अस्सिउ बनाई गै है। काशीनाथ सिंह का 2011 मा अपने उपन्यास ''रेहन पर रग्घू'' खातिन साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार मिला हाल के समय मा, ''काशी का अस्सी'' पर आधारित नाटक ''काशीनामा का'' भारत अउर विदेश मा 125 बार मंचन कीन गा है। == काम == * {{Cite book|title=[[Kashi Ka Assi]]|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]]|year=2004|isbn=9788126704224}} * {{Cite book|title=Rehan Par Regghu|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2011|isbn=9788126719648}} * {{Cite book|title=Yaad Ho Ki Na Yaad Ho|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=9788171789368}} * {{Cite book|title=Apna Morcha|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=9788126713868}} * {{Cite book|title=Kahani Upkhan|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=9788126707768}} * {{Cite book|title=Pratinidhi Kahaniyan|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2008|isbn=9788126702497}} * {{Cite book|title=Ghar Ka Jogi Jogda|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2006|isbn=8126712406}} * {{Cite book|title=Mahuacharit|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2012|isbn=9788126722297}} * {{Cite book|title=Upsanhar|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2014|isbn=978-8126726059}} * {{Cite book|title=Lekhak Ki Chherchhaar|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2012|isbn=9789383233144}} * {{Cite book|title=Kavita Ki Nayi Taareekh|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=[[HarperCollins#HarperCollins India|HarperCollins India]]|year=2012|isbn=9788172239572}} * {{Cite book|title=Sadi Ka Sabse Bada Admee|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=1986|isbn=8171780164}} == पुरस्कार अउर सम्मान == * केन्द्र साहित्य अकादमी का पुरस्कार * शरद जोशी सम्मान * साहित्य भूषण * कथा सम्मान * राजभाषा सम्मान * भारत भारती पुरस्कार == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == * [http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/narendra-modi-s-presence-has-polarised-varanasi-1.1329800 गल्फ न्यूज़ पर साक्षात्कार] lud66941s94zglyplfjpxocpq1fxxm7 35451 35450 2026-07-08T13:32:06Z Avimaarak 3578 35451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = काशीनाथ सिंह | native_name = | native_name_lang = hi | image = Kashinath Singh bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 2652 July 28, 2018.jpg | caption = काशीनाथ सिंह | image_size = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1937|01|01}} | birth_place = जियनपुर, [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], भारत | language = [[हिन्दी]] | nationality = भारतीय | alma_mater = [[काशी हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालए]] | notableworks = ''[[काशी का अस्सी]]'', ''रेहन पर रग्घू'', ''कहनी उपखान'' | occupation = लेखक, उपन्यासकार | relatives = [[नामवर सिंह]] (भाई) | awards = साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार <br /> शरद जोशी सम्मान <br /> साहित्य भूषण <br /> कथा सम्मान <br /> राजभाषा समान <br /> भारत भारती एवार्ड }} '''काशीनाथ सिंह''' जनम 1937) एक भारतीय लेखक अउर [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] भाषा के विद्वान हैं। उइ [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] मा उपन्यास अउर लघुकथा लिखै के खातिर जाने जाति हैं। उइ पहिले बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय मा हिंदी साहित्य के प्रोफेसर रहैं। उनका 2011 मा उपन्यास ''रेहन पर रग्घू'' के बरे साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार ते नवाजा गा रहै। उनका [[वाराणसी]] शहर के विषय मा सर्वश्रेष्ठ वृत्तान्तकारन में से एक माना जात है। यूपी सरकार द्वारा दीन जाय वाले राज्य के सर्वोच्च साहित्यिक पुरस्कार 'भारत भारती पुरस्कार' ते उनका हालै मा सम्मानित कीन गा है। == जीवनी == काशीनाथ सिंह का जनम 1937 मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के चंदौली जिला के ''जियनपुर'' गाँव मा एक किसान परिवार मा भा रहै। इनकी शुरुआती स्कूली पढ़ाई लिखाई जियनपुर गाँव के स्कूल मा भै। उइ अपन आगे के पढ़ाई बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय ते कीन्हेनि जहाँ उइ बीए, एमए अउर पीएचडी की परीक्षा पास कीन्हेनि। सन 1965 मा बनारस हिन्दू यूनिवर्सिटी मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा आपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि अउर हुंवा ते प्रोफेसर अउर हिंदी विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="kashi">{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Singh |url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh |access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref> वर्तमान मा उइ मंडुआडीह रोड पर बृज एन्क्लेव मा वाराणसी मा अपने लरिका के साथै रहति हैं। जाने-माने आलोचक डॉ. नामवर सिंह काशीनाथ सिंह जी के बड़े भाई हैं। ई दूधनाथ सिंह के मित्र औ रिश्तेदार रहे । == बिरासत == काशी का अस्सी, 2008 मा प्रकाशित, उनकी सबते महत्वपूर्ण रचना मानी जाति है। या पुस्तक 1970 के दशक के ''घाटन'', तरह तरह के पात्रन अउर छात्र राजनेतन के जीवन के याक अंदरूनी तस्वीर खींचति है। उपन्यास [[वाराणसी]] के रंगीन जीवन का विस्तृत चित्रण करै मा अनूठा माना जात है। काशीनाथ सिंह साहित्यिक हस्तिन के जीवनी लिखै के अपने अनूठे अंदाजौ खातिन जाने जात हैं। <ref name="kashi">{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Singh |url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh |access-date=23 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh "Kashinath Singh"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> उनके संस्मरण ''याद हो कि ना याद हो'' किताब मा संकलित हैं, जेहिका शरद जोशी पुरस्कार मिला है। ''काशी का अस्सी'' के कुछ हिस्सा प्रख्यात निर्देशक उषा गांगुली रंगमंच के रूप मा रूपांतरित कीन्हेनि हैं अउर उपन्यास पर चंद्रप्रकाश द्विवेदी द्वारा याक फीचर फिल्म, मोहल्ला अस्सिउ बनाई गै है। काशीनाथ सिंह का 2011 मा अपने उपन्यास ''रेहन पर रग्घू'' खातिन साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार मिला हाल के समय मा, ''काशी का अस्सी'' पर आधारित नाटक ''काशीनामा का'' भारत अउर विदेश मा 125 बार मंचन कीन गा है। == काम == === प्रकाशित कृतीं === ; कहानी-संग्रह- # लोग बिस्तरों पर 1968 # सुबह का डर 1975 # आदमीनामा 1978 # नयी तारीख 1979 # कल की फटेहाल कहानियाँ 1980 # प्रतिनिधि कहानियाँ 1984 # सदी का सबसे बड़ा आदमी 1986 # 10 प्रतिनिधि कहानियाँ 1994 # कहनी उपखान (सम्पूर्ण कहानियाँ) - 2003 (राजकमल प्रकाशन, नयी दिल्ली से) # संकलित कहानियाँ 2008 # कविता की नयी तारीख 2010 # खरोंच 2014 (साहित्य भंडार, चाहचंद रोड, इलाहाबाद से) ; उपन्यास- # अपना मोर्चा - 1972 # काशी का अस्सी - 2002 # रेहन पर रग्घू - 2008 # महुआ चरित - 2012 # उपसंहार - 2014 ;संस्मरण- # याद हो कि न याद हो -1992 # आछे दिन पाछे गए - 2004 # घर का जोगी जोगड़ा -2006 ; शोध-आलोचना- # हिंदी में संयुक्त क्रियाएं 1976 # आलोचना भी रचना है 1996 # लेखक की छेड़छाड़ 2013 ; नाटक- # '''घोआस''' (प्रथम प्रकाशन : युयुत्सा पत्रिका, कोलकाता-1969; द्वितीय प्रकाशन : रचना प्रकाशन, इलाहाबाद-1975; तृतीय प्रकाशन : प्रारूप प्रकाशन, इलाहाबाद-1982; 2015 ई० मा साहित्य भंडार, चाहचंद रोड, इलाहाबाद ते पुनर्प्रकाशित)<ref>घोआस, काशीनाथ सिंह, साहित्य भंडार, 50, चाहचंद इलाहाबाद, संस्करण-2015, पृष्ठ-4 (प्रकाशकीय विवरण मा)।</ref> साक्षात्कार- # गपोड़ी से गपशप 2013 (संपादक- पल्लव) ; संपादन- # परिवेश (अनियतकालीन पत्रिका 1971-76) # काशी के नाम 2007 (नामवर सिंह के पत्रन का संचयन) === काशीनाथ सिंह पर केंद्रित विशिष्ट साहित्य === # '''कहन''' पत्रिका का विशेषांक 'साठ के काशी और काशी का साठ', संपादक- मनीष दुबे, 2000 (पुस्तक रूप मा '''कासी पर कहन''' मीरा पब्लिकेशंस, न्याय मार्ग, इलाहाबाद ते) # 'बनास जन' का विशेषांक 'गल्पेतर गल्प का ठाठ' 'काशी का अस्सी' पर केंद्रित - 2010 (संपादक- पल्लव, पुस्तक रूप मा ' '''अस्सी का काशी''' : गल्पेतर गल्प का ठाठ', साहित्य भंडार, चाहचंद रोड, इलाहाबाद ते) # '''संबोधन''' का विशेषांक (अक्टूबर 2012 - जनवरी 2013) संपादक- कमर मेवाड़ी # <ref>{{Citation|title=काशीनाथ सिंह|date=2023-10-02|url=https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9&oldid=5967181|work=विकिपीडिया|language=hi|access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> * {{Cite book|title=[[Kashi Ka Assi]]|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]]|year=2004|isbn=9788126704224}} * {{Cite book|title=Rehan Par Regghu|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2011|isbn=9788126719648}} * {{Cite book|title=Yaad Ho Ki Na Yaad Ho|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=9788171789368}} * {{Cite book|title=Apna Morcha|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=9788126713868}} * {{Cite book|title=Kahani Upkhan|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=9788126707768}} * {{Cite book|title=Pratinidhi Kahaniyan|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2008|isbn=9788126702497}} * {{Cite book|title=Ghar Ka Jogi Jogda|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2006|isbn=8126712406}} * {{Cite book|title=Mahuacharit|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2012|isbn=9788126722297}} * {{Cite book|title=Upsanhar|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2014|isbn=978-8126726059}} * {{Cite book|title=Lekhak Ki Chherchhaar|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=2012|isbn=9789383233144}} * {{Cite book|title=Kavita Ki Nayi Taareekh|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=[[HarperCollins#HarperCollins India|HarperCollins India]]|year=2012|isbn=9788172239572}} * {{Cite book|title=Sadi Ka Sabse Bada Admee|last=Kashinath Singh|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|year=1986|isbn=8171780164}} == पुरस्कार अउर सम्मान == * केन्द्र साहित्य अकादमी का पुरस्कार * शरद जोशी सम्मान * साहित्य भूषण * कथा सम्मान * राजभाषा सम्मान * भारत भारती पुरस्कार == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == * [http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/narendra-modi-s-presence-has-polarised-varanasi-1.1329800 गल्फ न्यूज़ पर साक्षात्कार] n3jepsayy7c2hrzglz2a18d88dtffbr 0 9880 35452 2026-07-08T13:46:40Z Avimaarak 3578 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351763523|Ram Vilas Sharma]]" पन्ना कै अनुवाद कइके बनवा गा 35452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''राम विलास शर्मा''' (10 अक्टूबर 1912 - 30 मई 2000) एक प्रगतिशील साहित्यिक आलोचक, भाषाविद, [[कवि]] औ विचारक रहैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}</ref> उनका जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेश के]] उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचगांव सानी गाँव मा भा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> लगभग पाँच दशक तक फइले अपने कार्यकाल मा, शर्मा जी 50 ते अधिक किताबैं लिखिन। उनका साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार, भारत भारती पुरस्कार , शलाका सम्मान, व्यास सम्मान (1991, पहिल प्राप्तकर्ता), अउ शताब्दी सम्मान सहित कइयो पुरस्कारन ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। १९३९ मा उइ सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' पर एक विद्वतापूर्ण पत्र लिखिन, जेहिका ''हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन'' के एक सत्र मा प्रस्तुत कीन गा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Indian literature|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref> == सुरुवाती जिंदगी == डॉ. शर्मा का जनम 10 अक्टूबर 1912 का [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचागांव सानी मा भा रहै उइ अपन प्रारंभिक शिक्षा अपने पैतृक गाँव अउर झांसी मा प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय गें अउ सन् 1934 मा मास्टर ऑफ आर्ट्स के डिग्री साथै साथ 1938 मा अंग्रेजी साहित्य मा डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कार्यकाल == उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा अपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि, अउ फिर बलवंत राजपूत कॉलेज, [[आगरा]] मा [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]] विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा नियुक्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ अंत मा केएम हिंदी संस्थान, [[आगरा]] के निदेशक के पद ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> मूल रूप ते उइ एक आलोचक रहैं । उइ जीवनी-ऐतिहासिक आलोचना का नया आयाम दीन्हेनि, साथै मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण ते भाषाई अउर साहित्यिक मुद्दन का विश्लेषण कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> शर्माजी का देहावसान 30 मई 2000 का होइ गा। == काम == निराला के ''राम की शक्ति पूजा'', ''तुलसीदास'', ''सरोज-स्मृति'' अउर ''परिमल'' का उनकर अध्ययन रचनात्मक आलोचना के एक आदर्श है। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> अपने ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (3 भाग मा) के लिए उ १९७० मा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार जीतिन। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके विशाल काम ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' ने उन्हें केके बिड़ला फाउंडेशन द्वारा स्थापित पहला व्यास सम्मान (1991) जीता। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उ विचार अऊर कर्म दुइनौ मा समाजवादी रहे। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|editor-last=George|editor-first=K.M.}}</ref> [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] लेखकन मा जे ओनका सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित किहिन, कवि निराला के अलावा, आचार्य शुक्ल आलोचक, भारतेंदु अग्रदूत अऊर [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] उपन्यासकार हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उ विस्तृत अध्ययन के लिए ओनका उठाइन अऊर ओनके ऊपर प्रामाणिक साहित्यिक आलोचना लिखिन, हालांकि प्रगतिशील कोण से। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> इनके व्यक्तित्व का विश्लेषण किहिन औ हिन्दी साहित्य मा इनके योगदान का सामने लायेन । <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके अनुसार भारतेंदु हरिशचंद्र, [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] अऊर निराला न केवल साहित्यकार के रूप मा बल्कि आत्मा के उदारता से संपन्न मनई के रूप मा भी उत्कृष्ट हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> === आचार्य शुक्ल के समीक्षा === आचार्य शुक्ल ( ''आचार्य रामचन्द्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' ) की अपनी समीक्षा मा आलोचक शर्मा ई तथ्य पर जोर देत हैं कि लेखक सामंती अउर दरबारी साहित्य का विरोध किहिन काहे से कि ई आम जनता अऊर समकालीन समाज के जीवन के सही तस्वीर नाहीं देत रहा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> == कामन के सूची == * ''भारतीय साहित्य कि भूमिका'' * ''निराला कि साहित्य साधना'' (३ खंड) * ''प्रेमचंद अउर उनका युग'' * ''आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' * ''भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र और हिन्दी नवजागरण कि समस्यायें'' * ''भारतेंदु युग और हिंदी भाषा कि विकास परमपारा'' * ''महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और हिंदी नवजागरण'' * ''नई कविता और अस्तिवाद'' * ''भारत कि भाषा समस्या'' * ''आस्था अउर सौंदर्य'' * ''भाषा और समाज'' * ''परमपारा का मूल्यांकन'' * ''भारत में अंगराजी राज और मार्क्सवाद'' (2 खंड) * ''मार्क्स और पिछड़े हुए समाज'' * ''घर कि बात'' * ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' (3 खंड) * ''धूल'' * ''अइतिहासिक भाषाविज्ञान और हिंदी'' * ''प्रगति अउर परमपारा'' == यहौ द्याखौ == * भारतीय साहित्यकारन कै सूची == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} nbgutcw62j9n9d45mvs7mq0a4blswds 35453 35452 2026-07-08T13:48:00Z Avimaarak 3578 35453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = रामविलास शर्मा | image = | image_size = | caption = | honorific_suffix = | birth_date = [[१० अक्टूबर]], [[१९१२]] | birth_place = ऊँचगाँव सानी, [[उन्नाव जिला]],<br /> [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | death_date = ३० मई [[२०००]]<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2000/rmay2000/r30052000.html प्रेस सूचना ब्यूरो रिलीज़]। मार्च २०००</ref> | death_place=दिल्ली | occupation = [[हिन्दी भाषा]] | nationality = भारतीय | language = हिन्दी | period = आधुनिक | genre = आलोचना, विवेचना, कविता | subject = आलोचना, भाषाविज्ञान, इतिहास, संस्कृति, आत्मकथा | movement = प्रगतिशील | notableworks = | प्रभाव = <!--यह लेखक किससे प्रभावित होता है--> | प्रभावित = <!--यह लेखक किसको प्रभावित करता है--> | signature = | website = | module = | मुख्य काम = }} '''राम विलास शर्मा''' (10 अक्टूबर 1912 - 30 मई 2000) एक प्रगतिशील साहित्यिक आलोचक, भाषाविद, [[कवि]] औ विचारक रहैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}</ref> उनका जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेश के]] उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचगांव सानी गाँव मा भा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> लगभग पाँच दशक तक फइले अपने कार्यकाल मा, शर्मा जी 50 ते अधिक किताबैं लिखिन। उनका साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार, भारत भारती पुरस्कार , शलाका सम्मान, व्यास सम्मान (1991, पहिल प्राप्तकर्ता), अउ शताब्दी सम्मान सहित कइयो पुरस्कारन ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। १९३९ मा उइ सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' पर एक विद्वतापूर्ण पत्र लिखिन, जेहिका ''हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन'' के एक सत्र मा प्रस्तुत कीन गा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Indian literature|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref> == सुरुवाती जिंदगी == डॉ. शर्मा का जनम 10 अक्टूबर 1912 का [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचागांव सानी मा भा रहै उइ अपन प्रारंभिक शिक्षा अपने पैतृक गाँव अउर झांसी मा प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय गें अउ सन् 1934 मा मास्टर ऑफ आर्ट्स के डिग्री साथै साथ 1938 मा अंग्रेजी साहित्य मा डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कार्यकाल == उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा अपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि, अउ फिर बलवंत राजपूत कॉलेज, [[आगरा]] मा [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]] विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा नियुक्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ अंत मा केएम हिंदी संस्थान, [[आगरा]] के निदेशक के पद ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> मूल रूप ते उइ एक आलोचक रहैं । उइ जीवनी-ऐतिहासिक आलोचना का नया आयाम दीन्हेनि, साथै मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण ते भाषाई अउर साहित्यिक मुद्दन का विश्लेषण कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> शर्माजी का देहावसान 30 मई 2000 का होइ गा। == काम == निराला के ''राम की शक्ति पूजा'', ''तुलसीदास'', ''सरोज-स्मृति'' अउर ''परिमल'' का उनकर अध्ययन रचनात्मक आलोचना के एक आदर्श है। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> अपने ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (3 भाग मा) के लिए उ १९७० मा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार जीतिन। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके विशाल काम ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' ने उन्हें केके बिड़ला फाउंडेशन द्वारा स्थापित पहला व्यास सम्मान (1991) जीता। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उ विचार अऊर कर्म दुइनौ मा समाजवादी रहे। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|editor-last=George|editor-first=K.M.}}</ref> [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] लेखकन मा जे ओनका सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित किहिन, कवि निराला के अलावा, आचार्य शुक्ल आलोचक, भारतेंदु अग्रदूत अऊर [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] उपन्यासकार हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उ विस्तृत अध्ययन के लिए ओनका उठाइन अऊर ओनके ऊपर प्रामाणिक साहित्यिक आलोचना लिखिन, हालांकि प्रगतिशील कोण से। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> इनके व्यक्तित्व का विश्लेषण किहिन औ हिन्दी साहित्य मा इनके योगदान का सामने लायेन । <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके अनुसार भारतेंदु हरिशचंद्र, [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] अऊर निराला न केवल साहित्यकार के रूप मा बल्कि आत्मा के उदारता से संपन्न मनई के रूप मा भी उत्कृष्ट हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> === आचार्य शुक्ल के समीक्षा === आचार्य शुक्ल ( ''आचार्य रामचन्द्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' ) की अपनी समीक्षा मा आलोचक शर्मा ई तथ्य पर जोर देत हैं कि लेखक सामंती अउर दरबारी साहित्य का विरोध किहिन काहे से कि ई आम जनता अऊर समकालीन समाज के जीवन के सही तस्वीर नाहीं देत रहा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> == कामन के सूची == * ''भारतीय साहित्य कि भूमिका'' * ''निराला कि साहित्य साधना'' (३ खंड) * ''प्रेमचंद अउर उनका युग'' * ''आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' * ''भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र और हिन्दी नवजागरण कि समस्यायें'' * ''भारतेंदु युग और हिंदी भाषा कि विकास परमपारा'' * ''महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और हिंदी नवजागरण'' * ''नई कविता और अस्तिवाद'' * ''भारत कि भाषा समस्या'' * ''आस्था अउर सौंदर्य'' * ''भाषा और समाज'' * ''परमपारा का मूल्यांकन'' * ''भारत में अंगराजी राज और मार्क्सवाद'' (2 खंड) * ''मार्क्स और पिछड़े हुए समाज'' * ''घर कि बात'' * ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' (3 खंड) * ''धूल'' * ''अइतिहासिक भाषाविज्ञान और हिंदी'' * ''प्रगति अउर परमपारा'' == यहौ द्याखौ == * भारतीय साहित्यकारन कै सूची == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} 3gay9dlygou275v30xzsoy5yxg6uw2l 35454 35453 2026-07-08T14:14:42Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = रामविलास शर्मा | image = | image_size = | caption = | honorific_suffix = | birth_date = [[१० अक्टूबर]], [[१९१२]] | birth_place = ऊँचगाँव सानी, [[उन्नाव जिला]],<br /> [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | death_date = ३० मई [[२०००]]<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2000/rmay2000/r30052000.html प्रेस सूचना ब्यूरो रिलीज़]। मार्च २०००</ref> | death_place=दिल्ली | occupation = [[हिन्दी भाषा]] | nationality = भारतीय | language = हिन्दी | period = आधुनिक | genre = आलोचना, विवेचना, कविता | subject = आलोचना, भाषाविज्ञान, इतिहास, संस्कृति, आत्मकथा | movement = प्रगतिशील | notableworks = | प्रभाव = <!--यह लेखक किससे प्रभावित होता है--> | प्रभावित = <!--यह लेखक किसको प्रभावित करता है--> | signature = | website = | module = | मुख्य काम = }} '''राम विलास शर्मा''' (10 अक्टूबर 1912 - 30 मई 2000) एक प्रगतिशील साहित्यिक आलोचक, भाषाविद, [[कवि]] औ विचारक रहैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}</ref> उनका जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेश के]] उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचगांव सानी गाँव मा भा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> लगभग पाँच दशक तक फइले अपने कार्यकाल मा, शर्मा जी 50 ते अधिक किताबैं लिखिन। उनका साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार, भारत भारती पुरस्कार , शलाका सम्मान, व्यास सम्मान (1991, पहिल प्राप्तकर्ता), अउ शताब्दी सम्मान सहित कइयो पुरस्कारन ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। १९३९ मा उइ सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' पर एक विद्वतापूर्ण पत्र लिखिन, जेहिका ''हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन'' के एक सत्र मा प्रस्तुत कीन गा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Indian literature|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref> == सुरुवाती जिंदगी == डॉ. शर्मा का जनम 10 अक्टूबर 1912 का [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचागांव सानी मा भा रहै उइ अपन प्रारंभिक शिक्षा अपने पैतृक गाँव अउर झांसी मा प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय गें अउ सन् 1934 मा मास्टर ऑफ आर्ट्स के डिग्री साथै साथ 1938 मा अंग्रेजी साहित्य मा डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कार्यकाल == उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा अपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि, अउ फिर बलवंत राजपूत कॉलेज, [[आगरा]] मा [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]] विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा नियुक्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ अंत मा केएम हिंदी संस्थान, [[आगरा]] के निदेशक के पद ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> मूल रूप ते उइ एक आलोचक रहैं । उइ जीवनी-ऐतिहासिक आलोचना का नया आयाम दीन्हेनि, साथै मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण ते भाषाई अउर साहित्यिक मुद्दन का विश्लेषण कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> शर्माजी का देहावसान 30 मई 2000 का होइ गा। == काम == निराला के ''राम की शक्ति पूजा'', ''तुलसीदास'', ''सरोज-स्मृति'' अउर ''परिमल'' पर उनका अध्ययन रचनात्मक आलोचना के क्षेत्र मा एक मानदण्ड है। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> अपने ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (3 भाग मा) के खातिन उनका १९७० मा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके विस्तृत काम ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' पर उनका केके बिड़ला फाउंडेशन द्वारा स्थापित पहिल व्यास सम्मान (1991) प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उइ विचार अउर कर्म दूनौ मा समाजवादी रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|editor-last=George|editor-first=K.M.}}</ref> [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] लेखकन मा उनका सबते ज्यादा प्रभावित कीन्हेनि, कवि निराला, आचार्य शुक्ल, भारतेंदु अउर [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]]। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ इनकी रचनन पर विस्तृत अध्ययन कइके उनके ऊपर प्रगतिशील कोण ते प्रामाणिक साहित्यिक आलोचना लिखिन।<ref name="Lal 1992 820" /><ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके अनुसार भारतेंदु हरिशचंद्र, [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] अउर निराला न केवल साहित्यकार के रूप मा बल्कि आत्मा की उदारता ते संपन्न मनई के रूप मा भी उत्कृष्ट हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कामन के सूची == * ''भारतीय साहित्य कि भूमिका'' * ''निराला कि साहित्य साधना'' (३ खंड) * ''प्रेमचंद अउर उनका युग'' * ''आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' * ''भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र और हिन्दी नवजागरण कि समस्यायें'' * ''भारतेंदु युग और हिंदी भाषा कि विकास परमपारा'' * ''महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और हिंदी नवजागरण'' * ''नई कविता और अस्तिवाद'' * ''भारत कि भाषा समस्या'' * ''आस्था अउर सौंदर्य'' * ''भाषा और समाज'' * ''परमपारा का मूल्यांकन'' * ''भारत में अंगराजी राज और मार्क्सवाद'' (2 खंड) * ''मार्क्स और पिछड़े हुए समाज'' * ''घर कि बात'' * ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' (3 खंड) * ''धूल'' * ''अइतिहासिक भाषाविज्ञान और हिंदी'' * ''प्रगति अउर परमपारा'' == यहौ द्याखौ == * भारतीय साहित्यकारन कै सूची == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} rbj66f8jku1z38chcqigaxl6ifyridt 35455 35454 2026-07-08T14:18:50Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 Fixed typo 35455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = रामविलास शर्मा | image = | image_size = | caption = | honorific_suffix = | birth_date = [[१० अक्टूबर]], [[१९१२]] | birth_place = ऊँचगाँव सानी, [[उन्नाव जिला]],<br /> [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | death_date = ३० मई [[२०००]]<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2000/rmay2000/r30052000.html प्रेस सूचना ब्यूरो रिलीज़]। मार्च २०००</ref> | death_place=दिल्ली | occupation = [[हिन्दी भाषा]] | nationality = भारतीय | language = हिन्दी | period = आधुनिक | genre = आलोचना, विवेचना, कविता | subject = आलोचना, भाषाविज्ञान, इतिहास, संस्कृति, आत्मकथा | movement = प्रगतिशील | notableworks = | प्रभाव = <!--यह लेखक किससे प्रभावित होता है--> | प्रभावित = <!--यह लेखक किसको प्रभावित करता है--> | signature = | website = | module = | मुख्य काम = }} '''राम विलास शर्मा''' (10 अक्टूबर 1912 - 30 मई 2000) एक प्रगतिशील साहित्यिक आलोचक, भाषाविद, [[कवि]] औ विचारक रहैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}</ref> उनका जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेश के]] उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचगांव सानी गाँव मा भा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> लगभग पाँच दशक तक फइले अपने कार्यकाल मा, शर्मा जी 50 ते अधिक किताबैं लिखिन। उनका साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार, भारत भारती पुरस्कार , शलाका सम्मान, व्यास सम्मान (1991, पहिल प्राप्तकर्ता), अउ शताब्दी सम्मान सहित कइयो पुरस्कारन ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। १९३९ मा उइ सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' पर एक विद्वतापूर्ण पत्र लिखिन, जेहिका ''हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन'' के एक सत्र मा प्रस्तुत कीन गा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Indian literature|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref> == सुरुवाती जिंदगी == डॉ. शर्मा का जनम 10 अक्टूबर 1912 का [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचागांव सानी मा भा रहै। उइ अपन प्रारंभिक शिक्षा अपने पैतृक गाँव अउर झांसी मा प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय गें अउ सन् 1934 मा मास्टर ऑफ आर्ट्स के डिग्री साथै साथ 1938 मा अंग्रेजी साहित्य मा डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कार्यकाल == उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा अपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि, अउ फिर बलवंत राजपूत कॉलेज, [[आगरा]] मा [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]] विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा नियुक्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ अंत मा केएम हिंदी संस्थान, [[आगरा]] के निदेशक के पद ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> मूल रूप ते उइ एक आलोचक रहैं । उइ जीवनी-ऐतिहासिक आलोचना का नया आयाम दीन्हेनि, साथै मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण ते भाषाई अउर साहित्यिक मुद्दन का विश्लेषण कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> शर्माजी का देहावसान 30 मई 2000 का होइ गा। == काम == निराला के ''राम की शक्ति पूजा'', ''तुलसीदास'', ''सरोज-स्मृति'' अउर ''परिमल'' पर उनका अध्ययन रचनात्मक आलोचना के क्षेत्र मा एक मानदण्ड है। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> अपने ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (3 भाग मा) के खातिन उनका १९७० मा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके विस्तृत काम ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' पर उनका केके बिड़ला फाउंडेशन द्वारा स्थापित पहिल व्यास सम्मान (1991) प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उइ विचार अउर कर्म दूनौ मा समाजवादी रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|editor-last=George|editor-first=K.M.}}</ref> [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] लेखकन मा उनका सबते ज्यादा प्रभावित कीन्हेनि, कवि निराला, आचार्य शुक्ल, भारतेंदु अउर [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]]। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ इनकी रचनन पर विस्तृत अध्ययन कइके उनके ऊपर प्रगतिशील कोण ते प्रामाणिक साहित्यिक आलोचना लिखिन।<ref name="Lal 1992 820" /><ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके अनुसार भारतेंदु हरिशचंद्र, [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] अउर निराला न केवल साहित्यकार के रूप मा बल्कि आत्मा की उदारता ते संपन्न मनई के रूप मा भी उत्कृष्ट हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कामन के सूची == * ''भारतीय साहित्य की भूमिका'' * ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (३ खंड) * ''प्रेमचंद और उनका युग'' * ''आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' * ''भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र और हिन्दी नवजागरण की समस्यायें'' * ''भारतेंदु युग और हिंदी भाषा की विकास परम्परा'' * ''महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और हिंदी नवजागरण'' * ''नई कविता और अस्तित्ववाद'' * ''भारत की भाषा समस्या'' * ''आस्था और सौंदर्य'' * ''भाषा और समाज'' * ''परंपरा का मूल्यांकन'' * ''भारत में अंग्रेजी राज और मार्क्सवाद'' (2 खंड) * ''मार्क्स और पिछड़े हुए समाज'' * ''घर की बात'' * ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' (3 खंड) * ''धूल'' * ''ऐतिहासिक भाषाविज्ञान और हिंदी'' * ''प्रगति और परम्परा'' == यहौ द्याखौ == * भारतीय साहित्यकारन कै सूची == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} cprd9mtjcxidqee7vnf9dqa5duiz1w8 35456 35455 2026-07-08T14:21:27Z Satviknarayantripathi 3168 35456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिंदी के प्रसिद्ध लेखक अउर आलोचक}} {{Infobox writer | name = रामविलास शर्मा | image = | image_size = | caption = | honorific_suffix = | birth_date = [[१० अक्टूबर]], [[१९१२]] | birth_place = ऊँचगाँव सानी, [[उन्नाव जिला]],<br /> [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | death_date = ३० मई [[२०००]]<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2000/rmay2000/r30052000.html प्रेस सूचना ब्यूरो रिलीज़]। मार्च २०००</ref> | death_place=दिल्ली | occupation = [[हिन्दी भाषा]] | nationality = भारतीय | language = हिन्दी | period = आधुनिक | genre = आलोचना, विवेचना, कविता | subject = आलोचना, भाषाविज्ञान, इतिहास, संस्कृति, आत्मकथा | movement = प्रगतिशील | notableworks = | प्रभाव = <!--यह लेखक किससे प्रभावित होता है--> | प्रभावित = <!--यह लेखक किसको प्रभावित करता है--> | signature = | website = | module = | मुख्य काम = }} '''राम विलास शर्मा''' (10 अक्टूबर 1912 - 30 मई 2000) एक प्रगतिशील साहित्यिक आलोचक, भाषाविद, [[कवि]] औ विचारक रहैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}</ref> उनका जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेश के]] उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचगांव सानी गाँव मा भा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> लगभग पाँच दशक तक फइले अपने कार्यकाल मा, शर्मा जी 50 ते अधिक किताबैं लिखिन। उनका साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार, भारत भारती पुरस्कार , शलाका सम्मान, व्यास सम्मान (1991, पहिल प्राप्तकर्ता), अउ शताब्दी सम्मान सहित कइयो पुरस्कारन ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। १९३९ मा उइ सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' पर एक विद्वतापूर्ण पत्र लिखिन, जेहिका ''हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन'' के एक सत्र मा प्रस्तुत कीन गा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Indian literature|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref> == सुरुवाती जिंदगी == डॉ. शर्मा का जनम 10 अक्टूबर 1912 का [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचागांव सानी मा भा रहै। उइ अपन प्रारंभिक शिक्षा अपने पैतृक गाँव अउर झांसी मा प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय गें अउ सन् 1934 मा मास्टर ऑफ आर्ट्स के डिग्री साथै साथ 1938 मा अंग्रेजी साहित्य मा डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कार्यकाल == उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा अपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि, अउ फिर बलवंत राजपूत कॉलेज, [[आगरा]] मा [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]] विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा नियुक्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ अंत मा केएम हिंदी संस्थान, [[आगरा]] के निदेशक के पद ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> मूल रूप ते उइ एक आलोचक रहैं । उइ जीवनी-ऐतिहासिक आलोचना का नया आयाम दीन्हेनि, साथै मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण ते भाषाई अउर साहित्यिक मुद्दन का विश्लेषण कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> शर्माजी का देहावसान 30 मई 2000 का होइ गा। == काम == निराला के ''राम की शक्ति पूजा'', ''तुलसीदास'', ''सरोज-स्मृति'' अउर ''परिमल'' पर उनका अध्ययन रचनात्मक आलोचना के क्षेत्र मा एक मानदण्ड है। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> अपने ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (3 भाग मा) के खातिन उनका १९७० मा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके विस्तृत काम ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' पर उनका केके बिड़ला फाउंडेशन द्वारा स्थापित पहिल व्यास सम्मान (1991) प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उइ विचार अउर कर्म दूनौ मा समाजवादी रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|editor-last=George|editor-first=K.M.}}</ref> [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] लेखकन मा उनका सबते ज्यादा प्रभावित कीन्हेनि, कवि निराला, आचार्य शुक्ल, भारतेंदु अउर [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]]। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ इनकी रचनन पर विस्तृत अध्ययन कइके उनके ऊपर प्रगतिशील कोण ते प्रामाणिक साहित्यिक आलोचना लिखिन।<ref name="Lal 1992 820" /><ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके अनुसार भारतेंदु हरिशचंद्र, [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] अउर निराला न केवल साहित्यकार के रूप मा बल्कि आत्मा की उदारता ते संपन्न मनई के रूप मा भी उत्कृष्ट हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कामन के सूची == * ''भारतीय साहित्य की भूमिका'' * ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (३ खंड) * ''प्रेमचंद और उनका युग'' * ''आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' * ''भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र और हिन्दी नवजागरण की समस्यायें'' * ''भारतेंदु युग और हिंदी भाषा की विकास परम्परा'' * ''महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और हिंदी नवजागरण'' * ''नई कविता और अस्तित्ववाद'' * ''भारत की भाषा समस्या'' * ''आस्था और सौंदर्य'' * ''भाषा और समाज'' * ''परंपरा का मूल्यांकन'' * ''भारत में अंग्रेजी राज और मार्क्सवाद'' (2 खंड) * ''मार्क्स और पिछड़े हुए समाज'' * ''घर की बात'' * ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' (3 खंड) * ''धूल'' * ''ऐतिहासिक भाषाविज्ञान और हिंदी'' * ''प्रगति और परम्परा'' == यहौ द्याखौ == * भारतीय साहित्यकारन कै सूची == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} gcsl2gyqgvzy0p6a396p4lfitxtst9b 35457 35456 2026-07-08T14:39:32Z Avimaarak 3578 35457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिंदी के प्रसिद्ध लेखक अउर आलोचक}} {{Infobox writer | name = रामविलास शर्मा | image = RVSharma.jpg | image_size = | caption = शिवपूजन सहाय के विषय मा ब्वालत डॉ. शर्मा | honorific_suffix = | birth_date = [[१० अक्टूबर]], [[१९१२]] | birth_place = ऊँचगाँव सानी, [[उन्नाव जिला]],<br /> [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | death_date = ३० मई [[२०००]]<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2000/rmay2000/r30052000.html प्रेस सूचना ब्यूरो रिलीज़]। मार्च २०००</ref> | death_place=दिल्ली | occupation = [[हिन्दी भाषा]] | nationality = भारतीय | language = हिन्दी | period = आधुनिक | genre = आलोचना, विवेचना, कविता | subject = आलोचना, भाषाविज्ञान, इतिहास, संस्कृति, आत्मकथा | movement = प्रगतिशील | notableworks = | प्रभाव = <!--यह लेखक किससे प्रभावित होता है--> | प्रभावित = <!--यह लेखक किसको प्रभावित करता है--> | signature = | website = | module = | मुख्य काम = }} '''राम विलास शर्मा''' (10 अक्टूबर 1912 - 30 मई 2000) एक प्रगतिशील साहित्यिक आलोचक, भाषाविद, [[कवि]] औ विचारक रहैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}</ref> उनका जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेश के]] उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचगांव सानी गाँव मा भा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> लगभग पाँच दशक तक फइले अपने कार्यकाल मा, शर्मा जी 50 ते अधिक किताबैं लिखिन। उनका साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार, भारत भारती पुरस्कार , शलाका सम्मान, व्यास सम्मान (1991, पहिल प्राप्तकर्ता), अउ शताब्दी सम्मान सहित कइयो पुरस्कारन ते सम्मानित कीन गा रहै। १९३९ मा उइ सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' पर एक विद्वतापूर्ण पत्र लिखिन, जेहिका ''हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन'' के एक सत्र मा प्रस्तुत कीन गा रहै। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Indian literature|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref> == सुरुवाती जिंदगी == डॉ. शर्मा का जनम 10 अक्टूबर 1912 का [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के उन्नाव जिला के ऊंचागांव सानी मा भा रहै। उइ अपन प्रारंभिक शिक्षा अपने पैतृक गाँव अउर झांसी मा प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय गें अउ सन् 1934 मा मास्टर ऑफ आर्ट्स के डिग्री साथै साथ 1938 मा अंग्रेजी साहित्य मा डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कार्यकाल == उइ लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय मा व्याख्याता के रूप मा अपन कार्य शुरू कीन्हेनि, अउ फिर बलवंत राजपूत कॉलेज, [[आगरा]] मा [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]] विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप मा नियुक्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ अंत मा केएम हिंदी संस्थान, [[आगरा]] के निदेशक के पद ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> मूल रूप ते उइ एक आलोचक रहैं । उइ जीवनी-ऐतिहासिक आलोचना का नया आयाम दीन्हेनि, साथै मार्क्सवादी दृष्टिकोण ते भाषाई अउर साहित्यिक मुद्दन का विश्लेषण कीन्हेनि। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> शर्माजी का देहावसान 30 मई 2000 का होइ गा। == काम == निराला के ''राम की शक्ति पूजा'', ''तुलसीदास'', ''सरोज-स्मृति'' अउर ''परिमल'' पर उनका अध्ययन रचनात्मक आलोचना के क्षेत्र मा एक मानदण्ड है। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> अपने ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (3 भाग मा) के खातिन उनका १९७० मा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके विस्तृत काम ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' पर उनका केके बिड़ला फाउंडेशन द्वारा स्थापित पहिल व्यास सम्मान (1991) प्रदान कीन गा। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उइ विचार अउर कर्म दूनौ मा समाजवादी रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|editor-last=George|editor-first=K.M.}}</ref> [[हिन्दी|हिंदी]] लेखकन मा उनका सबते ज्यादा प्रभावित कीन्हेनि, कवि निराला, आचार्य शुक्ल, भारतेंदु अउर [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]]। <ref name="Lal 1992 820">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|last=Lal|first=Mohan|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=820}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLal1992">Lal, Mohan (1992). ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. p.&nbsp;820. [[आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1221-3|<bdi>978-81-260-1221-3</bdi>]].</cite></ref> उइ इनकी रचनन पर विस्तृत अध्ययन कइके उनके ऊपर प्रगतिशील कोण ते प्रामाणिक साहित्यिक आलोचना लिखिन।<ref name="Lal 1992 820" /><ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> उनके अनुसार भारतेंदु हरिशचंद्र, [[प्रेमचन्द|प्रेमचंद]] अउर निराला न केवल साहित्यकार के रूप मा बल्कि आत्मा की उदारता ते संपन्न मनई के रूप मा भी उत्कृष्ट हैं। <ref name="Lal 1992 820" /> == कामन के सूची == * ''भारतीय साहित्य की भूमिका'' * ''निराला की साहित्य साधना'' (३ खंड) * ''प्रेमचंद और उनका युग'' * ''आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल और हिंदी आलोचना'' * ''भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र और हिन्दी नवजागरण की समस्यायें'' * ''भारतेंदु युग और हिंदी भाषा की विकास परम्परा'' * ''महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और हिंदी नवजागरण'' * ''नई कविता और अस्तित्ववाद'' * ''भारत की भाषा समस्या'' * ''आस्था और सौंदर्य'' * ''भाषा और समाज'' * ''परंपरा का मूल्यांकन'' * ''भारत में अंग्रेजी राज और मार्क्सवाद'' (2 खंड) * ''मार्क्स और पिछड़े हुए समाज'' * ''घर की बात'' * ''भारत के प्राचीन भाषा परिवार और हिंदी'' (3 खंड) * ''धूल'' * ''ऐतिहासिक भाषाविज्ञान और हिंदी'' * ''प्रगति और परम्परा'' == यहौ द्याखौ == * भारतीय साहित्यकारन कै सूची == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} j1sz4tueaa0a0bco6xb2c90csbnvmn5 0 9881 35458 2026-07-08T14:59:47Z Avimaarak 3578 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362324318|Ram Vilas Paswan]]" पन्ना कै अनुवाद कइके बनवा गा 35458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''राम विलास पासवान''' (5 जुलाई 1946  8 अक्टूबर 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2020 |title=Ram Vilas Paswan, Dalit face at the Centre, dies after long innings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215021817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[बिहार]] के एक भारतीय राजनेता रहैं। उइ पहिले अउर दुसरे मोदी मंत्रालय मा उपभोक्ता मामलन, खाद्य अउर सार्वजनिक वितरण के कैबिनेट मंत्री रहैं। पासवान लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी के अध्यक्ष, नौ बार लोकसभा सदस्य अउर दुइ बार राज्यसभा सांसदौ रहें। उइ अपन राजनीतिक करियर संयुक्त सोशलिस्ट पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा शुरू किहिन अऊर 1969 मा बिहार विधान सभा के सदस्य चुने गें। पासवान 1974 मा लोकदल के गठन होए के बाद वहिमा शामिल होइ गें, अउर वहिके महासचिव बनें। उइ आपातकाल का विरोध कीन्हेनि, अउर यहि अवधि के दौरान गिरफ्तारौ कीन गें। उइ पहिली बार 1977 मा हाजीपुर निर्वाचन क्षेत्र से जनता पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा लोकसभा मा चुने गे रहैं, अउर 1980, 1989, 1991 ( रोसेरा से), 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 अउर 2014 के चुनावन मा फिर से निर्वाचित होत रहें। <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ram Vilas Paswan {{!}} Indian politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918072529/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> पासवान 2000 मा लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी (लोजपा) बनाइन अउर वहिके अध्यक्ष बनें। बादि मा, 2004 मा, उइ सत्तारूढ़ संयुक्त प्रगतिशील गठबंधन सरकार मा शामिल भें अउर रसायन अउर उर्वरक मंत्रालय तथा [[इस्पात मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार|इस्पात मंत्रालय]] मा केंद्रीय मंत्री रहें। उनका मरणोपरांत 2021 मा भारत के तीसरे सबते बड़े नागरिक पुरस्कार पद्म भूषण ते सम्मानित कीन गा। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125161945/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref> सात सरकारन के भीतर कैबिनेट पदन पर रहै खातिन जाने जाए वाले पासवान का भारतीय राजनीति के मौसम वैज्ञानिक के रूप मा जाना जात रहै। 2024 तक, उनका सबते लंबे समय तक सेवारत केंद्रीय मंत्री का रिकार्ड है जी [[भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस पार्टी|भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] के सदस्य नही रहें। == प्रारंभिक जीवन अउर शिक्षा == === लोकसभा === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Party !Votes !% !Opponent ! colspan="2" |<small>Opponent Party</small> !<small>Opponent Votes</small> !% !<small>Result</small> !Margin !% |- !2014 | rowspan="6" |Hajipur | {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=3}} |455,652 |50.31 |<small>Sanjeev Prasad Toni</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |230,152 |25.41 | {{Yes2|Won}} |225,500 |24.9 |- !2009 |208,761 |37.61 |<small>Ram Sundar Das</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|rowspan=2}} |246,715 |44.44 | {{No2|Lost}} | -37,954 | -6.83 |- !2004 |477,495 |61.72 |<small>Chhedi Paswan</small> |239,694 |30.98 | {{Yes2|Won}} |237,801 |30.74 |- !1999 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}} |434,609 |55.75 |<small>Ramai Ram</small> | {{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |329,105 |42.21 | {{Yes2|Won}} |105,504 |13.54 |- !1998 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=4}} |486,350 |60.58 | rowspan="2" |<small>Ram Sundar Das</small> | {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}} |308,789 |38.46 | {{Yes2|Won}} |177,561 |22.12 |- !1996 |387,781 |51.59 | {{Party name with color|Samata Party|shortname=SAP}} |341,550 |45.44 | {{Yes2|Won}} |46,231 |6.15 |- !1991 |Rosera |373,710 |62.3 |<small>Ashok Kumar</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |113,226 |18.88 | {{Yes2|Won}} |260,484 |43.42 |- !1989 | rowspan="4" |Hajipur |615,219 |84.08 |<small>Mahabir Paswan</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}} |110,681 |15.13 | {{Yes2|Won}} |504,538 |68.95 |- !1984 | {{Party name with color|Lok Dal}} |263,509 |44.89 |<small>Ram Ratan Ram</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |314,725 |53.61 | {{No2|Lost}} | -51,216 | -8.72 |- !1980 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)}} |266,428 |57.77 |<small>Medni Paswan</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |120,589 |26.15 | {{Yes2|Won}} |145,839 |31.62 |- !1977 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |469,007 |89.3 |<small>Baleshwar Ram</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |44,462 |8.47 | {{Yes2|Won}} |424,545 |80.83 |} === राज्य सभा === {| class="wikitable sortable" !पद ! colspan="2" | दल ! <small>निर्वाचन क्षेत्र</small> ! तेने ! क ! कार्यकाल |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(पहिला कार्यकाल)</small>| {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=2}} | rowspan="2" | [[बिहार]] | <small>8 जुलाई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2010 | <small>16 मई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2014 | ''' 3 साल, 312 दिन''' |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(दूसरा कार्यकाल)</small> | <small>29 जून</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2019 | <small>8 अक्टूबर</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2020 | ''' 1 साल, 101 दिन''' |} == मृत्यु == पासवान का निधन 8 अक्टूबर 2020 का भा, यहिकी पुष्टि उनके लरिका, चिराग पासवान किहिन। पासवान के दिल के सर्जरी भै रहै। उइ निधन ते पहिले कुछ हफ्ता तक अस्पताल मा भर्ती रहे रहैं। पासवान का अंतिम संस्कार 10 अक्टूबर 2020 का पटना मा कीन गा रहै। उनका पार्थिव शरीर श्री कृष्ण पुरी स्थित निवास ते लगभग 3&nbsp;किमी दूर दीघा मोहल्ले के जनार्दन घाट मा अंतिम संस्कार खातिन लावा गा रहै। [[फाइल:Politicians_campaing_in_Mumbai_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|अंगूठाकार|पासवान लालू प्रसाद यादव (मध्य) अउर अमर सिंह (बाएं) के साथे 2009 के आम चुनाव के दौरान [[मुम्बई|मुंबई]] मा एक पार्टी रैली मा।]] प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी पासवान के दिल्ली आवास पर नमन करै गें। साथै, वरिष्ठ नेता अउर उत्तर प्रदेश के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री, मुलायम सिंह यादव उनका श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित कीन्हेनि। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} b6ywxym7ygttee5sq2vd7xxrf145odq 35459 35458 2026-07-08T15:02:41Z Avimaarak 3578 35459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = राम विलास पासवान | image = Ram Vilas Paswan (cropped).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = 2017 मा पासवान | birth_date = {{birth date|1946|07|05|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Khagaria]], [[Bihar Province|Bihar]], [[British Raj|British India]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|10|08|1946|07|05|df=y}} | death_place = [[New Delhi]], Delhi, India | office = [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]] | prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]] | term_start = 26 May 2014 | term_end = 8 October 2020 | predecessor = [[Sharad Pawar]] | successor = [[Piyush Goyal]] | office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] | term_start1 = 28 June 2019 | term_end1 = 8 October 2020 | constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] | predecessor1 = [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] | successor1 = [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] | term_start2 = 8 July 2010<ref name= rajyasabha>{{cite web|title=Rajya Sabha members|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]], New Delhi and Rajya Sabha|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529070559/http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> | term_end2 = 16 May 2014 | constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | office3 = [[Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)|Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | term_start3 = 23 May 2004 | term_end3 = 22 May 2009 | prime_minister3 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] | predecessor3 = [[Sunder Lal Patwa]] | successor3 = [[M. K. Alagiri]] | office4 = [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Union Minister of Steel]] | term_start4 = 23 May 2004 | term_end4 = 22 May 2009 | prime_minister4 = Manmohan Singh | predecessor4 = [[Braja Kishore Tripathy]] | successor4 = [[Virbhadra Singh]] | office5 = [[Minister of Mines (India)|Union Minister of Mines]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | term_start5 = 1 September 2001 | term_end5 = 29 April 2002 | prime_minister5 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | predecessor5 = Sunder Lal Patwa | successor5 = [[Uma Bharti]] | office6 = [[Minister of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Union Minister of Communications and Information Technology]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | prime_minister6 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | term_start6 = 13 October 1999 | term_end6 = 1 September 2001 | predecessor6 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | successor6 = [[Pramod Mahajan]] | office7 = [[Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)|Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]] | term_start7 = 4 June 1996 | term_end7 = 4 December 1997 | prime_minister7 = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br />[[Inder Kumar Gujral]] | predecessor7 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | successor7 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | office8 = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Union Minister of Railways]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html |title=List of Minister of Railways of India on Indian Railways Fan Club website |publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529082342/http://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | prime_minister8 = H. D. Deve Gowda<br />Inder Kumar Gujral | term_start8 = 1 June 1996 | term_end8 = 19 March 1998 | predecessor8 = [[C. K. Jaffer Sheriff]] | successor8 = [[Nitish Kumar]] | office9 = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Union Minister of Labour]] | prime_minister9 = [[V. P. Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] | term_start9 = 5 December 1989 | term_end9 = 10 November 1990 | predecessor9 = [[Bindeshwari Dubey]] | successor9 = [[K. Chandrasekhar Rao]] | office10 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]] | term_start10 = 16 May 2014 | term_end10 = 23 May 2019 | constituency10 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor10 = [[Ram Sundar Das]] | successor10 = [[Pashupati Kumar Paras]] | term_start11 = 10 May 1996 | term_end11 = 16 May 2009 | constituency11 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor11 = Ram Sundar Das | successor11 = Ram Sundar Das | term_start12 = 22 June 1991 | term_end12 = 12 May 1996 | constituency12 = [[Rosera (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rosera, Bihar]] | predecessor12 = [[Dasai Chowdhary]] | successor12 = [[Pitambar Paswan]] | term_start13 = 28 November 1989 | term_end13 = 21 June 1991 | constituency13 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor13 = [[Ram Ratan Ram]] | successor13 = Ram Sundar Das | term_start14 = 22 March 1977 | term_end14 = 28 December 1984 | constituency14 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor14 = [[Ramshekhar Prasad Singh]] | successor14 = Ram Ratan Ram | office15 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] | constituency15 = [[Alauli Assembly constituency|Alauli]] | term_start15 = {{start date|1969}} | term_end15 = {{end date|1972}} | predecessor15 = Mishri Sada | successor15 = Mishri Sada | party = [[Lok Janshakti Party]] | other_party = {{ubl|[[Janata Dal]]|[[Janata Party]]}} | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2021; posthumously) | spouse = {{plainlist| {{marriage|Rajkumari Devi|1969|1981|end=divorce}} {{marriage|Reena Sharma|1983|2020}}}} | children = 4 (including [[Chirag Paswan]]) | education = | alma_mater = [[Patna University]] ([[Master of Arts|M.A]], [[LL.B]]) | website = | footnotes = | date = 30 May | year = 2019 | source = https://web.archive.org/web/20060619230245/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=296 }} '''राम विलास पासवान''' (5 जुलाई 1946  8 अक्टूबर 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2020 |title=Ram Vilas Paswan, Dalit face at the Centre, dies after long innings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215021817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[बिहार]] के एक भारतीय राजनेता रहैं। उइ पहिले अउर दुसरे मोदी मंत्रालय मा उपभोक्ता मामलन, खाद्य अउर सार्वजनिक वितरण के कैबिनेट मंत्री रहैं। पासवान लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी के अध्यक्ष, नौ बार लोकसभा सदस्य अउर दुइ बार राज्यसभा सांसदौ रहें। उइ अपन राजनीतिक करियर संयुक्त सोशलिस्ट पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा शुरू किहिन अऊर 1969 मा बिहार विधान सभा के सदस्य चुने गें। पासवान 1974 मा लोकदल के गठन होए के बाद वहिमा शामिल होइ गें, अउर वहिके महासचिव बनें। उइ आपातकाल का विरोध कीन्हेनि, अउर यहि अवधि के दौरान गिरफ्तारौ कीन गें। उइ पहिली बार 1977 मा हाजीपुर निर्वाचन क्षेत्र से जनता पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा लोकसभा मा चुने गे रहैं, अउर 1980, 1989, 1991 ( रोसेरा से), 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 अउर 2014 के चुनावन मा फिर से निर्वाचित होत रहें। <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ram Vilas Paswan {{!}} Indian politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918072529/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> पासवान 2000 मा लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी (लोजपा) बनाइन अउर वहिके अध्यक्ष बनें। बादि मा, 2004 मा, उइ सत्तारूढ़ संयुक्त प्रगतिशील गठबंधन सरकार मा शामिल भें अउर रसायन अउर उर्वरक मंत्रालय तथा [[इस्पात मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार|इस्पात मंत्रालय]] मा केंद्रीय मंत्री रहें। उनका मरणोपरांत 2021 मा भारत के तीसरे सबते बड़े नागरिक पुरस्कार पद्म भूषण ते सम्मानित कीन गा। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125161945/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref> सात सरकारन के भीतर कैबिनेट पदन पर रहै खातिन जाने जाए वाले पासवान का भारतीय राजनीति के मौसम वैज्ञानिक के रूप मा जाना जात रहै। 2024 तक, उनका सबते लंबे समय तक सेवारत केंद्रीय मंत्री का रिकार्ड है जी [[भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस पार्टी|भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] के सदस्य नही रहें। == प्रारंभिक जीवन अउर शिक्षा == === लोकसभा === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Party !Votes !% !Opponent ! colspan="2" |<small>Opponent Party</small> !<small>Opponent Votes</small> !% !<small>Result</small> !Margin !% |- !2014 | rowspan="6" |Hajipur | {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=3}} |455,652 |50.31 |<small>Sanjeev Prasad Toni</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |230,152 |25.41 | {{Yes2|Won}} |225,500 |24.9 |- !2009 |208,761 |37.61 |<small>Ram Sundar Das</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|rowspan=2}} |246,715 |44.44 | {{No2|Lost}} | -37,954 | -6.83 |- !2004 |477,495 |61.72 |<small>Chhedi Paswan</small> |239,694 |30.98 | {{Yes2|Won}} |237,801 |30.74 |- !1999 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}} |434,609 |55.75 |<small>Ramai Ram</small> | {{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |329,105 |42.21 | {{Yes2|Won}} |105,504 |13.54 |- !1998 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=4}} |486,350 |60.58 | rowspan="2" |<small>Ram Sundar Das</small> | {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}} |308,789 |38.46 | {{Yes2|Won}} |177,561 |22.12 |- !1996 |387,781 |51.59 | {{Party name with color|Samata Party|shortname=SAP}} |341,550 |45.44 | {{Yes2|Won}} |46,231 |6.15 |- !1991 |Rosera |373,710 |62.3 |<small>Ashok Kumar</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |113,226 |18.88 | {{Yes2|Won}} |260,484 |43.42 |- !1989 | rowspan="4" |Hajipur |615,219 |84.08 |<small>Mahabir Paswan</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}} |110,681 |15.13 | {{Yes2|Won}} |504,538 |68.95 |- !1984 | {{Party name with color|Lok Dal}} |263,509 |44.89 |<small>Ram Ratan Ram</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |314,725 |53.61 | {{No2|Lost}} | -51,216 | -8.72 |- !1980 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)}} |266,428 |57.77 |<small>Medni Paswan</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |120,589 |26.15 | {{Yes2|Won}} |145,839 |31.62 |- !1977 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |469,007 |89.3 |<small>Baleshwar Ram</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |44,462 |8.47 | {{Yes2|Won}} |424,545 |80.83 |} === राज्य सभा === {| class="wikitable sortable" !पद ! colspan="2" | दल ! <small>निर्वाचन क्षेत्र</small> ! तेने ! क ! कार्यकाल |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(पहिला कार्यकाल)</small>| {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=2}} | rowspan="2" | [[बिहार]] | <small>8 जुलाई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2010 | <small>16 मई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2014 | ''' 3 साल, 312 दिन''' |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(दूसरा कार्यकाल)</small> | <small>29 जून</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2019 | <small>8 अक्टूबर</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2020 | ''' 1 साल, 101 दिन''' |} == मृत्यु == पासवान का निधन 8 अक्टूबर 2020 का भा, यहिकी पुष्टि उनके लरिका, चिराग पासवान किहिन। पासवान के दिल के सर्जरी भै रहै। उइ निधन ते पहिले कुछ हफ्ता तक अस्पताल मा भर्ती रहे रहैं। पासवान का अंतिम संस्कार 10 अक्टूबर 2020 का पटना मा कीन गा रहै। उनका पार्थिव शरीर श्री कृष्ण पुरी स्थित निवास ते लगभग 3&nbsp;किमी दूर दीघा मोहल्ले के जनार्दन घाट मा अंतिम संस्कार खातिन लावा गा रहै। [[फाइल:Politicians_campaing_in_Mumbai_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|अंगूठाकार|पासवान लालू प्रसाद यादव (मध्य) अउर अमर सिंह (बाएं) के साथे 2009 के आम चुनाव के दौरान [[मुम्बई|मुंबई]] मा एक पार्टी रैली मा।]] प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी पासवान के दिल्ली आवास पर नमन करै गें। साथै, वरिष्ठ नेता अउर उत्तर प्रदेश के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री, मुलायम सिंह यादव उनका श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित कीन्हेनि। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} j2augi9n1ugok5eegivxjhzxgwfh8f3 35484 35459 2026-07-08T17:03:37Z Avimaarak 3578 35484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = राम विलास पासवान | image = Ram Vilas Paswan (cropped).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = 2017 मा पासवान | birth_date = {{birth date|1946|07|05|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Khagaria]], [[Bihar Province|Bihar]], [[British Raj|British India]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|10|08|1946|07|05|df=y}} | death_place = [[New Delhi]], Delhi, India | office = [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]] | prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]] | term_start = 26 May 2014 | term_end = 8 October 2020 | predecessor = [[Sharad Pawar]] | successor = [[Piyush Goyal]] | office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] | term_start1 = 28 June 2019 | term_end1 = 8 October 2020 | constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] | predecessor1 = [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] | successor1 = [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] | term_start2 = 8 July 2010<ref name= rajyasabha>{{cite web|title=Rajya Sabha members|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]], New Delhi and Rajya Sabha|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529070559/http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> | term_end2 = 16 May 2014 | constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | office3 = [[Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)|Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | term_start3 = 23 May 2004 | term_end3 = 22 May 2009 | prime_minister3 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] | predecessor3 = [[Sunder Lal Patwa]] | successor3 = [[M. K. Alagiri]] | office4 = [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Union Minister of Steel]] | term_start4 = 23 May 2004 | term_end4 = 22 May 2009 | prime_minister4 = Manmohan Singh | predecessor4 = [[Braja Kishore Tripathy]] | successor4 = [[Virbhadra Singh]] | office5 = [[Minister of Mines (India)|Union Minister of Mines]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | term_start5 = 1 September 2001 | term_end5 = 29 April 2002 | prime_minister5 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | predecessor5 = Sunder Lal Patwa | successor5 = [[Uma Bharti]] | office6 = [[Minister of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Union Minister of Communications and Information Technology]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | prime_minister6 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | term_start6 = 13 October 1999 | term_end6 = 1 September 2001 | predecessor6 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | successor6 = [[Pramod Mahajan]] | office7 = [[Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)|Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]] | term_start7 = 4 June 1996 | term_end7 = 4 December 1997 | prime_minister7 = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br />[[Inder Kumar Gujral]] | predecessor7 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | successor7 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | office8 = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Union Minister of Railways]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html |title=List of Minister of Railways of India on Indian Railways Fan Club website |publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529082342/http://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | prime_minister8 = H. D. Deve Gowda<br />Inder Kumar Gujral | term_start8 = 1 June 1996 | term_end8 = 19 March 1998 | predecessor8 = [[C. K. Jaffer Sheriff]] | successor8 = [[Nitish Kumar]] | office9 = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Union Minister of Labour]] | prime_minister9 = [[V. P. Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] | term_start9 = 5 December 1989 | term_end9 = 10 November 1990 | predecessor9 = [[Bindeshwari Dubey]] | successor9 = [[K. Chandrasekhar Rao]] | office10 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]] | term_start10 = 16 May 2014 | term_end10 = 23 May 2019 | constituency10 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor10 = [[Ram Sundar Das]] | successor10 = [[Pashupati Kumar Paras]] | term_start11 = 10 May 1996 | term_end11 = 16 May 2009 | constituency11 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor11 = Ram Sundar Das | successor11 = Ram Sundar Das | term_start12 = 22 June 1991 | term_end12 = 12 May 1996 | constituency12 = [[Rosera (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rosera, Bihar]] | predecessor12 = [[Dasai Chowdhary]] | successor12 = [[Pitambar Paswan]] | term_start13 = 28 November 1989 | term_end13 = 21 June 1991 | constituency13 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor13 = [[Ram Ratan Ram]] | successor13 = Ram Sundar Das | term_start14 = 22 March 1977 | term_end14 = 28 December 1984 | constituency14 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur, Bihar]] | predecessor14 = [[Ramshekhar Prasad Singh]] | successor14 = Ram Ratan Ram | office15 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] | constituency15 = [[Alauli Assembly constituency|Alauli]] | term_start15 = {{start date|1969}} | term_end15 = {{end date|1972}} | predecessor15 = Mishri Sada | successor15 = Mishri Sada | party = [[Lok Janshakti Party]] | other_party = {{ubl|[[Janata Dal]]|[[Janata Party]]}} | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2021; posthumously) | spouse = {{plainlist| {{marriage|Rajkumari Devi|1969|1981|end=divorce}} {{marriage|Reena Sharma|1983|2020}}}} | children = 4 (including [[Chirag Paswan]]) | education = | alma_mater = [[Patna University]] ([[Master of Arts|M.A]], [[LL.B]]) | website = | footnotes = | date = 30 May | year = 2019 | source = https://web.archive.org/web/20060619230245/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=296 }} '''राम विलास पासवान''' (5 जुलाई 1946  8 अक्टूबर 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2020 |title=Ram Vilas Paswan, Dalit face at the Centre, dies after long innings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215021817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[बिहार]] के एक भारतीय राजनेता रहैं। उइ पहिले अउर दुसरे मोदी मंत्रालय मा उपभोक्ता मामलन, खाद्य अउर सार्वजनिक वितरण के कैबिनेट मंत्री रहैं। पासवान लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी के अध्यक्ष, नौ बार लोकसभा सदस्य अउर दुइ बार राज्यसभा सांसदौ रहें। उइ अपन राजनीतिक करियर संयुक्त सोशलिस्ट पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा शुरू किहिन अऊर 1969 मा बिहार विधान सभा के सदस्य चुने गें। पासवान 1974 मा लोकदल के गठन होए के बाद वहिमा शामिल होइ गें, अउर वहिके महासचिव बनें। उइ आपातकाल का विरोध कीन्हेनि, अउर यहि अवधि के दौरान गिरफ्तारौ कीन गें। उइ पहिली बार 1977 मा हाजीपुर निर्वाचन क्षेत्र से जनता पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा लोकसभा मा चुने गे रहैं, अउर 1980, 1989, 1991 ( रोसेरा से), 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 अउर 2014 के चुनावन मा फिर से निर्वाचित होत रहें। <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ram Vilas Paswan {{!}} Indian politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918072529/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> पासवान 2000 मा लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी (लोजपा) बनाइन अउर वहिके अध्यक्ष बनें। बादि मा, 2004 मा, उइ सत्तारूढ़ संयुक्त प्रगतिशील गठबंधन सरकार मा शामिल भें अउर रसायन अउर उर्वरक मंत्रालय तथा [[इस्पात मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार|इस्पात मंत्रालय]] मा केंद्रीय मंत्री रहें। उनका मरणोपरांत 2021 मा भारत के तीसरे सबते बड़े नागरिक पुरस्कार पद्म भूषण ते सम्मानित कीन गा। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125161945/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref> सात सरकारन के भीतर कैबिनेट पदन पर रहै खातिन जाने जाए वाले पासवान का भारतीय राजनीति के मौसम वैज्ञानिक के रूप मा जाना जात रहै। 2024 तक, उनका सबते लंबे समय तक सेवारत केंद्रीय मंत्री का रिकार्ड है जी [[भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस पार्टी|भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] के सदस्य नही रहें। == प्रारंभिक जीवन अउर शिक्षा == === लोकसभा === {| class="sortable wikitable" !साल !निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! colspan="2" |दल !मत !% !विरोधी ! colspan="2" |<small>विरोधी दल</small> !<small>विरोधी क मिले मत</small> !% !<small>परिणाम</small> !मार्जिन !% |- !2014 | rowspan="6" |हाजीपुर | {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=3}} |455,652 |50.31 |<small>संजीव प्रसाद टोनी</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |230,152 |25.41 | {{Yes|जीते}} |225,500 |24.9 |- !2009 |208,761 |37.61 |<small>राम सुंदर दास</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|rowspan=2}} |246,715 |44.44 | {{No|हारे}} | -37,954 | -6.83 |- !2004 |477,495 |61.72 |<small>छेदी पासवान</small> |239,694 |30.98 | {{Yes|जीते}} |237,801 |30.74 |- !1999 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}} |434,609 |55.75 |<small>रमई राम</small> | {{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |329,105 |42.21 | {{Yes|जीते}} |105,504 |13.54 |- !1998 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=4}} |486,350 |60.58 | rowspan="2" |<small>राम सुंदर दास</small> | {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}} |308,789 |38.46 | {{Yes|जीते}} |177,561 |22.12 |- !1996 |387,781 |51.59 | {{Party name with color|Samata Party|shortname=SAP}} |341,550 |45.44 | {{Yes|जीते}} |46,231 |6.15 |- !1991 |Rosera |373,710 |62.3 |<small>अशोक कुमार</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |113,226 |18.88 | {{Yes|जीते}} |260,484 |43.42 |- !1989 | rowspan="4" |Hajipur |615,219 |84.08 |<small>महाबीर पासवान</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}} |110,681 |15.13 | {{Yes|जीते}} |504,538 |68.95 |- !1984 | {{Party name with color|Lok Dal}} |263,509 |44.89 |<small>राम रतन राम</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |314,725 |53.61 | {{No|हारे}} | -51,216 | -8.72 |- !1980 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)}} |266,428 |57.77 |<small>मेदनी पासवान</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |120,589 |26.15 | {{Yes|जीते}} |145,839 |31.62 |- !1977 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |469,007 |89.3 |<small>बालेश्वर राम</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |44,462 |8.47 | {{Yes|जीते}} |424,545 |80.83 |} === राज्य सभा === {| class="wikitable sortable" !पद ! colspan="2" | दल ! <small>निर्वाचन क्षेत्र</small> ! तेने ! तक ! कार्यकाल |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><small>(पहिल कार्यकाल)</small> | {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=2}} | rowspan="2" | [[बिहार]] | <small>8 जुलाई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2010 | <small>16 मई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2014 | ''' 3 साल, 312 दिन''' |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><small>(दूसर कार्यकाल)</small> | <small>29 जून</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2019 | <small>8 अक्टूबर</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2020 | ''' 1 साल, 101 दिन''' |} == मृत्यु == पासवान का निधन 8 अक्टूबर 2020 का भा, यहिकी पुष्टि उनके लरिका, चिराग पासवान किहिन। पासवान के दिल के सर्जरी भै रहै। उइ निधन ते पहिले कुछ हफ्ता तक अस्पताल मा भर्ती रहे रहैं। पासवान का अंतिम संस्कार 10 अक्टूबर 2020 का पटना मा कीन गा रहै। उनका पार्थिव शरीर श्री कृष्ण पुरी स्थित निवास ते लगभग 3&nbsp;किमी दूर दीघा मोहल्ले के जनार्दन घाट मा अंतिम संस्कार खातिन लावा गा रहै। [[फाइल:Politicians_campaing_in_Mumbai_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|अंगूठाकार|पासवान लालू प्रसाद यादव (मध्य) अउर अमर सिंह (बाएं) के साथे 2009 के आम चुनाव के दौरान [[मुम्बई|मुंबई]] मा एक पार्टी रैली मा।]] प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी पासवान के दिल्ली आवास पर नमन करै गें। साथै, वरिष्ठ नेता अउर उत्तर प्रदेश के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री, मुलायम सिंह यादव उनका श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित कीन्हेनि। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} 6qzd5voem00kq6s5atrp2wkp32i3zph 35485 35484 2026-07-08T17:29:21Z Avimaarak 3578 35485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = राम विलास पासवान | image = Ram Vilas Paswan (cropped).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = 2017 मा पासवान | birth_date = {{birth date|1946|07|05|df=y}} | birth_place = [[खगड़िया]], [[बिहार प्रांत|बिहार]], [[ब्रिटिश राज|ब्रिटिश भारत]] | death_date = 8 अक्टूबर 2020 (उम्र 74) | death_place = [[नई दिल्ली]], दिल्ली, भारत | office = [[उपभोक्ता मामला, खाद्य अउर सार्वजनिक वितरण मंत्रालय|उपभोक्ता मामला, खाद्य अउर सार्वजनिक वितरण मंत्रालय]] | prime_minister = [[नरेंद्र मोदी]] | term_start = 26 मई 2014 | term_end = 8 अक्टूबर 2020 | predecessor = [[शरद पवार]] | successor = [[पीयूष गोयल]] | office1 = [[संसद सदस्य, राज्यसभा|संसद सदस्य]], [[राज्यसभा]] | term_start1 = 28 जून 2019 | term_end1 = 8 अक्टूबर 2020 | constituency1 = [[बिहार से राज्यसभा सदस्यों की सूची|बिहार]] | predecessor1 = [[रवि शंकर प्रसाद]] | successor1 = [[सुशील कुमार मोदी]] | term_start2 = 8 जुलाई 2010<ref name= rajyasabha>{{cite web|title=Rajya Sabha members|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]], New Delhi and Rajya Sabha|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529070559/http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> | term_end2 = 16 मई 2014 | constituency2 = [[बिहार से राज्यसभा सदस्यों की सूची|बिहार]] | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | office3 = [[रसायन अउर उर्वरक मंत्रालय, भारत|केंद्रीय रसायन अउर उर्वरक मंत्री]]<ref name= राज्यसभा /> | term_start3 = 23 मई 2004 | term_end3 = 22 मई 2009 | prime_minister3 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] | predecessor3 = [[सुंदर लाल पटवा]] | successor3 = [[एम. के. अलागिरी]] | office4 = [[इस्पात मंत्रालय, भारत|केंद्रीय इस्पात मंत्री]] | term_start4 = 23 मई 2004 | term_end4 = 22 मई 2009 | prime_minister4 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] | predecessor4 = [[ब्रज किशोर त्रिपाठी]] | successor4 = [[वीरभद्र सिंह]] | office5 = [[खनन मंत्रालय, भारत|केंद्रीय खनन मंत्री]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | term_start5 = 1 सितम्बर 2001 | term_end5 = 29 अप्रैल 2002 | prime_minister5 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | predecessor5 = [[सुंदर लाल पटवा]] | successor5 = [[उमा भारती]] | office6 = [[संचार अउर सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय, भारत|केंद्रीय संचार अउर सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्री]]<ref name= rajyasabha /> | prime_minister6 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | term_start6 = 13 अक्टूबर 1999 | term_end6 = 1 सितम्बर 2001 | predecessor6 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | successor6 = [[प्रमोद महाजन]] | office7 = [[लोकसभा मा सदन के नेता|लोकसभा मा सदन के नेता]] | term_start7 = 4 जून 1996 | term_end7 = 4 दिसम्बर 1997 | prime_minister7 = [[एच. डी. देवेगौड़ा]]<br />[[इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल]] | predecessor7 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | successor7 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | office8 = [[भारत के रेल मंत्री|केंद्रीय रेल मंत्री]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html |title=List of Minister of Railways of India on Indian Railways Fan Club website |publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529082342/http://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | prime_minister8 = [[एच. डी. देवेगौड़ा]]<br />[[इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल]] | term_start8 = 1 जून 1996 | term_end8 = 19 मार्च 1998 | predecessor8 = [[सी. के. जाफ़र शरीफ़]] | successor8 = [[नीतीश कुमार]] | office9 = [[श्रम एवं रोजगार मंत्रालय, भारत|केंद्रीय श्रम मंत्री]] | prime_minister9 = [[विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह]] | term_start9 = 5 दिसम्बर 1989 | term_end9 = 10 नवम्बर 1990 | predecessor9 = [[बिंदेश्वरी दुबे]] | successor9 = [[के. चंद्रशेखर राव]] | office10 = [[संसद सदस्य, लोकसभा|संसद सदस्य]], [[लोकसभा]] | term_start10 = 16 मई 2014 | term_end10 = 23 मई 2019 | constituency10 = [[हाजीपुर लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|हाजीपुर, बिहार]] | predecessor10 = [[राम सुंदर दास]] | successor10 = [[पशुपति कुमार पारस]] | term_start11 = 10 मई 1996 | term_end11 = 16 मई 2009 | constituency11 = [[हाजीपुर लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|हाजीपुर, बिहार]] | predecessor11 = [[राम सुंदर दास]] | successor11 = [[राम सुंदर दास]] | term_start12 = 22 जून 1991 | term_end12 = 12 मई 1996 | constituency12 = [[रोसेड़ा लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|रोसेड़ा, बिहार]] | predecessor12 = [[दशई चौधरी]] | successor12 = [[पीतांबर पासवान]] | term_start13 = 28 नवम्बर 1989 | term_end13 = 21 जून 1991 | constituency13 = [[हाजीपुर लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|हाजीपुर, बिहार]] | predecessor13 = [[राम रतन राम]] | successor13 = [[राम सुंदर दास]] | term_start14 = 22 मार्च 1977 | term_end14 = 28 दिसम्बर 1984 | constituency14 = [[हाजीपुर लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|हाजीपुर, बिहार]] | predecessor14 = [[रामशेखर प्रसाद सिंह]] | successor14 = [[राम रतन राम]] | office15 = [[बिहार विधानसभा|बिहार विधानसभा]] के [[विधायक|सदस्य]] | constituency15 = [[अलौली विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|अलौली]] | term_start15 = {{start date|1969}} | term_end15 = {{end date|1972}} | predecessor15 = मिश्री सदा | successor15 = मिश्री सदा | party = [[लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी]] | other_party = {{ubl|[[जनता दल]]|[[जनता पार्टी]]}} | awards = [[पद्म भूषण]] (2021; मरणोपरांत) | spouse = {{plainlist|{{marriage|राजकुमारी देवी|1969|1981|end=di.}} {{marriage|रीना शर्मा|1983}}}} | children = 4 ([[चिराग पासवान]] सहित) | education = | alma_mater = [[पटना विश्वविद्यालय]] ([[कला निष्णात|एम.ए.]], [[विधि स्नातक|एलएल.बी.]]) | website = | footnotes = | date = 30 मई | year = 2019 | source = https://web.archive.org/web/20060619230245/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=296 }} '''राम विलास पासवान''' (5 जुलाई 1946  8 अक्टूबर 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2020 |title=Ram Vilas Paswan, Dalit face at the Centre, dies after long innings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215021817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ram-vilas-paswan-dalit-face-at-the-centre-dies-after-long-innings/articleshow/78563578.cms |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[बिहार]] के एक भारतीय राजनेता रहैं। उइ पहिले अउर दुसरे मोदी मंत्रालय मा उपभोक्ता मामलन, खाद्य अउर सार्वजनिक वितरण के कैबिनेट मंत्री रहैं। पासवान लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी के अध्यक्ष, नौ बार लोकसभा सदस्य अउर दुइ बार राज्यसभा सांसदौ रहें। उइ अपन राजनीतिक करियर संयुक्त सोशलिस्ट पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा शुरू किहिन अऊर 1969 मा बिहार विधान सभा के सदस्य चुने गें। पासवान 1974 मा लोकदल के गठन होए के बाद वहिमा शामिल होइ गें, अउर वहिके महासचिव बनें। उइ आपातकाल का विरोध कीन्हेनि, अउर यहि अवधि के दौरान गिरफ्तारौ कीन गें। उइ पहिली बार 1977 मा हाजीपुर निर्वाचन क्षेत्र से जनता पार्टी के सदस्य के रूप मा लोकसभा मा चुने गे रहैं, अउर 1980, 1989, 1991 ( रोसेरा से), 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 अउर 2014 के चुनावन मा फिर से निर्वाचित होत रहें। <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ram Vilas Paswan {{!}} Indian politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918072529/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Vilas-Paswan |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> पासवान 2000 मा लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी (लोजपा) बनाइन अउर वहिके अध्यक्ष बनें। बादि मा, 2004 मा, उइ सत्तारूढ़ संयुक्त प्रगतिशील गठबंधन सरकार मा शामिल भें अउर रसायन अउर उर्वरक मंत्रालय तथा [[इस्पात मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार|इस्पात मंत्रालय]] मा केंद्रीय मंत्री रहें। उनका मरणोपरांत 2021 मा भारत के तीसरे सबते बड़े नागरिक पुरस्कार पद्म भूषण ते सम्मानित कीन गा। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125161945/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref> सात सरकारन के भीतर कैबिनेट पदन पर रहै खातिन जाने जाए वाले पासवान का भारतीय राजनीति के मौसम वैज्ञानिक के रूप मा जाना जात रहै। 2024 तक, उनका सबते लंबे समय तक सेवारत केंद्रीय मंत्री का रिकार्ड है जी [[भारतीय काङ्ग्रेस पार्टी|भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] के सदस्य नही रहें। == प्रारंभिक जीवन अउर शिक्षा == === लोकसभा === {| class="sortable wikitable" !साल !निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! colspan="2" |दल !मत !% !विरोधी ! colspan="2" |<small>विरोधी दल</small> !<small>विरोधी क मिले मत</small> !% !<small>परिणाम</small> !मार्जिन !% |- !2014 | rowspan="6" |हाजीपुर | {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=3}} |455,652 |50.31 |<small>संजीव प्रसाद टोनी</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |230,152 |25.41 | {{Yes|जीते}} |225,500 |24.9 |- !2009 |208,761 |37.61 |<small>राम सुंदर दास</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|rowspan=2}} |246,715 |44.44 | {{No|हारे}} | -37,954 | -6.83 |- !2004 |477,495 |61.72 |<small>छेदी पासवान</small> |239,694 |30.98 | {{Yes|जीते}} |237,801 |30.74 |- !1999 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}} |434,609 |55.75 |<small>रमई राम</small> | {{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |329,105 |42.21 | {{Yes|जीते}} |105,504 |13.54 |- !1998 | {{Party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=4}} |486,350 |60.58 | rowspan="2" |<small>राम सुंदर दास</small> | {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}} |308,789 |38.46 | {{Yes|जीते}} |177,561 |22.12 |- !1996 |387,781 |51.59 | {{Party name with color|Samata Party|shortname=SAP}} |341,550 |45.44 | {{Yes|जीते}} |46,231 |6.15 |- !1991 |Rosera |373,710 |62.3 |<small>अशोक कुमार</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |113,226 |18.88 | {{Yes|जीते}} |260,484 |43.42 |- !1989 | rowspan="4" |Hajipur |615,219 |84.08 |<small>महाबीर पासवान</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}} |110,681 |15.13 | {{Yes|जीते}} |504,538 |68.95 |- !1984 | {{Party name with color|Lok Dal}} |263,509 |44.89 |<small>राम रतन राम</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |314,725 |53.61 | {{No|हारे}} | -51,216 | -8.72 |- !1980 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)}} |266,428 |57.77 |<small>मेदनी पासवान</small> | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |120,589 |26.15 | {{Yes|जीते}} |145,839 |31.62 |- !1977 | {{Party name with color|Janata Party}} |469,007 |89.3 |<small>बालेश्वर राम</small> | {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |44,462 |8.47 | {{Yes|जीते}} |424,545 |80.83 |} === राज्य सभा === {| class="wikitable sortable" !पद ! colspan="2" | दल ! <small>निर्वाचन क्षेत्र</small> ! तेने ! तक ! कार्यकाल |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><small>(पहिल कार्यकाल)</small> | {{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=2}} | rowspan="2" | [[बिहार]] | <small>8 जुलाई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2010 | <small>16 मई</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2014 | ''' 3 साल, 312 दिन''' |- | संसद सदस्य, राज्य सभा<br /><small>(दूसर कार्यकाल)</small> | <small>29 जून</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2019 | <small>8 अक्टूबर</small><br /><br /><br /><br /> 2020 | ''' 1 साल, 101 दिन''' |} == मृत्यु == पासवान का निधन 8 अक्टूबर 2020 का भा, यहिकी पुष्टि उनके लरिका, चिराग पासवान किहिन। पासवान के दिल के सर्जरी भै रहै। उइ निधन ते पहिले कुछ हफ्ता तक अस्पताल मा भर्ती रहे रहैं। पासवान का अंतिम संस्कार 10 अक्टूबर 2020 का पटना मा कीन गा रहै। उनका पार्थिव शरीर श्री कृष्ण पुरी स्थित निवास ते लगभग 3&nbsp;किमी दूर दीघा मोहल्ले के जनार्दन घाट मा अंतिम संस्कार खातिन लावा गा रहै। [[फाइल:Politicians_campaing_in_Mumbai_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|अंगूठाकार|पासवान लालू प्रसाद यादव (मध्य) अउर अमर सिंह (बाएं) के साथे 2009 के आम चुनाव के दौरान [[मुम्बई|मुंबई]] मा एक पार्टी रैली मा।]] प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी पासवान के दिल्ली आवास पर नमन करै गें। साथै, वरिष्ठ नेता अउर उत्तर प्रदेश के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री, मुलायम सिंह यादव उनका श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित कीन्हेनि। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} 72ebsjedgiwrc9kykmn5q29sic6jsy4 10 9882 35460 2026-07-08T15:03:52Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{#invoke:Party name with color|cell}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Party name with color|cell}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7oyqo1ej93gjxb9hml1tvb07c2xzj5e 10 9883 35461 2026-07-08T15:04:27Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Party name with color}} '''Template:Party name with color''' is used to produce two adjacent table cells - a colored table cell with a given political party's colors, and a political party's name. ==Parameters== {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | Parameter ! scope="col" | Description |- ! scope="row" | {{para|1}} | The party's name. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|full}...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Party name with color}} '''Template:Party name with color''' is used to produce two adjacent table cells - a colored table cell with a given political party's colors, and a political party's name. ==Parameters== {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | Parameter ! scope="col" | Description |- ! scope="row" | {{para|1}} | The party's name. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|full}} | Optional; Set to "1", "y", "yes", or "true" to display the full name of the party without its disambiguation. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|shortname}} | Optional; Uses the value of {{para|shortname}} as the short name. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|color}} | Optional; Uses the value of {{para|color}} as the party's color. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|rowspan}} | Optional; Spans the rows of the color and the party name by the amount entered. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|no_link}} | Optional; Set to "1", "y", "yes", or "true" to disable linking to the party's article. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|dab}} | Optional; Set to "1", "y", "yes", or "true" to display the full value of {{para|1}}; useful to display party's name with disambiguation. |- ! scope="row" | {{para|abbrev}} | Optional; Set to "1", "y", "yes", or "true" to display the party abbreviation, when available. |} ==Example== {| class="wikitable" |+ Used below in examples |- ! scope="col" | Template ! scope="col" | Content |- | {{tlx|Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} | {{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |- | {{tlx|Party shortname|Bharatiya Janata Party}} | {{Party shortname|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |- | {{tlx|Party color|Constitution Party (United States)}} | {{Party color|Constitution Party (United States)}} |- | {{tlx|Party shortname|Constitution Party (United States)}} | {{Party shortname|Constitution Party (United States)}} |- | {{tlx|Party color|Labour Party (UK)}} | {{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}} |- | {{tlx|Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} | {{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |- | {{tlx|Party abbrev|Labour Party (UK)}} | {{Party abbrev|Labour Party (UK)}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="float: right;" ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Party |- | 2000 | {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |- | 2005 | {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|full=yes}} |- | 2010 | {{Party name with color|Constitution Party (United States)}} |- | 2015 | {{Party name with color|Constitution Party (United States)|full=yes}} |- | 2020 | {{Party name with color|Labour Party (UK)|rowspan=2}} |- | 2025 |- | 2030 | {{Party name with color|Labour Party (UK)|abbrev=y}} |- | 2035 | {{Party name with color|Foo Party}} |} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="display: inline-block;">{| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Party |- | 2000 | {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |- | 2005 | {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|full=yes}} |- | 2010 | {{Party name with color|Constitution Party (United States)}} |- | 2015 | {{Party name with color|Constitution Party (United States)|full=true}} |- | 2020 | {{Party name with color|Labour Party (UK)|rowspan=2}} |- | 2025 |- | 2030 | {{Party name with color|Labour Party (UK)|abbrev=y}} |- | 2035 | {{Party name with color|Foo Party}} |} </syntaxhighlight> == See also == * [[Template:Party name with color no link]] * [[Template:Full party name with color]] * [[Template:Abbrev party name with color]] == Tracking category == * {{Category link with count|Pages using Party name with color with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Political party color templates|Party name with color]] }}</includeonly> 7dsqufh7u6rbzzq1y3ak9jgc5224u5f 828 9884 35462 2026-07-08T15:07:52Z Avimaarak 3578 'local p = {} local fetch = nil -- lazy load local function load_political_party_module() if fetch == nil then fetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch end end local function page_exist(page_name) if not page_name then return false end if mw.title.new(page_name).exists then return true end return false end local function simplify_rowspan(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text or '', 'rowspan="1"%...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35462 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local fetch = nil -- lazy load local function load_political_party_module() if fetch == nil then fetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch end end local function page_exist(page_name) if not page_name then return false end if mw.title.new(page_name).exists then return true end return false end local function simplify_rowspan(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text or '', 'rowspan="1"%s*', '') return text end local function ifblank(one, two) return (((one or "") ~= "") and one or two) or "" end local function getData(args) local display_name = nil local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') if string.lower(args[1]) == "independent" then args[1] = "Independent politician" end if yesno(args.dab) == true then display_name = args[1] elseif yesno(args.full) == true then display_name = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], '%s+%b()$', '') elseif args.shortname then display_name = args.shortname else load_political_party_module() if yesno(args.abbrev) then display_name = fetch({args[1], 'abbrev'}) else display_name = fetch({args[1], 'shortname'}) end end if yesno(args.bold) == true then display_name = "'''" .. display_name .. "'''" end local text = nil if yesno(args.no_link) == true then text = display_name else -- TODO: should this be on by default or do we want red links? if page_exist(args[1]) then text = string.format("[[%s|%s]]", args[1], display_name) else text = display_name end end local color = args.colour or args.color if not color then load_political_party_module() color = fetch({args[1], 'color'}) end return text, color end function p._cell(args) if not args[1] then return '' end local text, color = getData(args) local line1 = 'rowspan="%s" style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: %s;" data-sort-value="%s" |\n' local line2 = '| scope="row" rowspan="%s" style="text-align: left;" | %s' local rowspan = tonumber(args.rowspan) or 1 line1 = string.format(line1, rowspan, color, args[1]) line2 = string.format(line2, rowspan, text) return simplify_rowspan(line1 .. line2) end function p._box(args) if not args[1] then return '' end local text, color = getData(args) local seats if args.seats then seats = ' (' .. args.seats .. ')' end seats = seats or '' local outline = args.outline or 'black' local legend = '<span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid ' .. outline .. ';color:inherit;background-color:' .. color .. '"> </span> ' .. text .. seats .. '</span>' return legend end function p.cell(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) local check = require('Module:Check for unknown parameters')._check local tracking = check({ ['unknown']='[[Category:Pages using Party name with color with unknown parameters|_VALUE_ ]]', ['preview']='Page using [[Template:Party name with color]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"', ['showblankpositional']='1', '1', 'abbrev', 'color', 'colour', 'dab', 'full', 'no_link', 'rowspan', 'shortname', 'bold' }, frame:getParent().args) return p._cell(args) .. tracking end function p.box(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return p._box(args) end return p jfmwye9aubsktdtt8e6b3a848z11tvr 828 9885 35463 2026-07-08T15:08:46Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Module rating|beta}} {{Lua|Module:Political party|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == This module implements [[Template:Party name with color]]. See the documentation for [[Template:Party name with color]] for usage. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata -->...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|beta}} {{Lua|Module:Political party|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == This module implements [[Template:Party name with color]]. See the documentation for [[Template:Party name with color]] for usage. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> pzk927905ll50ifm3wep4n1002ztt8q 828 9886 35464 2026-07-08T15:27:32Z Avimaarak 3578 'local p = {} local default_color = '&#35;F8F9FA' local categories = { party_not_in_list = '[[Category:Pages using Political party with unknown party]]', shortname_not_in_list = '[[Category:Pages using Political party with missing shortname]]', color_not_in_list = '[[Category:Pages using Political party with missing color]]', } local function create_error(error_message) return string.format('<strong class="error...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35464 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local default_color = '&#35;F8F9FA' local categories = { party_not_in_list = '[[Category:Pages using Political party with unknown party]]', shortname_not_in_list = '[[Category:Pages using Political party with missing shortname]]', color_not_in_list = '[[Category:Pages using Political party with missing color]]', } local function create_error(error_message) return string.format('<strong class="error">%s</strong>', error_message) end local function getFirstLetter(party) local index = mw.ustring.sub(party, 1, 1) -- Set index for non-A-Z starts if string.match(index, '%A') then return '1' end return string.upper(index) end local function stripToNil(text) -- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty. -- Otherwise return text (which may, for example, be nil). if type(text) == 'string' then text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') local delink = require('Module:Delink')._delink text = delink({text, wikilinks = "target"}) end return text end -- Example of having all the data - color and names - in one table. Requires one page to be edited instead of two when adding a new party. function p._fetch(args) if not args[1] then return create_error("parameter 1 should be a party name.") end if not args[2] then return create_error("parameter 2 should be the output type.") end local party = stripToNil(args[1]) local out_type = stripToNil(args[2]) if out_type == 'colour' then out_type = 'color' end local index = getFirstLetter(party) -- Load data from submodule local data = mw.loadData('Module:Political party/' .. index) local data_all = data.full local party_alt = data.alternate[party] local party_info if party_alt then if data_all[party_alt] then party_info = data_all[party_alt] else index = getFirstLetter(party_alt) data = mw.loadData('Module:Political party/' .. index) party_info = data.full[party_alt] end else party_info = data_all[party] end -- Check if database value exists -- * Not even in database - return given error or input -- * No color - return error -- * No shortname/abbrev - return first non-blank of abbrev->shortname->input if not party_info then if out_type == 'color' then return args.error or default_color else return args.error or party end end local return_value = party_info[out_type] if return_value == "" then if out_type == 'color' then return args.error or create_error("Value not in template. Please request that it be added.") elseif out_type == 'abbrev' then if party_info.shortname ~= "" then return party_info.shortname else party = party:gsub('%([^)]*%)', '') return party end elseif out_type == 'shortname' then if party_info.abbrev ~= "" then return party_info.abbrev else party = party:gsub('%([^)]*%)', '') return party end else return party end end if out_type == 'color' then if string.find(return_value, '#') then return_value = string.gsub(return_value, '#', '&#35;') elseif string.lower(return_value) == 'default' then return default_color end end return return_value end function p.fetch(frame) -- Initialise and populate variables local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return p._fetch(args) end return p owvyh41e0t1tkgb6sz5gosf46xlnizz 828 9887 35465 2026-07-08T15:31:48Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour Party (UK)" would be under [[Module:Political party/L|<code>/L</code>]]). The [[Module:Political party/1|<code>/1</code>]] subpage is for any party that does not start with the letters A to Z of the [[Latin alphabet]] (including numbers and accented characters). For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> ["Örebro Party"] = {abbrev = "ÖP", color = "#000000", shortname = "Örebro Party",}, </syntaxhighlight> The "Örebro Party" begins with a letter that is not in the Latin alphabet, the letter "O" with two dots above it. The two dots are a diacritic mark called an [[Umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]]. This party should be placed on the <code>/1</code> subpage. Within each data submodule are two local groups: <code lang=lua>local alternate</code> and <code lang=lua>local full</code>. ===Alternate party names=== The alternate group is for alternate names of a party. The following is an example of alternate names for the [[Labour Party (UK)]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local alternate = { .... ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ... } </syntaxhighlight> The first entry in square brackets is the alternate name, and the second entry only in quotes is the name found in the <code>full</code> group, seen below. Note that the alternate name of a party should be stored in its corresponding letter-based subpage; "Alabama Democratic Party" is listed in [[Module:Political party/A|/A]] even though it is an alternate name for "Democratic Party (US)" (which is stored in [[Module:Political party/D|/D]]). === Table values === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local full = { .... ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ... } </syntaxhighlight> There are three values stored for each party: * The abbreviation (<code>abbrev</code>). * The color of the party (<code>color</code>), which can either be a [[hex triplet]] or [[Web_colors#Basic colors|basic color name]] or, if the party does not have an associated color, "default". * A shorter name for the party (<code>shortname</code>). The values added to these parameters need not be unique from other parties in this module, unlike the primary name of a party. If a name value is not stored for a party, the module will attempt to return the other "short" name variant before returning the input. Thus, if <code>abbrev</code> is stored but <code>shortname</code> is not, regardless of which value is asked for it will return the <code>abbrev</code> value. ==Requesting an addition or a change == If you are unable to edit a module directly, an edit request will need to be made. Requests should be made at the [[Module talk:Political party|talk page]] in a new section. Copy the following line and fill in {{em|only}} the fields relevant to the party. A party name is required as is at least one other piece of information. See above for information regarding each value. * <code>["party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "",},</code> ==Error messages== {| class="wikitable" |+Module error messages and resolutions !Error message !Resolution |- |Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'sub' (string expected, got table). |An entry intended for the "local full" section has been placed into the "local alternate" section. Move it to the "local full" section |- | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Political party/' not found. | Party added to alternate list with empty value. |- |Value not in template. Please request that it be added. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Value+not+in+template.+Please+request+that+it+be+added.%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) |The party in question has an entry with no color in the "local full" section. (This can be caused by duplicate entries in "local full" that, if present, should be merged.) |- |(no error message, but party color is white/blank) |Add a color for the party to its entry in the "local full" section in the relevant Module:Political party/ lettered data page (see links below). |- |parameter 1 should be a party name ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+1+should+be+a+party+name%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=6facepv07u1udc6gtrdi3x0fy article search]) | A template is trying to feed a missing parameter to the module. Work around this by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Election_box_inline_candidate_with_party_link_no_change&action=history testing for the parameter] in the template. |- |parameter 2 should be the output type ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+2+should+be+the+output+type%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) | |- |} == Data pages == {{div col}} *[[Module:Political party/1|Political party/1]] *[[Module:Political party/A|Political party/A]] *[[Module:Political party/B|Political party/B]] *[[Module:Political party/C|Political party/C]] *[[Module:Political party/D|Political party/D]] *[[Module:Political party/E|Political party/E]] *[[Module:Political party/F|Political party/F]] *[[Module:Political party/G|Political party/G]] *[[Module:Political party/H|Political party/H]] *[[Module:Political party/I|Political party/I]] *[[Module:Political party/J|Political party/J]] *[[Module:Political party/K|Political party/K]] *[[Module:Political party/L|Political party/L]] *[[Module:Political party/M|Political party/M]] *[[Module:Political party/N|Political party/N]] *[[Module:Political party/O|Political party/O]] *[[Module:Political party/P|Political party/P]] *[[Module:Political party/Q|Political party/Q]] *[[Module:Political party/R|Political party/R]] *[[Module:Political party/S|Political party/S]] *[[Module:Political party/T|Political party/T]] *[[Module:Political party/U|Political party/U]] *[[Module:Political party/V|Political party/V]] *[[Module:Political party/W|Political party/W]] *[[Module:Political party/X|Political party/X]] *[[Module:Political party/Y|Political party/Y]] *[[Module:Political party/Z|Political party/Z]] {{div col end}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> p8u25z1xwj7neyuy8uu70tmyqp23f05 10 9888 35466 2026-07-08T15:33:15Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{Lua|Module:Political party}} '''Template:Political party''' produces the short name or color of the provided political party. == Usage == * {{Tlx|Political party|<party name>|<value requested>}} == Parameters == <section begin="Parameters"/> {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | Parameter ! scope...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{Lua|Module:Political party}} '''Template:Political party''' produces the short name or color of the provided political party. == Usage == * {{Tlx|Political party|<party name>|<value requested>}} == Parameters == <section begin="Parameters"/> {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | Parameter ! scope="col" | Description |- ! scope="row" | 1 | The political party's name. If a party is not found, place a request at the [[Module talk:Political party|talk page]].<section end="Parameters"/> |- ! scope="row" | 2 | The value requested. Currently supported values are <code>abbrev</code>, <code>color</code>, and <code>shortname </code>.<section begin="Parameters"/> |- ! scope="row" | error | Optional, this parameter will return the provided {{para|error}} value if the module does not contain the requested party or color. |}<section end="Parameters"/> ==Examples== Here are some examples using the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] (note that there are multiple potential input names): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ... ["Labour Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, </syntaxhighlight> * {{tlx|Political party|Labour Party (UK)|abbrev}} → {{Political party|Labour Party (UK)|abbrev}} * {{tlx|Political party|Labour Party (UK)|shortname}} → {{Political party|Labour Party (UK)|shortname}} * {{tlx|Political party|Labour and Co-operative|shortname}} → {{Political party|Labour and Co-operative|shortname}} * {{tlx|Political party|Labour Co-operative|shortname}} → {{Political party|Labour Co-operative|shortname}} * {{tlx|Political party|Labour Party (UK)|color}} → {{Political party|Labour Party (UK)|color}} If the party is not present in the module, or the shortname or abbreviation are not in the module, the input party name will be returned. * {{tlx|Political party|Not-a-party|abbrev}} → {{Political party|Not-a-party|abbrev}} * {{tlx|Political party|Not-a-party|shortname}} → {{Political party|Not-a-party|shortname}} * {{tlx|Political party|Not-a-party|color}} → {{Political party|Not-a-party|color}} * {{tlx|Political party|A test no values|shortname}} → {{Political party|A test no values|shortname}} ===Lua script error messages=== If either of the required parameters are not supplied, or the color does not exist in the module, an error will be returned. * {{tlx|Political party}} → {{Political party}} * {{tlx|Political party|A test no values}} → {{Political party|Not-a-party}} * {{tlx|Political party|A test no values|color}} → {{Political party|A test no values|color}} To avoid generating a script error, use {{para|error|value}}. Note that this error value will also be passed if the party is not stored in the module. * {{tlx|Political party|A test no values|color|error{{=}}ERROR}} → {{Political party|A test no values|color|error=ERROR}} * {{tlx|Political party|Not-a-party|color|error{{=}}ERROR}} → {{Political party|Not-a-party|color|error=ERROR}} ==See also== * [[Template:Party abbr]] * [[Template:Party color]] * [[Template:Party shortname]] Country specific templates: * [[Template:Australian party style]] * [[Template:Canadian party colour]] ==Tracking categories== * {{Category link with count|Pages using Political party with unknown party}} * {{Category link with count|Pages using Political party with missing shortname}} * {{Category link with count|Pages using Political party with missing color}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Political party templates]] }}</includeonly> 74u8yui9b7br4z9b72dyujfh1jd0ixf 10 9889 35467 2026-07-08T15:34:19Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{#invoke:Political party|fetch|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|error{{#if:{{{error|}}}||_NULL}}={{{error|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35467 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Political party|fetch|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|error{{#if:{{{error|}}}||_NULL}}={{{error|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> t9nmokor9xiopiej04y88z2tt1e4gbt 828 9890 35468 2026-07-08T15:36:59Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["L'Apres"] = "L'Après", ["L'apres"] = "L'Après", ["L'après"] = "L'Après", ["La France insoumise"] = "La France Insoumise", ["La Republique En Marche!"] = "La République En Marche!", ["Labor Front"] = "Labour Front", ["Labor Party (United States, 1996)"] = "Labor Party (US, 1996)", ["Labor Party (United States)"] = "Labor Party (US)",...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35468 Scribunto text/plain -- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["L'Apres"] = "L'Après", ["L'apres"] = "L'Après", ["L'après"] = "L'Après", ["La France insoumise"] = "La France Insoumise", ["La Republique En Marche!"] = "La République En Marche!", ["Labor Front"] = "Labour Front", ["Labor Party (United States, 1996)"] = "Labor Party (US, 1996)", ["Labor Party (United States)"] = "Labor Party (US)", ["Labor Party (US, 19th century)"] = "Labor Party (United States, 19th century)", ["Labor Party"] = "Labour Party", ["Labour Party–GroenLinks"] = "GroenLinks–PvdA", ["Labor-Farm Party of Wisconsin"] = "Labor–Farm Party of Wisconsin", ["Labour '87"] = "Labour Party of Northern Ireland", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour and Co-operative Party", ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour and Co-operative Party", ["Labour Coalition"] = "Labour coalition", ["Labour (Ireland)"] = "Labour Party (Ireland)", ["Labour Party (Mexico)"] = "Labor Party (Mexico)", ["Labour Party (Portugal)"] = "Worker–Peasant Alliance", ["Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats"] = "Lakas–CMD", ["Lakas-CMD"] = "Lakas–CMD", ["Lakas-CMD (1991)"] = "Lakas–CMD (1991)", ["Lakas-CMD (2009)"] = "Lakas–CMD", ["Lakas Kampi CMD"] = "Lakas–Kampi", ["Lakas-Kampi-CMD"] = "Lakas–Kampi", ["Lakas-NUCD-UMDP"] = "Lakas–CMD (1991)", ["Lakas-NUCD"] = "Lakas–CMD (1991)", ["Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats"] = "Lakas–CMD", ["Lakas–CMD"] = "Lakas–CMD", ["Lakas–CMD (1991)"] = "Lakas–CMD (1991)", ["Lakas–CMD (2009)"] = "Lakas–CMD", ["Lakas–Kampi–CMD"] = "Lakas–Kampi", ["Lakas–NUCD–UMDP"] = "Lakas–CMD (1991)", ["Lakas–NUCD"] = "Lakas–CMD (1991)", ["Lalit"] = "Lalit (Mauritius)", ["Lapiang Sakdal"] = "Sakdalista", ["Lanka Democratic Party"] = "Lanka Prajathanthravadi Pakshaya", ["Lantmannapartiet"] = "Lantmanna Party", ["LaRouche movement"] = "National Democratic Policy Committee", ["Latvian Centrist Party"] = "Centre Party (Latvia)", ["Last Party"] = "Last Party (Latvia)", ["Latvian Social Democratic Alliance"] = "Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party", ["Law and Justice"] = "Law and Justice (Poland)", ["Law and Order (Latvia)"] = "For Each and Every One", ["Law and Order Party (United States)"] = "Law and Order Party (US)", ["LDPR (political party)"] = "Liberal Democratic Party of Russia", ["League for Civil Democracy"] = "Finnish People's Unity Party", ["Left Alliance of Estonia"] = "Left Alliance (Estonia)", ["Left Bloc (Portugal)"] = "Left Bloc", ["Left for the Right to Decide"] = "Republican Left of Catalonia", ["Left Front (India)"] = "Left Front", ["Left Front (Sri Lanka)"] = "Left Liberation Front", ["Left of the Peoples (1987)"] = "Left of the Peoples", ["Left of the Peoples (1989)"] = "Left of the Peoples", ["Left Option"] = "Estonian Left Party", ["Left Party – Communists"] = "Left Party (Sweden)", ["Left Party-Communists"] = "Left Party (Sweden)", ["Left Radical Party"] = "Radical Party of the Left", ["Left Revolutionary Front (Portugal)"] = "Socialist Alternative Movement", ["Left Together"] = "Partia Razem", ["Left Unity (European Parliament)"] = "European United Left–Nordic Green Left", ["Leftist Socialist Party of Japan"] = "Left Socialist Party of Japan", ["Leftist Workers and Farm Labourers"] = "Communist Party of Latvia", ["Lega per Salvini Premier"] = "Lega (political party)", ["Les Engagés"] = "Les Engagés (political party)", ["Lëvizja Shqipëria Bëhet"] = "Shqipëria Bëhet", ["Lëvizja Vetëvendosje"] = "Self-Determination Movement", ["Lewica Razem"] = "Partia Razem", ["Liberal–Democratic List"] = "Liberal League (Luxembourg)", ["Liberal/Country Coalition"] = "Coalition (Australia)", ["Liberal-Country Coalition"] = "Coalition (Australia)", ["Liberal–Country Coalition"] = "Coalition (Australia)", ["Liberal/National Coalition"] = "Coalition (Australia)", ["Liberal-National Coalition"] = "Coalition (Australia)", ["Liberal–National Coalition"] = "Coalition (Australia)", ["Lib-Lab"] = "Liberal-Labour (UK)", ["Liberal Coalition Party"] = "Liberals (Sweden)", ["Liberal Constitutional Party (Italy)"] = "Historical Right (Italy)", ["Liberal Democratic Party (Chile)"] = "Liberal Democratic Party (Chile, 1893)", ["Liberal Democratic Party (Lithuania)"] = "Order and Justice", ["Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia 2005)"] = "Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)", ["Liberal Democratic Party (Spain)"] = "Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1982)", ["Liberal Democratic Party of Japan"] = "Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)", ["Liberal Democratic Party of Switzerland"] = "Liberal Party of Switzerland", ["Liberal Democrats"] = "Liberal Democrats (UK)", ["Libéraux Démocrates"] = "Liberal Democrats (Belgium)", ["Destexhe Lists"] = "Liberal Democrats (Belgium)", ["Listes Destexhe"] = "Liberal Democrats (Belgium)", ["Liberal Focus Team (UK, 1989)"] = "Liberal Focus Team", ["Liberal Movement"] = "Liberal Movement (Australia)", ["Liberal Movement (Lithuania)"] = "Liberals' Movement (Lithuania)", ["Liberal Party (Chile)"] = "Liberal Party (Chile, 2013)", ["Liberal Party (Japan, 1945)"] = "Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)", ["Liberal Party (Luxembourg)"] = "Liberal League (Luxembourg)", ["Liberal Party (Scotland)"] = "Scottish Liberal Party", ["Liberal Party (Serbia, 1989)"] = "Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia, 1989)", ["Liberal Party of Australia (Australian Capital Territory Division)"] = "Liberal Party of Australia (A.C.T. Division)", ["Liberal Party of New York"] = "Liberal Party (New York)", ["Liberal Party of Sweden"] = "Liberals (Sweden)", ["Liberal Party"] = "Democratic Liberal Party (Japan)", ["Liberal Party of Norway"] = "Liberal Party (Norway)", ["Liberal People's Party (Sweden)"] = "Liberals (Sweden)", ["Liberal People's Party"] = "Liberals (Sweden)", ["Liberal Reform Party (Iceland)"] = "Viðreisn", ["Liberal Reformist Party + Democratic Front of Francophones"] = "Reformist Movement", ["Liberal Reformist Party"] = "Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)", ["Liberal Republican Party (United States)"] = "Liberal Republican Party (US)", ["Liberal Socialist Party"] = "Liberal Socialist Party (Singapore)", ["Liberal Socialists Party"] = "Liberal Socialists Party (Egypt)", ["Liberal Social Party (Portugal)"] = "Liberal Social Party", ["Liberal Unionist"] = "Liberal Unionist Party", ["Liberal Unionist Party (UK)"] = "Liberal Unionist Party", ["Liberal-Labour (New Zealand)"] = "Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)", ["Liberals–Democrats–Radicals"] = "Liberals, Democrats and Radicals", ["Liberals' Movement of the Republic of Lithuania"] = "Liberal Movement of the Republic of Lithuania", ["Liberal Party of Andorra"] = "Liberals of Andorra", ["Libertad y Refundación"] = "Liberty and Refoundation", ["Libertarian, Direct, Democratic"] = "Libertair, Direct, Democratisch", ["Libertarian Party UK"] = "Libertarian Party (UK)", ["Libertarian Party (United Kingdom)"] = "Libertarian Party (UK)", ["Libertarian Party (United States)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Alaska)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Arizona)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (California)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Colorado)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Connecticut)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Delaware)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Iowa)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Massachusetts)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Michigan)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Missouri)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Nevada)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (New Mexico)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (New York)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Oregon)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Vermont)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party (Washington)"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Alabama"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Arizona"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Arkansas"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of California"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Colorado"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Connecticut"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Delaware"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of the District of Columbia"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Florida"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Georgia"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Hawaii"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Kentucky"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Maryland"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Massachusetts"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Michigan"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Minnesota"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Missouri"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Montana"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Nevada"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of New Mexico"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of New York"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of North Carolina"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of North Dakota"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Ohio"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Oklahoma"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Oregon"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Texas"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Utah"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Washington"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertarian Party of Wisconsin"] = "Libertarian Party (US)", ["Libertas (lobby group)"] = "Libertas.eu", ["Libertas Spain"] = "Libertas.eu", ["Liberal Party (East Timor)"] = "Democratic Liberal Party (Timor-Leste)", ["Liberty Party (United States, 1840)"] = "Liberty Party (US)", ["Liberty Party (United States, 1932)"] = "Liberty Party (US)", ["Liberty Party (United States)"] = "Liberty Party (US)", ["Liberty Party (US, 1840)"] = "Liberty Party (US)", ["Liberty Party"] = "Liberty Party (US)", ["Liberal People's Party (Finland)"] = "Liberals (Finland)", ["Libra Party (Albania)"] = "Libra Party", ["Libyan Arab Socialist Union"] = "Arab Socialist Union (Libya)", ["LID"] = "Left and Democrats", ["Liechtenstein Homeland Party"] = "Liechtenstein Homeland Service", ["Ligue du Midi"] = "Ligue du Sud", ["Life Party"] = "Life Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)", ["Liste Gaza"] = "Gaza List", ["Livre"] = "LIVRE", ["LIVRE/Tempo de Avançar"] = "LIVRE", ["Local"] = "Localist", ["Lok Dal"] = "Lokdal", ["Lok Jan Shakti Party"] = "Lok Janshakti Party", ["Long Live Tunisia"] = "Tahya Tounes", ["Louisiana Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["LPHK"] = "Liberal Party (Hong Kong)", ["LPR"] = "League of Polish Families", ["LSSP"] = "Lanka Sama Samaja Party", ["Luxembourg Workers' Party"] = "Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party", ["Luys Alliance"] = "Bright Alliance", } local full = { ["L'Alternativa c'è"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE9F07", shortname = "",}, ["L'Après"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F4FD9", shortname = "",}, ["L'Avenir n’attend pas"] = {abbrev = "ANAP", color = "#01b2a8", shortname = "",}, ["L'Engagement"] = {abbrev = "LE", color = "#4c2770", shortname = "Engagement",}, ["L'Europe Ensemble"] = {abbrev = "L'EE", color = "#00A2D3", shortname = "",}, ["L'Hospitalet Left Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#42837D", shortname = "",}, ["La Axarquía Progress"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF990E", shortname = "",}, ["La España en Marcha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#111011", shortname = "",}, ["La Falange (1999)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#29191E", shortname = "",}, ["La France En Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F8F1BB", shortname = "",}, ["La France Insoumise"] = {abbrev = "LFI", color = "#56277E", shortname = "",}, ["La Force du 13"] = {abbrev = "LF13", color = "#E86D31", shortname = "",}, ["La Fresneda Local Platform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004D21", shortname = "",}, ["La Fuerza de Santa Fe"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5F8748", shortname = "",}, ["La Libertad Avanza"] = {abbrev = "LLA", color = "#6C4C99", shortname = "",}, ["La Línea 100x100"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FA5841", shortname = "",}, ["La Martinique Ensemble"] = {abbrev = "LME", color = "#db5b00", shortname = "",}, ["La Palma Group of Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#072357", shortname = "",}, ["La Plateforme Sociale Curepipienne"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F77B55", shortname = "",}, ["La Republique En Marche (Mauritius)"] = {abbrev = "LREM", color = "#D069B2", shortname = "",}, ["La République En Marche!"] = {abbrev = "LREM", color = "#FFEB00", shortname = "",}, ["Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#002868", shortname = "",}, ["Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino"] = {abbrev = "LAMMP", color = "#ffa500", shortname = "",}, ["Labor and Agrarian Party"] = {abbrev = "PALA", color = "royalblue", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Party (Mexico)"] = {abbrev = "PT", color = "#DB2017", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Party (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "Labor",}, ["Labor Party (Taiwan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Party (United States, 19th century)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "Labor",}, ["Labor Party (US, 1996)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "Labor",}, ["Labor Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "Labor",}, ["Labor Party of Liberia"] = {abbrev = "LPL", color = "#bb814a", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Party of the United States"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "Labor",}, ["Labor Party Philippines"] = {abbrev = "WPP", color = "#00039F", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Solidarity"] = {abbrev = "SL", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Union of Games and Gambling in Macau"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B2FFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Labor–Farm Party of Wisconsin"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#17aa5c", shortname = "Labor–Farm",}, ["Labor-Gesher-Meretz"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1B25", shortname = "Emet",}, ["Labor-Gesher"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE161F", shortname = "",}, ["Labor"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "",}, ["Labor Win"] = {abbrev = "", color = "plum", shortname = "Labor Win",}, ["Laboring People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Laborious Ukraine Electoral Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#872558", shortname = "Labour Ukraine",}, ["Laborist Party (Mexico)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE1126", shortname = "Laborist",}, ["Laborista Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "Laborista",}, ["Labor Party (El Salvador)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Labour and Co-operative Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour Co-op",}, ["Labour and Equity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4e92d3", shortname = "",}, ["Labour and Freedom Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#90268F", shortname = "Labour and Freedom",}, ["Labour and Justice Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AD0000", shortname = "",}, ["Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative"] = {abbrev = "WASG", color = "#FF8000", shortname = "Labour and Social Justice",}, ["Labour and Solidarity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5963cf", shortname = "",}, ["Labour and Trade Union Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D44442", shortname = "Labour and Trade Union",}, ["Labour Cause's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9F030A", shortname = "",}, ["Labour coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#cd5c5c", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Democrat Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "Labour Democrat",}, ["Labour Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Pink", shortname = "Labour Democracy",}, ["Labour Democrats"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#59A421", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Electoral Association"] = {abbrev = "LEA", color = "#B22222", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Faction (1937)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#1693F4", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Front"] = {abbrev = "LF", color = "#AA5634", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Gathering Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Independent Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#00708B", shortname = "Labour Party",}, ["Labour Party (Greenland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7941E", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Indonesia, 1949)"] = {abbrev = "PB", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Indonesia, 1998)"] = {abbrev = "PB", color = "#000080", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Indonesia, 2021)"] = {abbrev = "PB", color = "#ff6800", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Lithuania)"] = {abbrev = "DP", color = "#1D578C", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Malta)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE3224", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Mauritius)"] = {abbrev = "PTr", color = "#EC0000", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Morocco)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D04933", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "PvdA", color = "#DF111A", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (New Caledonia)"] = {abbrev = "PT", color = "#9A0000", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Nigeria)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#DA251C", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E11926", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#28447D", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Secular)"] = {abbrev = "LP(S)", color = "#2E64FE", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (Singapore)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC8955", shortname = "Labour Party",}, ["Labour Party (Slovakia)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#C31B3E", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party (South Africa, 1969)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8D0000", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (South Africa, 2024)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1F24", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (South Africa)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDE4D", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party in Northern Ireland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC241F", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#013971", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party of Brazil"] = {abbrev = "PTdoB", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party of Hong Kong"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE2910", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party of India (V V Prasad)"] = {abbrev = "LPI(V)", color = "#4C81B6", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party of India"] = {abbrev = "LPI", color = "#E0E6F8", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party of Malaya"] = {abbrev = "LPM", color = "#FAAFBA", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Party of Northern Ireland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC241f", shortname = "Labour Party NI",}, ["Labour Party of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "LPS", color = "#2274A5", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party Pakistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE2712", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Power"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#f2ba00", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Progressive"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Renewal Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#23FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Representation Committee (1900)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#b22222", shortname = "Labour Repr. Cmte.",}, ["Labour Representation Committee"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#b22222", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Labour Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9340", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Solidarity"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#D33F49", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Purple", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Union (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "UP", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "",}, ["Labour Unionist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDEEFF", shortname = "",}, ["Labour-Farmer Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF5C85", shortname = "",}, ["Labour-Farmer Masses Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF5C85", shortname = "",}, ["Labour, Co-operative and Trade Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "white", shortname = "Labour, Co-op & Trade Union",}, ["Labourers and Farmers Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE7580", shortname = "Labourers and Farmers",}, ["Labourist Movement Party"] = {abbrev = "EHP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Lacson–Sotto slate"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004777", shortname = "Reporma–NPC",}, ["Ladlad"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC0CB", shortname = "",}, ["Lahu National Development Party"] = {abbrev = "LHNDP", color = "#A66971", shortname = "",}, ["Lakas ng Bansa"] = {abbrev = "LnB", color = "#0000CD", shortname = "",}, ["Lakas ng Bayan"] = {abbrev = "LABAN", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Lakas–CMD"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0E0E6", shortname = "Lakas",}, ["Lakas–CMD (1991)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0E0E6", shortname = "Lakas",}, ["Lakas–Kampi"] = {abbrev = "LKS-KAM", color = "#B0E0E6", shortname = "Lakas–Kampi",}, ["Lakas–Laban Coalition"] = {abbrev = "LABAN", color = "#0000CD", shortname = "",}, ["Lalians Lespwar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C97070", shortname = "",}, ["Lalit (Mauritius)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7CC06", shortname = "",}, ["Lana (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006962", shortname = "Lana",}, ["Land and Justice Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC261B", shortname = "Land & Justice",}, ["Land development"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CDB79E", shortname = "",}, ["Land Justice League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#73BC7C", shortname = "",}, ["Land of Dharma Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#593012", shortname = "",}, ["Land Party (South Africa)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7e803e", shortname = "Land Party",}, ["Land Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4898B9", shortname = "",}, ["Landbund"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#385A38", shortname = "",}, ["Landless People's Movement (Namibia)"] = {abbrev = "LPM", color = "#FC7B2C", shortname = "",}, ["Landlords' Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#917F63", shortname = "Landlords",}, ["Lang Labor"] = {abbrev = "LANG", color = "#E2725B", shortname = "Lang Labor",}, ["Langafonua ʻa e Masiva"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4C430", shortname = "",}, ["Lanka Prajathanthravadi Pakshaya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Lanka Sama Samaja Party"] = {abbrev = "LSSP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Lantmanna and Bourgeois Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff9933", shortname = "Lantmanna and Bourgeois",}, ["Lantmanna Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00529C", shortname = "Lantmanna",}, ["Lanzarote Avanza"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#037468", shortname = "",}, ["Lanzarote En Pie"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#238EAD", shortname = "",}, ["Lanzarote Independents Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#31B404", shortname = "",}, ["Lanzarote Neighbourhood Force"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#98CCFE", shortname = "",}, ["Lao National Union Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Lao Patriotic Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE1126", shortname = "",}, ["Lao People's Revolutionary Party"] = {abbrev = "LPRP", color = "#CE1126", shortname = "",}, ["Lapian ng Masang Pilipino"] = {abbrev = "LAMP", color = "#ffa500", shortname = "",}, ["Lapiang Malaya"] = {abbrev = "LM", color = "#1434A4", shortname = "",}, ["Lapiang Manggagawa"] = {abbrev = "LM", color = "#00039f", shortname = "",}, ["Lapiang Sakdal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Sakdalista",}, ["LaPrimaire.org"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Large Rassemblement Arc-en-ciel"] = {abbrev = "LRA", color = "#FEEB39", shortname = "",}, ["Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Puede"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#96CA2D", shortname = "",}, ["Last Party (Latvia)"] = {abbrev = "PP", color = "#00632d", shortname = "",}, ["Latgale Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004B84", shortname = "",}, ["Latvia First"] = {abbrev = "LPV", color = "#A8343C", shortname = "",}, ["Latvia's First Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#582B64", shortname = "",}, ["Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#682376", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Association of Regions"] = {abbrev = "LRA", color = "#0E3267", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Farmers' Union"] = {abbrev = "LZS", color = "#D5D900", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Green Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00683A", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian National Independence Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#902E3B", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Nationalists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9E2B38", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Russian Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3560A9", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "LSDSP", color = "#830D30", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC5356", shortname = "",}, ["Latvian Way"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFE200", shortname = "",}, ["Lauredian Union"] = {abbrev = "UL", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Law, Respect, Expertise"] = {abbrev = "PRO 2022", color = "#009FBF", shortname = "",}, ["Law and Justice (Croatia)"] = {abbrev = "PiP", color = "#203D71", shortname = "",}, ["Law and Justice (Georgia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01FFFF", shortname = "Law and Justice",}, ["Law and Justice (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "PiS", color = "#263778", shortname = "",}, ["Law and Justice (2001-2005)"] = {abbrev = "PiSold", color = "#00a0ae", shortname= "OldPiS",}, ["Law and Order Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00DDDD", shortname = "Law and Order",}, ["Law Justice Party"] = {abbrev = "LJP", color = "#862828", shortname = "",}, ["Law Preservation Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF00FF", shortname = "Law Preservation",}, ["Le Buffle – La Victoire pour le Développement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EBBF24", shortname = "Le Buffle",}, ["Le Progrès (Réunion)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#ff4d4d", shortname = "",}, ["Le Trèfle"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006629", shortname = "",}, ["Leaders Party of Vanuatu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3DAB48", shortname = "Leaders Party",}, ["Leading Thai Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DEB887", shortname = "Leading Thai",}, ["League Against Usury"] = {abbrev = "LCC", color = "lightgreen", shortname = "",}, ["League and Self-Defense"] = {abbrev = "LiS", color = "#e66933", shortname = "",}, ["League for Democracy Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3BB9FF", shortname = "",}, ["League Nepal Shanti Ekta Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6DBCF", shortname = "",}, ["League of Albanians of Romania"] = {abbrev = "LSR", color = "#444444", shortname = "",}, ["League of Anti-Corruption Governors"] = {abbrev = "LIGA", color = "#F5EC49", shortname = "",}, ["League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99FF00", shortname = "",}, ["League of Christian Socialists"] = {abbrev = "BCS", color = "#FF8C00", shortname = "",}, ["League of Cities and Communes"] = {abbrev = "LOC", color = "#3E4095", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists – Movement for Yugoslavia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = {abbrev = "SK BiH", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Croatia"] = {abbrev = "SKH", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Montenegro"] = {abbrev = "SKCG", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "SKS", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Slovenia – Party of Democratic Renewal"] = {abbrev = "ZKS-SDP", color = "#0060C7", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Slovenia"] = {abbrev = "ZKS", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Yugoslavia"] = {abbrev = "SKJ", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["League of Communists of Yugoslavia in Serbia"] = {abbrev = "SKJS", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["League of Democratic Socialists"] = {abbrev = "BDS", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["League of Free Liberals"] = {abbrev = "BVL", color = "#3399FF", shortname = "",}, ["League of Polish Families"] = {abbrev = "LPR", color = "#2DA0D2", shortname = "",}, ["League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina"] = {abbrev = "LSV", color = "#03C03C", shortname = "",}, ["League of Social Democrats"] = {abbrev = "LSD", color = "#e0050d", shortname = "",}, ["League of Socialist Youth of Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "",}, ["League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence"] = {abbrev = "IPKI", color = "#D1E231", shortname = "",}, ["League of the South (France)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C60B27", shortname = "",}, ["League of West German Communists"] = {abbrev = "BWK", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Lebanese Arab Struggle Movement"] = {abbrev = "LASM", color = "#06A338", shortname = "",}, ["Lebanese Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "LCP", color = "#CF1C18", shortname = "Communist Party",}, ["Lebanese Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#FF4100", shortname = "Democratic Party",}, ["Lebanese Forces"] = {abbrev = "LF", color = "#ED2027", shortname = "Lebanese Forces",}, ["Lecompton Democrat"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ACCCFE", shortname = "Lecompton Democratic",}, ["Leeds Left Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00A86B", shortname = "",}, ["LEF – For the New Generation"] = {abbrev = "LEF", color = "#6B6BFF", shortname = "",}, ["Left (Austria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Left",}, ["Left Alliance (Estonia)"] = {abbrev = "VL", color = "#78003C", shortname = "Vasakliit",}, ["Left Alliance (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "Vas.", color = "#F00A64", shortname = "Left Alliance",}, ["Left Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Left and Democrats"] = {abbrev = "LiD", color = "#FF4500", shortname = "",}, ["Left Andalusian Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#32754C", shortname = "",}, ["Left Assembly of Tudela"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC7EAE", shortname = "",}, ["Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADA0A3", shortname = "",}, ["Left Bloc for National Liberation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9933", shortname = "",}, ["Left Bloc"] = {abbrev = "BE", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left Camp of Israel"] = {abbrev = "Sheli", color = "#DC241F", shortname = "",}, ["Left Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2CBFE3", shortname = "",}, ["Left Coalition (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "LK", color = "#A60C19", shortname = "",}, ["Left Communists (Weimar Republic)"] = {abbrev = "LK", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Left Democratic Front (Kerala)"] = {abbrev = "LDF", color = "#EE0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left and Democratic Front (India)"] = {abbrev = "LDF", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left Democratic Initiative"] = {abbrev = "IDG", color = "#eb5c58", shortname = "",}, ["Left Ecology Freedom"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C80815", shortname = "",}, ["Left for Almería"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#037949", shortname = "",}, ["Left for Independence"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DAC125", shortname = "",}, ["Left Front (Asturias)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#76319B", shortname = "",}, ["Left Front (France)"] = {abbrev = "FG", color = "#D6232B", shortname = "",}, ["Left Front (Russia)"] = {abbrev = "Left Front", color = "#FF131C", shortname = "",}, ["Left Front (West Bengal)"] = {abbrev = "LF", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left Front"] = {abbrev = "LF", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Left in Positive"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9B0F3B", shortname = "",}, ["Left Independentists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AF1B1D", shortname = "",}, ["Left Liberals"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Left Liberation Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left List"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Left Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BD1928", shortname = "",}, ["Left Nationalists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E53E13", shortname = "",}, ["Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EFF24C", shortname = "",}, ["Left of Galicia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E80810", shortname = "",}, ["Left of the Peoples"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D56545", shortname = "",}, ["Left Party - Communists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#b00000", shortname = "Left-Communist",}, ["Left Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "PG", color = "#AA0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left Party (Sweden)"] = {abbrev = "V", color = "#B00000", shortname = "Left",}, ["Left Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0069B4", shortname = "SOL",}, ["Left Peraltese Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A1138C", shortname = "",}, ["Left Platform of Coslada"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#244E0E", shortname = "",}, ["Left Republican Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F1E6D", shortname = "",}, ["Left Segovia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F53000", shortname = "",}, ["Left Socialist Initiative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE0929", shortname = "",}, ["Left Socialist Party (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Left Socialist Party (Sweden)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Left Socialist",}, ["Left Socialists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E72240", shortname = "",}, ["Left Socialist Party of Japan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EC1B27", shortname = "Left Socialist",}, ["Left Struggle"] = {abbrev = "MA", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Left Union for a Clean and Holy Republic"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F11928", shortname = "",}, ["Left Unity (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Left Unity",}, ["Left Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#990000", shortname = "",}, ["Left-Green Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B878", shortname = "Left-Green",}, ["Left-wing Workers"] = {abbrev = "PTK", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement"] = {abbrev = "MNRI", color = "#E34234", shortname = "",}, ["Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – 1"] = {abbrev = "MNRI-1", color = "#EF86B5", shortname = "",}, ["Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy"] = {abbrev = "UEDS", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Leftist Alliance (Hungary)"] = {abbrev = "BS", color = "#CB2122", shortname = "",}, ["Lega Alpina Lumbarda"] = {abbrev = "LAL", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Lega Autonomia Veneta"] = {abbrev = "LAV", color = "gold", shortname = "",}, ["Lega Lombarda"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Lega Marche"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Lega Nord"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Lega Piemonte"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Lega (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "Lega",}, ["Legal Marijuana Now Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#50C878", shortname = "Legal Marijuana Now",}, ["Legalise Cannabis Australia"] = {abbrev = "LCA", color = "#6fc442", shortname = "Legalise Cannabis",}, ["Legalise Cannabis Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#669966", shortname = "Legalise Cannabis",}, ["Legalise Cannabis Western Australia"] = {abbrev = "LCP", color = "#72c342", shortname = "Legalise Cannabis",}, ["Legality Movement Party"] = {abbrev = "PLL", color = "#FFFF05", shortname = "",}, ["Leganemos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8183D8", shortname = "",}, ["Legitimists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1F497D", shortname = "",}, ["Lelo for Georgia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0CE0D", shortname = "Lelo",}, ["Leighton Baker Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#26A805", shortname = "",}, ["Lencinist Radical Civic Union"] = {abbrev = "UCR-L", color = "#FF5500", shortname = "",}, ["León Despierta"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4B244C", shortname = "",}, ["León en Común"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9D181D", shortname = "",}, ["Leonese Autonomist Party–Leonesist Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D44F0C", shortname = "",}, ["Leonese Convergence"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCBDB", shortname = "",}, ["Leonese People's Union"] = {abbrev = "UPL", color = "#B41062", shortname = "",}, ["Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Gold", shortname = "",}, ["LEPEN (political party)"] = {abbrev = "LEPEN", color = "#2E3093", shortname = "",}, ["Lepsza Polska"] = {abbrev = "", color = "white", shortname = "",}, ["Les Centristes"] = {abbrev = "LC", color = "#6F97CF", shortname = "",}, ["Les Écologistes"] = {abbrev = "LE", color = "#1F7B52", shortname = "",}, ["Les Écolos Solidaires"] = {abbrev = "LES", color = "#0e7c71", shortname = "",}, ["Les Engagés (political party)"] = {abbrev = "LE", color = "#02E5D2", shortname = "",}, ["Les Incorruptibles"] = {abbrev = "LI", color = "#6A3C87", shortname = "",}, ["Les Leaders"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9EC9EB", shortname = "",}, ["Les Localistes"] = {abbrev = "LL", color = "#a9c954", shortname = "",}, ["Les Loyalistes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#26C4EC", shortname = "",}, ["Les Transformateurs"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0048D1", shortname = "Transformateurs",}, ["Les Verts Fraternels"] = {abbrev = "VF", color = "#76A837", shortname = "",}, ["Lesotho Congress for Democracy"] = {abbrev = "LCD", color = "#78a22c", shortname = "",}, ["Lesotho People's Congress"] = {abbrev = "LPC", color = "#aa1724", shortname = "",}, ["Lesotho Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "LWP", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Lespwa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#30B700", shortname = "",}, ["Let Every Child Have Both Parents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DAA520", shortname = "",}, ["Let London Live"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2d1e6d", shortname = "",}, ["Let us Give the Change"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7D102", shortname = "",}, ["Let's Connect Slovenia"] = {abbrev = "PoS", color = "#FDB92E", shortname = "",}, ["Let's Go Peru"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FA8072", shortname = "",}, ["Let's Go Taupō"] = {abbrev = "LGT", color = "#00B1B2", shortname = "",}, ["Let's Save Peru"] = {abbrev = "SaP", color = "#FE0000", shortname = "",}, ["Letterkenny Residents Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9900CC", shortname = "",}, ["LETS GO Invercargill"] = {abbrev = "Lets Go", color = "gold", shortname = "",}, ["Levantemos El Puerto"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#93117E", shortname = "",}, ["Levellers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E8B57", shortname = "",}, ["Leviathan Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Lëvizja Bashkë"] = {abbrev = "LB", color = "#E82D36", shortname = "",}, ["Lewisham People Before Profit"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9400d3", shortname = "People Before Profit",}, ["Lewisham Peoples' Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCCCCC", shortname = "",}, ["Liaison Committee for the Presidential Majority"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0047AB", shortname = "Presidential Majority",}, ["Libera San Marino"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#14AABC", shortname = "Libera",}, ["Liberal (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BF1313", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004EA2", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alliance (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "AL", color = "#FF8C00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alliance (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alliance (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3FB2BE", shortname = "Liberal Alliance",}, ["Liberal Alliance (Denmark, 2021)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#18354B", shortname = "Liberal Alliance",}, ["Liberal Alliance (Greece)"] = {abbrev = "FISY", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alliance (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alliance Focus Team"] = {abbrev = "LIBAFT", color = "#FDBB30", shortname = "Liberal Alliance FT",}, ["Liberal Alliance of Independent Citizens"] = {abbrev = "LANO", color = "#FFDD00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alliance of Montenegro"] = {abbrev = "LSCG", color = "#007F00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alternative for Manacor"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#291562", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#846394", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal and Centre Union"] = {abbrev = "LiCS", color = "#FFD126", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal and Country League (SA)"] = {abbrev = "LCL", color = "#0095B6", shortname = "Liberal and Country",}, ["Liberal and Country League"] = {abbrev = "LCL", color = "#0095B6", shortname = "Liberal and Country",}, ["Liberal and Country Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal and Country",}, ["Liberal and Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal and Social Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A4999", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Appeal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A48CF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal bloc (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#297329", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Coalition (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ACAE34", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Centre (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0DB85E", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00CCA3", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Centrist Union (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3399FF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Christian Right"] = {abbrev = "DLC", color = "#2CBFE3", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Citizens Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F96611", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Conservative Reformers"] = {abbrev = "LKR", color = "#F29200", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Constitutional Party (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#483D8B", shortname = "Liberal Constitutional",}, ["Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)"] = {abbrev = "PLC", color = "#D4AA00", shortname = "Liberal Constitutionalist",}, ["Liberal Democracy (France)"] = {abbrev = "DL", color = "#004B8C", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democracy of Slovenia"] = {abbrev = "LDS", color = "#00BBF0", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democrat Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "Liberal Democrat",}, ["Liberal Democrat Party of Chile"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy"] = {abbrev = "ALI", color = "#195385", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#21A631", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Congress"] = {abbrev = "KLD", color = "#007FB2", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong"] = {abbrev = "LDF", color = "#DC2A2A", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Focus Team"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAA61A", shortname = "Lib Dem Focus Team",}, ["Liberal Democratic Spotlight Team"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAA61A", shortname = "Lib Dem Spotlight Team",}, ["Liberal Democratic Hotline Team"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAA61A", shortname= "Lib Dem Hotline Team",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Angola)"] = {abbrev = "PLD", color = "#FFCB48", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#FEC327", shortname = "Liberal Democrats",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#2e3192", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "LDS BiH", color = "#28166F", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Cambodia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Chile, 1893)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00CCCC", shortname = "Liberal&nbsp;Democratic",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (El Salvador)"] = {abbrev = "PDL", color = "#E7D055", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "PLD", color = "#0080FF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3466E4", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#43B8E0", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#D7003A", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Japan, pre-2017)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#3CA324", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#FF7F00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#333399", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#2B2F7D", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "PLD", color = "navy", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Romania)"] = {abbrev = "PLD", color = "#ff6633", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#6901d4", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia, 1989)"] = {abbrev = "LDS", color = "#270E68", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Slovenia)"] = {abbrev = "LDS", color = "#139BEA", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1903)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009933", shortname = "Liberal Democratic",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009933", shortname = "Liberal Democratic",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1982)"] = {abbrev = "PDL", color = "#339CD5", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#FFDE17", shortname = "Liberal Democratic Party",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffd700", shortname = "Liberal Democratic",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#000099", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union"] = {abbrev = "LDPSU", color = "#7295DB", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus"] = {abbrev = "LDPB", color = "#011E41", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party of Germany"] = {abbrev = "LDPD", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova"] = {abbrev = "PLDM", color = "#0E8A4A", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party of Russia"] = {abbrev = "LDPR", color = "#48C", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "Liberal&nbsp;Democratic",}, ["Liberal Democratic Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1DACD6", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democratic Union (Albania)"] = {abbrev = "BLD", color = "#2EA5E9", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democrats (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "LiDem", color = "#325ABE", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democrats (Germany)"] = {abbrev = "LD", color = "#F98113", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Democrats (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lib Dem", color = "#FAA61A", shortname = "Liberal Democrats",}, ["Liberal Democrats (UK, 2025)"] = {abbrev = "Lib Dem", color = "#FF6400", shortname = "Liberal Democrats",}, ["Liberal Democrats' Rally for National Reconstruction – Vivoten"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Egyptian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3333", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Focus Team"] = {abbrev = "LIBFT", color = "#FDBB30", shortname = "Liberal FT",}, ["Liberal Force"] = {abbrev = "FL", color = "#002D77", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Forum"] = {abbrev = "LiF", color = "#FFDC00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Front Party"] = {abbrev = "PFL", color = "#8CC63E", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Group of Andratx"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6699CC", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Group Sanxenxo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0078B3", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Independent Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009B31", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Initiative"] = {abbrev = "IL", color = "#00ADEF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Integrity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff69b4", shortname = "Liberal Integrity",}, ["Liberal League (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "mediumblue", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal League (Japan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDF00", shortname = "Liberal League",}, ["Liberal League (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Left (France)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Left (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007138", shortname = "Liberal Left",}, ["Liberal Left Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6EBD57", shortname = "Liberal Left",}, ["Liberal Movement (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B008B", shortname = "Liberal Movement",}, ["Liberal National Party (UK, 1931)"] = {abbrev = "LNP", color = "#AFEEEE", shortname = "Liberal National",}, ["Liberal National Party of Queensland"] = {abbrev = "LNP", color = "#1456F1", shortname = "Liberal National",}, ["Liberal Opening Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Oppositionist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFBF00", shortname = "Oppositionist",}, ["Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose"] = {abbrev = "Lib.", color = "#F19321", shortname = "Liberal Party",}, ["Liberal Party (Argentina, 1852)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#35AAE0", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Armenia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB5F10", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3C40D2", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Bourbon Restoration)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FDEE00", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Brazil, 1831)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7C100", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#080074", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#015AAA", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Bulgaria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EAC117", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Cambodia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAAC58", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Chile, 1849)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Chile, 1988)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5D60A", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Chile, 1998)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFEE00", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Chile, 2013)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF03B2", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Croatia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0303fa", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Greece)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Greece, modern)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Guatemala)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000ff", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Haiti)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00aeef", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Hungary)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AAD8E6", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Iceland, historical)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00C6FF", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#406899", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Iraq)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF8000", shortname = "Liberal Party of Iraq"}, ["Liberal Party (Israel)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCC00", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Japan, 1890)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EFAB93", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#128A45", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Japan, 1998)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000099", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Japan, 2016)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0950A0", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Kingdom of Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDF00", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Mexico)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#FF3333", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Moldova)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#73C2FB", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (New York)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Nicaragua)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800000", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006666", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Panama)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Papua New Guinea)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#1F509F", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Paraguay)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Philippines)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#f0e68c", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Radoslavists)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "maroon", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Rwanda)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#03b464", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAFC38", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Slovenia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCC00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#254170", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (South Korea, 1963)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#485142", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Spain, 1880)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#83C53A", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Spain, 1976)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006C95", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party (Syria)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#128A45", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (UK, 1989)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E77500", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lib", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Uruguay)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1047a1", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Utah)"] = {abbrev = "Lib", color = "#008000", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Libu Party"] = {abbrev = "Lib", color = "#191970", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party (Venezuela)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party–Hatoyama"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8DA405", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EA6D6A", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Albania"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F2D863", shortname = "",}, ["Liberals of Andorra"] = {abbrev = "L'A", color = "#019DC5", shortname = "",}, ["Liberals of Andorra (2023)"] = {abbrev = "L'A", color = "#2E4166", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (A.C.T. Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (Queensland Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (South Australian Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Australia"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#080CAB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Canada"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EA6D6A", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Corrientes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#35AAE0", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Cuba"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#75AADB", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Ghana"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F96128", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Gibraltar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EF4135", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Honduras"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE2029", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Ireland"] = {abbrev = "LPI", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of Kosovo"] = {abbrev = "PLK", color = "brown", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Macedonia"] = {abbrev = "LPM", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Mendoza"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#30D5C8", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Montenegro"] = {abbrev = "LPCG", color = "#87CEEB", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Puerto Rico"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party of South Africa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FED86F", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Sri Lanka"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDE17", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of State Employment and Housing"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#311829", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Switzerland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#134B94", shortname = "Liberals",}, ["Liberal Party of the Right"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4955A1", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Tucumán"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#30D5C8", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Party of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal Party USA"] = {abbrev = "LPUSA", color = "#0b106b", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberal People's Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal People's Party (Norway, 1972)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Poland – Entrepreneurs' Strike"] = {abbrev = "PL!SP", color = "#FFD900", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Popular Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3366FF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Progressive Party (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "PLP", color = "#ff7300", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal-Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffcc00", shortname = "Liberal-Radical",}, ["Liberal Reform Party (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "LRP", color = "#00CED1", shortname = "Liberal Reform",}, ["Liberal Reform Party (Czech Republic)"] = {abbrev = "LiRA", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "PRL", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Reformist Party (Dominican Republic)"] = {abbrev = "PLR", color = "#145E2B", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Reformist Party (Puerto Rico)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B9245D", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Reformist Party (Romania)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1A92D0", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Reformist Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00C7CA", shortname = "Liberal Reformist",}, ["Liberal Regenerator Party"] = {abbrev = "PRL", color = "#1935D0", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal–Republican Coalition (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B1855B", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Republican Party (Republic of the Congo)"] = {abbrev = "PRL", color = "#030071", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Republican Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#348AC9", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Republican Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF69B4", shortname = "Liberal Republican",}, ["Liberal Republican Right"] = {abbrev = "DLR", color = "#4EC766", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Samajbadi Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Socialist Party (Singapore)"] = {abbrev = "LSP", color = "#EE5533", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Socialist Party (Switzerland)"] = {abbrev = "PLSS", color = "#F0D90B", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Socialists Party (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00EE00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Social Party"] = {abbrev = "PLS", color = "#fbca44", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal State Party"] = {abbrev = "LSP", color = "#5A5CBD", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Swedish Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Blue", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Unification Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#080B9E", shortname = "Liberal Unification",}, ["Liberal Union (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Liberal Union",}, ["Liberal Union (Germany)"] = {abbrev = "LV", color = "#EEDC82", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Union (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#266DB5", shortname = "Liberals",}, ["Liberal Union (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "LU", color = "#5873DF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Union (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Liberal Union",}, ["Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1E90FF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#69BC39", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Union–Brătianu"] = {abbrev = "UL–B", color = "#FFDD00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Union of Lithuania"] = {abbrev = "LLS", color = "#E8CA58", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Unionist Party"] = {abbrev = "LibU", color = "#2061A2", shortname = "Liberal Unionist",}, ["Liberal Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD300", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Vannin Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FA8000", shortname = "Liberal Vannin",}, ["Liberal-Environmental Party"] = {abbrev = "LES", color = "#008080", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal-Labour (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lib-Lab", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal-Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal–Autonomist Pact"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#40E0D0", shortname = "Liberal–Autonomist",}, ["Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "Liberal–Labour",}, ["Liberal-Social Union"] = {abbrev = "LSU", color = "#50C878", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal–Socialist Kartels"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "Liberal–Socialist",}, ["Liberal/Country coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00557C", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal/National coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00557C", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal/NCP coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00557C", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, -- Generic color, not a party color; specify the actual party ["Liberalism in the Netherlands"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#e7cf25", shortname = "",}, ["Liberalism"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Liberals (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "gold", shortname = "Liberals",}, ["Liberals (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#266DB5", shortname = "Liberals",}, ["Liberals (Sweden)"] = {abbrev = "L", color = "#006AB3", shortname = "Liberals",}, ["Liberals for Åland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1F66CA", shortname = "",}, ["Liberals for Forests"] = {abbrev = "LFF", color = "#05A593", shortname = "Liberals for Forests",}, ["Liberals of Benidorm"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#359E74", shortname = "",}, ["Liberals of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "LS", color = "#FF4F00", shortname = "",}, ["Liberal Movement of the Republic of Lithuania"] = {abbrev = "LRLS", color = "#F48100", shortname = "",}, ["Liberals' Movement (Lithuania)"] = {abbrev = "LS", color = "#FF9300", shortname = "",}, ["Liberals, Democrats and Radicals"] = {abbrev = "LDR", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Liberate the People"] = {abbrev = "YAW", color = "#FF1493", shortname = "",}, ["Liberation Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Liberation Rally"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD7F32", shortname = "",}, ["Liberation Movement (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "O", color = "#18478e", shortname = "",}, ["Liberator Party (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F9AF1E", shortname = "",}, ["Liberia Destiny Party"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#BEC2CB", shortname = "",}, ["Liberia Equal Rights Party"] = {abbrev = "LERP", color = "#23543f", shortname = "",}, ["Liberia National Union"] = {abbrev = "LINU", color = "#2E7286", shortname = "",}, ["Liberia Restoration Party"] = {abbrev = "LRP", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Liberia Transformation Party"] = {abbrev = "LTP", color = "#330104", shortname = "",}, ["Liberian Action Party"] = {abbrev = "LAP", color = "#00FFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Liberian People's Party"] = {abbrev = "LPP", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Libertair, Direct, Democratisch"] = {abbrev = "LDD", color = "#6DCFF6", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Left (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#451255", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Movement (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "PML", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Movement Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BA151B", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PL", color = "#7D03FE", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Party (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1170ce", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C9A900", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Party (Switzerland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "LI", color = "#fed000", shortname = "Libertarian",}, ["Libertarian Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FCC820", shortname = "Libertarian",}, ["Libertarian Party of Australia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E5C601", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarian Party (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "LBT", color = "#FEC327", shortname = "Libertarian",}, ["Libertarian Party of Canada"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F2BA00", shortname = "Libertarian",}, ["Libertarian Party of Russia"] = {abbrev = "LPR", color = "#C5A664", shortname = "Libertarian",}, ["Libertarian Party of South Africa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BE9F4D", shortname = "",}, ["Libertarianz"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#09296B", shortname = "",}, ["Libertas Estonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Libertas France"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#003366", shortname = "Libertas",}, ["Libertas Ireland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3333CC", shortname = "Libertas",}, ["Libertas United Kingdom"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#900020", shortname = "Pro-Democracy: Libertas.eu",}, ["Libertas.eu"] = {abbrev = "Lib.eu", color = "#2c296e", shortname = "",}, ["Liberte sans Frontiere"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#849191", shortname = "",}, ["Liberties, Independents, Overseas and Territories"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#38D4C7", shortname = "LIOT",}, ["Liberty (political party, Palestine)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C69F14", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1882C5", shortname = "Volia",}, ["Liberty and Lawfulness"] = {abbrev = "WiP", color = "grey", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty and Refoundation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "Libre",}, ["Liberty Forward Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0067A5", shortname = "Liberty Forward",}, ["Liberty GB"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000168", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty Korea Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C9151E", shortname = "Liberty Korea",}, ["Liberty Movement of Cameroon Youth"] = {abbrev = "MLJC", color = "#E5B900", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty Party (Liberia)"] = {abbrev = "LP", color = "#01824A", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "HP", color = "#C1F711", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty Party (US, 1932)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00DDDD", shortname = "Liberty",}, ["Liberty Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00DDDD", shortname = "Liberty",}, ["Liberty Republic"] = {abbrev = "LR", color = "#87CEFA", shortname = "Liberty Republic",}, ["Liberty Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009944", shortname = "",}, ["Liberty Unification Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E12F33", shortname = "Liberty Unification",}, ["Liberty Union Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D6FF33", shortname = "Liberty Union",}, ["Liberty, Worth Voting For"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "Liberty",}, ["Libra Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F8D308", shortname = "",}, ["Libre (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#c92b22", shortname = "Libre",}, ["Libre (Guatemala)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3467A1", shortname = "Libre",}, ["Libres"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#194955", shortname = "",}, ["Lider (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00AFF0", shortname = "",}, ["Liechtenstein Homeland Service"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Liepāja Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#50A640", shortname = "",}, ["Life – National Party"] = {abbrev = "Život–NS", color = "#032F67", shortname = "",}, ["Life and Liberty Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Life and Liberty",}, ["Life Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00aeef", shortname = "Život",}, ["Liga Veneta"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0030AA", shortname = "",}, ["LiGanDo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#02A24A", shortname = "",}, ["Light Blue and White Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Light of Faith (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#10C8DF", shortname = "Yiman Nuru",}, ["Ligue du Sud"] = {abbrev = "LS", color = "#404040", shortname = "",}, ["Likud Yisrael Beiteinu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1f5aa5", shortname = "",}, ["Likud"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1f5aa5", shortname = "",}, ["Linares First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1F1715", shortname = "",}, ["Lincoln Democratic Labour Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF34", shortname = "Democratic Labour",}, ["Lincolnshire Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "Lincolnshire Independent",}, ["Linese Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0CB7F2", shortname = "",}, ["Lingkod ng Mamamayan ng Valenzuela City"] = {abbrev = "LINKOD", color = "#FF6984", shortname = "",}, ["Lingkod Taguig"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0051B0", shortname = "",}, ["Linion Moris"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#910810", shortname = "",}, ["Linion Pep Morisien"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Linion Reform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FEF102", shortname = "",}, ["Link to Build"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6600", shortname = "",}, ["Linyon Demokratik Seselwa"] = {abbrev = "LDS", color = "#2C50A4", shortname = "",}, ["List Burgenland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F8D323", shortname = "",}, ["List Dedecker"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000080", shortname = "",}, ["List for Fiume"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#545AA7", shortname = "",}, ["List for Sandžak"] = {abbrev = "LZS", color = "#307A4D", shortname = "",}, ["List for Trieste"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4CBB17", shortname = "",}, ["List of Decency"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC00CC", shortname = "",}, ["List of Marjan Šarec"] = {abbrev = "LMŠ", color = "#005AAB", shortname = "",}, ["Lists of Slavs and Germans"] = {abbrev = "LST", color = "#B00000", shortname = "",}, ["Lista del Apruebo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6F4D9A", shortname = "",}, ["Lista Niun Paso Atras"] = {abbrev = "", color = "gold", shortname = "",}, ["Lisu National Development Party"] = {abbrev = "LNDP", color = "#DC0723", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuania – For Everyone"] = {abbrev = "L–V", color = "#0FC65E", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Centre Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0CA13B", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Centre Union"] = {abbrev = "LCS", color = "#D6D40F", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Christian Democracy Party"] = {abbrev = "LKDP", color = "#375699", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "LKDP", color = "#3D6DBF", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Christian Democrats"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3333CC", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Citizens' Alliance"] = {abbrev = "LPA", color = "#799B6F", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "LDP", color = "#007272", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union"] = {abbrev = "LVŽS", color = "#00A54F", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Farmers, Greens and Christian Families Union"] = {abbrev = "LVŽKŠS", color = "#95D05F", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Green Party"] = {abbrev = "LŽP", color = "#93C93C", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Labour Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2C6BC7", shortname = "Labour Federation",}, ["Lithuanian Liberty Union"] = {abbrev = "LLS", color = "#FBB800", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian List"] = {abbrev = "LS", color = "#810305", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Nationalist and Republican Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FDC52A", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Nationalist Union"] = {abbrev = "LTS", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BBFF02", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Peasants Party"] = {abbrev = "LVP", color = "#BAD759", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian People's Party"] = {abbrev = "LLP", color = "#E6AD1E", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian People's Party (2012)"] = {abbrev = "LŽP", color = "#E6AD1E", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union"] = {abbrev = "LVLS", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Popular Socialist Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "LSLDP", color = "pink", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Regions Party"] = {abbrev = "LRP", color = "#FFCC00", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Russian Union"] = {abbrev = "SRL", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Social Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "LSDS", color = "#901d78", shortname = "",}, ["Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees"] = {abbrev = "LPKTS", color = "#216319", shortname = "",}, ["Livable Netherlands"] = {abbrev = "LN", color = "#FF4400", shortname = "",}, ["Liverpool Community Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800000", shortname = "Community Independents",}, ["Liverpool Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Liverpool Protestant Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F88017", shortname = "Protestant",}, ["Living in Schœlcher"] = {abbrev = "VAS", color = "#2b498e", shortname = "",}, ["Living Ourense"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0082CD", shortname = "",}, ["Living Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "PSUC viu", color = "#C40C34", shortname = "",}, ["Living Upper Harbour"] = {abbrev = "LUH", color = "#00A84A", shortname = "",}, ["LIVRE"] = {abbrev = "L", color = "#C2D216", shortname = "",}, ["Llais Gwynedd"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006400", shortname = "",}, ["Llantwit First Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#999999", shortname = "Llantwit First Independent",}, ["Lliures"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E75C73", shortname = "",}, ["Lloc Espai Independent"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6302B", shortname = "",}, ["LMP – Hungary's Green Party"] = {abbrev = "LMP", color = "#54B586", shortname = "",}, ["Lo Justo por el Perú"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6CC01", shortname = "Lo Justo",}, ["Lo Nostre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FCDD06", shortname = "",}, ["Lower Hutt Citizens' Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B8BFFE", shortname = "Citizens'",}, ["Lobbyists for Children"] = {abbrev = "LfK", color = "#D21461", shortname = "",}, ["Local Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Local and Rural Issues"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Local Danish parties"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C7C3BF", shortname = "",}, ["Local Education Action by Parents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCCCCC", shortname = "",}, ["Local Movement of Independents for the Harmonious Development of Municipalities and Cities"] = {abbrev = "MÍSTNÍ HNHRM", color = "#8ec99b", shortname = "",}, ["Local Option"] = {abbrev = "", color = "silver", shortname = "",}, ["Local Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4500", shortname = "",}, ["Local Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A11D18", shortname = "",}, ["Localist Bloc of Melilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#217118", shortname = "",}, ["Localist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#bb00bb", shortname = "",}, ["Localist groups (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#002366", shortname = "Localist",}, ["Loktantrik Morcha (Rajasthan)"] = {abbrev = "LM", color = "#FF1D15", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Bhalai Party"] = {abbrev = "LBP", color = "#386059", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Insaaf Party"] = {abbrev = "LIP", color = "Maroon", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)"] = {abbrev = "LJP(RV)", color = "#5B006A", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Janshakti Party"] = {abbrev = "LJP", color = "#0093DD", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Kalayankari Janata Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFEFD5", shortname = "Lok Kalayankari Janata Party",}, ["Lok Paritran"] = {abbrev = "LKPT", color = "#f3c0f3", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh"] = {abbrev = "LRP", color = "indigo", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Rajya Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9900FF", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Satta Party"] = {abbrev = "LSP", color = "#FF1493", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Sewak Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Sewak Sangh"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Lok Shakti"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#336600", shortname = "",}, ["Lokdal"] = {abbrev = "LKD", color = "#00FF66", shortname = "",}, ["Lokpriya Samaj Party"] = {abbrev = "LPSP", color = "#66FF99", shortname = "",}, ["Loksangram"] = {abbrev = "LS", color = "#e00808", shortname = "",}, ["Loktanter Suraksha Party"] = {abbrev = "LSP", color = "#FF9900", shortname = "",}, ["Loktantra Suraksha Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Loktantrik Jan Samta Party"] = {abbrev = "LJSP", color = "grey", shortname = "",}, ["Loktantrik Janata Dal"] = {abbrev = "LJD", color = "#2E8B57", shortname = "",}, ["Loktantrik Janata Party (Secular)"] = {abbrev = "LJP(S)", color = "pink", shortname = "",}, ["Loktantrik Morcha Himachal Pradesh"]={abbrev="LHMP",color="",shortname=""}, ["Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal"] = {abbrev = "LSPN", color = "mediumspringgreen", shortname = "Loktantrik Samajwadi",}, ["Londependence Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#751056", shortname = "Londependence",}, ["London Real Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#af0823", shortname = "London Real",}, ["London Socialist Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "London Socialist",}, ["Loneliness Party"] = {abbrev = "<3", color = "#febee3", shortname = "",}, ["Longthornton and Tamworth Residents Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "Longthornton and Tamworth Residents",}, ["Lord Fusituʻa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D3D3D3", shortname = "",}, ["Lord Nuku"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D3D3D3", shortname = "",}, ["Lord Speaker"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Lord Tuʻiʻafitu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D3D3D3", shortname = "",}, ["Lords Spiritual"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F00FF", shortname = "",}, ["Loreto Regionalist Movement"] = {abbrev = "MRL", color = "#005B00", shortname = "",}, ["Loss"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#999999", shortname = "",}, ["Loughton Residents Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#50C878", shortname = "Loughton Residents",}, ["Love Malaysia Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DAE2EA", shortname = "",}, ["Love Party (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF91AF", shortname = "",}, ["Love Sabah Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB5B47", shortname = "",}, ["Love the Nation Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PDKB", color = "#990AC9", shortname = "",}, ["Love, Faith, Hope"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BC413C", shortname = "",}, ["Lower Cinca Between Everyone"] = {abbrev = "ETXSBC", color = "#F57D02", shortname = "",}, ["Lower Minho Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#824941", shortname = "",}, ["Loyalty and Dignity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1e90ff", shortname = "",}, ["LPG Marketers Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE6C16", shortname = "",}, ["Luen Wo United"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Lugonovo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E5432C", shortname = "",}, ["Luhansk Economic Union"] = {abbrev = "LES", color = "#76C5F0", shortname = "",}, ["Lung Mun Concern Group"] = {abbrev = "LMCG", color = "#11A0B4", shortname = "",}, ["Lutte Ouvrière"] = {abbrev = "LO", color = "#AA0000", shortname = "",}, ["Lutte Ouvrière (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "LO", color = "#DB0100", shortname = "",}, ["Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "LSAP", color = "#F10035", shortname = "",}, ["LXE"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#47B9AF", shortname = "",}, ["Lydiate and Maghull Community Independents"] = {abbrev = "L&M Community Independents", color = "#339367", shortname = "",}, ["Lytvyn Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01B8A4", shortname = "",}, ["Lytyn Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Green", shortname = "",}, } return { full = full, alternate = alternate, } d5acti7ces0b6cqf276g81pbkc3b7bw 828 9891 35469 2026-07-08T15:37:30Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} == Updating this submodule == {{Transcluded section|source=Module:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section-h:Module:Political party/doc|Updating the module}}}} ==Color values== {{#invoke:Political party/testtable|tables|letter=L}}' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} == Updating this submodule == {{Transcluded section|source=Module:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section-h:Module:Political party/doc|Updating the module}}}} ==Color values== {{#invoke:Political party/testtable|tables|letter=L}} 6rtuevrrs2mlahgyj4izsrdh99s7tlo 828 9892 35470 2026-07-08T15:39:36Z Avimaarak 3578 'local p = {} local contrastRatio = require('Module:Color contrast')._ratio function __genOrderedIndex(t) local orderedIndex = {} for key in pairs(t) do table.insert(orderedIndex, key) end table.sort(orderedIndex) return orderedIndex end function orderedNext(t, state) -- Equivalent of the next function, but returns the keys in the alphabetic -- order. We use a temporary ordered ke...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35470 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local contrastRatio = require('Module:Color contrast')._ratio function __genOrderedIndex(t) local orderedIndex = {} for key in pairs(t) do table.insert(orderedIndex, key) end table.sort(orderedIndex) return orderedIndex end function orderedNext(t, state) -- Equivalent of the next function, but returns the keys in the alphabetic -- order. We use a temporary ordered key table that is stored in the -- table being iterated. local key = nil if state == nil then -- the first time, generate the index t.__orderedIndex = __genOrderedIndex(t) key = t.__orderedIndex[1] else -- fetch the next value for i = 1, #(t.__orderedIndex) do if t.__orderedIndex[i] == state then key = t.__orderedIndex[i + 1] end end end if key then return key, t[key] end -- no more value to return, cleanup t.__orderedIndex = nil return end function orderedPairs(t) -- Equivalent of the pairs() function on tables. Allows to iterate in order. return orderedNext, t, nil end local function isContrastValid(text, background) if not background or background == "" then return '' end local ratio = tonumber(contrastRatio({text, background})) if not ratio then return "" end if ratio > 4.5 and ratio < 7.0 then return "AA" elseif ratio > 7.0 then return "AAA" else return "Failed" end end local function isColorValid(color) if not color or color == "" then return '' end -- Convert to lowercase. color = color:lower() -- Check if color is using an HTML color name. local HTMLcolor = mw.loadData('Module:Color contrast/colors') if HTMLcolor[color] then return '' end -- Added as a valid color in https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-3/#transparent if color == "transparent" then return "" end -- Remove leading # if there is one. color = string.gsub(color, "^#", "") local cs = mw.text.split(color, '') if #cs == 6 or #cs == 3 then return '' end return false end -- Example of having all the data - color and names - in one table. Requires one page to be edited instead of two when adding a new party. function p.tables(frame) -- Initialise and populate variables local args = frame.args local index = args.letter -- Load data from submodule local data = require('Module:Political party/' .. index) -- helper function local function table_row(party_name, party_info) local res = mw.html.create('') res:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :wikitext(party_name) res:tag('td') :css('background-color', party_info.color) :wikitext(party_info.color) res:tag('td') :wikitext(party_info.abbrev) res:tag('td') :wikitext(party_info.shortname) res:tag('td') :wikitext(tostring(isColorValid(party_info.color))) res:tag('td') :wikitext(isContrastValid("black", party_info.color)) res:tag('td') :wikitext(isContrastValid("#0645AD", party_info.color)) res:tag('td') :wikitext(isContrastValid("#0B0080", party_info.color)) return tostring(res) end -- build table local root = mw.html.create('table') root:addClass('wikitable') :addClass('sortable') :addClass('plainrowheaders') :css('font-size', '90%') :css('line-height', '100%') :cssText(style) local row = root:tag('tr') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('Political party name') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :addClass('unsortable') :wikitext('color') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('abbrev') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('shortname') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('Is color valid?') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('Contrast normal text') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('Contrast unvisited link') row:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'col') :wikitext('Contrast visited link') for party_name, party_vals in orderedPairs(data.full) do row = root:tag('tr') row:wikitext(table_row(party_name, party_vals)) end return tostring(root) end return p n87gts45et9vlpz1uta029gcvrpqb78 828 9893 35471 2026-07-08T15:40:10Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Lua|Module:Color contrast|Module:Color contrast/colors}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lua|Module:Color contrast|Module:Color contrast/colors}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 2w2uf88g3tikvp89hesioos827r6knm 828 9894 35472 2026-07-08T15:42:09Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Jackson Party (United States)"] = "Jacksonian Party", ["Jackson Republican"] = "Democratic-Republican Party", ["Jacksonian Democrat"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Jacksonian Democratic"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Jacksonian Party (United States)"] = "Jacksonian Party", ["Jacksonian Party (US)"] = "Jacksonian Party...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35472 Scribunto text/plain -- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Jackson Party (United States)"] = "Jacksonian Party", ["Jackson Republican"] = "Democratic-Republican Party", ["Jacksonian Democrat"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Jacksonian Democratic"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Jacksonian Party (United States)"] = "Jacksonian Party", ["Jacksonian Party (US)"] = "Jacksonian Party", ["Jacksonian Republican"] = "Democratic-Republican Party", ["Jai jawan jai kisan party"] = "Jai Jawan Jai Kishan Party", ["Jai Prakash Janata Dal"] = "Jai Prakash Janta Dal", ["JAMA (Iranian Party)"] = "JAMA (political party)", ["Jammu & Kashmir Apni Party"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party", ["Jammu & Kashmir Awami National Conference"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference", ["Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party"] = "Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party", ["Jammu & Kashmir People's Conference"] = "Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference", ["Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Front"] = "Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front", ["Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Front (Secular)"] = "Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front", ["Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party", ["Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party", ["Jammu & Kashmir Workers Party"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party", ["Jammu & Kashmir Awami League"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Awami League", ["Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front (Secular)"] = "Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front", ["Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party"] = "Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party", ["Jammu and Kashmir National Conference"] = "Jammu & Kashmir National Conference", ["Jammu and Kashmir People's Movement"] = "Jammu & Kashmir People's Movement", ["Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik"] = "Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)", ["Jana Congress"] = "Orissa Jana Congress", ["Jana Sangh"] = "Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh", ["Jana Sena Party"] = "Janasena Party", ["Jana Setha Peramuna"] = "Janasetha Peramuna", ["Jan Sangh"] = "Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh", ["Janata Dal (S)"] = "Janata Dal (Secular)", ["Janata Dal (U)"] = "Janata Dal (United)", ["Janata Unnayan Party"] = "Aam Janata Unnayan Party", ["Jannayak Janata Party"] = "Jannayak Janta Party", ["January 21 Patriotic Society Party"] = "Patriotic Society Party", ["Janusz Korwin-Mikke Platform"] = "Real Politics Union", ["Japan Communist Party"] = "Japanese Communist Party", ["Japan Cooperative Party (1946–47)"] = "Japan Cooperative Party (1945–46)", ["Japan Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (Japan, 1954)", ["Japan Democratic Party (1954)"] = "Democratic Party (Japan, 1954)", ["Japan Future Party"] = "Tomorrow Party of Japan", ["Japan Innovation Party"] = "Nippon Ishin no Kai", ["Jarosław Gowin's Agreement"] = "Agreement (political party)", ["Jatiya Party"] = "Jatiya Party (Ershad)", ["Jharkhand Vikas Morcha"] = "Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)", ["Jean Gremling's Independent Socialist List"] = "Independent Socialist Party (Luxembourg)", ["Jewish Electoral Group"] = "Jewish National Party", ["Jewish List"] = "Jewish National Party", ["Jewish Party (Austria)"] = "Jewish National Party", ["Jobbik – Conservatives"] = "Jobbik (2020)", ["Junker Party"] = "Moderate Party", ["Junts per Catalunya"] = "Together for Catalonia (2017)", ["Jury Team (UK)"] = "Jury Team", ["Justice (Estonia)"] = "Estonian Left Party", ["Justice Alliance (Hong Kong)"] = "Justice Alliance", ["Justice Party (United States)"] = "Justice Party (US)", } local full = { ["JA21"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#263573", shortname = "",}, ["Jablko"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EA3337", shortname = "",}, ["Jacksonian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDEEFF", shortname = "Jacksonian",}, ["Jacobin Club"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E4433E", shortname = "Jacobin",}, ["Jacqui Lambie Network"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffcb08", shortname = "Lambie Network",}, ["Jaén Deserves More"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3A6A40", shortname = "",}, ["Jaén en Común"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B901DC", shortname = "",}, ["Jaén va a Crecer"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4D8C3B", shortname = "",}, ["Jaén, Sentido y Común"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3765", shortname = "",}, ["Jago Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F984E5", shortname = "",}, ["Jai Bharat Samanta Party"] = {abbrev = "JBSP", color = "#ffc000", shortname = "",}, ["Jai Jawan Jai Kishan Party"] = {abbrev = "JWJK", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Jai Prakash Janta Dal"] = {abbrev = "JPJD", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Jai Samaikyandhra Party"] = {abbrev = "JSP", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["JAMA (political party)"] = {abbrev = "JAMA", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan"] = {abbrev = "JI", color = "#078edf", shortname = "",}, ["Jamaat-e-Islami"] = {abbrev = "JI", color = "#0095cb", shortname = "",}, ["Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir"] = {abbrev = "JIJK", color = "#009F3C", shortname = "",}, ["Jamaica Abolitionist Movement"] = {abbrev = "JAM", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Jamaica Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "JLP", color = "#00A94C", shortname = "",}, ["Jamaica Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "JPP", color = "#822E8E", shortname = "",}, ["Jamhoori Wattan Party"] = {abbrev = "JWP", color = "#F08080", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ahle Hadith"] = {abbrev = "MJAH", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Nazryati"] = {abbrev = "JUINP", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Pakistan (S)"] = {abbrev = "JUI (S)", color = "#696969", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulama-e-Pakistan (Noorani)"] = {abbrev = "JUP (N)", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulama-e-Pakistan"] = {abbrev = "JUP", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)"] = {abbrev = "JUI (F)", color = "#003800", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S)"] = {abbrev = "JUI-S", color = "#696969", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "JUI", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Jamiat-e Islami"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#02923E", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu & Kashmir National Conference"] = {abbrev = "JKNC", color = "#922B3E", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu & Kashmir People's Movement"] = {abbrev = "JKPM", color = "#295428", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party"] = {abbrev = "JKAP", color = "#072a61", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir Awami League"] = {abbrev = "JKAL", color="#bb7dab",shortname="",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference"] = {abbrev = "JKANC", color = "#026B04", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party"] = {abbrev = "JKNPP", color = "#060950", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference"] = {abbrev = "JKPC", color = "#005085", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front"] = {abbrev = "JKPDF", color = "#831310", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "JKPDP", color = "#058532", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu and Kashmir Worker's Party"] = {abbrev = "JKWP", color = "#1FB360", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party"] = {abbrev = "JKPP", color = "#193813", shortname = "",}, ["Jammu Praja Parishad"] = {abbrev = "JPP", color = "#43db3f", shortname = "",}, ["Jamote Qaumi Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#306EFF", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)"] = {abbrev = "JAP(L)", color = "#009F3C", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Chetna Party"] = {abbrev = "JCP", color = "#F7819F", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Ekta Morcha"] = {abbrev = "JEM", color = "#C8FE2E", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Kranti Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#04B4AE", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Morcha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E8B57", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Samanta Party"] = {abbrev = "JSMP", color = "#99D609", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Suraaj Party"] = {abbrev = "JSP", color = "#FFCD19", shortname = "",}, ["Jan Surajya Shakti"] = {abbrev = "JSS", color = "#EC0090", shortname = "",}, ["Jana Andolan Party"] = {abbrev = "JAP", color = "#FFD300", shortname = "",}, ["Janadesh Party"] = {abbrev = "JP", color = "#0e4e81", shortname = "",}, ["Janasena Party"] = {abbrev = "JSP", color = "#e8232a", shortname = "",}, ["Janasetha Peramuna"] = {abbrev = "JSP", color = "#FF4500", shortname = "",}, ["Janadhipathya Kerala Congress"] = {abbrev = "JKC", color = "#87CEEB", shortname = "",}, ["Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha"] = {abbrev = "JRS", color = "Green", shortname = "",}, ["Janamat Party"] = {abbrev = "JP", color = "#ff0080", shortname = "Janamat",}, ["Janamorcha Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "tomato", shortname = "Janamorcha",}, ["Janamukti Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Janata Dal (Secular)"] = {abbrev = "JD(S)", color = "#02865A", shortname = "",}, ["Janata Dal (United)"] = {abbrev = "JD(U)", color = "#003366", shortname = "",}, ["Janata Dal"] = {abbrev = "JD", color = "#2E8B57", shortname = "",}, ["Janata Parivar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Janata Party (Secular)"] = {abbrev = "JP(S)", color = "#06038D", shortname = "",}, ["Janata Party"] = {abbrev = "JP", color = "#1F75FE", shortname = "",}, ["Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna"] = {abbrev = "JVP", color = "#ED1847", shortname = "",}, ["Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy"] = {abbrev = "JSS", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Jannayak Janta Party"] = {abbrev = "JJP", color = "#71b218", shortname = "",}, ["Janotar Dol"] = {abbrev = "JD", color = "#1B472E", shortname = "",}, ["Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)"] = {abbrev = "JD (L)", color = "Yellow", shortname = "Jansatta Dal (L)",}, ["Janshakti Janata Dal"] = {abbrev = "JJD", color = "#F9CC0F", shortname = "",}, ["Janshoshit Samaj Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B9DA4", shortname = "Janshoshit Samaj",}, ["Janta Congress Chhattisgarh"] = {abbrev = "JCC", color = "#FFC0DB", shortname = "",}, ["Janta Sena Rajasthan"] = {abbrev = "JSR", color = "Orange", shortname = "",}, ["Janvadi Party (Socialist)"] = {abbrev = "JP(S)", color = "#1024E4", shortname = "",}, ["Japan Cooperative Party (1945–46)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8451CF", shortname = "",}, ["Japan Farmers Party (1947–1949)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#43D961", shortname = "Farmers",}, ["Japan First Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "Japan First",}, ["Japan Innovation Party (2014–2016)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B8CE43", shortname = "Innovation",}, ["Japan Labour-Farmer Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F94E01", shortname = "Rōnōtō",}, ["Japan Liberal Party (2026)"] = {abbrev = "JLP", color = "#F31700", shortname = "",}, ["Japan Masses Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F94F05", shortname = "Taishūtō",}, ["Japan New Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#037766", shortname = "New Party",}, ["Japan Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7D00A", shortname = "Progressive",}, ["Japan Renewal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007CDA", shortname = "Shinseito",}, ["Japan Restoration Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B9CF41", shortname = "Restoration",}, ["Japan Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#084195", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Japanese Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "JCP", color = "#FF5466", shortname = "",}, ["Japanese Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Japanese",}, ["Jathika Hela Urumaya"] = {abbrev = "NHP", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Jathika Nidahas Peramuna"] = {abbrev = "NFF", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiya Ganotantrik Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiya Party (Ershad)"] = {abbrev = "JP(E)", color = "#F6F600", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiya Party (Manju)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCCC00", shortname = "Jatiya Party (M)",}, ["Jatiya Party (Zafar)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCCC00", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)"] = {abbrev = "JSD (S)", color = "#94065C", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)"] = {abbrev = "JSD (Rab)", color = "#D35DA5", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal"] = {abbrev = "JSD", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0087DC", shortname = "",}, ["Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal"] = {abbrev = "JSD", color = "#BB1278", shortname = "",}, ["Jàmm ak Njariñ"] = {abbrev = "JaN", color = "#005F35", shortname = "",}, ["Jebamani Janata"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC9933", shortname = "",}, ["Jerezan Progressive Initiative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0001FC", shortname = "",}, ["Jerezan Rural Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#36368C", shortname = "",}, ["Jerezanos en Acción"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#154F92", shortname = "",}, ["Jersey 2020"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Jersey Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00A8E8", shortname = "",}, ["Jersey Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "JDA", color = "#8D302D", shortname = "",}, ["Jersey Liberal Conservatives"] = {abbrev = "JLC", color = "#3741F0", shortname = "",}, ["JETZT (party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADADAD", shortname = "",}, ["Jeune Bretagne"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCC33", shortname = "",}, ["Jewish Economic Party"] = {abbrev = "ŽHS", color = "#00B7EB", shortname = "",}, ["Jewish National Party"] = {abbrev = "JNP", color = "#5566CC", shortname = "",}, ["Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DAA520", shortname = "",}, ["Jewish Party (Romania)"] = {abbrev = "PER", color = "#0038B8", shortname = "",}, ["Jezus Leeft"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5175B8", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand Anushilan Party"] = {abbrev = "JHAP", color = "#438D80", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand Disom Party"] = {abbrev = "JDP", color = "#CC6633", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha"] = {abbrev = "JLKM", color = "#E3F899", shortname = ""}, ["Jharkhand Mukti Morcha"] = {abbrev = "JMM", color = "#337316", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand Party (Naren)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0033", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand People's Party"] = {abbrev = "JPP", color = "#BDBDF2", shortname = "",}, ["Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)"] = {abbrev = "JVM(P)", color = "#EDFB06", shortname = "",}, ["Jil Jadid"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3879B8", shortname = "",}, ["Jim Anderton's Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9E9E9E", shortname = "Progressive",}, ["Jinin Kai"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Jiusan Society"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Indianred", shortname = "Jiusan",}, ["Jobbik (2020)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#047B60", shortname = "Jobbik",}, ["Jobbik"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Joe Lhota"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3333", shortname = "",}, ["John Frum Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000080", shortname = "John Frum",}, ["John Hampden New Freedom Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#801818", shortname = "New Freedom",}, ["John Marek Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "JMIP", color = "#FFFFFF", shortname = "",}, ["John Perrot"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC241f", shortname = "Perrotist",}, ["Join Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#890E47", shortname = "",}, ["Join Australia Movement Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E7901F", shortname = "Join Australia",}, ["Joint Economic Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A6FCF9", shortname = "",}, ["Joint Economic Front Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#aacc99", shortname = "",}, ["Joint List"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01B2AC", shortname = "",}, ["Joint List (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Joint List",}, ["Joint Responsibility Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkgreen", shortname = "",}, ["Jones Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D1796B", shortname = "",}, ["Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Jordanian Civil Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f46530", shortname = "",}, ["Jordanian Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CB0124", shortname = "",}, ["Jordanian Democratic People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B11015", shortname = "",}, ["Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DF0024", shortname = "",}, ["José Antonio Circles"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Jubilee Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5051c", shortname = "Jubilee",}, ["Jubilee Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E52C1A", shortname = "Jubilee",}, ["Judged by Your Work Party"] = {abbrev = "AVI", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Judicial Revolution Party"] = {abbrev = "JRP", color = "#549dbe", shortname = "",}, ["JUI-F"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#595959", shortname = "",}, ["Jujuy First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#283B73", shortname = "",}, ["Jujuy People's Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#17117D", shortname = "",}, ["Jumhooree Party"] = {abbrev = "JP", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["June List"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9900", shortname = "",}, ["June Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AAF0D1", shortname = "",}, ["Juntos Ganamos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9A6859", shortname = "",}, ["Juntos Hacemos Historia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B5261E", shortname = "",}, ["Juntos Haremos Historia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B5261E", shortname = "",}, ["Juntos Podemos Más"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Juntos por el Cambio"] = {abbrev = "JxC", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Junts pel Sí"] = {abbrev = "JxSí", color = "#5AB6A1", shortname = "",}, ["Junts per Alaró"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#71B4DF", shortname = "",}, ["Junts per Lô"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E87C4D", shortname = "",}, ["Junts"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5A61AD", shortname = "",}, ["Jury Team"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#708090", shortname = "",}, ["Just and Prosperous People's Party"] = {abbrev = "PRIMA", color = "#20458B", shortname = "",}, ["Justice, Law, Democracy Party"] = {abbrev = "ƏHD", color = "#29617A", shortname = "",}, ["Justice (Artsakh)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2A2F4D", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A6FB5", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Construction Party"] = {abbrev = "JCP", color = "#238CCE", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Development Front"] = {abbrev = "FJD", color = "#6F3412", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Development Party (Morocco)"] = {abbrev = "PJD", color = "#022E5F", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Development Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#fda000", shortname = "AK Party",}, ["Justice and Equality Movement"] = {abbrev = "JEM", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Peace Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5C779", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Reconciliation Party"] = {abbrev = "SPP", color = "#16321B", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party"] = {abbrev = "DREPT", color = "#1BBFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Truth Alliance"] = {abbrev = "DA", color = "#FAA304", shortname = "",}, ["Justice and Welfare Party"] = {abbrev = "UCID", color = "#355E3B", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Coalition (Mongolia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBEC5D", shortname = "Justice Coalition",}, ["Justice Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBEC5D", shortname = "",}, ["Justice First"] = {abbrev = "PJ", color = "#FED141", shortname = "",}, ["Justice for All Party (United States)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDBB", shortname = "Justice for All",}, ["Justice Forum"] = {abbrev = "JEEMA", color = "#2D3094", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Party (2001 UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFEFD5", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Party (Azerbaijan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C20403", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Party (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Party (India)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA07A", shortname = "Justice Party",}, ["Justice Party (Indonesia)"] = {abbrev = "PK", color = "#000000", shortname = "Justice Party",}, ["Justice Party (Kosovo)"] = {abbrev = "PD", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Party (Mongolia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0080FF", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Party (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "JP", color = "#FFCC00", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "AP", color = "#D360BC", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Party (Turkey, 2015)"] = {abbrev = "AP", color = "#D360BC", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Party (Ukraine)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE0700", shortname = "Justice Party",}, ["Justice Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Party of Denmark"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F3F97", shortname = "Justice",}, ["Justice Social Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "ASDP", color = "#DA251C", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Society (Iran)"] = {abbrev = "JC", color = "#ee1c25", shortname = "",}, ["Justice Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#32CD32", shortname = "Justice Unity",}, ["Justicialist Front of Popular Unity"] = {abbrev = "FREJUPO", color = "#318CE7", shortname = "",}, ["Justicialist Liberation Front"] = {abbrev = "FREJULI", color = "#318CE7", shortname = "",}, ["Justicialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PJ", color = "#318CE7", shortname = "",}, ["Juvento"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "",}, ["Juwa Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#14B232", shortname = "Juwa",}, } return { full = full, alternate = alternate, } 28tmj8dhwpyqmgaschgwetdpk06t0nz 828 9895 35473 2026-07-08T15:42:36Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour Party (UK)" would be under [[Module:Political party/L|<code>/L</code>]]). The [[Module:Political party/1|<code>/1</code>]] subpage is for any party that does not start with the letters A to Z of the [[Latin alphabet]] (including numbers and accented characters). For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> ["Örebro Party"] = {abbrev = "ÖP", color = "#000000", shortname = "Örebro Party",}, </syntaxhighlight> The "Örebro Party" begins with a letter that is not in the Latin alphabet, the letter "O" with two dots above it. The two dots are a diacritic mark called an [[Umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]]. This party should be placed on the <code>/1</code> subpage. Within each data submodule are two local groups: <code lang=lua>local alternate</code> and <code lang=lua>local full</code>. ===Alternate party names=== The alternate group is for alternate names of a party. The following is an example of alternate names for the [[Labour Party (UK)]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local alternate = { .... ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ... } </syntaxhighlight> The first entry in square brackets is the alternate name, and the second entry only in quotes is the name found in the <code>full</code> group, seen below. Note that the alternate name of a party should be stored in its corresponding letter-based subpage; "Alabama Democratic Party" is listed in [[Module:Political party/A|/A]] even though it is an alternate name for "Democratic Party (US)" (which is stored in [[Module:Political party/D|/D]]). === Table values === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local full = { .... ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ... } </syntaxhighlight> There are three values stored for each party: * The abbreviation (<code>abbrev</code>). * The color of the party (<code>color</code>), which can either be a [[hex triplet]] or [[Web_colors#Basic colors|basic color name]] or, if the party does not have an associated color, "default". * A shorter name for the party (<code>shortname</code>). The values added to these parameters need not be unique from other parties in this module, unlike the primary name of a party. If a name value is not stored for a party, the module will attempt to return the other "short" name variant before returning the input. Thus, if <code>abbrev</code> is stored but <code>shortname</code> is not, regardless of which value is asked for it will return the <code>abbrev</code> value. ==Requesting an addition or a change == If you are unable to edit a module directly, an edit request will need to be made. Requests should be made at the [[Module talk:Political party|talk page]] in a new section. Copy the following line and fill in {{em|only}} the fields relevant to the party. A party name is required as is at least one other piece of information. See above for information regarding each value. * <code>["party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "",},</code> ==Error messages== {| class="wikitable" |+Module error messages and resolutions !Error message !Resolution |- |Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'sub' (string expected, got table). |An entry intended for the "local full" section has been placed into the "local alternate" section. Move it to the "local full" section |- | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Political party/' not found. | Party added to alternate list with empty value. |- |Value not in template. Please request that it be added. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Value+not+in+template.+Please+request+that+it+be+added.%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) |The party in question has an entry with no color in the "local full" section. (This can be caused by duplicate entries in "local full" that, if present, should be merged.) |- |(no error message, but party color is white/blank) |Add a color for the party to its entry in the "local full" section in the relevant Module:Political party/ lettered data page (see links below). |- |parameter 1 should be a party name ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+1+should+be+a+party+name%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=6facepv07u1udc6gtrdi3x0fy article search]) | A template is trying to feed a missing parameter to the module. Work around this by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Election_box_inline_candidate_with_party_link_no_change&action=history testing for the parameter] in the template. |- |parameter 2 should be the output type ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+2+should+be+the+output+type%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) | |- |} == Data pages == {{div col}} *[[Module:Political party/1|Political party/1]] *[[Module:Political party/A|Political party/A]] *[[Module:Political party/B|Political party/B]] *[[Module:Political party/C|Political party/C]] *[[Module:Political party/D|Political party/D]] *[[Module:Political party/E|Political party/E]] *[[Module:Political party/F|Political party/F]] *[[Module:Political party/G|Political party/G]] *[[Module:Political party/H|Political party/H]] *[[Module:Political party/I|Political party/I]] *[[Module:Political party/J|Political party/J]] *[[Module:Political party/K|Political party/K]] *[[Module:Political party/L|Political party/L]] *[[Module:Political party/M|Political party/M]] *[[Module:Political party/N|Political party/N]] *[[Module:Political party/O|Political party/O]] *[[Module:Political party/P|Political party/P]] *[[Module:Political party/Q|Political party/Q]] *[[Module:Political party/R|Political party/R]] *[[Module:Political party/S|Political party/S]] *[[Module:Political party/T|Political party/T]] *[[Module:Political party/U|Political party/U]] *[[Module:Political party/V|Political party/V]] *[[Module:Political party/W|Political party/W]] *[[Module:Political party/X|Political party/X]] *[[Module:Political party/Y|Political party/Y]] *[[Module:Political party/Z|Political party/Z]] {{div col end}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> p8u25z1xwj7neyuy8uu70tmyqp23f05 828 9896 35474 2026-07-08T15:44:44Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Sa Unió"] = "Sa Unió de Formentera", ["Sanghata Socialist Party"] = "Samyukta Socialist Party", ["Sanjukta Morcha"] = "Social Democratic Alliance", ["Sans étiquette"] = "Independent politician", ["Sanseito"] = "Sanseitō", ["Sarah Game Fair Go for Australians"] = "Sarah Game Fair Go", ["Sarah Game's Fair Go for Australians"] = "Sarah...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35474 Scribunto text/plain -- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Sa Unió"] = "Sa Unió de Formentera", ["Sanghata Socialist Party"] = "Samyukta Socialist Party", ["Sanjukta Morcha"] = "Social Democratic Alliance", ["Sans étiquette"] = "Independent politician", ["Sanseito"] = "Sanseitō", ["Sarah Game Fair Go for Australians"] = "Sarah Game Fair Go", ["Sarah Game's Fair Go for Australians"] = "Sarah Game Fair Go", ["Sarah Game's Fair Go"] = "Sarah Game Fair Go", ["Sarawak Alliance Parties"] = "Sarawak Parties Coalition", ["Sarawak People's Energy Party(TERAS)"] = "Sarawak People's Energy Party", ["Sarawak People's Party"] = "Sarawak Peoples' Party", ["Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party"] = "Progressive Democratic Party", ["Sasna Tsrer"] = "Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party", ["Scania Party"] = "Scanian Party", ["Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party"] = "Scottish Conservatives", ["Scottish Conservative Party"] = "Scottish Conservatives", ["Scottish Green Party"] = "Scottish Greens", ["Scottish Green"] = "Scottish Greens", ["Scottish Labour Party"] = "Scottish Labour", ["Scottish Peoples Alliance"] = "Scottish People's Alliance", ["Scottish Unionist Party"] = "Unionist Party (Scotland)", ["SDP-Liberal Alliance"] = "SDP–Liberal Alliance", ["Seiyuhontō"] = "Seiyūhontō", ["Self Reliance Party"] = "Self Reliance (political party)", ["Self-Defence Alliance"] = "Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland", ["Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland"] = "Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland", ["Self-Defence - Leppera"] = "Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland", ["Self-Government (Faroe Islands)"] = "Sjálvstýri", ["Self-Government Party (Faroe Islands)"] = "Sjálvstýri", ["Semilla (Guatemala)"] = "Movimiento Semilla", ["Senátor 21"] = "Senator 21", ["SEN21"] = "SEN 21", ["Serbia Must Not Stop"] = "Together We Can Do Everything", ["Serbia Against Violence"] = "Serbia Against Violence (coalition)", ["Serbian Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = "Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)", ["Servant of the People (political party)"] = "Servant of the People", ["Sha Tin Community Network"] = "Shatin Community Network", ["Shakai Minshuto"] = "Social Democratic Party (Japan, 1926)", ["Shakai Minshūtō"] = "Social Democratic Party (Japan, 1926)", ["Shan National League for Democracy"] = "Shan Nationalities League for Democracy", ["Shan Nationalities Democ"] = "Shan Nationalities Democratic Party", ["Shiva Sena"]="Shiv Sena", ["Shiv Sena (2022–Present)"] = "Shiv Sena (2022–present)", ["Shiv Sena (UBT)"] = "Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (ACT)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (NSW)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (NT)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (QLD)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (SA)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (TAS)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (VIC)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (WA)"] = "Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party", ["Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal"] = "Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal", ["Sikkim National People’s Party"] = "Sikkim National People's Party", ["Silvelists"] = "Silvelist Party", ["Silver Party (United States)"] = "Silver Party", ["Silver Party (US)"] = "Silver Party", ["Singapore Malay National Organisation"] = "Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura", ["Singapore Malay National Organization"] = "Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura", ["Sinhala Heritage"] = "Jathika Hela Urumaya", ["Sinhala Language Front"] = "Sinhala Bhasa Peramuna", ["Sinn Féin the Workers Party"] = "Sinn Féin The Workers' Party", ["Sinn Fein"] = "Sinn Féin", ["SLD"] = "Left and Democrats", ["SLDLR"] = "Left Together", ["SLDUP"] = "Left and Democrats", ["Slovakia (political movement)"] = "Slovakia (political party)", ["Slovak PATRIOT"] = "Slovak Patriot", ["Smallholders' Party of Finland"] = "Finnish Rural Party", ["SP.A–Spirit"] = "sp.a–Spirit", ["Social Commitment Force"] = "Citizen Revolution", ["Social Democracy (Italy, 1922)"] = "Social Democracy (Italy)", ["Social Democratic Centre Party"] = "CDS – People's Party", ["Social Democratic Labour Party of Finland"] = "Social Democratic Party of Finland", ["Social Democratic Left Party (Sweden)"] = "Left Party (Sweden)", ["Social Democratic Opposition"] = "Social Democratic Party of Finland", ["Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945-65)"] = "Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)", ["Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)"] = "Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)", -- dash difference ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)"] = "Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990)", ["Social Democratic Party (East Timor)"] = "Social Democratic Party (Timor-Leste)", ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990-present)"] = "Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)", ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990 - present)"] = "Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)", ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990)"] = "Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)", ["Social Democratic Party (United States)"] = "Social Democratic Party (US)", ["Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = "Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)", ["Social Democratic Party of Japan"] = "Social Democratic Party (Japan)", ["Social Democratic Party of Slovenia"] = "Slovenian Democratic Party", ["Social Democratic Party of the Roma"] = "Party of the Roma", ["Social Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party"] = "Social Democratic Party (Mexico)", ["Social and Democratic Power"] = "Social Democratic Power", ["Social Democratic Union (Latvia)"] = "Social Democratic Party (Latvia)", ["Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany"] = "Social Democratic Party of Germany", ["Social Democrats (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = "Social Democrats of Bosnia and Herzegovina", ["Social Party of National Unity"] = "Union Party for the People", ["Social-Liberal Union (Romania)"] = "Social Liberal Union", ["Socialism and Freedom Party"] = "Socialism and Liberty Party", ["Socialist Action (U.S.)"] = "Socialist Action (US)", ["Socialist Action (United States)"] = "Socialist Action (US)", ["Socialist Alliance Party (Romania)"] = "Romanian Socialist Party (2003)", ["Socialist Alternative - Putting People First"] = "Socialist Alternative – Putting People First", ["Socialist Alternative (United States)"] = "Socialist Alternative (US)", ["Socialist Equality Party (United States)"] = "Socialist Equality Party (US)", ["Socialist Labor Party (United States)"] = "Socialist Labor Party of America", ["Socialist Labor Party (US)"] = "Socialist Labor Party of America", ["Socialist Labor Party"] = "Socialist Labor Party of America", ["Socialist Left Party (Norway)"] = "Socialist Left Party", ["Socialist Party-1"] = "Socialist Party – 1", ["Socialist Party – Differently"] = "Socialist Party Differently", ["Socialist Party Different"] = "Socialist Party Differently", ["Socialist Party (Flanders)"] = "Socialist Party Differently", ["Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)"] = "Socialist Party (Belgium)", ["Socialist Party (German-speaking Community)"] = "Socialist Party (Belgium)", ["Socialist Party (Thailand)"] = "Socialist Party of Thailand", ["Socialist Party (UK)"] = "Socialist Party of Great Britain", ["Socialist Party (United States)"] = "Socialist Party (US)", ["Socialist Party of Austria"] = "Social Democratic Party of Austria", ["Socialist Party of Cantabria"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Castile and León"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Galicia"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Ireland"] = "Socialist Party (Ireland)", ["Socialist Party of La Rioja"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Madrid"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Mexico"] = "Socialist Party", ["Socialist Party of Navarre"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of Nepal"] = "Nepal Socialist Party", ["Socialist Party of Oregon"] = "Socialist Party of America", ["Socialist Party of Oregon (Columbia County, Oregon)"] = "Socialist Party of America", ["Socialist Party of Majorca"] = "Socialist Party of Mallorca", ["Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of the Basque Country"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of the Canaries"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of the Region of Murcia"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Party of the Valencian Country"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialist Unity (Spain)"] = "People's Socialist Party (Spain)", ["Socialist Workers Party (Ireland)"] = "Socialist Workers Network", ["Socialist Workers Party (Britain)"] = "Socialist Workers Party (UK)", ["Socialist Workers Party (United States)"] = "Socialist Workers Party (US)", ["Socialist Workers Party of the District of Columbia"] = "Socialist Workers Party (US)", ["Socialist-Revolutionary Party"] = "Socialist Revolutionary Party", ["Socialistische Partij Anders"] = "Socialist Party Differently", ["Socialists' Party of Aragon"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Socialists' Party of Galicia"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Solidariedade"] = "Solidarity (Brazil)", ["Solidarity Renewal Federation"] = "Solidary Renewal Federation", ["solidaritéS"] = "Solidarity (Switzerland)", ["SolidaritéS"] = "Solidarity (Switzerland)", ["Solidarity (Greenland)"] = "Atassut", ["Solidarity-People Before Profit"] = "Solidarity–People Before Profit", -- dash differences ["Somali People's Democratic Party"] = "Ethiopian Somali People's Democratic Party", ["Sopi Coalition"] = "Senegalese Democratic Party", ["SOS Romania"] = "S.O.S. Romania", ["South African Party (Cape Colony)"] = "South African Party", ["South Carolina Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["South Carolina Republican Party"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["South Dakota Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["South Dakota Republican Party"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Southern Rights Party"] = "Southern Rights Party (US)", ["South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)"] = "SWAPO", ["Southern Democratic (United States)"] = "Southern Democratic (US)", ["Southern Democrats"] = "Southern Democratic (US)", ["Sovereign People's Party"] = "Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)", ["Sovereignty (Scotland)"] = "Restore Scotland", ["Soyuz"] = "Soyuz (political party)", ["SP.A"] = "Socialist Party Differently", ["Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights"] = "CEDA", ["Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right"] = "CEDA", ["Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Extremadura"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of the Community of Madrid"] = "Spanish Socialist Workers' Party", ["Speaker of the British House of Commons"] = "Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)", ["SPOLU (Czech Republic)"] = "Spolu", ["Spolu (Czech Republic)"] = "Spolu", ["SPOLU (Czech Republic, 2025)"] = "Spolu (2025)", ["Spolu (Czech Republic, 2025)"] = "Spolu (2025)", ["Spring"] = "Spring (political party)", ["Sri Lanka People's Party"] = "Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya", ["SRP"] = "Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland", ["State of Justice Coalition"] = "State of Justice", ["States Rights"] = "States' Rights Party", ["States' Rights"] = "States' Rights Party", ["Stop Immigration"] = "Stop the Immigration", ["Stop the Decline"] = "Act to Stop the Decline", ["Stratford Fi"] = "Stratford First Independent", ["Stronnictwo Chłopskie"] = "Peasant Party (Poland)", ["Sudan People's Liberation Movement - Democratic Change"] = "Democratic Change (South Sudan)", ["Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union"] = "Sudanese Socialist Union", ["Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party"] = "Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party", ["Sumar Més"] = "Sumar (electoral platform)", ["Sumar (electoral alliance)"] = "Sumar (electoral platform)", ["Sustainable Australia"] = "Sustainable Australia Party", ["Sustainable Development of Croatia"] = "Green Alternative - Sustainable Development of Croatia", ["Swatantra Bharat Paksha"] = "Swatantra Bharat Paksh", ["Swedish Left"] = "Liberal Swedish Party", ["Swedish People's Party (Finland)"] = "Swedish People's Party of Finland", ["Swedish People's Party"] = "Swedish People's Party of Finland", ["Swiss Conservative People's Party"] = "Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland", ["SZ"] = "Green Party (Czech Republic)", ["Saxon People's Party"] = "Social Democratic Party of Germany", } local full = { ["S'illoters and Sympathisers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4B5CAA", shortname = "",}, ["Sa Unió de Formentera"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009FDD", shortname = "",}, ["SA Best"] = {abbrev = "SAB", color = "#ff6300", shortname = "SA Best",}, ["Sa-Shakti Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "Sa-Shakti",}, ["Saadist Institutional Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C71585", shortname = "Saadist",}, ["Saba Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SLP", color = "#2B41A7", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah Chinese Association"] = {abbrev = "SCA", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party"] = {abbrev = "SCCP", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah Heritage Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A4E5FC", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah National Momogun Party"] = {abbrev = "MOMOGUN", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah Nationality Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#599E59", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah Native Co-operation Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F49950", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah People's Front"] = {abbrev = "SPF", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah People's Hope Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6F92C0", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah People's United Front"] = {abbrev = "BERJAYA", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah People's Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCD00", shortname = "",}, ["Sabah Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "SAPP", color = "#F8F6BC", shortname = "",}, ["Sadamaioría"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2872AF", shortname = "",}, ["Sadbhavana Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "seagreen", shortname = "Sadbhavana",}, ["Sadrist Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Saenuri Party (2017)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DA1F49", shortname = "Saenuri",}, ["Saenuri Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C01920", shortname = "Saenuri",}, ["Safe Chile"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#155EB3", shortname = "",}, ["Safe Home (Estonia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Safe Streets"] = {abbrev = "BU", color = "#2473b6", shortname = "",}, ["Safina (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC6633", shortname = "Safina",}, ["SAGIP Partylist"] = {abbrev = "SAGIP", color = "#E20C0C", shortname = "",}, ["Sagunto and Port Centrists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#71DAFF", shortname = "",}, ["Sahaphum Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#aacc99", shortname = "",}, ["Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance"] = {abbrev = "BSW", color = "#792351", shortname = "",}, ["Sai Kung Commons"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4DB847", shortname = "",}, ["Saint Barth First!"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0066CC", shortname = "",}, ["Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SKNLP", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "",}, ["Saint Lucia Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "Labour Party",}, ["Saint-Martinois Rally"] = {abbrev = "RSM", color = "#03693a", shortname = "",}, ["Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Green Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9ACD32", shortname = "",}, ["Saint Vincent Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SVLP", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "",}, ["Saisei no Michi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6E126F", shortname = "",}, ["Sąjūdis"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3A923A", shortname = "",}, ["Sąkdalista"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Salaam Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#265D41", shortname = "Salaam",}, ["Salamanca Valiente"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E1CA00", shortname = "",}, ["Salceda Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A6CE37", shortname = "",}, ["Salta Renewal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1E90FF", shortname = "",}, ["Salvadoran Authentic Institutional Party"] = {abbrev = "PIAS", color = "darkblue", shortname = "",}, ["Salvadoran Democracy"] = {abbrev = "DS", color = "#40F600", shortname = "",}, ["Salvadoran Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "PAIS", color = "#01355D", shortname = "",}, ["Salvadoran Laborist Party"] = {abbrev = "PLS", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Laborist",}, ["Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity"] = {abbrev = "FPS", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "",}, ["Salvadoran Popular Party"] = {abbrev = "PPS", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "Popular",}, ["Salvadoran Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "PSP", color = "#3A4FA2", shortname = "Progressive",}, ["Sam Rainsy Party"] = {abbrev = "SRP", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Sama Sama Tarlac"] = {abbrev = "SST", color = "#98FB98", shortname = "",}, ["Samabima Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FD327C", shortname = "",}, ["Samagi Jana Balawegaya"] = {abbrev = "SJB", color = "#0B9444", shortname = "",}, ["Samajbadi Party, Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC0CB", shortname = "Samajbadi",}, ["Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party, Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#c03000", shortname = "Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party",}, ["Samajwadi Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Samajwadi Forward Bloc"] = {abbrev = "SFB", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Samajwadi Jan Parishad"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#669966", shortname = "",}, ["Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)"] = {abbrev = "SJP(R)", color = "#74C365", shortname = "",}, ["Samajwadi Janata Party"] = {abbrev = "SJP", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Samajwadi Party"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#FF2222", shortname = "",}, ["SAMAK"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A4262A", shortname = "",}, ["Samartín Electors' Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#386D8C", shortname = "",}, ["Samata Kranti Dal"] = {abbrev = "SKD", color = "#008080", shortname = "",}, ["Samata Party"] = {abbrev = "SAP", color = "#F26F21", shortname = "",}, ["Samata Samaj Party"] = {abbrev = "SMSP", color = "#999966", shortname = "",}, ["Samata Sangharsh Party"] = {abbrev = "SSGP", color = "#D0F5A9", shortname = "",}, ["Samathuva Makkal Katchi"] = {abbrev = "SMK", color = "#fe0000", shortname = "",}, ["Sámi Parliament of Norway"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB4B2D", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PDCS", color = "#9CB2D8", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "PCS", color = "#C50B11", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Communist Refoundation"] = {abbrev = "RCS", color = "#3900FF", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "PPDS", color = "#DD2A3D", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Democratic Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSDS", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "UDS", color = "#000DC0", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Fascist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Fascist Party",}, ["Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSDIS", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese National Alliance"] = {abbrev = "ANS", color = "#008CE4", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese People's Party"] = {abbrev = "PPS", color = "#000033", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Populars"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#00CCFF", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSS", color = "#EC062A", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarinese Union of Moderates"] = {abbrev = "USDM", color = "#019AD3", shortname = "",}, ["Sammarineses for Freedom"] = {abbrev = "SpL", color = "#005797", shortname = "",}, ["Sammaa Sovereign Party"] = {abbrev = "SSP", color = "#55A93D", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa All People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SAPP", color = "#FC7F9C", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa Democratic Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "SDRP", color = "#F4C430", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa First Party"] = {abbrev = "SFP", color = "#823E0D", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SLP", color = "#5AA12B", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Samoa Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "SLP", color = "#00CED1", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa National Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "SNDP", color = "#F50808", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa Party"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#FFE8E8", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa Progressive Political Party"] = {abbrev = "SPPP", color = "#FFE5B4", shortname = "",}, ["Samoa Uniting Party"] = {abbrev = "SUP", color = "#2A722A", shortname = "",}, ["Samoan Conservative Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "SCPP", color = "#48AAAD", shortname = "",}, ["Samoan Democratic United Party"] = {abbrev = "SDUP", color = "#75ff75", shortname = "",}, ["Samoan National Development Party"] = {abbrev = "SNDP", color = "#75ff75", shortname = "",}, ["Samoan United People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SUPP", color = "#EF9B0F", shortname = "",}, ["Samogitian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FC3031", shortname = "Samogitian",}, ["Samopomich"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E8B57", shortname = "",}, ["Samruddha Odisha"] = {abbrev = "SAMO", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Samsø Common List"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Samta Party"] = {abbrev = "SAP", color = "#fcad03", shortname = "",}, ["Samyak Parivartan Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#292A0A", shortname = "",}, ["Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "maroon", shortname = "Samyukta Janamorcha",}, ["Samyukta Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "SSP", color = "#33CC00", shortname = "",}, ["Samyukta Vidhayak Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C171A1", shortname = "",}, ["San Felipe de Austria Civic Movement"] = {abbrev = "MCSFA", color = "#BA0001", shortname = "",}, ["San Fernando de Henares Sí Puede"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0D7C52", shortname = "",}, ["San Marino Common Good"] = {abbrev = "SMBC", color = "#4DBB4B", shortname = "",}, ["San Sebastián Independent Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE9936", shortname = "",}, ["Sandinista National Liberation Front"] = {abbrev = "FSLN", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "",}, ["Sandinista Renovation Movement"] = {abbrev = "MRS", color = "#FF8C00", shortname = "",}, ["Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch"] = {abbrev = "", color = "hotpink", shortname = "",}, ["Sangkum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Sanjukta Morcha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#bd0f0f", shortname = "",}, ["Sanlakas"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000CD", shortname = "",}, ["Sanluquenian Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD6599", shortname = "",}, ["Sanluqueños Independientes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FCDD09", shortname = "",}, ["Sanse Sí Se Puede"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#543756", shortname = "",}, ["Sanseitō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE7300", shortname = "",}, ["Sant Cugat Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4B7454", shortname = "",}, ["Santa Cruz Common Sense"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0D468B", shortname = "",}, ["Sanyukt Sangharsh Party"] = {abbrev = "SSP", color = "green", shortname = "SSP",}, ["Sanyukt Samaj Morcha"] = {abbrev = "SSM", color = "#026D37", shortname = "SSM",}, ["Saoradh"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A5D23", shortname = "",}, ["Sarah Game Fair Go"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#77182e", shortname = "Fair Go",}, ["Sarangani Reconciliation and Reformation Organization"] = {abbrev = "SARRO", color = "#B0E0E6", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak Chinese Association"] = {abbrev = "SCA", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak Malaysian People's Association"] = {abbrev = "PERMAS", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak National Party"] = {abbrev = "SNAP", color = "#717190", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak Parties Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6060", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak People's Energy Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4A460", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak People's National Party"] = {abbrev = "NEGARA", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak People's Organisation"] = {abbrev = "SAPO", color = "#A600A6", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak Peoples' Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#57D757", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak United Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FDF642", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak United Peoples' Party"] = {abbrev = "SUPP", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Sarawak Workers Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E2E2C0", shortname = "",}, ["Sarvajana Balaya"] = {abbrev = "SB", color = "#072E6E", shortname = "",}, ["Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9900", shortname = "",}, ["Sardinia Nation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E04C38", shortname = "",}, ["Sardinian Action Party"] = {abbrev = "PSd'Az", color = "#282828", shortname = "",}, ["Sardinia Project"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#ED6E07", shortname = "",}, ["Sardinian Reformers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2B65EC", shortname = "",}, ["Sarmu probo nisi"] = {abbrev = "SPN", color = "#E0218A", shortname = "",}, ["Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha"] = {abbrev = "SKP", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D42222", shortname = "",}, ["Sauti ya Umma"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Save Austria"] = {abbrev = "RETT", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Save Bucharest Union"] = {abbrev = "USB", color = "#007EF9", shortname = "",}, ["Save Chase Farm"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0066FF", shortname = "",}, ["Save Huddersfield NHS"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Save Local Hospitals"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4500", shortname = "",}, ["Save Nature"] = {abbrev = "RN", color = "#6c9900", shortname = "",}, ["Save NHS Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9966CC", shortname = "",}, ["Save Romania Union"] = {abbrev = "USR", color = "#00aae7", shortname = "",}, ["Save Romania Union (2022)"] = {abbrev = "USR", color = "#002A59", shortname = "",}, ["Save the Nation Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1C077E", shortname = "",}, ["Save Ullevål Hospital"] = {abbrev = "RUS", color = "#e84e0e", shortname = "",}, ["Savior Party of Honduras"] = {abbrev = "PSH", color = "#4CC8EF", shortname = "",}, ["Sawab (Mauritania)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#262F74", shortname = "Sawab",}, ["Sawaba"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AB8DCF", shortname = "",}, ["Saqqawists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808080", shortname = "",}, ["Saxon Peasants"] = {abbrev = "SLv", color = "#11DD11", shortname = "",}, ["Say No to European Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Sámi People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SáB", color = "#025AA0", shortname = "",}, ["Sàmm Sa Kàddu"] = {abbrev = "SSK", color = "#FFC704", shortname = "Kàddu",}, ["Scanian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009933", shortname = "",}, ["Schallenberg Cabinet"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Scheduled Castes Federation"] = {abbrev = "SCF", color = "violet", shortname = "",}, ["Schittulli Political Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1464BE", shortname = "Schittulli Movement",}, ["Schleswig Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4F410", shortname = "",}, ["Schleswig-Holstein Farmers and Farmworkers Democracy"] = {abbrev = "SHBLD", color = "#77BB42", shortname = "",}, ["Science Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "white", shortname = "Science",}, ["Science Party (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#13C5E9", shortname = "",}, ["Scotia Future"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9063CD", shortname = "",}, ["Scotland Against Crooked Lawyers"] = {abbrev = "SACL", color = "#008080", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Christian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9966CC", shortname = "Scottish Christian",}, ["Scottish Common Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3b5694", shortname = "Scottish Common",}, ["Scottish Conservatives"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0087DC", shortname = "Conservative",}, ["Scottish Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SDA", color = "MediumOrchid", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Ecology Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6AB023", shortname = "Scottish Ecology",}, ["Scottish Enterprise Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3333CC", shortname = "Scottish Enterprise",}, ["Scottish Families and Pensioners Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BBD9DB", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Family Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#19369A", shortname = "Scottish Family",}, ["Scottish Fishing Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "Fishing",}, ["Scottish Greens"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B140", shortname = "Green",}, ["Scottish Homeland Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#08088A", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Jacobite Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9966CC", shortname = "Scottish Jacobite",}, ["Scottish Labour Party (1888)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B22222", shortname = "Scottish Labour",}, ["Scottish Labour Party (1976)"] = {abbrev = "SLP", color = "Darkred", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Scottish Liberal Democrats"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAA61A", shortname = "Liberal Democrats",}, ["Scottish Liberal Democrats (2025)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6400", shortname = "Liberal Democrats",}, ["Scottish Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffd700", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Scottish Libertarian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0DC83", shortname = "Scottish Libertarian",}, ["Scottish Militant Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#a22f32", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish National Congress"] = {abbrev = "", color ="#FCDD8D", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish National Party"] = {abbrev = "SNP", color = "#FDF38E", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish nationalism"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "Independent Nationalist",}, ["Scottish Parliament"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#52318D", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99CCFF", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Pensioners Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BBD9DB", shortname = "Scottish Pensioners",}, ["Scottish People's Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#87cefa", shortname = "Scottish People's",}, ["Scottish Prohibition Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "Scottish Prohibition",}, ["Scottish Protestant League"] = {abbrev = "SPL", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Republican Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "gold", shortname = "Scottish Republican Socialist",}, ["Scottish Rural Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#edecce", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Senior Citizens Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC66CC", shortname = "Scottish Senior Citizens",}, ["Scottish Social and Liberal Democrats"] = {abbrev = "SSLD", color = "#fdbb30", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Socialist Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#990033", shortname = "Scottish Socialist",}, ["Scottish Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff0000", shortname = "Scottish Socialist",}, ["Scottish Unionist Party (1986)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5555FF", shortname = "Scottish Unionist",}, ["Scottish United Trades Councils Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Scottish Trades Councils",}, ["Scottish Voice"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#660099", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Workers Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Scottish Workers' Representation Committee"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#b22222", shortname = "Scottish Workers",}, ["SDP–Liberal Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Alliance",}, ["Se Acabó La Fiesta"] = {abbrev = "SALF", color = "#785A46", shortname = "",}, ["Se Mueve Salamanca"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B40030", shortname = "",}, ["Se Puede Ganar Telde"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6B309B", shortname = "",}, ["Second Reform Era Party"] = {abbrev = "2RK", color = "#F1DB7B", shortname = "",}, ["Secular Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SDA", color = "#E4032E", shortname = "Mahajot",}, ["Secular Party of India"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#66FF33", shortname = "",}, ["Secular Progressive Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SPA", color = "#DD1100", shortname = "",}, ["Security, Order and Liberty"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E46113", shortname = "",}, ["Segni Pact – National Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0054A5", shortname = "",}, ["Segni Pact"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC31A", shortname = "",}, ["Segovia en Común"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#931F1F", shortname = "",}, ["Segoviemos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E85300", shortname = "",}, ["Seijika Joshi 48 Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E289B6", shortname = "Seijika Joshi",}, ["Seine-Saint-Denis at Heart!"] = {abbrev = "SSDAC", color = "#df9324", shortname = "",}, ["Seiyūhontō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFE4C4", shortname = "Seiyūhontō",}, ["Self Reliance (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006B2D", shortname = "Self Reliance",}, ["Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland"] = {abbrev = "SRP", color = "#FFCD1A", shortname = "",}, ["Self-Determination Movement"] = {abbrev = "LVV", color = "#CC0033", shortname = "",}, ["Self-determination and Freedom"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#592E6B", shortname = "",}, ["Self-employed Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009999", shortname = "",}, ["Self-employed Spanish Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#94BADE", shortname = "",}, ["Self-Sacrifice National Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#29298C", shortname = "Fidokorlar",}, ["Selston Area Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Semangat 46"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Senate Pact 2023"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0F519D", shortname = "Senate Pact",}, ["Senate 2001"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1356A3", shortname = "",}, ["Sentim Sabadell"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E10280", shortname = "",}, ["Senator 21"] = {abbrev = "SEN 21", color = "#00A2AD", shortname = "",}, ["SEN 21"] = {abbrev = "SEN 21", color = "#1A4973", shortname = "",}, ["SEN 21 and Volt"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#353776", shortname = "SEN 21 a Volt",}, ["Senegalese Democratic Bloc"] = {abbrev = "BDS", color = "#FF8080", shortname = "",}, ["Senegalese Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PDS", color = "#427BBE", shortname = "",}, ["Senegalese Democratic Union – Renewal"] = {abbrev = "USD/R", color = "#427BBE", shortname = "",}, ["Senegalese Party of Socialist Action"] = {abbrev = "PSAS", color = "#FF2010", shortname = "",}, ["Senegalese Popular Bloc"] = {abbrev = "BPS", color = "#9DD647", shortname = "",}, ["Senegalese Solidarity Party"] = {abbrev = "PSS", color = "#0000A0", shortname = "",}, ["Senior Citizens Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B2929", shortname = "Senior Citizens",}, ["Senior Citizens Partylist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E31A30", shortname = "",}, ["Senior Citizens' Party of Finland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E8FF14", shortname = "",}, ["Seniors Solidarity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "Seniors Solidarity",}, ["Sentir Aranda"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EABD10", shortname = "",}, ["Sephardim and Oriental Communities"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0047AB", shortname = "",}, ["Septembrism"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "Septembrist",}, ["Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#38659C", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AC6443", shortname = "",}, ["Serb List (2012)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkred", shortname = "Serb List",}, ["Serb List (Kosovo)"] = {abbrev = "SL", color = "#173968", shortname = "",}, ["Serb List"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#173968", shortname = "",}, ["Serb National Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#CD00CD", shortname = "",}, ["Serb People's Party (Croatia)"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#C6363C", shortname = "",}, ["Serb People's Party (Montenegro)"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#e6e600", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#242970", shortname = "",}, ["Serbia 21"] = {abbrev = "S21", color = "#018FBF", shortname = "",}, ["Serbia Against Violence (coalition)"] = {abbrev = "SPN", color = "#F22C27", shortname = "",}, ["Serbia Centre"] = {abbrev = "SRCE", color = "#364FA3", shortname = "",}, ["Serbia in the West"] = {abbrev = "SNZ", color = "#03ABB5", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Civic Initiative"] = {abbrev = "GIS", color = "#253F8A", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Democracy"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#114DB4", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#38659C", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Democratic Party (Serbia, 1990–2003)"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#2957A4", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Democratic Party (Serbia, 2011)"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#006cb7", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Democratic Party of Kosovo and Metohija"] = {abbrev = "SDSKM", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Chetnik Movement (1990)"] = {abbrev = "SČP", color = "#0091CF", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Democratic Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#2957A4", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Democratic Renewal Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0C4BAC", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Left (2015)"] = {abbrev = "LS", color = "#ec1d25", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Left (2022)"] = {abbrev = "SL", color = "#C8373E", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "SLS", color = "#0e4c8c", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian National Party (2014)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A377B", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian National Renewal"] = {abbrev = "SNO", color = "#6184d8", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian National Peasant Accord"] = {abbrev = "SNSS", color = "#835C3B", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Party Oathkeepers"] = {abbrev = "SSZ", color = "#174B84", shortname = "",}, ["Serb Party of Socialists"] = {abbrev = "SPS", color = "#C6363C", shortname = "",}, ["Serb People's Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "SPRS", color = "#0065AE", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Patriotic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SPAS", color = "#1F305E", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian People's Party (2014)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A377B", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Progressive Party (Kingdom of Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ABC8C0", shortname = "Progressive",}, ["Serbian Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#242970", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Radical Party \"9th January\""] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Radical Party of Republika Srpska"] = {abbrev = "SRS RS", color = "#4682B4", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "SRS", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Renewal Movement"] = {abbrev = "SPO", color = "#4B9CD3", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Right"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#A2006D", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian Social Democratic Party (Kingdom of Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "SSDP", color = "#D21F1B", shortname = "",}, ["Serbian State-Building Bloc"] = {abbrev = "SDB", color = "#0215B5", shortname = "",}, ["Serbisyo sa Bayan Party"] = {abbrev = "SBP", color = "#E3242B", shortname = "",}, ["Serbisyong Inklusibo–Alyansang Progresibo"] = {abbrev = "SIAP", color = "#162c17", shortname = "",}, ["Seri Manangkhasila Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0800", shortname = "Seri Manangkhasila",}, ["Serious Change"] = {abbrev = "TAJ", color = "#2596BE", shortname = "",}, ["Seritham Party (1979)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Seritham",}, ["Seritham Party (1992)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Seritham",}, ["SER Santa Cruz"] = {abbrev = "SER", color = "#0268B3", shortname = "",}, ["Servant of the People"] = {abbrev = "SN", color = "#38B34A", shortname = "Servant of the People",}, ["Serve America Movement"] = {abbrev = "SAM", color = "#0F4D92", shortname = "",}, ["Setembrista"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#990000", shortname = "",}, ["Settlers' Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4F632E", shortname = "Settlers",}, ["Seven Star Movement"] = {abbrev = "TL", color = "#239DAC", shortname = "",}, ["Severočeši.cz"] = {abbrev = "", color = "lightblue", shortname = "",}, ["Seychelles Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000099", shortname = "Democratic",}, ["Seychelles National Party"] = {abbrev = "SNP", color = "#059649", shortname = "",}, ["Seychellois Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#47d1ed", shortname = "",}, ["Sfida për Shqipërinë"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7941F", shortname = "",}, ["Sha Tin Community Vision"] = {abbrev = "STCV", color = "#F39800", shortname = "",}, ["Shakai Taishūtō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DF1210", shortname = "",}, ["Shaking up Parliament – Voice of the Last Generation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F04D22", shortname = "Last Generation",}, ["Shamiram (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF1D9A", shortname = "Shamiram",}, ["Shan Nationalities Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "SNDP", color = "#298000", shortname = "",}, ["Shan Nationalities League for Democracy"] = {abbrev = "SNLD", color = "#FFE63B", shortname = "",}, ["Shanti Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "Shanti Party",}, ["Sharvodaya Party"] = {abbrev = "Sharvodaya", color = "blue", shortname = "Sharvodaya",}, ["Shas"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Shaqaalaha Xoogsatada Ah"] = {abbrev = "SXA", color = "#5b9bd4", shortname = "",}, ["Shared Ground"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAFB09", shortname = "",}, ["Shatin Community Network"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#97B0F8", shortname = "",}, ["Shau Kei Wan East Future"] = {abbrev = "SKWEF", color = "#FEF013", shortname = "",}, ["Sheppey First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#999999", shortname = "",}, ["Shepway Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Shetland Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0065CC", shortname = "",}, ["Shiji Seitō Nashi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A1684", shortname = "",}, ["Shimpotō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD8888", shortname = "",}, ["Shintō Hitori Hitori"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B0EC", shortname = "",}, ["Shinui"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3081C0", shortname = "",}, ["Shirikisho Party of Kenya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "Shirikisho",}, ["Shirinyan-Babajanyan Alliance of Democrats"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD383A", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)"] = {abbrev = "SAD(A)", color = "#FFCF00", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Akali Dal (Mann)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCF00", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)"] = {abbrev = "SAD(S)", color = "orangered", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)"] = {abbrev = "SAD(M)", color = "#FFCF00", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Akali Dal"] = {abbrev = "SAD", color = "#0F204A", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee"] = {abbrev = "SGPC", color = "#FF9933", shortname = "",}, ["Shiromani Lok Dal"] = {abbrev = "SLD", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Shiv Sena (Rashtravadi)"] = {abbrev = "SS(R)", color = "#61210B", shortname = "",}, ["Shiv Sena"] = {abbrev = "SS", color = "#F37020", shortname = "",}, ["Shiv Sena (2022–present)"] = {abbrev = "SHS", color = "#E37405", shortname = "",}, ["Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)"] = {abbrev = "SS(UBT)", color = "#FD7D24", shortname = "",}, ["Shivsena Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Shlomtzion (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0047AB", shortname = "Shlomtzion",}, ["Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party"] = {abbrev = "SFF", color = "#E52B50", shortname = "Shooters",}, ["Shore Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#501557", shortname = "",}, ["Shore Voice"] = {abbrev = "SV", color = "#EB4E3F", shortname = "",}, ["Shola-e Javid"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Shoshit Samaj Party"] = {abbrev = "SHSP", color = "#2EFE64", shortname = "",}, ["Shōwakai"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A9A92D", shortname = "",}, ["Shram Sanskriti Party"] = {abbrev = "SSP", color = "#754D26", shortname = "Shram Sanskriti",}, ["Shura Party for Development"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A963A9", shortname = "Choura",}, ["Shura-i-Islam"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000080", shortname = "",}, ["Shqipëria Bëhet"] = {abbrev = "LSHB", color = "#F57F20", shortname = "",}, ["SíCreo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CF2B47", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Cumple"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF8000", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Es Pot Gandia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5E215C", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Podemos Canarias"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6F2965", shortname = "Podemos–SSP–Equo",}, ["Sí se Puede Benidorm"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F3888", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Calvià"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#602F66", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Dos Hermanas"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A2C65", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Irun"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#620079", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Las Rozas y Las Matas"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#612F64", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Llucmajor"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#692F6C", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede San Fernando"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#632C63", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Santurtzi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5B2E8B", shortname = "",}, ["Sí Se Puede Valladolid"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#703167", shortname = "",}, ["Siam Democrat Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#030B59", shortname = "Siam Democrat",}, ["Siamese Power Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7B2D00", shortname = "Siamese Power",}, ["Sicilian Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004F91", shortname = "",}, ["Siegburger Citizens Union"] = {abbrev = "SBU", color = "#00437F", shortname = "",}, ["Sierra Leone People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SLPP", color = "#006600", shortname = "",}, ["Sierra Norte Independent Citizens"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E3DAC9", shortname = "",}, ["Sigamos Haciendo Historia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B5261E", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary)"] = {abbrev = "SC (R)", color = "#7F00FF", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Democratic Front"] = {abbrev = "SDF", color = "#FBEC5D", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad"] = {abbrev = "SHRP", color = "#666600", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Janata Congress"] = {abbrev = "SJC", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Janata Parishad"] = {abbrev = "SJP", color = "#5bb30e", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Janata Party"] = {abbrev = "SJP", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Krantikari Morcha"] = {abbrev = "SKM", color = "#ED1E26", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim National Congress"] = {abbrev = "SNC", color = "#007FFF", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim National Party"] = {abbrev = "SNP", color = "#FF5F3F", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim National People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SNPP", color = "#E11584", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Prajatantra Congress"] = {abbrev = "SPC", color = "#00BFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "SRP", color = "#0a0f77", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim Sangram Parishad"] = {abbrev = "SSP", color = "#663300", shortname = "",}, ["Sikkim State Congress"] = {abbrev = "SSC", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Silesian Autonomy Movement"] = {abbrev = "RAŚ", color = "#144172", shortname = "",}, ["Silesian Regional Party"] = {abbrev = "ŚPR", color = "#004996", shortname = "",}, ["Silesians Together"] = {abbrev = "ŚR", color = "#F0D719", shortname = "",}, ["Silvelist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#52A4DD", shortname = "Silvelist",}, ["Silver Legion of America"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C0C0C0", shortname = "",}, ["Silver Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A3BFBA", shortname = "Silver",}, ["Silver Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F2CED4", shortname = "Silver Republican",}, ["Sind United Party"] = {abbrev = "SUP", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Sindh National Front"] = {abbrev = "SNF", color = "#ed1c24", shortname = "",}, ["Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party"] = {abbrev = "STP", color = "#00008b", shortname = "",}, ["Sindh United Party"] = {abbrev = "SUP", color = "#F08080", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SA", color = "#7700EE", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SDA", color = "#CB00CC", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#BC0001", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore Justice Party"] = {abbrev = "SJP", color = "#CDCC00", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore People's Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SPA", color = "#9933EE", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SPP", color = "#AA0099", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore United Front"] = {abbrev = "SUF", color = "#FF9900", shortname = "",}, ["Singapore United Party"] = {abbrev = "SUP", color = "#808080", shortname = "",}, ["Singaporeans First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4365DD", shortname = "SingFirst",}, ["Single Tax Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4C915F", shortname = "Single Tax",}, ["Sinhala Bhasa Peramuna"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Sinhaladeepa Jathika Peramuna"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f06335", shortname = "",}, ["Sinhalaye Mahasammatha Bhoomiputra Pakshaya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Sinn Féin"] = {abbrev = "SF", color = "#326760", shortname = "Sinn Féin",}, ["Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)"] = {abbrev = "AT-SF", color = "#326760", shortname = "Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)",}, ["Sinn Féin (Official)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D73D3D", shortname = "",}, ["Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)"] = {abbrev = "PT-SF", color = "#326760", shortname = "Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)",}, ["Sinn Féin (Provisional)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008800", shortname = "Sinn Féin (Provisional)",}, ["Sinn Féin The Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "SF–WP", color = "#D73D3D", shortname = "Sinn Féin The Workers' Party",}, ["Sinn Féin – The Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "SF–WP", color = "#D73D3D", shortname = "Sinn Féin The Workers' Party",}, ["Sint Maarten Christian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A52A2A", shortname = "",}, ["SIRA Party"] = {abbrev = "SIRA", color = "#01CAF6", shortname = "",}, ["Sisi Kwa Sisi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCFF99", shortname = "",}, ["Siumut"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C08f00", shortname = "",}, ["Siumut (2021)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0202", shortname = "",}, ["Siva Senai"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Siyanie"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0C4EA5", shortname = "",}, ["Sizwe Ummah Nation"] = {abbrev = "SUN", color = "#99E308", shortname = "",}, ["Sjálvstýri"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6327F", shortname = "",}, ["Skegness Urban District Society"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "",}, ["Skelmersdale Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ded9c3", shortname = "",}, ["SKG Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC4A3E", shortname = "",}, ["Skuteczni"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1D25", shortname = "",}, ["Slavic Party (Ukraine)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F528C3", shortname = "",}, ["Slavic Union (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "ZS", color = "#429A29", shortname = "",}, ["Slavonia-Baranja Croatian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00adef", shortname = "",}, ["Sligo Ratepayers Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation"] = {abbrev = "ISO", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Independent Socialist",}, ["Slough Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "silver", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Conservative Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0F75BC", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Democratic and Christian Union"] = {abbrev = "SDKÚ", color = "#0750A4", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "SDKÚ–DS", color = "#0750A4", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Democratic Coalition"] = {abbrev = "SDK", color = "#FFDD00", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Green Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak National and Peasant Party"] = {abbrev = "SNaRS", color = "#214F15", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak National Party (historical)"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#214F15", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak National Party"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#253A79", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Patriot"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#113057", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Slovak Togetherness"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#29166F", shortname = "",}, ["Slovaks Forward"] = {abbrev = "SN", color = "#83D0F4", shortname = "",}, ["Slovakia (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#42b5c2", shortname = "Slovakia",}, ["Slovene Christian Democrats"] = {abbrev = "SKD", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Slovene People's Party (historical)"] = {abbrev = "SLS", color = "#74ca37", shortname = "",}, ["Slovene People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#89B688", shortname = "",}, ["Slovene Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#253487", shortname = "",}, ["Slovenia is Ours"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E50066", shortname = "",}, ["Slovenian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#FCDC00", shortname = "",}, ["Slovenian Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "SDZ", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Slovenian National Party"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "#221F1F", shortname = "",}, ["Slovenian People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SLS", color = "#83be60", shortname = "",}, ["Small Farmers Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "forestgreen", shortname = "",}, ["Small Farmers' Party of Finland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "forestgreen", shortname = "",}, ["Small Planters, Labourers and Farmers Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#201D96", shortname = "",}, ["Smart Politics (Ukraine)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00264A", shortname = "Smart&nbsp;Politics",}, ["SNK European Democrats"] = {abbrev = "SNK ED", color = "#FFDF00", shortname = "",}, ["SNK Union of Independents"] = {abbrev = "SNK SN", color = "#FFDF00", shortname = "",}, ["sp.a–Spirit"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Sobiranistes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D91770", shortname = "",}, ["Sociaal-Liberale Partij"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Social Action Centre"] = {abbrev = "CASA", color = "#0f1c8f", shortname = "",}, ["Social Action Party (India)"] = {abbrev = "SLAP", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Social Action Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "Social Action",}, ["Social Agrarian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#d3d3d3", shortname = "Social Agrarian",}, ["Social Agreement (Greece)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007A74", shortname = "",}, ["Social Agreement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008080", shortname = "",}, ["Social Alliance Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#da3927", shortname = "",}, ["Social Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Social Alliance (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#1e1c49", shortname = "",}, ["Social Alternative Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9C1A34", shortname = "",}, ["Social Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000080", shortname = "",}, ["Social Alternative (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "AS", color = "#2E2D2D", shortname = "Social Alternative",}, ["Social and Basque Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#669933", shortname = "",}, ["Social and Civic Agreement"] = {abbrev = "ACyS", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social and Ecologist Left"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#604161", shortname = "",}, ["Social and Liberal Democrats"] = {abbrev = "SLD", color = "#FAA61A", shortname = "",}, ["Social and Political Assembly"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D2003F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Aragonese Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#153D7B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Centre Party"] = {abbrev = "PCS", color = "#583e27", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Conservative Party"] = {abbrev = "PCSC", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Democracy of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#87CEFA", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Party (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "PSC", color = "#009118", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Party (Ecuador)"] = {abbrev = "PSC", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Party (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "PCS", color = "#C54B8C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Party (Ukraine)"] = {abbrev = "SKhP", color = "#fa8f31", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Reformist Party"] = {abbrev = "PRSC", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRSC", color = "#BC141A", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Revolutionary Party"] = {abbrev = "PRSC", color = "#ff0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Sicilian Union"] = {abbrev = "USCS", color = "#FFEF00", shortname = "",}, ["Social Christian Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "PUSC", color = "#0454A3", shortname = "",}, ["Social Commitment to Humanes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3883F6", shortname = "",}, ["Social Convergence"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF1455", shortname = "",}, ["Social Credit Party (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CBE800", shortname = "Social Credit",}, ["Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#228B22", shortname = "Social Credit",}, ["Social Credit-NZ"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CBE800", shortname = "Social Credit",}, ["Social Defence Committee"] = {abbrev = "CDS", color = "#154ABB", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy (Czech Republic)"] = {abbrev = "SOCDEM", color = "#FF5F61", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1E99C5", shortname = "Social Democracy",}, ["Social Democracy (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#061BA8", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy and Progress"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AC2058", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy of Poland"] = {abbrev = "SDPL", color = "#d6312d", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland"] = {abbrev = "SdRP", color = "#cc2229", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "SODEP", color = "#325E2C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democracy Party of Albania"] = {abbrev = "PDS", color = "#DA251C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrat Hunchakian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#c00", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrat Movement"] = {abbrev = "MDS", color = "#43B53C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrat Party (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrat Party (El Salvador)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#FF0040", shortname = "Social Democrat",}, ["Social Democrat Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Action of Croatia"] = {abbrev = "ASH", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1400", shortname = "Social&nbsp;Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Alliance (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "Social Democratic Alliance",}, ["Social Democratic and Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SDLP", color = "#2AA82C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic and Labour Party (2025)"] = {abbrev = "SDLP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3333CC", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic and Popular Convergence"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Bolivia"] = {abbrev = "BSD", color = "#FFDD11", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Convention"] = {abbrev = "CDS-Mogotiguiya", color = "#3394E1", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Force"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)"] = {abbrev = "SDF", color = "#2E9968", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Harmony Party"] = {abbrev = "KDM", color = "#F6787F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Initiative (Kosovo)"] = {abbrev = "NISMA", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Institutional Bloc"] = {abbrev = "SDIB", color = "#ffb6c1", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania"] = {abbrev = "LSDDP", color = "#C1272D", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF5050", shortname = "Social Democratic Labour",}, ["Social Democratic League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden (1921)"] = {abbrev = "SSV", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden"] = {abbrev = "SSV", color = "#b00000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "SODELPA", color = "#00529F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Movement"] = {abbrev = "MDS", color = "#4CBB17", shortname = "Demócratas",}, ["Social Democratic Movement – Green Party of São Tomé and Príncipe"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006600", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Andorra)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#E30613", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Angola)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#BF1818", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Benin)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#49796B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "SDP&nbsp;BiH", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#0087DC", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1987)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#FAC72D", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Cape Verde)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7c3479", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Central African Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Timor-Leste)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (El Salvador)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F84000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Estonia)"] = {abbrev = "SDE", color = "#E10600", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Faroe Islands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D20D44", shortname = "Social&nbsp;Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E4007C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Gabon)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Guinea-Bissau)"] = {abbrev = "PDS", color = "#b22323", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Hungary)"] = {abbrev = "SZDP", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AA0000", shortname = "Social&nbsp;Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Japan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3D9BE7", shortname = "Social&nbsp;Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Japan, 1926)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#DF1210", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Latvia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE1326", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkorange", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Mauritania)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#1C3D22", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Mexico)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#e02128", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Mexico, 1980)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#4a1616", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Moldova)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4040", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF79BC", shortname = "Social Democrat",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Niger)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9ECF40", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#1EB23C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Papua New Guinea)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#FF1900", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#FF9900", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Romania)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#EF3340", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Rwanda)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#00BFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF004F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F58400", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#D84927", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Spain, 1976)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Taiwan)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#FF3366", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Tajikistan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#213481", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1979)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8A795D", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#2C478A", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#D25469", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#7D26CD", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3100", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\""] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE222B", shortname = "Harmony",}, ["Social Democratic Party \"Truth and Progress\""] = {abbrev = "", color = "#29B94C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party in the GDR"] = {abbrev = "SPD", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Albania (2021)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0C5D34", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Albania"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#EA131C", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of America"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Austria"] = {abbrev = "SPÖ", color = "#E42712", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B83F34", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE3B3B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Croatia"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Finland"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#F54B4B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Georgia"] = {abbrev = "SSDP", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Germany"] = {abbrev = "SPD", color = "#E3000F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Hungary"] = {abbrev = "MSZDP", color = "#BE1F2E", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of India"] = {abbrev = "SDPI", color = "#32CD32", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Kenya"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#D40000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Kosovo"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#EA394B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan"] = {abbrev = "SDPK", color = "#186498", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Lithuania"] = {abbrev = "LSDP", color = "#E10514", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Macedonia"] = {abbrev = "SDPM", color = "#E3000A", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Madagascar"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#FF0126", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Melilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4272BF", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Montenegro"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#FF1A1A", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Russia (1990)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D8271D", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Russia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D60A0B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Popular Accord"] = {abbrev = "SDPNZ", color = "pink", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "SDPS", color = "#FF355E", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Slovakia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E02816", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Sri Lanka"] = {abbrev = "SDPSL", color = "#93361F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Switzerland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E4002B", shortname = "Social Democrats",}, ["Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)"] = {abbrev = "SDPU(o)", color = "#4B0082", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Party of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "SDPU", color = "#FE0002", shortname = "",}, ["Social-Democratic Party of Wisconsin"] = {abbrev = "SDPW", color = "#FF6060", shortname = "Social-Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Social Democratic",}, ["Social Democratic Path"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#074DA2", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#b03b3b", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Pole of Romania"] = {abbrev = "PDSR", color = "#ED2128", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "SHP", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Power"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0001C", shortname = "Podemos",}, ["Social Democratic Progress Party"] = {abbrev = "PPSD", color = "#39d430", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "Social Democrat Radical",}, ["Social Democratic Rally"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F15F26", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Union (Romania)"] = {abbrev = "USD", color = "#bf0202", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Union (Kosovo)"] = {abbrev = "SDU", color = "#CF312E", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Union of Macedonia"] = {abbrev = "SDSM", color = "#063A73", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (2020)"] = {abbrev = "SDSM", color = "#BF1E24", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders"] = {abbrev = "TPSL", color = "#A41C37", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "SDAP", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Workers' Party in Subcarpathian Rus'"] = {abbrev = "SDRPPR", color = "#e82814", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria"] = {abbrev = "SDAPÖ", color = "#ce000c", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democratic"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrats (Croatia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D81F25", shortname = "Social&nbsp;Democrats",}, ["Social Democrats (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C82518", shortname = "Social&nbsp;Democrats",}, ["Social Democrats (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#752F8B", shortname = "Social Democrats",}, ["Social Democrats (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#EF2F2E", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01509F", shortname = "Social Democrats",}, ["Social Democrats (Slovenia)"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#E3000F", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrats of America"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1651", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrats of Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = {abbrev = "SD BiH", color = "#D10000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrats of Montenegro"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#F04949", shortname = "",}, ["Social Democrats, USA"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE2139", shortname = "",}, ["Social Encounter Party"] = {abbrev = "PES", color = "#6E2F7D", shortname = "",}, ["Social Forces Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Social Freedom Party"] = {abbrev = "TÖP", color = "#FFD500", shortname = "",}, ["Social Green Regionalist Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#83B926", shortname = "Social Green Regionalist",}, ["Social Impulse (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AB5AFF", shortname = "",}, ["Social Justice Movement"] = {abbrev = "RSS", color = "#f0141c", shortname = "",}, ["Social Justice Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#32CD32", shortname = "Social Justice",}, ["Social Justice Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#437048", shortname = "Social Justice Party",}, ["Social Justice Team"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Social Justice, Citizen Participation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8E1F85", shortname = "",}, ["Social Justice"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B73622", shortname = "",}, ["Social Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "PST", color = "#5C9CD7", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Humanist Party"] = {abbrev = "PUSL", color = "#0066B6", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE7520", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Party (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Party (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "PSL", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Party (Maldives)"] = {abbrev = "SLP", color = "Yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Party (Tunisia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Orange", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Party of Sandžak"] = {abbrev = "SLPS", color = "#EDF67D", shortname = "",}, ["Social Liberal Union"] = {abbrev = "USL", color = "#FFB901", shortname = "",}, ["Social Movement (Ukraine)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E3302A", shortname = "",}, ["Social Movement \"Harmony\""] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9C38", shortname = "Harmony",}, ["Social Movement for Renewal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#cd5c5c", shortname = "",}, ["Social National Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Social Nationalist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f0e68c", shortname = "Social Nationalist",}, ["Social Participative Democracy"] = {abbrev = "DSP", color = "#3f2212", shortname = "",}, ["Social Party Imberakuri"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f37a85", shortname = "PS-Imberakuri",}, ["Social Party of Gandia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8A368B", shortname = "",}, ["Social Patriotic Unity Movement"] = {abbrev = "MUSPA", color = "#744991", shortname = "",}, ["Social Pole"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffa500", shortname = "",}, ["Social Power Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F78320", shortname = "Social Power",}, ["Social Progress Party (Morocco)"] = {abbrev = "PPS", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Social Progress Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D2B48C", shortname = "Social Progress",}, ["Social Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "PSP", color = "#FF7F50", shortname = "",}, ["Social Progressive Union of Corvera"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9600", shortname = "",}, ["Social Reconciliation Reform and Development Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "TURK Party",}, ["Social Renewal Party (Angola)"] = {abbrev = "PRS", color = "#FEB40A", shortname = "",}, ["Social Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRS", color = "#153E7E", shortname = "",}, ["Social Thai Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DFAB53", shortname = "Social Thai",}, ["Social Union of the Workers of Bolivia"] = {abbrev = "USTB", color = "#582E75", shortname = "",}, ["Social Unity of Bierzo Electors"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED7224", shortname = "",}, ["Social-National Party of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A08903", shortname = "",}, ["Social-Political Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0B3861", shortname = "",}, ["Socialism and Liberty Party"] = {abbrev = "PSOL", color = "#E2202A", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Action (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Socialist Action",}, ["Socialist Action (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD3700", shortname = "Socialist Action",}, ["Socialist Action Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#41D842", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Action Party (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "PASO", color = "#3B3C36", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Action Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE2A29", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Alliance (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "SA", color = "#990000", shortname = "Socialist Alliance",}, ["Socialist Alliance (England)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Socialist Alliance",}, ["Socialist Alliance (Sri Lanka)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Alliance of Working People"] = {abbrev = "SSRNJ", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Alternative – Putting People First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFBBBB", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Alternative (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B81C00", shortname = "Socialist Alternative",}, ["Socialist Alternative (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "Socialist Alternative",}, ["Socialist Alternative (England, Wales & Scotland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "Socialist Alternative",}, ["Socialist Alternative (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Socialist Alternative",}, ["Socialist Alternative Movement"] = {abbrev = "MAS", color = "#D40000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Alternative Politics"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Aotearoa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff1100", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Collective"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F2808E", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Cooperation Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B034", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Current Organisation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Democracy (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF7F57", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Democracy of Guinea"] = {abbrev = "DSG", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Democracy Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D90000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Democratic Federation (Japan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Socialist Democratic",}, ["Socialist Democratic Unionist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007A3D", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Democratic Vanguard Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Destourian Party"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "FireBrick", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Electoral League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dc0028", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#b30000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Environmental Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BB0000", shortname = "Socialist Environmental",}, ["Socialist Equality Party (Germany)"] = {abbrev = "SGP", color = "#BA141A", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Equality Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#960018", shortname = "Socialist Equality",}, ["Socialist Equality Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D30101", shortname = "Socialist Equality",}, ["Socialist Forces Front"] = {abbrev = "FFS", color = "#263586", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Front (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Socialist Front",}, ["Socialist Green Unity Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "Socialist Unity",}, ["Socialist Group"] = {abbrev = "SOC", color = "#F0001C", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Janata (Democratic)"] = {abbrev = "SJ(D)", color = "#138808", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Janata Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FF66", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Janata Party"] = {abbrev = "SJP", color = "#0B2161", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Justice Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#990000", shortname = "Socialist Justice",}, ["Socialist Labor Party of America"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD051D", shortname = "Socialist Labor",}, ["Socialist Labour (India)"] = {abbrev = "SL", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Labour Party (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "SLP", color = "#AD3030", shortname = "Socialist Labour",}, ["Socialist Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE1C25", shortname = "Socialist Labour",}, ["Socialist Labour Party (UK, 1903)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD051D", shortname = "Socialist Labour",}, ["Socialist Labour Party of Croatia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist League (Venezuela)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist League Vpered"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB0B0B", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Liberation Party"] = {abbrev = "1920 TKP", color = "#00A8D4", shortname = "Socialist Liberation",}, ["Socialist Left (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "IS", color = "#E20612", shortname = "Socialist Left",}, ["Socialist Left (Peru)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF7F50", shortname = "Socialist Left",}, ["Socialist Left Party (Austria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0033", shortname = "Socialist Left Party",}, ["Socialist Left Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B5317C", shortname = "Socialist Left",}, ["Socialist Mass Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Mexican Party"] = {abbrev = "PMS", color = "#F50800", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Movement for Integration"] = {abbrev = "LSI", color = "#FF7070", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Nation Party"] = {abbrev = "SNP", color = "#EE82EE", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist October"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F00000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Pact for Renewal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party – Broad Front of Ecuador"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AA0000", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party – Peasant Party"] = {abbrev = "SPU–SelPU", color = "#F6584D", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#FF9900", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (Bolivia, 1971)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#FF4D4D", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (England and Wales)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#ED1941", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#E3265B", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (India, 1948)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#33CC00", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (India, 2011)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party (Morocco)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#63D207", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party (Netherlands, interbellum)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#800000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#F60000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (Northern Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#FF66FF", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (Peru)"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#FF4040", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (Puerto Rico)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD3700", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (Ramakant Pandey)"] = {abbrev = "SOP(RP)", color = "#A9F5BC", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (San Marino)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4EB7F0", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (South Africa)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EF4122", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (Sweden, 1929)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF1F00", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (Sweden, 1971)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (Tunisia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD3700", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party (Zambia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE2827", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party Differently"] = {abbrev = "sp.a", color = "#DC241F", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Albania"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#5E3894", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of America"] = {abbrev = "S", color = "#CD3700", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006A20", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Aragon"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4433", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Azania"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "BSD", color = "#E00024", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist)"] = {abbrev = "BSD (Marxist)", color = "#DF1F26", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E20002", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE2818", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Chile"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE0021", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party of Egypt"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE2029", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Great Britain"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC241f", shortname = "Socialist (GB)",}, ["Socialist Party of Greece"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DA251D", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Guinea-Bissau"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Iceland"] = {abbrev = "SPI", color = "#EF4839", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party of India (1955)"] = {abbrev = "SOC", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Indonesia"] = {abbrev = "PSI", color = "#FA0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Ireland (1971)"] = {abbrev = "SPI", color = "#FF3333", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party of Labour"] = {abbrev = "PSM", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Latvia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B4171E", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Lithuania"] = {abbrev = "LSP", color = "#cc0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Macedonia"] = {abbrev = "SPM", color = "#C40000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Malaysia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Mallorca"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6600", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Menorca"] = {abbrev = "PSM", color = "#F18E00", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Moldova"] = {abbrev = "PSM", color = "#D8271F", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of National Liberation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6600", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Peru (1930)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Republika Srpska"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff4500", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Romania"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Senegal"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#007806", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "SPS", color = "#A60C19", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Slovenia"] = {abbrev = "SSS", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Sri Lanka"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Tajikistan"] = {abbrev = "SPT", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Thailand"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Socialist Party",}, ["Socialist Party of the Andalusian People"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of the Czechoslovak Working People"] = {abbrev = "SSČLP", color = "#C41E3A", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of the Islands"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC8F23", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of the National Left"] = {abbrev = "PSIN", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of the Oppressed"] = {abbrev = "ESP", color = "#0094D0", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC9900", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (1974)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FEE46E", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Timor"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "SPU", color = "#640000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Uruguay"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party of Venezuela"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6391B2", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party of Yugoslavia"] = {abbrev = "SPJ", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party USA"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD3700", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party without Borders"] = {abbrev = "PSF", color = "#E37C7B", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist Party Yelen Kura"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ACC7E5", shortname = "PS Yelen Kura",}, ["Socialist Party – 1"] = {abbrev = "PS-1", color = "#DF0024", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC241F", shortname = "Socialist",}, ["Socialist People's Forum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CB000B", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist People's Front"] = {abbrev = "SPF", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist People's Front (Ceylon)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist People's Party (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "PPS", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist People's Party (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "SF", color = "#eb94d1", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist People's Party (Furness)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Socialist People's Party",}, ["Socialist People's Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dc0028", shortname = "Socialist People's",}, ["Socialist People's Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "SNS", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist People's Party of Montenegro"] = {abbrev = "SNP", color = "#00A2E4", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Popular Alliance Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E1A95F", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Radical Party (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE1100", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Rebirth (2015)"] = {abbrev = "RS", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Socialist Rebirth",}, ["Socialist Refoundation Party"] = {abbrev = "SYKP", color = "#F01B23", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Republican Coalition for Andalusia"] = {abbrev = "CRSxA", color = "#2B6631", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Republican Party (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C71585", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Republican Party (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#228B22", shortname = "Socialist Republican",}, ["Socialist Republican Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "SCP", color = "#EE1C25", shortname = "Socialist Republican",}, ["Socialist Republican Union"] = {abbrev = "USR", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Republican Union Party"] = {abbrev = "PURS", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Resistance (Russia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0103", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Revolution Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#CC3333", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Revolutionaries (Lesotho)"] = {abbrev = "SR", color = "#FC3E04", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Revolutionary Party"] = {abbrev = "SRs", color = "#B4121A", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Revolutionary Party (Lesotho)"] = {abbrev = "SRP", color = "#F2430C", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party (South Africa)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1C1C", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Romania Alliance"] = {abbrev = "ARS", color = "#CE1126", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Single Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E25600", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Union of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F2706E", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Union of Popular Forces"] = {abbrev = "USFP", color = "#E15691", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unionist Party (Syria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BF0202", shortname = "Socialist Unionist",}, ["Socialist United Party of Russia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB0713", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unity (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "US", color = "#FF8282", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unity (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4D00", shortname = "Socialist Unity",}, ["Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)"] = {abbrev = "SUCI(C)", color = "#e88468", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unity Centre of India"] = {abbrev = "SUCI", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unity Party (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unity Party (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EA0A34", shortname = "Socialist Unity",}, ["Socialist Unity Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "SBP", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Unity Party of Germany"] = {abbrev = "SED", color = "#DC241F", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers Network"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#660000", shortname = "Socialist Workers",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (Algeria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PTS", color = "#FF6347", shortname = "Socialist Workers Party",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A52A2A", shortname = "Socialist Workers",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (Peru)"] = {abbrev = "PST", color = "#A10000", shortname = "Socialist Workers Party",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF355E", shortname = "Socialist Workers",}, ["Socialist Workers Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "SWP", color = "#AA0000", shortname = "Socialist Workers",}, ["Socialist Workers Party of Iran"] = {abbrev = "SWPI", color = "#AA0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PTS", color = "#f72300", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Party (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#810F0F", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Party (Greece)"] = {abbrev = "SEK", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Party of Finland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Party of Germany"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C40000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey"] = {abbrev = "TSİP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Socialiste Militant Progressiste"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FCBACC", shortname = "",}, ["Socialisti.sk"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EF462B", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists and Republicans (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8C5194", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists for Cartagena"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D01408", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists for Reform"] = {abbrev = "SR", color = "#FF4B19", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists for Teruel"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC3433", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DB3537", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists' Party of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "PSC", color = "#FF001C", shortname = "",}, ["Socialists' Unification of the Basque Country"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Society – Political Party of the Successors of Kapodistrias"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#853ea4", shortname = "Society",}, ["Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution"] = {abbrev = "SDIR", color = "#1963a4", shortname = "",}, ["Society of Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution"] = {abbrev = "SPIR", color = "#000", shortname = "",}, ["Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8d9075", shortname = "Seminary Teachers",}, ["Society of the Friends of Peasants"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6495ED", shortname = "Bondevennerne",}, ["Society Party (Norway, 1930s)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCC66", shortname = "Society",}, ["Society Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Socio-Political Movement \"Equality\""] = {abbrev = "", color = "#017BBC", shortname = "",}, ["Solid North Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Solid North",}, ["Solidarnost"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF5A00", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9C2B", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF8C00", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "Sol", color = "#BF2D2E", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity (Polish trade union)"] = {abbrev = "NSZZ", color = "#F89AB5", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity (Scotland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#a22f32", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity (South African political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity (Switzerland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "solidaritéS",}, ["Solidarity Action Movement"] = {abbrev = "MAS", color = "#BA1E12", shortname = "",}, ["Solidary Alliance of French People Abroad"] = {abbrev = "ASFE", color = "#adc1fd", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Alliance of Georgia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#12395A", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity and Progress"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#ef3f1e", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Citizens' Committee"] = {abbrev = "KO \"S\"", color = "#F56914", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Civic Unity"] = {abbrev = "UCS", color = "#00A8EC", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Electoral Action"] = {abbrev = "AWS", color = "#C1C1C1", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Movement (Cyprus)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004B91", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity of Women of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "SZhU", color = "#00d0f8", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Party of Afghanistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#74C6EE", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Party (Illinois)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Green", shortname = "Illinois Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity Party (Lebanon)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#92000A", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity Party (Panama)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffd700", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BF2D2E", shortname = "",}, ["Solidary Democracy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#449192", shortname = "",}, ["Solidary Force"] = {abbrev = "FS", color = "#E2E415", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity Encounter Party"] = {abbrev = "PES", color = "#702F8A", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity–People Before Profit"] = {abbrev = "S–PBP", color = "#8E2420", shortname = "Solidarity–PBP",}, ["Solidary Bulgaria"] = {abbrev = "SB", color = "#B71F34", shortname = "",}, ["Solidary Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#029C6A", shortname = "",}, ["Solidarity (Czech Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#923755", shortname = "Solidarity",}, ["Solidarity, Ecology, Left Alternative"] = {abbrev = "SEGA", color = "#5CC916", shortname = "",}, ["Solidary Renewal Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#304AA1", shortname = "Solidary Renewal",}, ["Solihull and Meriden Residents Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "white", shortname = "Residents Association",}, ["Solo San Fernando"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#237F7E", shortname = "",}, ["Solomon Islands Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#012887", shortname = "Democratic Party",}, ["Solomon Islands Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#02AABE", shortname = "Liberal Party",}, ["Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement"] = {abbrev = "SIPRA", color = "#9fdacc", shortname = "",}, ["Solomon Islands Progressive Action Party"] = {abbrev = "SIPAP", color = "#B1753C", shortname = "",}, ["Solomon Islands Social Credit Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Social Credit",}, ["Solomon Islands United Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0844d6", shortname = "United Party",}, ["Soluciona"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5572A", shortname = "",}, ["Solution Movement"] = {abbrev = "MEMO", color = "#AC0A0E", shortname = ""}, ["Solutions Barbados"] = {abbrev = "SB", color = "#016EB1", shortname = "",}, ["Som Alternativa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#743C5D", shortname = "",}, ["Som Castelldefels"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9BA24B", shortname = "",}, ["Som Castelló"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#204D1F", shortname = "",}, ["Som Catalans"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EEEE22", shortname = "",}, ["Som Gramenet"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#961D82", shortname = "",}, ["Som Identitaris"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB751D", shortname = "",}, ["Som Palma"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C61D45", shortname = "",}, ["Som Terres de l'Ebre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#293A99", shortname = "",}, ["Somali African National Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Somali Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#87CEEB", shortname = "",}, ["Somali Federalist Party"] = {abbrev = "SFP", color = "#4495D5", shortname = "",}, ["Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "SRSP", color = "#FE2E2E", shortname = "",}, ["Somali Youth League"] = {abbrev = "SYL", color = "#348AC9", shortname = "",}, ["Something New (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "Something New",}, ["Somos (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E2007A", shortname = "Somos",}, ["Somos Alcalá"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9F26B5", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Barbate"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F36606", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Benalmádena"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D8A202", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Benidorm"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00F801", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Cáceres"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008036", shortname = "",}, ["SOMOS Citizen Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#36B8BB", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Coslada"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8224E3", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Elda"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3EACA9", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Lanzarote"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BBC116", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Más"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#842436", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Melilla"] = {abbrev = "SML", color = "#FFD302", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Paracuellos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#602F67", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Pozuelo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6C4D87", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Región"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F9EB4C", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Región Colombia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E9763A", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Valle de Egüés"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#660066", shortname = "",}, ["Somos Velilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#66407B", shortname = "",}, ["Somos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#742F68", shortname = "",}, ["Son (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#81BEF7", shortname = "",}, ["Sons of Mesopotamia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua"] = {abbrev = "SDL", color = "#73C2FB", shortname = "",}, ["Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei"] = {abbrev = "SVT", color = "lightblue", shortname = "",}, ["Soria ¡Ya!"] = {abbrev = "SY", color = "#2C2B27", shortname = "",}, ["Soria en Común"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B117DC", shortname = "",}, ["Sorian People's Platform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#12689A", shortname = "",}, ["Sorian@s"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#94319B", shortname = "",}, ["Sorok Sorokov Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9F010A", shortname = "Sorok Sorokov",}, ["Sortu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9C0C57", shortname = "",}, ["SOS Asturias"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1A222F", shortname = "",}, ["SOS Nature"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A5A608", shortname = "",}, ["S.O.S. Romania"] = {abbrev = "SOS RO", color = "#4DA9DA", shortname = "",}, ["SOS Save Our Services"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "Save Our Services",}, ["Soshit Dal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#22409A", shortname = "",}, ["South African Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE0000", shortname = "",}, ["South African Maintenance and Estate Beneficiaries Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A67171", shortname = "",}, ["South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6AA1EB", shortname = "",}, ["South African Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#87CEEB", shortname = "South African",}, ["South African Rainbow Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SARA", color = "#314939", shortname = "",}, ["South American Union of Italian Emigrants"] = {abbrev = "USEI", color = "#DEE573", shortname = "",}, ["South Australian Greens"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#10C25B", shortname = "Greens",}, ["South Australian Labor Party"] = {abbrev = "LAB", color = "#f00011", shortname = "Labor",}, ["South Australian Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "LIB", color = "#080cab", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["South Australian National Party"] = {abbrev = "NAT", color = "#0a6645", shortname = "National",}, ["South calls North"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F2AB14", shortname = "",}, ["South Carolina Workers Party"] = {abbrev = "SCWP", color = "#C61010", shortname = "",}, ["South Devon Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SDA", color = "#1F8442", shortname = "Alliance",}, ["South Holland Independents"] = {abbrev = "SHI", color = "#87CEEB", shortname = "SH Independents",}, ["South Kerry Independent Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SKIA", color = "#97285B", shortname = "",}, ["South Schleswig Voter Federation"] = {abbrev = "SSW", color = "#003C8F", shortname = "",}, ["South Schleswig Voters' Association"] = {abbrev = "SSW", color = "#003C8F", shortname = "",}, ["South Sudan Opposition Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SSOA", color = "#DC261B", shortname = "",}, ["South Tyneside Progressives"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808080", shortname = "Progressives",}, ["South Tyrolean People's Party"] = {abbrev = "SVP", color = "#231F20", shortname = "",}, ["South Tyrolean Freedom"] = {abbrev = "STF", color = "#9f1421", shortname = "",}, ["South Woodham Ferrers Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#990099", shortname = "SWFCTA",}, ["Southern Action League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Southern Democratic (US)"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#4F990C", shortname = "Southern Democratic",}, ["Southern Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SDA", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FD0002", shortname = "",}, ["Southern Front (Sudan)"] = {abbrev = "SF", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Southern League (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#005C9E", shortname = "Southern League",}, ["Southern Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "al-Hirak",}, ["Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Southern Rights Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6AB023", shortname = "Southern Rights",}, ["Southport Community Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#515368", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereignists (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3551B5", shortname = "Sovereignists",}, ["Sovereigntist Right (French politics)"] = {abbrev = "DSV", color = "#957CB9", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign and Popular Italy"] = {abbrev = "ISP", color = "#B04E4E", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign Armenia Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#092366", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign European Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1BD216", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign Identity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0030fe", shortname = "Sovereign&nbsp;Identity",}, ["Sovereign Independent Samoa Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#158AB6", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7CFC00", shortname = "Sovereign",}, ["Sovereign Poland"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#C22026", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign Popular Democracy"] = {abbrev = "DSP", color = "#1B3A68", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign Power (Latvia)"] = {abbrev = "SV", color = "#6767AB", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign People"] = {abbrev = "PS", color = "#832929", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "PPSO", color = "#01A4B5", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereign Republic"] = {abbrev = "RS", color = "#b3282b", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereignty and Liberty Bolivia"] = {abbrev = "SOL.bo", color = "#FDE102", shortname = "Sovereignty and Liberty",}, ["Sovereignty for the Isles"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F9C54A", shortname = "",}, ["Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms"] = {abbrev = "SIEL", color = "#145194", shortname = "",}, ["Soy Porque Somos"] = {abbrev = "SPS", color = "#000000", "",}, ["Soyons libres"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0055FF", shortname = "",}, ["Soyuz (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#302686", shortname = "Soyuz",}, ["Spade (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4C834C", shortname = "Zastup",}, ["Spain 2000"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0058A9", shortname = "",}, ["Spain Elders' Force"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0C87B3", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Agrarian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3188AC", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#706F6D", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Catholic Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A50C18", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Christian Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000087", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Communist Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB3D42", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Democratic Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8398F5", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0E1B57", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Democratic Republican Action"] = {abbrev = "ARDE", color = "#73246B", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Democratic Segovian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BF82D2", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Democratic Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED2605", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0D3082", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Digital Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B6EF09", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Food Sovereignty"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#367B41", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#314173", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Left"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DB291F", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Liberal Project"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD517", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish National Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0D2881", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Nationalist Party of Melilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#313131", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Patriotic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#996B42", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish People's Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#088A4B", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Ruralist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A9A067", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Social Reform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99B233", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "PSOE", color = "#EF1C27", shortname = "",}, ["Spanish Solidarity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#030E40", shortname = "",}, ["Spark Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF313E", shortname = "Szikra",}, ["Spartans (Greek political party)"] = {abbrev = "Spartans", color = "#E9B460", shortname = "",}, ["Speaker (politics)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Speaker",}, ["Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)"] = {abbrev = "Spkr", color = "black", shortname = "Speaker",}, ["Speaker of the National Assembly (Botswana)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Speaker",}, ["Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Speaker",}, ["Specially-elected"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#515151", shortname = "",}, ["Spirit of Japan Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E10000", shortname = "",}, ["Spiritual Heritage"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1F3C79", shortname = "",}, ["Splinter (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4500AB", shortname = "",}, ["Spoilt"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#999999", shortname = "Spoilt Ballots",}, ["Spravodlivosť"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2D9DBA", shortname = "",}, ["Spolu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#37349D", shortname = "SPOLU",}, ["Spolu (2025)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00EA29", shortname = "SPOLU",}, ["Sports and Peace Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "Sports & Peace",}, ["Spring (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4F2D8F", shortname = "",}, ["Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal"] = {abbrev = "SKSD", color = "#F86F9D", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka Freedom Party"] = {abbrev = "SLFP", color = "#0D3B90", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SLLP", color = "#0C9DD4", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya"] = {abbrev = "SLMP", color = "#92278f", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka Muslim Congress"] = {abbrev = "SLMC", color = "#007B48", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance"] = {abbrev = "SLPFA", color = "#87171A", shortname = "",}, ["Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna"] = {abbrev = "SLPP", color = "#87171A", shortname = "",}, ["St. Eustatius Empowerment Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCE0D", shortname = "",}, ["St. Maarten Christian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#814C48", shortname = "",}, ["St. Maarten Development Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808080", shortname = "",}, ["St. Neots Independents"] = {abbrev = "SNI", color = "#6EFFC5", shortname = "St. Neots Ind.",}, ["Stačilo!"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C4161C", shortname = "",}, ["Stafford Borough Independents"] = {abbrev = "SBI", color = "#880000", shortname = "Stafford Ind.",}, ["Staffordshire Independent Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#848484", shortname = "",}, ["Stand Up! Mafia, Get Out!"] = {abbrev = "ISMV", color = "#4C813D", shortname = "",}, ["Stand Up.BG! We are coming!"] = {abbrev = "IBG-NI", color = "#50BE5B", shortname = "",}, ["Stand Up.BG"] = {abbrev = "IS.BG", color = "#5BA546", shortname = "",}, ["Stand Up Quezon"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF8400", shortname = "Stan Q",}, ["Standing Together for Waimakariri"] = {abbrev = "STfW", color = "darkblue", shortname = "Standing Together",}, ["State for the People"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["State of Justice"] = {abbrev = "CED", color = "#666666", shortname = "",}, ["State of Law Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#538727", shortname = "State of Law",}, ["State of Spain Unionist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#285101", shortname = "",}, ["State Reform of Nostradamus"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4F81BC", shortname = "",}, ["State Reform Party"] = {abbrev = "STAR", color = "#E8C0F2", shortname = "",}, ["States' Rights Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5BCA9", shortname = "States' Rights",}, ["Statt Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkblue", shortname = "",}, ["Stellar Blue Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#78ACF5", shortname = "",}, ["Stolen Babies (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "OBAP", color = "#2F3039", shortname = "",}, ["Stop"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#141F19", shortname = "",}, ["Stop Common Core Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF33", shortname = "Stop Common Core",}, ["Stop Morsi campaign!"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Stop the Immigration"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkblue", shortname = "",}, ["Stormers (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Straight-Out Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#cba521", shortname = "Straight-Out Democratic"}, ["Stram Kurs"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0198E1", shortname = "",}, ["Strategy Aghmashenebeli"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Strategy Builder",}, ["Stratford First Independent"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Strength and Honor"] = {abbrev = "SiCh", color = "#1A327B", shortname = "",}, ["Strength is in Unity (coalition)"] = {abbrev = "UNM–SIU", color = "#6000A5", shortname = "",}, ["Strength is in Unity"] = {abbrev = "UNM–SIU", color = "#6000A5", shortname = "",}, ["Strength of Serbia Movement"] = {abbrev = "PSS", color = "#062A78", shortname = "",}, ["Strong Armenia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#001489", shortname = "Strong Armenia",}, ["Strong Georgia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#fbaf12", shortname = "Strong Georgia",}, ["Strong Independents"] = {abbrev = "SI", color = "#1ba4a9", shortname = "",}, ["Strong Mauritania Party"] = {abbrev = "PMF", color = "#975654", shortname = "",}, ["Strong Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0080FF", shortname = "",}, ["Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea"] = {abbrev = "FLING", color = "#0000CC", shortname = "",}, ["Struggling People's Organization"] = {abbrev = "OPL", color = "#EB0505", shortname = "",}, ["Student Anti-Fascist Front"] = {abbrev = "SAF", color = "#FE012F", shortname = "",}, ["Students' Party"] = {abbrev = "L", color = "#d74442", shortname = "",}, ["Sudan African National Union"] = {abbrev = "SANU", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition"] = {abbrev = "SPLM-IO", color = "#4B8F3E", shortname = "",}, ["Sudan People's Liberation Movement"] = {abbrev = "SPLM", color = "#0F47AF", shortname = "",}, ["Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North"] = {abbrev = "SPLM–North", color = "#0F41BC", shortname = "",}, ["Sudanese Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED2224", shortname = "",}, ["Sudanese Socialist Union"] = {abbrev = "SSU", color = "#02822D", shortname = "",}, ["Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Sudeten German Party"] = {abbrev = "SdP", color = "#964B00", shortname = "",}, ["Sueña Torrevieja"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE5A59", shortname = "",}, ["Suffolk Together"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#58FA58", shortname = "",}, ["Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party"] = {abbrev = "SBSP", color = "#f5d50a", shortname = "",}, ["Sulong Zambales Party"] = {abbrev = "SZP", color = "#ff0000", shortname = "",}, ["SUMA Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#87CEFA", shortname = "",}, ["Sumam"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#192758", shortname = "",}, ["Sumar (electoral platform)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EF4B91", shortname = "Sumar",}, ["Sumem per Guanyar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE6A72", shortname = "",}, ["Sumem per Salou"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1D77A8", shortname = "",}, ["Sumemos Chiclana"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E41B3D", shortname = "",}, ["Sumemos Vélez-Málaga"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00959B", shortname = "",}, ["Sumemos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#51297B", shortname = "",}, ["Sumeti Mukti Morcha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007587", shortname = "",}, ["Summation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "white", shortname = "'Total'",}, -- TODO: Not a party but a missuse of the module to create a total row. Usages should be fixed and this removed. ["Sun Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Sun",}, ["Sunni Ittehad Council"] = {abbrev = "SIC", color = "#2F4F4F", shortname = "",}, ["Sunni Tehreek"] = {abbrev = "PST", color = "#98FB98", shortname = "",}, ["Sunrise Party of Japan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3D107B", shortname = "",}, ["Sunrise Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f77321", shortname = "Sunrise",}, ["Superannuitants and Youth Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#787878", shortname = "Superannuitants & Youth",}, ["Supervision by the Lower Class"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D19A72", shortname = "",}, ["Supports Green Shoots"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Supreme Lanka Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1B24", shortname = "Supreme Lanka",}, ["Surinamese Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "SDP", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Surinamese Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "SPA", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Sustainability Network"] = {abbrev = "REDE", color = "#379E8D", shortname = "",}, ["Sustainable Australia Party"] = {abbrev = "SAP", color = "#008751", shortname = "Sustainable",}, ["Sustainable Development of Croatia"] = {abbrev = "ORaH", color = "#96A735", shortname = "Croatian Sustainable Development",}, ["Sustainable Initiative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#34943F", shortname = "",}, ["Sustainable Nation-Building Party"] = {abbrev = "PLT", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Sustainable New Zealand Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008080", shortname = "Sustainable NZ",}, ["Suvereni"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#093818", shortname = "",}, ["Svoboda (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0E294D", shortname = "Svoboda",}, ["Svobodní"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009682", shortname = "",}, ["Swabhimani Paksha"] = {abbrev = "SWP", color = "#D06767", shortname = "",}, ["Swabian Group"] = {abbrev = "SB", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Swale Independents"] = {abbrev = "SI", color = "#FF5800", shortname = "Swale Ind.",}, ["Swantantra Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["SWANU"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#003580", shortname = "",}, ["SWAPO"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D30731", shortname = "",}, ["Swaraj India"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCC2A", shortname = "",}, ["Swaraj Party"] = {abbrev = "SP", color = "#FFA07A", shortname = "",}, ["Swarna Bharat Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Swatantra Bharat Paksh"] = {abbrev = "SBP", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Swatantra Party"] = {abbrev = "SWA", color = "Blue", shortname = "",}, ["Swatantra Samaj Party"] = {abbrev = "SwSP", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Swaziland Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Sweden Democrats"] = {abbrev = "SD", color = "#FEDF09", shortname = "Sweden Democrats",}, ["Sweden Party"] = {abbrev = "SvP", color = "#0D38A8", shortname = "",}, ["Swedish National Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "SNSP", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Swedish People's Party of Finland"] = {abbrev = "RKP", color = "#ffdd93", shortname = "",}, ["Swedish Senior Citizen Interest Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#033001", shortname = "SPI-Senior Citizens",}, ["Swedish Social Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "S/SAP", color = "#ED1B34", shortname = "Social Democrats",}, ["Swiss Democracy (Czech Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D8232A", shortname = "Swiss Democracy",}, ["Swiss Democrats"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5B45", shortname = "",}, ["Swiss Motorists' Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8D1919", shortname = "Motorists'",}, ["Swiss Nationalist Party"] = {abbrev = "PNOS", color = "maroon", shortname = "Motorists'",}, ["Swiss Party of Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E93C1A", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Swiss People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009F4F", shortname = "Swiss People's",}, ["Swiss Progressive Organisations"] = {abbrev = "POCH", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Synaspismos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD000", shortname = "",}, ["Syndicalist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1C1004", shortname = "",}, ["Synergy Kowloon"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F37943", shortname = "",}, ["Synergy of Macao"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ABDBE5", shortname = "Sinergia",}, ["Syria Turkmen Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5BC7D4", shortname = "",}, ["Syria's Tomorrow Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#32489E", shortname = "",}, ["Syriac Union Party (Syria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DA251E", shortname = "Syriac Union Party",}, ["Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE3533", shortname = "Communist (Bakdash)",}, ["Syrian Communist Party (Unified)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F80000", shortname = "Communist (Unified)",}, ["Syrian Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian Democratic People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B01E23", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B8FD", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian National Coalition"] = {abbrev = "SNC", color = "#3AB846", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian National Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A85C8", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian National Youth Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian Revolutionary Left Current"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AA1E22", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian Social Nationalist Party"] = {abbrev = "SSNP", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Syrian Social Nationalist Party – Intifada Wing"] = {abbrev = "SSNP–IW", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Syriza"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ee808f", shortname = "",}, ["System Money Referendum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7FFB84", shortname = "",}, } return { full = full, alternate = alternate, } ektz380hp7pmzzi0t3hvgwb29b6ymsx 828 9897 35475 2026-07-08T15:46:45Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour Party (UK)" would be under [[Module:Political party/L|<code>/L</code>]]). The [[Module:Political party/1|<code>/1</code>]] subpage is for any party that does not start with the letters A to Z of the [[Latin alphabet]] (including numbers and accented characters). For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> ["Örebro Party"] = {abbrev = "ÖP", color = "#000000", shortname = "Örebro Party",}, </syntaxhighlight> The "Örebro Party" begins with a letter that is not in the Latin alphabet, the letter "O" with two dots above it. The two dots are a diacritic mark called an [[Umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]]. This party should be placed on the <code>/1</code> subpage. Within each data submodule are two local groups: <code lang=lua>local alternate</code> and <code lang=lua>local full</code>. ===Alternate party names=== The alternate group is for alternate names of a party. The following is an example of alternate names for the [[Labour Party (UK)]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local alternate = { .... ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ... } </syntaxhighlight> The first entry in square brackets is the alternate name, and the second entry only in quotes is the name found in the <code>full</code> group, seen below. Note that the alternate name of a party should be stored in its corresponding letter-based subpage; "Alabama Democratic Party" is listed in [[Module:Political party/A|/A]] even though it is an alternate name for "Democratic Party (US)" (which is stored in [[Module:Political party/D|/D]]). === Table values === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local full = { .... ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ... } </syntaxhighlight> There are three values stored for each party: * The abbreviation (<code>abbrev</code>). * The color of the party (<code>color</code>), which can either be a [[hex triplet]] or [[Web_colors#Basic colors|basic color name]] or, if the party does not have an associated color, "default". * A shorter name for the party (<code>shortname</code>). The values added to these parameters need not be unique from other parties in this module, unlike the primary name of a party. If a name value is not stored for a party, the module will attempt to return the other "short" name variant before returning the input. Thus, if <code>abbrev</code> is stored but <code>shortname</code> is not, regardless of which value is asked for it will return the <code>abbrev</code> value. ==Requesting an addition or a change == If you are unable to edit a module directly, an edit request will need to be made. Requests should be made at the [[Module talk:Political party|talk page]] in a new section. Copy the following line and fill in {{em|only}} the fields relevant to the party. A party name is required as is at least one other piece of information. See above for information regarding each value. * <code>["party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "",},</code> ==Error messages== {| class="wikitable" |+Module error messages and resolutions !Error message !Resolution |- |Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'sub' (string expected, got table). |An entry intended for the "local full" section has been placed into the "local alternate" section. Move it to the "local full" section |- | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Political party/' not found. | Party added to alternate list with empty value. |- |Value not in template. Please request that it be added. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Value+not+in+template.+Please+request+that+it+be+added.%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) |The party in question has an entry with no color in the "local full" section. (This can be caused by duplicate entries in "local full" that, if present, should be merged.) |- |(no error message, but party color is white/blank) |Add a color for the party to its entry in the "local full" section in the relevant Module:Political party/ lettered data page (see links below). |- |parameter 1 should be a party name ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+1+should+be+a+party+name%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=6facepv07u1udc6gtrdi3x0fy article search]) | A template is trying to feed a missing parameter to the module. Work around this by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Election_box_inline_candidate_with_party_link_no_change&action=history testing for the parameter] in the template. |- |parameter 2 should be the output type ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+2+should+be+the+output+type%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) | |- |} == Data pages == {{div col}} *[[Module:Political party/1|Political party/1]] *[[Module:Political party/A|Political party/A]] *[[Module:Political party/B|Political party/B]] *[[Module:Political party/C|Political party/C]] *[[Module:Political party/D|Political party/D]] *[[Module:Political party/E|Political party/E]] *[[Module:Political party/F|Political party/F]] *[[Module:Political party/G|Political party/G]] *[[Module:Political party/H|Political party/H]] *[[Module:Political party/I|Political party/I]] *[[Module:Political party/J|Political party/J]] *[[Module:Political party/K|Political party/K]] *[[Module:Political party/L|Political party/L]] *[[Module:Political party/M|Political party/M]] *[[Module:Political party/N|Political party/N]] *[[Module:Political party/O|Political party/O]] *[[Module:Political party/P|Political party/P]] *[[Module:Political party/Q|Political party/Q]] *[[Module:Political party/R|Political party/R]] *[[Module:Political party/S|Political party/S]] *[[Module:Political party/T|Political party/T]] *[[Module:Political party/U|Political party/U]] *[[Module:Political party/V|Political party/V]] *[[Module:Political party/W|Political party/W]] *[[Module:Political party/X|Political party/X]] *[[Module:Political party/Y|Political party/Y]] *[[Module:Political party/Z|Political party/Z]] {{div col end}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> p8u25z1xwj7neyuy8uu70tmyqp23f05 828 9898 35476 2026-07-08T15:48:24Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Icelandic Socialist Party"] = "Socialist Party of Iceland", ["ICM Party (United States)"] = "ICM Party (US)", ["ICV-EUiA"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", ["ICV–EUiA"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", -- dash differences ["Idaho Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Identité-Libertés"] = "Identity–Freed...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35476 Scribunto text/plain -- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Icelandic Socialist Party"] = "Socialist Party of Iceland", ["ICM Party (United States)"] = "ICM Party (US)", ["ICV-EUiA"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", ["ICV–EUiA"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", -- dash differences ["Idaho Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Identité-Libertés"] = "Identity–Freedoms", ["Identity-Freedoms"] = "Identity–Freedoms", ["Identity–Liberties"] = "Identity–Freedoms", ["IDS"] = "Istrian Democratic Assembly", ["IDS"] = "Istrian Democratic Assembly", ["IJI"] = "Islami Jamhoori Ittehad", ["Ilford and Redbridge Independents"] = "Redbridge Independents", ["Ilford & Redbridge Independents"] = "Redbridge Independents", ["Ilford Independents"] = "Redbridge Independents", ["Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi"] = "Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi", ["Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kadchi"] = "Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi", ["Illinois Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Illinois Republican Party"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["INC"] = "Indian National Congress", ["Independence–Alliance Party"] = "Independence-Alliance Party", ["Independence Party (United States)"] = "Independence Party (US)", ["Independence Party of Florida"] = "Independence Party (US)", ["Independence Party of Minnesota"] = "Independence Party (US)", ["Independence Party of New York"] = "Independence Party (US)", ["Independent (Montana)"] = "Independent (US)", ["Ind"] = "Independent politician", ["Independent"] = "Independent politician", ["independent"] = "Independent politician", ["INDEPENDENT"] = "Independent politician", ["Independent (politican)"] = "Independent politician", ["Independent (politician)"] = "Independent politician", ["Independent (politics)"] = "Independent politician", ["Independent (United States)"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent American Party of Nevada"] = "Independent American Party", ["Independent Citizens' Initiative Save Austria"] = "Save Austria", ["Independent Democrat Union"] = "Independent Democratic Union", ["Independent Democrat"] = "Independent Democratic", ["Independent Democratic Party"] = "Independent Democratic", ["Independent Forward Blok"] = "Independent Forward Bloc", ["Independent Galician Party"] = "Galician Coalition", ["Ind Green (NZ)"] = "Independent Green (New Zealand)", ["Independent Green Party of Virginia"] = "Independent Greens (Virginia)", ["Independent Greens of Virginia"] = "Independent Greens (Virginia)", ["Independent Group (Luxembourg)"] = "National Independent Union", ["Independent Group of Porto Cristo-S'illoters and Sympathizers"] = "Independent Group of Porto Cristo–S'illoters and Sympathisers", ["Independent Group of Porto Cristo–S'illoters and Sympathizers"] = "Independent Group of Porto Cristo–S'illoters and Sympathisers", -- dash differences ["Independent Labour Party (UK)"] = "Independent Labour Party", ["Independent Left (Luxembourg)"] = "Party of Independents of the East", ["Independent Liberal Party"] = "Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)", ["Independent nationalist"] = "Independent Nationalist", ["Independent Party (Luxembourg)"] = "National Independent Union", ["Independent Party (United States)"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent Party (US)"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent Party of Louisiana"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent Party of Utah"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent Party (Delaware)"] = "Independent Party of Delaware", ["Independent Party (Florida)"] = "Independent Party of Florida", ["Independent Party (Louisiana))"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent Party (Utah)"] = "Independent (US)", ["Independent Party"] = "Independent Party (Thailand)", ["Independent Republican (United States)"] = "Independent Republican (US)", ["Independent Republican Party (Costa Rica)"] = "National Republican Party (Costa Rica)", ["Independent Republican Party (US)"] = "Independent Republican (US)", ["Independent Republican"] = "Independent Republican (US)", ["Independent Residents"] = "Independent politician", ["Independent Scottish Nationalist"] = "Scottish nationalism", ["Independent Social Alliance Movement"] = "Independent Social Alliance", ["Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community"] = "Social Democratic Party (Spain)", ["Independent Socialist Labor"] = "Socialist Labor Party of America", ["Independent Socialist Party (Bolivia, 1944)"] = "Independent Socialist Party (Bolivia)", ["Independent Socialist Party"] = "Social Democratic Party (Spain)", ["Independent Spanish Falange"] = "Falange Española Independiente", ["Independent Union of Majorca"] = "Independent Union of Mallorca", ["Independent Union"] = "Independent Union (political party)", ["Independent unionist"] = "Independent Unionist", ["Independent-Republican Party"] = "Independent-Republicans (Minnesota)", ["Independent-Republicans of Minnesota"] = "Independent-Republicans (Minnesota)", ["Independents (Luxembourg)"] = "National Independent Union", ["Independents for Equality Movement"] = "Independents 4 Change", ["Independents of Menorca"] = "Menorcan Union", ["Independents"] = "Independent politicians", ["Indhiya Jananayaka Katchi"] = "Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi", ["Indian National Congress (Socialist)"] = "Indian Congress (Socialist)", ["Indian National Congress (I)"] = "Indian National Congress (Indira)", ["Indian Congress (J)"] = "Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)", ["Indian National Congress (Organization)"] = "Indian National Congress (Organisation)", ["Indian National Congress (O)"] = "Indian National Congress (Organisation)", ["Indian National Congress (R)"] = "Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)", ["Indian National Congress (U)"] = "Indian National Congress (Urs)", ["Indian Peoples Front"] = "Indian People's Front", ["Indiana Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Indiana Republican Party"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Indigenous Nationalist Party of Tripura"] = "Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra", ["Individual Freedom Party"] = "Libertarian Party (Spain)", ["Indonesian Democratic Party - Struggle"] = "Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle", ["Indonesian Democratic Party - Struggle"] = "PDIP", ["Indonesian Democratic Party - Struggle"] = "PDI-P", -- extremely common shorthand ["Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle"] = "Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle", -- dash differences ["Industrial Government Party (United States)"] = "Industrial Government Party (US)", ["Industrial Labor Party (United States)"] = "Industrial Labor Party (US)", ["Industrial Party (United States)"] = "Industrial Party (US)", ["Initiative for Catalonia Greens - United and Alternative Left"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", ["Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", ["Initiative for Catalonia"] = "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", ["Initiatives from Osaka"] = "Nippon Ishin no Kai", ["Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity"] = "VMRO-DPMNE", ["Internationalist Initiative–Solidarity among Peoples"] = "The Peoples Decide", ["Internet MANA"] = "Internet Party and Mana Movement", ["Internet Party and MANA Movement"] = "Internet Party and Mana Movement", ["Iowa Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Iowa New Party"] = "Other parties", ["Iranian Principlists"] = "Iranian principlists", ["Iranian Principalists"] = "Iranian principlists", ["Principlists"] = "Iranian principlists", ["Principalists"] = "Iranian principlists", ["Iranian Reformists"] = "Iranian reformists", ["Reformists"] = "Iranian reformists", ["Iranian Reformist"] = "Iranian reformists", ["Reformist"] = "Iranian reformists", ["Independent Galician Party"] = "Galician Coalition", ["Irish Labour"] = "Labour Party (Ireland)", ["Irish Liberal Party"] = "Liberal Party (UK)", ["Irish Repeal"] = "Repeal Association", ["Irish Republican"] = "Republican (Ireland)", ["Irish Unionist Party"] = "Irish Unionist Alliance", ["Irish Unionist"] = "Irish Unionist Alliance", ["Islamic Group of Kurdistan"] = "Kurdistan Islamic Group", ["Island Alternative (Spain)"] = "Island Alternative", ["Italian People's Party (1994-2002)"] = "Italian People's Party (1994)", ["Italian People's Party (1994–2002)"] = "Italian People's Party (1994)", -- dash differences ["Italian Reform Socialist Party"] = "Italian Reformist Socialist Party", ["Italy in Common"] = "Italia in Comune", ["Italy. Common Good"] = "Italia. Bene Comune", ["Ivica Dačić – Prime Minister of Serbia"] = "Ivica Dačić — Prime Minister of Serbia", } local full = { ["I Don't Pay Movement"] = {abbrev = "KDP", color = "darksalmon", shortname = "",}, ["I Have Honor Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D9222A", shortname = "",}, ["I Live for Krajina"] = {abbrev = "PŽK", color = "#F48222", shortname = "",}, ["I live for Serbia"] = {abbrev = "ŽZS", color = "#2A2E83", shortname = "",}, ["I Noble (Independent)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFFF", shortname = "",}, ["I the South"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A5C8A", shortname = "",}, ["Ia Ora te Nuna'a"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBD101", shortname = "",}, ["Iauko Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6796B2", shortname = "Iauko",}, ["Iberian Natural Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A6430", shortname = "",}, ["Iberian Union"] = {abbrev = "UNIB", color = "#FF9A31", shortname = "",}, ["ICCSian Liberal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#23238E", shortname = "",}, ["Iceland Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000CC", shortname = "",}, ["Icelandic Movement – Living Country"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4682B4", shortname = "",}, ["Icelandic National Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3b64a6", shortname = "",}, ["ICM Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4500", shortname = "",}, ["ICT Energy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F9882A", shortname = "",}, ["Ideal Citizens"] = {abbrev = "IC", color = "#130050", shortname = "",}, ["Idéal Démocrate"] = {abbrev = "ID", color = "#E784B3", shortname = "",}, ["Ideal Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PDI", color = "#009900", shortname = "",}, ["Idenpedent Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff8c00", shortname = "",}, ["Identity and Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0045AA", shortname = "",}, ["Identity and Democracy"] = {abbrev = "ID", color = "#0E408A", shortname = "",}, ["Identity and Democracy Party"] = {abbrev = "ID", color = "#0E408A", shortname = "",}, ["Identity Ireland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1A1A68", shortname = "",}, ["Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Identity–Freedoms"] = {abbrev = "IDL", color = "#00A269", shortname = "",}, ["Idle Toad"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["If You Want It, Chile Changes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "lightblue", shortname = "",}, ["Ifiye"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f29222", shortname = "",}, ["Ihya Libya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#11589A", shortname = "Ihya",}, ["Ikkjutt Jammu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4C430", shortname = "",}, ["Ikune"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#88868B", shortname = "",}, ["Ilia Chavchavadze Society"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFB900", shortname = "Chavchavadze Society",}, ["Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi"] = {abbrev = "ITAK", color = "#F5EF1D", shortname = "",}, ["Ilicitans for Elche"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A913C", shortname = "",}, ["Ilusiona (Almansa)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#67BCB1", shortname = "",}, ["Imagina Burgos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADBF2D", shortname = "",}, ["Imbokodvo National Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Immigration Control Platform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A52A2A", shortname = "Immigration Control",}, ["Imperial British Conservative Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00008B", shortname = "Imperial British Conservative",}, ["Imperial Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "LRP", color = "#F7B600", shortname = "",}, ["Imperial Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "Imperial",}, ["Imperial Rule Assistance Association"] = {abbrev = "IRAA", color = "#000000", shortname = "Taisei Yokusankai",}, ["Imperium Europa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Impulsa Ciudad"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2EB7B0", shortname = "",}, ["Impulsa Getafe"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7EBD28", shortname = "",}, ["IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement"] = {abbrev = "IMRO–BNM", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["In Black and White (Montenegro)"] = {abbrev = "CnB", color = "#812991", shortname = "",}, ["In Struggle"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E63C2C", shortname = "",}, ["Inclusive Alliance Platform – Terra Ranka"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DF0A0E", shortname = "PAI–Terra Ranka",}, ["Independence-Alliance Party"] = {abbrev = "IAP", color = "#FFC14E", shortname = "Independence-Alliance",}, ["Independence Movement (Lebanon)"] = {abbrev = "IM", color = "#D92025", shortname = "",}, ["Independence for Scotland Party"] = {abbrev = "ISP", color = "#2980B9", shortname = "",}, ["Independence from Europe"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Independence Party of the Czech Republic"] = {abbrev = "SNČR", color = "#EE3135", shortname = "",}, ["Independence Party - Langsum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0085FF", shortname = "Langsum",}, ["Independence Party - Þversum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3399FF", shortname = "",}, ["Independence Party (Alaska)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC14E", shortname = "",}, ["Independence Party (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "IPU", color = "#017BC4", shortname = "Independence Party",}, ["Independence Party (Florida)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC14E", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (Hungary)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#40826D", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (Iceland, historical)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0099FF", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00ADEF", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (Minnesota)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC14E", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (New York)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC14E", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (Puerto Rico)"] = {abbrev = "PIP", color = "#009C4D", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC14E", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence (Israeli political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#013068", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence (Italian political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#14506E", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence (legislative bloc)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#255FCF", shortname = "Independence",}, ["Independence/Democracy"] = {abbrev = "IND/DEM", color = "#F7AF20", shortname = "",}, ["Independent (Delaware)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDBB", shortname = "",}, ["Independent (India)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "",}, ["Independent (Kuokoa) Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BFBFBF", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independent (US)"] = {abbrev = "I", color = "#DDDDBB", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independent (Vietnam)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6666", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Agrarian (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8FBC8F", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Agrarian Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DAFF61", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Agrarian Party"] = {abbrev = "SKS", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Alliance (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCCCFF", shortname = "Independent Alliance",}, ["Independent Alliance (Japan)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B81C25", shortname = "Mushozoku",}, ["Independent Alliance (Kent)"] = {abbrev = "IAK", color = "#7B9B5C", shortname = "Ind. Alliance",}, ["Independent Alliance (UK)"] = {abbrev = "IA", color = "grey", shortname = "Ind. Alliance",}, ["Independent Alliance for Reform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E50A81", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Alternative for Italians Abroad"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFF100", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Alternative for Zas"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A3D6E4", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Alternative of Galicia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Alternative–Progressives"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#339966", shortname = "",}, ["Independent American Party"] = {abbrev = "IAP", color = "#c49334", shortname = "Independent American",}, ["Independent and Citizen Alternative Candidacy of Sabadell"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DEC939", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Aragonese Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4B74D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Autonomists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EBECF0", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Bloc (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "NB", color = "#4089B6", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Belemite Party"] = {abbrev = "PIB", color = "#e76100", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Bosnian-Herzegovinian List"] = {abbrev = "NBL", color = "#00C000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Britwellian Residents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "Britwellian",}, ["Independent Candidacy (Castile and León)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC2B54", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Candidacy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AAAAAA", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Canterbury Nationalist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6E6FA", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Carlist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A3B5F1", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Catalan Nationalist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFF895", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Catholic (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#032900", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Catholic (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7B97B0", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Centre of the Canaries"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#239CA4", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Centre Party of Gabon"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#251F21", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Citizens"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAD900", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Citizens Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#67FFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Citizens of Sanlúcar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7EC55D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Civic Movement OBRAS"] = {abbrev = "OBRAS", color = "#006B00", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Civic Organisation of South Africa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#999999", shortname = "Independent Civic Organisation",}, ["Independent CLP"] = {abbrev = "IND", color = "#FF7F00", shortname = "Independent CLP",}, ["Independent Community & Health Concern"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3C474F", shortname = "Independent Health Concern",}, ["Independent Communist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D50000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Conservative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDEEFF", shortname = "Ind. Conservative",}, ["Independent Conservative (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#77B1D4", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Coordinator"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#094C12", shortname = "",}, ["Independent democrat (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "Ind. democrat",}, ["Independent Democratic Action"] = {abbrev = "ADI", color = "#ffeb00", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Action (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD866", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Alternative of Ibi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008366", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Candidacy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EEEE6E", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBB126", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Conference"] = {abbrev = "IDC", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6699CC", shortname = "Independent Democratic",}, ["Independent Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)"] = {abbrev = "SDS", color = "#FCF342", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Pole"] = {abbrev = "PDI", color = "#FFC90E", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Serb Party"] = {abbrev = "SDSS", color = "#2D3C8C", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Party of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "S DSS", color = "#545AA7", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Union (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2295B3", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Union of Chad"] = {abbrev = "UDIT", color = "#4682B4", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "UDI", color = "#29398A", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democratic"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6699CC", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democrats (Czech Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkgreen", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Democrats"] = {abbrev = "ID", color = "#ef8321", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Ecijan Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3E4E72", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Ecological Alliance"] = {abbrev = "AEI", color = "#a7c325", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Ecological Movement"] = {abbrev = "MEI", color = "#6EBE43", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Ecology"] = {abbrev = "", color = "PaleGreen", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Effectiveness"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B5955D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Farmers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#66FF99", shortname = "Ind. Farmers",}, ["Independent Farnham Residents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "Ind. Farnham Res.",}, ["Independent Federalist Confederation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Fianna Fáil"] = {abbrev = "IFF", color = "#7FFF00", shortname = "Independent Fianna Fáil",}, ["Independent Forward Bloc"] = {abbrev = "IFB", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Genilensan Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0B732", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Greeks"] = {abbrev = "ANEL", color = "#38A3E7", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Green Ecologists of the Balearics"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#07824A", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Green Voice"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Green"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ccffcc", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Green (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "Ind Green", color = "#85D1A1", shortname = "Independent Green",}, ["Independent Greens (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#66ba92", shortname = "Independent Greens",}, ["Independent Greens (Virginia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0BDA51", shortname = "Independent Greens",}, ["Independent Group for Almería"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0043A1", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group for the Municipal Autonomy of Torrenueva"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#759F91", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group for Villarrobledo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#005246", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Benalmádena"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB7711", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Cendea de Cizur"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDA1B", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Cercedilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0E8535", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Estella"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6E9BBC", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Huarte"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F20114", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Mijas"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#022262", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Porto Cristo–S'illoters and Sympathisers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#128EA9", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Porto Cristo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0141AD", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Santa Úrsula"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#873597", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Torrejón"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FCD91D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group of Zizur Mayor"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6495ED", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Group Pro-City Council of El Palmar de Troya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#04BC0C", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Grouping for Reflection"] = {abbrev = "GIR", color = "#005CAB", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Guanacaste Party"] = {abbrev = "PGI", color = "#2e9eff", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Health Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0C4DE", shortname = "Ind. Health Alliance",}, ["Independent Hungarian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "FMDP", color = "#50C878", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Herrenian Group"] = {abbrev = "AHI", color = "#29AA4D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Initiative (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#212084", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Initiative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2517AB", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Ireland"] = {abbrev = "II", color = "#3BEE56", shortname = "Independent Ireland",}, ["Independent Irish Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFE8E8", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Irish Nationalist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99FF66", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Irish Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDFFDD", shortname = "Independent Irish",}, ["Independent Kidderminster Hospital and Health Concern"] = {abbrev = "", color = "hotpink", shortname = "Health Concern",}, ["Independent Labor (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "IND", color = "#F00012", shortname = "Ind. Labor",}, ["Independent Labour Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFE8E8", shortname = "Ind. Labour Group",}, ["Independent Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B22222", shortname = "Ind. Labour Party",}, ["Independent Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFBBBB", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Langley Residents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "Ind. Langley Res.",}, ["Independent Left (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "IL", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Independent Left",}, ["Independent Left (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE2029", shortname = "Independent Left",}, ["Independent Left of Castellón"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#528063", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Left–Initiative for San Sebastián de los Reyes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#18742A", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFAA", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal (Philippines)"] = {abbrev = "LP (Ind.)", color = "#f7f2c1", shortname = "Liberal (ind.)",}, ["Independent Nacionalista"] = {abbrev = "NP (Ind.)", color = "#d2fdd2", shortname = "Nacionalista (ind.)",}, ["Independent Liberal (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "IND", color = "#1C0DAB", shortname = "Ind. Liberal",}, ["Independent Liberal (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0D18B", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Democrat"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFEEAA", shortname = "Ind. Lib Dem",}, ["Independent Liberal Group of Villaviciosa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#40C052", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal-Labour"] = {abbrev = "Ind. Lib-Lab", color = "#FED8B1", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Party (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Party (Kosovo)"] = {abbrev = "SLS", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)"] = {abbrev = "PLI", color = "#FF69B4", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#029138", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Party (Trinidad and Tobago)"] = {abbrev = "ILP", color = "#006F45", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Liberal Unionist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2061FF", shortname = "Ind. Liberal Unionist",}, ["Independent Liberals (Israel)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Independent&nbsp;Liberals",}, ["Independent Liberals (UK, 1931)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFAA", shortname = "Independent Liberals",}, ["Independent Lugo Forum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#028C64", shortname = "",}, ["Independent members of the House of Lords"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independent Moralizing Front"] = {abbrev = "FIM", color = "#F08080", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Motrilenian Democratic Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1BE4FF", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Movement for Justice and Dignity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0C236", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation"] = {abbrev = "MIRA", color = "#0033a0", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Movement of Justice and Dignity"] = {abbrev = "MIJD", color = "#AEC306", shortname = "",}, ["Independent National"] = {abbrev = "Ind Nat", color = "grey", shortname = "Ind. Nationalist",}, ["Independent National (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "Independent National",}, ["Independent National Electoral Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#85614D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent National Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#993366", shortname = "",}, ["Independent National Party (Uruguay)"] = {abbrev = "PNI", color = "#00008b", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Nationalist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Nationalist"] = {abbrev = "Ind. Nat.", color = "#cdffab", shortname = "Ind. Nationalist",}, ["Independent Navarrese Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0002", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Neighbourhood Association of Rivas-Vaciamadrid"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B8DC00", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Neighbourhood Initiative of Alcorcón"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00923F", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Neighbours from Velilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0D00AF", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Network"] = {abbrev = "IN", color = "#483D8B", shortname = "Ind. Network",}, ["Independent Oxford Alliance"] = {abbrev = "IOA", color = "#702CA1", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Parliamentary Group"] = {abbrev = "IPG", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "Ind. Parliamentary Group",}, ["Independent Party (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "PI", color = "#663267", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8091BC", shortname = "Independents",}, ["Independent Party (Laos)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#002654", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party (Thailand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6a59a7", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independent Party (Uruguay)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#500778", shortname = "Independent&nbsp;Party",}, ["Independent Party for Estella"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0011", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party of Capital Mérida"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D7A039", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party of Ciempozuelos"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#357E39", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party of Connecticut"] = {abbrev = "IPC", color = "#f39311", shortname = "Independent Party",}, ["Independent Party of Delaware"] = {abbrev = "IPoD", color = "#98d8e9", shortname = "Independent Party",}, ["Independent Party of Florida"] = {abbrev = "IPF", color = "#470a85", shortname = "Independent Party",}, ["Independent Party of Melilla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F19D1A", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party of Nigrán"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#54B8F3", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party of Oregon"] = {abbrev = "IPO", color = "#f39311", shortname = "Independent Party",}, ["Independent Party of Siero"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0008E", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party of the Right"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Party Ven–T"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9933", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Patriots for Change"] = {abbrev = "IPC", color = "#B06E02", shortname = "",}, ["Independent People's Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "lightblue", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Platform of the North"] = {abbrev = "NPS", color = "#2c9180", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Political Labour League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0033", shortname = "Ind. Labour League",}, ["Independent politician"] = {abbrev = "Ind", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "Independent",}, -- Not affiliated with any party ["Independent politicians"] = {abbrev = "Ind", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "Independents",}, -- Not affiliated with any party ["Independent politician (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "Ind.", color = "#DCDCDC", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independent (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "IND", color = "#888888", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independents (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "IND", color = "#888888", shortname = "Independent",}, ["Independent politicians in Australia"] = {abbrev = "IND", color = "#888888", shortname = "Independents",}, ["Independent Politics Netherlands"] = {abbrev = "OPNL", color = "#cbbb9f", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Popular Action"] = {abbrev = "API", color = "#228B22", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Popular Council of Formentera"] = {abbrev = "AIPF", color = "#49AE53", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Possibilist (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B87FB8", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Progressive (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0B9D6", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Progressive Candidacy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EEA26E", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Progressive Left of the Valencian Country"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E62F4C", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Progressive"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Progressives (Torrevieja)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D2136A", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Protestant (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009D70", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "SRS", color = "#727497", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Radical Socialist Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF007F", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Radicals"] = {abbrev = "RI", color = "#FFA07A", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Ratepayers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "Ind. Ratepayers",}, ["Independent Reform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99FF99", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Reformers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Regional Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4437A2", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Regionalist (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DB777B", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Regionalist Force"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Regionalist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D42D34", shortname = "Regionalist",}, ["Independent Republican (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "Ind Rep", color = "#d1ffb2", shortname = "Ind. Republican",}, ["Independent Republican (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A77B9C", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Republican (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC6666", shortname = "Independent Republican",}, ["Independent Republicans"] = {abbrev = "RI", color = "#002654", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Resident"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Residents Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "Ind. Residents",}, ["Independent Revolutionary Movement"] = {abbrev = "IRM", color = "#3EE34C", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Revolutionary Party"] = {abbrev = "PRI", color = "#19A105", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Royalist Party of Estonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800a80", shortname = "Royalists",}, ["Independent Rural Party (Sweden)"] = {abbrev = "LO", color = "#92D04F", shortname = "",}, ["Independent politician (Robredo, 2022)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE18A3", shortname = "Independent (Robredo)",}, ["Independent Scheduled Caste Party"] = {abbrev = "ISCP", color = "#750000", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Segovian Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5F8BB8", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Senate Group"] = {abbrev = "OSF", color = "#B4C7D2", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Sencelleran People"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D12026", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Sineueran People"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FED200", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party"] = {abbrev = "FKGP", color = "#36492b", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Alliance"] = {abbrev = "ASI", color = "#1FA12E", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Alternative Party"] = {abbrev = "PAIS", color = "#ED6D19", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Democrat"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D9B3FF", shortname = "Ind. Social Democrat",}, ["Independent Social Democratic Party (Romania, present-day)"] = {abbrev = "PSDi", color = "#D31C25", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany"] = {abbrev = "USPD", color = "#DA0903", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Group (Asturias)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#606A77", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Group of Avilés"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E108DB", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006733", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Social Party of the Rincón de la Victoria Municipality"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#445684", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Socialist Labor Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD3700", shortname = "Independent Socialist Labor",}, ["Independent Socialist Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PSI", color = "#FC2015", shortname = "Independent Socialist Party",}, ["Independent Socialist Party (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4A460", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Socialist Party (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "ISP", color = "#FF3333", shortname = "Independent Socialist Party",}, ["Independent Socialist Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F8D821", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Socialist Party of Chad"] = {abbrev = "PSIT", color = "#FF8080", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Socialist Union"] = {abbrev = "USI", color = "#E48085", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Socialist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Ind. Socialist",}, ["Independent Socialists (France)"] = {abbrev = "SI", color = "#FF5E4D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Socialists of Extremadura"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0BB828", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Solidarity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EDE16F", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Solution"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C0C0C0", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Solution (Burgos)"] = {abbrev = "SI", color = "#680F2D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Solutions for Roquetas de Mar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#69D136", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Sorian Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C71585", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Student Faction"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#631163", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Supporters for Change"] = {abbrev = "ISC", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Together"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffd700", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Tudelan Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#347AAD", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Turkey Party"] = {abbrev = "BTP", color = "#FF4747", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Union (political party)"] = {abbrev = "IU", color = "#203961", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Union and Progress of Bétera"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00652D", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Union of Carreño"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#088241", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Union of Mallorca"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#292C73", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Unionist Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "Ind. Unionist Party",}, ["Independent Unionist"] = {abbrev = "Ind U", color = "#aadfff", shortname = "Ind. Unionist",}, ["Independent Utreran Citizen Formation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFB606", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Voters Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E64E4E", shortname = "Republican/IVA",}, ["Independent Whigs (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5DEB3", shortname = "Independent Whig",}, ["Independent Whig"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ccaf66", shortname = "Independent Whig",}, ["Independent Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "POI", color = "#941318", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Workers' Party (German Socialists)"] = {abbrev = "UAP", color = "#CFEFEE", shortname = "",}, ["Independent Working Class Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0095B6", shortname = "Ind. Working Class",}, ["Independent Zimbabwe Group"] = {abbrev = "IZG", color = "#6B3FA0", shortname = "",}, ["Independent-Republicans (Minnesota)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E81B23", shortname = "Ind.-Republican",}, ["Independents (political party)"] = {abbrev = "NEZ", color = "#3073a6", shortname = "",}, ["Independents 4 Change"] = {abbrev = "I4C", color = "#FFC0CB", shortname = "Inds. 4 Change",}, ["Independents for Canberra"] = {abbrev = "IFC", color = "#4F1128", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Carballo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FD7D02", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Cartaya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A396D", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Cee"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#08AF17", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Citizen-oriented Democracy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4821F", shortname = "Unabhängige",}, ["Independents for Croatia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#08457E", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Cuenca"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBF104", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Dorset"] = {abbrev = "IfD", color = "#C41F85", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Extremadura"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#019132", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Ferrol"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0525B4", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Frome"] = {abbrev = "ifF", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Huelva"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#053DDC", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for León"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Sa Pobla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#16762F", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Teruel"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B14173", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for the National Community"] = {abbrev = "IPCN", color = "#DF0101", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for the Municipal Progress of Osona"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BE624B", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Tunbridge Wells"] = {abbrev = "IfTW", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "",}, ["Independents for Vilagarcía"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3BD1FA", shortname = "",}, ["Independents Movement (Cyprus)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#402666", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Aguadulce and El Parador"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A04D47", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Asma Lands"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6DC5EF", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Asturias"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2ECCFA", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Formentera Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004D24", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Fuerteventura"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AFAF39", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Galicia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1DB2B9", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Getxo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BF0161", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Hope"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ECEEA1", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Ibiza and Formentera Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2A52BE", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Inca"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4F71B0", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of La Selva"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#488121", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Marratxí"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#002651", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Meaño"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#92AF53", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Navarre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DB5A5A", shortname = "",}, ["Independents of Porriño"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A4AB5", shortname = "",}, ["Independientes Portuenses"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD403", shortname = "",}, ["Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi"] = {abbrev = "IJK", color = "#F08080", shortname = "",}, ["India Greens Party"] = {abbrev = "IGP", color = "#53ab31", shortname = "",}, ["India Janshakti Party"] = {abbrev = "IJP", color = "orangered", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Bahujan Samajwadi Party"] = {abbrev = "IBSP", color = "#2EFEF7", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Christian Secular Party"] = {abbrev = "ICSP", color = "#7002b0", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha"] = {abbrev = "INS(SCS)", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Congress (Socialist)"] = {abbrev = "IC(S)", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "IDP", color = "silver", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Democratic Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "IDSP", color = "#0B3B0B", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Federal Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC3399", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Gandhiyan Party"] = {abbrev = "IGP", color = "#54C0DB", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Gorkha Janshakti Front"] = {abbrev = "IGJF", color = "#152644", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Inclusive Party"] = {abbrev = "IIP", color = "#0259ff", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Justice Party"] = {abbrev = "IJP", color = "grey", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "ILP", color = "#FF9999", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Congress"] = {abbrev = "INC", color = "#00BFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Congress (Indira)"] = {abbrev = "INC(I)", color = "#00BFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)"] = {abbrev = "INC(J)", color = "#00CCFF", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Congress (Organisation)"] = {abbrev = "INC(O)", color = "#a5f1f9", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)"] = {abbrev = "INC(R)", color = "#0EF4E1", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Congress (Urs)"] = {abbrev = "INC(U)", color = "#7777FF", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Democratic Congress"] = {abbrev = "CRC", color = "Blue", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance"] = {abbrev = "INDIA", color = "#00B7EB", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "INLP", color = "#B7A693", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National League"] = {abbrev = "INL", color = "#006600", shortname = "",}, ["Indian National Lok Dal"] = {abbrev = "INLD", color = "#005747", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Peace Party"] = {abbrev = "IPP", color = "#CECEF6", shortname = "",}, ["Indian People's Forward Bloc"] = {abbrev = "IPFB", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Indian People's Front"] = {abbrev = "IPF", color = "#e40017", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Secular Front"] = {abbrev = "ISF", color = "#0204ef", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra"] = {abbrev = "ISLAM", color = "#017d3e", shortname = "",}, ["Indian Socialist Janata Dal"] = {abbrev = "ISJD", color = "#33CC00", shortname ="",}, ["Indian Union Muslim League"] = {abbrev = "IUML", color = "#006600", shortname = "",}, ["Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement"] = {abbrev = "MAIS", color = "#ED151F", shortname = "",}, ["Indigenous Authorities of Colombia"] = {abbrev = "AICO", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra"] = {abbrev = "INPT", color = "#008100", shortname = "",}, ["Indigenous People's Front of Tripura"] = {abbrev = "IPFT", color = "#07892f", shortname = "",}, ["Indigenous-Aboriginal Party of Australia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#344734", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Christian Party 1945"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0e2f25", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Christian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#799BCB", shortname = "Parkindo",}, ["Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion"] = {abbrev = "PKDI", color = "#00862C", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle"] = {abbrev = "PDI-P", color = "#DB2016", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PDI", color = "#DB2016", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party"] = {abbrev = "PPDI", color = "#D6000E", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Islamic Union Party"] = {abbrev = "PSII", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Justice and Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "PKP", color = "#E4000E", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Marhaen People's Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Permai",}, ["Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party"] = {abbrev = "PNU", color = "#1E6539", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian National Armed Forces"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Military",}, ["Indonesian National Party – Marhaen Masses"] = {abbrev = "PNI-MM", color = "#F24439", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian National Party Marhaenism"] = {abbrev = "PNIM", color = "#A50005", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front"] = {abbrev = "PNI-FM", color = "#FF9B73", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian National Party"] = {abbrev = "PNI", color = "#D20000", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party"] = {abbrev = "PNBK", color = "#85011F", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian People's Party"] = {abbrev = "PARI", color = "#AE1C28", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian People's Party 1955"] = {abbrev = "PRI", color = "#D2B48C", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Solidarity Party"] = {abbrev = "PSI", color = "#E6212A", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Unity in Diversity Party"] = {abbrev = "PBI", color = "#FFFF25", shortname = "",}, ["Indonesian Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9B4200", shortname = "",}, ["Industrial Government Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD051D", shortname = "Industrial Government",}, ["Industrial Government Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD051D", shortname = "Industrial Government",}, ["Industrial Labor Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#996600", shortname = "Industrial Labor",}, ["Industrial Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#666633", shortname = "Industrial",}, ["Industry and Business Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01B0CF", shortname = "",}, ["Industry Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808080", shortname = "Industry",}, ["Industry Will Save Georgia"] = {abbrev = "MGS", color = "#5E1317", shortname = "",}, ["IniciativaVerds"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A8A82B", shortname = "",}, ["Inite"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#228B22", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for Albacete"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CA1B23", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for Catalonia Greens"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4E9E41", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for El Hierro"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D90626", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for La Gomera"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3D8B3D", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for Tafalla"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8DB974", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for the Development of Soria"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE6000", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative for the Ribera"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB7747", shortname = "",}, ["Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D01010", shortname = "INITIATIVE",}, ["Initiative of the Republic of Poland"] = {abbrev = "IRP", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Inkatha Freedom Party"] = {abbrev = "IFP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Inn National Development Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00923F", shortname = "",}, ["Innovation and Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "PINU", color = "#EE9E09", shortname = "",}, ["Innovative Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#09599B", shortname = "",}, ["Innovative Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "IDA", color = "#782779", shortname = "",}, ["Innovation Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "YP", color = "#3671B7", shortname = "",}, ["Insaniyat Biplob Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "IBB", color = "#41B749", shortname = "",}, ["Institutional Democratic Party (Dominican Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#fd8204", shortname = "",}, ["Institutional Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PID", color = "#FBEC5D", shortname = "",}, ["Institutional Renewal Party of National Action"] = {abbrev = "PRIAN", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Institutional Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRI", color = "#0F4D92", shortname = "",}, ["Institutional Revolutionary Party"] = {abbrev = "PRI", color = "#4DA663", shortname = "",}, ["Institutional Island of Saving the World"] = {abbrev = "IISW", color = "#5e843b", shortname = "",}, ["Institutionalist Democratic Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADFF2F", shortname = "",}, ["Insular Group of Gran Canaria"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0066CC", shortname = "",}, ["Integration and Development Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#05238F", shortname = "",}, ["Integration Column"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A52B20", shortname = "",}, ["Integration with Britain Party"] = {abbrev = "IWBP", color = "#bfb", shortname = "",}, ["Integration, Representation and New Hope"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E50066", shortname = "",}, ["Integrist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#784315", shortname = "Integrist",}, ["Integrity Party of Aotearoa New Zealand"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffffff", shortname = "",}, ["Integrity Southampton"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#110b0b", shortname = "",}, ["Intellectual Armenia Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4385E3", shortname = "",}, ["Intelligent Madrid"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FDDA0C", shortname = "",}, ["Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization"] = {abbrev = "VMRO", color = "#D62612", shortname = "",}, ["Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization–Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity"] = {abbrev = "VMRO–DPMNE", color = "#BF0202", shortname = "",}, ["Internationalist Communist League (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "LCI", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["International Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "ICP", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["International Marxist Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "International Marxist",}, ["International Marxist Group (Germany)"] = {abbrev = "GIM", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["International Revelation Congress"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5BC22F", shortname = "",}, ["International Socialist Alternative (Austria)"] = {abbrev = "ISA", color = "#CC0033", shortname = "",}, ["International Workers' Union – Trotskyists"] = {abbrev = "EDE–T", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Internationalist Communist Party (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "PCInt", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BC021C", shortname = "",}, ["Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C1022C", shortname = "",}, ["Internationalist Struggle"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8C0C21", shortname = "",}, ["Internet Party (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#662C92", shortname = "Internet",}, ["Internet Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF6C00", shortname = "",}, ["Internet Party and Mana Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F0000", shortname = "Internet Mana",}, ["Internet Party of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "IPU", color = "#90CA38", shortname = "",}, ["Intransigent Party"] = {abbrev = "PI", color = "#D10047", shortname = "",}, ["Intransigent Radical Civic Union"] = {abbrev = "UCRI", color = "#E36552", shortname = "",}, ["Inuit Ataqatigiit"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AB2328", shortname = "",}, ["Inuit Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CF181A", shortname = "Inuit",}, ["Inzar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#337B6D", shortname = "",}, ["Ir (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E34234", shortname = "",}, ["Irabazi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B9F1", shortname = "",}, ["Iran Novin Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0087DC", shortname = "Iran Novin",}, ["Iran Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Iranian principlists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0077B6", shortname = "Principlists",}, ["Iranian reformists"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#48D1CC", shortname = "Reformists",}, ["Iraq Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F16620", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi Accord Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F47C20", shortname = "Tawafuq",}, ["Iraqi Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy"] = {abbrev = "ICM", color = "#006400", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi Independence Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi Islamic Party"] = {abbrev = "IIP", color = "#0066CC", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi National Dialogue Front"] = {abbrev = "INDF", color = "#00009F", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi National List"] = {abbrev = "INL", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi National Movement"] = {abbrev = "INM", color = "#00009F", shortname = "",}, ["Iraqi Turkmen Front"] = {abbrev = "ITF", color = "#00B8FD", shortname = "",}, ["Iratzarri"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F93038", shortname = "",}, ["Ireland First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00A185", shortname = "",}, ["Irish Anti-Partition League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDFFDD", shortname = "Anti-Partition",}, ["Irish Confederate Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#044302", shortname = "Irish Confederate",}, ["Irish Conservative Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0087DC", shortname = "Irish Conservative",}, ["Irish Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "IDP", color = "#23588C", shortname = "Irish Democratic",}, ["Irish Freedom Party"] = {abbrev = "IF", color = "#006633", shortname = "Irish Freedom",}, ["Irish Independence Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#32CD32", shortname = "Irish Independence",}, ["Irish Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "Irish Labour",}, ["Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society"] = {abbrev = "IMCS", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Irish Metropolitan Conservative",}, ["Irish Militant Labour"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "Militant",}, ["Irish Monetary Reform Association"] = {abbrev = "IMR", color = "#777777", shortname = "Monetary Reform",}, ["Irish National Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FA9A", shortname = "",}, ["Irish National League"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99FF66", shortname = "",}, ["Irish Parliamentary Party"] = {abbrev = "IPP", color = "#99FF66", shortname = "Irish Parliamentary",}, ["Irish Patriot Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "Patriot",}, ["Irish Republican Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "IRSP", color = "#004400", shortname = "Irish Republican Socialist",}, ["Irish Socialist Network"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC0CB", shortname = "",}, ["Irish Socialist Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "ISRP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Irish Socialist Republican",}, ["Irish Unionist Alliance"] = {abbrev = "U", color = "#9999FF", shortname = "Irish Unionist",}, ["Irish Worker League"] = {abbrev = "IWL", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Irish Worker League",}, ["Irish Workers' League"] = {abbrev = "IWL", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Irish Workers' League",}, ["Irish Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "IWP", color = "#FF3300", shortname = "Irish Workers' Party",}, ["Iron (2023)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF020C", shortname = "Iron",}, ["Iron Guard"] = {abbrev = "TpȚ", color = "#2E8B57", shortname = "",}, ["Irun Herria"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BD1C0F", shortname = "",}, ["Iry Farn"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F5D133", shortname = "",}, ["Isamaa"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009CE2", shortname = "",}, ["Ishenim"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#632D4D", shortname = "",}, ["Ishin Seito Shimpu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC3334", shortname = "",}, ["Ishraqat Kanoon"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4EC6C7", shortname = "",}, ["ISLAM (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#226814", shortname = "",}, ["Islami Andolan Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "IAB", color = "#C7EA00", shortname = "",}, ["Islami Jamhoori Ittehad"] = {abbrev = "IJI", color = "#284d00", shortname = "",}, ["Islami Jatiya Oikya Front"] = {abbrev = "IJOF", color = "#54AC00", shortname = "",}, ["Islami Oikya Jote"] = {abbrev = "IOJ", color = "#6AD900", shortname = "",}, ["Islami Tehreek Pakistan"] = {abbrev = "ITP", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Action Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#41984F", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Alliance (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "IA", color = "#009900", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Association of Engineers"] = {abbrev = "IAE", color = "#A52A2A", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society"] = {abbrev = "AIMSI", color = "#ffe5b2", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran"] = {abbrev = "IAPI", color = "#B0E9FF", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran"] = {abbrev = "IATI", color = "#3d98b3", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Association of University Instructors"] = {abbrev = "IAUI", color = "#D2691E", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Coalition Party"] = {abbrev = "ICP", color = "#009900", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Constitutional Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0098F1", shortname = "Hadas",}, ["Islamic Centre Party"] = {abbrev = "ICP", color = "#58B524", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Dawa Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009900", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007F00", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Democratic Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006600", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Democratic Party (Maldives)"] = {abbrev = "IDP", color = "#F00", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Education Movement"] = {abbrev = "PERTI", color = "#005825", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Front Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8F674E", shortname = "Islamic Front",}, ["Islamic Group (Lebanon)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009900", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Iran Participation Front"] = {abbrev = "IIPF", color = "#43438b", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "ILP", color = "#90EE90", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Movement of Afghanistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1D6D01", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Party of Britain"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#337263", shortname = "Islamic Party",}, ["Islamic Renaissance Movement"] = {abbrev = "MRI", color = "#000099", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#224272", shortname = "Islamic Renaissance",}, ["Islamic Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "IRP", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Salafi Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF7E03", shortname = "Salafi Alliance",}, ["Islamic Salvation Front"] = {abbrev = "FIS", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Society of Athletes"] = {abbrev = "ISA", color = "Green", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Society of Engineers"] = {abbrev = "ISE", color = "#EBD54C", shortname = "Islamic Engineers",}, ["Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq"] = {abbrev = "ISCI", color = "#03C03C", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Tharikah Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "PPTI", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Victory Force"] = {abbrev = "AKUI", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Islamic Virtue Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2929FD", shortname = "Fadhila",}, ["Islamist Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Island Alternative"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#132B41", shortname = "",}, ["Island Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Islander Party of the Balearic Islands"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#636163", shortname = "",}, ["Isleworth Community Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#228B22", shortname ="Isleworth Comm Group",}, ["Isle of Man First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#013F70", shortname = "IMF",}, ["Isle of Man Green Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0B9444", shortname = "Green",}, ["Islington Tenants and Ratepayers Political Association"] = {abbrev = "IT&R", color = "#964B00", shortname = "Islington Tenants & Ratepayers",}, ["Isola Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0087dc", shortname = "",}, ["Israel Resilience Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7D7F33", shortname = "",}, ["Israeli Labor Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE1C25", shortname = "Labor",}, ["Israeli Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCC00", shortname = "Liberal",}, ["Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party"] = {abbrev = "IPP", color = "#67BA27", shortname = "",}, ["Istiqlal Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f1a4be", shortname = "Istiqlal",}, ["Istrian Democratic Assembly"] = {abbrev = "IDS", color = "#0CB14B", shortname = "",}, ["Istrian Social Democratic Forum"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["IT Voice 2012"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F47622", shortname = "",}, ["IT Voice"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BB1F5E", shortname = "",}, ["Italexit (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#366A9F", shortname = "Italexit",}, ["Italia Viva"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D6418C", shortname = "",}, ["Italia. Bene Comune"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EF3E3E", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Animalist Party"] = {abbrev = "PAI", color = "#E60C0C", shortname = "Animalist Party",}, ["Italian Associations in South America"] = {abbrev = "AISA", color = "#2B346C", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Catholic Electoral Union"] = {abbrev = "UECI", color = "#FFEF65", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Communist Party (2016)"] = {abbrev = "PCI", color = "#C72F35", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "PCI", color = "#C72F35", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Democratic Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "PLDI", color = "Gold", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity"] = {abbrev = "PDIUM", color = "#536CE8", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Democratic Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSDI", color = "#FF8282", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Democratic Socialists"] = {abbrev = "SDI", color = "#ED1B34", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Left"] = {abbrev = "SI", color = "#EF3E3E", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Liberal Party (1997)"] = {abbrev = "PLI", color = "#2975C2", shortname = "Liberal Party",}, ["Italian Liberal Party"] = {abbrev = "PLI", color = "#2975C2", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Nationalist Association"] = {abbrev = "ANI", color = "#00008B", shortname = "",}, ["Italian People's Party (1919)"] = {abbrev = "PPI", color = "#87CEFA", shortname = "",}, ["Italian People's Party (1994)"] = {abbrev = "PPI", color = "#87CEFA", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Radical Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00542E", shortname = "Radical Party",}, ["Italian Radicals"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Radicals",}, ["Italian Reformist Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSRI", color = "Pink", shortname = "Reformist Socialist Party",}, ["Italian Renewal"] = {abbrev = "RI", color = "#0039AA", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRI", color = "#3CB371", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Social Movement"] = {abbrev = "MSI", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Socialist Party (2007)"] = {abbrev = "PSI", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity"] = {abbrev = "PSIUP", color = "#EF2626", shortname = "",}, ["Italian Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSI", color = "#ED2855", shortname = "",}, ["Italia in Comune"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#349655", shortname = "",}, ["Italy in the Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E58321", shortname = "",}, ["Italy is There"] = {abbrev = "LIC", color = "#277BA0", shortname = "",}, ["Italy of Values"] = {abbrev = "IdV", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Ittehad-e-Millat Council"] = {abbrev = "IEMC", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Ittifaq al-Muslimin"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009933", shortname = "",}, ["Ittihad Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6495ED", shortname = "Ittihad",}, ["Ivan Rybkin Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DA2021", shortname = "",}, ["Ivica Dačić — Prime Minister of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A60C19", shortname = "SPS coalition",}, ["Ivorian Popular Front"] = {abbrev = "FPI", color = "#0066cc", shortname = "",}, ["Ivorian Workers' Party"] = {abbrev = "PIT", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Izaugsme"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3C8734", shortname = "",}, ["Izquierda-Ezkerra"] = {abbrev = "I–E (n)", color = "#C80F70", shortname = "",}, } return { full = full, alternate = alternate, } iiug90lkth8k6dgzqgpvpp04zcxo2ii 828 9899 35477 2026-07-08T15:49:08Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour Party (UK)" would be under [[Module:Political party/L|<code>/L</code>]]). The [[Module:Political party/1|<code>/1</code>]] subpage is for any party that does not start with the letters A to Z of the [[Latin alphabet]] (including numbers and accented characters). For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> ["Örebro Party"] = {abbrev = "ÖP", color = "#000000", shortname = "Örebro Party",}, </syntaxhighlight> The "Örebro Party" begins with a letter that is not in the Latin alphabet, the letter "O" with two dots above it. The two dots are a diacritic mark called an [[Umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]]. This party should be placed on the <code>/1</code> subpage. Within each data submodule are two local groups: <code lang=lua>local alternate</code> and <code lang=lua>local full</code>. ===Alternate party names=== The alternate group is for alternate names of a party. The following is an example of alternate names for the [[Labour Party (UK)]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local alternate = { .... ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ... } </syntaxhighlight> The first entry in square brackets is the alternate name, and the second entry only in quotes is the name found in the <code>full</code> group, seen below. Note that the alternate name of a party should be stored in its corresponding letter-based subpage; "Alabama Democratic Party" is listed in [[Module:Political party/A|/A]] even though it is an alternate name for "Democratic Party (US)" (which is stored in [[Module:Political party/D|/D]]). === Table values === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local full = { .... ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ... } </syntaxhighlight> There are three values stored for each party: * The abbreviation (<code>abbrev</code>). * The color of the party (<code>color</code>), which can either be a [[hex triplet]] or [[Web_colors#Basic colors|basic color name]] or, if the party does not have an associated color, "default". * A shorter name for the party (<code>shortname</code>). The values added to these parameters need not be unique from other parties in this module, unlike the primary name of a party. If a name value is not stored for a party, the module will attempt to return the other "short" name variant before returning the input. Thus, if <code>abbrev</code> is stored but <code>shortname</code> is not, regardless of which value is asked for it will return the <code>abbrev</code> value. ==Requesting an addition or a change == If you are unable to edit a module directly, an edit request will need to be made. Requests should be made at the [[Module talk:Political party|talk page]] in a new section. Copy the following line and fill in {{em|only}} the fields relevant to the party. A party name is required as is at least one other piece of information. See above for information regarding each value. * <code>["party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "",},</code> ==Error messages== {| class="wikitable" |+Module error messages and resolutions !Error message !Resolution |- |Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'sub' (string expected, got table). |An entry intended for the "local full" section has been placed into the "local alternate" section. Move it to the "local full" section |- | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Political party/' not found. | Party added to alternate list with empty value. |- |Value not in template. Please request that it be added. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Value+not+in+template.+Please+request+that+it+be+added.%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) |The party in question has an entry with no color in the "local full" section. (This can be caused by duplicate entries in "local full" that, if present, should be merged.) |- |(no error message, but party color is white/blank) |Add a color for the party to its entry in the "local full" section in the relevant Module:Political party/ lettered data page (see links below). |- |parameter 1 should be a party name ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+1+should+be+a+party+name%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=6facepv07u1udc6gtrdi3x0fy article search]) | A template is trying to feed a missing parameter to the module. Work around this by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Election_box_inline_candidate_with_party_link_no_change&action=history testing for the parameter] in the template. |- |parameter 2 should be the output type ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+2+should+be+the+output+type%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) | |- |} == Data pages == {{div col}} *[[Module:Political party/1|Political party/1]] *[[Module:Political party/A|Political party/A]] *[[Module:Political party/B|Political party/B]] *[[Module:Political party/C|Political party/C]] *[[Module:Political party/D|Political party/D]] *[[Module:Political party/E|Political party/E]] *[[Module:Political party/F|Political party/F]] *[[Module:Political party/G|Political party/G]] *[[Module:Political party/H|Political party/H]] *[[Module:Political party/I|Political party/I]] *[[Module:Political party/J|Political party/J]] *[[Module:Political party/K|Political party/K]] *[[Module:Political party/L|Political party/L]] *[[Module:Political party/M|Political party/M]] *[[Module:Political party/N|Political party/N]] *[[Module:Political party/O|Political party/O]] *[[Module:Political party/P|Political party/P]] *[[Module:Political party/Q|Political party/Q]] *[[Module:Political party/R|Political party/R]] *[[Module:Political party/S|Political party/S]] *[[Module:Political party/T|Political party/T]] *[[Module:Political party/U|Political party/U]] *[[Module:Political party/V|Political party/V]] *[[Module:Political party/W|Political party/W]] *[[Module:Political party/X|Political party/X]] *[[Module:Political party/Y|Political party/Y]] *[[Module:Political party/Z|Political party/Z]] {{div col end}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> p8u25z1xwj7neyuy8uu70tmyqp23f05 828 9900 35478 2026-07-08T15:50:25Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Radical and Radical-Socialist Party"] = "Radical Party (France)", ["Radical Democracy Party (Chile)"] = "Radical Democracy (Chile)", ["Radical List"] = "Liberal League (Luxembourg)", ["Radical Party (Italy, 1877)"] = "Italian Radical Party", ["Radical Party (UK)"] = "Radicals (UK)", ["Radical Party (Ukraine)"] = "Radical Party of Oleh Lia...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35478 Scribunto text/plain -- Constant data used by [[Module:Political party]] local alternate = { ["Radical and Radical-Socialist Party"] = "Radical Party (France)", ["Radical Democracy Party (Chile)"] = "Radical Democracy (Chile)", ["Radical List"] = "Liberal League (Luxembourg)", ["Radical Party (Italy, 1877)"] = "Italian Radical Party", ["Radical Party (UK)"] = "Radicals (UK)", ["Radical Party (Ukraine)"] = "Radical Party of Oleh Liashko", ["Radical Party (Chile)"] = "Radical Party of Chile", ["Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko"] = "Radical Party of Oleh Liashko", ["RAGE Coalition"] = "Reform Alliance for Good Governance and Accountability Coalition", ["Rassemblement des bâtisseurs"] = "Rally of Builders", ["Rainbow Group (1984-1989)"] = "Rainbow Group (1984–1989)", ["Rainbow Group"] = "Greens–European Free Alliance", ["Raks Tham Party"] = "Rakstham Party", ["Ralliement citoyen pour la patrie"] = "Ralliement Citoyen Pour La Patrie", ["Rally Wallonia France"] = "Rassemblement Wallonie France", ["Rally of Algerian Hope"] = "Rally for Hope for Algeria", ["Rally for Algerian Hope"] = "Rally for Hope for Algeria", ["Rassemblement bleu Marine"] = "National Rally", ["Resurgence Party"] = "Rastakhiz Party", ["Ratepayers Association"] = "Ratepayers' Association", ["Ratepayers Associations"] = "Ratepayers' Association", ["Razem"] = "Partia Razem", ["Reason of the Polish Left"] = "Reason Party (Poland)", ["Readjuster Party (United States)"] = "Readjuster Party", ["Red-Green Alliance (Denmark)"] = "Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)", ["Redbridge and Ilford Independents"] = "Redbridge Independents", ["Redbridge & Ilford Independents"] = "Redbridge Independents", ["Redmondite"] = "Irish National League", ["Referendum Party (UK)"] = "Referendum Party", ["Reform and Development Misruna Party"] = "Reform and Development Party (Egypt)", ["Reform Derby"] = "Reform UK", ["Reform Party Scotland"] = "Reform UK", ["Reform PH Party"] = "Reform PH - People's Party", ["Reform Party (Iceland)"] = "Viðreisn", ["Reform Party (Iceland, 2016)"] = "Viðreisn", ["Reform Party (United States)"] = "Reform Party (US)", ["Reform Party of New York State"] = "Reform Party (New York State)", ["Reform Party of the United States of America"] = "Reform Party (US)", ["Reform Party"] = "Reform Party (Southern Rhodesia)", ["Reform UK Scotland"] = "Reform UK", ["Reform UK Wales"] = "Reform UK", ["Reform"] = "Estonian Reform Party", ["Reformed Political Party - Reformatory Political Federation - Reformed Political League"] = "Reformed Political Party – Reformatory Political Federation – Reformed Political League", ["Regionalist"] = "Regionalism (politics)", ["Regionalists"] = "Regionalism (politics)", ["Regionalists and separatists"] = "Regionalism (politics)", ["Regionalist Aragonese Party"] = "Aragonese Party", ["Regionalist League"] = "Regionalist League of Catalonia", ["Régions et Peuples Solidaires"] = "Regionalism (politics)", ["Renaissance Party"] = "Ennahda Movement", ["Renew Britain"] = "Renew Party", ["Renewal (Transnistria)"] = "Obnovlenie", ["Renouveau Militant Mauricien"] = "Mauritian Militant Renewal", ["Renua Ireland"] = "Renua", ["Re-Organized Movement of the Party of the Proletariat"] = "Portuguese Workers' Communist Party", ["REPUBLIC (Slovakia)"] = "Republic (Slovakia)", ["Republic Arise"] = "Debout la République", ["Republic Party"] = "Party of the Republic", ["Republican Coalition (Spain, 1891)"] = "Republican Fusion", ["Republican Coalition (Spain, 1996)"] = "Alliance for the Republic (Spain)", ["Republican Left of Catalonia-Sovereigntists"] = "Republican Left of Catalonia", ["Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes"] = "Republican Left of Catalonia", ["Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists"] = "Republican Left of Catalonia", -- dash difference ["Republican Left of the Valencian Country"] = "Republican Left of Catalonia", ["Republican Moderate Party of Alaska"] = "Republican Moderate Party (Alaska)", ["Republican Party (Chile)"] = "Republican Party (Chile, 2019)", ["Republican Party (Faroe Islands)"] = "Republic (Faroe Islands)", ["Republican Party (Poland)"] = "The Republicans (Poland)", ["Republican Party (US)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Alabama)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Alaska)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Arizona)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Arkansas)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (California)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Colorado)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Connecticut)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Delaware)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (East Timor)"] = "Republican Party (Timor-Leste)", ["Republican Party (Georgia, US)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Guam)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Hawaii)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Idaho)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Illinois)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Iowa)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Maryland)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Massachusetts)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Michigan)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Minnesota)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Missouri)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Nevada)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (New Mexico)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (New York)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (North Dakota)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Northern Mariana Islands)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Pennsylvania)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Rhode Island)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Utah)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Vermont)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Virginia)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Washington State)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (Washington)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party (West Virginia)"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party \"Obnovlenie\""] = "Obnovlenie", ["Republican Party \"Renewal\""] = "Obnovlenie", ["Republican Party of Alaska"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Arkansas"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Florida"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Georgia"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of India (A)"] = "Republican Party of India (Athawale)", ["Republican Party of India (Athvale)"] = "Republican Party of India (Athawale)", ["Republican Party of Iowa"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Kentucky"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Louisiana"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Minnesota"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of New Mexico"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Texas"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Virginia"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican Party of Wisconsin"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Republican People's Party (Turkey)"] = "Republican People's Party", ["Republican Popular Unity"] = "Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical)", ["Republican Socialist Unity Party"] = "Socialist Republican Union Party", ["Republican Statehood Party"] = "Partido Estadista Republicano", ["Republican–Union Party (United States)"] = "National Union Party (US)", ["Republican Union (Spain, 1886)"] = "Republican Fusion", ["Republican Union (Spain, 1893)"] = "Republican Fusion", ["Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party (historical)"] = "Radical Party (France)", ["Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party"] = "Radical Party (France)", ["Republican Right"] = "Republican Right group", ["Reconquête (political party)"] = "Reconquête", ["Reconquete"] = "Reconquête", ["Residents of Valletta"] = "Residenti Beltin", ["Respect and Freedom Party"] = "Tisza Party", ["Respect - The Unity Coalition"] = "Respect Party", ["Respect – The Unity Coalition"] = "Respect Party", ["RESPECT The Unity Coalition"] = "Respect Party", ["Respublika Party of Kyrgyzstan"] = "Respublika (political party)", ["Restoration Political Party - New Wind"] = "Ishin Seito Shimpu", ["Revival (Moldova)"] = "Revival Party (Moldova)", ["Revolution Continues"] = "The Revolution Continues Alliance", ["Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang"] = "Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang", ["Revolutionary Communist Party (Furedi)"] = "Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1978)", ["Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor"] = "Fretilin", ["Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Alliance"] = "Revolutionary Nationalist Movement", ["Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Alliance"] = "Revolutionary Nationalist Movement", -- dash difference ["Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – Vanguard"] = "9 April Revolutionary Vanguard", ["Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left"] = "Revolutionary Party of the National Left", ["Revolutionary Communist League (Luxembourg)"] = "Revolutionary Socialist Party (Luxembourg)", ["Revolutionary Workers Party (United States)"] = "Revolutionary Workers Party (US)", ["Rezistans ek Alternativ (Mauritius)"] = "Rezistans ek Alternativ", ["Rhode Island Democratic Party"] = "Democratic Party (United States)", ["Rhode Island Republican Party"] = "Republican Party (United States)", ["Right 1912"] = "Djathtas 1912", ["Right Alternative"] = "The Right Alternative", ["Right Cause (political party)"] = "Right Cause", ["Right to Life Party (US)"] = "New York State Right to Life Party", ["Right to Life Party (New York)"] = "New York State Right to Life Party", ["Rightist Party"] = "Moderate Party", ["Rightist Socialist Party of Japan"] = "Right Socialist Party of Japan", ["Rikken Doshikai"] = "Rikken Dōshikai", ["Rikken Minseito"] = "Constitutional Democratic Party (Japan)", ["Rikken Minseitō"] = "Constitutional Democratic Party (Japan)", ["Rikken Seiyukai"] = "Rikken Seiyūkai", ["Ring of Independents"] = "Alliance of Independents", ["Riojan Party (1990–2012)"] = "Riojan Party", ["Rise Up (Portugal)"] = "Ergue-te", ["Rise Up (Portuguese political party)"] = "Ergue-te", ["RISE - Scotland's Left Alliance"] = "RISE – Scotland's Left Alliance", ["Rivers State People's Democratic Party"] = "Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party", ["Rock the Vote NZ"] = "Rock The Vote NZ", ["Rodina"] = "Rodina (political party)", ["Romandy Citizens' Movement"] = "Geneva Citizens' Movement", ["Romanian National Party (Moldova)"] = "New Historical Option", ["Romanian Socialist Party (present day)"] = "Romanian Socialist Party (2003)", ["Romanian Sovereignist Bloc"] = "Romanian Sovereigntist Bloc", ["RSP Against Racism and Fascism"] = "Revolutionary Socialist Party (Luxembourg)", ["Ruam Jai Thai Party (2007)"] = "Thais United", ["Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana Party"] = "Chart Pattana Party (2007)", ["Ruktam Party"] = "Rakstham Party", ["Rule of Law (Armenia)"] = "Orinats Yerkir", ["Runnymede Independent Residents Group"] = "Runnymede Independent Residents' Group", ["Runnymede Residents Association"] = "Runnymede Independent Residents' Group", } local full = { ["Raayat Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#ef9d04", shortname = "Raayat",}, ["Rabha Hasong Joutha Mancha"] = {abbrev = "RHJM", color = "#9D1C20", shortname = "",}, ["Rabharta"] = {abbrev = "Rabh", color = "#488A89", shortname = "Rabharta",}, ["Rabita Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam"] = {abbrev = "RJUI", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Radcliffe First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F86204", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Abolitionist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00DDDD", shortname = "Radical Abolitionist",}, ["Radical Cause"] = {abbrev = "LCR", color = "#1E90FF", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Change"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB656F", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Change (Peru)"] = {abbrev = "CR", color = "#0000F8", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Civic Union"] = {abbrev = "UCR", color = "#E10019", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Democracy (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00E2C8", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Democratic Party (Bulgaria)"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#1C4482", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Democratic Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE3142", shortname = "Radical",}, ["Radical Doctrinaire Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "lightseagreen", shortname = "",}, ["Radical League"] = {abbrev = "RL", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Left (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Left Front"] = {abbrev = "MERA", color = "indianred", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Left Party (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F4EE00", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Liberal Party (Paraguay)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808080", shortname = "Radical&nbsp;Liberal",}, ["Radical Liberals (Romania)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffff00", shortname = "Rad.Lib.",}, ["Radical Movement"] = {abbrev = "MR", color = "#E0B0FF", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Party for a Global Action"] = {abbrev = "RAG", color = "#BD3633", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Party of Chile"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "Radical",}, ["Radical Party of Chile (2018)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "Radical",}, ["Radical Party (Belgium)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#800080", shortname = "Radical",}, ["Radical Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "PRV", color = "#E0B0FF", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Party (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "PR", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Radical Party",}, ["Radical Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F3C400", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Party of Oleh Liashko"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F3534D", shortname = "Radical Party",}, ["Radical Party of Republika Srpska"] = {abbrev = "RS RS", color = "Darkblue", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Party of the Left"] = {abbrev = "PRG", color = "#F0C200", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Peasant Party"] = {abbrev = "CSR", color = "#33452D", shortname = "",}, ["Radical People's Party (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Radical People's Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#59A421", shortname = "Radical People's",}, ["Radical Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRR", color = "#A871A8", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Republicans"] = {abbrev = "", color="#FF0000", shortname = "Radical Republican",}, ["Radical Socialist Catalan Left"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AF2A88", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Socialist Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F3C400", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Socialist Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRRS", color = "#9A0DBC", shortname = "",}, ["Radical Union (Cuba)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FA8072", shortname = "",}, ["Radicals (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF3333", shortname = "Radical",}, ["Rafi (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1935D0", shortname = "Rafi",}, ["Rafidain List"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5f21a9", shortname = "",}, ["Rah-e-Haq Party"] = {abbrev = "RHP", color = "#A9A9A9", shortname = "",}, ["Rahanweyn Resistance Army"] = {abbrev = "RRA", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Raijor Dal"] = {abbrev = "RD", color = "#FEE502", shortname = "",}, ["Rainbow (Greece)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E2725B", shortname = "Rainbow",}, ["Rainbow (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "Rainbow",}, ["Rainbow (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#76EE00", shortname = "Rainbow",}, ["Rainbow Alliance (Liberia)"] = {abbrev = "RA", color = "#585278", shortname = "",}, ["Rainbow Greens (Italy)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4B6F44", shortname = "Rainbow Greens",}, ["Rainbow Group (1984–1989)"] = {abbrev = "RBW", color = "#ADFF2F", shortname = "",}, ["Rainbow Group (1989–1994)"] = {abbrev = "RBW", color = "#ADFF2F", shortname = "",}, ["Rainbow Party (Zambia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E3001B", shortname = "",}, ["Rainham & Wennington Independent Residents Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "",}, ["RAIZ"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2d3e4e", shortname = "",}, ["Raise Extremadura"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#169744", shortname = "",}, ["Rajasthan Vikas Party"] = {abbrev = "RJVP", color = "#FF3366", shortname = "",}, ["Rajyadhikara Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDD", shortname = "",}, ["Rakstham Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EAC926", shortname = "Rakstham",}, ["Rak Santi Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "Rak Santi",}, ["Rak Thailand Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Rak Thailand",}, ["Rakhine Nationalities Development Party"] = {abbrev = "RNDP", color = "#EB1D27", shortname = "",}, ["Ralliement Citoyen Pour La Patrie"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#61FED9", shortname = "",}, ["Rally & Issues"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development"] = {abbrev = "RADHI", color = "#A31124", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Caledonia"] = {abbrev = "RPC", color = "#1270C2", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Congolese Democracy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Culture and Democracy"] = {abbrev = "RCD", color = "#264989", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Democracy and Progress (Chad)"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#66CCFF", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Democracy and Progress (Namibia)"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#166B37", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Democracy and Progress (Niger)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBD127", shortname = "RDP-Jama'a",}, ["Rally for Democracy and Renewal"] = {abbrev = "RDR", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Democracy and Social Progress"] = {abbrev = "RDPS", color = "#00B100", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Democracy and Unity"] = {abbrev = "RDU", color = "#5986C7", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for France"] = {abbrev = "RPF", color = "#003399", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Hope for Algeria"] = {abbrev = "TAJ", color = "#8C71FA", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for Mali"] = {abbrev = "RPM", color = "#FCD116", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the Fatherland and Modernity"] = {abbrev = "RPM", color = "#83D2F9", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the Independence of France"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#003399", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the Monegasque Family"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AB7141", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the Republic – Lingui"] = {abbrev = "RPR–Lingui", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the Republic – Republican Party of Czechoslovakia"] = {abbrev = "SPR–RSČ", color = "#3E3E3E", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the Republic"] = {abbrev = "RPR", color = "#08206F", shortname = "",}, ["Rally for the New Republic"] = {abbrev = "RNR", color = "#FDF108", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of African Labourers–Senegal"] = {abbrev = "RTA-S", color = "#CC6633", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Builders"] = {abbrev = "RdB", color = "#31469D", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Congolese Ecologists – The Greens"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Democratic Forces"] = {abbrev = "RFD", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Democratic Forces in Chad"] = {abbrev = "RFDT", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Democrats, Progressive and Independent"] = {abbrev = "RDPI", color = "#08A1E3", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace"] = {abbrev = "RHDP", color = "#FF7900", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of People for Democratic Alternation"] = {abbrev = "RAPAD", color = "#db8b3b", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Progressive National Democrats"] = {abbrev = "RPND", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of Republican Lefts"] = {abbrev = "RGR", color = "#FFBF00", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of the Ecologists of Senegal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of the French People"] = {abbrev = "RPF", color = "#25038E", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of the Guinean People"] = {abbrev = "RPG", color = "#FEF200", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of the Republicans"] = {abbrev = "RDR", color = "#FF9933", shortname = "",}, ["Rally of the Togolese People"] = {abbrev = "RPT", color = "#037338", shortname = "",}, ["Rally Responsibility Success"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Ramgavar"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2554C7", shortname = "",}, ["RAŚ"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Rasanbleman Pou Lavansman Moris"] = {abbrev = "RPLM", color = "#5CE1E6", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtra Bhakt Dal"] = {abbrev = "RBD", color = "#F75808", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtravadi Bahujan Hitay Party"] = {abbrev = "RBHP", color = "#81F7F3", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtravadi Janata Party"] = {abbrev = "RJP", color = "#cdfecd", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtrawadi Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "RALP", color = "#BCA9F5", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtrawadi Sena"] = {abbrev = "RWS", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Aadiwasi Bahujan Party"] = {abbrev = "RABP", color = "#cc0066", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Aikta Manch Party"] = {abbrev = "RAM", color = "#81F781", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Ali Sena"] = {abbrev = "RAS", color = "#0F6433", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party"] = {abbrev = "RBCP", color = "#afeeee", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Bahujan Hitay Party"] = {abbrev = "RBHP", color = "#ffb5da", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Hith Congress"] = {abbrev = "RHC", color = "#5FB404", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party"] = {abbrev = "RJSP", color = "#ffdacc", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Janasachetan Party"] = {abbrev = "RJP", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Janata Dal"] = {abbrev = "RJD", color = "#056D05", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Janata Party"] = {abbrev ="RJP", color = "#FFC0CB" , shortname= "",}, ["Rashtriya Janmorcha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CA7EE4", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Kamgar Party"] = {abbrev = "RKAP", color = "#1E76D5", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Kranti Party"] = {abbrev = "RTKP", color = "#B47011", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party"] = {abbrev = "RKJP", color = "#a8e4bc", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party"] = {abbrev = "RKSP", color = "#8A0886", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Lok Dal"] = {abbrev = "RLD", color = "#006400", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party"] = {abbrev = "RLJP", color = "#39833C", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Lok Morcha"] = {abbrev = "RLM", color = "#100CA4", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Lok Samata Party"] = {abbrev = "RLSP", color = "#999966", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Lok Samta Party"] = {abbrev = "RLSP", color = "#999966", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Loktantrik Party"] = {abbrev = "RLP", color = "#FFD42A", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Manav Samman Party"] = {abbrev = "RMSP", color = "#BDDC9D", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Matrabhoomi Party"] = {abbrev = "RMP", color = "#CA8610", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party"] = {abbrev = "RMEP", color = "#5E610B", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Muslim Mujhahid Party"] = {abbrev = "RMMP", color = "#1F9E1D", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Parivartan Dal"] = {abbrev = "RPD", color = "#66FFCC", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Raksha Dal"] = {abbrev = "RRD", color = "#F79F81", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Samaj Paksha"] = {abbrev = "RSPS", color = "yellow", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)"] = {abbrev = "RSP(U)", color = "#A9F5F2", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Samanta Dal"] = {abbrev = "RSMD", color = "#D0FA58", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Samata Party (Secular)"] = {abbrev = "RSP(S)", color = "Brown", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Sawarn Shakti Party"] = {abbrev = "RSSHP", color = "#647E81", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Secular Majlis Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Green", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party"] = {abbrev = "RSBP", color = "#F5D0A9", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Swabhiman Party"] = {abbrev = "RSBP", color = "#2c2c8a", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Ulama Council"] = {abbrev = "RUC", color = "#ACFA58", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Unnatisheel Dal"] = {abbrev = "RUD", color = "#26B062", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Vikas Party"] = {abbrev = "RVP", color = "#D0A9F5", shortname = "",}, ["Rashtriya Yuva Swabhiman Party"] = {abbrev = "RYSP", color = "#1a34ff", shortname = "",}, ["Rastriya Mukti Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "RMPN", color = "blue", shortname = "Rastriya Mukti",}, ["Rassemblement Mauricien"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AD1F17", shortname = "",}, ["Rassemblement pour le Progrès et la Liberté"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF9966", shortname = "",}, ["Rassemblement Socialiste Mauricien"] = {abbrev = "RSM", color = "#61A6C5", shortname = "",}, ["Rassemblement Wallonie France"] = {abbrev = "", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Rastakhiz Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Blue", shortname = "",}, ["Rastriya Janamorcha"] = {abbrev = "RJM", color = "firebrick", shortname = "Janamorcha",}, ["Rastriya Janamukti Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "DodgerBlue", shortname = "Janamukti",}, ["Rastriya Janata Dal Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6DBCF", shortname = "RJD Nepal",}, ["Rastriya Janata Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "RJPN", color = "#FFb300", shortname = "",}, ["Rastriya Janshakti Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "khaki", shortname = "Janashakti",}, ["Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "yellow", shortname = "RPP (Chand)",}, ["Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Samyukta)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4682B4", shortname = "",}, ["Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "RPP-Nepal",}, ["Rastriya Prajatantra Party"] = {abbrev = "RPP", color = "gold", shortname = "",}, ["Rastriya Swatantra Party"] = {abbrev = "RSP", color = "#0095DA", shortname = "RSP",}, ["Rastriya Urjasheel Party Nepal"] = {abbrev = "RUPN", color = "orange", shortname = "Urjasheel"}, ["Rat Withi Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1C359A", shortname = "",}, ["Ratana"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A52A2A", shortname = "",}, ["Ratepayers and Residents Associations"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "Ratepayers & Residents",}, ["Ratepayers' Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "Ratepayers",}, ["Ratepayers' and Citizens' Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#dddddd", shortname = "Ratepayers & Citizens",}, ["Rates Control Team"] = {abbrev = "RCT", color = "#FFCD00", shortname = "Rates Control",}, ["Ratz (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C80004", shortname = "Ratz",}, ["Ravah Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E7EB16", shortname = "",}, ["Raving Loony Green Giant Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "Raving Loony Green Giant",}, ["Rayalaseema Parirakshana Samithi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party"] = {abbrev = "RMP", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Raza Unida Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC853F", shortname = "Raza Unida",}, ["Re-open Nominations"] = {abbrev = "RON", color = "Black", shortname = "",}, ["React, Include, Recycle"] = {abbrev = "RIR", color = "#00939D", shortname = "",}, ["Readjuster Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0EBFE9", shortname = "Readjuster",}, ["Reagrupament"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#841039", shortname = "",}, ["Real Alternative Party"] = {abbrev = "PAR", color = "#FECD0B", shortname = "",}, ["Real Alternative Party (Botswana)"] = {abbrev = "RAP", color = "#76402b", shortname = "",}, ["Real Democracy Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BFFF00", shortname = "Real Democracy",}, ["Real Democracy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Real Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0CB14B", shortname = "Real Democratic",}, ["Real Europe Movement"] = {abbrev = "RPE", color = "#00BFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Real NZ"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#72bfe8", shortname = "",}, ["Real Politics Union"] = {abbrev = "UPR", color = "#151a3a", shortname = "",}, ["Realists (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#013888", shortname = "",}, ["Reality Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Grey", shortname = "Reality",}, ["Realizing Goals"] = {abbrev = "RM", color = "#0B76C0", shortname = "",}, ["Reason Party (Australia)"] = {abbrev = "REA", color = "#4BB8B3", shortname = "Reason",}, ["Reason Party (Poland)"] = {abbrev = "RACJA", color = "#000000", shortname = "Reason Party",}, ["Reasonable Force (political party)"] = {abbrev = "RS", color = "#004A2A", shortname = "",}, ["Rebel Almería"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#981403", shortname = "",}, ["Rebirth Party (Northern Cyprus)"] = {abbrev = "YDP", color = "#00CCFF", shortname = "",}, ["Reborn Armenia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1E4277", shortname = "",}, ["Rebuilding Korea Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2773BA", shortname = "Rebuilding Korea",}, ["Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration"] = {abbrev = "RARI", color = "#734812", shortname = "Reclaim Australia"}, ["Reclaim Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C03F31", shortname = "Reclaim",}, ["Reconciliation and Liberation Bloc"] = {abbrev = "RLB", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Reconquête"] = {abbrev = "REC", color = "#170066", shortname = "",}, ["Reconstitution Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FFFF", shortname = "Reconstitution",}, ["Reconstruction and Development Coalition"] = {abbrev = "RDC", color = "#42B6AD", shortname = "",}, ["Recover Madrid"] = {abbrev = "RM", color = "#E9AE12", shortname = "",}, ["Recrear"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#35649C", shortname = "",}, ["Recreate Greece"] = {abbrev = "DX", color = "#F19914", shortname = "",}, ["Recuperar Badajoz"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A1E5E", shortname = "",}, ["Recuperemos El Ejido"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01781E", shortname = "",}, ["Red Current"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE1000", shortname = "",}, ["Red Dot United"] = {abbrev = "RDU", color = "#DC6698", shortname = "",}, ["Red Electoral Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#d4001a", shortname = "Red",}, ["Red Flag Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Red Front (UK)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "Red Front",}, ["Red Lions (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "Red Lions",}, ["Red Party (Dominican Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Red Party (Norway)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#871212", shortname = "Red",}, ["Red-Green Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D30B55", shortname = "",}, ["Red-Greens (Sweden)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0002D", shortname = "Red-Greens",}, ["Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F7660D", shortname = "Red–Green",}, ["Redbridge Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B14A41", shortname = "Redbridge Ind.",}, ["Redondela Electors' Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9A2428", shortname = "",}, ["Redondela Pode"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3C0C40", shortname = "",}, ["Referendum Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#bf475c", shortname = "Referendum",}, ["Referendum Party (South Africa)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFBB00", shortname = "RP",}, ["Reform and Development Party (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C7A317", shortname = "Reform&nbsp;&&nbsp;Development",}, ["Reform and Development Party (Morocco)"] = {abbrev = "PRD", color = "#93cde1", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Alliance for Good Governance and Accountability Coalition"] = {abbrev = "RAGE Coalition", color="#C32D1C", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Club of Hong Kong"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D04627", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#800080", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Front Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "DodgerBlue", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Group (Finland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E6E600", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Jersey"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#01547C", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Party (19th-century Wisconsin)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3333FF", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Latvia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#10A5DF", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Mauritania)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#715331", shortname = "El Islah",}, ["Reform Party (Mauritius)"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#EFE953", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Party (Minnesota)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A287E", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Mississippi)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A287E", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (New York State)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A287E", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (New Zealand)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00BB00", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Northern Mariana Islands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6A287E", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Philippines)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000CD", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Singapore)"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#FFC000", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Party (South Korea)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED6C00", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (Southern Rhodesia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#99FF99", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "RE", color = "#6A287E", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform Party of Canada"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3CB371", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reform PH - People's Party"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#800000", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "PPR", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Reform Star Party"] = {abbrev = "PBR", color = "#BCDA00", shortname = "",}, ["Reform UK"] = {abbrev = "Ref", color = "#1EB8D0", shortname = "Reform",}, ["Reformatory Political Federation"] = {abbrev = "RPF", color = "#7FD3E9", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Congress of Lesotho"] = {abbrev = "RCL", color = "#067a3e", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0E68C", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Patriotic Democrats"] = {abbrev = "RPD", color = "#004626", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Political Alliance"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#f7af20", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Political League"] = {abbrev = "GPV", color = "#6CBFD9", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Political Party – Reformatory Political Federation – Reformed Political League"] = {abbrev = "SGP/RPF/GPV", color = "#00a7eb", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed Political Party"] = {abbrev = "SGP", color = "#EA5B0B", shortname = "",}, ["Reformed United Liberia Party"] = {abbrev = "RULP", color = "#fefd32", shortname = "",}, ["Reformers (Hungarian political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D19E33", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Bloc"] = {abbrev = "RB", color = "#2A3A79", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Canarian Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FDBB4A", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00B1F0", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Movement"] = {abbrev = "MR", color = "#0047AB", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Movement (2023)"] = {abbrev = "MR", color = "#002EFF", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Party (Armenia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB0605", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Party (Dominican Republic)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff0000", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Party (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "Reformist",}, ["Reformist Party (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FB607F", shortname = "Reformist",}, ["Reformist Party (Portugal, 1868)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC0CB", shortname = "Reformist",}, ["Reformist Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "RS", color = "#FF6600", shortname = "",}, ["Reformist Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F28500", shortname = "Reformist",}, ["Reformist Party ORA"] = {abbrev = "PR ORA", color = "#29106B", shortname = "",}, ["Reformists of Vojvodina"] = {abbrev = "RV", color = "#E46713", shortname = "",}, ["Reforms and Freedom"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Reforms and Order Party"] = {abbrev = "PRP", color = "#2581CC", shortname = "",}, ["Reform the Legal System"] = {abbrev = "RLS", color = "#FF6900", shortname = "Legal System Reform",}, ["Refoundation for a Global Action"] = {abbrev = "RAG", color = "#F0C832", shortname = "",}, ["Regenerator Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0054A5", shortname = "Regenerator",}, ["Regional Citizens' Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CE1244", shortname = "",}, ["Regional Murcianist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAE800", shortname = "",}, ["Regional Integration Movement"] = {abbrev = "MIR", color = "#ADEEF7", shortname = "",}, ["Regional Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0066FF", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalism (politics)"] = {abbrev = "REG", color = "#DDDD00", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist (Restoration)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B4E0CA", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Action Party of Chile"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FDFA2F", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Alicantine Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#095387", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Call for Andalusia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#08B618", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Democracy of Castile and León"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#5DA923", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist League of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "LRC", color = "#CFAF3D", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist League of the Balearic Islands"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#834098", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Local Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#82CF05", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff8c00", shortname = "Regionalist",}, ["Regionalist Party for Eastern Andalusia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A6004D", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of Cantabria"] = {abbrev = "PRC", color = "#C2CE0C", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of Castilla-La Mancha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC143C", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of El Bierzo"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#005DA1", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of Guadalajara"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7310AD", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Party of the Independents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00FF00", shortname = "Regionalist",}, ["Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D20062", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Union of Castile and León"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1E4D79", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Unitary Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#882222", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Unity of Castile and León"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FE0000", shortname = "",}, ["Regionalist Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C9286B", shortname = "",}, ["Regions of Russia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#777777", shortname = "",}, ["Regroupement Socialiste Militant"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1F315C", shortname = "",}, ["Rehabilitation Alliance Party"] = {abbrev = "RAP", color = "#b26b2d", shortname = "",}, ["Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation"] = {abbrev = "VRP", color = "#0075EB", shortname = "",}, ["Reich Party of the German Middle Class"] = {abbrev = "WP", color = "#CCAA7A", shortname = "",}, ["Reigate and Banstead Residents Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Reinicia Sant Antoni"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#570D9E", shortname = "",}, ["Reiwa Shinsengumi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED008C", shortname = "Reiwa",}, ["Rejoin EU"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#003399", shortname = "",}, ["Religious Torah Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000", shortname = "",}, ["Religious Zionist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#214785", shortname = "Religious Zionist",}, ["Reload Bulgaria"] = {abbrev = "", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Renaissance (French political party)"] = {abbrev = "RE", color = "#FFD600", shortname = "",}, ["Renaissance (Italian political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#56A5EC", shortname = "Renaissance",}, ["Renaissance and Union of Europe Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Renaissance group"] = {abbrev = "RE", color = "#FFD600", shortname = "",}, ["Renaissance Party (Morocco)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#894c30", shortname = "Annahda",}, ["RENAMO"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E3192", shortname = "",}, ["Renew Europe"] = {abbrev = "RE", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Renew Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#16C0D7", shortname = "Renew",}, ["Renewal Bloc"] = {abbrev = "RB", color = "#092f56", shortname = "Renewal Bloc",}, ["Renewal (Greece)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FAFF5F", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2B4F32", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal and Development Party"] = {abbrev = "PRD", color = "#46FA0B", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal Crusade"] = {abbrev = "", color = "SkyBlue", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal Front"] = {abbrev = "FR", color = "#0E3C61", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal Liberal Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BD782D", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal of the Republic of Poland"] = {abbrev = "ONRP", color = "#E0115F", shortname="OdNowa RP",}, ["Renewal Party of Ibiza and Formentera"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#354B84", shortname = "",}, ["Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3EA3D2", shortname = "",}, ["Renewed African Socialist Movement"] = {abbrev = "MSAR", color = "#EE403F", shortname = "",}, ["Renewed Caledonian Union"] = {abbrev = "UC-R", color = "green", shortname = "",}, ["Renewed Democratic Liberty"] = {abbrev = "LIDER", color = "#E20A17", shortname = "",}, ["Renewed United Democratic Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009191", shortname = "",}, ["Renewing Romania's European Project"] = {abbrev = "REPER", color = "#c40075", shortname = "",}, ["Renewing Communist Ecological Left"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF4900", shortname = "",}, ["Renmen Ayiti"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0087DC", shortname = "",}, ["Renovating Action Party"] = {abbrev = "PAR", color = "#174b8e", shortname = "Renovating Action",}, ["Renovator Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E7393D", shortname = "",}, ["Rent Is Too Damn High Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#703642", shortname = "Rent Is Too Damn High",}, ["Renua"] = {abbrev = "Ren", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "Renua",}, ["Repair Poland Movement"] = {abbrev = "RNP", color = "#1E293B", shortname = "",}, ["Repeal Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDFFDD", shortname = "Irish Repeal",}, ["Repiblik Sitwayen Popiler"] = {abbrev = "RSP", color = "#004AB2", shortname = "",}, ["Repons Peyizan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009A17", shortname = "",}, ["Republic (Croatian political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F3C300", shortname = "Republic",}, ["Republic (Faroe Islands)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BED630", shortname = "Republic",}, ["Republic (Latvia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#075895", shortname = "",}, ["Republic (Slovakia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#e30512", shortname = "Republic",}, ["Republic (Transnistria)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#990000", shortname = "Republic",}, ["Republic National Independent Party"] = {abbrev = "RNIP", color = "#30347B", shortname = "",}, ["Republic of Fiji Military Forces"] = {abbrev = "RFMF", color = "#C3B091", shortname = "",}, ["Republic of Unification Party"] = {abbrev = "PRU", color = "#800000", shortname = "",}, ["Republicain En Marche"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7CA281", shortname = "",}, ["Republican (Ireland, 1923)"] = {abbrev = "Rep", color = "#008800", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#66BB66", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Action (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "AR", color = "#FF7028", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Alternative (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#75246C", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Alternative Party (Azerbaijan)"] = {abbrev = "REAL", color = "#EE3340", shortname = "",}, ["Republican and Socialist Front"] = {abbrev = "FRS", color = "#FF2E3F", shortname = "",}, ["Republican and Socialist Left (2018)"] = {abbrev = "GRS", color = "#D23150", shortname = "",}, ["Republican and Socialist Left"] = {abbrev = "GRS", color = "#D53150", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Bicentennial Vanguard"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BE4736", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Bloc"] = {abbrev = "BR", color = "#93c842", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Candidacy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#6C3E89", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Catalan Action"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E2A554", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Clubs"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE0000", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Coalition (Spain, 1901)"] = {abbrev = "CR", color = "#7A1B6A", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Coalition (Spain, 1914)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#864891", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Constitutional Union"] = {abbrev = "UCR", color = "#A352A3", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Democratic Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808080", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "UDR", color = "#0000BB", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Equality Front"] = {abbrev = "FER", color = "#B9E16F", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Fascist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Federation (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#804AB5", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Federation"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#005ACA", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Force"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0070B8", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Front (Catalonia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB2071", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Front for Unity and Democracy"] = {abbrev = "FRUD", color = "#75353f", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Fusion"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#682159", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Group of Coslada"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#82177F", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "RepLab", color = "#85de59", shortname = "Republican Labour",}, ["Republican Left (Spain, 1977)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B5047B", shortname = "",}, ["Republican League (Lithuania)"] = {abbrev = "RL", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Left (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "IR", color = "#E25822", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Left of Catalonia"] = {abbrev = "ERC", color = "#FFB232", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Liberal Party (Panama)"] = {abbrev = "PLR", color = "pink", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Liberal Party (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "PLR", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Moderate Party (Alaska)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DD4444", shortname = "Republican Moderate",}, ["Republican Movement (Mauritius)"] = {abbrev = "MR", color = "#009C00", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Movement (Switzerland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#61380B", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy"] = {abbrev = "MRSD", color = "#00FFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Nation Party"] = {abbrev = "CMP", color = "#C83737", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Nationalist Centre"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CC9933", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Nationalist Federal Union"] = {abbrev = "UFNR", color = "#993366", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Nationalist Party of Ourense"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4040C0", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Network for Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#004400", shortname = "Republican Network",}, ["Republican Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4169e1", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Belarus)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#811F20", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3CB371", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Lightblue", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "PR", color = "#009F3C", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Cambodia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Chile, 2019)"] = {abbrev = "PLR", color = "#22446D", shortname = "",}, -- for 2019–2024 abbreviation ["Republican Party (China)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC500", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Costa Rica)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0018A8", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Timor-Leste)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#24A236", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "PR", color = "#0150C2", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Guatemala)"] = {abbrev = "PR", color = "#243467", shortname = "Republican Party",}, ["Republican Party (Hungary)"] = {abbrev = "KP", color = "#0067A5", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Liberia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Lithuania)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "brown", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Maldives)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC0A0A", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Mongolia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#392d77", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Namibia)"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#FFF100", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Pakistan)"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#6495ED", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Panama)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFA500", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Philippines)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#191970", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#c2121d", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D69652", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Spain, 1913)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A83E90", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (Tunisia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CF171F", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party (United States)"] = {abbrev = "R", color = "#E81B23", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal"] = {abbrev = "PRDR", color = "#0198E2", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party for Independence and Development"] = {abbrev = "PRID", color = "#f8d568", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Afghanistan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "skyblue", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Albania"] = {abbrev = "PR", color = "#20267A", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Armenia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D2691E", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party of Chile"] = {abbrev = "PRCh", color = "#22446D", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party of Dahomey"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F38C22", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants"] = {abbrev = "RSZML", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Havana"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CD5C5C", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party of India (Athawale)"] = {abbrev = "RPI(A)", color = "#000080", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of India (Gavai)"] = {abbrev = "RPI(G)", color = "#6633EE", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of India (Khobragade)"] = {abbrev = "RPI(K)", color = "darkblue", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of India Ektavadi"] = {abbrev = "RPIE", color = "#BFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of India"] = {abbrev = "RPI", color = "#000066", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Labour and Justice"] = {abbrev = "RPTS", color = "#DE7673", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Liberty"] = {abbrev = "PRL", color = "#4CA2E7", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Puerto Rico"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E81B23", shortname = "Republican",}, ["Republican Party of Russia"] = {abbrev = "RPR", color = "#FE4801", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party"] = {abbrev = "RPR–PARNAS", color = "#8A1739", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of Senegal"] = {abbrev = "PRS", color = "#99CC66", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Party of the Social Order"] = {abbrev = "PROS", color = "#F68F22", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Patriotic Rally"] = {abbrev = "RPR", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Republican People's Party (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "RPP", color = "#B7800B", shortname = "Republican&nbsp;People's",}, ["Republican People's Party"] = {abbrev = "CHP", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "",}, ["Republican People's Union"] = {abbrev = "UPR", color = "#005A9D", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Peronism"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#007FFF", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Platform"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0066FF", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Pole"] = {abbrev = "PR", color = "#DD391F", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Progressive Democratic Front"] = {abbrev = "FDPR", color = "#EE2C21", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Progressive Party"] = {abbrev = "PPR", color = "#AFEEEE", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Proposal"] = {abbrev = "PRO", color = "#ffd700", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Refoundation"] = {abbrev = "RR", color = "#b10136", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Reliance Party"] = {abbrev = "CGP", color = "#FF4500", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Right group"] = {abbrev = "DR", color = "#0265CC", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Sinn Féin"] = {abbrev = "RSF", color = "#008800", shortname = "Republican Sinn Féin",}, ["Republican Social Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#313439", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Turkish Party"] = {abbrev = "CTP", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Union (France)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C0504D", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Union (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "PUR", color = "#A52A2A", shortname = "Republican Union",}, ["Republican Union (Puerto Rico)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "&nbsp;", shortname = "Republican Union",}, ["Republican Union (Spain, 1934)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#672F6C", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Union (Guatemala)"] = {abbrev = "UR", color = "#2c3592", shortname = "Republican Union",}, ["Republican Union Party (Colombia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FBCEB1", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Union Party (Ecuador)"] = {abbrev = "PUR", color = "#D0FF14", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Union (Spain, 1903)"] = {abbrev = "UR", color = "#931585", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Union Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Unity"] = {abbrev = "UNIR", color = "#0abd01", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D0FF14", shortname = "",}, ["Republican Villagers Nation Party"] = {abbrev = "CKMP", color = "#C83737", shortname = "",}, ["Republican-Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PRS", color = "#DE3163", shortname = "",}, ["Republican–Socialist Conjunction"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C11956", shortname = "Republican–Socialist",}, ["Republican, Ecologist and Social Alliance"] = {abbrev = "ARES", color = "#4169E1", shortname = "",}, ["Republican/Hold"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFF1EE", shortname = "",}, ["Republicans (Brazil)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0070C5", shortname = "Republicanos",}, ["Republicans for Bulgaria"] = {abbrev = "RzB", color = "#2B4A99", shortname = "",}, ["Republicans"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#AB0EA7", shortname = "",}, ["Res Publica Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#04427C", shortname = "Res Publica",}, ["Rescuers"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2B4295", shortname = "",}, ["Residents Action Movement"] = {abbrev = "RAM", color = "#467CFA", shortname = "",}, ["Residents Action Party"] = {abbrev = "RAP", color = "#d3d3d3", shortname = "",}, ["Residents and Ratepayers (Manukau)"] = {abbrev = "R&R", color = "dodgerblue", shortname = "",}, ["Residents Association of London"] = {abbrev = "", color = "teal", shortname = "Residents",}, ["Residents Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ffd0e8", shortname = "Residents",}, ["Residents Associations of Epsom and Ewell"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "Residents Association",}, ["Residents for Guildford and Villages"] = {abbrev = "R4GV", color = "#CA1F7B", shortname = "",}, ["Residents for Uttlesford"] = {abbrev = "R4U", color = "#00a88f", shortname = "",}, ["Residents' Association of Barnet"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#669966", shortname = "Residents' Association",}, ["Residents' Association of London"] = {abbrev = "", color = "gray", shortname = "",}, ["Residents' association"] = {abbrev = "RA", color = "#666666", shortname = "",}, ["RESIST (electoral list)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00A94F", shortname = "",}, ["Resistance Front of Islamic Iran"] = {abbrev = "RFII", color = "#23aba1", shortname = "",}, ["Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement"] = {abbrev = "RGB-BM", color = "#0A86F8", shortname = "",}, ["Resistance Party (France)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0072BB", shortname = "",}, ["Résistons!"] = {abbrev = "R!", color = "#034EA1", shortname = "",}, ["Resni.ca"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7C5199", shortname = "",}, ["Résoatao Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#154FE6", shortname = "",}, ["Residenti Beltin"] = {abbrev ="RB", color = "##d2232a", shortname = "",}, ["Respect (Haiti)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Respect",}, ["Respect Moldova Movement"] = {abbrev = "MRM", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "Respect Moldova",}, ["Respect Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#46801c", shortname = "Respect",}, ["Respeto"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8E1919", shortname = "",}, ["Responsibility – Social Democratic Alliance of Political Parties"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ADD8E6", shortname = "",}, ["Responsible Future (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#322757", shortname = "",}, ["Responsible Government Association"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF7F00", shortname = "",}, ["Respublica (Kazakh political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#4A78EC", shortname = "Respublica",}, ["Respublika (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#20959E", shortname = "Respublika",}, ["Respublika–Ata Zhurt"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFCF06", shortname = "",}, ["Restart Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#e00f20", shortname = "Restart",}, ["Restoration of Ukraine"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDD00", shortname = "Restoration",}, ["Restore and Build Kenya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000ff", shortname = "",}, ["Restore Britain"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#051D3F", shortname = "Restore",}, ["Restore Democracy Sack Dan Andrews Party"] = {abbrev = "RDSD", color = "#C72C32", shortname = "Restore Democracy",}, ["Restore Scotland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#006EB6", shortname = "",}, ["Restore the Family for Children's Sake"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Goldenrod", shortname = "",}, ["RETE Movement"] = {abbrev = "RETE", color = "#275956", shortname = "",}, ["Retirees Party for the Future"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#59A35A", shortname = "",}, ["RETO Movement"] = {abbrev = "RETO", color = "#012F71", shortname = "",}, ["Reunification Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#E60026", shortname = "Reunification Democratic",}, ["Reunification Movement for Change"] = {abbrev = "RMC", color = "#F16A26", shortname = "",}, ["Reunited National Party"] = {abbrev = "HNP", color = "#ff9933", shortname = "Reunited National",}, ["Reus Independent Coordinator"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A71F21", shortname = "",}, ["Revenue Tariff Party (Tasmania)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDB58", shortname = "Revenue Tariff",}, ["Revival (Bulgarian political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C09F62", shortname = "Revival",}, ["Revival (Ukraine)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#90BEDC", shortname = "Revival",}, ["Revival of the Chinese Alliance"] = {abbrev = "RCA", color = "#eb0f19", shortname = "",}, ["Revival Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Crimson", shortname = "",}, ["Revival Party (Moldova)"] = {abbrev = "Revival", color = "#DA0712", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Action Party"] = {abbrev = "PAR", color = "#4682b4", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B41E17", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Civic Union"] = {abbrev = "UCR", color = "#6B8E23", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Agrarian Movement of the Bolivian Peasantry"] = {abbrev = "MARC", color = "#D29D7D", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang"] = {abbrev = "RCCK", color = "#1b65af", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Group (UK)"] = {abbrev = "RCG", color = "#ED2024", shortname = "Revolutionary Communist Group",}, ["Revolutionary Communist League (France)"] = {abbrev = "LCR", color = "#C41E3A", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist League (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DF0101", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Movement of Greece"] = {abbrev = "EKKE", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party (Argentina)"] = {abbrev = "PCR", color = "#E00000", shortname = "Revolutionary Communist Party",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DF0101", shortname = "Revolutionary Communist Party",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1978)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#880000", shortname = "Revolutionary Communist",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)"] = {abbrev = "RCP (GB) (ML)", color = "#660000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party of India"] = {abbrev = "RCPI", color = "#f13c45", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Communist Party, USA"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C80815", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Democratic Coalition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Democratic Front (2006)"] = {abbrev = "FDR", color = "#f6e623", shortname = "Revolutionary Democratic",}, ["Revolutionary Democratic Party of India"] = {abbrev = "RDP(I)", color = "#F78181", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Febrerista Party"] = {abbrev = "PRF", color = "#01a755", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Goans Party"] = {abbrev = "RGP", color = "#E3C773", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Front (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "FRI", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0500BE", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Movement (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "MIR", color = "#FF8000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "MIR", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Movement (Venezuela)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Movement – Free Bolivia"] = {abbrev = "MIR-BL", color = "#E2DB51", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Left Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "darkred", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Liberation Movement Túpac Katari"] = {abbrev = "MRTKL", color = "#A57DAD", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Marxist Party of India"] = {abbrev = "RMPI", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Middle Class"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Black", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Nationalist Movement"] = {abbrev = "MNR", color = "#F19CBB", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Organization"] = {abbrev = "RO", color = "#ee1c25", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "RPCP", color = "#ED2E38", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Party (Guatemala)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9B7A01", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification"] = {abbrev = "PRUD", color = "#FAAFBE", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Party of Nationalist Integration"] = {abbrev = "PRIN", color = "#EF8464", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Party of the National Left"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D62222", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front"] = {abbrev = "DHKP-C", color = "#D40000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary People's Party"] = {abbrev = "RPP", color = "#11683B", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Social Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "RSD", color = "#5293EF", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik)"] = {abbrev = "RSP(B)", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)"] = {abbrev = "RSP", color = "#d84c4c", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)"] = {abbrev = "RSP(L)", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (Luxembourg)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#960018", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)"] = {abbrev = "RSP", color = "#990000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (Peru)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party (Portugal)"] = {abbrev = "PSR", color = "#780000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "DSİP", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Union (Peru)"] = {abbrev = "UR", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary United Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Workers Party (Chile)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BE0411", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Workers Party (US)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#aa0000", shortname = "Revolutionary Workers",}, ["Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh"] = {abbrev = "BRWP", color = "Black", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Workers' Party (Bolivia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8B0000", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Workers' Party (Russia)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DE0403", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B22222", shortname = "",}, ["Revolutionary Workers' Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "DİP", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "Revolutionary Workers' Party",}, ["Revolutionary Workers' Party (Uruguay)"] = {abbrev = "POR", color = "#fff44f", shortname = "",}, ["Revolution for Prosperity"] = {abbrev = "RFP", color = "#411143", shortname = "",}, ["Révolution Permanente"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#c12627 ", shortname = "",}, ["Rewmi"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E68F3F", shortname = "",}, ["Rex Patrick Team"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#16b7cd", shortname = "",}, ["Rexist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D31212", shortname = "Rexist",}, ["Rézistans Égalité 974"] = {abbrev = "RÉ974", color = "#ee2125", shortname = "",}, ["Rezistans ek Alternativ"] = {abbrev = "ReA", color = "#fad400", shortname = "",}, ["Réveille des Jeunes"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#C540C9", shortname = "",}, ["Rhinoceros Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D8BFD8", shortname = "Rhinoceros",}, ["Rhodesia Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DC241f", shortname = "Labour",}, ["Rhodesia Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FF7F00", shortname = "",}, ["Rhodesian Action Party"] = {abbrev = "RAP", color = "#ffd700", shortname = "",}, ["Rhodesian Front"] = {abbrev = "RF", color = "#C247C2", shortname = "",}, ["Rhodesian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "Orange", shortname = "",}, ["Rhuddlan Debt Protest Campaign"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Right Alliance (Belarus)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#959492", shortname = "",}, ["Right Bloc"] = {abbrev = "PB", color = "#C5DDFD", shortname = "",}, ["Right Cause"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0BD48", shortname = "",}, ["Right Choice (Czech Republic)"] = {abbrev = "SpV", color = "#0056d6", shortname = "",}, ["Right-Green People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#008000", shortname = "",}, ["Right Person Electorate Coalition"] = {abbrev = "RPEC", color = "#6D3290", shortname = "",}, ["Right Romania Alliance"] = {abbrev = "ARD", color = "#318CE7", shortname = "",}, ["Right Sector"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#110C17", shortname = "",}, ["Right to Change"] = {abbrev = "RTC", color = "#EE4035", shortname = "Right to Change",}, ["Right Wing of the Republic"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#BE282D", shortname = "",}, ["Right-wing independent"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0000FF", shortname = "",}, ["Righteous Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#901380", shortname = "",}, ["Rightist Opposition"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7C1F3C", shortname = "Right Opposition",}, ["Right Socialist Party of Japan"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EE5807", shortname = "Right Socialist",}, ["Right to Recall Party"] = {abbrev = "RRP", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Rights and Equality Party"] = {abbrev = "HEPAR", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Rights and Freedoms Party (Turkey)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFDB4D", shortname = "",}, ["Rights and Freedoms Party"] = {abbrev = "HAK-PAR", color = "#E6E600", shortname = "",}, ["Rights and Justice Party"] = {abbrev = "HAP", color = "#996633", shortname = "",}, ["Rights and Liberties Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Rights Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E2566", shortname = "Huqooq",}, ["Rights Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DDDDDD", shortname = "",}, ["Rikken Dōshikai"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#DA7B8B", shortname = "",}, ["Rikken Kaishintō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#cd5c5c", shortname = "",}, ["Rikken Kakushintō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#00AE9D", shortname = "",}, ["Rikken Kokumintō"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#A090E0", shortname = "",}, ["Rikken Seiyūkai"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E980F", shortname = "",}, ["Rikken Yōseikai"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B0313F", shortname = "",}, ["Rio-grandense Republican Party"] = {abbrev = "PRR", color = "#DE2910", shortname = "",}, ["Rinnovu"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#500F0B", shortname = "",}, ["Riojan Party"] = {abbrev = "PR+", color = "#00AA42", shortname = "",}, ["Río Negro Provincial Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EB3721", shortname = "",}, ["Ring Ring (political party)"] = {abbrev = "DD", color = "#FFDA58", shortname = "Ring Ring",}, ["RISE – Scotland's Left Alliance"] = {abbrev = "RISE", color = "#f15723", shortname = "",}, ["RISE (Ireland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED161F", shortname = "RISE",}, ["Rise Mzansi"] = {abbrev = "RISE", color = "#0336D8", shortname = "",}, ["Rise Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2E127D", shortname = "",}, ["Rise Up Australia Party"] = {abbrev = "RUA", color = "#0080FF", shortname = "Rise Up",}, ["Rising Sun for Latvia"] = {abbrev = "ASL", color = "#9d2235", shortname = "",}, ["Rising Sun Party"] = {abbrev = "RIS", color = "#FFB040", shortname = "",}, ["Ritō (government supporters)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009933", shortname = "",}, ["Rivas Puede"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#812868", shortname = "",}, ["Rivers of Justice"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1C24", shortname = "",}, ["Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "PDP", color = "#FF0000", shortname = "",}, ["Robbie the Pict (Independent)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFFFFF", shortname = "",}, ["Rochford District Residents"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#930000", shortname = "Rochford Resident",}, ["Rock 'n' Roll Loony Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#c71585", shortname = "Rock 'n' Roll Loony",}, ["Rock The Vote NZ"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#012268", shortname = "",}, ["Rockingham Whigs"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#F0DC82", shortname = "",}, ["Rodacy Kamraci"] = {abbrev = "RK", color = "#9e0000", shortname = "Rodacy Kamraci",}, ["Rodina (political party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E61B23", shortname = "Rodina",}, ["Rodina (political bloc)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CA0002", shortname = "Rodina",}, ["Rodney First"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#009999", shortname = "",}, ["Rodrigues Militant Movement–Rodrigues Patriotic Front"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7AD553", shortname = "Alliance FPR-MMR",}, ["Rodrigues Movement"] = {abbrev = "MR", color = "#21FF21", shortname = "",}, ["Rodrigues People's Organisation"] = {abbrev = "OPR", color = "#5E171D", shortname = "",}, ["Roma Civic Initiative"] = {abbrev = "ROI", color = "brown", shortname = "",}, ["Roma Party"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "#016830", shortname = "",}, ["Roma Union of Serbia"] = {abbrev = "URS", color = "#A3C5EA", shortname = "",}, ["Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands"] = {abbrev = "RKPN", color = "#0033BB", shortname = "",}, ["Roman Catholic People's Party"] = {abbrev = "RKVP", color = "#7F7F99", shortname = "",}, ["Roman Catholic State Party"] = {abbrev = "RKSP", color = "#003319", shortname = "",}, ["Romani Initiative"] = {abbrev = "RI", color = "#FF3A15", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Communist Party"] = {abbrev = "PCR", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Democratic Convention"] = {abbrev = "CDR", color = "#004A92", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Ecologist Party"] = {abbrev = "PER", color = "#07733F", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian ethnic minority parties"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#000000", shortname = "Minority&nbsp;parties",}, ["Romania Forward Electoral Alliance"] = {abbrev = "A.Ro", color = "#56C4CF", shortname = "",}, ["Romania in Action Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#8ECAE4", shortname = "Romania in Action",}, ["Romanian Front"] = {abbrev = "FR", color = "#000000", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian National Conservative Party"] = {abbrev = "PNCR", color = "#1665FE", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian National Party"] = {abbrev = "PNR", color = "#00B7AF", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian National Unity Party"] = {abbrev = "PUNR", color = "#1BB0E8", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Nationhood Party"] = {abbrev = "NR", color = "#F7D117", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian People's Party"] = {abbrev = "VNS", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Popular Party"] = {abbrev = "PPR", color = "#FFFF00", shortname = "",}, ["România Renaște"] = {abbrev = "MRR", color = "#2E3192", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)"] = {abbrev = "PSD", color = "#D40000", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "pink", shortname = "PSDR (Social)",}, ["Romanian Social Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ff0000", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Socialist Democratic Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED2128", shortname = "PSDR (Socialist)",}, ["Romanian Socialist Party (1992–2015)"] = {abbrev = "PSR", color = "#CC0000", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Socialist Party (2003)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#E30615", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Sovereigntist Bloc"] = {abbrev = "BSR", color = "#2A50A1", shortname = "",}, ["Romantic Mutual Support Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFC0CB", shortname = "",}, ["Romanian Village Party"] = {abbrev = "RoSAT", color = "#85CCE2", shortname = "",}, ["Ronda Green Space"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#52886E", shortname = "",}, ["Ronda Sí Se Puede"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#63376A", shortname = "",}, ["Rondeños por Ronda"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#7F7F7F", shortname = "",}, ["Roos Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFD700", shortname = "Roos",}, ["Roots in Macau"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#33FF00", shortname = "",}, ["Roots Party of Kenya"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#EC3237", shortname = "",}, ["Roque Aguayro"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D93224", shortname = "",}, ["Roque de Gando"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#FFF200", shortname = "",}, ["Rose in the Fist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "gold", shortname = "",}, ["ROSSEM"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#B7007D", shortname = "",}, ["Rother Association of Independent Councillors"] = {abbrev = "RAOIC", color = "#BD8E00", shortname = "",}, ["Round Table—Free Georgia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#852E23", shortname = "Round Table",}, ["Roundhead"] = {abbrev = "", color = "white", shortname = "",}, ["Roundtable (Hong Kong)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#509ccd", shortname = "Roundtable",}, ["Royalist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#66023C", shortname = "",}, ["Royal Italy"] = {abbrev = "IR", color = "#0C0066", shortname = "",}, ["RPR-UDF"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0066CC", shortname = "",}, ["Ruch Odbudowy Polski"] = {abbrev = "ROP", color = "#db1736", shortname = "",}, ["Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana Party"] = {abbrev = "RJTCPN", color = "#FFEF00", shortname = "",}, ["Ruam Jai Thai Party"] = {abbrev = "RJT", color = "#eb1b28", shortname = "",}, ["Ruhunu People's Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#683053", shortname = "",}, ["Ruiz-Mateos Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#28365D", shortname = "Ruiz-Mateos",}, ["Rukhaniyat Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "green", shortname = "Rukhaniyat",}, ["Ruktam Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#799C44", shortname = "Ruktam",}, ["Runnymede Independent Residents' Group"] = {abbrev = "RIRG", color = "#264404", shortname = "",}, ["Runta iyo Cadaaladda"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#1b9df5", shortname = "",}, ["Rural Development Party"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "", shortname = "",}, ["Rural Development Party (Vanuatu)"] = {abbrev = "RDP", color = "#14BED7", shortname = "Rural Development",}, ["Rural Independents Group"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#CCFFCC", shortname = "",}, ["Rural Nationalist Bloc"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#048043", shortname = "",}, ["Rural Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#808000", shortname = "",}, ["Rural Party (Iceland)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "purple", shortname = "",}, ["Rurality Movement"] = {abbrev = "LMR", color = "#0049A1", shortname = "",}, ["Rushcliffe Independents"] = {abbrev = "RI", color = "pink", shortname = "Rushcliffe Ind."}, ["Russellite Unionist"] = {abbrev = "", color = "orange", shortname = "",}, ["Russia of the Future"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#44B4E3", shortname = "",}, ["Russian All-National Union"] = {abbrev = "RONS", color = "#322E2E", shortname = "",}, ["Russian All-People's Union"] = {abbrev = "ROS", color = "#FF9C00", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Alliance"] = {abbrev = "RA", color = "#1C28B2", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Communist Workers Party"] = {abbrev = "RCWP", color = "#D50000", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"] = {abbrev = "RCWP–CPSU", color = "#A9231B", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Community"] = {abbrev = "RO", color = "#141615", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Democratic Reform Movement"] = {abbrev = "RDDR", color = "#E9E26E", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Ecological Party \"The Greens\""] = {abbrev = "", color = "#438E58", shortname = "The Greens",}, ["Russian Labour Front"] = {abbrev = "RTF", color = "#34499A", shortname = "",}, ["Russian National Party"] = {abbrev = "RNP", color = "blue", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Opposition Coordination Council"] = {abbrev = "KSO", color = "#737587", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party (Russia)"] = {abbrev = "RP", color = "black", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party (Serbia)"] = {abbrev = "RS", color = "#0D3B66", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party in Estonia"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#2b677f", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party of Freedom and Justice"] = {abbrev = "RPSS", color = "#AC0907", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party of Life"] = {abbrev = "RPL", color = "#D82828", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice"] = {abbrev = "RPPSJ", color = "#C52030", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party of Social Democracy"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D51F76", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3CB371", shortname = "",}, ["Russian People's Democratic Union"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D00032", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Social Democratic Labour Party"] = {abbrev = "RSDLP", color = "#D40000", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#ED1B34", shortname = "Mensheviks",}, ["Russian Socialist Movement"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#D62B24", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#020266", shortname = "",}, ["Russian United Industrial Party"] = {abbrev = "ROPP", color = "#4E6287", shortname = "",}, ["Ruthenian Peasants Party"] = {abbrev = "RKhP", color = "#36454F", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Bloc (party)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#0A347C", shortname = "",}, ["Russian Unity"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#054C9F", shortname = "",}, ["Russophiles for the Revival of the Fatherland"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#3EB149", shortname = "",}, ["Rwandan Patriotic Front"] = {abbrev = "RPF", color = "#39A3DC", shortname = "",}, ["Rwandan Socialist Party"] = {abbrev = "PSR", color = "red", shortname = "",}, ["Ryokufūkai (1947–1960)"] = {abbrev = "", color = "#9ACBAB", shortname = "Ryokufūkai",}, } return { full = full, alternate = alternate, } 9jmg8w5ykwm58vhkxvuedn9xdx1modc 828 9901 35479 2026-07-08T15:50:42Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Delink}} == Usage == {{Mlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|<party>|<value>}} == Parameters == {{Transcluded section|source=Template:Political party/doc}} {{Trim|{{#section:Template:Political party/doc|Parameters}}}} ==Updating the module== The political parties contained in this module are split into alphabetised lists based on the first character of the name (for example, "Labour Party (UK)" would be under [[Module:Political party/L|<code>/L</code>]]). The [[Module:Political party/1|<code>/1</code>]] subpage is for any party that does not start with the letters A to Z of the [[Latin alphabet]] (including numbers and accented characters). For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> ["Örebro Party"] = {abbrev = "ÖP", color = "#000000", shortname = "Örebro Party",}, </syntaxhighlight> The "Örebro Party" begins with a letter that is not in the Latin alphabet, the letter "O" with two dots above it. The two dots are a diacritic mark called an [[Umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]]. This party should be placed on the <code>/1</code> subpage. Within each data submodule are two local groups: <code lang=lua>local alternate</code> and <code lang=lua>local full</code>. ===Alternate party names=== The alternate group is for alternate names of a party. The following is an example of alternate names for the [[Labour Party (UK)]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local alternate = { .... ["Labour and Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ["Labour Co-operative"] = "Labour Party (UK)", ... } </syntaxhighlight> The first entry in square brackets is the alternate name, and the second entry only in quotes is the name found in the <code>full</code> group, seen below. Note that the alternate name of a party should be stored in its corresponding letter-based subpage; "Alabama Democratic Party" is listed in [[Module:Political party/A|/A]] even though it is an alternate name for "Democratic Party (US)" (which is stored in [[Module:Political party/D|/D]]). === Table values === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local full = { .... ["Labour Party (UK)"] = {abbrev = "Lab", color = "#E4003B", shortname = "Labour",}, ... } </syntaxhighlight> There are three values stored for each party: * The abbreviation (<code>abbrev</code>). * The color of the party (<code>color</code>), which can either be a [[hex triplet]] or [[Web_colors#Basic colors|basic color name]] or, if the party does not have an associated color, "default". * A shorter name for the party (<code>shortname</code>). The values added to these parameters need not be unique from other parties in this module, unlike the primary name of a party. If a name value is not stored for a party, the module will attempt to return the other "short" name variant before returning the input. Thus, if <code>abbrev</code> is stored but <code>shortname</code> is not, regardless of which value is asked for it will return the <code>abbrev</code> value. ==Requesting an addition or a change == If you are unable to edit a module directly, an edit request will need to be made. Requests should be made at the [[Module talk:Political party|talk page]] in a new section. Copy the following line and fill in {{em|only}} the fields relevant to the party. A party name is required as is at least one other piece of information. See above for information regarding each value. * <code>["party"] = {abbrev = "", color = "", shortname = "",},</code> ==Error messages== {| class="wikitable" |+Module error messages and resolutions !Error message !Resolution |- |Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'sub' (string expected, got table). |An entry intended for the "local full" section has been placed into the "local alternate" section. Move it to the "local full" section |- | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Political party/' not found. | Party added to alternate list with empty value. |- |Value not in template. Please request that it be added. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Value+not+in+template.+Please+request+that+it+be+added.%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) |The party in question has an entry with no color in the "local full" section. (This can be caused by duplicate entries in "local full" that, if present, should be merged.) |- |(no error message, but party color is white/blank) |Add a color for the party to its entry in the "local full" section in the relevant Module:Political party/ lettered data page (see links below). |- |parameter 1 should be a party name ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+1+should+be+a+party+name%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=6facepv07u1udc6gtrdi3x0fy article search]) | A template is trying to feed a missing parameter to the module. Work around this by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Election_box_inline_candidate_with_party_link_no_change&action=history testing for the parameter] in the template. |- |parameter 2 should be the output type ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22parameter+2+should+be+the+output+type%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1 article search]) | |- |} == Data pages == {{div col}} *[[Module:Political party/1|Political party/1]] *[[Module:Political party/A|Political party/A]] *[[Module:Political party/B|Political party/B]] *[[Module:Political party/C|Political party/C]] *[[Module:Political party/D|Political party/D]] *[[Module:Political party/E|Political party/E]] *[[Module:Political party/F|Political party/F]] *[[Module:Political party/G|Political party/G]] *[[Module:Political party/H|Political party/H]] *[[Module:Political party/I|Political party/I]] *[[Module:Political party/J|Political party/J]] *[[Module:Political party/K|Political party/K]] *[[Module:Political party/L|Political party/L]] *[[Module:Political party/M|Political party/M]] *[[Module:Political party/N|Political party/N]] *[[Module:Political party/O|Political party/O]] *[[Module:Political party/P|Political party/P]] *[[Module:Political party/Q|Political party/Q]] *[[Module:Political party/R|Political party/R]] *[[Module:Political party/S|Political party/S]] *[[Module:Political party/T|Political party/T]] *[[Module:Political party/U|Political party/U]] *[[Module:Political party/V|Political party/V]] *[[Module:Political party/W|Political party/W]] *[[Module:Political party/X|Political party/X]] *[[Module:Political party/Y|Political party/Y]] *[[Module:Political party/Z|Political party/Z]] {{div col end}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> p8u25z1xwj7neyuy8uu70tmyqp23f05 10 9902 35480 2026-07-08T16:01:34Z Avimaarak 3578 '<noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude>{{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:BLACK = {{For|the text color template|Template:Black}} | Template:Ya = {{For|the template with a smaller tick and no green background|Template:Aye}} | Template:Maybe = {{For|the yellow tick template|Template:Mby}} | Template:To be announced = {{distinguish|Template:TBD}} | Template:Pending = {{For|the comment templates with small ic...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35480 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude>{{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:BLACK = {{For|the text color template|Template:Black}} | Template:Ya = {{For|the template with a smaller tick and no green background|Template:Aye}} | Template:Maybe = {{For|the yellow tick template|Template:Mby}} | Template:To be announced = {{distinguish|Template:TBD}} | Template:Pending = {{For|the comment templates with small icons|Template:Tobedone|Template:Bug pending|Template:PendingRequest}} | Template:Correct = {{distinguish|Template:Correct title}} }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:High-use|num|x|demo={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|many||{{High-use|demo={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}} The templates in this series, including {{tlxb|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}, are designed to be used in a [[Help:Table|table]] to make a cell with text in that cell, with an appropriately colored background. They are commonly used in [[:Category:Comparisons|comparison tables]]. Most of these templates should not be used simply to produce a background color: use them according to their meaning. For example, {{Tl|yes}} makes a cell with a green background. The text in the cell is taken from the first [[Help:Template#Parameters|parameter]]; <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{yes|Sure}}</syntaxhighlight> would give "Sure" otherwise it defaults to "Yes". Most templates allow editors to override the default text using {{para|1}} or equivalent, some require text to be placed after the template call, and others may need a vertical bar ({{char|{{!}}}}) separating the two: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{table cell template}} text</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{table cell template}} | text</syntaxhighlight>. This information, the colors, and default texts are found in the table below. {{Warnsign|Important:}} If you want to use other attributes for the table cells that do not appear in {{slink|#Code}} below, ''e.g.'' <code>colspan</code>, <code>rowspan</code>, or <code>style</code>, they need to be put before the template call, and there must be '''no vertical bar''' ({{char|{{!}}}}) in-between them, for example: {| class=wikitable align=right style="margin-left:0.6em; margin-top:5px;" !{{Yes}} ||{{No}} ||rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- |colspan=2 style="border:solid 3px Maroon" {{Yes-No}} |} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="width:75%;">... !{{Yes}} ||{{No}} ||rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- |colspan=2 style="border:solid 3px Maroon" {{Yes-No}} ... </syntaxhighlight> == Templates == <div style="overflow:100%;"> {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="width:100%; text-align:left;" |+ Table cell templates ! scope="col" rowspan=2 class=unsortable | Class<ref>The HTML class 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|| {{yes}} || {{tlx|yes|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tlx|yes C}} || {{yes C}} || {{tlx|yes C|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes C|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tlx|yes O}} || {{yes O}} || {{tlx|yes O|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes O|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tlx|yes N}} || {{yes N}} || {{tlx|yes N|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{yes N|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tt|table-maybe}} | {{tlx|maybe}} || {{maybe}} || {{tlx|maybe|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{maybe|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- |rowspan=9| {{tt|table-no}} | {{tlx|no}} || {{no}} || {{tlx|no|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{no|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tlx|no O}} || {{no O}} || {{tlx|no O|<nowiki>customized [[Plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{no O|customized [[Plain text|text]]}} |- | 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{{tlx|varies|differs}}|| {{varies|differs}} |- | {{tlx|non-album single}}<ref>This template is related to {{WikiProject link|Songs}}.</ref> || {{non-album single}} || {{tlx|non-album single|EP}} || {{non-album single|EP}} |- | {{tlx|unreleased}} || {{unreleased}} || {{tlx|unreleased|shelved}} || {{unreleased|shelved}} |- | {{tlx|BLACK}} || {{BLACK}} || {{tlx|BLACK|banned}} || {{BLACK|banned}} |- | {{tlx|sdash}} || {{sdash}} || {{tlx|sdash}}|| {{sdash}} |- | {{tlx|vacant}} || {{vacant}} || {{tlx|vacant|missing}} || {{vacant|missing}} |- |rowspan=2| {{tt|table-unknown}} | {{tlx|unknown}} || {{Unknown}} || {{tlx|unknown|?}} || {{unknown|?}} |- | {{tlx|dunno}} || {{Dunno}} || {{tlx|dunno|not sure}} || {{dunno|not sure}} |- | {{tt|table-included}} | {{tlx|included}} || {{included}} || {{tlx|included|incorporated}} || {{included|incorporated}} |- | {{tt|noresult}} | {{tlx|no result}} || {{no result}} || {{tlx|no result|NR}} || {{no result|NR}} |- | {{tt|table-planned}} | {{tlx|planned}} || 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extension}} |- | {{tlx|nonfree}} || {{nonfree}} || {{tlx|nonfree|paid}} || {{nonfree|paid}} |- | {{tlx|needs}} || {{needs}} || {{tlx|needs|req.}} || {{needs|req.}} |- | {{tt|table-depends}} | {{tlx|depends}} || {{depends}} || {{tlx|depends|vendor-defined}} || {{depends|vendor-defined}} |- |rowspan=2| {{tt|table-dropped}} | {{tlx|dropped}} || {{dropped}} || {{tlx|dropped|discontinued}} || {{dropped|discontinued}} |- | {{tlx|terminated}} || {{terminated}} || {{tlx|terminated|fired}} || {{terminated|fired}} |- | {{tt|incorrect}} | {{tlx|incorrect}} || {{incorrect}} || {{tlx|incorrect|wrong}} || {{incorrect|wrong}} |- | rowspan=8 | {{tt|table-debate}} | {{tlx|D-P}} || {{D-P}} || {{tlx|D-P|present}} || {{D-P|present}} |- | {{tlx|D-A}} || {{D-A}} || {{tlx|D-A|absent}} || {{D-A|absent}} |- | {{tlx|D-I}} || {{D-I}} || {{tlx|D-I|invited}} || {{D-I|invited}} |- | {{tlx|D-O}} || {{D-O}} || {{tlx|D-O|other debate}} || {{D-O|other debate}} |- | {{tlx|D-N}} || {{D-N}} || {{tlx|D-N|not invited}} || {{D-N|not invited}} |- | {{tlx|D-Nv}} || {{D-Nv}} || {{tlx|D-Nv|not voting}} || {{D-Nv|not voting}} |- | {{tlx|D-W}} || {{D-W}} || {{tlx|D-W|withdrawn}} || {{D-W|withdrawn}} |- | {{tlx|D-Out}} || {{D-Out}} || {{tlx|D-Out|out of race}} || {{D-Out|out of race}} |- |rowspan=14| {{tt|table-cast}}<ref>This group of templates is related to {{WikiProject link|Television}}.</ref> | {{tlx|CMain}} || {{CMain}} || {{tlx|CMain|text}} || {{CMain|text}} |- | {{tlx|CAlso starring}} || {{CAlso starring}} || {{tlx|CAlso starring|costar}} || {{CAlso starring|costar}} |- | {{tlx|CRecurring}} || {{CRecurring}} || {{tlx|CRecurring|regular guest}} || {{CRecurring|regular guest}} |- | {{tlx|CGuest}} || {{CGuest}} || {{tlx|CGuest|victim}} || {{CGuest|victim}} |- | {{tlx|COther}} || {{COther}} || {{tlx|COther|ensemble}} || {{COther|ensemble}} |- | {{tlx|CNone}} || {{CNone}} || {{tlx|CNone|cast}} || {{CNone|cast}} |- | {{tlx|CRemoved}} || {{CRemoved}} || {{tlx|CRemoved|edited}} || {{CRemoved|edited}} |- | {{tlx|CFinalist}} || {{CFinalist}} || {{tlx|CFinalist|contender}} || {{CFinalist|contender}} |- | {{tlx|CFinalist|place{{=}}3rd Place}} || {{CFinalist|place=3rd Place}} || {{tlx|CFinalist|place{{=}}third place}} || {{CFinalist|place=third place}} |- | {{tlx|exempt}} || {{exempt}} || {{tlx|exempt|exe}} || {{exempt|exe}} |- | {{tlx|Black Exempt}} || {{Black Exempt}} || {{tlx|Black Exempt|lack}} || {{Black Exempt|lack}} |- | {{tlx|nocontest}} || {{nocontest}} || {{tlx|nocontest|rescheduled}} || {{nocontest|rescheduled}} |- | {{tlx|Runner-up}} || {{Runner-up}} || {{tlx|Runner-up|2nd Place}} || {{Runner-up|2nd Place}} |- | {{tlx|Quit}} || {{Quit}} || {{tlx|Quit|left}} || {{Quit|left}} |- |rowspan=7| {{tt|table-IUCN}}<ref>This group of templates is related to {{WikiProject link|Tree of Life}}.</ref> | {{tlx|IUCN-EX}} || {{IUCN-EX}} || {{tlx|IUCN-EX|Extinct}} || {{IUCN-EX|Extinct}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-CR}} || {{IUCN-CR}} || {{tlx|IUCN-CR|Critically Endangered}} || {{IUCN-CR|Critically Endangered}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-EN}} || {{IUCN-EN}} || {{tlx|IUCN-EN|Endangered}} || {{IUCN-EN|Endangered}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-VU}} || {{IUCN-VU}} || {{tlx|IUCN-VU|Vulnerable}} || {{IUCN-VU|Vulnerable}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-NT}} || {{IUCN-NT}} || {{tlx|IUCN-NT|Near-Threatened}} || {{IUCN-NT|Near-Threatened}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-LC}} || {{IUCN-LC}} || {{tlx|IUCN-LC|Least Concern}} || {{IUCN-LC|Least Concern}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-DD}} || {{IUCN-DD}} || {{tlx|IUCN-DD|Data Deficient}} || {{IUCN-DD|Data Deficient}} |- |rowspan=9| ''no class'' | {{tlx|not yet}} || {{not yet}} || {{tlx|not yet|<nowiki>NY with [[link text]]</nowiki>}} || {{not yet|NY with [[link text]]}} |- | {{tlx|optional}} || {{optional}} || {{tlx|optional|non-mandatory}} || {{optional|non-mandatory}} |- | {{tlx|shade|100}}% || {{shade|100}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|100}}% || {{shade|color=blue|100}}% |- | {{tlx|shade|75}}% || {{shade|75}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|75|73–78}}% || {{shade|color=blue|75|73–78}}% |- | {{tlx|shade|25}}% || {{shade|25}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|25|<nowiki>{{val|25|2|u=%}}</nowiki>}} || {{shade|color=blue|25|{{val|25|2|u=%}}}} |- | {{tlx|shade|0}}% || {{shade|0}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|0}}% || {{shade|color=blue|0}}% |- | {{tlx|CellCategory|1}} || {{CellCategory|1}} || {{tlx|CellCategory|1|Group A}} || {{CellCategory|1|Group A}} |- | {{tlx|CellCategory|2}} || {{CellCategory|2}} || {{tlx|CellCategory|2|Group B|align{{=}}tc}} || {{CellCategory|2|Group B|align=tc}} |- | {{tlx|CellCategory|3}} || {{CellCategory|3}} || {{tlx|CellCategory|3|Group C|align{{=}}tr}} || {{CellCategory|3|Group C|align=tr}} |}</div> {{notelist}} == Code == Common code to most if not all the templates in this series: :<code>{{Table cell templates|class=''automatic''|text=''text''|bg=#''abcdef''}}</code> <includeonly>Code specific to this template: :<code>{{ {{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc={{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|-1}}|#default={{FULLPAGENAME}}}} }}</code>{{#if:{{{doc|}}}|<!-- force newline after nowiki tags --><nowiki></nowiki> {{{doc}}}|<!-- no newline if there is no additional documentation -->}}</includeonly> == Creating new templates == To make a new table cell template you can use: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{subst:Table cell templates|text= default text |bg= background color |class= a class name without prefix |align= standard horizontal alignment}}</syntaxhighlight> You should leave out the <code>align</code> parameter and often the <code>class</code> parameter is unnecessary, too. Add the new template to the table in the [[Template:Table cell templates/doc|common documentation]] afterwards. Please consider reusing one of the other templates and please choose the color sensibly. If you find a table cell template that does not take a parameter and you want to be able to change the text in the cell, ''do not'' duplicate the template! Instead, edit the template and change the text to a default parameter substitution. For example, if a template's text is <code>Dropped</code>, change that to <code><nowiki>{{{1|Dropped}}}</nowiki></code>. :<syntaxhighlight lang=text inline>style="background: #abcdef; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: {{{align|center}}}; {{{style|}}}" class="automatic table-automatic"| {{{1|text}}}</syntaxhighlight> == Choosing a color == When changing or creating a new template, follow the [[HELP:COLOR|use of colour guidelines]] and the [[MOS:COLOR|color accessibility guidelines]] when choosing the background color and, sometimes, the text color. Many of these templates can be used with links to other articles or references, so the links should be clearly identifiable against the background color. You can check contrast level using the [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ WebAIM contrast checker] by setting the foreground color to the [[WP:LINKCOLOR|blue link]] color. Contrast should be at the minimum WCAG AA level and, whenever possible, at WCAG AAA level. [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Colors]] has a set of colors that comply with WCAG AAA and WCAG AA for unvisited links and normal text. == Color subpage == All templates should either have a <code>/bgcolor</code> subpage that contains nothing but a valid CSS color code, possibly wrapped in ''nowiki'' tags, e.g. <code><nowiki>#BFD</nowiki></code>, which can be included with <code><nowiki>background: {{/bgcolor}};</nowiki></code> in the <code>style</code> attribute, or they should reference another template's subpage, e.g. <code><nowiki>background: {{Template:Yes2/bgcolor}};</nowiki></code>. Alternatively, the <code>/bgcolor</code> subpage may redirect to another color code subpage: <code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[yes2/bgcolor]]</nowiki></code>. This way, pages that are using these templates may also use {{tl|legend}} and similar templates which can reference the actual color: <code><nowiki>{{legend|{{yes2/bgcolor}}|supported}}</nowiki></code> == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{templatedata|<templatedata> { "description": "One of several templates for styling individual table cells with standard contents and colors.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "text", "description": "text to be displayed instead of the default; if this doesn't work put the text after the template, possibly with a vertical bar | in between", "type": "content", "default": "(template dependent)", "required": false, "suggested": false }, "align": { "label": "horizontal align", "description": "text alignment inside the cell, either 'left', 'right', 'center' or 'justified'", "default": "center", "inherits": "1", "type": "string", "suggested": false, "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "justified" ] }, "style": { "label": "style", "description": "a semicolon-separated list of additional CSS rules to be applied to the table cell", "inherits": "1", "type": "string", "suggested": false }, "color": { "label": "background color", "description": "a valid CSS color value or name to override the standard cell background, only available with some templates", "inherits": "1", "type": "line", "suggested": false } } } </templatedata>}}} == See also == * {{tl|Change}} – calculates, displays and color-codes changes between two values * {{tl|Cell color}} – shaded cell based on value in a range with automatic text visibility * {{tl|BSD-lic}} – specialized redirect for {{tlf|free}} * {{tl|GPL-lic}} – specialized redirect for {{tlf|free}} * {{tl|LGPL-lic}} – specialized redirect for {{tlf|free}} * {{tl|Active}} / {{tl|No result}} / {{tl|Eliminated}} for {{C|Comparisons|comparison tables}} == Notes == {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc=|#default= <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Unified table cell templates]] }}}}</includeonly> g04d6mq9eb3occ899w76re17qg5scoh 35483 35480 2026-07-08T16:41:58Z Avimaarak 3578 35483 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude>{{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:BLACK = {{For|the text color template|Template:Black}} | Template:Ya = {{For|the template with a smaller tick and no green background|Template:Aye}} | Template:Maybe = {{For|the yellow tick template|Template:Mby}} | Template:To be announced = {{distinguish|Template:TBD}} | Template:Pending = {{For|the comment templates with small icons|Template:Tobedone|Template:Bug pending|Template:PendingRequest}} | Template:Correct = {{distinguish|Template:Correct title}} }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:High-use|num|x|demo={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|many||{{High-use|demo={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}} ई श्रृंखला कय साँचा, जवने म {{tlxb|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} सामिल बा, ओन्है एकठु [[Help:Table|टेबल]] कय सेल (खाना) म पाठ औ ओकरे साथे उचित रंग कय पृष्ठभूमि बनावै कय ताईं डिज़ाइन कीन गा बाटे। इनकर इस्तमाल आमतौर पय [[:Category:Comparisons|तुलनात्मक टेबल]] म कीन जाला। इनमा से जादातर सांचन कय उपयोग खाली पृष्ठभूमि कय रंग देवय कय ताईं नाहीं करै कय चाही: इनकर उपयोग इनकय मतलब कय अनुसार करैं। उदाहरण कय ताईं, {{Tl|yes}} हरियर पृष्ठभूमि वाला एकठु सेल बनावत है। सेल कय पाठ पहिला [[Help:Template#Parameters|पैरामीटर]] से लीन जाला; <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{yes|हाँ}}</syntaxhighlight> "हाँ" देई, नाहीं त इ डिफ़ॉल्ट रूप से "Yes" रहत है। जादातर साँचा संपादकन कय {{para|1}} या ओकरे जइसन उपयोग कइके डिफ़ॉल्ट पाठ कय बदलै कय अनुमति देत हैं, कुछ म साँचा कॉल कय बाद पाठ रखै कय जरूरत होत है, औ दुसरन म दुन्नो कय अलग करै कय ताईं एकठु वर्टिकल बार ({{char|{{!}}}}) कय जरूरत होइ सकत है: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{table cell template}} पाठ</syntaxhighlight> या <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{table cell template}} | पाठ</syntaxhighlight>। ई जानकारी, रंग, औ डिफ़ॉल्ट पाठ नीचे कय टेबल म दीन गा बाटे। {{Warnsign|जरूरी:}} अगर आप टेबल सेल कय ताईं अउर विशेषता इस्तेमाल करै चाहत अहा जौन नीचे {{slink|#Code}} म नाहीं देखात है, ''जइसे'' <code>colspan</code>, <code>rowspan</code>, या <code>style</code>, त ओनका साँचा कॉल से पहिले रखै कय जरूरत बा, औ ओनके बीच म '''कौनो वर्टिकल बार (vertical bar) नाहीं''' ({{char|{{!}}}}) होवय कय चाही, उदाहरण कय ताईं: {| class=wikitable align=right style="margin-left:0.6em; margin-top:5px;" !{{Yes}} ||{{No}} ||rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- |colspan=2 style="border:solid 3px Maroon" {{Yes-No}} |} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="width:75%;">... !{{Yes}} ||{{No}} ||rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- |colspan=2 style="border:solid 3px Maroon" {{Yes-No}} ... </syntaxhighlight> == साँचा == <div style="overflow:100%;"> {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="width:100%; text-align:left;" |+ टेबल सेल साँचा ! scope="col" rowspan=2 class=unsortable | वर्ग (Class)<ref>टेबल सेल सांचन कय HTML वर्ग (class) कय रूप बदलै कय ताईं [[m:help:User style|उपयोगकर्ता स्टाइलशीट (user stylesheet)]] म संदर्भित कीन जाइ सकत है।</ref> ! scope="colgroup" colspan=2 class=unsortable | डिफ़ॉल्ट ! scope="colgroup" colspan=2 class=unsortable | कस्टम |- ! scope="col" class=unsortable | सिंटैक्स ! scope="col" class=unsortable | पूर्वावलोकन ! scope="col" class=unsortable | सिंटैक्स ! scope="col" class=unsortable | पूर्वावलोकन |- |rowspan=2| {{tt|table-rh}} | {{tlx|rh}} {{tt|{{!}} पंक्ति कय हेडर}}<ref name="table-cell-templates-table-after+pipe" /> || {{rh}} | पंक्ति कय हेडर || {{tlx|rh|2=align=right}} {{mono|{{!}} पंक्ति कय हेडर}} || {{rh|align=right}} | पंक्ति कय हेडर |- | {{tlx|rh2}} {{tt|{{!}} पंक्ति कय हेडर}}<ref name="table-cell-templates-table-after+pipe">ई कउनो पैरामीटर नाहीं लेत है; सामग्री कय साँचा कॉल कय बाद, पाइप (|) वर्ण से अलग कइके रखै कय चाही।</ref> || {{rh2}} | पंक्ति कय हेडर || {{tlx|rh2|2=align=center}} {{mono|{{!}} पंक्ति कय हेडर}} || {{rh2|align=center}} | पंक्ति कय हेडर |- |rowspan=4| {{tt|table-yes}} | {{tlx|yes}} || {{yes}} || {{tlx|yes|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tlx|yes C}} || {{yes C}} || {{tlx|yes C|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes C|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tlx|yes O}} || {{yes O}} || {{tlx|yes O|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes O|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tlx|yes N}} || {{yes N}} || {{tlx|yes N|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} || {{yes N|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tt|table-maybe}} | {{tlx|maybe}} || {{maybe}} || {{tlx|maybe|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} ||{{maybe|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- |rowspan=9| {{tt|table-no}} | {{tlx|no}} || {{no}} || {{tlx|no|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} || {{no|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tlx|no O}} || {{no O}} || {{tlx|no O|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} || {{no O|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tlx|no X}} || {{no X}} || {{tlx|no X|<nowiki>कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} || {{no X|कस्टम [[Plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tlx|eliminated}} || {{eliminated}} || {{tlx|eliminated|बाहर होइ गय}} || {{eliminated|बाहर होइ गय}} |- | {{tlx|lost}} || {{lost}} || {{tlx|lost|गायब}} || {{lost|गायब}} |- | {{tlx|active fire}}<ref>ई साँचा {{WikiProject link|Wildfire}} से जुड़ल बाटे।</ref> || {{active fire}} ||{{tlx|active fire|12%}}||{{active fire|12%}} |- | {{tlx|member inactive}} || {{member inactive}} || {{tlx|member inactive}} (पिछला सक्रिय 2017) || {{member inactive}} (पिछला सक्रिय 2017) |- | {{tlx|safe}} || {{safe}} || {{tlx|safe|सुरक्षित}} || {{safe|सुरक्षित}} |- | {{tlx|no Y}} || {{no Y}} || {{tlx|no Y|<nowiki>कस्टम [[plain text|पाठ]]</nowiki>}} ||{{no Y|कस्टम [[plain text|पाठ]]}} |- | {{tt|table-active}} | {{tlx|active}} || {{active}} || {{tlx|active|लाइव}} || {{active|लाइव}} |- |rowspan=2| {{tt|table-siteactive}} | {{tlx|site active}} || {{site active}} || {{tlx|site active|चालू}} || {{site active|चालू}} |- | {{tlx|coming soon}} || {{coming soon}} || {{tlx|coming soon|साल कय दूसर छमाही}} || {{coming soon|साल कय दूसर छमाही}} |- | {{tt|table-siteinactive}} | {{tlx|site inactive}} || {{site inactive}} || {{tlx|site inactive|बंद}} || {{site inactive|बंद}} |- | rowspan=2 |{{tt|table-success}} | {{tlx|success}} || {{success}} || {{tlx|success|मिशन पूरा}} || {{success|मिशन पूरा}} |- | {{tlx|operational}} || {{operational}} || {{tlx|operational|डेटा वापस आवत बा}} || {{operational|डेटा वापस आवत बा}} |- | {{tt|table-failure}} | {{tlx|failure}} || {{failure}} || {{tlx|failure|गलत कक्षा}} || {{failure|गलत कक्षा}} |- |rowspan=12| {{tt|table-yes2}} | {{tlx|yes2}} || {{yes2}} || {{tlx|yes2|पाठ}} || {{yes2|पाठ}} |- | {{tlx|good}} || {{good}} || {{tlx|good|A}} || {{good|A}} |- | {{tlx|ya}} || {{ya}} || {{tlx|ya|text{{=}}ya}} || {{ya|text=ya}} |- | {{tlx|ya|Ya}} || {{ya|Ya}} || {{tlx|ya|text|link{{=}}WP:ALT}} || {{ya|text|link=WP:ALT}} |- | {{tlx|yan}} || {{yan}} || {{tlx|yan|text{{=}}ya}} || {{yan|text=ya}} |- | {{tlx|won}} || {{won}} || {{tlx|won|text{{=}}white|color{{=}}darkblue|विजेता}} || {{won|text=white|color=darkblue|विजेता}} |- | {{tlx|won|place{{=}}1}} || {{won|place=1}} || {{tlx|won|place{{=}}सोना}} || {{won|place=सोना}} |- | {{tlx|won|place{{=}}2}} || {{won|place=2}} || {{tlx|won|place{{=}}चांदी}} || {{won|place=चांदी}} |- | {{tlx|won|place{{=}}3}} || {{won|place=3}} || {{tlx|won|place{{=}}कांस्य}} || {{won|place=कांस्य}} |- | {{tlx|WinDL}} || {{WinDL}} || {{tlx|WinDL|जीत}} || {{WinDL|जीत}} |- | {{tlx|WinDL|res{{=}}D}} || {{WinDL|res=D}} || {{tlx|WinDL|res{{=}}ड्रा}} || {{WinDL|res=ड्रा}} |- | {{tlx|WinDL|res{{=}}L}} || {{WinDL|res=L}} || {{tlx|WinDL|res{{=}}हार}} || {{WinDL|res=हार}} |- |rowspan=9| {{tt|table-no2}} | {{tlx|no2}} || {{no2}} || {{tlx|no2|पाठ}} || {{no2|पाठ}} |- | {{tlx|na}} || {{na}} || {{tlx|na|text{{=}}na}} || {{na|text=na}} |- | {{tlx|na|Na}} || {{na|Na}} || {{tlx|na|text|link{{=}}WP:ALT}} || {{na|text|link=WP:ALT}} |- | {{tlx|nan}} || {{nan}} || {{tlx|nan|text{{=}}na}} || {{nan|text=na}} |- | {{tlx|nom}} || {{nom}} || {{tlx|nom|5}} || {{nom|5}} |- | {{tlx|notnom}} || {{notnom}} || | {{tlx|notnom|नाहीं चुना गय}} || {{notnom|नाहीं चुना गय}} |- | {{tlx|shortlisted}} || {{shortlisted}} || {{tlx|shortlisted|प्रस्तावित}} || {{shortlisted|प्रस्तावित}} |- | {{tlx|longlisted}} || {{longlisted}} || {{tlx|longlisted|अस्वीकृत}} || {{longlisted|अस्वीकृत}} |- | {{tlx|TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{tlx|TBA|घोषणा होवय कय बा}} || {{TBA|घोषणा होवय कय बा}} |- | rowspan=16| {{tt|table-partial}} | {{tlx|partial}} || {{partial}} || {{tlx|partial|लगभग पूरा}} ||{{partial|लगभग पूरा}} |- | {{tlx|Regional}} || {{Regional}} || {{tlx|Regional|Uyghur}} || {{Regional|Uyghur}} |- | {{tlx|MaybeCheck}} || {{MaybeCheck}} || {{tlx|MaybeCheck|text{{=}}शायद}} || {{MaybeCheck|text=शायद}} |- | {{tlx|MaybeCheck|शायद}} || {{MaybeCheck|शायद}} || {{tlx|MaybeCheck|text|link{{=}}WP:ALT}} || {{MaybeCheck|text|link=WP:ALT}} |- | {{tlx|partial success}} || {{partial success}} || {{tlx|partial success|<br />कक्षा म पहुँच गय औ तस्वीर वापस भेजिस}} || {{partial success|कक्षा म पहुँच गय औ तस्वीर वापस भेजिस}} |- | {{tlx|partial failure}} || {{partial failure}} || {{tlx|partial failure|<nowiki>[[</nowiki>Cubesat]] तैनात नाहीं कीन गय}} || {{partial failure|[[Cubesat]] तैनात नाहीं कीन गय}} |- | {{tlx|okay}} || {{okay}} || {{tlx|okay|C}} || {{okay|C}} |- | {{tlx|Yes-No}} || {{Yes-No}} || {{tlx|Yes-No|अगर-मगर कय साथे}} || {{Yes-No|अगर-मगर कय साथे}} |- | {{tlx|some}} || {{some}} || {{tlx|some|कइयु}} || {{some|कइयु}} |- | {{tlx|pending}} || {{pending}} || {{tlx|pending|प्रतीक्षा म}} || {{pending|प्रतीक्षा म}} |- | {{tlx|sometimes}} || {{sometimes}} || {{tlx|sometimes|कभौं-कभौं}} || {{sometimes|कभौं-कभौं}} |- | {{tlx|rarely}} || {{rarely}} || {{tlx|rarely|शायद ही कभौं}}|| {{rarely|शायद ही कभौं}} |- | {{tlx|usually}} || {{usually}} || {{tlx|usually|आमतौर पय}} || {{usually|आमतौर पय}} |- | {{tlx|unofficial}} || {{unofficial}} || {{tlx|unofficial|<nowiki>''de facto''</nowiki>}} || {{unofficial|''de facto''}} |- | {{tlx|unofficial2}} || {{unofficial2}} || {{tlx|unofficial2|<nowiki>''de facto''</nowiki>}} || {{unofficial2|''de facto''}} |- | {{tlx|nonpartisan}} || {{nonpartisan}} || {{tlx|nonpartisan|निष्पक्ष}} || {{nonpartisan|निष्पक्ष}} |- | {{tt|table-any}} | {{tlx|any}} || {{any}} || {{tlx|any|कउनो}}|| {{any|कउनो}} |- | {{tt|table-automatic}} | {{tlx|perhaps}} || {{perhaps}} || {{tlx|perhaps|शायद}} || {{perhaps|शायद}} |- | {{tt|table-draw}} | {{tlx|draw}} || {{draw}} || {{tlx|draw|1:1}} || {{draw|1:1}} |- | {{tt|table-noAttempt}} | {{tlx|No attempt}} || {{No attempt}} || {{tlx|No attempt|उतरै कय कउनो कोसिस नाहीं}} || {{No attempt|उतरै कय कउनो कोसिस नाहीं}} |- |rowspan=7| {{tt|table-na}} | {{tlx|n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{tlx|n/a|उपलब्ध नाहीं}}|| {{n/a|उपलब्ध नाहीं}} |- | {{tlx|varies}} || {{varies}} || {{tlx|varies|अलग बा}}|| {{varies|अलग बा}} |- | {{tlx|non-album single}}<ref>ई साँचा {{WikiProject link|Songs}} से जुड़ल बाटे।</ref> || {{non-album single}} || {{tlx|non-album single|EP}} || {{non-album single|EP}} |- | {{tlx|unreleased}} || {{unreleased}} || {{tlx|unreleased|स्थगित}} || {{unreleased|स्थगित}} |- | {{tlx|BLACK}} || {{BLACK}} || {{tlx|BLACK|प्रतिबंधित}} || {{BLACK|प्रतिबंधित}} |- | {{tlx|sdash}} || {{sdash}} || {{tlx|sdash}}|| {{sdash}} |- | {{tlx|vacant}} || {{vacant}} || {{tlx|vacant|गायब}} || {{vacant|गायब}} |- |rowspan=2| {{tt|table-unknown}} | {{tlx|unknown}} || {{Unknown}} || {{tlx|unknown|?}} || {{unknown|?}} |- | {{tlx|dunno}} || {{Dunno}} || {{tlx|dunno|पक्का नाहीं}} || {{dunno|पक्का नाहीं}} |- | {{tt|table-included}} | {{tlx|included}} || {{included}} || {{tlx|included|सामिल}} || {{included|सामिल}} |- | {{tt|noresult}} | {{tlx|no result}} || {{no result}} || {{tlx|no result|NR}} || {{no result|NR}} |- | {{tt|table-planned}} | {{tlx|planned}} || {{planned}} || {{tlx|planned|जुलाई 2028}} || {{planned|जुलाई 2028}} |- | {{tt|table-scheduled}} | {{tlx|scheduled}} || {{scheduled}} || {{tlx|scheduled|3 मार्च 2027}} || {{scheduled|3 मार्च 2027}} |- |rowspan=9| {{tt|table-software}}<ref>सांचन कय ई समूह {{WikiProject link|Software}} से जुड़ल बाटे।</ref> | {{tlx|beta}} || {{beta}} || {{tlx|beta|पूर्वावलोकन}} || {{beta|पूर्वावलोकन}} |- | {{tlx|table-experimental}} || {{table-experimental}} || {{tlx|table-experimental|प्रयोगशाला}} || {{table-experimental|प्रयोगशाला}} |- | {{tlx|nightly}} || {{nightly}} || {{tlx|nightly|dev}} || {{nightly|dev}} |- | {{tlx|release-candidate}} || {{release-candidate}} || {{tlx|release-candidate|RC}} || {{release-candidate|RC}} |- | {{tlx|open source}} || {{open source}} || {{tlx|open source|मुक्त सॉफ्टवेयर}} || {{open source|मुक्त सॉफ्टवेयर}} |- | {{tlx|free}} || {{free}} || {{tlx|free|खाली}} || {{free|खाली}} |- | {{tlx|proprietary}} || {{proprietary}} || {{tlx|proprietary|कस्टम एक्सटेंशन}} || {{proprietary|कस्टम एक्सटेंशन}} |- | {{tlx|nonfree}} || {{nonfree}} || {{tlx|nonfree|भुगतान कीन}} || {{nonfree|भुगतान कीन}} |- | {{tlx|needs}} || {{needs}} || {{tlx|needs|req.}} || {{needs|req.}} |- | {{tt|table-depends}} | {{tlx|depends}} || {{depends}} || {{tlx|depends|विक्रेता-परिभाषित}} || {{depends|विक्रेता-परिभाषित}} |- |rowspan=2| {{tt|table-dropped}} | {{tlx|dropped}} || {{dropped}} || {{tlx|dropped|बंद कइ दीन गय}} || {{dropped|बंद कइ दीन गय}} |- | {{tlx|terminated}} || {{terminated}} || {{tlx|terminated|निकाल दीन गय}} || {{terminated|निकाल दीन गय}} |- | {{tt|incorrect}} | {{tlx|incorrect}} || {{incorrect}} || {{tlx|incorrect|गलत}} || {{incorrect|गलत}} |- | rowspan=8 | {{tt|table-debate}} | {{tlx|D-P}} || {{D-P}} || {{tlx|D-P|उपस्थित}} || {{D-P|उपस्थित}} |- | {{tlx|D-A}} || {{D-A}} || {{tlx|D-A|अनुपस्थित}} || {{D-A|अनुपस्थित}} |- | {{tlx|D-I}} || {{D-I}} || {{tlx|D-I|आमंत्रित}} || {{D-I|आमंत्रित}} |- | {{tlx|D-O}} || {{D-O}} || {{tlx|D-O|अउर बहस}} || {{D-O|अउर बहस}} |- | {{tlx|D-N}} || {{D-N}} || {{tlx|D-N|आमंत्रित नाहीं}} || {{D-N|आमंत्रित नाहीं}} |- | {{tlx|D-Nv}} || {{D-Nv}} || {{tlx|D-Nv|वोट नाहीं}} || {{D-Nv|वोट नाहीं}} |- | {{tlx|D-W}} || {{D-W}} || {{tlx|D-W|वापस लीन गय}} || {{D-W|वापस लीन गय}} |- | {{tlx|D-Out}} || {{D-Out}} || {{tlx|D-Out|रेस से बाहर}} || {{D-Out|रेस से बाहर}} |- |rowspan=14| {{tt|table-cast}}<ref>सांचन कय ई समूह {{WikiProject link|Television}} से जुड़ल बाटे।</ref> | {{tlx|CMain}} || {{CMain}} || {{tlx|CMain|पाठ}} || {{CMain|पाठ}} |- | {{tlx|CAlso starring}} || {{CAlso starring}} || {{tlx|CAlso starring|सह-कलाकार}} || {{CAlso starring|सह-कलाकार}} |- | {{tlx|CRecurring}} || {{CRecurring}} || {{tlx|CRecurring|नियमित अतिथि}} || {{CRecurring|नियमित अतिथि}} |- | {{tlx|CGuest}} || {{CGuest}} || {{tlx|CGuest|पीड़ित}} || {{CGuest|पीड़ित}} |- | {{tlx|COther}} || {{COther}} || {{tlx|COther|समूह}} || {{COther|समूह}} |- | {{tlx|CNone}} || {{CNone}} || {{tlx|CNone|कलाकार}} || {{CNone|कलाकार}} |- | {{tlx|CRemoved}} || {{CRemoved}} || {{tlx|CRemoved|संपादित}} || {{CRemoved|संपादित}} |- | {{tlx|CFinalist}} || {{CFinalist}} || {{tlx|CFinalist|दावेदार}} || {{CFinalist|दावेदार}} |- | {{tlx|CFinalist|place{{=}}3rd Place}} || {{CFinalist|place=3rd Place}} || {{tlx|CFinalist|place{{=}}तीसर स्थान}} || {{CFinalist|place=तीसर स्थान}} |- | {{tlx|exempt}} || {{exempt}} || {{tlx|exempt|exe}} || {{exempt|exe}} |- | {{tlx|Black Exempt}} || {{Black Exempt}} || {{tlx|Black Exempt|lack}} || {{Black Exempt|lack}} |- | {{tlx|nocontest}} || {{nocontest}} || {{tlx|nocontest|पुनर्निर्धारित}} || {{nocontest|पुनर्निर्धारित}} |- | {{tlx|Runner-up}} || {{Runner-up}} || {{tlx|Runner-up|दूसर स्थान}} || {{Runner-up|दूसर स्थान}} |- | {{tlx|Quit}} || {{Quit}} || {{tlx|Quit|छोड़ दिहिन}} || {{Quit|छोड़ दिहिन}} |- |rowspan=7| {{tt|table-IUCN}}<ref>सांचन कय ई समूह {{WikiProject link|Tree of Life}} से जुड़ल बाटे।</ref> | {{tlx|IUCN-EX}} || {{IUCN-EX}} || {{tlx|IUCN-EX|विलुप्त}} || {{IUCN-EX|विलुप्त}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-CR}} || {{IUCN-CR}} || {{tlx|IUCN-CR|गंभीर रूप से लुप्तप्राय}} || {{IUCN-CR|गंभीर रूप से लुप्तप्राय}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-EN}} || {{IUCN-EN}} || {{tlx|IUCN-EN|लुप्तप्राय}} || {{IUCN-EN|लुप्तप्राय}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-VU}} || {{IUCN-VU}} || {{tlx|IUCN-VU|असुरक्षित}} || {{IUCN-VU|असुरक्षित}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-NT}} || {{IUCN-NT}} || {{tlx|IUCN-NT|खतरा कय नगीचे}} || {{IUCN-NT|खतरा कय नगीचे}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-LC}} || {{IUCN-LC}} || {{tlx|IUCN-LC|सबसे कम चिंता}} || {{IUCN-LC|सबसे कम चिंता}} |- | {{tlx|IUCN-DD}} || {{IUCN-DD}} || {{tlx|IUCN-DD|डेटा कय कमी}} || {{IUCN-DD|डेटा कय कमी}} |- |rowspan=9| ''no class'' | {{tlx|not yet}} || {{not yet}} || {{tlx|not yet|<nowiki>NY [[link text|लिंक पाठ]] कय साथे</nowiki>}} || {{not yet|NY [[link text|लिंक पाठ]] कय साथे}} |- | {{tlx|optional}} || {{optional}} || {{tlx|optional|गैर-अनिवार्य}} || {{optional|गैर-अनिवार्य}} |- | {{tlx|shade|100}}% || {{shade|100}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|100}}% || {{shade|color=blue|100}}% |- | {{tlx|shade|75}}% || {{shade|75}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|75|73–78}}% || {{shade|color=blue|75|73–78}}% |- | {{tlx|shade|25}}% || {{shade|25}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|25|<nowiki>{{val|25|2|u=%}}</nowiki>}} || {{shade|color=blue|25|{{val|25|2|u=%}}}} |- | {{tlx|shade|0}}% || {{shade|0}}% || {{tlx|shade|color{{=}}blue|0}}% || {{shade|color=blue|0}}% |- | {{tlx|CellCategory|1}} || {{CellCategory|1}} || {{tlx|CellCategory|1|समूह A}} || {{CellCategory|1|समूह A}} |- | {{tlx|CellCategory|2}} || {{CellCategory|2}} || {{tlx|CellCategory|2|समूह B|align{{=}}tc}} || {{CellCategory|2|समूह B|align=tc}} |- | {{tlx|CellCategory|3}} || {{CellCategory|3}} || {{tlx|CellCategory|3|समूह C|align{{=}}tr}} || {{CellCategory|3|समूह C|align=tr}} |}</div> {{notelist}} == कोड == ई श्रृंखला कय जादातर, अगर कुल नाहीं त, सांचन कय ताईं सामान्य कोड: :<code>{{Table cell templates|class=''automatic''|text=''पाठ''|bg=#''abcdef''}}</code> <includeonly>ई साँचा कय ताईं विशिष्ट कोड: :<code>{{ {{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc={{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|-1}}|#default={{FULLPAGENAME}}}} }}</code>{{#if:{{{doc|}}}|<!-- force newline after nowiki tags --><nowiki></nowiki> {{{doc}}}|<!-- no newline if there is no additional documentation -->}}</includeonly> == नवा साँचा बनावल == नवा टेबल सेल साँचा बनावै कय ताईं आप इस्तमाल कइ सकत अहा: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline=yes>{{subst:Table cell templates|text= डिफ़ॉल्ट पाठ |bg= पृष्ठभूमि कय रंग |class= बिना उपसर्ग कय एकठु क्लास कय नाम |align= मानक क्षैतिज अलाइनमेंट}}</syntaxhighlight> आप <code>align</code> पैरामीटर कय छोड़ सकत अहा औ अक्सर <code>class</code> पैरामीटर कय भी कउनो जरूरत नाहीं होत है। ओकरे बाद नवा साँचा कय [[Template:Table cell templates/doc|सामान्य प्रलेखन (documentation)]] कय टेबल म जोड़ देईं। कृपया कउनो अउर साँचा कय फिर से इस्तमाल करै पय बिचार करैं औ रंग सोच-समझ के चुनैं। अगर आप कय कउनो अइसन टेबल सेल साँचा मिलत है जौन कउनो पैरामीटर नाहीं लेत है औ आप सेल कय पाठ कय बदलै चाहत अहा, त साँचा कय डुप्लिकेट ''ना बनावैं''! ओकरे बजाय, साँचा कय संपादित करैं औ पाठ कय डिफ़ॉल्ट पैरामीटर प्रतिस्थापन म बदल देईं। उदाहरण कय ताईं, अगर कउनो साँचा कय पाठ <code>Dropped</code> बाटे, त ओका <code><nowiki>{{{1|Dropped}}}</nowiki></code> म बदल देईं। :<syntaxhighlight lang=text inline>style="background: #abcdef; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: {{{align|center}}}; {{{style|}}}" class="automatic table-automatic"| {{{1|पाठ}}}</syntaxhighlight> == रंग कय चुनाव == कउनो नवा साँचा बनावत या बदलत समय, पृष्ठभूमि कय रंग औ, कभौं-कभौं, पाठ कय रंग चुनत समय [[HELP:COLOR|रंग कय उपयोग कय दिशानिर्देश]] औ [[MOS:COLOR|रंग पहुँच (accessibility) दिशानिर्देश]] कय पालन करैं। इनमा से कइयु साँचा कय उपयोग अउर लेख या संदर्भ कय लिंक कय साथे कीन जाइ सकत है, यह बरे लिंक पृष्ठभूमि कय रंग कय खिलाफ साफ-साफ पहचाने लायक होवय कय चाही। आप अग्रभूमि (foreground) कय रंग कय [[WP:LINKCOLOR|नीला लिंक]] रंग पय सेट कइके [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ WebAIM कंट्रास्ट चेकर] कय उपयोग कइके कंट्रास्ट स्तर कय जांच कइ सकत अहा। कंट्रास्ट कम से कम WCAG AA स्तर पय होवय कय चाही औ, जब संभव होय, WCAG AAA स्तर पय। [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Colors]] म रंगन कय एक सेट बा जौन बिना देखल लिंक औ सामान्य पाठ कय ताईं WCAG AAA औ WCAG AA कय अनुपालन करत है। == रंग उपपृष्ठ == कुल सांचन म या त एकठु <code>/bgcolor</code> उपपृष्ठ होवय कय चाही जवने म एकठु मान्य CSS रंग कोड कय अलावा कुछ ना होय, शायद ''nowiki'' टैग म लपेटल होय, जइसे <code><nowiki>#BFD</nowiki></code>, जवने कय <code>style</code> विशेषता म <code><nowiki>background: {{/bgcolor}};</nowiki></code> कय साथे सामिल कीन जाइ सकत है, या ओनका कउनो दूसर साँचा कय उपपृष्ठ कय संदर्भित करै कय चाही, जइसे <code><nowiki>background: {{Template:Yes2/bgcolor}};</nowiki></code>। एकरे अलावा, <code>/bgcolor</code> उपपृष्ठ कउनो दूसर रंग कोड उपपृष्ठ पय अनुप्रेषित (redirect) होइ सकत है: <code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[yes2/bgcolor]]</nowiki></code>। ई तरीका से, जौन पन्ना इन सांचन कय उपयोग करत हैं, उ {{tl|legend}} औ अइसने सांचन कय भी उपयोग कइ सकत हैं जौन असली रंग कय संदर्भित कइ सकत हैं: <code><nowiki>{{legend|{{yes2/bgcolor}}|supported}}</nowiki></code> == टेम्पलेटडेटा == {{TemplateData header|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{templatedata|<templatedata> { "description": "विभिन्न टेबल सेल कय मानक सामग्री औ रंगन कय साथे स्टाइल करै कय ताईं सांचन म से एक।", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "पाठ", "description": "डिफ़ॉल्ट कय बजाये देखावा जाय वाला पाठ; अगर ई काम नाहीं करत है त पाठ कय साँचा कय बाद रखैं, होइ सकत बा बीचे म एकठु वर्टिकल बार | कय साथे", "type": "content", "default": "(साँचा पय निर्भर)", "required": false, "suggested": false }, "align": { "label": "क्षैतिज अलाइनमेंट (horizontal align)", "description": "सेल कय भीतर पाठ कय अलाइनमेंट, 'left', 'right', 'center' या 'justified'", "default": "center", "inherits": "1", "type": "string", "suggested": false, "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "justified" ] }, "style": { "label": "स्टाइल (style)", "description": "टेबल सेल पय लागू करै कय ताईं अतिरिक्त CSS नियमन कय सेमीकोलन से अलग सूची", "inherits": "1", "type": "string", "suggested": false }, "color": { "label": "पृष्ठभूमि कय रंग (background color)", "description": "मानक सेल पृष्ठभूमि का ओवरराइड करै के ताईं एकठु मान्य CSS रंग मान या नाम, खाली कुछ सांचन कय साथे उपलब्ध है", "inherits": "1", "type": "line", "suggested": false } } } </templatedata>}}} == इहौ देखैं == * {{tl|Change}} – दुई मान के बीच बदलाव के गणना करत है, देखावत है औ रंग-कोड करत है * {{tl|Cell color}} – स्वचालित पाठ दृश्यता कय साथे एक रेंज म मान कय आधार पय छायांकित सेल * {{tl|BSD-lic}} – {{tlf|free}} के खातिर विशेष अनुप्रेषण (redirect) * {{tl|GPL-lic}} – {{tlf|free}} के खातिर विशेष अनुप्रेषण (redirect) * {{tl|LGPL-lic}} – {{tlf|free}} के खातिर विशेष अनुप्रेषण (redirect) * {{tl|Active}} / {{tl|No result}} / {{tl|Eliminated}} {{C|Comparisons|तुलनात्मक टेबल}} के खातिर == टिप्पणी == {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc=|#default= <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Unified table cell templates]] }}}}</includeonly> 38cmv90v1uxbytkrmjt4ukpds7jlk6c 10 9903 35481 2026-07-08T16:06:21Z Avimaarak 3578 [[खाँचा:Mono]] पे अनुप्रेषित 35481 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Mono]] jkyamgd5ou5lli74d9xjmwd9situ9q7 10 9904 35482 2026-07-08T16:17:13Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> {{tlr|clear=right|monospace}}{{tsh|clear=right|tt|ttt}} {{high-use}} {{Uses TemplateStyles |Template:Mono/styles.css}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{-}} == Usage == {{tlx|mono|<var>text to format here</var>}} renders as: {{mono|text to format here}} This template is for formattin...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> {{tlr|clear=right|monospace}}{{tsh|clear=right|tt|ttt}} {{high-use}} {{Uses TemplateStyles |Template:Mono/styles.css}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{-}} == Usage == {{tlx|mono|<var>text to format here</var>}} renders as: {{mono|text to format here}} This template is for formatting short bits of content (the only parameter) as monospaced (nonproportional) text. It is simply a quick shorthand for the necessary [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] code. It is a replacement for {{tag|tt}}, which is an obsolete element under HTML5. ([http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/obsolete.html#non-conforming-features Non-conforming features]) This template {{em|should}} be used where the content is being rendered in monospaced text for purely stylistic/display reasons, where this display has no particular semantic significance. It {{em|should not}} be used to indicate information with these semantics: * source code, use {{tl|code}} or {{tag|code}} instead * variables or variable input, use {{tl|var}} or {{tag|var}} instead * keyboard input, use {{tl|kbd}} or {{tag|kbd}} instead * sample output, use {{tl|samp}} or {{tag|samp}} instead It {{em|cannot}} be used to mark up multiple paragraphs, sections or other block elements, as it uses {{tag|span|o}}, which is an inline element. Use {{tl|monodiv}} and {{tl|pre}} for multiple blocks of text, or use multiple instances of {{tl|Mono}} for each individual line. When the content ends with a single closing curly brace (<code><nowiki>}</nowiki></code>), the content should be followed by <code><nowiki>&lt;nowiki/&gt;</nowiki></code>, for example, to mark up <code><nowiki>{foo}</nowiki></code>, use {{tlc|mono|<nowiki>{foo}&lt;nowiki/&gt;</nowiki>}} or {{tlc|mono|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;{foo}&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>}}. If the content contains pipe characters (<code>|</code>) not surrounded by {{tag|nowiki}}, they must be escaped with <code>&amp;#124;</code> or <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code>. This template should not be used in links as it can affect later transclusions. === Parameters === There are two parameters: ;{{para|1}} or unnamed : The content to format as monospaced. If the content contains a <code>=</code> character, the parameter must be numbered or the template will break. (The parameter does not need to be numbered if the <code>=</code> character is surrounded by {{tag|nowiki}}, or if it is escaped as <code>&amp;#61;</code>.) For backward compatibility with an old, merged-in template, this parameter can also be called {{para|2}}. ;{{para|needs_review|yes}} : Used (e.g. by [[WP:Bot|bots]] or [[WP:AWB|AWB]] scripts) to indicate replacement of now-obsolete {{tag|tt}} markup with {{tnull|mono|...}} markup. This template displays nothing and presently does no categorization, though a cleanup category can be created if necessary. It indicates that the markup may need to be changed to something more semantically meaningful, such as {{tag|code}}, {{tag|samp}}, or {{tag|kbd}}. == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template is for formatting short bits of content as monospaced text.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "2" ], "label": "Content", "description": "The content to format as monospaced.", "required": true, "type": "line" }, "needs_review": { "label": "Needs Review?", "description": "Used (e.g. by [[WP:Bot|bots]] or [[WP:AWB|AWB]] scripts) to indicate replacement of now-obsolete <code><!--nostrip-->&lt;tt&gt;...&lt;/tt&gt;</code><!--nostrip--> markup with <code><!--nostrip-->{{mono|...}}</code><!--nostrip--> markup. This template displays nothing and presently does no categorization, though a cleanup category can be created if necessary. It indicates that the markup may need to be changed to something more semantically meaningful, such as <code><!--nostrip-->&lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt;</code><!--nostrip-->, <code><!--nostrip-->&lt;samp&gt;...&lt;/samp&gt;</code><!--nostrip-->, or&nbsp;<code><!--nostrip-->&lt;kbd&gt;...&lt;/kbd&gt;</code><!--nostrip-->.", "autovalue": "yes", "type": "boolean" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == * {{tl|pre}} * {{tl|var}} * {{tl|code}}, which only provides syntax highlighting, without forbidding line breaks * {{tl|Codett}}, wrapper for this template that removes background and border styling * {{tl|PreCode}}, which forbids line breaks inside the code * {{tl|param value}}, monospaced; friendly handling for blank space * {{tl|Syntaxhighlight}} * {{tl|kbd}}, for keyboard input {{Semantic markup templates|show}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata, thanks --> [[Category:Typing-aid templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 05cih2l0fz5ipsh5ddrym0g49r52xfk 0 9905 35488 2026-07-08T18:02:40Z Avimaarak 3578 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362408487|Homosexuality in ancient Rome]]" पन्ना कै अनुवाद कइके बनवा गा 35488 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles>  '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} 3ej6di1840zx1etiaad9x86hxw8svlb 35500 35488 2026-07-08T18:35:56Z Avimaarak 3578 35500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image|total_width=320|image2=Sousse mosaic Ganymede.JPG|image1=Marble Busts of Hadrian & Antinous, from Rome, Roman Empire, British Museum (16497688477).jpg|footer=''(left)'' Busts of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Hadrian]] (left) and his male lover [[Antinous]], now at the [[British Museum]] ''(right)'' Roman [[mosaic]] from [[Susa, Libya]], depicting the myth of [[Zeus]] in the form of an eagle abducting the boy [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]]}}  '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} fqrbe9z2m33xwx9mkyaqsluja0d3lth 35501 35500 2026-07-08T18:41:26Z Avimaarak 3578 35501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image|total_width=320|image2=Sousse mosaic Ganymede.JPG|image1=Marble Busts of Hadrian & Antinous, from Rome, Roman Empire, British Museum (16497688477).jpg|footer=''(बाएँ)'' [[रोमन सम्राट]] [[हैड्रियन]] (बाएँ) अउर वहिके पुरुष प्रेमी [[एंटीनस]] की मूर्ती, अब [[ब्रिटिश अजायबघर]] मा ''(दहिने)'' Roman [[mosaic]] from [[Susa, Libya]], depicting the myth of [[Zeus]] in the form of an eagle abducting the boy [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]]}}  '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} cldb40al4kcoz11aq7vcocb2huc4m1y 35509 35501 2026-07-08T19:00:08Z Avimaarak 3578 35509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image | total_width = 320 | image2 = Sousse mosaic Ganymede.JPG | image1 = Marble Busts of Hadrian & Antinous, from Rome, Roman Empire, British Museum (16497688477).jpg | footer = ''(बाएँ)'' [[रोमन सम्राट]] [[हैड्रियन]] अउर वहिके पुरुष प्रेमी [[एंटीनस]] कै मूरति, अब [[ब्रिटिश अजायबघर]] मा। ''(दहिने)'' [[सूसा, लीबिया]] मा मिली रोमन [[मोज़ेक]], जेहमा [[ज़ीउस]] का चील के रूप मा लरिका [[गैनीमेड (पौराणिक कथा)|गैनीमेड]] का अपहरण करत देखावा गा है। }}  '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} mnw7utjo49i1a4byo0mi1lwguayp5sy 35512 35509 2026-07-08T19:14:32Z Avimaarak 3578 35512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image | image2 = Sousse mosaic Ganymede.JPG | width2 = 180 | image1 = Marble Busts of Hadrian & Antinous, from Rome, Roman Empire, British Museum (16497688477).jpg | width1 = 135 | footer = ''(बाएँ)'' [[रोमन सम्राट]] [[हैड्रियन]] अउर वहिके पुरुष प्रेमी [[एंटीनस]] कै मूरति, अब [[ब्रिटिश अजायबघर]] मा। ''(दहिने)'' [[सूसा, लीबिया]] ते मिलल रोमन [[मोज़ेक]], जेहमा [[ज़ीउस]] का चील के रूप मा लरिका [[गैनीमेड (पौराणिक कथा)|गैनीमेड]] का अपहरण करत देखावा गा है। }} '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} lnuoi5mqcdv5gqwnimgh30gh0m5kwv5 35513 35512 2026-07-08T19:16:56Z Avimaarak 3578 35513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image | image2 = Sousse mosaic Ganymede.JPG | width2 = 185 | image1 = Marble Busts of Hadrian & Antinous, from Rome, Roman Empire, British Museum (16497688477).jpg | width1 = 110 | footer = ''(बाएँ)'' [[रोमन सम्राट]] [[हैड्रियन]] अउर वहिके पुरुष प्रेमी [[एंटीनस]] कै मूरति, अब [[ब्रिटिश अजायबघर]] मा। ''(दहिने)'' [[सूसा, लीबिया]] मा मिली रोमन [[मोज़ेक]], जेहमा [[ज़ीउस]] का चील के रूप मा लरिका [[गैनीमेड (पौराणिक कथा)|गैनीमेड]] का अपहरण करत देखावा गा है। }} '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} 489f3dh7g4pm52nh334hrx65jyi49kc 35551 35513 2026-07-09T09:11:08Z Avimaarak 3578 35551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image |total_width=320 | image2 = Sousse mosaic Ganymede.JPG | image1 = Marble Busts of Hadrian & Antinous, from Rome, Roman Empire, British Museum (16497688477).jpg | footer = ''(बाएँ)'' [[रोमन सम्राट]] [[हैड्रियन]] अउर वहिके पुरुष प्रेमी [[एंटीनस]] कै मूरति, अब [[ब्रिटिश अजायबघर]] मा। ''(दहिने)'' [[सूसा, लीबिया]] मा मिली रोमन [[मोज़ेक]], जेहमा [[ज़ीउस]] का चील के रूप मा लरिका [[गैनीमेड (पौराणिक कथा)|गैनीमेड]] का अपहरण करत देखावा गा है। }} '''प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता''' शोध अउर विद्वानन के बहस का विषय है। प्राचीन रोम मा समलैंगिकता के अवधारणा समकालीन पश्चिम ते अलग रहै । लैटिन मा अइसे शब्दन के कमी है जउन " समलैंगिक " अउर " विषमलैंगिक " का सटीक रूप ते अनुवाद कइ सकैं। प्राचीन रोमन कामुकता का प्राथमिक द्विभाजन ई प्रकार रहै, पहिल सक्रिय (active)/ हावी (dominant )/ मर्दाना (masculine) अउर दूसर निष्क्रिय (passive ) / अधीन (submissive) /  जनाना (feminine)। रोमन समाज पितृसत्तात्मक रहै, माने स्वतंत्र पुरुष नागरिक के पास राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता ( ''लिबर्टास'' ) रहै साथै अपने औ अपने घर ( ''फैमिली'' ) दूनों पर शासन करै का अधिकार रहै। "सद्गुण" ( ''virtus'' ) याक अइसि सक्रिय विशेषता रहै जेहिके माध्यम ते एक मनई ( ''vir'' ) खुद का परिभाषित करत रहै। रोमन युग की बहुत एक खाता-पोथिन मा, <nowiki>''</nowiki>विजय मानसिकता<nowiki>''</nowiki> अउर " पुरुषत्व पंथ" (cult of [[:en:Virility|virility]]) समलैंगिक संबंधन का आकार दिहिस। पुरुषन के बीच पेडेरास्टी का दस्तावेजीकरण कीन गा है, अउर अइसे संबंधन का तब तक स्वीकार कीन जात रहै जब तक कि रोमन आदमी एक सक्रिय/प्रमुख भूमिका निभावत रहै अउर निष्क्रिय छोट पुरुष साथी एक 'स्वतंत्र' युवा/लड़का न होए। स्वीकार्य पुरुष साथी गुलाम,पूर्व गुलाम, वेश्या अउर मनोरंजन करै वाले रहैं, जिनके जीवन शैली उनका ''बदनामी'' के अस्पष्ट सामाजिक दायरे मा राखत रही, यही लिये उनका एक नागरिक का दीन जाय वाली सामान्य सुरक्षा ते बाहर राखा गा रहै भले ही उइ तकनीकी रूप ते स्वतंत्र रहैं। यो जानब मुश्किल है कि प्राचीन रोम मा सामान्य रूप से समलैंगिकता अउर विशेष रूप से पेडेरास्टी केतनी हद तक प्रचलित रहै। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a Sourcebook of Basic Documents.|last=Hubbard|first=ThomasK.|publisher=University of California Press.|year=2003|isbn=0520234308}}</ref> [[फाइल:024MAD_Antinous.jpg|अंगूठाकार|एंटीनस (डेल्फी) के मूर्ति, पॉलीक्रोम पेरियन संगमरमर जेहिमा एंटीनस का चित्रण है, वहिके प्रेमी हैड्रियन (शा. 