ویکی‌پدیا azbwiki https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter مدیا اؤزل دانیشیق ایشلدن ایشلدن دانیشیغی ویکی‌پدیا ویکی‌پدیا دانیشیغی فایل فایل دانیشیغی مدیاویکی مدیاویکی دانیشیغی شابلون شابلون دانیشیغی کؤمک کؤمک دانیشیغی بؤلمه بؤلمه دانیشیغی پوْرتال پوْرتال دانیشیغی TimedText TimedText talk ماژول ماژول دانیشیغی Event Event talk 8 10419 1590543 1539664 2026-07-13T08:44:18Z Neriah 29426 update: [[m:Special:GoToComment/c-WhatamIdoing-20260609174100-Update a common gadget]] 1590543 javascript text/javascript /** * Direct imagelinks to Commons * * @source https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Direct_imagelinks_to_Commons Revision 2026-04-16 * @author Krinkle */ if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber', 0 ) >= 0 ) { mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () { mw.hook( 'wikipage.content' ).add( function ( $content ) { var uploadBaseRe = /^(https:)?\/\/upload\.wikimedia\.org\/wikipedia\/commons/; var localFileNSString = mw.config.get( 'wgFormattedNamespaces' )['6'] + ':'; var server = '(https:)?' + mw.util.escapeRegExp( mw.config.get( 'wgServer' ) ); var localBasePath = new RegExp( '^(?:' + server + ')?' + mw.util.escapeRegExp( mw.util.getUrl( localFileNSString ) ) ); var localBaseScript = new RegExp( '^(?:' + server + ')?' + mw.util.escapeRegExp( mw.util.wikiScript() + '?title=' + mw.util.wikiUrlencode( localFileNSString ) ) ); var commonsBasePath = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:'; var commonsBaseScript = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:'; $content.find( 'a.image, a.mw-file-description' ).each( function ( i ) { if ( uploadBaseRe.test( $( this ).find( 'img' ).attr( 'src' ) ) ) { this.href = this.href .replace( localBasePath, commonsBasePath ) .replace( localBaseScript, commonsBaseScript ); } } ); } ); } ); } 192pgmftuhyi1svc6rwjss41pw6euny 0 10745 1590471 1589861 2026-07-12T17:24:00Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Arabs<!-- [[WP:NOETHNICGALLERIES --> | native_name = عَرَب ({{Lang|ar-Latn|'arab}}) | native_name_lang = ar<!-- ethnolinguistic/ethnic group [[Talk:Arabs#Proposal|under discussion]] --> | population = {{Circa|450 million}} (2011 est.)<ref name="Nydell">Margaret Kleffner Nydell [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC&printsec Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times], Intercultural Press, 2005, {{ISBN|1931930252}}, page xxiii, 14</ref> | regions = [[عرب بیرلیگی]]{{فاصله|3}}430,000,000<ref>total population 450 million, [[CIA Factbook]] estimates an Arab population of 450 million, see article text.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=World Arabic Language Day {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/events/prizes-and-celebrations/celebrations/international-days/world-arabic-language-day/|website=Unesco.org|accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref> <!-- please do not soapbox - pop parameters below are for regional population counts per [[شابلون:خالق]] -->| region1 = [[برزیل]] | tablehdr = ''Significant [[Arab diaspora]] <br>(including partial ancestry)'' | pop1 = 12,000,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Arabs Love Brazil. They Are 7% of the Country.|url=http://www.brazzil.com/2004/html/articles/sep04/p118sep04.htm|publisher=Brazzil|accessdate=18 June 2017|archivedate=2010-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914205846/http://www.brazzil.com/2004/html/articles/sep04/p118sep04.htm}}</ref>{{efn|A 2008 [[IBGE]] study indicates that residents of Middle Eastern origin (Oriente médio) were distributed in the regions of Amazonas (0.3%), Paraíba (0.0%), São Paulo (0.5%), Rio Grande do Sul (0.5%), Mato Grosso (0.1%), and the Federal District (0.0%).<ref>{{cite book|title=Características étnico-raciais da população: classificações e identidades|date=2013|publisher=IBGE|isbn=9788524042447|page=127|url=http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv63405.pdf|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref>}} | region2 = [[فرانسه]] | pop2 = 6,000,000<ref name="variety.com">{{cite web|author=By |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117979837.html?categoryid=2879&cs=1 |title=French-Arabs battle stereotypes – Entertainment News, French Cinema, Media |publisher=Variety |date=29 January 2008 |accessdate=22 August 2010}}</ref> | region3 = [[اندونزی]] | pop3 = 5,000,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Hadramaut dan Para Kapiten Arab|url=https://alwishahab.wordpress.com/2009/08/20/hadramaut-dan-para-kapiten-arab/|date=20 August 2009}}</ref> | region4 = [[تورکیه]] | pop4 = 5,000,000{{efn|Including recent Syrian refugees}}<ref name=iraqisinturkey>{{cite web|url=http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/11298|title=The Iraqi Refugee Crisis and Turkey: a Legal Outlook|year=2009|last=Kaya|first=Ibrahim|website=cadmus.eui.eu|accessdate=11 May 2017|archivedate=2017-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222211824/http://cadmus.eui.eu//handle/1814/11298}}</ref><ref name=www.washingtoninstitute.org>{{cite web|title=The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Turkey|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-impact-of-syrian-refugees-on-turkey|website=Washingtoninstitute.org|accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=www.aljazeera.com>{{cite web|title=Turkey's demographic challenge|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2016/02/turkey-demographic-challenge-arabs-syria-refugees-isis-160218063810080.html|website=Aljazeera.com|accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="UNHCR-Turkey">{{cite web|url=http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id=224|title=UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response/ Turkey|author=|date=31 December 2015|work=[[UNHCR]]|accessdate=11 May 2017|archivedate=2018-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305121532/http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id=224}}</ref> | region5 = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] | pop5 = 3,500,000<ref name="The Arab American Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |title=The Arab American Institute |publisher=Aaiusa.org |accessdate=17 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601221810/http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |archivedate=1 June 2006 |df=dmy }}</ref> | region6 = [[آرژانتین]] | pop6 = 1,300,000–3,500,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Inmigración sirio-libanesa en Argentina |url=http://www.fearab.org.ar:80/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |dead-url=yes |archive-date=20 June 2010 |date=20 June 2010 |df= |accessdate=2018-07-23 |archivedate=2010-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php }}</ref> | region7 = [[ايسرائيل]] (native) | pop7 = 1,700,000<ref name="arab-colpal">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/hodaot2013n/11_13_097e.pdf|format=PDF|title=65th Independence Day - More than 8 Million Residents in the State of Israel |website=Cbs.gov.il|accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref> | region9 = [[ونزوئلا]] | pop9 = 1,600,000<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|last1=Margolis|first1=Mac|title=Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/abdel-el-zabayar-from-parliament-to-the-frontlines.html|website=The Daily Beast|date=15 September 2013}}</ref> | region10 = [[کولومبیا]] | pop10 = 1,500,000<ref name="Las mil y una historias">{{cite web|title= Las mil y una historias|url= http://www.semana.com/especiales/articulo/las-mil-historias/68653-3|publisher= semana.com|year= 2004|language= Spanish}}There is an estimated population of 1,500,000 Arabs in Colombia.</ref> | region11 = [[ایران]] (native) | pop11 = 1,500,000<ref name="Iran">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |title=Iran |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |archivedate=3 February 2012 |accessdate=3 August 2013 |df= }}</ref> | region12 = [[چاد]] (native) | pop12 = 1,493,410<ref name="chad">{{cite web |url=http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |title=Chad |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424020620/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |archivedate=24 April 2013 |accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref> | region13 = Mexico | pop13 = 1,100,000<ref name="Ben Cahoon">{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mexico.htm |title=World Statesmen.org |publisher=World Statesmen.org |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> | region14 = Germany | pop14 = 1,000,000+<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediendienst-integration.de/migration/flucht-asyl/syrische-fluechtlinge.html|title=Syrische Flüchtlinge|author=Mediendienst Integration|date=|work=|accessdate=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Men of Arab descent not finding Germany as welcoming as they used to|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2016-01-13/men-arab-descent-not-finding-germany-welcoming-they-used|website=Public Radio International|accessdate=2018-07-23|archivedate=2017-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010101016/https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-01-13/men-arab-descent-not-finding-germany-welcoming-they-used}}</ref> | region15 = Greece | pop15 = | region16 = Chile | pop16 = 700,000<ref name="aurora-israel.co.il">{{es icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100610201209/http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe.]</ref> | region17 = Italy | pop17 = 680,000<ref name=ISTAT>{{cite web|last1=Dati ISTAT 2016|first1=counting only immigrants from the [[Arab world]]|title=Cittadini stranieri in Italia – 2016|url=http://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2016/|website=tuttitalia.it}}</ref> | region18 = United Kingdom | pop18 = 366,769<ref name="Naba11">{{cite web|title=REPORT ON THE 2011 CENSUS – MAY 2013 – Arabs and Arab League Population in the UK |url=http://naba.org.uk/library/reports/census_2011.html |publisher=National Association of British Arabs |accessdate=25 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529130456/http://naba.org.uk/library/reports/census_2011.html |archivedate=29 May 2014 }}</ref> | region19 = Canada | pop19 = 380,620 ([[Canada 2011 Census|2011 Census]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |author=[[Statistics Canada]] |accessdate=11 February 2014}}</ref> | region20 = Netherlands | pop20 = 180,000<ref>{{قایناق۱|url=http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf|title=Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht|periodical=Utrecht University|date=10 September 2010|accessdate=29 November 2010|archive-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228151603/http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | region21 = Australia | pop21 = 350,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf |title=Monash University Research Repository |publisher= |accessdate=24 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719124226/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf |archivedate=19 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> | region22 = Ecuador | pop22 = 100,000–250,000<ref>{{cite web|title=revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ANQE/article/viewFile/ANQE9797110057A/3864|df= }}</ref> | region23 = Honduras | pop23 = 150,000–200,000<ref>{{cite web|author=Larry Luxner|url=http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200104/the.arabs.of.honduras.htm|title=The Arabs of Honduras|publisher=Saudi Aramco World|date=2001|accessdate=11 February 2016}}</ref> | region25 = [http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 Kister, M.J. "Ķuāḍa." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 10 April 2008]: "The name is an early one and can be traced in fragments of the old Arab poetry. The tribes recorded as Ķuḍā'ī were: Kalb [q.v.], Djuhayna, Balī, Bahrā' [q.v.], Khawlān [q.v.], Mahra, Khushayn, Djarm, 'Udhra [q.v.], Balkayn [see al-Kayn ], Tanūkh [q.v.] and Salīh".<ref>Serge D. Elie, [http://cy.revues.org/document186.html "Hadiboh: From Peripheral Village to Emerging City"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509095925/http://cy.revues.org/document186.html |date=2008-05-09 }}, ''Chroniques Yéménites'': "In the middle, were the Arabs who originated from different parts of the mainland (e.g., prominent Mahrî tribes10, and individuals from Hadramawt, and Aden)". Footnote 10: "Their neighbors in the West scarcely regarded them as Arabs, though they themselves consider they are of the pure stock of Himyar."</ref> [[فرانسه دیلی]], [[اینگیلیس دیلی]], [[عبری دیلی]], [[Razihi language|Razihi]] | languages = [[عرب دیلی]] | rels = Predominantly: [[ایسلام]]<br /> ([[سونیلر]]{{·}}[[شیعه]]{{·}}[[صوفی‌لیک]]{{·}}[[اباضیه]]{{·}}[[Alawite]])<br /> Sizable minority: [[مسیحیت]]<br /> ([[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]]{{·}}[[Greek Catholic]])<br /> Smaller minority: Other monotheistic religions ([[Druze]]{{·}}[[بهایی‌لیک]])<br /> Historically: [[Arabian mythology]] | related = Other [[آفروآسیا دیللری]], especially [[Semitic people]]s such as [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] and [[یهودیلر]]<ref name="evolutsioon">{{cite journal|pmid=15300852|url=http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Shen2004.pdf|year=2004|last1=Shen|first1=P|last2=Lavi|first2=T|last3=Kivisild|first3=T|last4=Chou|first4=V|last5=Sengun|first5=D|last6=Gefel|first6=D|last7=Shpirer|first7=I|last8=Woolf|first8=E|last9=Hillel|first9=J|title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation|volume=24|issue=3|pages=248–60|doi=10.1002/humu.20077|journal=Human Mutation|access-date=2018-07-23|archive-date=2013-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508024921/http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Shen2004.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity|first= Nicholas|last= Wade|date=9 June 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10jews.html?_r=0|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004390000426|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Nebel-HG-00-IPArabs.pdf|title=High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews|year=2000|last1=Nebel|first1=Almut|last2=Filon|first2=Dvora|last3=Weiss|first3=Deborah A.|last4=Weale|first4=Michael|last5=Faerman|first5=Marina|last6=Oppenheim|first6=Ariella|last7=Thomas|first7=Mark G.|journal=Human Genetics|volume=107|issue=6|pages=630–41|pmid=11153918|access-date=2018-07-23|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224213531/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Nebel-HG-00-IPArabs.pdf%20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sciencedaily">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/05/000509003653.htm |title=Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=9 May 2000 |access-date=12 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="Abraham 2010">{{cite journal|pmc=3032072|year=2010|last1=Atzmon|first1=G|last2=Hao|first2=L|last3=Pe'Er|first3=I|last4=Velez|first4=C|last5=Pearlman|first5=A|last6=Palamara|first6=PF|last7=Morrow|first7=B|last8=Friedman|first8=E|last9=Oddoux|first9=C|title=Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-human-genetics_2010-06-11_86_6/page/850|volume=86|issue=6|pages=850–59|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|pmid=20560205}}</ref>< | footnotes = {{Smallsup|a}} Arab ethnicity should not be confused with non-Arab ethnicities that are also native to the Arab world.<br>{{Smallsup|b}} Not all Arabs are Muslims and not all Muslims are Arabs. An Arab can follow any religion or irreligion.<br>{{Smallsup|c}} [[Arab identity]] is defined independently of religious identity. }} [[Image:Arab_world.png|left|thumb|عرب بیرلیگینه داخیل دؤولتلر توند یاشیل، عرب اولمایان لاکین بیرلییه داخیل اولان بؤلگه‌لر آچیق یاشیل و عربجه دانیشیلما نیسبتی آشاغی عوضولر سومالی و جیبوتی تارالی یاشیل.]] عرب [[آفریقا]] و [[آسیا]] قیطعه‌لرینده کومپاکت شکیلده یاشایان،دونیانین ان بؤیوک خالقلاریندان بیری. [[عربیستان|سعودی عربیستانیندا]]، [[سوریه|سوریه‌ده]]، [[اوردون|اوردوندا]]، [[عراق|عراقدا]]، [[یمن|یمنده]]، [[عومان|عوماندا]]، [[میصر|میصیرده]]، [[سودان|سوداندان]] (اهالیسینین ۱/۲ – نی تشکیل ائدیرلر)، [[الجزاییر|الجزایرده]]، [[لیبی|لیبیده]]، [[تونیس|تونیسده]] و س. اهالینین اکثریتینی تشکیل ائدیرلر . دونیادا سایلاری تخمیناً ۳۱۱٫۶۴۸ میلیون نفردیر.<ref>[http://www.joshuaproject.net/affinity-blocs.php?rop1=A001 Joshua Project – Unreached Peoples of the World : Arab World]</ref> حاضیردا دونیادا ۲۱ موستقیل عرب دؤولتی وار .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arabic German Consulting |url=http://www.denic.de/de/domains/denicdirect/denicdirect-informationsseite.html |accessdate=2015-09-21 |archivedate=2015-09-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920230330/https://www.denic.de/de/domains/denicdirect/denicdirect-informationsseite.html }}</ref> ==عربلرین سویو== [[ابراهیم]] پئیغمبر نسلیندن دیلر. [[File:NE_565ad.jpg|thumb|left|300px]] [[File:Roman_Empire_125_political_map.svg|thumb|left|300px]] == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:Epitaph Imru-l-Qays Louvre AO4083.jpg|<!--Arabic epitaph of [[Imru' al-Qais]], son of 'Amr, king of all the Arabs", inscribed in [[Nabataean script]]. Basalt, dated in 7 Kislul, 223, viz. 7 December 328 AD. Found at [[Namara inscriptionNemara]] in the [[Hauran]] ([[Southern Syria]]).]] -----------> File:Qahtanites.png|<!--Traditional [[Qahtanite]] genealogy.]] -----------> File:Assyrian horsemen arabs.png|<!--[[Assyria]]n horsemen pursue defeated Arabs.]] -----------> File:TCCKhaldun.jpg|<!--Life-size bronze bust sculpture of [[Ibn Khaldun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite weburl=http://arabamerican.pastperfect-online.com/33769cgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=A9A7FFF1-3E51-46CC-8C72-966442091673;type=101title=PastPerfect Onlinewebsite=arabamerican.pastperfect-online.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;]] -----------> File:Petra, Al-Khazneh 2.jpg|<!-- Façade of [[Al Khazneh]] in [[Petra]], Jordan, built by the [[Nabateans]].]] -----------> File:Temple of Bel, Palmyra 15.jpg|<!--The ruins of Palmyra. The Palmyrenes were a mix of Arabs, [[Amorites]] and [[Arameans]].]] -----------> File:Pergamon-Museum - Wandmalerei 3.jpg|<!--Fragment of a wall painting showing a Kindite king, 1st century CE.]] -----------> File:NE 565ad.jpg|<!--Near East in 565, showing the Lakhmids and their neighbors.]] -----------> File:Roman Empire 125 political map.svg|<!--The [[imperial province]] of [[Arabia Petraea]] in 117–138 CE.]] -----------> File:Umayyad Mosquee panoramic.jpg|<!--The [[Umayyad Mosque]] in [[Damascus]], built in 715, is one of the oldest, largest and best preserved mosques in the world.]] -----------> File:Dome of the Rock III, Jerusalem.jpg|<!--The [[Dome of the Rock]] in [[Jerusalem]], constructed during the reign of [[Abd al-Malik ibn MarwanAbd al Malik]].]] -----------> File:Mustansiriya University CPT.jpg|<!--[[Mustansiriya University]] in [[Baghdad]].]] -----------> File:Maqamat hariri.jpg|<!--Scholars at an Abbasid library in Baghdad. Maqamat of al-Hariri Illustration, 1237.]] -----------> File:Harun-Charlemagne.jpg|<!--[[Harun al-Rashid]] receiving a delegation sent by [[Charlemagne]].]] -----------> File:A side view of the front gate of Al Azhar mosque..jpg|<!--The [[Al-Azhar Mosque]], commissioned by the Fatimid Caliph [[Al-Mu'izz li-Din AllahAl-Mu'izz]] for the newly established capital city of [[Cairo]] in 969.]] -----------> File:Panel hunters Louvre OA 6265-1.jpg|<!--Arabesque pattern behind hunters on [[ivory carvingivory plaque]], 11th–12th century, Egypt]] -----------> File:030Arab.jpg|<!--Soldiers of the [[Arab Army]] in the [[Arabian Desert]] carrying the [[Flag of the Arab Revolt]].]] -----------> File:Arab World maps.png|<!--A map of the Arab world]] -----------> File:NE 565ad-Lakhmid.jpg|<!--Near East in 565, showing the Ghassanids, Lakhmids, Kindah and Hejaz.]] -----------> File:Map of Arabia 600 AD.svg|<!--Approximate locations of certain [[tribes of Arabia]], including those descended from Adnan, [[Hawazin]] and [[Quraysh]] at the dawn of Islam, 600 AD.]] -----------> File:AleppoEmirMudhem.jpg|<!--Post-card of Emir Mejhem ibn Meheid, chief of the [[`AnazzahAnaza]] tribe near [[Aleppo]] with his sons after being decorated with the Croix de Légion d'honneur on 20 September 1920.]] -----------> File:The Old Bedouin, aged over 112 years, and his Wife. (1918) - TIMEA.jpg|<!--Old Bedouin man and his wife in Egypt, 1918.]] -----------> File:Chief of Mascara.jpg|<!--Commander and Amir of [[Mascara, AlgeriaMascara]], [[Banu Hilal]].]] -----------> File:Population Density in the Arab World.png|<!--Population density of the Arab world in 2008.]] -----------> </gallery> == قایناقلار == ;نوتلار {{Notelist}} {{قایناق|group=a}} {{قایناق}} [[بؤلمه:خالقلار]] iglm5h92lkjlefu563ur58dg6v13hyx 0 11021 1590525 1590354 2026-07-12T20:02:49Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* آیریجا باخ */ 1590525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | image1 = Water_drop_001.jpg | caption1 = بیر دامجی کی یؤیون سطحینه دَیَندن سونرا اؤسته قاییدیب | image2 = Ice Block, Canal Park, Duluth (32752478892).jpg | caption2 = بیر جامید اولان سؤ (بؤز) | image3 = Monterrey Mexico Clouds.jpg | caption3 = بؤلؤت(بؤخار اولونموش سؤ) }} '''سۇ''' (Su) - [[یئر]] اوزونده چوْخ تاپیلان، قوخوسوز، دادسیز شیمیایی بیر ترکیب‌دیر. هر اینسانین بدنی یوزده یئتمیش‌بئشی سودان‌دیر. [[گؤل]]، چای، [[دنیز]] و [[اوقیانوس|اوقیانوسو]] اولوشدوران آخیجی ماده، سودور.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|سوْی آد=جعفرزاده |آد=اسماعیل |چئویرن= |دییشدیرمه= |امک= |باشلیق= ارک آذربایجان تورکجه سؤزلوگو |دیل=تورکجه |ایل=۱۳۸۵ گونش ایلی |یئر=تبریز | یاییملاییجی= | جیلد= | چاپ=بیرینجی | صفحه=۸۲۶ | فصل= |باغلانتی= | یازار باغلانتی‌سی= |آی‌اس‌بی‌ان= |ref=harv}}</ref> شیمی فورمولو: (H₂O) ایکی [[هیدروژن]] و بیر [[اوکسیژن]] دونیادا قوراقلیق چاغلاردا [[سو سورونو|سو سۏرونو]] آز اولماقنان اوزون گوستریر و سو بوللوق چاغلاردا سو چوخ اولور و سئل سورونو اولور. == یئر اؤزؤنده == سؤ یئر اۆزونده دواملی حالتده اُلدن گئدیر. بو صورتده کی یئرین جوّینده H2O مولکوللاری فوتولیزه اولاندان سونرا هیدروژنه تبدیل اولوب و جوّ دن خاریج اولوب و یئرین چکیمیندن قاچا بیلیرلر. کئچمیش زمانلاردا او واخت کی یئر چوخلی جوانتر ایدی و وزنی ایندیکینه نیسبت آزیدی سۇ مولکوللاری داها راحت جّودن چیخا بیلیردیلر.<ref>پپین، رابرت او. (ژوئیه 1991). "یئرین منشا و اولیه تکاملی و شهاب داشینین قاچماقلاری". ایکاروس 92 (1): 2-79</ref> == دینلرده == === ایسلام === [[قرآن]] کیتابی‌نین انبیا سوره‌سینین ۳۰-جو آیه‌سینده بئله یازیلیبدیر: {{نقل قول|أَوَلَمْ یَرَ الَّذِینَ کَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ کَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْناهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ '''الْمَاء''' کُلَّ شَیْءٍ حَیٍّ أَفَلَا یُؤْمِنُونَ}} آنلامی: {{نقل قول|مگر کافرلر بیلمیرلر کی: «گؤیلر و یئر [بیر زمانلار] بیتیشیک ایدی، بیز اونلاری بیر-بیریندن آییردیق [و یا گؤیلر و یئر بیر زمانلار باغلی ایدی، بیز اونلاری آچدیق،] و هر بیر جانلی '''سو'''دان یاراتدیق؟ آیا بونلار بئله ایمان گتیرمیرلرمی؟»<ref>قرآن کریم و آذربایجان تورکجه‌سیله ترجومه‌سی، چئویرن: رسول اسماعیل‌زاده دوزال، نشریات: قرآت کریمین بوتون دیللره ترجمه مرکزی، صفحه: ۳۲۴</ref>}} [[موسلمان]]لار سو ایله دستاماز آلارلار، غسل تؤکرلر و بۇ ایش [[ناماز]]دان اؤنجه گرکلی و قرآن اوخوماقدان اؤنجه یاخشی‌دیر. [[مسجید]]لرده، اؤزللیکله اسکی مسجیدلرده، بۇ ایشه‌لره گؤره حوض جورلردیلر. ایسلام‌دا سو هر نه‌دن پاک ائدن بیر شئی دیر. === مسیحیت === {{باشلیق گئنیش‌لندیرماق}} === یهودیت === {{باشلیق گئنیش لندیرماق}} ==آیریجا باخ== *[[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] *[[شیرین سو]] == قایناقلار == [[بؤلمه:سو]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:هیدروژن بیلشیکلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوکسیژن بیلشیکلر]] [[بؤلمه:مایع]] 31y4qb7w3mz5ujjbwjylccm6q0jakn0 0 11399 1590503 1497506 2026-07-12T18:20:08Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Muawiyah I <br /> معاوية | alt = | image = | caption = Lead seal of Mu'awiya's dismissal of [[Abdallah ibn Amir]], {{Circa|664}} | title = [[List of Caliphs|Khalīfah]] | succession1 = 1st [[خیلافت]] of the [[اومویلر خیلافتی]] | predecessor1 = ''Dynasty established'' <br/> [[حسن ابن علی]] (as non-Umayyad caliph) | successor1 = [[يزيد بن معاويه]] | reign1 = 661–680 | succession2 = [[Governor]] of [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] | reign2 = 639–661 | reign-type2 = In Office | predecessor2 = [[Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan]] | successor2 = ''Post discontinued'' | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Katwa bint Qurayza al-Nawfaliyya * Fakhita bint Qurayza al-Nawfaliyya * [[Maysun bint Bahdal|Maysun bint Bahdal al-Kalbiyya]] * Na'ila bint Umara al-Kalbiyya }} | issue = {{Plainlist| *[[يزيد بن معاويه]] *Abd Allah *Ramla (daughter)}} | full name = Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān <br /> ({{Lang|ar|معاوية ابن أبي سفيان}}) | house = [[Umayyad dynasty|Sufyanid]] | dynasty = [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]] | father = [[ابوسفیان]] | mother = [[Hind bint Utba]] | birth_date = {{Circa|597–605}} | birth_place = [[مکه]] | death_date = April 680 | death_place = [[دمشق]] | burial_place = [[Bab al-Saghir]], Damascus | religion = [[ایسلام]] }} '''معاویه بن ابوسفیان''' (دوْغوم ۶۰۲ - اؤلوم ۶۸۰)٬اوموی خلیفه‌لیگی‌نین قۇروجوسو. مۆسلمان اوْلمادان اؤنجه [[اوحود دویوشو|اوحود دؤیوشو]]نده و [[خندک دویوشو|احزاب دؤیوشو]]نده مکّه مۆشریک‌لرین باشچی‌سی اوْلاراق [[حضرت محمد (ص)|محمد]] باشچی‌لیغینداکی مۆسلمان‌لارا قارشی ساواشان ابوسفیان بن حرب‌ین اوْغلودور. آناسی قورئیشین باشقانلاریندان اوْلان عتبه بن ربیعه‌نین قیزی هند بنت عتبه‌دیر. [[ایمام علی (ع)|ایمام علی]] ایله ساواشدا٬ میصری اله کئچیردی و علی‌نین ۶۶۱ اؤلدورولمه‌سیندن سوْنرا خلیفه‌لیگی ایمام حسن‌دن سؤز آلاراق اعلان ائتدی. ۶۶۱-دن ۶۸۰-دک ایسلام دؤولتی‌نی ایداره ائتدی. ==اوموی خلیفه‌لری== {| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="۲" |- | width="40%" align="center" | '''خلیفه‌لیک ایللری''' ۶۶۱-۶۸۰ میلادی | width="30%" align="center" | سونراکی:{{جب}}'''[[يزيد بن معاویه]]''' |} == قایناقلار == {{ویکی قایناقلاماسی|باغلانتی=https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I._Muaviye&oldid=16127861 |باشلیق=I. Muaviye |دیل=آنادوْلو تۆرکجه‌سی |یوخلاما=}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== *{{cite journal |last1=Athamina |first1=Khalil |title=The Appointment and Dismissal of Khalid ibn al-Walid from the Supreme Command: A Study of the Political Strategy of the Early Muslim Caliphs in Syria |journal=Arabica |date=July 1994 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=253–272 |publisher=Brill|jstor=4057449 |doi=10.1163/157005894X00191 }} *{{cite book|last=Bewley |first=Aisha Abdurrahman |title=Mu'awiya: Restorer of the Muslim Faith |year=2002 |publisher=Dar Al Taqwa |isbn=978-1-870582-56-8 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Marwān I b. al-Ḥakam |last=Bosworth |first=C.E. |authorlink=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |volume=6 |pages=621–623}} *{{cite journal |last1=Bosworth |first1=C. Edmund |author-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |title=Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |date=July 1996 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=157–164 |jstor=25183178 |doi=10.1017/S1356186300007161 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=ʿUkba b. Nāfiʿ |last=Christides |first=Vassilios |volume=10 |pages=789–790}} *{{cite journal |last1=Crone |first1=Patricia |title=Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties? |date=1994 |journal=Der Islam |volume=71 |issue=1 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co. |location=Berlin |issn=0021-1818 |pages=1–57 |doi=10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1 |s2cid=154370527 }} *{{cite encyclopedia |article=Caliphate |last=De Goeje |first=M. J. |author-link=Michael Jan de Goeje |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, Volume V: Calhoun to Chatelaine |edition=11th |location=New York |date=1910 |pages=35–54 |oclc=62674231 }} *{{Citation|last=Dixon |first='Abd al-Ameer |title=The Umayyad Caliphate 65–86/684–705: A Political Study |publisher=University of London SOAS |location=London |date=August 1969}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|title=Kalb b. Wabara—Islamic Period |first=A. A. |last=Dixon |volume=4 |pages=493–494}} *{{cite book |last1=Donner |first1=Fred M. |author-link=Fred M. Donner |title=The Early Islamic Conquests |year=1981 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=0-691-05327-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5__AwAAQBAJ }} *{{cite book |last=El-Cheikh |first=Nadia Maria| title=Byzantium viewed| edition=2004| year=2004| publisher=Harvard CMES| isbn=978-0-932885-30-2}} *{{cite book |last1=Elad |first1=Amikam |title=Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage |date=1999 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-10010-5 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDz_yctbQVgC }} *{{cite journal |last1=Grabar |first1=Oleg |title=The Earliest Islamic Commemorative Structures, Notes and Documents |journal=Ars Orientalis |date=1966 |volume=6 |pages=7–46 |jstor=4629220 }} *{{cite book |last1=Foss |first1=Clive |editor1-last=Haldon |editor1-first=John |chapter=Muʿāwiya's State |title=Money, Power and Politics in Early Islamic Syria: A Review of Current Debates |date=2010 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Farnham, Surrey |isbn=978-0-7546-6849-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yftfrWhKH2oC }} *{{cite journal |last1=Foss |first1=Clive |title=Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |date=2009 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=259–278 |jstor=40379004 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X09000512 |doi-access=free }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Khālid b. al-Walīd |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |authorlink=H. A. R. Gibb |volume=1 |page=85}} *{{cite journal |last1=Hasson |first1=Isaac |title=Remarques sur l'inscription de l'époque de Mu'āwiya à Ḥammat Gader |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_israel-exploration-journal_1982_32_2-3/page/97 |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |date=1982 |volume=32 |issue=2/3 |pages=97–102 |language=fr |jstor=27925830 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Ziyād b. Abīhi |last=Hasson |first=I. |volume=11 |pages=519–522}} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=17 |url={{Google books||plainurl=y}}}} *{{The First Dynasty of Islam |edition=Second}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|last=Hawting |first=G. R. |title=Yazīd (I) b. Muʿāwiya |volume=11 |pages=309–311}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Makhzūm |last=Hinds |first=M. |authorlink=Martin Hinds |volume=6 |pages=137–140}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān |last=Hinds |first=M. |volume=7 |pages=263–268}} *{{cite journal |last1=Hirschfeld |first1=Yizhar |title=The History and Town-Plan of Ancient Ḥammat Gādẹ̄r |journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins |date=1987 |volume=103 |pages=101–116 |jstor=27931308 }} *{{cite book |last1=Holland |first1=Tom |title=In the Shadow of the Sword |date=2012 |publisher=Doubleday |location=UK |isbn=978-0-385-53135-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1f_BR2DulRIC&q=in+the+shadow+of+the+sword+holland |access-date=29 August 2019 |ref=THItSotS2012}} *{{cite book |last1=Hoyland |first1=Robert G. |editor1-last=Reinink |editor1-first=G. J. |editor2-last=Klugkist |editor2-first=A. C. |title=After Bardaisan: Studies on Continuity and Change in Syriac Christianity in Honour of Professor Han J. W. Drijvers |date=1999 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |location=Leuven |isbn=90-429-0735-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b4ADqorY1oC |chapter=Jacob of Edessa on Islam }} *{{cite book |last1=Hoyland |first1=Robert G. |title=In God's Path: the Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/ingodspatharabco0000hoyl |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press}} *{{cite book |last1=Humphreys |first1=R. Stephen |title=Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire |date=2006 |publisher=Oneworld |isbn=1-85168-402-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BINxAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathīr|first=Ismā'īl ibn 'Umar |title=The Caliphate of Banu Umayyah The First Phase Taken from Al-Bidayah Wan-nihayah |year=2012 |isbn=9786035000802}} *{{cite journal |last1=Jandora |first1=J. W. |title=Developments in Islamic Warfare: The Early Conquests |journal=Studia Islamica |date=1986 |issue=64 |pages=101–113 |doi=10.2307/1596048 |jstor=1596048 }} *{{cite book |last=Jankowiak |first=Marek |chapter=The First Arab Siege of Constantinople |pages=237–320 |title=Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century |editor-last=Zuckerman |editor-first=Constantin |publisher=Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance |location=Paris |year=2013 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/7091574 }} *{{cite book |last=Kaegi |first=Walter E. |author-link=Walter Kaegi |title=Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-41172-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvPVEb17uzkC }} *{{cite book |last1=Kaegi |first1=Walter E. |title=Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-19677-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zexq5Hl42mQC }} *{{Cambridge History of Egypt | volume=1 |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |chapter=Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868 |pages=62–85 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC&pg=PA62 }} * {{Kennedy-The Armies of the Caliphs}} * {{Kennedy-The Great Arab Conquests}} *{{The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates |edition=Second}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|last1=Lammens |first1=Henri |authorlink=Henri Lammens |volume=1 |title=Baḥdal |pages=919–920}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Ṣiffīn |last=Lecker |first=M. |volume=9 |pages=552–556}} *{{cite book |last=Lilie |first=Ralph-Johannes | authorlink = Ralph-Johannes Lilie |title=Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. 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Montgomery |volume=1 |pages=866–867 |ref={{SfnRef|Watt|1960b}}}} *{{The Arab Kingdom and its Fall}} ==آرتیق اوخو== *{{cite book| last = Doi| first = A.R.| title = Non-Muslims Under Shari'Ah| year = 1981| publisher = Kazi Publications| isbn = 978-1-56744-170-3 }} {{اوموی خلیفه‌لر}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:اموی لر خلافتی]] [[بؤلمه:عرب ژنراللار]] [[بؤلمه:۶۰۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] e5d669t5gi6d5azyrcke73uv9nx8a3k 0 13270 1590475 1587907 2026-07-12T17:35:32Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 3 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{قیسا آچیقلاما|British physicist (1891–1974)}} {{About||the bishop|James Chadwick (bishop)|the American gynaecologist|James Read Chadwick}} {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | name = جیمز چادویک | honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CH|FRS}} | image = James Chadwick.jpg | image_size = | caption = Chadwick {{Circa|1945}} | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|df=yes|1891|10|20}} | birth_place = [[بولینقتون]]، چشر، بیرلشمیش شاهلیق | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|df=yes|1974|7|24|1891|10|20}} | death_place = [[کمبریج]]، بیرلشمیش شاهلیق | field = [[فیزیک]] | work_institution = {{Plainlist| * [[Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt]] * [[لیورپول بیلیم‌یوردو]] * {{Nowrap|[[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]]}} * [[Manhattan Project]] }} | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[منچستر بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [[کمبریج بیلیم‌یوردو]] }} | doctoral_advisor = [[ارنست رادرفورد]] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = {{Plainlist| * [[اتین بیه‌له]]<ref name=AcademicTree>{{cite web |title=James Chadwick |url=http://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=49582 |website=academictree.org |access-date=21 July 2014 }}</ref> * [[Charles Drummond Ellis]]<ref name=AcademicTree /> * [[Ernest C. Pollard]]<ref name=AcademicTree /> * [[موریس قولدهابر]]<ref name=AcademicTree /> * [[لوئیس هارولد قری]] * [[ژوزف روتبلات]] }} | known_for = {{Plainlist| * [[Discovery of the neutron]] * [[MAUD Committee]] Report * [[Manhattan Project]] }} | prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (1927) * [[Hughes Medal]] (1932) * [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1935) * [[Knight Bachelor]] (1945) * [[Melchett Medal]] (1946) * [[Copley Medal]] (1950) * [[Faraday Medal]] (1950) * [[Franklin Medal]] (1951) * [[Guthrie Medal and Prize]] (1967) * [[Order of the Companions of Honour|Companion of Honour]] (1970) }} | signature = Solvay1933Signature Chadwick.jpg }} '''سر جیمز چادویک''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Sir James Chadwick}}) [[بریتانیا]]لی [[فیزیک]] بیلگیسی اولان کی ۱۹۳۲ اینجی ایلده [[نوترون]] ذره سین تاپدی اوندان ایلکن [[رادرفورد]] ۱۹۲۰ اینجی ایلده بو ذره نین اولاریشین بیلمیشدی و جیمز چادویک اونی بیرینجی دفعه [[اتوم]] ایچره تاپدی. بولینگتن شهرینده بریتانیاده آنادان اولدو و بو شهریده بؤی آچدی و سون ایللر منچستر شهرینه یوخاری مکتب اۆچون کوچدو و [[کمبریج]] یونیورسه سینه یول تاپدی. 1913 ده آلمانا کوچدو و برلین شهرینده هایسن گایگر آلمانی فیزیک بیلگیسی اولان ائیله چالیشدی.بو ایللرده ارنست رادرفورد ائیله فیزیک بیلگیلرینده چالیشدی.[[بیرینجی دونیا ویریشماسی]]ندا او آلماندا ایشلیردی و برلیندن کناردا بیر اردو یئرینده ایشلرین گوردی.او بیر آت پره سینده اوز ایشلرین فیزیک بیلگیسینده گوروردی و [[چارلز آلیس]] اونا یاردیم اولدی و او [[فسفر]] یونیزاسیون اوسته و کولور و مونواکسیدکربون شیمیائی ایشلرینده باش قاتدی. 1932 اینجی ایلده کمبریج یونیورسه سینده بیر یئنی ذره نی اتوم چکیردکینده تاپدی و آدین [[نوترون]] قویدی.نوتورن تاپیلماسی اورانیم 235 سیندیرماق اۆچون چوخ دئیرلی اولدو و بو ذره نین [[الکتریکی یۆکو]] یوخدو و چکیردکی سیندرماق اۆچون ایشه گلدی.آلفا ایشیقی و بتا ایشیقی الکتریکی یوکو اولماقا گوره اتوم چکیردکیندن اوزاخلاشیردیلار اما نوترون الکتریکی یوکو الماماقا گوره چکیردکین ایچه ریسینه یول تاپیردی و چوخ آغیر چکیردکلری بمباردمان ائتماقیلا اولاری سیندیرماق اولدی و [[اورانیوم]] 235 بو ایشده ان دئیرلی سینان ماده تانیندی.اونون تاپماخدا[[انریکو فرمی]] ایشلریندن فایدلاندی انریکو فرمی ایتالیالی فیزیک بیلگی سی اولان ونوبل جایزه سی آپاراندی. 1935 ده [[لیورپول]] شهرینده یونیورسه اوستادی اولدی.او لوسی مود کمیته سینده باش اولدی و تیزارد ایشلرینه گوره کانادا و آمریکا اؤلکه لرینن بیرلیقدا اتوم بمبی (چکیردیک بومبی) دوزتماق اۆچون 1940اینجی ایلده قوزی آمریکا اؤلکه سینه یوللاندی و منهتن پروژه سینده اتوم بمبی تاپماقا چوخلی بیلنلرینن ایش گوردی.او 1940 اینجی ایلده نوامبر ایندا ایشدن ال گوتوردی و بریتانیا اؤلکه سینه قایتدی و بئله بیلدی کی بو ایش چوخ چتین دی و [[ایکینجی دونیا ویریشماسی]]ندا بو تئزلیقدا اونا ال تاپماق اولماز.فرانتیس سیمون دسامبر آیندا بو ایل لوسی مود ایشچی سی اولدو و بئله بیلدی کی اورانیوم چکردکین سیندیرماق اولار.سیمون سوزلرینده بوتون برنامه لر و ایشلر اورانیوم چوخاتماق اۆچون و بوتون مخاریج بو بؤیوک اورانیوم چوخالدان یئری دوزتماق اۆچون دئیلدی.جیمز چادویک یازار کی من بو سوزلری اوخودوم وبیلدیم کی اورانیوم پالانیشی نه تکجه اولار بلکه اوندان آیری یول یوخدو و گرک بو قورخولو ایش گورولسون و یازار کی من بونی بیلندن سورا چوخ قورخولو اولدوم و گئجه لر یوخی داواسی آتاردیم. بیر آز سورا منهتن پروسه سین قوردو و چوخلو فیزیک بلنلر بو پورسه ده ایشله دی. آخیرده ائیله بیلدیلر اورانیوم چکیردکین داغیلدیب وهیروشیما وناکازاکی شهریلیرن بمباردیمان ائتدیلر.1940 اینجی ایلده سلطنتی انجمن اونی ایکی فرانسوی فیزیک بیلنین ایشلرینه گوره سئچدی و او بو ایکی بیلن هنس ون هالبان و لو کوارسکی ائیله ایشلرین گوردی و دئیلدی کی بو ایکی بیلنین یازیلاری و ایشلری گیزلیکده قالسین.2007 اینجی ایلده بو ایکی فرانسوی یازیلاری پول سایلارا یئیشن چاغدا تاپیلدی.هله بیلنمیر کی بو ایکی فرانسوی نجور اتوم پاتلانیشیندا ایش گوروبلر. == نوتلار == {{قایناق|30em}} == قایناقلار == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last = Arnold |first = Lorna |author-link = Lorna Arnold |year = 1998 |title = A Modest Maker of Modern Physics |url = http://worldtracker.org/media/library/Science/Science%20Magazine/science%20magazine%201997-1998/root/data/Science%201997-1998/pdf/1998_v282_n5388/p5388_0422.pdf |journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] 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Wilson, 1968) |journal = [[American Journal of Physics]] |year = 1968 |url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 |access-date = 20 January 2013 |doi = 10.1119/1.1974382 |volume = 36 |issue = 12 |bibcode = 1968AmJPh..36.1150W |page = 1150 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Frisch |first1=Otto |author-link=Otto Robert Frisch |year=1939 |title=Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=143 |issue=3616 |pages=276 |bibcode=1939Natur.143..276F |doi=10.1038/143276a0 |s2cid=4076376|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Goldhaber |first1=Maurice |author-link1=Maurice Goldhaber |year=1934 |title=Spontaneous Emission of Neutrons by Artificially Produced Radioactive Bodies |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=134 |issue=3375 |pages=25 |bibcode=1934Natur.134...25G |doi=10.1038/134025a0 |s2cid=4092342|doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Gowing |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Gowing |year=1964 |title=Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/britainatomicene0000marg |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |oclc=3195209 }} * {{cite journal |last1 = Hahn |first1 = Otto |author-link = Otto Hahn |last2 = Strassmann |first2 = Fritz |author-link2 = Fritz Strassmann |year = 1939 |title = Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle |journal = [[Die Naturwissenschaften]] |volume = 27 |issue = 1 |pages = 11–15 |bibcode = 1939NW.....27...11H |doi = 10.1007/BF01488241 |s2cid = 5920336 |language = de |url = http://www.nssp.uni-saarland.de/lehre/Vorlesung/Kernphysik_SS14/History/Papers/Hahn_Strassmann.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141215050641/http://www.nssp.uni-saarland.de/lehre/Vorlesung/Kernphysik_SS14/History/Papers/Hahn_Strassmann.pdf |archive-date = 15 December 2014 |df = dmy-all }} * {{cite journal |last1=von Halban |first1=Hans |author-link1=Hans von Halban |last2=Joliot |first2=Frédéric |author-link2=Frédéric Joliot-Curie |last3=Kowarski |first3=Lew |author-link3=Lew Kowarski |year=1939 |title=Number of Neutrons Liberated in the Nuclear Fission of Uranium |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1939-04-22_143_3625/page/680 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=143 |issue=3625 |page=680 |bibcode=1939Natur.143..680V |doi=10.1038/143680a0 |s2cid=4089039|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book |last1=Heilbron |first1=John L. |author-link=John L. Heilbron |last2=Seidel |first2=Robert W. |year=1989 |title=Lawrence and his Laboratory: A History of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/lawrencehislabor00heil |isbn=978-0-520-06426-3 |url-access=registration }} * {{cite journal |last=Heisenberg |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Heisenberg |year=1932 |title=Über den Bau der Atomkerne. I |journal=[[Zeitschrift für Physik]] |volume=77 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–11 |bibcode=1932ZPhy...77....1H |doi=10.1007/BF01342433 |s2cid=186218053 |language=de |ref={{SfnRef|Heisenberg|1932a}} }} * {{cite journal |last=Heisenberg |first=Werner |author-mask=1 |year=1932 |title=Über den Bau der Atomkerne. II |journal=[[Zeitschrift für Physik]] |volume=78 |issue=3–4 |pages=156–164 |bibcode=1932ZPhy...78..156H |doi=10.1007/BF01337585 |s2cid=186221789 |language=de |ref={{SfnRef|Heisenberg|1932b}} }} * {{cite journal |last=Heisenberg |first=Werner |author-mask=1 |year=1933 |title=Über den Bau der Atomkerne. III |journal=[[Zeitschrift für Physik]] |volume=80 |issue=9–10 |pages=587–596 |bibcode=1933ZPhy...80..587H |doi=10.1007/BF01335696 |s2cid=126422047 |language=de }} * {{cite book |last1=Herken |first1=Gregg |year=2002 |title=Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller |url=https://archive.org/details/brotherhoodofbom0000herk_e3u2 |publisher=[[Holt Paperbacks]] |isbn=978-0-8050-6589-3 }} * {{cite book |last1=Hoddeson |first1=Lillian |author-link=Lillian Hoddeson |first2=Paul W. |last2=Henriksen |first3=Roger A. |last3=Meade |first4=Catherine L. |last4=Westfall |author4-link=Catherine Westfall |year=1993 |title=Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-44132-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalassembly0000unse }} * {{cite journal |last=Holt |first=John R. |author-link=John Riley Holt |year=1994 |title=James Chadwick at Liverpool |journal=[[Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London]] |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=299–308 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.1994.0030 |jstor=532169 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Jensen |first=Carsten |year=2000 |title=Controversy and Consensus: Nuclear Beta Decay 1911–1934 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wcYlmDm3wJEC&pg=PA88 |publisher=[[Birkhäuser]] |isbn=978-3-7643-5313-1 }} * {{cite journal |last=King |first=Charles D. |year=1997 |title=Sir James Chadwick and his Medical Plans for the Liverpool 37-inch Cyclotron |url=http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/Docs/09/09King.pdf |journal=Medical Historian |volume=9 |pages=43–55 |access-date=7 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215050544/http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/Docs/09/09King.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2014 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Laurence |first=William L. |author-link=William L. Laurence |year=1946 |title=Dawn Over Zero: The Story of the Atomic Bomb |url=https://archive.org/details/dawnoverzerostor0000laur |url-access=registration |oclc=4354887 |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] }} * {{cite journal |last1=Massey |first1=Harrie |author-link1=Harrie Massey |last2=Feather |first2=Norman |author-link2=Norman Feather |year=1976 |title=James Chadwick. 20 October 1891&nbsp;– 24 July 1974 |journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] |volume=22 |pages=10–70 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1976.0002 |jstor=769732 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Meitner |first1=Lise |author-link1=Lise Meitner |last2=Frisch |first2=Otto R. |author-link2=Otto Robert Frisch |year=1939 |title=Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: A New Type of Nuclear Reaction |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1939-02-11_143_3615/page/238 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=143 |issue=3615 |pages=239–240 |bibcode=1939Natur.143..239M |doi=10.1038/143239a0 |s2cid=4113262}} * {{cite journal |last1=Oliphant |first1=M. L. E. |author-link=Mark Oliphant |last2=Rutherford |first2=Lord |author-link2=Ernest Rutherford |year=1933 |title=Experiments on the Transmutation of Elements by Protons |volume=141 |issue=843 |pages=259–281 |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society A]] |bibcode=1933RSPSA.141..259O |doi=10.1098/rspa.1933.0117 |jstor=96218 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Oliphant |first1=M. L. E. |author-mask=1 |last2=Kinsey |first2=B. B. |last3=Rutherford |first3=Lord |author-link3=Ernest Rutherford |year=1933 |title=The Transmutation of Lithium by Protons and by Ions of the Heavy Isotope of Hydrogen |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society A]] |volume=141 |issue=845 |pages=722–733 |bibcode=1933RSPSA.141..722O |doi=10.1098/rspa.1933.0150 |jstor=96179 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Oliphant |first1=M. L. E. |author-mask=1 |last2=Harteck |first2=P. |author-link2=Paul Harteck |last3=Rutherford |first3=Lord |author-link3=Lord Rutherford |year=1934 |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society A]] |title=Transmutation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen |volume=144 |issue=853 |pages=692–703 |bibcode=1934RSPSA.144..692O |doi=10.1098/rspa.1934.0077 |jstor=2935553 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last=Oliphant |first=Mark |author-mask=1 |year=1974 |title=James Chadwick |url=https://archive.org/details/physics-today_1974-10_27_10/page/87 |journal=[[Physics Today]] |volume=27 |issue=10 |pages=87–89 |bibcode=1974PhT....27j..87O |doi=10.1063/1.3128956 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Rutherford |first1=Ernest |author-link=Ernest Rutherford |last2=Chadwick |first2=James |year=1912 |title=A Balance Method for Comparison of Quantities of Radium and Some of its Applications |journal=[[Proceedings of the Physical Society]] |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=141–151 |bibcode=1911PPSL...24..141R |doi=10.1088/1478-7814/24/1/320 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431497 }} * {{cite web |last=Sublette |first=Carey |title=Polonium Poisoning |date=14 December 2006 |url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/News/PoloniumPoison.html |publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive |access-date=1 August 2014 }} * {{cite book |last=Szasz |first=Ferenc |year=1992 |title=British Scientists and the Manhattan Project: The Los Alamos Years |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=978-0-312-06167-8 }} * {{cite web |last=Weiner |first=Charles |date=20 April 1969 |title=Interview with Sir James Chadwick |url=http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/3974_1.html |publisher=[[American Institute of Physics]] |access-date=5 August 2014 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716020131/http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/3974_1.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-09-28 |archivedate=2014-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716020131/http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/3974_1.html }} * {{cite book |last = Whaling |first = Ward |year = 2009 |title = Robert F. Bacher 1905–2004 |url = http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bacher-robert-f.pdf |series = [[Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences]] |publisher = [[National Academy of Sciences]] |access-date = 22 March 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140531133917/http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bacher-robert-f.pdf |archive-date = 31 May 2014 |df = dmy-all }} * {{cite journal |last = Zhang |first = Youshang |year = 2010 |title = In memory of Professor Tianqin Cao (Tien-chin Tsao) |url = http://journal.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=10366 |journal = [[Protein & Cell]] |volume = 1 |issue = 6 |pages = 507–509 |doi = 10.1007/s13238-010-0074-2 |pmid = 21246905 |pmc = 4875321 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140810185715/http://journal.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=10366 |archive-date = 10 August 2014 |df = dmy-all }} {{Refend}} == چوخ اوخو == {{آمبار بؤلمه}} * {{cite journal |year=1948 |title=Sir James Chadwick, F.R.S. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1948-06-19_161_4103/page/964 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=161 |issue=4103 |pages=964 |bibcode=1948Natur.161Q.964. |doi=10.1038/161964a0 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |year=1972 |title=Sir James Chadwick, C.H., LL.D., F.R.S.: 80th birthday |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporary-physics_1972-05_13_3/page/310 |journal=[[Contemporary Physics]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=310 |bibcode=1972ConPh..13..310. |doi=10.1080/00107517208205684 }} * {{cite book |last1=Rutherford |first1=Ernest |author-link1=Ernest Rutherford |last2=Chadwick |first2=James |last3=Ellis |first3=Charles D. |author-link3=Charles Drummond Ellis |year=2010 |title=Radiation from Radioactive Substances |edition=Reprint of 2nd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-00901-0 |ref=none }} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلاری== * [https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/3974-1 Oral history interview transcript with James Chadwick on 15 April 1969, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives] – Session I * [https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/3974-2 Oral history interview transcript with James Chadwick on 16 April 1969, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives] – Session II * [https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/3974-3 Oral history interview transcript with James Chadwick on 17 April 1969, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives] – Session III * [https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/3974-4 Oral history interview transcript with James Chadwick on 20 April 1969, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives] – Session IV * {{Nobelprize}} {{S-start}} {{s-aca}} {{S-bef|before=[[John Forbes Cameron]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Master of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius College]]|years=1948–1959}} {{S-aft|after=[[نویل فرانسیس مات|سر نویل فرانسیس مات]]}} {{S-end}} {{فیزیکده نوبل جایزه‌سینی قازانانلار}} {{Portal bar|بیوقرافی|فیزیک|History of science|Nuclear technology|World War II}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chadwick, James}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۹۱-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۴-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰.یوز ایل اینگیلیسلی فیزیکچیلر]] [[Category:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester]] [[Category:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester]] [[Category:English atheists]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیس چکیردک فیزیکچیلر]] [[Category:English Nobel laureates]] [[Category:British Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Experimental physicists]] [[Category:Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Knights Bachelor]] [[Category:Manhattan Project people]] [[بؤلمه:لس آلاموس، نیومکزیکو دوغوملولار]] [[Category:Masters of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Medal for Merit recipients]] [[Category:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] [[Category:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium]] [[Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]] [[Category:People educated at the Central Grammar School for Boys]] [[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]] [[Category:Recipients of the Medal of Freedom]] [[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]] [[Category:Academics of the University of Liverpool]] [[بؤلمه:بولینقتون دوغوملولار]] [[Category:World War I civilian detainees held by Germany]] [[Category:People associated with the nuclear weapons programme of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:People from Dupont Circle]] [[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]] j3qo60fp8xd99irw6rbv6p7ysdxnfaa 0 15564 1590545 1587925 2026-07-13T09:49:42Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 3 books for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state | name = ایندیانا | official_name = ایندیانا ایالتی |ElectoralVotes = 11<ref>{{cite web|title=Electoral College Information|url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/2979.htm|website=in.gov|access-date=January 12, 2016}}</ref> | image_flag = Flag of Indiana.svg | flag_link = Flag of Indiana | anthem = [[On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away]] | image_seal = Indiana-StateSeal.svg | image_map = Indiana in United States.svg | nickname = The [[Hoosier]] State |Former = Indiana Territory | population_demonym = [[Hoosier]] | motto = [[The Crossroads of America]] | seat = [[ایندیاناپولیس]] |LargestCity = capital |LargestMetro = [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Greater Indianapolis]] |Governor = [[اریک هولکومب]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری نین جومهوریت حیزبی|ج]]) |Lieutenant Governor = [[سوزان کروچ]] (ج) |Legislature = [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]] |Upperhouse = [[Indiana Senate]] |Lowerhouse = [[Indiana House of Representatives]] |Judiciary = [[Indiana Supreme Court]] |Senators = {{Unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[تاد یانق]] (R)}}|{{Nowrap|[[Mike Braun]] (R)}}}} |Representative = {{Unbulleted list|7 Republicans|2 Democrats}} | postal_code = IN |TradAbbreviation = Ind. |OfficialLang = [[اینگیلیس دیلی]] | area_rank = 38th | area_total_sq_mi = 36,418 | area_total_km2 = 94,321 | area_land_sq_mi = 35,868 | area_land_km2 = 92,897 | area_water_sq_mi = 550 | area_water_km2 = 1,424 | area_water_percent = 1.5 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = 17th | 2010Pop = 6,785,528<ref name="2020 U.S. Census">{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/apportionment-2020-table02.pdf |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |author=Resident Population Data |title=Resident Population Data – 2020 Census}}</ref> |2000DensityUS = 183 |2000Density = 70.7 |MedianHouseholdIncome = $54,181 (2017)<ref name=kff>{{cite web |url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0 |website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation |title=Median Annual Household Income |access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref> |IncomeRank = 35th |Total GDP Rank = 16th |Total GDP = 352,273 (2017) |Per Capita GDP Rank = 33rd |Per capita GDP = 38,037 (2005) |AdmittanceOrder = 19th |AdmittanceDate = December 11, 1816 | timezone1 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]] | utc_offset1 = −05:00 | timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −04:00 | timezone1_location = 80 counties | timezone2 = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]] | utc_offset2 = −06:00 | timezone2_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]] | utc_offset2_DST = −05:00 | timezone2_location = 12 counties |Latitude = 37° 46′ N to 41° 46′ N |Longitude = 84° 47′ W to 88° 6′ W | width_mi = 140 | width_km = 225 | length_mi = 270 | length_km = 435 | elevation_max_point = [[Hoosier Hill]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |access-date=October 21, 2011}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> | elevation_max_ft = 1,257 | elevation_max_m = 383 | elevation_ft = 700 | elevation_m = 210 | elevation_min_point = Confluence of [[اوهایو چایی]] and [[Wabash River]] | elevation_min_ft = 320 | elevation_min_m = 97 | iso_code = US-IN | website = www.in.gov }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols |Name = Indiana |Flag = Flag of Indiana.svg |Seal = Indiana-StateSeal.svg |Amphibian = |Bird= [[Northern cardinal|Cardinal]] |Butterfly = |Crustacean = |Fish = |Flower = [[پیون]] |Grass = |Insect = Say's [[Firefly]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wthr.com/article/lightning-bug-becomes-indianas-official-state-insect |title=Lightning bug becomes Indiana's official state insect |date=February 27, 2018 |website=13 WTHR Indianapolis |accessdate=2021-08-20 |archivedate=2018-02-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228022002/https://www.wthr.com/article/lightning-bug-becomes-indianas-official-state-insect }}</ref> |Mammal = |Reptile = |Tree = [[Liriodendron tulipifera|Tulip tree]] |Beverage = |Colors = [[گؤی (رنگ)]] and [[Gold (color)|gold]] |Dance = |Dinosaur = |Firearm = [[Grouseland|Grouseland Rifle]] |Food = [[Sugar cream pie]] |Fossil = |Gemstone = |Instrument = |Mineral = |Poem = "Indiana" |Rock = [[Indiana Limestone|Salem Limestone]] |Shell = |Ships = [[USS Indianapolis]] (4), [[USS Indiana]] (4) |Slogan = ''Honest to Goodness Indiana'' |Soil = [[Miami (soil)|Miami]] |Sport = [[بسکتبال]] |Tartan = |Toy = |Other = River: [[Wabash River|Wabash]] |Route Marker = Indiana 13.svg |Quarter = 2002 IN Proof.png |QuarterReleaseDate = 2002 }} '''ایندیانا''' (اینگیلیسجه. State of Indiana) ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Indiana.ogg|ˌ|ɪ|n|d|i|ˈ|æ|n|ə}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لری|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لر]] اؤلکه سینین بیر ایالتی دیر. مساحتی 94,321 ک.م^۲ و توپلوم سایی سی 6,619,680 نفر ، و باشکندی [[ایندیاناپولیس]] دیر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofin0000unse_y6v0|author=Bodenhamer, David J.|author2=Barrows, Robert Graham|author3=Vanderstel, David Gordon|year=1994|publisher=[[ایندیانا بیلیم‌یوردو]] Press|isbn=978-0-253-31222-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Indiana|url=https://archive.org/details/indiana00bril|author=Brill, Marlene Targ|year=2005|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|isbn=978-0-7614-2020-0}} * {{Cite book| last =Carmony| first =Donald F.| title =Indiana, 1816 to 1850: The Pioneer Era| url =https://archive.org/details/indiana18161850p0000carm| publisher =[[Indiana Historical Society]]| year =1998| location =Indianapolis| isbn =978-0-87195-124-3}} * {{Cite book|title=Hoosiers in the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/hoosiersincivilw0000arvi|author=Funk, Arville L|year=1967|isbn=978-0-9623292-5-8|publisher=Adams Press}} * {{Cite book|author=Gray, Ralph D|title=Gentlemen from Indiana: National Party Candidates,1836–1940|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-DHV-086| year=1977 |publisher=[[Indiana Historical Bureau]]|isbn=978-1-885323-29-3}} * {{Cite book|title=Indiana History: A Book of Readings|url=https://archive.org/details/indianahistorybo0000unse|author=Gray, Ralph D|year=1995|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-32629-4}} * {{Cite book|title=Here is Your Indiana Government|year=2005|author=Indiana State Chamber of Commerce}} * {{Cite book|title=Here is Your Indiana Government|url=https://archive.org/details/hereisyourindia00indi|year=2007|author=Indiana State Chamber of Commerce}} * {{Cite book| author =Indiana Writer's Project| title =Indiana: A Guide To The Hoosier State|series=American Guide Series| date=1973 |orig-year =1937}} * {{Cite book| last =Jackson| first =Marion T., ed.| title =The Natural Heritage of Indiana| publisher=Indiana University Press| year =1997| location =Bloomington| isbn =978-0-253-33074-1}} * {{Cite book|title=Handbook of Indiana Geology|author=Logan, William Newton|author2=Cumings, Edgar Roscoe|author3=Malott, Clyde Arnett|author4=Visher, Stephen Sargent|author5=Tucker, William Motier|author6=Reeves, John Robert|year=1922|publisher=William B. Burford}} * Madison, James H. ''Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana.'' Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014. * {{Cite book| last = Madison| first =James H.| title =The Indiana Way: A State History| url = https://archive.org/details/indianawaystateh0000madi| publisher=Indiana University Press and Indiana Historical Society| year =1990| location =Bloomington and Indianapolis| isbn =978-0-253-20609-1}} * {{Cite book|title=A Century of Indiana|url=https://archive.org/details/acenturyindiana00moorgoog|author=Moore, Edward E|year=1910|publisher=American Book Company}} * {{Cite book|title=Indiana|author=Pell, Ed|year=2003|publisher=Capstone Press|isbn=978-0-7368-1582-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/indianapell00pell}} * {{Cite book | last =Skertic | first = Mark |author2=John J. Watkins | title=A Native's Guide to Northwest Indiana| url =https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781893121089 | year = 2003}} * {{Cite book| last =Taylor| first =Robert M., ed.| title =Indiana: A New Historical Guide| url =https://archive.org/details/indiananewhistor0000tayl| publisher=Indiana Historical Society| year = 1990| location =Indianapolis| isbn=978-0-87195-048-2}} * {{Cite book| last = Taylor| first = Robert M., ed.| title =The State of Indiana History 2000: Papers Presented at the Indiana Historical Society's Grand Opening| publisher =Indiana Historical Society| year =2001| location = Indianapolis}} {{Refend}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== * {{Official website|http://www.in.gov}} * [http://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/const/articles/001/ Indiana Constitution] * [http://www.visitindiana.com/ Indiana Travel and Tourism Information] * [http://www.in.gov/dnr/2329.htm Indiana State Parks]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/indiana/index.html Indiana State Guide, from the Library of Congress] * {{OSM relation|161816}} {{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[لوئیزیانا]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینه قوشولان ایالترین لیستی تاریخ اساسیندا]]|years=Admitted on December 11, 1816 (19th)}} {{S-aft|after=[[میسیسیپی]]}} {{S-end}} {{جوغرافیایی موقعیت | Northwest = [[Lake Michigan]] | North = {{بایراق|Michigan}} | Northeast = | West = {{بایراق|Illinois}} | Centre = '' Indiana'': [[Outline of Indiana|Outline]] • [[Index of Indiana-related articles|Index]] | East = {{بایراق|Ohio}} | Southwest = | South = {{بایراق|Kentucky}} | Southeast = }} {{بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین سیاسی بؤلوملری}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|39.8942|-86.2816|dim:300000_region:US-IN_type:adm1st|name=State of Indiana|display=title}} [[بؤلمه:ایندیانا| ]] [[بؤلمه:اورتا غرب بیرلشمیش ایالتلر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۱۶ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایالتلری]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[Category:U.S. states with multiple time zones]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۱۶ - جی ایلینده آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] 13per06mzm15h4g9coa8jc5xupxfkxj 0 15682 1590478 1587896 2026-07-12T17:39:26Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Study of general and fundamental questions}} [[File:Sanzio 01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[رافائل]] طرفیندن ''آتن مکتبی'' (۱۵۰۹-۱۵۱۱)، قدیم یونان معمارلیغیندان ایلهاملاناراق ایدهآللاشدیریلمیش بیر مۆحیطده مشهور کلاسسیک یونان فیلوسوفلارینی تصویر ائدیر.]] {{Philosophy sidebar}} '''فلسفه''' ({{Lang-grc-gre|φιλοσοφία}}, {{Lang-grc|philosophia|lit=بیلگه‌لیک سئوگیسی|label=none|italic=yes}}) وارلیق، سبب، [[معریفت بیلیمی|بیلیک]]، [[اخلاق فلسفه‌سی|دَیَرلر]]، عقیل و دیل کیمی عۆمومی و اَساس سواللارین ایشلنمه‌سیدیر.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/search/r?entry=/entries/process-philosophy/&page=1&total_hits=2206&pagesize=10&archive=None&rank=0&query=process%20philosophy</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=philosophy {{!}} Definition, Systems, Fields, Schools, & Biographies |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223162559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/philosophy|date=2020|website=Lexico|publisher=[[University of Oxford Press]]|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142405/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/philosophy|url-status=dead|accessdate=2023-02-16|archivedate=2019-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142405/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/philosophy}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sellars|first1=Wilfrid|url=http://selfpace.uconn.edu/class/percep/SellarsPhilSciImage.pdf|title=Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind|date=1963|publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.|pages=1, 40|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323095530/http://selfpace.uconn.edu/class/percep/SellarsPhilSciImage.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chalmers |first1=David J. |title=Facing up to the problem of consciousness |journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies |date=1995 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=200, 219 |url=http://www.consc.net/papers/facing.html |access-date=28 March 2019 |archive-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120095823/http://consc.net/papers/facing.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Henderson |first1=Leah |title=The problem of induction |journal=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |date=2019 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/induction-problem/ |access-date=28 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327224912/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/induction-problem/ |url-status=live }}</ref> بعضی منبعلر بۇ ایصطیلاح [[فیثاغورس]] ({{Circa|۵۷۰|۴۹۵|lk=no}} م‌ق)،<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cicero|first=Marcus Tullius|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14988/14988-h/14988-h.htm|title=Tusculan Disputations|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1877|location=New York|pages=166|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518014748/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14988/14988-h/14988-h.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Alister|title=The Pythagorean Background of the theory of Recollection|url=https://archive.org/details/pythagoreanbackg0000alis|publisher=George Banta Publishing Company|year=1938}}</ref> طرفیندن ایشلندیگینی ایدعا ائدیر، باخمایاراق کی، بۇ نظرییه بعضیلری طرفیندن مۆباحیصه‌لندیریلیر.<ref>Jaeger, W. 'On the Origin and Cycle of the Philosophic Ideal of Life.' First published in Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historishce Klasse, 1928; Eng. Translation in Jaeger's Aristotle, 2nd Ed. Oxford, 1948, 426-61.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Festugiere|first=A.J.|year=1958|chapter=Les Trios Vies|title=Acta Congressus Madvigiani|volume=2|location=Copenhagen|pages=131–78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Guthrie |first=W. K. C. |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgreekph0002unse |title=A history of Greek philosophy |date=1962–1981 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-05160-6 |location=Cambridge |pages=165–166 |oclc=22488892 |quote=This does not of course amount to saying that the simile goes back to Pythagoras himself, but only that the Greek ideal of philosophia and theoria (for which we may compare Herodotus's attribution of these activities to Solon I, 30) was at a fairly early date annexed by the Pythagoreans for their master |access-date=12 June 2021 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121185645/https://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-greek-philosophy/oclc/22488892 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> == قایناقلار == === نوتلار === {{قایناق|35em|group=lower-roman}} === سندلر === {{قایناق|30em|refs= <ref name="justification">{{cite book |title=The Ethics of Philosophical Practice |first=Anthony |last=Quinton|author-link=Anthony Quinton|page= [{{Google books|plainurl=y |id=sI4YAAAAIAAJ}} 666] |quote= Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less [[:wikt:systematic|systematic]] kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved.}} in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Honderich|1995}}.</ref> <ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=philosophy&searchmode=none |title=philosophy (n.)|work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=22 August 2010 |archive-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702125749/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=philosophy&searchmode=none |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Webster's New World Dictionary">The definition of philosophy is: "1. orig., love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge 2. theory or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe". {{cite book |title=Webster's New World Dictionary|edition= Second College}}</ref> }} === کیتاب === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|editor1-first=Paul |editor1-last=Edwards|editor-link=Paul Edwards (philosopher)|title=The Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=uqaajgEACAAJ}}|year=1967|publisher=Macmillan & Free Press }} * {{cite book|first=Immanuel |last=Kant|title=Critique of Pure Reason|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=cn9JAAAAYAAJ}}|year=1881|publisher=Macmillan }} * {{cite book|editor-first=Thomas |editor-last=Baldwin|title=The Cambridge History of Philosophy 1870–1945|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=I09hCIlhPpkC}}|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59104-1}} * {{cite book|first1=Brian P. |last1=Copenhaver|first2=Charles B. |last2=Schmitt|title=Renaissance philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=CgsFAQAAIAAJ}}|date=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-219203-5}} * {{cite book | last= Lindberg | first= David C. | year = 2007 | chapter = Science before the Greeks | title= The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context | url= https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5/page/1 1]–27 | edition = Second | location = Chicago, Illinois | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn= 978-0-226-48205-7}} * {{cite book|first=Steven |last=Nadler|author-link=Steven Nadler|title=A Companion to Early Modern Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=KENbzY8uDGkC}}|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-99883-0}} * {{cite book|first=Donald |last=Rutherford|title=The Cambridge Companion to Early Modern Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=lH8FAQAAIAAJ}}|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-82242-8}} * {{cite book|editor-first1=C.B. |editor-last1=Schmitt|editor-first2=Quentin |editor-last2=Skinner|title=The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=jJnyxg3xxTEC}}|year=1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-39748-3}} * {{cite book|title=A New History of Western Philosophy|isbn=978-0-19-958988-3|last1=Kenny|first1=Anthony|author-link=Anthony Kenny|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=rco-uQAACAAJ}}|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press }} * {{cite book |editor-first= T. |editor-last=Honderich|title=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995|isbn=978-0-19-866132-0|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=sI4YAAAAIAAJ}}}} * {{cite book|editor-first1=Nicholas |editor-last1=Bunnin|editor-first2=Eric |editor-last2=Tsui-James|title=The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=HNWIcgEswrsC|page=620}}|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-99787-1}} * {{cite book|first=Frederick Charles |last=Copleston |author-link=Frederick Copleston|title=A history of philosophy: volume III: Ockham to Suárez|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=QZ1WkHs5wHcC}}|year=1953|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-0067-5}} * {{cite book|title=Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy|chapter-url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=-MWK96fFN4UC}}|last1=Leaman|first1=Oliver|author-link=Oliver Leaman|first2=Parviz|last2=Morewedge|chapter=Islamic philosophy modern|editor-first=Edward|editor-last=Craig|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-22364-5|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseroutledge00edwa}} * {{Cite journal|last=Buccellati|first=Giorgio|date=1981|title=Wisdom and Not: The Case of Mesopotamia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_january-march-1981_101_1/page/35|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=101|issue=1|pages=35–47|doi=10.2307/602163|jstor=602163}} * {{cite book|title=Philosophy before the Greeks. The Pursuit of Truth in Ancient Babylonia|year=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0691157184|ref={{SfnRef|Philosophy before the Greeks|2015}} }} * {{cite book|last=Westerhoff|first=Jan|author-link=Jan Westerhoff|year=2018|title=The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} {{Refend}} ==چوخ اوخو== === عومومی موقدمه === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|editor=Richard McKeon|editor-link=Richard McKeon|author=Aristotle|author-link=Aristotle|title=The Basic Works of Aristotle|url=https://archive.org/details/basicworksofaris00aris|date=1941|publisher=Random House|location=New York}} * Blumenau, Ralph. ''Philosophy and Living''. {{ISBN|978-0-907845-33-1}} * [[Edward Craig (philosopher)|Craig, Edward]]. ''Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-285421-6}} * Harrison-Barbet, Anthony, ''Mastering Philosophy''. {{ISBN|978-0-333-69343-8}} * [[برتراند راسل|Russell, Bertrand]]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20040807090338/http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/phil/russell/ The Problems of Philosophy]''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-511552-9}} * Sinclair, Alistair J. ''What is Philosophy? An Introduction'', 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-903765-94-4}} * [[Elliott Sober|Sober, Elliott]]. (2001). ''Core Questions in Philosophy: A Text with Readings''. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. {{ISBN|978-0-13-189869-1}} * [[Robert C. Solomon|Solomon, Robert C.]] ''Big Questions: A Short Introduction to Philosophy''. {{ISBN|978-0-534-16708-0}} * [[Nigel Warburton|Warburton, Nigel]]. ''Philosophy: The Basics''. {{ISBN|978-0-415-14694-4}} * Nagel, Thomas. ''What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-505292-3}} * ''Classics of Philosophy (Vols. 1, 2, & 3)'' by Louis P. Pojman * Cottingham, John. Western Philosophy: An Anthology. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2008. Print. Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies. * [[Richard Tarnas|Tarnas, Richard]]. ''The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas That Have Shaped Our World View''. {{ISBN|978-0-345-36809-6}} {{Refend}} === مووضوع اساسیندا موقدمه‌لر === {{Refbegin|30em}} ====آفریقالی==== * Imbo, Samuel Oluoch. ''An Introduction to African Philosophy.'' {{ISBN|978-0-8476-8841-8|}} ====شرقی==== * ''A Source Book in Indian Philosophy'' by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Charles A. Moore * Hamilton, Sue. ''Indian Philosophy: a Very Short Introduction''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-285374-5|}} * Kupperman, Joel J. ''Classic Asian Philosophy: A Guide to the Essential Texts''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-513335-6|}} * Lee, Joe and Powell, Jim. ''Eastern Philosophy For Beginners''. {{ISBN|978-0-86316-282-4|}} * Smart, Ninian. ''World Philosophies''. {{ISBN|978-0-415-22852-7|}} * Copleston, Frederick. ''Philosophy in Russia: From Herzen to Lenin and Berdyaev''. {{ISBN|978-0-268-01569-5|}} ====ایسلامی==== * ''Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings'' edited by Muhammad Ali Khalidi * {{cite book|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|title=A Brief Introduction to Islamic Philosophy|isbn=978-0-7456-1960-6|date=2000-04-14}} * {{cite book|last=Corbin|first=Henry|author-link=Henry Corbin|title=History Of Islamic Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=UNfgAwAAQBAJ}}|date=23 June 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-19888-6|translator1-first=Liadain|translator1-last=Sherrard|translator2-first=Philip|translator2-last=Sherrard|translator2-link=Philip Sherrard|orig-year=1993}} * {{cite book|first1=Mehdi Amin Razavi|last1=Aminrazavi|first2=Seyyed Hossein|last2=Nasr|first3=Seyyed Hossein|last3=Nasr, PH.D.|title=The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=WNVcAgAAQBAJ}}|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-78105-6}} {{Refend}} === تاریخی موقدمه‌لر === {{Refbegin|30em}} ====عومومی==== * {{cite book|last=Oizerman|first=Teodor|author-link=Teodor Oizerman|others=translated by H. Campbell Creighton, M.A., Oxon|title=The Main Trends in Philosophy. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy|url=http://su-ltd.mylivepage.ru/file/2715/6529_OizermanT.I.-Main_trends_in_Philosophy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306000629/http://su-ltd.mylivepage.ru/file/2715/6529_OizermanT.I.-Main_trends_in_Philosophy.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-06|format=DjVu, etc.|access-date=20 January 2011|edition=2nd|year=1988|publisher=[[Progress Publishers]]|location=[[موسکو]]|isbn=978-5-01-000506-1|url-status=dead}} First published in Russian as {{Lang|ru|Главные философские направления}}. * [[Kathleen Higgins|Higgins, Kathleen M.]] and [[Robert C. Solomon|Solomon, Robert C.]] ''A Short History of Philosophy''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-510196-6|}} * [[ویل دورانت|Durant, Will]], ''Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the World's Greatest Philosophers'', Pocket, 1991, {{ISBN|978-0-671-73916-4|}} * {{cite book|last=Oizerman|first=Teodor|author-link=Teodor Oizerman|others=translated from Russian by Robert Daglish|title=Problems of the History of Philosophy|url=http://leninist.biz/en/1973/PHP462/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706145426/http://leninist.biz/en/1973/PHP462/index.html|archive-date=6 July 2011|access-date=20 January 2011|edition=1st|year=1973|publisher=[[Progress Publishers]]|location=[[موسکو]]|url-status=dead}} First published in Russian as {{Lang|ru|Проблемы историко-философской науки}}. ====چوخدانکی==== * Knight, Kelvin. ''Aristotelian Philosophy: Ethics and Politics from Aristotle to MacIntyre''. {{ISBN|978-0-7456-1977-4|}} ====اورتا عصر==== * ''The Phenomenology Reader'' by Dermot Moran, Timothy Mooney * Kim, J. and Ernest Sosa, Ed. (1999). ''Metaphysics: An Anthology''. Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. * {{cite book|first1=Edmund|last1=Husserl|first2=Donn|last2=Welton|title=The Essential Husserl: Basic Writings in Transcendental Phenomenology|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=hC2Ac8VGLacC}}|year=1999|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21273-3}} ====مودرن و موعاصیر==== * ''The English Philosophers from Bacon to Mill'' by Edwin Arthur * ''European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche'' by Monroe Beardsley * ''Existentialism: Basic Writings (Second Edition)'' by Charles Guignon, Derk Pereboom * Curley, Edwin, ''A Spinoza Reader'', Princeton, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-691-00067-1|}} * [[Alan Bullock|Bullock, Alan]], R.B. Woodings, and John Cumming, ''eds''. ''The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thinkers'', in series, ''Fontana Original[s]''. Hammersmith, Eng.: Fontana Press, 1992 [1983]. xxv, 867 p. {{ISBN|978-0-00-636965-3|}} * [[Roger Scruton|Scruton, Roger]]. ''A Short History of Modern Philosophy''. {{ISBN|978-0-415-26763-2|}} * ''Contemporary Analytic Philosophy: Core Readings'' by James Baillie * [[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]]. ''Thinking it Through&nbsp;&nbsp;– An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy'', 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-19-513458-2|}} * Critchley, Simon. ''Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction''. {{ISBN|978-0-19-285359-2|}} {{Refend}} === قایناق ایشلر === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |title = A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy |last = Chan |first = Wing-tsit |author-link = Wing-tsit Chan |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 1963 |isbn = 978-0-691-01964-2 |url = {{Google books|plainurl=y |id=dzmMaVTvUzAC}} }} * {{cite book |title = Essentials of Neo-Confucianism: Eight Major Philosophers of the Song and Ming Periods |last = Huang |first = Siu-chi |publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group |year = 1999 |isbn = 978-0-313-26449-8 |url = {{Google books|plainurl=y |id=sjzPPg8eK7sC}} }} * ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy'' by Robert Audi * ''The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (10 vols.) edited by Edward Craig, [[Luciano Floridi]] (available online by subscription); or * ''The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' edited by Edward Craig (an abridgement) * {{cite book|editor1-first=Paul|editor1-last=Edwards|editor-link=Paul Edwards (philosopher)|title=The Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=uqaajgEACAAJ}}|year=1967|publisher=Macmillan & Free Press}}; in 1996, a ninth supplemental volume appeared that updated the classic 1967 encyclopedia. * ''[[International Directory of Philosophy and Philosophers]]''. Charlottesville, Philosophy Documentation Center. * ''[[Directory of American Philosophers]]''. Charlottesville, Philosophy Documentation Center. * ''Routledge History of Philosophy'' (10 vols.) edited by John Marenbon * ''History of Philosophy'' (9 vols.) by [[Frederick Copleston]] * ''A History of Western Philosophy'' (5 vols.) by [[W.T. Jones (philosopher)|W.T. Jones]] * ''History of Italian Philosophy'' (2 vols.) by [[Eugenio Garin]]. Translated from Italian and Edited by Giorgio Pinton. Introduction by Leon Pompa. * ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophies'' (8 vols.), edited by Karl H. Potter et al. (first 6 volumes out of print) * ''Indian Philosophy'' (2 vols.) by [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] * ''A History of Indian Philosophy'' (5 vols.) by [[Surendranath Dasgupta]] * ''History of Chinese Philosophy'' (2 vols.) by Fung Yu-lan, Derk Bodde * ''Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-ming'' by Chan, Wing-tsit * ''Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy'' edited by Antonio S. Cua * ''Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion'' by Ingrid Fischer-Schreiber, Franz-Karl Ehrhard, Kurt Friedrichs * ''Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy'' by Brian Carr, Indira Mahalingam * ''A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English'' by John A. Grimes * ''History of Islamic Philosophy'' edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Oliver Leaman * ''History of Jewish Philosophy'' edited by Daniel H. Frank, Oliver Leaman * ''A History of Russian Philosophy: From the Tenth to the Twentieth Centuries'' by Valerii Aleksandrovich Kuvakin * Ayer, A.J. et al., Ed. (1994) ''A Dictionary of Philosophical Quotations''. Blackwell Reference Oxford. Oxford, Basil Blackwell Ltd. * Blackburn, S., Ed. (1996)''The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy''. Oxford, Oxford University Press. * Mautner, T., Ed. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy''. London, Penguin Books. * {{Cite book |editor-last=Runes |editor-first=D.|year=1942|title=The Dictionary of Philosophy|url=http://www.ditext.com/runes/ |access-date=27 December 2005 |archive-date=24 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424155352/http://www.ditext.com/runes/ |url-status=live |location=New York |publisher=The Philosophical Library, Inc.}} * Angeles, P.A., Ed. (1992). ''The HarperCollins Dictionary of Philosophy''. New York, Harper Perennial. * {{cite book|editor-first1=Nicholas|editor-last1=Bunnin|editor-first2=Eric|editor-last2=Tsui-James|title=The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy|url={{Google books|plainurl=y |id=HNWIcgEswrsC}}|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-99787-1}} * Hoffman, Eric, Ed. (1997) ''Guidebook for Publishing Philosophy''. Charlottesville, Philosophy Documentation Center. * Popkin, R.H. (1999). ''The Columbia History of Western Philosophy''. New York, Columbia University Press. * Bullock, Alan, and Oliver Stallybrass, ''jt. eds''. ''The Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought''. New York: Harper & Row, 1977. xix, 684 p. ''N.B''.: "First published in England under the title, ''The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought''." {{ISBN|978-0-06-010578-5}} * [[William L. Reese|Reese, W.L.]] ''Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion: Eastern and Western Thought''. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1980. iv, 644 p. {{ISBN|978-0-391-00688-1}} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ |PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. 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Polk | image = James Polk restored.jpg | office = 11th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[جورج ام. دالاس]] | term_start = March 4, 1845 | term_end = March 4, 1849 | predecessor = [[جان تایلر]] | successor = [[زکری تئیلور]] | office2 = 9th [[Governor of Tennessee]] | term_start2 = October 14, 1839 | term_end2 = October 15, 1841 | predecessor2 = [[نیوتون کانون]] | successor2 = [[جیمز سی. جونز]] | office3 = 13th [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] | term_start3 = December 7, 1835 | term_end3 = March 3, 1839 | predecessor3 = [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]] | successor3 = [[رابرت ام. تی. هانتر]] | office4 = Chair of the <br>[[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]] | term_start4 = March 4, 1833 | term_end4 = March 4, 1835 | predecessor4 = [[قولیان سی. ورپلانک]] | successor4 = [[چورچیل سی. کامبرلنق]] | office5 = Member of the<br />[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[تنسی ایالتی]] | term_start5 = March 4, 1825 | term_end5 = March 3, 1839 | predecessor5 = [[جان آلزاندر کوک]] | successor5 = [[هاروئی مئیج واترزون]] | constituency5 = [[Tennessee's 6th congressional district|6th district]] (1833&ndash;1839)<br>[[Tennessee's 9th congressional district|9th district]] (1825&ndash;1833) | birth_name = James Knox Polk | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1795|11|2}} | birth_place = [[Pineville, North Carolina]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1849|6|15|1795|11|2}} | death_place = [[نشویل]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cholera]] | restingplace = [[Tennessee State Capitol]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Sarah Childress Polk|Sarah Childress]]|January 1, 1824}} | education = [[قوزئی کارولینا چپل هیل بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | nickname = Young Hickory, Napoleon of the Stump | signature = James K Polk Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | parents = [[Samuel Polk]]<br />Jane Knox }} ''' جئیمز ناکس پولک''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]:James konx polk(دوغوم:۱۷۹۵،اؤلوم:۱۸۴۹) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۴۵ دن ۱۸۴۹ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==کیتابلار== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Bergeron|first=Paul H.|year=1986|title=The Presidency of James K. Polk|publisher=University of Kansas Press|location=Lawrence, Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-0319-0}} * {{cite book|last=Borneman|first=Walter R.|author-link=Walter R. Borneman|year=2008|title=Polk: The Man Who Transformed the Presidency and America|publisher=Random House|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/polkmanwhotransf00born|isbn=978-1-4000-6560-8}} * {{cite book|last1=Calabresi|first1=Steven G.|authorlink=Steven G. Calabresi|last2=Yoo|first2=Christopher S.|authorlink2=Christopher S. Yoo|year=2008|title=The Unitary Executive: Presidential Power from Washington to Bush|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, Connecticut|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=4sJhrLROSc8C}}|isbn=978-0-300-19139-4}} * {{cite journal|last=Chaffin|first=Tom|year=1995|title="Sons of Washington": Narciso López, Filibustering, and U.S. Nationalism, 1848–1851|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-early-republic_spring-1995_15_1/page/79|journal=Journal of the Early Republic|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|volume=15|issue=1|pages=79–108|jstor=3124384|doi=10.2307/3124384}} * {{cite book|last=Conniff|first=Michael L.|authorlink=Michael Conniff|year=2001|title=Panama and the United States: The Forced Alliance|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens, Georgia|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=Q67loLxB-eYC}}|isbn=978-0-8203-2348-0}} * {{cite book|last=Dusinberre|first=William|year=2003|title=Slavemaster President: The Double Career of James Polk|publisher=Oxford University Press USA|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/slavemasterpresi00dusi_0|isbn=978-0-19-515735-2}} * {{cite journal|last=Eisenhower|first=John S. D.|authorlink=John Eisenhower|year=1994|title=The Election of James K. Polk, 1844|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tennessee-historical-quarterly_summer-1994_53_2/page/n3|journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly|volume=53|issue=2|pages=74–87|issn=0040-3261}}. * {{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Amy S.|authorlink=Amy S. Greenberg|year=2012|title=A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=4a1sAAAAQBAJ}}|isbn=978-0-307-59269-9}} * {{cite journal|last=Greenstein|first=Fred I.|authorlink=Fred I. Greenstein|year=2010|title=The Policy-Driven Leadership of James K. Polk: Making the Most of a Weak Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2010-12_40_4/page/725|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=40|issue=4|pages=725–733|jstor=23044848|doi=10.1111/j.1741-5705.2010.03808.x}} * {{cite book|last=Haynes|first=Sam W.|year=1997|title=James K. Polk and the Expansionist Impulse|publisher=Longman|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/jameskpolkexpans00hayn|isbn=978-0-673-99001-3}} * {{cite journal|last=Lee, Jr.|first=Ronald C.|year=2002|title=Justifying Empire: Pericles, Polk, and a Dilemma of Democratic Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_polity_summer-2002_34_4/page/503|journal=Polity|volume=34|issue=4|pages=503–531|jstor=3235415|doi=10.1086/POLv34n4ms3235415}} * {{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Thomas M.|year=2000|title=James K. Polk: A Clear and Unquestionable Destiny|publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc.|location=Wilmington, Delaware|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=NQugPgduF0kC}}|isbn=978-0-8420-2647-5}}. * {{cite book|last=Merry|first=Robert W.|authorlink=Robert W. Merry|year=2009|title=A Country of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, the Mexican War, and the Conquest of the American Continent|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=FvvccDDEwMgC}}|isbn=978-0-7432-9743-1|ref=Merry}} * {{cite book|last=Pletcher|first=David M.|authorlink=David M. Pletcher|year=1973|title=The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War|publisher=University of Missouri|location=Columbia, Missouri|url=https://archive.org/details/diplomacyofannex00davi|isbn=978-0-8262-0135-5}} * {{cite book|last=Randall|first=Stephen J.|authorlink=Stephen Randall|title=Colombia and the United States: Hegemony and Interdependence|date=1992|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens, Georgia|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=FWiHAInapZQC}}|isbn=978-0-8203-1402-0}} * {{cite book |last=Remini|first=Robert V.|author-link=Robert V. Remini|year=1984|title=Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833–1845|publisher=Harper & Row Publishers, Inc.|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=GFYXfKlPhLkC}}|isbn=978-0-8018-5913-7}} * {{cite book|last1=Seigenthaler|first1=John|author-link=John Seigenthaler Sr|year=2004|title=James K. Polk|publisher=Times Books|location=New York, New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/jameskpolk0000seig|isbn=978-0-8050-6942-6}}, short popular biography. * {{cite book|last1=Truman|first1=Harry S.|authorlink1=Harry S. Truman|last2=Ferrell|first2=Robert H.|authorlink2=Robert H. Ferrell|year=1997|title=Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia, Missouri|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=DVVffTwVVy4C}}|isbn=978-0-8262-1119-4}} Letter to [[دین اچسون]] (unsent), August 26, 1960 * {{cite book|last=Woodworth|first=Steven E.|authorlink=Steven E. Woodworth|year=2010|title=Manifest Destinies: America's Westward Expansion and the Road to the Civil War|publisher=Albert A. Knopf|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=YE_KdW27HagC}}|isbn=978-0-307-26524-1}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== * Chaffin, Tom. ''Met His Every Goal? James K. Polk and the Legends of Manifest Destiny'' (University of Tennessee Press; 2014) 124 pages. * [[Bernard DeVoto|De Voto, Bernard]]. ''The Year of Decision: 1846''. Houghton Mifflin, 1943. * Dusinberre, William. "President Polk and the Politics of Slavery". ''American Nineteenth Century History'' 3.1 (2002): 1–16. {{ISSN|1466-4658}}. Argues he misrepresented strength of abolitionism, grossly exaggerated likelihood of slaves' massacring white families and seemed to condone secession. * Kornblith, Gary J. "Rethinking the Coming of the Civil War: a Counterfactual Exercise". ''Journal of American History'' 90.1 (2003): 76–105. {{ISSN|0021-8723}}. Asks what if Polk had not gone to war. * McCormac, Eugene Irving. ''James K. Polk: A Political Biography to the End of a Career, 1845–1849''. Univ. of California Press, 1922. (1995 reprint has {{ISBN|0-945707-10-X}}.) hostile to Jacksonians. * Morrison, Michael A. "Martin Van Buren, the Democracy, and the Partisan Politics of Texas Annexation". ''Journal of Southern History'' 61.4 (1995): 695–724. {{ISSN|0022-4642}}. Discusses the election of 1844. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54440370 online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524182017/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54440370 |date=2012-05-24 }}. * Pinheiro, John C. ''Manifest Ambition: James K. Polk and Civil-Military Relations during the Mexican War''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. * Sellers, Charles. ''James K. Polk, Jacksonian, 1795–1843'' (1957) [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;view=toc;idno=heb00748.0001.001 vol 1 online]; and ''James K. Polk, Continentalist, 1843–1846''. (1966) [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;view=toc;idno=heb00748.0002.001 vol 2 online]; long scholarly biography. * {{cite book|authorlink1=Joel H. Silbey|author=Silbey, Joel H. |title=A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgCJAgAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Wiley|pages=195–290|isbn=9781118609293 }} * Smith, Justin Harvey. ''The War with Mexico, Vol 1.'' (2 vol 1919), [https://archive.org/details/warwithmexico04smitgoog full text online]. * Smith, Justin Harvey. ''The War with Mexico, Vol. 2''. (2 vol 1919). [https://archive.org/details/warwithmexico02smitgoog full text online]; Pulitzer prize; still the standard source. *Winders, Richard Bruce. ''Mr. Polk's army: the American military experience in the Mexican war''. No. 51. Texas A&M University Press, 2001. ===Primary sources=== * Cutler, Wayne, et al. ''Correspondence of James K. Polk''. 1972–2004. {{ISBN|1-57233-304-9}}. Ten vol. scholarly edition of the complete correspondence to and from Polk. * Polk, James K. Polk: ''The Diary of a President, 1845–1849: Covering the Mexican War, the Acquisition of Oregon, and the Conquest of California and the Southwest''. Vol. 296. Capricorn Books, 1952. * Polk, James K. ''The Diary of James K. Polk During His Presidency, 1845–1849'' edited by Milo Milton Quaife, 4 vols. 1910. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3453762 Abridged version by Allan Nevins. 1929, online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524183312/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3453762 |date=2012-05-24 }}. ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{آمبار}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikisource author}} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamespolk White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122042541/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamespolk |date=2017-01-22 }} * [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/people/president/james-k-polk James K. Polk Presidential Papers Collection, The American Presidency Project] at the [[کالیفورنیا، سانتا باربارا بیلیم‌یوردو]] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|P000409}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=James Knox Polk |sopt=t}} * {{Librivox author|id=11285}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/polk/ James K. Polk: A Resource Guide], from the [[Library of Congress]] * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Polk-James-K James K. Polk's Personal Correspondence] Shapell Manuscript Foundation * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070721035700/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/polk Extensive essay on James K. Polk and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/polk.asp Inaugural Address of James K. Polk] from The Avalon Project at the [[Yale Law School]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090116212357/http://www.nchistoricsites.org/polk/polk.htm President James K. Polk State Historic Site, Pineville, North Carolina] from a [[شومالی کارولینا ایالتی]] website * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?123943-1/life-portrait-james-k-polk "Life Portrait of James K. Polk"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', May 28, 1999 {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان آلزاندر کوک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Tennessee's 6th congressional district]]|years=1825–1833}} {{S-aft|after=[[بالی پئیتون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام فیتزجرالد (سیاستچی)]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Tennessee's 9th congressional district]]|years=1833–1839}} {{S-aft|after=[[هاروئی مئیج واترزون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[قولیان سی. ورپلانک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]|years=1833–1835}} {{S-aft|after=[[چورچیل سی. کامبرلنق]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives]]|years=1835–1839}} {{S-aft|after=[[رابرت ام. تی. هانتر]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[نیوتون کانون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1839–1841}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمز سی. جونز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان تایلر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1845–1849}} {{S-aft|after=[[زکری تئیلور]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[Robert Armstrong (Tennessee politician)|Robert Armstrong]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1839, 1841, 1843}} {{S-aft|after=[[هارون وی. براون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[مارتین ون بورن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1844 United States presidential election|1844]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[لوئیس کاس]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to James K. Polk |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{USDemPresNominees}} {{Governors of Tennessee}} {{USHouseSpeaker}} {{US House Ways and Means chairs}} {{Polk cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1844}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|United States|Politics|Law}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:جیمز ناکس پولک]] [[بؤلمه:۱۷۹۵-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۴۹-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تنسی دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] hv3l781fe35qkzvbuntzcnf0fbudkts 0 19161 1590462 1579499 2026-07-12T17:11:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |image = Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg |office = 18th [[President of the United States]] |vicepresident = {{Unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[اسکایلر کولفکس]] (1869–1873)}}|[[هنری ویلسون]] (1873–1875)|''None'' (1875–1877){{Efn|Vice President Wilson died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}}} |term_start = March 4, 1869 |term_end = March 4, 1877 |predecessor = [[اندرو جانسون]] |successor = [[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]] |office1 = 6th [[Commanding General of the United States Army|Commanding General of the U.S. Army]] |president1 = {{Plainlist| * [[آبراهام لینکلون]] * [[اندرو جانسون]]}} |term_start1 = March 9, 1864 |term_end1 = March 4, 1869 |predecessor1 = [[Henry W. Halleck]] |successor1 = [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] |office2 = Acting [[United States Secretary of War]] |president2 = [[اندرو جانسون]] |term_start2 = August 12, 1867 |term_end2 = January 14, 1868 |predecessor2 = [[ادوین استانتون]] |successor2 = Edwin Stanton |birth_name = Hiram Ulysses Grant |nickname= Sam |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1822|4|27}} |birth_place = [[Point Pleasant, Ohio]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1885|7|23|1822|4|27}} |death_place = [[ویلتون، نیویورک]], U.S. |death_cause = [[Throat cancer]] |restingplace = [[Grant's Tomb]], New York City |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] |parents = {{Plainlist| * [[Jesse Root Grant]] * [[Hannah Simpson Grant]]}} |spouse = {{Marriage|[[Julia Grant|Julia Dent]]|August 22, 1848}} |children = {{دوز لیست|*[[فردریک دنت قرانت]] * [[Ulysses S. Grant Jr.|Ulysses Jr.]] * [[Nellie Grant|Nellie]] * [[جسی روت قرانت (سیاستچی)]]}} |education = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) |signature = UlyssesSGrantSignature.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |branch = {{Army|United States}} ([[Union Army]]) |serviceyears = {{Plainlist| * 1839–1854 * 1861–1869}} |rank = [[File:US Army General insignia (1866).svg|40px]] [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] |commands ={{Plainlist| * Company F, [[4th Infantry Regiment (United States)|4th Infantry]] * [[21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment|21st Illinois Infantry Regiment]] * District of Southeast Missouri * District of Cairo * [[Army of the Tennessee]] * [[Military Division of the Mississippi|Division of the Mississippi]] * [[United States Army]]}} |battles = {{Plainlist| * [[مکزیک-آمریکا ساواشی]] * [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]]}} }} [[فایل:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|بندانگشتی|یولیسیز سایمن گرانت]] ''' یولیسیز سایمن قرانت''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :Ulysses S.Grant (دوغوم:۱۸۲۲،اؤلوم:۱۸۸۵) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۸اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۶۹دن۱۸۷۷ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو}} {{Notelist}} {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو سوْنو}} ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== {{اساس|Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant}} {{Refbegin}} '''Biographical''' * {{cite journal |last= Anbinder |first=Tyler |title= Ulysses S. Grant, Nativist |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_civil-war-history_1997-06_43_2/page/119 |journal= Civil War History |volume= 43 |issue=2 |date = June 1997 |pages= 119–41 |ref=harv|doi=10.1353/cwh.1997.0086 }} * {{cite book |last=Badeau |first=Adam |authorlink=Adam Badeau |url=https://books.google.com/?id=aG1LAAAAYAAJ |title=Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mount McGregor |publisher=D. Appleton |location=New York |year=1887 |oclc=558211659 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Brands |first=H. W. |authorlink=H.W. Brands|title=The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-385-53241-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/manwhosavedunion0000bran |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Calhoun |first=Charles W. |title=The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant |authorlink=Charles W. Calhoun |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-7006-2484-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWXdswEACAAJ |ref=harv}} scholarly review and response by Calhoun at {{Doi|10.14296/RiH/2014/2270}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Edwina S. |title=Citizen of a Wider Commonwealth: Ulysses S. Grant's Postpresidential Diplomacy |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location= Illinois |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8093-3478-0 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=aZS-CwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Chernow |first=Ron |authorlink=Ron Chernow |title=Grant |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-59420-487-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRYcDgAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Louis |year=1917 |title=Ulysses S. Grant |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |location=Boston & New York |url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgrant00morsgoog|ref=harv}}; scholarly review at {{Doi|10.14296/RiH/2014/2270}} * {{cite journal| last=Dorsett |first=Lyle W. |title=The Problem of Ulysses S. Grant's Drinking During the Civil War |journal=Hayes Historical Journal |volume=4 |issue=2 |year=1983 |pages=37–49 |url=http://www.rbhayes.org/research/hayes-historical-journal-the-problem-of-ulysses-s.-grant/ |ref=harv}} * {{cite web|title=Election of 1872|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1872|publisher=American Presidency Project ™|ref={{SfnRef|Election of 1872}}|access-date=June 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811070310/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1872#|archive-date=August 11, 2011|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book |last=Hesseltine |first=William B. |authorlink=William B. Hesseltine |title=Ulysses S. Grant: Politician |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4wGAQAAIAAJ |location=New York City |publisher=F. Ungar Pub. Co. |year=1957 |origyear=1935 |isbn= 1-931313-85-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Howland |first=Edward |title=Grant as a soldier and Statesmen |authorlink= |publisher=J. B. Burr & Co. |year=1868 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/grantassoldierst00howl/page/n8 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Kahan|first=Paul|title=The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy|publisher=Westholme Publishing, LLC |location=Yardley, PA|date=2018 |ref=harv |isbn=978-1-59416-273-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1BvgAACAAJ }} * {{cite book |last=Longacre |first=Edward G. |title=General Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and the Man |publisher=First Da Capo Press |location=Cambridge, MA |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-306-81636-9|url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgrant00edwa |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} [https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgrant00edwa online free] * {{cite book |title=Grant's Last Battle: The Story Behind the Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant |last1=Mackowski |first1=Chris |last2=White |first2=Kristopher D.|publisher=Savas Beatie LLC|location=[[الدورادو هیلز، کالیفورنیا]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-61121-160-3 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=_5VICgAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=McFeely |first=William S. |editor=[[سی. وان وودوارد]] |authorlink=William S. McFeely |title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct |publisher=Delacorte Press |location=New York City |pages=[https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood/page/133 133]–162 |year=1974 |isbn=0-440-05923-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=McFeely |first=William S. |authormask=2 |title=Grant: A Biography |publisher= Norton |year=1981 |isbn= 0-393-01372-3 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=GdpmKTM5zTwC |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Nevins|first=Allan |authormask= |title=Dictionary of American Biography Bristow, Benjamin Helm|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|location=New York |year=1929 |pages=55–56|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Patrick |first=Rembert W. |title=The Reconstruction of the Nation |authorlink=Rembert W. Patrick |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |year=1968 |isbn=0-19-501016-7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ph1SAQAAIAAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite encyclopedia |ref={{SfnRef|Paxson & Bach 1931}} |year=1931 |title =Ulysses S. Grant |encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of American Biography]] |last1=Paxson |first1=Frederic Logan |last2=Bach |first2=Christian A. |volume=VII |pages=492–501 |publisher=C. Scribner's Sons |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofamer07ilamer#page/492/mode/2up}} * {{cite book |last=Perry |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Perry (author) |title=Grant and Twain: The Story of a Friendship That Changed America|publisher=Random House |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=0-679-64273-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/granttwainstoryo00perr |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Pletcher |first=David M. |title=The Diplomacy of Trade and Investment: American Economic Expansion in the Hemisphere, 1865–1900 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |location=Columbia |year=1998 |isbn=0-8262-1127-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/diplomacyoftrade00plet |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last1=Poore|first1=Benjamin Perley|last2=Tiffany|first2=O. H.|title=Life of U.S. Grant|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3V8fAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Life+of+U.S.+Grant+1885#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Edgewood Publishing Company|date=1885|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Pritchard |first=James A. |title=Preserving Yellowstone's Natural Conditions: Science and the Perception of Nature |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=[[لینکلن، نبراسکا]] |year=1999 |isbn=0-8032-3722-7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=YRKmm03VznYC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Richter |first=William L. |title=Historical Dictionary of the Civil War and Reconstruction |publisher=The Scarecrow Press, Inc. |location=Lanham, MD|edition=2 |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-8108-7817-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iImvlOwSAssC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Schmiel|first=Eugene D.|title=Citizen-General: Jacob Dolson Cox and the Civil War Era|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens|year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=sHjkAgAAQBAJ |ref=harv|isbn=978-0-8214-2082-9}} * {{cite book|last=Shevitz|first=Amy Hill|title=Antisemitism A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution|chapter=General Orders No. 11 (1862)|editor=Richard S. Levy|page=256|publisher=ABC CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|year=2005|volume=1|ref=harv}} * {{cite web |first=John Y. |last=Simon |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 01: 1837–1861 |editor=John Y. Simon |year=1967 |volume=2 |authormask=2 |url=https://msstate.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/USG_volume/id/15374 |location=Mississippi State University Libraries (electronic) |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |ref=harv |access-date=2020-05-20 |archive-date=2019-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718172634/https://msstate.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/USG_volume/id/15374 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-20 |archivedate=2019-07-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718172634/https://msstate.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/USG_volume/id/15374 }} * {{cite web |first=John Y. |last=Simon |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 02: April–September 1861 |year=1969 |volume=2 |authormask=2 |url=http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/USG_volume/id/16321/rec/2 |location=Mississippi |publisher= |ref=harv |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408034144/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/USG_volume/id/16321/rec/2 |archive-date=April 8, 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-20 |archivedate=2016-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408034144/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/USG_volume/id/16321/rec/2 }} * {{cite book |last=Simon |first=John Y. |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant: October 1, 1867 – June 30, 1868 |authormask=2 |publisher=SIU Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-8093-1693-9 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=96j0SSb1c8wC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Simon |first=John Y. |authormask=2 |chapter=Ulysses S. Grant |editor-last=Graff |editor-first=Henry |title=The Presidents: A Reference History |edition=7th |year=2002 |pages=245–260 |isbn=0-684-80551-0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Brooks D. |authorlink=Brooks D. Simpson |title=Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822–1865 |url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgranttri00simp |url-access=registration |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston, MA|year=2014 |orig-year=2000 |isbn=978-0-395-65994-6 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward | authorlink=Jean Edward Smith|title=Grant |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York|year=2001 |isbn=0-684-84927-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/grant00smit |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Sproat|first=John G. |editor=[[سی. وان وودوارد]] |title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct |publisher=Delacorte Press |location=New York City |pages=163–176 |year=1974 |isbn=0-440-05923-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Taylor |first=M. Scott |title=Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=101 |issue=7 |date=December 2011 |pages=3162–3195 |jstor=41408734 |ref=harv|doi=10.1257/aer.101.7.3162 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w12969.pdf }} * {{cite journal |last=Waltmann |first=Henry G. |title=Circumstantial Reformer: President Grant & the Indian Problem |journal=Arizona and the West |volume=13 |issue=4 |date=Winter 1971 |pages=323–342 |jstor=40168089 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Wang |first=Xi |title=The Trial of Democracy: Black Suffrage and Northern Republicans, 1860–1910|publisher=The University of Georgia Press|location=Athens|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8203-4206-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Rn8AAAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last= Ward |first= Geoffrey C. |authorlink= Geoffrey C. Ward |title= A Disposition to Be Rich: How a Small-Town Pastor's Son Ruined an American President, Brought on a Wall Street Crash, and Made Himself the Best-Hated Man in the United States |date= 2012 |publisher= Knopf |isbn= 978-0-679-44530-2 |location= New York |ref= harv |url= https://archive.org/details/dispositiontober0000ward }} * {{cite book |last=Waugh |first=Joan |title=U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |year=2009 |authorlink=Joan Waugh |isbn=978-0-8078-3317-9 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=AnH6-AlKACUC |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Allen | authorlink=Allen Weinstein |title=Was There a 'Crime of 1873'?: The Case of the Demonetized Dollar |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1967-09_54_2/page/307 |journal=Journal of American History |year=1967 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=307–326 |jstor=1894808 |ref=harv|doi=10.2307/1894808 }} * {{cite book |title=American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant |last=White |first=Ronald C. |authorlink = Ronald C. White|publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-58836-992-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=TPNRCwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Woodward |first=C. Vann |authorlink=C. Vann Woodward |title=The Lowest Ebb |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/content/lowest-ebb |journal=American Heritage |volume = 8 |number = 3 |date=April 1957 |pages= 53–108 |issn=0002-8738 |ref=harv }} * {{cite web |title=5-cent Grant |first=Alexander T. |last=Haimann |publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum |url=http://arago.si.edu/category_2032675.html |year=2006 |accessdate=November 14, 2016 |ref=harv }}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2007/898/ifdp898.htm |title=Three Great American Disinflations: 1. introduction |publisher=U.S. Federal Reserve Board |accessdate=December 17, 2016 |ref=Federal Reserve}} * {{cite news|author=|title=Today's historians have a higher opinion of Ulysses S. Grant|url=https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21729978-though-his-presidency-was-famous-corruption-his-personal-integrity-and|work=[[The Economist]]|date=October 5, 2017 |ref=opinion}} '''Military & Politics''' * {{cite book |last=Barney |first=William L. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Civil War |publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc |location=Oxford |year=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=5b4qd_NKXicC |ref=harv |isbn=978-0-19-978201-7}} * {{cite journal|last=Bell|first=Robert A.|title=The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and the Sioux: Is the United States Honoring the Agreements it Made?|journal=Indigenous Policy Journal|volume= XXVIII|number=3|date=2018 |url=https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=42&page=transcript |ref=harv}} * {{cite website|last=Blakemore|first=Erin|title=During the Civil War, Gen. Ulysses Grant Began Expelling Southern Jews—Until Lincoln Stepped In |url=https://www.history.com/news/ulysses-grant-expulsion-jews-civil-war|date=July 23, 2019|website=History.com|ref=harv|access-date=January 1, 2020}} * {{cite book |last1=Burdekin |first1=Richard C.K.|last2=Siklos|first2=Pierre L.|title=Routledge Handbook of Major Events in Economic History|chapter=Gold Resumption and the Deflation of the 1870s|editor=Randall E. Parker |editor2=Robert M. Whaples|publisher=Routledge|location=New York City|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-67703-5 |ssrn=2030878 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203067871/chapters/10.4324/9780203067871-12 |ref=harv|doi=10.4324/9780203067871}} * {{cite book |last=Bonekemper |first=Edward H. |title=Grant and Lee |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Regnery History |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-62157-010-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKZmLgEACAAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authorlink=Bruce Catton |title=This Hallowed Ground: A History of the Civil War|publisher=Vintage Books |year=1998 |location=New York|isbn=978-0-307-94708-6 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=UvbL0ctV9h0C |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authorlink=Bruce Catton |authormask=2 |title=The Civil War |publisher=American Heritage |location=New York |year=1960 |isbn=0-618-00187-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=lSOwSO5l5OUC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authormask=2 |title=Terrible Swift Sword |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday|year=1963 |oclc=7474086 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NthXAAAAYAAJ |ref=harv|isbn=978-1-84212-293-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authormask=2 |title=Grant Takes Command |location=Boston |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2015 |orig-year=1968 |isbn=978-0-316-13210-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/granttakescomman00bruc_0 |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Coffey |first=David |title=The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=[[سنتا باربارا، کالیفورنیا]]|editor=[[Spencer C. Tucker]] |volume=1 |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-85109-697-8|ref=harv}} * {{cite web |last=Cullum |first=George W. |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy |url=https://books.google.com/?id=rB1XAAAAcAAJ&vq=brevet |publisher=Houghton Mifflin And Company |location=[[بوستون]] |year=1850 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authormask=2|title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy |url=https://books.google.com/?id=f384AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22july+1%22#v=onepage&q=%22july%201%22&f=false |volume=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin And Company |location=[[بوستون]] |year=1891 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=DiNunzio |first=Mario R. |title=Lyman Trumbull, the States' Rights Issue, and the Liberal Republican Revolt |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-illinois-state-historical-society_winter-1973_66_4/page/364 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |date=Winter 1973 |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=364–375 |jstor=40190731 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Donovan |first=James |title=A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn – The Last Great Battle of the American West |publisher=Little, Brown |location=Boston |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-316-06747-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316155786 |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Farina |first=William |title=Ulysses S. Grant, 1861–1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness |url=https://books.google.com/?id=LiXipzGjMxsC |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Co |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7864-2977-6 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Flood |first=Charles Bracelen |title= Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=New York|isbn=0-06-114871-7 |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf3al_EYEPkC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Foner |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Foner |title=Reconstruction America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877 Updated Version |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=New York |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-06-235451-8 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=FhvA0S_op38C |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Franklin |first=John Hope |title=The Enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 |publisher=Prologue |year=1974 |url=http://studylib.net/doc/8205613/the-enforcement-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1875 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Donald L. |title=Vicksburg: Grant's Campaign That Broke the Confederacy |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4516-4137-0 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=wxyzDwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |title=U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=United States Naval Institute |location=Annapolis, MD |year=1985 |isbn=0-87021-715-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y41Ha_3HsrYC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Goethals |first=George R. |title=Presidential Leadership and African Americans |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-138-81424-0 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=aPyTBwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Groom |first=Winston |title=Shiloh 1862 |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=7_9IKUH3OXgC|isbn=978-1-4262-0879-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Lloyd |title=Captain Sam Grant |location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown |year=1950 |isbn=0-316-52348-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/captainsamgrant00lewi_0 |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Kaczorowski |first=Robert J. |title=Federal Enforcement of Civil Rights During the First Reconstruction |url=http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1591&context=ulj |year=1995 |journal=Fordham Urban Law Journal |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=155–186 |issn=2163-5978 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Kohn |first=George C. |title=The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal |publisher=Facts on File, Inc. |location=New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-8160-4420-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=uzdWTBytwAIC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=McCormick |first=Robert R. |title=Ulysses S. Grant The Great Soldier of America |url=https://archive.org/stream/ulyssessgrantthe017981mbp#page/n7/mode/2up |publisher=D. Appleton-Century Company Incorporated |location=New York |date=1934 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Nevins |first=Allan |authorlink=Allan Nevins |title=Hamilton Fish: The Inner History of the Grant Administration |location=New York |publisher=Dodd, Mead |year=1936 |volume=2 |asin=B00085BDXU |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Wvl2AAAAMAAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Porter |first=Lorle |title=Politics & Peril: Mount Vernon, Ohio in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/?id=MBS-WO5oYiQC |location=Zanesville, OH|publisher=New Concord Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-887932-25-9 |ref=harv }} * {{cite journal |title=The Oral Tumours of two American Presidents: What If They Were Alive Today?|last1=Renehan |first1=A |last2=Lowry |first2=J C |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|date=July 1995 |volume=88|issue=7|pmc=1295266|pmid=7562805|pages=377–383|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Sarna |first=Jonathan D. |authorlink=Jonathan Sarna |title=When General Grant Expelled the Jews |publisher=Schocken Books |location=New York |year=2012a |isbn=978-0-8052-4279-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0GLlNrxhlQC |ref=harv}} * {{cite magazine |last=Sarna |first=Jonathan D. |authormask=2 |title=When Gen. Grant Expelled the Jews |magazine=Slate |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2012/03/ulysses_s_grant_and_general_orders_no_11_how_the_infamous_order_changed_the_lives_of_jews_in_america_.html |date=March 13, 2012b |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Scher |first=Richard K. |title=Politics in the New South: Republicanism, Race and Leadership in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8KlDQAAQBAJ |year=2015 |orig-year=1997 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-56324-848-1 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Simon |first=John Y. |authorlink=John Y. Simon |year=1965 |title=From Galena to Appomattox: Grant and Washburne |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-illinois-state-historical-society_summer-1965_58_2/page/165 |jstor=i40006018 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=58 |number=2|pages=165–189 |doi= |ref=harv}} * {{cite book| title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History |editor=[[Spencer C. Tucker|Tucker, Spencer C.]] |volume=1 |year=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[سنتا باربارا، کالیفورنیا]] |isbn=978-1-85109-853-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVQcZpic-8C&vq=brevet |ref={{SfnRef|Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War 2013}}}} * {{cite book|last=Venable|first=Shannon |title=Gold: A Cultural Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBGzEK4laJ0C&pg=PA66 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |ref=harv |isbn=978-0-313-38430-1}} * {{cite book| last=Wheelan |first=Joseph |title=Bloody Spring: Forty Days that Sealed the Confederacy's Fate |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=[[بوستون]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-306-82206-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOFzAgAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} '''Primary sources''' * {{cite book |last=Grant |first=Ulysses S. |url=http://www.bartleby.com/1011/ |title=Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant|publisher=C.L. Webster & Co. |year=1885 |ref=harv}} – Many editions in paper and online; ends in 1865 * {{cite web |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant |url=http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/USG_volume |year=1967–2009 |editor-last=Simon |editor-first=John Y. |publisher=Mississippi State University |access-date=April 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013080137/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/USG_volume# |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-20 |archivedate=2016-10-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013080137/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/USG_volume }} * {{cite web|last1=Peters|first1=Gerhard|last2=Woolley|first2=John T.|title=1868 Democratic Party Platform|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29579|publisher=The American Presidency Project|year=2018b|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-05-20|archivedate=2015-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803193830/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29579}} * {{cite web|last1=Peters|first1=Gerhard|last2=Woolley|first2=John T.|title=Republican Party Platform of 1868|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29622|publisher=The American Presidency Project|year=2018a|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-05-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222104901/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29622}} * {{cite book |authorlink=John Russell Young |last=Young |first=John Russell |year=1879a |publisher=The American News Company|location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/aroundworldwith01youngoog |title=Around the World with General Grant, Vol. I |ref=harv}} * {{cite newspaper|title=Gen. Grant and the Jews.|newspaper=New York Times|date=January 18, 1863|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/18/archives/gen-grant-and-the-jews.html|ref={{SfnRef|New York Times (01-18-1863)}}}} '''Historiography''' * {{cite journal |last=Bonekemper |first=Edward H. |title=The Butcher's Bill: Ulysses S. Grant Is Often Referred to as a 'Butcher,' But Does Robert E. Lee Actually Deserve That Title? |journal=Civil War Times |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=36–43 |oclc=67618265 |date=April 2011 |ref=harv |url=https://www.historynet.com/the-butchers-bill.htm}} * {{cite book|last=Diller|first=Daniel C.|title=Guide to the Presidency|editor=Michael Nelson|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|year=1996|isbn=1-56802-018-X|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oa_lCAAAQBAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Ferraro|first=William M.. |title=Old and New Views of Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and The Man|journal=Journal of Military History|volume=83|issue=1 |pages=195–212|date=January 2019|ref=harv}} * {{cite news |date=November 2, 2012 |title='The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses Grant in War and Peace' by H. W. Brands (book review) |first=Eric |last=Foner |url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-02/opinions/35505074_1_brands-historians-centuries-and-genres |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=Washington, DC|issn=0190-8286 |ref=harv |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110050417/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-02/opinions/35505074_1_brands-historians-centuries-and-genres |archivedate=November 10, 2013 }} * {{cite news|last=Foner|first=Eric|authormask=2|title=Why Reconstruction Matters|newspaper=New York Times Opinion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/opinion/sunday/why-reconstruction-matters.html|date=March 28, 2015a|ref=harv }} * {{cite news |last=Foner |first=Eric |authormask=3 |title=Ulysses S. Grant Died 130 Years Ago. Racists Hate Him, But Historians No Longer Do. |work=Huffington Post |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ulysses-s-grant-died-130-years-ago-today-racists-hated-him-but-historians-no-longer-do_us_55afe547e4b0a9b948535f6e |date=July 23, 2015b|ref=harv}} * {{cite magazine |last=Hunt |first=Linda Lawrence |title='American Ulysses' writer Ronald C. White explains why Grant is so often misunderstood |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2017/0727/American-Ulysses-writer-Ronald-C.-White-explains-why-Grant-is-so-often-misunderstood |magazine=The Christian Science Monitor |publisher=The Christian Science Monitor |location=[[بوستون]], [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] |date=July 27, 2017 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Mike |date=October 2015 |title=Grant's Drinking or... The Beast That Will Not Die |journal=Journal of Military History |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=1109–1119 |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Maslin |first=Janet |title=In Ron Chernow's 'Grant,' an American Giant's Makeover Continues|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/books/review-grant-biography-ron-chernow.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=October 13, 2017 |ref=maslin}} * {{cite web|last1=Osborne|first1=John M.|last2=Bombaro|first2=Christine|title=Forgotten Abolitionist: John A. J. Creswell of Maryland|url=http://scholar.dickinson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1387&context=faculty_publications|type=PDF|publisher=Dickinson College|location=Carlisle, PA|website=scholar.dickinson.edu|year=2015|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-05-20|archivedate=2017-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118051311/http://scholar.dickinson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1387&context=faculty_publications}} * {{cite book |last1=Price |first1=Kay |last2=Hendricks |first2=Marian |title=Galena |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=UisiV29nrSgC |publisher= Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=978-0-7385-5114-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal| last=Rafuse |first=Ethan S. |title=Still a Mystery? General Grant and the Historians, 1981–2006 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-military-history_2007-07_71_3/page/849 |journal=Journal of Military History |date=July 2007 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=849–874 |doi=10.1353/jmh.2007.0230 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last= Russell | first=Henry M. W. |title=The Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant: The Rhetoric of Judgment |journal= Virginia Quarterly Review |date=Spring 1990 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=189–209 |issn=0042-675X |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Stiles |first=T. J. |authorlink=T. J. Stiles |date=October 19, 2016 |title=Ulysses S. Grant: New Biography of 'A Nobody From Nowhere' |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/23/books/review/american-ulysses-ronald-c-white.html?_r=0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Edmund |title=Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War |year=1962 |isbn=0-393-31256-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPpkiosd5MgC|ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Zimmerman |first=Jonathan |title=Why should we pay our ex-presidents? |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-11-12/opinion/ct-oped-1112-pension-20101112_1_presidential-pension-government-pension-james-monroe |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=November 12, 2010 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |ref=harv |archivedate=2017-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203024/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-11-12/opinion/ct-oped-1112-pension-20101112_1_presidential-pension-government-pension-james-monroe }} * {{cite web | title = General Ulysses S. Grant Memorial, (sculpture)| work = Collections Search Center | publisher = Smithsonian Institution |date = 2014 | url = http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_ari_22185 |ref=memorial}} * {{cite web|title=The Brink of Extinction – and recovery |work=Bison Ecology |publisher=National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park |url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/bisoninfo.htm |accessdate=December 26, 2016 |ref=bison}} * {{cite web |title=Ulysses S. Grant Memorial |publisher=U.S. Government: Capitol Visiting Center |url=http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-grounds/ulysses-s-grant-memorial |accessdate=June 27, 2016 |ref=visit}} * {{cite book |last1=Killanin |first1= Baron Michael Morris |last2=Duignan |first2=Michael V. |year=1989 |title=The Shell Guide to Ireland |url=https://books.google.com/?id=B6cMAQAAMAAJ&dq=hannah+simpson+grant+Ballygawley+tyrone&q=%22hannah+simpson%22 |location=Park West, Dublin, Ireland |publisher=Gill and Macmillan |page=62 |isbn=978-0-7171-1595-2 |via=[[Google Books]] |ref={{SfnRef|Killanin, 1989, p. 62}}}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/fs/doc/new_range_of_ulster-scots_booklets/US_and_USA_Presidents_BK3_AW_6.pdf|title=Ulster-Scots and the United States Presidents|publisher=[[Ulster-Scots Agency]]|page=3 |accessdate=July 12, 2010 |ref={{SfnRef|Ulster-Scots and the US Presidents, p. 3}} }} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * [https://www.nps.gov/ulsg/index.htm Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site Missouri] – National Park Service * [http://www.usgrantlibrary.org/ Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820204345/http://www.usgrantlibrary.org/ |date=2015-08-20 }} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/grant/index.html Ulysses S. Grant: A Resource Guide] – [[Library of Congress]] ([https://www.loc.gov/collections/ulysses-s-grant-papers/about-this-collection/ COLLECTION: Ulysses S. Grant Papers]) * {{Gutenberg author| id=Grant,+Ulysses+S.+(Ulysses+Simpson)}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Ulysses Simpson Grant}} * {{Librivox author|id=296}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/?collection=18 Ulysses S. Grant Personal Manuscripts] * {{cite web|title=Grant|url=https://www.history.com/shows/grant|accessdate=May 15, 2020}} Three-Night Miniseries Event Premieres Memorial Day 05-25-2020 at 9/8c<br> '''TV-PG V''' ''Violent war scenes depicted.'' {{Ulysses S. Grant |state=collapsed}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list= {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{S-bef|before=[[Henry W. Halleck]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Commanding General of the United States Army]]|years=1864–1869}} {{S-aft|after=[[William Tecumseh Sherman]]}} {{S-break}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[ادوین استانتون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting [[United States Secretary of War]]|years=1867–1868}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوین استانتون]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[اندرو جانسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1869–1877}} {{S-aft|after=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[آبراهام لینکلون]]}} {{S-ttl|title={{Nowrap|[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[President of the United States]]}}|years=[[1868 United States presidential election|1868]], [[1872 United States presidential election|1872]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-npo|nra}} {{S-bef|before=[[E. L. Molineux]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of presidents of the National Rifle Association|President of the NRA]]|years=1883–1884}} {{S-aft|after=[[فیلیپ شرایدن]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Ulysses S. Grant |list= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Grant cabinet}} {{US Army Chiefs of Staff}} {{American Civil War |state=collapsed}} {{Reconstruction Era}} {{Hall of Fame for Great Americans}} {{United States presidential election, 1868}} {{United States presidential election, 1872}} {{United States presidential election, 1876}} {{United States presidential election, 1880}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|American Civil War|Ohio|Illinois|Politics|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:یولیسیز سایمن گرانت]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۲۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۵-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ایلینوی جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] n3du9syx1r47onjrq183unfxffkfzrz 0 19162 1590450 1574377 2026-07-12T16:48:44Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Chester Alan Arthur.jpg | order = 21st | office = President of the United States | term_start = September 19, 1881 | term_end = March 4, 1885 | vicepresident = ''None''{{Efn|Arthur was Vice President under [[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]] and became President upon [[Assassination of James A. Garfield|Garfield's death]] on September 19, 1881. This was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, and a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next election and inauguration.}} | predecessor = [[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]] | successor = [[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]] | order1 = 20th | office1 = Vice President of the United States | president1 = [[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]] | term_start1 = March 4, 1881 | term_end1 = September 19, 1881 | predecessor1 = [[ویلیام ا. ویلر]] | successor1 = [[توماس ای. هندریکس]] | order2 = 10th Chairman of the <br> [[New York Republican State Committee|New York Republican Party]] | term_start2 = September 11, 1879 | term_end2 = October 11, 1881 | predecessor2 = John F. Smyth | successor2 = [[B. Platt Carpenter]] | order3 = 21st [[Collector of the Port of New York]] | term_start3 = December 1, 1871 | term_end3 = July 11, 1878 | appointer3 = [[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]] | predecessor3 = [[Thomas Murphy (Collector)|Thomas Murphy]] | successor3 = [[Edwin Atkins Merritt]] | module = {{Collapsed infobox section begin|State militia offices | cont = yes | titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office4 = Engineer-in-Chief of the [[New York Guard|New York Militia]] | term_start4 = January 1, 1861 | term_end4 = January 1, 1863 | predecessor4 = George F. Nesbitt | successor4 = Isaac Vanderpoel<ref name="NYCL p170-171">''The New-York Civil List'', pp. 170–171.</ref> | office5 = Inspector General of the New York Militia | term_start5 = April 14, 1862 | term_end5 = July 12, 1862 | predecessor5 = [[Marsena R. Patrick]] | successor5 = Cuyler Van Vechten<ref name="NYCL p170-171"/> | office6 = Quartermaster General of the New York Militia | term_start6 = July 27, 1862 | term_end6 = January 1, 1863 | predecessor6 = Cuyler Van Vechten | successor6 = Sebastian Visscher Talcott<ref name="NYCL p170-171"/>{{Collapsed infobox section end}} | birth_name = Chester Alan Arthur | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1829|10|5}} | birth_place = [[Fairfield, Vermont]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1886|11|18|1829|10|5}} | death_place = [[نیویورک]], U.S. | death_cause = <!--Per template guidelines, this parameter "should not be filled in for unremarkable deaths such as those from old age or routine illness."--> | restingplace = [[Albany Rural Cemetery]]<br />[[Menands, New York]], U.S. | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] (1854–1886) | otherparty = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] (before 1854) | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nell Arthur|Ellen Herndon]]|October 25, 1859|January 12, 1880|reason=died}} | children = 3 (including [[Chester Alan Arthur II|Chester II]]) | profession = {{Hlist|Lawyer|civil servant}} | education = [[یونین کالجی]]<br/>[[State and National Law School]] | signature = Chester Alan Arthur Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | branch = {{بایراقچه|New York|1778}} [[New York Army National Guard|New York Militia]] | serviceyears = 1857–1863 | unit = Second Brigade, New York Militia<br />Staff of Governor [[ادوین دی. مورقان]] | rank = [[File:Union army brig gen rank insignia.jpg|25px]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier general]] | battles = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]] }} }} ''' چستر آلن آرتور''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :Chaster alan arthur (دوغوم:۱۸۲۹،اؤلوم:۱۸۸۶) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۸۱دن۱۸۸۵ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق | colwidth = 25em | refs = <ref name="Arthur 1884"> {{cite web | url = http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur%27s_Fourth_State_of_the_Union_Address | title = Fourth State of the Union Address | first = Chester A. | last = Arthur | year = 1884 | publisher = Wikisource, The Free Library | accessdate = July 15, 2011 }} </ref> <ref name="Kim-Dwor"> Lewis A. Kimmel, ''Federal-Budget and Fiscal Policy 1789–1958'', (Washington, D. C.: The Brooking Institute, 1959). Cited in Dworsky: "The temptation to squander money was overwhelming; the Rivers and Harbors Act passed over (President) Arthur's veto in 1882 demonstrated how strongly it lay upon the Congress." </ref> {{Sfn|"Supreme Court Nominations"}} {{Sfn|"Blatchford"}} }} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{Refbegin}} ===کیتابلار=== * {{cite book | title = The Naval History of the United States | volume = 2 | last = Abbot | first = Willis J. | authorlink = Willis J. Abbot | publisher = Peter Fenelon Collier | year = 1896 | oclc = 3453791 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/26416 | ref = {{SfnRef|Abbot}} }} * {{cite book |last=Aubin |first=J. Harris |date=1906 |title=Register of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MoXlAAAAMAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MoXlAAAAMAAJ/page/n27 20] |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Commandery of Massachusetts |ref={{SfnRef|Aubin}} }} * {{cite book | title = The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction | url = https://archive.org/details/promiseofnewsout0000ayer_h6c1 | last = Ayers | first = Edward L. | authorlink = Edward L. Ayers | year = 2007 | origyear = 1992 | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-19-532688-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Ayers}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Brooks |first1=Tim |last2=Marsh |first2=Earle F. |date=2007 |title=The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=w8KztFy6QYwC&pg=PA233 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=978-0-345-49773-4 |ref={{SfnRef|''The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present''}} }} * {{cite book |last=Department of Oregon, Grand Army of the Republic |date=1919 |title=Journal of the Annual Encampment |url=https://books.google.com/?id=9bIPB0S4iegC&pg=PA83 |location=Salem, OR |publisher=State Publishing Department |ref={{SfnRef|Department of Oregon}} }} * {{cite book | last1 = Doyle | first1 = Burton T. | last2 = Swaney | first2 = Homer H. | date = 1881 | title = Lives of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur | url = https://archive.org/details/livesofjamesa00doyle | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Rufus H. Darby | ref = {{SfnRef|Doyle & Swaney}} }} * {{cite book | title = The Presidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur | last = Doenecke | first = Justus D. | year = 1981 | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, Kansas | isbn = 978-0-7006-0208-7 | ref = {{SfnRef|Doenecke}} | url = https://archive.org/details/presidenciesofja00doen }} * {{cite book | last = Feldman | first = Ruth Tenzer | year = 2006 | title = Chester A. Arthur | publisher = Twenty-First Century Books | isbn = 978-0-8225-1512-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Feldman}} | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/chesteraarthur0000feld }} * {{cite book |last=Ferris |first=Gary W. |date=1999 |title=Presidential Places: A Guide to the Historic Sites of U.S. Presidents |url=https://books.google.com/?id=AVvOyszUlpEC&pg=PA127 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=R. R. Donnelly and Sons |isbn=978-0-89587-176-3 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Louis |date=2014 |title=The Law of the Executive Branch: Presidential Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmDwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-985621-3 |ref={{SfnRef|Fisher}} }} * {{cite book |last=Greenberger |first=Scott S. |date=2017 |title=The Unexpected President: The Life and Times of Chester A. Arthur |url=https://archive.org/details/unexpectedpresid0000gree |publisher=Da Capo |page=xii |isbn=978-0-30-682389-3 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Hambley |first=Del |date=2008 |title=Presidential Footprints |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3lxZHZFTp4C&pg=PA103 |location=Indianapolis, IN |publisher=Dog ear Publishing |isbn=978-159858-800-2 |ref={{SfnRef|Hambley}} }} * {{cite book | last = Hoogenboom | first = Ari | authorlink = Ari Hoogenboom | title = Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700606412 | year = 1995 | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, Kansas | isbn = 978-0-7006-0641-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Hoogenboom}} }} * {{cite book | title = Chester A. Arthur, A Quarter-Century of Machine Politics | last = Howe | first = George F. | year = 1966 | origyear = 1935 | publisher = F. Ungar Pub. Co | location = New York | asin = B00089DVIG | ref = {{SfnRef|Howe}} }} * {{cite book |last=Hudson |first=David L. |date=2012 |title=The Handy Presidents Answer Book |url=https://archive.org/details/handypresidentsa0000huds |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/handypresidentsa0000huds/page/246 246] |location=Canton, MI |publisher=Visible Ink Press |ref={{SfnRef|Hudson}} |isbn=978-1-57859-317-0 }} * {{cite book | title = Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier's Life | url = https://archive.org/details/winfieldscotthan0000jord_g7v7 | last = Jordan | first = David M. | year = 1988 | publisher = Indiana University Press | location = Bloomfield, Indiana | isbn = 978-0-253-36580-4 | ref = {{SfnRef|Jordan}} }} * {{cite book | title = Chester Alan Arthur | last = Karabell | first = Zachary | authorlink = Zachary Karabell | year = 2004 | publisher = Henry Holt & Co | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8050-6951-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Karabell}} | url = https://archive.org/details/chesteralanarthu00kara }} * {{cite book|last1=McCabe|first1=James D.|title=Our Martyred President&nbsp;... : The Life and Public Services of Gen. James A. Garfield|url=https://archive.org/details/ourmartyredpres00mccarich|date=1881|publisher=National Publishing Company|ref={{SfnRef|McCabe}}}} * {{cite book |last=McCrory |first=Thomas J. |date=2005 |title=Department of Wisconsin, Grand Army of the Republic |url=https://books.google.com/?id=JeuBye82K0EC&pg=PA100 |location=Black Earth, WI |publisher=Trails Books |ref={{SfnRef|Department of Wisconsin}} |isbn=1-931599-28-9 }} * {{cite book | title = Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester A. Arthur | url = https://archive.org/details/gentlemanbosslif00reev | url-access = registration | last = Reeves | first = Thomas C. | authorlink = Thomas C. Reeves | year = 1975 | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-394-46095-6 | ref = harv }} * Rhodes, James Ford. ''History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896'' (1919) [https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst04rhodgoog online complete]; old, factual and heavily political, by winner of Pulitzer Prize * {{cite book |last=University of the State of New York |date=1883 |title=Annual Report of the Board of Regents |volume=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rx0tAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA21 |location=Albany, NY |publisher=Weed, Parsons & Company |ref={{SfnRef|University of the State of New York}} }} * {{cite book |last=Vermont Bureau of Publicity |date=1913 |title=Vermont: The Land of Green Mountains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo0UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA84 |location=Montpelier, VT |publisher=Vermont Secretary of State |ref={{SfnRef|Vermont Bureau of Publicity}} }} * {{cite book |last=Werner |first=Edgar A. |date=1889 |title=The New-York Civil List |url=https://books.google.com/?id=gXM1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA170 |location=Albany, NY |publisher=Weed, Parsons & Co. |pages=170–171 }} ===مقاله‌لر=== * {{cite journal | title = Diplomatic Reversal: Frelinghuysen's Opposition to Blaine's Pan-American Policy in 1882 | journal = The Mississippi Valley Historical Review | first = Russell H. | last = Bastert | volume = 42 | issue = 4 |date=March 1956 | jstor = 1889232 | ref = {{SfnRef|Bastert}} | pages = 653–671 | doi = 10.2307/1889232 }} * {{cite news |last=Bowman |first=Donna |date=September 24, 2007 |title=How I Met Your Mother: "Wait For It" |url=https://tv.avclub.com/how-i-met-your-mother-wait-for-it-1798203106 |work=AV Club |location=Chicago, IL |access-date=September 1, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|"How I Met Your Mother: "Wait For It""}} |archivedate=2020-07-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727212716/https://tv.avclub.com/how-i-met-your-mother-wait-for-it-1798203106 }} * {{cite web |ref=Chester A. Arthur |title=Chester A. Arthur |url=http://newyorkcitystatues.com/chester-a-arthur/ |publisher=New York City Statues |accessdate=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013092658/http://newyorkcitystatues.com/chester-a-arthur/ |archivedate=October 13, 2012 }} * {{cite journal | title = The Present Status of Our Immigration Laws and Policies | journal = The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly | first = C.P. | last = Hutchinson | volume = 25 | issue = 2 |date=April 1947 | jstor = 3348178 | ref = {{SfnRef|Hutchinson}} | pages = 161–173 | doi = 10.2307/3348178 }} * {{cite journal | title = A Black Cadet At West Point | journal = American Heritage | first = John F., Jr. | last = Marszalek | authorlink = John F. Marszalek | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | date = August 1971 | url = http://www.americanheritage.com/content/black-cadet-west-point?page=show | ref = {{SfnRef|Marszalek}} | access-date = September 1, 2018 }} * {{cite journal | title = Who Were the Stalwarts? Who Were Their Rivals? Republican Factions in the Gilded Age | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_political-science-quarterly_winter-1984-1985_99_4/page/703 | journal = Political Science Quarterly | first = Allan | last = Peskin | volume = 99 | issue = 4 |date=Winter 1984 | jstor = 2150708 | ref = {{SfnRef|Peskin}} | pages = 703–716 | doi = 10.2307/2150708 }} * {{cite journal | title = The Search for the Chester Alan Arthur Papers | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_wisconsin-magazine-of-history_summer-1972_55_4/page/310 | journal = The Wisconsin Magazine of History | first = Thomas C. | last = Reeves | volume = 55 | issue = 4 |date=Summer 1972 | jstor = 4634741 | ref = harv | pages = 310–319 }} * {{cite journal |last=Reeves |first=Thomas C. |date=July 1, 1970 |title=The Diaries of Malvina Arthur: Windows Into The Past of Our 21st President |url=https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/DiariesOfMalvinaArthur.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society |location=Montpelier, VT |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |access-date=September 1, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|Reeves|July 1, 1970}} }} * {{cite journal | title = The Mystery of Chester Alan Arthur's Birthplace | journal = Vermont History | first = Thomas C. | last = Reeves | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | date = Autumn 1970 | url = https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/MysteryOfChester.pdf | access-date = September 1, 2018 | ref = {{SfnRef|Reeves (Autumn 1970)}} }} * {{cite journal | title = In Defense of Chester Arthur | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_wilson-quarterly_autumn-1978_2_4/page/180 | journal = The Wilson Quarterly | first = Sybil | last = Schwartz | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | date = Autumn 1978 | jstor = 40255548 | ref = {{SfnRef|Schwartz}} | pages = 180–184 }} * {{cite journal | title = United States Indian Policy: From the Dawes Act to the American Indian Policy Review Commission | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1977-09_51_3/page/451 | journal = Social Service Review | first = Paul | last = Stuart | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | date = September 1977 | jstor = 30015511 | ref = {{SfnRef|Stuart}} | pages = 451–463 | doi = 10.1086/643524 }} * {{cite journal | title = Patronage, the Pendleton Act, and the Power of the People | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-politics_2003-02_65_1/page/50 | journal = The Journal of Politics | first = Sean M. | last = Theriault | volume = 65 | issue = 1 | date = February 2003 | jstor = 3449855 | ref = {{SfnRef|Theriault}} | pages = 50–68 | doi = 10.1111/1468-2508.t01-1-00003 }} * {{cite journal |last=Waxman |first=Olivia B. |date=February 16, 2018 |title=Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science |url=http://www.time.com/5160978/presidents-day-history-memory/ |journal=Time |access-date=September 1, 2018 |ref=harv |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730140929/https://time.com/5160978/presidents-day-history-memory/ |url-status=dead }} ===ژورناللار=== * {{cite news |title=Afternoon Dispatches: Pleasanton |work=The Tribune |location=Lawrence, KS |date=July 9, 1871 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/61286331/ |page=2 |url-access=subscription |ref={{SfnRef|''The Tribune''|1871}} }} * {{cite news |title=Republican State Committee: Gen. Chester A. Arthur Elected Chairman – Campaign Plans |work=The Sun |location=New York, NY |page=2 |date=September 12, 1879 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/78207539/ |ref={{SfnRef|"The Sun"}} }} * {{cite news |title=Organization of the Republican State Committee |work=Boston Post |location=Boston, MA |page=1 |date=October 12, 1881 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/72009166/ |ref={{SfnRef|"Boston Post"}} }} * {{cite news|title=The New Administration; President Arthur Formally Inaugurated|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/09/23/98566684.pdf|accessdate=January 14, 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 22, 1881|ref={{SfnRef|''The New York Times''|1881}}}} *{{cite news |date=April 6, 1882 |title=The Loyal Legion: Meeting Last Night; President Arthur Elected to Membership |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/68154593/ |work=National Republican |location=Washington, DC |url-access=subscription |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref={{SfnRef|"The Loyal Legion"}} }} *{{cite news |date=August 30, 1891 |title=Leading Officials: The Three Principal Officers in the Nebraska Posts |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/466338175/ |work=Omaha Daily Bee |location=Omaha, NE |url-access=subscription |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref={{SfnRef|"Leading Officials"}} }} *{{cite news |date=September 23, 1892 |title=In the Encampment at the Reunion at Ashland |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/94201757/ |work=[[Mail Tribune|Medford Mail]] |location=Medford, OR |url-access=subscription |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref={{SfnRef|"In the Encampment at the Reunion at Ashland"}} }} *{{cite news |date=January 26, 1893 |title=Meeting of C. A. Arthur Post, No. 411 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/481174683/ |work=The Goffs Advocate |location=Goff, KS |url-access=subscription |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref={{SfnRef|"Meeting of C. A. Arthur Post, No. 411"}} }} * {{cite news |title=Monuments At Albany |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/01/07/104104464.pdf |date=January 7, 1894 |ref={{SfnRef|''The New York Times''|1894}} }} * {{cite news |date=November 17, 1910 |title=Sister of Arthur Dead: Mrs. Regina M. Caw Was Born In Dunham, Canada in 1822 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/31566955/ |work=Washington Post |location=Washington, DC |page=3 |url-access=subscription |ref={{SfnRef|"Sister of Arthur Dead"}} }} * {{cite news |date=April 12, 1915 |title=Sister of Late President Arthur Dies at Age of 87 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/197410175/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |page=1 |url-access=subscription |ref={{SfnRef|"Burlington Free Press"}} }} * {{cite news |last=Jenks |first=J. E. |date=March 6, 1915 |title=Obituary, Major William Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVE-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA310 |work=Army and Navy Register |location=Washington, DC |ref={{SfnRef|Jenks}} }} * {{cite news |date=January 9, 1917 |title=Mrs. John E. McElroy Dead: Sister of Late President Arthur Succumbs in Atlantic City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/79876014/ |work=Washington Times |location=Washington, DC |page=9 |url-access=subscription |ref={{SfnRef|"Mrs. John E. McElroy Dead"}} }} ===وب‌سایتلار=== * {{cite web |url=http://greenwichhistory.blogspot.com/2013/07/another-sister-for-chester-almeda.html |title=Another Sister for Chester: Almeda Arthur Masten |last=Dolton |first=Trisha |date=July 12, 2013 |website=Greenwich History |publisher=Greenwich Town Historian |location=Greenwich, NY |ref={{SfnRef|Dolton}} }} * {{cite web | url = https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/nominations/Nominations.htm | title = Supreme Court Nominations, present-1789 | publisher = U.S. Senate | accessdate = February 11, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|"Supreme Court Nominations"}} }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=192&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na | title = Blatchford, Samuel M. | work = Biographical Directory of Federal Judges | publisher = Federal Judicial Center | accessdate = July 27, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|"Blatchford"}} }} * {{cite web |url=https://blog.puzzlenation.com/2014/08/19/puzzles-in-pop-culture-die-hard-with-a-vengeance/ |title=Puzzles in Pop Culture: Die Hard With a Vengeance |last=gmdirect |date=August 19, 2014 |website=PuzzleNation.com |publisher=Puzzle Nation |access-date=May 8, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|"Puzzles in Pop Culture: Die Hard With a Vengeance"}} }} * {{cite web |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/04/the-simpsons-top-30-episodes/11/ |title=21. Lisa the Iconoclast |last=Shoemaker |first=Allison |date=April 7, 2017 |website=The Simpsons' Top 30 Episodes |publisher=Consequence Of Sound |access-date=May 8, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|"21. Lisa the Iconoclast"}} }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.suvcw.org/garrecords/garposts/wi.pdf |title=Historical Summary of Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Posts by State: Wisconsin |date=2005 |last=National GAR Records Program |website=garrecords.org |publisher=Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War |ref={{SfnRef|"GAR Posts by State: Wisconsin"}} |access-date=2020-05-23 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727205328/http://www.suvcw.org/garrecords/garposts/wi.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-23 |archivedate=2020-07-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727205328/http://www.suvcw.org/garrecords/garposts/wi.pdf }} *{{cite web |url=http://rimollus.tripod.com/ |title=From the Headquarters Desk |last=Rhode Island Commandery |date=2009 |website=Original Civil War Officer Members of MOLLUS |publisher=Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States |ref={{SfnRef|"Original Civil War Officer Members of MOLLUS"}} |accessdate=2020-05-23 |archivedate=2020-07-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727205120/http://rimollus.tripod.com/ }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.tv.com/shows/futurama/the-day-the-earth-stood-stupid-21349/ |title=The Day the Earth Stood Stupid |website=TV.com |publisher=CBS Interactive Inc. |location=New York, NY |access-date=May 8, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|"The Day the Earth Stood Stupid"}} |accessdate=2020-05-23 |archivedate=2020-07-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727210552/http://www.tv.com/shows/futurama/the-day-the-earth-stood-stupid-21349/ }} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/chesterarthur White House biography] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|A000303}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1653}} * [http://millercenter.org/president/arthur Essays on Chester Arthur and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady], from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/arthur/index.html Chester Arthur: A Resource Guide] from the [[Library of Congress]] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151431-1/life-portrait-chester-arthur "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', August 6, 1999 * [https://www.c-span.org/video/?306347-1/life-career-chester-arthur "Life and Career of Chester A. Arthur"], presentation by [[Zachary Karabell]] at the [[Kansas City Public Library]], May 23, 2012 * [http://www.history.com/topics/chester-a-arthur/videos#president-chester-a-arthur ''Chester A. Arthur's Presidency''], a video by [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History.com]] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wdq0ADd91zI ''Remarks at the Grave of Chester Alan Arthur, Albany Rural Cemetery, October 5, 2019'' by historian [[David Pietrusza]]] * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Arthur-Chester-A Chester A. Arthur's Personal Manuscripts] from [http://www.shapell.org/ Shapell.org] * {{YouTube|id=7S47gxS3wPo|Scene from ''Futurama'' episode "The Day the Earth Stood Stupid"}} * {{Find a Grave|39}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=John Smyth}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[New York Republican State Committee|New York Republican Party]]|years=1879–1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[B. Platt Carpenter]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام ا. ویلر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1880 United States presidential election|1880]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان ای. لوقان]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام ا. ویلر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس ای. هندریکس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1881–1885}} {{S-aft|after=[[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Chester A. Arthur |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Arthur cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1880}} {{United States presidential election, 1884}} }} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۲۹-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۶-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:نیویورک جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:کوهس، نیویورک دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] ggs31xjq4hnimnm08ir0a254epncy1d 0 19164 1590438 1587922 2026-07-12T16:21:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 3 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |image = President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg |office = 19th [[President of the United States]] |vicepresident = [[ویلیام ا. ویلر]] |term_start = March 4, 1877 |term_end = March 4, 1881 |predecessor = [[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]] |successor = [[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]] |order1 = 29th and 32nd [[Governor of Ohio]] |lieutenant1 = Thomas L. Young |term_start1 = January 10, 1876 |term_end1 = March 2, 1877 |predecessor1 = [[ویلیام آلن]] |successor1 = [[توماس ال. یونق]] |lieutenant2 = [[جان سی. لی]] |term_start2 = January 13, 1868 |term_end2 = January 8, 1872 |predecessor2 = [[یاکوب دولسون کوکس]] |successor2 = [[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]] |state3 = [[اوهایو ایالتی]] |district3 = {{ushr|OH|2|2nd}} |term_start3 = March 4, 1865 |term_end3 = July 20, 1867 |predecessor3 = [[آلزاندر لونق]] |successor3 = [[ساموئل فنتون کاری]] |birth_name = Rutherford Birchard Hayes |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1822|10|4}} |birth_place = [[دلاوار، اوهایو]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1893|1|17|1822|10|4}} |death_place = [[فرمونت، اوهایو]], U.S. |restingplace = [[Spiegel Grove|Spiegel Grove State Park]] |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] (1854–1893) |otherparty = [[Whig Party (United States) |Whig]] (before 1854) |spouse = {{Marriage|[[Lucy Webb Hayes|Lucy Webb]]|December 30, 1852|June 25, 1889|end= died}} |children = 8 |education = [[کنیون کالجی]] ([[Bachelor of Arts |BA]])<br>[[هاروارد بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Laws |LLB]]) |signature = Rutherford Birchard Hayes Signature.