117-138 ईस्वी) के शासनकाल के दौरान बनावा गा रहै।]] <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> == यहौ द्याखौ ==    == नोट्स == {{Reflist}} 8g2hpmkuw4m1e7ku1hfxuqq4rw1t097 10 9906 35489 2026-07-08T18:08:04Z Avimaarak 3578 '/* {{pp-template}} */ /* this is a block */ .multiimageinner { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .trow { display: flex; flex-direction: row; clear: left; flex-wrap: wrap; width: 100%; box-sizing: 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and media query using min-width is introduced */ width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: none !important; align-items: center; } .trow { justify-content: center; } .tsingle { /* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */ float: none !important; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; } .tsingle .thumbcaption { text-align: left; } .trow > .thumbcaption { text-align: center; } } @media screen { .multiimageinner .thumbimage { background-color: inherit; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img, html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } lf0p4p3o604razcb6ed3kk5mm9lba0y 35511 35489 2026-07-08T19:08:45Z Avimaarak 3578 35511 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* this is a block */ .multiimageinner { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .trow { display: flex; flex-direction: row; clear: left; flex-wrap: wrap; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } /* this is a cell */ .tsingle { margin: 1px; float: left; } .theader { clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; align-self: center; background-color: transparent; width: 100%; } .thumbcaption { background-color: transparent; } .text-align-left { text-align: left; } .text-align-right { text-align: right; } .text-align-center { text-align: center; } @media all and ( max-width: 720px ) { .thumbinner { /* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */ width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: none !important; align-items: center; } .trow { justify-content: center; } .tsingle { /* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */ float: none !important; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; } .tsingle .thumbcaption { text-align: left; } .trow > .thumbcaption { text-align: center; } } @media screen { .multiimageinner .thumbimage { background-color: inherit; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img, html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } @media screen 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background-color: transparent; width: 100%; } .thumbcaption { background-color: transparent; } .text-align-left { text-align: left; } .text-align-right { text-align: right; } .text-align-center { text-align: center; } .trow { justify-content: center; } .tsingle { /* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */ float: none !important; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; } .tsingle .thumbcaption { text-align: left; } .trow > .thumbcaption { text-align: center; } @media screen { .multiimageinner .thumbimage { background-color: inherit; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img, html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .thumbcaption, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .thumbcaption, .multiimageinner { color: #eaecf0 !important; /* डार्क मोड के लिए हल्का रंग */ } } s90ziipst0z65k7kejoxi9z3tf61dav 10 9907 35490 2026-07-08T18:09:22Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{tsh|mim}} {{Lua|Module:Multiple image|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Multiple image/styles.css}} {{High-use|demo={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} {{notice|1=Before making a collage, please read over the '''[[WP:MONTAGE|image use policy for collages and montages]]'''. Generally, a collage '''sho...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{tsh|mim}} {{Lua|Module:Multiple image|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Multiple image/styles.css}} {{High-use|demo={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} {{notice|1=Before making a collage, please read over the '''[[WP:MONTAGE|image use policy for collages and montages]]'''. Generally, a collage '''should not be added''' when there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text.}} This template creates a box containing between two and ten images, arranged either vertically or horizontally and with captions for the entire box or per image. With the appropriate choice of parameters, the template can automatically resize images to a given total width with each image having the same height. Be aware that this template does {{em|not}} respect users' default image size preferences. [[Wikipedia:Image use policy]] states that {{tq|except with very good reason, do not use <code>px</code> [...] which forces a fixed image width.}} [[MOS:IMGSIZE]] states that a fixed width in pixels may only be specified, {{tq|where absolutely necessary.}}{{efn|The <nowiki>|upright=</nowiki> parameter can only be used to relatively-size an image when using the <nowiki>|thumb=</nowiki> parameter, and this template needs to format images without thumbs, so it has no easy way to access the Wikimedia relative-sizing machinery.}} If image size parameters are omitted, this template sets all images at 200px wide, regardless of whether the reader has set a preference for some other default image width. This causes multiple images to look out of scale to the other images in an article. == Usage == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Multiple image|total_width = 600 <!-- Layout parameters --> | align = <!-- right (default), left, center, none --> | direction = <!-- horizontal (default), vertical --> | background_color = <!-- box background as a 'hex triplet' web color prefixed by # e.g. #33CC00 --> | width = <!-- displayed width of each image in pixels (an integer, omit "px" suffix); overrides "width[n]"s below --> | caption_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> | image_style = <!-- border:1; (default) --> | image_gap = <!-- 1 (default)--> <!-- Header --> | header_background = <!-- header background as a 'hex triplet' web color prefixed by # e.g. #33CC00 --> | header_align = <!-- center (default), left, right --> | header = <!-- header text --> <!--image 1--> | image1 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | width1 = <!-- displayed width of image; overridden by "width" above --> | class1 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt1 = | link1 = | thumbtime1 = | caption1 = <!--image 2--> | image2 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | width2 = <!-- displayed width of image; overridden by "width" above --> | class2 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt2 = | link2 = | thumbtime2 = | caption2 = <!-- and so on --> <!-- Footer --> | footer_background = <!-- footer background as a 'hex triplet' web color prefixed by # e.g. #33CC00 --> | footer_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> | footer = <!-- footer text --> }} </syntaxhighlight> ;No automatic resizing of all images to the same height :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{multiple image <!-- Layout parameters --> | align = <!-- right (default), left, center, none --> | direction = <!-- horizontal (default), vertical --> | background_color = <!-- box background --> | total_width = <!-- total width of all the displayed images in pixels (an integer, omit "px" suffix) --> | caption_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> <!-- Header --> | header_background = | header_align = <!-- center (default), left, right --> | header = <!--image 1--> | image1 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | class1 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt1 = | link1 = | thumbtime1 = | caption1 = <!--image 2--> | image2 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | class2 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt2 = | link2 = | thumbtime2 = | caption2 = <!-- and so on --> <!-- Footer --> | footer_background = | footer_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> | footer = }} </syntaxhighlight> == Parameters == Provide {{para|height[n]}} and {{para|total_width}} parameters to obtain automatic resizing. Note the different meanings of the {{para|width[n]}} parameters with vs. without automatic resizing. Please also note the option to set a {{para|total_width}} parameter at the beginning of the {{tlf|multiple image}} template. Automatic resizing of all images to the same height and to a given total width {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter !! Description |- | align || right ''(default)'', left, center |- | direction || horizontal ''(default)'', vertical |- | background_color || To set [[List of colors|the background color]] of the box in which the images appear. |- | text_color || To set caption text color. Useful for when using darker background colors. |- | header_background || |- | header_align || center ''(default)'', left, right |- | header || |- | width || Use to set the same width for each image (i.e. overrides any {{mono|width[n]}} below). Do not include if different image widths intended, including if images are to be resized to a fixed total width. |- | total_width || Use to scale the images to the same height and this total width. Do not use both {{mono|total_width}} and {{mono|width}}. |- | image''[n]'' || (where ''[n]'' = 1 to 10)&nbsp; Filename of [n]th image. |- | width''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; Two meanings: (1) The width (in pixels, integer, omit "px") of [n]th image. Overridden by {{mono|width}} (if set). (2) The full width of the original [n]th image if {{mono|total_width}} is given in order to resize all images to the same height and a given total width. |- | height''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; The full height of the original [n]th image if {{mono|total_width}} is given in order to resize all images to the same height and a given total width. Ignored otherwise. |- | class''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; CSS class for the image. Useful for [[Wikipedia:Dark mode|darkmode theme]] options: skin-invert-image or bg-transparent |- | alt''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; [[WP:ALT|Alt description]] for [n]th image. |- | link''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; The page linked to the [n]th image (i.e. the page that is loaded when the image is clicked). * If this parameter is omitted altogether, the image will link to its [[image description page]] as usual (<u>this is by far the most common usage case</u>). * If this parameter is present but left empty (i.e. {{mono|<nowiki>...|link1= |...</nowiki>}}), the image will not link to anything – this should be the case only for purely decorative images per [[WP:ALT]]. * '''Important:''' If the image is under a [[free license]] (such as the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GDFL]] or a free [[Creative Commons license|CC license]]), the terms of such license require the license, or a link to it, to be reproduced with the image. The image '''must''', therefore, link to its image description page, which can be achieved simply by omitting the link[n] parameter from the template as mentioned. Public domain and (theoretically) non-free use images are not subject to this restriction. |- | thumbtime''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; When using video files, sets the time within the video that is used for the initial display. This is either a number of seconds or hours:minutes:seconds; see [[:commons:Commons:Video#Setting a video thumbnail image]]. |- | caption''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; Caption for the [n]th image. |- | caption_align || left ''(default)'', center, right |- | footer_background || |- | footer_align || left ''(default)'', center, right |- | footer || Caption that spans the entire box, as opposed to individual images. Avoid "left" and "right" if possible, since mobile devices may [[#Using direction|display the images vertically]]. |} ==Examples== {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | width = 60 | image1 = Yellow card.svg | class1 = bg-transparent | alt1 = Yellow cartouche | image2 = Red card.svg | class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Red cartouche | footer = Players are cautioned with a yellow card and sent off with a red card. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 200 | header = [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]] transparency demonstration | image1 = PNG transparency demonstration 1.png | alt1 = Colored dice with transparent background | class1 = bg-transparent | caption1 = A PNG image with an 8-bit transparency layer... | image2 = PNG transparency demonstration 2.png | alt2 = Colored dice with checkered background | caption2 = ...here overlaying a checkered background. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | width = 60 | image1=Ribbon numeral 2.png | alt1=2 | image2=Ribbon numeral 3.png | alt2=3 | image3=Ribbon numeral 4.png | alt3=4 | footer = When a user has many of one type of [[WP:BARN|barnstar]], they can represent them with [[WP:RIBBON|ribbons]] and these numerals to indicate the count. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ===With ''background color''=== {{demo|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = left | background_color = #BBDD99 | width = 160 | image1 = Adoxa_moschatellina_210406.jpg | alt1 = Green herb with a few tiny yellow-white flowers | image2 = Adoxa_moschatellina_210406a.jpg | alt2 = Three small white and yellow flowers before green-leaf background | image3 = adoxa_moschatellina_blatt.jpeg | alt3 = Leaves of a plant, in groups of three each with three lobes | footer_background = #33CC00 | footer_align = center | footer = ''[[Adoxa]]'' (''Adoxa moschatellina'') }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} If the images have a clear background, this will by default be changed to white. To make the background color of the images match, set them with {{para|image_style|background-color:}}. You might want to also remove the border. {{demo|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = center | width = 64 | background_color = black | image_style=background-color:black; border:none; | image1 = Aries symbol (planetary color).svg|link1=Aries (astrology) | image2 = Taurus symbol (planetary color).svg|link2=Taurus (astrology) | image3 = Gemini symbol (planetary color).svg|link3=Gemini (astrology) | image4 = Leo symbol (planetary color).svg|link4=Leo (astrology) }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ===With links (''link[n]'')=== {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = left | image1 = Mule (PSF).png | width1 = 143 | alt1 = A mule | link1 = Mule | caption1 = A mule | image2 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = A donkey | link2 = | caption2 = A donkey | image3 = Rainbow_trout.png | width3 = 91 | alt3 = A trout | caption3 = A fish | footer = The image of the mule links to [[Mule]]; the image of the donkey does not link anywhere; the image of the trout links to a [[Image description page|standard image description page]]. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ===Using ''direction''=== By default, the images the template presents are displayed horizontally, as a row (see left; equivalent to setting {{para|direction|horizontal}}). To display them vertically, i.e. as a column, set {{para|direction|vertical}} (see right). {{multiple image |align=left |direction=horizontal |header=(horizontal) |width=60 |image1=Ribbon numeral 2.png |image2=Ribbon numeral 3.png |image3=Ribbon numeral 4.png }} {{multiple image |align=right |direction=vertical |header=(vertical) |width=60 |image1=Ribbon numeral 2.png |image2=Ribbon numeral 3.png |image3=Ribbon numeral 4.png }} {{clear}} On mobile devices some images may always be displayed vertically if the total width is larger than around 320. ===To match image heights=== {{hatnote|Note: The following is unnecessary if all the images presented by the template have the same [[Aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratio]]; if so, simply set {{mono|width}} accordingly.}} * Decide on a total width for all the images, say {{pval|320px}} * Set the total width using {{para|total_width}} {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 320 | image1 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = Rectangular image of a donkey, originally 536 pixels high. | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = Square image of a trout, originally 300 pixels high. | footer = Both images have been rendered with the same height, and a total width of 320px }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} '''Using the {{para|width[n]}} and {{para|height[n]}} parameters.''' {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 480 | image1 = Rainbow_trout.png | caption1 = Square image of a trout, originally 300 x 300 pixels. | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | width2 = 900 | height2 = 900 | caption2 = <code>width2</code> x <code>height2</code> = 900 x 900. | image3 = Rainbow_trout.png | width3 = 100 | height3 = 200 | caption3 = <code>width3</code> x <code>height3</code> = 100 x 200. | image4 = Rainbow_trout.png | width4 = 200 | height4 = 100 | caption4 = <code>width4</code> x <code>height4</code> = 200 x 100. | footer = All images have been rendered with the same height except for image3, which is 100/200 = 1/2 the height of the other images. Image4 is 200/100 = 2 times the height of image1, so only its top half is visible. Total width set to 480px. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} The aspect ratio of each image is automatically retrieved from the File metadata. You can override the native width and height values by * Examining the individual image pages to obtain the full resolution. For example: ** [[:File:Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg]] shows "Donkey_1_arp_750px.jpg (750 × 536 pixels, file size: 125 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)" ** [[:File:Rainbow trout.png]] shows "Rainbow_trout.png (300 × 300 pixels, file size: 158 KB, MIME type: image/png)" * Specify the full width and height for each image, of the form: ** {{para|width1}} {{para|height1}} {{para|width2}} {{para|height2}} === Multiple rows === To create an array of images, with multiple rows, use {{para|perrow}}. The value passed to {{para|perrow}} may be a single number, or a list of numbers delimited by <code>/</code>. This feature may also be combined with {{para|total_width}} for multiple rows of images with the same total width. {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=300 | image1 = Kern_Theodolit_DKM2-A.jpg | image2 = Total-Robotic-Station.jpg | image3 = DumpyLevel.jpg | image4 = GPS_Survey_Equipment_at_Weir_Dyke_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_336908.jpg | footer = Surveying Equipment. Clockwise from upper left: Optical Theodolite, Robotic total station, [[Real-time kinematic|RTK]] GPS Base station, Optical level. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} === Removing the image border === The border around the images can be removed using {{para|image_style|border:none}}. {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 320 | image_style = border:none; | image1 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = Image of a donkey | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = Image of a trout }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} === Increasing the gap between images === The gap between the images can be increased using {{para|image_gap|N}}, where N is the number of pixels (must be non-negative). {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 320 | image_gap = 20 | image1 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = Image of a donkey | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = Image of a trout }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} === Directly invoking module === On large pages, multiple uses of this template can contribute to the page exceeding the maximum [[WP:PEIS|post-expand include size]] limit. To reduce the include size, [[Module:Multiple image]] can be invoked directly as follows (note the extra <code>|</code> character after the module name): {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{#invoke:multiple image| | width = 60 | image1 = OOjs UI icon wikiTemplate.svg | class1 = skin-invert-image | image2 = Cib-lua (CoreUI Icons v1.0.0).svg | class2 = skin-invert-image }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template creates a box with two to ten images arranged vertically or horizontally with captions for the entire box and each image.", "format": "{{_\n| _________________ = _\n}}\n", "params": { "align": { "type": "string", "label": "Alignment", "default": "right", "description": "Sets text-wrapping around image box, where \"none\" places the box on the left edge with no text-wrapping, \"center\" places the box at center with no text-wrapping and \"left\" and \"right\" refer to position of box on screen with text-wrapping.", "example": "left/right/center/none", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "direction": { "default": "horizontal", "type": "string", "label": "Direction", "description": "Direction in which to tile the images.", "example": "horizontal/vertical", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "horizontal", "vertical" ] }, "total_width": { "type": "number", "label": "Frame width", "description": "Use to scale the images to the same height and this total width. Do not use both total_width and width. Integer width in pixels; no \"px\" suffix", "example": "360", "suggested": true }, "perrow": { "type": "string", "label": "Row layout", "description": "Create an array of images, with multiple rows. The value passed to may be a single number or a list of numbers with each row delimited by /. Can be combined with total_width for automatic sizing of images.", "example": "1 / 2 / 1" }, "width": { "type": "number", "label": "Image width", "description": "Width overrides Width 1, Width 2, Width 3, etc. If you want the images to be different sizes, do not provide the width parameter. Integer width in pixels; no \"px\" suffix", "example": "200" }, "background_color": { "type": "string", "label": "Background color", "description": "Defines the background color between the border of the box and the images. Changing the background can be bad for accessibility, avoid when possible.", "example": "#EEFFGG or red", "aliases": [ "background color", "bg_color" ] }, "text_color": { "type": "string", "label": "Text color", "description": "Defines the caption text color. Useful for when using darker background colors.", "example": "#FFFFFF or white", "aliases": [ "color" ] }, "caption_align": { "default": "left", "type": "string", "label": "Caption alignment", "example": "left/right/center", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right" ] }, "image1": { "description": "Image 1 is name of first image. Similarly for Image 2, etc. File name only; no \"File:\" or \"Image:\" prefix.", "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "suggested": true, "required": true, "label": "Image 1" }, "class1": { "description": "CSS class for the image. Mainly used for darkmode theme options", "type": "string", "suggested": false, "required": false, "label": "Class 1", "suggestedvalues": [ "skin-invert-image", "bg-transparent" ] }, "width1": { "description": "Width 1 is width of first image. Similarly for Width 2, etc.", "type": "number", "label": "Width 1" }, "alt1": { "type": "line", "description": "The [[alt text]] of first image (see [[WP:ALT]]). Similarly for Alt text 2, etc.", "label": "Alt text 1", "suggested": true }, "caption1": { "type": "content", "description": "Caption 1 is caption of first image. Similarly for Caption 2, etc.", "suggested": true, "label": "Caption 1" }, "link1": { "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "Where the first page links to. Similarly for Link 2, etc. If not specified, image links to the image description page as usual. If specified to the empty value, the image does not link anywhere; this should be used for purely decorative images as per [[WP:ALT]]. Important: If the image is under a free license like the GFDL or a CC license, you must not use this parameter as the terms of those licenses require the license, or a link to it, to be reproduced with the image. The image must, therefore, link to its image page. Public domain and (theoretically) non-free use images are not subject to this restriction.", "label": "Link 1" }, "thumbtime1": { "type": "string", "description": "If image1 is an Ogg Theora file, sets the time within the video that is used for the initial display. Either a number of seconds or hours:minutes:seconds. Similarly for Thumb time 2, etc.", "label": "Thumbtime 1" }, "image2": { "example": "example.jpg", "suggested": true, "label": "Image 2", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "class2": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 2" }, "width2": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 2" }, "alt2": { "label": "Alt text 2", "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "caption2": { "type": "content", "suggested": true, "label": "Caption 2" }, "link2": { "type": "wiki-page-name", "label": "Link 2" }, "thumbtime2": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 2" }, "image3": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 3" }, "class3": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 3" }, "width3": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 3" }, "alt3": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 3" }, "caption3": { "label": "Caption 3", "type": "content" }, "link3": { "label": "Link 3", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime3": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 3" }, "image4": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 4" }, "class4": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 4" }, "width4": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 4" }, "alt4": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 4" }, "caption4": { "label": "Caption 4", "type": "content" }, "link4": { "label": "Link 4", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime4": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 4" }, "image5": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 5" }, "class5": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 5" }, "width5": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 5" }, "alt5": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 5" }, "caption5": { "label": "Caption 5", "type": "content" }, "link5": { "label": "Link 5", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime5": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 5" }, "image6": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 6" }, "class6": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 6" }, "width6": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 6" }, "alt6": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 6" }, "caption6": { "label": "Caption 6", "type": "content" }, "link6": { "label": "Link 6", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime6": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 6" }, "image7": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 7" }, "class7": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 7" }, "width7": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 7" }, "alt7": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 7" }, "caption7": { "label": "Caption 7", "type": "content" }, "link7": { "label": "Link 7", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime7": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 7" }, "image8": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 8" }, "class8": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 8" }, "width8": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 8" }, "alt8": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 8" }, "caption8": { "label": "Caption 8", "type": "content" }, "link8": { "label": "Link 8", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime8": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 8" }, "image9": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 9" }, "class9": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 9" }, "width9": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 9" }, "alt9": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 9" }, "caption9": { "label": "Caption 9", "type": "content" }, "link9": { "label": "Link 9", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime9": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 9" }, "image10": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 10" }, "class10": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 10" }, "width10": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 10" }, "alt10": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 10" }, "caption10": { "label": "Caption 10", "type": "content" }, "link10": { "label": "Link 10", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime10": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 10" }, "image_gap": { "type": "number", "label": "Image gap", "description": "Override the distance between adjacent images. Integer width in pixels; no \"px\" suffix", "example": "20", "default": "1" }, "image_style": { "type": "string", "label": "Image style", "description": "Override the default styling of the image frame." }, "header": { "type": "content", "label": "Header", "description": "A header text to place above the entire frame." }, "header_background": { "type": "string", "label": "Header background", "description": "Defines the background color of the header field. Changing the background can be bad for accessibility, avoid when possible", "example": "#EEFFGG or red" }, "header_align": { "default": "center", "type": "string", "label": "Header alignment", "example": "left/right/center" }, "footer": { "type": "content", "label": "Footer", "description": "Caption that spans the entire box, as opposed to individual images. Avoid \"left\" and \"right\" if possible, since mobile devices may display the images vertically." }, "footer_background": { "type": "string", "label": "Footer background", "description": "Defines the background color of the footer field. Changing the background can be bad for accessibility, avoid when possible", "example": "#EEFFGG or red" }, "footer_align": { "default": "left", "type": "string", "label": "Footer alignment", "example": "left/right/center", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right" ] }, "border": { "label": "Show or hide border", "description": "Use value \"infobox\" to hide the border when using the template within an infobox.", "suggestedvalues": [ "infobox" ] } } }</templatedata> ==Tracking categories== * {{clc|Category:Pages using multiple image with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images}} * {{clc|Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images}} * {{clc|Pages using multiple image with one image}} * {{clc|Pages using multiple image with zero images}} == Other wikis == In order to use this template on other wikis, next to the required module and stylesheet, this template also depends on [[:mediawikiwiki:Manual:$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles|$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles]]. This setting of MediaWiki provides the stylesheets for the older thumbnail styles that MediaWiki used to use up to MediaWiki 1.40. ==See also== * {{tl|Gallery}} * {{tl|Image array}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * {{tl|Photo montage}} * {{tl|Stack}} * [[Wikipedia:Collage tips]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 4i5ou19tqg7669sllf5og9yj254c3wu 35545 35490 2026-07-09T08:45:39Z Avimaarak 3578 35545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. --> This template creates a box with two to ten images arranged vertically or horizontally with captions for the entire box and/or for each images. === Usage === * '''align''' defaults to "right" * '''direction''' defaults to "horizontal" * '''header_align''' defaults to "center" * '''footer_align''' defaults to "left" * '''image1''' is name of first image. Similarly for '''image2''', etc. * '''width1''' is width of first image. Similarly for '''width2''', etc. ** '''width''' overrides width1, width2, width3, etc. If you want the images to be different sizes, do not provide the width parameter. * '''alt1''' is [[alt text]] of first image (see [[WP:ALT]]). Similarly for '''alt2''', etc. * '''caption1''' is caption of first image. Similarly for '''caption2''', etc. * '''link1''' is where the first page links to. Similarly for '''link2''', etc. If not specified, image links to the image description page as usual. If specified to the empty value, the image does not link anywhere; this should be used for purely decorative images as per [[WP:ALT]].<br />'''Important''': If the image is under a free license like the GFDL or a CC license, you '''must not''' use this parameter as the terms of those licenses require the license, or a link to it, to be reproduced with the image. The image must, therefore, link to its image page. Public domain and (theoretically) fair use images are not subject to this restriction. * '''background color''' defines the background color between the border of the box and the images. * header, footer, background color and captions are optional. <pre style="width: 85%; overflow:auto"> {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = <!-- left/right/center/none --> | direction = <!-- horizontal/vertical --> | width = <!-- Digits only; no "px" suffix, please --> <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = <!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 = <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = <!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = <!-- Image 3 --> | image3 = <!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width3 = | alt3 = | caption3 = <!-- up to |image10 is accepted --> <!-- Extra parameters --> | header = | header_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | footer_background = | background color = }}</pre> === Examples === {{multiple image | footer = Players are cautioned with a yellow card and sent off with a red card. | width = 60 | image1 = Yellow card.svg | alt1 = Yellow cartouche | image2 = Red card.svg | alt2 = Red cartouche }} <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{multiple image | footer = Players are cautioned with a yellow card and sent off with a red card. | width = 60 | image1 = Yellow card.svg | alt1 = Yellow cartouche | image2 = Red card.svg | alt2 = Red cartouche }}</pre> {{-}} {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | header = [[PNG]] transparency demonstration | width = 200 | image1 = PNG transparency demonstration 1.png | alt1 = Colored dice with white background | caption1 = A PNG image with an 8-bit transparency layer... | image2 = PNG transparency demonstration 2.png | alt2 = Colored dice with checkered background | caption2 = ...here overlaid onto a checkered background. }} <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | header = [[PNG]] transparency demonstration | width = 200 | image1 = PNG transparency demonstration 1.png | alt1 = Colored dice with white background | caption1 = A PNG image with an 8-bit transparency layer... | image2 = PNG transparency demonstration 2.png | alt2 = Colored dice with checkered background | caption2 = ...here overlaid onto a checkered background. }}</pre> {{-}} {{multiple image | footer = When a user has many of one type of [[WP:BARN|barnstar]], they can represent them with [[WP:RIBBON|ribbons]] and these numerals to indicate the count. | width = 60 | image1 = Ribbon numeral 2.png | alt1 = 2 | image2 = Ribbon numeral 3.png | alt2 = 3 | image3 = Ribbon numeral 4.png | alt3 = 4 }} <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{multiple image | footer = When a user has many of one type of [[WP:BARN|barnstar]], they can represent them with [[WP:RIBBON|ribbons]] and these numerals to indicate the count. | width = 60 | image1 = Ribbon numeral 2.png | alt1 = 2 | image2 = Ribbon numeral 3.png | alt2 = 3 | image3 = Ribbon numeral 4.png | alt3 = 4 }}</pre> {{-}} === Example with background color === {{multiple image | image1=Adoxa_moschatellina_210406.jpg | alt1=Green herb with a few tiny yellow-white flowers | image2=Adoxa_moschatellina_210406a.jpg | alt2=Three small white and yellow flowers before green-leaf background | image3=adoxa_moschatellina_blatt.jpeg | alt3=Leaves of a plant. They are in groups of three, each with three lobes. | footer=[[Adoxa]] (''Adoxa moschatellina'') | footer_background=#BBDD99 | background color=#BBDD99 | footer_align=center | width=160 }} <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{multiple image | image1=Adoxa_moschatellina_210406.jpg | alt1=Green herb with a few tiny yellow-white flowers | image2=Adoxa_moschatellina_210406a.jpg | alt2=Three small white and yellow flowers before green-leaf background | image3=adoxa_moschatellina_blatt.jpeg | alt3=Leaves of a plant. They are in groups of three, each with three lobes. | footer=[[Adoxa]] (''Adoxa moschatellina'') | footer_background=#BBDD99 | background color=#BBDD99 | footer_align=center | width=160 }} </pre> {{-}} === Example with links === {{multiple image | footer = The mule links to ''[[Mule]]'', the donkey does not link anywhere, and the trout links to its image description page as usual. | align = left | image1 = Frecklesmule.jpg | width1 = 143 | alt1 = A mule | caption1 = <center>A mule<br />骡子, ''luózi''</center> | link1 = Mule | image2 = Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = A donkey | caption2 = <center>A donkey<br />驴子, lǘzi</center> | link2 = | image3 = Rainbow_trout.png | width3 = 91 | alt3 = A trout | caption3 = <center>A fish<br /> {{lang|zh|2=鱼}}, ''yú''</center> }} <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{multiple image | footer = The mule links to ''[[Mule]]'', the donkey does not link anywhere, and the trout links to its image description page as usual. | align = left | image1 = Frecklesmule.jpg | width1 = 143 | alt1 = A mule | caption1 = <center>A mule<br />骡子, ''luózi''</center> | link1 = Mule | image2 = Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = A donkey | caption2 = <center>A donkey<br />驴子, lǘzi</center> | link2 = | image3 = Rainbow_trout.png | width3 = 91 | alt3 = A trout | caption3 = <center>A fish<br /> {{lang|zh|2=鱼}}, ''yú''</center> }} </pre> {{-}} === Horizontal placement: matching image heights === : ''This trick is not required if all images have the same [[Aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratio]], where ''{{para|width}}'' suffices'' * Decide on a common height for the images, say 100 pixels. * Examine the individual image pages to obtain the full resolution. For example: ** [[:File:Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg]] shows "Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg‎ (750 × 536 pixels, file size: 125 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)" ** [[:File:Rainbow trout.png]] shows "Rainbow_trout.png‎ (300 × 300 pixels, file size: 158 KB, MIME type: image/png)" * For non-square images, use these figures to construct an expression for the {{para|width''n''}} parameters, of the form: ** <code><nowiki> {{#expr:</nowiki> (''dh'' * ''ow'' / ''oh'') round 0<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> * where ** ''dh'' is the desired height in pixels (100) ** ''ow'' is the original width in pixels (750 or 300) ** ''oh'' is the original height in pixels (536 or 300) * For ''square'' images, simply set the appropriate {{para|width''n''}} to be the desired height. If all are square, only {{para|width}} needs to be set. {{multiple image | footer = The two images are both rendered 100 pixels high | align = right | image1 = Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg | width1 = {{#expr: (100 * 750 / 536) round 0}} | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = A donkey, not square and originally 536 pixels high | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | width2 = 100 | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = A fish, square and originally 300 pixels high }} <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{multiple image | footer = The two images are both rendered 100 pixels high | align = right | image1 = Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg | width1 = {{#expr: (100 * 750 / 536) round 0}} | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = A donkey, not square and originally 536 pixels high | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | width2 = 100 | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = A fish, square and originally 300 pixels high }} </pre> {{clear}} === See also === * {{tl|Double image}} * {{tl|Triple image}} <includeonly><!-- ++++ PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE, INSIDE INCLUDEONLY TAGS, THANK YOU. --> [[Category:Graphic templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ar:قالب:صور متعددة]] [[zh-yue:Template:Multiple image]] [[zh:Template:图像并列]] </includeonly> fnmdic8symquukyrfm4d26stko3wi5c 10 9908 35491 2026-07-08T18:11:11Z Avimaarak 3578 [[खाँचा:Talk quote inline]] पे अनुप्रेषित 35491 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Talk quote inline]] {{Rcat shell| {{R with Wikidata item}} {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} a0ja6wtnmt6chm866v1l6jz625fg44p 10 9909 35492 2026-07-08T18:11:43Z Avimaarak 3578 '<templatestyles src="Talk quote inline/styles.css" />{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|Template:Tq is only for quoting in talk and project pages. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<!-- --><q {{#if: {{{title|}}} | title="{{{title}}}"}} class="inline-quote-talk {{#if: {{{i|{{{italic|}}}}}} | inline-quote-talk-italic}} {{#if: {{{q|{{{quotes|}}}}}}|inline-quote-talk-marks}}">{{Encodefirst|{{trim|{{{1|<inc...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35492 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Talk quote inline/styles.css" />{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|Template:Tq is only for quoting in talk and project pages. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<!-- --><q {{#if: {{{title|}}} | title="{{{title}}}"}} class="inline-quote-talk {{#if: {{{i|{{{italic|}}}}}} | inline-quote-talk-italic}} {{#if: {{{q|{{{quotes|}}}}}}|inline-quote-talk-marks}}">{{Encodefirst|{{trim|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the talk quote inline template]]</includeonly><noinclude>Example text</noinclude>}}}}}}}</q><!-- -->}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using talk quote inline with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Talk quote inline]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | i | italic | q | quotes | title }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> g5tdb7k3a0orj6vs2p9jdep7zj608we 10 9910 35493 2026-07-08T18:12:35Z Avimaarak 3578 '/* {{pp-template}} */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .inline-quote-talk { color: #00B785; } } @media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .inline-quote-talk { color: #00B785; } } .inline-quote-talk { font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #008560; quotes: none; } .inline-quote-talk-italic { font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; }...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35493 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .inline-quote-talk { color: #00B785; } } @media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .inline-quote-talk { color: #00B785; } } .inline-quote-talk { font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #008560; quotes: none; } .inline-quote-talk-italic { font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; } .inline-quote-talk-marks { quotes: '"' '"'; } 3233eyyxk9r6bbf2t05p3a5vwty8pjc 10 9911 35494 2026-07-08T18:13:04Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> <includeonly>{{redirect|Template:Tq|quoting in a block|Template:Talk quote block}}</includeonly> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}} {{Template shortcut|tq|tpq|TQ}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Talk quote inline/styles.css}} Template {{tlx|talk quot...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> <includeonly>{{redirect|Template:Tq|quoting in a block|Template:Talk quote block}}</includeonly> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}} {{Template shortcut|tq|tpq|TQ}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Talk quote inline/styles.css}} Template {{tlx|talk quote inline}} (a.k.a. {{tlc|talk quotation}} or the shortcut {{tlc|tq}}) is used on talk pages (and in Wikipedia process pages, e.g. [[Wikipedia:Noticeboards|noticeboards]]) to highlight a short excerpt of quoted material of other editors' comments or from an article or source. == Usage == To quote a multi-paragraph excerpt or other block content instead of an inline entry, use {{tlx|talk quote block}} (a.k.a. {{tlx|talkquote}} or the shortcut {{tlx|tq2}}) (for "talk quote, option 2"). To format examples, especially when using quotation marks or italics could be confusing and an {{em|inline}} typeface change is needed, use {{tlx|xt}} or one of its subtemplates (used frequently in the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]). By default, the template changes the given text to {{tq|serif typeface and green color}}. The accompanying change in typeface to a serif (roman) or italic type style ({{tq|i=y|example text}}) is to make it fully accessible for those readers with red/green color blindness. This template is not intended for use in articles, and displays an error message if it is used in the article namespace. ===Parameters=== {{para|1}} The text to highlight with the template. As with all templates, when the text, given as the template parameter, contains an equals character (<code>=</code>), prefixing the text with {{para|1}} is {{em|required}} to ensure the character is correctly interpreted as being part of the normal text; otherwise it will break the template. Incorrect usages (no {{para|1}} where needed or outright no text) are tracked in {{clc|Pages incorrectly using the talk quote inline template}}. {{para|italic|yes}} or {{para|i|yes}} will force the content to be {{tq|i=y|green and italicised only}} (no change to serif font style); any value may be used, e.g. {{para|i|y}}. This is typically used inside a block of text that is already serif-styled to make the highlighted text stand out better. {{para|title}} takes text, which cannot be marked up in any way, and displays it as a pop-up "tooltip" (in most browsers) when the cursor hovers over the span. The most common use of this is to provide attribution. {{para|q|yes}} or {{para|quotes|yes}} adds quotation marks around the colored text. === Examples === ; What you write: : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>...when you said, {{tq|Lorem ipsum '''dolor''' sit}}, and, {{tq|consectetur adipiscing elit|i=yes|title=This is a tooltip}}.</syntaxhighlight> ; What you get: : ...when you said, {{tq|Lorem ipsum '''dolor''' sit}}, and, {{tq|consectetur adipiscing elit|i=yes|title=This is a tooltip}}. ; What you write: : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>...when you said, {{tq|Lorem ipsum '''dolor''' sit|q=yes}}, and, {{tq|consectetur adipiscing elit|q=yes|i=yes|title=This is a tooltip}}.</syntaxhighlight> ; What you get: : ...when you said, {{tq|Lorem ipsum '''dolor''' sit|q=yes}}, and, {{tq|consectetur adipiscing elit|q=yes|i=yes|title=This is a tooltip}}. (Run your mouse over the words "consectetur adipiscing elit" and in a second you will see a tooltip pop up next to the mouse cursor which says, "This is a tooltip".) ==Maintenance categories== *{{clc|Pages using talk quote inline with unknown parameters}} *{{clc|Pages incorrectly using the talk quote inline template}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "description": "Text to highlight", "type": "content", "required": true }, "title": { "label": "Title", "description": "Takes text, which cannot be marked up in any way, and displays it as a pop-up \"tooltip\" (in most browsers) when the cursor hovers over the span. The most common use of this is to provide attribution.", "type": "string" }, "italic": { "aliases": [ "i" ], "label": "Italic?", "description": "Makes the content italicised and the same sans-serif font as normal text", "type": "boolean" }, "quotes": { "aliases": [ "q" ], "label": "Quotes?", "description": "Use 'yes' or any non-blank value to add quotation marks around the colored text", "type": "boolean" } }, "description": "Highlights a short excerpt of quoted material of other editors' comments or from an article or source" } </templatedata> {{Quotation templates}} {{Inline talk templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please, and interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Talk namespace quotation templates]] [[Category:Inline talk templates]] [[Category:Inline quotation templates]] }}</includeonly> 5xbc9mkdmcbjna4d461qp3a82j4o5s5 10 9912 35495 2026-07-08T18:17:05Z Avimaarak 3578 '<table class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-template plainlinks noprint" style=" {{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|left | float:left; margin: .3em 1em .3em .3em; | float:right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; }} border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; padding:3px; text-align:center;"><tr><th style="border:none; background:transparent;font-size:85%">Shortcut{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}: <div class="plainlist" style="font-size:120%;font-family:monospac...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35495 wikitext text/x-wiki <table class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-template plainlinks noprint" style=" {{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|left | float:left; margin: .3em 1em .3em .3em; | float:right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; }} border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; padding:3px; text-align:center;"><tr><th style="border:none; background:transparent;font-size:85%">Shortcut{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}: <div class="plainlist" style="font-size:120%;font-family:monospace"> * &#123;&#123;{{{pre|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{1}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|redirect=no}} {{{1}}}] | [[Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre2|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{2}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{2}}}|redirect=no}} {{{2}}}] | [[Template:{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre3|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{3}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{3}}}|redirect=no}} {{{3}}}] | [[Template:{{{3}}}|{{{3}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre4|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{4}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{4}}}|redirect=no}} {{{4}}}] | [[Template:{{{4}}}|{{{4}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre5|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{5}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{5}}}|redirect=no}} {{{5}}}] | [[Template:{{{5}}}|{{{5}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre6|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{6}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{6}}}|redirect=no}} {{{6}}}] | [[Template:{{{6}}}|{{{6}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre7|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{7}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{7}}}|redirect=no}} {{{7}}}] | [[Template:{{{7}}}|{{{7}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre8|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{8}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{8}}}|redirect=no}} {{{8}}}] | [[Template:{{{8}}}|{{{8}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre9|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{9}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{9}}}|redirect=no}} {{{9}}}] | [[Template:{{{9}}}|{{{9}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}| * &#123;&#123;{{{pre10|}}}{{#ifexist: Template:{{{10}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{10}}}|redirect=no}} {{{10}}}] | [[Template:{{{10}}}|{{{10}}}]] }}&#125;&#125;}}</div></th></tr></table><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qkxw23vvifh4sbkpxoh3ywtofc74xsd 10 9913 35496 2026-07-08T18:18:15Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{tsh|tsh}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template shows shortcuts (= redirects) to a template, like the box appearing at the right. {{tl|Tsh}} is a shortcut to {{<nowiki />template shortcut}}. == Usage == ===Which to show?=== Although the template can show up to ten aliases, editors are ''encouraged to choose well'' which ones to display. Even...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tsh|tsh}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template shows shortcuts (= redirects) to a template, like the box appearing at the right. {{tl|Tsh}} is a shortcut to {{<nowiki />template shortcut}}. == Usage == ===Which to show?=== Although the template can show up to ten aliases, editors are ''encouraged to choose well'' which ones to display. Even if many redirects exist, ''two or three at the most'' is almost always enough, and by keeping the number small, it facilitates remembering them, and the situation is kept well organized. List others in the "aliases" section of the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]]. Again, not all of them need to be listed; some shortcuts are there just for historical reasons, and others differ only in whitespaces or in capitalization. Such names are usually better to hide. Place this template at the top of the template documentation page. ===Optional parameters=== This template has several optional parameters: * '''float''' – if set to "left", then the box will float to the left of the page, instead of the default float "right". * '''pre, pre2, pre3 ... up to pre10''' – can be used to show some text before the shortcut links, but within the braces. This is mostly used to indicate that the template should be used with substitution. ==Examples== ===Basic=== For one template shortcut named {{tl|uw-v1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{clear}} To indicate that {{tl|uw-vandalism1}} has three shortcuts named: {{tl|uw-v1}}, {{tl|uw-vand1}}, and {{tl|uw-vandal1}}; then the following code may be used: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} === With additional parameters === Using {{para|float|<var>left</var>}} makes this template flow to the left of the page: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}} {{clear}} Using {{para|pre2|<var>subst:</var>}} and {{para|pre3|<var>subst:</var>}} will show "subst:" before the shortcut links, but within the braces. For example: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == See also == * {{tl|policy shortcut}} – for shortcuts to sections of policy pages * {{tl|shortcut}} – the normal shortcut * {{tl|shortcut-l}} – for left aligned normal shortcuts <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]] [[Category:Template documentation]] </includeonly> qkq5xwt03fh17hygm48vbfcbtyv7hw9 10 9914 35497 2026-07-08T18:24:50Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{short description|Wikimedia project guideline for TemplateStyles}} {{Subcat guideline|editing guideline||WP:TSTYLE|WP:TSTYLES}} '''TemplateStyles''' enable the use of custom [[CSS]] pages to style content without requiring an [[Wikipedia:IADMIN|interface administrator]] to edit sitewide CSS. This feature allows editors to create and maintain template-specific styles, improving flexibility and avoiding the need for g...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Wikimedia project guideline for TemplateStyles}} {{Subcat guideline|editing guideline||WP:TSTYLE|WP:TSTYLES}} '''TemplateStyles''' enable the use of custom [[CSS]] pages to style content without requiring an [[Wikipedia:IADMIN|interface administrator]] to edit sitewide CSS. This feature allows editors to create and maintain template-specific styles, improving flexibility and avoiding the need for global CSS changes, like [[MediaWiki:Common.css]], that could have unintended effects elsewhere on the site. TemplateStyles make it easier to ensure [[Wikipedia:Templates|templates]] display consistently across different [[Wikipedia:Skins|skins]] (for example, [[mw:Skin:Vector/2022|Vector]]) when sitewide CSS rules would otherwise interfere. TemplateStyles work on all types of pages, not only templates, despite the name. == Guidelines == === Limit scope === * Styles must apply only to the associated template's output by using specific [[CSS selector|CSS selectors]]. * Styles may also apply to highly-relevant nearby wikitext where the template is used. (For example, there are many table templates which should have TemplateStyles which are provided entirely in templates, or which may provide a legend to a wikitext table.) It would otherwise be confusing if adding a template to one part of a page were to completely or partially change the display or styling of an unrelated part of the page. === Naming convention === * Style pages must be clearly associated with their templates or modules and named accordingly (e.g. [[Template:Blockquote]] uses [[Template:Blockquote/styles.css]]). * The naming convention is to save the stylesheet for an associated page, template or module in a subpage of said page called {{mono|/styles.css}}. This ensures the page automatically has the correct [[Wikipedia:Content model|content model]] ({{tt|sanitized-css}}) and can be easily identified as a style page. * Style pages should be associated with a specific template/module or group of templates/modules, and named accordingly. This allows style pages to be easily identified and edited. In general, this means that a style page should be a subpage of the related template, e.g. {{mxt|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/styles.css}} or {{mxt|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/styles-{{var|foo}}.css}}, but not {{!mxt|Template:styles-{{var|foo}}.css}} nor {{!mxt|Template:{{var|foo}}.css}}. * A sandbox for a template or module's style page should be associated with its sandbox page by appending {{mono|/styles.css}} to the {{mono|/sandbox}} page. e.g. {{mxt|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/sandbox/styles.css}}, but not {{!mxt|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/styles.css/sandbox}}. === Coding conventions === {{main|mw:Manual:Coding conventions/CSS}} In general, follow MediaWiki CSS coding conventions. Some specifics: * Use specific selectors unique to the template. This reduces the chance of conflicting CSS rules arising accidentally. For example, {{mxt|.{{var|myTemplate}}-row}} rather than {{!mxt|.row}}, and {{mxt|.{{var|myTemplate}} tr}} rather than {{!mxt|tr}}. * Avoid {{!mxt|#id}} selectors where ID is the HTML ID attribute.{{efn|For example, for <syntaxhighlight inline lang=html><table id="wikibase-full-name" class="wikibase-item" /></syntaxhighlight> avoid using <syntaxhighlight inline lang=css>table#wikibase-full-name</syntaxhighlight> but rather <syntaxhighlight inline lang=css>table.wikibase-item</syntaxhighlight>.}} HTML IDs are supposed to be unique on a page. Templates are rarely used uniquely, and those that are initially single-use-per-page are often later used in unanticipated ways. Use classes instead of IDs for styling. * Avoid {{!mxt|!important}} unless absolutely required, except in mobile view to override style input from the associated template. Use of <code>!important</code> is exceptionally difficult to override because of the loading order of styles (personal CSS then TemplateStyles). * In templates that will be [[Wikipedia:Substituted|substituted]], instead of [[Wikipedia:Transcluded|transcluded]], nest the stylesheet inside the second parameter of <code>{{Tl|ifsubst}}</code> to ensure it is ''not included'' when substituted.{{Efn|When a template is substituted, its wikitext is copied directly into the page rather than being transcluded. If the {{tag|templatestyles|c}} tag remains after substitution, this may confuse non-technical users.}} ** For example, {{Tlx|ifsubst|&nbsp;{{!}}&nbsp;<t<nowiki/>emplatestyles src{{=}}"..." />&nbsp;}}, and {{Tl|allcaps}}. Inline styles may be used in the first parameter in a substituted template. Example: {{tl|smallcaps}}. * Only use [[public domain]] images as CSS backgrounds.{{Efn|Images that do not require attribution}} * The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|Protection level]] of the stylesheet must match that of the template. Add <syntaxhighlight inline="" lang="css">/* {{pp-template}} */</syntaxhighlight> to the top of protected CSS pages.{{efn|Any templates using CSS pages with the wrong protection level are categorized in {{Cl|Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level}}. Protected templates using CSS pages that lack the lock icon are categorized in {{Cl|Templates using TemplateStyles without padlocks}}.}} * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] and [[MOS:ACCESS|accessibility guidelines]], such as the guidelines related to [[MOS:COLOR|color contrast]], still apply. == Workflow for conversion == A simplified step-wise workflow to convert inline styles in templates to use a CSS stylesheet with TemplateStyles. <ol> <li> In {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}}}, identify all of the inline styles that can be moved to a separate stylesheet.</li> <li> Create {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/styles.css}} containing all the classes that will replace the inline styles. Use template-specific class names where possible.</li> <li> In {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}}} (or its {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/sandbox}} if you want to test first), add <syntaxhighlight lang=wikitext inline><templatestyles src="myTemplate/styles.css"/></syntaxhighlight> (you do not have to specify the {{mono|Template:}} namespace). It is preferable to include it as the first wikitext, as only the wikitext after it is called will have the styles applied to it. It also ensures that it is prominent and avoids a [[flash of unstyled content]]. <p>It needs to be on its own line if the template starts with wiki markup that must start at the beginning of a line, as is the case with [[Wikitable|wikitables]]:</p> <syntaxhighlight lang=wikitext> <templatestyles src="myTemplate/styles.css"/> {| class="wikitable" |- ... |} </syntaxhighlight></li> <li > Amend the template (or sandbox) to replace the inline styles with the classes you defined in {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/styles.css}}</li> <li> {{tracked|T200704|OPEN}}Do as much checking as you can. If you tested in the sandbox you can check the testcases page where it exists, but specifically check that the styles you affected render properly. * For templates used inline (versus block 'box' content), specifically ensure the template is not transcluded inside a [[Wikipedia:Wikilink|wikilink]]. TemplateStyles of templates will not work inside links ({{as of|2025|lc=true}}).</li> <li> If you used the sandbox, either make an [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|edit request]] or copy the changes across to the main template yourself if you are confident in your changes.</li> <li> Request to have amended or amend the protection level of {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}/styles.css}} to match that of {{mono|Template:{{var|myTemplate}}}} as necessary.</li> <li> Add {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles|{{var|Template:myTemplate/styles.css}}}} to the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template's documentation]].</li></ol> == Tips == * Uses of TemplateStyles stylesheets are recorded just like template transclusion and Scribunto module invocation. [[Special:WhatLinksHere]] and the "Templates used in this preview" section beneath the edit form will work for them in the usual manner. * To search for TemplateStyles stylesheets, you can [[Special:Search/all: contentmodel:sanitized-css|search for {{tt|contentmodel:sanitized-css}}]]. See also [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch#Contentmodel]]. * When {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles}} is placed on a template's documentation, it adds the template to [[:Category:Templates using TemplateStyles]]. If the TemplateStyles stylesheet has a lower protection level, the template will be tracked in [[:Category:Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level]] ({{PAGESINCAT:Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level}} page{{#ifeq:{{PAGESINCAT:Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level}}|1||s}}). * TemplateStyles experiments can be created at [[Template:TemplateStyles sandbox]], e.g. for use in [[Module:Sandbox]] module experiments. * TemplateStyles pages can be created outside of the template or module namespaces by either first creating them in template namespace and moving them (perhaps at [[Template:TemplateStyles sandbox]]), or by using [[Special:ChangeContentModel]] as an admin or template editor. Regardless of what method is used, creating a .css page in userspace can only be done by the user in question or an interface admin, but once it is created anyone can edit it. * Moving a sanitized CSS page will not create a redirect. == Overriding TemplateStyles <span class="anchor" id="Override"></span> == Because of the way TemplateStyles is implemented, overriding TemplateStyles in your personal CSS requires a little more effort than normal. The rules on a specific TemplateStyles sheet are not the full CSS rules, nor can you match the selectors to override them. # Each selector is 'hoisted' to <code>.mw-parser-output</code>, so to override a rule in a TemplateStyles sheet that looks like <code>.documentation {}</code>, a naive override in your personal CSS file would need to look like <code>.mw-parser-output .documentation {}</code>. # However, in the HTML each TemplateStyles style is {{em|always}} placed after your personal CSS file loads. Accordingly, the new rule would need to be more [[CSS#Specificity|specific]]. That can come in a couple ways. The easiest is to select the HTML element also as in: <code>.mw-parser-output div.documentation {}</code>. Another way would be to double one of the class selectors, as in <code>.mw-parser-output.mw-parser-output .documentation {}</code> or <code>.mw-parser-output .documentation.documentation {}</code>. This latter way is a little more future-proof but looks a little weirder. # Lastly, <code>!important</code> can always override styles in your personal CSS. The usual caveats regarding <code>!important</code> apply. Prefer one of the two options in bullet two if possible. (You must do this to override inline styles, regardless of any of the above; some templates cannot move everything to TemplateStyles per the flexibility given to template users. Implementers of templates should consider whether parameters like <code>style</code> and <code>width</code> are actually necessary. See also [[:phab:T200632]].) == Examples == * [[:mw:Help:TemplateStyles/examples]] ** [[:mw:Template:Stylish]] ([[:mw:Template:Stylish/styles.css|CSS]]) ** [[:mw:Template:ResponsiveAmboxExample]] ([[:mw:Template:ResponsiveAmbox/styles.css|CSS]]) * [[Template:Thermometer]] and [[Template:Thermometer/styles.css]] give a simple demonstration of how TemplateStyles may be mixed with inline styles (where a parameter is passed to change one or more styles) == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Lua]] * [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]], where conversion from Common.css, Mobile.css, and skin.css to TemplateStyles is being tracked == Notes == {{notelist}} == External links == * [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles]] * [[mw:Help:TemplateStyles]] [[Category:Wikipedia template guidelines]] [[Category:Wikipedia template help]] 8o8d57foisewgcnxb410vun50vd971r 828 9915 35498 2026-07-08T18:26:54Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Used in system}} {{module rating|p}} {{cascade-protected template|page=module}} {{Lua|Module:Message box/configuration|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments|Module:Category handler}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Message box/ambox.css|Module:Message box/cmbox.css|Module:Message box/fmbox.css|Module:Message box/imbox.css|Module:Message box/ombox.css|Module:Message box/tmbox.css}} This is a meta-module that implements the mes...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Used in system}} {{module rating|p}} {{cascade-protected template|page=module}} {{Lua|Module:Message box/configuration|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments|Module:Category handler}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Message box/ambox.css|Module:Message box/cmbox.css|Module:Message box/fmbox.css|Module:Message box/imbox.css|Module:Message box/ombox.css|Module:Message box/tmbox.css}} This is a meta-module that implements the message box templates {{tl|mbox}}, {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|cmbox}}, {{tl|fmbox}}, {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|ombox}}, and {{tl|tmbox}}. It is intended to be used from Lua modules, and should not be used directly from wiki pages. If you want to use this module's functionality from a wiki page, please use the individual message box templates instead. == Usage == To use this module from another Lua module, first you need to load it. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local messageBox = require('Module:Message box') </syntaxhighlight> To create a message box, use the <code>main</code> function. It takes two parameters: the first is the box type (as a string), and the second is a table containing the message box parameters. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local box = messageBox.main( boxType, { param1 = param1, param2 = param2, -- More parameters... }) </syntaxhighlight> There are seven available box types: {| class="wikitable" ! Box type !! Template !! Purpose |- | <code>mbox</code> || {{tl|mbox}} || For message boxes to be used in multiple namespaces |- | <code>ambox</code> || {{tl|ambox}} || For article message boxes |- | <code>cmbox</code> || {{tl|cmbox}} || For category message boxes |- | <code>fmbox</code> || {{tl|fmbox}} || For interface message boxes |- | <code>imbox</code> || {{tl|imbox}} || For file namespace message boxes |- | <code>tmbox</code> || {{tl|tmbox}} || For talk page message boxes |- | <code>ombox</code> || {{tl|ombox}} || For message boxes in other namespaces |} See the template page of each box type for the available parameters. == Usage from #invoke == As well as the <code>main</code> function, this module has separate functions for each box type. They are accessed using the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box|mbox|...}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box|ambox|...}}</nowiki></code>, etc. These will work when called from other modules, but they access code used to process arguments passed from #invoke, and so calling them will be less efficient than calling <code>main</code>. == Technical details == The module uses the same basic code for each of the templates listed above; the differences between each of them are configured using the data at [[Module:Message box/configuration]]. Here are the various configuration options and what they mean: * <code>types</code> – a table containing data used by the type parameter of the message box. The table keys are the values that can be passed to the type parameter, and the table values are tables containing the class and the image used by that type. * <code>default</code> – the type to use if no value was passed to the type parameter, or if an invalid value was specified. * <code>showInvalidTypeError</code> – whether to show an error if the value passed to the type parameter was invalid. * <code>allowBlankParams</code> – usually blank values are stripped from parameters passed to the module. However, whitespace is preserved for the parameters included in the allowBlankParams table. * <code>allowSmall</code> – whether a small version of the message box can be produced with "small=yes". * <code>smallParam</code> – a custom name for the small parameter. For example, if set to "left" you can produce a small message box using "small=left". * <code>smallClass</code> – the class to use for small message boxes. * <code>substCheck</code> – whether to perform a subst check or not. * <code>classes</code> – an array of classes to use with the message box. * <code>imageEmptyCell</code> – whether to use an empty {{tag|td}} cell if there is no image set. This is used to preserve spacing for message boxes with a width of less than 100% of the screen. * <code>imageEmptyCellStyle</code> – whether empty image cells should be styled. * <code>imageCheckBlank</code> – whether "image=blank" results in no image being displayed. * <code>imageSmallSize</code> – usually, images used in small message boxes are set to 30x30px. This sets a custom size. * <code>imageCellDiv</code> – whether to enclose the image in a div enforcing a maximum image size. * <code>useCollapsibleTextFields</code> – whether to use text fields that can be collapsed, i.e. "issue", "fix", "talk", etc. Currently only used in ambox. * <code>imageRightNone</code> – whether imageright=none results in no image being displayed on the right-hand side of the message box. * <code>sectionDefault</code> – the default name for the "section" parameter. Depends on <code>useCollapsibleTextFields</code>. * <code>allowMainspaceCategories</code> – allow categorisation in the main namespace. * <code>templateCategory</code> – the name of a category to be placed on the template page. * <code>templateCategoryRequireName</code> – whether the <code>name</code> parameter is required to display the template category. * <code>templateErrorCategory</code> – the name of the error category to be used on the template page. * <code>templateErrorParamsToCheck</code> – an array of parameter names to check. If any are absent, the <code>templateErrorCategory</code> is applied to the template page. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Wikipedia modules]] }}</includeonly> 6z0zbnabyeran1jvhnpy4leboi91619 828 9916 35499 2026-07-08T18:29:37Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} Implements [[Template:Multiple image]]. Can be called directly with {{ml|Multiple image|{{!}}''template parameters''}} to reduce article [[WP:PEIS|post-expand include size]]. The module depends on the setting of [[mediawikiwiki:Manual:$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles|$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles]]. {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Multiple image/styles.css}}' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} Implements [[Template:Multiple image]]. Can be called directly with {{ml|Multiple image|{{!}}''template parameters''}} to reduce article [[WP:PEIS|post-expand include size]]. The module depends on the setting of [[mediawikiwiki:Manual:$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles|$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles]]. {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Multiple image/styles.css}} fzyvvuydl2un6y2jjw77bzwmlppg3lu 10 9917 35502 2026-07-08T18:44:42Z Avimaarak 3578 '<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{l...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35502 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki /><!-- See talk page in 2025 for why this newline needs to be here --> </blockquote>|</blockquote>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}| <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> g7n7pv15tnzl05fx3i60b1fldxyxojx 35504 35502 2026-07-08T18:48:04Z Avimaarak 3578 [[खाँचा:Param value]] पे अनुप्रेषित 35504 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Param value]] {{Rcat shell| {{R shortcut}} }} brfkzkf9futzxnw5ien0erejft2lgre 10 9918 35503 2026-07-08T18:45:30Z Avimaarak 3578 '/* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; margin-top: 0; } @media (min-width: 500px) { .templatequotecite { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; } }' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35503 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; margin-top: 0; } @media (min-width: 500px) { .templatequotecite { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; } } 975tzgnvhd5jyqf0ucyxd4w8q6i98j0 10 9919 35505 2026-07-08T18:48:49Z Avimaarak 3578 '<templatestyles src="Template:Param value/styles.css"/><span class="tpl-pval__wrapper"><code class="tpl-pval__code" style="{{#if:{{{border|{{{b|}}}}}}|border:{{{border|{{{b|}}}}}};}} {{#if:{{{bg-color|}}}|background-color: {{{bg-color}}}; color: {{Greater color contrast ratio|{{{bg-color}}}}};}} {{#if:{{{bg|}}}|color: {{Greater color contrast ratio|{{{bg}}}}};}} {{#ifexpr:{{str len|{{{1|}}}}} > 25|white-space: wrap;|}...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35505 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Param value/styles.css"/><span class="tpl-pval__wrapper"><code class="tpl-pval__code" style="{{#if:{{{border|{{{b|}}}}}}|border:{{{border|{{{b|}}}}}};}} {{#if:{{{bg-color|}}}|background-color: {{{bg-color}}}; color: {{Greater color contrast ratio|{{{bg-color}}}}};}} {{#if:{{{bg|}}}|color: {{Greater color contrast ratio|{{{bg}}}}};}} {{#ifexpr:{{str len|{{{1|}}}}} > 25|white-space: wrap;|}} {{{style|}}}">{{replace|{{replace|{{replace|{{replace|{{replace|<includeonly>⊗ϑ{{{1|}}}⊗ϑ</includeonly><noinclude>value</noinclude>| |{{{space|{{{sp|&nbsp;}}}}}}}}|#|&#35;}}|*|&#42;}}|:|&#58;}}|⊗ϑ|}}</code></span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> oyd3jpyy59x812wn9xbrqm63nh7f7d7 10 9920 35506 2026-07-08T18:49:40Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{distinguish|Template:Template parameter value}} {{High-use}} {{tlr|clear=right|pvalue|pval}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Param value/styles.css}} Provides a lightly bordered box to highlight param values on [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|Template documentation]] pages. Especially useful in cases where values may have leading or trailing blanks, or multiple embedded blanks. == Usage...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{distinguish|Template:Template parameter value}} {{High-use}} {{tlr|clear=right|pvalue|pval}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Param value/styles.css}} Provides a lightly bordered box to highlight param values on [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|Template documentation]] pages. Especially useful in cases where values may have leading or trailing blanks, or multiple embedded blanks. == Usage == {{tlc|param value|<var>value</var>}} == Parameters == There is one required positional parameter for the value, and four optional params: three for styling the display, and one replacement parameter for dealing with how to render a blank space: : {{para|1}}{{snd}}the value to be highlighted; required (no default) : {{para|border}}{{snd}}may be used to set border attributes. default: {{param value|thin solid #caa|bg=#f5fcf9}}. Alias: {{para|b}}. : {{para|bg-color}}{{snd}}may be used to set background-color. default: {{param value|white|bg=#f5fcf9}}. Alias: {{para|bg}}. : {{para|style}}{{snd}} may be used to set any [[CSS|CSS style attributes]], with one or more semicolon-separated {{pval|''attribute'':value||bg=#f5fcf9|style=border-radius:3px}} pairs. default:none. : {{para|space}}{{snd}} may be used to make spaces visible. Alias: {{para|sp}}. See [[#Making spaces visible]] below. '''Note on special characters:''' if the value to be highlighted contains an equal sign, it must be escaped: use <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> instead of a bare equal sign character. == Examples == * <code><nowiki>{{param value|2blanks between}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value|2blanks between}} * <code><nowiki>{{param value|2blanks between|space=·}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value|2blanks between|space=·}} * <code><nowiki>{{param value| * : # }}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value| * : # }} * <code><nowiki>{{param value| * : # |border=2px dashed khaki}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value| * : # |border=2px dashed khaki}} * <code><nowiki>{{param value|white|bg=yellow}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value|white|bg=yellow}} * <code><nowiki>{{pvalue|thin solid #caa|bg=#f5fcf9}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{pvalue|thin solid #caa|bg=#f5fcf9}} * <code><nowiki>{{pval|* #|border=thin dashed purple|bg=#ffe6e6|style=border-radius:5px|space=␠}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{pval|* #|border=thin dashed purple|bg=#ffe6e6|style=border-radius:5px|space=␠}} == Making spaces visible == You may make [[Whitespace character|space characters]] visible by replacing them with any character you choose using param {{para|space}}. Here are some characters that have been historically used for this purpose. In these examples, there are two spaces between ''one'' and ''two'': * Space symbol{{snd}}([[Control Pictures#Block|U+2420]] = ␠ ) : <code><nowiki>{{param value|one two|space=␠}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{param value|one two|space=␠}} * [[Blank symbol]]{{snd}}([[Control Pictures#Block|U+2422]] = ␢ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pvalue|one two|space=␢}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pvalue|one two|space=␢}} ** [[Blank symbol]]{{snd}} (smaller: <small>␢</small>) : <code><nowiki>{{pvalue|one two|space=<small>␢</small>}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{param value|one two|space=<small>␢</small>}} * [[Middot]]{{snd}}([[Whitespace character#U+00B7|U+00B7]] = &middot; ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=·}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=·}} * Underbracket{{snd}}([[Miscellaneous Technical#(2380–23BF)|U+23B5]] = ⎵ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=⎵}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=⎵}} * White rectangle{{snd}}([[Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)#U+25A0–U+25CF|U+25AF]] = ▯ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=▯}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=▯}} * [[Undertie]]{{snd}}([[General Punctuation#Block|U+203F]] = ‿ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=‿}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=‿}} == See also == * {{tl|mono}}, monospaced font only * {{tl|code}}, which only provides syntax highlighting, without forbidding line breaks * {{tl|Codett}}, wrapper for this template that removes background and border styling * {{tl|PreCode}}, which forbids line breaks inside the code * {{tl|Syntaxhighlight}} * {{tl|kbd}}, for keyboard input {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> 24cmlto06jjpuufv43g5u6aka1jwmti 10 9921 35507 2026-07-08T18:50:13Z Avimaarak 3578 '/* {{pp-template}} */ .tpl-pval__code { border: thin solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); background-color: var(--color-inverted, #fff); color: inherit; white-space: nowrap; }' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35507 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .tpl-pval__code { border: thin solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); background-color: var(--color-inverted, #fff); color: inherit; white-space: nowrap; } fqg9qh88nnemm62ynyo3np3cozsa2f2 10 9922 35508 2026-07-08T18:52:27Z Avimaarak 3578 '|{{tl|{{{1}}}}} |{{{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> ---- '''Tlr''': '''T'''emplate '''l'''ist '''r'''ow Creates a row for a table that lists templates and shows an example. It is recommended that you '''[[WP:SUB|subst]]''' this template. ; Code <pre> {|border='1' |- {{subst:Tlr|userbox}} |- {{subst:Tlr|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow}} |- {{subst:Tlrp|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow|ou}} |} </pre> ; Output <p...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35508 wikitext text/x-wiki |{{tl|{{{1}}}}} |{{{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> ---- '''Tlr''': '''T'''emplate '''l'''ist '''r'''ow Creates a row for a table that lists templates and shows an example. It is recommended that you '''[[WP:SUB|subst]]''' this template. ; Code <pre> {|border='1' |- {{subst:Tlr|userbox}} |- {{subst:Tlr|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow}} |- {{subst:Tlrp|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow|ou}} |} </pre> ; Output <pre> {|border='1' |- |{{tl|userbox}} |{{userbox}} |- |{{[[User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow]]}} |{{User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow}} |- |{{tlp|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow|ou}} |{{User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow|ou}} |} </pre> ; Result {|border='1' |- {{Tlr|userbox}} |- {{Tlr|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow}} |- {{Tlrp|User:Richard0612/Userbox Archive/rainbow|ou}} |} == See also == :{{lts|Tlrp}} :{{lts|Tlrp2}} [[Category:Table and column templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5oikshc57vl12g3b4e1bi05tgmdb5fb 10 9923 35515 2026-07-08T19:38:30Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Infobox settlement | name = {{{name|}}} | official_name = {{{official_name|}}}<noinclude>{{#if:{{{former|{{{former|}}}}}}|yes}}</noinclude> | settlement_type = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|[[States and union territories of India|{{{type}}}]]|[[States and union territories of India|राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|<div style="padding:...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{{name|}}} | official_name = {{{official_name|}}}<noinclude>{{#if:{{{former|{{{former|}}}}}}|yes}}</noinclude> | settlement_type = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|[[States and union territories of India|{{{type}}}]]|[[States and union territories of India|राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|<div style="padding:3px">{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}–{{{year_end}}}}} </div>}}}} | image_skyline = {{{image_skyline|}}} | imagesize = {{{imagesize|270}}} | image_alt = {{{image_alt|{{{name|}}} के छापन का संग्रह}}} | image_caption = {{{image_caption|}}} | image_seal = {{{image_seal|}}} | seal_size = {{{seal_size|125}}} | seal_alt = {{{name|}}} का आधिकारिक निसान | seal_type = {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|[[Emblem of {{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}} का निसान]]|[[List of Indian state emblems|{{{name|}}} का निसान]]}} | etymology = {{{etymology|}}} | nickname = {{{nickname|}}} | motto_link = List of Indian state mottos | motto = {{{motto|}}} | mottoes = | anthem_link = List of Indian state songs | anthem = {{{anthem|}}} | image_map = {{{image_map|}}} | mapsize = 300 | map_alt = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}| भारत का नक्सा जेहमा {{{name|}}} देखाय पड़त है}} | map_caption = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}|भारत मा {{{name|}}} का अस्थान}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = भारत | subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India|क्षेत्र]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|[[{{{region|}}}]]}} | established_title1 = <div style="height:0px"></div> | established_date1 = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | label1 = पहिले रहै | data1 = {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}[[{{{before_was|}}}]]|{{{before_was|}}}}} | rowclass2 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}|mergedrow}} | label2 = {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|गढन}} | data2 = {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{{formation_date4|}}}}} | rowclass3 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}|mergedrow}} | label3 = संघ मा सामिल | data3 = {{{formation_date|}}} | rowclass4 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}{{{formation_date|}}}|mergedrow}} | label4 = केंद्रशासित प्रदेश के रूप मा | data4 = {{{formation_date1|}}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = राज्य के रूप मा | data5 = {{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2|}}}|formation1||{{{formation_date2|}}}}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = बँटवारा | data6 = {{#ifeq:{{{formation_date3|}}}|formation||{{{formation_date3|}}}}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = मिलाव | data7 = {{{consolidation|}}} | rowclass8 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}{{{formation_date|}}}{{{formation_date1|}}}{{{formation_date2|}}}{{{formation_date3|}}}|mergedrow}} {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|mergedrow}} | label8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = समाप्ती | #default = {{#if:{{{formation_date2|}}}{{{formation_date3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date3}}}|formation|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[List of Indian state foundation days|बँटवारा ते]])}}|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2}}}|formation1|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[List of Indian state foundation days|राज्य के रूप मा]])}}|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]}} }} }} | data8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{{dissolution|}}}| #default = {{{formation_date4|}}} }} }} | seat_type = {{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital|[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|राजधानी]]<br/>{{nobold|[[List of cities in India by population|अउर सबते बड़ सहर]]}}|[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|राजधानी]]}} | seat = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|[[{{{capital|}}}]]|{{{capital|}}}}}{{#if:{{{winter_capital|}}}| <br/> [[{{{winter_capital|}}}]] (जाड़ा)}} | seat1_type = [[List of cities in India by population|सबते बड़ सहर]] | seat1 = {{#if:{{{largestcity|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital||[[{{{largestcity|}}}]]}}}} | seat2_type = [[List of metropolitan areas in India|सबते बड़ मेट्रो]] | seat2 = {{#if:{{{metro|}}}|[[{{{metro|}}}]]}} | parts_type = [[List of districts in India|जिला]] | parts_style = | parts = {{{districts|}}} | government_footnotes = {{{government_footnotes|}}} | government_type = {{#ifexist:{{{government_type|}}}|[[{{{government_type|}}}]]|{{{government_type|}}}}} | governing_body = {{#if:{{{governor|}}}{{{chief_minister|}}}{{{party|}}}{{{lt_governor|}}}{{{administrator|}}}{{{chief_secretary|}}}{{{judiciary|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Punjab|[[Government of Punjab, India|पंजाब सरकार]]|[[Government of {{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}} सरकार]]}}}} | leader_title = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|राज्यपाल}} | #default = [[{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|Punjab|List of governors of Punjab, India|List of governors of {{{name}}}}}|राज्यपाल]] }} | leader_name = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedrow | data1 = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{govfirst_year|}}} |{{{gov_first|}}} |{{{govlast_year|}}} |{{{gov_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{governor|}}}|{{{governor|}}}}} }} | leader_title1 = [[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian lieutenant governors|उपराज्यपाल]] | leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{lt_governor|}}}|{{{lt_governor|}}}}} | leader_title2 = {{if|eq|{{{name}}}|Punjab|[[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|मुख्यमंत्री]] | {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}}|मुख्यमंत्री}} | #default = [[Chief Minister of {{{name}}}|मुख्यमंत्री]] }} }} | leader_name2 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass3 = mergedrow | data3 = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}} | {{Infobox country/multirow|{{{cmfirst_year|}}} |{{{cm_first|}}} |{{{cmlast_year|}}} |{{{cm_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{chief_minister|}}}{{{CM|}}}|{{{CM|{{{chief_minister|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{party|}}}|({{{party|}}})}} }} | leader_title3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|[[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian administrators|प्रसासक]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} }} | leader_name3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|{{{deputy_cm|}}}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}}} | #default = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|{{{deputy_cm|}}}}} }} | leader_title4 = [[Chief secretary (India)|मुख्य सचिव]] | leader_name4 = {{#if:{{{chief_secretary|}}}|{{{chief_secretary|}}}}} | government_blank1_title = | government_blank1 = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | label1 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[Legislature|बिधानमंडल]]}} | State = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[State Legislature|राज्य बिधानमंडल]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|बिधानमंडल}} }} | data1 = <b>{{{legislature_type|}}}</b> | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[State legislative councils of India|परिसद]] | data2 = {{{council|}}} {{#if:{{{council_seats|}}}|([[{{{name|}}} Legislative Council|{{{council_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[State legislative assemblies of India|बिधानसभा]] | data3 = {{{assembly|}}} {{#if:{{{assembly_seats|}}}|([[List of constituencies of the {{{name|}}} Legislative Assembly|{{{assembly_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = राष्ट्रीय संसद | data4 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|<b>[[Parliament of India|भारत का संसद]]</b>}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Rajya Sabha|राज्यसभा]] | data5 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha #{{{name|}}}|{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Lok Sabha|लोकसभा]] | data6 = {{#if:{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#{{{name|}}}|{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = [[High courts of India|उच्च न्यायालय]] | data7 = {{#if:{{{judiciary|}}}|{{{judiciary|}}}}} }} }} | area_footnotes = {{{area_footnotes|}}} | area_total_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}} | area_total_sq_mi = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} | area_rank = {{#if:{{{area_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by area|{{{area_rank|}}}]]}} | length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | elevation_footnotes = {{{elevation_footnotes|}}} | elevation_m = {{{elevation_m|}}} | elevation_ft = {{{elevation_ft|}}} | elevation_max_m = {{{elevation_max_m|}}} | elevation_max_ft = {{{elevation_max_ft|}}} | elevation_max_point = {{{elevation_max_point|}}} | elevation_min_m = {{{elevation_min_m|}}} | elevation_min_ft = {{{elevation_min_ft|}}} | elevation_min_point = {{{elevation_min_point|}}} | population_footnotes = {{{population_footnotes|}}} | population_total = {{{population_total|}}} | population_as_of = {{{population_as_of|}}} | population_rank = {{#if:{{{population_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by population|{{{population_rank|}}}]]}} | population_density_km2 = {{{population_density|}}} {{#if:{{{population_density|}}}|{{{density_rank|}}}}} | population_density_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = सहरी | population_blank1 = {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}|{{{population_urban|}}}}} | population_blank2_title = देहाती | population_blank2 = {{#if:{{{population_rural|}}}|{{{population_rural|}}}}} | population_demonym = {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}|{{{population_demonym oc2vtgn6fot4842fv6d8mk2wnweoeyn 35516 35515 2026-07-08T19:44:52Z Avimaarak 3578 35516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{{name|}}} | official_name = {{{official_name|}}}<noinclude>{{#if:{{{former|{{{former|}}}}}}|yes}}</noinclude> | settlement_type = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|[[States and union territories of India|{{{type}}}]]|[[States and union territories of India|राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|<div style="padding:3px">{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}–{{{year_end}}}}} </div>}}}} | image_skyline = {{{image_skyline|}}} | imagesize = {{{imagesize|270}}} | image_alt = {{{image_alt|{{{name|}}} के छापन का संग्रह}}} | image_caption = {{{image_caption|}}} | image_seal = {{{image_seal|}}} | seal_size = {{{seal_size|125}}} | seal_alt = {{{name|}}} का आधिकारिक निसान | seal_type = {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|[[Emblem of {{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}} का निसान]]|[[List of Indian state emblems|{{{name|}}} का निसान]]}} | etymology = {{{etymology|}}} | nickname = {{{nickname|}}} | motto = {{{motto|}}} | mottoes = | anthem = {{{anthem|}}} | image_map = {{{image_map|}}} | mapsize = 300 | map_alt = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}| भारत का नक्सा जेहमा {{{name|}}} देखाय पड़त है}} | map_caption = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}|भारत मा {{{name|}}} का अस्थान}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = भारत | subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India|छेत्र]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|[[{{{region|}}}]]}} | established_title1 = <div style="height:0px"></div> | established_date1 = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | label1 = पहिले रहै | data1 = {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}[[{{{before_was|}}}]]|{{{before_was|}}}}} | rowclass2 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}|mergedrow}} | label2 = {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|गढन}} | data2 = {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{{formation_date4|}}}}} | rowclass3 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}|mergedrow}} | label3 = संघ मा सामिल | data3 = {{{formation_date|}}} | rowclass4 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}{{{formation_date|}}}|mergedrow}} | label4 = केंद्रसासित परदेस के रूप मा | data4 = {{{formation_date1|}}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = राज्य के रूप मा | data5 = {{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2|}}}|formation1||{{{formation_date2|}}}}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = बँटवारा | data6 = {{#ifeq:{{{formation_date3|}}}|formation||{{{formation_date3|}}}}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = मिलाव | data7 = {{{consolidation|}}} | rowclass8 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}{{{formation_date|}}}{{{formation_date1|}}}{{{formation_date2|}}}{{{formation_date3|}}}|mergedrow}} {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|mergedrow}} | label8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = समाप्ती | #default = {{#if:{{{formation_date2|}}}{{{formation_date3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date3}}}|formation|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[List of Indian state foundation days|बँटवारा ते]])}}|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2}}}|formation1|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[List of Indian state foundation days|राज्य के रूप मा]])}}|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]}} }} }} | data8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{{dissolution|}}}| #default = {{{formation_date4|}}} }} }} | seat_type = {{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital|[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|राजधानी]]<br/>{{nobold|[[List of cities in India by population|अउर सबते बड़ सहर]]}}|[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|राजधानी]]}} | seat = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|[[{{{capital|}}}]]|{{{capital|}}}}}{{#if:{{{winter_capital|}}}| <br/> [[{{{winter_capital|}}}]] (जाड़ा)}} | seat1_type = [[List of cities in India by population|सबते बड़ सहर]] | seat1 = {{#if:{{{largestcity|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital||[[{{{largestcity|}}}]]}}}}{{#if:{{{metro|}}}|<br/>'''सबते बड़ मेट्रो:''' [[{{{metro|}}}]]}} | parts_type = [[List of districts in India|जिला]] | parts_style = | parts = {{{districts|}}} | government_footnotes = {{{government_footnotes|}}} | government_type = {{#ifexist:{{{government_type|}}}|[[{{{government_type|}}}]]|{{{government_type|}}}}} | governing_body = {{#if:{{{governor|}}}{{{chief_minister|}}}{{{party|}}}{{{lt_governor|}}}{{{administrator|}}}{{{chief_secretary|}}}{{{judiciary|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Punjab|[[Government of Punjab, India|पंजाब सरकार]]|[[Government of {{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}} सरकार]]}}}} | leader_title = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|राज्यपाल}} | #default = [[{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|Punjab|List of governors of Punjab, India|List of governors of {{{name}}}}}|राज्यपाल]] }} | leader_name = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedrow | data1 = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{govfirst_year|}}} |{{{gov_first|}}} |{{{govlast_year|}}} |{{{gov_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{governor|}}}|{{{governor|}}}}} }} | leader_title1 = [[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian lieutenant governors|उपराज्यपाल]] | leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{lt_governor|}}}|{{{lt_governor|}}}}} | leader_title2 = {{if|eq|{{{name}}}|Punjab|[[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|मुख्यमंत्री]] | {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}}|मुख्यमंत्री}} | #default = [[Chief Minister of {{{name}}}|मुख्यमंत्री]] }} }} | leader_name2 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass3 = mergedrow | data3 = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}} | {{Infobox country/multirow|{{{cmfirst_year|}}} |{{{cm_first|}}} |{{{cmlast_year|}}} |{{{cm_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{chief_minister|}}}{{{CM|}}}|{{{CM|{{{chief_minister|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{party|}}}|({{{party|}}})}} }} | leader_title3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|[[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian administrators|प्रसासक]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} }} | leader_name3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|{{{deputy_cm|}}}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}}} | #default = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|{{{deputy_cm|}}}}} }} | leader_title4 = [[Chief secretary (India)|मुख्य सचिव]] | leader_name4 = {{#if:{{{chief_secretary|}}}|{{{chief_secretary|}}}}} | government_blank1_title = | government_blank1 = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | label1 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[Legislature|बिधानमंडल]]}} | State = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[State Legislature|राज्य बिधानमंडल]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|बिधानमंडल}} }} | data1 = <b>{{{legislature_type|}}}</b> | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[State legislative councils of India|परिसद]] | data2 = {{{council|}}} {{#if:{{{council_seats|}}}|([[{{{name|}}} Legislative Council|{{{council_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[State legislative assemblies of India|बिधानसभा]] | data3 = {{{assembly|}}} {{#if:{{{assembly_seats|}}}|([[List of constituencies of the {{{name|}}} Legislative Assembly|{{{assembly_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = राष्ट्रीय संसद | data4 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|<b>[[Parliament of India|भारत का संसद]]</b>}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Rajya Sabha|राज्यसभा]] | data5 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha #{{{name|}}}|{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Lok Sabha|लोकसभा]] | data6 = {{#if:{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#{{{name|}}}|{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = [[High courts of India|उच्च न्यायालय]] | data7 = {{#if:{{{judiciary|}}}|{{{judiciary|}}}}} }} }} | area_footnotes = {{{area_footnotes|}}} | area_total_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}} | area_total_sq_mi = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} | area_rank = {{#if:{{{area_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by area|{{{area_rank|}}}]]}} | length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | elevation_footnotes = {{{elevation_footnotes|}}} | elevation_m = {{{elevation_m|}}} | elevation_ft = {{{elevation_ft|}}} | elevation_max_m = {{{elevation_max_m|}}} | elevation_max_ft = {{{elevation_max_ft|}}} | elevation_max_point = {{{elevation_max_point|}}} | elevation_min_m = {{{elevation_min_m|}}} | elevation_min_ft = {{{elevation_min_ft|}}} | elevation_min_point = {{{elevation_min_point|}}} | population_footnotes = {{{population_footnotes|}}} | population_total = {{{population_total|}}} | population_as_of = {{{population_as_of|}}} | population_rank = {{#if:{{{population_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by population|{{{population_rank|}}}]]}} | population_density_km2 = {{{population_density|}}} {{#if:{{{population_density|}}}|{{{density_rank|}}}}} | population_density_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = सहरी | population_blank1 = {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}|{{{population_urban|}}}}} | population_blank2_title = देहाती | population_blank2 = {{#if:{{{population_rural|}}}|{{{population_rural|}}}}} | population_demonym = {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}|{{{population_demonym|}}}}} | population_demonyms = | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{official_langs|}}}{{{additional_official|}}}{{{official_script|}}}{{{ethnicity|}}}|भासा}} | demographics1_title1 = [[Languages with official status in India|आधिकारिक]] {{#if:{{{official_langs|}}}}} | demographics1_info1 = {{{official_langs|}}} | demographics1_title2 = [[Languages with official status in India|अउर आधिकारिक]] {{#if:{{{additional_official|}}}}} | demographics1_info2 = {{{additional_official|}}} | demographics1_title3 = [[Official scripts of the Indian Republic|आधिकारिक लिपि]] {{#if:{{{official_script|}}}}} | demographics1_info3 = {{{official_script|}}} | demographics1_title4 = {{#if:{{{ethnicity|}}}|जातीय समूह}} | demographics1_info4 = {{{ethnicity|}}} | demographics_type2 = {{#if:{{{GDP_rank|}}}{{{GDP_total|}}}{{{GDP_per_capita|}}}|[[GDP|जीडीपी (GDP)]]}} | demographics2_footnotes = {{{GDP_footnotes|}}} | demographics2_title1 = कुल {{#if:{{{GDP_year}}}|{{nobold|({{{GDP_year}}})}}}} | demographics2_info1 = {{#if:{{{GDP_total|}}}|{{{GDP_total|}}}}} | demographics2_title2 = दर्जा | demographics2_info2 = {{#if:{{{GDP_rank|}}}|[[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|{{{GDP_rank|}}}]]}} | demographics2_title3 = प्रति मनई | demographics2_info3 = {{{GDP_per_capita|}}} {{#if:{{{GDP_per_capita_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|{{{GDP_per_capita_rank|}}}]])}} | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|भारतीय 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{{#if:{{{sexratio_rank|}}}|([[List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio|{{{sexratio_rank|}}}]])}} | website = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|{{URL|1={{{website|}}}}}}} | module ={{#switch:{{{former}}}| yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | data1 = {{#if:{{{p1}}}{{{s1}}} |{{Infobox country/formernext|flag_p1 = {{{flag_p1|}}} |image_p1 = {{{image_p1|}}} |p1 = {{{p1|}}} |flag_p2 ={{{flag_p2|}}} |image_p2 = {{{image_p2|}}} |p2 = {{{p2|}}} |flag_p3={{{flag_p3|}}} |image_p3 = {{{image_p3|}}} |p3 = {{{p3|}}} |flag_p4 = {{{flag_p4|}}} | image_p4= {{{image_p4|}}} | p4={{{p4|}}} |flag_p5 = {{{flag_p5|}}} |image_p5 = {{{image_p5|}}} |p5 = {{{p5|}}} ||flag_s1={{{flag_s1|}}} |image_s1 = {{{image_s1|}}} | s1 = {{{s1|}}}|flag_s2 = {{{flag_s2|}}} |image_s2 = {{{image_s2|}}} |s2 = {{{s2|}}} |flag_s3 = {{{flag_s3|}}} |image_s3 = {{{image_s3|}}} |s3 = {{{s3|}}} |flag_s4 = {{{flag_s4|}}} |image_s4={{{image_s4|}}} |s4 = {{{s4|}}} |flag_s5 = {{{flag_s5|}}} |image_s5 = {{{image_s5|}}} 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{{{official_name|}}}<noinclude>{{#if:{{{former|{{{former|}}}}}}|yes}}</noinclude> | settlement_type = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|[[States and union territories of India|{{{type}}}]]|[[States and union territories of India|राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|<div style="padding:3px">{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}–{{{year_end}}}}} </div>}}}} | image_skyline = {{{image_skyline|}}} | imagesize = {{{imagesize|270}}} | image_alt = {{{image_alt|{{{name|}}} के छापन का संग्रह}}} | image_caption = {{{image_caption|}}} | image_seal = {{{image_seal|}}} | seal_size = {{{seal_size|125}}} | seal_alt = {{{name|}}} का आधिकारिक निसान | seal_type = {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|[[Emblem of {{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}} का निसान]]|[[List of Indian state emblems|{{{name|}}} का निसान]]}} | etymology = {{{etymology|}}} | nickname = {{{nickname|}}} | motto = {{{motto|}}} | mottoes = | anthem = {{{anthem|}}} | image_map = {{{image_map|}}} | mapsize = 300 | map_alt = 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days|गढन]]}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2}}}|formation1|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[List of Indian state foundation days|राज्य के रूप मा]])}}|[[List of Indian state foundation days|गढन]]}} }} }} | data8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{{dissolution|}}}| #default = {{{formation_date4|}}} }} }} | seat_type = {{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital|[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|राजधानी]]<br/>{{nobold|[[List of cities in India by population|अउर सबते बड़ सहर]]}}|[[List of state and union territory capitals in India|राजधानी]]}} | seat = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|[[{{{capital|}}}]]|{{{capital|}}}}}{{#if:{{{winter_capital|}}}| <br/> [[{{{winter_capital|}}}]] (जाड़ा)}} | seat1_type = [[List of cities in India by population|सबते बड़ सहर]] | seat1 = {{#if:{{{largestcity|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital||[[{{{largestcity|}}}]]}}}}{{#if:{{{metro|}}}|<br/>'''सबते बड़ मेट्रो:''' [[{{{metro|}}}]]}} | parts_type = [[List of districts in India|जिला]] | parts_style = | parts = {{{districts|}}} | government_footnotes = {{{government_footnotes|}}} | government_type = {{#ifexist:{{{government_type|}}}|[[{{{government_type|}}}]]|{{{government_type|}}}}} | governing_body = {{#if:{{{governor|}}}{{{chief_minister|}}}{{{party|}}}{{{lt_governor|}}}{{{administrator|}}}{{{chief_secretary|}}}{{{judiciary|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Punjab|[[Government of Punjab, India|पंजाब सरकार]]|[[Government of {{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}} सरकार]]}}}} | leader_title = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|राज्यपाल}} | #default = [[{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|Punjab|List of governors of Punjab, India|List of governors of {{{name}}}}}|राज्यपाल]] }} | leader_name = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedrow | data1 = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{govfirst_year|}}} |{{{gov_first|}}} |{{{govlast_year|}}} |{{{gov_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{governor|}}}|{{{governor|}}}}} }} | leader_title1 = [[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian lieutenant governors|उपराज्यपाल]] | leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{lt_governor|}}}|{{{lt_governor|}}}}} | leader_title2 = {{if|eq|{{{name}}}|Punjab|[[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|मुख्यमंत्री]] | {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}}|मुख्यमंत्री}} | #default = [[Chief Minister of {{{name}}}|मुख्यमंत्री]] }} }} | leader_name2 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass3 = mergedrow | data3 = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}} | {{Infobox country/multirow|{{{cmfirst_year|}}} |{{{cm_first|}}} |{{{cmlast_year|}}} |{{{cm_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{chief_minister|}}}{{{CM|}}}|{{{CM|{{{chief_minister|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{party|}}}|({{{party|}}})}} }} | leader_title3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|[[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian administrators|प्रसासक]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} }} | leader_name3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|{{{deputy_cm|}}}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}}} | #default = {{#if:{{{deputy_cm|}}}|{{{deputy_cm|}}}}} }} | leader_title4 = [[Chief secretary (India)|मुख्य सचिव]] | leader_name4 = {{#if:{{{chief_secretary|}}}|{{{chief_secretary|}}}}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | label1 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[Legislature|बिधानमंडल]]}} | State = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[State Legislature|राज्य बिधानमंडल]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|बिधानमंडल}} }} | data1 = <b>{{{legislature_type|}}}</b> | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[State legislative councils of India|परिसद]] | data2 = {{{council|}}} {{#if:{{{council_seats|}}}|([[{{{name|}}} Legislative Council|{{{council_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[State legislative assemblies of India|बिधानसभा]] | data3 = {{{assembly|}}} {{#if:{{{assembly_seats|}}}|([[List of constituencies of the {{{name|}}} Legislative Assembly|{{{assembly_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = राष्ट्रीय संसद | data4 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|<b>[[Parliament of India|भारत का संसद]]</b>}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Rajya Sabha|राज्यसभा]] | data5 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha #{{{name|}}}|{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Lok Sabha|लोकसभा]] | data6 = {{#if:{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#{{{name|}}}|{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = [[High courts of India|उच्च न्यायालय]] | data7 = {{#if:{{{judiciary|}}}|{{{judiciary|}}}}} }} }} | area_footnotes = {{{area_footnotes|}}} | area_total_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}} | area_total_sq_mi = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} | area_rank = {{#if:{{{area_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by area|{{{area_rank|}}}]]}} | length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | elevation_footnotes = {{{elevation_footnotes|}}} | elevation_m = {{{elevation_m|}}} | elevation_ft = {{{elevation_ft|}}} | elevation_max_m = {{{elevation_max_m|}}} | elevation_max_ft = {{{elevation_max_ft|}}} | elevation_max_point = {{{elevation_max_point|}}} | elevation_min_m = {{{elevation_min_m|}}} | elevation_min_ft = {{{elevation_min_ft|}}} | elevation_min_point = {{{elevation_min_point|}}} | population_footnotes = {{{population_footnotes|}}} | population_total = {{{population_total|}}} | population_as_of = {{{population_as_of|}}} | population_rank = {{#if:{{{population_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by population|{{{population_rank|}}}]]}} | population_density_km2 = {{{population_density|}}} {{#if:{{{population_density|}}}|{{{density_rank|}}}}} | population_density_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = सहरी | population_blank1 = {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}|{{{population_urban|}}}}} | population_blank2_title = देहाती | population_blank2 = {{#if:{{{population_rural|}}}|{{{population_rural|}}}}} | population_demonym = {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}|{{{population_demonym|}}}}} | population_demonyms = | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{official_langs|}}}{{{additional_official|}}}{{{official_script|}}}{{{ethnicity|}}}|भासा}} | demographics1_title1 = [[Languages with official status in India|आधिकारिक]] {{#if:{{{official_langs|}}}}} | demographics1_info1 = {{{official_langs|}}} | demographics1_title2 = [[Languages with official status in India|अउर आधिकारिक]] {{#if:{{{additional_official|}}}}} | demographics1_info2 = {{{additional_official|}}} | demographics1_title3 = [[Official scripts of the Indian Republic|आधिकारिक लिपि]] {{#if:{{{official_script|}}}}} | demographics1_info3 = {{{official_script|}}} | demographics1_title4 = {{#if:{{{ethnicity|}}}|जातीय समूह}} | demographics1_info4 = {{{ethnicity|}}} | demographics_type2 = {{#if:{{{GDP_rank|}}}{{{GDP_total|}}}{{{GDP_per_capita|}}}|[[GDP|जीडीपी (GDP)]]}} | demographics2_footnotes = {{{GDP_footnotes|}}} | demographics2_title1 = कुल {{#if:{{{GDP_year}}}|{{nobold|({{{GDP_year}}})}}}} | demographics2_info1 = {{#if:{{{GDP_total|}}}|{{{GDP_total|}}}}} | demographics2_title2 = दर्जा | demographics2_info2 = {{#if:{{{GDP_rank|}}}|[[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|{{{GDP_rank|}}}]]}} | demographics2_title3 = प्रति मनई | demographics2_info3 = {{{GDP_per_capita|}}} {{#if:{{{GDP_per_capita_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|{{{GDP_per_capita_rank|}}}]])}} | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|भारतीय मानक समय (IST)]] | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | iso_code = {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}|[[ISO 3166-2:IN|{{{iso_code}}}]]}} | registration_plate_type = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India|गाड़ी पंजीकरण]] | registration_plate = {{{registration_plate|}}} | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|एचडीआई (HDI)]] {{#if:{{{HDI_year|}}}|{{nobold|({{{HDI_year|}}})}}}} | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{HDI|}}}|{{{HDI|}}}}} {{#if:{{{HDI_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index|{{{HDI_rank|}}}]])}} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Literacy|साक्षरता]] {{#if:{{{literacy_year|}}}|{{nobold|({{{literacy_year|}}})}}}} | blank1_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{literacy|}}}|{{{literacy|}}}}} {{#if:{{{literacy_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate|{{{literacy_rank|}}}]])}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Sex ratio|लिंगानुपात]] {{#if:{{{sexratio_year|}}}|{{nobold|({{{sexratio_year|}}})}}}} | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{sex_ratio|}}}|{{{sex_ratio|}}}}} {{#if:{{{sexratio_rank|}}}|([[List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio|{{{sexratio_rank|}}}]])}} | website = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|{{URL|1={{{website|}}}}}}} | blank_name_sec3 = | blank_info_sec3 ={{#switch:{{{former}}}| yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | data1 = {{#if:{{{p1}}}{{{s1}}} |{{Infobox country/formernext|flag_p1 = {{{flag_p1|}}} |image_p1 = {{{image_p1|}}} |p1 = {{{p1|}}} |flag_p2 ={{{flag_p2|}}} |image_p2 = {{{image_p2|}}} |p2 = {{{p2|}}} |flag_p3={{{flag_p3|}}} |image_p3 = {{{image_p3|}}} |p3 = {{{p3|}}} |flag_p4 = {{{flag_p4|}}} | image_p4= {{{image_p4|}}} | p4={{{p4|}}} |flag_p5 = {{{flag_p5|}}} |image_p5 = {{{image_p5|}}} |p5 = {{{p5|}}} ||flag_s1={{{flag_s1|}}} |image_s1 = {{{image_s1|}}} | s1 = {{{s1|}}}|flag_s2 = {{{flag_s2|}}} |image_s2 = {{{image_s2|}}} |s2 = {{{s2|}}} |flag_s3 = {{{flag_s3|}}} |image_s3 = {{{image_s3|}}} |s3 = {{{s3|}}} |flag_s4 = {{{flag_s4|}}} |image_s4={{{image_s4|}}} |s4 = {{{s4|}}} |flag_s5 = {{{flag_s5|}}} |image_s5 = {{{image_s5|}}} |s5 = {{{s5|}}}}} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{song|}}}{{{foundation_day|}}}{{{mammal|}}}{{{bird|}}}{{{fish|}}}{{{butterfly|}}}{{{flower|}}}{{{tree|}}}{{{fruit|}}}|{{Infobox place symbols | embedded = yes | region = {{{name|}}} | country = India | image_emblem = {{{image_seal|}}} | image_emblem_size = 80 | song = {{{anthem|}}} | foundation_day = {{#if:{{{foundation_day|}}}|[[{{{foundation_day|}}}]]}} | mammal = {{{mammal|}}} | bird = {{{bird|}}} | fish = {{{fish|}}} | butterfly = {{{butterfly|}}} | flower = {{{flower|}}} | tree = {{{tree|}}} | fruit = {{{fruit|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{image_highway|}}}{{{image_size_highway|}}}{{{sh_numbers|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | data1 = <b>राज्य राजमार्ग निसान</b> | rowclass2 = mergedrow | data2 ={{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage | image={{{image_highway|}}} | size={{{image_size_highway|}}} | sizedefault=90px }} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | data3 = {{{name|}}} का राज्य राजमार्ग <br/> {{{sh_numbers|}}} }}}} }} {{#if:{{{song|}}}{{{language|}}}{{{foundation_day|}}}{{{mammal|}}}{{{bird|}}}{{{fish|}}}{{{butterfly|}}}{{{flower|}}}{{{tree|}}}{{{fruit|}}}{{{image_highway|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes |rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | data1 = {{#switch:{{{type}}}| State = [[List of Indian state symbols|भारतीय राज्य के निसान के सूची]] | Union Territory = [[List of Indian state symbols#Union territories|केंद्रसासित परदेस के निसान के सूची]] | #default = [[List of Indian state symbols|भारतीय राज्य अउर केंद्रसासित परदेस के निसान के सूची]]}} }}}} | footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}} }}<noinclude>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox Indian state or territory with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox Indian state or territory]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| |name |official_name |former |image_skyline |imagesize |image_alt |image_caption |type |image_seal |seal_size |seal_type |etymology |nickname |motto |anthem |image_map |mapsize |map_caption |map_alt |coordinates |region |before_was |today |formation_date |formation_date1 |formation_date2 |formation_date3 |formation_date4 | consolidation | dissolution |capital |winter_capital |largestcity |metro |districts |government_footnotes |government_type |governor |chief_minister |party |lt_governor |administrator |deputy_cm |chief_secretary |judiciary |legislature_type |council |council_seats |assembly |assembly_seats |rajya_sabha_seats |lok_sabha_seats |MPs |area_footnotes |area_rank |area_total_sq_mi |area_total_km2 | length_km |length_mi | width_km |width_mi |elevation_max_m |elevation_max_ft |elevation_max_point |elevation_min_m |elevation_min_ft |elevation_min_point |elevation_footnotes |elevation_m |elevation_ft |population_footnotes |population_total |population_rank |population_as_of |population_density |ethnicity |population_density_rank |population_urban |population_rural |population_demonym |official_langs |additional_official |official_script |GDP_footnotes |GDP_rank |GDP_year |GDP_total |GDP_per_capita |GDP_per_capita_rank |iso_code |registration_plate |HDI |HDI_year |literacy |literacy_year |literacy_rank |HDI_rank |sex_ratio |sexratio_year |sexratio_rank |website |footnotes |song | cmfirst_year | cm_first | cmlast_year | cm_last | govfirst_year | gov_first | govlast_year | gov_last |foundation_day |language |mammal |bird |butterfly |fish |flower |tree |fruit |image_highway |image_size_highway |sh_numbers |year_start |year_end |flag_p1 |image_p1 |p1 |flag_p2 |image_p2 |p2 |flag_p3 |image_p3 |p3 |flag_p4 |image_p4 |p4 |flag_p5 |image_p5 |p5 |flag_s1 |image_s1 |s1 |border_s1 |flag_s2 |image_s2 |s2 |flag_s3 |image_s3 |s3 |flag_s4 |image_s4 |s4 |flag_s5 |image_s5 |s5 }} {{documentation}}</noinclude> pd390jfzrfemjsffl551u4efl7ylbsg 35521 35519 2026-07-08T21:00:33Z Avimaarak 3578 35521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{{name|}}} | native_name = {{{native_name|}}} | native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang|}}} | official_name = {{{official_name|}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{#if:{{{former|{{{former|}}}}}}|yes}}</noinclude> | settlement_type = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|[[भारत के राज्य तथा केन्द्र-शासित प्रदेश|{{{type}}}]]|[[भारत के राज्य तथा केन्द्र-शासित प्रदेश|राज्य या केन्द्र-शासित प्रदेश]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|<div style="padding:3px">{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}–{{{year_end}}}}} </div>}}}} | image_skyline = {{{image_skyline|}}} | imagesize = {{{imagesize|270}}} | image_alt = {{{image_alt|A collection of images of {{{name|}}}}}} | image_caption = {{{image_caption|}}} <!-- Emblem of the state or union territory --> | image_seal = {{{image_seal|}}} | seal_size = {{{seal_size|125}}} | seal_alt = {{{name|}}} का प्रतीक | seal_type = {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|[[{{{name|}}} का प्रतीक]]|[[भारतीय राज्यों के प्रतीक|{{{name|}}} का प्रतीक]]}} | etymology = {{{etymology|}}} | nickname = {{{nickname|}}} | motto = {{{motto|}}} | mottoes = <!-- If any state or territory has more than one motto --> | anthem = {{{anthem|}}} <!-- map data --> | image_map = {{{image_map|}}} | mapsize = 300 <!-- dafault size is 300 --> | map_alt = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}| The map of India showing {{{name|}}}}} | map_caption = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}|भारत में {{{name|}}} की अवस्थिति}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के प्रशासनिक विभाग|विभाग]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|[[{{{region|}}}]]}} <!-- Formation and joining --> | established_title1 = <div style="height:0px"></div> | established_date1 = <!-- -->{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes <!-- -->| label1 = पहले था | data1 = {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}[[{{{before_was|}}}]]|{{{before_was|}}}}} | rowclass2 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}|mergedrow}} | label2 = {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|गठन}} | data2 = {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|{{{formation_date4|}}}}} | rowclass3 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}|mergedrow}} | label3 = Admission to union | data3 = {{{formation_date|}}} | rowclass4 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}{{{formation_date|}}}|mergedrow}} | label4 = केन्द्र-शासित प्रदेश के रूप में | data4 = {{{formation_date1|}}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = राज्य के रूप में | data5 = {{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2|}}}|formation1||{{{formation_date2|}}}}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = विभाजन | data6 = {{#ifeq:{{{formation_date3|}}}|formation||{{{formation_date3|}}}}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = एकीकरण | data7 = {{{consolidation|}}} | rowclass8 = {{If empty |{{{before_was|}}} |mergedtoprow}} {{#if:{{{before_was|}}}{{{formation_date|}}}{{{formation_date1|}}}{{{formation_date2|}}}{{{formation_date3|}}}|mergedrow}} {{#ifeq:{{{former}}}|yes|mergedrow}} | label8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = Dissolution | #default = {{#if:{{{formation_date2|}}}{{{formation_date3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date3}}}|formation|[[भारत के राज्यों और केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों की स्थापना तिथि अनुसार सूची|गठन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[भारत के राज्यों और केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों की स्थापना तिथि अनुसार सूची|विभाजन द्वारा]])}}|[[भारत के राज्यों और केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों की स्थापना तिथि अनुसार सूची|गठन]]}}|{{#ifeq:{{{formation_date2}}}|formation1|[[भारत के राज्यों और केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों की स्थापना तिथि अनुसार सूची|गठन]]<br/>{{nobold|([[भारत के राज्यों और केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों की स्थापना तिथि अनुसार सूची|राज्य द्वारा]])}}|[[भारत के राज्यों और केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशों की स्थापना तिथि अनुसार सूची|गठन]]}} }} }} | data8 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{{dissolution|}}}| #default = {{{formation_date4|}}} }} }} <!-- City and regions --> | seat_type = {{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|राजधानी|[[भारत के राज्यों और संघ क्षेत्रों की राजधानियाँ|राजधानी]]<br/>{{nobold|[[भारत के सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या वाले शहरों की सूची|एवं सबसे बड़ा शहर]]}}|[[भारत के राज्यों और संघ क्षेत्रों की राजधानियाँ|राजधानी]]}} | seat = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|[[{{{capital|}}}]]|{{{capital|}}}}}{{#if:{{{winter_capital|}}}| <br/> [[{{{winter_capital|}}}]] (winter)}} | seat1_type = [[भारत के सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या वाले शहरों की सूची|सबसे बड़ा शहर]] | seat1 = {{#if:{{{largestcity|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{largestcity|}}}|capital||[[{{{largestcity|}}}]]}}}} | seat2_type = [[भारत में सर्वाधिक जनसंख्या वाले महानगरों की सूची|सबसे बड़ा महानगर]] | seat2 = {{#if:{{{metro|}}}|[[{{{metro|}}}]]}} | parts_type = [[भारत के ज़िले|ज़िले]] | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = {{{districts|}}} <!-- Government and leaders --> | government_footnotes = {{{government_footnotes|}}} | government_type = {{#ifexist:{{{government_type|}}}|[[{{{government_type|}}}]]|{{{government_type|}}}}} | governing_body = {{#if:{{{Governor|}}}{{{Chief_Minister|}}}{{{party|}}}{{{Lt_governor|}}}{{{Administrator|}}}{{{Chief_secretary|}}}{{{judiciary|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Punjab|[[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]|[[{{{name|}}} सरकार]]}}}} | leader_title = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|राज्यपाल}} | #default = [[{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|Punjab|List of governors of Punjab, India|List of governors of {{{name}}}}}|राज्यपाल]] }} | leader_name = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedrow | data1 = {{#if:{{{govfirst_year|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{govfirst_year|}}} |{{{gov_first|}}} |{{{govlast_year|}}} |{{{gov_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{Governor|}}}|{{{Governor|}}}}} }} | leader_title1 = [[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators#Current Indian lieutenant governors|उपराज्यपाल]] | leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{Lt_governor|}}}|{{{Lt_governor|}}}}} | leader_title2 = {{if|eq|{{{name}}}|Punjab|[[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|मुख्यमंत्री]] | {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}}|Chief minister}} | #default = [[List of chief ministers of {{{name}}}|मुख्यमंत्री]] }} }} | leader_name2 = {{#switch:{{{former}}} | yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass3 = mergedrow | data3 = {{#if:{{{cmfirst_year|}}} | {{Infobox country/multirow|{{{cmfirst_year|}}} |{{{cm_first|}}} |{{{cmlast_year|}}} |{{{cm_last|}}} }} }} }} | #default = {{#if:{{{Chief_Minister|}}}{{{CM|}}}|{{{CM|{{{Chief_Minister|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{party|}}}|({{{party|}}})}} }} | leader_title3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{Deputy_CM|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{Administrator|}}}|[[वर्तमान भारतीय उप राज्यपालों और प्रशासकों की सूची|राज्यपाल]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{Deputy_CM|}}}|[[List of deputy chief ministers of {{{name|}}}|उपमुख्यमंत्री]]}} }} | leader_name3 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | State = {{#if:{{{Deputy_CM|}}}|{{{Deputy_CM|}}}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{Administrator|}}}|{{{Administrator|}}}}} | #default = {{#if:{{{Deputy_CM|}}}|{{{Deputy_CM|}}}}} }} | leader_title4 = [[मुख्य सचिव]] | leader_name4 = {{#if:{{{Chief_secretary|}}}|{{{Chief_secretary|}}}}} <!-- Governing bodies and seats --> | government_blank1_title = | government_blank1 = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | label1 = {{#switch:{{{type}}} | Union Territory = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[विधायिका]]}} | State = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|[[राज्य विधानपालिका]]}} | #default = {{#if:{{{council|}}}{{{council_seats|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{assembly_seats|}}}|Legislature}} }} | data1 = <b>{{{legislature_type|}}}</b> | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[विधान परिषद]] | data2 = {{{council|}}} {{#if:{{{council_seats|}}}|([[{{{name|}}} Legislative Council|{{{council_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[विधान सभा]] | data3 = {{{assembly|}}} {{#if:{{{assembly_seats|}}}|([[{{{name|}}} Legislative Assembly|{{{assembly_seats|}}}]])}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = राष्ट्रीय संसद | data4 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|<b>[[भारतीय संसद]]</b>}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[राज्य सभा]] | data5 = {{#if:{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha #{{{name|}}}|{{{rajya_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[लोक सभा]] | data6 = {{#if:{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}|[[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#{{{name|}}}|{{{lok_sabha_seats|}}}]]}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = [[भारत के उच्च न्यायालयों की सूची|उच्च न्यायालय]] | data7 = {{#if:{{{judiciary|}}}|{{{judiciary|}}}}} }} }} <!-- Area and elevation --> | area_footnotes = {{{area_footnotes|}}} | area_total_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}} | area_total_sq_mi = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} | area_rank = {{#if:{{{area_rank|}}}|[[List of states and union territories of India by area|{{{area_rank|}}}]]}} | length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | elevation_footnotes = {{{elevation_footnotes|}}} | elevation_m = {{{elevation_m|}}} | elevation_ft = {{{elevation_ft|}}} | elevation_max_m = {{{elevation_max_m|}}} | elevation_max_ft = {{{elevation_max_ft|}}} | elevation_max_point = {{{elevation_max_point|}}} | elevation_min_m = {{{elevation_min_m|}}} | elevation_min_ft = {{{elevation_min_ft|}}} | elevation_min_point = {{{elevation_min_point|}}} <!-- Population --> | population_footnotes = {{{population_footnotes|}}} | population_total = {{{population_total|}}} | population_as_of = {{{population_as_of|}}} | population_rank = {{#if:{{{population_rank|}}}|[[जनसंख्या के आधार पर भारत के राज्य और संघ क्षेत्र|{{{population_rank|}}}]]}} | population_density_km2 = {{{population_density|}}} {{#if:{{{population_density|}}}|{{{density_rank|}}}}} | population_density_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = शहरी | population_blank1 = {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}|{{{population_urban|}}}}} | population_blank2_title = देहाती | population_blank2 = {{#if:{{{population_rural|}}}|{{{population_rural|}}}}} | population_demonym = {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}|{{{population_demonym|}}}}} | population_demonyms = <!-- Languages --> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{0fficial_Langs|}}}{{{additional_official|}}}{{{official_script|}}}|भाषा}} | demographics1_title1 = [[भारत की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ|आधिकारिक]] {{#if:{{{0fficial_Langs|}}}}} | demographics1_info1 = {{{0fficial_Langs|}}} | demographics1_title2 = [[भारत की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ|अतिरिक्त आधिकारिक]] {{#if:{{{additional_official|}}}}} | demographics1_info2 = {{{additional_official|}}} | demographics1_title3 = [[Official scripts of the Indian Republic|आधिकारिक लिपि]] {{#if:{{{official_script|}}}}} | demographics1_info3 = {{{official_script|}}} <!-- GDP --> | demographics_type2 = {{#if:{{{GDP_rank|}}}{{{GDP_total|}}}{{{GDP_per_capita|}}}|[[सकल घरेलू उत्पाद|GDP]]}} | demographics2_footnotes = {{{GDP_footnotes|}}} | demographics2_title1 = कुल {{#if:{{{GDP_year}}}|{{nobold|({{{GDP_year}}})}}}} | demographics2_info1 = {{#if:{{{GDP_total|}}}|{{{GDP_total|}}}}} | demographics2_title2 = पद | demographics2_info2 = {{#if:{{{GDP_rank|}}}|[[अर्थव्यवस्था के आकार के आधार पर भारत के राज्य|{{{GDP_rank|}}}]]}} | demographics2_title3 = Per capita | demographics2_info3 = {{{GDP_per_capita|}}} {{#if:{{{GDP_per_capita_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|{{{GDP_per_capita_rank|}}}]])}} <!-- Indian time zone --> | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +05:30 <!-- iso and registration --> | iso_code = {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}|[[ISO 3166-2:IN|{{{iso_code}}}]]}} | registration_plate_type = [[भारत में क्षेत्रीय परिवहन कार्यालय जिलों की सूची|वाहन पंजीकरण]] | registration_plate = {{{registration_plate|}}} <!-- HDI, Literacy rate and sex ratio --> | blank_name_sec1 = [[मानव विकास सूचकांक|HDI]] {{#if:{{{HDI_year|}}}|{{nobold|({{{HDI_year|}}})}}}} | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{HDI|}}}|{{{HDI|}}}}} {{#if:{{{HDI_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index|{{{HDI_rank|}}}]])}} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[साक्षरता]] {{#if:{{{literacy_year|}}}|{{nobold|({{{literacy_year|}}})}}}} | blank1_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{literacy|}}}|{{{literacy|}}}}} {{#if:{{{literacy_rank|}}}|([[List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate|{{{literacy_rank|}}}]])}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[लिंगानुपात]] {{#if:{{{sexratio_year|}}}|{{nobold|({{{sexratio_year|}}})}}}} | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{sex_ratio|}}}|{{{sex_ratio|}}}}} {{#if:{{{sexratio_rank|}}}|([[List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio|{{{sexratio_rank|}}}]])}} <!-- website, footnotes --> | website = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|{{URL|1={{{website|}}}}}}} <!-- module contains parameters of Infobox place symbols --> | module ={{#switch:{{{former}}}<!-- -->| yes = {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | data1 = {{#if:{{{p1}}}{{{s1}}} |{{Infobox country/formernext|flag_p1 = {{{flag_p1|}}} |image_p1 = {{{image_p1|}}} |p1 = {{{p1|}}} |flag_p2 ={{{flag_p2|}}} |image_p2 = {{{image_p2|}}} |p2 = {{{p2|}}} |flag_p3={{{flag_p3|}}} |image_p3 = {{{image_p3|}}} |p3 = {{{p3|}}} |flag_p4 = {{{flag_p4|}}} | image_p4= {{{image_p4|}}} | p4={{{p4|}}} |flag_p5 = {{{flag_p5|}}} |image_p5 = {{{image_p5|}}} |p5 = {{{p5|}}} ||flag_s1={{{flag_s1|}}} |image_s1 = {{{image_s1|}}} | s1 = {{{s1|}}}|flag_s2 = {{{flag_s2|}}} |image_s2 = {{{image_s2|}}} |s2 = {{{s2|}}} |flag_s3 = {{{flag_s3|}}} |image_s3 = {{{image_s3|}}} |s3 = {{{s3|}}} |flag_s4 = {{{flag_s4|}}} |image_s4={{{image_s4|}}} |s4 = {{{s4|}}} |flag_s5 = {{{flag_s5|}}} |image_s5 = {{{image_s5|}}} |s5 = {{{s5|}}}}} }} }} <!-- Symbols of the state or territory --> | #default = {{#if:{{{song|}}}{{{foundation_day|}}}{{{mammal|}}}{{{bird|}}}{{{fish|}}}{{{butterfly|}}}{{{flower|}}}{{{tree|}}}{{{fruit|}}}|{{Infobox place symbols | embedded = yes | region = {{{name|}}} | country = {{IND}} | image_emblem = {{{image_seal|}}} | image_emblem_size = 80 | song = {{{anthem|}}} | foundation_day = {{#if:{{{foundation_day|}}}|[[{{{foundation_day|}}}]]}} | mammal = {{{mammal|}}} | bird = {{{bird|}}} | fish = {{{fish|}}} | butterfly = {{{butterfly|}}} | flower = {{{flower|}}} | tree = {{{tree|}}} | fruit = {{{fruit|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{image_highway|}}}{{{image_size_highway|}}}{{{SH_numbers|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | data1 = <b>State highway mark</b> | rowclass2 = mergedrow | data2 ={{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage | image={{{image_highway|}}} | size={{{image_size_highway|}}} | sizedefault=90px }} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | data3 = {{{name|}}} का राजमार्ग <br/> {{{SH_numbers|}}} }}}} }} {{#if:{{{song|}}}{{{language|}}}{{{foundation_day|}}}{{{mammal|}}}{{{bird|}}}{{{fish|}}}{{{butterfly|}}}{{{flower|}}}{{{tree|}}}{{{fruit|}}}{{{image_highway|}}}|{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child = yes |rowclass1 = mergedtoprow | data1 = {{#switch:{{{type}}}| State = [[List of Indian state symbols]] | Union Territory = [[List of Indian state symbols#Union territories|List of union territory symbols]] | #default = [[List of Indian state symbols|List of Indian state and union territory symbols]]}} }}}} <!-- Footnotes --> | footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox Indian state or territory with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox Indian state or territory]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| |name |native_name |native_name_lang |official_name |former |image_skyline |imagesize |image_alt |image_caption |type |image_seal |seal_size |seal_type |etymology |nickname |motto |anthem |image_map |mapsize |map_caption |map_alt |coordinates |region |before_was |today |formation_date |formation_date1 |formation_date2 |formation_date3 |formation_date4 | consolidation | dissolution |capital |winter_capital |largestcity |metro |districts |government_footnotes |government_type |Governor |Chief_Minister |party |Lt_governor |Administrator |Deputy_CM |Chief_secretary |judiciary |legislature_type |council |council_seats |assembly |assembly_seats |rajya_sabha_seats |lok_sabha_seats |MPs |area_footnotes |area_rank |area_total_sq_mi |area_total_km2 | length_km |length_mi | width_km |width_mi |elevation_max_m |elevation_max_ft |elevation_max_point |elevation_min_m |elevation_min_ft |elevation_min_point |elevation_footnotes |elevation_m |elevation_ft |population_footnotes |population_total |population_rank |population_as_of |population_density |population_density_rank |population_urban |population_rural |population_demonym |population_demonym |0fficial_Langs |additional_official |official_script |GDP_footnotes |GDP_rank |GDP_year |GDP_total |GDP_per_capita |GDP_per_capita_rank |iso_code |registration_plate |HDI |HDI_year |literacy |literacy_year |literacy_rank |HDI_rank |sex_ratio |sexratio_year |sexratio_rank |website |footnotes |song | cmfirst_year | cm_first | cmlast_year | cm_last | govfirst_year | gov_first | govlast_year | gov_last |foundation_day |language |mammal |bird |butterfly |fish |flower |tree |fruit |image_highway |image_size_highway |SH_numbers |year_start |year_end |flag_p1 |image_p1 |p1 |flag_p2 |image_p2 |p2 |flag_p3 |image_p3 |p3 |flag_p4 |image_p4 |p4 |flag_p5 |image_p5 |p5 |flag_s1 |image_s1 |s1 |border_s1 |flag_s2 |image_s2 |s2 |flag_s3 |image_s3 |s3 |flag_s4 |image_s4 |s4 |flag_s5 |image_s5 |s5 }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:Templates calling Infobox settlement]]</noinclude> kyku62pwgum1njmuocychtzlp5h9edc 10 9924 35517 2026-07-08T20:06:46Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{uses infobox settlement}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Settlement short description}} ई खाँचा (Template) {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} भारत के कउनो राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस (वर्तमान या पुरान) के बारे मा...