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |branch = {{Army| United States}} ([[Union Army]]) |serviceyears = 1861–1865 |rank = [[File:Union Army brigadier general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Brigadier general (United States)| Brigadier General]] ([[United States Volunteers |USV]])<br>[[File:Union Army major general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Brevet (military) |Brevet]] [[Major General (United States) |Major General]] (USV) |unit = [[23rd Ohio Infantry]]<br>[[Kanawha Division]] |battles = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]]<br>{{•}}[[Battle of South Mountain]]{{WIA}}<br>{{•}}[[Valley Campaigns of 1864]] }} ''' رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :Ruter ford birchard (دوغوم:۱۸۲۲،اؤلوم:۱۸۹۳) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۹اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۷۷دن۱۸۸۱ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. == نوتلار == {{Notelist | colwidth = 30em | notes = }} == قایناقلار== {{Reflist | colwidth = 20em | refs = <ref name="NPS 2004-01-24"> {{cite web | title = The Presidents (Spiegel Grove) | date = January 24, 2004 | publisher = National Park Service | work = Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/Presidents/site50.htm | accessdate = November 22, 2010 }} </ref> }} == آرتیق اوخو == {{Refbegin}} ===کیتابلار=== * {{cite book | last = Barnard | first = Harry | year = 2005 | origyear = 1954 | title = Rutherford Hayes and his America | publisher = American Political Biography Press | location = Newtown, Connecticut | isbn = 978-0-945707-05-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Barnard}} }} * {{cite book | last = Bruce | first = Robert V. | year = 1989 | origyear = 1959 | title = 1877: Year of Violence | url = https://archive.org/details/1877yearofviolen0000bruc_w1p1 | publisher = Ivan R. Dee, Publisher | isbn = 978-0-929587-05-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Bruce}} }} * {{cite book |last=Calhoun |first=Charles W. |authorlink=Charles W. Calhoun |title=The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofulys0000calh |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence, Kansas |year=2017 |isbn=9780700624843 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book | last = Conwell | first = Russell | authorlink = Russell Conwell | year = 1876 | title = Life and public services of Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes | publisher = B. B. Russell | location = Boston | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UUsTAAAAYAAJ | ref = {{SfnRef|Conwell}} }} * {{cite book | last = Davison | first = Kenneth E. | year = 1972 | title = The Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes | url = https://archive.org/details/presidencyofruth00davi | url-access = registration | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, Connecticut | isbn = 978-0-8371-6275-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Davison}} }} *{{cite book | last1 = Dodds | first1 = Graham G. | title = Take Up Your Pen: Unilateral Presidential Directives in American Politics | date = 2013 | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press | location = Philadelphia | isbn = 978-0-8122-0815-3 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PcN42ujUhMAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | ref = {{SfnRef|Dodds}} }} * {{cite book | last = Foner | first = Eric | authorlink = Eric Foner | year = 2002 | origyear = 1988 | title = Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 | publisher = Harper Perennial Modern Classics | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-093716-4 | ref = {{SfnRef|Foner}} }} * {{cite book | last = Grant | first = Ulysses S. | authorlink = Ulysses S. Grant | year = 2003 | origyear = 1885 | title = Personal Memoirs | publisher = Barnes & Noble, Inc | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7607-4990-6 | ref = {{SfnRef|Grant}} }} * {{cite book |last=Hayes |first=Rutherford B. |year=1922 |editor-last=Williams |editor-first=Charles Richard |title=The Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President of the United States |publisher=Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society |location=Columbus, Ohio |url=http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/index.cfm |ref={{SfnRef|Hayes}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429023213/http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/index.cfm |archivedate=April 29, 2012 }} * {{cite book | last = Hoogenboom | first = Ari | authorlink = Ari Hoogenboom | year = 1995 | title = Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700606412 | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, Kansas | isbn = 978-0-7006-0641-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Hoogenboom}} }} * {{cite book | last = Reid | first = Whitelaw | authorlink = Whitelaw Reid | year = 1868 | title = Ohio in the War: The history of her regiments, and other military organizations | publisher = Moore, Wilstach & Baldwin | url = https://archive.org/details/ohioinwarhersta01reidgoog | ref = {{SfnRef|Reid}} }} * Rhodes, James Ford. ''History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896'' (1919) [https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst04rhodgoog online complete]; old, factual and heavily political, by winner of Pulitzer Prize * {{cite book | last = Richardson | first = Heather Cox | year = 2001 | title = The Death of Reconstruction | url = https://archive.org/details/deathofreconstru0000rich | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 978-0-674-00637-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Richardson}} }} * {{cite book | last = Robinson | first = Lloyd | year = 2001 | title = The Stolen Election: Hayes versus Tilden—1876 | origyear = 1968 | publisher = Tom Doherty Associates | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7653-0206-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Robinson}} | url = https://archive.org/details/stolenelectionha0000robi }} * {{cite book | last = Sproat | first = John G. | editor-last = Woodward | editor-first = C. Vann | editor-link = C. Vann Woodward | year = 1974 | title = Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct | url = https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi0000cvan | publisher = Delacorte Press | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi0000cvan/page/162 163]–176 | chapter = Rutherford B. Hayes: 1877–1881 | isbn = 978-0-440-05923-3 | ref = {{SfnRef|Sproat}} }} * {{cite book | last = Stowell | first = David O. | year = 1999 | title = Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877 | url = https://archive.org/details/streetsrailroads0000stow | publisher = University Of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | isbn = 978-0-226-77668-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Stowell}} }} * {{cite book | last = Trefousse | first = Hans L. | authorlink = Hans L. Trefousse | year = 2002 | title = Rutherford B. Hayes | publisher = Times Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8050-6907-5 | ref = {{SfnRef|Trefousse}} | url = https://archive.org/details/rutherfordbhayes00tref }} * {{cite book | last = Unger | first = Irwin | authorlink = Irwin Unger | year = 2008 | title = The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879 | origyear = 1964 | publisher = ACLS Humanities | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-59740-431-0 | ref = {{SfnRef|Unger}} | title-link = The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879 }} ===مقاله‌لر=== * {{cite journal | last = Clendenen | first = Clarence | authorlink = Clarence C. Clendenen |date=October 1969 | title = President Hayes' "Withdrawal" of the Troops: An Enduring Myth | journal = The South Carolina Historical Magazine | volume = 70 | issue = 4 | jstor = 27566958 | pages = 240–250 [244] | ref = {{SfnRef|Clendenen}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Klotsche | first = J. Martin | authorlink = J. Martin Klotsche |date=December 1935 | title = The Star Route Cases | journal = The Mississippi Valley Historical Review | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | jstor = 1892626 | pages = 407–418 | doi = 10.2307/1892626 | ref = {{SfnRef|Klotsche}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Paul | first = Ezra |date=Winter 1998 | title = Congressional Relations and Public Relations in the Administration of Rutherford B. Hayes (1877–81) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_winter-1998_28_1/page/68 | journal = Presidential Studies Quarterly | volume = 28 | jstor = 27551831 | issue = 1 | pages = 68–87 | ref = {{SfnRef|Paul}} }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Thomas A. |date=Fall 1980 |title=Before Hyde Park: The Rutherford B. Hayes Library |url=https://archive.org/details/american-archivist_fall-1980_43_4/page/485 |journal=The American Archivist |volume=43 |pages=485–488 |jstor=40292342 |issue=4 |ref={{SfnRef|Smith}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Stuart | first = Paul |date=September 1977 | title = United States Indian Policy: From the Dawes Act to the American Indian Policy Review Commission | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1977-09_51_3/page/451 | journal = Social Service Review | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 451–463 | jstor = 30015511 | doi = 10.1086/643524 | ref = {{SfnRef|Stuart}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Swint | first = Henry L. |date=June 1952 | title = Rutherford B. Hayes, Educator | journal = The Mississippi Valley Historical Review | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–60 | jstor = 1902843 | doi = 10.2307/1902843 | ref = {{SfnRef|Swint}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Thelen | first = David P. |date=Summer 1970 | title = Rutherford B. Hayes and the Reform Tradition in the Gilded Age | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-quarterly_summer-1970_22_2/page/150 | journal = American Quarterly | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 150–165 | jstor = 2711639 | doi = 10.2307/2711639 | ref = {{SfnRef|Thelen}} }} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/rutherfordbhayes White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214144455/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/rutherfordbhayes |date=2017-12-14 }} * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|H000393}} * [http://www.rbhayes.org The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/hayes/index.html Rutherford B. Hayes: A Resource Guide] from the [[Library of Congress]] * [http://millercenter.org/president/hayes Extensive essays on Rutherford B. Hayes] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] *[http://www.c-span.org/video/?150637-1/life-portrait-rutherford-b-hayes "Life Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', July 19, 1999 * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Hayes%2C_Rutherford_Birchard/}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Hayes-Rutherford-B Rutherford B. Hayes Personal Manuscripts & Letters] * {{Librivox author|id=11290}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1652}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[آلزاندر لونق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Ohio|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Ohio's 2nd congressional district]]|years=1865–1867}} {{S-aft|after=[[ساموئل فنتون کاری]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[یاکوب دولسون کوکس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[Ohio gubernatorial elections|nominee]] for [[Governor of Ohio]]|years=1867, 1869}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[Ohio gubernatorial elections|nominee]] for [[Governor of Ohio]] |years=1875}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام ایچ. وزت]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1876 United States presidential election|1876]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[یاکوب دولسون کوکس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Ohio]]|years=1868–1872}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام آلن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Governor of Ohio|years=1876–1877}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس ال. یونق]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1877–1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1885–1893}} {{S-aft|after=[[بنجامین هریسون]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Rutherford B. Hayes |list1 = {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Governors of Ohio}} {{OhioRepresentatives02}} {{Hayes cabinet}} }} {{Subject bar|commons=y |q=y |s=y |portal1=Biography|portal2=American Civil War|portal5=Ohio|portal6=Politics|portal7=Law|portal8=United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۲۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۹۳-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:دلاوار، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:فرمونت، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] kpgxtnah0pitejafjfqxnmo5yypwjz8 0 19170 1590472 1577141 2026-07-12T17:25:47Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|27th president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = William Howard Taft cph.3b35813.jpg | order = 27th | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = {{Nowrap|[[جیمز شرمن]] (1909–1912)}}<br />''None'' (1912–1913){{Efn|Vice President Sherman died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}} | term_start = March 4, 1909 | term_end = March 4, 1913 | predecessor = [[تئودور روزولت]] | successor = [[توماس وودرو ویلسون]] | office1 = 10th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] | nominator1 = [[وارن جی. هاردینق]] | term_start1 = July 11, 1921 | term_end1 = February 3, 1930 | predecessor1 = [[ادوارد دی. وایت]] | successor1 = [[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]] | office2 = 42nd [[United States Secretary of War]] | president2 = Theodore Roosevelt | term_start2 = February 1, 1904 | term_end2 = June 30, 1908 | predecessor2 = [[الیو روت]] | successor2 = [[لوک ادوارد رایت]] | office3 = 1st [[List of colonial governors of Cuba|Provisional Governor of Cuba]] | appointer3 = Theodore Roosevelt | term_start3 = September 29, 1906 | term_end3 = October 13, 1906 | predecessor3 = [[Tomás Estrada Palma]]<br />(''as [[President of Cuba|President]]'') | successor3 = [[Charles Edward Magoon]] | office4 = [[Governor-General of the Philippines]] | appointer4 = [[ویلیام مک‌کینلی]] | term_start4 = July 4, 1901 | term_end4 = December 23, 1903 | predecessor4 = [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.]]<br />(''as Military Governor'') | successor4 = [[لوک ادوارد رایت]] | office5 = Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]] | appointer5 = [[List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison|Benjamin Harrison]] | term_start5 = March 17, 1892 | term_end5 = March 15, 1900 | predecessor5 = Seat established | successor5 = [[Henry Franklin Severens]] | office6 = 6th [[Solicitor General of the United States]] | president6 = [[بنجامین هریسون]] | term_start6 = February 4, 1890 | term_end6 = March 20, 1892<ref>{{cite book |last=Jost |first=Kenneth |date=1993 |title=The Supreme Court A to Z |url=https://books.google.com/?id=_48uAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=CQ Press |page=428 |isbn=9781608717446}}</ref> | predecessor6 = [[Orlow W. Chapman]] | successor6 = [[Charles H. Aldrich]] | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1857|9|15}} | birth_place = [[سینسیناتی]], [[اوهایو ایالتی]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1930|3|8|1857|9|15}} | death_place = [[واشینقتن، دی.سی.]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Arlington National Cemetery]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | parents = [[آلفونزو تافت]]<br />[[Louise Taft|Louise Torrey]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Helen Herron Taft|Helen Herron]]|June 19, 1886}} | children = {{دوز لیست|*[[رابرت تفت]] * [[Helen Taft Manning|Helen]] * [[چارلز فلپس تافت ایی]]}} | education = [[ییل بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[سینسینتی بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | signature = William Howard Taft Signature2.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | caption = Taft in 1908 }} [[فایل:William Howard Taft 1909.jpg|بندانگشتی|ویلیام هووارد تفت]] ''' ویلیام هووارد تفت''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: William howard taft (دوغوم:۱۸۵۷،اؤلوم:۱۹۳۰) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۷اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۰۹دان ۱۹۱۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. بیر چاغدا هم جومهور باشقانی میش هم ده [[یوخاری محکمه]] نین باشقانی. آمریکا تاریخین ده تک بو جومهور باشقان بله میش. ==مدیالار== [[فایل:William Taft video montage.ogg|thumb|upright=1.3|Collection of film clips of the president]] [[فایل:Taft - The Farmer and the Republican Party.ogg|thumb|left|Speech: "The Farmer and the Republican Party", Kansas City, Missouri, 1908]] {{آریت}} ==نوتلار== {{Notelist|30em}} ==اتک‌یازیلار== {{قایناق|20em}} ==قایناقلار== * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Anderson 1973}}|last=Anderson|first=Donald F.|title=William Howard Taft: A Conservative's Conception of the Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/williamhowardtaf00ande|url-access=registration|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1973|isbn=978-0-8014-0786-4}} * {{cite journal|title=The Legacy of William Howard Taft|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_winter-1982_12_1/page/26|first=Donald F.|last=Anderson|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=12|issue=1|date=Winter 1982|pages=26–33|jstor=27547774|ref={{SfnRef|Anderson 1982}} }} * {{cite journal|title=Building National Consensus: The Career of William Howard Taft|first=Donald F.|last=Anderson|journal=University of Cincinnati Law Review|volume=68|date=Winter 2000|pages=323–356|ref={{SfnRef|Anderson 2000}} }} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Burton 2004}}|last=Burton|first=David H.|authorlink=David H. Burton|title=William Howard Taft, Confident Peacemaker|year=2004|publisher=Saint Joseph's University Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-916101-51-0}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Coletta 1989}}|last=Coletta|first=Paolo Enrico|title=William Howard Taft: A Bibliography|url=https://archive.org/details/williamhowardtaf0000cole|year=1989|publisher=Meckler Corporation|location=Westport, CT}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Coletta 1973}}|last=Coletta|first=Paolo Enrico|title=The Presidency of William Howard Taft|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwill0000cole|url-access=registration|year=1973|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}} * {{Cite book|last=Dean|first=John W.|authorlink=John Dean|title=Warren Harding|url=https://books.google.com/?id=12I6tyg8no4C|publisher=Henry Holt and Co|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8050-6956-3|edition=Kindle|ref={{SfnRef|Dean}}}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Gould 2014}}|last=Gould|first=Lewis L.|title=Chief Executive to Chief Justice:Taft Betwixt the White House and Supreme Court|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7006-2001-2|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Gould 2008}}|last=Gould|first=Lewis L.|title=Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/fourhatsinring190000goul|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7006-1564-3|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}} * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Harris |2009}} |last1=Harris |first1=Charles H. III |last2=Sadler |first2=Louis R. |title=The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920 |url=https://archive.org/details/secretwarinelpas0000harr |date=2009 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |isbn=978-0-8263-4652-0}} * {{cite book|last=Hawley|first=Joshua David|title=Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, CT|isbn=978-0-300-14514-4|ref={{SfnRef|Hawley}} }} * {{cite book|last=Lurie|first=Jonathan|title=William Howard Taft: Progressive Conservative|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-51421-7|ref={{SfnRef|Lurie}} }} * {{cite journal|title=President by Chance, Chief Justice by Choice|first=Alpheus Thomas|last=Mason|journal=American Bar Association Journal|volume=55|issue=1|date=January 1969|pages=35–39|jstor=25724643|ref={{SfnRef|Mason}} }} * {{cite journal|title=Taft's Missions to Japan: A Study in Personal Diplomacy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pacific-historical-review_1961-08_30_3/page/279|first=Ralph Eldin|last=Minger|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=30|number=3|date=August 1961|pages= 279–294|jstor=3636924|ref={{SfnRef|Minger}} |doi=10.2307/3636924}} * {{cite book|last=Morris|first=Edmund|title=Theodore Rex|authorlink=Edmund Morris (writer)|year=2001|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=978-0-394-55509-6|ref={{SfnRef|Morris}}|url=https://archive.org/details/theodorerex00edmu}} * {{cite journal|title='Back to the Constitution': Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Republican Party Division 1910–1912|first=John|last=Murphy|journal=Irish Journal of American Studies|volume= 4|year=1995|pages= 109–126|jstor=30003333|ref={{SfnRef|Murphy}} }} * Noyes, John E. "William Howard Taft and the Taft Arbitration Treaties." ''Villanova Law Review'' 56 (2011): 535+ [https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=vlr online] covers his career in international law and arbitration. * {{cite journal|last=Pavord|first=Andrew C.|date=Summer 1996|title=The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt's Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_summer-1996_26_3/page/633|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=26|issue=3|pages=633–647|jstor=27551622|ref={{SfnRef|Pavord}} }} *{{cite book|last=Pringle|first=Henry F.|authorlink=Henry F. Pringle|title=The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography|year=1939 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.164430/page/n4|volume=1|ref={{SfnRef|Pringle vol 1}} }}, covers start of the presidency *{{cite book|last=Pringle|first=Henry F.|title=The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography|year=1939|url=https://ia801606.us.archive.org/20/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.212134/2015.212134.The-Life_text.pdf|volume=2|ref={{SfnRef|Pringle vol 2}} }} vol 2 covers most of the presidency & Supreme Court * {{cite book|last=Regan|first=Richard J.|title=A Constitutional History of the U.S. Supreme Court|url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalhi0000rega|year=2015|publisher=Catholic University of America Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8132-2721-4|ref={{SfnRef|Regan}} }} * {{cite journal|last=Scalia|first=Antonin|authorlink=Antonin Scalia|year=1989|title=Originalism: The Lesser Evil|journal=University of Cincinnati Law Review|volume=57|pages=849–864|ref={{SfnRef|Scalia}} }} * {{cite book|last1=Scholes|first1=Walter V|last2=Scholes|first2=Marie V.|title=The Foreign Policies of the Taft Administration|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicieso00scho|year=1970|ref={{SfnRef|Scholes and Scholes}}|isbn=978-0-8262-0094-5|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia, MO }} * {{cite book|last=Trani|first=Eugene P.|last2=Wilson|first2=David L.|title=The Presidency of Warren G. Harding|publisher=The Regents Press of Kansas|series=American Presidency|year=1977|isbn=978-0-7006-0152-3|ref={{SfnRef|Trani & Wilson}}|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwarr00tran}} * {{cite journal|title=Chief Justice William Howard Taft|authorlink=Earl Warren|first=Earl|last=Warren|journal=[[The Yale Law Journal]]|volume=67|issue=3|date=January 1958|pages=353–362|jstor=793882|ref={{SfnRef|Warren}} |doi=10.2307/793882|url=https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol67/iss3/1}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== '''رسمی''' * [http://www.nps.gov/wiho William Taft National Historic Site] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamhowardtaft White House biography] {{Refbegin}} '''Speeches''' * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#taft Text of a number of Taft speeches], [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150123170621/http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/list.php?view_keywords=keyword_Taft,%20William Audio clips of Taft's speeches], [[Michigan State University Libraries]] '''مدیا''' * {{New York Times topic|people/t/william_howard_taft}} '''آیری''' * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/taft/index.html William Howard Taft: A Resource Guide] from the [[Library of Congress]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070811134330/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/taft Extensive essay on William Howard Taft and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and the First Lady] – Miller Center of Public Affairs * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151620-1/life-portrait-william-howard-taft "Life Portrait of William Howard Taft"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', September 6, 1999 * [http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/15taft/15taft.htm ''"Growing into Public Service: William Howard Taft's Boyhood Home",'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan] * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Taft,_William_Howard}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=3382}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=William Howard Taft}} * {{Librivox author|id=11296}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/031610}} {{Refend}} {{William Howard Taft}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-legal}} {{S-bef|before=[[جودزون هارمون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati|years=1887–1890}} {{S-aft|after=[[Samuel Furman Hunt]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Orlow W. Chapman]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Solicitor General of the United States]]|years=1890–1892}} {{S-aft|after=[[Charles H. Aldrich]]}} {{S-new|seat}} {{S-ttl|title={{Nowrap|Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]]}}|years=1892–1900}} {{S-aft|after=[[Henry Franklin Severens]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ادوارد دی. وایت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chief Justice of the United States]]|years=1921–1930}} {{S-aft|after=[[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[Jacob Gould Schurman]]|as=Chairman of the [[Schurman Commission]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Taft Commission]]|years=1900–1901}} {{S-aft|after=Himself|as=Chair of the [[Philippine Commission]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Arthur MacArthur Jr.]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor-General of the Philippines]]|years=1901–1904|alongside=[[Adna Chaffee]]}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[لوک ادوارد رایت]]}} {{S-bef|before=Himself|as=Chairman of the [[Taft Commission]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Philippine Commission]]|years=1901–1903}} {{S-bef|before=[[الیو روت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Secretary of War]]|years=1904–1908}} {{S-aft|after=[[لوک ادوارد رایت]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tomás Estrada Palma]]|as=[[President of Cuba]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of colonial governors of Cuba|Governor of Cuba]]<br />{{Small|Acting}}|years=1906}} {{S-aft|after=[[Charles Edward Magoon]]<br />{{Small|Acting}}}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1909–1913}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1908 United States presidential election|1908]], [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1909–1913}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1924–1930}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[وارن جی. هاردینق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[Lying in state|lain in state or honor]]<br />in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1930}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان جی. پرشینق]]}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[Hiram Wesley Evans]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)|Cover of ''Time'']]|years=June 30, 1924}} {{S-aft|after=[[James Stillman Rockefeller]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to William Howard Taft |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{USSecWar}} {{USSolGen}} {{SCOTUS Justices|chiefjustices}} {{American Governors-General of the Philippines}} {{T Roosevelt cabinet}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Taft cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1908}} {{United States presidential election, 1912}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|Ohio|Politics|Law|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۵۷-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۳۰-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:سینسیناتی دوغوملو وکیللر]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:سینسیناتی سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] jfkodi8514ud86otjybdk8ldq6heik7 0 19177 1590500 1558297 2026-07-12T18:14:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_(cropped).jpg | order = 30th | office = President of the United States | term_start = August 2, 1923 | term_end = March 4, 1929 | vicepresident = ''None'' (1923–1925){{Efn|Coolidge was Vice President under [[وارن جی. هاردینق]] and became President upon Harding's death on August 2, 1923. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[25th Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}<br />{{Nowrap|[[چارلز قیتس دویز]] (1925–1929)}} | predecessor = [[وارن جی. هاردینق]] | successor = [[هربرت هوور]] | office2 = 29th [[Vice President of the United States]] | term_start2 = March 4, 1921 | term_end2 = August 2, 1923 | president2 = Warren G. Harding | predecessor2 = [[توماس آر. مارشال]] | successor2 = [[چارلز قیتس دویز]] | order3 = 48th [[Governor of Massachusetts#List of Governors|Governor of Massachusetts]] | lieutenant3 = Channing H. Cox | term_start3 = January 2, 1919 | term_end3 = January 6, 1921 | predecessor3 = [[ساموئل دبلیو. مککال]] | successor3 = [[چانینق ایچ. کوکس]] | office4 = 46th [[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]] | governor4 = [[ساموئل دبلیو. مککال]] | term_start4 = January 6, 1916 | term_end4 = January 2, 1919 | predecessor4 = [[قرافتون دی. کوشینق]] | successor4 = Channing H. Cox | office5 = [[President of the Massachusetts Senate]] | term_start5 = 1914 | term_end5 = 1915 | preceded5 = [[لوی ایچ. قرینوود]] | succeeded5 = [[Henry Gordon Wells]] | office6 = Member of the [[Massachusetts Senate#Members|Massachusetts Senate]] | term_start6 = 1912 | term_end6 = 1915 | predecessor6 = [[آلن تی. تریدوای]] | successor6 = John B. Hull | constituency6 = Berkshire, Hampden, and Hampshire District | office7 = Mayor of [[نورتهامپتون، ماساچوست]] | term_start7 = 1910 | term_end7 = 1911 | predecessor7 = James W. O'Brien | successor7 = William Feiker | office8 = Member of the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives#Members|Massachusetts House of Representatives]] | term_start8 = 1907 | term_end8 = 1908 | predecessor8 = Moses M. Bassett | successor8 = Charles A. Montgomery | birth_name = John Calvin Coolidge Jr. | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1872|7|4}} | birth_place = [[Plymouth Notch, Vermont]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1933|1|5|1872|7|4}} | death_place = [[نورتهامپتون، ماساچوست]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Plymouth Notch Cemetery]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | parents = {{Plainlist| * [[John Calvin Coolidge Sr.]] * Victoria Josephine Moor }} | spouse = {{Marriage|[[قریس کولیج]]|October 4, 1905}} | children = {{Hlist|[[John Coolidge|John]]|Calvin Jr.}} | alma_mater = [[آمهرست کالجی]] | profession = Politician, lawyer | signature = C Coolidge signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | caption = Coolidge in 1919 }} [[فایل:Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777.jpg|بندانگشتی|جان کولیج]] ''' جان کولیج''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: John Calvin Coolidge (دوغوم:۱۸۷۲،اؤلوم:۱۹۳۳) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۰اونجو جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۲۳دن ۱۹۲۹ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist|colwidth=35em}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==سایتلار== {{External media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?310540-1/amity-shlaes ''Q&A'' interview with Amity Shlaes on ''Coolidge'', February 10, 2013], [[C-SPAN]]| video2 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?110049-1/coolidge-american-enigma ''Booknotes'' interview with Robert Sobel on ''Coolidge: An American Enigma'', August 30, 1998], [[C-SPAN]]}} {{Refbegin}} ===About Coolidge and his era=== * {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/138860690/|title=Confirms Daugherty's Story of Coolidge's Second Oath|last=Associated Press|first=|date=February 2, 1932|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=May 31, 2018|location=St. Louis, Missouri|page=1C|language=en|ref={{SfnRef|"Confirms Daugherty's Story of Coolidge's Second Oath"}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Barry |first=John M. |authorlink=John M. Barry |title=Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-684-84002-4 |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/risingtidegreatm00barr }} * {{cite journal |last=Buckley |first=Kerry W. |date=December 2003 |title='A President for the "Great Silent Majority': Bruce Barton's Construction of Calvin Coolidge |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-quarterly_2003-12_76_4/page/593 |journal=The New England Quarterly |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=593–626 |jstor=1559844 |ref={{SfnRef|Buckley}} |doi=10.2307/1559844}} * {{Citation|last=Bryson |first=Bill |title=One Summer: America, 1927 |publisher=Doubleday |date=2013 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7679-1940-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780767919401 }} *{{Citation|last=Clemens|first=Cyril|last2=Daggett|first2=Athern P.|date=1945|title=Coolidge's "I Do Not Choose to Run": Granite or Putty?|jstor=361282|journal=The New England Quarterly|volume=18|issue=2|pages=147–163|doi=10.2307/361282|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Cordery |first=Stacy A. |title=Alice: Alice Roosevelt Longworth, from White House Princess to Washington Power Broker |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-14-311427-7 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Deloria |first=Vincent |title=American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1992 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=VzWIpZBZgA0C |isbn=978-0-8061-2424-7 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Ferrell |first=Robert H. |authorlink=Robert H. Ferrell |title=The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge |publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7006-0892-8 |ref=harv |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofcalv0000ferr }} * {{Cite book |last=Freeman |first=Jo | authorlink = Jo Freeman |title=A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8476-9805-9 |ref=harv}} * {{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/coolidge_1924|year=1924|first=Lee|last=de Forest|title=President Coolidge, Taken on the White House Ground (1924)|accessdate=February 4, 2007|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Fuess |first=Claude Moore |authorlink=Claude Fuess |title=Calvin Coolidge: The Man from Vermont |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157145 |publisher=Little, Brown |year=1940 |isbn=978-1-4067-5673-9 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Galston |first=Miriam |title=Activism and Restraint: The Evolution of Harlan Fiske Stone's Judicial Philosophy |journal=Tulane Law Revue |volume=70 |page=137 |date=November 1995 |ref={{SfnRef|Galston}}}} * {{cite journal |last=Gilbert |first=Robert E. |year=2005 |title=Calvin Coolidge's Tragic Presidency: the Political Effects of Bereavement and Depression |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-studies_2005-04_39_1/page/87 |journal=Journal of American Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=87–109 |jstor=27557598 |ref={{SfnRef|Gilbert}} |doi=10.1017/S0021875805009266|doi-access=free }} * {{Cite book |last=Greenberg |first=David |title=Calvin Coolidge |publisher=[[Times Books]] |year=2006 |series=The American Presidents Series |isbn=978-0-8050-6957-0 |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/calvincoolidge00gree }} * {{Cite journal|last=Handler|first=Milton C.|date=December 1995|title=Clerking for Justice Harlan Fiske Stone|journal=Journal of Supreme Court History|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=113–122|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5818.1995.tb00098.x|issn=1059-4329|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Historian|date=2018|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/coolidge-calvin|title= Travels of President Calvin Coolidge|publisher= U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian|ref=harv}} * {{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol4/html_files/v4p1165.html |title=Indian affairs: laws and treaties Vol. IV, Treaties |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |last= Kappler |first=Charles |year=1929 |publisher=Government Printing Office |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011204536/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol4/html_files/v4p1165.html |archivedate=October 11, 2008 |ref=harv }} * {{cite web|url= https://www.yahoo.com/news/heres-happened-last-time-us-president-visited-cuba-222336829--abc-news-topstories.html|title= Here's What Happened the Last Time a US President Visited Cuba|last= Kim|first= Susanna|publisher= ABC News|date= December 18, 2014|accessdate= March 1, 2016|ref= harv|archivedate= 2017-01-06|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170106035453/https://www.yahoo.com/news/heres-happened-last-time-us-president-visited-cuba-222336829--abc-news-topstories.html}} * {{Cite news|url=https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/first-sitting-prez-adopted-by-tribe-starts-desecration-of-mount-rushmore-_puzdmmpckWnUnLVUVDipw/|title=First Sitting Prez Adopted by Tribe Starts Desecration of Mount Rushmore - IndianCountryToday.com|last=Landry|first=Alysa|date=July 26, 2016|work=IndianCountryToday.com|access-date=June 11, 2018|language=en-US|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804171847/https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/first-sitting-prez-adopted-by-tribe-starts-desecration-of-mount-rushmore-_puzdmmpckWnUnLVUVDipw/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Madsen|editor1-first=Deborah L.|title=The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1317693192|page=168|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-AapCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168|ref=harv}} *{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/04/us/john-coolidge-guardian-of-president-s-legacy-dies-at-93.html|title=John Coolidge, Guardian of President's Legacy. Dies at 93|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=June 4, 2000|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 31, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=McCoy |first=Donald R. |title=Calvin Coolidge: The Quiet President |url=https://archive.org/details/calvincoolidgequ00mcco |publisher=Macmillan |year=1967 |isbn=978-1468017779 |ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Miller Center|year=2016|url=http://millercenter.org/president/biography/coolidge-foreign-affairs |title=Calvin Coolidge: Foreign Affairs |publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia |website=millercenter.org |accessdate=February 24, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220091810/http://millercenter.org/president/biography/coolidge-foreign-affairs |archivedate=February 20, 2016 |ref=harv }} * {{cite journal |last1=Polsky |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Tkacheva |first2=Olesya |date=Winter 2002 |title=Legacies versus Politics: Herbert Hoover, Partisan Conflict, and the Symbolic Appeal of Associationalism in the 1920s |journal=International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=207–235 |jstor=20020160 |ref=harv|doi=10.1023/A:1020525029722 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43975/1/10767_2004_Article_452810.pdf |hdl=2027.42/43975 }} * {{cite journal | last = Roberts | first = Gary Boyd | title = Ancestors of American Presidents | journal = The Bimonthly Newsletter of the New England Historic Genealogical Society | volume = 15 | issue = | pages = 199 | date = 1995 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Jason |chapter=The Biographical Legacy of Calvin Coolidge and the 1924 Presidential Election |editor=Katherine A. S. Sibley |title=A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover |year=2014 |publisher=Wiley Blackwell |isbn=978-1-118-83447-3 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Rusnak |first=Robert J. |date=Spring 1983 |title=Andrew W. Mellon: Reluctant Kingmaker |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_spring-1983_13_2/page/269 |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=269–78 |jstor=27547924 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Russell |first=Francis |authorlink=Francis Russell (author) |title=A City in Terror: Calvin Coolidge and the 1919 Boston Police Strike |publisher=[[Beacon Press]] |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-8070-5033-0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Senate Historian|date=2014|title=Charles G. Dawes, 30th Vice President (1925–1929) |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Charles_Dawes.htm |website=US Senate |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106112435/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Charles_Dawes.htm |archivedate=November 6, 2014 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Shlaes |first=Amity |authorlink=Amity Shlaes |title=Coolidge |url=https://archive.org/details/coolidge0000shla |year=2013 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-196755-9 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Robert |authorlink=Robert Sobel |title=Coolidge: An American Enigma |url=https://archive.org/details/coolidgeamerican0000sobe |publisher=[[Regnery Publishing]] |year=1998a |isbn=978-0-89526-410-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite web |authorlink=Robert Sobel |year=1998b|url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/coolidge_sobel.html |title=Coolidge and American Business|last=Sobel|first=Robert|publisher=John F. Kennedy Library and Museum|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060308075125/http://www.jfklibrary.org/coolidge_sobel.html |archivedate = March 8, 2006 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=White |first=William Allen |authorlink=William Allen White |title=A Puritan in Babylon: The Story of Calvin Coolidge |url=https://archive.org/details/puritaninbabylon011493mbp |publisher=Macmillan |year=1938 |ref=harv}} ===By Coolidge=== * {{Cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Calvin |title=Have Faith in Massachusetts: A Collection of Speeches and Messages |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin]] |year=1919 |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/details/havefaithinmassa00cooluoft |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Calvin |title=Foundations of the Republic: Speeches and Addresses |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |year=2004 |origyear=1926 |isbn=978-1-4102-1598-7 |url=https://archive.org/stream/foundationsofrep00unit |ref={{SfnRef|Coolidge|1926}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Calvin |title=The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge |publisher=Cosmopolitan Book Corp |year=1929 |isbn=978-0-944951-03-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographycal011459mbp |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Calvin |title=The Quotable Calvin Coolidge: Sensible Words for a New Century |url=https://archive.org/details/quotablecalvinco0000cool |editor=Peter Hannaford |publisher=Images From The Past, Incorporated |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-884592-33-1 |ref={{SfnRef|Hannaford}}}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== * {{Cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Calvin |title=The Talkative President: The Off-the Record Press Conferences of Calvin Coolidge |editor=Howard H. Quint and Robert H. Ferrell |publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Press]] |year=1964 |url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77365439 |access-date=2020-05-31 |archive-date=2011-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623205217/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77365439 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book|last=Coolidge|first=Grace|authorlink=Grace Coolidge|editor1-last=Wikander|editor1-first=Lawrence E.|editor2-last=Ferrell|editor2-first=Robert H.|editor-link2=Robert Hugh Ferrell|title=Grace Coolidge: An Autobiography|url=https://archive.org/details/gracecoolidgeaut00cool|year=1992|publisher=High Plains Pub. Co.|lccn=92072825|isbn=978-1881019015}} * {{cite book|last=Ferrell|first=Robert H. |authorlink=Robert Hugh Ferrell|title= Grace Coolidge: The People's Lady in Silent Cal's White House |url=https://archive.org/details/gracecoolidgepeo0000ferr|year=2008|lccn=2007045737 |isbn= 9780700615636}} * {{cite journal |last=Felzenberg |first=Alvin S. |date=Fall 1998 |title=Calvin Coolidge and Race: His Record in Dealing with the Racial Tensions of the 1920s |url=https://coolidgefoundation.org/resources/essays-papers-addresses-34/ |journal=New England Journal of History |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=83–96}} *{{Citation | last = Fuess | first = Claude M. | title = Calvin Coolidge - Twenty Years After | journal = Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 351–369 | orig-year = | year = 1953 | url = https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44817448.pdf }} * {{Cite book |last=Hatfield |first1=Mark O. |chapter-url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Calvin_Coolidge.htm |title=Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993 |chapter=Calvin Coolidge (1921–1923) |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1997 |pages=347–54}} *Kantorosinski, Zbigniew (1997). ''[https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/egw/polishex.html Emblem of Good Will: a Polish Declaration of Admiration and Friendship for the United States of America].'' Washington, DC: [[Library of Congress]] ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Library resources box |onlinebooksby=yes |onlinebooksabout=yes |by=yes |about=yes |lcheading=Coolidge, Calvin, 1872–1933. }} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/calvincoolidge White House biography] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|C000738}} * [http://www.forbeslibrary.org/coolidge/coolidge.shtml Calvin Coolidge Presidential Library & Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129102542/http://www.forbeslibrary.org/coolidge/coolidge.shtml |date=2004-01-29 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140717235809/http://coolidgefoundation.org/ Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation] * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#coolidge Text of a number of Coolidge speeches], [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{New York Times topic|people/c/calvin_coolidge}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/coolidge/index.html Calvin Coolidge: A Resource Guide], [[Library of Congress]] * {{Gutenberg author|id=1661}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Calvin Coolidge}} * ''[https://archive.org/details/coolidge_1924 President Coolidge, Taken on the White House Ground]'', the first presidential film with sound recording * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Coolidge,_John_Calvin}} * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151626-1/life-portrait-calvin-coolidge "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', September 27, 1999 * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Coolidge-Calvin Calvin Coolidge Personal Manuscripts] * {{C-SPAN|calvincoolidge}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/003451}} {{Calvin Coolidge|state=collapsed}} {{Navboxes |title = Offices and distinctions |list1 = {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[قرافتون دی. کوشینق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]]|years=1916–1919}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[چانینق ایچ. کوکس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ساموئل دبلیو. مککال]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Massachusetts]]|years=1919–1921}} {{S-bef|before=[[توماس آر. مارشال]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1921–1923}} {{S-aft|after=[[چارلز قیتس دویز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[وارن جی. هاردینق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1923–1929}} {{S-aft|after=[[هربرت هوور]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[ساموئل دبلیو. مککال]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of Massachusetts]]|years=1918, 1919}} {{S-aft|after=[[چانینق ایچ. کوکس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[چارلز دبلیو. فربنکس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1920 United States presidential election|1920]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانک اورن لوودن]]<br />{{Small|Withdrew}}}} {{S-bef|before=[[وارن جی. هاردینق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1924 United States presidential election|1924]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[هربرت هوور]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Calvin Coolidge |state=collapsed |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Coolidge cabinet}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{Harding cabinet}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Governors of Massachusetts}} {{Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts}} {{Presidents of the Massachusetts Senate}} {{United States presidential election, 1920}} {{United States presidential election, 1924}} {{United States presidential election, 1932}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1920s|Conservatism|Radio|United States|Politics|Law}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۷۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۳۳-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ماساچوست جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:نورتهامپتون، ماساچوست سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:نورتهامپتون، ماساچوست دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:ورمونت دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] l83dvzllzgzfuw6h0lxagsshjmjzzwm 0 19178 1590447 1571522 2026-07-12T16:41:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = President Hoover portrait.jpg | order = 31st | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = [[چارلز کورتیس]] | term_start = March 4, 1929 | term_end = March 4, 1933 | predecessor = [[جان کالوین کولیج]] | successor = [[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]] | office1 = 3rd [[United States Secretary of Commerce]] | president1 = [[وارن جی. هاردینق]]<br />[[جان کالوین کولیج]] | term_start1 = March 5, 1921 | term_end1 = August 21, 1928 | predecessor1 = [[جاشوا دبلیو. آلزاندر]] | successor1 = [[ویلیام اف. ویتینق]] | office2 = Director of the <br>[[United States Food Administration]] | president2 = [[توماس وودرو ویلسون]] | term_start2 = August 21, 1917 | term_end2 = November 16, 1918 | predecessor2 = Position established | successor2 = Position abolished | birth_name = Herbert Clark Hoover | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1874|8|10}} | birth_place = [[وست برنچ، آیووا]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1964|10|20|1874|8|10}} | death_place = [[نیویورک]], [[نیویورک ایالتی]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[لو هنری هوور]]|February 10, 1899|January 7, 1944|end=died}} | children = [[Herbert Hoover Jr.|Herbert]]<br />[[Allan Hoover|Allan]] | education = [[جورج فاکس بیلیم‌یوردو]]<br />[[استنفورد بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) | signature = Herbert Clark Hoover Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | native_name = {{Nobold|Herbert Hoover}} }} [[فایل:President Hoover portrait.jpg|بندانگشتی|هربرت هوور]] ''' هربرت هوور''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: Herbert Clark Hoover (دوغوم:۱۸۷۴،اؤلوم:۱۹۶۴) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۲۹دان ۱۹۳۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== === وب‌سایتلار === {{قایناق}} ===Works cited=== {{Refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |last=Burner |first=David |title=Herbert Hoover: The Public Life |date=1996 |orig-year=1979 |publisher=Easton Press |ref=}} Originally published as {{cite book |last=Burner |first=David |title=Herbert Hoover: The Public Life |date=1979 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |isbn=978-0-394-46134-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverpub00burn |ref=none}} * {{cite journal |last1=Carcasson |first1=Martin |title=Herbert Hoover and the Presidential Campaign of 1932: The Failure of Apologia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_spring-1998_28_2/page/349 |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=Spring 1998 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–365 |jstor=27551864}} * {{cite journal |last1=Eichengreen |first1=Barry |last2=Temin |first2=Peter |title=The Gold Standard and the Great Depression |journal=Contemporary European History |date=2000 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=183–207 |jstor=20081742 |ref=|doi=10.1017/S0960777300002010 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w6060.pdf }} * {{cite book |last1=Fausold |first1=Martin L. |title=The Presidency of Herbert C. Hoover |date=1985 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-0259-9 |ref={{SfnRef|Fausold 1985}} |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofherb00faus }} * {{Cite book |last=Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title=The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge |publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7006-0892-8 |ref= |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofcalv0000ferr }} * {{cite book |last=Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title=American Diplomacy in the Great Depression: Hoover–Stimson Foreign Policy, 1929–1933 |url=https://archive.org/details/americandiplomac0000ferr |url-access=registration |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1957 |ref=}} * {{Cite journal|last=Garcia|first=George F.|date=January 1, 1980|title=Black Disaffection From the Republican Party During the Presidency of Herbert Hoover, 1928–1932|journal=The Annals of Iowa|volume=45|issue=6|issn=0003-4827|pages=462–477|ref={{SfnRef|Garcia 1980}}|doi=10.17077/0003-4827.8734|doi-access=free}} * {{Citation|last=Hart |first=David M. |title=Herbert Hoover's Last Laugh: the Enduring Significance of the 'Associative State' in the United States |journal=Journal of Policy History |year=1998 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=419–444 |doi=10.1017/S0898030600007156}} * {{cite book|last1=Herring|first1=George C.|title=From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-507822-0|ref=|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcolonytosupe00herr}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hoffman |first1=Abraham |title=Stimulus to Repatriation: The 1931 Federal Deportation Drive and the Los Angeles Mexican Community |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pacific-historical-review_1973-05_42_2/page/205 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |date=May 1973 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=205–219 |jstor=3638467|ref={{SfnRef|Hoffman 1973}}|doi=10.2307/3638467 }} * {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Kevin|url=http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1147&context=plr|title=The Forgotten Repatriation of Persons of Mexican Ancestry and Lessons for the War on Terror|date=Fall 2005|journal=Pace Law Review|issue=1|volume=26|pages=1–26|ref={{SfnRef|Johnson 2005}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Jeansonne |first1=Glen |title=Herbert Hoover: A Life |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9781101991008 |ref={{SfnRef|Jeansonne 2016}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kaufman |first1=Bruce E. |title=Wage Theory, New Deal Labor Policy, and the Great Depression: Were Government and Unions to Blame? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_industrial-labor-relations-review_2012-07_65_3/page/n38 |journal= Industrial and Labor Relations Review |date=2012 |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=501–532 |jstor=24368882 |ref=|hdl=10072/48703 |doi=10.1177/001979391206500302 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite book|last1=Kennedy|first1=David M.|title=Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945|date=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195038347|ref=|url=https://archive.org/details/freedomfromfeara00kenn}} * {{Cite book|ref=|first=John Maynard|last=Keynes|author-link=John Maynard Keynes|title=The Economic Consequences of the Peace|publisher=Harcourt Brace and Howe|year=1919|lastauthoramp=y}} * {{cite book |last1=Leuchtenburg |first1=William E. |title=Herbert Hoover |date=2009 |publisher=Times Books (Henry Holt and Company) |isbn=978-0-8050-6958-7 |ref={{SfnRef|Leuchtenburg 2009}} |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthoover00leuc }} * {{cite journal |last1=Leuchtenburg |first1=William E. |title=The Wrong Man at the Wrong Time |journal=American Heritage |date=Summer 2009 |volume=59 |issue=2 |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/wrong-man-wrong-time?page=show |ref={{SfnRef|Leuchtenburg 2009b}}}} * {{Cite book |last=McCoy |first=Donald R. |title=Calvin Coolidge: The Quiet President |url=https://archive.org/details/calvincoolidgequ00mcco |publisher=Macmillan |year=1967 |isbn=978-1468017779 |ref=}} * {{cite book |last=Nash |first=George H. |title=The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer 1874–1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofherberthoo0001nash |url-access=registration |publisher=W W Norton |year=1983 |isbn= 978-0393016345 |ref=}} Book 1 in The Life of Herbert Hoover Series. * {{cite journal |last1=O'Brien |first1=Patrick G. |last2=Rosen |first2=Philip T. |title=Hoover and the Historians: the Resurrection of a President |journal=The Annals of Iowa |date=1981 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=83–99 |url=http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8816&context=annals-of-iowa |doi=10.17077/0003-4827.8816 |doi-access=free |ref=none |access-date=2020-06-01 |archive-date=2020-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108003016/https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8816&context=annals-of-iowa |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal |last1=Olson |first1=James S. |title=Gifford Pinchot and the Politics of Hunger, 1932–1933 |journal=Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |date=October 1972 |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=508–520 |jstor=20090681 |ref={{SfnRef|Olson 1972}}|url=https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/view/42893 }} * {{cite book |last=Rappleye |title=Herbert Hoover in the White House: The Ordeal of the Presidency |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverinw0000char |year=2016 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-4869-0 |ref=}} * {{cite book |last1=Whyte |first1=Kenneth |title=Hoover: An Extraordinary Life in Extraordinary Times |url=https://archive.org/details/hooverextraordin0000whyt |date=2017 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0307597960|ref={{SfnRef|Whyte 2017}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Joan Hoff |title=Herbert Hoover, Forgotten Progressive |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverfor0000unse |publisher=Little, Brown |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-316-94416-8 |ref=}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{اساس|Bibliography of Herbert Hoover}} ===بیوقرافی=== {{Refbegin|2}} * Best, Gary Dean. ''The Politics of American Individualism: Herbert Hoover in Transition, 1918–1921'' (1975) * Best, Gary Dean. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Keeper of the Torch, 1933–1964.'' Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. * Clements, Kendrick A. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Imperfect Visionary, 1918–1928'' (2010). * Edwards, Barry C. "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive?" ''Congress & the Presidency'' 41#1 (2014) pp 49–83 [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.720.8853&rep=rep1&type=pdf online] * Hatfield, Mark. ed. ''Herbert Hoover Reassessed'' (2002) * {{Citation| last = Hawley | first = Ellis | title = Herbert Hoover and the Historians | year = 1989|ref=none}}. * Jeansonne, Glen. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Fighting Quaker, 1928–1933.'' Palgrave Macmillan; 2012. * Lloyd, Craig. ''Aggressive Introvert: A Study of Herbert Hoover and Public Relations Management, 1912–1932'' (1973). * [[George H. Nash|Nash, George H.]] ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer 1874–1914'' (1983); in-depth scholarly study ** {{Citation| last = Nash | author-mask = 4 | series = The Life of Herbert Hoover | title = The Humanitarian, 1914–1917 | year = 1988 | volume = 2|ref=none}}. ** {{Citation| last = Nash | author-mask = 4 | series = The Life of Herbert Hoover | title = Master of Emergencies, 1917–1918 | year = 1996 | volume = 3|ref=none}}. * Nash, Lee, ed. ''Understanding Herbert Hoover: Ten Perspectives'' (1987); essays by scholars * Smith, Richard Norton. ''An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover'', (1987), biography concentrating on post 1932. * Walch, Timothy. ed. ''Uncommon Americans: The Lives and Legacies of Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover'' Praeger, 2003. * West, Hal Elliott. ''Hoover, the Fishing President: Portrait of the Man and his Life Outdoors'' (2005). {{Refend}} ===Scholarly studies=== {{Refbegin|2}} * Arnold, Peri E. "The 'Great Engineer' as Administrator: Herbert Hoover and Modern Bureaucracy." ''Review of Politics'' 42.3 (1980): 329-348. {{jstor|1406794}}. * Barber, William J. ''From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, 1921–1933''. (1985) * {{BBKL|h/hoover_h_c|band=30|autor=Claus Bernet|artikel=Hoover, Herbert|spalten=644–653|ref=none}} * Brandes, Joseph. ''Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy: Department of Commerce Policy, 1921-1928.'' (U of Pittsburgh Press, 1970). * Britten, Thomas A. "Hoover and the Indians: the Case for Continuity in Federal Indian Policy, 1900–1933" ''Historian'' 1999 '''61'''(3): 518–538. {{ISSN|0018-2370}}. * Clements, Kendrick A. ''Hoover, Conservation, and Consumerism: Engineering the Good Life''. University Press of Kansas, 2000 * Dodge, Mark M., ed. ''Herbert Hoover and the Historians''. (1989) * Fausold Martin L. and George Mazuzan, eds. ''The Hoover Presidency: A Reappraisal'' (1974) * Goodman, Mark, and Mark Gring. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Gring/publication/236816005_The_Radio_Act_of_1927_Progressive_Ideology_Epistemology_and_Praxis/links/5663a34008ae192bbf8ef2c3.pdf "The Radio Act of 1927: progressive ideology, epistemology, and praxis"]. ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 3.3 (2000): 397–418. * Hawley, Ellis. [http://www.trinityhistory.org/AmH/Hawley-Hoover.pdf "Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an 'Associative State', 1921–1928"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110012508/http://www.trinityhistory.org/AmH/Hawley-Hoover.pdf |date=2021-01-10 }}. ''Journal of American History'', (June 1974) 61#1: 116–140. * {{Citation|last=Houck|first=Davis W.|title=Rhetoric as Currency: Herbert Hoover and the 1929 Stock Market Crash|journal=Rhetoric & Public Affairs : R&pa|publisher=Rhetoric & Public Affairs|date=2000|volume=3|issue=2|pp=155–181|issn=1094-8392}} * Jansky Jr, C. M. "The contribution of Herbert Hoover to broadcasting." ''Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media'' 1.3 (1957): 241-249. * Lee, David D. "Herbert Hoover and the Development of Commercial Aviation, 1921–1926." ''Business History Review'' 58.1 (1984): 78-102. * Lichtman, Allan J. ''Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928'' (1979) * Lisio, Donald J. ''The President and Protest: Hoover, MacArthur, and the Bonus Riot'', 2d ed. (1994) * Lisio, Donald J. ''Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-whites: A Study of Southern Strategies'' (1985) * Parafianowicz,Halina. [https://www.e-ir.info/2019/03/17/herbert-c-hoover-and-poland-1929-1933-between-myth-and-reality 'Herbert C. Hoover and Poland: 1919–1933. Between Myth and Reality'] * Polsky, Andrew J., and Olesya Tkacheva. "Legacies Versus Politics: Herbert Hoover, Partisan Conflict, and the Symbolic Appeal of Associationalism in the 1920s." ''International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society'' 16.2 (2002): 207-235. [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/43975/10767_2004_Article_452810.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y online] * Short, Brant. "The Rhetoric of the Post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover's Campaign against the New Deal, 1934-1936" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (1991) 21#2 pp.&nbsp;333–350 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27550722 online] * Sibley, Katherine A.S., ed. ''A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover'' (2014); 616pp; essays by scholars stressing historiography * Wueschner, Silvano A. ''Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917–1927''. Greenwood, 1999 {{Refend}} ===Primary sources=== {{Refbegin|2}} * Myers, William Starr; Walter H. Newton, eds. (1936). ''The Hoover Administration; a documented narrative''. * Hawley, Ellis, ed. (1974–1977). ''Herbert Hoover: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President'', 4 vols. * {{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Herbert Clark | title = The Challenge to Liberty | year = 1934 |ref=none}}. * {{Citation|last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | title = Addresses Upon The American Road, 1933–1938 | year = 1938|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | title = Addresses Upon The American Road, 1940–41 | year = 1941|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last1 = Hoover | first1 = Herbert Clark | title = The Problems of Lasting Peace | first2 = Hugh | last2 = and Gibson | year = 1942 | author-mask = 8|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | title = Addresses Upon The American Road, 1945–48 | year = 1949|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | series = Memoirs | place = New York | volume = Volume 1 | title = Years of adventure, 1874–1920 | url = http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V1_Full.pdf | year = 1952a | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217233059/http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V1_Full.pdf | archivedate = December 17, 2008 | df = mdy-all |ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | series = Memoirs | place = New York | volume = 2 | title = The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920–1933 | url = http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V2_Full.pdf | year = 1952b | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217233152/http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V2_Full.pdf | archivedate = December 17, 2008 | df = mdy-all |ref=none}}. * {{Citation|last=Hoover |first=Herbert Clark |author-mask=8 |series=Memoirs |place=New York |volume=3 |title=The Great Depression, 1929–1941 |url=http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V3_Full.pdf |year=1952c |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217233238/http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V3_Full.pdf |archivedate=December 17, 2008 |ref=none}}. * {{Citation|editor-first=Dwight M. |editor-last=Miller |editor2-first=Timothy |editor2-last=Walch |title=Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Documentary History |publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|year=1998|series=Contributions in American History|isbn=978-0-313-30608-2|ref=none}} * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | title = Freedom Betrayed: Herbert Hoover's Secret History of the Second World War and Its Aftermath | editor-first = George H. | editor-last = Nash |editor-link=George H. Nash| place = Stanford, CA| publisher = Hoover Institution Press | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-8179-1234-5 |ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | title = The Crusade Years, 1933–1955: Herbert Hoover's Lost Memoir of the New Deal Era and Its Aftermath | editor-first = George H. | editor-last = Nash |editor-link=George H. Nash| place = Stanford, CA| publisher = Hoover Institution Press | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-0-8179-1674-9 |ref=none}}. {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * {{Gutenberg author|id=1662}} * {{C-SPAN|herberthoover}} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/herberthoover White House biography] * [https://www.hoover.archives.gov/ Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528160601/https://hoover.archives.gov/ |date=2020-05-28 }} * [http://www.nps.gov/heho/ Herbert Hoover National Historic Site], [[National Park Service]] * {{New York Times topic|people/h/herbert_clark_hoover}} * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Hoover,_Herbert_Clark}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/008163}} {{Herbert Hoover}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{S-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=Director of the [[United States Food Administration]]|years=1917–1918}} {{S-non|reason=Position abolished}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[جاشوا دبلیو. آلزاندر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Secretary of Commerce]]|years=1921–1928}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام اف. ویتینق]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1929–1933}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1928 United States presidential election|1928]], [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[آلف لاندون]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[Aristide Briand]]}} {{S-ttl|rows=2|title=[[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)|Cover of ''Time'']]|years=November 16, 1925}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[جیفورد پینچوت]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Paul Painlevé]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1933–1964}} {{S-aft|after=[[هری ترومن]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Douglas MacArthur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[lying in state|lain in state or honor]] in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1964}} {{S-aft|after=[[دوایت آیزنهاور]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Herbert Hoover |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{USSecCommerce}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{Harding cabinet}} {{Coolidge cabinet}} {{Hoover cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1920}} {{United States presidential election, 1928}} {{United States presidential election, 1932}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1920s|Conservatism|Geology|Politics|Iowa|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۷۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۴-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوسترالیاداکی آمریکالی غوربتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:چینده‌کی آمریکالی غوربتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی ژئولوژیستلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاسی یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:نیوبرق، اورقن دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:استنفورد، کالیفورنیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:وست برنچ، آیووا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آیووا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:نیویورک دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] j698pfn1orkhr7lrzvu5ku6mwlwwr9q 0 19188 1590505 1587963 2026-07-12T18:23:57Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description| 41st president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg | order = 41st | office = President of the United States | term_start = January 20, 1989 | term_end = January 20, 1993 | vicepresident = [[دن کویل]] | predecessor = [[رونالد ریقان]] | successor = [[بیل کلینتون]] | order1 = 43rd | office1 = Vice President of the United States | term_start1 = January 20, 1981 | term_end1 = January 20, 1989 | president1 = Ronald Reagan | predecessor1 = [[والتر ماندیل]] | successor1 = Dan Quayle | order2 = 11th | office2 = Director of Central Intelligence | term_start2 = January 30, 1976 | term_end2 = January 20, 1977 | president2 = [[جرالد فورد]] | deputy2 = {{Unbulleted list |[[ورنون ائی. والترز]] |[[E. Henry Knoche]] }} | predecessor2 = [[William Colby]] | successor2 = [[Stansfield Turner]] | order3 = 2nd | office3 = List of ambassadors of the United States to China#List of Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing{{!}}Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China | term_start3 = September 26, 1974 | term_end3 = December 7, 1975 | president3 = Gerald Ford | predecessor3 = [[David K. E. Bruce]] | successor3 = [[توماس اس. قاتز جر.]] | office4 = Chair of the [[Republican National Committee]] | term_start4 = January 19, 1973 | term_end4 = September 16, 1974 | predecessor4 = [[باب دول]] | successor4 = [[ماری لوئیز ایسمیت (سیاستچی)]] | order5 = 10th | office5 = United States Ambassador to the United Nations | term_start5 = March 1, 1971 | term_end5 = January 18, 1973 | president5 = [[ریچارد نیکسون]] | predecessor5 = [[Charles Yost]] | successor5 = [[John A. Scali]] | state6 = [[تکزاس ایالتی]] | district6 = {{ushr|TX|7|7th}} | term_start6 = January 3, 1967 | term_end6 = January 3, 1971 | predecessor6 = [[جان دوودی]] | successor6 = [[بیل آرچر]] | birth_name = George Herbert Walker Bush | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1924|6|12}} | birth_place = [[میلتون، ماساچوست]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|2018|11|30|1924|6|12}} | death_place = [[هیوستون]], U.S. | restingplace = [[George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[باربارا بوش]]|1945|2018|end=died}} | children = {{Plainlist| * [[جورج دبلیو بوش]] * [[Pauline Robinson Bush|Robin Bush]] * [[جب بوش]] * [[Neil Bush]] * [[Marvin Bush]] * [[Dorothy Bush Koch]]}} | relatives = '' See [[Bush family]]'' | parents = {{Plainlist| * [[پرسکات بوش]] (father) * Dorothy Walker (mother)}} | education = [[ییل بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | signature = George HW Bush Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | website = {{URL|bushlibrary.tamu.edu|Presidential Library}} | nickname = "Skin" | allegiance = {{flagu|United States}} | branch = {{بایراق|United States Navy}} | serviceyears = 1942–1945 | rank = {{Dodseal|USNO2|25}} [[Lieutenant (junior grade)]] | unit = [[Fast Carrier Task Force]] | battles = [[Military history of the United States during World War II|World War II]] | mawards = {{Unbulleted list |{{Longitem|{{flagicon image|Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg}}&nbsp;[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]}} |{{Flagicon image|Air Medal ribbon.svg}}&nbsp;[[Air Medal]] (3) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/biographies-list/bios-b/bush-george-h-w.html |title=George Herbert Walker Bush |access-date=January 12, 2020 |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |date=August 29, 2019}}</ref> |{{Flagicon image|United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg}}&nbsp;[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]] }} | native_name = {{Nobold|George Herbert Walker Bush}} }} '''جورج هربرت واکر بوش''' {{اینگیلیسجه| '''George H. W. Bush'''}} (دوغوم: {{تاریخ تولد و سن|۱۹۲۴|۶|۱۲}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۴۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۸۹دن ۱۹۹۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو.بوش [[صدام حسین|صدام حوسین]]<nowiki/>ون [[کووئیت]]<nowiki/>ه حجوم اتمسینه گوره [[عراق|عیراق]] دولتینه قارشی [[کؤرفز ساواشی|کورفز ساواشی]]<nowiki/>نی یولا سالدی . جورج بوش دونمینده ان اونملی اولان [[شوروی]]<nowiki/>نون داغیلماسی دیر. بوش ۲۰۱۸ نوامبر ۳۰ دا [[تکزاس ایالتی]]<nowiki/>نده اولدو. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery widths="200px" heights="155px"> File:GHWBSPEECH.jpg File:Reagan-Bush_Nashua_1980_debate.jpg File:Photograph_of_the_Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_and_Vice-President_Bush_-_NARA_-_198518.jpg </gallery> == نوتلار == {{Notelist}} == اتک یازیلار == {{قایناق|25em}} ===Works cited=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Greene |first=John Robert |title=The Presidency of George Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofgeor0000gree |year=2015 |edition=2nd |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-2079-1}} * {{cite book|last1=Herring|first1=George C.|title=From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-507822-0|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcolonytosupe00herr}} * {{cite book|last1=Leuchtenberg|first1=William E.|title=The American President: From Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton|url=https://archive.org/details/americanpresiden0000leuc|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195176162}} * {{cite book |last=Meacham |first=Jon |authorlink=Jon Meacham |title=Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMgOCAAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4000-6765-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Naftali |first1=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Naftali |title=George H. W. Bush |date=2007 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8050-6966-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/georgehwbush0000naft_v9m8 }} * {{cite book|last1=Patterson|first1=James|title=Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195122169|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/restlessgiantuni00patt_0}} * {{cite book|last1=Rossinow|first1=Douglas C.|title=The Reagan Era: A History of the 1980s|url=https://archive.org/details/reaganerahistory0000ross|date=2015|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231538657}} * {{cite journal|last1=Waterman|first1=Richard W.|title=Storm Clouds on the Political Horizon: George Bush at the Dawn of the 1992 Presidential Election|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_spring-1996_26_2/page/337|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|date=1996|volume=26|issue=2|pages=337–349|jstor=27551581}} * {{cite book|last1=Wilentz|first1=Sean|title=The Age of Reagan|date=2008|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-074480-9|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofreaganhisto00wile}} {{Refend}} == آرتیق اوخو == ===Secondary sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1=Andrew |first1=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Andrew (historian) |title=For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/forpresidentseye0000andr_w6t7 |date=1996 |publisher=Harper Perennial |isbn=978-0-06-092178-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/forpresidentseye0000andr_w6t7/page/503 503]–536 }} * {{Cite book |last=Barilleaux |first=Ryan J. |authorlink= |author2=Stuckey, Mary E. |title=Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change |year=1992 |publisher=Praeger |location=New York |isbn=978-0-275-94418-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/leadershipbushpr0000unse }} * {{cite journal |last1=Brands |first1=H. W. |title=George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2004-03_34_1/page/113 |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=2004 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=113–131 |jstor=27552567 |doi=10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00038.x }} * {{Cite book |last=Ducat |first=Stephen J. |authorlink= |title=The Wimp Factor: Gender Gaps, Holy Wars, and the Politics of Anxious Masculinity |year=2004 |publisher=Beacon Press |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-8070-4344-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/wimpfactorgender00duca }} * {{Cite book |last=Duffy |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Duffy (American journalist) |author2=Goodgame, Dan |title=Marching in Place: The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush |year=1992 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-671-73720-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/marchinginplaces00duff }} * {{Cite book |last=Fitzwater |first=Marlin |authorlink=Marlin Fitzwater |title=Call the Briefing |year=1995 |publisher=Times Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7388-3458-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Hyams |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Hyams |title=Flight of the Avenger: George Bush at War |year=1991 |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovic |location=San Diego |isbn=978-0-15-131469-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Kelley |first=Kitty |authorlink=Kitty Kelley |title=The Family: The True Story of the Bush Dynasty |year=2004 |publisher=Doubleday |location=London |isbn=978-0-385-50324-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/familyrealstoryo00kell }} * {{Cite book |last=Podhoretz |first=John |authorlink=John Podhoretz |title=Hell of a Ride: Backstage at the White House Follies, 1989–1993 |year=1993 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-671-79648-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/hellofridebackst00podh }} * {{cite journal|last=Saunders|first=Harold|title=What Really Happened in Bangladesh: Washington, Islamabad, and the Genocide in East Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_foreign-affairs_may-june-2014_93_3/page/36|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=93|issue=3|date=July 2014|pages=36–42}} * {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward |authorlink=Jean Edward Smith |title=George Bush's War |year=1992 |publisher=Henry Holt & Company |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8050-1388-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgebushswar00smit }} * {{Cite book |last=Sununu |first=John H. |title=The Quiet Man: The Indispensable Presidency of George H. W. Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/quietmanindispen0000sunu |publisher=Broadside Books |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-06-238428-7 |authorlink=John H. Sununu }} * {{cite book |last1=Updegrove |first1=Mark K. |authorlink=Mark K. Updegrove |title=The Last Republicans: Inside the Extraordinary Relationship between George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/lastrepublicansi0000upde_d7i5 |date=2017 |publisher=Harper |isbn=978-0-06-265412-0 }} * {{Cite book |last=Wicker |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Wicker |title=George Herbert Walker Bush |publisher=Lipper/Viking |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-670-03303-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgeherbertwal00wick }} * {{cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/06/12/the-president-who-treated-me-like-a-son.html |title=The President Who Treated Me Like a Son |last=McBride |first=Tim |authorlink= |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=June 12, 2009 |access-date=October 8, 2014 }} * {{cite AV media |year=2008 |title=American Experience, The Presidents: George H.W. Bush |medium=Television production |url=http://video.pbs.org/video/979907571 |access-date=October 8, 2014 |publisher=[[American Experience]], Public Broadcasting Service }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Refend}} === Primary sources === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |title=Looking Forward: An Autobiography |year=1987 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |isbn=978-0-385-14181-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/lookingforward00bush }} * {{Cite book |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |author2=Scowcroft, Brent |title=A World Transformed |year=1998 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-0-679-43248-7|title-link=A World Transformed}} * {{Cite book |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |title=All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings |year=1999 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |isbn=978-0-684-83958-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/allbestgeorgebus00bush }} * {{cite interview |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |last2=Bush |first2=Barbara |interviewer=McGrath, Jim |title=Interview with: George W. Bush, Barbara Bush |url=http://digital.houstonlibrary.org/oral-history/george-bush.php |date=2009 |access-date=October 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114224918/http://digital.houstonlibrary.org/oral-history/george-bush.php |archive-date=November 14, 2013 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Bush |first=George W. |title=41: A Portrait of My Father |year=2014 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-553-44778-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/41portraitofmyfa0000bush }} * {{cite book |last=Bush Koch |first=Dorothy |title=My Father, My President: A Personal Account of the Life of George H. W. Bush |isbn=978-0-446-57990-2 |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |year=2006 |url=https://archive.org/details/myfathermypresid00koch }} * {{cite book |last=Bush|first=George H. W.|editor-last= Engel|editor-first=Jeffrey A.|title=The China Diary of George H. W. Bush: The Making of a Global President |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRvdwoKQOgQC&pg=PA356 |year=2011 |publisher=Princeton UP |isbn=978-1-4008-2961-3}} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190206232136/https://www.bush41.org/ George H.W. Bush Presidential Library Center] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgehwbush White House biography] * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#bush Full audio of a number of Bush speeches] [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{New York Times topic|people/b/george_bush}} * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|B001166}} * <!-- Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template: * [http://www.ontheissues.org/Gerald_Ford.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]] * [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n88-112497 Works by or about George H. W. Bush] in libraries ([[WorldCat]] catalog) * [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/georgebush Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]] programs * [http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/3592 Appearances] on [[Charlie Rose (TV show)|''Charlie Rose'']] * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0124132 Appearances] at the [[اینترنت‌ده فیلملرین بیلگی قایناغی]] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/george-bush-senior Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Guardian]]'' * [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/george_bush//index.html Collected news and commentary] at ''[[نیویورک تایمز]]'' * [http://topics.wsj.com/person/B/george-hw-bush/5370 Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (paywall) * --> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070516070910/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/bush Extensive essays on Bush] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{C-SPAN|George Bush}} ** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151637-1/life-portrait-george-hw-bush "Life Portrait of George H. W. Bush"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', December 13, 1999 * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/bush/player/ ''George H. W. Bush''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116044653/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/bush/player/ |date=2017-01-16 }}&nbsp;an [[American Experience]] documentary * {{Gutenberg author|id=1672}} * {{Find a Grave|4311}} {{George H. W. Bush}} {{Navboxes | title= Articles related to George H. W. Bush | list1= {{Bush family}} {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{DCIA}} {{USUNambassadors}} {{US Ambassadors to China}} {{Cold War}} {{George W. Bush}} {{Ford cabinet}} {{Reagan cabinet}} {{GHW Bush cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1968}} {{United States presidential election, 1980}} {{United States presidential election, 1984}} {{United States presidential election, 1988}} {{United States presidential election, 1992}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی}} {{NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Navboxes | title = Offices and distinctions | list1 = {{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[Roy Whittenburg]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] from [[تکزاس ایالتی]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[United States Senate election in Texas, 1964|1964]], [[United States Senate election in Texas, 1970|1970]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[آلان ایستیلمن]]}} {{S-bef|rows=2|before=[[باب دول]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican National Committee]]|years=1973–1974}} {{S-aft|after=[[ماری لوئیز ایسمیت (سیاستچی)]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[دن کویل]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[رونالد ریقان]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1988 United States presidential election|1988]], [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[باب دول]]}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان دوودی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Texas|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Texas's 7th congressional district]]|years=1967–1971}} {{S-aft|after=[[بیل آرچر]]}} {{S-dip}} 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{{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۹۲۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۸-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینین چینده‌کی سفیرلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاسی یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:قرینویچ، کنتیکت دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:میدلند، تکزاس دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:میلتون، ماساچوست دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] d4ygx68rgcdojrfu5pr491er1e7eewd 0 20457 1590557 465874 2026-07-13T11:08:17Z H.Ganjeli 58356 1590557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:M4A4 cutaway.svg|thumb|300px]] ''' تانک ''' — بؤیوک، آغیر و زره‌لی ساواش [[ماشین|ماشینی‌]]. تانک آغیر اوْدلو سیلاحلارلا دوْغرو جهتدن دۆشمنه حمله ائتمک اۆچوندور. تانک‌لار مین، توپ، آنتی تانک سیلاحلار و هاوا حمله‌لرین قاباغیندا ضعیف‌ اولدوقلارینا گؤره عۆمۇمیتله تک باشینا حرکت ائتمزلر و باشقا بیرلیک‌لرله بیرلیکده حرکت ائدرلر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==آیریجا باخ== *[[تی-۷۲]] {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:حربی ابزارلار]] lrv22hx5yirh6mgvy6jeap8nj20t37d 0 20827 1590448 1588849 2026-07-12T16:45:02Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Kingdom of mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Plants | fossil_range = {{Long fossil range|Mesoproterozoic|present}} | image = Diversity of plants image version 5.png | image_caption = | image_alt = | taxon = Plantae | authority = ''sensu'' Copeland, 1956 | display_parents = 3 | subdivision_ranks = Superdivisions | subdivision = * [[Chlorokybophyta]] * [[Mesostigmatophyta]] * [[Spirotaenia]] * '''Chlorobionta''' <small>Kenrick & Crane 1997</small> ** [[Chlorophyta]] * '''[[Streptobionta]]''' <small>Kenrick & Crane 1997</small> ** [[Klebsormidiophyceae]] ** [[Charophyta]] (stoneworts) ** [[Chaetosphaeridiales]] ** [[Coleochaetophyta]] ** [[Zygnematophyta]] ** [[Embryophyta]] <small>Engler, 1892</small> (land plants) *** [[Marchantiophyta]] (liverworts) *** [[Moss|Bryophyta]] (mosses) *** [[Anthocerotophyta]] (hornworts) *** †[[Horneophyta]] *** †[[Aglaophyta]] *** [[Tracheophyta]] (vascular plants) | synonyms = * [[Viridiplantae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1981</small><ref name=CavalierSmith1981>{{cite journal |first=T. |last=Cavalier-Smith|year=1981|title=Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?|url=https://archive.org/details/bio-systems_1981_14_3-4/page/461 |journal=BioSystems|volume=14|issue=3–4|pages=461–481|doi=10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2|pmid=7337818}}</ref> * Chlorobionta <small>Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004</small><ref name=LewisMcCourt>{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=L.A.|first2=R.M.|last2=McCourt|year=2004|title=Green algae and the origin of land plants|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=91|issue=10|pages=1535–1556|doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535|pmid=21652308}}</ref> * Chlorobiota <small>Kenrick and Crane 1997</small><ref name=KenrickCrane1997>{{cite book |last1=Kenrick|first1=Paul|last2=Crane|first2=Peter R.|date=1997|title=The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study|url=https://archive.org/details/originearlydiver0000kenr|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|isbn=978-1-56098-730-7}}</ref> * Chloroplastida <small>Adl et al., 2005 </small><ref name=Adl>{{cite journal|authors=Adl, S.M.|year=2005|title=The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists|journal=The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology|volume= 52| issue=5|pages=399–451|doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x |display-authors=etal|pmid=16248873|s2cid=8060916|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Phyta <small>Barkley 1939</small> emend. <small>Holt & Uidica 2007</small> * Cormophyta <small>Endlicher, 1836</small> * Cormobionta <small>Rothmaler, 1948</small> * Euplanta <small>Barkley, 1949</small> * Telomobionta <small>Takhtajan, 1964</small> * Embryobionta <small>Cronquist et al., 1966</small> * متافیتا <small>ویتاکر، ۱۹۶۹</small> }} '''بیتکی‌''' یا دا '''بیتگی''' — [[آغاج]]، [[اوت|اوْت]] و [[چیچک]] کیمی [[توپراق|توْپراغا]]<nowiki/> کؤک سالاراق یئتیشن یارادیقلارا دئییلر. بیتکیلرله برابر بعضی [[تک سلوللو]]<nowiki/>لار [[فوتوسنتز]] قابیلیّتینه صاحیبدیرلر. ==بونلارا دا باخ== *[[فلورا]] *[[دوزا دواملی‌بیت‌کیلر]] == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} == چوخ اوخو == '''عومومی:''' * Evans, L.T. (1998). ''Feeding the Ten Billion – Plants and [[Population]] Growth''. [[Cambridge University Press]]. Paperback, 247 pages. {{ISBN|0-521-64685-5}}. * Kenrick, Paul & Crane, Peter R. (1997). ''The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study''. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. {{ISBN|1-56098-730-8}}. * Raven, Peter H.; Evert, Ray F.; & Eichhorn, Susan E. (2005). ''Biology of Plants'' (7th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. {{ISBN|0-7167-1007-2}}. * Taylor, Thomas N. & Taylor, Edith L. (1993). ''The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants''. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. {{ISBN|0-13-651589-4}}. * {{cite journal |author= Trewavas A |year= 2003 |title= Aspects of Plant Intelligence |journal= Annals of Botany |volume= 92 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–20 |doi= 10.1093/aob/mcg101 |pmid=12740212 |pmc=4243628}} '''نووعلارین تخمینلری و سایلاری:''' * International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (2004). [[IUCN Red List]] [https://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]. * {{cite journal |author= Prance G.T. |year= 2001 |title= Discovering the Plant World |url= https://archive.org/details/taxon_2001-05_50_2/page/345 |journal= Taxon |volume= 50 |issue= 2, Golden Jubilee Part 4 |pages= 345–359 |doi=10.2307/1223885 |jstor=1223885}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == {{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Plantae}} * {{cite journal |author1=Jones, T.M. |author2=Reid, C.S. |author3=Urbatsch, L.E. |title=Visual study of divisional Plantae |url=https://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224165428/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |url-status=dead }} (requires [[Microsoft Silverlight]]) * {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=https://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Mol. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997|pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/https://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2005|doi-access=free}} * [https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/https://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/https://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] * [https://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309093200/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants |date=9 March 2022 }} ;گیاه‌شناسی و بیتکی اؤرتویو دیتابیسی * [https://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/recherche.php?langue=an African Plants Initiative database] * [https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/ Australia] * [https://www.chilebosque.cl/ Chilean plants at ''Chilebosque''] * [https://www.efloras.org/index.aspx e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219200600/http://www.efloras.org/index.aspx |date=19 February 2022 }} * [https://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html Flora Europaea] * [https://www.floraweb.de/ Flora of Central Europe] {{In lang|de}} * [https://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219202016/http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 |date=19 February 2022 }} * [https://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm List of Japanese Wild Plants Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316094850/http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm |date=16 March 2022 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616151737/https://ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php Meet the Plants-National Tropical Botanical Garden] * [https://www.wildflower.org/ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – Native Plant Information Network at University of Texas, Austin] * [https://www.theplantlist.org/ The Plant List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225025925/http://www.theplantlist.org/ |date=25 February 2022 }} * [https://plants.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture] not limited to continental US species {{مین مقاله}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q756}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:بیتکی| ]] [[Category:Kingdoms (biology)|Plants]] kwy4iu5iq5s9svn1uj6ixc139uxmn9x 0 21934 1590494 1562232 2026-07-12T17:59:18Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Hong Kong Budha.jpg|بندانگشتی|بیر [[بودا]] هئیکلی هونق کونقدا]] '''بودیزم''' — دۆنیا [[دین]]لریندن بیری، یاخلاشیق ۵۰۰ میلیون عۆضوو اوْلان دین و تعلیملر بیرلیگی. اوّلجه [[هیندوستان]]دا اوْرتایا چیخمیش، داها سوْنرا گۆنئی، گۆنئی‌شرق و شرق [[آسیا]]دا ([[چین]]، [[ژاپون]]، [[کوره]]، [[موغولیستان]]، [[نپال]]، [[سری لانکا|سریلانکا]]، [[تایلند]] و [[تبت|تبّت]] کیمی اؤلکه‌لرده) یاییلمیشدیر. فرقلی دۆنیاگؤروشلرینه گؤره دین و یا [[فلسفه]] اوْلاراق تانیلان بۇدیزم هدفی، یاشاییشداکی آغری، ایضطیراب و امنیت‌سیزلیگین قایناقلارینی آچیقلاییب بۇنلاری آرادان آپارماق یوْللارینی گؤسترمکدیر. بودیزمده تعلیملرین اساس جهتی [[مدیتئیشن]] کیمی ایچه باخیش یوْللاری، [[تناسوخ]] دئییلن دوْغوم-اؤلوم دؤورونون تکراری و [[کارما]] دئییلن سبب-نتیجه زنجیری کیمی آنلاییشلاردیر. بودیزم سانسکریت و پالی دیل‌لرینده‌کی کؤهنه بودیست یازیلاریندا «اوْیانمیش آدام - فرقینده اوْلان» معناسینی وئرن «بودا» سؤزوندن یارانمیشدیر. تاریخی بودا دا آدی چکیلن [[قوتاما بودا|سیدارتا قوتاما]] بودیزمین قۇروجوسو اوْلاراق تانیلیر. سیدارتانین یاشاییشینداکی غذابلارین قایناغینی آچیقلاماق مقصدییله ائتدیگی اۇزون ایشلر نتیجه‌سینده ایضطیرابی سوْنا چاتدیراراق بیر معنوی آنلاییشا چاتدیغی و بئله‌لیک‌له بۇدالیغا چاتدیغی (اوْیاندیغی) قبول ائدیلیر. بودیزم، سیدارتا قوتامانین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا ۵۰۰ ایل بوْیونجا هیندوستان یاریم‌آداسیندا، داها سوْنرا آسیا و دۆنیانین آیری یئرلرینده یاییلماغا باشلادی. هیندوستاندا گئتدیکجه نۆفۇذونو الدن وئرن بۇدیزم، گۆنئی‌شرق آسیا و اۇزاق‌شرق آسیادا اثرینی گۆنوموزه کیمی داوام ائتدیرمیشدیر. ==بیرده باخ== {{Wikipedia books|Buddhism}} {{پوْرتال|دین}} {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو|colwidth=30em}} * [[تنگری‌چیلیک]] {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو سوْنو}} ==نوتلار== {{قایناق|group=note|2}} ''Subnotes'' {{قایناق|group=subnote|2}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==Sources== <!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Only references that are actually used and cited in the article should be placed here. Mainly list only books, and journals (not websites, newspapers). List in alphabetical order, by first author's last name. Try maintaining a standard formatting style and add ISBN numbers if possible. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite_sources for further details. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --> ===کیتابلار=== {{Refbegin|30em}} <!-- A --> * {{Citation|last=Ajahn Sucitto| authorlink = Ajahn Sucitto|year=2010|title=Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching|publisher=Shambhala}} * {{Citation| last =Anderson | first =Carol | year =1999 | title =Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon | publisher =Routledge}} * {{Cite book | last =Anderson | first =Carol | year =2003 | chapter =Four Noble Truths | editor-last =Buswell | editor-first =Robert E. | title =Encyclopedia of Buddhism | publisher =Macmillan Reference Books | isbn =978-0028657189}} * {{Citation| last =Anderson | first =Carol | year =2013 | title =Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon | publisher =Routledge}} * {{Citation|last=Armstrong|first=Karen|authorlink=Karen Armstrong|title=Buddha|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn=978-0143034360|page=}} <!-- B --> * {{Citation|last=Bareau|first=André|authorlink=André Bareau|title='Les Sectes bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule|publisher=École Française d'Extrême-Orient|location=Saigon|year=1955|isbn=}} * {{Citation| last=Gombrich|first= Richard | year =1984| title =The World of Buddhism | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-0500250891}} * {{Citation|last=Bodhi|first=Bhikkhu| authorlink=Bhikkhu Bodhi |title=The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya|date=2000|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=978-0861713318|page=}} * {{Citation| last =Bond | first =George D. | year =1992 | title =The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publishers}} * {{Citation| last =Brazier | first =David | year =2001 | title =The Feeling Buddha | publisher =Robinson Publishing}} * {{Citation| last =Bronkhorst | first =Johannes | authorlink = J. 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Mainly list only books, and journals (not websites, newspapers). List in alphabetical order, by first author's last name. Try maintaining a standard formatting style and add ISBN numbers if possible. 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If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on the article's talk page, or submit your link to the relevant category at Curlie (curlie.org) and link there using {{Curlie}}. --> * [http://buddhanet.net/ Worldwide Buddhist Information and Education Network], BuddhaNet * [https://suttacentral.net/ Early Buddhist texts, translations, and parallels], SuttaCetral * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160808095741/http://alc.ucla.edu/refguide/refguide.htm East Asian Buddhist Studies: A Reference Guide], Robert Buswell and William Bodiford, UCLA * [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150625131436/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/sites/default/files/filemanager/ASDP/WabashDePauw2014/Buddhist_Asia_Bibliography_China_and_Tibet.pdf Buddhist Bibliography (China and Tibet)], East West Center * [http://www.unm.edu/~rhayes/numata.html Ten Philosophical Questions: Buddhism], Richard Hayes, Leiden University * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org Readings in Theravada Buddhism], Access to Insight * [http://terebess.hu/zen/hakuin.html Readings in Zen Buddhism], Hakuin Ekaku (Ed: Monika Bincsik) * [http://www.dsbcproject.org Readings in Sanskrit Buddhist Canon], Nagarjuna Institute – UWest * [http://www.tipitaka.org/index.shtml Readings in Buddhism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624145400/https://www.tipitaka.org/index.shtml |date=2021-06-24 }}, Vipassana Research Institute (English, Southeast Asian and Indian Languages) * [[:dmoz:Society/Religion and Spirituality/Buddhism|Religion and Spirituality: Buddhism]] at Open Directory Project * [http://www.patheos.com/Topics/Future-of-World-Religions/Buddhism.html The Future of Buddhism series], from ''[[Patheos]]'' * [http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/buddhism/default.htm Buddhist Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020135347/https://asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/buddhism/default.htm/ |date=2020-10-20 }}, Smithsonian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080106085643/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/index.html Buddhism&nbsp;– objects, art and history], V&A Museum {{Buddhism topics}} {{Navboxes |title=Buddhism by country |list= {{Africa in topic|Buddhism in}} {{Asia in topic|Buddhism in}} {{Buddhism in Europe}} {{North America in topic|Buddhism in}} {{South America in topic|Buddhism in}} }} {{Gautama Buddha}} {{Religion topics}} {{مین مقاله}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:قوتاما بودا]] [[بؤلمه:بودیزم]] [[بؤلمه:شرق دینلری]] 835ncj7ml1a4ozafh65tc0a2wsmzh4f 0 22936 1590481 1590430 2026-07-12T17:44:30Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''اکبر شاه''' ، ([[ هیند دیلی|هیندیجه]]: जलालुद्दीन मुहम्मद अकबर)٬ [[ اوردو دیلی|اوردوجا]]: جلال الدین محمد اکبر)٬ بۆتون آدییلا أبو الفاتح جلال الدین محمد اکبر (دوْغوم ۱۵ اوکتوبر ۱۵۴۲ - اؤلوم ۲۷ اوکتوبر ۱۶۰۵)٬ آتاسی [[نصیرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]]دان سوْنرا ۱۵۵۶-۱۶۰۵ آراسی [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|هیند موْغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]نون شاهی. سیندده یئرلَشن عمرکۆت قلعه‌سینده آنادان اوْلموشدور. آتاسی همایون شاه صفوی درباریندایکن آناسی حمیده بئیگیم‌له ائولنمیشدیر. هیند موغول ایمپیراتورلوغونون ان پارلاق دؤنمی [[اکبر شاه|اکبر شاهین]] پادیشاه اوْلدوغو دؤنمدیر.{{مین مقاله}} {{Infobox royalty | title= | image = Portrait of Akbar by Manohar.jpg | caption = Late 16th century portrait of Akbar by [[Manohar Das|Manohar]] | succession = 3rd [[Mughal Emperor]] | reign = 11 February 1556&nbsp;– 27 October 1605<ref name=Eraly04>{{cite book |last=Eraly |first=Abraham |title=The Mughal Throne: The Saga of India's Great Emperors |year=2004 |publisher= Phoenix |isbn= 978-0-7538-1758-2 |pages=115, 116 |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Akbar (Mughal emperor) |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11421/Akbar |publisher= Encyclopedia Britannica Online |accessdate= 2013-01-18}}</ref> | coronation =14 February 1556<ref name=Eraly04/> | predecessor = [[نصرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]] | successor = [[جهانگیرشاه]] | regent = [[بایرام خان]] | spouse=* [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۲}} |spouse-type=کرالیچه (شاه خانیمی) |spouses-type =خانیم لار |spouses =[[رقیه سلطان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۶}}<br>[[سلیمه سلطان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۱}}<br>راضیه بیگم<br>قاسمیه بانو بیگم<br>بی بی دولت شاد<br />راج کانواری<br />ناثی بای<br />باکاری بیگم<br />گوهرالنساء بیگم<br />روکماواتی | issue =فاطما بانو بیگم<br> شهزاده حسن میرزا<br>شهزاده حسین میرزا<br>شهزاده عباس میرزا <br>[[جهانگیرشاه]]<br>خانیم سلطان بیگم<br>شهزاده مراد میرزا<br>[[دانیال میرزا|شهزاده دانیال میرزا]]<br>شکرالنسا بیگم<br>آرام بانو بیگم<br>ماهی بیگم<br>فیروزه خانیم بیگم | full name = ابوالفتوح عالم پناه قبله عالم سلطان جلال‌الدین محمد اکبر | house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] | father = [[Humayun]] | mother = [[حمیده بانو بیگم]] | birth_name = Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar | birth_date = {{birth date|1542|10|15|df=y}}{{efn|name=birth}} | birth_place = [[Umerkot]], [[Rajputana]] (present-day [[سیند ایالتی]], [[پاکیستان]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|1605|10|27|1542|10|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] (present-day [[اوتار پرادش]], [[هیندوستان]]) | date of burial = | place of burial = [[Sikandra, Agra]] | religion =[[سونیلر]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Antony|title=The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present|date=2011|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9780748688784|page=245|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Hd1vAAAAQBAJ&dq=akbar+sunni+muslim&source=gbs_navlinks_s|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Eraly |first=Abraham |title= Emperors of the Peacock Throne : The Saga of the Great Mughals |url= https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral |year=2000 |publisher= Penguin books |isbn= 978-0-14-100143-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral/page/189 189] |edition=}}</ref> [[Din-e-Illahi]] }} == قایناقلار == [[بؤلمه:هیندوستانلی ساواشچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۵۴۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۶۰۵-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:اکبر شاه]] [[بؤلمه:Child rulers from Asia]] [[بؤلمه:16th-century Indian monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Indian people of Iranian descent]] [[بؤلمه:Mughal emperors]] [[بؤلمه:موسلمان شاهلار]] [[بؤلمه:People from Agra]] [[بؤلمه:People from Umerkot]] [[بؤلمه:17th-century Indian monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Timurid monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Indian Sunni Muslims]] [[بؤلمه:Deaths from dysentery]] <references /> dy8o24gq742n0gze69tnarujku5qmzj 1590482 1590481 2026-07-12T17:46:30Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''اکبر شاه''' ، ([[ هیند دیلی|هیندیجه]]: जलालुद्दीन मुहम्मद अकबर)٬ [[ اوردو دیلی|اوردوجا]]: جلال الدین محمد اکبر)٬ بۆتون آدییلا أبو الفاتح جلال الدین محمد اکبر (دوْغوم ۱۵ اوکتوبر ۱۵۴۲ - اؤلوم ۲۷ اوکتوبر ۱۶۰۵)٬ آتاسی [[نصیرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]]دان سوْنرا ۱۵۵۶-۱۶۰۵ آراسی [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|هیند موْغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]نون شاهی. سیندده یئرلَشن عمرکۆت قلعه‌سینده آنادان اوْلموشدور. آتاسی همایون شاه صفوی درباریندایکن آناسی حمیده بئیگیم‌له ائولنمیشدیر. هیند موغول ایمپیراتورلوغونون ان پارلاق دؤنمی [[اکبر شاه|اکبر شاهین]] پادیشاه اوْلدوغو دؤنمدیر.{{مین مقاله}} {{Infobox royalty | title= | image = Portrait of Akbar by Manohar.jpg | caption = Late 16th century portrait of Akbar by [[Manohar Das|Manohar]] | succession = 3rd [[Mughal Emperor]] | reign = 11 February 1556&nbsp;– 27 October 1605<ref name=Eraly04>{{cite book |last=Eraly |first=Abraham |title=The Mughal Throne: The Saga of India's Great Emperors |year=2004 |publisher= Phoenix |isbn= 978-0-7538-1758-2 |pages=115, 116 |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Akbar (Mughal emperor) |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11421/Akbar |publisher= Encyclopedia Britannica Online |accessdate= 2013-01-18}}</ref> | coronation =14 February 1556<ref name=Eraly04/> | predecessor = [[نصرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]] | successor = [[جهانگیرشاه]] | regent = [[بایرام خان]] | spouse=* [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۲}} |spouse-type=کرالیچه (شاه خانیمی) |spouses-type =خانیم لار |spouses =[[رقیه سلطان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۵۶}}<br>[[سلیمه سلطان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۱}}<br>راضیه بیگم<br>قاسمیه بانو بیگم<br>بی بی دولت شاد<br />راج کانواری<br />ناثی بای<br />باکاری بیگم<br />گوهرالنساء بیگم<br />روکماواتی | issue =فاطما بانو بیگم<br> شهزاده حسن میرزا<br>شهزاده حسین میرزا<br>شهزاده عباس میرزا <br>[[جهانگیرشاه]]<br>خانیم سلطان بیگم<br>شهزاده مراد میرزا<br>[[دانیال میرزا|شهزاده دانیال میرزا]]<br>شکرالنسا بیگم<br>آرام بانو بیگم<br>ماهی بیگم<br>فیروزه خانیم بیگم | full name = ابوالفتوح عالم پناه قبله عالم سلطان جلال‌الدین محمد اکبر | house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] | father = [[Humayun]] | mother = [[حمیده بانو بیگم]] | birth_name = Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar | birth_date = {{birth date|1542|10|15|df=y}}{{efn|name=birth}} | birth_place = [[Umerkot]], [[Rajputana]] (present-day [[سیند ایالتی]], [[پاکیستان]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|1605|10|27|1542|10|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] (present-day [[اوتار پرادش]], [[هیندوستان]]) | date of burial = | place of burial = [[Sikandra, Agra]] | religion =[[سونیلر]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Antony|title=The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present|date=2011|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9780748688784|page=245|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Hd1vAAAAQBAJ&dq=akbar+sunni+muslim&source=gbs_navlinks_s|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Eraly |first=Abraham |title= Emperors of the Peacock Throne : The Saga of the Great Mughals |url= https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral |year=2000 |publisher= Penguin books |isbn= 978-0-14-100143-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral/page/189 189] |edition=}}</ref> [[Din-e-Illahi]] }} == قایناقلار == [[بؤلمه:هیندوستانلی ساواشچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۵۴۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۶۰۵-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:اکبر شاه]] [[بؤلمه:Child rulers from Asia]] [[بؤلمه:16th-century Indian monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Indian people of Iranian descent]] [[بؤلمه:Mughal emperors]] [[بؤلمه:موسلمان شاهلار]] [[بؤلمه:People from Agra]] [[بؤلمه:People from Umerkot]] [[بؤلمه:17th-century Indian monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Timurid monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Indian Sunni Muslims]] [[بؤلمه:Deaths from dysentery]] <references /> 5ay2f7ka3bak1zvmns85w65mvlq6qfd 1590488 1590482 2026-07-12T17:51:54Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''اکبر شاه''' ، ([[ هیند دیلی|هیندیجه]]: जलालुद्दीन मुहम्मद अकबर)٬ [[ اوردو دیلی|اوردوجا]]: جلال الدین محمد اکبر)٬ بۆتون آدییلا أبو الفاتح جلال الدین محمد اکبر (دوْغوم ۱۵ اوکتوبر ۱۵۴۲ - اؤلوم ۲۷ اوکتوبر ۱۶۰۵)٬ آتاسی [[نصیرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]]دان سوْنرا ۱۵۵۶-۱۶۰۵ آراسی [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|هیند موْغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]نون شاهی. سیندده یئرلَشن عمرکۆت قلعه‌سینده آنادان اوْلموشدور. آتاسی همایون شاه صفوی درباریندایکن آناسی حمیده بئیگیم‌له ائولنمیشدیر. هیند موغول ایمپیراتورلوغونون ان پارلاق دؤنمی [[اکبر شاه|اکبر شاهین]] پادیشاه اوْلدوغو دؤنمدیر.{{مین مقاله}} {{Infobox royalty | title= | image = Portrait of Akbar by Manohar.jpg | caption = Late 16th century portrait of Akbar by [[Manohar Das|Manohar]] | succession = 3rd [[Mughal Emperor]] | reign = 11 February 1556&nbsp;– 27 October 1605<ref name=Eraly04>{{cite book |last=Eraly |first=Abraham |title=The Mughal Throne: The Saga of India's Great Emperors |year=2004 |publisher= Phoenix |isbn= 978-0-7538-1758-2 |pages=115, 116 |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Akbar (Mughal emperor) |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11421/Akbar |publisher= Encyclopedia Britannica Online |accessdate= 2013-01-18}}</ref> | coronation =14 February 1556<ref name=Eraly04/> | predecessor = [[نصرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]] | successor = [[جهانگیرشاه]] | regent = [[بایرام خان]] | spouse=* [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۲}} |spouse-type=کرالیچه (شاه خانیمی) |spouses-type =خانیم لار |spouses =[[رقیه سلطان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۵۰}}<br>[[سلیمه سلطان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۶۱}}<br>راضیه بیگم<br>قاسمیه بانو بیگم<br>بی بی دولت شاد<br />راج کانواری<br />ناثی بای<br />باکاری بیگم<br />گوهرالنساء بیگم<br />روکماواتی | issue =فاطما بانو بیگم<br> شهزاده حسن میرزا<br>شهزاده حسین میرزا<br>شهزاده عباس میرزا <br>[[جهانگیرشاه]]<br>خانیم سلطان بیگم<br>شهزاده مراد میرزا<br>[[دانیال میرزا|شهزاده دانیال میرزا]]<br>شکرالنسا بیگم<br>آرام بانو بیگم<br>ماهی بیگم<br>فیروزه خانیم بیگم | full name = ابوالفتوح عالم پناه قبله عالم سلطان جلال‌الدین محمد اکبر | house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] | father = [[نصرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]] | mother = [[حمیده بانو بیگم]] | birth_name = Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar | birth_date = {{birth date|1542|10|15|df=y}}{{efn|name=birth}} | birth_place = [[Umerkot]], [[Rajputana]] (present-day [[سیند ایالتی]], [[پاکیستان]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|1605|10|27|1542|10|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] (present-day [[اوتار پرادش]], [[هیندوستان]]) | date of burial = | place of burial = [[Sikandra, Agra]] | religion =[[سونیلر]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Antony|title=The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present|date=2011|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9780748688784|page=245|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Hd1vAAAAQBAJ&dq=akbar+sunni+muslim&source=gbs_navlinks_s|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Eraly |first=Abraham |title= Emperors of the Peacock Throne : The Saga of the Great Mughals |url= https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral |year=2000 |publisher= Penguin books |isbn= 978-0-14-100143-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral/page/189 189] |edition=}}</ref> [[Din-e-Illahi]] }} == قایناقلار == [[بؤلمه:هیندوستانلی ساواشچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۵۴۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۶۰۵-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:اکبر شاه]] [[بؤلمه:Child rulers from Asia]] [[بؤلمه:16th-century Indian monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Indian people of Iranian descent]] [[بؤلمه:Mughal emperors]] [[بؤلمه:موسلمان شاهلار]] [[بؤلمه:People from Agra]] [[بؤلمه:People from Umerkot]] [[بؤلمه:17th-century Indian monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Timurid monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Indian Sunni Muslims]] [[بؤلمه:Deaths from dysentery]] <references /> d03v7lttxy3pv37oa7iz8jr4tszmw9i 0 25290 1590446 449653 2026-07-12T16:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox planet | name = Titan | alt_names = Saturn VI | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Titan.ogg|ˈ|t|aɪ|t|ən}} | adjectives = Titanean, Titanian<ref>"Titanian" is the adjectival form of both Titan and Uranus's moon [[Titania (moon)|Titania]]. The latter may be pronounced with an ''{{Respell|ah}}'' vowel ({{IPAc-en|t|ᵻ|ˈ|t|ɑː|n|i|ə|n}}), but the form for Titan is only pronounced with an ''{{Respell|ay}}'' vowel: {{IPAc-en|t|aɪ|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|i|ə|n}}. The less common "Titanean" {{IPAc-en|t|aɪ|t|ə|ˈ|n|iː|ə|n}} refers only to Titan.</ref> | image = Titan in true color.jpg | caption = Titan in natural color. The thick atmosphere is orange due to a dense [[:Category:Organonitrogen compounds|organonitrogen]] haze. | orbit_ref =<ref name="horizons" /> | discovery = yes | discoverer = [[کریستیان هویقنس]] | discovered = March 25, 1655 | periapsis = {{val|1186680|u=km}} | apoapsis = {{val|1257060|u=km}} | semimajor = {{val|1221870|u=km}} | eccentricity = {{val|0.0288}} | period = {{val|15.945|u=days}} | avg_speed = 5.57 km/s (calculated) | inclination = {{val|0.34854|u=°}} (to Saturn's equator) | satellite_of = [[زوحل]] | physical_characteristics = yes | mean_diameter = {{val|5151.0|4.0|u=km}} (0.404 [[یئر]]s)<ref name="Jacobson 2006">{{cite journal| doi=10.1086/508812| last1=Jacobson | first1=R. A.| last2=Antreasian | first2=P. G.| last3=Bordi | first3=J. J.| last4=Criddle | first4=K. E.| last5=Ionasescu | first5=R.| last6=Jones | first6=J. B.| last7=Mackenzie | first7=R. A.| last8=Meek | first8=M. C.| last9=Parcher | first9=D.| first10=F. J. | last10=Pelletier| first11=W. M. | last11=Owen, Jr.| first12=D. C. | last12=Roth| first13=I. M. | last13=Roundhill| first14=J. R. | last14=Stauch| date=December 2006| title=The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data| journal=The Astronomical Journal| volume=132 | issue=6 | pages=2520–2526| url=http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/132/6/2520/fulltext| bibcode=2006AJ....132.2520J| ref={{sfnRef|Jacobson Antreasian et al.|2006}}}}</ref> (1.480 [[آی]]s) | surface_area = {{val|8.3|e=7|u=km2}} (0.163 Earths) (2.188 Moons) | volume = {{val|7.16|e=10|u=km3}} (0.066 Earths) (3.3 Moons) | mass = {{val|1.3452|0.0002|e=23|u=kg}} <br>(0.0225 Earths)<ref name="Jacobson 2006" /> (1.829 Moons) | density = {{val|1.8798|0.0044|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Jacobson 2006" /> | surface_grav = {{val|1.352|u=m/s2}} ({{val|0.14|u=[[G-force|''g'']]}}) (0.85 Moons) | moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.3414|0.0005}}<ref name="Iess2010">{{cite journal|last1= Iess|first1= L.|last2= Rappaport|first2=N. J.|last3= Jacobson|first3=R. A.|last4= Racioppa|first4= P.|last5= Stevenson|first5=D. J.|last6= Tortora|first6= P.|last7= Armstrong|first7=J. W.|last8= Asmar|first8=S. W.|title= Gravity Field, Shape, and Moment of Inertia of Titan|url= https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-03-12_327_5971/page/1367|journal= Science|volume= 327|issue= 5971|date= 2010-03-12|pages= 1367–1369|doi= 10.1126/science.1182583|pmid=20223984|bibcode = 2010Sci...327.1367I }}</ref> (estimate) | escape_velocity = {{val|2.639|u=km/s}} (0.236 Earths) (1.11 Moons) | rotation = Synchronous | axial_tilt = Zero | albedo = 0.22<ref>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=D. R. |date=February 22, 2011 |title=Saturnian Satellite Fact Sheet |publisher=NASA |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturniansatfact.html |accessdate=2015-04-22 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430122034/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturniansatfact.html |archivedate=April 30, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | magnitude = 8.2<ref name="arval" /> to 9.0 | single_temperature = {{Convert|93.7|K|°C}}<ref name="Mitri">{{cite journal |last=Mitri |first=G. |last2=Showman |first2=Adam P. |last3=Lunine |first3=Jonathan I. |last4=Lorenz |first4=Ralph D. |date=2007 |title=Hydrocarbon Lakes on Titan |url=http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/mitri-etal-2007-lakes.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Icarus |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.004 |bibcode=2007Icar..186..385M |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227112028/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/mitri-etal-2007-lakes.pdf |archivedate=February 27, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | atmosphere = yes | surface_pressure = {{val|146.7|ul=kPa}} ({{val|1.45|ul=atm}}) | atmosphere_composition = Variable<br> [[Stratosphere]]:<br />98.4% [[نیتروژن]] ({{Chem|N|2}}),<br />1.4% [[متان]] ({{Chem|CH|4}}),<br />0.2% [[هیدروژن]] ({{Chem|H|2}});<br />Lower [[troposphere]]:<br>95.0% {{Chem|N|2}}, 4.9% {{Chem|CH|4}};<ref name="Niemann" /><br />{{Nowrap|97% {{Chem|N|2}},}} {{Nowrap|2.7±0.1% {{Chem|CH|4}},}} {{Nowrap|0.1–0.2% {{Chem|H|2}}{{sfnp |Coustenis |Taylor |2008 |pp=154–155}}}} }} '''تایتان''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Titan}})، [[زوحل]] [[زوحل اویدولاری|قمرلریندن]] بیریدیر. تکجه آتوموسفری اوْلان قمر ساییلیر.[[یئر]] کوره سیندن سوْنرا تکجه مایع‌لی کوره‌دیر. مایع اونون اوزونده دنیزکیمی گوروشور. آلتینجی بیضی و کوره شکیلده اویدو زوحل یورونقوسوندا دیر. [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|260px]] ==قایناق== {{اتک‌یازی}} {{گونش سیستمی}} [[بؤلمه:نوجوم]] g1x0vrwih0ov19byy4pwjwd3fao6tiu 0 25375 1590480 449254 2026-07-12T17:44:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uranian rings scheme.png|300px|thumb|اورانوس اوزوکلری.]] '''اورانوس اوزوکلری''' [[اورانوس]] اطرافیندا یئرلشن حلقه‌لره دئییلیر. [[File:Uranian rings PIA01977.jpg|thumb|250px|ایچئری اوزوک.]] ==اوزوکلر خوصوصیتی== {| class="wikitable sortable" | '''Ring name''' || '''Radius (km)'''{{refn|The radii of the 6,5,4, α, β, η, γ, δ, λ and ε rings were taken from Esposito et al., 2002.<ref name=Esposito2002/> The widths of the 6,5,4, α, β, η, γ, δ and ε rings are from Karkoshka et al., 2001.<ref name=Karkoshka2001b/> The radii and widths of the ζ and 1986U2R rings were taken from de Pater et al., 2006.<ref name=dePater2006/> The width of the λ ring is from Holberg et al., 1987.<ref name=Holberg1987/> The radii and widths of the μ and ν rings were extracted from Showalter et al., 2006.<ref name=Showalter2006/>|name=footnoteF|group=lower-alpha}} || '''Width (km)'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteF /> ||'''Eq. depth (km)'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteD />{{refn|The equivalent depth of the 1986U2R and ζ_c/ζ_cc rings is a product of their width and the normal optical depth. The equivalent depths of the 6,5,4, α, β, η, γ, δ and ε rings were taken from Karkoshka et al., 2001.<ref name=Karkoshka2001b/> The equivalent depths of the λ and ζ, μ and ν rings are derived using μEW values from de Pater et al., 2006<ref name=dePater2006/> and de Pater et al., 2006b,<ref name=dePater2006b/> respectively. The μEW values for these rings were multiplied by the factor 20, which corresponds to the assumed albedo of the ring's particles of 5%.|group=lower-alpha}} ||'''N. Opt. depth'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteC />{{Refn|The normal optical depths of all rings except ζ, ζ_c, ζ_cc, 1986U2R, μ and ν were calculated as ratios of the equivalent depths to the widths. The normal optical depth of the 1986U2R ring was taken from de Smith et al., 1986.<ref name="Smith Soderblom et al. 1986" /> The normal optical depths of the μ and ν rings are peak values from Showalter et al., 2006,<ref name=Showalter2006/> while the normal optical depths of ζ, ζ_c and ζ_cc rings are from Dunn eta al., 2010.<ref name=Dunn2010/>|group=lower-alpha}} ||'''Thickness (m)'''{{Refn|The thickness estimates are from Lane et al., 1986.<ref name=Lane1986/>|group=lower-alpha}} ||'''Ecc.'''{{Refn|The rings' eccentricities and inclinations were taken from Stone et al., 1986 and French et al., 1989.<ref name=Stone1986/><ref name=French1988>{{cite journal|last=French|first=Richard D.|author2=Elliot, J.L.|author3=French, Linda M.|display-authors=etal|title=Uranian Ring Orbits from Earth-based and Voyager Occultation Observations|url=https://archive.org/details/icarus_1988-02_73_2/page/349|journal=Icarus |date=1988|volume=73|issue=2|pages=349–478 |bibcode=1988Icar...73..349F |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(88)90104-2}}</ref>|name=footnoteE|group=lower-alpha}} ||'''Incl.(°)'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteE />||'''Notes''' |- |ζ_cc||26&nbsp;840–34&nbsp;890||8&nbsp;000||0.8||~&nbsp;.001||?||?||?||Inward extension of the ζ_c ring |- |ζ_c||34&nbsp;890–37&nbsp;850||3&nbsp;000||0.6||~&nbsp;0.01||?||?||?||Inward extension of the ζ ring |- |1986U2R ||37&nbsp;000–39&nbsp;500||2&nbsp;500||<2.5||<&nbsp;0.01||?||?||?||Faint dusty ring |- |ζ||37&nbsp;850–41&nbsp;350||3&nbsp;500||1||~&nbsp;0.01||?||?||?|| |- |6||41&nbsp;837||1.6–2.2||0.41||0.18–0.25||?||0.01||0.062|| |- |5||42&nbsp;234||1.9–4.9||0.91||0.18–0.48||?||0.019||0.054|| |- |4||42&nbsp;570||2.4–4.4||0.71||0.16–0.30||?||0.011||0.032|| |- |α||44&nbsp;718||4.8–10.0||3.39||0.3–0.7||?||0.008||0.015|| |- |β||45&nbsp;661||6.1–11.4||2.14||0.20–0.35||?||0.004||0.005|| |- |η||47&nbsp;175||1.9–2.7||0.42||0.16–0.25||?||0||0.001|| |- |η_c||47&nbsp;176||40||0.85||0.2||?||0||0.001||Outward broad component of the η ring |- |γ||47&nbsp;627||3.6–4.7||3.3||0.7–0.9||150?||0.001||0.002|| |- |δ_c||48&nbsp;300||10–12||0.3||0.3||?||0||0.001||Inward broad component of the δ ring |- |δ||48&nbsp;300||4.1–6.1||2.2||0.3–0.6||?||0||0.001|| |- |λ||50&nbsp;023||1–2||0.2||0.1–0.2||?||0?||0?||Faint dusty ring |- |ε||51&nbsp;149||19.7–96.4||47||0.5–2.5||150?||0.079||0||Shepherded by [[Cordelia (moon)|Cordelia]] and [[Ophelia (moon)|Ophelia]] |- |ν||66&nbsp;100–69&nbsp;900||3&nbsp;800||0.012||0.000054||?||?||?||Between [[Portia (moon)|Portia]] and [[Rosalind (moon)|Rosalind]], peak brightness at 67&nbsp;300&nbsp;km |- |μ||86&nbsp;000–103&nbsp;000||17&nbsp;000||0.14||0.000085||?||?||?||At [[Mab (moon)|Mab]], peak brightness at 97&nbsp;700&nbsp;km |} ==قایناق== {{اتک‌یازی}} {{گونش سیستمی}} [[بؤلمه:نوجوم]] 74ooxnyvrth9bdem6o2012urv6qaezg 0 25462 1590502 1557386 2026-07-12T18:19:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox planet | width = | name = Kerberos | symbol = | background = | image = Kerberos (moon).jpg | caption = Kerberos imaged by ''[[New Horizons]]'' on 14 July 2015 from a distance of 396,100 km | apsis = | discovery_ref = <ref name="telegram" /> | discoverer = [[Mark R. Showalter|Showalter, M. R.]] et al. | discovery_site = | discovered = 28 June 2011 <br> (verified 20 July 2011) | discovery_method = | mpc_name = | alt_names = S/2011 P 1, P4 | pronounced ={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɜr|b|ər|ə|s}} | named_after = [[Cerberus]] | mp_category = | orbit_ref = <ref name="ShowalterHamilton2015">{{cite journal|last1=Showalter|first1=M. R.|author1link=Mark R. Showalter|last2=Hamilton|first2=D. P.|title=Resonant interactions and chaotic rotation of Pluto's small moons|url=https://archive.org/details/nature-uk_2015-06-04_522_7554/page/45|journal=Nature|volume=522|issue=7554|date=3 June 2015|pages=45–49|doi=10.1038/nature14469|pmid=26040889|bibcode = 2015Natur.522...45S }}</ref> | epoch = | periapsis = | apoapsis = | semimajor = {{val|57783|19|u=km}}<ref name=Lakdawalla1110>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2015/dps15-1110-small-moons.html|title=DPS 2015: Pluto's small moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra [UPDATED]|website=www.planetary.org}}</ref> | eccentricity = 0.00328 ± 0.00020 | period = {{val|32.16756|0.00014|ul=d}}<ref name=Lakdawalla1110/> | synodic_period = | avg_speed = | mean_anomaly = | inclination = {{val|0.389|0.037|ul=deg}} | angular_dist = | asc_node = | long_periastron = | time_periastron = | arg_peri = | semi-amplitude = | satellite_of = Pluto | dimensions = {{Nowrap|1=19 &times; 10 &times; 9 km}}<ref name=LPSC>{{cite web|url=http://livestream.com/viewnow/LPSC2016|title=2016 Lunar & Planetary Science Conference by National Institute of Aerospace|publisher=|accessdate=2018-07-19|archivedate=2018-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623004727/https://livestream.com/viewnow/LPSC2016}}</ref> | circumference = | surface_area = | volume = | mass = {{val|1.65e16|u=kg}}{{refn|group=notes|Derived from the published value of ''GM_Kerberos'' {{=}} {{val|0.0011|0.0006|u=km³/s²}} <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brozović|first1=Marina|last2=Showalter|first2=Mark R.|last3=Jacobson|first3=Robert A.|last4=Buie|first4=Marc W.|title=The orbits and masses of satellites of Pluto|journal=Icarus|date=January 2015|volume=246|pages=317–329|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.015|bibcode = 2015Icar..246..317B }}</ref> and the relationship ''M_Kerberos'' {{=}} {{sfrac|''GM_Kerberos'' |''[[Gravitational constant|G]]''}} }} | density = | surface_grav = | escape_velocity = | rotation = 5.31 ± 0.10 d (chaotic)<ref name=LPSC/> | rot_velocity = | axial_tilt = | right_asc_north_pole = | declination = | pole_ecliptic_lat = | pole_ecliptic_lon = | albedo = 0.56 ± 0.05<ref name=LPSC/> | single_temperature = | temp_name1 = | min_temp_1 = | mean_temp_1 = | max_temp_1 = | temp_name2 = | min_temp_2 = | mean_temp_2 = | max_temp_2 = | spectral_type = | magnitude = {{val|26.1|0.3}}<ref name="telegram" /> | abs_magnitude = | angular_size = | atmosphere_ref = | surface_pressure = | scale_height = | atmosphere_composition = }} '''سربروس''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Kerberos }})، [[پلوتو]] [[پلوتو اویدولاری|قمرلریندن]] بیریدیر. بؤیوک چاپی 12 کیلومتیردیر (7.5 مایل). بو قمر 20 جولای 2011ده تاپیلدی. 2015 جی ایلین جولای آیندا نیوهوریزون اوزای گمیسی اوندان شکیللر سالدی. بیرنجی شکیل 22 اوکتبر 2015ده گوروشدو. [[File:Kerberos (moon).jpg|300px]] [[File:Pluto P4.jpg|thumb|[[Hubble Space Telescope]] discovery images of Kerberos.]] ==قایناق== {{اتک‌یازی}} {{گونش سیستمی}} [[بؤلمه:نوجوم]] 0n375k3w08y4xzfllelmyo0di52omk5 0 28000 1590499 1567352 2026-07-12T18:13:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |name = Sir John Sulston |birth_name = John Edward Sulston |image = John_Sulston.jpg | caption = John Sulston portrait from the [[PLOS|Public Library of Science (PLOS)]] |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1942|03|27}}<ref name="whoswho">{{Who's Who | surname = SULSTON | othernames = Sir John (Edward) | id = U36669 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}</ref> |birth_place = [[Cambridge]], [[England]] |citizenship = [[United Kingdom|Britain]] |nationality = [[English people|English]] |field = {{Plainlist| * [[Chemistry]] * [[Molecular biology]]}} |workplaces = {{Plainlist| * [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]] * [[University of Cambridge]] * [[Salk Institute for Biological Studies|Salk Institute]] * [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]] * [[University of Manchester]]}} |alma_mater = [[University of Cambridge]] (BA, PhD) |thesis_title = Aspects of oligoribonucleotide synthesis |thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648083 |thesis_year = 1966 | influences = {{Plainlist| * [[Ian Fleming (chemist)|Ian Fleming]]<ref name=nobel/> * [[Leslie Orgel]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dunitz | first1 = J. D. | authorlink1 = Jack D. Dunitz| last2 = Joyce | first2 = G. F. | authorlink2 = Gerald Joyce| title = [[Leslie Orgel|Leslie Eleazer Orgel]]. 12 January 1927 -- 27 October 2007 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2013.0002 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | year = 2013 | pmid = | pmc = | volume=59 | pages=277–289}}</ref>}} |doctoral_advisor = Colin Reese<ref name=nobel/> |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = [[Genome sequencing]] of ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]'' and [[Human Genome Project|humans]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilson | first1 = R. | authorlink1 = Richard K. Wilson| last2 = Ainscough | first2 = R. | last3 = Anderson | first3 = K. | last4 = Baynes | first4 = C. | last5 = Berks | first5 = M. | last6 = Bonfield | first6 = J. | last7 = Burton | first7 = J. | last8 = Connell | first8 = M. | last9 = Copsey | first9 = T. | last10 = Cooper | doi = 10.1038/368032a0 | first10 = J. | last11 = Coulson | first11 = A. | last12 = Craxton | first12 = M. | last13 = Dear | first13 = S. | last14 = Du | first14 = Z. | last15 = Durbin | first15 = R. | authorlink15 = Richard M. Durbin| last16 = Favello | first16 = A. | last17 = Fraser | first17 = A. | last18 = Fulton | first18 = L. | last19 = Gardner | first19 = A. | last20 = Green | first20 = P. | last21 = Hawkins | first21 = T. | last22 = Hillier | first22 = L. | last23 = Jier | first23 = M. | last24 = Johnston | first24 = L. | last25 = Jones | first25 = M. | last26 = Kershaw | first26 = J. | last27 = Kirsten | first27 = J. | last28 = Laisster | first28 = N. | last29 = Latreille | first29 = P. | last30 = Lightning | first30 = J. | title = 2.2 Mb of contiguous nucleotide sequence from chromosome III of C. Elegans | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1994-03-03_368_6466/page/n64 | journal = Nature | volume = 368 | issue = 6466 | pages = 32–38 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7906398| pmc = }}</ref><ref name="celegans">{{Cite journal | last1 = Sulston | first1 = J. | last2 = Brenner | first2 = S. | title = The DNA of Caenorhabditis elegans | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_genetics_1974-05_77_1/page/95 | journal = Genetics | volume = 77 | issue = 1 | pages = 95–104 | year = 1974 | pmid = 4858229 | pmc = 1213121 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sulston | first1 = J. E. | last2 = Schierenberg | first2 = E. | last3 = White | first3 = J. G. | last4 = Thomson | first4 = J. N. | title = The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans | url = https://archive.org/details/developmental-biology_1983-11_100_1/page/64 | doi = 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90201-4 | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 100 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–119 | year = 1983 | pmid = 6684600| pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sulston | first1 = J. E. | last2 = Horvitz | first2 = H. R. | doi = 10.1016/0012-1606(77)90158-0 | title = Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans | url = https://archive.org/details/developmental-biology_1977-03_56_1/page/110 | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 56 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–156 | year = 1977 | pmid = 838129| pmc = }}</ref><br>[[Sulston score]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sulston | first1 = J. | last2 = Mallett | first2 = F. | last3 = Staden | first3 = R. | last4 = Durbin | first4 = R. | last5 = Horsnell | first5 = T. | last6 = Coulson | first6 = A. | title = Software for genome mapping by fingerprinting techniques | journal = Computer Applications in the Biosciences (CABIOS) | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 125–132 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2838135 | doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/4.1.125 }}</ref><br>[[Apoptosis]] |awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1986)<ref name=frs/> * [[W. Alden Spencer Award]] (1986) * [[EMBO Membership]] (1989)<ref name=membo/> * [[Darwin Medal]] (1996)<ref name=frs/> * [[George W. Beadle Award|Beadle Award]] (2000)<ref name="beadle"/> * [[Knight Bachelor]] (2001) * [[Edinburgh Medal]] (2001) * [[Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel prize]] (2002) * [[Gairdner Foundation International Award|Gairdner Award]] (2002)}} |spouse = {{marriage|Daphne Edith Bate|1966}}<ref name="whoswho"/> | children = 1 son, 1 daughter<ref name="whoswho"/> | website = {{URL|sanger.ac.uk/people/faculty/honorary-faculty/john-sulston}}}} [[جان سالستن]] - ({{lang-en|Sir John E. Sulston}}) [[بؤیوک بریتانیا|بریتانیا]]لی بیولوژیست (یاشام بیلیم آدامی) و [[بیلیمجی]] دیر. 2002 -جی ایلده [[سوئد]]ین [[نوبل اؤدولو|نوبل]] وقفی قۇرومو طرفیندن وئریلن [[فیزیولوژی و طیب نوبل اؤدولو]]نه لاییق گؤرونموشدور.<br /><br /> == اَییتیم (تحصیلات) == <br /> [[File:Sulston, John Edward (1942).jpg|thumb|350px|left|جان سالستن]] == باشاری یوْلو و آراشدیرمالاری == <br /> == سئچیلمیش مقاله لری == <br /> == اؤدوللر و ایفتیخارلاری == <br /> == اتک یازیلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} {{فیزیولوژی و طیب ده نوبل جایزه‌سینی قازانانلار}} [[بؤلمه:نوبل اؤدولو قازانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:نوبل اؤدولو]] [[بؤلمه:نوبل فیزیولوژی و طیب اؤدولو قازانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:بیولوژی]] hjz72paqlrk1teovn8y6k3zj7z98wyu 0 34195 1590434 1584231 2026-07-12T13:07:43Z GeniusElephant678 62964 1590434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Douai |commune status =[[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and[[فرانسه کومون‌لاری|کومون]] |image coat of arms = Blason Vide 3D.svg |image = Beffroi de Douai (76288).jpg |region =[[نور-پا-دو-کاله]] |arrondissement = Douai |canton = Douai |INSEE = 59178 |postal code = 59500 |mayor = Frédéric Chéreau |term = 2014&amp;ndash; |intercommunality = Douaisis |population = 42796 |population date = 1999 |coordinates = {{coord|50.3714|3.08|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 24 |elevation min m = 16 |elevation max m = 38 |area km2 = 16.88 |image flag=Flag of Douai.svg}} '''دوئه''' ([[فرانسه دیلی|فرانسجه]]: Douai)، [[فرانسه‌]]ده یئر آلان بیر [[کومون (فرانسه)|کومون]] دیر. بۇ شهرین نۆفوسو، ۲۰۱۴-نجی ایلين نۆفوس ساییمی اساسيندا ۴۲۷۹۶ نفر ایمیش و ۲۴ متر [[دنیز سویه‌سی|دنیز سویه‌سیندن]] اۇجالیقی وار. ۱۶٫۸۸ کیلومتر موربّع ساحه‌سی وار. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery mode="packed-hover" perrow="3" heights="170"> فایل:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 018.jpg فایل:Beffroi de Douai (26343).jpg فایل:Cartulaire douai 3 colléges.JPG </gallery> ==قایناق‌لار== {{قایناق}} [[بؤلمه:فرانسه شهرلری]] h0cztkscsxk0ednxtk025t4a6v76b7o 0 57716 1590556 1551523 2026-07-13T10:39:04Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = واشینقتون بیلیم‌یوردو | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = 150 | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = Territorial University of Washington (1861–1889) | motto = [[Let there be light|Lux sit]] ([[Latin language|Latin]]) | motto_lang = [[Let there be light]] | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = [[دؤولت بیلیم‌یوردو|دؤولتی]] | established =1861 | closed = | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = $2.968 billion (2016) | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = [[Ana Mari Cauce]] | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = 43,338 | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[سیاتل]] | state = | province = | country =[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]] | postcode = | coordinates = | campus =شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = [[Harry the Husky]], | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = {{url|www.washington.edu}} | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''واشینقتون بیلیم‌یوردو''' ({{lang-en| University of Washington}}, {{lang-fa|دانشگاه واشینگتن}}، {{lang-ar|جامعة واشنطن}})[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]نین [[سیاتل]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. واشینقتون بیلیم‌یوردو ۱۸۶۱ -جی میلادی ایلده قۇرولوب. عۆمومی و [[دؤولت بیلیم‌یوردو|دؤولتی‌]] اؤیره‌تیم قۇرومودیر و بودجه‌‌سینی دؤولت و بؤیوک شیرکت‌لر و خالقدان آلدیغی اعانه‌لرله تامین ائدیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:Territorial University of Washington - c1870.jpg|<!--The original University building, {{circa}} 1870|236x236px File:Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition - Rainier Vista.jpg|<!--Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition on the UW campus toward Mount Rainier in 1909|236x236px File:Uwaerial1922.jpg|<!--Aerial view of campus, circa 1922|left File:University of Washington Quad, Spring 2007.jpg|<!--University of Washington Quad|The Quad|236x236px File:Entrance of Suzzallo Library.jpg|<!--Entrance of the signature Suzzallo Library|236x236pxFile:Meany Hall, University of Washington.jpg|<!--Meany Hall, concert venue, behind the George Washington (Taft)|statue of George Washington|236x236px File:UW Tower.jpg|<!--UW Tower, conference space and administrative building |285x285px File:Hec Ed.jpg|<!--Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion|Hec Edmundson Pavilion hosts basketball and volleyball|236x236px File:Alberg pano piece 04.jpg|<!--Lake Washington view, from campus side|237x237px </gallery> == مزون‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =University of Washington | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکا بیلیم یوردلاری}} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *See [[Washington (state)#Demographics]] and [[Demographics of the United States]] for references. *As of June 30, 2016. {{cite web |url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2015 to FY 2016 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2017 |accessdate=2018-02-18 |archivedate=2018-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225044952/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf%0A }} *{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools|title=U.S. News Best Graduate Schools|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=U.S. News &amp; World Report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223061939/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools|archive-date=2017-02-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=October 1, 2015}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.washington.edu/news/archive/id/44022|title=UW again receives grade of A- for sustainability|date=September 26, 2008|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.uwtv.org/|title=UWTV|date=|publisher=UWTV|accessdate=June 30, 2012|archivedate=2012-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609230447/http://www.uwtv.org/}} *{{cite web|title=School Colors: Purple and Gold|url=http://www.gohuskies.com/trads/020398aab.html|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=8 July 2012|archivedate=2010-12-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210005902/http://www.gohuskies.com/trads/020398aab.html}} *{{cite web|title=Movie – What the Bleep!? Down the Rabbit Hole (2006)|url=http://networkawesome.com/2012-5-18/movie-what-the-bleep-down-the-rabbit-hole-2006|accessdate=October 8, 2012|archivedate=2013-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104170316/http://networkawesome.com/2012-5-18/movie-what-the-bleep-down-the-rabbit-hole-2006}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.washington.edu/about/environmentalstewardship/|title=Environmental Stewardship Advisory Committee|publisher=University of Washington|accessdate=May 21, 2008|archivedate=2008-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517051607/http://www.washington.edu/about/environmentalstewardship/}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.researchchannel.org/prog/inst.asp |title=ResearchChannel participants |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829044759/http://www.researchchannel.org/prog/inst.asp|archivedate=August 29, 2006 |df=mdy-all}} *{{cite web |title=Fast Facts: 2018 |publisher=University of Washington |url=http://opb.washington.edu/content/uw-fast-facts |access-date=2018-02-18 |archive-date=2015-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312115442/http://opb.washington.edu/content/uw-fast-facts |url-status=dead |accessdate=2018-02-18 |archivedate=2015-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312115442/http://opb.washington.edu/content/uw-fast-facts }} *{{cite news|last=Van Gelder|first=Lawrence|title=The Sixth Man (1997) Hoop Dreams and (Ghostly) Schemes|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9807E2DE143AF93BA15750C0A961958260|accessdate=July 7, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 28, 1997}} *{{cite news |title=Regents: Two-time university president expected to serve at helm of Texas A&amp;M |url=http://www.theeagle.com/news/regents-two-time-university-president-expected-to-serve-at-helm/article_e8cca324-abd7-11e4-97cb-f704a6d2f049.html |publisher=theeagle.com |date=February 3, 2015 |accessdate=February 3, 2015}} [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:University of Washington|University of Washington]] a9e241snd34led6zi40b8l67massw6c 0 58031 1590489 1478129 2026-07-12T17:52:00Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = بارنارد کالجی | native_name = Barnard College in the City of New York | native_name_lang = | image = Formal Seal of Barnard College, New York City, USA.svg | image_size = 150px | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = Hepomene toi logismoi ([[Greek language|Greek]]) | motto_lang = Following the Way of Reason | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = [[اؤزل بیلیم‌یوردو|اؤزل]] | established =1889 | closed = | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = $286.8 million ({{As of|2016|df=US|lc=On}}) | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = Sian Beilock (incoming) https://barnard.edu/leadership/president-beilock | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[نیویورک]] | state = | province = | country =[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]] | postcode = | coordinates = | campus =شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] – [[Ivy League]] | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = {{URL|http://www.barnard.edu/}} | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''بارنارد کالجی''' ({{lang-en| Barnard College}}, {{lang-fa|کالج بارنارد}})[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]نین [[نیویورک]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. خوصوصی و [[اؤزل بیلیم‌یوردو|اؤزل]] اؤیره‌تیم قۇرومودیر. == مزون‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Barnard College | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکا بیلیم یوردلاری}} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *{{cite web|url=http://alum.barnard.edu/s/1133/index.aspx?sid=1133&gid=1&pgid=335|title=Why is Barnard part of the Columbia network?|publisher=Alumnae Affairs, Barnard College|accessdate=July 10, 2012}} *{{cite news|title=Mrs. John Cosgrave Is Dead Founded Finch Junior College: Was Institution's President Nearly 50 Years; Coined 'Current Events' Phrase|date=November 1, 1949|publisher=New York Herald Tribune|accessdate=November 20, 2015}} *{{cite journal|date=Spring 1991|title=Social and Cultural Stratification in Women's Higher Education: Barnard College and Teachers College, 1898-1912|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-of-education-quarterly_spring-1991_31_1/page/1|journal=History of Education Quarterly|volume=31|issue=1|pages=1–25|jstor=368780|author=Weneck, Bette}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rq8FS3juFzAC&pg=PT229&lpg=PT229&dq=linda+leclair#PPT229,M1|title=Sex in the heartland|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=1999|isbn=0-674-00974-6|page=201|author=Bailey, Beth L.}} *[http://www.barnard.edu/about/columbia-partnership Partnership with Columbia]. Retrieved November 10, 2012. [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:Barnard College|Barnard College]] sxssk7xkttyuno0eogmoek9zp9mzedr 0 58346 1590439 1546566 2026-07-12T16:23:44Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{قیسا آچیقلاما|Intentional act of causing one's own death}} {{About||قارشیسینین آلینماسی حاقیندا معلومات|اینتیحارین قارشیسینین آلینماسی||اینتیحار (دقیقلشدیرمه)}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = اینتیحار | image = Édouard Manet - Le Suicidé (ca. 1877).jpg | caption = ''[[Le Suicidé]]'' by [[Édouard Manet]] | field = [[سایکیاتری]], [[clinical psychology]], [[clinical social work]] | symptoms = | complications = | onset = ۱۵-۳۰ و ۷۰+ یاش<ref name=WHO2014Pre>{{cite book|title=Preventing suicide: a global imperative|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=978-92-4-156477-9| pages=7, 20, 40}}</ref> | duration = | causes = <!--NOTE: This is left blank, per talk page consensus, because the causes are so varied and some suspected causes aren't a settled matter. If wanting to challenge this, please make your case on the talk page first and ask for thoughts on the matter.--> | risks = [[بویوک دپرسلیک پوزغونلوق|دپرسلیک]]، [[بایپولار پوزغونلوق]], [[اوتیسم]]، [[ایسکیزوفرنی]]، [[شخصیت پوزغونلوق]]لار، [[ناراحاتلیق پوزوقلوق]]لار، [[الکولیزم]]، [[ماده‌دن سوی-ایستیفاده ]]<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=Hawton2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawton K, van Heeringen K | s2cid = 208790312 | title = Suicide | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-18-24-2009_373_9672/page/1372 | journal = Lancet | volume = 373 | issue = 9672 | pages = 1372–81 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19376453 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = De La Vega D, Giner L, Courtet P| s2cid = 4549236 | title = Suicidality in Subjects With Anxiety or Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Recent Advances | journal = Current Psychiatry Reports | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | page = 26 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29594718 | doi = 10.1007/s11920-018-0885-z }}</ref><ref name=Autism2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Richa S, Fahed M, Khoury E, Mishara B | s2cid = 25741716 | title = Suicide in autism spectrum disorders | journal = Archives of Suicide Research | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–39 | date = 2014 | pmid = 24713024 | doi = 10.1080/13811118.2013.824834 }}</ref> | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = Limiting access to methods of suicide, treating mental disorders and substance misuse, careful [[Mass media|media]] reporting about suicide, improving social and economic conditions<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite web|title=Suicide Fact sheet N°398|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/|website=WHO|access-date=3 March 2016|date=April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192347/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = ایلده ۱۰۰٬۰۰۰-ه ۱۲<ref name=Var2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Värnik P | title = Suicide in the world | journal = International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 760–71 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22690161 | pmc = 3367275 | doi = 10.3390/ijerph9030760 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | deaths = ۷۹۳٬۰۰۰ / اؤلوملرین ۱.۵٪-ی (۲۰۱۶)<ref name=WHO2019Epi>{{cite web | title=Suicide across the world (2016) | website=World Health Organization | date=27 September 2019 | url=https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ | archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040701084208/http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 July 2004 | access-date=16 October 2019 }}</ref><ref name=NEJM2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fazel S, Runeson B |s2cid=210332277 |title=Suicide |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=January 2020 |volume=382 |issue=3 |pages=266–74 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1902944|pmid=31940700 |pmc=7116087 }}</ref> | alt = }} '''اینتیحار''' (انتحار) یا '''اؤز جانینا قصد''' یا دا '''اؤزونو اؤلدورمه''' - قصداً اؤزونون [[اؤلوم]]ونه سبب اوْلان حرکتدیر. ریسک فاکتورلاردان ، دپرسیف ایختیلالی، ایکی قۇطبلو پوْزونتو، شیزوفرنی، شخصیت پوْزغونلوغو کیمی [[روح|رۇحی]] ناسازلیقلار دا عایددیر. اینتیحار مالی چَتینلیکلردن، مۆناسیبتلر ایله باغلی چَتینلیکلردن و یا ظۇلمدان یارانا بیلر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} == چوخ اوخو == {{Library resources box}} *{{cite book | vauthors = Gambotto A |title=The Eclipse: A Memoir of Suicide |publisher=Broken Ankle Books |location=Australia |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-9751075-1-5 |title-link=The Eclipse: A Memoir of Suicide}} * {{cite book|title=Suicide in Nazi Germany | vauthors = Goeschel C |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-953256-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIjccRg7_UYC&pg=PA5 }} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == {{Medical resources| ICD10 = {{ICD10|X60-X84}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|E950}} | DiseasesDB=12641 | MedlinePlus = 001554 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 288598 | MeshName = Suicide | MeshNumber = F01.145.126.980.875 }} * {{Curlie|Health/Mental_Health/Disorders/Suicide}} * {{cite book|title=Preventing suicide: a global imperative.|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=978-92-4-156477-9|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/131056/9789241564779_eng.pdf?sequence=1}} * [[Freakonomics]] [[podcast]]: [http://freakonomics.com/podcast/new-freakonomics-radio-podcast-the-suicide-paradox/ The Suicide Paradox] <!-- *********************** ({{داها باغلانتیلار یوْخدور}}) *************************** * بو مقاله‌یه داها چوْخ باغلانتی علاوه ائدرکن دیقّتلی اوْلون. ویکی‌پدیا * * کئچیدلر توپلوسو دئییل و اوْندان تبلیغ اۆچون ایستیفاده ائدیلممه‌لیدیر. * * * * Excessive or inappropriate links Will-Be-Deleted. * * See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. * * * * If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or * * replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link * * to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) * * and link back to that category using the {{Curlie}} template. * ********************** ({{No More Links}}) ****************************--> {{Suicide navbox}} {{Sister bar|display=اینتیحار}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:اینتیحار| ]] [[بؤلمه:اؤلوم سببلری]] [[Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate (full)]] [[Category:Wikipedia neurology articles ready to translate]] be8fdkimc310rotuhzi5y1kq02ko22y 0 70183 1590514 1479414 2026-07-12T18:29:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 457784738 | IUPAC_name = 4-chloro-'''N'''-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)benzamide | image = Moclobemide.svg | width = 250 | image2 = Moclobemide3Dan.gif | width2 = 225 <!--Clinical data--> | tradename = Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil, Manerix | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|CONS|moclobemide}} | pregnancy_AU = B3 | legal_AU = S4 | legal_CA = Rx-only | legal_UK = POM | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = oral <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = 55-95% (increases with repeat administration)<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fitton|first=A|author2=Faulds, D |author3=Goa, KL |title=Moclobemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depressive illness|journal=Drugs|date=April 1992|volume=43|issue=4|pages=561–596|pmid=1377119|doi=10.2165/00003495-199243040-00009}}</ref><ref name = Lancet/> | protein_bound = 50%<ref name = Lancet/><ref name = MAOA>{{cite journal|last=Schoerlin|first=MP|author2=Mayersohn, M |author3=Korn, A |author4= Eggers, H |title=Disposition kinetics of moclobemide, a monoamine oxidase-A enzyme inhibitor: single and multiple dosing in normal subjects|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics_1987-10_42_4/page/395|journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics|date=October 1987|volume=42|issue=4|pages=395–404|pmid=3665338}}</ref> | metabolism = [[قاراجییر]]<ref name="pmid2248086"/><ref name="pmid2248087" /> | elimination_half-life = 1-2 hours,<ref name="pmid2248087" /> 4 hours (elderly)<ref name = Lancet>{{cite journal|last=Freeman|first=H|date=December 1993|title=Moclobemide|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-18-25-1993_342_8886-8887/page/1528|journal=Lancet|volume=342|issue=8886-8887|pages=1528–1532|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)80090-X|pmid=7902906}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gex-Fabry|first=M|author2=Balant-Gorgia, AE |author3=Balant, LP |title=Potential of concentration monitoring data for a short half-life drug: analysis of pharmacokinetic variability for moclobemide|journal=Therapeutic Drug Monitoring|date=February 1995|volume=17|issue=1|pages=39–46|pmid=7725375|doi=10.1097/00007691-199502000-00007}}</ref> | excretion = [[کلیه]], [[مدفوع]] (<5%)<ref name = MAOA /> <!--Identifiers--> | IUPHAR_ligand = 7428 | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 71320-77-9 | ATC_prefix = N06 | ATC_suffix = AG02 | PubChem = 4235 | DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB01171 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 4087 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = PJ0Y7AZB63 | KEGG_Ref = {{Keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D02561 | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 83531 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 86304 <!--Chemical data--> | C=13 | H=17 | Cl=1 | N=2 | O=2 | molecular_weight = 268.739 g/mol | smiles = Clc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)NCCN2CCOCC2 | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C13H17ClN2O2/c14-12-3-1-11(2-4-12)13(17)15-5-6-16-7-9-18-10-8-16/h1-4H,5-10H2,(H,15,17) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = YHXISWVBGDMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N }} '''موکلوبماید''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: 4-chloro-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)benzamide, {{Lang-en|Moclobemide}}, {{Lang-zh|吗氯贝胺}}، {{Lang-ar|موكلوبيميد}}، {{Lang-ru|Моклобемид}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۲۶۸٫۷۳۹ دیر. نیمه عمر یا [[یاریلانما سۆرعتی]] ۱-۲, ساعات زامان آپاریر. [[متابولیسم|متابولیسمی]] [[قاراجییر]]ده باش وئریر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Moclobemide | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] gorpdchtbos8630c2m15db9n92ad4f3 0 70204 1590451 1479406 2026-07-12T16:54:19Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 476993112 | IUPAC_name = ('''RS''')-[5-ethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(pentan-2-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanide sodium | image = Sodium thiopental.svg | width = 113 | chirality = [[مخلوط راسمیک]] | image2 = Sodium-thiopental-3D-vdW-2.png <!--Clinical data--> | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|monograph|thiopental-sodium}} | pregnancy_AU = D | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = S4 | legal_CA = Schedule IV | legal_US = Schedule III | routes_of_administration = Intravenous (most common), oral or rectal <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = 5.5<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Russo H, Brès J, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B |title=Pharmacokinetics of thiopental after single and multiple intravenous doses in critical care patients |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. |volume=49 |issue=1–2 |pages=127–37 |year=1995 |pmid=8751034 |doi= 10.1007/BF00192371|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_european-journal-of-clinical-pharmacology_1995-11_49_1-2/page/127}}</ref>-26 hours<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ |title=Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section |journal=Anesthesiology |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=474–80 |date=June 1981 |pmid=7235275 |doi= 10.1097/00000542-198106000-00006|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_anesthesiology_1981-06_54_6/page/474}}</ref> | excretion = <!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|CAS}} | CAS_number = 71-73-8 | CAS_supplemental = (sodium salt)<br/>76-75-5 (free acid) <!-- Also CAS verified --> | ATC_prefix = N01 | ATC_suffix = AF03 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N05|CA19}} | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 9561 | PubChem = 3000714 | DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00599 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 2272257 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 49Y44QZL70 | KEGG_Ref = {{Keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D00714 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 738 <!--Chemical data--> | C=11 | H=17 | N=2 | Na=1 | O=2 | S=1 | molecular_weight = 264.32 g/mol | smiles = [Na+].O=C1NC(=S)/N=C(/[O-])C1(C(C)CCC)CC | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C11H18N2O2S.Na/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15;/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16);/q;+1/p-1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = AWLILQARPMWUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M }} '''تیوپنتال سدیم''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: (RS)-[5-ethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(pentan-2-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanide sodium, {{Lang-en|Sodium thiopental}}, {{Lang-zh|硫噴妥鈉}}، {{Lang-ar|ثيوبنتال الصوديوم}}، {{Lang-ru|Тиопентал натрия}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۲۶۴٫۳۲ دیر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Sodium thiopental | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{General anesthetics}} {{GABAA receptor positive modulators}} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] j4otnd73i4rhhkxpg2u9nkesxw63pmz 0 70301 1590468 1145570 2026-07-12T17:19:17Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | verifiedrevid = 461774177 | IUPAC_name = (±)-2-(2-<nowiki/>{4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)ethanol | image = Hydroxyzine.svg | width = 250px | image2 = Hydroxyzine-3d-sticks.png | width2 = 250px <!--Clinical data--> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|h|aɪ|ˈ|d|r|ɒ|k|s|ᵻ|z|iː|n}} | tradename = Atarax, Vistaril, others | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|monograph|hydroxyzine-hydrochloride}} | MedlinePlus = a682866 | pregnancy_AU = A | pregnancy_US = C | legal_AU = S4 | legal_status = Rx-only | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[تزریق ماهیچه‌ای]] <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = High | protein_bound = 93% | metabolism = [[قاراجییر]] | metabolites = [[ستیریزین]], others | elimination_half-life = Adults: 20.0 hours<ref name="pmid2866055" /><ref name="pmid6141198">{{cite journal |vauthors=Simons FE, Simons KJ, Frith EM | title = The pharmacokinetics and antihistaminic of the H1 receptor antagonist hydroxyzine | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 Pt 1 | pages = 69–75 |date=January 1984 | pmid = 6141198 | doi = 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90486-x| url =https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-allergy-and-clinical-immunology_1984-01_73_1/page/69}}</ref><br />Children: 7.1 hours<ref name="pmid2866055" /> | excretion = [[ادرار]], [[مدفوع]] <!--Identifiers--> | IUPHAR_ligand = 7199 | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 68-88-2 | CAS_supplemental = <br />2192-20-3 ([[hydrochloride|dihydrochloride]])<br />10246-75-0 ([[اسید پاموئیک]]) | ATC_prefix = N05 | ATC_suffix = BB01 | PubChem = 3658 | DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00557 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 3531 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 30S50YM8OG | KEGG_Ref = {{Keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D08054 | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 5818 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 896 | synonyms = UCB-4492 <!--Chemical data--> | C=21 | H=27 | Cl=1 | N=2 | O=2 | molecular_weight = 374.904 g/mol | SMILES = Clc1ccc(cc1)C(c2ccccc2)N3CCN(CC3)CCOCCO | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C21H27ClN2O2/c22-20-8-6-19(7-9-20)21(18-4-2-1-3-5-18)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-16-26-17-15-25/h1-9,21,25H,10-17H2 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N }} '''هیدروکسی‌زین''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: (±)-۲-(۲-، {{Lang-en|Hydroxyzine}}, {{Lang-zh|羟嗪}}، {{Lang-ru|Гидроксизин}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۳۷۴٫۹۰۴ دیر. [[متابولیسم|متابولیسمی]] [[قاراجییر]]ده باش وئریر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Hydroxyzine | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{Serotonin receptor modulators}} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] [[بؤلمه:5-HT2A antagonists]] [[بؤلمه:Primary alcohols]] [[بؤلمه:Alpha-1 blockers]] [[بؤلمه:Antiemetics]] [[بؤلمه:Anxiolytics]] [[بؤلمه:Belgian inventions]] [[بؤلمه:D2 antagonists]] [[بؤلمه:Ethers]] [[بؤلمه:H1 receptor antagonists]] [[بؤلمه:Chlorcyclizines]] [[بؤلمه:Sedatives]] [[بؤلمه:Serotonin antagonists]] [[بؤلمه:RTT]] czx3byrrv3poui8d0tc4mkoyoo0zk41 0 70321 1590490 1528152 2026-07-12T17:54:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 413890988 | IUPAC_name = 1-Benzylpiperazine | image = Benzylpiperazine.svg | image2 = Benzylpiperazine-3D-balls.png <!--Clinical data--> | tradename = | legal_DE = Anlage II | legal_CA = Schedule III | legal_CA_comment = <ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act : Legislative history · Schedule III · Sections 2 to 32: Methylphenidate to BZP and TFMPP. Isomer Design. . URL:http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/schedule.php?schedule=3§ion=2&structure=C{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Accessed: 2012-11-24. (Archived by WebCite® at https://web.archive.org/web/20121001222510/http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/schedule.php?schedule=3&section=2&structure=C Amending Schedule III to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (BZP and TFMPP). Canada Gazette. . URL:http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2012/2012-04-11/html/sor-dors66-eng.html. Accessed: 2012-11-24. (Archived by WebCite® at)</ref> | legal_UK = POM | legal_AU = Schedule 9 | legal_US = Schedule I | legal_NZ = Class C | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Oral, intravenous, insufflation <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = Unknown | metabolism = [[قاراجییر]] | elimination_half-life = 5.5 Hours<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Antia U, Lee HS, Kydd RR, Tingle MD, Russell BR | title = Pharmacokinetics of 'party pill' drug N-benzylpiperazine (BZP) in healthy human participants |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_forensic-science-international_2009-04-15_186_1-3/page/63 | journal = [[Forensic Sci. Int.]] | volume = 186 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 63–7 |date=April 2009 | pmid = 19261399 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.015}}</ref> | excretion = [[کلیه]] <!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 2759-28-6 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 3UG152ZU0E | ATC_prefix = none | PubChem = 75994 | DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 68493 | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 83537 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 113600 <!--Chemical data--> | C=11 | H=16 | N=2 | molecular_weight = 176.258 g/mol | smiles = C1(CN2CCNCC2)=CC=CC=C1 | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C11H16N2/c1-2-4-11(5-3-1)10-13-8-6-12-7-9-13/h1-5,12H,6-10H2 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = IQXXEPZFOOTTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N }} '''بنزیل پپپرازین''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: 1-Benzylpiperazine, {{Lang-en|Benzylpiperazine}}, {{Lang-ru|Бензилпиперазин}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۱۷۶٫۲۵۸ دیر. نیمه عمر یا [[یاریلانما سۆرعتی]] ۵٫۵ ساعات زامان آپاریر. [[متابولیسم|متابولیسمی]] [[قاراجییر]]ده باش وئریر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Benzylpiperazine | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{Serotonin receptor modulators}} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] hjdn110ho3g4z9ksu0nwqzjaix8iqml 0 70505 1590453 637854 2026-07-12T16:56:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | tradename = Rapamune | synonyms = Rapamycin | verifiedrevid = 732542693 | IUPAC_name = (1'''R''',9'''S''',12'''S''',15'''R''',16'''E''',18'''R''',19'''R''',21'''R''',23'''S''',24'''E''',26'''E''',28'''E''',<br />30'''S''',32'''S''',35'''R''')-1,18-dihydroxy-12-{(2'''R''')-1-[(1'''S''',3'''R''',<br />4'''R''')-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-2-propanyl}-<br />19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-<br />11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.0~4,9~]hexatria<br />conta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone | image = Sirolimus structure.svg | width = 250 | image2 = Sirolimus-from-1C9H-3D-sticks.png | width2 = 250 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10482078 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = W36ZG6FT64 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 9168 | smiles = O[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C[C@H]1OC)C[C@@H](C)[C@@H]4CC(=O)[C@H](C)/C=C(\C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)\C=C\C=C\C=C(/C)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](C)[C@@](O)(O2)C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O4 | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C51H79NO13/c1-30-16-12-11-13-17-31(2)42(61-8)28-38-21-19-36(7)51(60,65-38)48(57)49(58)52-23-15-14-18-39(52)50(59)64-43(33(4)26-37-20-22-40(53)44(27-37)62-9)29-41(54)32(3)25-35(6)46(56)47(63-10)45(55)34(5)24-30/h11-13,16-17,25,30,32-34,36-40,42-44,46-47,53,56,60H,14-15,18-24,26-29H2,1-10H3/b13-11+,16-12+,31-17+,35-25+/t30-,32-,33-,34-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,42+,43+,44-,46-,47+,51-/m1/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 53123-88-9 | ATC_prefix = L04 | ATC_suffix = AA10 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|S01|XA23}} | ChEMBL = 413 | PDB_ligand = RAP | PubChem = 5284616 | DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00877 | KEGG_Ref = {{Keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D00753 | C=51 | H=79 | N=1 | O=13 | molecular_weight = 914.172 g/mol | bioavailability = 14% (oral solution), lower with high-fat meals; 18% (tablet), higher with high-fat meals<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Buck|first1=Marcia L. | name-list-format = vanc |title=Immunosuppression With Sirolimus After Solid Organ Transplantation in Children|journal=Pediatric Pharmacotherapy|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/524753_4}}</ref> | protein_bound = 92% | metabolism = Hepatic | elimination_half-life = 57–63 hours<ref name="Pubchem Rapamycin" /> | licence_EU = yes | licence_US = Sirolimus | pregnancy_AU = C | pregnancy_US = C | legal_US = Rx-only | routes_of_administration = Oral | excretion = Mostly faecal | solubility = 0.0026 <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Simamora P, Alvarez JM, Yalkowsky SH | title = Solubilization of rapamycin | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-pharmaceutics_2001-02-01_213_1-2/page/25 | journal = International Journal of Pharmaceutics | volume = 213 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 25–9 | date = February 2001 | pmid = 11165091 | doi = 10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00617-7 }}</ref> }} '''سیرولیموس''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,, {{Lang-en|Sirolimus}}, {{Lang-zh|雷帕霉素}}، {{Lang-ar|سيروليموس}}، {{Lang-ru|Сиролимус}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۹۱۴٫۱۷۲ دیر. نیمه عمر یا [[یاریلانما سۆرعتی]] ۵۷–۶۳ ساعات زامان آپاریر. [[متابولیسم|متابولیسمی]] [[قاراجییر]]ده باش وئریر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Sirolimus | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] 3yg0agaubi1rqi8vlzxzxl8iha1ekf5 0 70633 1590516 1145547 2026-07-12T18:33:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug |Verifiedfields = changed |Watchedfields = changed |verifiedrevid = 464387972 |IUPAC_name = (–)-('''S''')-3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (1'''R''',2'''R''',4'''S''',7'''S''',9'''S''')-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^2,4]non-7-yl ester |image = L-Scopolamin.svg |width = 200 |image2 = Scopolamine structure.png <!