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{uses infobox settlement}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Settlement short description}} ई खाँचा (Template) {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} भारत के कउनो राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस (वर्तमान या पुरान) के बारे मा जानकारी का एकु तय मानक रूप मा देखावै खातिर इस्तेमाल कीन जात है। ई राज्य या परदेस से जुड़े मुख्य तथ्यन अउर आँकड़न कै तुरंत झलक देवै खातिर बनावा गा है। पैरामीटर के इस्तेमाल के बारे मा दिसा-निदेस अउर जादा जानकारी खातिर, [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject Indian cities#Basic India conventions|Basic India Conventions]] देखैं। अगर राजधानी अउर सबते बड़ सहर एकै आहीं, तउ {{para|largest_city|capital}} लिखैं। अगर राज्य या परदेस कै कउनो जाड़ा कै राजधानी (winter capital) है, तउ सबते बड़ सहर कै नाँव अलग से देब जरुरी है, भले ऊ राजधानी वाले सहर कै नाँव होय। अगर राज्य कै गढन बँटवारा (bifurcation) से भा है, तउ बँटवारा खातिर: {{para|formation_date3|formation}} लिखैं। अइसनै, अगर परदेस कय गढन राज्य के रूप मा भा है, तउ राज्य के रूप मा: {{para|formation_date2|formation1}} लिखैं। अइसन मान (Values) जिन्हैं अपने हाथे से लिंक ( [[Interwiki link|InterWiki]] ) करै कै जरुरत होइ सकत है, उ आहीं: कउनो मनई कै नाँव, जिला, परिसद अउर बिधानसभा, उच्च न्यायालय अउर भासा। {{Generic template demo | name |official_name |image_skyline |imagesize |image_alt |image_caption |type |image_seal |seal_size |seal_type |etymology |nickname |motto |anthem |image_map |mapsize |map_caption |coordinates |region |before_was |formation_date |formation_date1 |formation_date2 |formation_date3 |formation_date4 |capital |winter_capital |largestcity |metro |districts |government_footnotes |government_type |governor |chief_minister |party |deputy_cm |lt_governor |administrator |chief_secretary |judiciary |legislature_type |council |council_seats |assembly |assembly_seats |rajya_sabha_seats |lok_sabha_seats |area_rank |area_total_sq_mi |area_total_km2 |length_km |length_mi | width_km |width_mi |elevation_m |elevation_ft |population_total |population_rank |population_as_of |population_density |population_urban |population_rural |population_demonym |official_langs |additional_official |official_script |GDP_rank |GDP_year |GDP_total |GDP_per_capita |GDP_per_capita_rank |iso_code |registration_plate |HDI |HDI_year |literacy |literacy_year |literacy_rank |HDI_rank |sex_ratio |sexratio_year |sexratio_rank |website |footnotes |song |foundation_day |language |mammal |bird |butterfly |fish |flower |tree |fruit |image_highway |image_size_highway |sh_numbers | }} == इस्तेमाल (Usage) == === पूरा खाली सिंटैक्स (Complete empty syntax) === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = | official_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | coordinates = | region = | before_was = | formation_date = | formation_date1 = | formation_date2 = | formation_date3 = | formation_date4 = | capital = | winter_capital = | largestcity = | metro = | districts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governor = | chief_minister = | party = | lt_governor = | administrator = | chief_secretary = | judiciary = | legislature_type = | council = | council_seats = | assembly = | assembly_seats = | rajya_sabha_seats = | lok_sabha_seats = | area_rank = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | length_km = | width_km = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_point = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_rank = | population_as_of = | population_density = | population_density_rank = | population_urban = | population_rural = | population_demonym = | official_langs = | Regional_Langs = | National_Langs = | official_script = | GDP_total = | GDP_rank = | GDP_year = | GDP_per_capita = | GDP_per_capita_rank = | iso_code = | registration_plate = | HDI = | HDI_rank = | HDI_year = | literacy = | literacy_year = | literacy_rank = | sex_ratio = | sexratio_year = | sexratio_rank = | website = | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === पुरान परदेस खातिर सिंटैक्स (Syntax for Former territory) === ई पैरामीटर कय इस्तेमाल कउनो अइसन भौगोलिक छेत्र या अस्थान कै मुख्य जानकारी देखावै खातिर कीन जात है जउन पहिले भारत मा एकु अलग राजनीतिक हिस्सा रहै, मुला अब वर्तमान राज्य/केंद्रसासित परदेस कै हिस्सा आय या नया राज्य/परदेस बनि गा है। इन पैरामीटरन का चालू करै खातिर {{para|former|yes}} लिखैं। ध्यान देईं: जरुरत पड़ै पर बाकी अउर पैरामीटरन कय इस्तेमाल भी कीन जाइ सकत है। सिंटैक्स मा दीन गा टिप्पणी (comments) देखैं ताकि जान सकैं कि कउन पैरामीटर काहे खातिर आय। {{para|country|India}} अउर समय छेत्र (time zone) पहिले ते तय (default) आहीं। <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = | former = yes | govfirst_year = | gov_first = | govlast_year = | gov_last = | cmfirst_year = | cm_first = | cmlast_year = | cm_last = | year_start = | formation_date4 = | consolidation = | formation_date3 = | dissolution = | year_end = }} </syntaxhighlight> == माइक्रॉफॉर्मेट (Microformat) == {{UF-hcard-geo}} == टेम्पलेट डेटा (Template data) == {{TemplateData header}} {{collapse top|title=TemplateData}} <templatedata> { "params": { "name": { "label": "नाँव", "required": true, "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आम नाँव", "type": "content" }, "official_name": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आधिकारिक नाँव (अगर कउनो होय)।", "label": "आधिकारिक नाँव", "type": "content" }, "image_skyline": { "label": "चित्र (Image)", "description": "अस्थान के पहिचान खातिर हुवाँ कै कउनो निसानी, भूदृश्य या सास्कृतिक धरोहर कै चित्र।", "type": "content" }, "imagesize": { "label": "चित्र कै आकार", "description": "अगर चित्र जोड़ा गा है तउ ओकर आकार", "type": "number" }, "image_alt": { "label": "चित्र कै ऑल्टरनेटिव टेक्स्ट (Alt)", "description": "चित्र कै वैकल्पिक पाठ (Alternative text)।", "type": "string" }, "image_caption": { "label": "कैप्शन (Caption)", "description": "अगर चित्र जोड़ा गा है तउ ओकर विवरण।", "type": "string" }, "type": { "example": "State या Union Territory", "required": true, "label": "बसावट कै प्रकार (Type)", "description": "बसावट कै प्रकार, जउन \"State\" (राज्य) या \"Union Territory\" (केंद्रसासित परदेस) होइक चाही।", "type": "content" }, "nickname": { "label": "उपनाम (Nickname)", "type": "content", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै मसहूर उपनाम।" }, "motto": { "label": "आदर्श वाक्य (Motto)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आदर्श वाक्य।", "type": "content" }, "anthem": { "label": "गान (Song)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै गान।", "example": "\"[[जय जय गरवी गुजरात]]\" <br/> [[File:File Name]]", "type": "content" }, "image_map": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "label": "नक्सा (Image Map)", "description": "भारत मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै अस्थान देखावै वाला नक्सा कै चित्र।" }, "government_footnotes": { "label": "सरकारी संदर्भ (Govt. References)", "description": "सरकार वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ (References)", "example": "<ref>{{cite web |title=SITE TITLE |url=https:// |url-status=live }}</ref>", "type": "string" }, "area_footnotes": { "label": "क्षेत्रफल संदर्भ (Area Reference)", "description": "क्षेत्रफल वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ", "example": "<ref>{{cite web |title=SITE TITLE |url=https:// |url-status=live }}</ref>", "type": "string" }, "area_total_km2": { "label": "कुल क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै कुल क्षेत्रफल (खाली नंबर लिखैं, कॉमा ना लगावैं, दशमलव लगाय सकत हीं)।", "example": "112345 या 112.345", "type": "number" }, "area_rank": { "label": "क्षेत्रफल कै दर्जा (Rank)", "type": "string", "description": "आकार के हिसाब से राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।" }, "elevation_footnotes": { "label": "ऊँचाई संदर्भ", "description": "ऊँचाई वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ" }, "elevation_m": { "label": "ऊँचाई (मीटर मा)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै ऊँचाई।", "example": "14 (नतीजा: 14 m)", "type": "number" }, "population_total": { "label": "कुल जनसँख्या", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै कुल जनसँख्या।", "type": "number" }, "population_as_of": { "label": "जनसँख्या कै साल", "description": "उ साल जब जनसँख्या कै सबसे ताजा गिनती भइ रहै।", "example": "2011", "type": "number" }, "population_rank": { "label": "जनसँख्या कै दर्जा", "description": "जनसँख्या के हिसाब से राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।", "type": "number" }, "population_density": { "label": "जनसँख्या घनत्व (वर्ग किमी)", "type": "number", "description": "प्रति वर्ग किलोमीटर जनसँख्या घनत्व।" }, "GDP_footnotes": { "label": "जीडीपी संदर्भ", "description": "जीडीपी (GDP) वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ।", "type": "string" }, "GDP_rank": { "label": "जीडीपी कै दर्जा", "description": "जीडीपी के हिसाब से भारत मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।", "type": "number" }, "GDP_year": { "label": "जीडीपी कै साल", "description": "उ साल जेहमा जीडीपी कै गिनती भइ रहै।", "type": "number" }, "GDP_total": { "label": "कुल जीडीपी", "description": "राज्य या परदेस कै कुल जीडीपी।", "example": "{{INRConvert|10.1|lc|lk=r}} ते 10.1 लाख करोड़ देखाय पड़ी, ट्रिलियन खातिर \"lc\" के जगह \"t\" लिखैं।", "type": "string" }, "GDP_per_capita": { "label": "जीडीपी प्रति मनई (Per capita)", "description": "राज्य या परदेस कै प्रति मनई जीडीपी", "example": "{{INRConvert|10111|lk=r}}", "type": "string" }, "GDP_per_capita_rank": { "label": "प्रति मनई दर्जा", "type": "string", "description": "प्रति मनई जीडीपी के हिसाब से राज्य या परदेस कै दर्जा।" }, "HDI_year": { "label": "एचडीआई (HDI) साल", "description": "उ साल जेहमा राज्य या परदेस कै एचडीआई नापा गा रहै।", "type": "number" }, "HDI_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "एचडीआई (HDI) दर्जा", "description": "एचडीआई (HDI) के हिसाब से राज्य या परदेस कै दर्जा।" }, "iso_code": { "label": "आईएसओ (ISO) कोड", "example": "IN-TG", "type": "string", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस खातिर आईएसओ (ISO) कोड।" }, "website": { "label": "सरकारी वेबसाइट", "description": "वेबसाइट के नाँव ते पहिले www या https लगावै कै कउनो जरुरत नाही", "example": "assam.gov.in", "type": "url" }, "footnotes": { "label": "टिप्पणी (Footnotes)", "description": "कउनो अउर जरुरी बात या समझावा जउन खाँचा मा देब जरुरी होय", "type": "string" }, "party": { "label": "मुख्यमंत्री कै पार्टी", "description": "सत्ता चलावै वाली राजनीतिक पार्टी कै छोट नाँव।", "example": "([[भारत कै राजनीतिक पार्टी|भारापा]])", "type": "string" }, "etymology": { "label": "नाँव कै उत्पत्ति (Etymology)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के नाँव कै साब्दिक अर्थ।", "type": "string" }, "coordinates": { "label": "अक्षांश-देशांतर (Coordinates)", "example": "{{coord|41|50|15|N|87|40|55|W}}", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के राजधानी कै अक्षांश-देशांतर।" }, "HDI": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI)।", "type": "number" }, "registration_plate": { "label": "गाड़ी पंजीकरण (Registration)", "example": "MH", "type": "string" }, "image_seal": { "label": "निसान कै चित्र (Emblem Image)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के निसान (Emblem) कै चित्र।", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "foundation_day": { "label": "स्थापना दिवस", "type": "string" }, "mammal": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै जनावर", "type": "string" }, "bird": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै चिरई", "type": "string" }, "fish": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै मछरी", "type": "string" }, "butterfly": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै तितली", "type": "string" }, "flower": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै फूल", "type": "string" }, "tree": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै पेड़", "type": "string" }, "fruit": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै फल", "type": "string" }, "sexratio_year": { "description": "उ साल जेहमा राज्य या परदेस कै लिंगानुपात गिना गा रहै।", "type": "number", "label": "लिंगानुपात कै साल", "default": "2011" }, "winter_capital": { "label": "जाड़ा कै राजधानी", "description": "अगर राज्य या परदेस कै कउनो जाड़ा कै राजधानी (winter capital) है", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "former": { "label": "पुरान परदेस आय?", "type": "string", "description": "अगर राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कउनो पुरान (former) परदेस आय तउ लिखैं: yes , नाही तउ यहिका खाली छोड़ देईं।" }, "chief_minister": { "label": "मुख्यमंत्री", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के वर्तमान मुख्यमंत्री कै नाँव।", "type": "string" }, "population_urban": { "label": "सहरी जनसँख्या %", "description": "सहरी जनसँख्या कै प्रतिशत", "type": "string" }, "population_rural": { "label": "देहाती जनसँख्या %", "description": "देहाती जनसँख्या कै प्रतिशत", "type": "string" }, "population_demonym": { "label": "निवासी नाँव (Demonym)", "type": "string" }, "image_highway": { "label": "राज्य राजमार्ग निसान", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "राज्य राजमार्ग (State Highway) के पत्थर/निसान कै चित्र।" }, "region": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कउने छेत्र (region) मा है", "example": "दक्खिन भारत या पूर्वोत्तर भारत", "type": "wiki-page-name", "label": "छेत्र (Region)" }, "before_was": { "label": "पहिले रहै", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै पुरान नाँव या उ छेत्र कै नाँव जेहकै ई हिस्सा रहै।", "example": "[[बॉम्बे राज्य]] या [[सिक्किम राजशाही]]", "type": "string" }, "formation_date": { "label": "संघ मा सामिल", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस भारत संघ मा कब सामिल भा", "type": "date" }, "formation_date1": { "label": "केंद्रसासित परदेस के रूप मा", "description": "छेत्र का कब केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा मिला", "type": "date" }, "formation_date2": { "label": "राज्य के रूप मा", "description": "छेत्र का कब राज्य कै दर्जा मिला (अगर ई तारीख गढन के तारीख के बराबर है तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: formation1)", "type": "string" }, "formation_date3": { "label": "बँटवारा (Bifurcation)", "description": "राज्य कै बँटवारा कब भा (अगर बँटवारा अउर गढन कै तारीख एकै है तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: formation)", "example": "1 मई 1960 या formation", "type": "string" }, "formation_date4": { "label": "गढन (Formation)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै गढन कब भा", "type": "date", "suggested": true }, "capital": { "label": "राजधानी सहर", "description": "राज्य या परदेस कै राजधानी (अगर राजधानी अउर सबते बड़ सहर एकै आहीं, तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: capital .", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "largestcity": { "description": "अगर राजधानी अउर सबते बड़ सहर एकै आहीं, तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: capital", "example": "अगर राजधानी सहर: बेंगलुरु है ; तउ सबते बड़ सहर मा लिखैं: capital", "type": "wiki-page-name", "suggested": true, "label": "सबते बड़ सहर" }, "metro": { "label": "सबते बड़ मेट्रो (Metro Area)", "description": "सबते बड़ मेट्रोपॉलिटन छेत्र", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "districts": { "label": "जिला (Districts)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस मा कुल जिला कै गिनती।", "example": "[[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36]] या [[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36 (6 मण्डल)]]", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "judiciary": { "label": "उच्च न्यायालय", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै उच्च न्यायालय।", "type": "string" }, "assembly": { "label": "बिधानसभा", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के बिधानसभा कै नाँव ", "example": "[[तमिलनाडु बिधानसभा]]", "type": "content" }, "assembly_seats": { "label": "बिधानसभा सीट", "description": "राज्य बिधानसभा सीट कै गिनती।", "example": "234 सीट", "type": "string" }, "council": { "label": "परिसद (Council)", "description": "राज्य बिधान परिसद कै नाँव।", "example": "[[महाराष्ट्र बिधान परिसद]]", "type": "content" }, "council_seats": { "label": "परिसद सीट", "description": "राज्य परिसद सीट कै कुल गिनती।", "example": "78 सीट", "type": "string" }, "rajya_sabha_seats": { "label": "राज्यसभा सीट", "description": "राज्यसभा मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के सीटन कै कुल गिनती।", "example": "1 सीट या 2 सीट", "type": "string" }, "lok_sabha_seats": { "label": "लोकसभा सीट", "description": "लोकसभा मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के सीटन कै कुल गिनती।", "example": "1 सीट या 2 सीट", "type": "string" }, "official_langs": { "label": "आधिकारिक भासा", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आधिकारिक भासा।", "type": "content" }, "additional_official": { "label": "अउर आधिकारिक भासा", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै अउर आधिकारिक भासा (अगर कउनो होय)।", "type": "content" }, "literacy": { "description": "सबसे ताजा गिनती के अनुसार राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै साक्षरता दर।", "type": "number", "label": "साक्षरता दर" }, "literacy_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "साक्षरता दर्जा" }, "literacy_year": { "description": "उ साल जेहमा साक्षरता दर कै गिनती भइ रहै।", "type": "number", "label": "साक्षरता साल", "example": "2011", "default": "2011" }, "legislature_type": { "description": "बिधानमंडल कै प्रकार ", "example": "एकसदनीय (Unicameral)", "type": "string", "label": "बिधानमंडल प्रकार" }, "sex_ratio": { "label": "लिंगानुपात (Sex ratio)", "description": "प्रति 1000 पुरुषन पर मेहरारून कै गिनती।", "example": "1000[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "1000[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]" ] }, "population_footnotes": { "label": "जनसँख्या संदर्भ", "description": "जनसँख्या वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ।", "type": "string" }, "seal_size": { "label": "निसान कै आकार", "description": "खाली तब इस्तेमाल करैं जब चित्र खातिर 125 बहुत बड़ा या बहुत छोट होय।", "example": "100", "type": "string", "default": "125" }, "sexratio_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "लिंगानुपात दर्जा" }, "official_script": { "label": "आधिकारिक लिपि", "type": "string" }, "density_rank": { "label": "घनत्व दर्जा", "description": "जनसँख्या घनत्व के हिसाब से राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।", "type": "number" }, "length_km": { "label": "लंबाई (किमी मा)", "description": "लंबाई (किमी मा)", "type": "number" }, "width_km": { "label": "चौड़ाई (किमी मा)", "type": "number" }, "elevation_max_m": { "label": "अधिकतम ऊँचाई (मीटर मा)", "type": "number" }, "elevation_max_point": { "label": "अधिकतम ऊँचाई बिंदु", "type": "string" }, "elevation_min_m": { "label": "न्यूनतम ऊँचाई (मीटर मा)", "type": "number" }, "elevation_min_point": { "label": "न्यूनतम ऊँचाई बिंदु", "type": "string" }, "dissolution": { "label": "समाप्ती (Dissolution)", "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string" }, "consolidation": { "label": "मिलाव (Consolidation)", "type": "string" }, "year_start": { "description": "उ साल जब परदेस एक्ठु अलग इकाई के रूप मा स्थापित भा रहै (खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय)", "type": "string", "label": "गढन कै साल" }, "year_end": { "description": "उ साल जब राज्य या परदेस का खतम या दूसर मा मिलाय दीन गा (खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय)", "type": "string", "label": "समाप्ती कै साल" }, "govfirst_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले राज्यपाल कै साल" }, "gov_first": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले राज्यपाल" }, "govlast_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी राज्यपाल कै साल" }, "gov_last": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी राज्यपाल" }, "cmfirst_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले मुख्यमंत्री कै साल" }, "cm_first": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले मुख्यमंत्री" }, "cmlast_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी मुख्यमंत्री कै साल" }, "cm_last": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी मुख्यमंत्री" }, "governor": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के वर्तमान राज्यपाल कै नाँव।", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "lt_governor": { "label": "उपराज्यपाल (Lieutenant Governor)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के वर्तमान उपराज्यपाल कै नाँव।" }, "deputy_cm": { "label": "उपमुख्यमंत्री (Deputy CM)", "description": "राज्य या परदेस के उपमुख्यमंत्री कै नाँव (खाली तब इस्तेमाल करैं जब गठबंधन कै सरकार होय)", "type": "string" }, "chief_secretary": { "label": "मुख्य सचिव", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के मुख्य सचिव कै नाँव ", "type": "string" }, "administrator": { "label": "प्रसासक (Administrator)", "description": "केंद्रसासित परदेस के प्रसासक कै नाँव (यहिका देखावै खातिर प्रकार: Union Territory तय करैं।)", "type": "string" }, "sh_numbers": { "label": "राजमार्ग (SH) नंबर", "description": "राज्य राजमार्ग कै नंबर।", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "official_name", "former", "image_skyline", "imagesize", "image_alt", "image_caption", "type", "image_seal", "seal_size", "etymology", "nickname", "motto", "anthem", "image_map", "coordinates", "region", "before_was", "formation_date", "formation_date1", "formation_date2", "formation_date3", "consolidation", "formation_date4", "dissolution", "capital", "winter_capital", "largestcity", "metro", "districts", "government_footnotes", "governor", "lt_governor", "chief_minister", "party", "deputy_cm", "administrator", "chief_secretary", "legislature_type", "council", "council_seats", "assembly", "assembly_seats", "rajya_sabha_seats", "lok_sabha_seats", "judiciary", "area_footnotes", "area_total_km2", "area_rank", "length_km", "width_km", "elevation_footnotes", "elevation_m", "elevation_max_m", "elevation_max_point", "elevation_min_m", "elevation_min_point", "population_footnotes", "population_total", "population_as_of", "population_rank", "population_density", "density_rank", "population_urban", "population_rural", "population_demonym", "official_langs", "additional_official", "official_script", "GDP_footnotes", "GDP_total", "GDP_year", "GDP_rank", "GDP_per_capita", "GDP_per_capita_rank", "HDI", "HDI_year", "HDI_rank", "literacy", "literacy_year", "literacy_rank", "sex_ratio", "sexratio_year", "sexratio_rank", "iso_code", "registration_plate", "website", "footnotes", "foundation_day", "mammal", "bird", "fish", "butterfly", "flower", "tree", "fruit", "image_highway", "sh_numbers", "year_start", "year_end", "govfirst_year", "gov_first", "govlast_year", "gov_last", "cmfirst_year", "cm_first", "cmlast_year", "cm_last" ], "description": "भारतीय राज्य अउर केंद्रसासित परदेस खातिर इन्फोबॉक्स", "format": "block" } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == उदाहरण (Examples) == === 1) पहिला उदाहरण === ई खाली उदाहरण आहीं, ई देखावै खातिर कि {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} कइसे देखाय पड़त है। होइ सकत है कि इन उदाहरणन मा हाल कै अउर एकदम सही जानकारी ना होय। {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = महाराष्ट्र | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Maharashtra.svg | seal_type = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]] | etymology = महा ("महान") अउर राष्ट्र ("देस/साम्राज्य") | motto = प्रतिपच्चन्द्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्व वन्दिता महाराष्ट्रस्य राज्यस्य मुद्रा भद्राय राजते | anthem = [[जय जय महाराष्ट्र माझा]] | image_map = IN-MH.svg | map_alt = भारत कै नक्सा जेहमा महाराष्ट्र देखावा गा है | coordinates = {{coord|18.97|72.82|region:IN-MH_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | region = पच्छिमी भारत | before_was = [[बॉम्बे राज्य|बॉम्बे राज्य (1950–1960)]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 1 मई 1960 | capital = मुम्बई | winter_capital = नागपुर | largestcity = मुम्बई | metro = मुम्बई मेट्रोपॉलिटन छेत्र | districts = [[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36 (6 मण्डल)]] | governor = [[रमेश बैस]] | chief_minister = [[एकनाथ शिंदे]] | party = [[शिवसेना|शिसे]] | judiciary = [[बॉम्बे उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = द्विसदनीय | assembly = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 228 सीट | council = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधान परिसद]] | council_seats = 78 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 19 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 48 सीट | area_total_km2 = 307713 | area_rank = तीसर | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 112,374,333 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = दूसर | population_urban = 45.22% | population_rural = 54.78% | population_density = 370 | population_demonym = महाराष्ट्रीयन | official_langs = मराठी | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|31.97|t|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2021–22 अनुमानित | GDP_rank = पहिला | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|225073|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 14वाँ | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.750 | HDI_rank = 9वाँ | literacy = 84.8% | literacy_year = 2017 | sex_ratio = 966 | sexratio_year = 2021 | iso_code = IN-MH | registration_plate = MH | website = maharashtra.gov.in | footnotes = गोवा के साथ संयुक्त उच्च न्यायालय | foundation_day = महाराष्ट्र दिवस | bird = हरियल (Yellow-footed green pigeon) | fish = रोहू | butterfly = ब्लू मॉर्मन | flower = जरुल | tree = आम कै पेड़ | image_highway = Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra).png | image_size_highway = 100 | sh_numbers = [[महाराष्ट्र के राज्य राजमार्गन कै सूची|MH SH1-MH SH368]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space: pre-wrap;"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = महाराष्ट्र | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Maharashtra.svg | seal_type = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]] | etymology = महा ("महान") अउर राष्ट्र ("देस/साम्राज्य") | motto = प्रतिपच्चन्द्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्व वन्दिता महाराष्ट्रस्य राज्यस्य मुद्रा भद्राय राजते | anthem = [[जय जय महाराष्ट्र माझा]] | image_map = IN-MH.svg | map_alt = भारत कै नक्सा जेहमा महाराष्ट्र देखावा गा है | coordinates = {{coord|18.97|72.82|region:IN-MH_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | region = पच्छिमी भारत | before_was = [[बॉम्बे राज्य|बॉम्बे राज्य (1950–1960)]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 1 मई 1960 | capital = मुम्बई | winter_capital = नागपुर | largestcity = मुम्बई | metro = मुम्बई मेट्रोपॉलिटन छेत्र | districts = [[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36 (6 मण्डल)]] | governor = [[भगत सिंह कोश्यारी]] | chief_minister = [[एकनाथ शिंदे]] | party = [[बालासाहेबांची शिवसेना|बाशिसे]] | judiciary = [[बॉम्बे उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = द्विसदनीय | assembly = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 228 सीट | council = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधान परिसद]] | council_seats = 78 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 19 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 48 सीट | area_total_km2 = 307713 | area_rank = तीसर | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 112,374,333 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = दूसर | population_urban = 45.22% | population_rural = 54.78% | population_density = 370 | population_demonym = महाराष्ट्रीयन | official_langs = मराठी | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|31.97|t|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2021–22 अनुमानित | GDP_rank = पहिला | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|225073|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 14वाँ | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.750 | HDI_rank = 9वाँ | literacy = 84.8% | literacy_year = 2017 | sex_ratio = 966 | sexratio_year = 2021 | iso_code = IN-MH | registration_plate = MH | website = maharashtra.gov.in | footnotes = गोवा के साथ संयुक्त उच्च न्यायालय | foundation_day = महाराष्ट्र दिवस | bird = हरियल (Yellow-footed green pigeon) | fish = रोहू | butterfly = ब्लू मॉर्मन | flower = जरुल | tree = आम कै पेड़ | image_highway = Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra).png | image_size_highway = 100 | sh_numbers = [[महाराष्ट्र के राज्य राजमार्गन कै सूची|MH SH1-MH SH368]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ---- === 2) दूसर उदाहरण === {{Template:Infobox Indian state or territory | name = पुदुच्चेरी | type = Union Territory | image_seal = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png | seal_type = पुदुच्चेरी कै निसान | motto = सत्यमेव जयते <br/> (सच्चाई कै हमेशा जीत होत है) | anthem = [[तमिल थाई वल्थु (तमिलनाडु)|तमिल थाई वल्थु]] | image_map = IN-PY.svg | region = दक्खिन भारत | formation_date = 1 नवम्बर 1954 | formation_date4 = 1 जुलाई 1963 | capital = पुदुच्चेरी (सहर){{!}}पुदुच्चेरी | largestcity = capital | districts = [[पुदुच्चेरी के जिला कै सूची|4]] | lt_governor = [[तमिलिसाई सौंदरराजन]] | chief_minister = [[एन. रंगास्वामी]] | party = [[ऑल इंडिया एन.आर. कांग्रेस|AINRC]] | chief_secretary = अश्वनी कुमार, IAS | judiciary = [[मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = एकसदनीय | assembly = [[पुदुच्चेरी बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 33 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | area_total_km2 = 483 | area_rank = 34वाँ | population_total = 1,394,467 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 29वाँ | population_urban = 68.33% | population_rural = 31.67% | population_density = 2,900 | official_langs = [[तमिल भासा|तमिल]] •[[अंग्रेज़ी भासा|अंग्रेज़ी]] •[[फ़्रांसीसी भासा|फ़्रांसीसी]] | additional_official = [[मलयालम]] • [[तेलुगु भासा|तेलुगु]] | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|210|b|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2019-20 | GDP_rank = 26वाँ | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|206888|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10वाँ | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI = {{increase}}0.740 (<span style="color:#090">High</span>) | HDI_rank = 7वाँ | literacy = 86.55% | literacy_year = 2011 | sex_ratio = 1037 | sexratio_year = 2011 | iso_code = IN-PY | registration_plate = PY 01 - PY 05 | website = py.gov.in | footnotes = फ़्रांसीसी भारत के इलाके का पूरी तरह ते भारत गणराज्य का सौंप दीन गा रहै। }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space: pre-wrap;"> {{Template:Infobox Indian state or territory | name = पुदुच्चेरी | type = Union Territory | image_seal = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png | seal_type = पुदुच्चेरी कै निसान | motto = सत्यमेव जयते <br/> (सच्चाई कै हमेशा जीत होत है) | anthem = [[तमिल थाई वल्थु (तमिलनाडु)|तमिल थाई वल्थु]] | image_map = IN-PY.svg | region = दक्खिन भारत | formation_date = 1 नवम्बर 1954 | formation_date4 = 1 जुलाई 1963 | capital = पुदुच्चेरी (सहर){{!}}पुदुच्चेरी | largestcity = capital | districts = [[पुदुच्चेरी के जिला कै सूची|4]] | lt_governor = [[तमिलिसाई सौंदरराजन]] | chief_minister = [[एन. रंगास्वामी]] | party = [[ऑल इंडिया एन.आर. कांग्रेस|AINRC]] | chief_secretary = अश्वनी कुमार, IAS | judiciary = [[मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = एकसदनीय | assembly = [[पुदुच्चेरी बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 33 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | area_total_km2 = 483 | area_rank = 34वाँ | population_total = 1,394,467 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 29वाँ | population_urban = 68.33% | population_rural = 31.67% | population_density = 2,900 | official_langs = [[तमिल भासा|तमिल]] •[[अंग्रेज़ी भासा|अंग्रेज़ी]] •[[फ़्रांसीसी भासा|फ़्रांसीसी]] | additional_official = [[मलयालम]] • [[तेलुगु भासा|तेलुगु]] | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|210|b|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2019-20 | GDP_rank = 26वाँ | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|206888|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10वाँ | coastline = 30.6 | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI = {{increase}}0.740 (<span style="color:#090">High</span>) | HDI_rank = 7वाँ | literacy = 86.55% | literacy_year = 2011 | sex_ratio = 1037 | sexratio_year = 2011 | iso_code = IN-PY | registration_plate = PY 01 - PY 05 | website = py.gov.in | footnotes = फ़्रांसीसी भारत के इलाके का पूरी तरह ते भारत गणराज्य का सौंप दीन गा रहै। }} </syntaxhighlight> == ट्रैकिंग श्रेणी (Tracking category) == * {{clc|Pages using infobox Indian state or territory with unknown parameters}} efsoqk7h1mydmkd7p1r5jmfhptnfjgy 35518 35517 2026-07-08T20:11:18Z Avimaarak 3578 35518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{uses infobox settlement}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Settlement short description}} ई खाँचा (Template) {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} भारत के कउनो राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस (वर्तमान या पुरान) के बारे मा जानकारी का एकु तय मानक रूप मा देखावै खातिर इस्तेमाल कीन जात है। ई राज्य या परदेस से जुड़े मुख्य तथ्यन अउर आँकड़न कै तुरंत झलक देवै खातिर बनावा गा है। पैरामीटर के इस्तेमाल के बारे मा दिसा-निदेस अउर जादा जानकारी खातिर, [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject Indian cities#Basic India conventions|Basic India Conventions]] देखैं। अगर राजधानी अउर सबते बड़ सहर एकै आहीं, तउ {{para|largest_city|capital}} लिखैं। अगर राज्य या परदेस कै कउनो जाड़ा कै राजधानी (winter capital) है, तउ सबते बड़ सहर कै नाँव अलग से देब जरुरी है, भले ऊ राजधानी वाले सहर कै नाँव होय। अगर राज्य कै गढन बँटवारा (bifurcation) से भा है, तउ बँटवारा खातिर: {{para|formation_date3|formation}} लिखैं। अइसनै, अगर परदेस कय गढन राज्य के रूप मा भा है, तउ राज्य के रूप मा: {{para|formation_date2|formation1}} लिखैं। अइसन मान (Values) जिन्हैं अपने हाथे से लिंक ( [[Interwiki link|InterWiki]] ) करै कै जरुरत होइ सकत है, उ आहीं: कउनो मनई कै नाँव, जिला, परिसद अउर बिधानसभा, उच्च न्यायालय अउर भासा। {{Generic template demo | name |official_name |image_skyline |imagesize |image_alt |image_caption |type |image_seal |seal_size |seal_type |etymology |nickname |motto |anthem |image_map |mapsize |map_caption |coordinates |region |before_was |formation_date |formation_date1 |formation_date2 |formation_date3 |formation_date4 |capital |winter_capital |largestcity |metro |districts |government_footnotes |government_type |governor |chief_minister |party |deputy_cm |lt_governor |administrator |chief_secretary |judiciary |legislature_type |council |council_seats |assembly |assembly_seats |rajya_sabha_seats |lok_sabha_seats |area_rank |area_total_sq_mi |area_total_km2 |length_km |length_mi | width_km |width_mi |elevation_m |elevation_ft |population_total |population_rank |population_as_of |population_density |population_urban |population_rural |population_demonym |official_langs |additional_official |official_script |GDP_rank |GDP_year |GDP_total |GDP_per_capita |GDP_per_capita_rank |iso_code |registration_plate |HDI |HDI_year |literacy |literacy_year |literacy_rank |HDI_rank |sex_ratio |sexratio_year |sexratio_rank |website |footnotes |song |foundation_day |language |mammal |bird |butterfly |fish |flower |tree |fruit |image_highway |image_size_highway |sh_numbers | }} == इस्तेमाल (Usage) == === पूरा खाली सिंटैक्स (Complete empty syntax) === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = | official_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | coordinates = | region = | before_was = | formation_date = | formation_date1 = | formation_date2 = | formation_date3 = | formation_date4 = | capital = | winter_capital = | largestcity = | metro = | districts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governor = | chief_minister = | party = | lt_governor = | administrator = | chief_secretary = | judiciary = | legislature_type = | council = | council_seats = | assembly = | assembly_seats = | rajya_sabha_seats = | lok_sabha_seats = | area_rank = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | length_km = | width_km = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_point = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_rank = | population_as_of = | population_density = | population_density_rank = | population_urban = | population_rural = | population_demonym = | official_langs = | Regional_Langs = | National_Langs = | official_script = | GDP_total = | GDP_rank = | GDP_year = | GDP_per_capita = | GDP_per_capita_rank = | iso_code = | registration_plate = | HDI = | HDI_rank = | HDI_year = | literacy = | literacy_year = | literacy_rank = | sex_ratio = | sexratio_year = | sexratio_rank = | website = | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === पुरान परदेस खातिर सिंटैक्स (Syntax for Former territory) === ई पैरामीटर कय इस्तेमाल कउनो अइसन भौगोलिक छेत्र या अस्थान कै मुख्य जानकारी देखावै खातिर कीन जात है जउन पहिले भारत मा एकु अलग राजनीतिक हिस्सा रहै, मुला अब वर्तमान राज्य/केंद्रसासित परदेस कै हिस्सा आय या नया राज्य/परदेस बनि गा है। इन पैरामीटरन का चालू करै खातिर {{para|former|yes}} लिखैं। ध्यान देईं: जरुरत पड़ै पर बाकी अउर पैरामीटरन कय इस्तेमाल भी कीन जाइ सकत है। सिंटैक्स मा दीन गा टिप्पणी (comments) देखैं ताकि जान सकैं कि कउन पैरामीटर काहे खातिर आय। {{para|country|India}} अउर समय छेत्र (time zone) पहिले ते तय (default) आहीं। <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = | former = yes | govfirst_year = | gov_first = | govlast_year = | gov_last = | cmfirst_year = | cm_first = | cmlast_year = | cm_last = | year_start = | formation_date4 = | consolidation = | formation_date3 = | dissolution = | year_end = }} </syntaxhighlight> == माइक्रॉफॉर्मेट (Microformat) == {{UF-hcard-geo}} == टेम्पलेट डेटा (Template data) == {{TemplateData header}} {{collapse top|title=TemplateData}} <templatedata> { "params": { "name": { "label": "नाँव", "required": true, "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आम नाँव", "type": "content" }, "official_name": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आधिकारिक नाँव (अगर कउनो होय)।", "label": "आधिकारिक नाँव", "type": "content" }, "image_skyline": { "label": "चित्र (Image)", "description": "अस्थान के पहिचान खातिर हुवाँ कै कउनो निसानी, भूदृश्य या सास्कृतिक धरोहर कै चित्र।", "type": "content" }, "imagesize": { "label": "चित्र कै आकार", "description": "अगर चित्र जोड़ा गा है तउ ओकर आकार", "type": "number" }, "image_alt": { "label": "चित्र कै ऑल्टरनेटिव टेक्स्ट (Alt)", "description": "चित्र कै वैकल्पिक पाठ (Alternative text)।", "type": "string" }, "image_caption": { "label": "कैप्शन (Caption)", "description": "अगर चित्र जोड़ा गा है तउ ओकर विवरण।", "type": "string" }, "type": { "example": "State या Union Territory", "required": true, "label": "बसावट कै प्रकार (Type)", "description": "बसावट कै प्रकार, जउन \"State\" (राज्य) या \"Union Territory\" (केंद्रसासित परदेस) होइक चाही।", "type": "content" }, "nickname": { "label": "उपनाम (Nickname)", "type": "content", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै मसहूर उपनाम।" }, "motto": { "label": "आदर्श वाक्य (Motto)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आदर्श वाक्य।", "type": "content" }, "anthem": { "label": "गान (Song)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै गान।", "example": "\"[[जय जय गरवी गुजरात]]\" <br/> [[File:File Name]]", "type": "content" }, "image_map": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "label": "नक्सा (Image Map)", "description": "भारत मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै अस्थान देखावै वाला नक्सा कै चित्र।" }, "government_footnotes": { "label": "सरकारी संदर्भ (Govt. References)", "description": "सरकार वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ (References)", "example": "<ref>{{cite web |title=SITE TITLE |url=https:// |url-status=live }}</ref>", "type": "string" }, "area_footnotes": { "label": "क्षेत्रफल संदर्भ (Area Reference)", "description": "क्षेत्रफल वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ", "example": "<ref>{{cite web |title=SITE TITLE |url=https:// |url-status=live }}</ref>", "type": "string" }, "area_total_km2": { "label": "कुल क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै कुल क्षेत्रफल (खाली नंबर लिखैं, कॉमा ना लगावैं, दशमलव लगाय सकत हीं)।", "example": "112345 या 112.345", "type": "number" }, "area_rank": { "label": "क्षेत्रफल कै दर्जा (Rank)", "type": "string", "description": "आकार के हिसाब से राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।" }, "elevation_footnotes": { "label": "ऊँचाई संदर्भ", "description": "ऊँचाई वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ" }, "elevation_m": { "label": "ऊँचाई (मीटर मा)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै ऊँचाई।", "example": "14 (नतीजा: 14 m)", "type": "number" }, "population_total": { "label": "कुल जनसँख्या", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै कुल जनसँख्या।", "type": "number" }, "population_as_of": { "label": "जनसँख्या कै साल", "description": "उ साल जब जनसँख्या कै सबसे ताजा गिनती भइ रहै।", "example": "2011", "type": "number" }, "population_rank": { "label": "जनसँख्या कै दर्जा", "description": "जनसँख्या के हिसाब से राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।", "type": "number" }, "population_density": { "label": "जनसँख्या घनत्व (वर्ग किमी)", "type": "number", "description": "प्रति वर्ग किलोमीटर जनसँख्या घनत्व।" }, "GDP_footnotes": { "label": "जीडीपी संदर्भ", "description": "जीडीपी (GDP) वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ।", "type": "string" }, "GDP_rank": { "label": "जीडीपी कै दर्जा", "description": "जीडीपी के हिसाब से भारत मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।", "type": "number" }, "GDP_year": { "label": "जीडीपी कै साल", "description": "उ साल जेहमा जीडीपी कै गिनती भइ रहै।", "type": "number" }, "GDP_total": { "label": "कुल जीडीपी", "description": "राज्य या परदेस कै कुल जीडीपी।", "example": "{{INRConvert|10.1|lc|lk=r}} ते 10.1 लाख करोड़ देखाय पड़ी, ट्रिलियन खातिर \"lc\" के जगह \"t\" लिखैं।", "type": "string" }, "GDP_per_capita": { "label": "जीडीपी प्रति मनई (Per capita)", "description": "राज्य या परदेस कै प्रति मनई जीडीपी", "example": "{{INRConvert|10111|lk=r}}", "type": "string" }, "GDP_per_capita_rank": { "label": "प्रति मनई दर्जा", "type": "string", "description": "प्रति मनई जीडीपी के हिसाब से राज्य या परदेस कै दर्जा।" }, "HDI_year": { "label": "एचडीआई (HDI) साल", "description": "उ साल जेहमा राज्य या परदेस कै एचडीआई नापा गा रहै।", "type": "number" }, "HDI_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "एचडीआई (HDI) दर्जा", "description": "एचडीआई (HDI) के हिसाब से राज्य या परदेस कै दर्जा।" }, "iso_code": { "label": "आईएसओ (ISO) कोड", "example": "IN-TG", "type": "string", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस खातिर आईएसओ (ISO) कोड।" }, "website": { "label": "सरकारी वेबसाइट", "description": "वेबसाइट के नाँव ते पहिले www या https लगावै कै कउनो जरुरत नाही", "example": "assam.gov.in", "type": "url" }, "footnotes": { "label": "टिप्पणी (Footnotes)", "description": "कउनो अउर जरुरी बात या समझावा जउन खाँचा मा देब जरुरी होय", "type": "string" }, "party": { "label": "मुख्यमंत्री कै पार्टी", "description": "सत्ता चलावै वाली राजनीतिक पार्टी कै छोट नाँव।", "example": "([[भारत कै राजनीतिक पार्टी|भारापा]])", "type": "string" }, "etymology": { "label": "नाँव कै उत्पत्ति (Etymology)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के नाँव कै साब्दिक अर्थ।", "type": "string" }, "coordinates": { "label": "अक्षांश-देशांतर (Coordinates)", "example": "{{coord|41|50|15|N|87|40|55|W}}", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के राजधानी कै अक्षांश-देशांतर।" }, "HDI": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI)।", "type": "number" }, "registration_plate": { "label": "गाड़ी पंजीकरण (Registration)", "example": "MH", "type": "string" }, "image_seal": { "label": "निसान कै चित्र (Emblem Image)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के निसान (Emblem) कै चित्र।", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "foundation_day": { "label": "स्थापना दिवस", "type": "string" }, "mammal": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै जनावर", "type": "string" }, "bird": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै चिरई", "type": "string" }, "fish": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै मछरी", "type": "string" }, "butterfly": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै तितली", "type": "string" }, "flower": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै फूल", "type": "string" }, "tree": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै पेड़", "type": "string" }, "fruit": { "label": "राज्य/परदेस कै फल", "type": "string" }, "sexratio_year": { "description": "उ साल जेहमा राज्य या परदेस कै लिंगानुपात गिना गा रहै।", "type": "number", "label": "लिंगानुपात कै साल", "default": "2011" }, "winter_capital": { "label": "जाड़ा कै राजधानी", "description": "अगर राज्य या परदेस कै कउनो जाड़ा कै राजधानी (winter capital) है", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "former": { "label": "पुरान परदेस आय?", "type": "string", "description": "अगर राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कउनो पुरान (former) परदेस आय तउ लिखैं: yes , नाही तउ यहिका खाली छोड़ देईं।" }, "chief_minister": { "label": "मुख्यमंत्री", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के वर्तमान मुख्यमंत्री कै नाँव।", "type": "string" }, "population_urban": { "label": "सहरी जनसँख्या %", "description": "सहरी जनसँख्या कै प्रतिशत", "type": "string" }, "population_rural": { "label": "देहाती जनसँख्या %", "description": "देहाती जनसँख्या कै प्रतिशत", "type": "string" }, "population_demonym": { "label": "निवासी नाँव (Demonym)", "type": "string" }, "image_highway": { "label": "राज्य राजमार्ग निसान", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "राज्य राजमार्ग (State Highway) के पत्थर/निसान कै चित्र।" }, "region": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कउने छेत्र (region) मा है", "example": "दक्खिन भारत या पूर्वोत्तर भारत", "type": "wiki-page-name", "label": "छेत्र (Region)" }, "before_was": { "label": "पहिले रहै", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै पुरान नाँव या उ छेत्र कै नाँव जेहकै ई हिस्सा रहै।", "example": "[[बॉम्बे राज्य]] या [[सिक्किम राजशाही]]", "type": "string" }, "formation_date": { "label": "संघ मा सामिल", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस भारत संघ मा कब सामिल भा", "type": "date" }, "formation_date1": { "label": "केंद्रसासित परदेस के रूप मा", "description": "छेत्र का कब केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा मिला", "type": "date" }, "formation_date2": { "label": "राज्य के रूप मा", "description": "छेत्र का कब राज्य कै दर्जा मिला (अगर ई तारीख गढन के तारीख के बराबर है तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: formation1)", "type": "string" }, "formation_date3": { "label": "बँटवारा (Bifurcation)", "description": "राज्य कै बँटवारा कब भा (अगर बँटवारा अउर गढन कै तारीख एकै है तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: formation)", "example": "1 मई 1960 या formation", "type": "string" }, "formation_date4": { "label": "गढन (Formation)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै गढन कब भा", "type": "date", "suggested": true }, "capital": { "label": "राजधानी सहर", "description": "राज्य या परदेस कै राजधानी (अगर राजधानी अउर सबते बड़ सहर एकै आहीं, तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: capital .", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "largestcity": { "description": "अगर राजधानी अउर सबते बड़ सहर एकै आहीं, तउ खाली ई शब्द लिखैं: capital", "example": "अगर राजधानी सहर: बेंगलुरु है ; तउ सबते बड़ सहर मा लिखैं: capital", "type": "wiki-page-name", "suggested": true, "label": "सबते बड़ सहर" }, "metro": { "label": "सबते बड़ मेट्रो (Metro Area)", "description": "सबते बड़ मेट्रोपॉलिटन छेत्र", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "districts": { "label": "जिला (Districts)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस मा कुल जिला कै गिनती।", "example": "[[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36]] या [[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36 (6 मण्डल)]]", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "judiciary": { "label": "उच्च न्यायालय", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै उच्च न्यायालय।", "type": "string" }, "assembly": { "label": "बिधानसभा", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के बिधानसभा कै नाँव ", "example": "[[तमिलनाडु बिधानसभा]]", "type": "content" }, "assembly_seats": { "label": "बिधानसभा सीट", "description": "राज्य बिधानसभा सीट कै गिनती।", "example": "234 सीट", "type": "string" }, "council": { "label": "परिसद (Council)", "description": "राज्य बिधान परिसद कै नाँव।", "example": "[[महाराष्ट्र बिधान परिसद]]", "type": "content" }, "council_seats": { "label": "परिसद सीट", "description": "राज्य परिसद सीट कै कुल गिनती।", "example": "78 सीट", "type": "string" }, "rajya_sabha_seats": { "label": "राज्यसभा सीट", "description": "राज्यसभा मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के सीटन कै कुल गिनती।", "example": "1 सीट या 2 सीट", "type": "string" }, "lok_sabha_seats": { "label": "लोकसभा सीट", "description": "लोकसभा मा राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के सीटन कै कुल गिनती।", "example": "1 सीट या 2 सीट", "type": "string" }, "official_langs": { "label": "आधिकारिक भासा", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै आधिकारिक भासा।", "type": "content" }, "additional_official": { "label": "अउर आधिकारिक भासा", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै अउर आधिकारिक भासा (अगर कउनो होय)।", "type": "content" }, "literacy": { "description": "सबसे ताजा गिनती के अनुसार राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै साक्षरता दर।", "type": "number", "label": "साक्षरता दर" }, "literacy_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "साक्षरता दर्जा" }, "literacy_year": { "description": "उ साल जेहमा साक्षरता दर कै गिनती भइ रहै।", "type": "number", "label": "साक्षरता साल", "example": "2011", "default": "2011" }, "legislature_type": { "description": "बिधानमंडल कै प्रकार ", "example": "एकसदनीय (Unicameral)", "type": "string", "label": "बिधानमंडल प्रकार" }, "sex_ratio": { "label": "लिंगानुपात (Sex ratio)", "description": "प्रति 1000 पुरुषन पर मेहरारून कै गिनती।", "example": "1000[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "1000[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]" ] }, "population_footnotes": { "label": "जनसँख्या संदर्भ", "description": "जनसँख्या वाले खण्ड खातिर संदर्भ।", "type": "string" }, "seal_size": { "label": "निसान कै आकार", "description": "खाली तब इस्तेमाल करैं जब चित्र खातिर 125 बहुत बड़ा या बहुत छोट होय।", "example": "100", "type": "string", "default": "125" }, "sexratio_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "लिंगानुपात दर्जा" }, "official_script": { "label": "आधिकारिक लिपि", "type": "string" }, "density_rank": { "label": "घनत्व दर्जा", "description": "जनसँख्या घनत्व के हिसाब से राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस कै दर्जा।", "type": "number" }, "length_km": { "label": "लंबाई (किमी मा)", "description": "लंबाई (किमी मा)", "type": "number" }, "width_km": { "label": "चौड़ाई (किमी मा)", "type": "number" }, "elevation_max_m": { "label": "अधिकतम ऊँचाई (मीटर मा)", "type": "number" }, "elevation_max_point": { "label": "अधिकतम ऊँचाई बिंदु", "type": "string" }, "elevation_min_m": { "label": "न्यूनतम ऊँचाई (मीटर मा)", "type": "number" }, "elevation_min_point": { "label": "न्यूनतम ऊँचाई बिंदु", "type": "string" }, "dissolution": { "label": "समाप्ती (Dissolution)", "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string" }, "consolidation": { "label": "मिलाव (Consolidation)", "type": "string" }, "year_start": { "description": "उ साल जब परदेस एक्ठु अलग इकाई के रूप मा स्थापित भा रहै (खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय)", "type": "string", "label": "गढन कै साल" }, "year_end": { "description": "उ साल जब राज्य या परदेस का खतम या दूसर मा मिलाय दीन गा (खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय)", "type": "string", "label": "समाप्ती कै साल" }, "govfirst_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले राज्यपाल कै साल" }, "gov_first": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले राज्यपाल" }, "govlast_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी राज्यपाल कै साल" }, "gov_last": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी राज्यपाल" }, "cmfirst_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले मुख्यमंत्री कै साल" }, "cm_first": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "पहिले मुख्यमंत्री" }, "cmlast_year": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी मुख्यमंत्री कै साल" }, "cm_last": { "description": "खाली तब जोड़ैं जब ई कउनो पुरान राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस होय", "type": "string", "label": "आखिरी मुख्यमंत्री" }, "governor": { "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के वर्तमान राज्यपाल कै नाँव।", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "lt_governor": { "label": "उपराज्यपाल (Lieutenant Governor)", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के वर्तमान उपराज्यपाल कै नाँव।" }, "deputy_cm": { "label": "उपमुख्यमंत्री (Deputy CM)", "description": "राज्य या परदेस के उपमुख्यमंत्री कै नाँव (खाली तब इस्तेमाल करैं जब गठबंधन कै सरकार होय)", "type": "string" }, "chief_secretary": { "label": "मुख्य सचिव", "description": "राज्य या केंद्रसासित परदेस के मुख्य सचिव कै नाँव ", "type": "string" }, "administrator": { "label": "प्रसासक (Administrator)", "description": "केंद्रसासित परदेस के प्रसासक कै नाँव (यहिका देखावै खातिर प्रकार: Union Territory तय करैं।)", "type": "string" }, "sh_numbers": { "label": "राजमार्ग (SH) नंबर", "description": "राज्य राजमार्ग कै नंबर।", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "official_name", "former", "image_skyline", "imagesize", "image_alt", "image_caption", "type", "image_seal", "seal_size", "etymology", "nickname", "motto", "anthem", "image_map", "coordinates", "region", "before_was", "formation_date", "formation_date1", "formation_date2", "formation_date3", "consolidation", "formation_date4", "dissolution", "capital", "winter_capital", "largestcity", "metro", "districts", "government_footnotes", "governor", "lt_governor", "chief_minister", "party", "deputy_cm", "administrator", "chief_secretary", "legislature_type", "council", "council_seats", "assembly", "assembly_seats", "rajya_sabha_seats", "lok_sabha_seats", "judiciary", "area_footnotes", "area_total_km2", "area_rank", "length_km", "width_km", "elevation_footnotes", "elevation_m", "elevation_max_m", "elevation_max_point", "elevation_min_m", "elevation_min_point", "population_footnotes", "population_total", "population_as_of", "population_rank", "population_density", "density_rank", "population_urban", "population_rural", "population_demonym", "official_langs", "additional_official", "official_script", "GDP_footnotes", "GDP_total", "GDP_year", "GDP_rank", "GDP_per_capita", "GDP_per_capita_rank", "HDI", "HDI_year", "HDI_rank", "literacy", "literacy_year", "literacy_rank", "sex_ratio", "sexratio_year", "sexratio_rank", "iso_code", "registration_plate", "website", "footnotes", "foundation_day", "mammal", "bird", "fish", "butterfly", "flower", "tree", "fruit", "image_highway", "sh_numbers", "year_start", "year_end", "govfirst_year", "gov_first", "govlast_year", "gov_last", "cmfirst_year", "cm_first", "cmlast_year", "cm_last" ], "description": "भारतीय राज्य अउर केंद्रसासित परदेस खातिर इन्फोबॉक्स", "format": "block" } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == उदाहरण (Examples) == === 1) पहिला उदाहरण === ई खाली उदाहरण आहीं, ई देखावै खातिर कि {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} कइसे देखाय पड़त है। होइ सकत है कि इन उदाहरणन मा हाल कै अउर एकदम सही जानकारी ना होय। {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = महाराष्ट्र | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Maharashtra.svg | seal_type = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]] | etymology = महा ("महान") अउर राष्ट्र ("देस/साम्राज्य") | motto = प्रतिपच्चन्द्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्व वन्दिता महाराष्ट्रस्य राज्यस्य मुद्रा भद्राय राजते | anthem = [[जय जय महाराष्ट्र माझा]] | image_map = IN-MH.svg | map_alt = भारत कै नक्सा जेहमा महाराष्ट्र देखावा गा है | coordinates = {{coord|18.97|72.82|region:IN-MH_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | region = पच्छिमी भारत | before_was = [[बॉम्बे राज्य|बॉम्बे राज्य (1950–1960)]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 1 मई 1960 | capital = मुम्बई | winter_capital = नागपुर | largestcity = मुम्बई | metro = मुम्बई मेट्रोपॉलिटन छेत्र | districts = [[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36 (6 मण्डल)]] | governor = [[रमेश बैस]] | chief_minister = [[एकनाथ शिंदे]] | party = [[शिवसेना|शिसे]] | judiciary = [[बॉम्बे उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = द्विसदनीय | assembly = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 228 सीट | council = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधान परिसद]] | council_seats = 78 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 19 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 48 सीट | area_total_km2 = 307713 | area_rank = तीसर | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 112,374,333 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = दूसर | population_urban = 45.22% | population_rural = 54.78% | population_density = 370 | population_demonym = महाराष्ट्रीयन | official_langs = मराठी | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|31.97|t|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2021–22 अनुमानित | GDP_rank = पहिला | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|225073|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 14वाँ | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.750 | HDI_rank = 9वाँ | literacy = 84.8% | literacy_year = 2017 | sex_ratio = 966 | sexratio_year = 2021 | iso_code = IN-MH | registration_plate = MH | website = maharashtra.gov.in | footnotes = गोवा के साथ संयुक्त उच्च न्यायालय | foundation_day = महाराष्ट्र दिवस | bird = हरियल (Yellow-footed green pigeon) | fish = रोहू | butterfly = ब्लू मॉर्मन | flower = जरुल | tree = आम कै पेड़ | image_highway = Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra).png | image_size_highway = 100 | sh_numbers = [[महाराष्ट्र के राज्य राजमार्गन कै सूची|MH SH1-MH SH368]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space: pre-wrap;"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = महाराष्ट्र | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Maharashtra.svg | seal_type = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]] | etymology = महा ("महान") अउर राष्ट्र ("देस/साम्राज्य") | motto = प्रतिपच्चन्द्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्व वन्दिता महाराष्ट्रस्य राज्यस्य मुद्रा भद्राय राजते | anthem = [[जय जय महाराष्ट्र माझा]] | image_map = IN-MH.svg | map_alt = भारत कै नक्सा जेहमा महाराष्ट्र देखावा गा है | coordinates = {{coord|18.97|72.82|region:IN-MH_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | region = पच्छिमी भारत | before_was = [[बॉम्बे राज्य|बॉम्बे राज्य (1950–1960)]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 1 मई 1960 | capital = मुम्बई | winter_capital = नागपुर | largestcity = मुम्बई | metro = मुम्बई मेट्रोपॉलिटन छेत्र | districts = [[महाराष्ट्र के जिला कै सूची|36 (6 मण्डल)]] | governor = [[भगत सिंह कोश्यारी]] | chief_minister = [[एकनाथ शिंदे]] | party = [[बालासाहेबांची शिवसेना|बाशिसे]] | judiciary = [[बॉम्बे उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = द्विसदनीय | assembly = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 228 सीट | council = [[महाराष्ट्र बिधान परिसद]] | council_seats = 78 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 19 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 48 सीट | area_total_km2 = 307713 | area_rank = तीसर | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 112,374,333 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = दूसर | population_urban = 45.22% | population_rural = 54.78% | population_density = 370 | population_demonym = महाराष्ट्रीयन | official_langs = मराठी | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|31.97|t|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2021–22 अनुमानित | GDP_rank = पहिला | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|225073|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 14वाँ | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.750 | HDI_rank = 9वाँ | literacy = 84.8% | literacy_year = 2017 | sex_ratio = 966 | sexratio_year = 2021 | iso_code = IN-MH | registration_plate = MH | website = maharashtra.gov.in | footnotes = गोवा के साथ संयुक्त उच्च न्यायालय | foundation_day = महाराष्ट्र दिवस | bird = हरियल (Yellow-footed green pigeon) | fish = रोहू | butterfly = ब्लू मॉर्मन | flower = जरुल | tree = आम कै पेड़ | image_highway = Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra).png | image_size_highway = 100 | sh_numbers = [[महाराष्ट्र के राज्य राजमार्गन कै सूची|MH SH1-MH SH368]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ---- === 2) दूसर उदाहरण === {{Template:Infobox Indian state or territory | name = पुदुच्चेरी | type = Union Territory | image_seal = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png | seal_type = पुदुच्चेरी कै निसान | motto = सत्यमेव जयते <br/> (सच्चाई कै हमेशा जीत होत है) | anthem = [[तमिल थाई वल्थु (तमिलनाडु)|तमिल थाई वल्थु]] | image_map = IN-PY.svg | region = दक्खिन भारत | formation_date = 1 नवम्बर 1954 | formation_date4 = 1 जुलाई 1963 | capital = पुदुच्चेरी (सहर){{!}}पुदुच्चेरी | largestcity = capital | districts = [[पुदुच्चेरी के जिला कै सूची|4]] | lt_governor = [[तमिलिसाई सौंदरराजन]] | chief_minister = [[एन. रंगास्वामी]] | party = [[ऑल इंडिया एन.आर. कांग्रेस|AINRC]] | chief_secretary = अश्वनी कुमार, IAS | judiciary = [[मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = एकसदनीय | assembly = [[पुदुच्चेरी बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 33 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | area_total_km2 = 483 | area_rank = 34वाँ | population_total = 1,394,467 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 29वाँ | population_urban = 68.33% | population_rural = 31.67% | population_density = 2,900 | official_langs = [[तमिल भासा|तमिल]] •[[अंग्रेज़ी भासा|अंग्रेज़ी]] •[[फ़्रांसीसी भासा|फ़्रांसीसी]] | additional_official = [[मलयालम]] • [[तेलुगु भासा|तेलुगु]] | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|210|b|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2019-20 | GDP_rank = 26वाँ | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|206888|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10वाँ | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI = {{increase}}0.740 (<span style="color:#090">High</span>) | HDI_rank = 7वाँ | literacy = 86.55% | literacy_year = 2011 | sex_ratio = 1037 | sexratio_year = 2011 | iso_code = IN-PY | registration_plate = PY 01 - PY 05 | website = py.gov.in | footnotes = फ़्रांसीसी भारत के इलाके का पूरी तरह ते भारत गणराज्य का सौंप दीन गा रहै। }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space: pre-wrap;"> {{Template:Infobox Indian state or territory | name = पुदुच्चेरी | type = Union Territory | image_seal = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png | seal_type = पुदुच्चेरी कै निसान | motto = सत्यमेव जयते <br/> (सच्चाई कै हमेशा जीत होत है) | anthem = [[तमिल थाई वल्थु (तमिलनाडु)|तमिल थाई वल्थु]] | image_map = IN-PY.svg | region = दक्खिन भारत | formation_date = 1 नवम्बर 1954 | formation_date4 = 1 जुलाई 1963 | capital = पुदुच्चेरी (सहर){{!}}पुदुच्चेरी | largestcity = capital | districts = [[पुदुच्चेरी के जिला कै सूची|4]] | lt_governor = [[तमिलिसाई सौंदरराजन]] | chief_minister = [[एन. रंगास्वामी]] | party = [[ऑल इंडिया एन.आर. कांग्रेस|AINRC]] | chief_secretary = अश्वनी कुमार, IAS | judiciary = [[मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय]] | legislature_type = एकसदनीय | assembly = [[पुदुच्चेरी बिधानसभा]] | assembly_seats = 33 सीट | rajya_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | lok_sabha_seats = 1 सीट | area_total_km2 = 483 | area_rank = 34वाँ | population_total = 1,394,467 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 29वाँ | population_urban = 68.33% | population_rural = 31.67% | population_density = 2,900 | official_langs = [[तमिल भासा|तमिल]] •[[अंग्रेज़ी भासा|अंग्रेज़ी]] •[[फ़्रांसीसी भासा|फ़्रांसीसी]] | additional_official = [[मलयालम]] • [[तेलुगु भासा|तेलुगु]] | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|210|b|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2019-20 | GDP_rank = 26वाँ | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|206888|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10वाँ | coastline = 30.6 | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI = {{increase}}0.740 (<span style="color:#090">High</span>) | HDI_rank = 7वाँ | literacy = 86.55% | literacy_year = 2011 | sex_ratio = 1037 | sexratio_year = 2011 | iso_code = IN-PY | registration_plate = PY 01 - PY 05 | website = py.gov.in | footnotes = फ़्रांसीसी भारत के इलाके का पूरी तरह ते भारत गणराज्य का सौंप दीन गा रहै। }} </syntaxhighlight> == ट्रैकिंग श्रेणी (Tracking category) == * {{clc|Pages using infobox Indian state or territory with unknown parameters}} 7opvo95edx7rxxmjjzv4jqpl46lxn1n 35522 35518 2026-07-08T21:01:57Z Avimaarak 3578 35522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{uses infobox settlement}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Settlement short description}} The {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} is used to display information about a state or union territory in india (present or former) in a standardized format. It is designed to provide a quick overview of key facts and figures related to the state or territory. For the guidelines and additional informations about using perametares see, [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject Indian cities#Basic India conventions|Basic India Conventions]]. Enter {{para|largest_city|capital}}, if the capital and the largest city are the same. If the state or territory has a winter capital then the largest city should be mentioned, even if it is the same as the capital one. If the state or territory was formed with/by a bifurcation, then mention Bifurcation:{{para|formation_date3|formation}} . Similarly, if the state or territory was formed as a state, then mention As State:{{para|formation_date2|formation1}}. Values that might be necessitate manually linking ( [[Interwiki link|InterWiki]] ) are: any person's name, District, Council and Assembly, High court and Languages. {{Generic template demo | name |official_name |image_skyline |imagesize |image_alt |image_caption |type |image_seal |seal_size |seal_type |etymology |nickname |motto |anthem |image_map |mapsize |map_caption |coordinates |region |before_was |formation_date |formation_date1 |formation_date2 |formation_date3 |formation_date4 |capital |winter_capital |largestcity |metro |districts |government_footnotes |government_type |governor |chief_minister |party |deputy_cm |lt_governor |administrator |chief_secretary |judiciary |legislature_type |council |council_seats |assembly |assembly_seats |rajya_sabha_seats |lok_sabha_seats |area_rank |area_total_sq_mi |area_total_km2 |length_km |length_mi | width_km |width_mi |elevation_m |elevation_ft |population_total |population_rank |population_as_of |population_density |population_urban |population_rural |population_demonym |official_langs |additional_official |official_script |GDP_rank |GDP_year |GDP_total |GDP_per_capita |GDP_per_capita_rank |iso_code |registration_plate |HDI |HDI_year |literacy |literacy_year |literacy_rank |HDI_rank |sex_ratio |sexratio_year |sexratio_rank |website |footnotes |song |foundation_day |language |mammal |bird |butterfly |fish |flower |tree |fruit |image_highway |image_size_highway |sh_numbers | }} ==Usage== === Complete empty syntax === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = | official_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | coordinates = | region = | before_was = | formation_date = | formation_date1 = | formation_date2 = | formation_date3 = | formation_date4 = | capital = | winter_capital = | largestcity = | metro = | districts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governor = | chief_minister = | party = | lt_governor = | administrator = | chief_secretary = | judiciary = | legislature_type = | council = | council_seats = | assembly = | assembly_seats = | rajya_sabha_seats = | lok_sabha_seats = | area_rank = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | length_km = | width_km = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_point = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_rank = | population_as_of = | population_density = | population_density_rank = | population_urban = | population_rural = | population_demonym = | official_langs = | Regional_Langs = | National_Langs = | official_script = | GDP_total = | GDP_rank = | GDP_year = | GDP_per_capita = | GDP_per_capita_rank = | iso_code = | registration_plate = | HDI = | HDI_rank = | HDI_year = | literacy = | literacy_year = | literacy_rank = | sex_ratio = | sexratio_year = | sexratio_rank = | website = | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === Syntax for Former territory === These parameters are used to display key information about a geographic area or region that was once a separate political entity within India but is now a part of present-day state/union territory or formed as a new state/territory. Specify {{para|former|yes}}, to use/ activate these parameters. Note: all the other parameters can also be used (if needed). See the comments on the syntax to understand which parameters are what for.{{para|country|India}} and the time zone are defaults. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = | former = yes | govfirst_year = <!-- administration period of the first governor of the state or territory --> | gov_first = <!-- name of the first governor of the state or territory --> | govlast_year = <!-- administration period of the last governor of the state or territory --> | gov_last = <!-- name of the last governor of the state or territory --> | cmfirst_year = <!-- administration period of the first chief minister of the state or territory --> | cm_first = <!-- name of the first chief minister --> | cmlast_year = <!-- administration period of the last chief minister of the state or territory --> | cm_last = <!-- name of the last chief minister --> | year_start = <!-- the year in which the territory was established as a separate entity --> | formation_date4 = <!-- formation date of the state or territory --> | consolidation = <!-- date when the states or territories were merged with each other or into another state --> | formation_date3 = <!-- date when the state or territory was bifurcated --> | dissolution = <!-- date when the state or territory was disestablished --> | year_end = <!-- the year in which the state or territory was dissolved or merged with another entity --> }} </syntaxhighlight> ==Microformat== {{UF-hcard-geo}} ==Template data== {{TemplateData header}} {{collapse top|title=TemplateData}} <templatedata> { "params": { "name": { "label": "Name", "required": true, "description": "The common name of the state or union territory", "type": "content" }, "official_name": { "description": "Official name of the state or union territory, if any.", "label": "Official Name", "type": "content" }, "image_skyline": { "label": "Image", "description": "It can be any image for identification of the landmarks or landscapes or cultural heritage of the place that the editor(s) wish.", "type": "content" }, "imagesize": { "label": "Imagesize", "description": "Size of the image if added", "type": "number" }, "image_alt": { "label": "Image alt", "description": "It can be alternative to the image.", "type": "string" }, "image_caption": { "label": "Caption", "description": "Description of the image(s) if added.", "type": "string" }, "type": { "example": "State or Union Territory", "required": true, "label": "Settlement Type", "description": "The type of settlement, which should be \"State\" or \"Union Territory\".", "type": "content" }, "nickname": { "label": "Nickname", "type": "content", "description": "Popular nickname of the state or union territory." }, "motto": { "label": "Motto", "description": "The state or Union territory's motto.", "type": "content" }, "anthem": { "label": "Song", "description": "The state or Union territory's song.", "example": "\"[[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]\" <br/> [[File:File Name]]", "type": "content" }, "image_map": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "label": "Image Map", "description": "Image of location map of the state or union territory in India." }, "government_footnotes": { "label": "Govt. References", "description": "References for the government section", "example": "<ref>{{cite web |title=SITE TITLE |url=https:// |url-status=live }}</ref>", "type": "string" }, "area_footnotes": { "label": "Area Reference", "description": "References for the area section", "example": "<ref>{{cite web |title=SITE TITLE |url=https:// |url-status=live }}</ref>", "type": "string" }, "area_total_km2": { "label": "Total Area km2", "description": "Total area of the state or Union territory (Only use numbers, no need to add comma,decimals can be added).", "example": "112345 or 112.345", "type": "number" }, "area_rank": { "label": "Area rank", "type": "string", "description": "Rank of the State or Union Territory by size, overall or only among Indian states or union territories." }, "elevation_footnotes": { "label": "Elevation References", "description": "References for elevation section" }, "elevation_m": { "label": "Elevation Meter", "description": "Elevation of the state or union territory.", "example": "14 (Result: 14 m)", "type": "number" }, "population_total": { "label": "Total Population", "description": "Total population of the state or union territory.", "type": "number" }, "population_as_of": { "label": "Population Year", "description": "The year the most recent census was conducted.", "example": "2011", "type": "number" }, "population_rank": { "label": "Population Rank", "description": "Rank of the State or Union Territory by population, overall or only among states or union territories.", "type": "number" }, "population_density": { "label": "Population Density KM2", "type": "number", "description": "Population density in per square kilometre." }, "GDP_footnotes": { "label": "GDP References", "description": "References for the GDP section.", "type": "string" }, "GDP_rank": { "label": "GDP Rank", "description": "Rank of the state or union territory in India by GDP or GSDP.", "type": "number" }, "GDP_year": { "label": "GDP Year", "description": "The year in which GDP or GSDP was enumerated.", "type": "number" }, "GDP_total": { "label": "Total GDP", "description": "Total GDP of the state or territory.", "example": "{{INRConvert|10.1|lc|lk=r}} Value will come 10.1 lakh crore, replace \"lc\" with \"t\" for value with trillion unite.", "type": "string" }, "GDP_per_capita": { "label": "GDP per capita", "description": "Per capita GDP of the state or territory", "example": "{{INRConvert|10111|lk=r}}", "type": "string" }, "GDP_per_capita_rank": { "label": "Per capita rank", "type": "string", "description": "The rank of the state or territory by Per Capita GDP." }, "HDI_year": { "label": "HDI Year", "description": "The year in which state or union territory's HDI was enumerated.", "type": "number" }, "HDI_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "HDI Rank", "description": "The rank of the state or territory by HDI." }, "iso_code": { "label": "ISO code", "example": "IN-TG", "type": "string", "description": "The ISO code for the state or union territory." }, "website": { "label": "Govt. Website", "description": "No need to add www or https before the website name", "example": "assam.gov.in", "type": "url" }, "footnotes": { "label": "Footnotes", "description": "Any additional notes or explanations that may be needed for the Infobox", "type": "string" }, "party": { "label": "CM's Party", "description": "Short form of the name of the governing political party.", "example": "([[Political Party of India|PPI]])", "type": "string" }, "etymology": { "label": "Etymology", "description": "Literal meaning of the name of the state or union territory.", "type": "string" }, "coordinates": { "label": "Coordinates", "example": "{{coord|41|50|15|N|87|40|55|W}}", "description": "Coordinates of the state or union territory's capital." }, "HDI": { "description": "Human Development Index of the state or union territory. ", "type": "number" }, "registration_plate": { "label": "Vehicle Registration ", "example": "MH", "type": "string" }, "image_seal": { "label": "Emblem Image", "description": "Image of the state or union territory's Emblem.", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "foundation_day": { "label": "State/UT Foundation day", "type": "string" }, "mammal": { "label": "State/UT Mammal", "type": "string" }, "bird": { "label": "State/UT Bird", "type": "string" }, "fish": { "label": "State/UT Fish", "type": "string" }, "butterfly": { "label": "State/UT Butterfly", "type": "string" }, "flower": { "label": "State/UT Flower", "type": "string" }, "tree": { "label": "State/UT Tree", "type": "string" }, "fruit": { "label": "State/UT Fruit ", "type": "string" }, "sexratio_year": { "description": "The year in which sex ratio of the state or union territory was enumerated.", "type": "number", "label": "Sexratio Year", "default": "2011" }, "winter_capital": { "label": "Winter capital", "description": "If the state or union territory has a winter capital", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "former": { "label": "Former territory ?", "type": "string", "description": "If the State or Union Territory was a former territory then enter: yes , otherwise leave it blank." }, "chief_minister": { "label": "Chief Minister", "description": "Name of the state or union territory's Chief Minister.", "type": "string" }, "population_urban": { "label": "Urban Population %", "description": "Percentage of Urban Population", "type": "string" }, "population_rural": { "label": "Rural Population %", "description": "Percentage of Rural Population", "type": "string" }, "population_demonym": { "label": "Population Demonym ", "type": "string" }, "image_highway": { "label": "State Highway mark", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "Image of State Highway Milestone/mark. " }, "region": { "description": "In which region or zone the state or Union territory is located", "example": "South India or North-East India", "type": "wiki-page-name", "label": "Region" }, "before_was": { "label": "Before was", "description": "Former name of the state or union territory or the name of the region it was part of.", "example": "[[Bombay State]] or [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]", "type": "string" }, "formation_date": { "label": "Admission to Union", "description": "When the state or union territory joined the Indian union", "type": "date" }, "formation_date1": { "label": "As Union territory", "description": "When the region was recognized as an Union territory", "type": "date" }, "formation_date2": { "label": "As State", "description": "When the region was recognized as a State ( If this date is same as the formation date then just enter the word: formation1)", "type": "string" }, "formation_date3": { "label": "Bifurcation", "description": "When the state was separated or Bifurcated (Just enter the word: formation , if the bifurcation and formation dates are the same)", "example": "1 May 1960 or formation", "type": "string" }, "formation_date4": { "label": "Formation", "description": "When the state or union territory was formed or established", "type": "date", "suggested": true }, "capital": { "label": "Capital City", "description": "Largest City of the state or union territory ( If the capital and largest city are the same, then just enter the word: capital .", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "largestcity": { "description": "If the capital and largest city are the same, then just fill in the space with the word: capital", "example": "If Capital City: Bengaluru ; then Largest City: capital", "type": "wiki-page-name", "suggested": true, "label": "Largest City" }, "metro": { "label": "Largest Metro Area ", "description": "Largest Metropolitan area ", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "districts": { "label": "Districts", "description": "Total number of districts in the state or Union territory.", "example": "[[List of districts of Maharashtra|36]] or [[List of districts of Maharashtra|36 (6 divisions)]]", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "judiciary": { "label": "High court", "description": "High court for the state of union territory.", "type": "string" }, "assembly": { "label": "Assembly", "description": "Name of the State or UT Legislative Assembly ", "example": "[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]", "type": "content" }, "assembly_seats": { "label": "Assembly Seats ", "description": "State Legislative Assembly Seats.", "example": "234 seats", "type": "string" }, "council": { "label": "Council", "description": "Name of the State Legislative Council.", "example": "[[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]", "type": "content" }, "council_seats": { "label": "Council Seats", "description": "Total number of state's council seats.", "example": "78 seats", "type": "string" }, "rajya_sabha_seats": { "label": "Rajya Sabha Seats", "description": "Total number of seats of the state or union territory in Rajya sabha.", "example": "1 seat or 2 seats", "type": "string" }, "lok_sabha_seats": { "label": " Lok Sabha Seats", "description": "Total number of seats of the state or union territory in Lok sabha.", "example": "1 seat or 2 seats", "type": "string" }, "official_langs": { "label": "Official Languages", "description": "Official language(s) of the state or union territory. ", "type": "content" }, "additional_official": { "label": "Additional Official", "description": "Additional official languages of the state or union territory, if any.", "type": "content" }, "literacy": { "description": "The literacy rate of the state or union territory as recorded in the most recent census.", "type": "number", "label": "Literacy Rate" }, "literacy_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "Literacy Rank" }, "literacy_year": { "description": "The year in which Literacy rate was enumerated.", "type": "number", "label": "Literacy Year", "example": "2011", "default": "2011" }, "legislature_type": { "description": "Type of Legislature ", "example": "Unicameral", "type": "string", "label": "Legislature Type" }, "sex_ratio": { "label": "Sex ratio", "description": "Number of females per 1000 males.", "example": "1000[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "1000[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]" ] }, "population_footnotes": { "label": "Population References", "description": "References for the Population Section.", "type": "string" }, "seal_size": { "label": "Emblem Size", "description": "Use only if 125 is too big or small for the image.", "example": "100", "type": "string", "default": "125" }, "sexratio_rank": { "type": "string", "label": "Sexratio Rank" }, "official_script": { "label": "Official Script", "type": "string" }, "density_rank": { "label": "Density Rank", "description": "Rank of the state or union territory by population density.", "type": "number" }, "length_km": { "label": "Length KM", "description": "Length KM", "type": "number" }, "width_km": { "label": "Width KM", "type": "number" }, "elevation_max_m": { "label": "Elevation Max m", "type": "number" }, "elevation_max_point": { "label": "Elevation Max Point", "type": "string" }, "elevation_min_m": { "label": "Elevation Min m", "type": "number" }, "elevation_min_point": { "label": "Elevation Min Point", "type": "string" }, "dissolution": { "label": "Dissolution", "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string" }, "consolidation": { "label": "Consolidation", "type": "string" }, "year_start": { "description": "The year in which the territory was established as a separate entity (Add only if it's a former state or union territory)", "type": "string", "label": "Formation Year" }, "year_end": { "description": "The year in which the state or territory was dissolved or merged with another entity (Add only if it's a former state or union territory)", "type": "string", "label": "Dissolution Year" }, "govfirst_year": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "First governor Year" }, "gov_first": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "First governor" }, "govlast_year": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "Last governor Year" }, "gov_last": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "Last Governor" }, "cmfirst_year": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "First CM Year" }, "cm_first": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "First CM" }, "cmlast_year": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "Last CM Year" }, "cm_last": { "description": "Add only if it's a former state or union territory", "type": "string", "label": "Last CM" }, "governor": { "description": "The name of the current Governor of the state or union territory.", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "lt_governor": { "label": "Lieutenant Governor", "description": "The name of the current Lieutenant Governor of the state or union territory." }, "deputy_cm": { "label": "Deputy CM", "description": "Name of Deputy Chief Minister of the state or territory ( Use only if the government is a Coalition )", "type": "string" }, "chief_secretary": { "label": "Chief Secretary ", "description": "Name of the Chief Secretary of the State or Union territory ", "type": "string" }, "administrator": { "label": "Administrator", "description": "Name of the Administrator of the Union Territory ( Specify, type: Union Territory to display this. )", "type": "string" }, "sh_numbers": { "label": "SH Numbers", "description": "The number of State Highways. ", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "official_name", "former", "image_skyline", "imagesize", "image_alt", "image_caption", "type", "image_seal", "seal_size", "etymology", "nickname", "motto", "anthem", "image_map", "coordinates", "region", "before_was", "formation_date", "formation_date1", "formation_date2", "formation_date3", "consolidation", "formation_date4", "dissolution", "capital", "winter_capital", "largestcity", "metro", "districts", "government_footnotes", "governor", "lt_governor", "chief_minister", "party", "deputy_cm", "administrator", "chief_secretary", "legislature_type", "council", "council_seats", "assembly", "assembly_seats", "rajya_sabha_seats", "lok_sabha_seats", "judiciary", "area_footnotes", "area_total_km2", "area_rank", "length_km", "width_km", "elevation_footnotes", "elevation_m", "elevation_max_m", "elevation_max_point", "elevation_min_m", "elevation_min_point", "population_footnotes", "population_total", "population_as_of", "population_rank", "population_density", "density_rank", "population_urban", "population_rural", "population_demonym", "official_langs", "additional_official", "official_script", "GDP_footnotes", "GDP_total", "GDP_year", "GDP_rank", "GDP_per_capita", "GDP_per_capita_rank", "HDI", "HDI_year", "HDI_rank", "literacy", "literacy_year", "literacy_rank", "sex_ratio", "sexratio_year", "sexratio_rank", "iso_code", "registration_plate", "website", "footnotes", "foundation_day", "mammal", "bird", "fish", "butterfly", "flower", "tree", "fruit", "image_highway", "sh_numbers", "year_start", "year_end", "govfirst_year", "gov_first", "govlast_year", "gov_last", "cmfirst_year", "cm_first", "cmlast_year", "cm_last" ], "description": "Infobox for Indian States and Union Territories ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Examples == === 1) Example 1 === These are just examples, to show how the {{tl|Infobox Indian state or territory}} can be displayed. The examples may be doesn't have recent and totally accurate information. {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Maharashtra | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Maharashtra.svg | seal_type = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]] | etymology = Mahā ("great") and Rāṣṭra ("nation/dominion") | motto = Pratipaccandralēkhēva vardhiṣṇurviśva vanditā Mahārāṣṭrasya rājyasya mudrā bhadrāya rājatē | anthem = [[Jai Jai Maharashtra Maza]] | image_map = IN-MH.svg | map_alt = Map of India highlighting Maharashtra | coordinates = {{coord|18.97|72.82|region:IN-MH_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | region = West India | before_was = [[Bombay State|State of Bombay (1950–1960)]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 1 May 1960 | capital = Mumbai | winter_capital = Nagpur | largestcity = Mumbai | metro = Mumbai Metropolitan Region | districts = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|36 (6 divisions)]] | governor = [[Ramesh Bais]] | chief_minister = [[Eknath Shinde]] | party = [[Shiv Sena|SS]] | judiciary = [[Bombay High Court]] | legislature_type = Bicemiral | assembly = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 228 seats | council = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] | council_seats = 78 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 19 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 48 seats | area_total_km2 = 307713 | area_rank = 3rd | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 112,374,333 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 2nd | population_urban = 45.22% | population_rural = 54.78% | population_density = 370 | population_demonym = Maharashtrian | official_langs = Marathi | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|31.97|t|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2021–22 est | GDP_rank = 1st | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|225073|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 14th | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.750 | HDI_rank = 9th | literacy = 84.8% | literacy_year = 2017 | sex_ratio = 966 | sexratio_year = 2021 | iso_code = IN-MH | registration_plate = MH | website = maharashtra.gov.in | footnotes = Joint High Court with Goa | foundation_day = Maharashtra Day | bird = Yellow-footed green pigeon | fish = Rohu | butterfly = Blue mormon | flower = Jarul | tree = Mango tree | image_highway = Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra).png | image_size_highway = 100 | sh_numbers = [[List of state highways in Maharashtra|MH SH1-MH SH368]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space: pre-wrap;"> {{Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Maharashtra | type = State | image_seal = Seal of Maharashtra.svg | seal_type = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]] | etymology = Mahā ("great") and Rāshtra ("nation/dominion") | motto = Pratipaccandralēkhēva vardhiṣṇurviśva vanditā Mahārāṣṭrasya rājyasya mudrā bhadrāya rājatē | anthem = [[Jai Jai Maharashtra Maza]] | image_map = IN-MH.svg | map_alt = Map of India highlighting Maharashtra | coordinates = {{coord|18.97|72.82|region:IN-MH_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | region = West India | before_was = [[Bombay State|State of Bombay (1950–1960)]] | formation_date3 = formation | formation_date4 = 1 May 1960 | capital = Mumbai | winter_capital = Nagpur | largestcity = Mumbai | metro = Mumbai Metropolitan Region | districts = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|36 (6 divisions)]] | governor = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] | chief_minister = [[Eknath Shinde]] | party = [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena|BSS]] | judiciary = [[Bombay High Court]] | legislature_type = Bicemiral | assembly = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 228 seats | council = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] | council_seats = 78 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 19 seats | lok_sabha_seats = 48 seats | area_total_km2 = 307713 | area_rank = 3rd | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 112,374,333 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 2nd | population_urban = 45.22% | population_rural = 54.78% | population_density = 370 | population_demonym = Maharashtrian | official_langs = Marathi | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|31.97|t|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2021–22 est | GDP_rank = 1st | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|225073|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 14th | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI = 0.750 | HDI_rank = 9th | literacy = 84.8% | literacy_year = 2017 | sex_ratio = 966 | sexratio_year = 2021 | iso_code = IN-MH | registration_plate = MH | website = maharashtra.gov.in | footnotes = Joint High Court with Goa | foundation_day = Maharashtra Day | bird = Yellow-footed green pigeon | fish = Rohu | butterfly = Blue mormon | flower = Jarul | tree = Mango tree | image_highway = Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra).png | image_size_highway = 100 | sh_numbers = [[List of state highways in Maharashtra|MH SH1-MH SH368]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ---- === 2) Example 2 === {{Template:Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Puducherry | type = Union Territory | image_seal = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png | seal_type = Emblem of Puducherry | motto = Satyameva Jayate <br/> (Truth alone triumphs) | anthem = [[Tamil Thai Valthu (Tamil Nadu)|Tamil Thai Valthu]] | image_map = IN-PY.svg | region = South India | formation_date = 1 November 1954 | formation_date4 = 1 July 1963 | capital = Puducherry (city){{!}}Puducherry | largestcity = capital | districts = [[List of districts of Puducherry|4]] | lt_governor = [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]] | chief_minister = [[N. Rangaswamy]] | party = [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]] | chief_secretary = Ashwani Kumar, IAS | judiciary = [[Madras High Court]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 33 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 1 seat | lok_sabha_seats = 1 seat | area_total_km2 = 483 | area_rank = 34th | population_total = 1,394,467 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 29th | population_urban = 68.33% | population_rural = 31.67% | population_density = 2,900 | official_langs = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] •[[English language|English]] •[[French language|French]] | additional_official = [[Malayalam]] • [[Telugu language|Telugu]] | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|210|b|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2019-20 | GDP_rank = 26th | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|206888|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI = {{increase}}0.740 (<span style="color:#090">High</span>) | HDI_rank = 7th | literacy = 86.55% | literacy_year = 2011 | sex_ratio = 1037 | sexratio_year = 2011 | iso_code = IN-PY | registration_plate = PY 01 - PY 05 | website = py.gov.in | footnotes = Territories of French India were completely transferred to the Republic of India de facto. }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space: pre-wrap;"> {{Template:Infobox Indian state or territory | name = Puducherry | type = Union Territory | image_seal = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png | seal_type = Emblem of Puducherry | motto = Satyameva Jayate <br/> (Truth alone triumphs) | anthem = [[Tamil Thai Valthu (Tamil Nadu)|Tamil Thai Valthu]] | image_map = IN-PY.svg | region = South India | formation_date = 1 November 1954 | formation_date4 = 1 July 1963 | capital = Puducherry (city){{!}}Puducherry | largestcity = capital | districts = [[List of districts of Puducherry|4]] | lt_governor = [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]] | chief_minister = [[N. Rangaswamy]] | party = [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]] | chief_secretary = Ashwani Kumar, IAS | judiciary = [[Madras High Court]] | legislature_type = Unicameral | assembly = [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] | assembly_seats = 33 seats | rajya_sabha_seats = 1 seat | lok_sabha_seats = 1 seat | area_total_km2 = 483 | area_rank = 34th | population_total = 1,394,467 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 29th | population_urban = 68.33% | population_rural = 31.67% | population_density = 2,900 | official_langs = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] •[[English language|English]] •[[French language|French]] | additional_official = [[Malayalam]] • [[Telugu language|Telugu]] | GDP_total = {{INRConvert|210|b|lk=r}} | GDP_year = 2019-20 | GDP_rank = 26th | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|206888|lk=r}} | GDP_per_capita_rank = 10th | coastline = 30.6 | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI = {{increase}}0.740 (<span style="color:#090">High</span>) | HDI_rank = 7th | literacy = 86.55% | literacy_year = 2011 | sex_ratio = 1037 | sexratio_year = 2011 | iso_code = IN-PY | registration_plate = PY 01 - PY 05 | website = py.gov.in | footnotes = Territories of French India were completely transferred to the Republic of India de facto. }} </syntaxhighlight> == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using infobox Indian state or territory with unknown parameters}} liwnr6njovc36fb6o8s325cq7mwh8sk 10 9925 35523 2026-07-08T21:03:44Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template | {{Ombox | type = style | image = [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = '''This template is a customized [[Wikipedia:Wrapper templates|wrapper]] for {{tl|Infobox settlement}}'''. Any field from {{tld|Infobox settlement}} can work{{#if:{{{wrapped|}}}||&#32;so long as it is added to this template first}}. It will also emit the same [[hCard]...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template | {{Ombox | type = style | image = [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = '''This template is a customized [[Wikipedia:Wrapper templates|wrapper]] for {{tl|Infobox settlement}}'''. Any field from {{tld|Infobox settlement}} can work{{#if:{{{wrapped|}}}||&#32;so long as it is added to this template first}}. It will also emit the same [[hCard]] and [[Geo (microformat)|Geo]] [[microformat]]s as {{tld|Infobox settlement}}. Questions? Just ask [[Template talk:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|here]] or over at [[Template talk:Infobox settlement]]. }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{main|}}} | {{Ombox |text=This infobox wraps the [[Template:{{{main}}}|{{{main}}} template]]. See [[Template:{{{main}}}/doc]] for additional documentation.}} }}<!-- --><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}} |[[Category:Templates calling Infobox settlement|{{Remove first word|{{PAGENAME}}}}]]}}</includeonly><!-- -->}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lrknnnqp6u89ngnu13jtadfme3v3v76 10 9926 35524 2026-07-08T21:04:07Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == For use on templates which call {{tl|Infobox settlement}}. It causes them to be in {{clc|Templates calling Infobox settlement}}. There is one optional argument, {{para|wrapped}}. Set {{para|wrapped|1}} to indicate that the template uses [[Module:Template wrapper]] around {{tl|Infobox...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == For use on templates which call {{tl|Infobox settlement}}. It causes them to be in {{clc|Templates calling Infobox settlement}}. There is one optional argument, {{para|wrapped}}. Set {{para|wrapped|1}} to indicate that the template uses [[Module:Template wrapper]] around {{tl|Infobox settlement}} and already accepts all parameters that {{tl|Infobox settlement}} does. == See also == * {{tl|Uses infobox person}} * {{tl|Uses infobox sportsperson}} * {{tl|Wrapper template}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a category]] }}</includeonly> 9uwjnjxfw2wxir2kahikvqbll4bc3u4 10 9927 35530 2026-07-08T22:54:07Z Avimaarak 3578 [[खाँचा:Paragraph break]] पे अनुप्रेषित 35530 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Paragraph break]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} 68wuc4uh84rt6jwrsiczc6nqxdgxzgr 10 9928 35531 2026-07-08T22:54:38Z Avimaarak 3578 '<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35531 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> r8flwbox6t79tbhxblur1xf3iyaqaec 10 9929 35532 2026-07-08T22:55:09Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system}} {{Twinkle standard installation}}<!-- Used to represent paragraph breaks in XFD/CSD/PROD logs --> {{Template shortcut|pb|parabr|paragraph}} == Usage == This template produces a "visual paragraph break" by inserting the following empty tag pair: {{tag|div|attribs=class="paragraphbreak"|content=}} Example: {{block indent|{{xt|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipis...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system}} {{Twinkle standard installation}}<!-- Used to represent paragraph breaks in XFD/CSD/PROD logs --> {{Template shortcut|pb|parabr|paragraph}} == Usage == This template produces a "visual paragraph break" by inserting the following empty tag pair: {{tag|div|attribs=class="paragraphbreak"|content=}} Example: {{block indent|{{xt|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<nowiki>{{paragraph break}}</nowiki>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}}}} produces: {{block indent|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{paragraph break}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} For best results, use this template in-line, as demonstrated above (do not add a manual line break after the template). Adding a manual line break can cause [[Wikipedia:Linter]] errors in some situations, i.e. when the block containing the template is indented using : or * markup. == Purpose == In some instances, it is not possible to introduce paragraph breaks using newlines alone. For example, within a list item and within references. However, using {{code|lang=html|code=<p>}} tags can cause problems for navigation with screen readers, which expect these tags to delimit paragraphs of prose (see e.g. [[MOS:INDENTGAP]]). This template is used mostly in footnotes, where a visual break is desired, without adding an additional paragraph navigation point. When discussing on talk pages, Wikipedia editors can use {{tl|pb}} to start new paragraphs in a single post in a way where a single signature at the end clearly signifies all of it as your contribution. This also lets you avoid having to indent each new paragraph, since existing indentation (most commonly achieved through starting lines with : or * characters) is preserved over any visual paragraph breaks. == Example 1 == The following reference uses line breaks for multiple lines.<ref>Paragraph 1a Paragraph 1b</ref> The following reference uses the paragraph break template for paragraph breaks.<ref>Paragraph 2a{{paragraph break}}Paragraph 2b</ref> The following reference uses {{code|lang=html|code=<br />}} tags for paragraph breaks.<ref>Line 3a<br />Line 3b</ref> '''Notes''' {{reflist}} which was generated using: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> 1. <ref>Paragraph 1a Paragraph 1b</ref> 2. <ref>Paragraph 2a{{paragraph break}}Paragraph 2b</ref> 3. <ref>Line 3a<br />Line 3b</ref> </syntaxhighlight> == Example 2 == Consider the following list # Paragraph 1a {{paragraph break}} Paragraph 1b # Paragraph 2 which was generated using <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> # Paragraph 1a {{paragraph break}} Paragraph 1b # Paragraph 2 </syntaxhighlight> == See also == * {{t|i*}} - when there is a sublist * {{tl|Break}} - for inline use == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "Produces a \"visual paragraph break\"." } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here: --> [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Block spacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 0ka0y5rzp0yio1emfpo3f979do6ypmb 10 9930 35533 2026-07-08T22:57:12Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Infobox | bodyclass = vevent | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{awardname|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | aboveclass = summary | labelstyle = width: 33%; | subheader = {{ #if:{{{subheader|}}}|{{{subheader}}}|{{#if:{{{previous_awards|}}}|''पूर्व: [[{{{previous_awards|}}}]]''|{{#if:{{{current_awards|}}}|''वर्तमान: [[{{{current_awards|}}}]]''}}}} }} {{ #if:{{{previous_date|}}}|<br...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vevent | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{awardname|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | aboveclass = summary | labelstyle = width: 33%; | subheader = {{ #if:{{{subheader|}}}|{{{subheader}}}|{{#if:{{{previous_awards|}}}|''पूर्व: [[{{{previous_awards|}}}]]''|{{#if:{{{current_awards|}}}|''वर्तमान: [[{{{current_awards|}}}]]''}}}} }} {{ #if:{{{previous_date|}}}|<br />{{{previous_date|}}}|{{#if:{{{current_date|}}}|<br />{{{current_date|}}}}} }} {{ #if:{{{pending_awards|}}}|<br />''लंबित: [[{{{pending_awards|}}}]]''|{{#if:{{{next_awards|}}}|<br />''अगला: [[{{{next_awards|}}}]]''}} }} {{ #if:{{{pending_date|}}}|<br />{{{pending_date|}}}|{{#if:{{{next_date|}}}|<br />{{{next_date|}}}}} }} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{image size|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}|{{{imagesize|}}}}}|upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}}|alt={{{alt|}}}|class={{{image_class|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = {{if empty|{{{image caption|}}}|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata|getImageLegend|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}}} | label1 = मूल नाम | data1 = {{{native_name|}}} | label2 = प्रकार | data2 = {{{type|}}} | label3 = विषय | data3 = {{{awarded_for|}}} | label4 = वर्णन | data4 = {{{description|}}} | label5 = प्रायोजक | data5 = {{{sponsor|}}} | label6 = तिथि | data6 = {{{date|}}} | label7 = {{#if:{{{venue|}}}|स्थान|{{#if:{{{location|}}}|अवस्थिति|स्थल}}}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{venue|}}}|{{{location|}}}|{{{site|}}}}} | class7 = location | label8 = देश | data8 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P17 |name=country |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{country|}}} }} | class8 = location | label9 = प्रस्तोता | data9 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1027 |name=presenter |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{presenter|}}} }} | class9 = attendee | label10 = योग्यता | data10 = {{{eligibility|}}} | label11 = परनाममात्र | data11 = {{{post-nominals|}}} | label12 = फ़ीता | data12 = {{{ribbon|}}} | label13 = अग्र | data13 = {{{obverse|}}} | label14 = पश्च | data14 = {{{reverse|}}} <!-- Film / television --> | label15 = {{#if:{{{host|}}}|मेज़बान|मेज़बान}} | data15 = {{if empty|{{{host|}}}|{{{hosts|}}}}} | class15 = attendee | label16 = पूर्व नाम | data16 = {{if empty|{{{former name|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label17 = शो-पूर्व मेज़बान | data17 = {{{preshow_host|}}} | class17 = attendee | label18 = कार्य | data18 = {{{acts|}}} | class18 = attendee <!-- End Film / television --> <!-- Military --> | label19 = अभियान | data19 = {{{campaign|}}} | label20 = ध्येय | data20 = {{{motto|}}} | label21 = [[अभियान अकवार|अकवार]] | data21 = {{{clasps|}}} <!-- End Military --> | label22 = इनाम | data22 = {{{reward|}}} | label23 = स्थिति | data23 = {{{status|}}} | label24 = स्थापना | data24 = {{{established|}}} | label25 = पहला अलंकरण | data25 = {{if empty|{{{firstawarded|}}}|{{{year|}}}}} | label26 = अंतिम अलंकरण | data26 = {{#if:{{{final_award|}}}|{{{final_award}}}|{{if empty|{{{lastawarded|}}}|{{{year2|}}}}}}} | label27 = {{#if:{{{holder|}}} |{{if empty|{{{holder_label|}}}|वर्तमान पदधारा}} |{{#if:{{{winner|}}} | विजेता | विजेता }} }} | data27 = {{if empty|{{{holder|}}}|{{{winner|}}}|{{{winners|}}}}} | header28 = {{#if:{{Both|{{{award1_type|}}}|{{{award1_winner|}}}}}{{Both|{{{award2_type|}}}|{{{award2_winner|}}}}}{{Both|{{{award3_type|}}}|{{{award3_winner|}}}}}|प्रमुख आकर्षण}} | label29 = {{#if:{{{most_wins|}}}|सर्वाधिक जीत|सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार}} | data29 = {{if empty|{{{most_wins|}}}|{{{most_awards|}}}}} | label30 = सर्वाधिक नामांकन | data30 = {{{most_nominations|}}} | label31 = कुल | data31 = {{{total_awarded|}}} | label32 = कुल मरणोत्तर अलंकरण | data32 = {{{total_awarded_posthumously|}}} | label33 = कुल प्रापक | data33 = {{{total_recipients|}}} | label34 = {{{award1_type}}} | data34 = {{#if:{{{award1_type|}}}|{{{award1_winner|}}}}} | label35 = {{{award2_type}}} | data35 = {{#if:{{{award2_type|}}}|{{{award2_winner|}}}}} | label36 = {{{award3_type}}} | data36 = {{#if:{{{award3_type|}}}|{{{award3_winner|}}}}} | label37 = {{{award4_type}}} | data37 = {{#if:{{{award4_type|}}}|{{{award4_winner|}}}}} | label38 = {{{award5_type}}} | data38 = {{#if:{{{award5_type|}}}|{{{award5_winner|}}}}} | label39 = वेबसाइट | data39 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|no}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{if empty|{{{website|}}}|{{{url|}}}}} }} <!-- Film / television block --> | header40 = {{#if:{{{network|}}}{{{network_list|}}}{{{runtime|}}}{{{ratings|}}}{{{producer|}}}{{{director|}}}|{{if empty|{{{coverage|}}}|टीवी/रेडियो}} कवरेज}} | label41 = {{#if:{{{network_list|}}}|नेटवर्क|नेटवर्क}} | data41 = {{#if:{{{network_list|}}}|<nowiki />|{{{network|}}}}} | data42 = {{#if:{{{network_list|}}}|<div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em"> {{{network_list}}}</div>}} | label43 = अवधि | data43 = {{{runtime|}}} | label44 = दर्शक | data44 = {{if empty|{{{viewership|}}}|{{{ratings|}}}}} | label45 = निर्माता | data45 = {{{producer|}}} | label46 = निर्देशक | data46 = {{{director|}}} <!-- End Film / television block --> | header47 = {{#if:{{{image2|}}}|{{Infobox | child = yes | decat = yes | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{{image2_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright2|}}}|1}}|alt={{{alt2|}}}|class={{{image2_class|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption2|}}} }}}} | header48 = {{#if:{{{higher|}}}{{{same|}}}{{{lower|}}}{{{individual|}}}|{{if empty|{{{precedence_label|}}}|प्रधानता}}}} | label49 = अगला&nbsp;(ऊँचा) | data49 = {{{higher|}}} | label50 = प्रतिरूप | data50 = {{{same|}}} | label51 = व्यक्तिगत<br />प्रतिरूप | data51 = {{{individual|}}} | label52 = अगला&nbsp;(नीचा) | data52 = {{{lower|}}} | label53 = संबंधित | data53 = {{{related|}}} | data55 = {{{module|}}} | below = {{#if:{{{previous|}}}{{{main|}}}{{{next|}}}| {{succession links|bullets=yes | left = {{{previous|}}} | center = {{{main|}}} | right = {{{next|}}} }} }} | belowclass = noprint nowrap | belowstyle = border-top: 1px solid #000; padding-top: 5px; font-weight: bold; | decat = {{#if:{{{previous|}}}{{{main|}}}{{{next|}}}|yes|no}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox award with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox award]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| acts | alt | alt2 | award1_type | award1_winner | award2_type | award2_winner | award3_type | award3_winner | award4_type | award4_winner | award5_type | award5_winner | awarded_for | awardname | campaign | caption | caption2 | clasps | country | coverage | current_awards | current_date | date | description | description | director | eligibility | established | fetchwikidata | final_award | firstawarded | former name | former_name | higher | holder | holder_label | host | hosts | image | image caption | image size | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | image_class | image_upright2 | image2 | image2_size | image2_class | imagesize | individual | lastawarded | location | lower | main | module | most_awards | most_nominations | most_wins | motto | name | native_name | network | network_list | next | next_awards | next_date | noicon | obverse | onlysourced | pending_awards | pending_date | post-nominals | precedence_label | presenter | preshow_host | previous | previous_awards | previous_date | producer | qid | ratings | related | reverse | reward | ribbon | runtime | same | site | sponsor | status | subheader | suppressfields | total_awarded | total_awarded_posthumously | total_recipients | type | url | venue | viewership | website | winner | winners | year | year2 }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox award]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox award with conflicting parameters}} | image size; image_size; imagesize | location; site | host; hosts | former name; former_name | firstawarded; year | lastawarded; year2 | holder; winner; winners | most_wins; most_awards | website; url | viewership; ratings }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 9yq4muxwa3pthxy8t72sfjgkx60ovsl 35535 35533 2026-07-08T23:02:55Z Avimaarak 3578 35535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vevent | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{awardname|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | aboveclass = summary | labelstyle = width: 33%; | subheader = {{ #if:{{{subheader|}}}|{{{subheader}}}|{{#if:{{{previous_awards|}}}|''पूर्व: [[{{{previous_awards|}}}]]''|{{#if:{{{current_awards|}}}|''वर्तमान: [[{{{current_awards|}}}]]''}}}} }} {{ #if:{{{previous_date|}}}|<br />{{{previous_date|}}}|{{#if:{{{current_date|}}}|<br />{{{current_date|}}}}} }} {{ #if:{{{pending_awards|}}}|<br />''लंबित: [[{{{pending_awards|}}}]]''|{{#if:{{{next_awards|}}}|<br />''अगला: [[{{{next_awards|}}}]]''}} }} {{ #if:{{{pending_date|}}}|<br />{{{pending_date|}}}|{{#if:{{{next_date|}}}|<br />{{{next_date|}}}}} }} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{image size|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}|{{{imagesize|}}}}}|upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}}|alt={{{alt|}}}|class={{{image_class|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = {{if empty|{{{image caption|}}}|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata|getImageLegend|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}}} | label1 = मूल नाम | data1 = {{{native_name|}}} | label2 = प्रकार | data2 = {{{type|}}} | label3 = विषय | data3 = {{{awarded_for|}}} | label4 = वर्णन | data4 = {{{description|}}} | label5 = प्रायोजक | data5 = {{{sponsor|}}} | label6 = तिथि | data6 = {{{date|}}} | label7 = {{#if:{{{venue|}}}|स्थान|{{#if:{{{location|}}}|अवस्थिति|स्थल}}}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{venue|}}}|{{{location|}}}|{{{site|}}}}} | class7 = location | label8 = देश | data8 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P17 |name=country |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{country|}}} }} | class8 = location | label9 = प्रस्तोता | data9 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1027 |name=presenter |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{presenter|}}} }} | class9 = attendee | label10 = योग्यता | data10 = {{{eligibility|}}} | label11 = परनाममात्र | data11 = {{{post-nominals|}}} | label12 = फ़ीता | data12 = {{{ribbon|}}} | label13 = अग्र | data13 = {{{obverse|}}} | label14 = पश्च | data14 = {{{reverse|}}} <!-- Film / television --> | label15 = {{#if:{{{host|}}}|मेज़बान|मेज़बान}} | data15 = {{if empty|{{{host|}}}|{{{hosts|}}}}} | class15 = attendee | label16 = पूर्व नाम | data16 = {{if empty|{{{former name|}}}|{{{former_name|}}}}} | label17 = शो-पूर्व मेज़बान | data17 = {{{preshow_host|}}} | class17 = attendee | label18 = कार्य | data18 = {{{acts|}}} | class18 = attendee <!-- End Film / television --> <!-- Military --> | label19 = अभियान | data19 = {{{campaign|}}} | label20 = ध्येय | data20 = {{{motto|}}} | label21 = [[अभियान अकवार|अकवार]] | data21 = {{{clasps|}}} <!-- End Military --> | label22 = इनाम | data22 = {{{reward|}}} | label23 = स्थिति | data23 = {{{status|}}} | label24 = स्थापना | data24 = {{{established|}}} | label25 = पहिल अलंकरण | data25 = {{if empty|{{{firstawarded|}}}|{{{year|}}}}} | label26 = आखिरी अलंकरण | data26 = {{#if:{{{final_award|}}}|{{{final_award}}}|{{if empty|{{{lastawarded|}}}|{{{year2|}}}}}}} | label27 = प्राप्तकर्तन के संख्या | data22 = {{{Number of laureates|}}} | label28 = {{#if:{{{holder|}}} |{{if empty|{{{holder_label|}}}|वर्तमान पदधारा}} |{{#if:{{{winner|}}} | विजेता | विजेता }} }} | data27 = {{if empty|{{{holder|}}}|{{{winner|}}}|{{{winners|}}}}} | header28 = {{#if:{{Both|{{{award1_type|}}}|{{{award1_winner|}}}}}{{Both|{{{award2_type|}}}|{{{award2_winner|}}}}}{{Both|{{{award3_type|}}}|{{{award3_winner|}}}}}|प्रमुख आकर्षण}} | label29 = {{#if:{{{most_wins|}}}|सर्वाधिक जीत|सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार}} | data29 = {{if empty|{{{most_wins|}}}|{{{most_awards|}}}}} | label30 = सर्वाधिक नामांकन | data30 = {{{most_nominations|}}} | label31 = कुल | data31 = {{{total_awarded|}}} | label32 = कुल मरणोत्तर अलंकरण | data32 = {{{total_awarded_posthumously|}}} | label33 = कुल प्रापक | data33 = {{{total_recipients|}}} | label34 = {{{award1_type}}} | data34 = {{#if:{{{award1_type|}}}|{{{award1_winner|}}}}} | label35 = {{{award2_type}}} | data35 = {{#if:{{{award2_type|}}}|{{{award2_winner|}}}}} | label36 = {{{award3_type}}} | data36 = {{#if:{{{award3_type|}}}|{{{award3_winner|}}}}} | label37 = {{{award4_type}}} | data37 = {{#if:{{{award4_type|}}}|{{{award4_winner|}}}}} | label38 = {{{award5_type}}} | data38 = {{#if:{{{award5_type|}}}|{{{award5_winner|}}}}} | label39 = वेबसाइट | data39 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} |onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|no}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{if empty|{{{website|}}}|{{{url|}}}}} }} <!-- Film / television block --> | header40 = {{#if:{{{network|}}}{{{network_list|}}}{{{runtime|}}}{{{ratings|}}}{{{producer|}}}{{{director|}}}|{{if empty|{{{coverage|}}}|टीवी/रेडियो}} कवरेज}} | label41 = {{#if:{{{network_list|}}}|नेटवर्क|नेटवर्क}} | data41 = {{#if:{{{network_list|}}}|<nowiki />|{{{network|}}}}} | data42 = {{#if:{{{network_list|}}}|<div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em"> {{{network_list}}}</div>}} | label43 = अवधि | data43 = {{{runtime|}}} | label44 = दर्शक | data44 = {{if empty|{{{viewership|}}}|{{{ratings|}}}}} | label45 = निर्माता | data45 = {{{producer|}}} | label46 = निर्देशक | data46 = {{{director|}}} <!-- End Film / television block --> | header47 = {{#if:{{{image2|}}}|{{Infobox | child = yes | decat = yes | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{{image2_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright2|}}}|1}}|alt={{{alt2|}}}|class={{{image2_class|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption2|}}} }}}} | header48 = {{#if:{{{higher|}}}{{{same|}}}{{{lower|}}}{{{individual|}}}|{{if empty|{{{precedence_label|}}}|प्रधानता}}}} | label49 = अगला&nbsp;(ऊँचा) | data49 = {{{higher|}}} | label50 = प्रतिरूप | data50 = {{{same|}}} | label51 = व्यक्तिगत<br />प्रतिरूप | data51 = {{{individual|}}} | label52 = अगला&nbsp;(नीचा) | data52 = {{{lower|}}} | label53 = संबंधित | data53 = {{{related|}}} | data55 = {{{module|}}} | below = {{#if:{{{previous|}}}{{{main|}}}{{{next|}}}| {{succession links|bullets=yes | left = {{{previous|}}} | center = {{{main|}}} | right = {{{next|}}} }} }} | belowclass = noprint nowrap | belowstyle = border-top: 1px solid #000; padding-top: 5px; font-weight: bold; | decat = {{#if:{{{previous|}}}{{{main|}}}{{{next|}}}|yes|no}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox award with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox award]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| acts | alt | alt2 | award1_type | award1_winner | award2_type | award2_winner | award3_type | award3_winner | award4_type | award4_winner | award5_type | award5_winner | awarded_for | awardname | campaign | caption | caption2 | clasps | country | coverage | current_awards | current_date | date | description | description | director | eligibility | established | fetchwikidata | final_award | firstawarded | former name | former_name | higher | holder | holder_label | host | hosts | image | image caption | image size | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | image_class | image_upright2 | image2 | image2_size | image2_class | imagesize | individual | lastawarded | location | lower | main | module | most_awards | most_nominations | most_wins | motto | name | native_name | network | network_list | next | next_awards | next_date | noicon | obverse | onlysourced | pending_awards | pending_date | post-nominals | precedence_label | presenter | preshow_host | previous | previous_awards | previous_date | producer | qid | ratings | related | reverse | reward | ribbon | runtime | same | site | sponsor | status | subheader | suppressfields | total_awarded | total_awarded_posthumously | total_recipients | type | url | venue | viewership | website | winner | winners | year | year2 }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox award]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox award with conflicting parameters}} | image size; image_size; imagesize | location; site | host; hosts | former name; former_name | firstawarded; year | lastawarded; year2 | holder; winner; winners | most_wins; most_awards | website; url | viewership; ratings }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 8qhes4p6x77lbqjmqqajmgbkr5pyo9q 10 9931 35534 2026-07-08T22:57:41Z Avimaarak 3578 '<noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude> <includeonly>[[श्रेणी:ज्ञानसन्दूक साँचे]]</includeonly>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35534 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude> <includeonly>[[श्रेणी:ज्ञानसन्दूक साँचे]]</includeonly> doi0qr1cpc6op6adw1l0bzjv1pdlvk7 10 9932 35536 2026-07-08T23:07:08Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use}} {{tsh|sda}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> The '''{{tl|Start date and age}}''' template displays the date that an event or entity started or was created. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The hidd...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use}} {{tsh|sda}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> The '''{{tl|Start date and age}}''' template displays the date that an event or entity started or was created. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The hidden date degrades gracefully when CSS is not available. == Usage == ;Common usage : <code><nowiki>{{Start date and age|yyyy|mm|dd}}</nowiki></code> to display formatted as: : {{xt|{{Start date and age|2010|03|25}}}} : <code><nowiki>{{Start date and age|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> to display formatted as: : {{xt|{{Start date and age|2010|03|25|df=yes}}}} ;Full syntax : <code><nowiki>{{Start date and age|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes|p=yes|br=yes}}</nowiki></code> to display formatted as: : {{xt|{{Start date and age|2010|03|25|df=yes|p=yes|br=yes}}}} == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter ! Status ! Description |- | 1 | required | A four-digit number indicating the year. |- | 2 | optional | A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). The month may also be specified as a name or abbreviation (e.g. "August" or "Aug"). |- | 3 | optional | A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | df= | optional | If the parameter '''df''' equals '''yes''', '''y''', or '''1''', the date will be displayed in DMY format: {{xt|4 March 2010}}. When this parameter is not included or set to some other value, the date will be displayed in MDY format: {{xt|March 4, 2010}}. |- | p=<br/>paren= | optional | If the parameter '''p''' or '''paren''' equals '''yes''', '''y''', or '''1''', the age will be displayed within parentheses. When this parameter is not included or set to some other value, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space. |- | br= | optional | If the parameter '''br''' equals '''yes''', '''y''', or '''1''', a line break will be inserted between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included or set to some other value, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if '''p=yes'''). |- | end= | optional | This template includes hidden microformat {{tag|span|open|attribs=class="bday dtstart published updated"}}, similar to [[Template:Start date]]. If the parameter '''end''' equals '''yes''', '''y''', or '''1''', the template will instead use {{tag|span|open|attribs=class="dtend"}}, similar to [[Template:End date]]. This parameter is used by [[Template:End date and age]]. For more details, see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]]. |} ==="df" (day first) and "mf" (month first)=== The default output of this template is to display the month before the day (MDY). This default may not be appropriate for articles about events or entities in parts of the world where dates are commonly given with the day preceding the month (DMY). To display the day first, assign the '''df''' parameter a value of '''yes''', '''y''', or '''1''' (e.g. '''df=yes'''). If the default format is preferred, the parameter '''df''' may be used with value of '''no''', '''n''', or '''0''' (e.g. '''df=no'''). These values can assist [[WP:BOT|bots]] or other automated processing to detect the intended date format; omitting the '''df''' parameter may lead an editor or bot to change the format to an unintended value. The preference to display the month first may also be indicated via the parameter '''mf''' (e.g. '''mf=yes'''). While not actually used by the template, this is another method of indicating that the default format is intended. Do not specify both "df" and "mf" parameters in the same use of the template. == Examples == === Default separator: semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2010|01|02</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2010|01|02}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2008|Jan|09|df=no</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2008|Jan|09|df=no}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|January|05|mf=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|January|05|mf=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2010|1|2|df=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2010|1|2|df=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2008|Jan|9|df=y</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2008|Jan|9|df=y}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|January|5|df=1</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|January|5|df=1}} |- | 100 days ago:<br />{{tlx|Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}|{{#time:n|now-100 days}}|{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} | {{Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}|{{#time:n|now-100 days}}|{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} |- | Yesterday:<br />{{tlx|Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}|{{#time:n|now-1 days}}|{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} | {{Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}|{{#time:n|now-1 days}}|{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} |- | Today:<br />{{tlx|Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}|{{#time:n|now}}|{{#time:j|now}}}} | {{Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}|{{#time:n|now}}|{{#time:j|now}}}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2001|9</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2001|9}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2002|09</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2002|09}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|Sep</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|Sep}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2004|September</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2004|September}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2005</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2005}} |} === Optional separator: parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|15|p=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|15|df=y|p=y</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=yes}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|p=1</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|p=1}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|paren=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|paren=yes}} |} === Line break with semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|15|br=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|15|df=y|br=y</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|br=1</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|br=1}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|br=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|br=yes}} |} === Line break with parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|15|p=yes|br=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|15|df=y|p=y|br=y</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|02|p=1|br=1</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|p=1|br=1}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|<nowiki>2003|paren=yes|br=yes</nowiki>}} | {{Start date and age|2003|paren=yes|br=yes}} |} == Use in microformats == {{UF-hcal-part}} === Example === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{Start date and age|2016|12|31}}</nowiki>}} ==Usage in articles== This template is most often used in infoboxes in articles about buildings or organizations, identifying when they were started/founded/opened or dissolved/ended/closed. It has also been used for naval ships to indicate their commissioned age; however, several Wikipedia editors have reverted such edits. Use of this template in ship articles is therefore not recommended. == Supporting templates == * [[Template:MONTHNAME]] – display name of month for a given number 1 (January) through 12 (December). * [[Template:Time ago]] – display number of days, months, or years ago (for dates given as <code><nowiki>|yyyy|mm|dd</nowiki></code>). * [[Template:Years or months ago]] – display number of months or years ago (for dates given as <code><nowiki>|yyyy|mm</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>|yyyy</nowiki></code>). * [[Template:Yesno]] – allows optional formatting parameters to accept values other than "yes" (such as "y" or "1"). == See also == * {{tl|Start date}} * {{tl|Time ago}} and {{tl|Years or months ago}} * {{tl|Age}} {{Birth, death and age templates |dates}} ==TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Year", "description": "A four-digit number indicating the year", "example": "2017", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Month", "description": "A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month", "example": "12", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "Day", "description": "A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month", "example": "31", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "df": { "label": "Display date first", "description": "If the parameter df equals yes, y, or 1, the date will be displayed in DMY format: 4 March 2010. When this parameter is not included or set to some other value, the date will be displayed in MDY format: March 4, 2010.", "example": "no", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" }, "paren": { "aliases": [ "p" ], "label": "Display with parentheses", "description": "If the parameter p or paren equals yes, y, or 1, the age will be displayed within parentheses. When this parameter is not included or set to some other value, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space.", "example": "yes", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" }, "br": { "label": "Line break between date and age", "description": "If the parameter br equals yes, y, or 1, a line break will be inserted between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included or set to some other value, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if paren=yes).", "example": "yes", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" }, "end": { "label": "Use microformat for end date", "description": "This template includes hidden microformat <span class=\"bday dtstart published updated\">, similar to Template:Start date. If the parameter end equals yes, y, or 1, the template will instead use <span class=\"dtend\">, similar to Template:End date. This parameter is used by Template:End date and age. For more details, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats.", "example": "yes", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" } }, "description": "The Start date and age template displays the date that an event or entity started or was created." } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] }}</includeonly> ku99nqpb16c0zbf0ogkxgoiw1goonkk 10 9933 35537 2026-07-08T23:09:57Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{#invoke:Date time|generate_date|template=end date and age}}<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using end date and age with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=Page using [[Template:End date and age]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | br | df | p | paren }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35537 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Date time|generate_date|template=end date and age}}<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using end date and age with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=Page using [[Template:End date and age]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | br | df | p | paren }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> hrl0twfn8xnij6p2ujcdrj8q2g0h3kt 10 9934 35538 2026-07-08T23:10:26Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Date time}} {{tlb|End date and age}} displays the date that an event or entity ended. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Date time}} {{tlb|End date and age}} displays the date that an event or entity ended. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The hidden date degrades gracefully when CSS is not available. == Usage == * {{tlx|End date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}}} (year, month, and day) * {{tlx|End date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}|df{{=}}yes}} * {{tlx|End date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}|df{{=}}yes|p{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter ! Status ! Description |- | {{para|1}} | required | A four-digit number indicating the year. |- | {{para|2}} | optional | A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | {{para|3}} | optional | A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | {{para|df}} | optional | When set to {{para|df|yes}} or {{para|df|y}} displays the day before the month (e.g. "7 November 2004" instead of the default "November 7, 2004"). |- | {{para|p}}<br/> {{para|paren}} | optional | When set to {{para|p|yes}} or {{para|p|y}} the age will be displayed within parentheses. When this parameter is not included, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space. |- | {{para|br}} | optional | When set to {{para|br|yes}} or {{para|br|y}} a line break will be inserted between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if {{para|p|yes}}). |} == Examples == === Default separator: semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2010|01|02}} | {{End date and age|2010|01|02}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2010|1|2|df{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2010|1|2|df=yes}} |- | 100 days ago:<br />{{tlx|End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}&#124;{{#time:n|now-100 days}}&#124;{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} | {{End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}|{{#time:n|now-100 days}}|{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} |- | Yesterday:<br />{{tlx|End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}&#124;{{#time:n|now-1 days}}&#124;{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} | {{End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}|{{#time:n|now-1 days}}|{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} |- | Today:<br />{{tlx|End date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}&#124;{{#time:n|now}}&#124;{{#time:j|now}}}} | {{End date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}|{{#time:n|now}}|{{#time:j|now}}}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2001|9}} | {{End date and age|2001|9}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2002|09}} | {{End date and age|2002|09}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2005}} | {{End date and age|2005}} |} === Optional separator: parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|p{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|p{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=yes}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|p{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|p=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|paren{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|paren=yes}} |} === Line break with semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|br=yes}} |} === Line break with parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|p{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|p{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|p={{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|paren{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|paren=yes|br=yes}} |} == TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Year", "description": "A four-digit number indicating the year", "example": "2017", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Month", "description": "A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month", "example": "12", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "Day", "description": "A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month", "example": "31", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "df": { "label": "Display date first", "description": "Set to 'yes' to show the day before the month name", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "paren": { "aliases": [ "p" ], "label": "Display with parentheses", "description": "Set to 'yes' to display the age within parentheses. When this parameter is not included, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space.", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "br": { "label": "Line break between date and age", "description": "Set to 'yes' to add a line break between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if paren=yes).", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] } }, "description": "The End date and age template displays the date that an event or entity ended." } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Use in microformats == The template returns the date as [[hCalendar]]'s (<code>class="dtend"</code>). For example: :<nowiki> (<span class="dtend">1993-02-24T08:30</span>)</nowiki> (disable CSS or view source to see the hidden ISO-formatted output). See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats|the microformats project]] for further details. === Example === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{End date and age|2015|12|31}}</nowiki>}} == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using end date and age with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using Module:Date time with invalid values}} == See also == * {{tl|End date}} * {{tl|Death date and age}} * {{tl|Start date and age}} * {{tl|Time ago}} and {{tl|Years or months ago}} * {{tl|Age}} {{Birth, death and age templates|dates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> dgp5w7aov2wteh8ayhap0w4alafcwxx 10 9935 35539 2026-07-08T23:15:39Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Navbox with collapsible groups |name =Birth, death and age templates |state={{if empty|{{{state|}}}|<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly>|<noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude>}} |title=Birth, death and age templates |selected={{if empty|{{{selected|}}}|{{{expanded|}}}|{{{1|}}}}} |listclass=hlist <!-- can't see why tracking=no doesn't work, but this does --> |abbr1=BDA |section1=birth, death, age |state1 = <noinclude>un...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox with collapsible groups |name =Birth, death and age templates |state={{if empty|{{{state|}}}|<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly>|<noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude>}} |title=Birth, death and age templates |selected={{if empty|{{{selected|}}}|{{{expanded|}}}|{{{1|}}}}} |listclass=hlist <!-- can't see why tracking=no doesn't work, but this does --> |abbr1=BDA |section1=birth, death, age |state1 = <noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude> |content1= {{Aligned table|fullwidth=y |style=line-height:1.45em; text-align:left |col1style=font-size:110%; white-space:nowrap; padding-right:1.0em; width:18em |row1style=line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa |Birth templates&nbsp;|{{Resize|110%|Description{{\}}use&nbsp;}} |{{Template link|Birth date}}|To display a birth date and related hidden metadata. |{{Template link|Birth date text}}| |{{Template link|Birth date and age}}|{{Template link with link off|Birth date}} with suffix '(age ''N'')'. |{{Template link|Birth date and age2}}|{{Template link with link off|Birth date and age}} plus age as of a specified date. |{{Template link|Birth date and age text}}|As {{Template link with link off|Birth date and age}}, but accepts dates in text form ('15 June 1950', 'June 15, 1950', 'June 1950', etc.). |{{Template link|Birth date and age in years and days}}|{{Template link with link off|Birth date and age}}, but with the age displayed in years and days rather than just years. |{{Template link|Birth year and age}}|Year of birth and approximate age. |{{Template link|Birth based on age as of date}}|To display approximate birth year and current age given a particular date (e.g. when a dated reference mentions the age of a person), only works for living people. |{{Template link|Birth based on age as of dates}}|To display approximate birth year and current age given several particular dates (e.g. when a dated reference mentions the age of a person), only works for living people. |{{Template link|Birth based on age at death}}|To display approximate birth year based on age at death, or on age at a specific date if death date isn't known. }} {{Aligned table|fullwidth=y |style=line-height:1.45em; text-align:left |col1style=font-size:110%; white-space:nowrap; padding-right:1.0em; width:18em |row1style=line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa |Death templates&nbsp;|{{Resize|110%|Description{{\}}use&nbsp;}} |{{Template link|Death date}}|To display a death date and related hidden metadata. |{{Template link|Death date text}}| |{{Template link|Death date and age}}|{{Template link with link off|Death date}} with suffix '(aged ''N'')'; also called with {{Template link with link off|event date and age}}. |{{Template link|Death date and given age}}|To display a death date and specified age. |{{Template link|Death year and age}}|To display a year of, and approximate age at death. }} |abbr2=Age |section2=age only |state2 = <noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude> |content2= {{Aligned table|fullwidth=y |style=line-height:1.45em; text-align:left |col1style=font-size:110%; white-space:nowrap; padding-right:1.0em; width:18em |row1style=line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa |Conventional age templates&nbsp;|{{Resize|110%|Description{{\}}use&nbsp;}} |{{Template link|Age in years, months, weeks and days}}|Number of complete years, months, weeks and days between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in years, months and days}}|Number of complete years, months and days between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in years and months}}|Number of complete years and remaining months between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in years and days}}|Number of complete years and remaining days between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in years and days nts}}|{{Template link with link off|Age in years and days}} with output formatted for use in [[Help:Sortable tables|number sortable tables]]. |{{Template link|Age in decimal years}}|Number of years between two dates, rounded to the specified number of decimal places. |{{Template link|Age in years}}|Number of years between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in years nts}}|{{Template link with link off|Age in years}} with output formatted for use in number sortable tables. |{{Template link|Age in months}}|Number of months between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in weeks and days}}|Number of weeks and days between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in weeks}}|Number of weeks between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in days}}|Age in days between two dates. |{{Template link|Age in days nts}}|{{Template link with link off|Age in days}} with output formatted for use in number sortable tables. }} {{Aligned table|fullwidth=y |style=line-height:1.45em; text-align:left |col1style=font-size:110%; white-space:nowrap; padding-right:1.0em; width:18em |row1style=line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa |Reverse-determined age template&nbsp;|{{Resize|110%|Description{{\}}use&nbsp;}} |{{Template link|Age}}|Age based on number of complete years between two dates. |{{Template link|Age nts}}|{{Template link with link off|Age}} with output formatted for use in [[Help:Sortable tables|number sortable tables]]. |{{Template link|Age as of date}}|Current age (in years) from a known age at a specified date. |{{Template link|Age for infant}}|Current age for infant: months and days up to one year, years and months up to three years, and years beyond age 3. }} |abbr3=Dates |section3=start{{\}}end dates |state3 = <noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude> |content3= {{Aligned table|fullwidth=y |style=line-height:1.45em; text-align:left |col1style=font-size:110%; white-space:nowrap; padding-right:1.0em; width:18em |row1style=line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa |Date-focused templates&nbsp;|{{Resize|110%|Description{{\}}use&nbsp;}} |{{Template link|Start date}} / {{Template link|End date}}| |{{Template link|Start date text}} / {{Template link|End date text}}| |{{Template link|Start date and age}} / {{Template link|End date and age}}| }} |abbr4=Misc |section4=miscellaneous |state4 = <noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude> |content4= {{Aligned table|fullwidth=y |style=line-height:1.45em; text-align:left |col1style=font-size:110%; white-space:nowrap; padding-right:1.0em; width:18em |row1style=line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa |Template&nbsp;|{{Resize|110%|Description{{\}}use&nbsp;}} |{{Template link|OldStyleDate<!--|9 June|1672|30 May-->}}|Dates in [[Julian calendar]]. |{{Template link|OldStyleDateDY}}|As {{Template link with link off|OldStyleDate}} but used when Julian / [[Gregorian date]]s fall in different years. |{{Template link|OldStyleDateNY}}|As {{Template link with link off|OldStyleDate}} but without the year. |{{Template link|Unidentified for}}| |{{Template link|Missing for}}| }} |belowclass=hlist |belowstyle=font-weight:bold |below= *[[Wikipedia:Age calculation templates|About age calculation templates]] *[[:Category:Date mathematics templates|Date mathematics templates]] }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 7bg94act8t4wh7fifra8pf0nhaxr79g 10 9936 35546 2026-07-09T08:49:21Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} <!-- first parameter inserts a <div> with a left, right or central float --> | left = <div class="thumb tleft"> | right = <div class="thumb tright"> | center|centre = <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"> | #default = <div class="thumb tright"> }}<div class="thumbinner" style="width:{{#expr: {{{3|0}}} + {{{5|0}}} + 8}}px;"> <!-- calculate width based on image widths +8px -->...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35546 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} <!-- first parameter inserts a <div> with a left, right or central float --> | left = <div class="thumb tleft"> | right = <div class="thumb tright"> | center|centre = <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"> | #default = <div class="thumb tright"> }}<div class="thumbinner" style="width:{{#expr: {{{3|0}}} + {{{5|0}}} + 8}}px;"> <!-- calculate width based on image widths +8px --> {| style="background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; width:{{#expr: {{{3|0}}} + {{{5|0}}} + 4}}px;" cellspacing="0" |- | style="padding: auto; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage" | [[Image:{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}px|{{{6|}}}]] <!-- image 1 --> | style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; width: 2px" | | style="padding: auto; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage" | [[Image:{{{4}}}|{{{5}}}px|{{{6|}}}]] <!-- image 2 --> |- style="vertical-align:top;" {{#if: {{{7|}}} | <!-- two captions if the seventh param (caption for title two) is specified --> {{!}} style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;" {{!}} <div class="thumbcaption">{{{6|}}}</div> {{!}} style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;" {{!}} {{!}} style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;" {{!}} <div class="thumbcaption">{{{7|}}}</div> | <!-- otherwise just have one caption underneath both images --> {{!}} style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;" colspan="3" {{!}} <div class="thumbcaption">{{{6|}}}</div> }} |} </div> {{#switch: {{{1|}}} <!-- as central image float needs two divs, need to close two for center and only one for left/right --> | center|centre = </div></div> | </div> }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> gzg2qapvwqm6r6cy6h9v2wxgr9cr86n 10 9937 35547 2026-07-09T08:49:47Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === This template creates a box with two images side by side. It needs parameters like this: :<code><nowiki>{{double image|left/right/center|Left image|Left image size|Right image|Right image size|Left caption|[Right caption]}}</nowiki></code> === Examples === {{double image|right|Yellow card.svg|60|Red ca...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === This template creates a box with two images side by side. It needs parameters like this: :<code><nowiki>{{double image|left/right/center|Left image|Left image size|Right image|Right image size|Left caption|[Right caption]}}</nowiki></code> === Examples === {{double image|right|Yellow card.svg|60|Red card.svg|60|Players are cautioned with a yellow card, and sent off with a red card, which is sometimes round.}} To the right, with one single caption: :<code><nowiki>{{double image|right|Yellow card.svg|60|Red card.svg|60|Players are cautioned...}}</nowiki></code> <br clear=all> {{double image|left|Yellow card.svg|60|Red card.svg|60|Yellow|Red}} To the left. With two captions, one beneath each image: :<code><nowiki>{{double image|left|Yellow card.svg|60|Red card.svg|60|Yellow|Red}}</nowiki></code> {{-}} === See also === * {{tl|Double image stack}} * {{tl|Multiple image}} * {{tl|Vertical images list}} <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Graphic templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ar:قالب:صورة مزدوجة]] [[be-x-old:Шаблён:Падвойная выява]] [[bg:Шаблон:Double image]] [[bjn:Citakan:Double image]] [[bn:টেমপ্লেট:Double image]] [[ca:Plantilla:Doble imatge]] [[da:Skabelon:Dobbelt billede]] [[de:Vorlage:Doppeltes Bild]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Double image]] [[en:Template:Double image]] [[fa:الگو:تصویر دوتایی]] [[fr:Modèle:Double image]] [[ja:Template:Double image aside]] [[gl:Modelo:Imaxe dupla]] [[hr:Predložak:Dvostruka slika]] [[id:Templat:Double image]] [[is:Snið:Tvöföld mynd]] [[it:Template:Doppia immagine]] [[th:แม่แบบ:รูปคู่]] [[ur:سانچہ:Double image]] [[zh:Template:2images]] [[ko:틀:이중그림]] [[la:Formula:Double image]] [[lv:Veidne:Dubultattēls]] [[ms:Templat:Double image]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Dubbele afbeelding]] [[no:Mal:Dobbeltbilde]] [[pt:Predefinição:Imagem dupla]] [[ro:Format:Imagine dublă]] [[ru:Шаблон:Сдвоенное изображение]] [[sh:Šablon:Double image]] [[si:සැකිල්ල:Double image]] [[simple:Template:Double image]] [[sr:Шаблон:Double image]] [[sv:Mall:Dubbel bild]] </includeonly> lg9rvbmv0u148790afnhzjztkgjwvov 828 9938 35554 2026-07-09T09:26:05Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- implements [[template:photomontage]] local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function photomontage( frame ) local tracking = '' local args = frame:getParent().args local size = tonumber(args['size'] or '200') or 200 local border = tonumber(args['border'] or '1') or 1 local spacing = tonumber(args['spacing'] or '1') or 1 local color = args['color'] o...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35554 Scribunto text/plain -- implements [[template:photomontage]] local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function photomontage( frame ) local tracking = '' local args = frame:getParent().args local size = tonumber(args['size'] or '200') or 200 local border = tonumber(args['border'] or '1') or 1 local spacing = tonumber(args['spacing'] or '1') or 1 local color = args['color'] or 'black' local color_border = args['color_border'] or 'black' local position = (args['position'] or ''):lower() local caption = args['text'] or '' local text_background = isnotempty(args['text_background']) and args['text_background'] or '#F8F8FF' local foot_montage = args['foot_montage'] or '' local lastnum = nil local rownum = nil local floatstyle = nil if( position == 'left' or position == 'right' or position == 'none') then floatstyle = 'float:' .. position tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using photo montage without center alignment|' .. position .. ']]' else floatstyle = 'margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;' end if isnotempty(foot_montage) then local div = mw.html.create('div') div:css('font-size', '95%') :wikitext(foot_montage) foot_montage = '\n' .. tostring(div) end local lettertonumber = { a = '01', b = '02', c = '03', d = '04', e = '05', f = '06', g = '07', h = '08', i = '09', j = '10', k = '11', l = '12', m = '13', n = '14', o = '15', p = '16', q = '17', r = '18', s = '19', t = '20', u = '21', v = '22', w = '23', x = '26', y = '27', z = '28' } local letters = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' } -- find all the nonempty photo numbers local photos = {} local photocount = 0 for k, v in pairs( args ) do local i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*photo([%d]+)[a-z]%s*$' ) or '0') if( i > 0 and isnotempty(v) ) then local c = lettertonumber[tostring(k):match( '^%s*photo[%d]+([a-z])%s*$' )] table.insert( photos, tonumber(i .. '.' .. c ) ) photocount = photocount + 1 end end -- sort the photo numbers table.sort(photos) -- compute the number of the photos in each row local count = {} lastnum = -1 rownum = 0 for k=1,photocount do local num = math.floor(photos[k]) if(num == lastnum) then count[rownum] = count[rownum] + 1 else rownum = rownum + 1 count[rownum] = 1 end lastnum = num end if(photocount > 0) then -- start table root = mw.html.create('div') root :css('background-color', color) :css('color', 'inherit') :css('border-collapse', 'collapse') :css('border', border .. 'px solid ' .. color_border) :css('width', size .. 'px') :css('display', 'table') :cssText(floatstyle) local innercell = root :tag('div'):css('display', 'table-row') :tag('div'):css('display', 'table-cell') :css('border-top', 0) :css('padding', spacing .. 'px 0 0 ' .. spacing .. 'px') -- loop over the photos lastnum = -1 rownum = 0 local row for k=1,photocount do local num = math.floor(photos[k]) local c = letters[math.floor(0.5 + 100*(photos[k] - num))] if(num ~= lastnum) then rownum = rownum + 1 row = innercell :tag('div'):css('display', 'table') :css('background-color', color) :css('color', 'inherit') :css('border-collapse', 'collapse') :tag('div'):css('display', 'table-row') end local altstr = (args['alt' .. num .. c] or '') ~= '' and '|alt=' .. args['alt' .. num .. c] or '' local image = string.format( '[[File:%s%s|%dpx]]', args['photo' .. num .. c], altstr, (size - spacing*(count[rownum] - 1))/count[rownum] ) row :tag('div'):css('display', 'table-cell') :css('border-top', 0) :css('padding', '0 ' .. spacing .. 'px ' .. spacing .. 'px ' .. '0') :wikitext(image) lastnum = num end if isnotempty(caption) then root :tag('div'):css('display', 'table-row') :tag('div'):css('display', 'table-cell') :addClass('thumbcaption') :css('background-color', text_background) :css('color', 'inherit') :css('font-size', '95%') :wikitext(caption) end -- end table end if photocount < 2 then tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using photo montage with one or fewer images|' .. photocount ..']]' end return tostring(root or '') .. foot_montage .. tracking end function p.montage( frame ) return photomontage( frame ) end return p 4de3h7j1tjyu3orc7a46sooyxw22wy2 828 9939 35555 2026-07-09T09:26:29Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} Implements {{tl|Photo montage}}' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} Implements {{tl|Photo montage}} m3odz8yo76jijmdbh8ob7bwnrukxgm6 10 9940 35556 2026-07-09T09:27:08Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{#invoke:photo montage|montage}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:photo montage|montage}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> decxcsz9k9kff8get7ip5ptrq2c98tp 10 9941 35557 2026-07-09T09:27:47Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Warning|1={{large|Before making a montage, please read over the '''[[WP:MONTAGE|image use policy for collages and montages]]'''. Generally, a montage '''should not be added''' when there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text.}} }} {{H...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Warning|1={{large|Before making a montage, please read over the '''[[WP:MONTAGE|image use policy for collages and montages]]'''. Generally, a montage '''should not be added''' when there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text.}} }} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Photo montage}} == Usage == This template is for grouping several images in an infobox, with the possibility of aligning up to 7 rows with up to 7 columns. '''This template is not intended to be used outside of an [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infobox]] or [[Wikipedia:Sidebar|sidebar]]'''. For floating image arrays outside of an infobox, please consider using {{tl|multiple image}} with the {{para|perrow}} option. For [[WP:GALLERY|galleries]] of images, please use the [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery tag]]. If {{tl|multiple image}} will not work for your application, and you need to float the photo montage to the left or right, you can embed it in an {{tl|image frame}} (see the examples below). <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">{{Photo montage | photo1a = | photo1b = | photo1c = | photo1d = | photo1e = | photo2a = | photo2b = | photo2c = | photo2d = | photo2e = | photo3a = | photo3b = | photo3c = | photo3d = | photo3e = | photo4a = | photo4b = | photo4c = | photo4d = | photo4e = | photo5a = | photo5b = | photo5c = | photo5d = | photo5e = | photo6a = | photo6b = | photo6c = | photo6d = | photo6e = | photo7a = | photo7b = | photo7c = | photo7d = | photo7e = | size = <!-- Number indicating width of the montage (default: 200) --> | spacing = <!-- Number indicating width of spacing between the images (default: 1) --> | color = <!-- Color of spacing between the images (default: black) --> | border = <!-- Number indicating width of border surrounding the montage (default: 1) --> | color_border = <!-- Color of border surrounding the montage (default: black) --> | text = <!-- Text displayed below montage but within border, wrapped to montage width --> | text_background = <!-- Color of background behind text (default: #F8F8FF) --> | foot_montage = <!-- Footer displayed under montage beneath border, not wrapped --> }}</syntaxhighlight> === With alternative text === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">{{Photo montage | photo1a = | alt1a = | photo1b = | alt1b = | photo1c = | alt1c = | photo1d = | alt1d = | photo1e = | alt1e = | photo2a = | alt2a = | photo2b = | alt2b = | photo2c = | alt2c = | photo2d = | alt2d = | photo2e = | alt2e = | photo3a = | alt3a = | photo3b = | alt3b = | photo3c = | alt3c = | photo3d = | alt3d = | photo3e = | alt3e = | photo4a = | alt4a = | photo4b = | alt4b = | photo4c = | alt4c = | photo4d = | alt4d = | photo4e = | alt4e = | photo5a = | alt5a = | photo5b = | alt5b = | photo5c = | alt5c = | photo5d = | alt5d = | photo5e = | alt5e = | photo6a = | alt6a = | photo6b = | alt6b = | photo6c = | alt6c = | photo6d = | alt6d = | photo6e = | alt6e = | photo7a = | alt7a = | photo7b = | alt7b = | photo7c = | alt7c = | photo7d = | alt7d = | photo7e = | alt7e = | size = <!-- Number indicating width of the montage (default: 200) --> | spacing = <!-- Number indicating width of spacing between the images (default: 1) --> | color = <!-- Color of spacing between the images (default: black) --> | border = <!-- Number indicating width of border surrounding the montage (default: 1) --> | color_border = <!-- Color of border surrounding the montage (default: black) --> | text = <!-- Text displayed below montage but within border, wrapped to montage width --> | text_background = <!-- Color of background behind text (default: #F8F8FF) --> | foot_montage = <!-- Footer displayed under montage beneath border, not wrapped --> }}</syntaxhighlight> == Examples == === Example 1: images only === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{image frame|content={{Photo montage | photo1a = Sevilla Plaza de España 19-03-2011 13-36-19.jpg | photo2a = Torredelorotyteatrolamaestranza.JPG | photo2b = Sevila10.JPG | photo3a = Alcaz archiv sev.jpg | photo3b = Real Alcazares Sevilla Spain.JPG | photo4a = Pont Triana.jpg }}}} </syntaxhighlight> {{image frame|content={{Photo montage | photo1a = Sevilla Plaza de España 19-03-2011 13-36-19.jpg | photo2a = Torredelorotyteatrolamaestranza.JPG | photo2b = Sevila10.JPG | photo3a = Alcaz archiv sev.jpg | photo3b = Real Alcazares Sevilla Spain.JPG | photo4a = Pont Triana.jpg }}}} This text was entered below the template. {{clear}} === Example 2: optional parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{image frame|content={{Photo montage | photo1a = Trujillo Perú PZ.jpg{{!}}Freedom Monument, in Main Square of Trujillo city | photo2a = Húsares.jpg{{!}}"Húsares de Junín" avenue | photo2b = Huanchaco.jpg{{!}}"Caballitos de totora" in Huanchaco | photo3a = Chan chan wall1.jpg{{!}}Chan Chan, capital of Kingdom Chimu | photo3b = IndependenciaPlazaDeTrujillo.jpg{{!}}"El Libertador" Hotel in Main Square of the city | photo4a = Huaca del Sol - Août 2007.jpg{{!}}Huaca del Sol, Political capital of Mochicas | photo5a = Vista de Huanchaco, Perú.JPG{{!}} Huanchaco beach | photo5b = Huaca de la Luna jt02.jpg{{!}}Huaca de La Luna, religious capital of Mochicas | photo5c = US Navy 070812-N-8704K-272 Alvako Coello and Lupita Carrion perform a dance during a closing ceremony for the Military Sealift Command (MSC) hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20).jpg{{!}}Children dancing "Marinera" | size = 300 | spacing = 3 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 3 | color_border = red | text = ''text'': [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo city]], From Top left to right: [[Freedom Monument (Trujillo)|The Freedom Monument]], Husares Avenue, [[Caballitos de totora]], Wall in [[Chan Chan]], El Libertador Hotel, [[Huaca del sol|Huaca or Temple of the Sun]], [[Huanchaco]], [[Huaca de la luna|Painted wall in "Temple of the Moon"]], [[Marinera|Marinera dancers]]. | text_background = #FFDEAD }} | width = 312 | caption = [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo city]], From Top left to right: [[Freedom Monument (Trujillo)|The Freedom Monument]], Husares Avenue, [[Caballitos de totora]], Wall in [[Chan Chan]], El Libertador Hotel, [[Huaca del sol|Huaca or Temple of the Sun]], [[Huanchaco]], [[Huaca de la luna|Painted wall in "Temple of the Moon"]], [[Marinera|Marinera dancers]]. }} </syntaxhighlight> {{image frame|content={{Photo montage | photo1a = Trujillo Perú PZ.jpg{{!}}Freedom Monument, in Main Square of Trujillo city | photo2a = Húsares.jpg{{!}}"Húsares de Junín" avenue | photo2b = Huanchaco.jpg{{!}}"Caballitos de totora" in Huanchaco | photo3a = Chan chan wall1.jpg{{!}}Chan Chan, capital of Kingdom Chimu | photo3b = IndependenciaPlazaDeTrujillo.jpg{{!}}"El Libertador" Hotel in Main Square of the city | photo4a = Huaca del Sol - Août 2007.jpg{{!}}Huaca del Sol, Political capital of Mochicas | photo5a = Vista de Huanchaco, Perú.JPG{{!}} Huanchaco beach | photo5b = Huaca de la Luna jt02.jpg{{!