--Clinical data--> |tradename = Transdermscop, Kwells, others |synonyms = hyoscine hydrobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide |Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|monograph|scopolamine}} |pregnancy_AU = B2 |pregnancy_US = C |legal_AU = S2 |legal_CA = Rx-only |legal_UK = POM and OTC |legal_US = Rx-only |routes_of_administration = by mouth, skin patch, eye drops, subcutaneous, intravenous, sublingual, rectal, buccal transmucousal, intramuscular <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |bioavailability = |protein_bound = |metabolism = [[قاراجییر]] |excretion = [[کلیه]] |elimination_half-life = 4.5 hours<ref name="pmid2762223">{{cite journal |author1=Putcha, L. |author2=Cintrón, N. M. |author3=Tsui, J. |author4=Vanderploeg, J. M. |author5=Kramer, W. G. |title = Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Scopolamine in Normal Subjects |journal = Pharmacology Research |volume = 6 |issue = 6 |pages = 481–485 |year = 1989 |pmid = 2762223 |doi = 10.1023/A:1015916423156 |url =https://archive.org/details/sim_pharmaceutical-research_1989-06_6_6/page/481}}</ref> <!--Identifiers--> |CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} |CAS_number = 51-34-3 |ATC_prefix = A04 |ATC_suffix = AD01 |ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N05|CM05}}, {{ATC|S01|FA02}} |ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} |ChEBI = 16794 |PubChem = 5184 |IUPHAR_ligand = 330 |DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |DrugBank = DB00747 |ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |ChemSpiderID = 10194106 |UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} |UNII = DL48G20X8X |KEGG_Ref = {{Keggcite|correct|kegg}} |KEGG = D00138 |ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|changed|EBI}} |ChEMBL = 1201024 <!-- Chemical data --> |C=17 |H=21 |N=1 |O=4 |molecular_weight = 303.353 g/mol |smiles = OC[C@H](c1ccccc1)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3N(C)[C@@H](C2)[C@@H]4O[C@H]34 |StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChI = 1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1 |StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChIKey = STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N }} '''هیوسین''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: (–)-(S)-3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (1R,2R,4S,7S,9S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0، {{Lang-en|Hyoscine}}, {{Lang-zh|東莨菪鹼}}، {{Lang-ar|هيوسين}}، {{Lang-ru|Скополамин}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۳۰۳٫۳۵۳ دیر. [[متابولیسم|متابولیسمی]] [[قاراجییر]]ده باش وئریر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Hyoscine | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] [[بؤلمه:Deliriants]] [[بؤلمه:Entheogens]] [[بؤلمه:Epoxides]] [[بؤلمه:Muscarinic antagonists]] [[بؤلمه:Tropane alkaloids]] [[بؤلمه:Plant toxins]] [[بؤلمه:Tropane alkaloids found in Solanaceae]] [[بؤلمه:Propionates]] [[بؤلمه:Motion sickness]] [[بؤلمه:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[بؤلمه:RTT]] 2hl7dygqzopt9uh219proi677b3ylr3 0 70677 1590437 671339 2026-07-12T16:15:18Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464199592 | IUPAC_name = Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate | USAN = Meperidine | image = Pethidine2DACS.svg | width = 120px | image2 = Pethidine-PM3-based-on-xtal-1974-3D-balls.png | width2 = 200px <!--Clinical data--> | tradename = Demerol | pregnancy_AU = C | pregnancy_US = C | legal_AU = S8 | legal_CA = Schedule I | legal_DE = Anlage III | legal_NZ = Class B | legal_UK = Class A | legal_US = Schedule II | legal_UN = N I | dependency_liability = High | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[تزریق وریدی]], [[تزریق ماهیچه‌ای]], [[intrathecal|IT]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ngan Kee|first1=WD|title=Intrathecal pethidine: pharmacology and clinical applications.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_anaesthesia-and-intensive-care_1998-04_26_2/page/n12|journal=Anaesthesia and Intensive Care|date=April 1998|volume=26|issue=2|pages=137–46|pmid=9564390}}</ref> [[تزریق زیرجلدی]], [[اپیدورال]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ngan Kee|first1=WD|title=Epidural pethidine: pharmacology and clinical experience.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_anaesthesia-and-intensive-care_1998-06_26_3/page/n12|journal=Anaesthesia and Intensive Care|date=June 1998|volume=26|issue=3|pages=247–55|pmid=9619217}}</ref> <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = 50–60% (Oral), 80–90% (Oral, in cases of hepatic impairment) | protein_bound = 65–75% | metabolism = [[قاراجییر]] | elimination_half-life = 2.5–4 hours, 7–11 hours (liver disease) | excretion = Renal <!--Identifiers--> | IUPHAR_ligand = 7221 | ATC_prefix = N02 | ATC_suffix = AB02 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 607 | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 57-42-1 | PubChem = 4058 | DrugBank_Ref = {{Drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00454 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | ChemSpiderID = 3918 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 9E338QE28F | KEGG_Ref = {{Keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D08343 <!--Chemical data--> | C=15 | H=21 | N=1 | O=2 | molecular_weight = 247.33g/mol | smiles = O=C(C1(CCN(CC1)C)C2=CC=CC=C2)OCC | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C15H21NO2/c1-3-18-14(17)15(9-11-16(2)12-10-15)13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-8H,3,9-12H2,1-2H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N }} '''پتیدین''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate, {{Lang-en|Pethidine}}, {{Lang-zh|哌替啶}}، {{Lang-ar|بيثيدين}}، {{Lang-ru|Петидин}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۲۴۷٫۳۳ دیر. [[متابولیسم|متابولیسمی]] [[قاراجییر]]ده باش وئریر. پتیدین [[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد اۆچون ایستیفاده اوْلونور. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Pethidine | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آغری کسیجی}} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] 67fv0dd9zqbsbik0it5palexy5wdk1r 0 71044 1590466 1567357 2026-07-12T17:16:31Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 408985899 | IUPAC_name = ('''RS''')-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)phenol | image = Octopamin.svg | image2 = (S)-Octopamine molecule ball.png | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the octopamine molecule | chirality = [[مخلوط راسمیک]] | drug_name = Octopamine <!--Clinical data--> | tradename = | pregnancy_category = | legal_status = Rx / Uncontrolled / Banned by [[سازمان جهانی مبارزه با دوپینگ]] | routes_of_administration = Oral <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = 99.42 % | metabolism = '''p'''-hydroxymandelic acid (if '''p'''-octopamine) or '''m'''-hydroxymandelic acid (if '''m'''-octopamine<ref name=pmid4277715>{{cite journal |pmid=4277715 |year=1974 |author1=Hengstmann |first1=J. H. |title=The physiological disposition of p-octopamine in man |url=https://archive.org/details/naunyn-schmiedebergs-archives-of-pharmacology_1974_283_1/page/93 |journal=Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology |volume=283 |issue=1 |pages=93–106 |last2=Konen |first2=W |last3=Konen |first3=C |last4=Eichelbaum |first4=M |last5=Dengler |first5=H. J. |doi=10.1007/bf00500148}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.025 |pmid=20026245 |title=Trace amine metabolism in Parkinson's disease: Low circulating levels of octopamine in early disease stages |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neuroscience-letters_2010-01-29_469_3/page/n71 |journal=Neuroscience Letters |volume=469 |issue=3 |pages=348–51 |year=2010 |last1=d’Andrea |first1=Giovanni |last2=Nordera |first2=Gianpietro |last3=Pizzolato |first3=Gilberto |last4=Bolner |first4=Andrea |last5=Colavito |first5=Davide |last6=Flaibani |first6=Raffaella |last7=Leon |first7=Alberta }}</ref> | elimination_half-life = 15 minutes in insects. Between 76 and 175 minutes in humans | excretion = Up to 93% of ingested octopamine is eliminated via the urinary route within 24 hours<ref name=pmid4277715/> <!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 104-14-3 | ATC_prefix = C01 | ATC_suffix = CA18 | PubChem = 4581 | IUPHAR_ligand = 2149 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 4420 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 14O50WS8JD | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 17134 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 53929 <!--Chemical data--> | C=8 | H=11 | N=1 | O=2 | molecular_weight = 153.178 g/mol | smiles = OC(c1ccc(O)cc1)CN | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N | synonyms = Norsympathol, Norsynephrine, para-Octopamine, beta-Hydroxytyramine, para-hydroxy-phenyl-ethanolamine }} '''اکتاپامین''' ([[آیوپاک آدی]]: (RS)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)phenol, {{Lang-en|Octopamine (drug)}}) بیر [[بیلشیک|شیمیایی بیلشیک]] [[دواء]]. بۇ [[دواء|دواءنین]] [[مول جرمی|مول جرمیسی]] مول/قرم ۱۵۳٫۱۷۸ دیر. == بیرده باخ == *[[دواء شیرکت‌لرین لیستی]] *[[بیوفارماسی]] *[[دواء کیرلیلیغی]] *[[اؤن دواء]] *[[فارماکولوژی]] *[[کپسول (دواء)]] *[[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌]] *[[آنتی سایکوتیک‌]] یا ضد روان پریشی *[[آغری کسیجی]] یا ضد درد *[[آنتی‌دپرسان]] یا ضد افسردگی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} *اینگلیسیجه ویکی پدیا == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Octopamine (drug) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:دواء]] el4l7r50flncspgif8dr7mmdv6ug25i 0 107943 1590487 1568374 2026-07-12T17:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شخص بیلگی قوتوسو |آد=دان جانسون |شکیل=دان جانسون |شکیل آدی=Don Johnson-1.jpg |شکلین اولچوسو =260 |آیری آدلار = |قیسا بیلگی =[[موغنی]], فیلمین سناریو یازاری, [[فیلم یؤنئتمنی]], [[فیلم یاپیمجی‌سی]] و [[اوْیونچو]]. |میللیت=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |تحصیل = |دوْغوم تاریخ ={{birth date and age|1949|12|15}} |دوْغوم یئر =[[Flat Creek, Missouri]], آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری |اؤلوم تاریخ = |اؤلوم یئر = |مزارلیقی= |اؤلوم سببی= |حیات یوْلداشی= Spouse 1 (m. 1968; annulled) [[پتی دی آبانویلی]] (1981–1985) |اۇشاقلاری= |ایمضا= | وب‌سایت = }} '''دان جانسون''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Don Johnson) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[موغنی]], فیلمین سناریو یازاری, [[فیلم یؤنئتمنی]], [[فیلم یاپیمجی‌سی]] و [[اوْیونچو]]. [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکادا]] دۆنیایا گؤز آچیب. 1969–گۆنوموز ایللر آراسیندا سینما ساحه‌سینده چالیشیب. == اوْینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#bcbcbc;"| Year ! style="background:#bcbcbc;"| Result ! style="background:#bcbcbc;"| Award ! style="background:#bcbcbc;"| Category ! style="background:#bcbcbc;"| TV/Film |- | 1975 || '''Winner''' || [[Saturn Award]] || [[Saturn Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/factsheets/awardsdb/env-awards-db-search,0,7169155.htmlstory?searchtype=all&query=Don+Johnson |title=Awards Database: Don Johnson |accessdate=2008-01-09 |work=The Envelope: The Awards Insider |publisher=LA Times}}</ref> || ''[[A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)|A Boy and His Dog]]'' |- | 1985 || '''Nominated''' || [[Emmy Award]]s || [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series|Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series]]<ref name=emmys>{{cite web |url=http://www.emmys.tv/awards/awardsearch.php |title=Advanced Primetime Awards Search |accessdate=2007-11-03 |publisher=www.emmys.tv |work=Academy of Television Arts and Science |archivedate=2009-11-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103221231/http://www.emmys.tv/awards/awardsearch.php }}</ref> || rowspan="3"| ''[[Miami Vice]]'' |- | 1986 || '''Winner''' || rowspan="2"| [[Golden Globe Award]]s || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama|Best Performance by an Actor In A Television Series - Drama]]<ref name=golden>{{cite web|url=http://www1.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/24549 |title=Miami Vice |work=Hollywood Foreign Press Association/Golden Globes |publisher=www.hfpa.org |accessdate=2007-11-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215132811/http://www1.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/24549 |archivedate=February 15, 2008 |df= }}</ref> |- | 1987 || '''Nominated''' || Best Performance by an Actor In A Television Series - Drama<ref name=golden/> |- | 1988 || '''Won''' || APBA Offshore World Cup || Superboat class<ref>{{cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Jack |author2=Cindy Dampier |date=May 28, 1990 |title=With Kurt Russell and Chuck Norris in Tow, Don Johnson Risks His Neck on a New Miami Vice—superboat Racing |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_people_1990-05-28_33_21/page/n110 |journal=[[People (magazine)|People]] |pages=101–102 |issue=21 |volume=33}}</ref> || |- | 1996 || '''Awarded''' || [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] || Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<ref name=hollywoodstar/> || |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:50px;"| Year ! style="width:250px;"| Title ! style="width:150px;"| Role ! class="unsortable"| نوت |- | 1970 || ''[[The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart]]'' || Stanley Sweetheart || |- | 1971 || ''[[Zachariah (film)|Zachariah]]'' || Matthew || |- | 1973 || ''{{sortname|The|Harrad Experiment}}'' || Stanley Cole || |- | 1974 || ''Lollipops, Roses and Talangka'' || Franky || 1st Filipino movie |- | 1975 || ''[[A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)|A Boy and His Dog]]'' || Vic || |- | 1975 || ''[[Return to Macon County]]'' || Harley McKay || |- | 1978 || ''[[Swan Lake (1981 film)|Swan Lake]]'' || Benno (voice) || English version |- | 1981 || ''Soggy Bottom, U.S.A.'' || Jacob Gorch || |- | 1982 || ''[[Melanie (film)|Melanie]]'' || Carl || |- | 1982 || ''[[Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp (1982 film)|Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp]]'' || Wazir's Son (voice) || English version |- | 1985 || ''[[Cease Fire (1985 film)|Cease Fire]]'' || Tim Murphy || |- | 1987 || ''[[G.I. Joe: The Movie]]'' || [[Lt. Falcon|Lieutenant Vincent R. Falcone/Lt. Falcon]] (voice) || |- | 1988 || ''[[Sweet Hearts Dance]]'' || Wiley Boon || |- | 1989 || ''[[Dead Bang]]'' || Jerry Beck || |- | 1990 || ''[[The Hot Spot]]''|| Harry Madox || |- | 1991 || ''[[Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man]]'' || [[The Marlboro Man|Robert Anderson/The Marlboro Man]] || |- | 1991 || ''[[Paradise (1991 film)|Paradise]]'' || Ben Reed || |- | 1993 || ''[[Born Yesterday (1993 film)|Born Yesterday]]'' || Paul Verrall || |- | 1993 || ''[[Guilty as Sin]]'' || David Edgar Greenhill || |- | 1996 || ''[[Tin Cup]]'' || David Simms || |- | 1998 || ''[[Goodbye Lover]]'' || Ben Dunmore || |- | 2007 || ''[[Moondance Alexander]]'' || Dante Longpre || |- | 2007 || ''Bastardi'' || Sante Patene || |- | 2008 || ''[[Lange Flate Ballær 2|Long Flat Balls II]]'' || Admiral Burnett || |- | 2008 || ''[[Torno a vivere da solo]]'' || Nico || |- | 2010 || ''[[When in Rome (2010 film)|When in Rome]]'' || Mr. Martin || Uncredited |- | 2010 || ''[[Machete (2010 film)|Machete]]'' || Lt. Von Jackson || |- | 2011 || ''Four Loko Vineyards'' || [[Four Loko|Mr. Four Loko]] || Online short فیلم |- | 2011 || ''[[A Good Old Fashioned Orgy]]'' || Jerry Keppler || Uncredited |- | 2011 || ''[[Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star]]'' || Miles Deep || |- | 2012 || ''[[Django Unchained]]'' || Spencer "Big Daddy" Bennett || |- | 2014 || ''[[Cold in July (film)|Cold in July]]'' || Jim Bob Luke || |- | 2014 || ''[[The Other Woman (2014 film)|The Other Woman]]'' || Frank Whitten || |- | 2015 || ''[[Alex of Venice]]'' || Roger || |- | 2017 || ''[[Vengeance: A Love Story]]'' || Jay Kirkpatrick || |- | 2017 || ''[[Brawl in Cell Block 99]]'' || Warden Tuggs || |- | 2018 || ''[[Book Club (film)|Book Club]]'' || Arthur || |- | 2018 || ''[[Dragged Across Concrete]]'' ||Lt. G. Calvert || |- | 2018 || ''Vault'' || Gerry || post-production |- | 2019 || ''[[Knives Out (film)|Knives Out]]'' || Morris Bristow || Post-production |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:50px;"| Year ! style="width:250px;"| Title ! style="width:150px;"| Role ! class="unsortable"| نوت |- | 1971 || ''[[Sarge (TV series)|Serge]]'' || Deloy Coopersmith || 1 episode |- | 1972 || ''[[Young Dr. Kildare (TV series)|Young Dr. Kildare]]'' || Ted Thatcher || 1 episode |- | 1972 || ''[[The Bold Ones: The New Doctors]]'' || Ev Howard || 1 episode |- | 1973 || ''[[Kung Fu (TV series)|Kung Fu]]'' || Nashebo || 1 episode |- | 1974 || ''[[The Rookies]]'' || Al Devering || 1 episode |- | 1976 || ''[[The Streets of San Francisco]]'' || Officer Larry Wilson || 1 episode |- | 1976 || ''[[Barnaby Jones]]'' || Wayne Lockwood || 1 episode |- | 1976 || ''Law of the Land'' || Quirt || Television فیلم |- | 1977 || ''[[The City (1977 film)|The City]]'' || Sergeant Brian Scott || Television pilot فیلم |- | 1977 || ''Cover Girls'' || Johnny Wilson || Television فیلم |- | 1977 || ''[[Nashville 99 (TV series)|Nashville 99]]'' || Mike Watling || 1 episode |- | 1977 || ''[[Eight Is Enough]]'' || Doug || 1 episode |- | 1977 || ''[[Big Hawaii]]'' || Gandy || 1 episode |- | 1977 || ''[[Police Story (1973 TV series)|Police Story]]'' || Lee Morgan || 1 episode |- | 1978 || ''[[What Really Happened to the Class of '65?]]'' || Edgar || 1 episode |- | 1978 || ''[[The American Girls (TV series)|The American Girls]]'' || Everett Simms || 1 episode |- | 1978 || ''Pressure Point'' || || Television فیلم |- | 1978 || ''Ski Lift to Death'' || Mike Sloan || Television فیلم |- | 1978 || ''The Two-Five'' || Charlie Morgan || Television فیلم |- | 1978 || ''[[Katie: Portrait of a Centerfold]]'' || Gunther || Television فیلم |- | 1978 || ''[[First, You Cry]]'' || Daniel Easton || Television فیلم |- | 1979 || ''Amateur Night at the Dixie Bar and Grill'' || Cowboy || Television فیلم |- | 1979 || ''[[The Rebels (miniseries)|The Rebels]]'' || Judson Fletcher || Miniseries |- | 1980 || ''Beulah Land'' || Bonard Davis || Miniseries |- | 1980 || ''[[Revenge of the Stepford Wives]]'' || Officer Andy Brady || Television فیلم |- | 1980 || ''[[From Here to Eternity (TV series)|From Here to Eternity]]'' || Private Jefferson "Jeff" Davis Prewitt || 13 episodes |- | 1981 || ''[[Elvis and the Beauty Queen]]'' || [[Elvis Presley]] || Television فیلم |- | 1981 || ''The Two Lives of Carol Letner'' || Bob Howard || Television فیلم |- | 1982 || ''[[Matt Houston]]'' || Terry Spence || 1 episode |- | 1983 || ''[[Six Pack (film)#Television Show|Six Pack]]'' || Brewster Baker || Television pilot فیلم |- | 1984–1989 || ''[[Miami Vice]]'' || [[James "Sonny" Crockett|Detective James "Sonny" Crockett]] || 111 episodes |- | 1985 || ''[[Tales of the Unexpected (TV series)|Tales of the Unexpected]]'' || Reeve Baker || 1 episode |- | 1985 || ''[[The Long Hot Summer (1985 film)|The Long Hot Summer]]'' || Ben Quick || Television فیلم |- | 1988; 2015 || ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' || Himself || 2 episodes |- | 1990 || ''[[...But Seriously|Seriously...Phil Collins]]'' || Himself || Television فیلم |- | 1995 || ''[[In Pursuit of Honor]]'' || Sgt. John Libbey || Television فیلم |- | 1996–2001 || ''[[Nash Bridges]]'' || Inspector/Captain Nash Bridges || 122 episodes<br>Executive producer |- | 2003 || ''[[Word of Honor (2003 film)|Word of Honor]]'' || Lt. Benjamin Tyson || Television film<br>Co-executive producer |- | 2005–2006 || ''[[Just Legal]]'' || Grant H. Cooper|| 8 episodes |- | 2010 || ''[[WWE Raw]]'' || Himself || 1 episode |- | 2010 || ''Southern Discomfort'' || || Television pilot فیلم |- | 2010–2011 || ''[[Glenn Martin, DDS]]'' || Grandpa Whitey (voice) || 4 episodes |- | 2010–2012 || ''[[Eastbound & Down]]'' || Eduardo Sanchez Powers || 5 episodes |- | 2011 || ''A Mann's World'' || Allan Mann || Television pilot فیلم |- | 2014–2015 || ''[[From Dusk till Dawn: The Series]]'' || [[Earl and Edgar McGraw|Sheriff Earl McGraw]] || 5 episodes |- | 2015 || ''[[Blood & Oil]]'' || Hap Briggs || 10 episodes |- | 2016 || ''[[TripTank]]'' || Johnny Bahama (voice) || 1 episode |- | 2017 || ''[[A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)|A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' || [[List of supporting A Series of Unfortunate Events characters#Sir|Sir]] || 2 episodes |- | 2017 || ''[[Sick Note (TV series)|Sick Note]]'' || Kenny West || |- | 2018 || ''[[LA to Vegas]]'' || Jack Silver || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ew.com/tv/2018/01/03/don-johnson-la-to-vegas/|title=Don Johnson to guest on Fox comedy LA to Vegas|date=January 3, 2018 |website=EW.com|accessdate=January 4, 2018|first=Dan|last=Snierson}}</ref> 1 episode |- | 2018 || ''Daddy Issues'' || Roman || television فیلم |- | 2019 || ''[[Watchmen (TV series)]]'' || || main role |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Title ! rowspan="2" style="width:18em;"| Details ! colspan="9"| Peak chart positions |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! style="width:35px;"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=don johnson|chart=Billboard 200}}|title=Don Johnson Album & Song Chart History - Billboard 200|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br><ref name=aut>{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Don+Johnson| title=austriancharts.at - Don Johnson|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[The Official Finnish Charts|FIN]]<br><ref name=fin>{{cite book | first= Timo | last= Pennanen | year= 2006 | title= Sisältää hitin - levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972 | edition= 1st | publisher= Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava | location= Helsinki | isbn= 978-951-1-21053-5 | page= 170}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br><ref name=fra1>{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Album_J.php |title=InfoDisc - Le Détail des Albums de chaque Artste - Sélection de l'Artiste - Choisissez une Lettre: J > Don Johnson |publisher=InfoDisc |accessdate=December 30, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929085627/http://infodisc.fr/Album_J.php |archivedate=September 29, 2010 |df= }}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Media Control Charts|GER]]<br><ref name=ger1>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.de/ersuche.asp?kategorie=chart&interpret_suche=don+johnson&titel_suche=&jahr=&cat=a|title=German Charts (Albums) > Don Johnson|language=German|publisher=charts.de [[Media Control Charts]]|accessdate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[MegaCharts|NL]]<br><ref name=nl>{{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?search=Don+Johnson&cat=a|title=dutchcharts.nl - Dutch charts portal|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br><ref name=nor>{{cite web|url=http://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Don+Johnson|title=norwegiancharts.com - Norwegian charts portal > Don Johnson|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br><ref name=swe>{{cite web|url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Don+Johnson|title=swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal > Don Johnson|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/search.asp?search=Don+Johnson&cat=a|title=The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Heartbeat (Don Johnson album)|Heartbeat]]'' | * Release date: November 11, 1986 * Label: [[Epic Records]] * Formats: [[Compact Disc|CD]], [[Compact Cassette|cassette]], [[LP record|LP]] | 17 | 3 | 5 | — | 3 | 20 | 7 | 34 | 7 |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Let It Roll (Don Johnson album)|Let It Roll]]'' | * Release date: September 20, 1989 * Label: Epic Records * Formats: CD, cassette | — | 23 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 19 | — | 35 | 6 |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:8pt"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! style="width:10em;"| Title ! style="width:18em;"| Details |- ! scope="row"| ''[[The Essential (Don Johnson album)|The Essential]]'' | * Release date: January 20, 1997 * Label: [[Sony Music Entertainment]] * Formats: CD, cassette |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2"| Year ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Single ! colspan="10"| Peak positions ! rowspan="2"| Album |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! style="width:35px;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br><ref name="Prometheus Global Media"/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br><ref name=aut/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[The Official Finnish Charts|FIN]]<br><ref name=fin/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br><ref name="FRA">{{cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/search.asp?search=Don+Johnson&cat=s|title=lescharts.com - French charts portal|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Media Control Charts|GER]]<br><ref name=ger2>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.de/ersuche.asp?kategorie=chart&interpret_suche=don+johnson&titel_suche=&jahr=&cat=s|title=German Charts (Singles) > Don Johnson|language=German|publisher=charts.de [[Media Control Charts]]|accessdate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[MegaCharts|NL]]<br><ref name=nl/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br><ref name=nor/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br><ref name=swe/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/search.asp?search=Don+Johnson&cat=s|title=The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=4701|title=Chart Stats - Don Johnson|publisher=chartstats.com|accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"| 1986 ! scope="row"| "[[Heartbeat (Don Johnson song)|Heartbeat]]" | 5 | 3 | 4 | — | 6 | 10 | 5 | 16 | 6 | 46 | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="3"| ''Heartbeat'' |- ! scope="row"| "Heartache Away" | 56 | 22 | — | — | 31 | 25 | — | — | — | — |- | 1987 ! scope="row"| "Voice on a Hotline" | — | — | — | — | — | 59 | — | — | — | — |- | rowspan="3"| 1989 ! scope="row"| "[[Tell It Like It Is (song)#Don Johnson version|Tell It Like It Is]]" | — | 13 | — | 6 | 2 | 6 | — | — | 6 | 84 | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="3"| ''Let It Roll'' |- ! scope="row"| "Other People's ives" | — | — | — | 46 | 57 | 53 | — | — | — | — |- ! scope="row"| "A Better Place" <small>(with [[Yuri (Mexican singer)|Yuri]])</small> | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:8pt"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2"| Year ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Single ! rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Artist ! colspan="6"| Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2"| Album |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! style="width:35px;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=barbra streisand|chart=all}}|title=Barbra Streisand Album & Song Chart History - Hot 100|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=Don+Johnson&cat=s|title=australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br><ref name="FRA" /> ! style="width:35px;"| [[Media Control Charts|GER]]<br><ref name=ger2/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[MegaCharts|NL]]<br><ref name=nl/> ! style="width:35px;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=5288|title=Chart Stats - Barbra Streisand and Don Johnson|publisher=chartstats.com|accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref> |- | 1988 ! scope="row"| "[[Till I Loved You (song)|Till I Loved You]]" | Don Johnson and [[Barbra Streisand]] | 25 | 34 | 22 | 26 | 4 | 16 | style="text-align:left;"| ''[[Till I Loved You (album)|Till I Loved You]]'' |} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Don Johnson|Don Johnson]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۲ ژانویه ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Don Johnson | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} == گؤرونتولر == <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="320"> File:DemiAshtonDon06.jpg File:Don_Johnson_Cannes.jpg </gallery> [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی کیشی اویونچولار]] dkx97mqouqlnt836oropb9aoivgigpn 0 151006 1590470 1555115 2026-07-12T17:22:33Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Mestizos | image = [[File:Mestiso 1770.jpg|200px]] | caption = <small>A [[casta]] painting of a Spanish man and a Peruvian woman with a Mestizo child, 1770</small> | popplace = [[Latin America]] <br /> [[United States]] <br /> [[Philippines]] <br /> [[Guam]] and [[Northern Mariana Islands]] <br /> [[Aruba]] <br /> | langs = Predominantly [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[English language|English]], [[Indigenous languages of the Americas]], [[Philippine languages]], [[Papiamento]] | rels = Predominantly [[Christianity]] (majority [[Roman Catholic]], [[Protestant]] especially [[Pentecostal]] and [[Evangelical]]), [[Native American religion|Indigenous beliefs]] | related = [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian peoples]] <br /> [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European peoples]] }} '''مستیزو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Mestizo، [[عرب دیلی|عرب‌جه]]: مستيزو، [[فارس دیلی|فارسجا]]: مستیزو) — بیر ائتنیک قوروپودور، چوْخ‌لاری [[فیلیپین]]، [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]]، [[آروبا]]، [[گوام]] و [[قوزئی ماریانا آدالاری]]<nowiki/>ندا یاشاییرلار. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> Image:Casta painting all.jpg|<!--''Las castas''. 18th century, Museo Nacional del Virreinato, [[Tepotzotlán]], Mexico.]] -----------> File:Mestizo.jpg|<!--A representation of a Mestizo, in a ''Pintura de Castas'' from [[New Spain]] during the late colonial period. The painting's caption states "Spanish and Indian produce Mestizo", 1780.]] -----------> File:Gonzalo Guerrero.JPG|<!--A statue of [[Gonzalo Guerrero]], who adopted the Maya way of life and fathered the first Mestizo children of [[Mexico]], but not of the [[Americas]], since the first mestizos were born in the Caribbean, by Spanish men and indigenous Caribbean women.]] -----------> File:Proclama de libertad (indep. Centroamérica).jpg|<!--Painting of the First Independence Movement celebration in '''San Salvador, El Salvador'''. At the center, [[José Matías Delgado]], a Salvadoran priest and doctor known as El Padre de la Patria Salvadoreña (The Father of the Salvadoran Fatherland), alongside his nephew [[Manuel José Arce]], future Salvadoran president of the [[Federal Republic of Central America]].]] -----------> File:Cabrera 15 Coyote.jpg|<!--A Mestizo man and his ''india'' wife, [[New Spain]] 1763, by [[Miguel Cabrera (painter)Miguel Cabrera]].]] -----------> File:Mestizo-Mestiza Peru.jpg|<!--Mestizo-Mestiza, Peru, circa 1770.]] -----------> Image:EastTimor.JoseRamosHorta.01.jpg|<!--[[José Ramos-Horta]], 1996 Nobel Peace Prize winner, former President of [[East Timor]].]] -----------> File:Ronaldo-14-05-2013.jpg|<!--Brazilian footballer [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)Ronaldo]]]] -----------> File:Louis Riel.jpg|<!--[[Louis Riel]], Canadian Métis.]] -----------> </gallery> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{refbegin|30em}} *Ades Queija, Berta. "Mestizos en hábito de indios: Estraegias transgresoras o identidades difusas?" ''Pasar as fronteiras: Actas do II Colóqyui Internacional sobre Mediadores Culturais, séculos XV a XVIII'' (Lagos-Outubro 1997). Ed. Rui Manuel Loureiro and Serge Gruzinski, 122-46. Lagos, Nigeria: Centro de Estudios Gil Eanes 1999. *{{cite book |last1=Batalla |first1=Guillermo |first2=Philip |last2=Dennis |title=Mexico Profundo: Reclaiming A Civilization |url=https://archive.org/details/mexicoprofundore0000bonf |url-access=registration |publisher=Univ of Texas Pr |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-292-70843-3}} *{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=Marc |title=The Limits of Indigenismo in Ecuador |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_latin-american-perspectives_2012-09_39_5/page/45 |journal=Latin American Perspectives |date=September 2012 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=45–62 |doi=10.1177/0094582x12447273 |s2cid=145145902 }} *Bonil Gómez, Katherine. ''Gobierno y calidad en el orden colonial: Las categorías del mestizaje en la provincia de Mariquita en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII''. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes 2011. *Chance, John K. ''Race and Class in Colonial Oaxaca''. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1978. *Cope, R. Douglas. ''The Limits of Racial Domination: Plebeian Society in Col-515.onial Mexico City, 1660-1720''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1994. *{{cite journal |last1=de la Cadena |first1=Marisol |title=Are Mestizos Hybrids? The Conceptual Politics of Andean Identities |journal=Journal of Latin American Studies |date=May 2005 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=259–284 |doi=10.1017/S0022216X05009004 |id={{ProQuest|195913906}} |jstor=3875686 }} *de la Cadena, Marisol. ''Indigenous Mestizos: The Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru 1919-1991''. Durham: Duke University Press 2000. *{{cite book |last=Duno Gottberg |first=Luis |title=Solventando las diferencias: la ideología del mestizaje en Cuba |location=Madrid |publisher=Iberoamericana |year=2003 |isbn=978-84-8489-091-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/solventandolasdi0000duno}} *Fisher, Andrew B. and Matthew O'Hara, eds. ''Imperial Subjects: Race and Identity in Colonial Latin America''. Durham: Duke University Press 2009. *Frederick, Jake. "Without Impediment: Crossing Racial Boundaries in Colonial Mexico." The Americas 67. 4 (2011): 495-515. *Graubart, Karen. "The Creolization of the New World: Local Forms of Identification in Urban Colonial Peru, 1560-1640." ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 89.3 (200(): 472-99. *Gruzinski, Serge. ''The Mestizo Mind: The Intellectual Dynamics of Colonization and Globalization''. Trans. Deke Dusinberre. Longon: Routledge 2002. *Hill, ruth. "Casta as Culture and the ''Sociedad de Castas'' as Literature." ''Interpreting Colonialism''. Ed. Philip Stueward and byron Wells, 231-59. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation 2004. *Katzew, Ilona. ''Casta Painting: Images of Race in Eighteenth-Century Mexico''. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004. *Leibsohn, Dana, and Barbara E. Mundy, "Reckoning with Mestizaje," ''Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America, 1520-1820'' (2015). [https://vistas.ace.fordham.edu/themes/mestizaje-surveying/ http://www.fordham.edu/vistas]. *Lewis, Laura. ''Hall of Mirrors: Power, Witchcraft, and Caste in Colonial Mexico''. Durham: Duke University Press 2003. *Martinez, Maria Elena. "Interrogating Blood Lines: "Purity of Blood," the Inquisition, and ''Casta'' categories." in ''Religion in New Spain''. ed. Susan Schroeder and Stafford Poole, 196-217. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2007. *Mörner, Magnus. ''Race Mixture in the History of Latin America''. Boston: Little, Brown 1967, *Rappaport, Joanne. ''The Disappearing Mestizo: Configuring Difference in the Colonial Kingdom of Granada''. Durham: Duke University Press 2014. {{ISBN|978-0-8223-5636-3}} *{{cite journal |last1=Schwaller |first1=R. C. |title=The Importance of Mestizos and Mulatos as Bilingual Intermediaries in Sixteenth-Century New Spain |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ethnohistory_fall-2012_59_4/page/713 |journal=Ethnohistory |date=1 October 2012 |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=713–738 |doi=10.1215/00141801-1642725 }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080320205224.htm |title=Genetic Study Of Latin Americans Sheds Light On A Troubled History |work=Science Daily}} *Vinson, Ben III. ''Before Mestizaje: The Frontiers of Race and Caste in Colonial Mexico''. New York: Cambridge University Press 2018. *{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=S. |last2=Ray |first2=N. |last3=Rojas |first3=W. |last4=Parra |first4=M. V. |last5=Bedoya |first5=G. |year=2008 |title=Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos |journal=PLOS Genet |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=e1000037 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037 |pmid=18369456 |pmc=2265669 |display-authors=etal}} {{refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{آمبار بؤلمه|Mestizo}} {{آمبار بؤلمه|Casta paintings}} {{Wikiquote}} * [http://www.latinola.com/story.php?story=4614 The 1921 Mexican Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225195322/http://www.latinola.com/story.php?story=4614 |date=2021-02-25 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071023050002/http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/webpages/andean2k/conquest/mestizo.html The Construction and Function of Race: Creating The Mestizo] * {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Mestizo |short=x}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060207065423/http://www.manaus.am.gov.br/secretarias/secretariaMunicipalDeAdministracaoEPlanejamento/servicos/dom/2006/pdf/dom20061397cad1 Copy of the Mestizo Day law - City of Manaus] *[http://www.nacaomestica.org/lei_do_dia_do_mestico_am.JPG Copy of the Mestizo Day law - State of Amazon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224215432/http://www.nacaomestica.org/lei_do_dia_do_mestico_am.JPG |date=2021-02-24 }} *[http://www.imprensaoficial.rr.gov.br/diarios/doe-20071010.pdf Copy of the Mestizo Day law - State of Roraima] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815095643/http://www.imprensaoficial.rr.gov.br/diarios/doe-20071010.pdf |date=2016-08-15 }} *[http://www.paraiba.pb.gov.br/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1245 Copy of the Mestizo Day law - State of Paraíba]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.nacaomestica.org/ Mestizo Nation Movement] *[http://nacaomestica.org/blog4/?p=1603 Legislative Assembly pays tribute to the caboclos and all Mestizos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405192023/https://nacaomestica.org/blog4/?p=1603 |date=2023-04-05 }} {{Mestizos}} {{Hispanics/Latinos}} {{Miscegenation in Spanish colonies}} [[بؤلمه:مستیزو]] [[بؤلمه:آرژانتیندا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:بلیزده یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:بولیویده یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:شیلیده یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:کولومبیادا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:کاستاریکادا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:اکوادوردا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:السالوادوردا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:قواتمالادا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:هندوراسدا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:مکزیکده یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:نیکاراقوئه‌ده یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:پانامادا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:پاراقوئه‌ده یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:پرودا یاشایان خالقلار]] [[بؤلمه:ونزوئلادا یاشایان خالقلار]] 2uc1qzxy9mumlzlndpnf0v4nx0rmus5 0 166584 1590457 660385 2026-07-12T17:07:02Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[نورجهان]] صفحه‌سینی [[نورجهان بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 660385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name = Nur Jahan<br>{{nq|نورجہاں}}|image = nurjahan.jpg|caption = Idealized portrait of the Mughal empress Nur Jahan|birth_name = Mehr-un-Nissa|birth_date = 31 May 1577 |birth_place = [[Kandahar]], [[افغانیستان]]|death_date = {{death date and age|1645|12|17|1577|5|31|df=yes}}|death_place = [[لاهور]], [[پاکیستان]]|consort = yes|spouse = [[Sher Afgan Khan]] (<small>m.</small>1594&ndash;1607)<br/>[[جهانگیرشاه]] (<small>m.</small>1611&ndash;1627)|issue = [[Ladli Begum]]|house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ''(by marriage)''|father = [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg]] |mother = [[Asmat Begam]]|religion = [[ایسلام]]|image_size = 250px|place of burial = [[Tomb of Nur Jahan]], [[لاهور]]}} '''نورجهان''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Nur Jahan) بیر شاهزاده ایدی.ایسلام دینینه اعتیقاد ائتمیشدی. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] 3jxwxvfjmzxkhwdathbwidnst48r7ns 1590473 1590457 2026-07-12T17:30:00Z Stw lt 62830 1590473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name = {{nq|نورجہاں}}|title=پادیشاه خانیم|image = nurjahan.jpg|caption = کرالیچه نورجهان|succession=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign=۲۵ مه ۱۶۱۱ – ۲۸ ژانویه ۱۶۲۸|reign-type=شاه‌لیق|predecessor=[[صالحه بانو بیگم]]|successor=[[ممتاز محل|ممتاز محل بیگم]]|birth_name = مهرالنساء|birth_date = ۳۱ می ۱۵۷۷ |birth_place = [[Kandahar]], [[افغانیستان]]|death_date = {{death date and age|1645|12|17|1577|5|31|df=yes}}|death_place = [[لاهور]], [[پاکیستان]]|consort = yes|spouse = [[شیر افکن خان]] (<small>m.</small>۱۵۹۴&ndash;۱۶۰۷)<br/>[[جهانگیرشاه]] (<small>m.</small>۱۶۱۱&ndash;۱۶۲۷)|issue = [[مهرالنساء بیگم]]|house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ''(by marriage)''|father = [[میرزا غیاس بیگ]] |mother = [[عصمت بیگم]]|religion = [[ایسلام]]|succession1=[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign-type1=شاه‌لیق|reign1=۲۵ مه ۱۶۱۱ – ۲۸ ژانویه ۱۶۲۸|predecessor1=[[صالحه بانو بیگم]]|successor1=[[ممتاز محل|ممتاز محل بیگم]]|image_size = 250px|place of burial = [[Tomb of Nur Jahan]], [[لاهور]]}} '''نورجهان بیگم''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Nur Jahan) [[نورجهان بیگم|نورجهان]]، قاین آناسی [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] کیمی، [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|موغول ایمپراتورلوغونون]] ان گوجلو و تأثیرلی قادین‌لاریندان بیری اولموشدور. [[نورجهان بیگم|نورجهان]]، اؤزو حاکم کیمی ده ایمپراتورلوغو اداره ائتمیشدیر؛ بو دا [[جهانگیرشاه]] دا ن اونا وئردیگی حق و صلاحیت واسطه‌سیله اولموشدور. [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم (مریم‌الزمانی)‌]] دن سونرا، اؤز آدینا سکه ضَرب ائدیلن و سلطنت مهرینه مالیک اولان ایکینجی قادین اولموشدور. [[نورجهان بیگم|نورجهان]] ایسلام دینینه اعتیقاد ائتمیشدی. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] qrk4zp0h1kuavgqk414m44qh4rmjxfl 0 166628 1590509 657164 2026-07-12T18:28:43Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[مومتاز محل]] صفحه‌سینی [[ممتاز محل]]-ه آپاردی 657164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|consort = yes|name = Mumtaz Mahal مُمتاز محَل |title = |image = Portrait of Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Banu Begum).jpg|caption = An artistic depiction of Mumtaz Mahal|succession = [[Empress consort]] of the [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign = 19 January 1628 &ndash; 17 June 1631 |predecessor =[[Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)|Shah Begum]] |birth_name = Arjumand Banu|birth_date = 27 April 1593|birth_place = Agra|death_date = {{death date and age|1631|6|17|1593|4|27|df=yes}}|death_place = [[Burhanpur]], India|spouse = [[شاه جهان]]|issue = [[جهان‌آرا بیگم]]<br>[[Dara Shikoh]]<br>[[Shah Shuja (Mughal)|Shah Shuja]]<br>[[Roshanara Begum]]<br>[[اورنقزیب]]<br>[[Murad Baksh]]<br>[[Gauhara Begum]] | issue-link = #Issue| issue-pipe = among others...|full name =|house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ''(by marriage)''|father = [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]|mother = Diwanji Begum|religion = [[شیعه]]|burial_place = [[Taj Mahal]], Agra0}} '''مومتاز محل''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Mumtaz Mahal) بیر شاهزاده ایدی. ۱۹ ژانویه ۱۶۲۸ ۱۷ ژوئن ۱۶۳۱ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. ایسلامین شیعه مذهبینه اعتیقاد ائتمیشدی. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] 8oj400zdh4vhk95wrkgtgbtea98r4lk 0 167552 1590517 622659 2026-07-12T18:37:31Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[حمیده بانو بیقم]] صفحه‌سینی [[حمیده بانو بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 622659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| type =| consort = yes| name = Hamida Banu Begum<br>حمیدہ بانو بیگم| title =[[Padshah Begum]]| titletext =| more =| image = Hamida Banu Begum, wife of Mughal Emperor Humayun.jpg| caption = Hamida Banu Begum| also known as = | succession1 = | reign1 = | reign-type1 = Tenure| predecessor1 = | successor1 = | succession =[[Empress Consort]] of [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign = | reign-type = Tenure| predecessor = [[Maham Begum]]| successor = [[جودا بای]]| moretext =| coronation =| spouse = [[نصیرالدین همایون]] |issue = [[اکبر شاه]]| father = Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami| mother = Maha Afroz Begum| birth_date = {{circa}} 1527| birth_place =| death_date = {{death date and age|1604|8|29|1527|df=yes}}| death_place = [[Agra]], [[هیندوستان]]| date of burial =30 August 1604| place of burial = [[Humayun's Tomb]], [[دهلی]]| occupation = | signature =| religion =[[شیعه]]}} '''حمیده بانو بیقم''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Hamida Banu Begum) بیر شاهزاده ایدی. و اؤزونون وفاتیندان سوْنرا [[جودا بای]] واریث کیمی تخت و تاجه صاحیب چیخیب. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] ek0k4odm8zrrrff8fk6nurebcxdodni 1590521 1590517 2026-07-12T18:55:34Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| type =| consort = yes| name = حمیدہ بانو بیگم| title =[[کرالیچه آنا]]| titletext =| more =| image = Hamida Banu Begum, wife of Mughal Emperor Humayun.jpg| caption = حمیده بانو بیگم| also known as = | succession1 =[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign1 =۱۵ فوریه ۱۵۵۵ - ۲۷ ژانویه ۱۵۵۶ | reign-type1 = شاه‌لیق| predecessor1 =[[بیگا بیگم]] | successor1 =[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] |succession2=[[کرالیچه آنا]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign-type2=شاه‌لیق|reign2=۱۱ فوریه ۱۵۵۶ – ۲۹ آگوست ۱۶۰۴|predecessor2=[[ماهم بیگم]]|successor2=[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]]| succession =[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign =سپتامبر ۱۵۴۱ – ۲۷ ژانویه ۱۵۵۶ | reign-type = شاه‌لیق| predecessor = [[بیگا بیگم]]| successor = [[رقیه سلطان بیگم]]| moretext =| coronation =| spouse = [[نصیرالدین همایون]] |issue = [[اکبر شاه]]| father = شیخ علی اکبر جامی| mother = ماه‌افروز بیگم| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱۵۲۷| birth_place =| death_date = {{death date and age|۱۶۰۴|۸|۲۹|۱۵۲۷|۰|۰|df=yes}}| death_place = [[آگرا]], [[هیندوستان]]| date of burial =۳۰ آگوست ۱۶۰۴| place of burial = [[Humayun's Tomb]], [[دهلی]]| occupation = | signature =| religion =[[شیعه]]}} '''حمیده بانو بیقم''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Hamida Banu Begum) بیر شاهزاده ایدی. و اؤزونون وفاتیندان سوْنرا [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم (مریم‌الزمانی)]] واریث کیمی تخت و تاجه صاحیب چیخیب. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] dbnec1s6kvqcv99i710h7pkatisrf1r 1590522 1590521 2026-07-12T18:56:37Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| type =| consort = yes| name = حمیدہ بانو بیگم| title =[[کرالیچه آنا]]| titletext =| more =| image = Hamida Banu Begum, wife of Mughal Emperor Humayun.jpg| caption = حمیده بانو بیگم| also known as = | succession1 =[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign1 =۱۵ فوریه ۱۵۵۵ - ۲۷ ژانویه ۱۵۵۶ | reign-type1 = شاه‌لیق| predecessor1 =[[بیگا بیگم]] | successor1 =[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] |succession2=[[کرالیچه آنا]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign-type2=شاه‌لیق|reign2=۱۱ فوریه ۱۵۵۶ – ۲۹ آگوست ۱۶۰۴|predecessor2=[[ماهم بیگم]]|successor2=[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]]| succession =[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign =سپتامبر ۱۵۴۱ – ۲۷ ژانویه ۱۵۵۶ | reign-type = شاه‌لیق| predecessor = [[بیگا بیگم]]| successor = [[رقیه سلطان بیگم]]| moretext =| coronation =| spouse = [[نصیرالدین همایون]] |issue = [[اکبر شاه]]<br />بخشی بانو بیگم| father = شیخ علی اکبر جامی| mother = ماه‌افروز بیگم| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱۵۲۷| birth_place =| death_date = {{death date and age|۱۶۰۴|۸|۲۹|۱۵۲۷|۰|۰|df=yes}}| death_place = [[آگرا]], [[هیندوستان]]| date of burial =۳۰ آگوست ۱۶۰۴| place of burial = [[Humayun's Tomb]], [[دهلی]]| occupation = | signature =| religion =[[شیعه]]}} '''حمیده بانو بیقم''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Hamida Banu Begum) بیر شاهزاده ایدی. و اؤزونون وفاتیندان سوْنرا [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم (مریم‌الزمانی)]] واریث کیمی تخت و تاجه صاحیب چیخیب. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] cfug81xlqdnwpc08nwc1hi4ux9hig0b 1590533 1590522 2026-07-12T20:55:58Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| type =| consort = yes| name = حمیدہ بانو بیگم| title =[[کرالیچه آنا]]| titletext =| more =| image = Hamida Banu Begum, wife of Mughal Emperor Humayun.jpg| caption = حمیده بانو بیگم| also known as = | succession1 =[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign1 =۱۵ فوریه ۱۵۵۵ - ۲۷ ژانویه ۱۵۵۶ | reign-type1 = شاه‌لیق| predecessor1 =[[بیگا بیگم]] | successor1 =[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] |succession2=[[کرالیچه آنا]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign-type2=شاه‌لیق|reign2=۱۱ فوریه ۱۵۵۶ – ۲۹ آگوست ۱۶۰۴|predecessor2=[[ماهم بیگم]]|successor2=[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]]| succession =[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign =سپتامبر ۱۵۴۱ – ۲۷ ژانویه ۱۵۵۶ | reign-type = شاه‌لیق| predecessor = [[بیگا بیگم]]| successor = [[رقیه سلطان بیگم]]| moretext =| coronation =| spouse = [[نصیرالدین همایون]] |issue = [[اکبر شاه]]<br />بخشی بانو بیگم| father = شیخ علی اکبر جامی| mother = ماه‌افروز بیگم| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱۵۲۷| birth_place =| death_date = {{death date and age|۱۶۰۴|۸|۲۹|۱۵۲۷|۰|۰|df=yes}}| death_place = [[آگرا]], [[هیندوستان]]| date of burial =۳۰ آگوست ۱۶۰۴| place of burial = [[Humayun's Tomb]], [[دهلی]]| occupation = | signature =| religion =[[شیعه]]}} '''حمیده بانو بیقم''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Hamida Banu Begum) بیر شاهزاده ایدی. و اؤزونون وفاتیندان سوْنرا [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم (مریم‌الزمانی)]] واریث کیمی تخت و تاجه صاحیب چیخیب. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} 4krovaq4nfn8a0m6kk45vkl04po18ra 0 167611 1590461 1590378 2026-07-12T17:09:47Z Stw lt 62830 1590461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| name = کرالیچه مریم الزمان| title =ملیکا المعظما<br>ملیکا هندوستان<br>سلطانه مغول<br>شهزاده راجپوت| image = Jodhbai.jpg| caption = کرالیچه قادین مریم‌الزمان شاهی بیگم|succession=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| reign =۱۵۶۲ – ۲۷ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵ |predecessor=[[سلیمه سلطان بیگم]]|successor=[[شاه بیگم]]| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱ اکتبر ۱۵۴۳| birth_place =راج‌کمار جودا | death_date = {{death date and age|۱۶۲۳|۵|۱۹|۱۵۴۳|۱۰|۱|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite book|last=[[Jahangirnama]]|title = The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2| year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|page=261|editor=Alexander Rogers and Henry Beveridge}}</ref>| death_place = [[Agra]],<ref>{{cite book|last=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2| year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|page=261|editor=Rogers and Beveridge}}</ref> [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]<br/>(now [[هیندوستان]])| spouse = [[اکبر شاه]]| issue = فاطما بانو بیگم<br>شهزاده حسن میرزا<br>شهزاده حسین میرزا<br>شهزاده عباس میرزا<br>[[جهانگیرشاه]]<br>[[دانیال میرزا|شهزاده دانیال میرزا]]<br>فیروزه هانیم بیگم| father = [[راجا بهارمال]]| mother =کرالیچه مناواتی | religion = [[هندوئیسم]]، ایسلام شیعه|succession1=[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۳۱ آگوست ۱۵۶۹ – ۲۷ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵|predecessor1=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]|successor1=[[شاه بیگم]]|succession2=[[آنا کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign2=۲۸ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۱۹ می ۱۶۲۳|predecessor2=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]|successor2=[[قدسیه بیگم]]| burial_place = [[Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani]], [[Agra]]<ref name="royalark.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi4|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date=|accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref>}} '''مریم‌الزمانی شاهی بیگم'''([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Mariam-uz-Zamani)،[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|جودا بای]] نامیله مشهور اولان، [[اکبر شاه]] مغولون اصلی کرالیچه سی و پادشاه بیگمی، [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیر شاه]] مغولون آنا کرالیچه ایدی. [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم‌الزمانی]]، [[موغولیستان|مغول امپراتورلوغونون]] تاریخنده‌کی ان گۆجلو و تاثیرلی قادینلرندن بیریسی ایدی و هابئله بۆتون امپراتورلوقده‌کی ان زنگین قادین ایدی. سنه‌سینده آمر نام شهرِ راجپوتلر مملکتنده دنیایه گلدی. آتاسی بهارمال، آمر پادشاهی، و آناسی ملکه مناوَتی ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی، بهارمالون ایلک قیزی ایدی. آتاسی اوْنا جودا آدینی وِردی. جودا، گوزللیغی، عفتی، ذکاوتی، زیرکلیغی و کاریزماسی ایله مشهور اولان بر قیز ایدی. اول، سسی ایله جلال‌الدین اکبرون قلبینی تسخیر ائتمیش و بؤتون باجیلاری آراسنده اونون ان محبوب باجیسی اولموشدور. == کرالیچه مغولون == ۱۵۶۲ سنه‌سینده اکبر شاه ایله عقد ائدیب، بلافاصله اکبرون بویوک و عالیه کرالیچه بریسی مقامینه یتیشدی. بو ایکی عظیم شخصیت آراسنده‌کی محبت و مَوَدّت، زمانه‌نین سخت امتحانلرینه معرض قالدی و چوخ مشقتلر گؤردولر؛ زیرا جودا هندو مذهبنده، اکبر شاه ایسه اسلام دیننده ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی ۱۵۶۳ سنه‌سینده ایلک اولادی فاطمه بانو بیگمی دنیایه گتیر دی. ۱۵۶۴ سنه‌سینده ایکی قوشا اوغلان اولادی، حسن و حسین میرزا، دنیا گلدی. حسن میرزا ایکی آیدان سونرا وفات ائتدی، حسین میرزا ایسه بر یاشنده حیاتینی کایب ائتدی. سونرا مریم‌الزمانی ۱۵۶۷ سنه‌سینده یئنه حامله اولدی و عباس میرزا نامنده بر اوغلان دنیایه گتیر دی. ۱۵۶۹ سنه‌سینده ایسه جهانگیر شاه مغولون ولادتینی گؤردی. اونون دانیال میرزا و فیروزه خانم بیگم ناملی ایکی فرزند دیگه‌سی ده وار ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی خاتون، اکبر شاهون حیاتنده هم محبت و هم اعتبار ساحیبی اولان، دربار مغولونون ان محترم و نفوذلو قادینلرندن بریسی ایدی. == پادشاه بیگم == جهانگیر شاهؽن ولادتیندن سونرا، مریم‌الزمانی بیگمون اوْنا اولان عمیق سئوقی و علاقه‌سی سبب ایله، بو ده‌ورده هیچ بر همشیره‌سی اونون قدرینجه اولاد صاحبی اولمادیغی اوچون، اکبر شاه آگرا قصرینی ترک ائدیب، مریم‌الزمانی و او زمان سلیم نامیله معروف اولان اوغلو جهانگیر اوچون فاتیح‌پور سیکری‌ده اؤلکن بیر سارای بنا ائلدی. هابئله باشکندی آگرا‌دان فاتیح‌پور سیکریه دا ائتدی و بو مقام جودا بای نامیله مشهود اولدی. اکبر شاه، مریم‌الزمانی «پادشاه بیگم» لقب‌لرندن اعلی‌سی اولان مقام‌لار ایله شرف و افتخار عطا ائتدی. بو مقامه اکبر شاهون هیچ بیر آیری باجؽسی، حتی رقیه سلطان بیگم و سلیمه سلطان بیگم کی اونلار شاه ایله قرابت و قان باغینده ایدیلر، نائل اولمادیلار. چۆنکی پادشاه بیگم، مغول امپراتورلوغونده بیر قادینلر یئته بیله‌جه‌گی ان بویوک و عالی مقام ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی پادشاه بیگم مقامینه یتیشدیکدن سونرا دربارده‌کی نفوذونی چوخ آرتدیردی و دولت اداره‌سینده عملاً رول آلماغا باشلادی. اول، گئنیش دریایی تجارت‌لره مالیک ایدی، قووَتلی بر دنیز ناوگانی صاحیبی ایدی و بؤیله‌لیکله مغول امپراتورلوغونون ان زنگین قادینی مقامینه یتیشدی. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} edpm9npuwrp2uwqhsv1407maxoqupvo 1590477 1590461 2026-07-12T17:36:43Z Stw lt 62830 1590477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| name = کرالیچه مریم الزمان| title =ملیکا المعظما<br>ملیکا هندوستان<br>سلطانه مغول<br>شهزاده راجپوت| image = Jodhbai.jpg| caption = کرالیچه هندوستان مریم‌الزمان شاهی بیگم|succession=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| reign =۱۵۶۲ – ۲۷ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵ |predecessor=[[سلیمه سلطان بیگم]]|successor=[[شاه بیگم]]| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱ اکتبر ۱۵۴۳| birth_place =راج‌کمار جودا بای | death_date = {{death date and age|۱۶۲۳|۵|۱۹|۱۵۴۳|۱۰|۱|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite book|last=[[Jahangirnama]]|title = The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2| year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|page=261|editor=Alexander Rogers and Henry Beveridge}}</ref>| death_place = [[آگرا]],<ref>{{cite book|last=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2| year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|page=261|editor=Rogers and Beveridge}}</ref> [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]<br/>(ینی [[هیندوستان]])| spouse = [[اکبر شاه]]| issue = فاطما بانو بیگم<br>شهزاده حسن میرزا<br>شهزاده حسین میرزا<br>شهزاده عباس میرزا<br>[[جهانگیرشاه]]<br>[[دانیال میرزا|شهزاده دانیال میرزا]]<br>فیروزه هانیم بیگم| father = [[راجا بهارمال]]| mother =کرالیچه مناواتی | religion = [[هندوئیسم]]، ایسلام شیعه|succession1=[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۳۱ آگوست ۱۵۶۹ – ۲۷ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵|predecessor1=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]|successor1=[[شاه بیگم]]|succession2=[[آنا کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign2=۲۸ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۱۹ می ۱۶۲۳|predecessor2=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]|successor2=[[قدسیه بیگم]]| burial_place = [[تربه مریم‌الزمانی]], [[آگرا]]<ref name="royalark.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi4|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date=|accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref>}} '''مریم‌الزمانی شاهی بیگم'''([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Mariam-uz-Zamani)،[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|جودا بای]] نامیله مشهور اولان، [[اکبر شاه]] مغولون اصلی کرالیچه سی و پادشاه بیگمی، [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیر شاه]] مغولون آنا کرالیچه ایدی. [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم‌الزمانی]]، [[موغولیستان|مغول امپراتورلوغونون]] تاریخنده‌کی ان گۆجلو و تاثیرلی قادینلرندن بیریسی ایدی و هابئله بۆتون امپراتورلوقده‌کی ان زنگین کرالیچه سی‌دی. [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] اؤز آدینا سکه ضَرب ائدیلن و اؤز آدینا سلطنت مهرینه مالیک اولان ایلک خانیم اولموشدور. ۱۵۴۳ سنه‌سینده آمر نام شهرِ راجپوتلر مملکتنده دنیایه گلدی. آتاسی بهارمال، آمر پادشاهی، و آناسی ملکه مناوَتی ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی، بهارمالون ایلک قیزی ایدی. آتاسی اوْنا جودا آدینی وِردی. جودا، گوزللیغی، عفتی، ذکاوتی، زیرکلیغی و کاریزماسی ایله مشهور اولان بر قیز ایدی. اول، سسی ایله جلال‌الدین اکبرون قلبینی تسخیر ائتمیش و بؤتون باجیلاری آراسنده اونون ان محبوب باجیسی اولموشدور. == کرالیچه مغولون == ۱۵۶۲ سنه‌سینده اکبر شاه ایله عقد ائدیب، بلافاصله اکبرون بویوک و عالیه کرالیچه بریسی مقامینه یتیشدی. بو ایکی عظیم شخصیت آراسنده‌کی محبت و مَوَدّت، زمانه‌نین سخت امتحانلرینه معرض قالدی و چوخ مشقتلر گؤردولر؛ زیرا جودا هندو مذهبنده، اکبر شاه ایسه اسلام دیننده ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی ۱۵۶۳ سنه‌سینده ایلک اولادی فاطمه بانو بیگمی دنیایه گتیر دی. ۱۵۶۴ سنه‌سینده ایکی قوشا اوغلان اولادی، حسن و حسین میرزا، دنیا گلدی. حسن میرزا ایکی آیدان سونرا وفات ائتدی، حسین میرزا ایسه بر یاشنده حیاتینی کایب ائتدی. سونرا مریم‌الزمانی ۱۵۶۷ سنه‌سینده یئنه حامله اولدی و عباس میرزا نامنده بر اوغلان دنیایه گتیر دی. ۱۵۶۹ سنه‌سینده ایسه جهانگیر شاه مغولون ولادتینی گؤردی. اونون دانیال میرزا و فیروزه خانم بیگم ناملی ایکی فرزند دیگه‌سی ده وار ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی خاتون، اکبر شاهون حیاتنده هم محبت و هم اعتبار ساحیبی اولان، دربار مغولونون ان محترم و نفوذلو قادینلرندن بریسی ایدی. == پادشاه بیگم == جهانگیر شاهؽن ولادتیندن سونرا، مریم‌الزمانی بیگمون اوْنا اولان عمیق سئوقی و علاقه‌سی سبب ایله، بو ده‌ورده هیچ بر همشیره‌سی اونون قدرینجه اولاد صاحبی اولمادیغی اوچون، اکبر شاه آگرا قصرینی ترک ائدیب، مریم‌الزمانی و او زمان سلیم نامیله معروف اولان اوغلو جهانگیر اوچون فاتیح‌پور سیکری‌ده اؤلکن بیر سارای بنا ائلدی. هابئله باشکندی آگرا‌دان فاتیح‌پور سیکریه دا ائتدی و بو مقام جودا بای نامیله مشهود اولدی. اکبر شاه، مریم‌الزمانی «پادشاه بیگم» لقب‌لرندن اعلی‌سی اولان مقام‌لار ایله شرف و افتخار عطا ائتدی. بو مقامه اکبر شاهون هیچ بیر آیری باجؽسی، حتی رقیه سلطان بیگم و سلیمه سلطان بیگم کی اونلار شاه ایله قرابت و قان باغینده ایدیلر، نائل اولمادیلار. چۆنکی پادشاه بیگم، مغول امپراتورلوغونده بیر قادینلر یئته بیله‌جه‌گی ان بویوک و عالی مقام ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی پادشاه بیگم مقامینه یتیشدیکدن سونرا دربارده‌کی نفوذونی چوخ آرتدیردی و دولت اداره‌سینده عملاً رول آلماغا باشلادی. اول، گئنیش دریایی تجارت‌لره مالیک ایدی، قووَتلی بر دنیز ناوگانی صاحیبی ایدی و بؤیله‌لیکله مغول امپراتورلوغونون ان زنگین قادینی مقامینه یتیشدی. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} hlau56fwo4tdnwdkcnfir0xrvtyrxqq 1590508 1590477 2026-07-12T18:27:43Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| name = کرالیچه مریم الزمان| title =ملیکا المعظما<br>ملیکا هندوستان<br>سلطانه مغول<br>شهزاده راجپوت| image = Jodhbai.jpg| caption = کرالیچه هندوستان مریم‌الزمان شاهی بیگم|succession=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| reign =۱۵۶۲ – ۲۷ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵ |predecessor=[[سلیمه سلطان بیگم]]|successor=[[شاه بیگم]]| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱ اکتبر ۱۵۴۳| birth_place =راج‌کمار جودا بای | death_date = {{death date and age|۱۶۲۳|۵|۱۹|۱۵۴۳|۱۰|۱|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite book|last=[[Jahangirnama]]|title = The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2| year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|page=261|editor=Alexander Rogers and Henry Beveridge}}</ref>| death_place = [[آگرا]],<ref>{{cite book|last=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2| year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|page=261|editor=Rogers and Beveridge}}</ref> [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]<br/>(ینی [[هیندوستان]])| spouse = [[اکبر شاه]]| issue = فاطما بانو بیگم<br>شهزاده حسن میرزا<br>شهزاده حسین میرزا<br>شهزاده عباس میرزا<br>[[جهانگیرشاه]]<br>[[دانیال میرزا|شهزاده دانیال میرزا]]<br>فیروزه هانیم بیگم| father = [[راجا بهارمال]]| mother =کرالیچه مناواتی | religion = [[هندوئیسم]]، ایسلام شیعه|succession1=[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۳۱ آگوست ۱۵۶۹ – ۲۷ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵|predecessor1=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]|successor1=[[صالحه بانو بیگم]]|succession2=[[آنا کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign2=۲۸ اکتبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۱۹ می ۱۶۲۳|predecessor2=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]|successor2=[[قدسیه بیگم]]| burial_place = [[تربه مریم‌الزمانی]], [[آگرا]]<ref name="royalark.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi4|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date=|accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref>}} '''مریم‌الزمانی شاهی بیگم'''([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Mariam-uz-Zamani)،[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|جودا بای]] نامیله مشهور اولان، [[اکبر شاه]] مغولون اصلی کرالیچه سی و پادشاه بیگمی، [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیر شاه]] مغولون آنا کرالیچه ایدی. [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم‌الزمانی]]، [[موغولیستان|مغول امپراتورلوغونون]] تاریخنده‌کی ان گۆجلو و تاثیرلی قادینلرندن بیریسی ایدی و هابئله بۆتون امپراتورلوقده‌کی ان زنگین کرالیچه سی‌دی. [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] اؤز آدینا سکه ضَرب ائدیلن و اؤز آدینا سلطنت مهرینه مالیک اولان ایلک خانیم اولموشدور. ۱۵۴۳ سنه‌سینده آمر نام شهرِ راجپوتلر مملکتنده دنیایه گلدی. آتاسی بهارمال، آمر پادشاهی، و آناسی ملکه مناوَتی ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی، بهارمالون ایلک قیزی ایدی. آتاسی اوْنا جودا آدینی وِردی. جودا، گوزللیغی، عفتی، ذکاوتی، زیرکلیغی و کاریزماسی ایله مشهور اولان بر قیز ایدی. اول، سسی ایله جلال‌الدین اکبرون قلبینی تسخیر ائتمیش و بؤتون باجیلاری آراسنده اونون ان محبوب باجیسی اولموشدور. == کرالیچه مغولون == ۱۵۶۲ سنه‌سینده اکبر شاه ایله عقد ائدیب، بلافاصله اکبرون بویوک و عالیه کرالیچه بریسی مقامینه یتیشدی. بو ایکی عظیم شخصیت آراسنده‌کی محبت و مَوَدّت، زمانه‌نین سخت امتحانلرینه معرض قالدی و چوخ مشقتلر گؤردولر؛ زیرا جودا هندو مذهبنده، اکبر شاه ایسه اسلام دیننده ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی ۱۵۶۳ سنه‌سینده ایلک اولادی فاطمه بانو بیگمی دنیایه گتیر دی. ۱۵۶۴ سنه‌سینده ایکی قوشا اوغلان اولادی، حسن و حسین میرزا، دنیا گلدی. حسن میرزا ایکی آیدان سونرا وفات ائتدی، حسین میرزا ایسه بر یاشنده حیاتینی کایب ائتدی. سونرا مریم‌الزمانی ۱۵۶۷ سنه‌سینده یئنه حامله اولدی و عباس میرزا نامنده بر اوغلان دنیایه گتیر دی. ۱۵۶۹ سنه‌سینده ایسه جهانگیر شاه مغولون ولادتینی گؤردی. اونون دانیال میرزا و فیروزه خانم بیگم ناملی ایکی فرزند دیگه‌سی ده وار ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی خاتون، اکبر شاهون حیاتنده هم محبت و هم اعتبار ساحیبی اولان، دربار مغولونون ان محترم و نفوذلو قادینلرندن بریسی ایدی. == پادشاه بیگم == جهانگیر شاهؽن ولادتیندن سونرا، مریم‌الزمانی بیگمون اوْنا اولان عمیق سئوقی و علاقه‌سی سبب ایله، بو ده‌ورده هیچ بر همشیره‌سی اونون قدرینجه اولاد صاحبی اولمادیغی اوچون، اکبر شاه آگرا قصرینی ترک ائدیب، مریم‌الزمانی و او زمان سلیم نامیله معروف اولان اوغلو جهانگیر اوچون فاتیح‌پور سیکری‌ده اؤلکن بیر سارای بنا ائلدی. هابئله باشکندی آگرا‌دان فاتیح‌پور سیکریه دا ائتدی و بو مقام جودا بای نامیله مشهود اولدی. اکبر شاه، مریم‌الزمانی «پادشاه بیگم» لقب‌لرندن اعلی‌سی اولان مقام‌لار ایله شرف و افتخار عطا ائتدی. بو مقامه اکبر شاهون هیچ بیر آیری باجؽسی، حتی رقیه سلطان بیگم و سلیمه سلطان بیگم کی اونلار شاه ایله قرابت و قان باغینده ایدیلر، نائل اولمادیلار. چۆنکی پادشاه بیگم، مغول امپراتورلوغونده بیر قادینلر یئته بیله‌جه‌گی ان بویوک و عالی مقام ایدی. مریم‌الزمانی پادشاه بیگم مقامینه یتیشدیکدن سونرا دربارده‌کی نفوذونی چوخ آرتدیردی و دولت اداره‌سینده عملاً رول آلماغا باشلادی. اول، گئنیش دریایی تجارت‌لره مالیک ایدی، قووَتلی بر دنیز ناوگانی صاحیبی ایدی و بؤیله‌لیکله مغول امپراتورلوغونون ان زنگین قادینی مقامینه یتیشدی. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} 59f5t2ivuy4f5900kize86ti8cyq2x3 0 167613 1590456 620709 2026-07-12T17:06:35Z Stw lt 62830 1590456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| name = نورالدین جهانگیر محمد سلیم| title = [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|مغول امپراتورلون پادیشاهی]]| image = Indian - Single Leaf of a Portrait of the Emperor Jahangir - Walters W705 - Detail.jpg| caption = پادیشاه جهانگیر حضرتلری | succession = [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|مغولون پادیشاهی]] [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| reign = ۳ نوامبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۲۸ اکتبر ۱۶۲۷| coronation = ۲۴ نوامبر ۱۶۰۵| predecessor = [[اکبر شاه]]| successor = [[شهریار میرزا (مغول شهزادسی)|شهریار میرزا]]<br />[[شاه جهان]]| birth_name = سلیم| birth_date = ۳۱ آگوست ۱۵۶۹| birth_place = [[فاتیح پور سیکری]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| death_date = {{death date and age|1627|10|28|1569|8|31|df=yes}}| death_place = [[Rajauri]], [[Rajouri district]], [[Kashmir]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]], now [[جامو و کشمیر]], [[هیندوستان]]| burial_place = [[Tomb of Jahangir]], [[لاهور]]| spouse = *[[صالحه بانو بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۶۰۸}} * [[نورجهان|نورجهان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۶۱۱}}| spouse-type = کرالیچه (شاه خانیمی)| issue = * سلطان نسا بیگم * خسرو میرزا * پرویز میرزا * دولت النساء بیگم * بیگم سلطان بیگم * بهار بانو بیگم * شاه جهان * لذت نسا بیگم * شهریار میرزا| full name = Mirza Nur-ud-din Baig Mohammad Khan Salim Jahangir | house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]]| father = [[اکبر شاه]]| mother = [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] | religion = [[سونیلر]]<ref>Andrew J. Newman, ''Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam 632 to 1722'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2013), online version: p. 48: "Jahangir [was] ... a Sunni."</ref><ref>John F. Richards, ''The Mughal Empire'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 103</ref>| spouses = * [[شاه بیگم (جهانگیرین خانیمی)|شاه بیگم]] * [[جگت گوسین|بلقیس مکانی]] * صاحب جمال * ملیکه جهان * نورالنساء بیگم * خاص محل *[[نادره بانو بیگم]]| spouses-type = خانیم لار}} '''جهانگیرشاه''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Jahangir) قدیم هیندوستان ایمپیراتورو. ۳ نووامبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۲۸ اوکتوبر ۱۶۲۷ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. ایسلام دینینه اعتیقاد ائتمیشدی. [[اکبر شاه]] اؤلوموندن سوْنرا حؤکومتی اله کئچدیب. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] 60jm4kaxkh7vfkbmwfi9c68x4q5zxqm 1590486 1590456 2026-07-12T17:50:26Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty| name = نورالدین جهانگیر محمد سلیم| title = [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|مغول امپراتورلون پادیشاهی]]| image = Indian - Single Leaf of a Portrait of the Emperor Jahangir - Walters W705 - Detail.jpg| caption = پادیشاه جهانگیر حضرتلری | succession = [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو|مغولون پادیشاهی]] [[بابورلولر ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| reign = ۳ نوامبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۲۸ اکتبر ۱۶۲۷| coronation = ۲۴ نوامبر ۱۶۰۵| predecessor = [[اکبر شاه]]| successor = [[شهریار میرزا (مغول شهزادسی)|شهریار میرزا]]<br />[[شاه جهان]]| birth_name = سلیم| birth_date = ۳۱ آگوست ۱۵۶۹| birth_place = [[فاتیح پور سیکری]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]| death_date = {{death date and age|1627|10|28|1569|8|31|df=yes}}| death_place = [[Rajauri]], [[Rajouri district]], [[Kashmir]], [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]], now [[جامو و کشمیر]], [[هیندوستان]]| burial_place = [[Tomb of Jahangir]], [[لاهور]]| spouse = *[[صالحه بانو بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۶۰۸}} * [[نورجهان|نورجهان بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۶۱۱}}| spouse-type = کرالیچه (شاه خانیمی)| issue = * سلطان نسا بیگم * خسرو میرزا * پرویز میرزا * دولت النساء بیگم * بیگم سلطان بیگم * بهار بانو بیگم * شاه جهان * لذت نسا بیگم * شهریار میرزا| full name = میرزا نورالدین بیگ محمد خان سلیم جهانگیر | house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]]| father = [[اکبر شاه]]| mother = [[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]] | religion = [[سونیلر]]<ref>Andrew J. Newman, ''Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam 632 to 1722'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2013), online version: p. 48: "Jahangir [was] ... a Sunni."</ref><ref>John F. Richards, ''The Mughal Empire'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 103</ref>| spouses = [[شاه بیگم (جهانگیرین خانیمی)|شاه بیگم]] {{marriage||۱۵۸۵}}<br />[[جگت گوسین|بلقیس مکانی]] {{marriage||۱۵۸۶}}<br />خاص محل بیگم {{marriage||۱۵۹۶}}<br />صاحب جمال<br />ملیکه جهان<br />نورالنساء بیگم<br />[[نادره بانو بیگم]]<br />| spouses-type = خانیم لار}} '''جهانگیرشاه''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Jahangir) قدیم هیندوستان ایمپیراتورو. ۳ نووامبر ۱۶۰۵ – ۲۸ اوکتوبر ۱۶۲۷ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. ایسلام دینینه اعتیقاد ائتمیشدی. [[اکبر شاه]] اؤلوموندن سوْنرا حؤکومتی اله کئچدیب. [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] 1pf22icsb4vdpmpwzfnja5qmnescvht 1 226258 1590519 514143 2026-07-12T18:37:31Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[دانیشیق:حمیده بانو بیقم]] صفحه‌سینی [[دانیشیق:حمیده بانو بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 514143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دانیشیق}} kbw7iqfqfaoulujtzssszdkt7ddqh5m 1 227080 1590511 515061 2026-07-12T18:28:43Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[دانیشیق:مومتاز محل]] صفحه‌سینی [[دانیشیق:ممتاز محل]]-ه آپاردی 515061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دانیشیق}} kbw7iqfqfaoulujtzssszdkt7ddqh5m 1 227129 1590459 515159 2026-07-12T17:07:02Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[دانیشیق:نورجهان]] صفحه‌سینی [[دانیشیق:نورجهان بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 515159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دانیشیق}} kbw7iqfqfaoulujtzssszdkt7ddqh5m 0 280307 1590549 726610 2026-07-13T09:53:11Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See the table at Template:Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of their usage. --> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Saticoy |other_name = |named_for = [[Ventureño language|Ventureño name]]:<br>'''Sa'aqtik'oy''', "it is sheltered from the wind" <ref>{{Cite book | edition = Revised | publisher = EZ Nature Books | isbn = 0936784156 | last1 = McCall | first1 = Lynne | last2 = Perry | first2 = Rosalind | title = California’s Chumash Indians : a project of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Education Center | url = https://archive.org/details/californiaschuma00mcca | location = San Luis Obispo, Calif | year = 2002 }}</ref> |settlement_type = [[Census designated place]]<ref name="MapTechnica.com">{{cite web|title= Boundary Map and Geodata for the CDP of Saticoy in California, U.S.A. |work=MapTechnica.com |access-date=20 February 2016|url=https://www.maptechnica.com/us-city-boundary-map/city/Saticoy/state/CA/cityid/0670322}}</ref> |nickname = <!-- Images --> |image_skyline = Saticoy.JPG |image_caption = |pushpin_map = California |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California <!-- Location ------------------> |coordinates = {{coord|34|16|57|N|119|8|56|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = {{USA}} |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Ventura County, California|Ventura]] <!-- Politics -----------------> |established_title = Established |established_date = 1861 |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title1 = [[California's 19th State Senate district|State senator]] |leader_name1 = {{Representative|casd|19|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd>{{Cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=UC Regents |accessdate=November 21, 2014}}</ref> |leader_title2 = [[California's 37th State Assembly district|Assemblymember]] |leader_name2 = {{Representative|caad|37|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd/> |leader_title3 = [[California's 26th congressional district|U. S. rep.]] |leader_name3 = {{Representative|cacd|26|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|26|accessdate=October 5, 2014}}</ref> <!-- Population------------------> | population_total = 1029 | population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|April 1, 2010]] | population_density_km2 = auto |elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{Cite GNIS|249159|Saticoy|accessdate=November 21, 2014}}</ref> |elevation_ft = 154 |elevation_m = 47 <!-- Area------------------> |unit_pref = US |area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref> |area_total_sq_mi = 0.373 |area_total_km2 = 0.965 |area_land_sq_mi = 0.373 |area_land_km2 = 0.965 |area_water_sq_mi = 0 |area_water_km2 = 0 |area_water_percent = 0 <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -7 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 93004 |area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] |area_code = [[Area code 805|805]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code |blank_info = {{FIPS|06|84858}} |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs |blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|249159}}, {{GNIS 4|2585446}} }} '''ستیکوی، کالیفورنیا''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]:Saticoy, California ) آمریکا اؤلکه‌سینده بیر یاشاییش منطقه‌سی‌دیر. سوْن نۆفوس ساییمی اساسيندا ۱۰۲۹ نفر ایمیش و ۰٫۹۶۵ کیلومتر موربّع ساحه‌سی وار و [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]]نده یئرلشیب. == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Saticoy, California|Saticoy, California]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۸ آقوست ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Saticoy, California | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکا-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:آمریکا شهرلری]] jisy5jkscagmpej1mcb89vfa3cx28yi 0 297341 1590492 1546685 2026-07-12T17:57:11Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Jews | native_name = {{lang|he|יְהוּדִים‬}} ({{lang|he-Latn|Yehudim}}) | native_name_lang = he | rawimage = [[File:Star of David.svg|150px]] | image = | image_caption = The [[Star of David]] which is a common symbol of the Jewish people. | total = '''14.6–17.8 million'''<br /> '''Enlarged population (includes full or partial Jewish ancestry):''' <br /> '''20.7 million''' | total_year = 2018 | total_source = estimate | total_ref = <ref name="JDB">{{cite report |editor1-last=Dashefsky |editor1-first=Arnold |editor-link1=Arnold Dashefsky |editor2-last=Della Pergola |editor2-first=Sergio |editor-link2=Sergio Della Pergola |editor3-last=Sheskin |editor3-first=Ira |date=2018 |title=World Jewish Population|url=https://www.jewishdatabank.org/content/upload/bjdb/2018-World_Jewish_Population_(AJYB,_DellaPergola)_DB_Final.pdf|publisher=[[Berman Jewish DataBank]]|access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> [[File:Map of the Jewish Diaspora in the World.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]] | region1 = {{flag|Israel}} | pop1 = 6,558,000–6,958,000 | ref1 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region2 = {{flag|United States}} | pop2 = 5,700,000–10,000,000 | ref2 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region3 = {{flag|France}} | pop3 = 453,000–600,000 | ref3 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region4 = {{flag|Canada}} | pop4 = 391,000–550,000 | ref4 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region5 = {{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | pop5 = 290,000–370,000 | ref5 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region6 = {{flag|Argentina}} | pop6 = 180,000–330,000 | ref6 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region7 = {{flag|Russia}} | pop7 = 172,000–440,000 | ref7 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region8 = {{flag|Germany}} | pop8 = 116,000–225,000 | ref8 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region9 = {{flag|Australia}} | pop9 = 113,000–140,000 | ref9 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region10 = {{flag|Brazil}} | pop10 = 93,000–150,000 | ref10 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region11 = {{flag|South Africa}} | pop11 = 69,000–80,000 | ref11 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region12 = {{flag|Ukraine}} | pop12 = 50,000–140,000 | ref12 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region13 = {{flag|Hungary}} | pop13 = 47,000–100,000 | ref13 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region14 = {{flag|Mexico}} | pop14 = 40,000–50,000 | ref14 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region15 = {{flag|Netherlands}} | pop15 = 30,000–52,000 | ref15 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region16 = {{flag|Belgium}} | pop16 = 29,000–40,000 | ref16 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region17 = {{flag|Italy}} | pop17 = 28,000–41,000 | ref17 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region18 = {{flag|Switzerland}} | pop18 = 19,000–25,000 | ref18 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region19 = {{flag|Chile}} | pop19 = 18,000–26,000 | ref19 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region20 = {{flag|Uruguay}} | pop20 = 17,000–25,000 | ref20 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region21 = {{flag|Turkey}} | pop21 = 15,000–21,000 | ref21 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region22 = {{flag|Sweden}} | pop22 = 15,000–25,000 | ref22 = <ref name="JDB"/> | languages = {{plainlist| * '''Predominantly spoken:'''<ref name=Languages>{{cite web|url=http://www.bh.org.il/links.aspx |title=Links |access-date=2 April 2012 |publisher=[[Beth Hatefutsoth]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102214/http://www.bh.org.il/links/jewishlangs.asp |archive-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{hlist|[[Modern Hebrew]]|[[English language|English]]|[[Russian language|Russian]]|[[French language|French]]|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]}} * '''Historical:''' * {{hlist|[[Yiddish]]|[[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]]|[[Judeo-Arabic languages|Judeo-Arabic]]|[[Jewish languages|others]]}} * '''Sacred:''' * {{hlist|[[Biblical Hebrew]]|[[Biblical Aramaic]]|[[Talmudic Aramaic]]}} }} | religions = [[Judaism]] | related_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Samaritans]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Genes, Polymorphisms and the Making of Societies: How Genetic Behavioral Traits Influence Human Cultures |last=Kiaris|first= Hippokratis|publisher=Universal Publishers|year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61233-093-8 |page=21}}</ref><ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref name=DigitalSamaritans>{{Cite book |title=Digital Samaritans: Rhetorical Delivery and Engagement in the Digital Humanities |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalsamaritan0000rido |last=Ridolfo |first=Jim |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-472-07280-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/digitalsamaritan0000rido/page/n90 69]}}</ref> * Other [[Levant]]ines and [[Semitic people]]s such as<ref name="evolutsioon">{{cite journal |last1=Shen |first1=Peidong |last2=Lavi |first2=Tal |last3=Kivisild |first3=Toomas |last4=Chou |first4=Vivian |last5=Sengun |first5=Deniz |last6=Gefel |first6=Dov |last7=Shpirer |first7=Issac |last8=Woolf |first8=Eilon |last9=Hillel |first9=Jossi |last10=Feldman |first10=Marcus W. |last11=Oefner |first11=Peter J. |title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation |journal=Human Mutation |date=September 2004 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=248–260 |doi=10.1002/humu.20077 |pmid=15300852 |s2cid=1571356 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity|first= Nicholas|last= Wade|date=9 June 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10jews.html|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nebel |first1=Almut |last2=Filon |first2=Dvora |last3=Weiss |first3=Deborah A. |last4=Weale |first4=Michael |last5=Faerman |first5=Marina |last6=Oppenheim |first6=Ariella |last7=Thomas |first7=Mark G. |title=High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews |url=https://archive.org/details/human-genetics_2000-12_107_6/page/630 |journal=Human Genetics |date=December 2000 |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=630–641 |doi=10.1007/s004390000426 |pmid=11153918 |s2cid=8136092 }}</ref><ref name="sciencedaily">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/05/000509003653.htm |title=Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=9 May 2000 |access-date=12 April 2013}}</ref> [[Arabs]]<ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref name="Abraham 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Atzmon |first1=Gil |last2=Hao |first2=Li |last3=Pe'er |first3=Itsik |last4=Velez |first4=Christopher |last5=Pearlman |first5=Alexander |last6=Palamara |first6=Pier Francesco |last7=Morrow |first7=Bernice |last8=Friedman |first8=Eitan |last9=Oddoux |first9=Carole |last10=Burns |first10=Edward |last11=Ostrer |first11=Harry |title=Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=June 2010 |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=850–859 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015 |pmid=20560205 |pmc=3032072 }}</ref> and [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]]<ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref name="sciencedaily" /><ref name=DigitalSamaritans/> }} }} {{Contains special characters|Hebrew}} {{Jews and Judaism sidebar}} '''یهودی‌لر'''<ref>[https://www.hebrewpod101.com/hebrew-dictionary/ ''Jews''] (İngilizce). "Yahudiler". Hebrew Dictionary.</ref> و یا '''یهودی میلتی'''، تاریخی [[کنعان]] بؤلگه‌سینده، [[عبرانیلر|عبرانی]]<ref>"In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants of the Hebrews of the Old Testament." [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303358/Jew Jew] at [http://www.britannica.com/ Encyclopædia Britannica] {{وب قایناقلاماسی|باغلانتی=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126232606/https://www.britannica.com/ |تاریخ=26 Ocak 2018 }}</ref><ref>"Hebrew, any member of an ancient northern Semitic people that were the ancestors of the Jews." [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/259033/Hebrew Hebrew (People)] at [http://www.britannica.com/ Encyclopædia Britannica] {{Webarşiv|باغلانتی=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126232606/https://www.britannica.com/ |تاریخ=26 Ocak 2018 }}</ref> دین بؤیۆگۆ و آتاسی [[یعقوب]]'ون [[ایسرائیل اوغول‌لاری|اون ایکی اوغلوندان]] بیری اولان [[یهودا]]'نین سویوندان گلن<ref name="Scheindlin1998">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|یازار=Raymond P. Scheindlin|باشلیق=A Short History of the Jewish People: From Legendary Times to Modern Statehood|باغلانتی=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfsuicMmrE0C&pg=PA1|ایل=1998|یاییملاییجی=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-513941-9|sayfalar=1-}} Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites"</ref><ref name="Incorporated2009">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|yazar=Facts On File, Incorporated|باشلیق=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East|باغلانتی=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA337|yıl=2009|yayıncı=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0|sayfalar=337-}}"The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history"</ref><ref name="MD2012">{{Kitap kaynağı|yazar=Harry Ostrer MD|باشلیق=Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RayZR3V1SFwC&pg=PT26|yıl=2012|yayıncı=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997638-6|sayfalar=26-}}</ref> [[اتنو-دینی قوروپ]]<ref name="Jews-are-ethnoreligious-group">* {{Kitap kaynağı|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4qhTL61nXEC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=jew+ethnic+mandla&ct=result&resnum=7|başlık=Ethnic minorities in English law|erişimtarihi=23 Aralık 2010|dil=İngilizce|çalışma=English Law|yayıncı=Books.google.co.uk}} * {{Akademik dergi kaynağı|url=https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2573430|başlık=Jewish Ethno-Religious Involvement and Political Liberalism|erişimtarihi=|yazarlar=|dil=|sayfalar=328&ndash;32|çalışma=Edgar Litt (1961)|yayıncı=|isbn=978-0-8147-6700-9}} * The Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Eli Lederhendler Stephen S. Wise Professor of American Jewish History and Institutions (2001). Studies in Contemporary Jewry : Volume XVII: Who Owns Judaism? Public Religion and Private Faith in America and Israel: Volume XVII: Who Owns Judaism? Public Religion and Private Faith in America and Israel. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 101–. ISBN 978-0-19-534896-5. * Ernest Krausz; Gitta Tulea. Jewish Survival: The Identity Problem at the Close of the Twentieth Century; [... International Workshop at Bar-Ilan University on the 18th and 19th of March, 1997]. Transaction Publishers. pp. 90–. ISBN 978-1-4128-2689-1. * John A. Shoup III (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-59884-363-7. Tet-Lim N. Yee (2005). Jews, Gentiles and Ethnic Reconciliation: Paul's Jewish identity and Ephesians. Cambridge University Press. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-1-139-44411-8. </ref> و [[میلت]]'دیر.<ref name="Nicholson2002"/><ref name="Neusner1991"/><ref name="Dowty1998"/> [[یهودیلیک]]، یهودی میلتینه اؤزل بیر دین اولدوغوندان یهودی [[اتنیسیته]]'سی میلتی و [[اینانچ|اینانجی]] بیربیریله گوچلو بیر شکیلده ایلیشکی ایچریسینده‌دیر.<ref name="Lederhendler2001">{{Kitap kaynağı|yazar=Eli Lederhendler|başlık=Studies in Contemporary Jewry: Volume XVII: Who Owns Judaism? Public Religion and Private Faith in America and Israel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wvahJv83AgC&pg=PA101|yıl=2001|yayıncı=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-534896-5|sayfalar=101-}} "Historically, the religious and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity have been closely interwoven. In fact, so closely bound are they, that the traditional Jewish lexicon hardly distinguishes between the two concepts. Jewish religious practice, by definition, was observed exclusively by the Jewish people, and notions of Jewish peoplehood, nation, and community were suffused with faith in the Jewish God, the practice of Jewish (religious) law and the study of ancient religious texts"</ref><ref name="Yee2005">{{Kitap kaynağı|yazar=Tet-Lim N. Yee|başlık=Jews, Gentiles and Ethnic Reconciliation: Paul's Jewish identity and Ephesians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4OwXhMOn5cC&pg=PA102|yıl= 2005|yayıncı=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-44411-8|sayfalar=102-}} "This identification in the Jewish attitude between the ethnic group and religious identity is so close that the reception into this religion of members not belonging to its ethnic group has become impossible."</ref><ref name="KrauszTulea">{{Kitap kaynağı|yazar1=Ernest Krausz|yazar2=Gitta Tulea|başlık=Jewish Survival: The Identity Problem at the Close of the Twentieth Century; &#91;... International Workshop at Bar-Ilan University on the 18th and 19th of March, 1997&#93;|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnxv-Mlz0JIC&pg=PA90|yayıncı=Transaction Publishers|yıl=1997|isbn=978-1-4128-2689-1|sayfalar=90-}} "A person born Jewish who refutes Judaism may continue to assert a Jewish identity, and if he or she does not convert to another religion, even religious Jews will recognize the person as a Jew"</ref> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} jkgit3zh5ukboev4notnipzrfufy7tq 0 299301 1590541 764326 2026-07-13T05:48:04Z Eloir 62974 New logo. 1590541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company |name = Ultrapar Participações S.A. |logo = [[File:Logotipo do Grupo Ultra (2024).svg|Ultrapar|150px]] |type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Sociedade Anônima]] |traded_as = {{BM&F Bovespa|cvm=18465|UGPA3}} <br> {{NYSE|UGP}}<br>[[Ibovespa|Ibovespa Component]] |foundation = August 30, 1937 |founder = [[Ernesto Igel]] |location = [[سائو پائولو]], [[برزیل]] |key_people = Pedro Wongtschowski, <small>([[Chairman]])</small> <br> Frederico Fleury Curado, <small>([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])</small> |num_employees = 16.400 |industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]] |products = [[یاناجاق]], [[Chemical substance|Chemicals]], [[Logistics]], [[Filling station]], [[Drugstores]] |revenue = {{profit}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 24.1 billion <small>(2017)</small> |net_income= {{profit}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 452.6 million <small>(2017)</small> |subsid = [[Petroleo Ipiranga]] <br /> [[Ultragaz]] <br /> [[Oxiteno]] <br /> [[Ultracargo]] <br /> [[Extrafarma]] |homepage = {{URL|http://www.ultra.com.br/}} |}} '''اولتراپار''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]: Ultrapar) بیر شیرکت دیر. بۇ شیرکت [[کونقلومرات]] ساحه‌سینده فعالیّت گؤستریر. شیرکت [[Ernesto Igel]] طرفیندن قۇرولموش‌دور. چالیشان ایشچی‌لرینین سایی‌سی ۱۶٫۴ نفر اوْلوب. == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Ultrapar|Ultrapar]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۰ دسامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Ultrapar | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{شیرکت-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:شیرکت‌لر]] ba2zcon243sewxnph1yjnz2ujmwpbbo 0 299877 1590435 1529085 2026-07-12T15:30:25Z Eloir 62974 New logo. 1590435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Itaúsa Investimentos Itaú S.A. | logo = Logotipo da Itaúsa (2025).svg | logo_size = 200px | type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Sociedade Anônima]] | traded_as = {{BM&F Bovespa|cvm=7617|ITSA3|ITSA4}} <br>[[Ibovespa|Ibovespa Component]] | foundation = 1966<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww13.itau.com.br/itausa/HTML/en-US/infofinan/dcc/quemsomos.htm|title=Itaúsa - Relações com Investidores|first=|last=TheMediaGroup|website=Itaúsa - Relações com Investidores|accessdate=2018-12-23|archivedate=2014-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193621/http://ww13.itau.com.br/itausa/HTML/en-US/infofinan/dcc/quemsomos.htm}}</ref> | location = [[سائو پائولو]], [[برزیل]] | key_people = José Carlos Moraes Abreu, <small>([[Chairman]])</small> <br>Alfredo Egydio Arruda Villela Filho, <small>([[CEO]])</small> | area_served = | industry = [[Holding company|Holding]] | products = [[مالییه]], [[ساغلام‌لیق]], [[Chemicals]], [[Fashion]] and others | revenue = {{increase}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 1.5 billion <small>(2016)</small> | operating_income = | net_income = {{increase}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 2.5 billion <small>(2017)</small> | num_employees = 126,800 | slogan = | parent = | subsid = [[ایتاو یونی‌بانکو]]<br>[[Duratex S.A.|Duratex]] <br>[[Alpargatas S.A.]] | homepage = [http://www.itausa.com.br www.itausa.com.br] }} '''ایتاوسا''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]: Itaúsa) بیر شیرکت دیر. بۇ شیرکت [[هولدینق]] ساحه‌سینده فعالیّت گؤستریر. چالیشان ایشچی‌لرینین سایی‌سی ۱۲۶٬۸۰۰ نفر اوْلوب. == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Itaúsa|Itaúsa]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۰ دسامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Itaúsa | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{شیرکت-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:شیرکت‌لر]] ds4p27c7eqrk21dy0d575ctgckqhkuk 0 302287 1590553 1448258 2026-07-13T09:57:43Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club |clubname = Birmingham City F.C. |current = 2018–19 Birmingham City F.C. season |image = Birmingham City FC logo.svg |image_size = 100 |alt = Badge of Birmingham City: a line-drawn globe above a football, with ribbon carrying the club name and date of foundation |fullname = Birmingham City Football Club |nickname = Blues<!-- not "The Blues" --><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2010–2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_e2f2 |publisher=Headline |location=London |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-7553-6107-6 |edition=41st |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_e2f2/page/70 70]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/uefacup/2012/e/e_2007315_pk.pdf |format=PDF |title=UEFA Europa League 2011/12 Season: Match press kit: NK Maribor Birmingham City FC |publisher=UEFA |page=5 |date=27 September 2011 |accessdate=30 July 2018}}</ref><!-- please don't add Brum as a nickname, that applies to the city as a whole, not to the football club --> |shortname = BCFC |founded = {{ublist|{{start date and years ago|1875|df=y}}|as ''Small Heath Alliance''}} |dissolved = |ground = [[St Andrew's (stadium)|St Andrew's]] |capacity = 29,409<ref name=capacity>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcfc.com/tickets-membership/essential-information/new-to-st-andrews/ |title=New to St. Andrew's? |publisher=Birmingham City F.C. |accessdate=28 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043737/https://www.bcfc.com/tickets-membership/essential-information/new-to-st-andrews/ |archive-date=1 December 2017 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all |archivedate=2017-12-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043737/https://www.bcfc.com/tickets-membership/essential-information/new-to-st-andrews/ }}</ref> |coordinates = 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biography | name = Mark Robinson | image = Mark Robinson 1.png | image_size = | caption = Robinson with [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] following the [[2009 FA Trophy Final]] | fullname = Mark Andrew Robinson<ref name="List of Players under Written Contract Registered Between 01/03/2010 and 31/03/2010">{{Cite web| title = List of Players under Written Contract Registered Between 01/03/2010 and 31/03/2010 | url = http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/RulesandRegulations/~/media/Files/PDF/TheFA/PlayerRegistrations/March2010PlayerRegs.ashx/March2010PlayerRegs.pdf | publisher = The Football Association | format = PDF | accessdate = 8 April 2010}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|7|24|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2007-08 348"/> | birth_place = [[قویسبورو]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=10}}<ref name="Hugman2007-08 348"/> | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | currentclub = [[Guisborough Town F.C.|Guisborough Town]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthyears2 = | youthyears3 = {{0|000}}?–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] | youthclubs2 = [[ناتینقهام فارست فوتبال کولوبو|ناتینقهام فارست]] | youthclubs3 = [[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] | years1 = 1999–2004 | clubs1 = [[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] | caps1 = 85 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2003–2004 | clubs2 = → [[Spennymoor United F.C.|Spennymoor United]] (loan) | caps2 = 4 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2004 | clubs3 = → [[Scarborough F.C.|Scarborough]] (loan) | caps3 = 2 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2004–2005 | clubs4 = [[Hereford United F.C.|Hereford United]] | caps4 = 36 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2005–2007 | clubs5 = [[ایستوک‌پورت کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|ایستوک‌پورت کانتی]] | caps5 = 59 | goals5 = 4 | years6 = 2007 | clubs6 = [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]] | caps6 = 18 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2007–2009 | clubs7 = [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] | caps7 = 68 | goals7 = 4 | years8 = 2009–2010 | clubs8 = [[Gateshead F.C.|Gateshead]] | caps8 = 17 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2010 | clubs9 = [[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] | caps9 = 10 | goals9 = 0 | years10 = 2010 | clubs10 = [[Whitby Town F.C.|Whitby Town]] | caps10 = 6 | goals10 = 0 | years11 = 2010–2011 | clubs11 = [[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] | caps11 = ? | goals11 = ? | years12 = 2011 | clubs12 = → [[Boston United F.C.|Boston United]] (loan) | caps12 = 3 | goals12 = 0 | years13 = 2011–2017 | clubs13 = [[Whitby Town F.C.|Whitby Town]] | caps13 = | goals13 = | years14 = 2017– | clubs14 = [[Guisborough Town F.C.|Guisborough Town]] | caps14 = | goals14 = | nationalyears1 = 2005 | nationalteam1 = [[England C national football team|England National Game XI]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | club-update = 21:25, 9 November 2011 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = | manageryears1 = 2016–2017<ref>[http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/sport/14973128.York_City_North_Riding_Cup_tie_at_Whitby_Town_confirmed_for_January_10/ York City North Riding Cup tie at Whitby Town confirmed for January 10]‚ yorkpress.co.uk, 17 December 2017</ref> | managerclubs1 = [[Whitby Town F.C.|Whitby Town]] (player-coach) }} '''مارک رابینسون''' (فوتبالیست، دوغوم ۱۹۸۱) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Mark Robinson (footballer, born 1981)) (دوْغوم:{{Birth date and age|1981|7|24|df=y}} [[قویسبورو]]) کئچمیشده بیر فوتبالیست و ایندیلیکده بیر مربی اوْلاراق چالیشیر. اینگیلیس میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|کولوب !rowspan="2"|سیزون !colspan="2"|League{{ref label|League|A|}} !colspan="2"|FA Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Other{{ref label|Other|B|}} !colspan="2"|توْپلام |- !اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan="6" valign="center"|[[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] |[[1999–2000 Football League|1999–2000]]<ref name="Hartlepool 1999/2000 player appearances">{{Cite web | title = Hartlepool 1999/2000 player appearances | url = http://www.soccerbase.com/squad_season.sd?seasonid=129&teamid=1190 | publisher = Soccerbase | accessdate = 28 October 2008 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2000–01 Football League|2000–01]]<ref name="Season 2000/2001:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2000/2001: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2001 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |6||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||7||0 |- |[[2001–02 Football League|2001–02]]<ref name="Season 2001/2002:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2001/2002: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2002 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |37||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||39||0 |- |[[2002–03 Football League|2002–03]]<ref name="Season 2002/2003:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2002/2003: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2003 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |38||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||39||0 |- |[[2003–04 Football League|2003–04]]<ref name="Season 2003/2004:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2003/2004: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2004 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |4||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||5||0 |- !Total !85!!0!!0!!0!!2!!0!!3!!0!!90!!0 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Spennymoor United F.C.|Spennymoor United]] (بوْرچ) |[[2003–04 Northern Premier League|2003–04]]<ref name="Player Details: Season 2003-2004">{{Cite web | title = Player Details: Season 2003–2004 | url = http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2003/player_details.php?playerid=4570 | publisher = SoccerFactsUK | accessdate = 11 August 2010 | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194749/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2003/player_details.php?playerid=4570 | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2016-03-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194749/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2003/player_details.php?playerid=4570 }}</ref> |4||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||4||0 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Scarborough F.C.|Scarborough]] (بوْرچ) |[[2003–04 Football Conference|2003–04]]<ref name="Season 2003/2004:"/> |2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Hereford United F.C.|Hereford United]] |[[2004–05 Football Conference|2004–05]]<ref name="Season 2004/2005:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2004/2005: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2005 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |36||0||3||0||0||0||10||1||49||1 |- |rowspan="3" valign="center"|[[ایستوک‌پورت کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|ایستوک‌پورت کانتی]] |[[2005–06 Football League|2005–06]]<ref name="2005-06:">Appearances and goals for this season are taken from:<br>{{Cite web |title = Season 2005/2006: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2006 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br>{{Cite web |title = Season 2005/2006: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=23271&season=2006 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |46||2||3||0||1||0||1||0||51||2 |- |[[2006–07 Football League|2006–07]]<ref name="Season 2006/2007:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2006/2007: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2007 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 24 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |13||2||1||0||0||0||2||0||16||2 |- !Total !59!!4!!4!!0!!1!!0!!3!!0!!67!!4 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]] |[[2006–07 Torquay United F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name="Season 2006/2007:"/> |18||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||18||0 |- |rowspan="3" valign="center"|[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] |[[2007–08 York City F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="The Complete Record 411-421">{{Cite book | last = Batters | first = Dave | title = York City The Complete Record | publisher = The Breedon Books Publishing Company Limited | year = 2008 | pages = 411–421 | isbn = 978-1-85983-633-0 }}</ref> |31||2||2||0||0||0||1||0||34||2 |- |[[2008–09 York City F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2010 162-163">{{Cite book | editor1-first = Tony | editor1-last = Williams | editor2-first = James | editor2-last = Wright | title = Non-League Club Directory 2010 | url = https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 | year = 2009 | publisher = Tony Williams Publications | isbn = 978-1-869833-66-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/162 162]–163 }}</ref> |37||2||2||0||0||0||8||0||47||2 |- !Total !68!!4!!4!!0!!0!!0!!9!!0!!81!!4 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Gateshead F.C.|Gateshead]] |[[2009–10 Gateshead F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="Season 2009/2010:">{{Cite web |title = Season 2009/2010: |url = http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2010 |publisher = Sportbox.tv |accessdate = 11 August 2010 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724104038/http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=47411&season=2010 |archivedate = 24 July 2011 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> |17||0||0||0||0||0||5||0||22||0 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] |[[2009–10 Football Conference|2009–10]]<ref name="Season 2009/2010:"/> |10||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||10||0 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Whitby Town F.C.|Whitby Town]] |[[2010–11 Northern Premier League|2010–11]]<ref name="Appearances">{{Cite web |title=Appearances |url=http://www.whitby-town.com/appearances_10.php |publisher=Whitby Town F.C |accessdate=24 April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023109/http://www.whitby-town.com/appearances_10.php |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df= }}</ref> |6||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||6||0 |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] |[[2010–11 Football Conference|2010–11]] |?||?||?||?||0||0||?||?||?||? |- |rowspan="1" valign="center"|[[Boston United F.C.|Boston United]] (بوْرچ) |[[2010–11 Football Conference|2010–11]]<ref name="Defensive duo return to Trinity">{{Cite news | title = Defensive duo return to Trinity | url = http://www.bufc.co.uk/article/3372417/Defensive-duo-return-to-Trinity | publisher = Boston United F.C | date = 16 March 2011 | accessdate = 24 April 2011 | archivedate = 2011-09-28 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928220447/http://www.bufc.co.uk/article/3372417/Defensive-duo-return-to-Trinity }}</ref> |3||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||3||0 |- !colspan="2"|Career total !308!!8!!11!!0!!3!!0!!30!!1!!352!!9 |} {{refbegin}} :A.&nbsp;{{note|League}} The "League" column constitutes appearances and goals in [[the Football League]], [[Football Conference]] and [[Northern Premier League]]. :B.&nbsp;{{note|Other}} The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the [[Conference League Cup]], [[FA Trophy]], [[Football League Trophy]] and [[playoffs|play-offs]]. {{refend}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Mark Robinson (footballer, born 1981) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 7barxhik15byizumumisoeakk6ytc53 0 333409 1590551 1574007 2026-07-13T09:56:04Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emile Heskey | image = Emile Heskey as a player of England national football team.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Heskey playing for [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] in 2009 | fullname = Emile William Ivanhoe Heskey<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2016/june/efl-club-retained-and-released-lists-published/ |title=EFL: Club retained and released lists published |publisher=English Football League |date=23 June 2016 |accessdate=12 December 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|1|11|df=y}}<ref>{{Hugman|8855|accessdate=12 December 2017}}</ref> | birth_place = [[لستر]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=2}}<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n197 196]}}</ref> | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | currentclub = | youthyears1 = 1987–1994 | youthclubs1 = [[Leicester City F.C. Reserves and Academy|Leicester City]] | years1 = 1994–2000 | clubs1 = [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] | caps1 = 154 | goals1 = 40 | years2 = 2000–2004 | clubs2 = [[لیورپول فوتبال کولوبو|لیورپول]] | caps2 = 150 | goals2 = 39 | years3 = 2004–2006 | clubs3 = [[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] | caps3 = 68 | goals3 = 14 | years4 = 2006–2009 | clubs4 = [[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] | caps4 = 82 | goals4 = 15 | years5 = 2009–2012 | clubs5 = [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] | caps5 = 92 | goals5 = 9 | years6 = 2012–2014 | clubs6 = [[نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس]] | caps6 = 42 | goals6 = 10 | years7 = 2014–2016 | clubs7 = [[بولتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|بولتون واندررز]] | caps7 = 45 | goals7 = 3 | totalcaps = 633 | totalgoals = 130 | nationalyears1 = 1994 | nationalteam1 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] | nationalcaps1 = 4 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 1995–1996 | nationalteam2 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] | nationalcaps2 = 8 | nationalgoals2 = 5 | nationalyears3 = 1996–2000 | nationalteam3 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 17 | nationalgoals3 = 6 | nationalyears4 = 1998 | nationalteam4 = [[England national football B team|England B]] | nationalcaps4 = 1 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 1999–2010 | nationalteam5 = [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] | nationalcaps5 = 62 | nationalgoals5 = 7 }} '''امیل هسکی''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Emile Heskey) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1978|1|11|df=y}} [[لستر]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۰]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Europe !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=7|[[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] |[[1994–95 Leicester City F.C. season|1994–95]]<ref name=Rothmans9596>{{cite book |editor-first=Jack |editor-last=Rollin |title=Rothmans Football Yearbook 1995–96 |url=https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball0000unse_a6b8 |year=1995 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7472-7823-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball0000unse_a6b8/page/200 200]–201, 583–586, 613–617}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[1995–96 Leicester City F.C. season|1995–96]]<ref name=Rothmans9697>{{cite book |editor-first=Glenda |editor-last=Rollin |title=Rothmans Football Yearbook 1996–97 |url=https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball0000glen |year=1996 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7472-7781-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball0000glen/page/200 200]–201, 544–545, 577–581, 602–603}}</ref> |[[Football League First Division|First Division]] |30||7||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[Football League First Division play-offs|First Division play-offs]]}}||0||35||7 |- |[[1996–97 Leicester City F.C. season|1996–97]]<ref name=sb9697>{{soccerbase season|3453|1996|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |35||10||3||0||9||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||47||12 |- |[[1997–98 Leicester City F.C. season|1997–98]]<ref name=sb9798>{{soccerbase season|3453|1997|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |35||10||2||0||0||0||2{{efn|name=UC|Appearances in [[یوفا آوروپا لیقا‌سی]]}}||0||colspan=2|—||39||10 |- |[[1998–99 Leicester City F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref name=sb9899>{{soccerbase season|3453|1998|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |30||6||2||0||8||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||40||9 |- |[[1999–2000 Leicester City F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref name=sb9900/> |Premier League |23||7||4||0||8||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||35||8 |- !colspan=2|Total !154||40||11||0||27||6||2||0||3||0||197||46 |- |rowspan=6|[[لیورپول فوتبال کولوبو|لیورپول]] |[[1999–2000 Liverpool F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref name=sb9900>{{soccerbase season|3453|1999|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |12||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||12||3 |- |[[2000–01 Liverpool F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref name=sb0001>{{soccerbase season|3453|2000|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |36||14||5||5||4||0||11{{efn|name=UC}}||3||colspan=2|—||56||22 |- |[[2001–02 Liverpool F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102>{{soccerbase season|3453|2001|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |35||9||2||0||1||0||17{{efn|Sixteen appearances and four goals in [[اوروپا قهرمانلار لیگی]], one appearance and one goal in [[UEFA Super Cup]]}}||5||1{{efn|name=CS|Appearance in [[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]}}||0||56||14 |- |[[2002–03 Liverpool F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref name=sb0203>{{soccerbase season|3453|2002|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |32||6||3||0||5||0||11{{efn|Six appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, five appearances and one goal in UEFA Cup}}||3||1{{efn|name=CS}}||0||52||9 |- |[[2003–04 Liverpool F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref name=sb0304>{{soccerbase season|3453|2003|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |35||7||4||1||2||2||6{{efn|name=UC}}||2||colspan=2|—||47||12 |- !colspan=2|Total !150||39||14||6||12||2||45||13||2||0||223||60 |- |rowspan=3|[[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] |[[2004–05 Birmingham City F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405>{{soccerbase season|3453|2004|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |34||10||2||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||38||11 |- |[[2005–06 Birmingham City F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{soccerbase season|3453|2005|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |34||4||3||0||3||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||40||5 |- !colspan=2|Total !68||14||5||1||5||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||78||16 |- |rowspan=4|[[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] |[[2006–07 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=Sky0708>{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2007–2008 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_z0q8 |year=2007 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7553-1664-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_z0q8/page/410 410]–411, 601, 621}}</ref> |Premier League |34||8||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||36||8 |- |[[2007–08 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{soccerbase season|3453|2007|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |28||4||2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||30||4 |- |[[2008–09 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> |Premier League |20||3||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||22||3 |- !colspan=2|Total !82||15||3||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||88||15 |- |rowspan=5|[[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] |[[2008–09 Aston Villa F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{soccerbase season|3453|2008|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |14||2||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||14||2 |- |[[2009–10 Aston Villa F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{soccerbase season|3453|2009|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |31||3||4||0||5||2||2{{efn|name=UL|Appearances in [[یوفا آوروپا لیقا‌سی]]}}||0||colspan=2|—||42||5 |- |[[2010–11 Aston Villa F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{soccerbase season|3453|2010|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |19||3||2||0||2||2||2{{efn|name=UL}}||1||colspan=2|—||25||6 |- |[[2011–12 Aston Villa F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{soccerbase season|3453|2011|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> |Premier League |28||1||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||29||1 |- !colspan=2|Total !92||9||7||0||7||4||4||1||colspan=2|—||110||14 |- |rowspan=3|[[نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس]] |[[2012–13 Newcastle Jets FC season|2012–13]]<ref name=Soccerway>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/emile-heskey/2678/ |title=E. Heskey: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=23 July 2018 |archivedate=2018-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722203827/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/emile-heskey/2678/ }}</ref> |[[A-League]] |23||9||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||23||9 |- |[[2013–14 Newcastle Jets FC season|2013–14]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |A-League |19||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||19||1 |- !colspan=2|Total !42||10||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||42||10 |- |rowspan=3|[[بولتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|بولتون واندررز]] |[[2014–15 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|3453|2014|accessdate=11 May 2015}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |16||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||18||1 |- |[[2015–16 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|3453|2015|accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref> |Championship |29||2||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||30||2 |- !colspan=2|Total !45||3||2||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||48||3 |- !colspan=3|Career total !633||130||42||7||55||13||51||14||5||0||786||164 |} {{notelist}} {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=10|[[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] |1999||4||0 |- |2000||7||1 |- |2001||9||2 |- |2002||11||1 |- |2003||7||1 |- |2004||5||0 |- |2007||2||0 |- |2008||5||0 |- |2009||7||2 |- |2010||5||0 |- !colspan=2|Total||62||7 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+ International goals by date, venue, cap, opponent, score, result and competition |- !scope=col|No. !scope=col data-sort-type=date|Date !scope=col|Venue !scope=col|Cap !scope=col|Opponent !scope=col|Score !scope=col|Result !scope=col|Competition !scope=col class=unsortable|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|1 |3 June 2000||[[National Stadium, Ta' Qali|National Stadium]], Ta' Qali, Malta||align=center|7||{{fb|Malta}}||align=center|2–1||align=center|2–1||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||<ref>{{cite news |title=Close shave for shaky England |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/euro2000/teams/england/775891.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=4 June 2000 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|2 |28 February 2001||[[Villa Park]], Birmingham, England||align=center|12||{{fb|Spain}}||align=center|2–0||align=center|3–0||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sven's England off to winning start |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/1190940.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=28 February 2001 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|3 |1 September 2001||[[Olympiastadion (Munich)|Olympiastadion]], Munich, Germany||align=center|17||{{fb|Germany}}||align=center|5–1||align=center|[[2001 Germany v England football match|5–1]]||[[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||<ref>{{cite news |title=Awesome England thrash Germany |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/1515667.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=1 September 2001 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|4 |15 June 2002||[[Niigata Stadium]], Niigata, Japan||align=center|28||{{fb|Denmark}}||align=center|3–0||align=center|3–0||[[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۰۲]]||<ref name="England brush Danes aside">{{cite news |title=England brush Danes aside |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/denmark_v_england/default.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=15 June 2002 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|5 |22 May 2003||[[Kings Park Stadium]], Durban, South Africa||align=center|33||{{fb|South Africa}}||align=center|2–1||align=center|2–1||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||<ref>{{cite news |title=Beckham injury mars England win |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/england/3047631.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=22 May 2003 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|6 |28 March 2009||[[Wembley Stadium]], London, England||align=center|52||{{fb|Slovakia}}||align=center|1–0||align=center|4–0||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||<ref name="England 4–0 Slovakia">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=England 4–0 Slovakia |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/7967094.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=28 March 2009 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|7 |6 June 2009||[[Almaty Central Stadium]], Almaty, Kazakhstan||align=center|53||{{fb|Kazakhstan}}||align=center|2–0||align=center|4–0||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||<ref name="Kazakhstan 0–4 England">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Kazakhstan 0–4 England |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/8077218.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 June 2009 |accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref> |} @@@== قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Emile Heskey | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۸-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:لستر سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:لیورپول کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بیرمنقام سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ویقان اتلتیک کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ایستون ویلا کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بولتون واندررز کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یوفا یورو ۲۰۰۰ اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۲ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یوفا یورو ۲۰۰۴ اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۰ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] jcglm383kswdhmrkpp6ktq8kljinx7q 0 336565 1590544 1587943 2026-07-13T09:48:19Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Adam Smith | image = Smith, Nathan Adam.jpg | image_size = 220 | caption = Smith in 2011 | fullname = Nathan Adam Smith<ref name=Hugman0708>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2007–08 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3 |year=2007 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-246-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3/page/n376 375]}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|2|20|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman0708/> | birth_place = [[هادرزفیلد]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Profiles: Adam Smith |url=http://www.chesterfield-fc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10435~21797,00.html |publisher=Chesterfield F.C. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314032419/http://www.chesterfield-fc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0%2C%2C10435~21797%2C00.html |archivedate=14 March 2012 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> | position = [[Midfielder#Winger|Winger]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2001 | youthclubs1 = [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]] | years1 = 2001–2008 | clubs1 = [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]] | caps1 = 66 | goals1 = 3 | years2 = 2008 | clubs2 = → [[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]] (loan) | caps2 = 4 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2008–2009 | clubs3 = [[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] | caps3 = 13 | goals3 = 2 | years4 = 2008–2009 | clubs4 = → [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 2 | years5 = 2009–2010 | clubs5 = [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] | caps5 = 37 | goals5 = 2 | years6 = 2010–2012 | clubs6 = [[Mansfield Town F.C.|Mansfield Town]] | caps6 = 43 | goals6 = 8 | years7 = 2011 | clubs7 = → [[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) | caps7 = 6 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2011–2012 | clubs8 = → [[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) | caps8 = 6 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2012–2013 | clubs9 = [[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]] | caps9 = 30 | goals9 = 1 | years10 = 2013–2015 | clubs10 = [[F.C. Halifax Town]] | caps10 = 80 | goals10 = 4 | years11 = 2015–2016 | clubs11 = [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] | caps11 = 12 | goals11 = 1 | years12 = 2015–2016 | clubs12 = → [[Guiseley A.F.C.|Guiseley]] (loan) | caps12 = 8 | goals12 = 0 | years13 = 2016 | clubs13 = [[Guiseley A.F.C.|Guiseley]] | caps13 = 10 | goals13 = 1 | years14 = 2016–2018 | clubs14 = [[Alfreton Town F.C.|Alfreton Town]] | caps14 = 15 | goals14 = 4 | years15 = 2018 | clubs15 = [[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] | caps15 = 1 | goals15 = 0 | years16 = 2018 | clubs16 = [[Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.|Bradford Park Avenue]] | caps16 = 7 | goals16 = 0 | years17 = 2018 | clubs17 = [[Matlock Town F.C.|Matlock Town]] | caps17 = | goals17 = | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 18:05, 4 October 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }} '''آدام اسمیت''' (فوتبالیست، دوغوم فوریه ۱۹۸۵) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Adam Smith (footballer, born February 1985)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1985|2|20|df=y}} [[هادرزفیلد]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[هافبک]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=8|[[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]] |[[2001–02 Chesterfield F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102>{{soccerbase season|33369|2001|accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref> |[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2002–03 Chesterfield F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref name=sb0203>{{soccerbase season|33369|2002|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> |Second Division |0||0||0||0||0||0||1{{efn|name=FLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||1||0 |- |[[2003–04 Chesterfield F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref name=sb0304>{{soccerbase season|33369|2003|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> |Second Division |3||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||3||0 |- |[[2004–05 Chesterfield F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405>{{soccerbase season|33369|2004|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |16||0||1||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=FLT}}||0||19||0 |- |[[2005–06 Chesterfield F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{soccerbase season|33369|2005|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> |League One |26||3||1||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=FLT}}||0||29||3 |- |[[2006–07 Chesterfield F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607>{{soccerbase season|33369|2006|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> |League One |13||0||1||0||1||0||2{{efn|name=FLT}}||1||17||1 |- |[[2007–08 Chesterfield F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=Sky0809>{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2008–2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_2008 |year=2008 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7553-1820-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_2008/page/150 150]–151, 598, 614}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |8||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||10||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !66||3||4||0||4||0||5||1||79||4 |- |[[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Lincoln City F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{soccerbase season|33369|2007|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> |League Two |4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[Gainsborough Trinity F.C.|Gainsborough Trinity]] |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference North|2008–09]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2010">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/218 218]–219}}</ref> |[[National League North|Conference North]] |13||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|One appearance and one goal in [[Conference League Cup]], one appearance in [[FA Trophy]]}}||1||16||3 |- |rowspan=3|[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] |[[2008–09 York City F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="2008-09">{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |pages=162–163}}<br />{{cite news |first=Dave |last=Flett |title=York City's Angel of the North Richard Brodie fires tenth goal in ten games to seal Lewes win |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/sport/4057676.York_City_3__Lewes_0/ |newspaper=The Press |location=York |date=19 January 2009 |accessdate=5 January 2017}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |17||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||17||2 |- |[[2009–10 York City F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="2009-10">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2010 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-68-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/160 160]–161}}<br />{{cite news |first=Dave |last=Flett |title=Stevenage 1, York City 0 |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/sport/8120537.Stevenage_1__York_City_0/ |newspaper=The Press |location=York |date=26 April 2010 |accessdate=14 June 2015}}</ref> |Conference Premier |27||2||2||0||colspan=2|—||5{{efn|Four appearances in FA Trophy, one in Conference Premier play-offs}}||0||34||2 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !44||4||2||0||colspan=2|—||5||0||51||4 |- |rowspan=3|[[Mansfield Town F.C.|Mansfield Town]] |[[2010–11 Mansfield Town F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |Conference Premier |31||6||2||0||colspan=2|—||5{{efn|name=FAT|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}}||0||38||6 |- |[[2011–12 Mansfield Town F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |Conference Premier |12||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||12||2 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !43||8||2||0||colspan=2|—||5||0||50||8 |- |[[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (بوْرچ) |[[2011–12 Aldershot Town F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{soccerbase season|50675|2011|accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref> |League Two |12||0||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||14||0 |- |Lincoln City |[[2012–13 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2012–13]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |Conference Premier |30||1||6||1||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|name=FAT}}||0||37||2 |- |rowspan=3|[[F.C. Halifax Town]] |[[2013–14 F.C. Halifax Town season|2013–14]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |Conference Premier |40||3||1||0||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|One appearance in FA Trophy, two in Conference Premier play-offs}}||0||44||3 |- |[[2014–15 F.C. Halifax Town season|2014–15]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |Conference Premier |40||1||3||2||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|name=FAT}}||0||46||3 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !80||4||4||2||colspan=2|—||6||0||90||6 |- |[[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] |[[2015–16 National League#National League|2015–16]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |[[National League (division)|National League]] |12||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||12||1 |- |rowspan=3|[[Guiseley A.F.C.|Guiseley]] |2015–16<ref name=Soccerway/> |National League |11||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|name=FAT}}||0||12||0 |- |[[2016–17 National League#National League|2016–17]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |National League |7||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||7||1 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !18||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0||19||1 |- |rowspan=3|[[Alfreton Town F.C.|Alfreton Town]] |[[2016–17 National League#National League North|2016–17]]<ref name=Soccerway/><ref>{{cite news |title=Alfreton Town and Gainsborough play out bore draw in FA Trophy |url=https://www.chad.co.uk/sport/football/non-league/alfreton-town-and-gainsborough-play-out-bore-draw-in-fa-trophy-1-8261226 |newspaper=Mansfield and Ashfield Chad |date=27 November 2016 |accessdate=30 May 2018 |archive-date=2018-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816144845/https://www.chad.co.uk/sport/football/non-league/alfreton-town-and-gainsborough-play-out-bore-draw-in-fa-trophy-1-8261226 |url-status=dead }}<br>{{cite news |title=Westcarr thwarts Trinity as Alfreton win Trophy replay |url=https://www.chad.co.uk/sport/football/non-league/westcarr-thwarts-trinity-as-alfreton-win-trophy-replay-1-8268759 |newspaper=Mansfield and Ashfield Chad |date=1 December 2016 |accessdate=30 May 2018 }}</ref> |[[National League North]] |7||3||3||0||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|name=FAT}}||0||13||3 |- |[[2017–18 National League#National League North|2017–18]]<ref name=Soccerway/><ref>{{cite web |title=FA Cup 2nd Q Round: Alfreton Town 2 AFC Rushden & Diamonds 2 |url=http://www.afcdiamonds.com/fa-cup-2nd-q-round-alfreton-town-2-afc-rushden-diamonds-2 |publisher=AFC Rushden & Diamonds |date=17 September 2017 |accessdate=26 September 2017 }}<br />{{cite web |title=FA Cup: AFC Rushden & Diamonds 1 Alfreton Town 3 |url=http://www.afcdiamonds.com/fa-cup-afc-rushden-diamonds-1-alfreton-town-3 |publisher=AFC Rushden & Diamonds |date=20 September 2017 |accessdate=26 September 2017 }}<br />{{cite web |title=Stourbridge 3–1 Alfreton Town |url=http://www.alfretontownfc.com/news/Stourbridge-3-1-Alfreton-Town-3415.htm |publisher=Alfreton Town F.C. |date=1 October 2017 |accessdate=3 October 2017 |archivedate=2018-06-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010519/http://www.alfretontownfc.com/news/Stourbridge-3-1-Alfreton-Town-3415.htm }}<br />{{cite web |title=Trophy: Alfreton Town 0–2 Altrincham |url=http://www.alfretontownfc.com/news/FA-Trophy:-Alfreton-Town-0-2-Altrincham-3468.htm |publisher=Alfreton Town F.C. |date=28 November 2017 |accessdate=13 December 2017 |archivedate=2018-06-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010634/http://www.alfretontownfc.com/news/FA-Trophy:-Alfreton-Town-0-2-Altrincham-3468.htm }}</ref> |National League North |8||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||10||1 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !15||4||5||0||colspan=2|—||3||0||23||4 |- |Gainsborough Trinity |2017–18<ref name=Soccerway/> |National League North |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0||1||0 |- |[[Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.|Bradford Park Avenue]] |2017–18<ref name=Soccerway>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/smith-smith/66664/ |title=A. Smith: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=11 May 2018 |archivedate=2018-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230057/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/smith-smith/66664/ }}</ref> |National League North |7||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0||7||0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !345||27||25||3||5||0||28||2||403||32 |} {{notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Adam Smith (footballer, born February 1985) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] rgabvwgwdkxzle6ybbj6znewkg6zo3m 0 494195 1590546 1544302 2026-07-13T09:50:59Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Simon Eastwood | image = Simon Eastwood.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Eastwood playing for [[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] in 2015 | fullname = Simon Christopher Eastwood<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n133 132]}}</ref> | birth_date = {{دوغوم تاریخی ایله یاش|1989|6|26|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman1011/> | birth_place = [[لوتون]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=2}}<ref name=Hugman1011/> | position = [[قولر]] | currentclub = [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] | clubnumber = 1 | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C. Reserves and Academy|Huddersfield Town]] | years1 = 2007–2010 | clubs1 = [[هادرزفیلد تاون فوتبال کولوبو|هادرزفیلد تاون]] | caps1 = 1 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2008–2009 | clubs2 = → [[Woking F.C.|Woking]] (loan) | caps2 = 12 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2009 | clubs3 = → [[برادفورد سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|برادفورد سیتی]] (loan) | caps3 = 22 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2010–2011 | clubs4 = [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] | caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2011–2012 | clubs5 = [[F.C. Halifax Town]] | caps5 = 39 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[پورتسموث فوتبال کولوبو|پورتسموث]] | caps6 = 27 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2013–2016 | clubs7 = [[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] | caps7 = 13 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2016– | clubs8 = [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] | caps8 = 143 | goals8 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2007 | nationalteam1 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2007 | nationalteam2 = [[England national under-19 football team|England U19]] | nationalcaps2 = 1 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | club-update = 18:58, 24 November 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }} '''سیمون استوود''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Simon Eastwood) اینگیلیسلی فوتبال اوْیونچوسو. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[قوْلر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ اوْیونلاری و قوْلاری |- !rowspan=2|تیم !rowspan=2|فصل !colspan=3|لیگ !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !Division!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=4|[[هادرزفیلد تاون فوتبال کولوبو|هادرزفیلد تاون]] |[[2007–08 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2007|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2008–09 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2008|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |League One |1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0 |- |[[2009–10 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2009|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |League One |0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0 |- |[[Woking F.C.|Woking]] (loan) |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2008–09]]<ref name=NLCD2010>{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/414 414]–415}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |12||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2{{Efn|One appearance in [[FA Trophy]], one in [[Conference League Cup]]}}||0||14||0 |- |[[برادفورد سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|برادفورد سیتی]] (loan) |[[2009–10 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |22||0||1||0||1||0||4{{Efn|name=FLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||28||0 |- |[[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] |[[2010–11 Oxford United F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2010|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |League Two |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[F.C. Halifax Town]] |[[2011–12 Football Conference#Conference North|2011–12]]<ref name=NLCD2013>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike |year=2012 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-77-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike/page/202 202]–203}}</ref> |[[National League North|Conference North]] |39||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||4{{Efn|Two appearances in FA Trophy, two in Conference North play-offs}}||0||46||0 |- |[[پورتسموث فوتبال کولوبو|پورتسموث]] |[[2012–13 Portsmouth F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2012|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |League One |27||0||1||0||1||0||1{{Efn|name=FLT}}||0||30||0 |- |rowspan=4|[[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] |[[2013–14 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2013|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |7||0||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||9||0 |- |[[2014–15 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2014|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |Championship |6||0||5||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||11||0 |- |[[2015–16 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2015|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |Championship |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !13!!0!!6!!0!!1!!0!!colspan=2|—!!20!!0 |- |rowspan=5|Oxford United |[[2016–17 Oxford United F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2016|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> |League One |46||0||6||0||2||0||8{{Efn|name=EFLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy]]}}||0||62||0 |- |[[2017–18 Oxford United F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2017|accessdate=5 May 2018}}</ref> |League One |46||0||1||0||1||0||4{{Efn|name=EFLT}}||0||52||0 |- |[[2018–19 Oxford United F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2018|accessdate=6 May 2019}}</ref> |League One |34||0||4||0||0||0||4{{Efn|name=EFLT}}||0||42||0 |- |[[2019–20 Oxford United F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref name=sb1920>{{Soccerbase season|43400|2019|accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref> |League One |17||0||2||0||4||0||1{{Efn|name=EFLT}}||0||24||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !143!!0!!13!!0!!7!!0!!17!!0!!180!!0 |- !colspan=3|Career توْپلام !257!!0!!24!!0!!10!!0!!28!!0!!319!!0 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Simon Eastwood | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 3ekwyviffqinowrpvfx47hjiuun6kyh 0 516152 1590491 1257456 2026-07-12T17:55:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = The Harvey Girls | image = Harvey Girls poster.jpg | image_size = 225px | caption = theatrical poster | director = [[George Sidney]]<br>[[Robert Alton]] ''(musical number)'' | producer = [[ارتور فرید]] | based on = {{Based on|''[[The Harvey Girls (novel)|The Harvey Girls]]''<br>1942 novel|[[Samuel Hopkins Adams]]}} | story = [[Eleanore Griffin]]<br>William Rankin | screenplay = Edmund Beloin<br>Nathaniel Curtis<br>[[Harry Crane]]<br>James O'Hanlon<br>[[Samson Raphaelson]] | writer = [[Kay Van Riper]] ''(additional dialogue)'' | starring = [[جودی قارلند]] | music = [[هری وارن]] ''(music)''<br>[[جانی مرسر]] ''(lyrics)''<br>[[Lennie Hayton]] ''(score)'' | cinematography = [[George Folsey (cinematographer)|George J. Folsey]] | editing = Albert Akst | studio = [[مترو قلدوین مایر]] | distributor = Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | released = {{Film date|1946|01|18}} | runtime = 102 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $2,931,000<ref name="Mannix">{{Cite journal| title = MGM film grosses, 1924–1948: The Eddie Mannix Ledger | url = https://archive.org/details/historical-journal-of-film-radio-and-television_1992_12_2/page/127 | journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television | volume=12 | issue=2 | pages=127–144 | author=Glancy, H. Mark |date=1992| doi=10.1080/01439689200260081 }}</ref> | gross= }} '''هاروی قیزلاری''' ({{Lang-en|The Harvey Girls}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینده]] [[اینگیلیس دیلی]]نده دۇزلمیش رومانتیک کومدی فیلم. فیلمین موسیقیسین [[هری وارن]] یارادیب. ۱۹۴۶ میلادی ایلینده ۲ بؤلومده [[اوسکار جایزه‌سی|اوسکارا]] نامیزد اوْلموش و ۱ جایزه‌یه لایق گؤرولموش‌دور. ==گؤرونتولر== <gallery> file:Judy Garland John Hodiak The Harvey Girls.jpg </gallery> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =The Harvey Girls | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:آمریکا فیلملری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رومانلارینا اساسلانان فیلملر]] [[بؤلمه:جرج سیدنینین فیلملری]] [[بؤلمه:مترو قلدوین مایر فیلملری]] 6qcsw6a1o1elwb4u439mhldj5rsoliv 0 570146 1590539 1397307 2026-07-12T23:27:43Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name=Norwood, Arkansas |settlement_type=[[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]] <!-- Images --> |image_skyline=Norwood School (Norwood, Arkansas).jpg |imagesize= |image_caption=Former [[Norwood School (Norwood, Arkansas)|Norwood School]], September 2011 <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name={{USA}} |subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1={{flag|Arkansas}} |subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Arkansas|County]] |subdivision_name2=[[Benton County, Arkansas|Benton]] |subdivision_type3=[[List of Arkansas townships|Township]] |subdivision_name3=[[Township 13, Benton County, Arkansas|13]] |established_title= |established_date= |population_footnotes= |unit_pref=US <!-- General information --> |timezone=[[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central (CST)]] |utc_offset=-6 |timezone_DST=CDT |utc_offset_DST=-5 |elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |title=Norwood, Arkansas |url=http://www.histopolis.com/Place/US/AR/Benton_County/Norwood |publisher=Histopolis |accessdate=11 September 2011 |archivedate=2016-03-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232611/http://www.histopolis.com/Place/US/AR/Benton_County/Norwood }}</ref> |elevation_ft= |elevation_m=355 |pushpin_map=Arkansas |pushpin_map_caption=Norwood's position in Arkansas. |coordinates={{coord|36|7|7|N|94|27|41|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]] |postal_code=72704 |area_code=[[Area code 479|479]] |blank_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank_info=75932 |website= |footnotes={{gnis|75932}} }} نوروود ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Norwood, Arkansas) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] [[آرکانزاس ایالتی|آرکانزاس]] ایالتینده یئرلشن بیر یاشاییش منطقه‌سی. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Norwood, Arkansas | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:آمریکا شهرلری]] j60us9wa0vlncdyow5i4yoou05xpqg8 0 578975 1590540 1395755 2026-07-13T02:18:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name=Habberton, Arkansas |settlement_type=[[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]] <!-- Images --> |image_skyline= |imagesize= |image_caption= <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name={{USA}} |subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1={{flag|Arkansas}} |subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Arkansas|County]] |subdivision_name2=[[Washington County, Arkansas|Washington]] |subdivision_type3=[[List of Arkansas townships|Township]] |subdivision_name3=[[Prairie Township, Washington County, Arkansas|Prairie]] |established_title= |established_date= |population_footnotes= |unit_pref=US |area_footnotes=<ref>{{ cite web |title=Habberton, Arkansas |url=http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Wedington-Woods-Fayetteville-AR.html |publisher=Urban Mapping Inc. |accessdate=2 September 2011 }}</ref> <!-- General information --> |timezone=[[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central (CST)]] |utc_offset=-6 |timezone_DST=CDT |utc_offset_DST=-5 |elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |title=Habberton, Arkansas |url=http://www.histopolis.com/Place/US/AR/Washington_County/Habberton |publisher=Histopolis |accessdate=2011-09-22 |archivedate=2012-03-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327080839/http://www.histopolis.com/Place/US/AR/Washington_County/Habberton }}</ref> |elevation_ft= |elevation_m=391 |pushpin_map=Arkansas |pushpin_map_caption=Habberton' position in Arkansas. |coordinates={{coord|36|6|54|N|94|3|6|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]] |postal_code=72704 |area_code=[[Area code 479|479]] |blank_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank_info=77099 |website= |footnotes={{gnis|77099}} }} هابرتون ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Habberton, Arkansas) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] [[آرکانزاس ایالتی|آرکانزاس]] ایالتینده یئرلشن بیر یاشاییش منطقه‌سی. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Habberton, Arkansas | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:آمریکا شهرلری]] smjg6kiwvdx88ft9sunnrnc2bkmcdif 0 604392 1590495 1587918 2026-07-12T18:02:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Walt Disney | image = Walt Disney 1946.JPG | caption = Disney in 1946 | birth_name = Walter Elias Disney | birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|12|5}} | birth_place = [[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1966|12|15|1901|12|5}} | death_place = [[Burbank, California]], U.S. | title = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[The Walt Disney Company]]<ref>{{cite news|date=September 11, 1945|title= Disney to Quit Post at Studio|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/380710879/|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> | occupation = {{Flatlist| * Entrepreneur * animator * voice actor * film producer }} | relations = See [[Disney family]] | awards = {{Plainlist| * 26 [[Academy Awards]]<br />(22 competitive, 4 honorary) * 3 [[Golden Globe Award]]s * 1 [[Emmy Award]] }} | signature = Walt Disney 1942 signature.svg }} '''والتر الیاس «والت» دیزنی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Walter Elias "Walt" Disney}}) (دوغوم ۵ دسامبر ۱۹۰۱ [[شیکاقو]] – اؤلوم ۱۵ دسامبر ۱۹۶۶ [[کالیفورنیا]]) بیر [[آمریکا]]<nowiki>لی</nowiki> تاجیر، [[کاریکاتورچی]]، [[فیلم یؤنتمنی]]، [[سناریو‌یازان]] و [[دوبلور]] ایدی. والتین بؤیوک ایشلرینن [[میکی موس]] اثری دیر 1923ـ1933 [[آخچا قار قیز و 7 کوتول|آقچا قارلیق قیز و 7 کوتول]] و [[پینوکیو]] و چوخلی اثرلر. ==قالری== <gallery> فایل:Walt Disney NYWTS.jpg|بندانگشتی|والت دیزنی فایل:Walt Disney Concert Hall, LA, CA, jjron 22.03.2012.jpg|بندانگشتی|والت دیزنی کنسرت سالونو فایل:Mickey Mouse star in Walk of Fame.jpg|بندانگشتی|میکی موس فایل:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs trailer (1937).webm|بندانگشتی|آقچا قارلیق و 7 کوتول فایل:Pinocchio paradox.png|بندانگشتی|پینوکیو </gallery> ==اتک یازیلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} ==قایناقلار== * {{cite book|last1=Barrier|first1=J. Michael|author-link=Michael Barrier|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDJXnzMh7bkC&pg=PP1|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-503759-3}} * {{cite book|last1=Barrier|first1=J. Michael|author-link=Michael Barrier|title=The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney|year=2007|publisher=University of California Press|location=Oakland, CA|isbn=978-0-520-24117-6|url=https://archive.org/details/animatedmanlifeo00barr|url-access=registration|quote=Buckaroo Bugs'.}} * {{cite book|last=Beard|first=Richard R.|title=Walt Disney's EPCOT Center: Creating the New World of Tomorrow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpzpAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Harry N. Abrams|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-8109-0821-5}} * {{cite book|last=Broggie|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Broggie|title=Walt Disney's Railroad Story: The Small-Scale Fascination That Led to a Full-Scale Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BupsDEZOLYUC&pg=PP1|year=2006|publisher=Carolwood Pacific|location=Marceline, MO|isbn=978-0-9758584-2-4}} * {{cite book|last=Canemaker|first=John|title=Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxYRAQAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Disney Editions|location=Burbank, CA|isbn=978-0-7868-6496-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Ceplair|first1=Larry|last2=Englund|first2=Steven|title=The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930–1960|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HvC3WaGZF3UC|year=1983|publisher=University of California Press|location=Oakland, CA|isbn=978-0-520-04886-7}} * {{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Karl F.|title=Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXhzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|year=2004|publisher=McFarland|location= Jefferson, NC|isbn=978-1-4766-0725-2}} * {{cite book|last=Dobson|first=Nichola|title=Historical Dictionary of Animation and Cartoons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONfIedLRIZMC&pg=PP1|year=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Plymouth, Devon|isbn=978-0-8108-6323-1}} * {{cite book|last=Eliot|first=Marc|title=Walt Disney: Hollywood's Dark Prince|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fn_WAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=André Deutsch|location=London|isbn=978-0-233-98961-7}} * {{cite book|last1=Finch|first1=Christopher|title=The Art of Walt Disney from Mickey Mouse to the Magic Kingdom|url=https://archive.org/details/artofwaltdisney0000chri|year=1999|publisher=Virgin Books|location=London|isbn=978-0-7535-0344-7}} * {{cite book|last=Gabler|first=Neal|author-link=Neal Gabler|title=Walt Disney: The Biography|year=2006|publisher=Aurum|location=London|isbn=978-1-84513-277-4}} * {{cite book|last1=Hollis|first1=Tim|last2=Ehrbar|first2=Greg|title=Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdpWCTdb-IC&pg=PP1|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson, MS|isbn=978-1-61703-433-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Korkis|first1=Jim|title=Who's Afraid of the Song of the South?|year=2012|publisher=Theme Park Press|location=Dallas, TX|isbn=978-0-9843415-5-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/whosafraidofsong0000kork}} * {{cite book|last=Krasniewicz|first=Louise|title=Walt Disney: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZ3vTgpHgFoC&pg=PP1|year=2010|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-0-313-35830-2}} * {{cite journal|last=Langer|first=Mark|title=Disney, Walt|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-00309.html|journal=American National Biography|access-date=April 11, 2016|year=2000}} {{subscription}} * {{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Newton|author-link1=Newton Lee|last2=Madej|first2=Krystina|title=Disney Stories: Getting to Digital|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9GVJJqNjGAC&pg=PR4|year=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=Tujunga, CA|isbn=978-1-4614-2101-6}} * {{cite book|last=Mannheim|first=Steve|title=Walt Disney and the Quest for Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfufCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=978-1-317-00058-7}} * {{cite book|last=Mosley|first=Leonard|author-link=Leonard Mosley|title=Disney's World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eaKoZtJqPc0C&pg=PP1|year=1990|publisher=Scarborough House|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-1-58979-656-0}} * {{cite book|last=Nichols|first=Catherine|title=Alice's Wonderland: A Visual Journey Through Lewis Carroll's Mad, Mad World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPPUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|year=2014|publisher=Race Point Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-1-937994-97-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Norman|first1=Floyd|author-link=Floyd Norman|title=Animated Life: A Lifetime of Tips, Tricks, Techniques and Stories from a Disney Legend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRz1f96psuwC&pg=PP1|year=2013|publisher=Focal Press|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-0-240-81805-4}} * {{cite journal|last1=Painter|first1=Nell Irvin|title=Was Marie White? The Trajectory of a Question in the United States|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-southern-history_2008-02_74_1/page/n4|journal=The Journal of Southern History|date=February 2008|volume=74|issue=1|pages=3–30}} * {{cite book|last=Pierce|first=John J.|title=Foundations of Science Fiction: A Study in Imagination and Evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofsci00pier|url-access=registration|year=1987|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|isbn=978-0-313-25455-0}} * {{cite book|last1=Schickel|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Schickel|title=The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3yY3AQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Pavilion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-85145-007-7}} * {{cite book|last=Schmadel|first=Lutz D.|title=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names|year=2003|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=Heidelberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoJ5nUyIzCsC&pg=PP1|isbn=978-3-540-00238-3}} * {{cite book|last=Telotte|first=Jay P.|title=The Mouse Machine: Disney and Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6pA45zYWgYQC&pg=PP1|date=June 2, 2008|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana, IL|isbn=978-0-252-09263-3}} * {{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Bob|author-link=Bob Thomas (reporter)|title=Walt Disney: An American Original|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIElNyj_cJkC|publisher=Disney Editions|year=1994|orig-year=1976|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7868-6027-2}} * {{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Frank|author1-link=Frank Thomas (animator)|last2=Johnston|first2=Ollie|author2-link=Ollie Johnston|title=The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation|url=https://archive.org/details/illusionoflifedi0000thom|year=1995|orig-year=1981|location=New York|publisher=Hyperion|isbn=978-0-7868-6070-8}} * {{cite book|last=Tomlinson|first=John|title=Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CFMS0z5-gcC&pg=PP1|year=2001|publisher=A&C Black|location=London|isbn=978-0-8264-5013-5}} * {{cite journal|last1=Watts|first1=Steven|title=Walt Disney: Art and Politics in the American Century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1995-06_82_1/page/84|journal=The Journal of American History|date=June 1995|volume=82|issue=1|pages=84–110|jstor=2081916|doi=10.2307/2081916}} * {{cite book|last1=Watts|first1=Steven|title=The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6q6PinOBcQC&pg=PP1|year=2013|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia, MO|isbn=978-0-8262-7300-0}} * {{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Pat|last2=Denney|first2=James|last3=Denney|first3=Jim|title=How to Be Like Walt: Capturing the Disney Magic Every Day of Your Life|url=https://archive.org/details/howtobelikewalt0000will|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Health Communications|location=Deerfield Beach, FL|isbn=978-0-7573-0231-2}} * {{cite book|last=Withrow|first=Steven|title=Secrets of Digital Animation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XojpGlFvAq0C&pg=PP1|year=2009|publisher=RotoVision|location=Mies, Switzerland|isbn=978-2-88893-014-3}} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * {{IMDb name|370|Walt Disney}} * {{Tcmdb name}} * [http://www.waltdisney.org/ The Walt Disney Family Museum] * [http://www.thewaltdisneybirthplace.org/ The Walt Disney Birthplace] * {{The Interviews people|walt-disney}} * [https://vault.fbi.gov/walter-elias-disney FBI Records: The Vault – Walter Elias Disney] from the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] {{S-start}} {{s-bef|before=none}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Mickey Mouse|Voice of Mickey Mouse]]|years=1928–1947; 1955–1959}} {{s-aft|after=[[Jimmy MacDonald (sound effects artist)|James MacDonald]]}} {{S-end}} {{Navboxes | title = Awards for Walt Disney | list = {{Academy Honorary Award}} {{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1952–1975}} {{Honorary César}} {{Thalberg Award}} {{1986 Television Hall of Fame}} {{Winsor McCay Award 1970s}} }} {{Subject bar | portal1 = Animation | portal2 = Biography | portal3 = Disney | portal4 = Film | portal5 = Greater Los Angeles | portal6 = Television | portal7 = United States | commons = y | d = Q8704 | q = y}} {{authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} riu37ql8g0l4oege2svlf8muv1eard1 0 604427 1590442 1525645 2026-07-12T16:29:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''معریفت بیلیمی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Epistemology}} ؛ [[قدیم یونان دیلی|قدیم یونانجا]]:ἐπιστήμη — بیلیک,باجاریق و λόγος — علم)، [[فلسفه]]‌<nowiki>نین</nowiki> بیر بوداغی‌دیر. بۇ بیلیم تانیتیم، معریفت و مووجه اینانج‌لاری آراشدیریر. بو بیلیمده بیر بیلیمین دوغال یوخسا طبیعتی ، اصل و آماجی آراشدیریلیر. ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} <!-- Please order books alphabetically by the author's last name --> * {{cite journal | last = Annis | first = David | year = 1978 | title = A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-philosophical-quarterly_1978-07_15_3/page/213 | journal = American Philosophical Quarterly | volume = 15 | pages = 213–219 }} * [[Alfred Jules Ayer|Ayer, Alfred Jules]]. 1936. ''[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]''. * BonJour, Laurence. 2002. ''Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses''. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. * [[Luc Bovens|Bovens, Luc]] & [[Stephan Hartmann|Hartmann, Stephan]]. 2003. ''Bayesian Epistemology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * [[Panayot Butchvarov|Butchvarov, Panayot]]. 1970. ''The Concept of Knowledge''. Evanston, Northwestern University Press. * {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/00048409812348411 | last = Cohen | first = Stewart | year = 1998 | title = Contextualist Solutions to Epistemological Problems: Skepticism, Gettier, and the Lottery | url = https://archive.org/details/australasian-journal-of-philosophy_1998-06_76_2/page/289 | journal = Australasian Journal of Philosophy | volume = 76 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–306 }} * Cohen, Stewart. 1999. "Contextualism, Skepticism, and Reasons", in Tomberlin 1999. * [[Jonathan Dancy|Dancy, Jonathan]]. 1991. ''An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology'' (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons. {{ISBN|0-631-13622-3}} * {{cite journal | last1 = DeRose | first1 = Keith | author-link = Keith DeRose | year = 1992 | title = Contextualism and Knowledge Attributions | journal = Philosophy and Phenomenological Research | volume = 15 | pages = 213–219 }} * DeRose, Keith. 1999. "[https://fitelson.org/epistemology/derose.pdf Contextualism: An Explanation and Defense]", in Greco and Sosa 1999. * [[René Descartes|Descartes, Rene]]. 1641. ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]'' * Feldman, Richard. 1999. "Contextualism and Skepticism", in Tomberlin 1999, pp.&nbsp;91–114. * [[Edmund Gettier|Gettier, Edmund]]. 1963. "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", ''Analysis'', Vol. 23, pp.&nbsp;121–123. [http://www.ditext.com/gettier/gettier.html Online text]. * Greco, J. & Sosa, E. 1999. ''Blackwell Guide to Epistemology'', Blackwell Publishing. * [[Errol Harris|Harris, Errol E.]] 1970. ''Hypothesis And Perception'', George Allen and Unwin, London, Reprinted 2002 Routledge, London. * {{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-9205.1989.tb00275.x | last1 = Harwood | first1 = Sterling | year = 1989 | title = Taking Skepticism Seriously – And In Context | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_philosophical-investigations_1989-07_12_3/page/223 | journal = Philosophical Investigations | volume = 12 | issue = 3 |pages = 223–233 }} * Hay, Clare. 2008. ''The Theory of Knowledge: A Coursebook'', The Lutterworth Press, Cambridge. {{ISBN|978-0-7188-3088-5}} * Hawthorne, John. 2005. "The Case for Closure", ''Contemporary Debates in Epistemology'', Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (ed.): 26–43. * [[Vincent F. Hendricks|Hendricks, Vincent F]]. 2006. ''Mainstream and Formal Epistemology'', New York: [[Cambridge University Press]]. * [[Kant, Immanuel]]. 1781. ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''. * Keeton, Morris T. 1962. "Empiricism", in ''Dictionary of Philosophy'', Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ, pp.&nbsp;89–90. * [[Richard Kirkham|Kirkham, Richard]]. 1984. "Does the Gettier Problem Rest on a Mistake?" ''Mind'', 93. * [[Peter D. Klein|Klein, Peter]]. 1981. ''Certainty: a Refutation of Skepticism'', Minneapolis, MN: [[University of Minnesota Press]]. * [[Henry E. Kyburg, Jr.|Kyburg, H.E.]] 1961. ''Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief'', Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. * [[Alfred Korzybski|Korzybski, Alfred]]. 1994 (1933). ''Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics'', Fifth Edition. Ft. Worth, TX: Institute of General Semantics. * {{cite journal | doi = 10.1080/00048409612347521 | last1 = Lewis | first1 = David | author-link = David Kellogg Lewis | year = 1996 | title = Elusive Knowledge | url = https://archive.org/details/australasian-journal-of-philosophy_1996-12_74_4/page/549 | journal =Australasian Journal of Philosophy| volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 549–567 }} * [[Edgar Morin|Morin, Edgar]]. 1986. ''La Méthode, Tome 3, La Connaissance de la connaissance'' (Method, 3rd volume : The knowledge of knowledge) * [[Adam Morton|Morton, Adam]]. 2002. ''A Guide Through the Theory of Knowledge'' (Third Edition) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. {{ISBN|1-4051-0012-5}} * Nelson, Quee. 2007. ''The Slightest Philosophy'', Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing, 296 pages. * [[Ilkka Niiniluoto|Niiniluoto, Ilkka]]. 2002. ''Critical Scientific Realism'', Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. * [[Plato]]. ''[[Meno]]''. * [[Karl Popper|Popper, Karl R.]] 1972. ''[https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=59ae71f3ed99e178ec7dd8b6&assetKey=AS%3A535179471343618%401504608137511 Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach]'', Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. * Preyer, G./Siebelt, F./Ulfig, A. 1994. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn-0OqnD04oC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Language, Mind and Epistemology]'', Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. * [[Bertrand Russell|Russell, Bertrand]]. 1912. ''The Problems of Philosophy'', New York: Oxford University Press. * [[Bertrand Russell|Russell, Bertrand]]. 1940. ''An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth'', Nottingham: Spokesman Books. * [[George Santayana|Santayana, George]]. 1923. ''[[Scepticism and Animal Faith]]'', New York: Charles Scribner's Sons – London: Constable and Co. * [[African Spir|Spir, African]]. 1877. ''Denken und Wirklichkeit: Versuch einer Erneuerung der kritischen Philosophie'' (Thought and Reality: Attempt at a Renewal of Critical Philosophy), (Second Edition) Leipzig: J.G. Findel. * {{cite journal | last = Schiffer | first = Stephen | author-link = Stephen Schiffer | year = 1996 | title = Contextualist Solutions to Skepticism | journal = Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society | volume = 96 | pages = 317–333 | doi = 10.1093/aristotelian/96.1.317 }} * Steup, Matthias. 2005. "Knowledge and Skepticism", ''Contemporary Debates in Epistemology'', Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (eds.): 1–13. * Tomberlin, James (ed.). 1999. ''Philosophical Perspectives 13, Epistemology'', Blackwell Publishing. * {{cite book | last = Turri | first = John | year = 2016 | title = Knowledge and the Norm of Assertion: An Essay in Philosophical Science. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers | url = http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/397/knowledge-and-the-norm-of-assertion--an-essay-in-philosophical-science | doi = 10.11647/OBP.0083 | isbn = 978-1-78374-183-0 | publisher = Open Book Publishers }} * [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein, Ludwig]]. 1922. ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]'', [[Frank P. Ramsey]] and [[C.K. Ogden]] (trns.), Dover. [http://www.kfs.org/~jonathan/witt/tlph.html Online text]. {{refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Sister project links |commonscat=yes |b=Category:Subject:Epistemology |c=Epistemology |d=Q9471 |m=no |mw=no |n=no |q=Epistemology |s=Category:Epistemology |species=no |v=Category:Epistemology |voy=no |wikt=epistemology}} {{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|wikititle=epistemology}} ;''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' articles * {{SEP|epistemology|Epistemology}} * {{SEP|epistemology-bayesian|Bayesian Epistemology}} * {{SEP|epistemology-evolutionary|Evolutionary Epistemology}} * {{SEP|feminism-epistemology|Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science}} * {{SEP|epistemology-naturalized|Naturalized Epistemology}} * {{SEP|epistemology-social|Social Epistemology}} * {{SEP|epistemology-virtue|Virtue Epistemology}} * {{SEP|knowledge-how|Knowledge How}} ;''Encyclopedia Britannica'' * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/epistemology Epistemology] by Avrum Stroll and A.P. Martinich ;Other links * The [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/LPSG/ London Philosophy Study Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923081848/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/LPSG/Language.htm |date=2009-09-23 }} offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject: [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/LPSG/Ep&Meth.htm Epistemology & Methodology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301033140/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/LPSG/Ep%26Meth.htm |date=2021-03-01 }} * {{PhilPapers|category|epistemology}} * [http://philpapers.org/browse/knowledge-how/ Knowledge-How] at Philpapers * {{InPho|taxonomy|2374}} * [http://pantheon.yale.edu/~kd47/What-Is-Epistemology.htm What Is Epistemology?] – a brief introduction to the topic by Keith DeRose. * [http://dostoevskiansmiles.blogspot.com/2008/10/justified-true-belief-and-critical.html Justified True Belief and Critical Rationalism] by Mathew Toll * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050128145134/http://www.galilean-library.org/int5.html Epistemology Introduction, Part 1] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20051222135250/http://www.galilean-library.org/int20.html Part 2] by Paul Newall at the Galilean Library. * [http://www.ditext.com/clay/know.html ''Teaching Theory of Knowledge'' (1986)] – Marjorie Clay (ed.), an electronic publication from The Council for Philosophical Studies. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080602203415/http://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43784 An Introduction to Epistemology] by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners. * {{YouTube|lI9-YgSzsEQ|A short film about epistemology, for beginners}} {{epistemology}} {{Navboxes |title = Articles related to epistemology |list = {{Philosophy topics}} {{philosophy of science}} {{Positivism}} {{Jurisprudence}} }} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:فلسفه]] cn2wx3fneu1fkxtprri0airc02wn6xw 0 605181 1590440 1540296 2026-07-12T16:25:50Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher | name = لودویق ویتگنشتاین | image = Ludwig Wittgenstein 1929.jpg | caption = Portrait of Wittgenstein on being awarded a [[scholarship]] from [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], 1929 | birth_name = Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|df=yes|1889|04|26}} | birth_place = [[:de:Neuwaldegg]], [[وین]], [[اوتریش-ماجاریستان]] | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|df=yes|1951|04|29|1889|04|26}} | death_place = [[کمبریج]], [[Cambridgeshire]], England | nationality = {{Unbulleted list|Austrian (until 1939)|<ref name="German nationality">Legally, German from 3 July 1938: [http://www.documentarchiv.de/ns/1938/deutsche-staatsangehoerigkeit-oest_vo.html ''Verordnung über die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit im Lande Österreich'', 3 July 1938].<!--from wp:de, Österreichische Staatsbürgerschaft#"Anschlusss", 1938--></ref>|British (from 1939)}} | education = {{Plainlist| * [[تکنیکال برلین بیلیم‌یوردو]] <small>([[Diplom#Germany|Diplom]], 1908)</small> * [[Victoria University of Manchester]] <small>(PhD, not completed)</small> * [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] <small>(PhD, 1929)</small> }} | thesis_title = Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | thesis_url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus | thesis_year = 1929 | doctoral_advisor = [[برتراند راسل]] | notable_students = [[G. E. M. Anscombe]], [[Rush Rhees]], [[Casimir Lewy]],<ref>[[P. M. S. Hacker]], ''Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy'' (1996), pp. 77 and 138.</ref> [[روبن ترستاین]],<ref>Nuno Venturinha, ''The Textual Genesis of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations'', Routledge, 2013, p. 39.</ref> [[Norman Malcolm]] | notable_works = ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]''<br />''[[Philosophical Investigations]]'' | signature = [[File:Ludwig Wittgenstein signature.svg|125px]] | era = [[20th-century philosophy]] | region = [[Western philosophy]] | school_tradition = {{Unbulleted list|[[آنالیتیک فلسفه]]|[[Anti-foundationalism]]<ref>{{cite SEP|last=Rodych|first=Victor|title=Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mathematics|edition=Spring 2018|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url-id=wittgenstein-mathematics}}</ref>|[[Correspondence theory of truth]]<ref>{{cite SEP|last=David|first=Marian|title=The Correspondence Theory of Truth|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Winter 2020|url-id=truth-correspondence}}</ref>|[[Linguistic turn]]|[[Logical atomism]]|[[Logical behaviorism]]<ref>{{cite SEP|last=Graham|first=George|title=Behaviorism|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Spring 2019|url-id=behaviorism}}</ref>}} | institutions = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] | main_interests = [[منطیق]], [[metaphysics]], [[philosophy of language]], [[philosophy of mathematics]], [[philosophy of mind]], [[معریفت بیلیمی]], [[aesthetics]] | notable_ideas = {{Collapsible list|title={{nothing}}| [[Elementary propositions]]|[[Family resemblance]]|[[Forms of life]]|[[آنالیتیک فلسفه]]|[[Language-games]]|[[Logical necessity]]|[[Ordinary language philosophy]]|[[Picture theory of language]]|[[Private language argument]]|[[Quietism (philosophy)|Quietism]]|[[Rule-following]]|[[States of affairs]]|[[Truth functions]]|[[Truth table]]s|[[Use theory of meaning]]|[[Wittgenstein's ladder]]|[[Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics]]|[[Wittgenstein's rod]]|[[Fideism#Wittgenstein and fideism|Wittgensteinian fideism]] }} | influences = [[Arthur Schopenhauer]], [[اسوالد اشپنقلر]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/wittgenstein-reads-weininger/|title=Wittgenstein Reads Weininger|website=ndpr.nd.edu|access-date=4 February 2021}}</ref> [[قوتلوب فرقه]], [[یوهان ولفقانق فون قؤته]], [[Søren Kierkegaard]], [[فیودور داستایفسکی]], [[G. E. Moore]], [[Frank P. Ramsey]], [[لودویق بولتسمان]], [[William James]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Numbiola |first1=Jamie |title=Ludwig Wittgenstein and William James |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/NUBLWA |journal=Streams of William James |date=Fall 2000 |volume=2 |issue=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=von Wright |first=G. H.|title=Letters to Russell, Keynes and Moore. |date=1974 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford |page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Goodman|first=Russell B.|title=Wittgenstein and William James|date=2002|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge U.P.|isbn=978-0521038874|page=5}}</ref> [[Karl Kraus (writer)|Karl Kraus]], [[Augustine of Hippo]], [[Adolf Loos]], [[Piero Sraffa]], [[Otto Weininger]], [[برتراند راسل]], [[لئو تولستوی]], [[لویتسن اخبرتوس یان براوئر]], [[هاینریش هرتز]], [[جرج کریستف لیختنبرق]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faculty.education.illinois.edu/burbules/syllabi/Materials/Wittgenstein_as_Engineer.html|title=Wittgenstein as Engineer|website=faculty.education.illinois.edu|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210153804/http://faculty.education.illinois.edu/burbules/syllabi/Materials/Wittgenstein_as_Engineer.html|archive-date=10 February 2018|url-status=dead|accessdate=2022-02-08|archivedate=2018-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210153804/http://faculty.education.illinois.edu/burbules/syllabi/Materials/Wittgenstein_as_Engineer.html}}</ref> [[هرمان فون هلمهولتز]],<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.shpsa.2009.07.004 |title=Signs, toy models, and the a priori: From Helmholtz to Wittgenstein |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_studies-in-history-and-philosophy-of-science_2009-09_40_3/page/281 |year=2009 |last1=Patton |first1=Lydia |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=281–289 }}</ref> [[Johann Georg Hamann]] | influenced = [[Talal Asad]], [[برتراند راسل]], [[Norman Malcolm]], [[G. E. Moore]], [[Frank P. Ramsey]], [[Vienna Circle]], [[رودلف کارناپ]], [[آلن تورینق]], [[G. E. M. Anscombe]], [[Stephen Toulmin]], [[Crispin Wright]], [[Daniel Dennett]], [[Cora Diamond]], [[Alice Crary]], [[James F. Conant]], [[Gilbert Ryle]], [[Saul Kripke]], [[John Searle]], [[Hans Sluga]], [[Peter Hacker]], [[Paul Feyerabend]], [[Ian Hacking]], [[Jon Fosse]], [[Quentin Skinner]], [[نوآم چامسکی]], [[Thomas Kuhn]],<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Thomas S. Kuhn |first=Thomas S. |last=Kuhn |title=[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]] |location=Chicago and London |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1970 |edition=2nd |page=[https://archive.org/details/structurescienti00kuhn_549/page/n55 44] }}</ref> [[James Tully (philosopher)|James Tully]] | website = {{URL|wab.uib.no}}<br />{{URL|wittgen-cam.ac.uk}} | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = {{بایراق|Austria-Hungary}} | branch = [[Austro-Hungarian Army]] | serviceyears = 1914–1918 | rank = [[Lieutenant]] | unit = [[7th Army (Austria-Hungary)|Austrian 7th Army]] | battles = [[بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی]] | awards = - [[Military Merit Medal (Austria–Hungary)|Military Merit]] with Swords on the Ribbon<br />- [[Medal for Bravery (Austria-Hungary)|Silver Medal for Valour]], First Class<br />- Band of the Military Service Medal with Swords }} }} {{Wittgenstein}} '''لودویق ویتگنشتاین''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]: Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein) (۲۶ آپرئل ۱۸۸۹ - ۲۹ [[آوریل|آپرئل]] ۱۹۵۱) [[اوتریشیلر|اوتریشلی]]-[[بریتانیا ایمپیراتورلوغو|بیریتانیالی]] [[فیلسوف]] دیرکی [[منطیق]] [[ریاضیات|ریاضی]] یوخسا سایبیل [[فلسفه]] سی و دیل فلسفه سینده اثرلری اولوپ . [[فایل:Polyèdre des couleurs chez Wittgenstein.png|بندانگشتی|ویتگنیشتاینین سایبیل فلسفه ایشی]] ویتگنیشتاین مودرن فلسفه تاریخینین ان اؤنملی‌لریندن ساییلیر. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{مین مقاله}} jz5fgjhp2lutj9ht30i1qkvca5g2yie 0 605293 1590548 1577231 2026-07-13T09:51:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Kwame Nkrumah | office = 1st [[President of Ghana]] | honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] | honorific-suffix = [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] | image = Kwame Nkrumah (JFKWHP-AR6409-A).jpg | caption = Nkrumah in 1961 | predecessor = [[Elizabeth II]]<br />as [[Queen of Ghana]] | successor = [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]] | governor-general2 = [[Charles Arden-Clarke]]<br />[[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel|The Lord Listowel]] | monarch2 = [[Elizabeth II]] | office2 = 1st [[Prime Minister of Ghana]] | predecessor2 = Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast | party = [[United Gold Coast Convention]] (1947–1949)<br />[[Convention People's Party]] (1949–1966) | office1 = 3rd [[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]] | predecessor1 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] | successor1 = [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]<br />as Chairman of the [[National Liberation Council]] | successor2 = Himself as President | birth_date = {{birth date|1909|9|21|df=y}}<ref name="LSE">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/|title=Dr Kwame Nkrumah's History & LSE Application Form.|publisher=London School of Economics|date=10 October 2018}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Nkroful]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<br />(now [[Ghana]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|1972|4|27|1909|9|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[Bucharest]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Fathia Nkrumah|Fathia Rizk]]|1957}} | children = [[Gamal Nkrumah|Gamal]]<br />[[Samia Nkrumah|Samia]]<br />Francis<br />[[Sekou Nkrumah|Sekou]] | education = [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], ([[Bachelor of Theology|BTh]]))<br />[[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Master of Science|MS]])<br />[[London School of Economics]]<br />[[University College London]]<br />[[City Law School|Gray's Inn]] | term_start = 1 July 1960 | term_end = 24 February 1966 | term_start1 = 21 October 1965 | term_end1 = 24 February 1966 | term_start2 = 6 March 1957 | term_end2 = 1 July 1960 | office3 = 1st [[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]] | monarch3 = [[Elizabeth II]] | governor-general3 = [[Charles Arden-Clarke]] | term_start3 = 21 March 1952 | term_end3 = 6 March 1957 | predecessor3 = ''Office established'' | successor3 = Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana }} [[فایل:Vandalized Statue of Kwame Nkrumah.jpg|بندانگشتی|کوْوام نیکرومه]] '''کووامئی اینکرومه''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Kwame Nkrumah}})(۱۹۰۹ [[سپتامبر]] ۱۲ - ۱۹۷۲ [[آوریل|آپرئل]] ۲۷)، [[غنا]]<nowiki>لی</nowiki> سیاست چی ، سیاسی تئوریسین و اینقیلابچی ، غنانین ایلک باش‌وزیری و سونرا جومهور باشقانی. کونوانسیون میلت حزبین قوروجوسو ایدی. == قایناقلار == {{اتک‌یازی}} == آرتیق اوخو == * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=2021-02-05 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-year=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana]", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{Cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{Cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |url=https://archive.org/details/nyerereafricaend0000mwak |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nyerereafricaend0000mwak/page/347 347]–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{Cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions]." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * {{Cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000unse_z3j7 |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000unse_z3j7/page/n242 217]–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | accessdate=8 December 2021 }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798]. S2CID 146709996. ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|n=no|s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=Q8620|display=Kwame Nkrumah}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=2015-01-22 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Dr. Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129211258/http://www.vibeghana.com/ |date=2021-01-29 }} * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=2008-06-27 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} {{Heads of State of Ghana}} {{The Big Six}} {{Ghana topics}} {{African Union chairpersons}} {{Pan-Africanism}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:غنالی سیاستچیلر]] hgjfycghb382lc4dv1biptod0gz28aj 0 606622 1590534 1590406 2026-07-12T21:27:52Z Mehdi mehdi22 63179 بهبود اطلاعات درست 1590534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اوْیونجو بیلگی قوتوسو|آدی=علیرضا نجف‌زاده|عکس=علیرضا نجف‌ زاده.jpg|عکس توضیحی=نجف زاده در مصاحبه با تسنیم - ۱۴۰۰ |اصلی آدی=|ایش={{flatlist| * [[سینما]] * [[بازیگر]] * [[تئاتر]] * [[ تلویزیون]]}}|ملیت=۱۶ دی ۱۳۵۱ ({{سن|۱۹۷۳|۰۱|۶}})|دوْغوم یئری=[[ایران]]، [[تهران]]|عائیله سی=|یاشایش یئری=|ملیت={{بایراق|ایران}}|چالیشما ایللری=|وب‌سایت=|جوایز اسکار=|جایزه‌لر=}} علیرضا نجف زاده متولد 16 دی ماه 1351 در تهران، بازیگر، کارگردان، عکاس، دستیار کارگردان، گوینده، برنامه ریز و از اعضای کانون برنامه ریزان و دستیاران کارگردان سینمای ایران است. بازیگری و کارگردانی تئاتر را زیر نظر دکتر نصر در واحد نمایش حوزه هنری و مرکز هنرهای نمایشی اموخت. فعالیت هنری خود را از 9 سالگی با اجرای نمایش تئاتری به نام مدرسه آغاز کرد و به جشنواره های دانش آموزی و کانون پرورش فکری استان تهران و کشور راه یافت. در دوران دانش آموزی تندیس بازیگر برگزیده کشور از جشنواره تئاتر کشور و تندیس بهترین بازیگری و کارگردانی را از جشنواره باغرود نیشابور دریافت کرد. فعالیت حرفه ای خود را با گویندگی در فیلم های سینمایی ردپایی برشن و بایسیکل ران آغاز کرد، سپس در سال 1369 با ایفای نقشی کوتاه در فیلم چشم شیشه ای به عنوان بازیگر وارد سینما شد. او به عنوان بازیگر در فیلم های قتل آنلاین، انتظار، اصحاب کهف، قلعه یاسین، چشم شیشه ای و سریال نفس گرم، به عنوان برنامه ریز و دستیار اول کارگردان در فیلم های معصوم، به کبودی یاس، شاعر زباله ها، سبیل مردونه، به عنوان کارگردان در فیلم های بی پناه، رفیق فابریک و سریال های بوتیمار، زوج یا فرد، به عنوان دستیار کارگردان در فیلم های قسم، گاهی به اسمان نگاه کن، به عنوان مجری طرح در فیلم های به وقت خماری و زندانی ها حضور داشته است. او در فیلم سینمایی زندگی خصوصی آقا و خانم میم نیز به عنوان برنامه ریز حضور فعالیت کرده است. '''علیرضا نجف‌زاده''' (زاده ۱۶ دی‌ ۱۳۵۱در تهران)-[[ایران|ایرانی]] سینما ، تئاتر و تلویزیون]] == فیلم‌شناسی == === کارگردانی === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- !سال !عنوان ! توضیحات |- |۱۴۰۱ |خوشنام |شبکه سه |- |۱۴۰۰ |بوتیمار |شبکه سه |- |۱۳۹۸ |زوج یا فرد |شبکه سه |- |۱۳۹۰ |طلا در مس |شبکه سه |} [[بؤلمه:ایرانلی اویونچولار]] 2dwfk03v46fiiqypdz2zp7idgtlrees 1590535 1590534 2026-07-12T21:31:14Z Mehdi mehdi22 63179 بهبود اطلاعات درست 1590535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اوْیونجو بیلگی قوتوسو|آدی=علیرضا نجف‌زاده|عکس=علیرضا نجف‌ زاده.jpg|عکس توضیحی=نجف زاده در مصاحبه با تسنیم - ۱۴۰۰ |اصلی آدی=|ایش={{flatlist| * [[سینما]] * [[بازیگر]] * [[تئاتر]] * [[ تلویزیون]]}}|ملیت=۱۶ دی ۱۳۵۱ ({{سن|۱۹۷۳|۰۱|۶}})|ملیت=[[ایران]]، [[تهران]]|عائیله سی=|یاشایش یئری=|ملیت={{بایراق|ایران}}|چالیشما ایللری=|وب‌سایت=|جوایز اسکار=|جایزه‌لر=}} علیرضا نجف زاده متولد 16 دی ماه 1351 در تهران، بازیگر، کارگردان، عکاس، دستیار کارگردان، گوینده، برنامه ریز و از اعضای کانون برنامه ریزان و دستیاران کارگردان سینمای ایران است. بازیگری و کارگردانی تئاتر را زیر نظر دکتر نصر در واحد نمایش حوزه هنری و مرکز هنرهای نمایشی اموخت. فعالیت هنری خود را از 9 سالگی با اجرای نمایش تئاتری به نام مدرسه آغاز کرد و به جشنواره های دانش آموزی و کانون پرورش فکری استان تهران و کشور راه یافت. در دوران دانش آموزی تندیس بازیگر برگزیده کشور از جشنواره تئاتر کشور و تندیس بهترین بازیگری و کارگردانی را از جشنواره باغرود نیشابور دریافت کرد. فعالیت حرفه ای خود را با گویندگی در فیلم های سینمایی ردپایی برشن و بایسیکل ران آغاز کرد، سپس در سال 1369 با ایفای نقشی کوتاه در فیلم چشم شیشه ای به عنوان بازیگر وارد سینما شد. او به عنوان بازیگر در فیلم های قتل آنلاین، انتظار، اصحاب کهف، قلعه یاسین، چشم شیشه ای و سریال نفس گرم، به عنوان برنامه ریز و دستیار اول کارگردان در فیلم های معصوم، به کبودی یاس، شاعر زباله ها، سبیل مردونه، به عنوان کارگردان در فیلم های بی پناه، رفیق فابریک و سریال های بوتیمار، زوج یا فرد، به عنوان دستیار کارگردان در فیلم های قسم، گاهی به اسمان نگاه کن، به عنوان مجری طرح در فیلم های به وقت خماری و زندانی ها حضور داشته است. او در فیلم سینمایی زندگی خصوصی آقا و خانم میم نیز به عنوان برنامه ریز حضور فعالیت کرده است. '''علیرضا نجف‌زاده''' (زاده ۱۶ دی‌ ۱۳۵۱در تهران)-[[ایران|ایرانی]] سینما ، تئاتر و تلویزیون]] == فیلم‌شناسی == === کارگردانی === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- !سال !عنوان ! توضیحات |- |۱۴۰۱ |خوشنام |شبکه سه |- |۱۴۰۰ |بوتیمار |شبکه سه |- |۱۳۹۸ |زوج یا فرد |شبکه سه |- |۱۳۹۰ |طلا در مس |شبکه سه |} [[بؤلمه:ایرانلی اویونچولار]] mmbmx6yz6jdw34xjy0qh8av5a17v511 0 607487 1590501 1522843 2026-07-12T18:15:56Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''یاش آیریمچیلیقی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|ageism}}) شخصلر آراسیندا یاشلاری اساسیندا تبعیضه دئییلیر. == قایناقلار == {{اتک‌یازی}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174553/http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/josi/61/2 2005 issue of the ''Journal of Social Issues''] Thematic journal issue devoted to empirical and theoretical research on Ageism. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091220050523/http://knol.google.com/k/solomon-tse/ageism/38s05w5hp4v3n/2 Ageism – Discrimination Against Age] A Knol examining Ageism and social attitudes against different age groups. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120625182547/http://www.agediscriminationatwork.com/ Age Discrimination at Work: Wellpoint/Blue Cross] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5334972.stm Age discrimination laws by the BBC] * [http://www.agediscrimination.info/statistics Age discrimination statistics for the UK, Europe and the world] * [https://osha.europa.eu/en/themes/osh-management-context-ageing-workforce Ageing at work] [[EU-OSHA]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051130221014/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=10385 Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons] Edited scholarly volume of the latest research and theory on Ageism. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180418210246/http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/engramja/projects%26evals/sem2_mag1/chantellemag/chanceessay.htm Everyone deserves to be given a chance] An essay against Ageism towards teenagers, written by a Canadian adolescent. * [https://web.archive.org/web/19980624160419/http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/ageism.html An in-depth look at Ageism by Linda M. Woolfe, PhD, of Webster University] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071016054502/http://www.luhs.org/depts/injprev/Transprt/tran3.htm#Older%20Drivers Article on Older Drivers]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120430000518/http://www.ilcusa.org/prj/ageism.htm Ageism In America] Detailed report on Ageism from the International Longevity Center. * {{cite journal |last=Ayalon |first=Liat |title = Feelings towards Older vs. Younger Adults: Results from the European Social Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-gerontology_october-december-2013_39_10-12/page/888 |journal=Educational Gerontology |volume=39|issue=12|pages=888–901 |doi=10.1080/03601277.2013.767620 |year=2013|s2cid=143103077 }} * [http://www.overfiftyandoutofwork.com/experts/susan-fiske-mike-north/ Interview] with social psychologists [[Susan Fiske]] and Mike North about common stereotypes of older people. ({{cite journal |last = Ayalon |first = Liat |title = Feelings towards Older vs. Younger Adults: Results from the European Social Survey|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-gerontology_october-december-2013_39_10-12/page/888 |journal = Educational Gerontology |year = 2013 |volume = 39 |issue = 12 |pages = 888–901 |doi = 10.1080/03601277.2013.767620 |s2cid = 143103077 }}) * {{cite journal |last1=Ayalon |first1=Liat |author2=Doron, I |author3=Bodner, E |author4=Inbar, N |title = Macro- and micro-level predictors of age categorization: results from the European Social Survey |journal = European Journal of Ageing |year=2014 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=5–18 |doi=10.1007/s10433-013-0282-8|pmid=28804310 |pmc=5549183 }} * [http://www.oloc.org/ Old Lesbians Organizing for Change] * {{cite journal |last1=Yechezkel |first1=Rachel |last2=Ayalon |first2 = Liat |title = Social Workers' Attitudes towards Intimate Partner Abuse in Younger vs. Older Women |journal = Journal of Family Violence |year=2013 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=381–391 |doi = 10.1007/s10896-013-9506-0 |s2cid=21902989 }} * [https://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/2008-08-12-obama-mccain-age-ceos_N.htm USA Today article examining old and young CEOs about the ages of John McCain and Barack Obama] {{-}} {{Discrimination}} tibeimpcfwfke24sw6pmmfkn1fh1x08 0 609581 1590547 1532931 2026-07-13T09:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Coeliac disease | image = Coeliac path.jpg | caption = Biopsy of [[نازیک باغیرساق]] showing coeliac disease manifested by blunting of [[intestinal villus|villi]], crypt [[hypertrophy]], and [[lymphocyte]] infiltration of crypts | field = [[Gastroenterology]], [[internal medicine]] | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|l|i|æ|k}} {{Respell|SEE|lee|ak}} | synonyms = Celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, endemic sprue, gluten enteropathy | symptoms = None or [[Non-specific symptoms|non-specific]], [[abdominal distention]], [[ایسهال]], [[constipation]], [[malabsorption]], weight loss, [[dermatitis herpetiformis]]<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric/><ref name=SymptomsCausesNIDDK>{{cite web|title=Symptoms & Causes of Celiac Disease {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=24 April 2017|date=June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175500/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes|archive-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> | complications = [[Iron-deficiency anemia]], [[osteoporosis]], [[infertility]], [[سرطان]]s, [[neurological disorder|neurological problem]]s, other [[autoimmune diseases]]<ref name=Leb2015/><ref name=Lund2015/><ref name=WGO2016/><ref name=Cic2015/><ref name=LionettiFrancavilla2010/> | onset = Any age<ref name=Fasano2005Pediatric/><ref name=ESPGHAN2012 /> | duration = Lifelong<ref name=Cic2015 /> | causes = Reaction to [[گلوتین]]<ref name=TovoliMasi2015/> | risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[type 1 diabetes]], [[autoimmune]] [[thyroid disease]], [[داون سندرومو]] and [[Turner syndrome]] | diagnosis = [[Family history (medicine)|Family history]], blood [[antibody]] tests, intestinal [[biopsy|biopsies]], [[genetic testing]], response to gluten withdrawal<ref name=NIH2015/><ref name=VivasVaquero2015 /> | differential = [[باغیرساق ایلتیهاب مریضلیگی]], [[intestinal parasites]], [[ایریتابل باغیرساق سندرومی]], [[cystic fibrosis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter C|edition=2nd}}</ref> | prevention = | treatment = [[Gluten-free diet]]<ref name=SeeKaukinen2015/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = ~1 in 135<ref name=NEJM2012/> | deaths = }} '''سولیاک مریضلیگی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Coeliac disease}}) بو [[مریضلیک]] بدنین [[باغیشیقلیق سیستمی]]<nowiki/>نه گؤره دیر. بو مریضلیکده باغیشیقلیق سیستمی [[گلوتین]] [[پروتئین]]<nowiki/>ین مریضلیک یارادان تانیر و بو اوزدن بو پروتئینه هجوم ائدیر. بو مریضلیک [[اوتوایمیون مریضلیک لری]]<nowiki/>ندن ساییلیر. == قایناقلار == {{اتک‌یازی}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{آمبار بؤلمه}} * {{Curlie|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Digestive_System_Disorders/Intestinal/Celiac_Disease/}} {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 2922 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|90|0|k|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|579.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 212750 | MedlinePlus = 000233 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 308 | eMedicine_mult = {{EMedicine2|ped|2146}} {{EMedicine2|radio|652}} | MeshID = D002446 | GeneReviewsNBK = NBK1727 | GeneReviewsName = Celiac Disease }} {{Gastroenterology}} {{Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases}} {{Gluten sensitivity}} {{Portal bar|Biology|Medicine}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:پدیاتریا]] rpnuahn01a59l2inz1asuieqenhgnyv 0 610466 1590484 1534433 2026-07-12T17:47:21Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Vitiligo | image = Vitiligo2.JPG | caption = Non-segmental vitiligo of the hand | field = [[درماتولوژی]] | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|v|ɪ|t|ᵻ|ˈ|l|aɪ|ɡ|oʊ}} | symptoms = Patches of [[depigmentation|white skin]]<ref name=Lancet2016>{{cite journal|last1=Ezzedine|first1=K|last2=Eleftheriadou|first2=V|last3=Whitton|first3=M|last4=van Geel|first4=N|title=Vitiligo.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_july-4-10-2015_386_9988/page/74|journal=Lancet|date=4 July 2015|volume=386|issue=9988|pages=74–84|pmid=25596811|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60763-7|s2cid=208791128}}</ref> | complications = | onset = | duration = Long term<ref name=Lancet2016/> | causes = Unknown<ref name=Lancet2016/> | risks = Family history, other [[اؤزگوونلیک مریضلیکلری]]<ref name=NIH2014>{{cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Vitiligo|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Vitiligo/default.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=11 August 2016|date=June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821083604/http://niams.nih.gov/health_info/Vitiligo/default.asp|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> | diagnosis = [[Tissue biopsy]]<ref name=NIH2014/> | differential = | prevention = | treatment = [[Sunscreen]], [[makeup]], topical [[corticosteroid]]s, [[phototherapy]]<ref name=Lancet2016/><ref name=NIH2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = 1% of people<ref name=Wh2016>{{cite journal|last1=Whitton|first1=M|last2=Pinart|first2=M|last3=Batchelor|first3=JM|last4=Leonardi-Bee|first4=J|last5=Gonzalez|first5=U|last6=Jiyad|first6=Z|last7=Eleftheriadou|first7=V|last8=Ezzedine|first8=K|display-authors=3|title=Evidence-based management of vitiligo: summary of a Cochrane systematic review.|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|date=May 2016|volume=174|issue=5|pages=962–69|pmid=26686510|doi=10.1111/bjd.14356|s2cid=38560830}}</ref> | deaths = }} '''ویتیلیگو''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Vitiligo}}) بیر نووع [[مریضلیک]] دیر. بو مریضلیک ده اینسانین دریسی اؤز دوغال رنگین یوخسا بویاسین الدن وئریر. بو مریضلیک [[ملانوسیت سلول لاری]]<nowiki/>ن اؤلمه لرینن و یوخسا ایشدن توشمه لرینن ندن اولور. == قایناقلار == {{اتک‌یازی}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{آمبار بؤلمه}} * {{Curlie|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Skin_Disorders/Vitiligo/}} * [http://niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Vitiligo/default.asp Questions and Answers about Vitiligo]&nbsp;– US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 13965 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|80||l|80}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|709.01}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 193200 | MedlinePlus = 000831 | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 453 | MeshID = D014820 | SNOMED CT = 56727007 }} {{Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology}} {{Pigmentation disorders}} {{Authority control}} d81cem2sqng7rly76holi4uhsnk5f0b 0 613255 1590506 1547263 2026-07-12T18:25:01Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Borderline personality disorder|image=Edvard Munch - The Brooch. Eva Mudocci - Google Art Project.jpg|image_size=280px|alt=|caption=[[Idealization and devaluation|Idealization]] is seen in [[Edvard Munch|Edvard Munch's]] ''The Brooch. Eva Mudocci'' (1903)<ref name="Ed1990">{{cite book|title=Edvard Munch : the life of a person with borderline personality as seen through his art|date=1990|publisher=Lundbeck Pharma A/S|location=[Danmark]|isbn=978-8798352419|pages=34–35}}</ref>|field=[[Psychiatry]]|synonyms={{plainlist| *Emotionally unstable personality disorder – impulsive or borderline type<ref name=Maj2005>{{cite book|first=Robert C.|last=Cloninger|editor1-first=Mario|editor1-last=Maj|editor2-first=Hagop S.|editor2-last=Akiskal|editor3-first=Juan E.|editor3-last=Mezzich|chapter=Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Review|title=Personality disorders|date=2005|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]]|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-470-09036-7|page=126|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fgwbCW7OQMC&pg=PA126|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232038/https://books.google.com/books?id=9fgwbCW7OQMC&pg=PA126|url-status=live}}</ref> *Emotional intensity disorder<ref>{{cite book|last1=Blom|first1=Jan Dirk|title=A dictionary of hallucinations|date=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4419-1223-7|page=74|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJtQptBcZloC&pg=PA74|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232039/https://books.google.com/books?id=KJtQptBcZloC&pg=PA74|url-status=live}}</ref>}}|Symptoms=Unstable [[interpersonal relationships|relationships]], [[self-image|sense of self]], and [[affect (psychology)|emotions]]; [[impulsivity]]; recurrent suicidal behavior and [[self-harm]]; fear of [[abandonment (emotional)|abandonment]]; chronic feeling of [[emptiness]]; inappropriate [[anger]]; [[Dissociation (psychology)|feeling detached from reality]]<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=DSM5 />|complications=[[Suicide]]<ref name=NIH2016 />|Onset=Early adulthood<ref name=DSM5 />|Duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2016 />|causes=Unclear<ref name=CP2013>{{Cite book|title=Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Borderline Personality Disorder | publisher=National Health and Medical Research Council|year=2013|isbn=978-1-86496-564-3|location=Melbourne|pages=40–41|quote=In addition to the evidence identified by the systematic review, the Committee also considered a recent narrative review of studies that have evaluated biological and environmental factors as potential risk factors for BPD (including prospective studies of children and adolescents, and studies of young people with BPD)}}</ref>|risks=[[Family history (medicine)|Family history]], [[Psychological trauma|trauma]], [[Child abuse|abuse]]<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Lei2011 />|Diagnosis=Based on reported symptoms<ref name=NIH2016 />|differential=[[Identity disorder]], [[mood disorder]]s, [[post traumatic stress disorder]], [[cptsd]],[[substance use disorder]]s, [[Cluster B personality disorders|histrionic, narcissistic, or antisocial personality disorder]]<ref name=DSM5 /><ref>{{cite web |title=Borderline Personality Disorder Differential Diagnoses |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913575-differential |website=emedicine.medscape.com |accessdate=10 March 2020 |archive-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429130848/https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913575-differential |url-status=live }}</ref>|Prevention=|Treatment=[[Behavioral therapy]]<ref name=NIH2016 />|Medication=|Prognosis=Improves over time<ref name=DSM5 />|frequency=1.6% of people in a given year<ref name=NIH2016 />|Deaths=}}   '''مرزی کیشیلیک پوزولماسی یوخسا سرحدلی شخصیت''' اختلالی (BPD) ، ایموسیونال دا گۆجلی اولمایان شخصیت یوخسا کیشیلیک پوزولماسی ایزوپی ('''EUPD''') آدلاندیریلان بیر ذهنی مریضلیگی دیر.آداملار چوخ واخت اؤز-اؤزونه ضرر وورورلار و آيري خطري اولان داورانیشلار گؤرسه دیرلر.او، اؤزونون ده بوشلوق، بوراخیلماا قورخوسو و واقعیت دن یوخسا گرچئکلیک دن اوزاقلاشماسی ایله ووروشور.علامتلر اؤزگه لره طبیعی گؤرونن حادثه لردن باشلاییر.اینسان داورانیشلاری عایله ده بالاجی ایللرین ده باشلاییر و فرقلی دوروملاردا باش وئریر.مواد اسفند، افسردگی و یئتیش ناغیللاری چوخ واخت '''بی پی''' ڈی ایله باغلی دیر.بو حادثه دن ائتکیلنن اولانلارين حدود 10 فایزی اؤز-اؤزون اؤلدۆرمگه چکیلیر.<ref name=NIH2016>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|website=NIMH|access-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=DSM5>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5|date=2013|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Publishing]]|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645 645, 663–6]|edition=5th|url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/645}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=DSM5 /> بی پی دی نین ندنی ایندیه جک بیلینمیر، آمما ژنتیک، نورولوژیک، محیط و اجتماعی یوخسا توپلومسال فاکتورلار ایله باغلی گؤرونور.بو، یاخین یاخین خیمه سینده یاخینجا ائتکیلنن شخصده بش قات چوخ باش وئریر.نورمال حادثه لر ده رول اویناییر.اساس میکانزم، [[نورون|نورونلارين]] فرنتولومبیک شبکه سيني چئوریب.بی پی دی دی آدی نین دیآگنوستک و ایستاتستیک مونوال آف ''دماغی'' اختلاللر (DSM) طرفیندن باشقا دوقققوز دا بئله اختلالله بیر شخصیت ناغیلی اولاراق تانینیر.تشخیص علامتلره اساسلاناراق، باشقا موصئبتلرین اولماسینی گؤرمک اوچون طبی معاینه آپاریرلار.بو وضعیت، باشقا مومکوندورلر آراسيندا، هویت مسئله سی و یا موادا چئوریلنمه ایستیفاده ائدن اختلال دن فرقلی اولمالیدیر.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Lei2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Leichsenring F, Leibing E, Kruse J, New AS, Leweke F | title = Borderline personality disorder | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_january-1-7-2011_377_9759/page/74 | journal = [[Lancet (journal)|Lancet]] | volume = 377 | issue = 9759 | pages = 74–84 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21195251 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61422-5 }}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=DSM5 /> BPD عمومًا معالجله درمان اولونور، مثلاً شناختی رفتار معالجینه (CBT) یا دیالکتیک رفتار معالجینینه (DBT).DBT، اؤزکشیلیک خطرینی آزالدیرا بیلر.درمان تک- تک و یا گروه- گروه اولا بیلر.بی پی دی نین درمان ائتمه یه جک دوروملار، آمما اونا باغلی علامتلرین رفع ائدیلمه سی اوچون ایستیفاده اولونور.بعضي آداملارا ده خسته خانايا گئتمک لازيمدير.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> ۱.۶% اینسانلارین بی پی دیسی بیر ایلده وار، بعضی تخمین لرله ۶% قدر.قادینلارین دا معاینه سی کئشئلرین اوچ قات چوخدور.بو، یاشلیلار آراسيندا داها آز گؤرونور.ائنسانلارين ياريسينا قدر اون ائلده ياخشيلاشير.بو مرضده اولانلار عادي اولاراق چوخلو ساغلاملیق قارجيسي وار.بو اختلالین آدلاندیریلماسی حاقیندا، خصوصاً ''سرحد'' سؤزونون یاخشی لیغی حاقیندا دا بحث داوام ائدیر.بو اختلال، هم رسانه لرده، هم ده روان مجلینده چوخ واخت سوقورلار.<ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> == قایناقلار == <references /> le0qj30htwx1wey8zfbj776jvzbajqs 0 613257 1590436 1547269 2026-07-12T16:12:42Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Parkinson's disease|synonyms=Parkinson disease, idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, hypokinetic rigid syndrome, paralysis agitans, shaking palsy|image=Paralysis agitans (1907, after St. Leger).png|caption=Illustration of Parkinson's disease by [[William Gowers (neurologist)|William Richard Gowers]], first published in ''A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System'' (1886)|alt=Two sketches (one from the front and one from the right side) of a man, with an expressionless face. He is stooped forward and is presumably having difficulty walking.|field=[[Neurology]]|Symptoms=[[tremor|Shaking]], [[Spasticity|rigidity]], [[Hypokinesia#Bradykinesia|slowness of movement]], [[gait abnormality|difficulty walking]]<ref name=NIH2016 />|complications=[[Parkinson's disease dementia|Dementia]], [[major depressive disorder|depression]], anxiety<ref name=Sv2016 />|Onset=Age over 60<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Car2016>{{cite book|vauthors=Carroll WM|title=International Neurology|date=2016|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118777367|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRl6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908154209/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRl6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref>|Duration=|causes=Unknown<ref name=Lancet2015 />|risks=[[Pesticide]] exposure, [[head injuries]]<ref name=Lancet2015 />|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=NIH2016 />|differential=[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]], [[progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[essential tremor]], [[antipsychotic]] use<ref>{{cite book|vauthors= Ferri FF|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter P|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|Treatment=Medications, surgery<ref name=NIH2016 />|Medication=[[L-DOPA]], [[dopamine agonist]]s<ref name=Sv2016 />|Prognosis=[[Life expectancy]] ~ 15 years{{medcn|date=July 2020}}<ref name=Ley2018>{{medcn|date=July 2020}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Golbe LI, Leyton CE |title=Life expectancy in Parkinson disease |journal=Neurology |volume=91 |issue=22 |pages=991–992 |date=November 2018 |pmid=30381371 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000006560 |type= Editorial}}</ref>|frequency=6.2 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | author1 = GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators }}</ref>|Deaths=117,400 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | author1 = GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators }}</ref>}} پارکینسون یا دا ساده جه '''پارکینسون ناخوشلوغو،''' مرکزی عصب سیستئمینین اوزون مودّتلی ایستیفاده ائتدیی و اساساً موتور سیستمی ائتکیلندیریر بیر اختلال دیر.بو مرضین یاخینلاشدیریلماسی ایله موتورلوق علامتلر داها دا چوخ یاییلیر.علامتلر معمولاً آرتیق گؤرونه جک.بو ناخوشلوقدان باشلاناندا، ان آچیق علامتلر لرزه، سئکستلیک، حرکتین یاواشلیغی و گئتمکده چتینلیگی دیر.[[کوقنیتیولیک|دوشونجه]] و داورانیش دا موصئبتلر اولا بئلر.دئمنسیا، ناخوشلوغون گئدیجی مرحله لرینده یایین اولور.دئپراسیون و نئگارانلیق دا چوخ گؤروشور و دئپسیوناسی اولانلارین اوچده بیرئدن چوخوندا دا باش وئریر.باشقا علامتلر ده حئسّات، يوخو و [[هیجان|عاطفی]] مسئله لری دیر.اساس حرکتی علامتلرین بیرلیکده "پارکینسونزم" یا "'''پارکینسنسون''' سندروما" آدلانیر.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Parkinson's Disease Information Page|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page|website=NINDS|access-date=18 July 2016|date=30 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104201403/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Sv2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sveinbjornsdottir S | title = The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 139 Suppl 1 | pages = 318–324 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27401947 | doi = 10.1111/jnc.13691 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Sv2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Sv2016 /><ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kalia LV, Lang AE | title = Parkinson's disease | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_august-29-september-4-2015_386_9996/page/896 | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9996 | pages = 896–912 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 25904081 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 }}</ref> پارکینسون ناخوشلوغونون ندنی بللی دییر، آمما هر دوسینده ژننتیکی و محیط فاکتورلارین اولدوغونو دوشونورلر.بو ناخوشلوغو ايندي بير عايئله عضوي اولانلار اؤزلري ده توتولماق مومکوندورلار.بعضي حيواني حيواني و اوسته باش يارالاميشلار آراسيندا دا خطر آرتير، تاماكا چکنلر و [[قهوه]] و چاي ایچنلر آراسيندا خطر آزالير.بو ناخوشلوغو گؤسترن موتور علامتلر، مئتروئن اورتاق آغزی بؤلگه سی اولان substantia nigra- داکی حجرالارین اؤلوموندن آلینیر.بو سببدن بو بؤلگه ده دوپامین کافی اولمامیش.بو سل اؤلومونون سببی آز دا آنلانیلیر، آمما نئرونلاردا لیوی بدنلرینه پروتئئنلرین قورولماسی ایله باغلی دیر.عادي حاللارین دیآگنوزو اساساً علامتلر اساسيندا یئرلشیب، نورو ایماجنگ کیمی تستلر باشقا خسته لیکلرین ایستیفاده اولونماسی اوچون ایستیفاده ائدیلیر.<ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> پارکنسون ناخوشلوغونا درمان يوخدور.درمانين هدفي علامتلرين خفیفلشدیریلمسی.ایلک درمان، عادي اولاراق، پارکنسون ضد دوا لئودوپادا (L- DOPA) اولور و لئودوبا داها دا مؤثّر اولماسا، دوپامین اگونستلرینی قبول ائدیر.بو خسته لیگین گئدن و نورونلارین ائتمه سی دوام ائدنده، بو دارالاری داها دا مؤثّر اولمور و او زامان کی، اؤز ایستییارتمه سیله گؤرولن پیچلئشلر یارادیر.رژیم و بعضی نوع رئابلیتیشن simptomلاری یاخشیلاشدیریندا بیر قدر مؤثریت گؤستریر.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Sv2016 /> درئن مغز قوزغاتماسی اوچون میکرو الکترودلارین یئرلشدیرمه سینین جراحاسی، دارالاری نین مؤثریتسیز اولدوغو آغیر شکیلده موتور علامتلرین آزالماسی اوچون ایستیفاده ائدیلیب.دَیَرلر، یوخو ایسه ایشلر و ایماسییالی پروبلئملر کیمی حرکاتلا باغلی اولمایان PD علامتلرین درمان اوچون داها آز دیر.<ref name=NIH2016 /> ۲۰۱۵ ایلینده پارکینسون ۶/۲ میلیون اینسانی بولاشدیردی و دۆنیادا پارکینسون توتماق سونوجوندا ۱۱۷,۴۰۰ اؤلۆم اولدو پارکینسون ۶۰ یاشیندا اولان اینسانلارین آراسیندا چوخ اولور، کی بو باشدان یوخاری دا اولان لارین آراسیندا یوزده بیر دیر. ائرکک برده قدین لار ان داها چوخ اولور میزانی ۳_۲ دیر اگر پارکینسون ۵۰ باشدان اؤنجه اولسا اونا ائرکن دئییلیر. بو مریضلیگی توتانلار ۷_۱۵ ایل آرتیق یاشاییر لار . پارکینسون مریضلیگین آدی اینگیلیسلی بیلیم آدامی جیمز پارکینسون دان دیر. == قایناقلار == Borderline personality disorder q5a56sl569ewpf6celdotadlch7dhzq 0 613264 1590469 1547297 2026-07-12T17:20:13Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Autism spectrum|synonyms=Autism spectrum disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, autistic spectral disorder,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Narayan |first1=Sunil |last2=Rao |first2=JS Mohan |last3=K |first3=Nagarajan |last4=Mohammed |first4=Faruq |last5=Kandasamy |first5=Preeti |last6=Subramaniam |first6=Mahadevan |title=Non-Syndromic Autistic Spectral Disorders in Tamilian Chldren Commonly Associated with Brain imaging anomalies and Spectral EEG changes (4209) |journal=Neurology |date=14 April 2020 |volume=94 |issue=15 Supplement |url=https://n.neurology.org/content/94/15_Supplement/4209 |language=en |issn=0028-3878 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827234138/https://n.neurology.org/content/94/15_Supplement/4209 |url-status=live }}</ref> autism spectrum condition, autistic spectrum condition<ref name="ASC_UK">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams J, Bolton P, Matthews FE, Brayne C | title = Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study | journal = The British Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 194 | issue = 6 | pages = 500–9 | date = June 2009 | doi = 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345 |pmid= 19478287| quotation = We favour use of the term 'autism-spectrum condition' rather than 'autism-spectrum disorder' as it is less stigmatising, and it reflects that these individuals have not only disabilities which require a medical diagnosis, but also areas of cognitive strength }}</ref>|image=Autism-stacking-cans 2nd edit.jpg|alt=Boy stacking cans|caption=Repetitively stacking or lining up objects is associated with autism spectrum|field=[[Psychiatry]], [[clinical psychology]]|Symptoms=Problems with [[communication]], [[social interaction]], restricted interests, repetitive behavior<ref name=DSM5 />|complications=Employment problems, few relationships, [[suicide]]<ref name=How2017>{{cite journal |last1=Howlin |first1=P |last2=Magiati |first2=I |title=Autism spectrum disorder: outcomes in adulthood. |journal=Current opinion in psychiatry |date=March 2017 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=69-76 |doi=10.1097/YCO.0000000000000308 |pmid=28067726}}</ref>|Onset=By age 2 years<ref name=DSM5 />|Duration=Long-term<ref name=NIH2018 />|causes=Uncertain<ref name=NIH2018 />|risks=Advanced parental age, exposure to [[valproate]] during pregnancy, [[low birth weight]]<ref name=DSM5 />|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=NIH2018 />|differential=[[Intellectual disability]], [[Rett syndrome]], [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]], [[selective mutism]], [[Childhood schizophrenia|childhood-onset schizophrenia]]<ref name=DSM5 />|Prevention=|Treatment=[[Behavioral therapy]], [[psychotropic medication|medication]]<ref name=Occu2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = Case-Smith J, Arbesman M | title = Evidence-based review of interventions for autism used in or of relevance to occupational therapy | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-occupational-therapy_july-august-2008_62_4/page/416 | journal = The American Journal of Occupational Therapy | volume = 62 | issue = 4 | pages = 416–29 | date = 2008 | pmid = 18712004 | doi = 10.5014/ajot.62.4.416 }}</ref><ref name=Acc2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Accordino RE, Kidd C, Politte LC, Henry CA, McDougle CJ | s2cid = 6255194 | title = Psychopharmacological interventions in autism spectrum disorder | journal = Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy | volume = 17 | issue = 7 | pages = 937–52 | date = 2016 | pmid = 26891879 | doi = 10.1517/14656566.2016.1154536 }}</ref>|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=1% of people (62.2 million 2015)<ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>|Deaths=}} '''اوتیزم اسپکتروم،''' اوشاقلیقدا باشلانان بیر ذهني پوزولماسی دیر، او دا ایلک دیآگوست اولونان اوتیزم و [[ابراهیم/آسپرگر سندرومی|آسپرجر]] سندروماخیل دیر.علامتلر، ایلیشکی، توپلومسال ایشلاشما، محدود علاقه لر و تکرار داورانیش لاراوزون مودّت دوام ائدن چتینلیکلرین دن عیبارت دیر.علامتلر معمولاً ایکی یاشا چاتماميشدان آنلاییلیر.بو چالیشمالاردا گونئي وظيفه لر، علاقه لر قورماق و برقرار ائتمک، ائش ساخلاماق و اؤز-اؤزونو اؤلدورمک چتئنلئيي اولماليدير.<ref name=DSM5>{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |chapter=Autism Spectrum Disorder. 299.00 (F84.0) |year=2013 |pages=50–59 |location=Arlington, VA |publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing |isbn=978-0-89042-559-6 |doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 }}</ref><ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=DSM5 /> ندن معلوم اولمادیغی حالدا، اونون ژنئتیک و [[Enviromental factors|محیط]] فاکتورلارینین بیرلیکده پایلاشماسی دوشونولور.خطر فاکتورلاریندان عیبارت دیر: بؤیوک آتا-آناسی، عائله نین آوتیزمی و بعضی ژنیتیک شرایطی.تخمین لرله کی، خطرین ۶۵-۹۰%-ی ژننتیک دن آلینیر.<ref name=NIH2018>{{cite web|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml|publisher=NIMH|access-date=21 February 2021|date=2018|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093226/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> تشخيص علامتلره اساسلانير.۲۰۱۳-جی ایلده DSM-5 اوّلکی اویتیزم اختلالینین، آپرجر سندرومون، باشقا نه دئییل گئچمیش گئچمه لی اینکشافی ایختلالین یوخسا پوزولماسی (PDD-NOS) و اوشاقلیق داخیللیق داغیش داغیشلارینین آلتی بؤلوملرینی تک "اوتیزم اسپکتروم داغیش" اصطلاحی ایله آستیک عوض ائتدی.<ref name=NIH2018 /> درمان اولماسا دا، نتیجه لر داها دا یاخشیلاشدیریلیر. جهدلر عمومًا تکجه اولونور و داورانیش معالجه سی و چالیشما باشاریلارینین اؤیرتیلمه سینی ده شامل اولا بیلر.بو چاليشمالاردا چوخ واخت آتا-آنالار و باشقا عايئله عوضولري ده شركت ائدیرلر.بعضي علامتلرين دئمک اوچون داريشيلار ايشلدنیلیر.آمما دارالاشماغا معروض اولان شواهدلر چوخ گوجلو ديئل.<ref name=NIH2018 /><ref name=NIH2018 /> اوتیزم اسپکترومون ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلدن باشلایان تخمین لرینه گؤره، ۱% اینسانین (قوموشدا ۶۲.۲ میلیون نفر) ائتکیلنمه سی تخمین اولونور.آمریکادا بو، {{As of|2015}} اوشاقلارین ۲.۵%-ینی (تقریبا ۱.۵ میلیون) تأثیر ائتدیگی تخمین اولونور.<ref name=DSM5 /> اَرلرین دیگنوزو قادینلاردان دؤرد قات چوخ اِشئدیر."آزمات" سؤزو علامتلرین نوع و شدتینین فرقلی لیکینه دئییر.سونوج لار آچیقلاماسی وار، بعضی لری آز علامتلرله اؤزللیکله فعالیت ائدیرلر، داها آغیر علامتلر ایله اولانلار دا گونئی حیاتلاریندا بؤیوک یاردیم احتیاجی وار. == قایناقلار == <references /> af9aswcftx982bu3e1bwp8xu42fl86v 0 613265 1590463 1551438 2026-07-12T17:12:31Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Multiple sclerosis|image=MS Demyelinisation CD68 10xv2.jpg|caption=[[CD68]]-stained tissue shows several [[macrophage]]s in the area of a demyelinated lesion caused by MS.|field=[[Neurology]]|synonyms=Disseminated sclerosis, encephalomyelitis disseminata|Symptoms=Double vision, [[blindness]] in one eye, muscle weakness, trouble with [[sensation (psychology)|sensation]], trouble with coordination<ref name=NIH2015 />|complications=|Onset=Age 20–50<ref name=Milo2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Milo R, Kahana E | title = Multiple sclerosis: geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment | journal = Autoimmunity Reviews | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = A387-94 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 19932200 | doi = 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.010 }}</ref>|Duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2015 />|causes=Unknown<ref name=Nak2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakahara J, Maeda M, Aiso S, Suzuki N | title = Current concepts in multiple sclerosis: autoimmunity versus oligodendrogliopathy | journal = Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–34 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22189514 | doi = 10.1007/s12016-011-8287-6 }}</ref>|risks=|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms and medical tests<ref name=Tsang2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tsang BK, Macdonell R | title = Multiple sclerosis- diagnosis, management and prognosis | journal = Australian Family Physician | volume = 40 | issue = 12 | pages = 948–55 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22146321 }}</ref>|differential=|Prevention=|Treatment=Medications, physical therapy<ref name=NIH2015 />|Medication=|Prognosis=5–10 year shorter [[life expectancy]]<ref name="pmid18970977">{{cite journal | vauthors = Compston A, Coles A |author1-link=Alastair Compston | title = Multiple sclerosis | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_october-25-31-2008_372_9648/page/1502 | journal = Lancet | volume = 372 | issue = 9648 | pages = 1502–17 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18970977 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7 }}</ref>|frequency=2 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>|Deaths=18,900 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref>}} مولتیپل ایسکلروزیس (MS) ، میلینگ مریضلیگیدمانسیزتینده ضررلی بیر خسته لیک دیر.بو ضرر [[نورون|عصبي]] سیستمین بعضی بؤلوملرینین سیگناللار گؤندرمک قابیلتینده قالیر و بونون سونوجوندا بیر سیرا علامتلر و علامتلر، بشمول بدنی، ذهنی و بعضاً ده روحی مسئله لر واردیر.معین علامتلر ایکیلی گؤرمک، بیر گؤزون قورلاییش، عضله لرین ضعیفلندیریلمه سی و حیس و یوخسا بیرلیکده ایله باغلی اولان سورون لار ایلک بیلر.'''MS''' نئچه شکلینده یئنی علامتلر ایسه تکجه حمله لر (یولداش شکللر) ایله یا دا زامانلا (گده ن شکللر) یارادیلیر.<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=NINDS Multiple Sclerosis Information Page|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm|website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|access-date=6 March 2016|date=19 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213025406/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm|archive-date=13 February 2016|accessdate=2023-07-28|archivedate=2016-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213025406/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm}}</ref> حمله لر آراسیندا، علامتلر تامامن آرتیق گلیرلر؛ آمما، بیزدن نورمولوژیک سورونلار چوخ واخت دوام ائدیر، بؤیوکجه کی، مرض گلیر.<ref name="pmid8780061">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lublin FD, Reingold SC | author1-link=Fred D. Lublin | title = Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_1996-04_46_4/page/907 | journal = Neurology | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 907–11 | date = April 1996 | pmid = 8780061 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.46.4.907 }}</ref> ندن بیلینمه دیگی حالدا، اساس میکانیزمین یا [[اؤزگوونلیک مریضلیکلری|گۆونلیک سیستمی]] نین محو اولونماسی یا دا میلین تولید ائدن خئییرلرین سینماقی دوشونولور.بونون اوچون پیشنهاد اولونان ندنلر ژنتیک و ایپشتین-بار ویروسو کیمی بیر ویروس اینفکاسیونلا باشلاییب.MS معمولاً علامتلر و علامتلرین و معاینه اولونان طیبی معاینه لردن سورا تشخیص اولونور. مولتیپل ایسکلروزیس اوچون بیلینن اولان درمان يوخدور.درمانلار، حمله دن سوراکی فعالیتینی یاخشیلاشدیرماغا و تزه حمله لری قاباغیندا توتماغا چالیشیر.MS- نی درمان ائتمک اوچون ایستیفاده اولونان دوا لار، آز یاخشی ایشله نسه، جانبی تأثیرلر آلیر و ضعیف تحمل اولونور.فیزیوتراپی، ائنسانین فعالیت قابئلتینده کؤمک اده بیلر.چوخ آدام، اونون فایدالاری حاققیندا دَیَرلرین یوخلوغونا باخمایاراق، باشقا درمانلار دالينجا گدئرلر.<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /> اوزون مودّتده باش وئرن نتیجه لرین قاباقجا گؤرن اولماز؛ خوش نتیجه لر داها چوخ قادینلاردا، بو ناخوشلوغو یاشیلدا باش وئرنلرده، تکرار اولانلاردا و باشلانیدا آز حمله باش وئرنلرده گؤرونور. عؤمر گؤزله ییشی، اؤنملی جمعیتین عؤمرونون ان آزین لیغیندان ۵-۱۰ ایلدن آز دیر. چوخلو اسکلروز مرکزی عصبي سیستمه تأثیر گؤسترن ان چوخ گؤستریلن ایمونوس- واسطه لی اختلال دیر. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده دونیا ایله ۲.۳ میلیون نفرین یاخینجا تأثیر ائتدیی، و بو نچه لرین گؤستریلمه سی بؤلگه لرده و توپلوملار آراسین دا چوخ فرقلی اولوب.او ائل ۱۸۹۰۰ نفر MS-دن اؤلدو، ۱۹۹۰-جی ایلده ۱۲۰۰۰ نفردن چوخدو.بو مرض عادي اولاراق ایکی ایلدن ییلمیزه قدر باشلاییر و قادینلاردا او قدر چوخ اولور کی، کئشئلر ده.MS 1868 میلادی ایلینده فرانسیز نیورولوگ [[ژان-مارتن شارکو|ژان-مارتین]] چارکوت طرفیندن ایلک دفعه شرح ائدیلدی.<ref name="Charcot1" /> آدی "کؤیله ییرمسیز اسکلروز"، آغ و دماغی نین آغ ماددیندا و دماغي نین آرخاسیندا یارانان ''چوخلو'' گلیال داغلار (یا اسکلرالار) دئییلیر. نئچه نئچه درمان و تشخيصي روش اورتاقلاشير. [[فایل:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Multiple_sclerosis.webm|thumbtime=1:30|بندانگشتی|ویدئو باشلاماسینین خلاصه سی (اسکرپتی)]] == قایناقلار == <references /> igrmamqztwrm19azl7li7stkgmkjiyj 0 613266 1590479 1552950 2026-07-12T17:42:10Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Sepsis | image = Sepsis-Mikrothomben1.JPG | caption = Skin blotching and inflammation due to sepsis | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|p|s|ᵻ|s}} | symptoms = {{hlist|[[Fever]]|[[tachycardia|increased heart rate]]|[[hypotension|low blood pressure]]|[[hyperventilation|increased breathing rate]]|[[oliguria|low urine output]]| [[anuria|absent or near absent urine output]]|[[pain|severe pain]]|[[mental confusion|confusion]]<ref name=CDC2014Q/>}} | complications = {{hlist|[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]]|[[organ failure|temporary, transient, or permanent organ damage]]|[[ECMO|extra corporeal membrane oxygenation]]|[[hemodialysis|blood filtration or dialysis]]}} | onset = May be rapid (less than three hours) or prolonged (several days) | duration = | causes = [[immune system|Immune response]] triggered by an infection<ref name=Tint2011/><ref name=Deutschman2014/> | risks = {{hlist|Young or old age|[[cancer]]|[[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]]|[[major trauma]]|[[asthma]], [[COPD|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]]|[[multiple myeloma]]|[[burn]]s}}<ref name=CDC2014Q/> | diagnosis = [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]] (SIRS),<ref name=Tint2011/> [[SOFA score#Quick SOFA score|qSOFA]]<ref name="Sepsis–3_2016"/> | differential = | prevention = [[influenza vaccination]], [[Vaccinations|vaccines]], [[pneumococcal vaccination|pneumonia vaccination]] | treatment = [[Intravenous fluids]], [[antimicrobial]]s, [[vasopressors]]<ref name=CDC2014Q/><ref name= "SSC–G2016"/> | medication = | prognosis = 10 to 80% risk of death;<ref name="Sepsis–3_2016"/><ref name=Jawad2012/> These mortality rates (they are for a range of conditions along a spectrum: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) may be lower if treated aggressively and early, depending on the organism and disease, the patient's previous health, and the abilities of the treatment location and its staff | frequency = 0.2–3.0 per 1,000 a year (developed world)<ref name=Jawad2012/><ref name=Martin2012/> | deaths = }} '''سیپس،''' بدنین اینفیکشنا اولان جاوابین اونون توخوما و عضولره ضرر وورماسی ایله حیاتین اؤنونده خطرلی بیر وضعیتدیر.بو باشلانيش مرحله سي [[باغیشیقلیق سیستمی|گۆونلیک]] سيستمين قلمه آلماسي ايله يئتيريلير. چوخ گؤرن علامتلر و علامتلر: تب، اورقانیک دؤشومون آرتماسی، آغیر نفس چکمک و آج قالما.معینی اینفکاسیونلا باغلی علامتلر ده اولا بیلر، مثلاً [[آغ‌جییر ایلتیهابی|پمونییا]] ایله سسلنمه، یا بؤیرک لری نین اینفکاسسی ایله آغریسی اولان ادویه.چوخ جاوان، قوجا و گؤوْنلیک سیستمینین ضعیفلندیگی شخصلرین، معین بیر اینفئکشن علامتلرینه مالیک اولمویا بیله و بدنین حرارتی یا دا تب ریز اولماسی قارشیسیندا آز یا دا طبیعی اولا بیلر.شئدّتلي سئس، بدن عضوی نین ضعیف فعالیتینه و یا قان آخینماسینا سبب اولان سئسدیر.<ref name="Tint2011">{{cite book |last1= Jui |first1= Jonathan |chapter= Ch. 146: Septic Shock |editor-last1= Tintinalli |editor-first1= Judith E. |editor-last2= Stapczynski |editor-first2= J. Stephan |editor-last4= Cline |editor-first4= David M. |editor-last3= Ma |editor-first3= O. John |editor-last5= Cydulka |editor-first5= Rita K. |editor-last6= Meckler |editor-first6= Garth D. |display-editors= 1 | collaboration = [[American College of Emergency Physicians]] |title= Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide |edition= 7th |location= New York |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |pages= 1003–14 |year= 2011 | chapter-url= |isbn=9780071484800 }}</ref> آز قان فشار، چوخ قان laktاتی و یا آز تویوچولوقون اولدوغو قان آخینتی نین ضعیف اولدوغونو دئییر.سیپتیک شوک سیپسیس نتیجه سینده یئرینه یئتیرن و سیالین یئنی دن یئرینه قویولماسین انیق قان فشاریدیر.<ref name="SSCG2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Douglas IS, Jaeschke R, Osborn TM, Nunnally ME, Townsend SR, Reinhart K, Kleinpell RM, Angus DC, Deutschman CS, Machado FR, Rubenfeld GD, Webb SA, Beale RJ, Vincent JL, Moreno R |display-authors=2 | title = Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012 | journal = [[Critical Care Medicine (journal)|Critical Care Medicine]] | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 580–637 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23353941 | doi = 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af |doi-access= free}}</ref><ref name="SSCG2012" /> سیپسیز، اینفئکشن دن باشلانان [[باغیشیقلیق سیستمی|آلتیماعی مدافعه سی]] دیر.[[باکتری|باکتریال]] اینفکاسیونلار ان چوخ گؤروشموش سببی دیر، آمما قارچلی، [[ویروس]] و [[پروتوزویلار|پروتوزو]] اینفکراسیونلار دا سیپسین سبب اولا بیلر.باشلانيشدا باشلانيشي اينفئکسييا باشلانيشيندا پوموزلار، آغيل، يئرين، دَرّي و قارين عضولري ايشله ن يئرلر وار.خطر فاکتورلارینا چوخ جاوان، قوجا، [[سرطان]] و یا [[دیابت|دیابتی]] کیمی شرایطلردن آلتیندا اولان مدافعت سیزلیگی ضعیفله ن، بؤیوک ضربه لر و یا یاناقلارخیلیر.بوندان قاباق، سیپس دیآنوستینا گؤره، ایسه اینفیکسیون فرض اولونموش حالدا، سیستماتیک آلتیماجی جاواب سندروماسی (SIRS) نین ایکی کیمی معیاری لازیم ائدیلیردی.۲۰۱۶-جی ایلده، سوْفافا سکه سی (QSOFA) آدلانان قیسمینده آیریلیق آوروپا ناکامیاسینین نتیجه سی (SOFA score) ، SIRS دیآنوْس سیستئمینی آجیلدیریب. سیپسیس اوچون qSOFA معیار لرینده آشاغیداکی اوچ شکیلدن، ان چوخالمیش نفس سستیی، شعور لیقین دَییشیب و آشاغی قان فشارسی واردیر.سیپس لارجوکلر آنتی بیوتیکلر آلماقدان قاباق قان کولتورلری آلماغی توصیه ائدیر؛ آمما، تشخیصا گؤره قانین اینفیکتیزه اولماسی لازیم دئییل.طبی تصویرلر، اینفئکشنین احتمالی یئرینی آختاریشدا کؤمکلی دیر.بو نزه و علامتلرین باشقا سبب لرینه آنافیلاکسی، آدرنیل ناکامی، آز قان حجم، قلبی ناکامی و پلموناری امبولئسی دن عبارت دیر.<ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Sepsis–3_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC |display-authors=2 | title = The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2016-02-23_315_8/page/801 | journal = [[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]] | volume = 315 | issue = 8 | pages = 801–10 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26903338 | pmc = 4968574 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2016.0287 }}</ref><ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Tint2011" /> == قایناقلار: == <references /> di5ihulwhbi2cgysjvvgkv36hi0oqu9 0 613287 1590452 1587295 2026-07-12T16:55:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Multiple myeloma|image=Plasmacytoma_ultramini1.jpg|caption=[[Micrograph]] of a [[plasmacytoma]], [[H&E stain]]|synonym=Plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis, Kahler's disease, myeloma<ref>{{cite web |title=Myeloma Canada {{!}} What is Multiple Myeloma? |url=https://www.myelomacanada.ca/en/about-multiple-myeloma/what-is-myeloma |website=www.myelomacanada.ca |accessdate=17 April 2020 |archive-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513072222/https://myelomacanada.ca/en/about-multiple-myeloma/what-is-myeloma |url-status=dead |archivedate=2020-05-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513072222/https://myelomacanada.ca/en/about-multiple-myeloma/what-is-myeloma }}</ref>|field=[[Hematology]] and [[oncology]]|Symptoms=[[Bone pain]], bleeding, frequent infections, [[anemia]]<ref name=NIH2016Pt />|complications=[[Amyloidosis]], [[kidney problems]], [[pathologic fracture|bone fractures]], [[hyperviscosity syndrome|overly thick blood]]<ref name=NIH2016Pt /><ref name=NIH2016Pro />|Onset=|Duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2016Pro />|causes=Unknown<ref name=WCR2014Cp513>{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 5.13}}</ref>|risks=[[Obesity]]<ref name=WCR2014Cp2>{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 2.3 and 2.6}}</ref>|Diagnosis=Blood or urine tests, [[bone marrow biopsy]], [[medical imaging]]<ref name=Raab2009 />|differential=|Prevention=|Treatment=[[glucocorticoid|Steroids]], [[chemotherapy]], [[thalidomide]], [[stem cell transplant]], [[bisphosphonates]], [[radiation therapy]]<ref name=NIH2016Pro /><ref name=Raab2009 />|Medication=|Prognosis=[[Five-year survival rate]] 52% / life expectancy 6 years (USA)<ref name=SEER2016 />|frequency=488,200 (affected during 2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|Deaths=101,100 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref>}} '''مولتیپل مئیلوم''' ('''MM''') ، '''پلاسما سیل مئیلومو''' و ساده '''مئیلوما''' آدلاناراق پلاسما سللرین [[سرطان]] لاری دیر، دوغال اولاراق آنتی بادیلر یارادان آغ قان حجری لری نین بیر نؤعتی دیر.چوخ واخت، ایلک علامتلر گؤرونمز.بو حادثه لرین آخماسینا گؤره سوموک آغریسی، قان آخماسی، مکرر عفونت و آنمییا باش وره بیلر.قاتیشیقلیغی لار امیلوئیدوزاخیلابیلر.<ref name=NIH2016Pt>{{cite web|title=Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma)—Patient Version|url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma|website=NCI|accessdate=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727234102/http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma|archivedate=27 July 2016|date=1980-01-01}}</ref> چوخلو میلوما نین ندنی بیلینمز.خطر فاکتورلاری بوغرا، رادیاتورلوغو، عائله گئچمیشی و بعضی کیمیال لارین واردیر.چوخلو مئیلوم، بیلینممیش اؤنملی موئنوکلونال گاموپاتئادان و یا توْخما مئیلوما گئتمه دن باشلاییر. پلاسما سیلانلاری نین پلاسماسی نین پلاسمی نین پلاسمال سیلانلاری اینتیبادیلار یاراتیرلار و بونلارین سبب اولدوغو گورونجو و قانین چوخ ضیالی اولماسی دیر.پلازما حجیرلری ده سوموغو آغزیندا و یا یومشاق توخوملاردا بیر توپراق تشکیل ائده بیلر.بیر تومور اولاندا، پلاسماسیتوم آدلانیر؛ بیردن چوخ توموردا دا چوخلو میلوم آدلانار.چوخلو مایلوما قان و یا اورین تستلری اساسن معاینه اولونور و غیر طبیعی آنتی بادیلار، سوموک آغزی بیوپسیسییاسی سرطانلی پلازما خئییرلرینی و طبی تصویرلرین سوموک لازیالری نین آچیقلاماسی ایله تشخیص اولونور.آيري بئر شوعورلو تاپيشلار قاندا كالتسيومون چوخلوغو دير.<ref name=NIH2016Pt /><ref name=NIH2016Pt /><ref name=Raab2009 /> مولتیپل مایلوم درمان اولونماز، آمّا عمومیتله درمان اولونماز.سټرایودلار، کیمیا درمانی، هدفلندیریلن درمان و کؤک حجره لرین یئرینه یئرلشیب، رئمیسییا ندن اولا بیلر.بیفوسفوناتلار و رادیوتراپی بعضاً سوموکلری نین یارالیغیندان گلن دردین آزالماسی اوچون ایشله دیلینیر.<ref name=NIH2016Pro>{{cite web|title=Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version|url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma-treatment-pdq|website=NCI|accessdate=8 August 2016|date=July 29, 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704233112/http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma-treatment-pdq|archivedate=4 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016Pro /> دونیا بویو، چوخلو ''میلوم'' 488 مین نفرین اؤلموشو و ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده ۱۰۱۱۰۰ نفرین اؤلومونه سبب اولدو.آمریکادا، هر ایل 100.000 نفرین 6.5 نفرینه یئر آلیر و 0.7٪ آدامین بیر واختین حیاتینی بو وضعیتده چالیشیر.معمولاً 60 یاشین دا باش وئریر و کئشئلرده آروادلاردان داها چوخ باش وئریلیر.بو، 40 ياشيناجاق چوخ گئتمز.درمانسيز، عادي نين ياشاماق مودّتي يدّي آي دير.حالداکی درمانلارلا، عادي اولاراق 4-5 ایلده حیات قالماق اولار.بش ایللیک حیات قالما سایی 49%-ه یاخینلاشیر.میلوما سؤزو یونانی myelo-دن "مئرگی" و -oma-دن "تورک" معناسيندان گلدي.<ref name=Raab2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Raab MS, Podar K, Breitkreutz I, Richardson PG, Anderson KC |title=Multiple myeloma |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_july-25-31-2009_374_9686/page/324 |journal=Lancet |volume=374 |issue=9686 |pages=324–39 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19541364 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60221-X}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016Pro /><ref name=SEER2016>{{cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Myeloma|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html|website=NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program|accessdate=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727230344/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html|archivedate=27 July 2016}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == flpg11lirg4gmhperyz9ov4aspe8bpj 0 613290 1590464 1562236 2026-07-12T17:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Bed bugs|synonyms=Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation|image=Bed bug, Cimex lectularius.jpg|alt=|caption=An adult bed bug (''[[Cimex lectularius]]'') with the typical flattened oval shape|pronounce=|field=[[Family medicine]], [[dermatology]]|Symptoms=None to prominent [[blisters]], itchy<ref name=And2006>{{cite book |author1=James, William D. |author2=Berger, Timothy G. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |url=https://archive.org/details/andrewsdiseaseso0000jame_10ed |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7216-2921-6 |oclc= |doi= |display-authors=etal|page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewsdiseaseso0000jame_10ed/page/446 446]}}</ref><ref name=Ib2017 />|complications=|Onset=Minutes to days after the bite<ref name=Ib2017 />|Duration=|Types=|causes=''[[Cimex]]'' (primarily ''[[Cimex lectularius]]'' and ''[[Cimex hemipterus]]'')<ref name=JAMA2009>{{Cite journal |author1=Jerome Goddard |author2=Richard deShazo |year=2009 |title=Bed bugs (''Cimex lectularius'') and clinical consequences of their bites |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2009-04-01_301_13/page/1358 |journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=301 |issue=13 |pages=1358–1366 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.405 |pmid=19336711|doi-access=free }}</ref>|risks=Travel, second-hand furnishings<ref name=Kolb2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kolb A, Needham GR, Neyman KM, High WA |title=Bedbugs |journal=Dermatol Ther |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=347–52 |year=2009 |pmid=19580578 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01246.x |url=}}</ref>|Diagnosis=Based on finding bed bugs and symptoms<ref name=GP2009 />|differential=[[Allergy|Allergic reaction]], [[scabies]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]]<ref name=Ib2017 />|Prevention=|Treatment=[[Symptomatic treatment|Symptomatic]], [[bed bug eradication]]<ref name=Ib2017 />|Medication=[[Antihistamine|Antihistamines]], [[corticosteroids]]<ref name=Ib2017 />|Prognosis=|frequency=Relatively common<ref name=Dog2012>{{cite journal |last1=Doggett |first1=SL |last2=Dwyer |first2=DE |last3=Peñas |first3=PF |last4=Russell |first4=RC |title=Bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options. |journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews |date=January 2012 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=164–92 |doi=10.1128/CMR.05015-11 |pmid=22232375|pmc=3255965 }}</ref>|Deaths=}} یاتاق بیت لری، اینسان قانینی یئتیردیگی حشراتلرین بیر نؤعیدیر، معمولاً گئجه. اونلارين دئشلری، پوستین آجیسی، روان و [[آلرژی|آلرژیک]] علامتلرینی دن عیبارت بیر سیراً ساغلیق ائتکیلرینه ندن اولا بیلر.یاتاق حشراتینین دَیَرلرینه گؤره، دَرئسده گؤرونمهدن، قیزیللیغی اولان کیچیک ساحه لردن باشلایان بؤیوک بولودلارا قدر دَییشیقلار باشلاییر.علامتلرین ظاهیر اولماسی بیر نئچه دقیقه دن بیر نئچه گونا قدر داوام ائدیر و معمولاً خاراباليقلار گؤستریلیر.بعضي آداملار يورغونلوق و يا قيزديرمايا دوچار اولورلار.عادي اولاراق، بدنين اؤرتولمه ميش بؤلگه لري تأثيرينده دير و چوخ واخت اوچ دفعه يوکسه يير.یاتاق بیت لرینین دئییرمکلری هانسی بیر یولداشیب یولداشمالی یارا یئر آلماز.گئجه لرنده اؤلو دَرَک یا Vasculitis ساحه لری ده اولا بیلر.<ref name=Ib2017>{{cite journal |last1=Ibrahim |first1=O |last2=Syed |first2=UM |last3=Tomecki |first3=KJ |title=Bedbugs: Helping your patient through an infestation. |journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine |date=March 2017 |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.3949/ccjm.84a.15024 |pmid=28322676|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Ib2017 /><ref name=Ib2017 /><ref name=GP2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Doggett SL, Russell R |title=Bed bugs – What the GP needs to know |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=38 |issue=11 |pages=880–4 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19893834 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="CDC2017Trans">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/faqs.html|title=Bed Bugs FAQs|last=|first=|date=2 May 2017|website=|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922030210/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/faqs.html|archive-date=22 September 2018|url-status=live|accessdate=2 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=Ib2017 /> یاتاق بیت لرینین دئییرلر کیمیاکس نوعونون دو گونه سی: ''[[کیمکس لکتولاریوس|Cimex lectularius]]'' (یاشاییش کیشی) و ''Cimex hemipterus،'' اساساً تروپکده یئرلشیب.اونلارين اؤلچوسو 1 - 7 mm دن آرتیق دیر.اونلار یاخین ساحه لرده یاخینلاشماقلا یا دا اؤز اشیا لرینده آپارماقلا یاییلمیشلار.بو حرب چوخ ندیر کی، هئیجیناسی نین یوخلوغوندان اولور، آمّا چوخ کثافتلی ساحه لرده داها چوخ گؤروشیلیر.تشخيص، هم حشراتلرين تاپيلماسيني، هم ده تطابقلي علامتلرين باش ورمهيئني چئوریر.یاتاق بیت لرین واختین چوخونو قارانلیقدا، ماتراس توخوملاری و یا دووارداکی شققلار کیمی گئزلی یئرلرده کچئرتمکلر.<ref name=Ib2017 /><ref name=Ib2017 /> درمان بو علایمی یوخسا بیت لری آرادان آپارماق دیر.یاتاق بیتلرین ائودن آرادان آپارماق اۆچۆن چوخ واخت لار زور بیر ایش دیر.چون یاتاق بیت لری بیر ایله جک یئمیه یئمیه دیری قالابیلیر لر . ائوی تکرار ضید عفونی ائتمک گرکیر. بو درمان یوخسا ضید عفونی ده بیر یولی ائوین دماسین ۹۰ دقیقیه جک ۵۰ درجیه قالخیزماق دیر. تز تز ائوی تمیزلمک و پالتارلاری یوخاری دما دا یوماق دیر. یاتاق بیت لری دۆنیانین هر یانیندا اولابیلیر. بو بیت لره بولاشماق چوخ اولان بیر شئی دیر. ۱۹۹۰ دان بیت لره بولاشماق ساییسی بیلینمیین ندن لره گؤره چوخالدی. == قایناقلار: == <references /> mm2umegzdc1xco0tvrcvsg73wkjngvy 0 613323 1590444 1547612 2026-07-12T16:31:26Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Bubonic plague|synonym=|image=Plague_-buboes.jpg|alt=|caption=A ''[[bubo]]'' on the upper thigh of a person infected with bubonic plague.|pronounce=|field=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|Symptoms=[[Fever]], [[headache]]s, vomiting, swollen [[lymph node]]s<ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=CDC2012Sym>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/plague/symptoms/index.html |title=Plague Symptoms |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819134608/http://www.cdc.gov/plague/symptoms/index.html |archive-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>|complications=|Onset=1–7 days after exposure<ref name=WHO2014 />|Duration=|Types=|causes=''[[Yersinia pestis]]'' spread by [[fleas]]<ref name=WHO2014 />|risks=|Diagnosis=Finding the bacterium in the blood, [[sputum]], or lymph nodes<ref name=WHO2014 />|differential=|Prevention=|Treatment=Antibiotics such as [[streptomycin]], [[gentamicin]], or [[doxycycline]]<ref name=Lancet2007 /><ref name=CDC2012Tx>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/plague/healthcare/clinicians.html |title=Plague Resources for Clinicians |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821214546/http://www.cdc.gov/plague/healthcare/clinicians.html |archive-date=21 August 2015}}</ref>|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=650 cases reported a year<ref name=WHO2014 />|Deaths=10% mortality with treatment<ref name=Lancet2007 /><br>30-90% if untreated<ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=Lancet2007 />}} '''بوبونیک''' [[طاعون|طاعونی،]] ''یرسینیا پستیس'' باکتریاسی نین ندنی اولدوغو اوچ طاعون نوعوندان بیریدیر. بیر- يدّي گون سورا باکتیرالارا توخونوب، آنفلانزا کیمی علامتلر یارانیر. بو علامتلر: قيزديرما، [[باش آغری‌سی|باش آغريسي]] و قوسماق. بيكتيريا دَرينه گئدن يردن ياخين اولان يئرده يئنيلن و آغريلي لنف گوزلري ياييليب. هردن، پوخولان لنف گوزلرینی آچیب گتیریر.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|author1=World Health Organization|title=Plague Fact sheet N°267|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs267/en/|access-date=10 May 2015|date=November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424065540/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs267/en/|archive-date=24 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=WHO2014 /> اوچ نووع طاعون، اینفئکشن یولونون سونوجو دور: بوبونیک طاعونو, سیپتیکمیک طاعونو و پمونیک طاعوون. بوبونیک وبا اساساً کئچئک حيوانلاردان آلوده بولاقلار طرفیندن یاییلیر. بو، اؤلن وبا خسته اولان حيوانين بدن سئللري ائله قاريشماسيندان دا باش آلماق اولار.<ref name=WHO2014 /> بو باکتئرالار بوفونک طاعون شکلینده بالاجا کسمه له درییه گیرمکده و لیمفاسازا و لیمفا گئجه لر له گئجه ییب، اونون بویونا ندن اولورلار. آراشماق، لئمف گوزلریندن اولان قاندا، سپوتومدا و یا مایعدا اولان باکتریلرین تاپماقلا باشلاییب.<ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=WHO2014 /> قارشی لاشماق، پوبیک یئرلرینده اؤلو حيوانلارلا دستک اولماسي کیمی توپلوم ساغلیق تدبیرلری ایله اولور. واکسینلار طاعونلارین قاباغیندا چوخ یاخشی اولمایان بیلینیپ. درماندا بیر نئچه [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی بیوتیک]] یاخشی یئرلشیر، بو درایپتورومیسین، [[جنتامایسین|جنتامیسین]] و [[داوکسیسایکلین|دوکسیسیکلین]] دن عیبارت دیر. درمان اولماسا، طاعون بو خسته لرین ۳۰-۹۰%-ینین اؤلومونه سبب اولور. اؤلوم، اگر باش وئریرسه، عادي اولاراق اون گون عرضینده اولور.<ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=Lancet2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prentice MB, Rahalison L | title = Plague | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-7-13-2007_369_9568/page/1196 | journal = Lancet | volume = 369 | issue = 9568 | pages = 1196–207 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17416264 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60566-2 | s2cid = 208790222 }}</ref> درماندا اؤلوم خطرینین ۱۰% یاخینلاشدیریلیر. ۲۰۱۰-۱۵ ایللر آراسیندا دونیا بو ایشلرین ۳۲۴۸-ی ثبت ائدیلدی و 584-ی اؤلومه ندن اولدو. چوخ داجی اولان اؤلکه لر [[کونقو دموکراتیک جومهوریتی|کونگو دموکراتیک جمهوریتی،]] مدغقاسقر و [[پرو]] دیر.<ref name=Lancet2007 /><ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name=WHO2014 /> بو وبادان [[قارا اؤلوم|قاران اؤلومون]] ندن اولدوغو بیلینیر کی، ۱۴-جی عصرده آسیا، اوروپا و آفریقا اؤلکه لرینه یئر آلیب و ۵۰ میلیون نفرین اؤلومونه ندن اولدو. بو، اوروپا دان یاشایانلارین ۲۵-۶۰% نچی ساییسیندا ایدی. وبادان سورا ایشچی لرین چوخو هلاک اولدو و ایشچی لیک طلبی ندنینه ایشچیلرین حقوقلاری آرتدی. بعضي تاريخچيلر بونو اوروپا ایقتصادياتينين گئدن دؤورونو گؤرورلر. بو مرض هم ده ۶-جی عصر عصرده [[بیزانس ایمپیراتورلوغو|شرق روم]] ایمپیراتورلوغو ایله باغلی یوسطینیانین طاعونونا و هم ده ۱۸۵۵-جی ایلده یوننان ولایتینه باش وئرن چین، مونقولویا و [[هیندیستان|هیندوستانا]] تأثیر وئرن اوچونجو وبادان دا ندن اولموشدور.<ref name=WHO2014 /><ref name="CDC2012Hx">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/plague/history/index.html |title=Plague History |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821062557/http://www.cdc.gov/plague/history/index.html |archive-date=21 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="CDC2012Hx" /> ''بوبونک'' (اینگیلیسجه: bubonic) سؤزجوگو یونانیجا "گروون" دئییلیر. "بوبوس" سؤزونه ده اینگیلیسجه: "Bubus" سؤزونه دا "Bubes" سؤزونه گؤره دئییلیر. == قایناقلار: == <references /> noi0urt126ds8jvr9o4f0xbs2lp5tev 0 613419 1590513 1567354 2026-07-12T18:28:57Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Hodgkin lymphoma|synonyms=Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease<ref name=Lozano_2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, etal | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 | oclc = 23245604 | hdl = 10536/DRO/DU:30050819 }}</ref>|image=Hodgkin_lymphoma_cytology_large.jpg|caption=[[Micrograph]] showing Hodgkin lymphoma ([[Field stain]])|field=[[Hematology]] and [[oncology]]|Symptoms=[[Fever]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]], non-painful [[lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymph nodes]]<ref name=NCI2016AdPt />|complications=|onset=|Duration=|causes=|risks=[[Epstein–Barr virus]], family history, [[HIV/AIDS]]<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /><ref name=WCR2014Cp2 />|Diagnosis=[[Lymph node biopsy]]<ref name=NCI2016AdPt />|differential=|Prevention=|treatment=[[Chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|stem cell transplant]]<ref name=NCI2016AdPtTx />|Medication=|Prognosis=[[Five-year survival rate]] 86% (USA)<ref name=SEER2016 />|frequency=574,000 (affected during 2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | author1 = GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators }}</ref>|Deaths=23,900 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | author1 = GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators }}</ref>}} '''هودکین''' [[لیمفوم|لیمفوما]]<nowiki/>سی ('''HL''') لیمفوما تئنلی دیر کی، [[سرطان]] لیمفوسیت آدلانان آغ قان حجری نین بیر مخصوص تئنلیندن باش وئریر. علامتلر: تب، گجه لرنده سوق و یا آغئیرلیق چکمه سین. چوخ واخت بوغدا، قولون آلتيندايا، يا دا بوغدا آغريسيزليغا ندن اولان لئمف گوزلري اولاجاق. خسته لر یا دا خاراباليقلار.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt>{{cite web |title= Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version |url= http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq |website= NCI |access-date= 12 August 2016 |date= August 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160728000455/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq |archive-date= 28 July 2016 }}</ref><ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> هودکین لیمفومونون ایکی بؤلومو وار: کلاسیک هودکن لیمفوما و نوډولار لیمفوسیت لرین اوستونلوکونده اولان هودجكن لئمفاما. هودجکین لئمفوماسینین یاریسی ایپشتین- بار ویروسونا گؤره دیر و بونلار عمومیتله کلاسیک شکلدیر. دیگر خطر فاکتورلاری دا، اینگیلیسده اینگیلیسجه ویکی پدیاسی نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش"Hiv/AIDS"، مقاله سیندن گؤتورولوبدور. (۲۱ دسامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). تشخيص لئمف گوزلريندن چوخ يئرلي رئد- استرنبرگ سلولولاری (RS سلولولاری) سيمي هودقين خئلئليلري تاپماقلا گئدر. ویروس مثبت اولان حاللار، ایپشتین- بار ویروسلا باغلی لنفو پرولیفراتوری یوللارین بیر شکلینه مالیک دیر.<ref name=WCR2014Cp2>{{cite book |title= World Cancer Report 2014 |url= https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5 |date=2014 |publisher= World Health Organization |isbn= 978-928320429-9 |pages= Chapter 2.4}}</ref><ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> هودکین لیمفوماسی کیمیا درمانی، رادیوتراپی و ایستئم سلولولارین ترانسپلانتی ایله درمان اولونور. درمانين سئچمه سي چوخ واخت سرطانين نه قدر اؤنملي اولدوغو و یا دا اونون خوش گؤرونمه سي نين اساسينا باغليدير. باشلانيشدا ناخوشلوق، چوخ واخت درمان اولوملو اولور.<ref name=NCI2016AdPtTx>{{cite web |title= Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version |url= http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#section/_86 |website= NCI |access-date= 13 August 2016 |date= August 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160728000455/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#section/_86 |archive-date= 28 July 2016 }}</ref> آمریکادا بش ایل قورتارانلارین تخمینی ۸۶% دیر. ۲۰-دن آشاغی اولانلار اوچون، نَفسی نَفسي ۹۷%-دیر. آمما ایشعاع و کیمیا درمانی بعضی دوروملاری، سونرالارین اونلیکلرینده دیگر سرطان، [[اورک‌توتما مریضلیگی|اۆرک]] یا ده بالون ناخوشلوغو خطرینی آرتیرار.<ref name="Arm2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armitage JO | title = Early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2010-08-12_363_7/page/n73 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 363 | issue = 7 | pages = 653–62 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20818856 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1003733 }}</ref> ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده، دونیا دا ۵۷۴۰۰۰ نفر هودقکین لیمفومونا دوچار اولموش و ۲۳۹۰۰ نفر (۴٫۲%) اؤلدو. آمریکادا، 0.2٪ آدامین بیر واختلاری بو دورومدا یاشاییب. موعاینه نین ان چوخ گؤستریلن یاشی 20 و 40 ایللر آراسین دا دیر. بو آدین آدی اینگیلیسلی بیلیم اینسانی توماس هودجکین دن آلینمیش دیر.<ref name=SEER2016>{{cite web |title= SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Hodgkin Lymphoma |url= http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html |website= NCI |access-date= 13 August 2016 |date= April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121017064937/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html |archive-date= 17 October 2012 }}</ref> == قایناقلار: == <references /> 2yhcmx663p48o2x4l8ftskzowka5cn4 0 613431 1590504 1552603 2026-07-12T18:23:15Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Pancreatitis|image=Illu pancrease.svg|caption=The [[pancreas]] and surrounding [[organ (anatomy)|organs]]|field=[[Gastroenterology]], [[general surgery]]|Symptoms=[[epigastrium|Pain in the upper abdomen]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[fever]], [[steatorrhea|fatty stool]]<ref name=NID2012 />|complications=Infection, bleeding, [[diabetes mellitus]]<ref name=NID2012 />|onset=|Duration=Short or long term<ref name=NID2012 />|causes=[[Gallstone]]s, heavy [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] use, direct trauma, certain medications, [[mumps]]<ref name=NID2012 />|risks=Smoking<ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal|last1=Lankisch|first1=PG|last2=Apte|first2=M|last3=Banks|first3=PA|title=Acute pancreatitis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_july-4-10-2015_386_9988/page/85|journal=Lancet|date=20 January 2015|pmid=25616312|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60649-8|volume=386|issue=9988|pages=85–96}}</ref><ref name=Yad2013>{{cite journal|last1=Yadav|first1=D|last2=Lowenfels|first2=AB|title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gastroenterology_2013-05_144_6/page/1252|journal=Gastroenterology|date=June 2013|volume=144|issue=6|pages=1252–61|pmid=23622135|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068|pmc=3662544}}</ref>|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms, blood [[amylase]] or [[lipase]]<ref name=Gastroenterology2007>{{cite journal|last1=Witt|first1=Heiko|title=Chronic pancreatitis: challenges and advances in pathogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, and therapy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gastroenterology_2007-04_132_4/page/1557|journal=Gastroenterology|date=April 2007|volume=132|issue=4|pages=1557-1573|pmid=17466744|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.001}}</ref><ref name=NID2012 />|differential=|Prevention=|treatment=[[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous fluid]]s, [[pain medication]], [[antibiotic]]s<ref name=NID2012 />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=8.9 million (2015)<!-- incidence --><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|Deaths=132,700 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–44|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref>}} پنکریاتیت پنکراسین آلتیندان عیبارت بیر دوروم دور. پانکراس [[معده]] نین آرخاسیندا یئر آلان بیر بؤیوک عضوی دیر کی، هضم آنزیملری و بیر نئچه هورمون تولید ائدیر. اساس ایکی نووع وار: حاد پانکریاتیت و کرونیک پانکریاتیت. '''پنکریاتیتین''' علامتلری و علامتلرینده، بالین اوست بؤلگه سینده آغری، توکولن و قوسماقلار واردیر. آغری چوخ واخت آرخايا گئدر و عادي اولاراق آغيردير. حاد پانکریاتیتده، تب یاخینلاشما باش وئره بیلر و علامتلر معمولاً بیر نئچه گون عرضینده آرتیب گلیر. اوْیونلارین یئرینه یئریندن دن یئری چیخیر. قاریشیق لیق لر، عفونت، قان تؤکمک، [[دیابت|دیابتی]] یا باشقا عضولرده اولان مشقلر دن عیبارت اولا بیلر.<ref name=NID2012>{{cite web|title=Pancreatitis|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|website=niddk.nih.gov|accessdate=1 March 2015|date=August 16, 2012|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307095945/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|archivedate=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /> آکوت پانکریاتیتین ایکی ان چوخ گؤستریلن ندنی، پانکریاس کانالین قوشولدوغوندان سورا عام کولک لری قیرغونلاشدیریلان کولک داشلار و آغیر الکول ایستیفاده دیر. اؤزگه ندنینه لر ده دیرک آغری، بعضی داوا لار، [[قولاقدیبی خسته‌لیگی|قوخونق]] و [[نئوپلاسم|تومورلار]]. شیره لری نین آخیر لاری نین سونوجوندا کرونیک پانکریاتیت یارانیر. چوخ واخت چوخ ائللر آغیر الکول ایستیفاده سیندن گلیر. باشقا ندنلر ده قاندا قند چوخلوغونا، قاندا کلسیم چوخلوغونا, بعضی دوالارا و بعضی ژنیتیک ایختلاللارا یوخسا بوزوکلوق لارا کیستک فیبروزسه سیناخیلیر. توتماق حاد و کرونیک پانکریاتیتین خطرینی آرتیرار. حاد پانکریاتیتین دیآگنوزو امیلیز یا لیپازین قاندا اوچ قات آرتماسینا اساسن وئریلیر. اوْیونلارین یاخینلاشماسی اولتراسون و سي تی سکن کیمی طیبی گؤستریلر ده یاخشی اولار.<ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /> حاد پانکریاتیت معمولاً اینتروناویز مایع، [[آغری کسیجی|آغری]] داواسی و بعضاً [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی]] بیوتیکلرله درمان اولونور. عادي اولاراق، يئمک و ایچمک ایجازه اولونماز و بورون معده سينه قاران تویو قویولور. ديستال عام کولونکولون معائنات ائتمه سی و اگر موجود اولسا، کولونکولوپاکریاتوگرافي (ERCP) آدلی اینندوسکوپ ریتروگرافي بیر پروژئدرالاری کئچیریلیر. سيلان داشلاري اولانلاردا سيلان بولوزو دا چوخ واخت آرادان آپاريلير. اوْلانلارا علاوه، اوْلموش پَنْکَریاتیتده، معقول تغذیه اوچون، نازوگستریک لوله له موقعی یئمک ده ایستیفاده اولونمالیدیر. اوزون مودّتده رژیمده دَییشدیرمه لر و پَنکرایاسین آنزیم عوضولری لازیم اولمالیدیر. هردن دا پئنکراسین بعضی بؤلوملریني آرادان آپارماق اوچون جراحیلر کئچیریلیر.<ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /><ref name=NID2012 /> دونیا بو ایلین ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلینده ۸.۹ میلیون پنکریاتیت ایسه باش وئرمیش دیر. بو، ۱۳۲۷۰۰ نفرین اؤلومو ندن اولدو. حاد پانکریاتیت هر 100000 نفرده هر ایل 30 نفرده باش وئریر. یئنی پانکریاتیت حادثه لری ایلدا هر ۱۰۰٬۰۰۰ نفرین ۸ نفرینه باش وئریر و ایندیکی دؤورده آمریکا اؤلکه سینده هر ۱۰۰٬۰۰ نفرین ۵۰ نفرینه باش وئریر. بو، قادینلاردان داها چوخ کیشیلرده باش وئریر. چوخ واخت، 30 و 40 ياشلار آراسيندا آخان پنکریاتئت باشلاییر، آمّا اوشاقلاردا چوخ دا چوخ گئدر. حاد پانکریاتیت 1882 ایلینده اوپوسیادا ایلک دفعه، کرونیک پانکریاتیت 1946 ایلینده ایلک دفعا دئییل.<ref name=NID2012 /><ref name="Mun204">{{cite journal|last1=Muniraj|first1=T|last2=Aslanian|first2=HR|last3=Farrell|first3=J|last4=Jamidar|first4=PA|title=Chronic pancreatitis, a comprehensive review and update. Part I: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical features.