}}Huaca de La Luna, religious capital of Mochicas | photo5c = US Navy 070812-N-8704K-272 Alvako Coello and Lupita Carrion perform a dance during a closing ceremony for the Military Sealift Command (MSC) hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20).jpg{{!}}Children dancing "Marinera" | size = 300 | spacing = 3 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 3 | color_border = red | text = ''text'': [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo city]], From Top left to right: [[Freedom Monument (Trujillo)|The Freedom Monument]], Husares Avenue, [[Caballitos de totora]], Wall in [[Chan Chan]], El Libertador Hotel, [[Huaca del sol|Huaca or Temple of the Sun]], [[Huanchaco]], [[Huaca de la luna|Painted wall in "Temple of the Moon"]], [[Marinera|Marinera dancers]]. | text_background = #FFDEAD }} | width = 312 | caption = [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo city]], From Top left to right: [[Freedom Monument (Trujillo)|The Freedom Monument]], Husares Avenue, [[Caballitos de totora]], Wall in [[Chan Chan]], El Libertador Hotel, [[Huaca del sol|Huaca or Temple of the Sun]], [[Huanchaco]], [[Huaca de la luna|Painted wall in "Temple of the Moon"]], [[Marinera|Marinera dancers]]. }} This text was entered below the template. {{clear}} === Example 3: transparent background === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{sidebar|image={{Photo montage | photo2a = PNG transparency demonstration 1.png{{!}}Four transparent dice | photo2b = White Stars 3.svg{{!}}Three white stars with black outlines | photo3a = White Stars 2.svg{{!}}Two white stars with black outlines | photo3b = Beakerblue.svg{{!}}A beaker full of a blue liquid | size = 350 | spacing = 8 | color = transparent | border = 0 | text = Sample images with transparent parts | text_background = transparent }}}} </syntaxhighlight> {{sidebar|image={{Photo montage | photo2a = PNG transparency demonstration 1.png{{!}}Four transparent dice | photo2b = White Stars 3.svg{{!}}Three white stars with black outlines | photo3a = White Stars 2.svg{{!}}Two white stars with black outlines | photo3b = Beakerblue.svg{{!}}A beaker full of a blue liquid | size = 350 | spacing = 8 | color = transparent | border = 0 | text = Sample images with transparent parts | text_background = transparent }}}} This text was entered below the template. {{clear}} == Tracking Categories == * {{clc|Pages using photo montage with one or fewer images}} * {{clc|Pages using photo montage without center alignment}} == See also == * {{tl|Image array}} * {{tl|Multiple image}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * [[Wikipedia:Collage tips]] <includeonly>{{basepage subpage| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 9c1ccm5dl18f77n4upwgjgj5dme646b 10 9942 35558 2026-07-09T09:30:12Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly><!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | center | centre = <!-- div1 --><div class = "center"> }}<!-- div2 --><div class= "thumb <!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | right | #default = floatright | left = floatleft | center | centre | none = tnone }}" style = "<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{mode|}}} | scrollable | style = overflow: hid...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35558 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | center | centre = <!-- div1 --><div class = "center"> }}<!-- div2 --><div class= "thumb <!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | right | #default = floatright | left = floatleft | center | centre | none = tnone }}" style = "<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{mode|}}} | scrollable | style = overflow: hidden; <!-- -->{{#if:{{{max-width|}}} | {{#ifeq: {{{border|}}} | no | max-width: {{#expr:{{{max-width}}}+8}}px; | max-width: {{#expr:{{{max-width}}}+10}}px; }} | {{#if:{{{width|}}}| {{#ifeq: {{{border|}}} | no | width: {{#expr:{{{width|}}}+8}}px; | width: {{#expr:{{{width|}}}+10}}px; }} | width: {{{width|auto}}}; }} }} {{{style|}}}" <!-- | style = "{{{style|}}}" DUPLICATE, BUT WHY? --> }}><!-- div3 --><div class = "thumbinner" <!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{mode|}}} | scrollable | | style = "width: {{#if: {{{width|}}} | {{#ifeq: {{{border|}}} | no | {{{width}}}px; | {{#expr:{{{width}}}+2}}px; }} |<!-- -moz-fit-content LONG DEPRECATED --> fit-content; }}" }}><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{pos|}}} | top | <!-- [[ div4 --><div class = "thumbcaption" ><!-- -->{{#if: {{{link|}}} | {{align|right|{{{linkoverride|[[File:Information icon4.svg|16px|link={{{link}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{link_text|}}} | {{!}}{{{link_text}}} }}]]}}}}} }}{{{caption|}}}<!-- --><!-- div4 ]] --></div> }}<!-- --><!-- div5 --><div class="<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{border|}}} | no | {{#ifeq: {{{mode|}}} | scrollable | | center }} | thumbimage }} noresize" style="width: {{#if:{{{width|}}} | {{{width}}}px | auto }};<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{mode|}}}}} | scrollable | overflow: auto;<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#lc:{{{dir|}}}}} | rtl | direction: rtl; }} }} {{{innerstyle|}}}"><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{mode|}}}}} | scrollable | {{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{nowrap|}}}}} | yes | <!-- div6 --><div class="nowrap"> }} }} {{{content}}} {{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{mode|}}}}} | scrollable | {{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{nowrap|}}}}} | yes | <!-- div6 ]] --></div> }} }}<!-- div5 ]] --></div><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{pos|}}} | top | | {{#if:{{{caption|}}} |<!-- div7 --><div class = "thumbcaption"><!-- -->{{#if: {{{link|}}} | {{align|right|{{{linkoverride|[[File:Information icon4.svg|16px|link={{{link}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{link_text|}}} | {{!}}{{{link_text}}} }}]]}}}}} }}{{{caption|}}}<!-- div7 ]] --></div> }} }}<!-- div3 ]] --></div><!-- div2 ]] --></div><!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | center | centre = <!-- div1 ]] --></div> }}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters| check | unknown = [[Category:Pages using image frame with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]] | preview = Page using [[Template:Image frame]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"| ignoreblank = y | align | border | caption | content | dir | innerstyle | link | link_text | linkoverride | max-width | mode | nowrap | pos | style | width }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7lh894z8scc7r4jk37fmfztyn82f5gz 10 9943 35559 2026-07-09T09:30:47Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image frame |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |capti...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image frame |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Image frame{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image frame |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center |pos=top }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Image frame{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center|pos=top}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {| |- | {{Image frame|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Image frame}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <br /> to prevent text overshooting. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| |- | {{Image frame{{\sandbox}}|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Image frame}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <nowiki><br></nowiki> to prevent text overshooting. |} {{clear}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{image frame |align=left |border=no |caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame |content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{image frame{{\sandbox}}|align=left|border=no|caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame|content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} {{clear}} ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Pages using image frame with unknown parameters}} == Templatedata == {{Templatedata header}} <templatedata>{ "params": { "align": { "label": "Alignment", "description": "\"left\" and \"right\" float the image to that side. \"center\" centres the image, and \"none\" left-aligns it without floating.", "type": "string", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "width": { "label": "Width", "description": "The width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use width=175 and not width=175px).", "type": "number", "default": "Automatic, based on content", "suggested": true }, "pos": { "label": "Caption position", "description": "Where to put the caption. Valid values: top, bottom.", "type": "string", "default": "bottom" }, "innerstyle": { "label": "Inner frame style", "description": "Plain CSS to apply to the inner frame. Use with care.", "type": "string", "example": "text-align: center;" }, "content": { "label": "Content", "description": "Content of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": true }, "border": { "label": "Border", "description": "Border of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "yes" }, "link": { "label": "Link", "description": "Link for the \"Enlarge\" link in the caption (in the future, may also be used as the link for the image field inside the frame, though it would probably require an additional height parameter).", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "link_text": { "label": "Alternative link text", "description": "Alternative text used for the link for the \"Enlarge\" link in the caption, usually displayed as tooltip.", "type": "string" }, "linkoverride": { "label": "Link override", "description": "Completely replaces the 'info' link.", "type": "line" }, "caption": { "label": "Caption", "description": "A caption for the resulting collage.", "type": "content" }, "mode": { "label": "Mode", "description": "Display mode of the main section, \"scrollable\" will make the content scrolling if the content is longer than viewport.", "type": "string" }, "max-width": { "label": "Maximum width", "description": "The maximum width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use max-width=350 and not max-width=350px), valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "number", "default": "100%", "suggested": true }, "dir": { "label": "Direction", "description": "Use the value \"rtl\" to make the right side of the image the initial visible portion inside the scroll frame, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "nowrap": { "label": "No wrapping", "description": "Use the value \"yes\" to make the all images inside the scroll frame placed in single line, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "style": { "type": "content", "label": "Style", "description": "Plain css to apply to the outer frame" } }, "description": "This template creates a frame like those surrounding images. This template can be used to put two or more images into a frame together, or as a wrapper for more complicated templates like Template:Superimpose.", "paramOrder": [ "content", "width", "align", "pos", "innerstyle", "link", "link_text", "linkoverride", "caption", "border", "mode", "max-width", "dir", "nowrap", "style" ] }</templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]] ** For <code><nowiki>[[File: .. |thumb ..</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>[[ Image .. |</nowiki></code> et cetera. * {{tlx|Chart}} * {{tlx|image array}} * {{tlx|multiple image}} * {{tlx|photo montage}} * {{tlx|align}} * {{tlx|center}}, {{tlx|right}} and {{tlx|left}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> dvevsapk9yc5k15mn1vih08safci02b 10 9944 35560 2026-07-09T09:32:42Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox |/sandbox}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox |/sandbox}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4bi6p9anqjrmow6hq8drhyoha2jc6x2 10 9945 35561 2026-07-09T09:33:22Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{not a sandbox}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == Returns "/sandbox" if the template detects that the page where it is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] is a [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] named "sandbox" (i.e. a [[Wikipedia:About the Sandbox|sandbox page]]); otherwise it retur...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{not a sandbox}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == Returns "/sandbox" if the template detects that the page where it is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] is a [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] named "sandbox" (i.e. a [[Wikipedia:About the Sandbox|sandbox page]]); otherwise it returns nothing. This can be useful to e.g. switch the version of a template used in its documentation to the version in its sandbox (by replacing {{tlf|template name}} on the /doc page with <code><nowiki>{{template name{{\sandbox}}}}</nowiki></code>) when that documentation is transcluded on the template's sandbox page. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sandbox}} [[Category:If-then-else templates]] [[Category:Sandbox templates]] [[Category:Pagename manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "Returns \"/sandbox\" if the template detects that the page where it is transcluded is a subpage named \"sandbox\" (i.e. a sandbox page); otherwise it returns nothing.\n\nThis can be useful to e.g. switch the version of a template used in its documentation to the version in its sandbox (by replacing {{template name}} on the /doc page with {{template name{{\\sandbox}}}}) when that documentation is transcluded on the template's sandbox page.", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> bhebyu57uojduulba091x6b5yfypih8 10 9946 35562 2026-07-09T09:34:48Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{safesubst<noinclude/>:#switch: {{safesubst<noinclude/>:lc:{{{1|center}}}}} |left = <div style="float: left;{{safesubst<noinclude/>:#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{2}}}</div> |right = <div style="float: right;{{safesubst<noinclude/>:#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{2}}}</div> |center = {{safesubst<noinclude/>:center|{{{2}}}|style={{{style|}}} }} |#default = Error in [[Template:Align]]: the alignment sett...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst<noinclude/>:#switch: {{safesubst<noinclude/>:lc:{{{1|center}}}}} |left = <div style="float: left;{{safesubst<noinclude/>:#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{2}}}</div> |right = <div style="float: right;{{safesubst<noinclude/>:#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{2}}}</div> |center = {{safesubst<noinclude/>:center|{{{2}}}|style={{{style|}}} }} |#default = Error in [[Template:Align]]: the alignment setting "{{{1}}}" is invalid. }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> cqf3vnkc00jstgkpc0lzi697rd1zwut 10 9947 35563 2026-07-09T09:35:21Z Avimaarak 3578 ':'''''Note:''' If you trying to align a table column (left, center, or right) use [[Template:Table alignment]].'' {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|120520}} {{Caution|'''Align Center does not function''' for [[WP:MOBILE|the mobile view and mobile applications]]. Be aware that more than half of the Wikipedia visitors are via mobile.}} This is a generic template for handling the horizontal alignment of elements on a...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35563 wikitext text/x-wiki :'''''Note:''' If you trying to align a table column (left, center, or right) use [[Template:Table alignment]].'' {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|120520}} {{Caution|'''Align Center does not function''' for [[WP:MOBILE|the mobile view and mobile applications]]. Be aware that more than half of the Wikipedia visitors are via mobile.}} This is a generic template for handling the horizontal alignment of elements on a page. Use the template like this: {{Tlx|Align|''position''|''content''}} == Examples == {| class="wikitable" width="500px" |- | {{Tlx|Align|left|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{Align|left|'''Hello world!'''}} |- |{{Tlx|Align|right|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{Align|right|'''Hello world!'''}} |- |{{Tlx|Align|center|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{Align|center|'''Hello world!'''}} |- |{{Tlx|Align|center|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''|style=color:red</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{Align|center|'''Hello world!'''|style=color:red}} |} ==See also== * {{Tl|Center}}, {{Tl|Right}}, {{Tl|Left}} and {{Tl|Justify}} * {{Tl|Center block}} * {{Tl|Image frame}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> qfq5n5prg3vyq3g069r9pf4ty7twtzn 10 9948 35564 2026-07-09T09:35:55Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}|{{{1|b}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{{1|}}}</div> |style="text-align:right"{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35564 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}|{{{1|b}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{{1|}}}</div> |style="text-align:right"{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fdx572szfpge3wbsz7tx4thzi2rqa86 10 9949 35565 2026-07-09T09:36:20Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{high-risk}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> This template is used to '''right'''-align in-line elements on a page. The only parameter is the content to be aligned. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == With no input arguments, it saves typing the following text (in a table):...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-risk}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> This template is used to '''right'''-align in-line elements on a page. The only parameter is the content to be aligned. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == With no input arguments, it saves typing the following text (in a table): : <code><nowiki>style="text-align:right"|</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{right}}</nowiki></code> at the start of the table cell. With an input argument, it saves typing: : <code><nowiki>&lt;div style="float:right;">...</div&gt;</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{right|content}}</nowiki></code> to align contents. == Examples == === Example 1 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} === Example 2 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} == See also == * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|center}}, {{tl|left}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|Center block}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * {{tl|Table alignment}} - to align whole columns in tables. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 64blh4zhqhefknx26dsii10t24cp6n8 10 9950 35566 2026-07-09T09:37:03Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{high use}} == Description == It is to center elements on a page. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == {{See also|Span and div}} {{markup | <nowiki>{{Center|Hello world!}}</nowiki> | {{Center|Hello world!}} }} To do this without a template, simply use the foll...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{high use}} == Description == It is to center elements on a page. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == {{See also|Span and div}} {{markup | <nowiki>{{Center|Hello world!}}</nowiki> | {{Center|Hello world!}} }} To do this without a template, simply use the following code: <syntaxhighlight lang="HTML"> <div class="center">...</div> </syntaxhighlight> To center a table, see [[Help:TABLECENTER]]. Notes: * If the markup to be centered includes an equals sign, the markup must be preceded by <code>1=</code>. Example: <code><nowiki>{{Center|1=the <span style="color:red">red</span> one}}</nowiki></code>. * If the markup to be centered includes a displaying pipe, the pipe must be escaped as <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code> or <code>&amp;#124;</code>. === Tables === Using {{tlc|left}} / {{tlc|center}} / {{tlc|right}} {| class="wikitable" !colspan="3" style="width:300px"| Header text |- | {{Left|Left}} || {{Center|Center}} || {{Right|Right}} |} Using {{tlc|align|left}} / {{tlc|align|center}} / {{tlc|align|right}} {| class="wikitable" !colspan="3" style="width:300px"| Header text |- | {{align|left|Left}} || {{align|center|Center}} || {{align|right|Right}} |} == Tracking categories == *{{clc|Pages using center with no arguments}} *{{clc|Pages using center with unknown parameters}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Content", "type": "content", "required": true, "description": "Content to be centered" }, "style": { "label": "Custom CSS", "description": "Optional css styling for the centered text", "type": "string" } }, "description": "A simple template to center-align content in tables and other places. Be aware that the center class is applied to this template, which means every element within the template has its left and right margins set to auto. This may harm some templates." } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Center block}} * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|right}}, {{tl|left}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * {{tl|Table alignment}} - to align whole columns in tables. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia HTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 0gzqnmo5j8jv2jampo2nm79nq2dsbcb 10 9951 35567 2026-07-09T09:37:42Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:{{{talign|{{{align|initial}}}}}}; {{#if:{{{width|}}}|width:{{{width}}};|width:-moz-fit-content; width:-webkit-fit-content; width:fit-content;}} {{#if:{{{max-width|}}}|max-width:{{{max-width}}};}} {{#if:{{{height|}}}|height:{{{height}}};}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{title|}}}|<span style="display:inline-block; text-...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35567 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:{{{talign|{{{align|initial}}}}}}; {{#if:{{{width|}}}|width:{{{width}}};|width:-moz-fit-content; width:-webkit-fit-content; width:fit-content;}} {{#if:{{{max-width|}}}|max-width:{{{max-width}}};}} {{#if:{{{height|}}}|height:{{{height}}};}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{title|}}}|<span style="display:inline-block; text-align:center; {{#if:{{{width|}}}{{{max-width|}}}|width:100%}}">{{{title}}}</span>|}} {{{text|{{{1}}}}}} </div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 9m89x8w4edgc405sef22g5tsqga7ddf 10 9952 35568 2026-07-09T09:38:07Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} This template places a block of text in the center of the page, without affecting the text alignment within that block. ==Usage== ===Parameters=== Where there is a requirement to fix the width or height of the block, optional "width" and "height" parameters can be used. If additional style adjustments are required, use the optional "style" parameter. ==== Example 1 ==== <syntaxhighlight l...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template places a block of text in the center of the page, without affecting the text alignment within that block. ==Usage== ===Parameters=== Where there is a requirement to fix the width or height of the block, optional "width" and "height" parameters can be used. If additional style adjustments are required, use the optional "style" parameter. ==== Example 1 ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{center block|width=300px|height=200px|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br> Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa.}} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} {{center block|width=300px|height=200px|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br> Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa.}} {{clear}} ==== Example 2 ==== * '''For exactly the same "spacing" as rendered by normal paragraph(s) before &/or after the template-inserted content.''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> <p>By clicking the “Save page” button, you are agreeing to the Terms of Use, the Privacy Policy, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License and the GFDL. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.</p> {{center block|width=300px|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br> Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa.}} <p>Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.</p> </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} <p>By clicking the “Save page” button, you are agreeing to the Terms of Use, the Privacy Policy, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License and the GFDL. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.</p> {{center block|width=300px|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br> Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa.}} <p>Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.</p> {{clear}} ==== Example 3 ==== * '''For slightly larger "spacing" between normal paragraph(s) before &/or after the template-inserted content.''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> <p>By clicking the “Save page” button, you are agreeing to the Terms of Use, the Privacy Policy, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License and the GFDL. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.</p> {{center block|max-width=300px|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br> Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa.}} <p>Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.</p> </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} <p>By clicking the “Save page” button, you are agreeing to the Terms of Use, the Privacy Policy, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License and the GFDL. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.</p> {{center block|max-width=300px|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br> Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa.}} <p>Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.</p> {{clear}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Content", "type": "content", "required": true }, "width": { "label": "Width of block area" }, "max-width": { "label": "Maximum width of block area" }, "height": { "label": "Height of block area" }, "align": { "label": "Horizontal alignment of the content" }, "title": { "label": "Title" }, "style": { "label": "Custom CSS" } }, "description": "A template to center-align block with content in any other places, without affecting the text alignment within that block. This may harm some templates." } </templatedata> == See also == * {{Tl|center}} * {{Tl|align}} <includeonly> {{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }} </includeonly> c56emqicuxfaeul3mld6mzcndxdqm9y 10 9953 35569 2026-07-09T09:38:59Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}|{{{1|b}}} |<div style="float:left;">{{{1|}}}</div> |style="text-align:left"{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35569 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}|{{{1|b}}} |<div style="float:left;">{{{1|}}}</div> |style="text-align:left"{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> </noinclude> 17aqy3uqkgjyyv7v1ef4gt1am5icsk6 10 9954 35570 2026-07-09T09:39:27Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{High-use}} == Description == It is to '''left''' align elements on a page. The only parameter is the content to be aligned. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == :'''''Note:''' If you trying to align a table column (left, center, or right) use...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{High-use}} == Description == It is to '''left''' align elements on a page. The only parameter is the content to be aligned. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == :'''''Note:''' If you trying to align a table column (left, center, or right) use [[Template:Table alignment]].'' With no input arguments, it saves typing the following text (in a table): : <code><nowiki>style="text-align:left"|</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{left}}</nowiki></code> at the start of the table cell. With an input argument, it saves typing: : <code><nowiki>&lt;div style="float:left;">...</div&gt;</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{left|content}}</nowiki></code> to align contents. == Examples == === Example 1 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} === Example 2 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} ==TemplateData== <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Content", "description": "Content to be left aligned", "type": "content" } }, "description": "Left aligns elements on a page" } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|center}}, {{tl|right}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|Center block}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * {{tl|Table alignment}} - to align whole columns in tables. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 3d785t1dc1tu36towbpbew7t5bx57gw 10 9955 35571 2026-07-09T09:39:57Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly><div style="text-align:justify; {{#if:{{{text-justify|}}}|text-justify:{{{text-justify}}};}} margin-bottom:1em">{{{1}}}</div></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35571 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="text-align:justify; {{#if:{{{text-justify|}}}|text-justify:{{{text-justify}}};}} margin-bottom:1em">{{{1}}}</div></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> nwd1odkt36cvixf9r7b6cgrzhj92gyo 10 9956 35572 2026-07-09T09:40:20Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} == Description == This template is made to '''[[Justification (typesetting)|justify]]''' type on a page so that both edges of each line are aligned with both margins. The only unnamed parameter is the text to be aligned, the <code>text-justify</code> parameter is used to alter the method to justify the text. == Usage == <code>&lbrace;&lbrace;Justify|your text|text-justify=auto, distribute,...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == Description == This template is made to '''[[Justification (typesetting)|justify]]''' type on a page so that both edges of each line are aligned with both margins. The only unnamed parameter is the text to be aligned, the <code>text-justify</code> parameter is used to alter the method to justify the text. == Usage == <code>&lbrace;&lbrace;Justify|your text|text-justify=auto, distribute, inter-word or inter-character}}</code> == Example == {{justify|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed non risus. Suspendisse lectus tortor, dignissim sit amet, adipiscing nec, ultricies sed, dolor. Cras elementum ultrices diam. Maecenas ligula massa, varius a, semper congue, euismod non, mi. Proin porttitor, orci nec nonummy molestie, enim est eleifend mi, non fermentum diam nisl sit amet erat. Duis semper. Duis arcu massa, scelerisque vitae, consequat in, pretium a, enim. Pellentesque congue. Ut in risus volutpat libero pharetra tempor. Cras vestibulum bibendum augue. Praesent egestas leo in pede. Praesent blandit odio eu enim. Pellentesque sed dui ut augue blandit sodales. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Aliquam nibh. Mauris ac mauris sed pede pellentesque fermentum. Maecenas adipiscing ante non diam sodales hendrerit.}} == See also == * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|center}}, {{tl|left}} and {{tl|right}} * {{tl|Center block}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> a8edze4bq27lrdeb02qkbulqwulbq10 10 9957 35573 2026-07-09T09:41:16Z Avimaarak 3578 '<templatestyles src="Template:Table alignment/styles.css" /><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35573 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Table alignment/styles.css" /><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> f800e89xymgt3urkpl9thn689sw4yru 10 9958 35574 2026-07-09T09:41:57Z Avimaarak 3578 '/* {{pp-template}} */ .defaultleft, .col1left td:nth-child(1), .col2left td:nth-child(2), .col3left td:nth-child(3), .col4left td:nth-child(4), .col5left td:nth-child(5), .col6left td:nth-child(6), .col7left td:nth-child(7), .col8left td:nth-child(8), .col9left td:nth-child(9), .col10left td:nth-child(10), .col11left td:nth-child(11), .col12left td:nth-child(12), .col13left td:nth-child(13), .col14left td:nth-child(1...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35574 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .defaultleft, .col1left td:nth-child(1), .col2left td:nth-child(2), .col3left td:nth-child(3), .col4left td:nth-child(4), .col5left td:nth-child(5), .col6left td:nth-child(6), .col7left td:nth-child(7), .col8left td:nth-child(8), .col9left td:nth-child(9), .col10left td:nth-child(10), .col11left td:nth-child(11), .col12left td:nth-child(12), .col13left td:nth-child(13), .col14left td:nth-child(14), .col15left td:nth-child(15), .col16left td:nth-child(16), .col17left td:nth-child(17), .col18left td:nth-child(18), .col19left td:nth-child(19), .col20left td:nth-child(20), .col21left td:nth-child(21), .col22left td:nth-child(22), .col23left td:nth-child(23), .col24left td:nth-child(24), .col25left td:nth-child(25), .col26left td:nth-child(26), .col27left td:nth-child(27), .col28left td:nth-child(28), .col29left td:nth-child(29), .col-1left td:nth-last-child(1), .col-2left td:nth-last-child(2), .col-3left td:nth-last-child(3), .col-4left td:nth-last-child(4), .col-5left td:nth-last-child(5), .col-6left td:nth-last-child(6), .col-7left td:nth-last-child(7), .col-8left td:nth-last-child(8), .col-9left td:nth-last-child(9) { text-align:left } .defaultcenter, .col1center td:nth-child(1), .col2center td:nth-child(2), .col3center td:nth-child(3), .col4center td:nth-child(4), .col5center td:nth-child(5), .col6center td:nth-child(6), .col7center td:nth-child(7), .col8center td:nth-child(8), .col9center td:nth-child(9), .col10center td:nth-child(10), .col11center td:nth-child(11), .col12center td:nth-child(12), .col13center td:nth-child(13), .col14center td:nth-child(14), .col15center td:nth-child(15), .col16center td:nth-child(16), .col17center td:nth-child(17), .col18center td:nth-child(18), .col19center td:nth-child(19), .col20center td:nth-child(20), .col21center td:nth-child(21), .col22center td:nth-child(22), .col23center td:nth-child(23), .col24center td:nth-child(24), .col25center td:nth-child(25), .col26center td:nth-child(26), .col27center td:nth-child(27), .col28center td:nth-child(28), .col29center td:nth-child(29), .col-1center td:nth-last-child(1), .col-2center td:nth-last-child(2), .col-3center td:nth-last-child(3), .col-4center td:nth-last-child(4), .col-5center td:nth-last-child(5), .col-6center td:nth-last-child(6), .col-7center td:nth-last-child(7), .col-8center td:nth-last-child(8), .col-9center td:nth-last-child(9) { text-align:center } .defaultright, .col1right td:nth-child(1), .col2right td:nth-child(2), .col3right td:nth-child(3), .col4right td:nth-child(4), .col5right td:nth-child(5), .col6right td:nth-child(6), .col7right td:nth-child(7), .col8right td:nth-child(8), .col9right td:nth-child(9), .col10right td:nth-child(10), .col11right td:nth-child(11), .col12right td:nth-child(12), .col13right td:nth-child(13), .col14right td:nth-child(14), .col15right td:nth-child(15), .col16right td:nth-child(16), .col17right td:nth-child(17), .col18right td:nth-child(18), .col19right td:nth-child(19), .col20right td:nth-child(20), .col21right td:nth-child(21), .col22right td:nth-child(22), .col23right td:nth-child(23), .col24right td:nth-child(24), .col25right td:nth-child(25), .col26right td:nth-child(26), .col27right td:nth-child(27), .col28right td:nth-child(28), .col29right td:nth-child(29), .col-1right td:nth-last-child(1), .col-2right td:nth-last-child(2), .col-3right td:nth-last-child(3), .col-4right td:nth-last-child(4), .col-5right td:nth-last-child(5), .col-6right td:nth-last-child(6), .col-7right td:nth-last-child(7), .col-8right td:nth-last-child(8), .col-9right td:nth-last-child(9) { text-align:right } 4qpm2dzs6h7umiievb5qqhd3ddmm1fk 10 9959 35575 2026-07-09T09:42:39Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Uses TemplateStyles}} == Purpose == To make it easier to align table columns with less code. == Usage == Place <code><nowiki>{{Table alignment}}</nowiki></code> above the table and then add some classes to the table. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ Classes for table start wikitext: <code><nowiki>{|</nowiki> class="''class1 class2''"</code>. ! Class ! Summary |- !scop...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Uses TemplateStyles}} == Purpose == To make it easier to align table columns with less code. == Usage == Place <code><nowiki>{{Table alignment}}</nowiki></code> above the table and then add some classes to the table. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ Classes for table start wikitext: <code><nowiki>{|</nowiki> class="''class1 class2''"</code>. ! Class ! Summary |- !scope="row"| <code>defaultleft</code> | Align all table cells '''''left''''' by default. May not be needed since cells are normally left-aligned already. |- !scope="row"| <code>defaultcenter</code> | Align all table cells '''''center''''' by default. |- !scope="row"| <code>defaultright</code> | Align all table cells '''''right''''' by default. |- !scope="row"| <code>col''N''left</code> | Align the cells in column ''N'' '''''left''''', where ''N'' is a number. |- !scope="row"| <code>col''N''center</code> | Align the cells in column ''N'' '''''center''''', where ''N'' is a number. |- !scope="row"| <code>col''N''right</code> | Align the cells in column ''N'' '''''right''''', where ''N'' is a number. |- !scope="row"| <code>col-''N''left</code> | Align the cells in column ''N'' '''''left''''' counting from the right, where ''N'' is a number. |- !scope="row"| <code>col-''N''center</code> | Align the cells in column ''N'' '''''center''''' counting from the right, where ''N'' is a number. |- !scope="row"| <code>col-''N''right</code> | Align the cells in column ''N'' '''''right''''' counting from the right, where ''N'' is a number. |} The '''col''' classes override the '''default''' classes. The '''col''' classes never affect header cells (column or row). The '''default''' classes affect header cells only when the <code>wikitable</code> class is '''not''' used. {{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultright col2left col-1left" |+ A 5-column wikitable using defaultright, col2left, and col-1left |- style="font-family:monospace" ! col header !! col header !! col header !! col header !! col header |- style="font-family:monospace" !scope="row"| row header | col2 || col3 || col4 || col5 |- style="font-family:monospace" !scope="row"| row header | col-4 || col-3 || col-2 || col-1 |} == Limitations == * Preview will not work unless <code><nowiki>{{table alignment}}</nowiki></code> is in that section. But if it is placed anywhere on the page, then table alignment will occur upon publishing. So to avoid bafflement and confusion by editors previewing sections, put it directly above each table its classes are used in. This is true for any table template using [[Wikipedia:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. * Column numbers up to <code>col29</code> (left-most 29) and <code>col-9</code> (right-most 9) are supported. A table can have more columns but it cannot be aligned with this method. * On tables using <code>rowspan</code> or <code>colspan</code>, using the classes may not work well on those rows because the alignment appears in wrong cells. Normal table code like {{nowrap|1=<code>style="text-align: left/center/right;" {{!}} ''cell content''</code>}} can be added to individual cells, both to get the wanted alignment and override unwanted alignment. == Example == <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" highlight="1-2"> {{Table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left col4right" |- ! Header !! Header !! Header !! Header |- | AAAAAAA | 10000–20000 | 3–4 | 53.43 |- | BBB | 5–6 | 113–125 | 2563.35 |- | CCC | 9–10 | 7–8 | 313.00 |} </syntaxhighlight> </div> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {{Table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left col4right" |- ! Header !! Header !! Header !! Header |- | AAAAAAA | 10000–20000 | 3–4 | 53.43 |- | BBB | 5–6 | 113–125 | 2563.35 |- | CCC | 9–10 | 7–8 | 313.00 |} </div> == Example with rowspan == Fix <code>rowspan</code> issues by adding <code>text-align</code> inline styles. <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" highlight="1-2,11,16,18"> {{Table alignment}} {|class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left col4right" |- ! Header !! Header !! Header !! Header |- | AAAAAAA | 10000–20000 | 3–4 | 53.43 |- | rowspan="2" | BBB | 5–6 | 113–125 | 2563.35 |- | style="text-align: center;" | 9–10 | 7–8 | style="text-align: right;" | 313.00 |} </syntaxhighlight> </div> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {{Table alignment}} {|class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left col4right" |- ! Header !! Header !! Header !! Header |- | AAAAAAA | 10000–20000 | 3–4 | 53.43 |- | rowspan="2" | BBB | 5–6 | 113–125 | 2563.35 |- | style="text-align: center;" | 9–10 | 7–8 | style="text-align: right;" | 313.00 |} </div> Bypass <code>rowspan</code> issues by changing the default alignment (not set since already left) to what the <code>rowspan</code> column needs and aligning other columns by counting from the right. If there are multiple <code>rowspan</code> columns aligned differently, then some <code>text-align</code> inline styles may be needed. <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" highlight="1-2,11"> {{Table alignment}} {|class="wikitable col-3center col-2center col-1right" |- ! Header !! Header !! Header !! Header |- | AAAAAAA | 10000–20000 | 3–4 | 53.43 |- | rowspan="2" | BBB | 5–6 | 113–125 | 2563.35 |- | 9–10 | 7–8 | 313.00 |} </syntaxhighlight> </div> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {{Table alignment}} {|class="wikitable col-3center col-2center col-1right" |- ! Header !! Header !! Header !! Header |- | AAAAAAA | 10000–20000 | 3–4 | 53.43 |- | rowspan="2" | BBB | 5–6 | 113–125 | 2563.35 |- | 9–10 | 7–8 | 313.00 |} </div> == Align a column of row headers == With the <code>wikitable</code> class, the headers are always centered. === Plain row headers === The <code>plainrowheaders</code> class can be added to the table to style row headers as left-aligned, normal font. Once [[Template:Plain row headers]] is no longer in pre-alpha, it can be used for more alignment options. Both require the row headers to have the scope attribute, which is recommended for [[MOS:DATATABLES|accessibility]]: <code>! scope="row" | Row header</code> or <code>! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | Row group header</code> === Inline styles === Alternatively, you can add inline styles to each row header to align them, which will maintain the bold font styling: <code>! style="text-align: left;" | Row header</code> For many row headers, you can do a search-and-replace. These directions assume the row headers don't have attributes like style or scope. First, make sure the table is in a separate article section or a sandbox so you don't affect other tables. Next, click on the wikitext source editing link. Click on "Advanced" in the editing toolbar. Then click on the "search and replace" icon on the right. Fill in the '''"Search for"''' box with: <code>!</code> Fill in the '''"Replace with"''' box with: <code>! style=text-align:left |</code> Make sure all the option boxes are unchecked. Click '''"Replace all".''' Remove <code>style=text-align:left |</code> from the column headers. An easier way may be to temporarily move the column headers to Notepad or elsewhere before the search-and-replace. Other individual cell adjustments may be needed. Preview and publish the changes. == See also == * {{t|table vertical alignment}} - Same, but for vertical alignment. * {{t|shy}} - Can be used to help narrow columns by adding a [[soft hyphen]] to a word to allow it to wrap. More [[WP:template styles|template styles]] for tables: * {{t|sticky header}} - Makes column headers stick to the top of the page while scrolling through table data. * {{t|sticky table start}} - allows sticky rows and columns inside a scrollable area. * {{t|sort under}} - moves the sorting arrows under the headers. * {{t|row hover highlight}} - adds row hover highlighting, and option for white background. * {{t|static row numbers}} - adds a column of row numbers to a table. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> [[Category:Table templates]] [[Category:Templates using TemplateStyles to style external elements]] }}</includeonly> opo0p1j9a0zu6dw0h1rvx8ct3jojtxm 10 9960 35576 2026-07-09T09:46:42Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{#invoke:Image array|array}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Image array|array}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> eubp6f0wkzetrdhay41sw66u4n8wpt5 10 9961 35577 2026-07-09T09:47:29Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{Warning|1={{large|Before making a montage, please read over the '''[[WP:MONTAGE|image use policy for collages and montages]]'''. Generally, a montage '''should not be added''' when there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text.}} }} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{lua|Module:Image array}} This template is used to generate a rectangular image arr...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Warning|1={{large|Before making a montage, please read over the '''[[WP:MONTAGE|image use policy for collages and montages]]'''. Generally, a montage '''should not be added''' when there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text.}} }} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{lua|Module:Image array}} This template is used to generate a rectangular image array, typically for use within an infobox. For image galleries, please use {{tl|gallery}} or {{tag|gallery}} instead. For most other uses, please consider using {{tl|multiple image}} instead. == Basic usage == A 4x4 image array <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{image array|perrow = 4 | image1 = | caption1 = | image2 = | caption2 = | image3 = | caption3 = | image4 = | caption4 = | image5 = | caption5 = | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = | image9 = | caption9 = | image10 = | caption10 = | image11 = | caption11 = | image12 = | caption12 = | image13 = | caption13 = | image14 = | caption14 = | image15 = | caption15 = | image16 = | caption16 = }}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{image array | perrow = 4 | image1 = | caption1 = | image2 = | caption2 = | image3 = | caption3 = | image4 = | caption4 = | image5 = | caption5 = | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = | image9 = | caption9 = | image10 = | caption10 = | image11 = | caption11 = | image12 = | caption12 = | image13 = | caption13 = | image14 = | caption14 = | image15 = | caption15 = | image16 = | caption16 = }} </syntaxhighlight> A 5x5 image array <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{image array|perrow = 5 | image1 = | caption1 = | image2 = | caption2 = | image3 = | caption3 = | image4 = | caption4 = | image5 = | caption5 = | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = | image9 = | caption9 = | image10 = | caption10 = | image11 = | caption11 = | image12 = | caption12 = | image13 = | caption13 = | image14 = | caption14 = | image15 = | caption15 = | image16 = | caption16 = | image17 = | caption17 = | image18 = | caption18 = | image19 = | caption19 = | image20 = | caption20 = | image21 = | caption21 = | image22 = | caption22 = | image23 = | caption23 = | image24 = | caption24 = | image25 = | caption25 = }}</syntaxhighlight> A 5x6 image array <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{image array|perrow = 5 | image1 = | caption1 = | image2 = | caption2 = | image3 = | caption3 = | image4 = | caption4 = | image5 = | caption5 = | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = | image9 = | caption9 = | image10 = | caption10 = | image11 = | caption11 = | image12 = | caption12 = | image13 = | caption13 = | image14 = | caption14 = | image15 = | caption15 = | image16 = | caption16 = | image17 = | caption17 = | image18 = | caption18 = | image19 = | caption19 = | image20 = | caption20 = | image21 = | caption21 = | image22 = | caption22 = | image23 = | caption23 = | image24 = | caption24 = | image25 = | caption25 = | image26 = | caption26 = | image27 = | caption27 = | image28 = | caption28 = | image29 = | caption29 = | image30 = | caption30 = }}</syntaxhighlight> == Embedding == To create a simple floating image array, use the template with {{tl|Image frame}}. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Image frame | content = {{image array|perrow = 4 | image1 = | caption1 = | image2 = | caption2 = | image3 = | caption3 = | image4 = | caption4 = | image5 = | caption5 = | image6 = | caption6 = | image7 = | caption7 = | image8 = | caption8 = | image9 = | caption9 = | image10 = | caption10 = | image11 = | caption11 = | image12 = | caption12 = | image13 = | caption13 = | image14 = | caption14 = | image15 = | caption15 = | image16 = | caption16 = }} }} </syntaxhighlight> == Additional parameters == === Default image size === The default image size is 60px by 70px. To override this default, use {{para|width|YY}} and {{para|height|ZZ}}, where YY and ZZ are raw numbers, without the px units. === Alternative text === To add alternative text for an image, use {{para|altX}}, where <code>X</code> is the image number. === Hint text === To add hint or [[tooltip]] text for an image, use {{para|textX}}, where <code>X</code> is the image number. To use the captions for the hint or [[tooltip]] text for all images, use {{para|text|y}}. === Link text === By default, clicking on an image will direct the viewer to the file page, which contains licensing and attribution information for the image. This is required for any non-public domain images. To change the link to the image, use {{para|linkX}}, where <code>X</code> is the image number. However, be careful to make sure that you only do this for public domain images that do not require attribution. === Borders === To add a standard image border to an image, use {{para|borderX}}, where <code>X</code> is the image number. To add a border around all the image cells, use {{para|border-width|X}}, where <code>X</code> is the width in pixels. === Classes === To add a class to the entire image array, use {{para|class}}. For example, {{para|class|floatright}}. == Examples.== === Example 1: images only === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image array | image1 = On The Streets of Vilnius (5984257911).jpg | image2 = Taiwanese Buddhist Nun Black Robes.jpeg | image3 = Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret).jpg | image4 = Pakistani Nun - Convent School Rawalpindi.jpg }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Image array | image1 = On The Streets of Vilnius (5984257911).jpg | image2 = Taiwanese Buddhist Nun Black Robes.jpeg | image3 = Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret).jpg | image4 = Pakistani Nun - Convent School Rawalpindi.jpg }} === Example 2: optional parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image array | perrow = 2 | width = 140 | height = 140 | border-width = 2 | image1 = On The Streets of Vilnius (5984257911).jpg | caption1 = caption1 | alt1 = alt1 | text1 = text1 | link1 = Vilnius | image2 = Taiwanese Buddhist Nun Black Robes.jpeg | caption2 = caption2 | alt2 = alt2 | text2 = text2 | link2 = Bhikkhuni | image3 = Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret).jpg | caption3 = caption3 | alt3 = alt3 | text3 = text3 | link3 = Louise Marie Therese | image4 = Pakistani Nun - Convent School Rawalpindi.jpg | caption4 = caption4 | alt4 = alt4 | text4 = text4 | link4 = Rawalpindi }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Image array | perrow = 2 | width = 140 | height = 140 | border-width = 2 | image1 = On The Streets of Vilnius (5984257911).jpg | caption1 = caption1 | alt1 = alt1 | text1 = text1 | link1 = Vilnius | image2 = Taiwanese Buddhist Nun Black Robes.jpeg | caption2 = caption2 | alt2 = alt2 | text2 = text2 | link2 = Bhikkhuni | image3 = Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret).jpg | caption3 = caption3 | alt3 = alt3 | text3 = text3 | link3 = Louise Marie Therese | image4 = Pakistani Nun - Convent School Rawalpindi.jpg | caption4 = caption4 | alt4 = alt4 | text4 = text4 | link4 = Rawalpindi }} == See also == * {{tl|Multiple image}} * {{tl|Photomontage}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * [[Wikipedia:Collage tips]] <includeonly>{{basepage subpage| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> ekl0r8wttg6hwsynpktac9hvyoha0dz 828 9962 35578 2026-07-09T09:48:08Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- implements [[template:image array]] local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function renderArrayCell( img, c, a, b, l, cl, tc, t, w, h) local alt = isnotempty(a) and ('|alt=' .. a) or '' local link = isnotempty(l) and ('|link=' .. l) or '' local class = isnotempty(cl) and ('|class=' .. cl) or '' local text = (isnotempty(tc) and not isnotempty(t)) a...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35578 Scribunto text/plain -- implements [[template:image array]] local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function renderArrayCell( img, c, a, b, l, cl, tc, t, w, h) local alt = isnotempty(a) and ('|alt=' .. a) or '' local link = isnotempty(l) and ('|link=' .. l) or '' local class = isnotempty(cl) and ('|class=' .. cl) or '' local text = (isnotempty(tc) and not isnotempty(t)) and mw.text.unstrip(c) or mw.text.unstrip(t or '') local border = isnotempty(b) and '|border' or '' local cell = mw.html.create('') if( img ) then cell:tag('div') :css('display', 'table-cell') :css('vertical-align', 'middle') :css('width', w .. 'px') :css('height', h .. 'px') :css('margin-left', 'auto') :css('margin-right', 'auto') :wikitext(mw.ustring.format('[[File:%s|%dx%dpx%s|%s]]', img, w, h, alt .. link .. class .. border, text)) cell:tag('div') :css('padding', '1px') :wikitext(c) end return tostring(cell) end function p._imagearray( args ) local width = tonumber(args['width'] or '60') local height = tonumber(args['height'] or '70') local perrow = tonumber(args['perrow'] or '4') local bw = tonumber(args['border-width'] or '0') local fs = args['font-size'] or '88%' local text = args['text'] or '' local margin = args['margin'] or 'auto' local border = ( bw > 0 ) and tostring(bw) .. 'px #aaa solid' or nil -- find all the nonempty image numbers local imagenums = {} local imagecount = 0 for k, v in pairs( args ) do local i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*image([%d]+)%s*$' ) or '0') if( i > 0 and isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert( imagenums, i ) imagecount = imagecount + 1 end end -- sort the image numbers table.sort(imagenums) -- compute the number of rows local rowcount = math.ceil(imagecount / perrow) if rowcount < 1 then return '[[Category:Pages using image array with no images]]' end -- start table root = mw.html.create('table') root :addClass(args['class']) :css('border-collapse','collapse') :css('text-align','center') :css('font-size', fs) :css('line-height','1.25em') :css('margin',margin) :css('width', tostring(width*perrow) .. 'px') -- loop over the images for j = 1, rowcount do local row = root:tag('tr') row:css('vertical-align', 'top') for k = 1, perrow do i = imagenums[(j-1)*perrow + k] or 0 row:tag('td') :css('width', width .. 'px') :css('text-align', 'center') :css(border and 'border' or '', border or '') :wikitext(renderArrayCell( args['image' .. i], args['caption' .. i], args['alt' .. i], args['border' .. i], args['link' .. i], args['class' .. i], args['text'], args['text' .. i] , width, height) ) end end -- end table return tostring(root) end function p.array( frame ) local args = frame:getParent().args return p._imagearray( args ) end return p 9g9jw5zuyrupas4lt35djfpvoqyjwqf 828 9963 35579 2026-07-09T09:48:29Z Avimaarak 3578 'Implements {{tl|image array}}<noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35579 wikitext text/x-wiki Implements {{tl|image array}}<noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> reu1vow9akva9nv4iupm1q9vc981nq4 10 9964 35580 2026-07-09T09:49:50Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{#invoke:Gallery|gallery}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Gallery|gallery}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> k3qo9brx7d6k7z1ny05ba2arb4ryotu 10 9965 35581 2026-07-09T09:50:25Z Avimaarak 3578 '<noinclude>{{pp|small=yes}}</noinclude> <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{For|the cleanup tag|Template:Cleanup gallery}} {{High-use}} {{Warning|Before making a gallery, please read over the '''[[WP:IG|image use policy for galleries]]'''. Generally, a gallery '''should not be added''' so long as there is space for...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35581 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp|small=yes}}</noinclude> <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{For|the cleanup tag|Template:Cleanup gallery}} {{High-use}} {{Warning|Before making a gallery, please read over the '''[[WP:IG|image use policy for galleries]]'''. Generally, a gallery '''should not be added''' so long as there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text.}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Gallery}} This template provides advanced gallery building functionality (fine-tuned formatting control). For creating generic galleries, use the [[Wikipedia:Gallery tag|Gallery tag]]. This template displays a gallery of images in an array, left-to-right in rows. Global parameters {{para|width}} and {{para|height}} control the size of all images in the gallery. The number of images per row is based upon the image width parameters and the width of the screen. The number of images per row can change when the user resizes the window. For style guidelines about where galleries are appropriate, see {{section link|Wikipedia:Image use policy#Image galleries}}. == Blank syntax with all parameters == {| style="background: transparent;" |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy>{{Gallery | title = | align = | footer = | style = | state = | height = | width = | perrow = | mode = | whitebg = | noborder = | captionstyle = | File: | Write a caption here | class1= | alt1= | File: | Write a caption here | class2= | alt2= | File: | Write a caption here | class3= | alt3= | File: | Write a caption here | class4= | alt4= | File: | Write a caption here | class5= | alt5= }}</syntaxhighlight> |} == Parameters == === For each image === Specify a line of the following form for each image. : <code>|File:''Filename''</code> <code>|''Caption''</code> {{para|alt''n''|''alternative text''}} {{para|class''n''|''CSS class''}} Note that the file name and the caption do not need parameter names, but each alt text parameter must be preceded by {{para|alt''n''}}. Where: : <code>|File:''Filename''</code> – the image's file name. Either <code>File:</code> or <code>Image:</code> prefix may be used : <code>|''Caption''</code> – the caption under the image; see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions]]. If there is a need to use the equal sign, it must be [[Escape sequence|escaped]] by using <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code>, but it is not required for <code><nowiki><ref name='tag'></nowiki></code> in the caption. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Gallery/Archive_2#c-Frietjes-2020-06-17T14:35:00.000Z-SteveChervitzTrutane-2020-06-17T07:07:00.000Z details]) : {{para|alt''n''}} – [[alt attribute]]: {{para|alt1}} for the first image, {{para|alt2}} for the second image, etc :: <code>''alternative text''</code> – the [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|alternative text]] for the image, used by visually impaired or other readers who cannot see the image clearly. If omitted, the image's alt text will be blank. : {{para|class''n''|''CSS class''}} - it currently only allows two options, used for [[Wikipedia:Dark mode|darkmode]] settings: <code>skin-invert-image</code> and <code>bg-transparent</code> === Optional parameters === These parameters apply to the entire gallery: : {{para|title}} – The gallery's title : {{para|align}} – The alignment of the gallery on the page, left (default), center, or right; ignored when {{para|state}} is set : {{para|footer}} – Small, right-aligned text below the images : {{para|style}} – [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] style directives for the whole gallery (see [[Help:Cascading Style Sheets]]) : {{para|state}} – Sets the default state of collapsible galleries; use {{para|state|expanded}} or {{para|state|collapsed}}; collapsible galleries occupy the full page width : {{para|mode}} – Sets the mode used by the inner gallery tag. Common values include {{para|mode|packed}} and {{para|mode|nolines}} (see [[Help:Gallery tag]] for more options) These parameters apply to all of the images in the gallery: : {{para|noborder}} – Cancel the border surrounding the images, use {{para|noborder|yes}} to set. : {{para|whitebg}} – Cancel the white background after the images, use {{para|whitebg|no}} to set. : {{para|height}} – Maximum height of each image. If this parameter is not included, {{para|height}} defaults to 180 pixels. Use a simple number here, e.g.,&nbsp;{{xt|200}}, without a units designation, e.g.,&nbsp;{{!xt|200px}}. : {{para|width}} – Maximum width of each image, default is 180 pixels. Use a number here, e.g.,&nbsp;{{xt|150}}, without units, e.g.,&nbsp;{{!xt|150px}}. : {{para|perrow}} – Number of images to display per row : {{para|captionstyle}} – [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] style directives for the captions (see [[Help:Cascading Style Sheets]]) The image's original ratio of width to height cannot be modified by {{para|width}} or {{para|height}} – a rectangular image will not be made square if {{para|width}} and {{para|height}} are set to the same value. == Examples == {{sxhl|2=wikitext|1=<nowiki>{{Gallery |title=Cultural depictions of George Washington |width=160 | height=170 |noborder=yes |align=center |footer=Example 1 |File:Federal Hall NYC 27.JPG |Statue of Washington outside [[Federal Hall National Memorial]] in [[New York City]], overlooking [[Wall Street]] |alt1=Statue facing a city building with Greek columns and huge U.S. flag |File:Mount Rushmore2.jpg |Construction of Washington portrait at [[Mount Rushmore]], c. 1932 |alt2=Profile of stone face on mountainside, with 3 workers. |File:2006 Quarter Proof.png |Washington is commemorated on a [[Quarter (United States coin)|quarter]]. |class3=bg-transparent |alt3=Shiny silver coin with profile of Washington bust. |File:George Washington Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png |Washington on a [[dollar coin (United States)|dollar coin]] |class4=bg-transparent |alt4=Gold coin with bust of Washington facing slightly left }}</nowiki>}} {{Gallery |title=Cultural depictions of George Washington |width=160 |height=170 |noborder=yes |align=center |footer=Example 1 |File:Federal Hall NYC 27.JPG |Statue of Washington outside [[Federal Hall National Memorial]] in [[New York City]], overlooking [[Wall Street]] |alt1=Statue facing a city building with Greek columns and huge U.S. flag |File:Mount Rushmore2.jpg |Construction of Washington portrait at [[Mount Rushmore]], c. 1932 |alt2=Profile of stone face on mountainside, with 3 workers. |File:2006 Quarter Proof.png |Washington is commemorated on a [[Quarter (United States coin)|quarter]]. |class3=bg-transparent |alt3=Shiny silver coin with profile of Washington bust. |File:George Washington Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png |Washington on a [[dollar coin (United States)|dollar coin]] |class4=bg-transparent |alt4=Gold coin with bust of Washington facing slightly left }} {{sxhl|2=wikitext|1=<nowiki>{{Gallery |title=Cultural depictions of George Washington |width=120 |height=100 |noborder=yes |align=center |footer=Example 2a |File:Federal Hall NYC 27.JPG |Statue of Washington outside [[Federal Hall National Memorial]] in [[New York City]], overlooking [[Wall Street]] |alt1=Statue facing a city building with Greek columns |File:Mount Rushmore2.jpg |Work on Washington portrait at [[Mount Rushmore]], c. 1932 |alt2=Profile of stone face on mountainside, with 3 workers. |File:2006 Quarter Proof.png |Washington on a [[Quarter (United States coin)|quarter]] |class3=bg-transparent |alt3=Shiny silver coin with profile of Washington bust. |File:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg |[[United States one-dollar bill|U.S. one-dollar bill]] |alt4=Front side of U.S. dollar bill, with Washington portrait in center. |File:George Washington Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png |Washington on a [[dollar coin (United States)|dollar coin]] |class5=bg-transparent |alt5=Gold coin with bust of Washington facing left }}</nowiki>}} {{Gallery |title=Cultural depictions of George Washington |width=120 |height=100 |noborder=yes |align=center |footer=Example 2a |File:Federal Hall NYC 27.JPG |Statue of Washington outside [[Federal Hall National Memorial]] in [[New York City]], overlooking [[Wall Street]] |alt1=Statue facing a city building with Greek columns |File:Mount Rushmore2.jpg |Work on Washington portrait at [[Mount Rushmore]], c. 1932 |alt2=Profile of stone face on mountainside, with 3 workers. |File:2006 Quarter Proof.png |Washington on a [[Quarter (United States coin)|quarter]] |class3=bg-transparent |alt3=Shiny silver coin with profile of Washington bust. |File:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg |[[United States one-dollar bill|U.S. one-dollar bill]] |alt4=Front side of U.S. dollar bill, with Washington portrait in center. |File:George Washington Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png |Washington on a [[dollar coin (United States)|dollar coin]] |class5=bg-transparent |alt5=Gold coin with bust of Washington facing left }} {{Gallery |title=Cultural depictions of George Washington |width=120 |height=100 |noborder=yes |align=center |footer=Example 2b |File:Federal Hall NYC 27.JPG |alt1=Statue facing a city building with Greek columns |Statue of Washington outside [[Federal Hall National Memorial]] in [[New York City]], overlooking [[Wall Street]] |File:Mount Rushmore2.jpg |alt2=Profile of stone face on mountainside, with 3 workers. |Work on Washington portrait at [[Mount Rushmore]], c. 1932 |File:2006 Quarter Proof.png |class3=bg-transparent |alt3=Shiny silver coin with profile of Washington bust. |Washington on a [[Quarter (United States coin)|quarter]] |File:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg |alt4=Front side of U.S. dollar bill, with Washington portrait in center |[[United States one-dollar bill|U.S. one-dollar bill]] – the caption here is still constrained by the width parameter. |File:George Washington Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png |alt5=Gold coin with bust of Washington facing left |class5=bg-transparent |Washington on a [[dollar coin (United States)|dollar coin]] }} ==TemplateData== <templatedata> { "params": { "title": { "label": "title", "description": "Title for the overall gallery", "example": "Pictures of chickens", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "align": { "label": "align", "description": "Alignment of the gallery on the page; possible values include left, right, and center", "example": "center", "type": "string", "default": "left", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right" ] }, "footer": { "label": "footer", "description": "Creates a footer which will appear in the lower right corner of the overall gallery, in small font, of whatever text the editor placing it wishes to put there", "example": "Early works", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS styling", "description": "Allows custom Cascading Style Sheets styling to be added to the gallery block.", "example": "border: 1px solid black;", "type": "string" }, "captionstyle": { "label": "captionstyle", "description": "This parameter allows an editor to utilize Cascading Style Sheet code for caption" }, "state": { "label": "state", "description": "This parameter allows the editor to determine whether or not the gallery will initially appear as either expanded or collapsed for readers", "example": "collapsed", "type": "string", "default": "expanded", "suggestedvalues": [ "expanded", "collapsed" ] }, "height": { "label": "height", "description": "determines the maximum height for any image within the gallery", "example": "100", "type": "number", "default": "180" }, "width": { "label": "width", "description": "Analogous to height parameter; sets maximum width for any image in the gallery", "example": "120", "type": "number", "default": "180" }, "mode": { "label": "mode", "description": "Sets the mode used by the inner gallery tag, see [[Help:Gallery tag]] for more options", "type": "string", "default": "traditional", "suggestedvalues": [ "traditional", "nolines", "packed", "packed-overlay", "packed-hover", "slideshow" ] }, "noborder": { "label": "noborder", "description": "Cancel the border surrounding the images", "example": "yes", "type": "string", "default": "no" }, "whitebg": { "description": "Used to disable the white background in the inner gallery tag", "example": "no", "type": "boolean", "default": "yes" } }, "description": "Place this template on an article or user page to create a gallery of images on that page along with captions. Anyone may place this template." } </templatedata> == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using gallery without a media namespace prefix}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with potential alt text mismatch}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with the captionstyle parameter}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with unknown parameters}} == See also == * [[Help:Gallery tag]] * {{tl|Cleanup gallery}}, to mark unencyclopedic image galleries * {{tl|Gallery layout}}, to apply Gallery-style layout to arbitrary blocks of content such as template output * {{tl|Gallery items}} * {{tl|Image array}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * {{tl|Multiple image}} * {{tl|Photomontage}} * {{tl|Stack}}, where images etc. can be stacked down right hand side avoiding spacing and floating problems <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> 8uvsxon32gx01nryutln742wb4cqx7c 828 9966 35582 2026-07-09T09:50:54Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- This module implements {{gallery}} by wrapping the <gallery> core extension tag. local p = {} local templatestyles = 'Module:Gallery/styles.css' local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local plaintextModule = require('Module:Plain text') local function plaintext(text) -- stips out external links without labels, -- and then passes to the Plain_text module to clean the rest return plaintextModule.main({ args =...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35582 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{gallery}} by wrapping the <gallery> core extension tag. local p = {} local templatestyles = 'Module:Gallery/styles.css' local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local plaintextModule = require('Module:Plain text') local function plaintext(text) -- stips out external links without labels, -- and then passes to the Plain_text module to clean the rest return plaintextModule.main({ args = { text:gsub("([^%[])%[([^%[%]%s]+)%]", '%1') , encode = "no" } }) end local function trim(s) return mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(s or '', '%s', ' '), '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') end local tracking, preview local function isImage(file) local file = trim(file):lower() -- Case insensitive check -- Check if it starts with "File:", "Image:", or "Media:" local prefix = file:match("^(%a+):") if prefix and (prefix == "file" or prefix == "image" or prefix == "media") then return true end local valid_extensions = { "apng", "djvu", "flac", "gif", "jfi", "jfif", "jif", "jpe", "jpeg", "jpg", "m1a", "m1v", "m2a", "m2v", "mid", "mp1", "mp2", "mp3", "mpa", "mpe", "mpeg", "mpg", "mpv", "oga", "ogg", "ogv", "opus", "pdf", "png", "stl", "svg", "svgz", "tif", "tiff", "wav", "wave", "webm", "webp", "xcf" } -- Extract file extension, of 3 or 4 characters only local ext = file:match("%.(%w%w%w%w?)$") -- Check if the extension is in the valid list if ext then for _, valid_ext in ipairs(valid_extensions) do if ext == valid_ext then table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery without a media namespace prefix]]') return true end end end return false end local function checkarg(k,v) if k and type(k) == 'string' then if k == 'align' or k == 'state' or k == 'style' or k == 'title' or k == 'width' or k == 'height' or k == 'whitebg' or k == 'mode' or k == 'footer' or k == 'perrow' or k == 'noborder' or k:match('^alt%d+$') or k:match('^class%d+$') or k:match('^%d+$') then -- valid elseif k == 'captionstyle' then if not v:match('^text%-align%s*:%s*center[;%s]*$') then table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with the captionstyle parameter]]') end else -- invalid local vlen = mw.ustring.len(k) k = mw.ustring.sub(k, 1, (vlen < 25) and vlen or 25) k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '[^%w%-_ ]', '?') table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with unknown parameters|' .. k .. ']]') table.insert(preview, '"' .. k .. '"') end end end function p.gallery(frame) -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template. -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in. local origArgs = (type(frame.getParent) == 'function') and frame:getParent().args or frame -- ParserFunctions considers the empty string to be false, so to preserve the previous -- behavior of {{gallery}}, change any empty arguments to nil, so Lua will consider -- them false too. local args = {} tracking, preview = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v checkarg(k,v) end end if (args.mode or '') == 'packed' and (args.align or '') == '' then args.align = 'center' end if (args.align or '') == 'centre' then args.align = 'center' end local tbl = mw.html.create('div') tbl:addClass('mod-gallery') if args.state then tbl :addClass('mod-gallery-collapsible') :addClass('collapsible') :addClass(args.state) end if args.style then tbl:cssText(args.style) else tbl:addClass('mod-gallery-default') end if args.align then tbl:addClass('mod-gallery-' .. args.align:lower()) end if args.title then tbl:tag('div') :addClass('title') :tag('div') :wikitext(args.title) end local gargs = {} gargs['class'] = 'nochecker' .. (args.noborder and '' or ' bordered-images') gargs['widths'] = tonumber(args.width) or 180 gargs['heights'] = tonumber(args.height) or 180 gargs['style'] = args.captionstyle gargs['perrow'] = args.perrow gargs['mode'] = args.mode if yesno(args.whitebg or 'yes') then gargs['class'] = gargs['class'] .. ' whitebg' end local virtualgallery = {} local gallery = {} local imageCount = 0 local zwsp = string.char(0xE2, 0x80, 0x8B) -- U+200B Zero Width Space local zwnj = string.char(0xE2, 0x80, 0x8C) -- U+200C Zero Width Non-Joiner -- create a coding to identify classes -- using unicode non-printing characters -- this is a workaround until we get the class arg in the <gallery> tag -- https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344784 local skininvert = zwsp .. zwsp .. zwsp; local bgtransparent = zwsp .. zwsp .. zwnj; for i = 1, #args do local currentfield = trim(args[i]) or '' if currentfield == '' then -- Skip empty fields elseif isImage(currentfield) then imageCount = imageCount + 1 virtualgallery[imageCount] = { currentfield } elseif imageCount > 0 and virtualgallery[imageCount][2] == nil then -- In case of multiple captions, use the first and ignore the laters virtualgallery[imageCount][2] = currentfield end end local altCount = 0; -- Run through virtualgallery and builds gallery for n = 1, #virtualgallery do local img = virtualgallery[n][1] local caption = virtualgallery[n][2] or '' local alt = trim(args['alt' .. n] or '') local class = trim(args['class' .. n] or '') -- we count alt text only before any modification if alt ~= '' then altCount = altCount + 1 else -- if alt is empty, we use the caption as a alt text. -- It is necessary because we add classes codes in the next step, -- we do not want to let the alt empty with just the non-printing characters. alt = (caption ~= '') and plaintext(caption) or '' end -- we attach the non-printing code to the end of the alt text if mw.ustring.find(class, 'skin%-invert') then -- this matches both skin-invert and skin-invert-image alt = alt .. skininvert end -- as it is possible to combine multiple classes, we use find instead of == if mw.ustring.find(class, 'bg%-transparent') then alt = alt .. bgtransparent end -- Some space between the arguments and the pipe to prevent unexpected behaviors. -- for example: in some cases the parser interpret the pipe as part of urls table.insert(gallery, img .. (alt ~= '' and (' |alt=' .. alt) or '') .. (caption ~= '' and (' |' .. caption) or '')) end -- For tracking and verifying during migration to the new algorimth. -- It can be removed once everything is verified if math.ceil(#args / 2) > imageCount then if altCount > 0 then table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with potential alt text mismatch]]') --else -- table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with extra empty fields]]') end end tbl:tag('div') :addClass('main') :tag('div') :wikitext( frame:extensionTag{ name = 'gallery', content = '\n' .. table.concat(gallery,'\n'), args = gargs} ) if args.footer then tbl:tag('div') :addClass('footer') :tag('div') :wikitext(args.footer) end local trackstr = (#tracking > 0) and table.concat(tracking, '') or '' if #preview > 0 then trackstr = require('Module:If preview')._warning({ 'Unknown parameters ' .. table.concat(preview, '; ') .. '.' }) .. trackstr end return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles} } .. tostring(tbl) .. trackstr end return p 0bm0t7fkwgtb7ttjw7i336x6hjgczei 828 9967 35583 2026-07-09T09:51:36Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Module rating|protected}} {{high-use}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Plain text}} {{uses TemplateStyles|Module:Gallery/styles.css}} Implements {{tl|gallery}} == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using gallery without a media namespace prefix}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with potential alt text mismatch}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with the captionstyle parameter}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with unknown parameters...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{high-use}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Plain text}} {{uses TemplateStyles|Module:Gallery/styles.css}} Implements {{tl|gallery}} == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using gallery without a media namespace prefix}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with potential alt text mismatch}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with the captionstyle parameter}} * {{clc|Pages using gallery with unknown parameters}} <noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> nwhtm88c4es7ige3rk5s3r7weriovx5 828 9968 35584 2026-07-09T09:52:05Z Avimaarak 3578 '/* {{pp-template}} */ @media all and (max-width: 720px) { .mod-gallery { width: 100% !important; } } .mod-gallery { display: table; } .mod-gallery-default { background: transparent; margin-top: 4px; } .mod-gallery-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* The outer container uses a float, it allows text to be on the side of the gallery But it can't align multi-row galleries by itself. */ ....' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35584 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ @media all and (max-width: 720px) { .mod-gallery { width: 100% !important; } } .mod-gallery { display: table; } .mod-gallery-default { background: transparent; margin-top: 4px; } .mod-gallery-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* The outer container uses a float, it allows text to be on the side of the gallery But it can't align multi-row galleries by itself. */ .mod-gallery-left { float: left; } .mod-gallery-right { float: right; } .mod-gallery-none { float: none; } /* The inner <ul> is a flex container, and we use it to align multi-row galleries. */ .mod-gallery-center .gallery { justify-content: center; } .mod-gallery-left .gallery { justify-content: left; } .mod-gallery-right .gallery { justify-content: right; } .mod-gallery-collapsible { width: 100%; } .mod-gallery .title, .mod-gallery .main, .mod-gallery .footer { display: table-row; } .mod-gallery .title > div { display: table-cell; padding: 0 4px 4px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; } .mod-gallery .main > div { display: table-cell; } .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery { line-height: 1.35em; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; column-gap: 4px; } .mod-gallery .footer > div { display: table-cell; padding: 4px; text-align: right; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1em; } .mod-gallery .title > div *, .mod-gallery .footer > div * { overflow: visible; } .mod-gallery .gallerybox img { background: none !important; } .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img { outline: solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0) 1px; } .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb { background: var( --background-color-base, #fff ) !important; } /* skin-invert-image is encoded as \200b\200b\200b */ /* bg-transparent is encoded as \200b\200b\200c */ @media screen { /* As skin-invert-image also invert the border color we have to use a light color to get a darker border */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*='\200b\200b\200b'], html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ { outline: solid #d7d7d7 1px; } /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img { background: none !important; } /* white background fallback for darkmode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*='\200b\200b\200b']):not([alt*='\200b\200b\200c']) { background: white !important; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b\200b\200b"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { /* As skin-invert-image also invert the border color we have to use a light color to get a darker border */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*='\200b\200b\200b'], html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ { outline: solid #d7d7d7 1px; } /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img { background: none !important; } /* white background fallback for darkmode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*='\200b\200b\200b']):not([alt*='\200b\200b\200c']) { background: white !important; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b\200b\200b"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); } } pmayxaxaxnqg34eidvuyd6e29ppl9ak 828 9969 35585 2026-07-09T09:52:39Z Avimaarak 3578 '--converts text with wikilinks to plain text, e.g "[[foo|gah]] is [[bar]]" to "gah is bar" --removes anything enclosed in tags that isn't nested, mediawiki strip markers (references etc), files, italic and bold markup require[[strict]] local p = {} function p.main(frame) local text = frame.args[1] local encode = require('Module:yesno')(frame.args.encode) return p._main(text, encode) end function p._main(text, enc...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35585 Scribunto text/plain --converts text with wikilinks to plain text, e.g "[[foo|gah]] is [[bar]]" to "gah is bar" --removes anything enclosed in tags that isn't nested, mediawiki strip markers (references etc), files, italic and bold markup require[[strict]] local p = {} function p.main(frame) local text = frame.args[1] local encode = require('Module:yesno')(frame.args.encode) return p._main(text, encode) end function p._main(text, encode) if not text then return end text = mw.text.killMarkers(text) :gsub('&nbsp;', ' ') --replace nbsp spaces with regular spaces :gsub('<br ?/?>', ', ') --replace br with commas :gsub('<span.->(.-)</span>', '%1') --remove spans while keeping text inside :gsub('<i.->(.-)</i>', '%1') --remove italics while keeping text inside :gsub('<b.->(.-)</b>', '%1') --remove bold while keeping text inside :gsub('<em.->(.-)</em>', '%1') --remove emphasis while keeping text inside :gsub('<strong.->(.-)</strong>', '%1') --remove strong while keeping text inside :gsub('<sub.->(.-)</sub>', '%1') --remove subscript markup; retain contents :gsub('<sup.->(.-)</sup>', '%1') --remove superscript markup; retain contents :gsub('<u.->(.-)</u>', '%1') --remove underline markup; retain contents :gsub('<.->.-<.->', '') --strip out remaining tags and the text inside :gsub('<.->', '') --remove any other tag markup :gsub('%[%[%s*[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]%s*:.-%]%]', '') --strip out files :gsub('%[%[%s*[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]%s*:.-%]%]', '') --strip out use of image: :gsub('%[%[%s*[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]%s*:.-%]%]', '') --strip out categories :gsub('%[%[[^%]]-|', '') --strip out piped link text :gsub('([^%[])%[[^%[%]][^%]]-%s', '%1') --strip out external link text :gsub('^%[[^%[%]][^%]]-%s', '') --strip out external link text :gsub('[%[%]]', '') --then strip out remaining [ and ] :gsub("'''''", "") --strip out bold italic markup :gsub("'''?", "") --not stripping out '''' gives correct output for bolded text in quotes :gsub('%-%-%-%-+', '') --remove ---- lines :gsub("^%s+", "") --strip leading :gsub("%s+$", "") --and trailing spaces :gsub("%s+", " ") --strip redundant spaces if encode then return mw.text.encode(text) else return text end end return p hoter5uo4etb5wdwstjvk8cajoqttvl 828 9970 35586 2026-07-09T09:53:10Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{Lua|Module:Plain text}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|{{Lua|Module:Yesno}}}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|Implements {{Tl|Plain text}}.{{sp}}}}Developed for producing short descriptions from text that may have markup, or other stuff that needs removing from short descriptions. == Usage == ;Code: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''Foo|...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{Lua|Module:Plain text}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|{{Lua|Module:Yesno}}}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|Implements {{Tl|Plain text}}.{{sp}}}}Developed for producing short descriptions from text that may have markup, or other stuff that needs removing from short descriptions. == Usage == ;Code: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki></syntaxhighlight> &rarr; :'''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki> ; Using {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}: :<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|Plain text|&#35;invoke:Plain text{{!}}main}}|1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki></syntaxhighlight>}}</code> → :{{Plain text|1='''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki>}} ==See also== {{Navbox wikitext-handling templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Modules that manipulate strings]] [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] [[Category:WikiProject Short descriptions]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[pt:Predefinição:Texto simples/doc]] [[vi:Bản mẫu:Plain text/doc]] </noinclude> jkjzuqnlccljwacjjyy1hichh3wthmh 35587 35586 2026-07-09T09:54:03Z Avimaarak 3578 [[खाँचा:Plain text/doc]] पे अनुप्रेषित 35587 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Plain text/doc]] h4nitzpd8y495y3wnorvbfmd0m93t8u 10 9971 35588 2026-07-09T09:54:30Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{Lua|Module:Plain text}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|{{Lua|Module:Yesno}}}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|Implements {{Tl|Plain text}}.{{sp}}}}Developed for producing short descriptions from text that may have markup, or other stuff that needs removing from short descriptions. == Usage == ;Code: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''Foo|...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{Lua|Module:Plain text}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|{{Lua|Module:Yesno}}}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|Implements {{Tl|Plain text}}.{{sp}}}}Developed for producing short descriptions from text that may have markup, or other stuff that needs removing from short descriptions. == Usage == ;Code: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki></syntaxhighlight> &rarr; :'''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki> ; Using {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}: :<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|Plain text|&#35;invoke:Plain text{{!}}main}}|1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki></syntaxhighlight>}}</code> → :{{Plain text|1='''[[Foo|hah]]'''^e <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki>}} ==See also== {{Navbox wikitext-handling templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Modules that manipulate strings]] [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] [[Category:WikiProject Short descriptions]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[pt:Predefinição:Texto simples/doc]] [[vi:Bản mẫu:Plain text/doc]] </noinclude> jkjzuqnlccljwacjjyy1hichh3wthmh 10 9972 35589 2026-07-09T09:55:19Z Avimaarak 3578 '<noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{#invoke:Plain text|main|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35589 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{#invoke:Plain text|main|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> j1sd7nr4syu1ekxrua7t2dn2unwklsn 0 9973 35592 2026-07-09T10:34:56Z Avimaarak 3578 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362323724|Shankha Ghosh]]" पन्ना कै अनुवाद कइके बनवा गा 35592 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''संख घोष''' (जन्म '''चित्तप्रिय घोष'''; 5 फरवरी 1932 - 21 अप्रैल 2021) <ref name="Kabira1986">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YndjAAAAMAAJ|title=Pañcāsa Bacharera Premera Kabitā: Bāṃlādeśa O Paścimabāṃlāra Kabitāra Panḍulipi Saṃkalana|last=Pharida Kabira|publisher=Signorinā|year=1986|page=82|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankha Ghosh - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation] |url=http://parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Parabaas}}</ref> एक भारतीय कवि अउर साहित्यिक आलोचक रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|year=2006|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1404–1405}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Sankha Ghosh, 1932- |url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=Library of Congress, New Delhi Office}}</ref> उनका जनम तत्कालीन बंगाल प्रेसीडेंसी, वर्तमान [[बांग्लादेश]] के चांदपुर जिला मा भा रहै। उनका पैतृक घर बारीसाल जिला के बनारीपाड़ा उपजिला मा रहै। उइ अपन बचपन अउर किशोरावस्था पाबना जिला के ईश्वरदी उपजिला मा बिताइन, जहां पर उनके पिता जी काम काज करति रहैं। घोष जी चन्द्रप्रभा विद्यापीठ, पाबना ते मैट्रिक पास कीन्हेनि। 1951 मा कोलकाता के प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज ते [[बांग्ला भाषा|बंगाली]] मा कला मा स्नातक डिग्री अउर बादि मा 1954 मा कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। [[भारत]] मा प्रशंसित उनके काम का खराब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के कारण वैश्विक मान्यता कम प्राप्त होइ सकी है। == कार्यक्षेत्र == घोष कइयो शैक्षिक संस्थानन मा पढ़ाइनि, जिनमा बंगबासी कॉलेज, सिटी कॉलेज (सब कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते संबद्ध हैं), जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, जंगीपुर कॉलेज अउर बरहमपुर गर्ल्स कॉलेज शामिल हैं। उइ 1992 मा जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। 1967 मा, उइ <a href="./Iowa_City,_Iowa" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="97" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Iowa City, Iowa&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Iowa_City_Downtown_June_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Iowa_City_Downtown_June_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:40},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;City in Iowa, United States&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q487977&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwQg" title="Iowa City, Iowa">आयोवा विश्वविद्यालय</a>, आयोवा सिटी, आईए मा आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लेखन कार्यक्रम के फॉल रेजीडेंसी मा भाग लीन्हेनि। उइ दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय, भारतीय उन्नत अध्ययन संस्थान, सिमला अउर विश्वभारती विश्वविद्यालयहो मा पढ़ाइनि। उइ 2016 मा मिले ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार सहित कइयो पुरस्कार जीतिन। उनका कलम नाम ''कुंतक'' रहै। समकालीन बंगाली साहित्य मा सबते सम्मानित नामन मा शक्ति चट्टोपाध्याय, सुनील गंगोपाध्याय, बिनोय मजूमदार अउर उत्पाल कुमार बसु के साथै घोष उन ' पंच पांडवन ' मा ते एक रहें जी बंगाली साहित्य जगत का याक नयी पहचान दीन्हेनि। घोष सोशल नेटवर्क फॉर असिस्टेंस टू पीपल (अनौपचारिक: एसोसिएशन एसएनएपी) के सदस्य रहे जेहिके माध्यम ते 2014 मा एक क्रांतिकारी सर्वेक्षण प्रकाशित कीन गा रहै जउन [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के मुस्लिम समुदाय के बीच गरीबी के थाह प्रगट कीन्हेसि। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Suvojit |date=2014-06-01 |title=Bengal's Muslims worse off: study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226155403/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-date=2021-02-26 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == निधन == घोष अऊर उनकी पत्नी 14 अप्रैल 2021 का कोविड-19 के लिए पॉजिटिव पाए गए। बाद मा उनका कई जटिलताओं से पीड़ित होइन अऊर 21 अप्रैल 2021 का कोलकाता मा अपने घरे मउत होइ गै। कवि के निधन के 8 दिन बाद उनकी पत्नी प्रतिमा घोष का भी कोविड-19 जटिलताओं से निधन हो गया। == साहित्यिक योगदान == बंगाली कविता जगत मा शंखा घोष कै योगदान रहा। ‘दिन-रात’, ‘बाबर के प्रार्थना’, ‘विज्ञापन मा चेहरा ढँका’, ‘गंधर्व कविता’ इनके उल्लेखनीय काव्य-पोथी हैं। यद्यपि शंखा घोष के शुरू मा ‘कवि’ के नाँव से जाना जात रहा, मुला इनकी गद्य रचनाएं असंख्य हैं। इनके द्वारा कविता औ गद्य का मिलावा गा है। <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="source needed to verify (December 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर के 'ओकम्पोर रवीन्द्रनाथ', 'ए अमीर आवरण', 'कलेर मतरा ओ रवीन्द्र नाटक', 'छंदर बरंडा' अऊर 'दामिनी के गीत' का नोट करै वाले एक प्रख्यात रवीन्द्र विशेषज्ञ रहे। ‘शब्द औ सत्य’, ‘उर्वशीर हासी’, औ ‘अहन सब अलीक’ ओनकै अउर उल्लेखनीय गद्य रचना अहैं। इनके लेखन का सालन से बंगाली मा अध्ययन अऊर लोकप्रियता मिली है। शंखा घोष कै काव्य मन, यहिके गति दुइ तरफा है। एक ओर, ऊ मन हमेशा दिन के सब सामाजिक-राजनीतिक घटनाओं के परिणामन से अवगत रहत है। समाज मा होय वाले कौनो भी अन्याय के खिलाफ घोष कै संवेदनशील कविता दहाड़त रही। निम्न वर्ग के जनता, गरीबन का शंखा घोष कै कविता अपने रोजमर्रा के दुख के साथी मिल सकत है। शंखा घोष के रचना समाज के असमानता, न्याय के अभाव का अपनी अचूक कवितन से पहिचानत है। == कृतित्व == '''काव्यशास्त्र''' 1. दिनगुली रातगुली ( Bengali ) (1956) 2. एखन समय नय ( Bengali ) (1967) 3. निहित पातालछाया ( Bengali ) (1967) 4. शंख घोषेर श्रेष्ठ कबिता ( Bengali ) (1970) 5. अदिम लतागुल्ममय ( Bengali ) (1972) 6. मूर्ख बड़ सामाजिक नय ( Bengali ) (1974) == पुरस्कार == * नरसिंह दास पुरस्कार (१९७७,मुर्खा बड़ो, समजिक नाय खातिन ) * साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (१९७७, बाबरेर प्रार्थना खातिन) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya: Akademi Awards |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref> * रवीन्द्र पुरस्कार (१९८९, धूम लेगेछे हृद कमले खातिन) <ref name="aa" /> * सरस्वती सम्मान अपने संकलन ''गंधर्ब कबितागुच्छ'' खातिन * ''रक्तकल्याण'' (१९९९) नामक तालेदण्ड (कन्नड़) नाटक के बंगाली मा अनुवाद खातिन साहित्य अकादमी का अनुवाद पुरस्कार <ref name=":0" /> * विश्व-भारती (1999) द्वारा देशिकोत्तम * डी. लिट विद्यासागर विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा (2010) * भारत सरकार द्वारा पद्मभूषण (२०११) * पत्रकारन अउर लेखकन के विश्व मंच (डब्ल्यूएफजेडब्ल्यू) द्वारा हॉल ऑफ फेम लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट "साहित्यब्रह्म" पुरस्कार (2015) * डी. लिट भारतीय इंजीनियरिंग विज्ञान अउर प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, शिबपुर, भारत (2015) द्वारा * भारत सरकार द्वारा ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार (2016) == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Shankha Ghosh at the Library of Congress {{Jnanpith Award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}{{Saraswati Samman}}{{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] dzfxa92mjbpqadul2nwxvnbg7ndu28w 35593 35592 2026-07-09T10:40:12Z Avimaarak 3578 35593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संख घोष''' (जन्म '''चित्तप्रिय घोष'''; 5 फरवरी 1932 - 21 अप्रैल 2021) <ref name="Kabira1986">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YndjAAAAMAAJ|title=Pañcāsa Bacharera Premera Kabitā: Bāṃlādeśa O Paścimabāṃlāra Kabitāra Panḍulipi Saṃkalana|last=Pharida Kabira|publisher=Signorinā|year=1986|page=82|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankha Ghosh - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation] |url=http://parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Parabaas}}</ref> एक भारतीय कवि अउर साहित्यिक आलोचक रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|year=2006|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1404–1405}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Sankha Ghosh, 1932- |url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=Library of Congress, New Delhi Office}}</ref> उनका जनम तत्कालीन बंगाल प्रेसीडेंसी, वर्तमान [[बांग्लादेश]] के चांदपुर जिला मा भा रहै। उनका पैतृक घर बारीसाल जिला के बनारीपाड़ा उपजिला मा रहै। उइ अपन बचपन अउर किशोरावस्था पाबना जिला के ईश्वरदी उपजिला मा बिताइन, जहां पर उनके पिता जी काम काज करति रहैं। घोष जी चन्द्रप्रभा विद्यापीठ, पाबना ते मैट्रिक पास कीन्हेनि। 1951 मा कोलकाता के प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज ते [[बांग्ला भाषा|बंगाली]] मा कला मा स्नातक डिग्री अउर बादि मा 1954 मा कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। [[भारत]] मा प्रशंसित उनके काम का खराब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के कारण वैश्विक मान्यता कम प्राप्त होइ सकी है। == कार्यक्षेत्र == घोष कइयो शैक्षिक संस्थानन मा पढ़ाइनि, जिनमा बंगबासी कॉलेज, सिटी कॉलेज (सब कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते संबद्ध हैं), जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, जंगीपुर कॉलेज अउर बरहमपुर गर्ल्स कॉलेज शामिल हैं। उइ 1992 मा जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। 1967 मा, उइ आयोवा विश्वविद्यालय,आयोवा सिटी,आईए मा आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लेखन कार्यक्रम के फॉल रेजीडेंसी मा भाग लीन्हेनि। उइ दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय, भारतीय उन्नत अध्ययन संस्थान, सिमला अउर विश्वभारती विश्वविद्यालयहो मा पढ़ाइनि। उइ 2016 मा मिले ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार सहित कइयो पुरस्कार जीतिन। उनका कलम नाम ''कुंतक'' रहै। समकालीन बंगाली साहित्य मा सबते सम्मानित नामन मा शक्ति चट्टोपाध्याय, सुनील गंगोपाध्याय, बिनोय मजूमदार अउर उत्पाल कुमार बसु के साथै घोष उन ' पंच पांडवन ' मा ते एक रहें जी बंगाली साहित्य जगत का याक नयी पहचान दीन्हेनि। घोष सोशल नेटवर्क फॉर असिस्टेंस टू पीपल (अनौपचारिक: एसोसिएशन एसएनएपी) के सदस्य रहे जेहिके माध्यम ते 2014 मा एक क्रांतिकारी सर्वेक्षण प्रकाशित कीन गा रहै जउन [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के मुस्लिम समुदाय के बीच गरीबी के थाह प्रगट कीन्हेसि। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Suvojit |date=2014-06-01 |title=Bengal's Muslims worse off: study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226155403/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-date=2021-02-26 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == निधन == घोष अऊर उनकी पत्नी 14 अप्रैल 2021 का कोविड-19 के लिए पॉजिटिव पाए गए। बाद मा उनका कई जटिलताओं से पीड़ित होइन अऊर 21 अप्रैल 2021 का कोलकाता मा अपने घरे मउत होइ गै। कवि के निधन के 8 दिन बाद उनकी पत्नी प्रतिमा घोष का भी कोविड-19 जटिलताओं से निधन हो गया। == साहित्यिक योगदान == बंगाली कविता जगत मा संख घोष का मुख्य योगदान रहै। ‘दिन-रात’, ‘बाबर के प्रार्थना’, ‘विज्ञापन मा चेहरा ढँका’, ‘गंधर्व कविता’ इनकी उल्लेखनीय काव्य-पोथी हैं। संख घोष का शुरू मा ‘कवि’ के रूप मा जाना जात रहै, मुला इनकी गद्य रचनौ असंख्य हैं। इनके द्वारा कविता औ गद्य का मिलावा गा है। रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर के 'ओकम्पोर रवीन्द्रनाथ', 'ए अमीर आवरण','कलेर मतरा ओ रवीन्द्र नाटक', 'छंदर बरंडा' अऊर 'दामिनी के गीत' का नोट करै वाले एक प्रख्यात रवीन्द्र विशेषज्ञ रहे। ‘शब्द औ सत्य’, ‘उर्वशीर हासी’, औ ‘अहन सब अलीक’ ओनकै अउर उल्लेखनीय गद्य रचना अहैं। इनके लेखन का सालन से बंगाली मा अध्ययन अऊर लोकप्रियता मिली है। शंखा घोष कै काव्य मन, यहिके गति दुइ तरफा है। एक ओर, ऊ मन हमेशा दिन के सब सामाजिक-राजनीतिक घटनाओं के परिणामन से अवगत रहत है। समाज मा होय वाले कौनो भी अन्याय के खिलाफ घोष कै संवेदनशील कविता दहाड़त रही। निम्न वर्ग के जनता, गरीबन का शंखा घोष कै कविता अपने रोजमर्रा के दुख के साथी मिल सकत है। शंखा घोष के रचना समाज के असमानता, न्याय के अभाव का अपनी अचूक कवितन से पहिचानत है। == कृतित्व == '''काव्यशास्त्र''' 1. दिनगुली रातगुली ( Bengali ) (1956) 2. एखन समय नय ( Bengali ) (1967) 3. निहित पातालछाया ( Bengali ) (1967) 4. शंख घोषेर श्रेष्ठ कबिता ( Bengali ) (1970) 5. अदिम लतागुल्ममय ( Bengali ) (1972) 6. मूर्ख बड़ सामाजिक नय ( Bengali ) (1974) == पुरस्कार == * नरसिंह दास पुरस्कार (१९७७,मुर्खा बड़ो, समजिक नाय खातिन ) * साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (१९७७, बाबरेर प्रार्थना खातिन) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya: Akademi Awards |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref> * रवीन्द्र पुरस्कार (१९८९, धूम लेगेछे हृद कमले खातिन) <ref name="aa" /> * सरस्वती सम्मान अपने संकलन ''गंधर्ब कबितागुच्छ'' खातिन * ''रक्तकल्याण'' (१९९९) नामक तालेदण्ड (कन्नड़) नाटक के बंगाली मा अनुवाद खातिन साहित्य अकादमी का अनुवाद पुरस्कार <ref name=":0" /> * विश्व-भारती (1999) द्वारा देशिकोत्तम * डी. लिट विद्यासागर विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा (2010) * भारत सरकार द्वारा पद्मभूषण (२०११) * पत्रकारन अउर लेखकन के विश्व मंच (डब्ल्यूएफजेडब्ल्यू) द्वारा हॉल ऑफ फेम लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट "साहित्यब्रह्म" पुरस्कार (2015) * डी. लिट भारतीय इंजीनियरिंग विज्ञान अउर प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, शिबपुर, भारत (2015) द्वारा * भारत सरकार द्वारा ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार (2016) == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Shankha Ghosh at the Library of Congress {{Jnanpith Award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}{{Saraswati Samman}}{{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] 9ib6yvrqvariz4574e6uhnhl3b18nt7 35595 35593 2026-07-09T10:47:56Z Avimaarak 3578 35595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = संख घोष | image = Sankha Ghosh - Kolkata 2011-05-09 3039.JPG | caption = 2011 मा संख घोष | birth_name = चित्तप्रिय घोष | birth_date = 05 फरवरी 1932 | birth_place = [[Chandpur District|चाँदपुर]], बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी, ब्रिटिश भारत | death_date = {{death date and age |2021|4|21 |1932|02|05|df=yes}} | death_place = [[कलकत्ता, पच्छिम बंगाल]], भारत | known_for = बंगाली साहित्य | title = कवि | spouse = प्रतिमा घोष (''[[Birth name|पहिले]]'' बिस्वास) | awards = [[पद्म भूषण]] (2011)<br />[[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] (2016)<br />[[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] (1977)<br /> | alma_mater = [[कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय]] | signature = }} '''संख घोष''' (जन्म '''चित्तप्रिय घोष'''; 5 फरवरी 1932 - 21 अप्रैल 2021) <ref name="Kabira1986">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YndjAAAAMAAJ|title=Pañcāsa Bacharera Premera Kabitā: Bāṃlādeśa O Paścimabāṃlāra Kabitāra Panḍulipi Saṃkalana|last=Pharida Kabira|publisher=Signorinā|year=1986|page=82|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankha Ghosh - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation] |url=http://parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Parabaas}}</ref> एक भारतीय कवि अउर साहित्यिक आलोचक रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|year=2006|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1404–1405}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Sankha Ghosh, 1932- |url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=Library of Congress, New Delhi Office}}</ref> उनका जनम तत्कालीन बंगाल प्रेसीडेंसी, वर्तमान [[बांग्लादेश]] के चांदपुर जिला मा भा रहै। उनका पैतृक घर बारीसाल जिला के बनारीपाड़ा उपजिला मा रहै। उइ अपन बचपन अउर किशोरावस्था पाबना जिला के ईश्वरदी उपजिला मा बिताइन, जहां पर उनके पिता जी काम काज करति रहैं। घोष जी चन्द्रप्रभा विद्यापीठ, पाबना ते मैट्रिक पास कीन्हेनि। 1951 मा कोलकाता के प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज ते [[बांग्ला भाषा|बंगाली]] मा कला मा स्नातक डिग्री अउर बादि मा 1954 मा कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। [[भारत]] मा प्रशंसित उनके काम का खराब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के कारण वैश्विक मान्यता कम प्राप्त होइ सकी है। == कार्यक्षेत्र == घोष कइयो शैक्षिक संस्थानन मा पढ़ाइनि, जिनमा बंगबासी कॉलेज, सिटी कॉलेज (सब कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते संबद्ध हैं), जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, जंगीपुर कॉलेज अउर बरहमपुर गर्ल्स कॉलेज शामिल हैं। उइ 1992 मा जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। 1967 मा, उइ आयोवा विश्वविद्यालय,आयोवा सिटी,आईए मा आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लेखन कार्यक्रम के फॉल रेजीडेंसी मा भाग लीन्हेनि। उइ दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय, भारतीय उन्नत अध्ययन संस्थान, सिमला अउर विश्वभारती विश्वविद्यालयहो मा पढ़ाइनि। उइ 2016 मा मिले ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार सहित कइयो पुरस्कार जीतिन। उनका कलम नाम ''कुंतक'' रहै। समकालीन बंगाली साहित्य मा सबते सम्मानित नामन मा शक्ति चट्टोपाध्याय, सुनील गंगोपाध्याय, बिनोय मजूमदार अउर उत्पाल कुमार बसु के साथै घोष उन ' पंच पांडवन ' मा ते एक रहें जी बंगाली साहित्य जगत का याक नयी पहचान दीन्हेनि। घोष सोशल नेटवर्क फॉर असिस्टेंस टू पीपल (अनौपचारिक: एसोसिएशन एसएनएपी) के सदस्य रहे जेहिके माध्यम ते 2014 मा एक क्रांतिकारी सर्वेक्षण प्रकाशित कीन गा रहै जउन [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के मुस्लिम समुदाय के बीच गरीबी के थाह प्रगट कीन्हेसि। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Suvojit |date=2014-06-01 |title=Bengal's Muslims worse off: study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226155403/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-date=2021-02-26 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == निधन == घोष अऊर उनकी पत्नी 14 अप्रैल 2021 का कोविड-19 के लिए पॉजिटिव पाए गए। बाद मा उनका कई जटिलताओं से पीड़ित होइन अऊर 21 अप्रैल 2021 का कोलकाता मा अपने घरे मउत होइ गै। कवि के निधन के 8 दिन बाद उनकी पत्नी प्रतिमा घोष का भी कोविड-19 जटिलताओं से निधन हो गया। == साहित्यिक योगदान == बंगाली कविता जगत मा संख घोष का मुख्य योगदान रहै। ‘दिन-रात’, ‘बाबर के प्रार्थना’, ‘विज्ञापन मा चेहरा ढँका’, ‘गंधर्व कविता’ इनकी उल्लेखनीय काव्य-पोथी हैं। संख घोष का शुरू मा ‘कवि’ के रूप मा जाना जात रहै, मुला इनकी गद्य रचनौ असंख्य हैं। इनके द्वारा कविता औ गद्य का मिलावा गा है। रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर के 'ओकम्पोर रवीन्द्रनाथ', 'ए अमीर आवरण','कलेर मतरा ओ रवीन्द्र नाटक', 'छंदर बरंडा' अऊर 'दामिनी के गीत' का नोट करै वाले एक प्रख्यात रवीन्द्र विशेषज्ञ रहे। ‘शब्द औ सत्य’, ‘उर्वशीर हासी’, औ ‘अहन सब अलीक’ ओनकै अउर उल्लेखनीय गद्य रचना अहैं। इनके लेखन का सालन से बंगाली मा अध्ययन अऊर लोकप्रियता मिली है। शंखा घोष कै काव्य मन, यहिके गति दुइ तरफा है। एक ओर, ऊ मन हमेशा दिन के सब सामाजिक-राजनीतिक घटनाओं के परिणामन से अवगत रहत है। समाज मा होय वाले कौनो भी अन्याय के खिलाफ घोष कै संवेदनशील कविता दहाड़त रही। निम्न वर्ग के जनता, गरीबन का शंखा घोष कै कविता अपने रोजमर्रा के दुख के साथी मिल सकत है। शंखा घोष के रचना समाज के असमानता, न्याय के अभाव का अपनी अचूक कवितन से पहिचानत है। == कृतित्व == '''काव्यशास्त्र''' 1. दिनगुली रातगुली ( Bengali ) (1956) 2. एखन समय नय ( Bengali ) (1967) 3. निहित पातालछाया ( Bengali ) (1967) 4. शंख घोषेर श्रेष्ठ कबिता ( Bengali ) (1970) 5. अदिम लतागुल्ममय ( Bengali ) (1972) 6. मूर्ख बड़ सामाजिक नय ( Bengali ) (1974) == पुरस्कार == * नरसिंह दास पुरस्कार (१९७७,मुर्खा बड़ो, समजिक नाय खातिन ) * साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (१९७७, बाबरेर प्रार्थना खातिन) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya: Akademi Awards |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref> * रवीन्द्र पुरस्कार (१९८९, धूम लेगेछे हृद कमले खातिन) <ref name="aa" /> * सरस्वती सम्मान अपने संकलन ''गंधर्ब कबितागुच्छ'' खातिन * ''रक्तकल्याण'' (१९९९) नामक तालेदण्ड (कन्नड़) नाटक के बंगाली मा अनुवाद खातिन साहित्य अकादमी का अनुवाद पुरस्कार <ref name=":0" /> * विश्व-भारती (1999) द्वारा देशिकोत्तम * डी. लिट विद्यासागर विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा (2010) * भारत सरकार द्वारा पद्मभूषण (२०११) * पत्रकारन अउर लेखकन के विश्व मंच (डब्ल्यूएफजेडब्ल्यू) द्वारा हॉल ऑफ फेम लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट "साहित्यब्रह्म" पुरस्कार (2015) * डी. लिट भारतीय इंजीनियरिंग विज्ञान अउर प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, शिबपुर, भारत (2015) द्वारा * भारत सरकार द्वारा ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार (2016) == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Shankha Ghosh at the Library of Congress {{Jnanpith Award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}{{Saraswati Samman}}{{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] om4xpykgofy7ctm3vl3dg24xnuzyw6g 35598 35595 2026-07-09T11:01:39Z Avimaarak 3578 35598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = संख घोष | image = Sankha Ghosh - Kolkata 2011-05-09 3039.JPG | caption = 2011 मा संख घोष | birth_name = चित्तप्रिय घोष | birth_date = 05 फरवरी 1932 | birth_place = [[Chandpur District|चाँदपुर]], बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी, ब्रिटिश भारत | death_date = 21 अप्रैल 2021 | death_place = [[कलकत्ता, पच्छिम बंगाल]], भारत | known_for = बंगाली साहित्य | title = कवि | spouse = प्रतिमा घोष (''[[Birth name|पहिले]]'' बिस्वास) | awards = [[पद्म भूषण]] (2011)<br />[[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] (2016)<br />[[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] (1977)<br /> | alma_mater = [[कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय]] | signature = }} '''संख घोष''' (जन्म '''चित्तप्रिय घोष'''; 5 फरवरी 1932 - 21 अप्रैल 2021) <ref name="Kabira1986">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YndjAAAAMAAJ|title=Pañcāsa Bacharera Premera Kabitā: Bāṃlādeśa O Paścimabāṃlāra Kabitāra Panḍulipi Saṃkalana|last=Pharida Kabira|publisher=Signorinā|year=1986|page=82|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankha Ghosh - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation] |url=http://parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Parabaas}}</ref> एक भारतीय कवि अउर साहित्यिक आलोचक रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|year=2006|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1404–1405}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Sankha Ghosh, 1932- |url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=Library of Congress, New Delhi Office}}</ref> उनका जनम तत्कालीन बंगाल प्रेसीडेंसी, वर्तमान [[बांग्लादेश]] के चांदपुर जिला मा भा रहै। उनका पैतृक घर बारीसाल जिला के बनारीपाड़ा उपजिला मा रहै। उइ अपन बचपन अउर किशोरावस्था पाबना जिला के ईश्वरदी उपजिला मा बिताइन, जहां पर उनके पिता जी काम काज करति रहैं। घोष जी चन्द्रप्रभा विद्यापीठ, पाबना ते मैट्रिक पास कीन्हेनि। 1951 मा कोलकाता के प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज ते [[बांग्ला भाषा|बंगाली]] मा कला मा स्नातक डिग्री अउर बादि मा 1954 मा कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। [[भारत]] मा प्रशंसित उनके काम का खराब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के कारण वैश्विक मान्यता कम प्राप्त होइ सकी है। == कार्यक्षेत्र == घोष कइयो शैक्षिक संस्थानन मा पढ़ाइनि, जिनमा बंगबासी कॉलेज, सिटी कॉलेज (सब कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते संबद्ध हैं), जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, जंगीपुर कॉलेज अउर बरहमपुर गर्ल्स कॉलेज शामिल हैं। उइ 1992 मा जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। 1967 मा, उइ आयोवा विश्वविद्यालय,आयोवा सिटी,आईए मा आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लेखन कार्यक्रम के फॉल रेजीडेंसी मा भाग लीन्हेनि। उइ दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय, भारतीय उन्नत अध्ययन संस्थान, सिमला अउर विश्वभारती विश्वविद्यालयहो मा पढ़ाइनि। उइ 2016 मा मिले ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार सहित कइयो पुरस्कार जीतिन। उनका कलम नाम ''कुंतक'' रहै। समकालीन बंगाली साहित्य मा सबते सम्मानित नामन मा शक्ति चट्टोपाध्याय, सुनील गंगोपाध्याय, बिनोय मजूमदार अउर उत्पाल कुमार बसु के साथै घोष उन ' पंच पांडवन ' मा ते एक रहें जी बंगाली साहित्य जगत का याक नयी पहचान दीन्हेनि। घोष सोशल नेटवर्क फॉर असिस्टेंस टू पीपल (अनौपचारिक: एसोसिएशन एसएनएपी) के सदस्य रहे जेहिके माध्यम ते 2014 मा एक क्रांतिकारी सर्वेक्षण प्रकाशित कीन गा रहै जउन [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के मुस्लिम समुदाय के बीच गरीबी के थाह प्रगट कीन्हेसि। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Suvojit |date=2014-06-01 |title=Bengal's Muslims worse off: study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226155403/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-date=2021-02-26 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == निधन == घोष अऊर उनकी पत्नी 14 अप्रैल 2021 का कोविड-19 पॉजिटिव पाए गें। बादि मा उइ अउरो कइयो परेशानिन ते पीड़ित होइ गें अउर अंततः 21 अप्रैल 2021 का कोलकाता मा घरै पर उनका निधन होइ गा। उनके निधन के 8 दिन बाद उनकी पत्नी प्रतिमा घोषौ का कोविड-19 ते निधन होइ गा। == साहित्यिक योगदान == बंगाली कविता जगत मा संख घोष का मुख्य योगदान रहै। ‘दिन-रात’, ‘बाबर के प्रार्थना’, ‘विज्ञापन मा चेहरा ढँका’, ‘गंधर्व कविता’ इनकी उल्लेखनीय काव्य-पोथी हैं। संख घोष का शुरू मा ‘कवि’ के रूप मा जाना जात रहै, मुला इनकी गद्य रचनौ असंख्य हैं। इनके द्वारा कविता औ गद्य का मेल कीन गा है। घोष बाबू एक प्रख्यात रवीन्द्र विशेषज्ञ रहैं। ‘शब्द औ सत्य’, ‘उर्वशीर हासी’, औ ‘अहन सब अलीक’ उनकी अउरो उल्लेखनीय गद्य रचना आहीं। इनके लेखन का सालन से बंगाली मा लोकप्रियता मिली है। संख घोष के काव्य मनके गति दुइतरफा है। एक ओर उनका मन हमेशा दिन की सब सामाजिक-राजनीतिक घटनन के परिणामन ते अवगत रहत है। समाज मा होय वाले कौनो अन्याय के खिलाफ घोष के संवेदनशील कविता दहाड़त रही। निम्न वर्ग की जनता औ गरीबन के खातिन संख घोष कै कविता रोजमर्रा के दुख के साथी है। संख घोष के रचना समाज के असमानता, न्याय के अभाव का अपनी अचूक रूप ते पहिचानत है। ==Works== '''Poetics''' 1. Dinguli rātaguli ({{langx|bn|দিনগুলি রাতগুলি}}) (1956) 2. Ekhan samaẏa naẏ ({{langx|bn|এখন সময় নয়}}) (1967) 3. Nihita pātālachāẏā ({{langx|bn|নিহিত পাতালছায়া}}) (1967) 4. Saṅkha ghōṣēr śrēṣṭha kabitā ({{langx|bn|শঙ্খ ঘোষের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা}}) (1970) 5. Adima latāgulmamaẏ ({{langx|bn|আদিম লতাগুল্মময়}}) (1972) 6. Mūrkha baṛa sāmājika naẏa ({{langx|bn|মূর্খ বড় সামাজিক নয়}}) (1974) 7. Baburēr prārthanā ({{langx|bn|বাবরের প্রার্থনা}}) (1976) 8. Minibook[ মিনিবুক] (1978) 9. Tumi to temon gaurī na'ō [তুমি তেমন গৌরী নও ](1978) 10. Panjarē dāṛēr Shabda [পাঁজরে দাঁড়ের শব্দ ](1980) 11. Kabitāsangraha -1[ কবিতাসংগ্রহ -১ ] (1980) 12. Praharajōṛā tritāla [ প্রহরজোড়া ত্রিতাল](1982) 13. Mukh ḍhēkē jay Bigyapanē[মুখ ঢেকে যায় বিজ্ঞাপনে ] (1984) 14. Bandhurā māti tarajāẏa [বন্ধুরা মাতি তরজায় ](1984) 15. Dhuma lēgēchē hr̥idakamalē [ধুম লেগেছে হৃদকমলে ](1984) 16. Kabitāsaṅgraha - 2[ কবিতাসংগ্রহ - ২ ] (1991) 17.Lainei chilāma bābā [ লাইনেই ছিলাম বাবা](1993) 18. Gāndharva kabitāguccha[ গান্ধর্ব কবিতাগুচ্ছ ] (1994) 19.Saṅkha ghōṣēr nirbācita prēmēr kabitā[ শঙ্খ ঘোষের নির্বাচিত প্রেমের কবিতা] (1994) 20. Mini kabitār boi[মিনি কবিতার বই ] (1994) 21. Saber uparē śāmiẏānā [ শবের উপরে শামিয়ানা](1996) 22.Chhandēr bhitarē ēto andhakār [ ছন্দের ভিতরে এত অন্ধকার](1999) 23. Jol'i pāṣāṇ hoẏē āchē [ জলই পাষাণ হয়ে আছে ](2004) 24. Samasta khatēr mukhē pali [ সমস্ত ক্ষতের মুখে পলি ](2007) 25. Māṭikhōm̐ṛā purōnō karōṭi[ মাটিখোঁড়া পুরোনো করোটি] (2009) 26. Gōṭādēśajōṛā ja'ughara [ গোটাদেশজোড়া জউঘর ](2010) 27. Hāsikhuśi mukhē sarbanāś[ হাসিখুশি মুখে সর্বনাশ] (2011) 28. Prati praśnē jēgē ōṭhē bhiṭē [ প্রতি প্রশ্নে জেগে ওঠে ভিটে](2012) 29.Bahus Various stabdha paṛē āchē[বহুস্বর স্তব্ধ পড়ে আছে ] (2014) 30.prēmēra kabitā [প্রেমের কবিতা ](2014) 31 . śaṅkha ghōṣēra kabitāsaṅgraha[শঙ্খ ঘোষের কবিতাসংগ্রহ ] (2015) 32. śuni nīraba ciṯkāra[ শুনি নীরব চিৎকার ] (2015) 33. ē'ō ēka byathā upaśama [এও এক ব্যথা উপশম ](2017) '''Prose''' 1. kālēra mātrā ō rabīndranāṭak [ কালের মাত্রা ও রবীন্দ্রনাটকএ](1969) 2. niḥśabdēra tarjanī[ নিঃশব্দের তর্জনী ] ,1972 2. Chhonder Baranda (ছন্দের বারান্দা) 1972 3. E Amir Aboron (এ আমির আবরণ) 1980 4. Urbashir Hasi (উর্বশীর হাসি) 1981 5. Shobdo Ar Satya (শব্দ আর সত্য) 1982 6. Nirmhan Ar Srishti (নির্মাণ আর সৃষ্টি) 1982 7. Kalpanar Historia (কল্পনার হিস্টোরিয়া) 1984 8. Journal (জার্নাল) 1985 9. Ghumiye Pora Album (ঘুমিয়ে পড়া এলবাম) 1986 10. Kobitar Muhurto (কবিতার মুহূর্ত) 1987 11. Kobitalekha Kobitapora (কবিতালেখা কবিতাপড়া) 1988 12. Aitihyer Bistar (ঐতিহ্যের বিস্তার) 1989 13. Chhandamoy Jibon (ছন্দময় জীবন) 1993 14. Kobir Abhipray (কবির অভিপ্রায়) 1994 15. Ekhono Shob Alik K (এখন সব অলীক ক) 1994 16. Boiyer Ghor (বইয়ের ঘর) 1996 17. Somoyer Jolchhobi (সময়ের জলছবি) 1998 18. Kobir Barmā (কবির বর্ম) 1998 19. Ishara Abirat (ইশারা অবিরত) 1999 20. Ei Shahar Rakhal (এই শহর রাখাল) 2000 21. Ichhamatir Mosha: Bhraman (ইচ্ছামতির মশা : ভ্রমণ) 2002 22. Daminir Gan (দামিনির গান) 2002 23. Gadyasangraha 1-6 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ ১-৬) 2002 24. Abishwase’r Bastab (অবিশ্বাসের বাস্তব) 2003 25. Gadyasangraha - 7 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৭) 2003 26. Saman’yo Asaman’yo (সামান্য অসামান্য) 2006 27. Prem Padabali (প্রেম পদাবলী) 2006 28. Chhera Kambiser Bag (ছেঁড়া ক্যামবিসের ব্যাগ) 2007 29. Somaypote Shankha Ghosh: Kobita Sonkolon (সময়পটে শঙ্খ ঘোষ : কবিতা সংকলন) 2008 30. Bhinna Rucir Adhikar (ভিন্ন রুচির অধিকার) 2009 31. Aroop Ar Udbhavon (আরোপ আর উদ্ভাবন) 2011 32. Bot Pakur Er Phena (বট পাকুড়ের ফেনা) 2011 33. Gadyasangraha - 8 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৮) 2013 34. Dekhar Drishti (দেখার দৃষ্টি) 2014 35. Ayowar Diary (আয়ওয়ার ডায়েরি) 2014 36. Nirbachito Prabandha: Rabindranath (নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ : রবীন্দ্রনাথ) 2014 37. Nirbachito Prabandha: Nana Prasanga (নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ : নানা প্রসঙ্গ) 2014 38. Nirbachito Gadyalekha (নির্বাচিত গদ্যলেখা) 2015 39. Gadyasangraha - 9 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৯) 2015 40. He Mahajiban: Rabindra Prasanga (হে মহাজীবন : রবীন্দ্র প্রসঙ্গ) 2016 41. Berate Jabar Sinri (বেড়াতে যাবার সিঁড়ি) 2016 42. Alpo Swalpo Katha (অল্প স্বল্প কথা) 2016 43. Nirahang Shilpi (নিরহং শিল্পী) 2017 44. Gadyasangraha-10 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ-১০) 2018 45. Lekha Jakhan Hoy Na (লেখা যখন হয় না) 2019 46. Param Bandhu Pradyumna (পরম বন্ধু প্রদ্যুমন) 2019 47. Sandhyandir Jole: Bangladesh Sonkolon (সন্ধ্যানদীর জলে :বাংলাদেশ সংকলন) 2019 48. Chhere Rekhei Dhore Rakha (ছেড়ে রেখেই ধরে রাখা) 2021 == पुरस्कार == * नरसिंह दास पुरस्कार (१९७७,मुर्खा बड़ो, समजिक नाय खातिन ) * साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (१९७७, बाबरेर प्रार्थना खातिन) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya: Akademi Awards |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref> * रवीन्द्र पुरस्कार (१९८९, धूम लेगेछे हृद कमले खातिन) <ref name="aa" /> * सरस्वती सम्मान अपने संकलन ''गंधर्ब कबितागुच्छ'' खातिन * ''रक्तकल्याण'' (१९९९) नामक तालेदण्ड (कन्नड़) नाटक के बंगाली मा अनुवाद खातिन साहित्य अकादमी का अनुवाद पुरस्कार <ref name=":0" /> * विश्व-भारती (1999) द्वारा देशिकोत्तम * डी. लिट विद्यासागर विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा (2010) * भारत सरकार द्वारा पद्मभूषण (२०११) * पत्रकारन अउर लेखकन के विश्व मंच (डब्ल्यूएफजेडब्ल्यू) द्वारा हॉल ऑफ फेम लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट "साहित्यब्रह्म" पुरस्कार (2015) * डी. लिट भारतीय इंजीनियरिंग विज्ञान अउर प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, शिबपुर, भारत (2015) द्वारा * भारत सरकार द्वारा ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार (2016) == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Shankha Ghosh at the Library of Congress {{Jnanpith Award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}{{Saraswati Samman}}{{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] cgl82s4o8ccf33do0lgj2560zyzo1ha 35614 35598 2026-07-09T11:30:51Z Avimaarak 3578 35614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = संख घोष | image = Sankha Ghosh - Kolkata 2011-05-09 3039.JPG | caption = 2011 मा संख घोष | birth_name = चित्तप्रिय घोष | birth_date = 05 फरवरी 1932 | birth_place = [[Chandpur District|चाँदपुर]], बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी, ब्रिटिश भारत | death_date = 21 अप्रैल 2021 | death_place = [[कलकत्ता, पच्छिम बंगाल]], भारत | known_for = बंगाली साहित्य | title = कवि | spouse = प्रतिमा घोष (''[[Birth name|पहिले]]'' बिस्वास) | awards = [[पद्म भूषण]] (2011)<br />[[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] (2016)<br />[[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] (1977)<br /> | alma_mater = [[कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय]] | signature = }} '''संख घोष''' (जन्म '''चित्तप्रिय घोष'''; 5 फरवरी 1932 - 21 अप्रैल 2021) <ref name="Kabira1986">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YndjAAAAMAAJ|title=Pañcāsa Bacharera Premera Kabitā: Bāṃlādeśa O Paścimabāṃlāra Kabitāra Panḍulipi Saṃkalana|last=Pharida Kabira|publisher=Signorinā|year=1986|page=82|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankha Ghosh - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation] |url=http://parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Parabaas}}</ref> एक भारतीय कवि अउर साहित्यिक आलोचक रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|year=2006|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1404–1405}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Sankha Ghosh, 1932- |url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=Library of Congress, New Delhi Office}}</ref> उनका जनम तत्कालीन बंगाल प्रेसीडेंसी, वर्तमान [[बांग्लादेश]] के चांदपुर जिला मा भा रहै। उनका पैतृक घर बारीसाल जिला के बनारीपाड़ा उपजिला मा रहै। उइ अपन बचपन अउर किशोरावस्था पाबना जिला के ईश्वरदी उपजिला मा बिताइन, जहां पर उनके पिता जी काम काज करति रहैं। घोष जी चन्द्रप्रभा विद्यापीठ, पाबना ते मैट्रिक पास कीन्हेनि। 1951 मा कोलकाता के प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज ते [[बांग्ला भाषा|बंगाली]] मा कला मा स्नातक डिग्री अउर बादि मा 1954 मा कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। [[भारत]] मा प्रशंसित उनके काम का खराब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के कारण वैश्विक मान्यता कम प्राप्त होइ सकी है। == कार्यक्षेत्र == घोष कइयो शैक्षिक संस्थानन मा पढ़ाइनि, जिनमा बंगबासी कॉलेज, सिटी कॉलेज (सब कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते संबद्ध हैं), जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, जंगीपुर कॉलेज अउर बरहमपुर गर्ल्स कॉलेज शामिल हैं। उइ 1992 मा जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। 1967 मा, उइ आयोवा विश्वविद्यालय,आयोवा सिटी,आईए मा आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लेखन कार्यक्रम के फॉल रेजीडेंसी मा भाग लीन्हेनि। उइ दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय, भारतीय उन्नत अध्ययन संस्थान, सिमला अउर विश्वभारती विश्वविद्यालयहो मा पढ़ाइनि। उइ 2016 मा मिले ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार सहित कइयो पुरस्कार जीतिन। उनका कलम नाम ''कुंतक'' रहै। समकालीन बंगाली साहित्य मा सबते सम्मानित नामन मा शक्ति चट्टोपाध्याय, सुनील गंगोपाध्याय, बिनोय मजूमदार अउर उत्पाल कुमार बसु के साथै घोष उन ' पंच पांडवन ' मा ते एक रहें जी बंगाली साहित्य जगत का याक नयी पहचान दीन्हेनि। घोष सोशल नेटवर्क फॉर असिस्टेंस टू पीपल (अनौपचारिक: एसोसिएशन एसएनएपी) के सदस्य रहे जेहिके माध्यम ते 2014 मा एक क्रांतिकारी सर्वेक्षण प्रकाशित कीन गा रहै जउन [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के मुस्लिम समुदाय के बीच गरीबी के थाह प्रगट कीन्हेसि। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Suvojit |date=2014-06-01 |title=Bengal's Muslims worse off: study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226155403/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-date=2021-02-26 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == निधन == घोष अऊर उनकी पत्नी 14 अप्रैल 2021 का कोविड-19 पॉजिटिव पाए गें। बादि मा उइ अउरो कइयो परेशानिन ते पीड़ित होइ गें अउर अंततः 21 अप्रैल 2021 का कोलकाता मा घरै पर उनका निधन होइ गा। उनके निधन के 8 दिन बाद उनकी पत्नी प्रतिमा घोषौ का कोविड-19 ते निधन होइ गा। == साहित्यिक योगदान == बंगाली कविता जगत मा संख घोष का मुख्य योगदान रहै। ‘दिन-रात’, ‘बाबर के प्रार्थना’, ‘विज्ञापन मा चेहरा ढँका’, ‘गंधर्व कविता’ इनकी उल्लेखनीय काव्य-पोथी हैं। संख घोष का शुरू मा ‘कवि’ के रूप मा जाना जात रहै, मुला इनकी गद्य रचनौ असंख्य हैं। इनके द्वारा कविता औ गद्य का मेल कीन गा है। घोष बाबू एक प्रख्यात रवीन्द्र विशेषज्ञ रहैं। ‘शब्द औ सत्य’, ‘उर्वशीर हासी’, औ ‘अहन सब अलीक’ उनकी अउरो उल्लेखनीय गद्य रचना आहीं। इनके लेखन का सालन से बंगाली मा लोकप्रियता मिली है। संख घोष के काव्य मनके गति दुइतरफा है। एक ओर उनका मन हमेशा दिन की सब सामाजिक-राजनीतिक घटनन के परिणामन ते अवगत रहत है। समाज मा होय वाले कौनो अन्याय के खिलाफ घोष के संवेदनशील कविता दहाड़त रही। निम्न वर्ग की जनता औ गरीबन के खातिन संख घोष कै कविता रोजमर्रा के दुख के साथी है। संख घोष के रचना समाज के असमानता, न्याय के अभाव का अपनी अचूक रूप ते पहिचानत है। ==Works== '''Poetics''' 1. Dinguli rātaguli ({{langx|bn|দিনগুলি রাতগুলি}}) (1956) 2. Ekhan samaẏa naẏ ({{langx|bn|এখন সময় নয়}}) (1967) 3. Nihita pātālachāẏā ({{langx|bn|নিহিত পাতালছায়া}}) (1967) 4. Saṅkha ghōṣēr śrēṣṭha kabitā (শঙ্খ ঘোষের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা) (1970) 5. Adima latāgulmamaẏ (আদিম লতাগুল্মময় (1972) 6. Mūrkha baṛa sāmājika naẏa ({{langx|bn|মূর্খ বড় সামাজিক নয়}}) (1974) 7. Baburēr prārthanā ({{langx|bn|বাবরের প্রার্থনা}}) (1976) 8. Minibook[ মিনিবুক] (1978) 9. Tumi to temon gaurī na'ō [তুমি তেমন গৌরী নও ](1978) 10. Panjarē dāṛēr Shabda [পাঁজরে দাঁড়ের শব্দ ](1980) 11. Kabitāsangraha -1[ কবিতাসংগ্রহ -১ ] (1980) 12. Praharajōṛā tritāla [ প্রহরজোড়া ত্রিতাল](1982) 13. Mukh ḍhēkē jay Bigyapanē[মুখ ঢেকে যায় বিজ্ঞাপনে ] (1984) 14. Bandhurā māti tarajāẏa [বন্ধুরা মাতি তরজায় ](1984) 15. Dhuma lēgēchē hr̥idakamalē [ধুম লেগেছে হৃদকমলে ](1984) 16. Kabitāsaṅgraha - 2[ কবিতাসংগ্রহ - ২ ] (1991) 17.Lainei chilāma bābā [ লাইনেই ছিলাম বাবা](1993) 18. Gāndharva kabitāguccha[ গান্ধর্ব কবিতাগুচ্ছ ] (1994) 19.Saṅkha ghōṣēr nirbācita prēmēr kabitā[ শঙ্খ ঘোষের নির্বাচিত প্রেমের কবিতা] (1994) 20. Mini kabitār boi[মিনি কবিতার বই ] (1994) 21. Saber uparē śāmiẏānā [ শবের উপরে শামিয়ানা](1996) 22.Chhandēr bhitarē ēto andhakār [ ছন্দের ভিতরে এত অন্ধকার](1999) 23. Jol'i pāṣāṇ hoẏē āchē [ জলই পাষাণ হয়ে আছে ](2004) 24. Samasta khatēr mukhē pali [ সমস্ত ক্ষতের মুখে পলি ](2007) 25. Māṭikhōm̐ṛā purōnō karōṭi[ মাটিখোঁড়া পুরোনো করোটি] (2009) 26. Gōṭādēśajōṛā ja'ughara [ গোটাদেশজোড়া জউঘর ](2010) 27. Hāsikhuśi mukhē sarbanāś[ হাসিখুশি মুখে সর্বনাশ] (2011) 28. Prati praśnē jēgē ōṭhē bhiṭē [ প্রতি প্রশ্নে জেগে ওঠে ভিটে](2012) 29.Bahus Various stabdha paṛē āchē[বহুস্বর স্তব্ধ পড়ে আছে ] (2014) 30.prēmēra kabitā [প্রেমের কবিতা ](2014) 31 . śaṅkha ghōṣēra kabitāsaṅgraha[শঙ্খ ঘোষের কবিতাসংগ্রহ ] (2015) 32. śuni nīraba ciṯkāra[ শুনি নীরব চিৎকার ] (2015) 33. ē'ō ēka byathā upaśama [এও এক ব্যথা উপশম ](2017) '''Prose''' 1. kālēra mātrā ō rabīndranāṭak [ কালের মাত্রা ও রবীন্দ্রনাটকএ](1969) 2. niḥśabdēra tarjanī[ নিঃশব্দের তর্জনী ] ,1972 2. Chhonder Baranda (ছন্দের বারান্দা) 1972 3. E Amir Aboron (এ আমির আবরণ) 1980 4. Urbashir Hasi (উর্বশীর হাসি) 1981 5. Shobdo Ar Satya (শব্দ আর সত্য) 1982 6. Nirmhan Ar Srishti (নির্মাণ আর সৃষ্টি) 1982 7. Kalpanar Historia (কল্পনার হিস্টোরিয়া) 1984 8. Journal (জার্নাল) 1985 9. Ghumiye Pora Album (ঘুমিয়ে পড়া এলবাম) 1986 10. Kobitar Muhurto (কবিতার মুহূর্ত) 1987 11. Kobitalekha Kobitapora (কবিতালেখা কবিতাপড়া) 1988 12. Aitihyer Bistar (ঐতিহ্যের বিস্তার) 1989 13. Chhandamoy Jibon (ছন্দময় জীবন) 1993 14. Kobir Abhipray (কবির অভিপ্রায়) 1994 15. Ekhono Shob Alik K (এখন সব অলীক ক) 1994 16. Boiyer Ghor (বইয়ের ঘর) 1996 17. Somoyer Jolchhobi (সময়ের জলছবি) 1998 18. Kobir Barmā (কবির বর্ম) 1998 19. Ishara Abirat (ইশারা অবিরত) 1999 20. Ei Shahar Rakhal (এই শহর রাখাল) 2000 21. Ichhamatir Mosha: Bhraman (ইচ্ছামতির মশা : ভ্রমণ) 2002 22. Daminir Gan (দামিনির গান) 2002 23. Gadyasangraha 1-6 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ ১-৬) 2002 24. Abishwase’r Bastab (অবিশ্বাসের বাস্তব) 2003 25. Gadyasangraha - 7 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৭) 2003 26. Saman’yo Asaman’yo (সামান্য অসামান্য) 2006 27. Prem Padabali (প্রেম পদাবলী) 2006 28. Chhera Kambiser Bag (ছেঁড়া ক্যামবিসের ব্যাগ) 2007 29. Somaypote Shankha Ghosh: Kobita Sonkolon (সময়পটে শঙ্খ ঘোষ : কবিতা সংকলন) 2008 30. Bhinna Rucir Adhikar (ভিন্ন রুচির অধিকার) 2009 31. Aroop Ar Udbhavon (আরোপ আর উদ্ভাবন) 2011 32. Bot Pakur Er Phena (বট পাকুড়ের ফেনা) 2011 33. Gadyasangraha - 8 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৮) 2013 34. Dekhar Drishti (দেখার দৃষ্টি) 2014 35. Ayowar Diary (আয়ওয়ার ডায়েরি) 2014 36. Nirbachito Prabandha: Rabindranath (নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ : রবীন্দ্রনাথ) 2014 37. Nirbachito Prabandha: Nana Prasanga (নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ : নানা প্রসঙ্গ) 2014 38. Nirbachito Gadyalekha (নির্বাচিত গদ্যলেখা) 2015 39. Gadyasangraha - 9 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৯) 2015 40. He Mahajiban: Rabindra Prasanga (হে মহাজীবন : রবীন্দ্র প্রসঙ্গ) 2016 41. Berate Jabar Sinri (বেড়াতে যাবার সিঁড়ি) 2016 42. Alpo Swalpo Katha (অল্প স্বল্প কথা) 2016 43. Nirahang Shilpi (নিরহং শিল্পী) 2017 44. Gadyasangraha-10 (গদ্যসংগ্রহ-১০) 2018 45. Lekha Jakhan Hoy Na (লেখা যখন হয় না) 2019 46. Param Bandhu Pradyumna (পরম বন্ধু প্রদ্যুমন) 2019 47. Sandhyandir Jole: Bangladesh Sonkolon (সন্ধ্যানদীর জলে :বাংলাদেশ সংকলন) 2019 48. Chhere Rekhei Dhore Rakha (ছেড়ে রেখেই ধরে রাখা) 2021 == पुरस्कार == * नरसिंह दास पुरस्कार (१९७७,मुर्खा बड़ो, समजिक नाय खातिन ) * साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (१९७७, बाबरेर प्रार्थना खातिन) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya: Akademi Awards |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref> * रवीन्द्र पुरस्कार (१९८९, धूम लेगेछे हृद कमले खातिन) <ref name="aa" /> * सरस्वती सम्मान अपने संकलन ''गंधर्ब कबितागुच्छ'' खातिन * ''रक्तकल्याण'' (१९९९) नामक तालेदण्ड (कन्नड़) नाटक के बंगाली मा अनुवाद खातिन साहित्य अकादमी का अनुवाद पुरस्कार <ref name=":0" /> * विश्व-भारती (1999) द्वारा देशिकोत्तम * डी. लिट विद्यासागर विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा (2010) * भारत सरकार द्वारा पद्मभूषण (२०११) * पत्रकारन अउर लेखकन के विश्व मंच (डब्ल्यूएफजेडब्ल्यू) द्वारा हॉल ऑफ फेम लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट "साहित्यब्रह्म" पुरस्कार (2015) * डी. लिट भारतीय इंजीनियरिंग विज्ञान अउर प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, शिबपुर, भारत (2015) द्वारा * भारत सरकार द्वारा ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार (2016) == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Shankha Ghosh at the Library of Congress {{Jnanpith Award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}{{Saraswati Samman}}{{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] b8v8p2cfp5o9jxoy4gvzwwsyodaxjng 35624 35614 2026-07-09T11:55:19Z Avimaarak 3578 35624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = संख घोष | image = Sankha Ghosh - Kolkata 2011-05-09 3039.JPG | caption = 2011 मा संख घोष | birth_name = चित्तप्रिय घोष | birth_date = 05 फरवरी 1932 | birth_place = [[Chandpur District|चाँदपुर]], बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी, ब्रिटिश भारत | death_date = 21 अप्रैल 2021 | death_place = [[कलकत्ता, पच्छिम बंगाल]], भारत | known_for = बंगाली साहित्य | title = कवि | spouse = प्रतिमा घोष (''[[Birth name|पहिले]]'' बिस्वास) | awards = [[पद्म भूषण]] (2011)<br />[[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] (2016)<br />[[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] (1977)<br /> | alma_mater = [[कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय]] | signature = }} '''संख घोष''' (जन्म '''चित्तप्रिय घोष'''; 5 फरवरी 1932 - 21 अप्रैल 2021) <ref name="Kabira1986">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YndjAAAAMAAJ|title=Pañcāsa Bacharera Premera Kabitā: Bāṃlādeśa O Paścimabāṃlāra Kabitāra Panḍulipi Saṃkalana|last=Pharida Kabira|publisher=Signorinā|year=1986|page=82|language=bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankha Ghosh - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation] |url=http://parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Parabaas}}</ref> एक भारतीय कवि अउर साहित्यिक आलोचक रहैं। <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|year=2006|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1404–1405}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Sankha Ghosh, 1932- |url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/sankhaghosh.html |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=Library of Congress, New Delhi Office}}</ref> उनका जनम तत्कालीन बंगाल प्रेसीडेंसी, वर्तमान [[बांग्लादेश]] के चांदपुर जिला मा भा रहै। उनका पैतृक घर बारीसाल जिला के बनारीपाड़ा उपजिला मा रहै। उइ अपन बचपन अउर किशोरावस्था पाबना जिला के ईश्वरदी उपजिला मा बिताइन, जहां पर उनके पिता जी काम काज करति रहैं। घोष जी चन्द्रप्रभा विद्यापीठ, पाबना ते मैट्रिक पास कीन्हेनि। 1951 मा कोलकाता के प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज ते [[बांग्ला भाषा|बंगाली]] मा कला मा स्नातक डिग्री अउर बादि मा 1954 मा कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त कीन्हेनि। [[भारत]] मा प्रशंसित उनके काम का खराब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के कारण वैश्विक मान्यता कम प्राप्त होइ सकी है। == कार्यक्षेत्र == घोष कइयो शैक्षिक संस्थानन मा पढ़ाइनि, जिनमा बंगबासी कॉलेज, सिटी कॉलेज (सब कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय ते संबद्ध हैं), जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, जंगीपुर कॉलेज अउर बरहमपुर गर्ल्स कॉलेज शामिल हैं। उइ 1992 मा जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय ते सेवानिवृत्त भें। 1967 मा, उइ आयोवा विश्वविद्यालय,आयोवा सिटी,आईए मा आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लेखन कार्यक्रम के फॉल रेजीडेंसी मा भाग लीन्हेनि। उइ दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय, भारतीय उन्नत अध्ययन संस्थान, सिमला अउर विश्वभारती विश्वविद्यालयहो मा पढ़ाइनि। उइ 2016 मा मिले ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार सहित कइयो पुरस्कार जीतिन। उनका कलम नाम ''कुंतक'' रहै। समकालीन बंगाली साहित्य मा सबते सम्मानित नामन मा शक्ति चट्टोपाध्याय, सुनील गंगोपाध्याय, बिनोय मजूमदार अउर उत्पाल कुमार बसु के साथै घोष उन ' पंच पांडवन ' मा ते एक रहें जी बंगाली साहित्य जगत का याक नयी पहचान दीन्हेनि। घोष सोशल नेटवर्क फॉर असिस्टेंस टू पीपल (अनौपचारिक: एसोसिएशन एसएनएपी) के सदस्य रहे जेहिके माध्यम ते 2014 मा एक क्रांतिकारी सर्वेक्षण प्रकाशित कीन गा रहै जउन [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के मुस्लिम समुदाय के बीच गरीबी के थाह प्रगट कीन्हेसि। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Suvojit |date=2014-06-01 |title=Bengal's Muslims worse off: study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226155403/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bengals-muslims-worse-off-study/article6071068.ece |archive-date=2021-02-26 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == निधन == घोष अऊर उनकी पत्नी 14 अप्रैल 2021 का कोविड-19 पॉजिटिव पाए गें। बादि मा उइ अउरो कइयो परेशानिन ते पीड़ित होइ गें अउर अंततः 21 अप्रैल 2021 का कोलकाता मा घरै पर उनका निधन होइ गा। उनके निधन के 8 दिन बाद उनकी पत्नी प्रतिमा घोषौ का कोविड-19 ते निधन होइ गा। == साहित्यिक योगदान == बंगाली कविता जगत मा संख घोष का मुख्य योगदान रहै। ‘दिन-रात’, ‘बाबर के प्रार्थना’, ‘विज्ञापन मा चेहरा ढँका’, ‘गंधर्व कविता’ इनकी उल्लेखनीय काव्य-पोथी हैं। संख घोष का शुरू मा ‘कवि’ के रूप मा जाना जात रहै, मुला इनकी गद्य रचनौ असंख्य हैं। इनके द्वारा कविता औ गद्य का मेल कीन गा है। घोष बाबू एक प्रख्यात रवीन्द्र विशेषज्ञ रहैं। ‘शब्द औ सत्य’, ‘उर्वशीर हासी’, औ ‘अहन सब अलीक’ उनकी अउरो उल्लेखनीय गद्य रचना आहीं। इनके लेखन का सालन से बंगाली मा लोकप्रियता मिली है। संख घोष के काव्य मनके गति दुइतरफा है। एक ओर उनका मन हमेशा दिन की सब सामाजिक-राजनीतिक घटनन के परिणामन ते अवगत रहत है। समाज मा होय वाले कौनो अन्याय के खिलाफ घोष के संवेदनशील कविता दहाड़त रही। निम्न वर्ग की जनता औ गरीबन के खातिन संख घोष कै कविता रोजमर्रा के दुख के साथी है। संख घोष के रचना समाज के असमानता, न्याय के अभाव का अपनी अचूक रूप ते पहिचानत है। ==कृतित्व== '''काव्य''' *1. दिनगुली रातगुली (দিনগুলি রাতগুলি) (Dinguli rātaguli) (1956) *2. एखन समय नय (এখন সময় নয়) (Ekhan samaẏa naẏ) (1967) *3. निहित पातालछाया (নিহিত পাতালছায়া) (Nihita pātālachāẏā) (1967) *4. शंख घोषेर श्रेष्ठ कविता (শঙ্খ ঘোষের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা) (Saṅkha ghōṣēr śrēṣṭha kabitā) (1970) *5. आदिम लतागुल्ममय (आদিম লতাগুল্মময়) (Adima latāgulmamaẏ) (1972) *6. मूर्ख बड़ सामाजिक नय (মূর্খ বড় সামাজিক নয়) (Mūrkha baṛa sāmājika naẏa) (1974) *7. बाबरेर प्रार्थना (বাবরের প্রার্থনা) (Baburēr prārthanā) (1976) *8. मिनीबुक (মিনিবুক) (Minibook) (1978) *9. तुमि तो तेमन गौरी नओ (তুমি তেমন গৌরী নও ) (Tumi to temon gaurī na'ō) (1978) *10. पांजरे दाँड़ेर शब्द (পাঁজরে দাঁড়ের শব্দ ) (Panjarē dāṛēr Shabda) (1980) *11. कवितासंग्रह - १ (কবিতাসংগ্রহ -১ ) (Kabitāsangraha -1) (1980) *12. प्रहरजोड़ा त्रिताल (प्रहरজোড়া ত্রিতাল) (Praharajōṛā tritāla) (1982) *13. मुख ढेके जाय विज्ञापन (মুখ ঢেকে যায় বিজ্ঞাপনে ) (Mukh ḍhēkē jay Bigyapanē) (1984) *14. बंधुरा माति तरजाय (বন্ধুরা মাতি তরজায় ) (Bandhurā māti tarajāẏa) (1984) *15. धुम लेगेछे हृदकमले (ধুম লেগেছে হৃদকমলে ) (Dhuma lēgēchē hr̥idakamalē) (1984) *16. कवितासंग्रह - २ (কবিতাসংগ্রহ - ২ ) (Kabitāsaṅgraha - 2) (1991) *17. लाइनेई छिलाम बाबा (লাইনেই ছিলাম বাবা) (Lainei chilāma bābā) (1993) *18. गांधर्व कवितागुच्छ (গান্ধর্ব কবিতাগুচ্ছ ) (Gāndharva kabitāguccha) (1994) *19. शंख घोषेर निर्वाचित प्रेमेर कविता (শঙ্খ ঘোষের নির্বাচিত প্রেমের কবিতা) (Saṅkha ghōṣēr nirbācita prēmēr kabitā) (1994) *20. मिनी कवितार बई (মিনি কবিতার বই ) (Mini kabitār boi) (1994) *21. शबेर उपरे शामियाना (শবের উপরে শামিয়ানা) (Saber uparē śāmiẏānā) (1996) *22. छंदेर भितरे एतो अंधकार (ছন্দের ভিতরে এত অন্ধকার) (Chhandēr bhitarē ēto andhakār) (1999) *23. जलई पाषाण हये आछे (জলই পাষাণ হয়ে আছে ) (Jol'i pāṣāṇ hoẏē āchē) (2004) *24. समस्त क्षतेर मुखे पलि (সমস্ত ক্ষতের মুখে পলি ) (Samasta khatēr mukhē pali) (2007) *25. माटिखोंड़ा पुरोनो करोटी (মাটিখোঁড়া পুরোনো করোটি) (Māṭikhōm̐ṛā purōnō karōti) (2009) *26. गोटादेशजोड़ा जउघर (গোটাদেশজোড়া জউঘর ) (Gōṭādēśajōṛā ja'ughara) (2010) *27. हासिखुशि मुखे सर्वनाश (হাসিখুশি মুখে সর্বনাশ) (Hāsikhuśi mukhē sarbanāś) (2011) *28. प्रति प्रश्ने जेगे उठे विटे (প্রতি প্রশ্নে জেগে ওঠে ভিটে) (Prati praśnē jēgē ōṭhē bhiṭē) (2012) *29. बहुस्वर स्तब्ध पड़े आछे (বহুস্বর স্তব্ধ পড়ে আছে ) (Bahus Various stabdha paṛē āchē) (2014) *30. प्रेमेर कविता (প্রেমের কবিতা ) (prēmēra kabitā) (2014) *31. शंख घोषेर कवितासंग्रह (শঙ্খ ঘোষের কবিতাসংগ্রহ ) (śaṅkha ghōṣēra kabitāsaṅgraha) (2015) *32. शुनि नीरव चीत्कार (শুনি নীরব চিৎকার ) (śuni nīraba ciṯkāra) (2015) *33. एओ एक व्यथा उपशम (এও এক ব্যথা উপশম ) (ē'ō ēka byathā upaśama) (2017) '''गद्य''' *1. कालेर मात्रा ओ रवींद्रनाटक (কালের মাত্রা ও রবীন্দ্রনাটকএ) (kālēra mātrā ō rabīndranāṭak) (1969) *2. निःशब्देर तर्जनी (নিঃশব্দের তর্জনী ) (niḥśabdēra tarjanī) (1972) *3. छंदेर बारंदा (ছন্দের বারান্দা) (Chhonder Baranda) (1972) *4. ए आमिर आवरण (এ আমির আবরণ) (E Amir Aboron) (1980) *5. उर्वशीर हासि (উর্বশীর হাসি) (Urbashir Hasi) (1981) *6. शब्द आर सत्य (শব্দ আর সত্য) (Shobdo Ar Satya) (1982) *7. निर्माण आर सृष्टि (নির্মাণ আর সৃষ্টি) (Nirmhan Ar Srishti) (1982) *8. कल्पनार हिस्टोरिया (কল্পনার হিস্টোরিয়া) (Kalpanar Historia) (1984) *9. जर्नल (জার্নাল) (Journal) (1985) *10. घुमिये पड़ा एल्बम (ঘুমিয়ে পড়া এলবাম) (Ghumiye Pora Album) (1986) *11. कवितार मुहूर्त (কবিতার মুহূর্ত) (Kobitar Muhurto) (1987) *12. कवितालेखा कवितापड़ा (কবিতালেখা কবিতাপড়া) (Kobitalekha Kobitapora) (1988) *13. ऐतिह्येर विस्तार (ঐতিহ্যের বিস্তার) (Aitihyer Bistar) (1989) *14. छंदमय जीवन (ছন্দময় জীবন) (Chhandomoy Jibon) (1993) *15. कवीर अभिप्राय (কবির অভিপ্রায়) (Kobir Abhipray) (1994) *16. एखनो सब अलीक क (এখন সব অলীক ক) (Ekhono Shob Alik K) (1994) *17. बईयेर घर (বইয়ের ঘর) (Boiyer Ghor) (1996) *18. समयेर जलछवि (সময়ের জলছবি) (Somoyer Jolchhobi) (1998) *19. कवीर वर्म (কবির বর্ম) (Kobir Barmā) (1998) *20. इशारा अविरत (ইশারা অবিরত) (Ishara Abirat) (1999) *21. एई शहर राखाल (এই শহর রাখাল) (Ei Shahar Rakhal) (2000) *22. इच्छामतीर मोशा : भ्रमण (ইচ্ছামতির মশা : ভ্রমণ) (Ichhamatir Mosha: Bhraman) (2002) *23. दामिनीर गान (দামিনির গান) (Daminir Gan) (2002) *24. गद्यसंग्रह १-६ (গদ্যসংগ্রহ ১-৬) (Gadyasangraha 1-6) (2002) *25. अविश्वासेर वास्तव (অবিশ্বাসের বাস্তব) (Abishwase’r Bastab) (2003) *26. गद्यसंग्रह - ७ (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৭) (Gadyasangraha - 7) (2003) *27. सामान्य असामान्य (সামান্য অসামান্য) (Saman’yo Asaman’yo) (2006) *28. प्रेम पदावली (প্রেম পদাবলী) (Prem Padabali) (2006) *29. छेँड़ा कैम्बिसेर बैग (ছেঁড়া ক্যামবিসের ব্যাগ) (Chhera Kambiser Bag) (2007) *30. समयपटे शंख घोष : कविता संकलन (সময়পটে শঙ্খ ঘোষ : কবিতা সংকলন) (Somaypote Shankha Ghosh: Kobita Sonkolon) (2008) *31. भिन्न रुचिर अधिकार (ভিন্ন রুচির অধিকার) (Bhinna Rucir Adhikar) (2009) *32. आरोप आर उद्भावन (আরোপ আর উদ্ভাবন) (Aroop Ar Udbhavon) (2111) *33. बट पाकुड़ेर फेना (বট পাকুড়ের ফেনা) (Bot Pakur Er Phena) (2011) *34. गद्यसंग्रह - ८ (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৮) (Gadyasangraha - 8) (2013) *35. देखार दृष्टि (দেখার দৃষ্টি) (Dekhar Drishti) (2014) *36. आयवार डायरी (আয়ওয়ার ডায়েরি) (Ayowar Diary) (2014) *37. निर्वाचित प्रबंध : रवींद्रनाथ (নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ : রবীন্দ্রনাথ) (Nirbachito Prabandha: Rabindranath) (2014) *38. निर्वाचित प्रबंध : नाना प्रसंग (নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ : নানা প্রসঙ্গ) (Nirbachito Prabandha: Nana Prasanga) (2014) *39. निर्वाचित गद्यलेखा (নির্বাচিত গদ্যলেখা) (Nirbachito Gadyalekha) (2015) *40. गद्यसंग्रह - ९ (গদ্যসংগ্রহ - ৯) (Gadyasangraha - 9) (2015) *41. हे महाजीवन : रवींद्र प्रसंग (হে মহাজীবন : রবীন্দ্র প্রসঙ্গ) (He Mahajiban: Rabindra Prasanga) (2016) *42. बेड़ाते जाबार सिँड़ि (বেড়াতে যাবার সিঁড়ি) (Berate Jabar Sinri) (2016) *43. अल्प स्वल्प कथा (অল্প স্বল্প কথা) (Alpo Swalpo Katha) (2016) *44. निरहं शिल्पी (নিরহং শিল্পী) (Nirahang Shilpi) (2017) *45. गद्यसंग्रह - १० (গদ্যসংগ্রহ-১০) (Gadyasangraha-10) (2018) *46. लेखा जखुन हय ना (লেখা যখন হয় না) (Lekha Jakhan Hoy Na) (2019) *47. परम बंधु प्रद्युम्न (পরম বন্ধু প্রদ্যুমন) (Param Bandhu Pradyumna) (2019) *48. संध्या नदीर जले : बांग्लादेश संकलन (সন্ধ্যানদীর জলে :বাংলাদেশ সংকলন) (Sandhyandir Jole: Bangladesh *49. छेड़े रखेई धरे राखा (ছেড়ে রেখেই ধরে রাখা) (Chhere Rekhei Dhore Rakha) (2021) == पुरस्कार == * नरसिंह दास पुरस्कार (१९७७,मुर्खा बड़ो, समजिक नाय खातिन ) * साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (१९७७, बाबरेर प्रार्थना खातिन) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya: Akademi Awards |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref> * रवीन्द्र पुरस्कार (१९८९, धूम लेगेछे हृद कमले खातिन) <ref name="aa" /> * सरस्वती सम्मान अपने संकलन ''गंधर्ब कबितागुच्छ'' खातिन * ''रक्तकल्याण'' (१९९९) नामक तालेदण्ड (कन्नड़) नाटक के बंगाली मा अनुवाद खातिन साहित्य अकादमी का अनुवाद पुरस्कार <ref name=":0" /> * विश्व-भारती (1999) द्वारा देशिकोत्तम * डी. लिट विद्यासागर विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा (2010) * भारत सरकार द्वारा पद्मभूषण (२०११) * पत्रकारन अउर लेखकन के विश्व मंच (डब्ल्यूएफजेडब्ल्यू) द्वारा हॉल ऑफ फेम लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट "साहित्यब्रह्म" पुरस्कार (2015) * डी. लिट भारतीय इंजीनियरिंग विज्ञान अउर प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, शिबपुर, भारत (2015) द्वारा * भारत सरकार द्वारा ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार (2016) == संदर्भ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Shankha Ghosh at the Library of Congress {{Jnanpith Award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}{{Saraswati Samman}}{{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] tbns8fhgvywjm3vqf036ti2kwi1aghp 10 9974 35594 2026-07-09T10:47:43Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{High-use| 233,800 }} {{Warning|''Do '''NOT''' use this template when the person's exact date of death is disputed or unknown; consider {{tl|death year and age}} instead.''}} {{Template shortcut|dda}} {{mbox|text=[[Template:Disappeared date and age]] redirects here. Feel free to continue using the Template:Disappeare...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{High-use| 233,800 }} {{Warning|''Do '''NOT''' use this template when the person's exact date of death is disputed or unknown; consider {{tl|death year and age}} instead.''}} {{Template shortcut|dda}} {{mbox|text=[[Template:Disappeared date and age]] redirects here. Feel free to continue using the [[Template:Disappeared date and age]] redirect where it is not clear if the individual has died.}} {{Lua|Module:Age|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{tlb|Death date and age}} returns a person's date of death and age at that date. The year, month, and day of death are required, as is the birth year. The month and day of birth are optional. ==Syntax== ===To display the death date with age=== : {{tlc|death date and age|''year of death''|''month of death''|''day of death''|''year of birth''|''month of birth''|''day of birth''|''additional parameters''}} ; Formats: : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>death date and age|yyyy|mm|dd|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes}}</code> : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>death date and age|yyyy|mm|dd|yyyy|mm|dd|mf=yes}}</code> ===Examples when all parameters are known=== : <code><nowiki>{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns:&nbsp; {{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|df=yes}} : <code><nowiki>{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns:&nbsp; {{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|mf=yes}} ===Examples when only death-related parameters are known=== : <code><nowiki>{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns:&nbsp; {{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|df=yes}} : <code><nowiki>{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns:&nbsp; {{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|mf=yes}} When the exact birth date is unknown, the template will calculate the age at death and provide a range of two possible ages, if necessary. ''The template will generate an error when required parameters are left blank, or when parameters are invalid. Examples of invalid parameters include impossible human ages, months greater than 12 or less than 1, days greater than 31 or less than 1, and parameters in the wrong order.'' =="day first" (df) and "month first" options== The '''df''' (day first) parameter indicates the intended date format to display. It is switched on by setting it to "y" or "yes" e.g. '''df=yes''' or '''df=y'''. The default output of this template is the month before the day (American-based style). This default may not be appropriate in articles about people from parts of the world where the day precedes the month in a date (e.g. Europe). In such cases the parameter df should be set. It is possible to use similar parameter "mf" to stress the month-first format so that relying on the default does not lead an editor or [[WP:bots|bot]] to change the format to an unintended value; however, it is ignored by the template itself. (So, should both parameters be mistakenly used at once, df takes precedence.) Examples: : <code><nowiki>{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> displays&nbsp; "{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|df=yes}}" : <code><nowiki>{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> displays&nbsp; "{{death date and age|1993|2|24|1921|4|12|mf=yes}}" ==Alternate template when specific birth date is unknown== When only the year of a person's death is known, or if it is desired not to state a person's full dates of birth and death (e.g. for privacy), use the template {{tl|death year and age}} instead. See below for other templates that perform similar functions. ==FAQ== * Q: Why don't these templates add categories such as "Births in [Year]" to articles where they are used? : A: Because they are sometimes used for dates in lists of people (e.g. members of sports teams). ==Background== The idea of using the template, as with {{tl|birth date and age}} etc., is to allow for the inclusion of hidden [[metadata]] to be used, indexed or searched by software tools. However, as of October 2008 this template does not include any such metadata and never has since it was founded in December 2006. The apparent reason is that the [[hCard]] [[microformat]], logically enough for an extension of "standard for electronic business cards", contains only "BDAY" field but nothing to do with a death. It is unclear when metadata standard for the dead will be developed and adopted. Until then, the template does nothing but format the input parameters. Because the hCard specification requires the use of the Gregorian calendar, the template should not be used for dates stated in the Julian calendar. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <TemplateData> { "description": "This template returns a person's date of death and age at that date.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Year of death", "description": "The year in which the person died", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Month of death", "description": "The month (number) in which the person died", "type": "number", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "Day of death", "description": "The day (number) in which the person died", "type": "number", "required": true }, "4": { "label": "Year of birth", "description": "The year in which the person was born", "type": "number", "required": true }, "5": { "label": "Month of birth", "description": "The month (number) in which the person was born", "type": "number", "required": false }, "6": { "label": "Day of birth", "description": "The day (number) in which the person was born", "type": "number", "required": false }, "df": { "label": "Day first", "description": "When set to 'y' or 'yes', the date of death is output in a DMY format", "type": "line", "required": false, "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "mf": { "label": "Month first", "description": "When set to 'y' or 'yes', stresses that the default MDY date format is intended for the date of death", "type": "line", "required": false, "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] } } } </TemplateData> == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Pages using death date and age with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using age template with invalid date}} ==See also== * {{tl|Birth date text}} which accepts formats like "1 April 1990" or "April 1, 1990" * {{tl|Birth date and age}} or {{tl|Birth-date and age}} * {{tl|Death year and age}} * {{tl|Recent birth}} or {{tl|Recent death}} * {{tl|Death date and given age}}, helpful when death date and age is known, but not the exact birth date * {{tl|Missing for}}, for missing individuals. {{Birth, death and age templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Date mathematics templates]] [[Category:Templates generating microformat date and age]] }}</includeonly> ro7i782shamch1zvvxr6zs5my6r9k57 10 9975 35596 2026-07-09T10:49:56Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Tlg|bold=yes|subst={{{subst|}}}|{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|2{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|{{{2|x}}}||x}}={{{2}}}<!-- -->|3{{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|{{{3|x}}}||x}}={{{3}}}<!-- -->|4{{#ifeq:{{{4}}}|{{{4|x}}}||x}}={{{4}}}<!-- -->|5{{#ifeq:{{{5}}}|{{{5|x}}}||x}}={{{5}}}<!-- -->|6{{#ifeq:{{{6}}}|{{{6|x}}}||x}}={{{6}}}<!-- -->|7{{#ifeq:{{{7}}}|{{{7|x}}}||x}}={{{7}}}<!-- -->|8{{#ifeq:{{{8}}}|{{{8|x}}}||x}}={{{8}}}<!-- -->|9{{#ifeq:{{{9}}}|{{{9|x}}}||x}}={{...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tlg|bold=yes|subst={{{subst|}}}|{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|2{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|{{{2|x}}}||x}}={{{2}}}<!-- -->|3{{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|{{{3|x}}}||x}}={{{3}}}<!-- -->|4{{#ifeq:{{{4}}}|{{{4|x}}}||x}}={{{4}}}<!-- -->|5{{#ifeq:{{{5}}}|{{{5|x}}}||x}}={{{5}}}<!-- -->|6{{#ifeq:{{{6}}}|{{{6|x}}}||x}}={{{6}}}<!-- -->|7{{#ifeq:{{{7}}}|{{{7|x}}}||x}}={{{7}}}<!-- -->|8{{#ifeq:{{{8}}}|{{{8|x}}}||x}}={{{8}}}<!-- -->|9{{#ifeq:{{{9}}}|{{{9|x}}}||x}}={{{9}}}<!-- -->|10{{#ifeq:{{{10}}}|{{{10|x}}}||x}}={{{10}}}<!-- -->|11{{#ifeq:{{{11}}}|{{{11|x}}}||x}}={{{11}}}<!-- -->|12{{#ifeq:{{{12}}}|{{{12|x}}}||x}}={{{12}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> gm3otft11z39k88rcclt9chph90nut9 10 9976 35597 2026-07-09T10:50:20Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> == Usage == This template is a {{tlx|tl}}-style ''template-link'' tag that boldfaces the template name, and accepts parameters. It's the same as {{tlx|tlx}} except that it boldfaces the name of the template and uses Wikipedia's default font instead of a non-proptional, monospaced font, as used by the variant {...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> == Usage == This template is a {{tlx|tl}}-style ''template-link'' tag that boldfaces the template name, and accepts parameters. It's the same as {{tlx|tlx}} except that it boldfaces the name of the template and uses Wikipedia's default font instead of a non-proptional, monospaced font, as used by the variant {{tlx|tlxb}} (which is more commonly used because it has that {{tag|code|o}}-style monospaced look). Its main use is in highlighting to distinguish between multiple templates with similar names, on projectpages, in talk page discussions, and for nesting an example of a template-link call inside another template-link call that has already applied the {{tag|code}} markup. ===Examples=== {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result ! Remark |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlb|Template name}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlb|Template name}} | |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlb|Template name|parm1|parm2}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlb|Template name|parm1|parm2}} | |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlb|Template name|parm1|parm2{{=}}foo}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlb|Template name|parm1|parm2{{=}}foo}} | Equal signs need to be escaped using <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code>. |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlb}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlb}} | This actually substitutes the current page name. Useful as a self-reference; won't be linked. |} The rest of the documentation is for {{tl|tlx}}, which works the same way. ---- {{Tlx/doc}} <includeonly> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }} </includeonly> elyoligql72ao6ri85sncyiacmhyi88 828 9977 35599 2026-07-09T11:03:42Z Avimaarak 3578 '<!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | {{#invoke: Unicode_data/testcases | run_tests}} | {{high risk}} }} {{Lua|Module:TableTools}} == Usage == This module provides functions that access information on Unicode code points. The information is retrieved from data modules generated from...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35599 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | {{#invoke: Unicode_data/testcases | run_tests}} | {{high risk}} }} {{Lua|Module:TableTools}} == Usage == This module provides functions that access information on Unicode code points. The information is retrieved from data modules generated from the [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ Unicode Character Database], or derived by rules given in the [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/UnicodeStandard-11.0.pdf Unicode Specification]. It and its submodules were copied from English Wiktionary and then modified; see [[wikt:Module:Unicode data|there]] for more information. ==Parameters and functions== ===code point=== The code point is to be entered as '''hexadecimal value'''. For example, {{unichar|A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}}: :{{mono|1={{!}}A9_hex}} :{{mono|1={{!}}0xA9_hex}} :{{mono|1={{!}}0x00A9_hex}} :{{mono|1={{!}}0x00a9_hex}} :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|0x00A9}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|0x00A9}} Incorrect or unintended results: :{{mono|1=169_dec}}: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|169}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|169}} {{nay}} &mdash;"U+00A9" {{code|1=&copy;}} expected; but is read as {{mono|1=00A9_hex}}&nbsp;(that is,&nbsp;{{mono|1={{hex2dec|169}}_dec}} :{{mono|1=U+00A9}} <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|U+00A9}}</nowiki></code> {{nay}} &mdash;do not use "U+" prefix :{{mono|1=غ}} <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|غ}}</nowiki></code> {{nay}} &mdash;cannot enter a character as codepoint ==="{{mono|lookup}}" and "{{mono|1=is}}" functions=== ; {{code|lang=lua|lookup, is}}: Template-invokable functions that allow access to the functions starting with <code>lookup</code> and <code>is</code>.For most of the functions, add the code point in hexadecimal base as the next parameter. For <code>is{{!}}Latin</code>, <code>is{{!}}rtl</code>, and <code>is{{!}}valid_pagename</code>, add character string. [[HTML character references]] in the text are decoded by the module into code points. :For example, {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data|is|Latin|àzàhàr̃iyyā̀}} &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|is|Latin|àzàhàr̃iyyā̀}}. :Internally, in modules, these functions are named using underscore: {{code|lang=lua|lookup_name{{!}}code point}} &larr; {{code|lang=lua|lookup_name}} :For <code>&amp;A9;</code> <big>&#xA9;</big>: {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|A9}}&nbsp;&rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|A9}} ==Functions overview== * Code points: enter hexadecimal value, for example {{mxt|1={{!}}0x0061}} or {{mxt|1={{!}}61}}; not {{!mxt|1={{!}}U+0061}}. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; vertical-align:top;" |- ! Topic ! Function ! style="border-right:2px solid grey" | Parameter type<br/><small>(string=by character(s); c.p. by {{mono|0xHex}} value)</small> ! Example ! Returns ! Character <!-- LOOKUP - lookup{{!}} functions ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |- | Unicode character name | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}name}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0xA9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0x0007}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0xA9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0x0007}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#x0007;}} |- | [[Script (Unicode)|Scripts]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}script}} | code point | {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|script|A061}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|script|A061}} | {{ubl |1=&#xA061; |2=}} |- | [[Block (Unicode)|Blocks]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}block}} | code point | {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|block|A061}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|block|A061}} | {{ubl |1=&#xA061; |2=}} |- | [[Plane (Unicode)|Planes]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}plane}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0xA9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0x1F608}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0xA9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0x1F608}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#x1F608;}} |- | [[Unicode_character_property#General_Category|General Category]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}category}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0xA9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0x002B}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0xA9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0x002B}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#x002B;}} |- | Controls | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}control}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|A9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|FFFF}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|A9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|FFFF}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#xFFFF;}} |- style="border-bottom: 1.5px solid grey;" | [[Unihan]] properties | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}kCantonese}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|kCantonese|6e2f}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|kCantonese|6e2f}} }} | {{ubl |1={{lang|zh-HK|港}} }} <!-- ID - is{{!}} functions ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |- | [[Latin script]] |{{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}Latin}} | string | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abcŁíā̀}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abc文xyz}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abc}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abc文xyz}} }} | |- | [[Wikipedia:Article titles|WP:Article title]] <small>([[WP:NCTR]])</small> | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}valid_pagename}} | string | {{ubli |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|Main_page}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|#&nbsp;(disambiguation)}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|Main_page}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|# (disambiguation)}} }} | |- | [[Bidirectional text|Bidirectionality]], right-to-left&nbsp;scripts | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}rtl}} | string | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|ش}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|34}} }} | {{ubli |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|ش}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|&#x34;}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#x0634; |2=&#x34;}} |- | [[Combining character]] | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}combining}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|0300}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|64}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|0300}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|64}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#x0300; |2=&#x64;}} |- | Character assignation | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}assigned}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|A061}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|FFEF}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|A061}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|FFEF}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA061; |2=;}} |- | Printable<!-- control: assigned or space-separator --> | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}printable}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0061}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0007}} |3={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|FFFF}} }} | {{ubl |1=>{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0061}}< |2=>{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0007}}< |3=>{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|FFFF}}< }} | {{ubl |1=>&#x0061;< |2=>&#x0007;< |3=>&#xFFFF;< }} |- | {{slink|Whitespace_character|Unicode}} | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}whitespace}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x20}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0xA0}} |3={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x64}} }} | {{ubl |1=&gt;{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x20}}< |2=&gt;{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0xA0}}< NBSP |3=&gt;{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x64}}< }} | {{ubl |1=&gt;&#x20;< |2=&gt;&#xA0;< |3=&gt;&#x64;<}}<!-- UNKNOWN -- function application as yet unknown --> <!-- Hangul submodule used by <code>|lookup|name</code> to generate names of characters in the [[Hangul Syllables]] block --> |- | [[Unicode alias names and abbreviations|Alias names]] | {{code|1={{!}}aliases}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1=&#x; |2=&#x;}} |- | Combining class | {{code|1={{!}}}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1=&#x; |2=&#x;}} |- | Age | {{code|1={{!}}}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1= |2=}} |- | get_best_script | {{code|1={{!}}get_best_script}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1= |2=}} |} ==Data modules== The data used by functions in this module is found in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Unicode data/|submodules]]. Some are generated by [[AWK]] scripts shown at [[wikt:User:Kephir/Unicode|User:Kephir/Unicode]] on English Wiktionary, others by Lua scripts on the <code>/make</code> subpages of the submodules. * [[Module:Unicode data/age]]: 'Age' of a character, that is: version introduction number. * [[Module:Unicode data/aliases]]: the formal name aliases for characters (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NameAliases.txt NameAliases.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]: the list of Unicode blocks (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt Blocks.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/category]]: data mapping characters to their General Category (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedGeneralCategory.txt DerivedGeneralCategory.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/combining]]: data mapping characters to their Combining Classes (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedCombiningClass.txt DerivedCombiningClass.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/control]]: data for identifying characters that belong to the General Categories of Separator and Other (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedGeneralCategory.txt DerivedGeneralCategory.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/derived core properties]]: * [[Module:Unicode data/Hangul]]: data used to generate the names of [[Hangul]] syllables (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Jamo.txt Jamo.txt]) * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Unicode data/Unihan/kCantonese|Module:Unicode data/Unihan/kCantonese/<nowiki>*</nowiki>]]: kCantonese pronunciation property * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Unicode data/names|Module:Unicode data/names/<nowiki>*</nowiki>]] ({{mono|000hh, .., 0E0hh}}; e.g. [[:Module:Unicode data/names/000|../names/000]]): names * [[Module:Unicode data/scripts]]: data mapping characters to their Unicode script properties (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt Scripts.txt]). The name data modules ([[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Unicode data/names/|Module:Unicode data/names/<var>xxx</var>]]) were compiled from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt UnicodeData.txt]. Each one contains, at maximum, code points U+xxx000 to U+xxxFFF. {{#invoke:Unicode data/documentation functions|show_modules}} ==Copyright== The Unicode database is released by Unicode Inc. under the following terms: <blockquote> Copyright © 1991-2018 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. Distributed under the Terms of Use in https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Unicode data files and any associated documentation (the "Data Files") or Unicode software and any associated documentation (the "Software") to deal in the Data Files or Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Data Files or Software, and to permit persons to whom the Data Files or Software are furnished to do so, provided that either (a) this copyright and permission notice appear with all copies of the Data Files or Software, or (b) this copyright and permission notice appear in associated Documentation. THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE DATA FILES OR SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder. </blockquote> ==Known issues== * Reading data like <code>[[:Module:Unicode data/aliases]]</code> not provided nor documented * Test fail: <code>lookup_category</code> {{mono|U+FFFF}} (&lt;noncharacter-FFFF>) expected: Cn. ::<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|category|0xFFFF}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|category|0xFFFF}} [Nil] ==See also== * '''Named entities''': for example, {{unichar|22C1|N-ARY LOGICAL OR}}: <code><nowiki>{{#</nowiki>invoke:[[:Module:LoadData|LoadData]]|[[:Module:Numcr2namecr|Numcr2namecr]]|0x22C1}}</code> &rarr; {{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Unicode character modules|Data]] [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> dzp2pzlqri7iiondq91ro6bo1yxlvpf 10 9978 35600 2026-07-09T11:05:27Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{unichar/main | hval ={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }} | hvalinput ={{{1|}}}<!--to use in errormessage--> | na = {{#if:{{{alias|}}} | {{#invoke:Unicode alias|alias|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} | ulink ={{{ulink|<#salted#>}}} | nlink ={{{nlink|<#salted#>}}} | image ={{{image|}}} | cwith ={{#if:{{{cwith|}}} | {{{cwith...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35600 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{unichar/main | hval ={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }} | hvalinput ={{{1|}}}<!--to use in errormessage--> | na = {{#if:{{{alias|}}} | {{#invoke:Unicode alias|alias|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} | ulink ={{{ulink|<#salted#>}}} | nlink ={{{nlink|<#salted#>}}} | image ={{{image|}}} | cwith ={{#if:{{{cwith|}}} | {{{cwith}}} | {{#if:{{{cwith}}} || ◌ }} }} | suffix={{{suffix|}}} | size ={{#if:{{{image|}}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:String|endswith|1={{lc:{{{size|}}}}}|2=px}}|{{{size}}}|10px}} | {{{size|{{#if:{{{cwith}}}|125%|150%}}}}} }} | use ={{lc:{{{use|unicode}}}}} | use2 ={{{use2|}}} | dval ={{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }}|no}} | html ={{#ifeq:{{{html|+}}}|{{{html|-}}}|yes|no}} | note ={{{note|}}} | gc ={{unichar/gc|{{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|0}}}}}|no}}|hval={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }} }} | name ={{{name|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=[[Category: Pages using Unichar with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Unichar]] unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |showblankpositional=1 |1 |hval |2 |alias |name |na |ulink |image |cwith |suffix |size |use |use2 |nlink |html |gc |note }}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 99hb6ahxupoga9yboqt38hykoze9sfu 10 9979 35601 2026-07-09T11:06:05Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Numcr2namecr|Module:Unicode alias|Module:Unicode data|Module:Check for unknown parameters|noprotcat=yes}} {{Template redirect|Unicode character|Codepoint}} This template produces a formatted description of the [[Unicode]] character for a given [[codepoint]], to be used inline or otherwise with regular text. * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>The character {{unichar|a9}} i...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Numcr2namecr|Module:Unicode alias|Module:Unicode data|Module:Check for unknown parameters|noprotcat=yes}} {{Template redirect|Unicode character|Codepoint}} This template produces a formatted description of the [[Unicode]] character for a given [[codepoint]], to be used inline or otherwise with regular text. * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>The character {{unichar|a9}} is about intellectual property.</syntaxhighlight> → *: The character {{unichar|a9}} is about intellectual property. (To provide the equivalent output for a given character, use {{tl|unichar2}}: this will also return its codepoint value.) ==Usage== The <nowiki>{{unichar}}</nowiki> template takes the Unicode hexadecimal [[code point]] value as input. Thus, for example, <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9}}. This template produces a ''formatted description'' of the Unicode [[code point]] for a character, to be used ''in-line'' with regular text. It follows the standard Unicode presentation of a character, using the "U+" prefix for displaying the hex code point, followed by a [[representative glyph]], then optionally by the character name, using Unicode's [[small caps]] formatting recommendation. The hexadecimal value is required (e.g. 00A9), other input is optional. Provided that the reader's system has a default [[computer font|font]] that contains the character, a representative glyph is rendered using it. (If not, then the system font's {{mono|[[.notdef]]}} symbol will be used. To show a relevant glyph, the font character can be overridden with an image.). If a more specific glyph is preferred, e.g. to language- or [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]-specific fonts, this can be specified. A wikilink can be created to an article about the character, or about the set of characters of that type, and optionally another to the article about [[Unicode]] itself. It is also possible to add a custom note. Some special code points are given extra care, like control and space characters. These are handled automatically (by the <code>[[Template:unichar/gc|unichar/gc]]</code> sub-template) without user intervention. ===Examples=== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|00A9}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|00A9}} <!-- * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|00A9|name=none}}</syntaxhighlight> {{unichar|00A9|name=none}} --> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|00A9|nlink=}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|00A9|nlink=}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|00A9|nlink=|note={{crossref|See also [[Copyleft]] symbol}}}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|00A9|nlink=|note={{crossref|See also [[Copyleft]] symbol}}}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|00A9|nlink=|html=}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|00A9|nlink=|html=}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|030D|cwith=◌}}</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|030D|cwith=&#x25CC;}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|030D|cwith=&#x25CC;}} ** [[combining character|combined with]] a [[dotted circle]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|4E95|note={{zh|p=jǐng|labels=no}}}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|4E95|note={{zh|p=jǐng|labels=no}}}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|0}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|0}} ** control characters are handled specially * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{unichar|0|ulink=C0 control characters|note=[[Null character|NULL]]}}</syntaxhighlight> {{paragraph break}} {{unichar|0|ulink=C0 control characters|note=[[Null character|NULL]]}} ** control characters don't have a canonical name ===Parameters=== The blank template, with all parameters, is as follows: <syntaxhighlight lang=xml> {{unichar | ulink = | image = | cwith = | suffix = | size = | use = | use2 = | nlink = | html = | note = | name = | alias = }} </syntaxhighlight> Inline version: <syntaxhighlight lang=xml> {{unichar| <!--hex value-->|ulink= |image= |cwith= |suffix= |size= |use= |use2= |nlink= |html= |note= }} </syntaxhighlight> * '''First unnamed parameter''' or {{para|1}} {{smallcaps2|(Required)}} The hexadecimal value of the code point, e.g. {{param value|00A9}}. Prefixing with {{param value|0x}} or {{param value|U+}} is allowed. *:''Notes'': The parameter accepts input like {{param value|A9}}, {{param value|a9}} and {{param value|00A9}} as hexadecimal value. {{warning sign}} Decimal values are not detected as being decimal, and will give unexpected results {{crossref|(see also {{section link||Possible errors}}, below)}}. * {{dc2|'''Second unnamed parameter'''}} {{dc|(The Unicode Consortium's canonical name is fetched from [[Wikimedia Commons]], there is no longer any need to specify it manually. If supplied, it is ignored. <!-- If is appropriate not to show the name, use {{code 1= |name=none}} -->)}} * '''nlink=<name>''' Optional hyperlink to the target article. Name of the Wikipedia page that will be linked to. If used, the Unicode name has a wikilink to the article. :* <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|nlink=}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|00A9|nlink=}} :* <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|nlink=Copyright symbol}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|00A9|Copyright sign|nlink=Copyright symbol}} :''Notes'': ::* The form {{code|1=nlink=}} (without any detail) is the most common way to use this option, to link to the article about the symbol using its canonical name. :::* When used without a name (i.e., {{para|nlink}}, blank with no value), the link points to the article about the character itself except when that causes a problem with [[WP:NCTR|technical restrictions on naming]], in which case the name of the character is used or an error is produced if no such name exists (see {{slink||Presentation effects}}). ::* The name of the page is case-sensitive as with all Wikipedia pages. ::* It is possible to give a Wiktionary page here, using the syntax {{code|1= nlink=wikt:<target article>}}, which may be appropriate if there is no suitable Wikipedia article. For example: :::* <code><nowiki>{{unichar|204A|nlink=wikt:⁊}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|204A|Tironian sign et|nlink=wikt:⁊}} ::* Use of this parameter to link to any article other than the one at the canonical name (even if that is a redirect) is potentially an [[WP:EGG|intuitive linking]] violation, so such use is exceptional and must have a clear justification. ['Copyright sign' and 'copyright symbol' are used here for illustration only and {{code|nlink}} would not normally be used in this case.] * '''cwith=''' Optional. The only valid content is ◌ or (or its HTML code, &amp;#x25CC;). It may also be used without any content (i.e., {{para|cwith}}, blank with no value). This parameter is useful when the Unicode character is {{em|combining}} (such as a [[combining diacritic]]). Using {{para|cwith|◌}}, the character will be combined with the placeholder symbol, {{unichar|25CC|html=|nlink=dotted circle}}. *: without a {{para|cwith}}: *::<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485}} *: {{para|cwith}} with dotted circle: *::<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|cwith=◌}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|cwith=◌}} ''or'' *::<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|cwith=&amp;#x25CC;}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|cwith=&#x25CC;}} *: {{para|cwith}} without an argument: *::<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|cwith=}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|cwith=}} ** Note that {{code|1=cwith=◌◌}} alone does not provide the desired result if the intention is to display a diacritic that spans two characters (such as those in the range U+035C to U+0362): the diacritic will be offset. In such cases, editors must use {{code|1=cwith=◌}} together with {{code|1=suffix=◌}} to place two dotted circles{{snd}} one on either side of the codepoint for the combining diacritic. **:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|035F|cwith=◌|suffix=◌}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|035F|cwith=◌|suffix=◌}} **Use of any other character except dotted circle as input to {{para|cwith}} is deprecated; this restriction is not currently enforced but if any other character is used, the output (grapheme and description) is at best misleading. **For scripts other than Latin, use of the parameters {{code|1= use=lang}} and {{code|1= use2= }} may additionally be needed for better rendering. * '''suffix=''' Optional. Its contents directly follow the character. The only supported uses of this parameter are for diacritics that span two characters (see {{para|cwith}} above) and for appending [[variation selector]]s to certain characters. *:For example, using {{unichar|FE0E|nlink=}} which forces emoji to display as text, one can have: *:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|01F604|suffix=&amp;#xFE0E;|note=with {{unichar|FE0E}}}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|01F604 |suffix=&#xFE0E;|note=with {{unichar|FE0E}}}} *::Since variation selectors change the appearance of the character, their presence should always be mentioned in a {{para|note}} or in prose. * '''html=''' Optional. If a ''[[named character reference]]'' exists, like <samp>"&amp;nbsp;"</samp>, it is displayed after the character name. Otherwise nothing happens. In particular, [[numeric character references]] like <samp>&amp;#160;</samp> are never displayed. Only the existence of an {{para|html}} parameter is checked, everything after the equal sign is ignored so you can leave it blank. ** <nowiki>{{unichar|160|html=}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{unichar|160|html=}} * '''note=''' Optional. Adds a comment such as a clarification or explanatory note. For example, as the canonical names of ideographs are not generally helpful, the {{code|1= note=}} option permits an added comment such as {{unichar|4E95|note={{zh|p=jǐng|labels=no}}}} * '''ulink=''' Optional. Creates a wikilink from the <samp>U+</samp> prefix. When used without a name (i.e., {{para|ulink}}, blank with no value), the article [[Unicode]] is used as the default value in the output: <samp><nowiki>[[Unicode|U+]]</nowiki></samp> producing [[Unicode|U+]]. This only needs to change if you have a reason to link elsewhere than [[Unicode]], e.g. to an article on a subset of Unicode characters. *'''use=''' Optional. Sets the font-hinting template to get the glyph, since the character may not be present in a regular browser font. By default no template is used; the available options are {{tlx|IPA}}, {{tlx|lang}} and {{tlx|script}}. *'''use2=''' Optional. When setting {{para|use|lang}} or {{para|use|script}}, {{para|use2}} should be used to set the language (e.g. {{para|use2|fr}}) or the script (e.g. {{para|use2|Cyrs}}). A glyph may still not show as expected due to browser effects. For a detailed description, see each template's documentation. *: <code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|cwith=◌|use=script|use2=Cyrs}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|cwith=◌|use=script|use2=Cyrs}} *: <code><nowiki>{{unichar|3099|cwith=◌|use=lang|use2=ja}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|3099|cwith=◌|use=lang|use2=ja}} (If use+use2 are not used, the [[Japanese script|Japanese]] diacritic [[dakuten]] is not shown properly by some browsers.) * '''image=''' Optional. Allows for a graphic image file to represent the glyph; overrides the font completely. The filename should include the extension (like <samp>.svg</samp> or <samp>.png</samp>), but {{em|not}} the prefix <samp>File:</samp>. **Depending on the image used, <code>[[Help:Extended_image_syntax#Class|class=skin-invert]]</code> might be needed so the image displays correctly in [[WP:dark mode|dark mode]]. Compare: **: <code><nowiki>{{unichar|20B9|image=Indian Rupee symbol.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|20B9|image=Indian Rupee symbol.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert}} **:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|20B9|image=Indian Rupee symbol.svg}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|20B9|image=Indian Rupee symbol.svg}} ** This option is rarely needed: it is intended for use with characters that have been given a codepoint but have yet to be included in mainstream system fonts. It is good practice to add a (hidden) comment to explain why its use has been needed, as in time that will cease to be the case. It is no longer appropriate to use it with the Indian Rupee sign, for example. * '''size=''' Optional. Can be used to set the size ''of the glyph''. The default value is <samp>125%</samp>. For the font, all CSS font-size style inputs are accepted: <kbd>7px</kbd>, <kbd>150%</kbd>, <kbd>2em</kbd>, <kbd>larger</kbd>. ** For example, <code><nowiki>{{unichar|0041|size=2em}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0041|size=2em}} ** When using an ''image'' (file) instead of a font, this size can only accept sizes in <samp>px</samp> like <kbd>12px</kbd>. Default for images is <samp>10px</samp>. * '''name='''. Optional; if used, the only permitted content is ''none''. This parameter is provided for the rare cases where only the code-point and the corresponding character are wanted. **For example, <nowiki>{{unichar|a9|name=none}}</nowiki> produces {{unichar|a9|name=none}}. * '''alias='''. Optional; if used, the only permitted content is ''yes''. The purpose of this parameter is to handle the very rare cases where the Unicode Consortium has identified that a name is seriously defective and misleading, or has a serious typographical error, and has defined a formal alias that applications are encouraged to use in place of the official character name. (See [[Unicode#Alias]] for details.) ** For example, U+A015 {{sc2|YI SYLLABLE WU}} has the formal alias {{sc2|YI SYLLABLE ITERATION MARK}}. Thus, rather than <nowiki>{{unichar|A015}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{unichar|A015}}, the style <nowiki>{{unichar|A015|alias=yes}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{unichar|A015|alias=yes}} is preferred in most contexts. ===Presentation effects=== Since this template is aimed at presenting a ''formatted, inline description'', some effects are introduced to sustain this target. * '''Showing space characters''': All space characters (those with [[Unicode_character_property#General_Category|General Category]]: Zs) are presented with a light-blue background, to show their actual presence and width: <code>{{unichar|00A0|No-break space|nlink=NBSP}}</code>. *:Incidentally, the regular space {{background color|#CEEEF2|&nbsp;}} is replaced with <code>&amp;#00A0;</code> (NBSP) to prevent wiki-markup deleting it as repeated spaces. * '''Removing formatting characters''': Formatting characters (those with [[Unicode_character_property#General_Category|General Category]]: Cf, Zl and Zp) are removed from the output. By definition, formatting characters have no glyph. By removing them they cannot have a formatting effect. *:Exception: five Arabic Cf/formatting number markings U+0600..U+0603 and U+60DD, are shown. While Cf formatting characters usually have no glyph, these five have. By internally adding "(visible)" to the category, these characters are shown. *'''Removing whitespace''': The template removes formatting code and surrounding whitespace from the input. A &lt;Return&gt; in the Name-input (possibly unintended) would frustrate the in-line behaviour expectation. * '''Showing a label like &lt;control-0007&gt;''': Unicode states that a code point has ''[[Unicode character property#General Category|no name]]'' when it is one of these: a control character, a private use character, a surrogate, a not assigned code point (reserved), or a non-character. These code points instead should be referred to by using a "Code Point Label", such as &lt;private-use&gt; or &lt;private-use-E000>. In this situation, this template ''replaces'' the glyph with that label. This way, the correct presentation wins it over Unicode-usage to the letter of the law. {{bulleted list |"Control" general category{{=}}Cc: <code>&lt;control&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;control-''0007''&gt;</code> |"Surrogate" general category{{=}}Cs: <code>&lt;surrogate&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;surrogate-''D800''&gt;</code> |"Private Use": general category{{=}}Co: <code>&lt;private-use&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;private-use-''E000''&gt;</code> |"Not a character" (minus the reserved code points, see below): general category{{=}}Cn: <code>&lt;not-a-character&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;non-character&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;not-a-character-''FFFE''&gt;</code>}} {{paragraph break }} The second parameter (Unicode name) is not presented, since it cannot exist. It is possible to create a link to an article. {{paragraph break }} ''Note'': A &lt;reserved> (unassigned) code point cannot be detected yet, and so is not presented with this label. These code points too are given Cn category. *:(Background on <>-labels: A Name can never have <>-brackets at all. These rules prevent mixing up a name with an actual control-character. So it will not happen that a [[Bell character|bell]] rings when a page is opened that contains a Name of U+0007). ==Possible errors== * The template produces an {{error|Error-message|tag=span}} when {{para|1}} (or first unnamed parameter), the hex value, is missing, empty, or invalid. <!-- This line is history now, I believe but best not delete it just yet * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|2019|nlink=}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|2019|nlink=}} – the wikilink target "[[RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK]]" is not an existing article, even though "[[Right single quotation mark]]" is. --> * A non-hexadecimal input like {{!mxt|00G9}} produces an error (because {{!mxt|G}} or {{!mxt|g}} is not hexadecimal). * The glyph may be overruled and changed into a {{em|label}} like <samp>&lt;control-0007&gt;</samp>. These characters have no Unicode name. An {{code|nlink}} will be directly to the article (entered in a form like {{para|nlink|Bell signal}}). A blank value of just {{para|nlink}} cannot work for <samp>&lt;{{var|label}}-{{var|hhhh}}&gt;</samp> characters (there is no character name at all to make into a link). This produces an error. * A decimal-value input like {{para|1|98}} will be read as being hexadecimal value <samp>0098</samp>. There is {{em|no way}} that the template can detect you intended to enter <kbd>98₁₀=62₁₆</kbd>. No warning is issued, and the wrong character, <samp>U+0098₁₆</samp>, will be shown ({{em|not}} <samp>U+0062</samp>). * The {{code |1= alias=}} cannot be used to create an unofficial alias. * If {{code |1= alias=yes}} is used but the code point does not have an official alias, no name whatever will be displayed. * The text provided in {{code |1=nlink=}} should be the normal name of an article. Do not type it in all caps as a red link will result. ==Tracking== * {{clc|Category:Pages using Unichar with unknown parameters}} ==Technical notes== The string "unichar" is used only in English Wikipedia, as a name for this template. It has no meaning outside this context.<br/> The template uses these subtemplates: * {{tl|unichar/main}} Accepts all the input from {{tlx|unichar}}. Calls several subtemplates to produce the textstrings, and then strings them together. Also checks for the error non-hex input. * {{tl|unichar/ulink}} Creates a piped link for the <samp>U+</samp> prefix. * {{tl|unichar/gc}} Determines the Unicode general category, when this category is special (like, for control characters). * {{tl|unichar/glyph}} For rendering the glyph by font. Accepts {{para|image}}, which overrides the font. Also processes {{para|use}}, {{para|use2}}, {{para|size}}, {{para|cwith}}. * {{tl|unichar/name}} Produces the formatted name of the character in {{Smallcaps|smallcaps}}. Accepts the {{para|nlink}} to create a piped wikilink to an article. When the [[Unicode character property#General Category|general category]] (gc) is special, the name will change into a <samp>&lt;{{var|label}}-{{var|hhhh}}&gt;</samp>. * {{tl|unichar/notes}} Shows notes in parentheses (round brackets): <samp>HTML</samp> (from {{para|html}} named entity like <samp>&amp;nbsp;</samp> if that exists, using {{mlx|LoadData|Numcr2namecr}}); and the free-text {{para|note}}. * Using the main template as an easy-input feature, there are few calculations done (actually only two hex2dec), and allows for adding default values not too deep in the templates. * The value <code>&lt;#salted#&gt;</code> is used internally to pass through a non-defined input parameter. This value is correct when about the Unicode name, because it cannot have the characters <##>, and so [[Salting the earth|salted]] is the right word (meaning uninhabitable). For ease of code maintenance, it is used in various places in the code. * Named entities for {{unichar|22C1|N-ARY LOGICAL OR}}: {{mlx|LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}} &rarr; {{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}} ====Issues==== * Unassigned code points, to be labelled &lt;reserved&gt;, cannot be detected. * When using {{para|use-script}}, then {{para|use2}} needs lowercase (e.g. 0485, Cyrs or cyrs){{clarify|date=December 2017|reason=This makes no sense. Numerals have no case, and "Cyrs" is not lowercase but mixed-case.}} * When using for one of the RTL formatting marks, its effect may break out of the template (text following the template goes RTL, too). As it is now, this requires extra code. ==Code charts== {| class="wikitable" style="" |- ! colspan=4 | Key to the Unicode Code Charts (Ch 24)[https://www.unicode.org/charts/About.html] |- !Symbol !Meaning !Examples |- |※ || Character name alias || ※ LATIN SMALL LETTER GHA |- |<nowiki>=</nowiki> || Informative alias(es) || = barred o, o bar |- | <nowiki>•</nowiki> || Informative note || {{ubl |1=• lowercase is 0275 ɵ |2=• Portuguese, Estonian |3=• this is a spacing character }} |- |→ || Cross-reference || → 0283 ʃ latin small letter esh |- |≡ || Canonical decomposition mapping || ≡ 0075 u 031B ◌̛ |- |≈ || Compatibility decomposition mapping || ≈ 006E n 006A j |- |~ || Standardized variation sequence || ~ 2205 FE00 zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form |} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} {{cot|Template data|bg=lightgrey}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Hex value", "description": "Hexadecimal unicode codepoint", "example": "031A", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Character name", "description": "The canonical name is fetched from Wikimedia Commons, there is no longer any need to specify it manually. If supplied, it is ignored.", "example": "COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE", "type": "string", "deprecated": true }, "ulink": { "example": "Phonetic symbols in Unicode", "type": "line", "description": "Add link to the Unicode HEX code point" }, "image": {}, "cwith": { "type": "string", "description": "(for combing characters only) add the following character before this combining character:", "example": "◌", "suggestedvalues": [ "◌" ] }, "size": { "description": "Relative size of rendered character", "example": "200%", "type": "string" }, "use": { "type": "string" }, "use2": { "type": "string" }, "nlink": { "type": "string", "description": "Add link to the Unicode character name" }, "note": { "type": "line" }, "html": { "label": "HTML code", "description": "When present, shows HTML named entity", "example": "html= shows \"&copy;\"", "type": "string" }, "alias": { "suggestedvalues": [ "yes" ] }, "name": { "suggestedvalues": [ "none" ], "description": "Hide the name of the character" }, "suffix": {} }, "description": "Formats a Unicode character description inline.", "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "ulink", "nlink", "cwith", "size", "image", "use", "use2", "html", "note", "alias", "name", "suffix" ] } </templatedata> {{cob}} ==See also== * [[: Template:unichar2]]: given the character, it provides the codepoint. For example, <nowiki>{{unichar2|√}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{unichar2|√}}. * This template uses: [[:Module:Numcr2namecr]] – "[[List of XML and HTML character entity references|named character reference]]". Returns the named entity for decimal-to-mnemonic: :::{{mono|1=U+00A9}} &rarr; {{mono|1=169_dec}} &rarr; {{mono|&amp;copy;}} <small>(as literal code, not the character)</small> * {{Tl|Emoji}} ===External research links=== Useful links for researching Unicode characters: * [https://unicode.org/charts/ Unicode.org] charts in PDF format, showing the U+ hex values. * Unicode Consortium 's character properties overview, e.g comma U+002C: [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=002C] <includeonly>{{sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Unichar|[[Category:Unicode character templates]]}} }}</includeonly> {{Unicode templates}} bcjjzx4x3hun97eiwzq42cx35w6201p 10 9980 35602 2026-07-09T11:08:36Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nolink=yes|code=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tnull}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35602 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nolink=yes|code=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tnull}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 3wh5704zk7xm5kpqgoz7ybfwwx3479n 10 9981 35603 2026-07-09T11:09:11Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link expanded|{{used in system}}| {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} This template, often abbreviated as {{tlf|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link genera...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link expanded|{{used in system}}| {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} This template, often abbreviated as {{tlf|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link general = tlg | tlb | template link with bold = tlb | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlw ||template link with linked braces = tlw | tlf | template link with link off = tlf | tltss | template link with title span, subst = tltss | tlx | template link expanded = tlx | tlxb | template link expanded with bold = tlxb | tlxi | template link expanded with italic = tlxi | tlxs | template link expanded with subst = tlxs | tls | template link with subst = tls | tnull | template link null = tnull | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlp | template link with parameters = tlp}} }}, is used to provide stylized formatting to template displays without actually using the template itself. ===Parameters=== With the exception of {{mono|alttext}}, the named parameters are toggles that are either omitted (default in most cases) or activated (by being assigned a value such as "on", "yes", "true", "include", etc.). They may be included in any order ([[#Examples|see Examples below]]). Certain templates have the parameter "on" by default; see [[#General-purpose formatting|the main table]] for all alternate options. {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter || Action || Use with<br>{{t|example}} || Default active |- | brace || Include braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|brace=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlw}}/{{tl|tn}} |- | braceinside || Include innermost braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|example|braceinside=yes}} || |- | bold || Renders the template link/name in '''bold''' || {{tlg|bold=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlb}}, {{tl|tlxb}} |- | code || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#code|{{tag|code}}]] tags ([[monospaced font]]) || {{tlg|code=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlc}}, {{tl|Template link expanded}}, etc. |- | italic || Display any parameters accompanying the template link/name in ''italics'' ||| {{tlg|italic=yes|example|param}} || {{tl|tlxi}} |- | kbd || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#kbd|{{tag|kbd}}]] tags (monospaced font) || {{tlg|kbd=yes|example}} || |- | nolink || Don't render the template name as a link || {{tlg|nolink=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlf}}, {{t|tlc}}, {{t|tnull}} |- | nowrap || Prevent the insertion of line breaks ([[word wrap]]) in the output || {{tlg|nowrap=yes|example}} || |- | nowrapname || Prevent word wrapping in the output of template name/link (parameters will wrap if needed) || {{tlg|nowrapname=yes|example}} || |- | plaincode || Uses {{tag|code|params=style="border:none; background:transparent;"}} || {{tlg|plaincode=yes|example}} || {{tl|tltss}} |- | subst || Include a [[Help:Substitution|subst:]] prefix before the template link/name || {{tlg|subst=yes|example}} || {{tl|tls}}, {{tl|tlxs}}, etc |- | {{para|alttext|[text]}} || Use [text] as the label for the template link || {{tlg|alttext=Other|example}} || {{tl|tla}} |} ====Unnamed (Positional)==== This template can take any number of [[unnamed parameter]]s as parameters accompanying the template link (or name); see Examples below. ===Examples=== {{#switch:{{SITENAME}} |Wikipedia|Meta= | ; Note: On the source sister projects, en.wikipedia and Meta, '''X0, X1, X2, …, X9 are sandbox templates''' for experimentation on involved templates that need be in template space. An auto-cleansing software facility exists that might be used to duplicate the facility on other Sister projects. }} {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |style=background-color:transparent;<!-- to see background of <code>...</code> --> | '''Code''' | '''Output''' | '''Remarks''' | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{error|Banner}} template does not exist. Be aware with linking to non-existing templates, although desired. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | ok template does exist | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us</nowiki>}} | Unlimited parameters as one {{tag|nowiki|link=yes}} [[Help:Wikitext#Nowiki|string]] | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | template names are case-sensitive | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | first letter is case-insensitive though | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''{{{1}}}'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|{{spaces}}{{{1}}}{{spaces}}}}| Using {{tl|spaces}} before and after <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki> parameter. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code=on}} | &lt;code&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode=on}} | plaincode style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd=on}} | &lt;kbd&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on}} | bold link/name | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic=on}} | parameter/s in italics | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace=on}} | all braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside=on}} | inside braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext{{=}}x0 link}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext=x0 link}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on|code=on|brace=on}} | No reason you can't combine multiple parameter settings | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold=on|code=on|one|two}} | Can combine named and anonymous parameters … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold=on|code=on}} | … in any order … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three}} | … even intermixed … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three|italic=on}} | … with many different configurations. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}}} | {{{1|tlg}}} | with no arguments, the current page name is substituted | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x=u}} | '''{{=}}''' won't work | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&amp;#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{align|right|<code>&amp;#61;</code> is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x{{=}}u}} | {{align|right|<code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> is okay (see [[:template:=|template equal sign]])}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&lt;nowiki&gt;&#61;&lt;/nowiki&gt;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>=</nowiki>u}} | {{align|right|sticky nowiki is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki />|two|<nowiki />|<nowiki />}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2||two||}} | empty parameters work too, even at the end | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki>3=two</nowiki>|<nowiki>2=one</nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|3=two|2=one}} | {{align|right|right to left okay}} }} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (default) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrap=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrapname=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> rsnisjrmrrn1ywysg7hkvienmh8zozk 828 9982 35604 2026-07-09T11:17:02Z Avimaarak 3578 '--[=[ -- Official Unicode script values for individual codepoints and ranges of -- codepoints. -- https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt provided -- the script names, and https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropertyValueAliases.txt -- provided script codes corresponding to the names (see [[Script (Unicode)]]). --]=] local data = { singles = { [0x000AA] = "Latn", [0x000BA] = "Latn", [0x000D7] =...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35604 Scribunto text/plain --[=[ -- Official Unicode script values for individual codepoints and ranges of -- codepoints. -- https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt provided -- the script names, and https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropertyValueAliases.txt -- provided script codes corresponding to the names (see [[Script (Unicode)]]). --]=] local data = { singles = { [0x000AA] = "Latn", [0x000BA] = "Latn", [0x000D7] = "Zyyy", [0x000F7] = "Zyyy", [0x00374] = "Zyyy", [0x0037E] = "Zyyy", [0x0037F] = "Grek", [0x00384] = "Grek", [0x00385] = "Zyyy", [0x00386] = "Grek", [0x00387] = "Zyyy", [0x0038C] = "Grek", [0x00605] = "Zyyy", [0x0060C] = "Zyyy", [0x0061B] = "Zyyy", [0x0061F] = "Zyyy", [0x00640] = "Zyyy", [0x00670] = "Zinh", [0x006DD] = "Zyyy", [0x0085E] = "Mand", [0x008E2] = "Zyyy", [0x009B2] = "Beng", [0x009D7] = "Beng", [0x00A3C] = "Guru", [0x00A51] = "Guru", [0x00A5E] = "Guru", [0x00AD0] = "Gujr", [0x00B9C] = "Taml", [0x00BD0] = "Taml", [0x00BD7] = "Taml", [0x00DBD] = "Sinh", [0x00DCA] = "Sinh", [0x00DD6] = "Sinh", [0x00E3F] = "Zyyy", [0x00E84] = "Laoo", [0x00EA5] = "Laoo", [0x00EC6] = "Laoo", [0x010C7] = "Geor", [0x010CD] = "Geor", [0x010FB] = "Zyyy", [0x01258] = "Ethi", [0x012C0] = "Ethi", [0x0171F] = "Tglg", [0x01804] = "Mong", [0x01805] = "Zyyy", [0x01940] = "Limb", [0x01CD3] = "Zyyy", [0x01CE1] = "Zyyy", [0x01CED] = "Zinh", [0x01CF4] = "Zinh", [0x01CFA] = "Zyyy", [0x01D2B] = "Cyrl", [0x01D78] = "Cyrl", [0x01DBF] = "Grek", [0x01F59] = "Grek", [0x01F5B] = "Grek", [0x01F5D] = "Grek", [0x02071] = "Latn", [0x0207F] = "Latn", [0x02126] = "Grek", [0x02132] = "Latn", [0x0214E] = "Latn", [0x02D27] = "Geor", [0x02D2D] = "Geor", [0x02D7F] = "Tfng", [0x03005] = "Hani", [0x03006] = "Zyyy", [0x03007] = "Hani", [0x030A0] = "Zyyy", [0x031EF] = "Zyyy", [0x032FF] = "Zyyy", [0x0A92E] = "Zyyy", [0x0A92F] = "Kali", [0x0A95F] = "Rjng", [0x0A9CF] = "Zyyy", [0x0AB5B] = "Zyyy", [0x0AB65] = "Grek", [0x0FB3E] = "Hebr", [0x0FEFF] = "Zyyy", [0x0FF70] = "Zyyy", [0x101A0] = "Grek", [0x101FD] = "Zinh", [0x102E0] = "Zinh", [0x1039F] = "Ugar", [0x1056F] = "Aghb", [0x10808] = "Cprt", [0x1083C] = "Cprt", [0x1083F] = "Cprt", [0x1091F] = "Phnx", [0x1093F] = "Lydi", [0x1107F] = "Brah", [0x110CD] = "Kthi", [0x11288] = "Mult", [0x1133B] = "Zinh", [0x11350] = "Gran", [0x11357] = "Gran", [0x1138B] = "Tutg", [0x1138E] = "Tutg", [0x113C2] = "Tutg", [0x113C5] = "Tutg", [0x118FF] = "Wara", [0x11909] = "Diak", [0x11D3A] = "Gonm", [0x11FB0] = "Lisu", [0x11FFF] = "Taml", [0x16FE0] = "Tang", [0x16FE1] = "Nshu", [0x16FE4] = "Kits", [0x18CFF] = "Kits", [0x1B000] = "Kana", [0x1B132] = "Hira", [0x1B155] = "Kana", [0x1D4A2] = "Zyyy", [0x1D4BB] = "Zyyy", [0x1D546] = "Zyyy", [0x1E08F] = "Cyrl", [0x1E2FF] = "Wcho", [0x1E5FF] = "Onao", [0x1EE24] = "Arab", [0x1EE27] = "Arab", [0x1EE39] = "Arab", [0x1EE3B] = "Arab", [0x1EE42] = "Arab", [0x1EE47] = "Arab", [0x1EE49] = "Arab", [0x1EE4B] = "Arab", [0x1EE54] = "Arab", [0x1EE57] = "Arab", [0x1EE59] = "Arab", [0x1EE5B] = "Arab", [0x1EE5D] = "Arab", [0x1EE5F] = "Arab", [0x1EE64] = "Arab", [0x1EE7E] = "Arab", [0x1F200] = "Hira", [0x1F7F0] = "Zyyy", [0x1FAC8] = "Zyyy", [0xE0001] = "Zyyy", }, ranges = { { 0x00000, 0x00040, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00041, 0x0005A, "Latn" }, { 0x0005B, 0x00060, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00061, 0x0007A, "Latn" }, { 0x0007B, 0x000A9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000AB, 0x000B9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000BB, 0x000BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000C0, 0x000D6, "Latn" }, { 0x000D8, 0x000F6, "Latn" }, { 0x000F8, 0x002B8, "Latn" }, { 0x002B9, 0x002DF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x002E0, 0x002E4, "Latn" }, { 0x002E5, 0x002E9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x002EA, 0x002EB, "Bopo" }, { 0x002EC, 0x002FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00300, 0x0036F, "Zinh" }, { 0x00370, 0x00373, "Grek" }, { 0x00375, 0x00377, "Grek" }, { 0x0037A, 0x0037D, "Grek" }, { 0x00388, 0x0038A, "Grek" }, { 0x0038E, 0x003A1, "Grek" }, { 0x003A3, 0x003E1, "Grek" }, { 0x003E2, 0x003EF, "Copt" }, { 0x003F0, 0x003FF, "Grek" }, { 0x00400, 0x00484, "Cyrl" }, { 0x00485, 0x00486, "Zinh" }, { 0x00487, 0x0052F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x00531, 0x00556, "Armn" }, { 0x00559, 0x0058A, "Armn" }, { 0x0058D, 0x0058F, "Armn" }, { 0x00591, 0x005C7, "Hebr" }, { 0x005D0, 0x005EA, "Hebr" }, { 0x005EF, 0x005F4, "Hebr" }, { 0x00600, 0x00604, "Arab" }, { 0x00606, 0x0060B, "Arab" }, { 0x0060D, 0x0061A, "Arab" }, { 0x0061C, 0x0061E, "Arab" }, { 0x00620, 0x0063F, "Arab" }, { 0x00641, 0x0064A, "Arab" }, { 0x0064B, 0x00655, "Zinh" }, { 0x00656, 0x0066F, "Arab" }, { 0x00671, 0x006DC, "Arab" }, { 0x006DE, 0x006FF, "Arab" }, { 0x00700, 0x0070D, "Syrc" }, { 0x0070F, 0x0074A, "Syrc" }, { 0x0074D, 0x0074F, "Syrc" }, { 0x00750, 0x0077F, "Arab" }, { 0x00780, 0x007B1, "Thaa" }, { 0x007C0, 0x007FA, "Nkoo" }, { 0x007FD, 0x007FF, "Nkoo" }, { 0x00800, 0x0082D, "Samr" }, { 0x00830, 0x0083E, "Samr" }, { 0x00840, 0x0085B, "Mand" }, { 0x00860, 0x0086A, "Syrc" }, { 0x00870, 0x00891, "Arab" }, { 0x00897, 0x008E1, "Arab" }, { 0x008E3, 0x008FF, "Arab" }, { 0x00900, 0x00950, "Deva" }, { 0x00951, 0x00954, "Zinh" }, { 0x00955, 0x00963, "Deva" }, { 0x00964, 0x00965, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00966, 0x0097F, "Deva" }, { 0x00980, 0x00983, "Beng" }, { 0x00985, 0x0098C, "Beng" }, { 0x0098F, 0x00990, "Beng" }, { 0x00993, 0x009A8, "Beng" }, { 0x009AA, 0x009B0, "Beng" }, { 0x009B6, 0x009B9, "Beng" }, { 0x009BC, 0x009C4, "Beng" }, { 0x009C7, 0x009C8, "Beng" }, { 0x009CB, 0x009CE, "Beng" }, { 0x009DC, 0x009DD, "Beng" }, { 0x009DF, 0x009E3, "Beng" }, { 0x009E6, 0x009FE, "Beng" }, { 0x00A01, 0x00A03, "Guru" }, { 0x00A05, 0x00A0A, "Guru" }, { 0x00A0F, 0x00A10, "Guru" }, { 0x00A13, 0x00A28, "Guru" }, { 0x00A2A, 0x00A30, "Guru" }, { 0x00A32, 0x00A33, "Guru" }, { 0x00A35, 0x00A36, "Guru" }, { 0x00A38, 0x00A39, "Guru" }, { 0x00A3E, 0x00A42, "Guru" }, { 0x00A47, 0x00A48, "Guru" }, { 0x00A4B, 0x00A4D, "Guru" }, { 0x00A59, 0x00A5C, "Guru" }, { 0x00A66, 0x00A76, "Guru" }, { 0x00A81, 0x00A83, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A85, 0x00A8D, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A8F, 0x00A91, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A93, 0x00AA8, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AAA, 0x00AB0, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AB2, 0x00AB3, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AB5, 0x00AB9, "Gujr" }, { 0x00ABC, 0x00AC5, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AC7, 0x00AC9, "Gujr" }, { 0x00ACB, 0x00ACD, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AE0, 0x00AE3, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AE6, 0x00AF1, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AF9, 0x00AFF, "Gujr" }, { 0x00B01, 0x00B03, "Orya" }, { 0x00B05, 0x00B0C, "Orya" }, { 0x00B0F, 0x00B10, "Orya" }, { 0x00B13, 0x00B28, "Orya" }, { 0x00B2A, 0x00B30, "Orya" }, { 0x00B32, 0x00B33, "Orya" }, { 0x00B35, 0x00B39, "Orya" }, { 0x00B3C, 0x00B44, "Orya" }, { 0x00B47, 0x00B48, "Orya" }, { 0x00B4B, 0x00B4D, "Orya" }, { 0x00B55, 0x00B57, "Orya" }, { 0x00B5C, 0x00B5D, "Orya" }, { 0x00B5F, 0x00B63, "Orya" }, { 0x00B66, 0x00B77, "Orya" }, { 0x00B82, 0x00B83, "Taml" }, { 0x00B85, 0x00B8A, "Taml" }, { 0x00B8E, 0x00B90, "Taml" }, { 0x00B92, 0x00B95, "Taml" }, { 0x00B99, 0x00B9A, "Taml" }, { 0x00B9E, 0x00B9F, "Taml" }, { 0x00BA3, 0x00BA4, "Taml" }, { 0x00BA8, 0x00BAA, "Taml" }, { 0x00BAE, 0x00BB9, "Taml" }, { 0x00BBE, 0x00BC2, "Taml" }, { 0x00BC6, 0x00BC8, "Taml" }, { 0x00BCA, 0x00BCD, "Taml" }, { 0x00BE6, 0x00BFA, "Taml" }, { 0x00C00, 0x00C0C, "Telu" }, { 0x00C0E, 0x00C10, "Telu" }, { 0x00C12, 0x00C28, "Telu" }, { 0x00C2A, 0x00C39, "Telu" }, { 0x00C3C, 0x00C44, "Telu" }, { 0x00C46, 0x00C48, "Telu" }, { 0x00C4A, 0x00C4D, "Telu" }, { 0x00C55, 0x00C56, "Telu" }, { 0x00C58, 0x00C5A, "Telu" }, { 0x00C5C, 0x00C5D, "Telu" }, { 0x00C60, 0x00C63, "Telu" }, { 0x00C66, 0x00C6F, "Telu" }, { 0x00C77, 0x00C7F, "Telu" }, { 0x00C80, 0x00C8C, "Knda" }, { 0x00C8E, 0x00C90, "Knda" }, { 0x00C92, 0x00CA8, "Knda" }, { 0x00CAA, 0x00CB3, "Knda" }, { 0x00CB5, 0x00CB9, "Knda" }, { 0x00CBC, 0x00CC4, "Knda" }, { 0x00CC6, 0x00CC8, "Knda" }, { 0x00CCA, 0x00CCD, "Knda" }, { 0x00CD5, 0x00CD6, "Knda" }, { 0x00CDC, 0x00CDE, "Knda" }, { 0x00CE0, 0x00CE3, "Knda" }, { 0x00CE6, 0x00CEF, "Knda" }, { 0x00CF1, 0x00CF3, "Knda" }, { 0x00D00, 0x00D0C, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D0E, 0x00D10, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D12, 0x00D44, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D46, 0x00D48, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D4A, 0x00D4F, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D54, 0x00D63, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D66, 0x00D7F, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D81, 0x00D83, "Sinh" }, { 0x00D85, 0x00D96, "Sinh" }, { 0x00D9A, 0x00DB1, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DB3, 0x00DBB, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DC0, 0x00DC6, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DCF, 0x00DD4, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DD8, 0x00DDF, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DE6, 0x00DEF, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DF2, 0x00DF4, "Sinh" }, { 0x00E01, 0x00E3A, "Thai" }, { 0x00E40, 0x00E5B, "Thai" }, { 0x00E81, 0x00E82, "Laoo" }, { 0x00E86, 0x00E8A, "Laoo" }, { 0x00E8C, 0x00EA3, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EA7, 0x00EBD, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EC0, 0x00EC4, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EC8, 0x00ECE, "Laoo" }, { 0x00ED0, 0x00ED9, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EDC, 0x00EDF, "Laoo" }, { 0x00F00, 0x00F47, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F49, 0x00F6C, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F71, 0x00F97, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F99, 0x00FBC, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FBE, 0x00FCC, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FCE, 0x00FD4, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FD5, 0x00FD8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00FD9, 0x00FDA, "Tibt" }, { 0x01000, 0x0109F, "Mymr" }, { 0x010A0, 0x010C5, "Geor" }, { 0x010D0, 0x010FA, "Geor" }, { 0x010FC, 0x010FF, "Geor" }, { 0x01100, 0x011FF, "Hang" }, { 0x01200, 0x01248, "Ethi" }, { 0x0124A, 0x0124D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01250, 0x01256, "Ethi" }, { 0x0125A, 0x0125D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01260, 0x01288, "Ethi" }, { 0x0128A, 0x0128D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01290, 0x012B0, "Ethi" }, { 0x012B2, 0x012B5, "Ethi" }, { 0x012B8, 0x012BE, "Ethi" }, { 0x012C2, 0x012C5, "Ethi" }, { 0x012C8, 0x012D6, "Ethi" }, { 0x012D8, 0x01310, "Ethi" }, { 0x01312, 0x01315, "Ethi" }, { 0x01318, 0x0135A, "Ethi" }, { 0x0135D, 0x0137C, "Ethi" }, { 0x01380, 0x01399, "Ethi" }, { 0x013A0, 0x013F5, "Cher" }, { 0x013F8, 0x013FD, "Cher" }, { 0x01400, 0x0167F, "Cans" }, { 0x01680, 0x0169C, "Ogam" }, { 0x016A0, 0x016EA, "Runr" }, { 0x016EB, 0x016ED, "Zyyy" }, { 0x016EE, 0x016F8, "Runr" }, { 0x01700, 0x01715, "Tglg" }, { 0x01720, 0x01734, "Hano" }, { 0x01735, 0x01736, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01740, 0x01753, "Buhd" }, { 0x01760, 0x0176C, "Tagb" }, { 0x0176E, 0x01770, "Tagb" }, { 0x01772, 0x01773, "Tagb" }, { 0x01780, 0x017DD, "Khmr" }, { 0x017E0, 0x017E9, "Khmr" }, { 0x017F0, 0x017F9, "Khmr" }, { 0x01800, 0x01801, "Mong" }, { 0x01802, 0x01803, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01806, 0x01819, "Mong" }, { 0x01820, 0x01878, "Mong" }, { 0x01880, 0x018AA, "Mong" }, { 0x018B0, 0x018F5, "Cans" }, { 0x01900, 0x0191E, "Limb" }, { 0x01920, 0x0192B, "Limb" }, { 0x01930, 0x0193B, "Limb" }, { 0x01944, 0x0194F, "Limb" }, { 0x01950, 0x0196D, "Tale" }, { 0x01970, 0x01974, "Tale" }, { 0x01980, 0x019AB, "Talu" }, { 0x019B0, 0x019C9, "Talu" }, { 0x019D0, 0x019DA, "Talu" }, { 0x019DE, 0x019DF, "Talu" }, { 0x019E0, 0x019FF, "Khmr" }, { 0x01A00, 0x01A1B, "Bugi" }, { 0x01A1E, 0x01A1F, "Bugi" }, { 0x01A20, 0x01A5E, "Lana" }, { 0x01A60, 0x01A7C, "Lana" }, { 0x01A7F, 0x01A89, "Lana" }, { 0x01A90, 0x01A99, "Lana" }, { 0x01AA0, 0x01AAD, "Lana" }, { 0x01AB0, 0x01ADD, "Zinh" }, { 0x01AE0, 0x01AEB, "Zinh" }, { 0x01B00, 0x01B4C, "Bali" }, { 0x01B4E, 0x01B7F, "Bali" }, { 0x01B80, 0x01BBF, "Sund" }, { 0x01BC0, 0x01BF3, "Batk" }, { 0x01BFC, 0x01BFF, "Batk" }, { 0x01C00, 0x01C37, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C3B, 0x01C49, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C4D, 0x01C4F, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C50, 0x01C7F, "Olck" }, { 0x01C80, 0x01C8A, "Cyrl" }, { 0x01C90, 0x01CBA, "Geor" }, { 0x01CBD, 0x01CBF, "Geor" }, { 0x01CC0, 0x01CC7, "Sund" }, { 0x01CD0, 0x01CD2, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CD4, 0x01CE0, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CE2, 0x01CE8, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CE9, 0x01CEC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CEE, 0x01CF3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CF5, 0x01CF7, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CF8, 0x01CF9, "Zinh" }, { 0x01D00, 0x01D25, "Latn" }, { 0x01D26, 0x01D2A, "Grek" }, { 0x01D2C, 0x01D5C, "Latn" }, { 0x01D5D, 0x01D61, "Grek" }, { 0x01D62, 0x01D65, "Latn" }, { 0x01D66, 0x01D6A, "Grek" }, { 0x01D6B, 0x01D77, "Latn" }, { 0x01D79, 0x01DBE, "Latn" }, { 0x01DC0, 0x01DFF, "Zinh" }, { 0x01E00, 0x01EFF, "Latn" }, { 0x01F00, 0x01F15, "Grek" }, { 0x01F18, 0x01F1D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F20, 0x01F45, "Grek" }, { 0x01F48, 0x01F4D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F50, 0x01F57, "Grek" }, { 0x01F5F, 0x01F7D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F80, 0x01FB4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FB6, 0x01FC4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FC6, 0x01FD3, "Grek" }, { 0x01FD6, 0x01FDB, "Grek" }, { 0x01FDD, 0x01FEF, "Grek" }, { 0x01FF2, 0x01FF4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FF6, 0x01FFE, "Grek" }, { 0x02000, 0x0200B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0200C, 0x0200D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0200E, 0x02064, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02066, 0x02070, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02074, 0x0207E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02080, 0x0208E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02090, 0x0209C, "Latn" }, { 0x020A0, 0x020C1, "Zyyy" }, { 0x020D0, 0x020F0, "Zinh" }, { 0x02100, 0x02125, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02127, 0x02129, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0212A, 0x0212B, "Latn" }, { 0x0212C, 0x02131, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02133, 0x0214D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0214F, 0x0215F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02160, 0x02188, "Latn" }, { 0x02189, 0x0218B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02190, 0x02429, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02440, 0x0244A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02460, 0x027FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02800, 0x028FF, "Brai" }, { 0x02900, 0x02B73, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02B76, 0x02BFF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02C00, 0x02C5F, "Glag" }, { 0x02C60, 0x02C7F, "Latn" }, { 0x02C80, 0x02CF3, "Copt" }, { 0x02CF9, 0x02CFF, "Copt" }, { 0x02D00, 0x02D25, "Geor" }, { 0x02D30, 0x02D67, "Tfng" }, { 0x02D6F, 0x02D70, "Tfng" }, { 0x02D80, 0x02D96, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DA0, 0x02DA6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DA8, 0x02DAE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DB0, 0x02DB6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DB8, 0x02DBE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DC0, 0x02DC6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DC8, 0x02DCE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DD0, 0x02DD6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DD8, 0x02DDE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DE0, 0x02DFF, "Cyrl" }, { 0x02E00, 0x02E5D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02E80, 0x02E99, "Hani" }, { 0x02E9B, 0x02EF3, "Hani" }, { 0x02F00, 0x02FD5, "Hani" }, { 0x02FF0, 0x03004, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03008, 0x03020, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03021, 0x03029, "Hani" }, { 0x0302A, 0x0302D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0302E, 0x0302F, "Hang" }, { 0x03030, 0x03037, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03038, 0x0303B, "Hani" }, { 0x0303C, 0x0303F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03041, 0x03096, "Hira" }, { 0x03099, 0x0309A, "Zinh" }, { 0x0309B, 0x0309C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0309D, 0x0309F, "Hira" }, { 0x030A1, 0x030FA, "Kana" }, { 0x030FB, 0x030FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x030FD, 0x030FF, "Kana" }, { 0x03105, 0x0312F, "Bopo" }, { 0x03131, 0x0318E, "Hang" }, { 0x03190, 0x0319F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x031A0, 0x031BF, "Bopo" }, { 0x031C0, 0x031E5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x031F0, 0x031FF, "Kana" }, { 0x03200, 0x0321E, "Hang" }, { 0x03220, 0x0325F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03260, 0x0327E, "Hang" }, { 0x0327F, 0x032CF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x032D0, 0x032FE, "Kana" }, { 0x03300, 0x03357, "Kana" }, { 0x03358, 0x033FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03400, 0x04DBF, "Hani" }, { 0x04DC0, 0x04DFF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x04E00, 0x09FFF, "Hani" }, { 0x0A000, 0x0A48C, "Yiii" }, { 0x0A490, 0x0A4C6, "Yiii" }, { 0x0A4D0, 0x0A4FF, "Lisu" }, { 0x0A500, 0x0A62B, "Vaii" }, { 0x0A640, 0x0A69F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x0A6A0, 0x0A6F7, "Bamu" }, { 0x0A700, 0x0A721, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A722, 0x0A787, "Latn" }, { 0x0A788, 0x0A78A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A78B, 0x0A7DC, "Latn" }, { 0x0A7F1, 0x0A7FF, "Latn" }, { 0x0A800, 0x0A82C, "Sylo" }, { 0x0A830, 0x0A839, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A840, 0x0A877, "Phag" }, { 0x0A880, 0x0A8C5, "Saur" }, { 0x0A8CE, 0x0A8D9, "Saur" }, { 0x0A8E0, 0x0A8FF, "Deva" }, { 0x0A900, 0x0A92D, "Kali" }, { 0x0A930, 0x0A953, "Rjng" }, { 0x0A960, 0x0A97C, "Hang" }, { 0x0A980, 0x0A9CD, "Java" }, { 0x0A9D0, 0x0A9D9, "Java" }, { 0x0A9DE, 0x0A9DF, "Java" }, { 0x0A9E0, 0x0A9FE, "Mymr" }, { 0x0AA00, 0x0AA36, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA40, 0x0AA4D, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA50, 0x0AA59, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA5C, 0x0AA5F, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA60, 0x0AA7F, "Mymr" }, { 0x0AA80, 0x0AAC2, "Tavt" }, { 0x0AADB, 0x0AADF, "Tavt" }, { 0x0AAE0, 0x0AAF6, "Mtei" }, { 0x0AB01, 0x0AB06, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB09, 0x0AB0E, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB11, 0x0AB16, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB20, 0x0AB26, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB28, 0x0AB2E, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB30, 0x0AB5A, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB5C, 0x0AB64, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB66, 0x0AB69, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB6A, 0x0AB6B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0AB70, 0x0ABBF, "Cher" }, { 0x0ABC0, 0x0ABED, "Mtei" }, { 0x0ABF0, 0x0ABF9, "Mtei" }, { 0x0AC00, 0x0D7A3, "Hang" }, { 0x0D7B0, 0x0D7C6, "Hang" }, { 0x0D7CB, 0x0D7FB, "Hang" }, { 0x0F900, 0x0FA6D, "Hani" }, { 0x0FA70, 0x0FAD9, "Hani" }, { 0x0FB00, 0x0FB06, "Latn" }, { 0x0FB13, 0x0FB17, "Armn" }, { 0x0FB1D, 0x0FB36, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB38, 0x0FB3C, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB40, 0x0FB41, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB43, 0x0FB44, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB46, 0x0FB4F, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB50, 0x0FD3D, "Arab" }, { 0x0FD3E, 0x0FD3F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FD40, 0x0FDCF, "Arab" }, { 0x0FDF0, 0x0FDFF, "Arab" }, { 0x0FE00, 0x0FE0F, "Zinh" }, { 0x0FE10, 0x0FE19, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE20, 0x0FE2D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0FE2E, 0x0FE2F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x0FE30, 0x0FE52, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE54, 0x0FE66, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE68, 0x0FE6B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE70, 0x0FE74, "Arab" }, { 0x0FE76, 0x0FEFC, "Arab" }, { 0x0FF01, 0x0FF20, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF21, 0x0FF3A, "Latn" }, { 0x0FF3B, 0x0FF40, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF41, 0x0FF5A, "Latn" }, { 0x0FF5B, 0x0FF65, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF66, 0x0FF6F, "Kana" }, { 0x0FF71, 0x0FF9D, "Kana" }, { 0x0FF9E, 0x0FF9F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFA0, 0x0FFBE, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFC2, 0x0FFC7, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFCA, 0x0FFCF, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFD2, 0x0FFD7, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFDA, 0x0FFDC, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFE0, 0x0FFE6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFE8, 0x0FFEE, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFF9, 0x0FFFD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10000, 0x1000B, "Linb" }, { 0x1000D, 0x10026, "Linb" }, { 0x10028, 0x1003A, "Linb" }, { 0x1003C, 0x1003D, "Linb" }, { 0x1003F, 0x1004D, "Linb" }, { 0x10050, 0x1005D, "Linb" }, { 0x10080, 0x100FA, "Linb" }, { 0x10100, 0x10102, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10107, 0x10133, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10137, 0x1013F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10140, 0x1018E, "Grek" }, { 0x10190, 0x1019C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x101D0, 0x101FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10280, 0x1029C, "Lyci" }, { 0x102A0, 0x102D0, "Cari" }, { 0x102E1, 0x102FB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10300, 0x10323, "Ital" }, { 0x1032D, 0x1032F, "Ital" }, { 0x10330, 0x1034A, "Goth" }, { 0x10350, 0x1037A, "Perm" }, { 0x10380, 0x1039D, "Ugar" }, { 0x103A0, 0x103C3, "Xpeo" }, { 0x103C8, 0x103D5, "Xpeo" }, { 0x10400, 0x1044F, "Dsrt" }, { 0x10450, 0x1047F, "Shaw" }, { 0x10480, 0x1049D, "Osma" }, { 0x104A0, 0x104A9, "Osma" }, { 0x104B0, 0x104D3, "Osge" }, { 0x104D8, 0x104FB, "Osge" }, { 0x10500, 0x10527, "Elba" }, { 0x10530, 0x10563, "Aghb" }, { 0x10570, 0x1057A, "Vith" }, { 0x1057C, 0x1058A, "Vith" }, { 0x1058C, 0x10592, "Vith" }, { 0x10594, 0x10595, "Vith" }, { 0x10597, 0x105A1, "Vith" }, { 0x105A3, 0x105B1, "Vith" }, { 0x105B3, 0x105B9, "Vith" }, { 0x105BB, 0x105BC, "Vith" }, { 0x105C0, 0x105F3, "Todr" }, { 0x10600, 0x10736, "Lina" }, { 0x10740, 0x10755, "Lina" }, { 0x10760, 0x10767, "Lina" }, { 0x10780, 0x10785, "Latn" }, { 0x10787, 0x107B0, "Latn" }, { 0x107B2, 0x107BA, "Latn" }, { 0x10800, 0x10805, "Cprt" }, { 0x1080A, 0x10835, "Cprt" }, { 0x10837, 0x10838, "Cprt" }, { 0x10840, 0x10855, "Armi" }, { 0x10857, 0x1085F, "Armi" }, { 0x10860, 0x1087F, "Palm" }, { 0x10880, 0x1089E, "Nbat" }, { 0x108A7, 0x108AF, "Nbat" }, { 0x108E0, 0x108F2, "Hatr" }, { 0x108F4, 0x108F5, "Hatr" }, { 0x108FB, 0x108FF, "Hatr" }, { 0x10900, 0x1091B, "Phnx" }, { 0x10920, 0x10939, "Lydi" }, { 0x10940, 0x10959, "Sidt" }, { 0x10980, 0x1099F, "Mero" }, { 0x109A0, 0x109B7, "Merc" }, { 0x109BC, 0x109CF, "Merc" }, { 0x109D2, 0x109FF, "Merc" }, { 0x10A00, 0x10A03, "Khar" }, { 0x10A05, 0x10A06, "Khar" }, { 0x10A0C, 0x10A13, "Khar" }, { 0x10A15, 0x10A17, "Khar" }, { 0x10A19, 0x10A35, "Khar" }, { 0x10A38, 0x10A3A, "Khar" }, { 0x10A3F, 0x10A48, "Khar" }, { 0x10A50, 0x10A58, "Khar" }, { 0x10A60, 0x10A7F, "Sarb" }, { 0x10A80, 0x10A9F, "Narb" }, { 0x10AC0, 0x10AE6, "Mani" }, { 0x10AEB, 0x10AF6, "Mani" }, { 0x10B00, 0x10B35, "Avst" }, { 0x10B39, 0x10B3F, "Avst" }, { 0x10B40, 0x10B55, "Prti" }, { 0x10B58, 0x10B5F, "Prti" }, { 0x10B60, 0x10B72, "Phli" }, { 0x10B78, 0x10B7F, "Phli" }, { 0x10B80, 0x10B91, "Phlp" }, { 0x10B99, 0x10B9C, "Phlp" }, { 0x10BA9, 0x10BAF, "Phlp" }, { 0x10C00, 0x10C48, "Orkh" }, { 0x10C80, 0x10CB2, "Hung" }, { 0x10CC0, 0x10CF2, "Hung" }, { 0x10CFA, 0x10CFF, "Hung" }, { 0x10D00, 0x10D27, "Rohg" }, { 0x10D30, 0x10D39, "Rohg" }, { 0x10D40, 0x10D65, "Gara" }, { 0x10D69, 0x10D85, "Gara" }, { 0x10D8E, 0x10D8F, "Gara" }, { 0x10E60, 0x10E7E, "Arab" }, { 0x10E80, 0x10EA9, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EAB, 0x10EAD, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EB0, 0x10EB1, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EC2, 0x10EC7, "Arab" }, { 0x10ED0, 0x10ED8, "Arab" }, { 0x10EFA, 0x10EFF, "Arab" }, { 0x10F00, 0x10F27, "Sogo" }, { 0x10F30, 0x10F59, "Sogd" }, { 0x10F70, 0x10F89, "Ougr" }, { 0x10FB0, 0x10FCB, "Chrs" }, { 0x10FE0, 0x10FF6, "Elym" }, { 0x11000, 0x1104D, "Brah" }, { 0x11052, 0x11075, "Brah" }, { 0x11080, 0x110C2, "Kthi" }, { 0x110D0, 0x110E8, "Sora" }, { 0x110F0, 0x110F9, "Sora" }, { 0x11100, 0x11134, "Cakm" }, { 0x11136, 0x11147, "Cakm" }, { 0x11150, 0x11176, "Mahj" }, { 0x11180, 0x111DF, "Shrd" }, { 0x111E1, 0x111F4, "Sinh" }, { 0x11200, 0x11211, "Khoj" }, { 0x11213, 0x11241, "Khoj" }, { 0x11280, 0x11286, "Mult" }, { 0x1128A, 0x1128D, "Mult" }, { 0x1128F, 0x1129D, "Mult" }, { 0x1129F, 0x112A9, "Mult" }, { 0x112B0, 0x112EA, "Sind" }, { 0x112F0, 0x112F9, "Sind" }, { 0x11300, 0x11303, "Gran" }, { 0x11305, 0x1130C, "Gran" }, { 0x1130F, 0x11310, "Gran" }, { 0x11313, 0x11328, "Gran" }, { 0x1132A, 0x11330, "Gran" }, { 0x11332, 0x11333, "Gran" }, { 0x11335, 0x11339, "Gran" }, { 0x1133C, 0x11344, "Gran" }, { 0x11347, 0x11348, "Gran" }, { 0x1134B, 0x1134D, "Gran" }, { 0x1135D, 0x11363, "Gran" }, { 0x11366, 0x1136C, "Gran" }, { 0x11370, 0x11374, "Gran" }, { 0x11380, 0x11389, "Tutg" }, { 0x11390, 0x113B5, "Tutg" }, { 0x113B7, 0x113C0, "Tutg" }, { 0x113C7, 0x113CA, "Tutg" }, { 0x113CC, 0x113D5, "Tutg" }, { 0x113D7, 0x113D8, "Tutg" }, { 0x113E1, 0x113E2, "Tutg" }, { 0x11400, 0x1145B, "Newa" }, { 0x1145D, 0x11461, "Newa" }, { 0x11480, 0x114C7, "Tirh" }, { 0x114D0, 0x114D9, "Tirh" }, { 0x11580, 0x115B5, "Sidd" }, { 0x115B8, 0x115DD, "Sidd" }, { 0x11600, 0x11644, "Modi" }, { 0x11650, 0x11659, "Modi" }, { 0x11660, 0x1166C, "Mong" }, { 0x11680, 0x116B9, "Takr" }, { 0x116C0, 0x116C9, "Takr" }, { 0x116D0, 0x116E3, "Mymr" }, { 0x11700, 0x1171A, "Ahom" }, { 0x1171D, 0x1172B, "Ahom" }, { 0x11730, 0x11746, "Ahom" }, { 0x11800, 0x1183B, "Dogr" }, { 0x118A0, 0x118F2, "Wara" }, { 0x11900, 0x11906, "Diak" }, { 0x1190C, 0x11913, "Diak" }, { 0x11915, 0x11916, "Diak" }, { 0x11918, 0x11935, "Diak" }, { 0x11937, 0x11938, "Diak" }, { 0x1193B, 0x11946, "Diak" }, { 0x11950, 0x11959, "Diak" }, { 0x119A0, 0x119A7, "Nand" }, { 0x119AA, 0x119D7, "Nand" }, { 0x119DA, 0x119E4, "Nand" }, { 0x11A00, 0x11A47, "Zanb" }, { 0x11A50, 0x11AA2, "Soyo" }, { 0x11AB0, 0x11ABF, "Cans" }, { 0x11AC0, 0x11AF8, "Pauc" }, { 0x11B00, 0x11B09, "Deva" }, { 0x11B60, 0x11B67, "Shrd" }, { 0x11BC0, 0x11BE1, "Sunu" }, { 0x11BF0, 0x11BF9, "Sunu" }, { 0x11C00, 0x11C08, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C0A, 0x11C36, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C38, 0x11C45, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C50, 0x11C6C, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C70, 0x11C8F, "Marc" }, { 0x11C92, 0x11CA7, "Marc" }, { 0x11CA9, 0x11CB6, "Marc" }, { 0x11D00, 0x11D06, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D08, 0x11D09, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D0B, 0x11D36, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D3C, 0x11D3D, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D3F, 0x11D47, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D50, 0x11D59, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D60, 0x11D65, "Gong" }, { 0x11D67, 0x11D68, "Gong" }, { 0x11D6A, 0x11D8E, "Gong" }, { 0x11D90, 0x11D91, "Gong" }, { 0x11D93, 0x11D98, "Gong" }, { 0x11DA0, 0x11DA9, "Gong" }, { 0x11DB0, 0x11DDB, "Tols" }, { 0x11DE0, 0x11DE9, "Tols" }, { 0x11EE0, 0x11EF8, "Maka" }, { 0x11F00, 0x11F10, "Kawi" }, { 0x11F12, 0x11F3A, "Kawi" }, { 0x11F3E, 0x11F5A, "Kawi" }, { 0x11FC0, 0x11FF1, "Taml" }, { 0x12000, 0x12399, "Xsux" }, { 0x12400, 0x1246E, "Xsux" }, { 0x12470, 0x12474, "Xsux" }, { 0x12480, 0x12543, "Xsux" }, { 0x12F90, 0x12FF2, "Cpmn" }, { 0x13000, 0x13455, "Egyp" }, { 0x13460, 0x143FA, "Egyp" }, { 0x14400, 0x14646, "Hluw" }, { 0x16100, 0x16139, "Gukh" }, { 0x16800, 0x16A38, "Bamu" }, { 0x16A40, 0x16A5E, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A60, 0x16A69, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A6E, 0x16A6F, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A70, 0x16ABE, "Tnsa" }, { 0x16AC0, 0x16AC9, "Tnsa" }, { 0x16AD0, 0x16AED, "Bass" }, { 0x16AF0, 0x16AF5, "Bass" }, { 0x16B00, 0x16B45, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B50, 0x16B59, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B5B, 0x16B61, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B63, 0x16B77, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B7D, 0x16B8F, "Hmng" }, { 0x16D40, 0x16D79, "Krai" }, { 0x16E40, 0x16E9A, "Medf" }, { 0x16EA0, 0x16EB8, "Berf" }, { 0x16EBB, 0x16ED3, "Berf" }, { 0x16F00, 0x16F4A, "Plrd" }, { 0x16F4F, 0x16F87, "Plrd" }, { 0x16F8F, 0x16F9F, "Plrd" }, { 0x16FE2, 0x16FE3, "Hani" }, { 0x16FF0, 0x16FF6, "Hani" }, { 0x17000, 0x18AFF, "Tang" }, { 0x18B00, 0x18CD5, "Kits" }, { 0x18D00, 0x18D1E, "Tang" }, { 0x18D80, 0x18DF2, "Tang" }, { 0x1AFF0, 0x1AFF3, "Kana" }, { 0x1AFF5, 0x1AFFB, "Kana" }, { 0x1AFFD, 0x1AFFE, "Kana" }, { 0x1B001, 0x1B11F, "Hira" }, { 0x1B120, 0x1B122, "Kana" }, { 0x1B150, 0x1B152, "Hira" }, { 0x1B164, 0x1B167, "Kana" }, { 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "Nshu" }, { 0x1BC00, 0x1BC6A, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC70, 0x1BC7C, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC80, 0x1BC88, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC90, 0x1BC99, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC9C, 0x1BC9F, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BCA0, 0x1BCA3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1CC00, 0x1CCFC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1CD00, 0x1CEB3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1CEBA, 0x1CED0, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1CEE0, 0x1CEF0, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1CF00, 0x1CF2D, "Zinh" }, { 0x1CF30, 0x1CF46, "Zinh" }, { 0x1CF50, 0x1CFC3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D000, 0x1D0F5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D100, 0x1D126, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D129, 0x1D166, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D167, 0x1D169, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D16A, 0x1D17A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D17B, 0x1D182, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D183, 0x1D184, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D185, 0x1D18B, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D18C, 0x1D1A9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D1AE, 0x1D1EA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D200, 0x1D245, "Grek" }, { 0x1D2C0, 0x1D2D3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D2E0, 0x1D2F3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D300, 0x1D356, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D360, 0x1D378, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D400, 0x1D454, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D456, 0x1D49C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4C5, 0x1D505, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D507, 0x1D50A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D50D, 0x1D514, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D516, 0x1D51C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D51E, 0x1D539, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D53B, 0x1D53E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D540, 0x1D544, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D54A, 0x1D550, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D552, 0x1D6A5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D6A8, 0x1D7CB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D7CE, 0x1D7FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D800, 0x1DA8B, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DA9B, 0x1DA9F, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DAA1, 0x1DAAF, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DF00, 0x1DF1E, "Latn" }, { 0x1DF25, 0x1DF2A, "Latn" }, { 0x1E000, 0x1E006, "Glag" }, { 0x1E008, 0x1E018, "Glag" }, { 0x1E01B, 0x1E021, "Glag" }, { 0x1E023, 0x1E024, "Glag" }, { 0x1E026, 0x1E02A, "Glag" }, { 0x1E030, 0x1E06D, "Cyrl" }, { 0x1E100, 0x1E12C, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E130, 0x1E13D, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E140, 0x1E149, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E14E, 0x1E14F, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E290, 0x1E2AE, "Toto" }, { 0x1E2C0, 0x1E2F9, "Wcho" }, { 0x1E4D0, 0x1E4F9, "Nagm" }, { 0x1E5D0, 0x1E5FA, "Onao" }, { 0x1E6C0, 0x1E6DE, "Tayo" }, { 0x1E6E0, 0x1E6F5, "Tayo" }, { 0x1E6FE, 0x1E6FF, "Tayo" }, { 0x1E7E0, 0x1E7E6, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E7E8, 0x1E7EB, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E7ED, 0x1E7EE, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E7F0, 0x1E7FE, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E800, 0x1E8C4, "Mend" }, { 0x1E8C7, 0x1E8D6, "Mend" }, { 0x1E900, 0x1E94B, "Adlm" }, { 0x1E950, 0x1E959, "Adlm" }, { 0x1E95E, 0x1E95F, "Adlm" }, { 0x1EC71, 0x1ECB4, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1ED01, 0x1ED3D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1EE00, 0x1EE03, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE05, 0x1EE1F, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE21, 0x1EE22, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE29, 0x1EE32, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE34, 0x1EE37, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE4D, 0x1EE4F, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE51, 0x1EE52, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE61, 0x1EE62, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE67, 0x1EE6A, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE6C, 0x1EE72, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE74, 0x1EE77, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE79, 0x1EE7C, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE80, 0x1EE89, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE8B, 0x1EE9B, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEA1, 0x1EEA3, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEA5, 0x1EEA9, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEAB, 0x1EEBB, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEF0, 0x1EEF1, "Arab" }, { 0x1F000, 0x1F02B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F030, 0x1F093, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0A0, 0x1F0AE, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0B1, 0x1F0BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0C1, 0x1F0CF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0D1, 0x1F0F5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F100, 0x1F1AD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F1E6, 0x1F1FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F201, 0x1F202, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F210, 0x1F23B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F240, 0x1F248, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F250, 0x1F251, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F260, 0x1F265, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F300, 0x1F6D8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F6DC, 0x1F6EC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F6F0, 0x1F6FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F700, 0x1F7D9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F7E0, 0x1F7EB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F800, 0x1F80B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F810, 0x1F847, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F850, 0x1F859, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F860, 0x1F887, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F890, 0x1F8AD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F8B0, 0x1F8BB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F8C0, 0x1F8C1, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F8D0, 0x1F8D8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F900, 0x1FA57, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA60, 0x1FA6D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA70, 0x1FA7C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA80, 0x1FA8A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA8E, 0x1FAC6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FACD, 0x1FADC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FADF, 0x1FAEA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAEF, 0x1FAF8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FB00, 0x1FB92, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FB94, 0x1FBFA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x20000, 0x2A6DF, "Hani" }, { 0x2A700, 0x2B81D, "Hani" }, { 0x2B820, 0x2CEAD, "Hani" }, { 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "Hani" }, { 0x2EBF0, 0x2EE5D, "Hani" }, { 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "Hani" }, { 0x30000, 0x3134A, "Hani" }, { 0x31350, 0x33479, "Hani" }, { 0xE0020, 0xE007F, "Zyyy" }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, "Zinh" }, }, -- Scripts.txt gives full names; here we consider them aliases to save space. aliases = { Adlm = "Adlam", Aghb = "Caucasian Albanian", Ahom = "Ahom", Arab = "Arabic", Armi = "Imperial Aramaic", Armn = "Armenian", Avst = "Avestan", Bali = "Balinese", Bamu = "Bamum", Bass = "Bassa Vah", Batk = "Batak", Beng = "Bengali", Berf = "Beria Erfe", Bhks = "Bhaiksuki", Bopo = "Bopomofo", Brah = "Brahmi", Brai = "Braille", Bugi = "Buginese", Buhd = "Buhid", Cakm = "Chakma", Cans = "Canadian Aboriginal", Cari = "Carian", Cham = "Cham", Cher = "Cherokee", Chrs = "Chorasmian", Copt = "Coptic", Cpmn = "Cypro Minoan", Cprt = "Cypriot", Cyrl = "Cyrillic", Deva = "Devanagari", Diak = "Dives Akuru", Dogr = "Dogra", Dsrt = "Deseret", Dupl = "Duployan", Egyp = "Egyptian Hieroglyphs", Elba = "Elbasan", Elym = "Elymaic", Ethi = "Ethiopic", Gara = "Garay", Geor = "Georgian", Glag = "Glagolitic", Gong = "Gunjala Gondi", Gonm = "Masaram Gondi", Goth = "Gothic", Gran = "Grantha", Grek = "Greek", Gujr = "Gujarati", Gukh = "Gurung Khema", Guru = "Gurmukhi", Hang = "Hangul", Hani = "Han", Hano = "Hanunoo", Hatr = "Hatran", Hebr = "Hebrew", Hira = "Hiragana", Hluw = "Anatolian Hieroglyphs", Hmng = "Pahawh Hmong", Hmnp = "Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong", Hrkt = "Katakana Or Hiragana", Hung = "Old Hungarian", Ital = "Old Italic", Java = "Javanese", Kali = "Kayah Li", Kana = "Katakana", Kawi = "Kawi", Khar = "Kharoshthi", Khmr = "Khmer", Khoj = "Khojki", Kits = "Khitan Small Script", Knda = "Kannada", Krai = "Kirat Rai", Kthi = "Kaithi", Lana = "Tai Tham", Laoo = "Lao", Latn = "Latin", Lepc = "Lepcha", Limb = "Limbu", Lina = "Linear A", Linb = "Linear B", Lisu = "Lisu", Lyci = "Lycian", Lydi = "Lydian", Mahj = "Mahajani", Maka = "Makasar", Mand = "Mandaic", Mani = "Manichaean", Marc = "Marchen", Medf = "Medefaidrin", Mend = "Mende Kikakui", Merc = "Meroitic Cursive", Mero = "Meroitic Hieroglyphs", Mlym = "Malayalam", Modi = "Modi", Mong = "Mongolian", Mroo = "Mro", Mtei = "Meetei Mayek", Mult = "Multani", Mymr = "Myanmar", Nagm = "Nag Mundari", Nand = "Nandinagari", Narb = "Old North Arabian", Nbat = "Nabataean", Newa = "Newa", Nkoo = "NKo", Nshu = "Nushu", Ogam = "Ogham", Olck = "Ol Chiki", Onao = "Ol Onal", Orkh = "Old Turkic", Orya = "Oriya", Osge = "Osage", Osma = "Osmanya", Ougr = "Old Uyghur", Palm = "Palmyrene", Pauc = "Pau Cin Hau", Perm = "Old Permic", Phag = "Phags Pa", Phli = "Inscriptional Pahlavi", Phlp = "Psalter Pahlavi", Phnx = "Phoenician", Plrd = "Miao", Prti = "Inscriptional Parthian", Rjng = "Rejang", Rohg = "Hanifi Rohingya", Runr = "Runic", Samr = "Samaritan", Sarb = "Old South Arabian", Saur = "Saurashtra", Sgnw = "SignWriting", Shaw = "Shavian", Shrd = "Sharada", Sidd = "Siddham", Sidt = "Sidetic", Sind = "Khudawadi", Sinh = "Sinhala", Sogd = "Sogdian", Sogo = "Old Sogdian", Sora = "Sora Sompeng", Soyo = "Soyombo", Sund = "Sundanese", Sunu = "Sunuwar", Sylo = "Syloti Nagri", Syrc = "Syriac", Tagb = "Tagbanwa", Takr = "Takri", Tale = "Tai Le", Talu = "New Tai Lue", Taml = "Tamil", Tang = "Tangut", Tavt = "Tai Viet", Tayo = "Tai Yo", Telu = "Telugu", Tfng = "Tifinagh", Tglg = "Tagalog", Thaa = "Thaana", Thai = "Thai", Tibt = "Tibetan", Tirh = "Tirhuta", Tnsa = "Tangsa", Todr = "Todhri", Tols = "Tolong Siki", Toto = "Toto", Tutg = "Tulu Tigalari", Ugar = "Ugaritic", Vaii = "Vai", Vith = "Vithkuqi", Wara = "Warang Citi", Wcho = "Wancho", Xpeo = "Old Persian", Xsux = "Cuneiform", Yezi = "Yezidi", Yiii = "Yi", Zanb = "Zanabazar Square", Zinh = "Inherited", Zyyy = "Common", Zzzz = "Unknown", }, } -- Required for binary search function in [[Module:Language/scripts]]. -- Cannot get length of module loaded with mw.loadData. data.ranges.length = #data.ranges data.rtl = {} for _, script in ipairs(mw.loadData "Module:Lang/data".rtl_scripts) do -- [[Module:Lang/data]] has script codes in lowercase; -- this module has script codes with the first letter capitalized. data.rtl[script:gsub("^%a", string.upper)] = true end return data 80pl7gb2np5bla0ghczssae2pylkrhq 828 9983 35605 2026-07-09T11:17:33Z Avimaarak 3578 '<!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}} {{lua|Module:Lang/data}} This module contains data that is used by [[Module:Unicode data]] to determine the Unicode script code for a code point and to determine if a Unicode script is written right-to-left. The right-to-left script data is...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35605 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}} {{lua|Module:Lang/data}} This module contains data that is used by [[Module:Unicode data]] to determine the Unicode script code for a code point and to determine if a Unicode script is written right-to-left. The right-to-left script data is sourced from [[Module:Lang/data]]. The main table in the module is generated by [[Module:Unicode data/scripts/make]] from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt Scripts.txt] and [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropertyValueAliases.txt PropertyValueAliases.txt] in the Unicode Character Database (version 17.0). <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Unicode data modules|scripts]] }}</includeonly> 0apdhy5qvohyjxvbfyok3foqq4n9vem 828 9984 35606 2026-07-09T11:18:32Z Avimaarak 3578 'local p = {} local Array = require 'Module:Array' local function pattern_escape(str) return (str:gsub('%p', '%%%1')) end function p.make_script_name_to_code(page_name) local property_value_aliases = assert(assert(mw.title.new(page_name)):getContent()) local script_aliases = property_value_aliases:match( pattern_escape '# Script (sc)' .. '%s+(.-)%s+' .. pattern_escape '# Script_Extensions (scx)') local s...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35606 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local Array = require 'Module:Array' local function pattern_escape(str) return (str:gsub('%p', '%%%1')) end function p.make_script_name_to_code(page_name) local property_value_aliases = assert(assert(mw.title.new(page_name)):getContent()) local script_aliases = property_value_aliases:match( pattern_escape '# Script (sc)' .. '%s+(.-)%s+' .. pattern_escape '# Script_Extensions (scx)') local script_name_to_code = {} for code, name in script_aliases:gmatch 'sc%s+;%s+(%a+)%s+;%s+([%a_]+)' do script_name_to_code[name] = code end return script_name_to_code end function p.make_script_data(scripts_txt, property_value_aliases_txt) local script_data = assert(assert(mw.title.new(scripts_txt)):getContent()) local script_name_to_code = p.make_script_name_to_code(property_value_aliases_txt) setmetatable(script_name_to_code, { __index = function (self, k) error(('No code for "%s"'):format(k)) end }) local script_ranges = Array() local prev_codepoint, prev_script_name, prev_script_range for codepoint1, codepoint2, script_name in script_data:gmatch '%f[^\n%z](%x+)%.?%.?(%x*)%s+;%s*([%w_]+)' do codepoint1, codepoint2 = tonumber(codepoint1, 16), tonumber(codepoint2, 16) local script_range if prev_script_range and script_name == prev_script_name and codepoint1 - prev_codepoint == 1 then prev_script_range[2] = codepoint2 or codepoint1 else script_range = { codepoint1, codepoint2 or codepoint1, script_name_to_code[script_name] } script_ranges:insert(script_range) end prev_codepoint, prev_script_name, prev_script_range = codepoint2 or codepoint1, script_name, script_range or prev_script_range end local singles = {} local i = 1 while script_ranges[i] do local low, high, script_code = unpack(script_ranges[i]) if low == high then singles[low] = script_code script_ranges:remove(i) else i = i + 1 end end script_ranges:sort( function (range1, range2) return range1[1] < range2[1] end) local template = [[ local data = { singles = { ... }, ranges = { ... }, -- Scripts.txt gives full names; here we consider them aliases to save space. aliases = { ... }, } ]] local printed_ranges = Array() for _, range in ipairs(script_ranges) do local low, high, script_code = unpack(range) printed_ranges:insert(('\t\t{ 0x%05X, 0x%05X, "%s" },'):format(low, high, script_code)) end local printed_singles = Array() for codepoint, script_code in require 'Module:TableTools'.sortedPairs(singles) do printed_singles:insert(('\t\t[0x%05X] = "%s",'):format(codepoint, script_code)) end local printed_script_name_to_code = Array() for name, code in require 'Module:TableTools'.sortedPairs(script_name_to_code, function(name1, name2) return script_name_to_code[name1] < script_name_to_code[name2] end) do printed_script_name_to_code:insert(('\t\t%s = "%s",'):format(code, name:gsub('_', ' '))) end local data = template :gsub('%.%.%.', printed_singles:concat('\n'), 1) :gsub('%.%.%.', printed_ranges:concat('\n'), 1) :gsub('%.%.%.', printed_script_name_to_code:concat('\n'), 1) return data end function p.highlight(lua_code) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = "syntaxhighlight", content = lua_code, args = { lang = "lua" } } end function p.main(frame) local dir = 'User:Erutuon/Unicode' local scripts_txt = dir .. '/Scripts.txt' local property_value_aliases_txt = dir ..'/PropertyValueAliases.txt' return p.highlight(p.make_script_data(scripts_txt, property_value_aliases_txt)) end return p fy6ayg2lccnno8zmlcqrn86e3xjxtr4 828 9985 35607 2026-07-09T11:19:10Z Avimaarak 3578 '<!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> For generating [[Module:Unicode data/scripts]]. {{#invoke:Unicode data/scripts/make|main}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly>' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35607 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> For generating [[Module:Unicode data/scripts]]. {{#invoke:Unicode data/scripts/make|main}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 2hhxvvxfimk5lkbfhtb18mhpbqszkmk 828 9986 35608 2026-07-09T11:20:28Z Avimaarak 3578 'local Array = {} local array_constructor local function load_table_module() return require "Module:TableTools" end -- Copy table library so as not to unexpectedly change the behavior of code that -- uses it. local array_methods = mw.clone(table) -- Create version of table.sort that returns the table. array_methods.sort = function (t, comp) table.sort(t, comp) return t end -- ipairs and unpack operate on arrays....' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35608 Scribunto text/plain local Array = {} local array_constructor local function load_table_module() return require "Module:TableTools" end -- Copy table library so as not to unexpectedly change the behavior of code that -- uses it. local array_methods = mw.clone(table) -- Create version of table.sort that returns the table. array_methods.sort = function (t, comp) table.sort(t, comp) return t end -- ipairs and unpack operate on arrays. array_methods.ipairs = ipairs array_methods.unpack = unpack function array_methods:type() local mt = getmetatable(self) return type(mt) == "table" and mt.__type or nil end function array_methods:adjustIndex(index) index = math.floor(index) if index < 0 then index = #self + index + 1 end return index end -- string.sub-style slicing. function array_methods:slice(i, j) if i == nil then i = 1 elseif type(i) == "number" then i = self:adjust_index(i) else error("Expected number, got " .. type(i)) end if j == nil or type(j) == "number" then j = self:adjust_index(j or -1) else error("Expected number, got " .. type(j)) end local new_arr = array_constructor() local k = 0 for index = i, j do k = k + 1 new_arr[k] = self[index] end return new_arr end -- A function to convert string key-table modules such -- as [[Module:languages/data2]] into arrays. -- "from" is a bad name. -- field_for_key supplies the field name in which the -- key will be stored. local function to_array(map, field_for_key) m_table = m_table or load_table_module() local arr = {} local i = 0 for key, val in pairs(map) do i = i + 1 local new_val = m_table.shallowcopy(val) if field_for_key then new_val[field_for_key] = key end arr[i] = new_val end return array_constructor(arr) end -- Functions from [[Module:TableTools]] that operate on arrays or sparse arrays. -- List copied from [[Module:TableTools/documentation]]. local operate_on_array = { -- non-sparse "removeDuplicates", "length", "contains", "serialCommaJoin", "reverseIpairs", "reverse", "invert", "listToSet", "isArray", -- sparse "numKeys", "maxIndex", "compressSparseArray", "sparseIpairs", -- tables in general "shallowcopy", "deepcopy", } -- Not all of these operate on arrays. local create_new_array = { -- Functions from [[Module:TableTools]] that create an array. -- List copied from [[Module:TableTools/documentation]]. "removeDuplicates", "numKeys", "affixNums", "compressSparseArray", "keysToList", "reverse", -- Functions from [[Module:TableTools]] that create an table. "shallowcopy", "deepcopy", -- Functions from [[Module:fun]] that create an array. "map", "filter", } -- Functions from [[Module:fun]] that take an array in the second argument. -- They just have to have the argument order reversed to work as methods of the -- array object. local second_argument_is_array = { "map", "some", "all", "filter" } -- Add aliases for the functions from [[Module:TableTools]] whose names -- contain "array" or "list", which is redundant, and whose names don't conform -- to the usual camel case. -- The key redirects to the value. local alias_of = { compress = "compressSparseArray", keys = "keysToList", toSet = "listToSet", deepCopy = "deepcopy", shallowCopy = "shallowcopy", } local function get_module_function(key, module, module_name) return module[key] or error("No function named " .. tostring(key) .. " in Module:" .. module_name) end local function wrap_in_array_constructor(func) return function (...) return array_constructor(func(...)) end end local function create_array_generating_func(key, module, module_name) return wrap_in_array_constructor(get_module_function(key, module, module_name)) end local function reverse_arguments(func) return function (a, b) return func(b, a, true) end end local function underscore_to_camel_case(str) if type(str) ~= "string" then return str end str = str:gsub("_(.)", string.upper) return str end local m_table, m_fun local Array = {} Array.__type = "array" function Array:__index(key) if type(key) ~= "string" then return nil end -- Convert underscores to camel case: num_keys -> numKeys. key = underscore_to_camel_case(key) local val = array_methods[key] if val then return val end key = alias_of[key] or key local func m_table = m_table or load_table_module() if m_table.contains(operate_on_array, key) then if m_table.contains(create_new_array, key) then func = create_array_generating_func(key, m_table, "table") else func = m_table[key] end elseif m_table.contains(second_argument_is_array, key) then m_fun = m_fun or require "Module:fun" local raw_func = reverse_arguments(get_module_function(key, m_fun, "fun")) if m_table.contains(create_new_array, key) then func = wrap_in_array_constructor(raw_func) else func = raw_func end end if func then array_methods[key] = func return func end end function Array.__add(a, b) if type(a) == 'table' and type(b) == 'table' then m_table = m_table or load_table_module() local new_arr = array_constructor(m_table.shallowcopy(a)) for _, val in ipairs(b) do new_arr:insert(val) end return new_arr end end function Array:new(...) local arr if select("#", ...) == 1 and type((...)) == "table" then arr = ... local mt = getmetatable(arr) -- If table has been loaded with mw.loadData, copy it to avoid the -- limitations of it being a virtual table. if mt and mt.mw_loadData then m_table = m_table or load_table_module() arr = m_table.shallowcopy(arr) end else arr = { ... } end return setmetatable(arr, self) end -- Declared as local above. function array_constructor(...) return Array:new(...) end local array_generating_funcs = { from = to_array } local Array_library_mt = { __call = Array.new, __index = array_generating_funcs } setmetatable(Array, Array_library_mt) function Array_library_mt:__index(key) key = underscore_to_camel_case(key) key = alias_of[key] or key if array_generating_funcs[key] then return array_generating_funcs[key] end m_table = m_table or load_table_module() if m_table.contains(create_new_array, key) then local func = create_array_generating_func(key, m_table, "table") array_generating_funcs[key] = func return func end end return Array 6uk6poddb11pklvvpqs8avhncr5nygu 828 9987 35609 2026-07-09T11:21:08Z Avimaarak 3578 '<!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Based on [[wikt:Module:array|Module:array]] on English Wiktionary. See there for more information. Formerly used the submodule [[Module:Array/table]], which was a copy of [[wikt:Module:table|Module:table]] on English Wiktionary, but this was deleted because it was deemed too similar to [...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35609 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Based on [[wikt:Module:array|Module:array]] on English Wiktionary. See there for more information. Formerly used the submodule [[Module:Array/table]], which was a copy of [[wikt:Module:table|Module:table]] on English Wiktionary, but this was deleted because it was deemed too similar to [[Module:TableTools]]. [[Module:TableTools]] has many of the same methods, but is template-editor-protected and it is hard to keep it compatible with this module. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> 6ru97ucktqca6bjo434l9ojtk51dghb 828 9988 35610 2026-07-09T11:23:10Z Avimaarak 3578 '-- This module provides a generic exponential search algorithm. require[[strict]] local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local floor = math.floor local function midPoint(lower, upper) return floor(lower + (upper - lower) / 2) end local function search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) if testFunc(i) then if i + 1 == upper then return i end lower = i if upper then i = midPoint(lower, upper) el...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35610 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides a generic exponential search algorithm. require[[strict]] local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local floor = math.floor local function midPoint(lower, upper) return floor(lower + (upper - lower) / 2) end local function search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) if testFunc(i) then if i + 1 == upper then return i end lower = i if upper then i = midPoint(lower, upper) else i = i * 2 end return search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) else upper = i i = midPoint(lower, upper) return search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) end end return function (testFunc, init) checkType('Exponential search', 1, testFunc, 'function') checkType('Exponential search', 2, init, 'number', true) if init and (init < 1 or init ~= floor(init) or init == math.huge) then error(string.format( "invalid init value '%s' detected in argument #2 to " .. "'Exponential search' (init value must be a positive integer)", tostring(init) ), 2) end init = init or 2 if not testFunc(1) then return nil end return search(testFunc, init, 1, nil) end jqqi8l27tb73lglksbukg2g3bzt3fmv 828 9989 35611 2026-07-09T11:23:44Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{high use}} This module provides a generic [[exponential search]] algorithm. This kind of search can be useful when you want to find a key in some kind of sorted array, and you want to do it by checking as few array elements as possible. This could include situations like: * Finding the highest archive number in a set of archives without checking whether they all exist. * Finding the number of positional arguments in...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{high use}} This module provides a generic [[exponential search]] algorithm. This kind of search can be useful when you want to find a key in some kind of sorted array, and you want to do it by checking as few array elements as possible. This could include situations like: * Finding the highest archive number in a set of archives without checking whether they all exist. * Finding the number of positional arguments in frame.args without having to expand the wikitext for each of them. You shouldn't use this module if any of the following apply: # You can use the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Length operator|Lua length operator]] to find what you need. # Your array has any gaps in it. (In other words, any of the items before the final item is <code>nil</code>, e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>{'foo', 'bar', nil, 'baz'}</syntaxhighlight>.) If you try and use this module on a sparse array, you might get an erroneous value. # Your array has fewer than about 10 items. It's possible to use this module for those arrays, but you will access most of the array elements anyway (perhaps some of them twice), and your code will be more complicated than if you just used a for loop. == Usage == First, load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local expSearch = require('Module:Exponential search') </syntaxhighlight> You can then use the expSearch function with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> expSearch(testFunc, init) </syntaxhighlight> Parameters: * <var>testFunc</var> - a test function for your array. This function should take a positive integer <var>i</var> as its first parameter. If the element corresponding to <var>i</var> is not in the array, then the function should return false or nil; and if it ''is'' in the array, then the function should return a truthy value (anything other than false or nil). (required) * <var>init</var> - the initial value of <var>i</var> to check. For advanced users. (optional) expSearch will return the highest value of <var>i</var> for which testFunc was truthy. If no values were truthy, the function will return nil. == Examples == === Jimbo's talk archives === [[User talk:Jimbo Wales]] has archives at [[User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive 1]], [[User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive 2]], ... To find the highest archive number, you would use code like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local expSearch = require('Module:Exponential search') local highestArchive = expSearch(function (i) local archive = 'User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive ' .. i return mw.title.new(archive).exists end) </syntaxhighlight> === Village pump archives === [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)]] has old archives at [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive A]], [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive B]], etc. After they go through to Archive Z, the next archive is Archive AA. Although these archives aren't being updated anymore, as a demonstration we can find the highest one using this module; all we need is a function that converts from an integer to the corresponding archive name. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local expSearch = require('Module:Exponential search') local function integerToAlpha(i) -- This function converts 1 to A, 2 to B, ... 26 to Z, 27 to AA, ... local ret = '' while i > 0 do local rem = i % 26 if rem == 0 then rem = 26 end local char = string.char(rem + 64) -- the "rem"th letter of the alphabet ret = char .. ret i = (i - rem) / 26 end return ret end local function integerToArchive(i) return 'Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive ' .. integerToAlpha(i) end local highestInteger = expSearch(function (i) local archive = integerToArchive(i) return mw.title.new(archive).exists end) local highestArchive = integerToArchive(highestInteger) </syntaxhighlight> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> 9hnsjwhicr9i9h78b9gf1lfwv36hf9r 828 9990 35612 2026-07-09T11:27:28Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{High-use|no-percent=yes}} {{Language templates}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Lang/configuration|Module:Lang/data|Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms|Module:Lang/tag from name|Module:Lang/data/is latn data|Module:Lang/langx|Module:Unicode data|Module:Yesno}} This module exists primarily to provide correct HTML markup for non–English language text where that text is used in the English Wikipedia. It has a secondary purp...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use|no-percent=yes}} {{Language templates}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:Lang/configuration|Module:Lang/data|Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms|Module:Lang/tag from name|Module:Lang/data/is latn data|Module:Lang/langx|Module:Unicode data|Module:Yesno}} This module exists primarily to provide correct HTML markup for non–English language text where that text is used in the English Wikipedia. It has a secondary purpose of providing correct visual rendering for this non-English text. The module was developed to consolidate processing for {{tlx|lang}}, {{tlx|langx}}, and {{tlx|transliteration}} templates into a single source and to use a clearly defined data set extracted from international standards. It provides error checking and reporting to ensure that the HTML rendered is correct for browsers and screen readers. Other templates that get language name support from this module are: * {{tlx|native name}} ==Data set== The data set is specified in [[Module:Lang/data]] and its included data modules: * language tag-and-name data ** [[Module:Lang/data/iana languages]] – from IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file] * language script data ** [[Module:Lang/data/iana scripts]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file * language region data ** [[Module:Lang/data/iana regions]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file * language variant data ** [[Module:Lang/data/iana variants]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file * suppressed-script data ** [[Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file The data set also includes supplementary data modules: * override and other non-standard data ** [[Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms]] – maps three character ISO 639-2, -2T, -3 codes to two character ISO 639-1 codes – from [https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages] ** [[Module:Lang/tag from name]] – reversed language tag-and-name data so that the language name is the key and the language tag is the value == Testcases == * [[Module:Lang/testcases]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases|run]]) * category_from_tag() ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 category from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 category from tag]] (A–H) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 category from tag]] (I–N) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 category from tag]] (O–Z) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override category from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override category from tag|run]]) * name_from_tag() ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 name from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 name from tag]] (A–H) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 name from tag]] (I–N) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 name from tag]] (O–Z) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override name from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override name from tag|run]]) * tag_from_name() ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 tag from name]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 tag from name]] (A–H) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 tag from name]] (I–N) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 tag from name]] (O–Z) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override tag from name]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override tag from name|run]]) ==Tracking categories== * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx template errors}} * {{Category link with count|Transliteration template errors}} * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1}} * {{Category link with count|Lang and langx using deprecated ISO 639 codes}} ==See also== MoS on foreign words: * {{Section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Foreign terms}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> oh6bcd1180dbzwckvi4hn7l5sm6byzq 828 9991 35613 2026-07-09T11:28:57Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{used in system}} {{module rating|p}} {{cascade-protected template|page=module}} {{lua|Module:Exponential search|noprotcat=yes}} This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not be called directly from #invoke. == Loading the module == To use any of the functions, first you must load the module. <syntaxhighlight l...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{module rating|p}} {{cascade-protected template|page=module}} {{lua|Module:Exponential search|noprotcat=yes}} This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not be called directly from #invoke. == Loading the module == To use any of the functions, first you must load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local TableTools = require('Module:TableTools') </syntaxhighlight> == Functions == === affixNums === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) </syntaxhighlight> Takes a table <code>''t''</code> and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the optional prefix <code>''prefix''</code> and the optional suffix <code>''suffix''</code>. For example, for the table {{code|code={a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'}|lang=lua}} and the prefix <code>'a'</code>, <code>affixNums</code> will return {{code|code={1, 3, 6}|lang=lua}}. All characters in <code>''prefix''</code> and <code>''suffix''</code> are interpreted literally. === compressSparseArray === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.compressSparseArray(t) </syntaxhighlight> Takes an array <code>''t''</code> with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with <code>ipairs</code>. Any keys that are not positive integers are removed. For example, for the table {{code|code={1, nil, foo = 'bar', 3, 2}|lang=lua}}, <code>compressSparseArray</code> will return {{code|code={1, 3, 2}|lang=lua}}. === deepCopy === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, alreadySeen) </syntaxhighlight> Creates a copy of the table <code>''orig''</code>. As with <code>mw.clone</code>, all values that are not functions are duplicated and the identity of tables is preserved. If <code>''noMetatable''</code> is <code>true</code>, then the metatable (if any) is not copied. Can copy tables loaded with <code>mw.loadData</code>. Similar to <code>mw.clone</code>, but <code>mw.clone</code> cannot copy tables loaded with <code>mw.loadData</code> and does not allow metatables <em>not</em> to be copied. === extend === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.extend(arr1, arr2) </syntaxhighlight> Extends the first array in place by appending all elements from the second array. === inArray === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">TableTools.inArray(array, searchElement) TableTools.inArray(array, searchElement, fromIndex)</syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''searchElement''</code> is a member of the array <code>''array''</code>, and <code>false</code> otherwise. Equivalent to the javascript [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/includes Array.prototype.includes()] function, except fromIndex is 1-indexed instead of zero-indexed. ==== fromIndex ==== <code>fromIndex</code> is the optional 1-based index at which to start searching. If <code>fromIndex</code> is not present, all values in the array will be searched and the array will be treated as a table/[[associative array]] (it will be iterated over using <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>pairs()</syntaxhighlight>). If <code>fromIndex</code> is present and an integer, the array is assumed to be a conventional array/sequence/list (indexed with consecutive integer keys starting at <code>1</code>, and interated over using <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>ipairs()</syntaxhighlight>). Only the values whose index is <code>fromIndex</code> or higher will be searched. In the following examples, <code>#array</code> represents the length of the integer-keyed portion of the array. * If <code>fromIndex < 0</code> it will count back from the end of the array, e.g. a value of <code>-1</code> will only search the last integer-keyed element in the array. If <code>fromIndex <= (-1 * #array)</code>, the entire integer-keyed portion of the array will be searched. * If <code>fromIndex = 0</code> it will be treated as a <code>1</code> and the entire integer-keyed portion of the array will be searched. * If <code>fromIndex > #array</code>, the array is not searched and <code>false</code> is returned. === invert === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.invert(arr) </syntaxhighlight> Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, {{code|invert{ "a", "b", "c" }|lua}} yields {{code|code={ a=1, b=2, c=3 }|lang=lua}}. === isArray === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isArray(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is a table and all keys are consecutive integers starting at 1. === isArrayLike === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isArrayLike(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is iterable and all keys are consecutive integers starting at 1. === isNan === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isNan(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is a [[NaN]] value, and <code>false</code> if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. (Lua will generate an error if a NaN value is used as a table key.) === isPositiveInteger === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isPositiveInteger(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is a positive integer, and <code>false</code> if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the hash part of a table. === keysToList === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) </syntaxhighlight> Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default comparison function or a custom <code>''keySort''</code> function, which follows the same rules as the <code>comp</code> function supplied to <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#table.sort|table.sort]]</code>. If <code>''keySort''</code> is <code>false</code>, no sorting is done. Set <code>''checked''</code> to <code>true</code> to skip the internal type checking. === length === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.length(t, prefix) </syntaxhighlight> Finds the length of an array or of a quasi-array with keys with an optional <code>''prefix''</code> such as "data1", "data2", etc. It uses an [[exponential search]] algorithm to find the length, so as to use as few table lookups as possible. This algorithm is useful for arrays that use metatables (e.g. [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame.args|frame.args]]) and for quasi-arrays. For normal arrays, just use the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Length operator|# operator]], as it is implemented in [[C (programming language)|C]] and will be quicker. === listToSet === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.listToSet(arr) </syntaxhighlight> Creates a set from the array part of the table <code>''arr''</code>. Indexing the set by any of the values of the array returns <code>true</code>. For example, {{code|listToSet{ "a", "b", "c" }|lua}} yields {{code|code={ a=true, b=true, c=true }|lang=lua}}. === merge === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.merge(...) </syntaxhighlight> Given the arrays, returns an array containing the elements of each input array in sequence. === numData === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.numData(t, compress) </syntaxhighlight> Given a table with keys like <code>"foo1"</code>, <code>"bar1"</code>, <code>"foo2"</code>, and <code>"baz2"</code>, returns a table of subtables in the format {{code|code={ [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }|lang=lua}}. Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named <code>"other"</code>. The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with <code>ipairs</code>. === numKeys === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.numKeys(t) </syntaxhighlight> Takes a table <code>''t''</code> and returns an array containing the numbers of any positive integer keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. For example, for the table {{code|code={'foo', nil, 'bar', 'baz', a = 'b'}|lang=lua}}, <code>numKeys</code> will return {{code|code={1, 3, 4}|lang=lua}}. === removeDuplicates === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.removeDuplicates(t) </syntaxhighlight> Removes duplicate values from an array. This function is only designed to work with standard arrays: keys that are not positive integers are ignored, as are all values after the first <code>nil</code> value. (For arrays containing <code>nil</code> values, you can use <code>[[#compressSparseArray|compressSparseArray]]</code> first.) The function tries to preserve the order of the array: the earliest non-unique value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are removed. For example, for the table {{code|code={5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 2, 1}|lang=lua}} <code>removeDuplicates</code> will return {{code|code={5, 4, 3, 2, 1}|lang=lua}}. === shallowClone === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.shallowClone(t) </syntaxhighlight> Returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned table will have no metatable of its own. If you want to make a new table with no shared subtables and with metatables transferred, you can use <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.clone|mw.clone]]</code> instead. If you want to make a new table with no shared subtables and without metatables transferred, use <code>[[#deepCopy|deepCopy]]</code> with the <code>noMetatable</code> option. === size === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.size(t) </syntaxhighlight> Finds the size of a key/value pair table ([[associative array]]). For example, for {{code|code={foo = 'foo', bar = 'bar'}|lang=lua}}, <code>size</code> will return <code>2</code>. The function will also work on arrays, but for arrays it is more efficient to use the <code>#</code> operator. Note that to find the size, this function uses the <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#pairs|pairs]]</code> function to iterate through all of the keys. === sortedPairs === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sortedPairs(t, keySort) </syntaxhighlight> Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the <code>keysToList</code> function. If there are only numerical keys, <code>sparseIpairs</code> is probably more efficient. === sparseConcat === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) </syntaxhighlight> Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a positive integer, in order. For example, {{code|sparseConcat{ "a", nil, "c", "d" }|lua}} yields {{code|"acd"|lua}} and {{code|sparseConcat{ nil, "b", "c", "d" }|lua}} yields {{code|"bcd"|lua}}. === sparseIpairs === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sparseIpairs(t) </syntaxhighlight> This is an iterator function for traversing a sparse array <code>''t''</code>. It is similar to <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#ipairs|ipairs]]</code>, but will continue to iterate until the highest numerical key, whereas <code>ipairs</code> may stop after the first <code>nil</code> value. Any keys that are not positive integers are ignored. Usually <code>sparseIpairs</code> is used in a generic <code>for</code> loop. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> for i, v in TableTools.sparseIpairs(t) do -- code block end </syntaxhighlight> Note that <code>sparseIpairs</code> uses the <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#pairs|pairs]]</code> function in its implementation. Although some table keys appear to be ignored, all table keys are accessed when it is run. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Lua metamodules|TableTools]] }}</includeonly> jqudl0tprrd06wwhpp7kxt1yaenl1sr 10 9992 35615 2026-07-09T11:32:54Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Navbox | name = ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार | title = [[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९६५ - १९८० | list1 = * [[गोविन्द शंकर कुरुप]] (१९६५) * [[ताराशंकर बंधोपाध्याय]] (१९६६) * कुप्पाली वी गौड़ा...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार | title = [[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९६५ - १९८० | list1 = * [[गोविन्द शंकर कुरुप]] (१९६५) * [[ताराशंकर बंधोपाध्याय]] (१९६६) * [[कुप्पाली वी गौड़ा पुटप्पा]], [[उमाशंकर जोशी]] (१९६७) * [[सुमित्रानंदन पंत]] (१९६८) * [[फ़िराक़ गोरखपुरी]] (१९६९) * [[विश्वनाथ सत्यनारायण]] (१९७०) * [[विष्णु डे]] (१९७१) * [[रामधारी सिंह 'दिनकर']] (१९७२) * [[दत्तात्रेय रामचंद्र बेन्द्रे]], [[गोपीनाथ मोहंती]] (१९७३) * [[विष्णु सखाराम खांडेकर]] (१९७४) * [[पी॰ वी॰ अकिलानंदम]] (१९७५) * [[आशापूर्णा देवी]] (१९७६) * [[कोटा शिवराम कारन्त]] (१९७७) * [[सच्चिदानंद वात्स्यायन]] (१९७८) * [[वीरेन्द्र कुमार भट्टाचार्य]] (१९७९) * [[एस. के. पोट्टेक्काट]] (१९८०) | group2 = १९८१ - २००० | list2 = * [[अमृता प्रीतम]] (१९८१) * [[महादेवी वर्मा]] (१९८२) * [[मस्ती वेंकटेश अयंगार]] (१९८३) * [[तकाजी शिवशंकरा पिल्लै]] (१९८४) * [[पन्नालाल पटेल]] (१९८५) * [[सच्चिदानंद राउतराय]] (१९८६) * [[विष्णु वामन शिरवाडकर कुसुमाग्रज]] (१९८७) * [[सी॰ नारायण रेड्डी]] (१९८८) * [[कुर्अतुल ऐन हैदर]] (१९८९) * [[विनायक कृष्ण गोकाक]] (१९९०) * [[सुभाष मुखोपाध्याय]] (१९९१) * [[नरेश मेहता]] (१९९२) * [[सीताकांत महापात्र]] (१९९३) * [[उडुपी राजगोपालाचार्य अनंतमूर्ति]] (१९९४) * [[एम॰ टी॰ वासुदेव नायर]] (१९९५) * [[महाश्वेता देवी]] (१९९६) * [[अली सरदार जाफरी]] (१९९७) * [[गिरीश कर्नाड]] (१९९८) * [[गुरदयाल सिंह]], [[निर्मल वर्मा]] (१९९९) * [[इंदिरा रायसम गोस्वामी]] (२०००) | group3 = २००१ - वर्तमान | list3 = * [[राजेन्द्र शाह]] (२००१) * [[दण्डपाणि जयकान्तन]] (२००२) * [[गोविन्द विनायक करंदीकर]] (२००३) * [[रहमान राही]] (२००४) * [[कुँवर नारायण]] (२००५) * [[रवीन्द्र केलकर]], [[सत्यव्रत शास्त्री]] (२००६) * [[ओ॰ ऍन॰ वी॰ कुरुप]] (२००७) * [[अख़लाक़ मुहम्मद ख़ान 'शहरयार']] (२००८) * [[अमर कान्त]], [[श्रीलाल शुक्ल]] (२००९) * [[चन्द्रशेखर कम्बार]] (२०१०) * [[प्रतिभा राय]] (२०११) * [[रावुरी भारद्वाज]] (२०१२) * [[केदारनाथ सिंह]] (२०१३) * [[भालचंद्र नेमाडे]] (२०१४) * [[रघुवीर चौधरी]] (२०१५) * [[शंख घोष]] (२०१६) * [[कृष्णा सोबती]] (२०१७) * [[अमिताभ घोष]] (२०१८) * [[अक्कितम]] (२०१९) * [[नीलमणि फूकन (कनिष्ठ)|नीलमणि फूकन]] (२०२०) * [[दामोदर माऊज़ो]] (२०२२) * [[रामभद्राचार्य]] एवं [[गुलज़ार (गीतकार)|गुलज़ार]] संयुक्त रूप से, (२०२३) * [[विनोद कुमार शुक्ल]] (२०२४) }}<noinclude> [[श्रेणी:नैविगेशनल सन्दूक]] </noinclude> tl1bgbaj569le30w8xb3a3fd4e044sl 35619 35615 2026-07-09T11:39:14Z Avimaarak 3578 35619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार | title = [[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९६५ - १९८० | list1 = * [[गोविन्द शंकर कुरुप]] (१९६५) * [[ताराशंकर बंधोपाध्याय]] (१९६६) * [[कुप्पाली वी गौड़ा पुटप्पा]], [[उमाशंकर जोशी]] (१९६७) * [[सुमित्रानंदन पंत]] (१९६८) * [[फ़िराक़ गोरखपुरी]] (१९६९) * [[विश्वनाथ सत्यनारायण]] (१९७०) * [[विष्णु डे]] (१९७१) * [[रामधारी सिंह 'दिनकर']] (१९७२) * [[दत्तात्रेय रामचंद्र बेन्द्रे]], [[गोपीनाथ मोहंती]] (१९७३) * [[विष्णु सखाराम खांडेकर]] (१९७४) * [[पी॰ वी॰ अकिलानंदम]] (१९७५) * [[आशापूर्णा देवी]] (१९७६) * [[कोटा शिवराम कारन्त]] (१९७७) * [[सच्चिदानंद वात्स्यायन]] (१९७८) * [[वीरेन्द्र कुमार भट्टाचार्य]] (१९७९) * [[एस. के. पोट्टेक्काट]] (१९८०) | group2 = १९८१ - २००० | list2 = * [[अमृता प्रीतम]] (१९८१) * [[महादेवी वर्मा]] (१९८२) * [[मस्ती वेंकटेश अयंगार]] (१९८३) * [[तकाजी शिवशंकरा पिल्लै]] (१९८४) * [[पन्नालाल पटेल]] (१९८५) * [[सच्चिदानंद राउतराय]] (१९८६) * [[विष्णु वामन शिरवाडकर कुसुमाग्रज]] (१९८७) * [[सी॰ नारायण रेड्डी]] (१९८८) * [[कुर्अतुल ऐन हैदर]] (१९८९) * [[विनायक कृष्ण गोकाक]] (१९९०) * [[सुभाष मुखोपाध्याय]] (१९९१) * [[नरेश मेहता]] (१९९२) * [[सीताकांत महापात्र]] (१९९३) * [[उडुपी राजगोपालाचार्य अनंतमूर्ति]] (१९९४) * [[एम॰ टी॰ वासुदेव नायर]] (१९९५) * [[महाश्वेता देवी]] (१९९६) * [[अली सरदार जाफरी]] (१९९७) * [[गिरीश कर्नाड]] (१९९८) * [[गुरदयाल सिंह]], [[निर्मल वर्मा]] (१९९९) * [[इंदिरा रायसम गोस्वामी]] (२०००) | group3 = २००१ - वर्तमान | list3 = * [[राजेन्द्र शाह]] (२००१) * [[दण्डपाणि जयकान्तन]] (२००२) * [[गोविन्द विनायक करंदीकर]] (२००३) * [[रहमान राही]] (२००४) * [[कुँवर नारायण]] (२००५) * [[रवीन्द्र केलकर]], [[सत्यव्रत शास्त्री]] (२००६) * [[ओ॰ ऍन॰ वी॰ कुरुप]] (२००७) * [[अख़लाक़ मुहम्मद ख़ान 'शहरयार']] (२००८) * [[अमर कान्त]], [[श्रीलाल शुक्ल]] (२००९) * [[चन्द्रशेखर कम्बार]] (२०१०) * [[प्रतिभा राय]] (२०११) * [[रावुरी भारद्वाज]] (२०१२) * [[केदारनाथ सिंह]] (२०१३) * [[भालचंद्र नेमाडे]] (२०१४) * [[रघुवीर चौधरी]] (२०१५) * [[संख घोष]] (२०१६) * [[कृष्णा सोबती]] (२०१७) * [[अमिताभ घोष]] (२०१८) * [[अक्कितम]] (२०१९) * [[नीलमणि फूकन (कनिष्ठ)|नीलमणि फूकन]] (२०२०) * [[दामोदर माऊज़ो]] (२०२२) * [[रामभद्राचार्य]] एवं [[गुलज़ार (गीतकार)|गुलज़ार]] संयुक्त रूप से, (२०२३) * [[विनोद कुमार शुक्ल]] (२०२४) }}<noinclude> [[श्रेणी:नैविगेशनल सन्दूक]] </noinclude> csff6wwnpphvxqw6kcatptemkmuinl9 10 9993 35616 2026-07-09T11:35:40Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Navbox | name = सरस्वती सम्मान | titlestyle = | groupstyle = | belowstyle = | title = [[सरस्वती सम्मान]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९९१ - १९९९ | list1 = * [[हरिवंश राय बच्चन]] (१९९१) * [[रमाकांत रथ]] (१९९२) * विजय ते...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = सरस्वती सम्मान | titlestyle = | groupstyle = | belowstyle = | title = [[सरस्वती सम्मान]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९९१ - १९९९ | list1 = * [[हरिवंश राय बच्चन]] (१९९१) * [[रमाकांत रथ]] (१९९२) * [[विजय तेंडुलकर]] (१९९३) * [[हरिभजन सिंह]] (१९९४) * [[नालापत बालमणि अम्मा]] (१९९५) * [[शम्सुर्रहमान फारुकी]] (१९९६) * [[मनुभाई पाँचोली]] (१९९७) * [[शंख घोष]] (१९९८) * [[इंदिरा पार्थसारथी]] (१९९९) | group2 = २००० - २००९ | list2 = * [[मनोज दास]] (२०००) * [[दलीप कौर टिवाणा]] (२००१) * [[महेश एलकुंचवार]] (२००२) * [[गोविन्द चन्द्र पाण्डे]] (२००३) * [[सुनील गंगोपाध्याय]] (२००४) * [[के॰ अय्यप्प पणिक्कर]] (२००५) * [[जगन्नाथ प्रसाद दास]] (२००६) * [[नैयर मसूद]] (२००७) * [[लक्ष्मीनंदन बोरा]] (२००८) * [[सुरजीत पातर]] (२००९) | group3 = २०१० - वर्तमान | list3 = * [[एस. एल. भैरप्प]] (२०१०) * [[A. A. Manavalan]] (२०११) * [[सुगत कुमारी]] (२०१२) * [[गोविन्द मिश्र]] (२०१३) * [[एम॰ वीरप्पा मोइली]] (२०१४) * [[पद्मा सचदेव]] (२०१५) * [[महाबलेश्वर सैल]] (२०१६) }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Indian awards templates|S]] [[श्रेणी:नैविगेशनल सन्दूक]] </noinclude> 784ljecz79mzez5qly1hnnzvbbqay89 35617 35616 2026-07-09T11:36:45Z Avimaarak 3578 35617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = सरस्वती सम्मान | titlestyle = | groupstyle = | belowstyle = | title = [[सरस्वती सम्मान]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९९१ - १९९९ | list1 = * [[हरिवंश राय बच्चन]] (१९९१) * [[रमाकांत रथ]] (१९९२) * [[विजय तेंडुलकर]] (१९९३) * [[हरिभजन सिंह]] (१९९४) * [[नालापत बालमणि अम्मा]] (१९९५) * [[शम्सुर्रहमान फारुकी]] (१९९६) * [[मनुभाई पाँचोली]] (१९९७) * [[शंख घोष]] (१९९८) * [[इंदिरा पार्थसारथी]] (१९९९) | group2 = २००० - २००९ | list2 = * [[मनोज दास]] (२०००) * [[दलीप कौर टिवाणा]] (२००१) * [[महेश एलकुंचवार]] (२००२) * [[गोविन्द चन्द्र पाण्डे]] (२००३) * [[सुनील गंगोपाध्याय]] (२००४) * [[के॰ अय्यप्प पणिक्कर]] (२००५) * [[जगन्नाथ प्रसाद दास]] (२००६) * [[नैयर मसूद]] (२००७) * [[लक्ष्मीनंदन बोरा]] (२००८) * [[सुरजीत पातर]] (२००९) | group3 = २०१० - वर्तमान | list3 = * [[एस. एल. भैरप्पा]] (२०१०) * [[A. A. Manavalan]] (२०११) * [[सुगत कुमारी]] (२०१२) * [[गोविन्द मिश्र]] (२०१३) * [[एम॰ वीरप्पा मोइली]] (२०१४) * [[पद्मा सचदेव]] (२०१५) * [[महाबलेश्वर सैल]] (२०१६) }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Indian awards templates|S]] [[श्रेणी:नैविगेशनल सन्दूक]] </noinclude> fak1m19we37a5mcw1lzrhrj73r77agp 35618 35617 2026-07-09T11:37:17Z Avimaarak 3578 35618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = सरस्वती सम्मान | titlestyle = | groupstyle = | belowstyle = | title = [[सरस्वती सम्मान]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist | group1 = १९९१ - १९९९ | list1 = * [[हरिवंश राय बच्चन]] (१९९१) * [[रमाकांत रथ]] (१९९२) * [[विजय तेंडुलकर]] (१९९३) * [[हरिभजन सिंह]] (१९९४) * [[नालापत बालमणि अम्मा]] (१९९५) * [[शम्सुर्रहमान फारुकी]] (१९९६) * [[मनुभाई पाँचोली]] (१९९७) * [[संख घोष]] (१९९८) * [[इंदिरा पार्थसारथी]] (१९९९) | group2 = २००० - २००९ | list2 = * [[मनोज दास]] (२०००) * [[दलीप कौर टिवाणा]] (२००१) * [[महेश एलकुंचवार]] (२००२) * [[गोविन्द चन्द्र पाण्डे]] (२००३) * [[सुनील गंगोपाध्याय]] (२००४) * [[के॰ अय्यप्प पणिक्कर]] (२००५) * [[जगन्नाथ प्रसाद दास]] (२००६) * [[नैयर मसूद]] (२००७) * [[लक्ष्मीनंदन बोरा]] (२००८) * [[सुरजीत पातर]] (२००९) | group3 = २०१० - वर्तमान | list3 = * [[एस. एल. भैरप्पा]] (२०१०) * [[A. A. Manavalan]] (२०११) * [[सुगत कुमारी]] (२०१२) * [[गोविन्द मिश्र]] (२०१३) * [[एम॰ वीरप्पा मोइली]] (२०१४) * [[पद्मा सचदेव]] (२०१५) * [[महाबलेश्वर सैल]] (२०१६) }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Indian awards templates|S]] [[श्रेणी:नैविगेशनल सन्दूक]] </noinclude> rz8rf1jmv8c7vvcpe8o6ew1r2dr6lwi 10 9994 35620 2026-07-09T11:43:47Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Navbox |name = Padma Bhushan Award recipients 2010–2019 |title = [[पद्म भूषण]] पुरस्कार प्राप्तकर्ता (2010–2019) |state = {{{state|<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 2010 |list1 = * [[सत्य पॉल अग्रवाल]] * मोहम्मद अमीन (इतिहासकार)|मोहम्मद...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Padma Bhushan Award recipients 2010–2019 |title = [[पद्म भूषण]] पुरस्कार प्राप्तकर्ता (2010–2019) |state = {{{state|<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 2010 |list1 = * [[सत्य पॉल अग्रवाल]] * [[मोहम्मद अमीन (इतिहासकार)|मोहम्मद अमीन]] * [[शैलेश कुमार बंदोपाध्याय]] * [[एम. एस. बंगा]] * [[अनिल बोर्डिया]] * [[बिपिन चंद्र]] * [[बी. के. चतुर्वेदी]] * [[संत सिंह चटवाल]] * [[जी. पी. चोपड़ा]] * [[तन चुंग]] * [[मधुसूदन ढाकी]] * [[पी. आर. दुभाषी]] * [[पुट्टराज गवई]] * [[बी. एम. हेगड़े|बेले मोनाप्पा हेगड़े]] * [[इलयराजा]] * [[जगदीश चंद्र कपूर]] * [[श्रीनिवास खाले]] * [[आमिर ख़ान]] * [[सुल्तान ख़ान (संगीतकार)|सुल्तान ख़ान]] * [[राम कुमार (कलाकार)|राम कुमार]] * [[कुमुदिनी लाखिया]] * [[कुजूर नारायण मारार]] * [[छन्नूलाल मिश्र]] * [[ई. टी. नारायणन मूस|इलेदथ थैकट्टू नारायणन मूस]] * [[सी. पी. कृष्णन नायर]] * [[एस. पी. ओसवाल]] * [[अकबर पदमसी]] * [[रमाकांत पांडा]] * [[बालासाहेब विखे पाटिल]] * [[आरोग्यस्वामी पॉलराज]] * [[ए. आर. रहमान]] * [[मूसा रज़ा]] * [[मल्लिका साराभाई]] * [[नूकला चिन्ना सत्यनारायण]] * [[अभिजीत सेन]] * [[सत्यव्रत शास्त्री]] * [[नोशीर एम. श्रॉफ]] * [[कुशाल पाल सिंह]] * [[बिकाश सिन्हा]] * [[बालगंगाधरनाथ स्वामीजी]] * [[नारायणन वाघुल]] * [[पी. के. वारियर]] * [[फरीद ज़कारिया]] |group2 = 2011 |list2 = * [[एस. पी. बालसुब्रमण्यम]] * [[राजश्री बिड़ला]] * [[एम. एन. बुच]] * [[सी. वी. चंद्रशेखर]] * [[अजय चौधरी]] * [[योगेश चंद्र देवेश्वर]] * [[सत्यदेव दुबे]] * [[टी. जे. एस. जॉर्ज]] * [[संख घोष]] * [[क्रिस गोपालकृष्णन]] * [[केकी बायरामजी ग्रांट]] * [[शशि कपूर]] * [[कृशेन खन्ना]] * [[मोहम्मद ज़हूर खय्याम|खय्याम]] * [[चंदा कोचर]] * [[द्विजेन मुखोपाध्याय]] * [[मादावूर वासुदेवन नायर]] * [[रामदास पाई]] * [[दशरथ पटेल]] * [[राजेन्द्र सिंह पवार]] * [[एस. रामचंद्रन (वैज्ञानिक)|सूर्यनारायणन रामचंद्रन]] * [[शोभना रानाडे]] * [[जी. वी. कृष्ण रेड्डी|गुनुपति वेंकट कृष्ण रेड्डी]] * [[कल्लाम अंजी रेड्डी]] * [[वहीदा रहमान]] * [[श्याम सरन]] * [[अनलजीत सिंह]] * [[अर्पिता सिंह]] * [[सुरेंद्र सिंह (कैबिनेट सचिव)|सुरेंद्र सिंह]] * [[आर. के. श्रीकंतन]] * [[राघवन थिरुमुलपाद]] |group3 = 2012 |list3 = * [[सुरेश एच. आडवाणी]] * [[शबाना आज़मी]] * [[होमी के. भाभा]] * [[शशिकुमार चित्रे]] * [[खालिद चौधरी]] * [[जतिन दास (चित्रकार)|जतिन दास]] * [[विद्या देहजिया]] * [[धर्मेंद्र]] * [[एस. एन. गोयनका]] * [[एम. एस. गोपालकृष्णन]] * [[टी. वी. गोपालकृष्णन]] * [[बुद्धदेव दास गुप्ता]] * [[सुनील जनाह]] * [[अनीश कपूर]] * [[एस. बी. मजूमदार]] * [[बी. मुथुरामन]] * [[मीरा नायर]] * [[अरविंद पनगढ़िया]] * [[जोस परेरा (विद्वान)|जोस परेरा]] * [[माता प्रसाद]] * [[एम. एस. रघुनाथन]] * [[पी. चंद्रशेखर राव]] * [[रोनेन सेन]] * [[देवी शेट्टी]] * [[एम. वी. सुब्बैया]] * [[एन. विट्टल]] * [[एन. एच. वाडिया]] * [[जॉर्ज यो]] |group4 = 2013 |list4 = * [[सत्य एन. अट्लूरी]] * [[महाराज किशन भान]] * [[जसपाल भट्टी]] * [[राहुल द्रविड़]] * [[आदि गोदरेज]] * [[अब्दुल रशीद ख़ान]] * [[राजेश खन्ना]] * [[मैरी कॉम]] * [[नंदकिशोर शामराव लाड]] * [[मंगेश पाडगांवकर]] * [[हेमेंद्र सिंह पंवार]] * [[जोगेश पति]] * [[शिवाजीराव गिरधर पाटिल]] * [[ए. सिवाथानु पिल्लई]] * [[डी. रामानायडू]] * [[कनक रेले]] * [[वी. के. सारस्वत]] * [[अशोक सेन]] * [[गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पिवाक]] * [[बी. एन. सुरेश]] * [[शर्मिला टैगोर]] * [[आर. त्यागराजन (उद्योगपति)|राममूर्ति त्यागराजन]] * [[सरोजा वैद्यनाथन]] |group5 = 2014 |list5 = * [[अनिसुज्जामन]] * [[मृत्युंजय आथरेया]] * [[पद्मनाभन बलराम]] * [[दलवीर भंडारी]] * [[रस्किन बॉण्ड]] * [[अनीता देसाई]] * [[पुलेला गोपीचंद]] * [[कमल हासन]] * [[ज्येष्ठराज जोशी]] * [[वी. एन. कौल]] * [[नीलम क्लेर]] * [[एम. महादेवप्पा]] * [[लिएंडर पेस]] * [[कोप्पिलिल राधाकृष्णन]] * [[अनुमोलु रामकृष्ण]] * [[थिरुमलाईचारी रामासामी]] * [[लॉयड रुडोल्फ]] * [[सुज़ैन होबर रुडोल्फ]] * [[विनोद प्रकाश शर्मा]] * [[गुलाम मोहम्मद शेख]] * [[परवीन सुल्ताना]] * [[धीरभाई ठाकर]] * [[वैरामुथु]] * [[जे. एस. वर्मा]] * [[टी. एच. विनायकराम]] |group6 = 2015 |list6 = * [[जाह्नू बरुआ]] * [[मंजुल भार्गव]] * [[विजय पी. भटकर]] * [[स्वपन दासगुप्ता]] * [[डेविड फ्रॉली]] * [[बिल गेट्स]] * [[मेलिंडा फ्रेंच गेट्स]] * [[स्वामी सत्यमित्रानंद]] * [[एन. गोपालस्वामी]] * [[सुभाष सी. कश्यप]] * [[गोकुलोत्सवजी महाराज]] * [[साइचिरो मिसुमी]] * [[अम्बरीश मिथल]] * [[सुधा रघुनाथन]] * [[हरीश साल्वे]] * [[अशोक सेठ]] * [[रजत शर्मा]] * [[सतपाल सिंह]] * [[शिवकुमार स्वामी]] * [[खड्ग सिंह वल्दिया]] |group7 = 2016 |list7 = * [[आर. सी. भार्गव|रविंद्र चंद्र भार्गव]] * [[रॉबर्ट डी. ब्लैकविल]] * [[हाफ़ीज़ कांट्रेक्टर]] * [[इन्दु जैन]] * [[हेइसनाम कन्हाईलाल]] * [[अनुपम खेर]] * [[सानिया मिर्ज़ा]] * [[पल्लोनजी मिस्त्री]] * [[उदित नारायण]] * [[साइना नेहवाल]] * [[यार्लागड्डा लक्ष्मी प्रसाद]] * [[विनोद राय]] * [[एन. एस. रामानुज ताताचार्य]] * [[ए. वी. रामा राव]] * [[डी. नागेश्वर रेड्डी]] * [[दयानन्द सरस्वती (आर्ष विद्या)|दयानन्द सरस्वती]] * [[बरजिंदर सिंह हमदर्द]] * [[राम वी. सुतार]] * [[तेजोमयानन्द]] |group8 = 2017 |list8 = * [[विश्व मोहन भट्ट]] * [[देवीप्रसाद द्विवेदी]] * [[रत्नसुंदरसूरी]] * [[निरंजनानन्द सरस्वती]] * [[चो रामास्वामी]] * [[सिरिनधोर्न|महा चक्री सिरिनधोर्न]] * [[तेहमटन इराच उदवाड़िया]] |group9 = 2018 |list9 = * [[पंकज आडवाणी (बिलियर्ड्स खिलाड़ी)|पंकज आडवाणी]] * [[फिलिपोस मार क्रिसोस्टम मार थोमा|फिलिपोस मार क्रिसोस्टम]] * [[एम. एस. धोनी|महेन्द्र सिंह धोनी]] * [[अलेक्जेंडर कदाकिन]] * [[आर. नागस्वामी|रामचंद्रन नागस्वामी]] * [[लक्ष्मण पाई]] * [[अरविंद पारीख]] * [[शारदा सिन्हा]] |group10 = 2019 |list10 = * [[जॉन टी. चैम्बर्स]] * [[सुखदेव सिंह ढींडसा]] * [[प्रवीण गोर्धन]] * [[धरमपाल गुलाटी]] * [[दर्शन लाल जैन]] * [[अशोक लक्ष्मणराव कुकड़े]] * [[करिया मुंडा]] * [[बुधादित्य मुखर्जी]] * [[मोहनलाल]] * [[नम्बी नारायणन]] * [[कुलदीप नैयर]] * [[बछेंद्री पाल]] * [[वी. के. शुंगलू]] * [[हुक्मदेव नारायण यादव]] |belowclass=hlist |below={{Padma Bhushan Awards footer}} }}<noinclude> {{navbox documentation}} [[Category:Indian awards navigational boxes]] </noinclude> kluhqkw38s1a93btt8oec7dg05q3dmn 10 9995 35621 2026-07-09T11:44:38Z Avimaarak 3578 '<div style="border: 2px dashed #666666;"><div style="margin: 3em;"><onlyinclude>{{documentation | 1 = Template:Navbox documentation | content = {{{hatnotes|}}} {{Template display|nomobile}} {{{intro|{{{2|}}}}}} This is a [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigational template]] created using {{template link|navbox}}. It can be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on pages by placing <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{{template|{{...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35621 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="border: 2px dashed #666666;"><div style="margin: 3em;"><onlyinclude>{{documentation | 1 = Template:Navbox documentation | content = {{{hatnotes|}}} {{Template display|nomobile}} {{{intro|{{{2|}}}}}} This is a [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigational template]] created using {{template link|navbox}}. It can be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on pages by placing <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{{template|{{PAGENAME}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> below the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout#Standard appendices and footers|standard article appendices]] and above [[WP:CAT|categories]]. {{#if:{{{stateless|}}}|| ==Initial visibility== {{Collapsible option|parameter_name={{{parameter_name|state}}}|default={{{1|{{{state|autocollapse}}}}}}|nobase={{{nobase|}}}}} {{Navbox visibility}} ==TemplateData== <templatedata> { "params": { "state": { "label": "State", "description": "The initial visibility of the navbox", "suggestedvalues": [ "collapsed", "expanded", "autocollapse" ], "suggested": true, "type": "string" } }, "description": "A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles." } </templatedata> }} ==Template transclusions== {{Check completeness of transclusions}} {{{3|}}} }}</onlyinclude></div></div><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage --> </noinclude> 4r6wliorrn5vdrufwjfhooc9ciswymw 10 9996 35622 2026-07-09T11:45:28Z Avimaarak 3578 '<includeonly>{{#invoke:Message box|ombox|type=notice |image={{#switch:{{{1}}}|adaptive=[[File:Different devices simple.svg|65x65px|link=|alt=]]|nomobile=[[File:Handheld devices no.svg|55px|link=|alt=]]|nodesktop=[[File:Desktop devices no.svg|55px|link=|alt=]]}} |text={{#switch:{{{1}}} | adaptive = This template is [[Adaptive web design|responsive]] and <strong>displays differently in mobile and desktop view</strong>....' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35622 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Message box|ombox|type=notice |image={{#switch:{{{1}}}|adaptive=[[File:Different devices simple.svg|65x65px|link=|alt=]]|nomobile=[[File:Handheld devices no.svg|55px|link=|alt=]]|nodesktop=[[File:Desktop devices no.svg|55px|link=|alt=]]}} |text={{#switch:{{{1}}} | adaptive = This template is [[Adaptive web design|responsive]] and <strong>displays differently in mobile and desktop view</strong>. Read the documentation for an explanation of the differences and why they exist. | nomobile = This template does ''not'' display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is <strong>desktop only</strong>. See [[Template:Navbox visibility]] for a brief explanation. | nomobile720 = This template does ''not'' display in the mobile view of Wikipedia when the window is less than 720 pixels wide. Read the documentation for an explanation. | nodesktop = This template does ''not'' display in the desktop view of Wikipedia; it is <strong>mobile only</strong>. Read the documentation for an explanation. | nomobilesidebar = This template does ''not'' display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is <strong>desktop only</strong>. Read the [[Template:Sidebar/doc|parent documentation]] for an explanation. | badmobile = This template contains coding that is not compatible with [[Help:Mobile access|mobile versions of Wikipedia]], causing display and [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|accessibility problems]]. Read the documentation for an explanation. | vector2022 = This template does not work properly in the [[Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Vector 2022]] skin. Read the documentation for an explanation. | #default = {{{1}}} }}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> egx1w755hd3mso4m0o760gw2scpmk9c 10 9997 35623 2026-07-09T11:45:51Z Avimaarak 3578 '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> The desktop and mobile browsing interfaces on Wikipedia differ substantially, and sometimes different templates are more or less suitable for a specific interface. For this reason certain templates do not display in mobile view, using the <code>clas...' कय साथे नँवा पन्ना बनावा गय 35623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> The desktop and mobile browsing interfaces on Wikipedia differ substantially, and sometimes different templates are more or less suitable for a specific interface. For this reason certain templates do not display in mobile view, using the <code>class = "nomobile"</code> :'''As of March 2017, only the <code>"nomobile"</code>-class is implemented, and <code>"nodesktop"</code> / <code>"mobileonly"</code> classes do nothing because they are not enabled in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]'''. This template does not itself control where content is displayed. It is intended only for template documentation, to explain a template's behavior in the mobile view. == Usage == === Adaptive templates === {{Template display|adaptive}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|adaptive}}</syntaxhighlight> === Desktop only templates === {{Template display|nomobile}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|nomobile}}</syntaxhighlight> === Templates that display on mobile, but not on narrow screens=== {{Template display|nomobile720}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|nomobile720}}</syntaxhighlight> === Mobile only templates (see note above) === {{Template display|nodesktop}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|nodesktop}}</syntaxhighlight> <!-- <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|mobileonly}}</syntaxhighlight> --> === Templates that display poorly or cause accessibility problems on mobile === {{Template display|badmobile}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|badmobile}}</syntaxhighlight> <!-- <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|badmobile}}</syntaxhighlight> --> ===Templates that do not work in the Vector 2022 skin=== {{Template display|vector2022}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Template display|vector2022}}</syntaxhighlight> ==Images used== * [[File:Different devices simple.svg|x22px|link=|alt=]] [[:File:Different devices simple.svg]] * [[File:Handheld devices no.svg|x22px|link=|alt=]] [[:File:Handheld devices no.svg]] * [[File:Desktop devices no.svg|x22px|link=|alt=]] [[:File:Desktop devices no.svg]] == See also == * {{tl|Navbox documentation}}, which transcludes this template <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> b3g4bn0pf3yajos2ww3s2kelwzs541c