|journal=Disease-a-month : DM|date=December 2014|volume=60|issue=12|pages=530–50|pmid=25510320|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.11.002}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == <references /> 9l6taodn0uvvo0t8bccug3r7nzi8t32 0 613470 1590445 1548174 2026-07-12T16:34:06Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|image=Centrilobular emphysema 865 lores.jpg|caption=[[Gross pathology]] of a lung showing [[Pneumatosis#Centrilobular emphysema|centrilobular emphysema]] characteristic of smoking. This close-up of the [[Fixation (histology)|fixed]], cut lung surface shows multiple cavities filled with heavy [[black carbon]] deposits.|field=[[Pulmonology]]|synonyms=Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary emphysema|Symptoms=[[Shortness of breath]], [[cough]] with [[sputum]] production.<ref name=GOLD2017Chp1 /><!--pp. 25–26-->|complications=[[Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<ref name=Lancet2012 />|onset=Over 40 years old<ref name=WHO2015 />|Duration=Long term<ref name=WHO2015 />|causes=[[Tobacco smoking]], [[air pollution]], [[genetics]]<ref name=Lancet2012 />|risks=|Diagnosis=[[pulmonary function test|Lung function test]]s<ref name=Nathell>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nathell L, Nathell M, Malmberg P, Larsson K | title = COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques | journal = Respiratory Research | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 89 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 18053200 | pmc = 2217523 | doi = 10.1186/1465-9921-8-89 }}</ref>|differential=[[Asthma]]<ref name=WHO2015 />|Prevention=Improving indoor and outdoor [[air quality]], [[tobacco control]] measures<ref name=WHO2015 />|treatment=[[smoking cessation|Stopping smoking]], [[respiratory rehabilitation]], [[lung transplantation]]<ref name=Lancet2012 />|Medication=[[Vaccination]]s, inhaled [[bronchodilator]]s, inhaled [[Corticosteroid|steroids]], [[oxygen therapy|long-term oxygen therapy]]<ref name=Lancet2012 /><ref name=GOLD2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J | s2cid = 20863981 | title = Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2007-09-15_176_6/page/532 | journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume = 176 | issue = 6 | pages = 532–55 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17507545 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO | hdl = 2066/51740 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>|Prognosis=|frequency=174.5&nbsp;million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>|Deaths=3.2&nbsp;million (2019)<ref name=WHO2021Fact>{{cite web |title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd) |website=www.who.int |accessdate=28 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418080747/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} '''آغجییرین کرونیک آبستراکتیو مریضلیگی''' (COPD) اوزون مودّت بویو نفس آلما مسئله لری و ضعیف هاوا آخینتی ایله تانیش بیر سورون کولونلار بیلیمی دیر. اساس علامتلرین دن عیبارت دیر: نفس کسمه و آسقیرماق. '''COPD''' پروگراسئویی بیر ناخوشلوقدور، یعنی عایله لرین ایچینده داها دا یاخینلاشیر.<ref name=GOLD2017Chp1>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Bourbeau J, Celli BR, Chen R, Decramer M, Fabbri LM, Frith P, Halpin DM, López Varela MV, Nishimura M, Roche N, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Sin DD, Singh D, Stockley R, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Agusti A | s2cid = 42027653 | display-authors = 6 | title = Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary | journal = Respirology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 575–601 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 28150362 | doi = 10.1111/resp.13012 | doi-access = free }}</ref> آخيردا، گِدَن و يا پالتار گيمک کئمي گونده لئک ائشلر چتینلیيه گلر. کرونیک '''برونکیت''' و ایمفزیما، COPD- نين فرقلی تیرئپلرینه گؤره داها قدیم اصطلاحلاردیر. "خوردون سوزونلو برونکیت" اصطلاحی هله ده ایسه ایشلندیریلیر کی، هر ایل کیمی ایکی ایل عرضئنده هر ایکی آیلیق یئر آلان محصوللو سسلری تعبیر ائتمک اوچون. بو کسيلمه لرله اولانلار COPD- نين گلمه خطرينه چوخ دوشه جکلر.<ref name=GOLD2017Chp1 /> "فزیسم" اصطلاحي ده توخوملار ايچيندن هوا و يا باشقا گازلارين نارساليقدير. ان چوخ گؤرۆلن ندنی تاماکا توتماقدیر، بو کیمی فضانین آلینماسی و ژنتیک فاکتورلارین ندننینه ندن اولان کیمی آز دا کیسلری واردیر. گئنیشلَنَن اؤلکه لرده، گؤي سالينما ساييلارين اورتاسيندا اولان يئرلي يئرلي حرارتي و پئشنده يانارلار دا وار. بو ايشيقلامالارين اوزون مودّت عرضینده، پیتکده يانيشلي جاوابلار ياراييردي و بو ندندن کیچیک نفس يوللاري چکمک و پئتک توخوملاري پوزولوردو. تشخیص، پمبون فعالیت معایناتلاری ایله اؤلچولن ضعیف هوا آخینماسینا اساسلانیر. آستما دان فرقلي اولاراق، برونکوديلاتورون ايستمه سينده هوا آخينتي سينين آزالماسيني چوخ آرتيرماز.<ref name=WHO2015>{{cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Fact sheet N°315|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 March 2016|date=January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082716/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> چوخلو نمونه لر خطر فاکتورلارینا قارشی لیغی آزالماقلا مخدره ائدیرلر. بو، تاماكا توتماق و ائچهري و اشيالاردا هواين کيفيتيني آرتيرماغي دا اؤزونده گئتمکدن عبارتدير. درمانین یاخینلاشماسی ایسه، درمانین درمانی بیلینمیر. درمانلار، تاماكا توتماق، واکسينات و نفس آلما يولو بازي ائتمه سيني دن عیبارتدير. باشلانيش bronchodilator عمومًا LAMA دیر، لازيم اولاندا LABAs و سستروئيدلر قوشولور. بعضي آداملارا اوزون مودّت عرضینده اوکسيژن درماني و يا بالون ترانسپلانتسيون سودي آلیر. حاد حادثه لرین آخماسینین واختلارینی اولانلاردا، دارالاشما، [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی بیوتیک،]] سټرایود و خسته خانادا یئرلشمه یه داها چوخ احتیاجی وار.<ref name=WHO2015 /><ref name="Cag2023">{{cite journal |last1=Cagle SD |first1=Jr |last2=Landrum |first2=LS |last3=Kennedy |first3=AM |title=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management. |journal=American family physician |date=June 2023 |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=604-612 |pmid=37327161}}</ref><ref name=Lancet2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M | title = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | journal = Lancet | volume = 379 | issue = 9823 | pages = 1341–51 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22314182 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9 | pmc = 7172377 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.1000.1967 }}</ref> ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده، COPD ۱۷۴.۵ میلیون نفرین (قلوبون جمعیتینین ۱۲٪) ایله ایلگیلمیشدی. آمریکادا بو، ۶% اینسانا تأثیر وئریر. عادي اولاراق 40 ياشين اوستونلرده باش وئرير. اَرلر و قادینلار اِله بیر شکیلده چوخ دا یاخشی یئرلشیبلر. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده ۳.۲ میلیون اؤلومه سبب اولدو، و بو، ۹۰%-دن چوخ یئنیله نمیش اؤلکه لرده، ۱۹۹۰-جی ایل ده ۲.۴ میلیون اؤلومدن چوخدور.<ref name=WHO2015 /><ref name=WHO2015 /> اؤلموشلرین سایی نین چوخالماسی ایسه ایسه ایشلدن گلیشیرکن اؤلکه لرده تاماکا توتماقین چوخلوغو و چوخ اؤلکه لرده یاشلیغی نین قوجالماسی ندنینه داها دا آرتماقدا دیر. ۲۰۱۰-جی ایلده ۲.۱ تریلیون دوللارین تخمین اولونموش اقتصادی هزینه لرینه ندن اولدو. == قایناقلار: == <references /> 918rlnqos531tcd30ni841bvppn3b1d 0 613480 1590443 1548201 2026-07-12T16:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Hypertension|image=Grade 1 hypertension.jpg|caption=Automated arm [[sphygmomanometer|blood pressure meter]] showing [[artery|arterial]] hypertension (shown a [[systolic blood pressure]] 158&nbsp;mmHg, [[diastolic blood pressure]] 99&nbsp;mmHg and [[heart rate]] of 80 beats per minute)|field=[[Cardiology]]|synonyms=Arterial hypertension, high blood pressure|Symptoms=None<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web|title=High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|website=CDC|access-date=6 March 2016|date=February 19, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306125631/http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|archive-date=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|complications=[[Coronary artery disease]], [[stroke]], [[heart failure]], [[peripheral arterial disease]], [[vision loss]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[dementia]]<ref name=Lack2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lackland DT, Weber MA | title = Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core | journal = The Canadian Journal of Cardiology | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 569–71 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25795106 | doi = 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009 }}</ref><ref name=WHO2011>{{cite book|last1=Mendis|first1=Shanthi|last2=Puska|first2=Pekka|last3=Norrving|first3=Bo |title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control|date=2011|publisher=World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241564373|pages=38|edition=1st|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817123106/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=17 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Hernandorena2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hernandorena I, Duron E, Vidal JS, Hanon O | title = Treatment options and considerations for hypertensive patients to prevent dementia | journal = Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy | volume = 18 | issue = 10 | pages = 989–1000 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28532183 | doi = 10.1080/14656566.2017.1333599 | type = Review }}</ref>|onset=|Duration=|causes=Usually lifestyle and genetic factors<ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name="pmid10645931">{{cite journal | vauthors = Carretero OA, Oparil S | title = Essential hypertension. Part I: definition and etiology | journal = Circulation | volume = 101 | issue = 3 | pages = 329–35 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10645931 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329 | df = dmy-all | doi-access = free }}</ref>|risks=Excess salt, [[overweight|excess body weight]], [[smoking]], alcohol<ref name=CDC2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 />|Diagnosis=Resting blood pressure<br>&nbsp;130/80 or 140/90&nbsp;mmHg<ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=AHA2017 />|differential=|Prevention=|treatment=Lifestyle changes, medications<ref name=NIH2015Tx />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=16–37% globally<ref name=Lancet2015 />|Deaths=9.4 million / 18% (2010)<ref name=Camp2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Campbell NR, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Niebylski ML, Nilsson PM, Zhang XH | title = Using the Global Burden of Disease study to assist development of nation-specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the World Hypertension League | journal = Journal of Clinical Hypertension | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 165–7 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25644474 | doi = 10.1111/jch.12479 }}</ref>}} ارتونسون ('''HTN''' یا HT) ، یا دا ارتونسونون ('''HBP''') آدلانماسی، آرتیرا لاردا '''قان''' فیشارینین دواملا آرتماسی اولان اوزون مودّتلی بیر [[مریضلیک|طیبی]] دوروم دور. یوخاری قان فیشاری معمولاً علامتلرین اولماسی ندن اولور. آمما اوزون مودّت عرضینده قان نثرینین چوخلوغونا گؤره، کوروناریتیرلار مریضلیک، سسک، اۆرک شیکلی، آتریال فبریلاسیون، پردیزیال آرتریالری بیماری، گؤزو گؤرمک، کرونیک گورونجو و [[دیمئنسییا|دیمنسییا]] خطر فاکتورودور. یوختری قان فیشارلاری بیرینجی (بؤیله لی) یا دا ثانویه یوخاری فیشارلار (هپرتونیا) اولاراق طبقه بندی اولونور. 90-95٪ اوْیونلارین اساسین دا دیر، اوْیوملوک طرزین و ژنیتیک فاکتورلارین اساسینا گؤره قانلی اوجا فشارینی دئییر. بو خطرده اولان فاکتورلار، [[دوز]] و یا بدنین آغیرلاییش، تاماکا توتماق و الکول ایستیفاده سی دیر. قالان 5-10% داکی کیسلری ثانوی اونوتما قانین فشارینا، یا دا کرونیک بالیغی مرضینه، بالیغی آرتیری نین سینگیلمه سینه، ایندوکرین ایختلالینه، یا دوغومون قاباغی آلما قرصلرینین ایستیفاده سینه گؤره بیلینن اونوتماقانین فیشارینا گؤره طبقه بندی اولونور.<ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M | title = Hypertension | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_august-22-28-2015_386_9995/page/801 | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9995 | pages = 801–12 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 25832858 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61468-9 }}</ref><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /> قان فیشارینی ایکی اؤلچو، سیستولک و دیاستولک فیشارلار، یعنی هر دو طرفین ایستیفاده ائتمه لی اوْلماسی ایله گؤستریرلر. یاشاماقدا اولان دوغال قانین فیشارینین چوخو بؤیوکلر اوچون 100-130 میلی متر ذئبق (mmHg) سیستول و 60- 80 mmHg دیاستولک لیک لیک لری آراسین دا دیر. یاشاماقدا قانین فیشارینین 130/ 80 و 140/ 90 mmHg دن یا دا اوندان اوستون اولماسی، اکثر بؤیوکلر اوچون، اوجا قان فشارینین گؤستریلیشی دیر. اوشاقلارا فرقلي سايلار دئییلیر.<ref name=AHA2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT | title = 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines | journal = Hypertension | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = e13–e115 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29133356 | doi = 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ۲۴ ساعات عرضینده قان نثرینین آباژولاتورلوغو قان نثرینی اؤلچمک، آفسدا قان نثرین اؤلچمکدن داها دوغرو گؤرونور.<ref name=Lancet2015 /> یاشاییش طرزینی دَییشدیرمک و دارو الده ائتمک قان فیشارینی آلچایا بیلر و ساغلیق داورلیغی خطرینی آزالدیر. یاشام طریقه سینده کی ایستیفاده لرین ساییندا، وزن ائتمه، بدن حرکتی، دوز آلماسی، الکول آلماسی و ساغلام بیر رژیم دن باشقا ایستیفاده لری ده شامل دیر. اگر یاشاییش طرزین دَییشدیرمه سی کافی اولمازسا، قان فشارینا دارالاشماکلار ایستیفاده اولونور. اوچ دوايا قدر 90%-ده اينسانلارين قان نري نظرده توتولور. معتدل درجه ده اوجا قان فشارینین (< 160/100 mmHg) داروايشلارلا درمان ائتمه سی، یاشاماق مۆمکنی نین یاخشیلاشماسی ایله باغلی دیر.<ref name=NIH2015Tx>{{cite web|title=How Is High Blood Pressure Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=6 March 2016|date=September 10, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406073903/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment|archive-date=6 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=Lancet2015 /> 130/ 80 mmHg و 160/100 mmHg آراسین دا اولان قان نریسی نین درمانین تأثیری داها دا آجی دئییل، بعضی آراشدیرمالار دا فایدالی و اؤزگه لر ده آجی فایدالی اولدوغونو آچیقلاییب. ارتفاعلی قان فشاری دونیا دا کیمی 16 و 37% جمعیتین اوستونه تأثیر گؤستریر. 2010-جی ایلده هیپرتونسیا بوتون اؤلوملرین ۱۸%-ینه (قوماردا ۹.۴ میلیون) ندن اولدوغو اعتین ائدیلیب.<ref name=Lancet2015 /> [[فایل:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Hypertension.webm|thumbtime=2:16|بندانگشتی|خلاصه ویدئو (اسکرپتی)]] == قایناقلار: == 5ka1aygvycv2qpr8afrjogttauzznx5 0 613484 1590474 1548221 2026-07-12T17:30:28Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{قیسا آچیقلاما|Death of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow}} {{دیگر ایستیفاده‌لر}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = سکته | image = MCA Territory Infarct.svg | caption = [[CT scan]] of the brain showing a prior right-sided [[ischemic]] stroke from blockage of an artery. Changes on a CT may not be visible early on.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Gaillard F |title=Ischaemic stroke |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ischaemic-stroke |website=radiopaedia.org |access-date=3 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> | field = [[نورولوژی]], stroke medicine | synonyms = Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), brain attack | symptoms = [[hemiplegia|Inability to move or feel]] on one side of the body, [[receptive aphasia|problems understanding]] or [[expressive aphasia|speaking]], [[dizziness]], [[Homonymous hemianopsia|loss of vision to one side]]<ref name=Donnan2008/><ref name=HLB2014S/> | complications = [[Persistent vegetative state]]<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Martin G |title=Palliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End of Life, Third Edition|date=2009|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-5792-8|page=290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTexGiX5bqoC&pg=PA290|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803132127/https://books.google.com/books?id=rTexGiX5bqoC&pg=PA290|archive-date=2017-08-03}}</ref> | onset = | duration = | causes = [[brain ischemia|Ischemic]] (blockage) and [[بئیین قان‌سیزماسی|hemorrhagic]] (bleeding)<ref name=HLB2014W/> | risks = Age,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/causes/ | title=Stroke - Causes | date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> [[یوخاری قان فیشاری|High blood pressure]], [[tobacco smoking]], [[کؤکلوک]], [[hypercholesterolemia|high blood cholesterol]], [[دیابت]], previous [[Transient ischemic attack|TIA]], [[end-stage kidney disease]], [[atrial fibrillation]]<ref name=Donnan2008/><ref name=HLB2014C/><ref name="Hu2018"/> | diagnosis = Based on symptoms with [[medical imaging]] typically used to rule out bleeding<ref name=HLB2014D/><ref name=AFP2009/> | differential = [[Low blood sugar]]<ref name=HLB2014D/> | prevention = | treatment = Based on the type<ref name=Donnan2008/> | medication = | prognosis = Average life expectancy 1 year<ref name=Donnan2008/> | frequency = 42.4 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/> | deaths = 6.3 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/> }} '''سکته''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Stroke}})، بیر نووع ساغلیق دورومو دور . سکته نین اصل ده ایکی نؤوع دا دیر: ایشیمیک، قان آخینماسینین یوخلوغوندان و قان آخینماسیندان دوشن قان آخین. هر ایکیسي ده بئیینین بعضی بؤلگه لرینین دوزگون ایشله مه سینی ایسته ییر. سکته نین علامتلرینده، بدنین بیر طرفینه حرکت و یا حیس ائتمه ایمکانلیغی، درک و یا دانیشیقدا اولان چتینلری، باش چئوریشی و یا بیر طرفه گؤره بیلمه سینی دخیل اولا بیلر. سیلیکون باشلادیغیندان سونرا علامتلر و علامتلر چوخ واخت گؤرونه جک. اگر علامتلر بیر یا ایکي ساعاتدان آز داوام ائدیرسه، سکم کئچمیش ایشیمیک حمله دیر (TIA) ، یا دا مینی سکم آدلانیر. قان آخماسی دا [[بئیین|آغری]] باش آغریسی ایله باغلی اولا بیلر. سکته علامتلري دایم اولا بیلر. اوزون مودّتده اولان komplikاتلارا نیومونیا و مثانه نین کونترول ائتمه سی دخیل اولا بیلر.<ref name="HLB2014W">{{cite web|title=What Is a Stroke?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov/|access-date=26 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218230259/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/|archive-date=18 February 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="HLB2014W" /><ref name="HLB2014S">{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/signs|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227083736/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/signs|archive-date=27 February 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="HLB2014S" /><ref name="HLB2014S" /><ref name="HLB2014W" /><ref name="HLB2014S" /> سکته نین اساس خطر فاکتورو یوخاری قان فیشاریدیر. توتون توتماق، کؤکلو، خوندا کولسترولون چوخلوغونو، [[دیابت|دیابتی]] آلتی، اؤتن TIA، آخیر مرحله ده اولان گورجوما و آتریال فبریلاسیون دا خطر فاکتورلاریدیر. ایشیمیک سکته لر معمولاً [[یوخاری قان فیشاری|قان]] داماری نین قیرغیشلاشیندان اولور، آمما داها آز دا چوخ عام ندنی وار.<ref name="HLB2014C">{{cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for a Stroke?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/atrisk|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227085058/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/atrisk|archive-date=27 February 2015|df=}}</ref> قان آخماق، یا دا دیرک بئیینین، یا دا بئیین مبرنالارینین آراسینداکی بوشلوقدا قان آخماسیندان باش وئریر. قان تؤکولمه سی آغری نین سینماغین آنوريزماسیندان گلیر. تشخيص عادي اولاراق فيزيکي معائناتين اساسيندا و CT يا MRI سکن سيراسيندان معاون اولور. CT scan قان تؤکمک ایستیفاده ائتمه یه بیله بیلر، آمما لازیم اولماز کی، ایسکمیا، کی، ایلکجه CT scan-دا گؤرونمز. دیگر تستلر کیمی الکتروکاردیئوگرام (ECG) و قان معایناتی خطر فاکتورلارینی تعیین و باشقا مومکون ندنی لرین ردّ اولونماسی اوچون کئچیریلیر. قاندا قندین آشاغی اولدوغو دا بونا بنزر علامتلرین ندن اولا بیلر.<ref name="HLB2014T">{{cite web|title=Types of Stroke|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/types|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319163549/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/types|archive-date=19 March 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="HLB2014T" /><ref name="HLB2014D">{{cite web|title=How Is a Stroke Diagnosed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227083640/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis|archive-date=27 February 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="HLB2014D" /> مخنیفده خطر فاکتورلارین آزالماسی، سورونلاری قاروتید قیسماسی اولانلارین آرتیریالارینی آغریینا آچماق اوچون جراحی و آتریال فبریلاسی اولانلاردا [[وارفارین]] و یا باشقا ضد قانقونلاشما دارالاری شامل دیر. ایستیفاده ائتمک اوچون [[آسپیرین|آسپرین]] و یا استاتینلر توصیه اولونور. سکته یا TIA چوخ واخت عاجل یاردیملار لازیمدیر. اگر ۳- ۴٫۵ ساعاتدا ایسکمیک سکته یئرلشیر، او، قان توتانین شکلینده بیر دوروملا درمان اولونور. بعضي قانلي سلوکلر [[بئیین و عصب جراحلیقی|جراحلي]] عملدن فايدا تاپير. ائتدیگی فئنكسيونون بیرلشمه سینی چالیشماق اوچون درمان، سئکس ریابئلیتاسي آدلانیر و ایده آل اولاراق سئکس واحدین ده باش وئریر؛ آمما بو، دونیا نین چوخلو ساحه سینده ایستیفاده اولونماز. ۲۰۱۳-جی ایلده ۶٫۹ میلیون نفر ایشمیک سکته یه دوشیب و ۳٫۴ میلیون نفر ده قان آخماسی سکته یه دوشدی. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده ۴۲.۴ میلیون نفر سئکورونا دوچار اولوب و هله ده ياشايیرلار. 1990 و 2010 آرتیق هر ایل باش وئرن سکته لرینین سایی توسعه یینلی اؤلکه لرده ۱۰% آزالدی و ایندیکی دؤورده ده ایشله ن اؤلکه لرده ده ۱۰% آرتدی. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده، سلوک کورونار آرتیرییا خسته لیکدن سونرا اؤلومون ان چوخ دوغولان ایسه ایلک سبب اولموشدور. ۳.۳ میلیون نفر ایسه ایشمیک سکته دن و ۳.۳ میلیون نفرین خونریزیک سکتهدن اؤلومو باشلاییب. سکس چکن آداملارين ياريسينين ياخينيسي بئر ائلدن آز ياشاييرير. مجموعی اولاراق، 65 یاشدان اوستونلرین اوچده ایکیسي سئکوتا ووروبلار.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = The Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref><ref name="Fei2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Mensah GA, Connor M, Bennett DA, Moran AE, Sacco RL, Anderson L, Truelsen T, O'Donnell M, Venketasubramanian N, Barker-Collo S, Lawes CM, Wang W, Shinohara Y, Witt E, Ezzati M, Naghavi M, Murray C | display-authors = 6 | title = Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_january-18-24-2014_383_9913/page/245 | journal = The Lancet | volume = 383 | issue = 9913 | pages = 245–54 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24449944 | pmc = 4181600 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4 }}</ref> == قایناقلار: == 2ymp8ldnj6i9eo4pbqxzx0j6yavjf19 0 613493 1590554 1570383 2026-07-13T09:58:46Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|image=Acute Appendicitis.jpg|caption=An acutely inflamed and enlarged appendix, sliced lengthwise.|field=[[General surgery]]|synonyms=Epityphlitis<ref>{{cite web |title=appendicitis |work=Medical Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/epityphlitis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235451/http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/epityphlitis |archive-date=2013-12-30 }}</ref>|Symptoms=Right lower [[abdominal pain]], [[vomiting]], [[anorexia (symptom)|decreased appetite]]<ref name=Graf1996 />|complications=[[peritonitis|Abdominal inflammation]], [[sepsis]]<ref name=Hob1998>{{Cite journal |last=Hobler |first=K. |date=Spring 1998 |title=Acute and Suppurative Appendicitis: Disease Duration and its Implications for Quality Improvement |url=http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/files/Spring1998/appendicitis.pdf |journal=Permanente Medical Journal |volume=2 |issue=2 |access-date=2020-08-01 |archive-date=2021-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306021312/https://www.thepermanentejournal.org/files/Spring1998/appendicitis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|onset=|Duration=|causes=|risks=|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[medical imaging]], blood tests<ref name=Paul2003 />|differential=[[Mesenteric adenitis]], [[cholecystitis]], [[psoas abscess]], [[abdominal aortic aneurysm]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|pages = Chapter A|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|treatment=[[appendectomy|Surgical removal of the appendix]], [[antibiotics]]<ref name=Har2012 /><ref name=Antibiotics2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN | title = Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials | journal = BMJ | volume = 344 | pages = e2156 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22491789 | pmc = 3320713 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.e2156 }}</ref>|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=11.6 million (2015)<!-- incidence table --><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 |doi-access=free}}</ref>|Deaths=50,100 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}} آپاندیست آپندیسین آلتیریقماسی دیر. علامتلرین آراسیندا ساغ بؤیوک قارن آغریسی، تومور، [[قوسما|قوسماق]] و ایشتهاسیزلیق کماللاشماق واردیر. آمما اینسانلارين 40٪-ده بو اؤزل علامتلری یوخدور. موختلیف عواریض آلانکسینین آغیر komplikاتلاری، [[قارین آغریسی|قارین]] دیوی نین ایچکی دری سینده یاییلان، آجی یاندیشی و سیسی دیر.<ref name=Graf1996>{{cite journal | vauthors = Graffeo CS, Counselman FL | title = Appendicitis | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_emergency-medicine-clinics-of-north-america_1996-11_14_4/page/653 | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 653–71 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8921763 | doi = 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70273-x }}</ref><ref name=Graf1996 /> آپندیسین آلتی نین بوش بؤلومونون قیرغیشلیغیندان آلتیندا دیر. بو، چوخ واخت فاکولاردان دوزولموش " داش " نين ندن دیر. ویروس اینفکاسیوناسی، پاراسیتلار، سيلان داشی یا [[نئوپلاسم|تومورلارین]] دن گلن آلتیریق لیمفئید توخوملار دا بو مانعینه سبب اولا بیلر. بو قامتلیگی آلانتیکسده اولان فیشارین آرتماسینا، آلانتیکسک توخوملارینا قان آخینین آزالماسینا و آلانتیکیک دن آلتیریقما ندن اولان باکتئریالین بؤیومونه ندن اولور. آلنما، آلانتیکسه قان آخیمینین آزالماسی و آلانتیکسی نین سوزولمه سی ندن اولور.<ref name=Har2012>{{cite book|editor-last1=Longo|editor-first1=Dan L.|display-editors=etal|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine.|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07174889-6|pages = Chapter 300|edition=18th|url=http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=331&Sectionid=40727094|access-date=6 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330064145/http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=331&sectionid=40727094|archive-date=30 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Har2012 /> اگر بو پروسه درمان اولونماساق، آلانتیکس پارتلاییب، باکتئریالارین قارین بوشلوغونا آزاد اولماسی و بو سببدن پیچیدگیلر آرتیر.<ref name="Schw2010">{{cite book|title=Schwartz's principles of surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/schwartzsprincip0000unse_l9f8|date=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-1547703|pages = Chapter 30|edition=9th}}</ref> آپاندیسیت تشخیصی چوخ درجه ده شخصین علامتلر و علامتلرینه اساسن ائدیلیر. او زامان کی، تشخیصی آشکاری اولماز، یاخین باخماق، طیبی گؤستری آلما و لابراتوار معاینه سی کؤمکلی اولا بیلر. ایکی ان چوخ ایستیفاده اولونان تصویر آلتیراسون و کامپیوتری توموگرافی (CT scan) دیر. CT اسکن حاد اپندیسیتین معلوم ائتمه سینده آلتراسونگ دان داها دوغرو گؤروندو.<ref name=Paul2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Paulson EK, Kalady MF, Pappas TN | title = Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 348 | issue = 3 | pages = 236–42 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12529465 | doi = 10.1056/nejmcp013351 | url = http://faculty.vet.upenn.edu/gastro/documents/NEJMappendicitis.pdf | access-date = 2017-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170922005733/http://faculty.vet.upenn.edu/gastro/documents/NEJMappendicitis.pdf | archive-date = 2017-09-22 | url-status = dead }}</ref> آمما اوشاقلار و امیندوار قادینلاردا اولتراسونگ اولدوقجا ایسته نیلیر، چونکی CT اسکنلردن رادیوتاژ ایشکیلسیله باغلی خطرلر وار.<ref name=Paul2003 /> حاد آپاندیسیت ایستانداردی آپاندیسیت جراحی ایله گؤتورولمه سی دیر. بو، قارنین آچيق پارچاسی (پئرابوتومیا) و یا کیمرا کؤمکله بیر نئچه کیچیک پارچاسی (پارابروسکوپی) ایله یئرله نیلیر. جراحات، آلانتیکین شکسته سیله باغلی جانیبی اثرلر و یا اؤلوم خطرینی آزالدیریر. [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی بیوتیکلر،]] شکسته نمه ین آپاندیسیت بعضی مواردینه گؤره ده اِله قدر مؤثّر اولا بیلر. بو، آغریلي قارن آغریلارینین چوخ گؤروشوب و چوخ دا چوخ دا چوخ گؤروشويونه سبب اولور. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده ۱۱٫۶ میلیون آپاندیسیت ایسه یئر آلیب و بونون نتیجه سینده ۵۰،۱۰۰ نفر اؤلوب. آمریکادا، آپاندیسیت، آپدیت لازیم اولان قفلتن قورساق آغریسی نین ان چوخ گؤستریلن ندنی دیر. هر ایل آمریکا دا ایسپندیسیتسه یارانمیش ۳۰۰۰۰ نفرین ایسپندیکسیسی جراحیله گؤتورولور. ریجنالد فیتز، ۱۸۸۶-جی ایلده بو وضعیتین اول اولوغو آدلاندیریلیر. [[فایل:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Appendicitis.webm|thumbtime=1:10|بندانگشتی|ویدئو باشلاماسینین خلاصه سی (اسکرپتی)]] == قایناقلار: == f716pdue5no3a71nkozhnv0mar3u6lg 0 613497 1590483 1548286 2026-07-12T17:46:41Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Aortic dissection|image=AoDissekt scheme StanfordB en.png|caption=Dissection of the descending part of the aorta (3), which starts from the left subclavian artery and extends to the abdominal aorta (4). The ascending aorta (1) and aortic arch (2) are not involved in this image.|field=[[Vascular surgery]], [[cardiothoracic surgery]]|Symptoms=severe [[acute aortic syndrome|chest or back pain]], vomiting, [[diaphoresis|sweating]], [[lightheadedness]]<ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=White2013 />|complications=[[Stroke]], [[mesenteric ischemia]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[aortic rupture]]<ref name=White2013 />|onset=Sudden<ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=White2013 />|Duration=|causes=|risks=[[High blood pressure]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]], [[bicuspid aortic valve]], previous [[heart surgery]], [[major trauma]], [[smoking]]<ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=White2013 /><ref name=Criado2011 />|Diagnosis=[[Medical imaging]]<ref name=Lancet2016 />|differential=|Prevention=Blood pressure control, not smoking <ref name=Lancet2016 />|treatment=Depends on the type<ref name=Lancet2016 />|Medication=|Prognosis=Mortality without treatment 10% (type B), 50% (type A)<ref name=Criado2011 />|frequency=3 per 100,000 per year<ref name=Criado2011 />|Deaths=}} آورتا سيزکسيون ('''AD''') اوْلاندا، آورتانين لاپ اورتا قاتليغينين يارالانماسي، آورتا دووارينين قاتليغی آراسينا قان آخماغا ندن اولور و قاتليغيني آييرماغا مجبور اولور. چوخ واخت بو، قفلتن قوروموش دؤش و یا آرخ آغریسی نین باشلاماسی ایله باغلی دیر و چوخ واخت "قیرغیش" اولاراق دئییلیر. او، اَلَکدن اَل چکمه یه، سوْت و باش آغیرلاماغا دا باش وره بیلر. باشقا علامتلر، باشقا عضولره قان آخینماسی نین آزلماسيندان باشلاییر، مثلاً سکته و یا میسنترئک ایشیمیادان. '''آورتا''' سيزکسيون قلبه قان آخماسي یا دا آورتا نین تامامن پوزولماسي سببیندن تز اؤلومه ندن اولا بیلر.<ref name=White2013>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=A|last2=Broder|first2=J|last3=Mando-Vandrick|first3=J|last4=Wendell|first4=J|last5=Crowe|first5=J|title=Acute aortic emergencies--part 2: aortic dissections.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_advanced-emergency-nursing-journal_january-march-2013_35_1/page/28|journal=[[Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal]]|date=2013|volume=35|issue=1|pages=28–52|pmid=23364404|doi=10.1097/tme.0b013e31827145d0}}</ref><ref name=White2013 /><ref name=White2013 /> او، اوجالی قان فیشارینا، [[یوخاری قان فیشاری|قان]] وادی دووارینین قووّتینه تأثیر گؤسترن بیر سیرا باغلی توخونما خسته لرینده، [[مارفان سندروم|مارفان سندروما]] و [[ایلرز دانلوس سندروم لاری|ایلرز دانلوس سندروما،]] بیکوسپید آورتیک شیرینه و کئچمیشده اورک جراحیینه گؤره داها چوخ یئرلشیر. بؤیوک travma، تاماکا توتماق، کوکائین مصرفی، [[حامیله‌لیک|امیری،]] سادا آورتیک آنوریزما، آرتیرلارین آلتیماسی و دوغال اولمایانلیپید لیواللاری دا خطرین آرتماسی ایله باغلی دیر. تشخيص، طیبي تصويرلاشما ایله باغلي علامتلر اساسيندا گومان اولونور، اؤرنک کامپيوتر توموگرافي، ماگنیت ريزونانس تصويرلاشماسي، و يا سیسکسيونونو تأييد و داها آرتیق قئيد ائتمک اوچون ایشلَنَن آلتراسون. اساس ایک نؤوع ده استنفورد نوع A دیر، او ایلک بؤلومو ایشله ییب و نوع B ده یوخدور.<ref name=White2013 /><ref name=Lancet2016>{{cite journal|last1=Nienaber|first1=CA|last2=Clough|first2=RE|title=Management of acute aortic dissection.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_february-28-march-6-2015_385_9970/page/800|journal=Lancet|date=28 February 2015|volume=385|issue=9970|pages=800–11|pmid=25662791|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61005-9}}</ref><ref name=Lancet2016 /> موخدره لر قان نوتونون کونترول اولونماسی، تاماکا نوشی و سادا آورتا آنوريزملرینین ترمیم اولونماسی دیر. درمان، ایورتا نین ایستیفاده ائتدیگی بؤلومدن ایستیفاده ائدیر. آورتانين اوّلجی بؤلومونو ایله باغلی سئسکشنلر معمولاً جراحی لازیمدیر. جراحی سینین دهکی یا دا قان وادی نین دن دن ایشله نیب کیشی اولونا بیلر. آورتانين ائکئنجي بؤلومونو توتان سيزکسيون، عادي اولاراق، قان نري و اورقون دؤشومونو آشاغي اِدَن داريشلارلا دا موعالجه اولونور، مگر کي، مضاعفاتلار واردير.<ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=White2013 /> آورتيك سيزکسيونين چوخ نادير و هر 100000 نفر اوچون هر ائل اوچ نفرده باش وئرير. بو، قادینلاردان داها چوخ کیشیلرده باش وئریر. دئییلن کی، دیآگوستین یاشینین کیمی ۶۳ ایل دیر و بو کیمی ۱۰% دا ۴۰ یاشینا چاتمامادان باش وئریر. درمان اولماسا، استنفورد تاييپ A سيزکسيونلاري اولانلارين ياريسي اوچ گون عرضینده اؤله جک و استنفورد تيپ B سيزکسیونلاري اولانين ياريسي بير آي عرضینده اؤلر. ایللرین ایلک ایستیفاده سی ۱۷۶۰-جی ایلده اؤلوموندن سورا [[ایکینجی جرج|بؤیوک بریتانیا شاهی جورج]] آیینجی نین معاینه سینده دئییلدی. "ایچ" سرجری 1950 لرینده مایکل ای دی بیکی طرفیندن آچیلدی.<ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=Lancet2016 /><ref name=Criado2011>{{cite journal |author=Criado FJ |title=Aortic dissection: a 250-year perspective |journal=Tex Heart Inst J |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=694–700 |year=2011 |pmid=22199439 |pmc=3233335}}</ref><ref name=Criado2011 /><ref name=Criado2011 /><ref name=Criado2011 /> == قایناقلار: == <references /> 7c2ja291mjbwszu70trq8klbk35pdp3 0 613557 1590449 1582666 2026-07-12T16:47:35Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Typhoid fever|synonyms=Slow fever, typhoid|image=Salmonella typhi typhoid fever PHIL 2215 lores.jpg|caption=[[Rose spots]] on the chest of a person with typhoid fever|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|Symptoms=Fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash<ref name=Yellow2014 />|complications=|onset=6–30 days after exposure<ref name=Yellow2014 /><ref name=CDC2013 />|Duration=|causes=[[Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica|''Salmonella enterica'' subsp. enterica]] (spread by food or water contaminated with [[feces]])<ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=WHO2008 />|risks=Poor [[sanitation]], poor hygiene.<ref name=Lancet2015 />|Diagnosis=[[Bacterial culture]], DNA detection<ref name=CDC2013 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=Crump2010 />|differential=Other infectious diseases<ref name=CDC2013Tech />|Prevention=[[Typhoid vaccine]], handwashing<ref name=CDC2013 /><ref name=Mil2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A | title = Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 5 | pages = CD001261 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29851031 | pmc = 6494485 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4 }}</ref>|treatment=[[Antibiotic|Antibiotics]]<ref name=Lancet2015 />|Medication=|frequency=12.5 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>|Deaths=149,000 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref>}} تیفود (اینگیلیسجه: typhoid fever) ، یا '''تایفوز''' (اینگیلیسیجه: typhus) بیر باکتیریال عفونت دیر. علامتلر یاخشی دان آغیرینا قدر فرقلی اولا بیلر و معمولاً بو علامت لر، موعلّیم اولاندان 6 دن 30 گونه قدر باشلاییر. چوخ واخت چوخ گونلر عرضئنده تدریجی درجه ده اوجا قيزديرما باشلاییر. بو، چوخ واخت ضعیفلیک، [[قارین آغریسی|قارن]] آغریسی، قوروقلوق، [[باش آغری‌سی|باش آغریسی]] و یاخشی قوسماقلار ایله یاناشیر. بعضي آداملارين دَرينده گلديل رنگلي لکه لرله بير شكلده يئرلشير. آغیر حاللاردا، آداملار آجیلیشمالی دیرلر. درمان اولماسا، علامتلر هفته لر و یا آیلار داوام ائده بیلر. اسهال چوخ گئجه لی دیر. اؤزگه لر بو باکتئريايا تأثیر ائتمه میش آپارارلار؛ آمّا اونلار گئنه ده بو ناخوشلوغو اؤزگه لره یاییرلار. '''تیفود''' تبی، پاراتیفود چؤیرمه سی ایله بیرلیکده کولون تره مه سینین بیر نؤعیدیر.<ref name=Yellow2014>{{cite book| first = Anna E. | last = Newton |title=CDC health information for international travel 2014 : the yellow book|date=2014|isbn=9780199948499|chapter-url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever|chapter=3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702125517/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever|archive-date=2015-07-02}}</ref><ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Typhoid Fever|url=https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=28 March 2015|date=May 14, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606190251/http://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html|archive-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=CDC2013 /><ref name=CDC2013Tech>{{cite web|title=Typhoid Fever|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever/technical.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=28 March 2015|date=May 14, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402183317/http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever/technical.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=CDC2013 /><ref name=CDC2013Tech /><ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL | s2cid = 2409150 | title = Typhoid fever | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_march-21-27-2015_385_9973/page/1136 | journal = Lancet | volume = 385 | issue = 9973 | pages = 1136–45 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25458731 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62708-7 }}</ref> ندن، قارين و قاندا بیتن ''Salmonella enterica'' subsp. enterica serovar Typhi باكتئرياسيدير. تایفوید، اینفیکتیت اولوندوغو شخصین فاکولوسوندان آلینان یئمک و یا سو ایچمک ایله یاییلیر. خطر فاکتورلاری دا، ضعیف سانتیتئر و ضعیف هایجین وار. گئنیشلَنَن اؤلکه لرده سفره گئدنلر ده خطر آلتينداديرلار. آنجاق اینسانلار بولاشیق اولا بیلرلر. علامتلر چوخلو باشقا انتفاسا خسته لیک لره بنزه ییر. تشخیص، یا دا باکتریلرین بؤیوکلندیریلمه سی و یا قاندا، کولده و یا سوموک آغزیندا DNA-سی نین اولدوغونو آنلاماسی ایله اولور. باکتری نین تزکیه اولونماسی چتین اولا بیلر.<ref name=CDC2013Tech /><ref name=WHO2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = | title = Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper | journal = Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire | volume = 83 | issue = 6 | pages = 49–59 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18260212 | url = http://www.who.int/wer/2008/wer8306.pdf?ua=1 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103504/http://www.who.int/wer/2008/wer8306.pdf?ua=1 | archive-date = April 2, 2015 }}</ref><ref name=CDC2013Tech /><ref name=CDC2013 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /> سوموگو معاینه سی ان دقیق دیر.<ref name=Crump2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Crump JA, Mintz ED | title = Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid Fever | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-infectious-diseases_2010-01-15_50_2/page/240 | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–6 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 20014951 | pmc = 2798017 | doi = 10.1086/649541 }}</ref> [[واکسن حصبه|تایفوس واکسیناسی]] ایلک ایکی ایلده 40 - 90% داخیل اولان نیمونه لری قاباغی آلماغا قادیر. واکسینین تا ۷ ایل تک اثرلری اولا بیلر. چوخ خطرلی اولانلار و یا بو مرضین چوخ گؤروشلو اولدوغو ساحه لره گدنلر اوچون واکسیناسیون وئریلمه سی توصیه اولونور. بو مرضدن اوزاقلاشماق اوچون باشقا جهدلر ده، پاک آشاماق سو، ياخشي سانيتور و اللر يويولماقدادیر. فردین اینفئکسییاسی نین پاکلاییب تصدیق اولونماسینا قدر، فرد اؤزگه لره یئمک حاضيرلامامالیدیر. بو مرض [[آزیترومایسین|آزیترومئسین،]] فلوروکینولونلار، و یا اوچونجو نسل سِفالوسپورین لار کیمی آنتی بیوتیکلرله درمان اولونور. بو [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی]] بیوتیکلره قارشی موقاویمت یارادیلیب و بو ندندن بو مرضین درمانی داها چتینلندیریلیب.<ref name=WHO2008 /><ref name=CDC2013 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /> ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده دونیا ایله ۱۲٫۵ میلیون یئنی مریض بیلدیریلدی. بو مرض هندوستاندا چوخ گؤروشور. اوشاقلار چوخ بو اثرلره دوشیرلر. آمریکادا اینتیبئتیکلرین و اینتیبئیوتیکلرین اینتیبیه لیکلرین یئنی دن و یاخشیلاشدیریلماسی سونوجوندا، ۱۹۴۰-جی ایللرده یوللاندیریلمیش اؤلکه لرده اینتیبئک لرین سایی آزالدی. هر ایل آمریکا دا 400-ده یاخین داخیل اولان آداملارا بو مرضین یئر آلان و تخمینن ۶۰۰۰ نفرین دا یئر آلیب. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده، دونیا ایلینده ۱۴۹۰۰۰ نفر اؤلومه ندن اولدو - ۱۹۹۰-جی ایل ده ۱۸۱۰۰۰ نفردن (جیهانی کلّئنین یئرینده یئرینه یئر آلانین %۰٫۳) آزالدی. درمان اولماسا اؤلوم خطرینین ۲۰% - دن چوخ اولماسی مومکوندور. درماندا، 1 - 4٪ آراسيندادير. [[تیفوس]] آيري بیر ناخوشلوقدير.<ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=WHO2008 /><ref name=WHO2008 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=WHO2008 /> آمما تیفوس آدینین معناسی، علامتلرین شباهتیندن اؤتري "تایفوسا بنزر" دئییلیر. == قایناقلار: == l37otn4b597eddq70kajaodednk3zn2 0 613588 1590498 1548580 2026-07-12T18:07:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Osteoarthritis|image=Heberden-Arthrose.JPG|alt=Photograph of elderly person's hands depicting hard knobs described in caption|caption=The formation of hard knobs at the [[proximal interphalangeal|middle finger joints]] (known as [[Bouchard's nodes]]) and at the [[distal interphalangeal joint|farthest joints of the fingers]] (known as [[Heberden's nodes]]) are a common feature of osteoarthritis in the hands.|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɒ|s|t|i|oʊ|ɑːr|ˈ|θ|r|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}}|field=[[Rheumatology]], [[orthopedics]]|synonyms=Degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease, osteoarthrosis|Symptoms=[[Joint pain]], stiffness, [[Joint effusion|joint swelling]], decreased [[range of motion]]<ref name=NIH2015 />|complications=|onset=Over years<ref name=NIH2015 />|Duration=|causes=Previous joint injury, abnormal joint or limb development, [[Heredity|inherited]] factors<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 />|risks=[[Overweight]], legs of different lengths, job with high levels of joint stress<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 />|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms, supported by other testing<ref name=NIH2015 />|differential=|Prevention=|treatment=Exercise, efforts to decrease joint stress, [[support group]]s, [[Analgesic|pain medications]], [[joint replacement]]<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=OARSI2014 />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=237{{nbsp}}million / 3.3% (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>|Deaths=}} '''اوستئوتارتریتیس یوخسا آرتوروز''' (OA) بیر جور مفصل خسته لیک دیر کی، مفصل قارغاق و اساس سوموکلرین پوزولماسیندان سونوجو اولور. ان چوخ گؤروشلن علامتلر، مفصل آغری و برکیلمه سی دیر. عادي اولاراق، علامتلر ائللر عرضئنده یاواش گئدرلر. ایلک اونلار تک تمرین دن سورا باش وئررلر، آمّا زامانلا دوام ائتدیررلر. باشقا علامتلر عبارت اولا بیلر: مفصللرین تورموسو، حرکتین آزالماسی و آرخاسی ایسه قوللار و آیاقلارین ضعیفلیگی و یا بیزلیگی. ان چوخ علاقه لی جومله لر بارماقلارين اوج لاريندا اولان جومله لردن و بارماقلارين آلتينداكي جومله دن، دیز و بؤيرک جومله سیندن، و بويون و آرخون آشاغی جومله لريندن عیبارتديرلار. بدنین بیر طرفینده اولان مفصللر، باشقا طرفده اولانلارا گؤره داها چوخ تأثیرلشدیر. علامتلر ایش و گونده لیک فعالیتلرینه مانع اولا بیلر. آرتریتین بعضی باشقا نوع لریندن فرقلی اولاراق، تک مفصللر، ایچکی عضولره تأثیر ائتمه یه جک.<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Osteoarthritis|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Osteoarthritis/default.asp|publisher=National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases|access-date=13 May 2015|date=April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090102/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Osteoarthritis/default.asp|archive-date=18 May 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /> ندنلر، ایلکی جوملا یارادیلیشی، جوملا یا ایغتی نین دوغال اولمایان شکلی و میراث آلدیغی فاکتورلارین داخیل اولماسی دیر. خطر چوخ چوخ اوْلدوغو، آیاقلاری نین اوزونلوغو فرقلی اولان، و یا ایشلرینده باش وئرن جوْخلارین چوخو ایسه چوخدور. اوستئوتارتریتین جوغرافیک و آشاغی درجه ده آلتیشلی پروسئسلرین میکانیک ایستریسینه ندن اولدوغو اعتین ائدیلیر.<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Glyn-Jones S, Palmer AJ, Agricola R, Price AJ, Vincent TL, Weinans H, Carr AJ | title = Osteoarthritis | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_july-25-31-2015_386_9991/page/376 | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9991 | pages = 376–87 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25748615 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60802-3 }}</ref> بو، غضروفون ائتمه سی و اساس سوموغو ایستیفاده ائتمه سی ایله یایینلاییب. آغریلار حرکته چتینلیگی یاراتدیغی اوچون عضله لرین ائتمه سی باش وره بیلر. تشخيص، نورمال اولاراق علامتلر و علامتلر اوستونده قورولوب، طیبی تصویرلر و باشقا تستلر باشقا سورونلاری دایانماسینا و یا ایفاده اولونماسینا ندن اولور. روماتئود آرتروزین قارشیسیندا، اوستئوسدا بوْللار یاخین یا دا قیزیل اولماز.<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /> درماندا کلمه لر، آراملیق یا دا بیر عصا ایستیفاده سی ایله بیرلیکده بیرلشمه سینین دئییل، یاردیم توپلوملاری و درد دواسیندان آزالماسی شامل دیر. اوْلماقدان اوْلماق، اوْلدوغوندان چوخ آغیر اولانلارا کؤمک اده بیلر. [[آغری کسیجی|آغری]] داوا لاردا [[استامینوفن|پاراسیتامول]] (آسیتامینوفن) و این ایس ای ای دی لار کیمی [[ناپروکسن|ناپروکسین]] و [[ایبوپروفن]] واردیر. اوپیوئودون اوزون مودّت ایستیفاده سی، فایدا لار و [[اعتیاد]] و باشقا جانیبی اثرلر باره ده معلوماتین یوخلوغونا گؤره توصیه اولونماز. باشقا درمانلارا باخمایاراق، دوام ائد ن معلولیت اولسا دا، بیرلشمه عوضوو جراحی بیر آپشن اولا بیلر. قییرمه بیر جوُنوت عادي اولاراق 10 - 15 ایل دوام ائدیر.<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=OARSI2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Arden NK, Berenbaum F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hawker GA, Henrotin Y, Hunter DJ, Kawaguchi H, Kwoh K, Lohmander S, Rannou F, Roos EM, Underwood M | title = OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis | journal = Osteoarthritis and Cartilage | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 363–88 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24462672 | doi = 10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003 | doi-access = free }}</ref> اوستئوتارتریتیس یوخسا آرتوروز ان چوخ گؤروشموش بیر شکلیدیر و بو مرض 237 میلیون نفر یا دا دونیا جمعیتینین 3.3 فایسی ایله قارشیلاشیر. آمریکادا ۳۰-۵۳ میلیون نفر و اوسترالیا دا ۱.۹ میلیون نفر بو مرضده یاشاییب. بو، ياشلي اولاندا داها دا چوخ ياييليرير. 60 ياشدان آرتيق اولانلار آراسيندا، اَرلرین 10 و قادينلارين 18%-ه ياخين ساييلار. اوستئوتارتریت، معلول اولان ياشانانميشلارین دا حدود 2% - نين ندنی دیر.<ref name="Mar2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = March L, Smith EU, Hoy DG, Cross MJ, Sanchez-Riera L, Blyth F, Buchbinder R, Vos T, Woolf AD | title = Burden of disability due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders | journal = Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 353–66 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 25481420 | doi = 10.1016/j.berh.2014.08.002 }}</ref> == قایناقلار: == <references /> nbazciz5tkt58ff0cdfas9u1gxx4ygy 0 613621 1590497 1570053 2026-07-12T18:04:24Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590497 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ساری (رنگ)|ساریلیق]]، ایکتروس آدلاندیریلمیش، بالتا و گؤز [[آغ]] لاری نین سارگی یا [[یاشیل]] رنگلی رنگینه ندن اولان [[بیلی‌روبین|بیلیروبین]] لیک لری نین چوخلوغونا گؤره دیر. '''ساریلیق''' معمولاً خارقاریلا باغلی دیر. بلکه ده آغار فاکس و قاران ادرارلار واردیر. اوشاقلاردا ساریلیق دا چوخ گئچن بیر شئی دیر و ۸۰%-ی یاشامی ایلک هفته سینده بو شئیله دوچار اولور.<ref name="NIH2016">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Jaundice|url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827200257/https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|archive-date=27 August 2016|work=MedlinePlus}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|last=Buttaro|first=Terry Mahan|last2=Trybulski|first2=JoAnn|last3=Polgar-Bailey|first3=Patricia|last4=Sandberg-Cook|first4=Joanne|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323075855|edition=4|page=690|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name="Rog2004">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198567820|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08|first=Roger|last=Jones}}</ref> نئجه دوغولان ساریلیق نین چوخلو قضیلری ضررلی اولمادیغینا باخمایاراق، بیلیروبین لیواللارین چوخ اوجا اولسا، بئیینین یارادیلیشی - کورنیکتروس - باش وره بیلر.<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kaplan M, Hammerman C |title=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia|date=2017|doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4|work=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology|pages=933–942.e3 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ساریلیق بیر ناخوشلوق دئییل، بلکه باشقا بیر ساغلیق سورونو دور طیبی علامتیدیر.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Internal_Medicine/NcaADQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Jaundice+itself+is+not+a+disease,+but+rather+a+medical+sign&pg=PA49|title=Internal Medicine: An Illustrated Radiological Guide|last=Al-Tubaikh|first=Jarrah Ali|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-39747-4|page=49|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829141631/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Internal_Medicine/NcaADQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Jaundice+itself+is+not+a+disease%2C+but+rather+a+medical+sign&pg=PA49|archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> بیلیروبینین دوغال سطحلری قاندا ۱.۰ میلی گرم/ ديلتر (۱۷ مئکومول/ لتر) دن آشاغی دیر، آمّا ۲- ۳ مئکومئل/ ديلر (۳۴- ۵۱ مئکومال/ لتر). بلیروبینینین چوخلو قانداکی ایکی دسته یه بؤلونور: کنجوقات (غیر مستقیم) و کنجوقه (باشقا).<ref name="Rog2004" /> بیلیروبینین قوشولماسی بیلیروبینین یوروندا اولدوغو ایله تصدیق اولونور. ساریلیقین ندنلری جدی اولمادان اؤلوملو اولا بیله جک حددن چوخ دیر. بیلیروبینینین چوخلوغونا سبب اولان قیرمیزی [[قان]] تومورلاری نین چوخ بؤیوک شکلی، بؤیوک آغیرلامالار، گئلبرت سندروماسی کیمی جنیتیک شرایطلر، اوزون مودّت یئمکدن محروم قالماق، یئنی دوغولان سارگیلگی و یا تیروئید پروبلئملری اولا بیلر. بیلیروبین نین چوخلوغون ندن اولدوغو، کبدین [[سیروز|سیرروز]] و یا [[هپاتیت|هئپاتیت،]] عفونت، [[درمان|دارو]] و یا سیرت لری نین قامتلی اولماسیندان اولا بیلر. گئنیشلی دؤولتلرده، چوخ واخت سارق لاری نین یا دا دوا لارین قامتلی اولماسی ندن اولور؛ گئنیشلندیریلن دؤولتلرده دا چوخ واخت، ویروس هئپاتئتیسی، لیپتوسپیروز، شئیستوسومئازیس و یا [[مالاریا]] کیمی اینفیکشنلار سبب اولور. کولک لری نین قیرغیشلیغی کولک داشلاری، [[سرطان]] یا پانکریاتیتدن ایله باش وئرر. اولتراسونگ کیمی طبی تصویر آلماسی، سیرت لوله لری نین قیرغیشماسینی تشخیص ائتمک اوچون فایدالیدیر. باشقا شرایط ده ساریلیق پوستلارا ندن اولا بیلر، آنجاق ساریلیق اولماز، بونلارا کیروتئنیمیا (کهروتین یئتیشمه دن چوخ مقدارده کیراکتین یئییر) و یا [[ریفامپین|ریفمپین]] کیمی دوروملار داخیل دیر.<ref name="Rog2004" /><ref name="Win2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_primary-care-clinics-in-office-practice_2011-09_38_3/page/469 | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = 469–82; viii | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref><ref name="Rog2004" /><ref name="Rog2004" /><ref name="Rog2004" /><ref name="Rog2004" /> ''ساریلیگین'' درمانی معمولاً اساس ندنینه گؤره تعیین اولونور. اگر سئلک لری نین قیرغیشلی اولدوغو حالدا، [[جراحلیق|جراحی]] لازیم اولور؛ یوخسا، درمان طیبی دیر. طیبی معالجه ده، اینفکتیوزییا سبب لرینین درمانی و سارگیسییا سبب اولا بیلن دوا لارین دايانمامیسی ایسته یه جک. یئنی دوغولان اوشاقلاردا سارگیش، بالاجا دوغوملارین بیلیروبینین ۴- ۲۱ میلی گرم/ دلیتر (68-360 مئکروول/ لتر) دن چوخ اولدوغو زامان، یاشینا گؤره فوتوتراپی یا دا عوضولن transfusion ایله درمان اولونور. قاشینما گئجه سی سيلان کولورونو یا ursodeoxycholic acid- نی سئلکدن آرتیق یولداشیقدیر. "قیرمیزی" سؤزو [[فرانسه دیلی|فرانسه]] جه ن "جینس" دن آلینمیش دیر و "قیرمزی" معناسینی آچیقلاماغا چالیشیر.<ref name="Fer2014">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 9780323084307 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 |last=Ferri|first=Fred F.}}</ref><ref name="Fer2014" /><ref name="Fer2014" /><ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542|title=Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book,: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ...|date=1873|publisher=Chase publishing Company|page=542|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Jaundice|last=Sullivan|first=Kara M.|last2=Gourley|first2=Glenn R.|date=2011|work=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8|pages=176–186.e3|doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == <references /> 01yx8pjskjfobmah0ysk24b0je29kuq 0 613646 1590485 1570042 2026-07-12T17:49:19Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Urinary tract infection|image=Pyuria.JPG|caption=Multiple [[white blood cell|white cells]] seen in the urine of a person with a urinary tract infection using [[Urine microscopy#Microscopic examination|microscopy]]|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|synonyms=Acute cystitis, simple cystitis, bladder infection, symptomatic bacteriuria|Symptoms=Pain with [[urination]], frequent urination, feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder<ref name=CDC2015 />|complications=|onset=|Duration=|causes=Most often ''[[Escherichia coli]]''<ref name=Flo2015 />|risks=Female anatomy, sexual intercourse, [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], [[obesity]], family history<ref name=Flo2015 />|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[urine culture]]<ref name=Pylo2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2011-09-01_84_5/page/519 |journal=American Family Physician|date=2011-09-01|volume=84|issue=5|pages=519–26|pmid=21888302}}</ref><ref name=Review08>{{cite journal|author=Nicolle LE|title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_urologic-clinics-of-north-america_2008-02_35_1/page/n14|journal=Urol Clin North Am|volume=35|issue=1|pages=1–12, v|year=2008|pmid=18061019|doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004}}</ref>|differential=[[Vaginitis|Vulvovaginitis]], [[urethritis]], [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[interstitial cystitis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Caterino|first1=Jeffrey M.|last2=Kahan|first2=Scott|title=In a Page: Emergency medicine|date=2003|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781405103572|page=95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0LwFPZDKbsC&pg=PA95|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424173759/https://books.google.com/books?id=O0LwFPZDKbsC&pg=PA95|archivedate=2017-04-24}}</ref>|Prevention=|treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s ([[nitrofurantoin]] or [[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]])<ref name=Sal2011 />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=152{{nbsp}}million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|Deaths=196,500 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref>}} '''سۆدۆک سیستمین عوفونتی''' ('''UTI''') اورینال یا یوللارینین بیر بؤلگه سینی تأثیر ائتدیر. آشاغی یورینال یوللارین دا ائتکیلندیگی چاغدا، بورونونلوگی نین اینفیکراسییاسی ('''سیستیت''') و اوست یورینال یاخین یوللارینی دا تأثیر ائتدیرنده، بؤیرکلرین اینفیکاسییاسی (پئیلونفرات) آدلانیر. آشاغی یورینال یوللارین اینفیکشنینین علامتلرینده یورینالدا آغری، مکرر یورینال و بوش بولوزون اولدوغو حالدا یورینالماق گرک اولدوغونو حیس ائدیر. بؤيرکلي اينفئکسيونون علامتلري، معمولن آشاغيداکي يوتي- نين علامتلرينه علاوه، قيزديرما و يان يان آغريسي واردير. چوخ ندیر کی، اورین قانلی گؤرونر. چوخ ياشلي و چوخ جاوانلاردا، علامتلر موبهم و یا خاص اولماز.<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web|title=Urinary Tract Infection|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|accessdate=9 February 2016|date=17 April 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html|archivedate=22 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="EM2011">{{cite journal |last1=Lane |first1=DR |author2=Takhar, SS |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_emergency-medicine-clinics-of-north-america_2011-08_29_3/page/539 |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America|date=August 2011|volume=29|issue=3|pages=539–52|pmid=21782073|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001}}</ref><ref name=CDC2015 /> ان چوخ گؤروشموش انفیکسییا Escherichia coli دیر، گرچی بعضی واختلاردا باشقا باکتریلر و یا [[گؤبه‌لکلر|قارچلار]] ندن اولا بیلر. خطر فاکتورلاری زن بدن، جنسی علاقه، [[دیابت|دیابتی،]] کؤکلو و عائله تاریخینی دن عیبارت دیر. جینسي علاقه لر خطر فاکتورودور، آمما UTIs جینسیتله یوللانان عفونتلر (STIs) اولاراق طبقه بند اولونمور.<ref name=Flo2015>{{cite journal|last1=Flores-Mireles|first1=AL|last2=Walker|first2=JN|last3=Caparon|first3=M|last4=Hultgren|first4=SJ|title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options.|journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology|date=May 2015|volume=13|issue=5|pages=269–84|pmid=25853778|doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432|pmc=4457377}}</ref><ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvskCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272|title=Study Guide for Pathophysiology|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323293181|edition=5|page=272|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216173856/https://books.google.com/books?id=YvskCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272|archive-date=2016-02-16}}</ref> اگر بؤيرکليک آنفئکسياسي باش ورسه، معمولاً مثانه آنفئکسیاسيندان سورا باش ورر، آمّا قاندا یئرله نمهين آنفئکسادان دا باش وئرر.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|title=Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9781455776412|page=909|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321210540/https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|archive-date=21 March 2020|df=}}</ref> ساغ اولان جاوان قادینلاردا دیآگنوز آنجاق علامتلر اساسيندا اولا بیلر. مبهم علامتلر اولانلاردا، تشخیص چتین اولا بیلر، چونکی باکتریلر اینفیکشن اولمادان دا واردیر.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|title=Bennett & Brachman's hospital infections.|last=Jarvis|first=William R.|date=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781763837|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|page=474|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216175245/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|archive-date=2016-02-16}}</ref> پیچیدلی حاللاردا یا دا درمان اوغورلو اولسا، اورین کولتورو یاخشی اولار. پیچلی اولمایان حاللاردا، درمان نیتروفورانتوئن، فوسفومئسین، و یا تریمیتوپرم/ سولفامیتوکسازول کیمی قیسما آنتی بیوتیک لرله باشلاییر. بو وضعیتین درمانینا ایستیفاده اولونان آنتی بیوتیکلره قارشی مقاومت آرتیر. پیچیدلی حاللاردا، داها اوزون مودّتده یا دا اینتیروئن [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی بیوتیکلر]] ایسته نیلیر. اگر علامتلر ایکی- اوچ گون سونرا یاخشیلاشمایا بیلرسه، داها دا دیگنوگرافیک معاینه لره احتیاجی وار. [[فنازوپیریدین]] علامتلرین دئییلمه سی اوچون یاخشی یول آچیر. بیکرئئئاتلار یا [[آغ]] [[قان]] حجری لرینین اورینده اولدوغو حالدا، علامتلر اولمایانلار، اینتی بایوتیکلر عمومیتله لازیم دئییل، گرچی بو، بویو بویو بویون واختدا استثنا دیر.<ref name=Sal2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |title=Urinary tract infections in women.|journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology|date=June 2011|volume=156|issue=2|pages=131–6|pmid=21349630|doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028}}</ref><ref name=CDC2015 /> چوخ اینفیکسییا اولانلاردا، علامتلر باشلاییب باشلاییش ایله ائشیت یا دا اوزون مودّت داوام ائدن آنتی بیوتیکلر ایستیفاده اولونور. بير ايلده 150 ميلليون نفرين بيرينجي يئرلي يئرليلي يئرلشن يئرليگي وار. اونلار قادینلاردا کیشیلردن داها چوخ گؤروشه بیلر. قادینلاردا، بو باکتریال اینفئکئشنین ان چوخ گؤروشوی فورمودور. ۱۰% قادینلارین بیر ایلده اورینال یوللو اینفیکراسیونونا دوشیب و یاریم قادینلارینین ده یاشاماقدا بیر واختدا حداقل بیر اینفیکاسیون وار. چوخ واخت 16-35 ياشلار آراسينداديرلار. تکرارلار چوخدور. اورینار یوللارین اینفیکشنلاری قدیم زامانلاردان بیلدیریلیب و ایبرز پاپیروسوندا ایلک بیلدیریلمیش گئچمیشی ده سورونون ۱۵۵۰ ایللر اؤنجه سینده یئرلشیب.<ref name=Sal2011 /><ref name=Sal2011 /><ref name=Sal2011 /><ref name="His2008">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMzxKua4_rcC&pg=PA126|title=An introduction to botanical medicines : history, science, uses, and dangers|last=Al-Achi|first=Antoine|publisher=Praeger Publishers|year=2008|isbn=978-0-313-35009-2|location=Westport, Conn.|page=126|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528215426/https://books.google.com/books?id=HMzxKua4_rcC&pg=PA126|archive-date=2016-05-28}}</ref> [[فایل:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Urinary_tract_infection.webm|thumbtime=0:01|بندانگشتی|ویدئو باشلاماسینین خلاصه سی (اسکرپتی)]] == قایناقلار: == <references /> bxvqkxtas9wfl6kqxnzt52glo6h1jz0 0 614430 1590552 1558022 2026-07-13T09:57:03Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260713)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:All Gizah Pyramids-3.jpg|thumb|[[جیزه هرملری]]، [[جیزه]]]] [[فایل:Statue of liberty 01.jpg|thumb|[[آزادلیق هئیکلی]]، [[نیویورک]]]] [[فایل:20180108 Atatürk 2746 (24960636627).jpg|thumb|[[آنیت‌کابیر]]، [[آنکارا]]]] '''عابیده''' یا دا '''آنیت'''، تاریخی اهمیتی اوْلان بیر حادیثه‌یه و یا تاریخی بیر شخصه خاطیره اوْلاراق یاپیلان و گله‌جک نسله [[سیمگه]] اوْلاراق یادیگار قالان مکان، هئیکل و یا قدیم دؤورلره عایید مدنیت اثری دیر.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofci0000unse_o0h4|last=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-0415252256|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofci0000unse_o0h4/page/470 470]}}</ref> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} 1c8ahqedc35jxwwx55aumsq0k9ycnjj 0 615857 1590467 1570380 2026-07-12T17:18:34Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590467 wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp; '''میلی کیملیک یا دا [[میلی هوویت]] ،بیر [[شخص]]<nowiki/>ین [[شخصی کیملیک|هوویت]]<nowiki/>ی و یا اونون''' بیر یا بیر نئچه [[دؤولت]] لره یا بیر یا بیر داها [[میلت|میلتلر]]<nowiki/>ه منسوب اولماق [[دویغو|حیسّ]]<nowiki/>ی دیر.<ref name=":24">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://archive.org/details/socialidentityin00ashm|title=Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=9780195137439|editor-last=Ashmore|editor-first=Richard D.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/socialidentityin00ashm/page/n86 74]–75|editor-last2=Jussim|editor-first2=Lee|editor-last3=Wilder|editor-first3=David|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Tajfel">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Key readings in social psychology. Political psychology: Key readings|last=Tajfel|first=Henri|last2=Turner|first2=John C.|date=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|editor-last=Jost|editor-first=John T.|pages=276–293)|chapter=The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior|editor-last2=Sidanius|editor-first2=Jim}}</ref> بو بیر، [[بیرلیگ]] اولاراق،[[میلت]] [[معنا]]<nowiki/>سی دیر کی [[اؤزل]]<nowiki/>لیکلی [[سنت]]<nowiki/>لر، [[مدنیت]] و [[دیل]] له تمثیل اولونورلار. [[فایل:"Onward_to_Victory",_World_War_I_Allied_propaganda_postcard.jpg|بندانگشتی|۱۹۱۶-جی [[ایل]]<nowiki/>دن آلینان بیر [[پوستر]] [[کارت]]، [[بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی|بیرینجی دونیا ساواش]]<nowiki/>ینداکی بعضی [[ائتلاف]]<nowiki/>چیلارین [[میلی]] [[شخصیت]]<nowiki/>لری، هر بیرینده اوز [[میلت]]<nowiki/>ینین '''[[بايراق|بایراق]]<nowiki/>ی''' ایله گؤرستیر]] '''میلی کیملیک''' [[سیاسی]] و [[مدنیت|مدنی]] [[عنصر]]<nowiki/>لریندن تشکیل تاپیپ دیر.<ref>{{cite book|title=National Identity|last1=Smith|first1=Anthony D.|date=1991|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780140125658|location=London|page=99}}</ref> بیر [[توپلاما|توپلام]] [[فنومن]] اولاراق، [[اینسان]]<nowiki/>لارین [[گونئی حیات|گونئی حیاتی]]<nowiki/>ن دا [[مشترک نقطه لر]] اولماسیندان باشلاییر: [[میلی سیمگه]] لر، [[دیل]]، [[میلت]]<nowiki/>ین [[تاریخ]]<nowiki/>ی، [[میلی]] [[شعور]]<nowiki/>ی و [[مدنیت|مدنی]] اثرلر. <ref name="Kelman">{{cite book|title=Patriotism in the life of individuals and nations|url=https://archive.org/details/patriotisminlive0000unse|last=Kelman|first=Herbert|publisher=Nelson-Hall|year=1997|isbn=9780830414109|editor-last=Bar-Tal|editor-first=Daniel|location=Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/patriotisminlive0000unse/page/n188 171]–173|chapter=Nationalism, Patriotism and National Identity: Social-Psychological Dimensions|editor-last2=Staub|editor-first2=Ervin}}</ref> بو، [[قانون]]<nowiki/>لو [[وطنداش]]<nowiki/>ليق وضعيتينه باخماياراق، بیر[[شخص|شخصین]]، [[خالق]] [[دسته]] سي ائله بير [[ميلت]] حاقيندا [[دویغو|حیسّی]] دیر. <ref name=":13">{{cite journal|title=Anthony D. Smith on Nations and National Identity: a critical assessment|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nations-and-nationalism_january-april-2004_10_1-2/page/125|last=Guibernau|first=Montserrat|date=2004|journal=Nations and Nationalism|doi=10.1111/j.1354-5078.2004.00159.x|volume=10|issue=1–2|pages=125–141}}</ref> [[روانشناسی|روانشناسیده]]، بیر "[[فارقلیلیک]]<nowiki/>لردن [[بیلیم]]" و بیر "بیزدن و اونلاردان [[دویغو|حیسّ]] و [[بیلیم]] " اولاراق [[تعریف]] اولونور.<ref>{{cite book|title=Modern Education, Textbooks, and the Image of the Nation: Politics and Modernization and Nationalism in Korean Education|last=Lee|first=Yoonmi|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=9781136600791|pages=29}}</ref> == قایناقلار == [[بؤلمه:اتنولوژی]] [[بؤلمه:میللت‌چی‌لیک]] lwghoylrqpia5ywluroxw0n11wh77b6 0 616296 1590465 1573743 2026-07-12T17:15:37Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | type = Mesopotamian | name = Gilgamesh<br>{{nobold|{{langx|akk|{{cuneiform|6|𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦}}|label=none}}<br>{{langx|sux|{{cuneiform|4|𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌}}|label=none}}}} | title = King of [[Uruk]] | image = Hero lion Dur-Sharrukin Louvre AO19862.jpg | alt = | caption = Possible representation of Gilgamesh as [[Master of Animals]], grasping a lion in his left arm and snake in his right hand, in an [[Assyrian palace relief]] (713–706 BC), from [[Dur-Sharrukin]], now held in the [[Louvre]]{{sfn|Delorme|1981|page=55}} | reign = c. 2900–2700 BC ([[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|EDI]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=George |first1=A.R. |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian |date=2003 |publisher= Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14044919-8 |page=lxi |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=eCZRK_61adMC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Isakhan |first1=Benjamin |title=Democracy in Iraq: History, Politics, Discourse |date=May 13, 2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-31715309-2 |pages=200 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dwUpDAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marchesi |first1= Gianni |title=Who Was Buried in the Royal Tombs of Ur? The Epigraphic and Textual Data |url=https://archive.org/details/orientalia_2004_73_2/page/197 |journal=Orientalia |date=2004 |volume=73 |issue=2 |page= 197}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1= Pournelle |first1=Jennifer |title= Marshland of Cities:Deltaic Landscapes and the Evolution of Early Mesopotamian Civilization |date=2003 |location=San Diego |url= https://www.academia.edu/843377 |page=268}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Pre-dynastic architecture (UA1 and UA2) | place = Berlin |url= http://www.artefacts-berlin.de/portfolio-item/pre-dynastic-architecture-ua1-and-ua2/ |website= Artefacts}}</ref> | predecessor = [[Dumuzid the Fisherman|Dumuzid]] | consort = | issue = [[Ur-Nungal]] | father = [[Lugalbanda]] (in Sumerian poetry) | mother = [[Ninsun]] (in Sumerian poetry) | siblings = | successor = [[Ur-Nungal]] }} '''بیلگه‌میش''' یوخسا '''گیلگمیش''' ([[آکد ایمپراتورلوغو|آکد]] دیلی:اکدی: 𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦،- گیلگمیش) ([[سومر دیلی]]:𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌 (بیلگَه میس) ، [[بیلگه‌میش حماسه‌سی]]نده اصلی قهرماندیر.یاکلاشیک بیلگه‌میش اسکی [[سومر]]ده [[اوروک]] شهری‌نین پادیشاهی ایدی.اونون حماسه سی اکد دیلینده اله گلیب و بو حماسه ده او تانریچالار مقامیندا یازیبلار. بئش سومر شعری تاپیلیب و ان اسکی یازی بیلگه‌میش ، [[اینکیدؤو]] و یئر آلتی دونیاسی آدلانیر.سون ناغیللار بیلگه‌میش و آقا - بلگه‌میش و [[هوم بابا]] - بیلگه‌میش و گؤی [[اؤکوز]]ی - بیلگه‌میش اؤلومو اولاراق. [[بابیل تمدونو|بابل]] [[اویقارلیق|اویقارلیغ]]یندا بو ناغیل اؤنملی شکیلده یازیلیب و [[پالچیق یازی]]لاری و شکیللری بابلده ساخلانیردی. ==قایناق== https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgamesh [[بؤلمه: تاریخ]] [[بؤلمه: تورک تاریخی]] [[بؤلمه: سومر]] [[بؤلمه: میفولوژی]] q7iotkdv4bsiefvbb4mnem16p1b84h3 0 617232 1590441 1581058 2026-07-12T16:28:19Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = اوروپا وحشی ائششکی | fossil_range = [[Middle Pleistocene]] - [[Holocene]] {{fossilrange|0.6|0.0025}} | image = Drawing of a hydruntine.jpg | image_caption = بیر رسیم آوروپا ائششکینن | image2 = | image2_caption = | status = EX | status_system = IUCN3.1 | parent_authority = | taxon = | authority = Regalia, 1907 | regnum = [[حئیوان]] | phylum = [[خوْردالیلار]] | familia = [[آت کیمیلر]] | subfamilia = [[آتلار (آلت عائله)]] | classis = [[ممه‌لیلر]] | ordo = [[تکدیرناق‌لیلار]] | subphylum = | subclassis = | infraphylum = | subspecies = †E. hydruntinus | subgenus = ائششکلر | genus = [[آت (جینس)]] | subtribus = | cladus = | subdivision_ranks = اۆچ حیصه لی آدی | subdivision = '''†Equus hydruntinus'''Regalia, 1907 | species = [[آسیا قولانی]] | range_map = | range_map_caption = | binomen = }} '''اوروپا وحشی ائششکی''' (Equus hydruntinus [[لاتین دیلی|لات]])، و یا '''اوروپا قولانی''' اوْرتا پلئیستوْسئندن سوْن هوْلوسئنه قدر آوروپا و غربی آسیادا، و بو ائحتیمال کی، شیمالی آفریکادا یاشایان نسلی کسیلمیش بیر آتدؽر. آسینۇس(ائششکلر) آلت جینسینین عۆضوودور و یاشایان آسیا وحشی ائششَیینه یاخؽن قوْهومدور. آسییا وحشی ائششکی (Equus hemionus) فرقلی اوْلان، کله‌نین آغؽز حیصّه‌سی داها قؽسا و مۆتناسیب اوْلاراق بیر قدر گئنیشدیر، داماق اۇزوندور و بۇرون ده‌لیگی داها قؽسادیر. دیشلر کله اؤلچوسونه نیسبتا کیچیکدیر، لاکین چوْخ یۆکسک تاجلؽ. مئتاکارپال و مئتاتارسال ([[قؽچ]]) سۆموکلرین شافتلارؽ دا داها مؤحکمدیر. [[File:Equus hydruntinus skull.jpg|left|thumb|بۆتون جۆمجومه ایسکیلتی قیریم ده تاپؽلان]] ==اکولوژی== سوبوتلار گؤستریر کی، آوروْپا ائششکی یارؽمقوراق، چؤل شرایطینه اۆستونلوک وئرمیش و مۆلاییم ایقلیمه اۆستونلوک وئرمیشدیر، باخمایاراق کی، اوْ، سرین و یا سوْیوق شرایطده‌ده تاپؽلمیشدیر. ان سوْیوق دؤورلرده داها ایستی یئرلره چکیلمیش اوْلا بیلر، باخمایاراق کی، نیسبتا قؽسا آغؽزلیغی سوْیوق شرایطه اۇیغونلاشما اوْلدوغونو گؤستریر. اوْ، کوْللوقلار (اصل آتلار طرفیندن اۆستونلوک وئریلن) و اوْتلاقلار (بوْویدلر طرفیندن اۆستونلوک وئریلن) آراسؽندا آچؽق بیوْتوپلارا اۆستونلوک وئرمیشدیر. اوْنون بۇ یاشایؽش مۆحیطینی یۇنلو کرگدنلار کیمی نوْولرله بؤلوشدویونه اینانؽلیر. اوْ، آفریکا ساوانناسؽندا آفریکا وحشی ائششکی و یا زئبراسؽنی تامین ائدن یئرله عینی یئر تۇتدوغو ماموْنت چؤلو کیمی تانؽنان ائکوْسیستئمینائکوْلوژی جهتدن واجیب بیر حیصّه‌سی حئساب اوْلونور.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Ecological Structure of the 'Mammoth Fauna' in Eurasia.|url=https://archive.org/details/annales-zoologici-fennici_1991_28_3-4/page/253|journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici|last1=Vereshchagin|first1=N. K.|date=1991|volume=28|pages=253–259|last2=Baryshnikov|first2=G. F.|issue=3/4|jstor=23735450}}</ref> ایبئرییا یارؽماداسیندان گؤتورولموش نۆمونه‌لرین دیش آشؽنماسینین تحلیلی اساساً اوْتلاق پهریزینی گؤستریر، باخمایاراق کی، اوْنلار مؤوسومی اوْلاراق براۇزئر یئیه‌رک چئویک قیدالانانلار کیمی گؤرونورلر.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Strani |first1=Flavia |last2=DeMiguel |first2=Daniel |date=June 2023 |title=The role of climate change in the extinction of the last wild equids of Europe: Palaeoecology of Equus ferus and Equus hydruntinus during the Last Glacial Period |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |language=en |volume=620 |article-number=111564 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111564|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PPP...62011564S |hdl=11573/1678265 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> قیریم یارؽم آداسیندان تاپؽلان سوْن پلئیستوْتسئن نۆمونه‌لریندن الده ائدیلن دیش میکروْ گئییملری‌ده اوْنلارین اساساً آشؽندیریجی اوْتلاردان عیبارت قیدالاندؽغینی گؤستریر. ماغارا کافتار یۇوالاریندا آوروپا وحشی ائششه‌یینین قالؽقلاری تاپؽلیب کی، بۇ دا اوْنلارین چوْخ گۆمان کی، اوْنلار طرفیندن اوْولاندیغینی گؤستریر.<ref name="diedrich&zak">Diedrich, C.G. & ŽÁK, K. 2006. [http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/fulltext/bullgeosci200604237.pdf Prey deposits and den sites of the Upper Pleistocene hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) in horizontal and vertical caves of the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic)]. ''Bulletin of Geosciences'' 81(4), 237–276 (25 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119.</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} gmzq50izwjdfmmlpxi752uw6ag4235k 0 617390 1590476 1584207 2026-07-12T17:36:33Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = آیاق قلسمه‌ | fossil_range = | image = Branchinecta packardi.jpg | image_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | status = | status_system = | parent_authority = | taxon = | authority = | regnum = [[حئیوان]] | phylum = [[بوغوم‌آیاق‌لیلار]] | familia = BranchinectidaeDaday, 1910 | subfamilia = | classis = [[آیاققلسمه‌لیلر]] | ordo = [[آیاغیقلسمه‌لیلر]] | subordo = Anostracina | subclassis = | subgenus = | genus = | subtribus = | species = | cladus = | subdivision_ranks = جینس | subdivision = [[برنشینئکتا]] آرچیبرنچینئکتا | species = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | binomen = }} آیاق قلسمه ، [[آیاغیقلسمه‌لیلر]] دسته‌سینه عائید بیر فصیلدیر و ایکی جینسی - برنشینکتا و آرچیبرنچینکتا - احاطه ائدیر.<ref name="Rogers">{{cite journal |author=D. Christopher Rogers & Jorge S. Coronel |year=2011 |title=A redescription of ''Branchinecta pollicifera'' Harding, 1940, and its placement in a new genus (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae) |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-crustacean-biology_2011-10_31_4/page/717 |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=717–724 |doi=10.1651/10-3449.1|doi-access=free }}</ref> نوْولرین چوخلوسو برنشینئکتا جینسینه عائیددیر و ایکینجی جینسده یالنؽز آرچیبرنچینکتا پوْللیسیفئرا و [[آرچیبرنچینکتا بارستونسیس]] فوسیلی مؤوجوددور.<ref name="Rogers"/> ==بونلارا دا باخ== *[[برانشینکتا]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} dvy5w7mxfb6o6powmeir0m08ljb7ofr 0 617621 1590496 1584240 2026-07-12T18:03:30Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برانشینکتا بروشی''' ، [[ آیاغیقلسمه‌لیلر]] دن بیر نوْوع کی [[آند داغلاری|آند داغلاریندا]] و ۵۹۳۰متر هۆندورلوکده یاشاییر. {{Taxobox | name = برانشینکتا بروشی | fossil_range = | image = Branchinecta brushi (YPM IZ 039903).jpeg | image_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | status = | status_system = | parent_authority = | taxon = | authority = | regnum = [[حئیوان]] | phylum = [[بوغوم‌آیاق‌لیلار]] | familia = [[آیاق قلسمه]] | subfamilia = | classis = [[آیاققلسمه‌لیلر]] | ordo = [[آیاغیقلسمه‌لیلر]] | subordo = | subclassis = | subgenus = | genus = [[برانشینکتا]] | subtribus = | species = B. brushi | cladus = | subdivision_ranks = | subdivision = | species = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | binomen = }} [[File:Cerro paniri and volcan san pablo chile ii region.jpg|thumb|left|برانشینکتا بروشی استراتوولکانو داغؽن یاخؽنیغؽندا یاشؽییر]] بروشی برانشینکتانین تیپ نیمونه لری ۱۳دیسامبر۱۹۸۸ ده چارلزبروش طرفیندن دۆنیانین ان یۆکسکلیقینه گۆره دۆنیا رکوردونو قؽرماق جهدی زامانی توپلانمؽشدیر.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Thomas A. Hegna & Eric A. Lazo-Wasem |year=2010 |title=''Branchinecta brushi'' n. sp. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae) from a volcanic crater in northern Chile (Antofagasta Province): a new altitude record for crustaceans |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-crustacean-biology_2010-08_30_3/page/445 |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=445–464 |doi=10.1651/09-3236.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} a3ztqbmfpgd5fsckq301zjcbaji2pm8 0 617805 1590455 1588567 2026-07-12T17:04:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''نظاملی دیش‌لر''' (Systemodon) دیرینه‌شناسلیقدا (Paleontology) تانیلمیش بیر جانلی قروپونا عاییددیر و یونان کؤکن‌لی کلمه‌لردن تشکیل اولونوب: Systemodon (سیستمودون) ایکی اساس حیصه‌دن عبارت‌دیر: ۱. System- (σύστημα): بو یونانجا systēma کلمه‌سیندن آلینیب و «نظام»، «ترتیب» یا «مجموعه» معناسینی وئریر. ۲. -odon (ὀδούς / ὀδόντος): بو کلمه ده یونان دیلینده «دیش» معناسینی وئریر (همان «ادونتولوژی» یعنی دیش‌شناسلیق سؤزونده کی کیمی). بونا گؤره ده، Systemodon لغوی جهت‌دن «نظام‌لی دیش‌لر» یا «دیش‌لری نظمه آلینمیش» معناسینی وئریر. دیرینه‌شناسلار بو جانلی‌نین (کی آت‌لارین چوخ قدیم بیر نسیلی‌دیر) دیش قورولوشونو اینجه‌له‌دی‌لرینده گؤروب‌لر کی، اونون دیش‌لری ، ساده‌جه بیر تئسادوفی شکیل‌ده یوخ، بلکه چوخ دقیق و سیستماتیک بیر نؤم‌ده (pattern) دیزلیب. بو نؤم، سونرادان تکامل ائدن آت‌لارین دیش قورولوشونون بیر نؤو “ابتدایی و نظام‌لی شکلی” ساییلیر. {{Taxobox | name = نظام‌لی دیش‌لر | fossil_range = | image = Systemodon tapirinus 2.jpg | image_caption = | image 2 = | image2_caption = | status = | status_system = | parent_authority = | taxon = | authority = | regnum = [[حئیوان]] | phylum = [[خوْردالیلار]] | familia = | subfamilia = | classis = [[ممه‌لیلر]] | ordo = [[تکدیرناق‌لیلار]] | subordo = | tribus = | superordo = | species = †S. tapirinus | subgenera = | genus = †Systemodon Cope, 1881 }} ==بؤلۆنتولری== جینس ۱۸۷۵-جی ایلده ائ.د. کوْوپ طرفیندن آدلاندؽریلمیش و اوْ، اوْنو هیراجوْتهئریوم و بازال پئریسسوْداکتیلدن فرقلی اوْلاراق تانؽمیشدیر.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cope|first=E. D.|date=1887|title=The Perissodactyla|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1887-11_21_11/page/985|journal=The American Naturalist|volume=21|issue=11|pages=985–1007|issn=0003-0147|jstor=2450861|doi=10.1086/274588|bibcode=1887ANat...21..985C |s2cid=222324417 }}</ref> داها سوْنرا اوْنون ائکویوالئنت اوْلدوغونا اینانؽلمیش و هیراجوْتهئریوم (هیراجوْتهئریوم تاپیرینۇم، اینجل. ح. جریستاتۇم ووْرتمان ۱۸۹۶، همچینین =وْروهیپپوس تاپیرینۇس) آدلاندؽریلمیشدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://taxondiversity.fieldofscience.com/2018/07/equoidea.html|title=Equoidea|last=Taylor|first=Christopher|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Radinsky|first=Leonard|date=1984|title=Ontogeny and Phylogeny in Horse Skull Evolution|journal=Evolution|language=en|volume=38|issue=1|pages=1–15|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00254.x|pmid=28556070|issn=1558-5646|doi-access=free}}</ref> ۱۹۸۴-جۆ ایلده آپارؽلان تحلیل بۇ نوْوون جینسده‌کی دیگر نوْولرله یاخشؽ اۇیغونلاشمادیغینی گؤسترمیشدیر.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Radinsky|first=Leonard|date=1984|title=Ontogeny and Phylogeny in Horse Skull Evolution|journal=Evolution|language=en|volume=38|issue=1|pages=1–15|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00254.x|pmid=28556070|issn=1558-5646|doi-access=free}}</ref> بۇ جۆر تدقیقاتلار هیراجوْتهئریوم-اون ائرکن پئریسسوْداکتیللرین تۇللانتی سبدی تاکسوْنونا چئوریلدییینی گؤسترمیشدیر؛ ایندی بیر چوْخ نوْو دقیق علاقه‌لری هله حل اوْلونمامیش دیگر جینسلره تعیین ائدیلمیشدیر. سیستئموْدون جیمبالوْپهوس ایله علاقه‌لی و ان بازال پئریسسوْداکتیللردن بیری کیمی مۆعیین ائدیلمیشدیر کی، بۇ دا اوْنو آتلارؽن، کرگدنلارؽن، تاپیرلرین و نسلی کسیلمیش بروْنتوتئرلرین و خالیکوْتئرلرین اجدادؽ اوْلان کؤک قروپۇنون بیر حیصّه‌سینه چئویریر. اگر سیستئموْدون کؤک پئریسسوْداکتیلدیرسه‌، اوْنون غیر-عادی درجه‌ده یاخشؽ قوْرونماسی اوْنون داورانؽشیندا و بؤیوک بیر ممه‌لی قروپۇنون فوْرماسیندا بازال نه‌یین اوْلدوغونو نادیر بیر شکیلده گؤستریر. اوللر بۇ جینسه اۆچ باشقا نوْو عائید ائدیلمیشدیر: س. سئمیهیانس، س. پروْتاپیرینوس و س. پریمائوۇس. بیرینجیسی جاردیوْلوپهوس ایله یئنیدن تعیین ائدیلمیشدیر، ایکینجی و اۆچونجوسو ایسه هیراجوْتهئریوم پروْتاپیرینوس ایله سینوْنیملشدیریلمیشدیر.[۲] [[File:Systemodon tapirinus (Cope).jpg|thumb|left|نیظاملی دیش تاپیرینوسون آشاقی چئنئسی]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} f9opgy1gutal4jllleyu29ty9u92vli 0 617848 1590493 1590224 2026-07-12T17:58:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260712sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''دوزا دواملی‌بیتکیلر''' یا '''دوزسئون گؤورنتیلر''' ([[یونان دیلی|یونانجا]] : '''halophyte''')، دنیز سو یو و باشقا دوزلو سۇولار و توپراقلارلا یاناشی یاشایان و توپراقداکی آرتؽق دوزو آزالد بیلن بیتکیلردی. دنیز سو یو سووارماق اوچون ده ایشلَدَ بیلر. دنیز سویونون چوخلو احتیاطلاری اولدوغونا گؤره، بو گؤی‌لر چیرک‌لَنمه‌نین و چؤل‌لشمه‌نین قارشی‌سینی آلمادا چوخ بؤیوک یاردیمدیر. بیر نئچه اؤلکه بو بیتکیلری اؤز طبیعتینده ایشلَدیر. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Halophyte {{!}} plant {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/halophyte |access-date=2026-06-10 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Cakile-maritima-(eurMeersenf) 2.jpg|thumb|بیر شورسئون بیتکی.]] بيتكی نووعلارینین بويوک اكثریتی دوزا دَواملی اولمايان و يوكسك دوزلولوقدان آسانليقلا زدَلنن كليكوفيتلردير( glycophytes).<ref name="Glenn99">{{cite journal | last1 = Glenn | first1 = E. P. | display-authors = etal | year = 1999 | title = Salt tolerance and crop potential of halophytes | url = https://archive.org/details/critical-reviews-in-plant-sciences_1999_18_2/page/227 | journal = Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences | volume = 18 | issue = 2| pages = 227–55 | doi = 10.1080/07352689991309207 | bibcode = 1999CRvPS..18..227G }}</ref> [[File:shorF.jpg|thumb|یولقون آغاجی اورمو گؤلۆنون ساحیلینده.]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ob19x6lftyajnw0h4623qq5u3gkm0im 0 617933 1590542 1590415 2026-07-13T07:36:07Z EmausBot 19 بوت: روبات :[[کرالیچه سوک]] صحیفه‌سینه ایستیقامت‌لی ایکیقات ایستیقامتلندیرمه دوزلدیلیر 1590542 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[کرالیچه سوک]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} bv97hw6a9ubgaky588iyajpoe8nefu8 0 617938 1590458 2026-07-12T17:07:02Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[نورجهان]] صفحه‌سینی [[نورجهان بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 1590458 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[نورجهان بیگم]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} c2my5osv6c9gjwaupaz8j8mxyfmqdlx 1 617939 1590460 2026-07-12T17:07:02Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[دانیشیق:نورجهان]] صفحه‌سینی [[دانیشیق:نورجهان بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 1590460 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[دانیشیق:نورجهان بیگم]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} feumd4i5gjz9k8ojxooy7cy1t282gze 0 617940 1590507 2026-07-12T18:26:45Z Stw lt 62830 ایجادشده به‌واسطهٔ ترجمهٔ بخش آغازین صفحهٔ «[[:fa:Special:Redirect/revision/41409165|صالحه بانو بیگم]]» 1590507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name=صالحه بانو بیگم|title=|succession=[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign=۱۶۰۸ – ۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰|predecessor=[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]]|successor=[[نورجهان بیگم]]|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰|death_place=[[آگره]]، [[امپراتوری گورکانیان]]|burial_place=|consort=|spouse=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|issue=|house=[[دودمان تیمور]] (بواسطه ازدواج)|father=قائم خان|religion=[[اسلام]]|succession1=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۱۶۰۸ – ۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰|predecessor1=[[جگت گوسین|بلقیس مکانی]]|successor1=[[نورجهان بیگم]]}} صالحه بانو بیگم (اینگیلیسجه: Salehe Banu Begum) (دوْغوم:۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰) گورکانان ایمپیراتورلوغو ایله بیرلیکده [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیرشاهین]] کرالیچه دیر. ازدواجین دان سونرا، پادیشاه محل مشهور اولدو. او، بیگم پادشاهينين منصبئني آلیب. صالحه بانو، قائم خانین قیزی، مغول هندی ایمپیراتورلوغو دربارینین بؤیوک بیر عائله سیندن ائدیب. 3rp73uzfec9tx136xuhppu0755fjrgh 1590515 1590507 2026-07-12T18:31:15Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name=صالحه بانو بیگم|title=|succession=[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign=۱۶۰۸ – ۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰|predecessor=[[مریم‌الزمانی بیگم|مریم شاهی بیگم]]|successor=[[نورجهان بیگم]]|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰|death_place=[[آگره]]، [[امپراتوری گورکانیان]]|burial_place=|consort=|spouse=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|issue=|house=[[دودمان تیمور]] (بواسطه ازدواج)|father=قائم خان|religion=[[اسلام]]|succession1=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۱۶۰۸ – ۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰|predecessor1=[[جگت گوسین|بلقیس مکانی]]|successor1=[[نورجهان بیگم]]}} صالحه بانو بیگم (اینگیلیسجه: Salehe Banu Begum) (اولوم:۱۰ ژوئن ۱۶۲۰) گورکانان ایمپیراتورلوغو ایله بیرلیکده [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیرشاهین]] کرالیچه دیر. ازدواجین دان سونرا، پادیشاه محل مشهور اولدو. او، بیگم پادشاهينين منصبئني آلیب. صالحه بانو، قائم خانین قیزی، مغول هندی ایمپیراتورلوغو دربارینین بؤیوک بیر عائله سیندن ائدیب. oo744j04wc3kwwuukr9lcenr5yc4mq9 0 617941 1590510 2026-07-12T18:28:43Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[مومتاز محل]] صفحه‌سینی [[ممتاز محل]]-ه آپاردی 1590510 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[ممتاز محل]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} hu29dyzp2n9m3r8skjnndgmeemdtq2f 1 617942 1590512 2026-07-12T18:28:43Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[دانیشیق:مومتاز محل]] صفحه‌سینی [[دانیشیق:ممتاز محل]]-ه آپاردی 1590512 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[دانیشیق:ممتاز محل]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} maqky248lrak1rl26065j4p7sdzdkwk 0 617943 1590518 2026-07-12T18:37:31Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[حمیده بانو بیقم]] صفحه‌سینی [[حمیده بانو بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 1590518 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[حمیده بانو بیگم]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} 1s82tpzf1o244bvqvg3rhjdgulc5153 1 617944 1590520 2026-07-12T18:37:31Z Stw lt 62830 Stw lt، [[دانیشیق:حمیده بانو بیقم]] صفحه‌سینی [[دانیشیق:حمیده بانو بیگم]]-ه آپاردی 1590520 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[دانیشیق:حمیده بانو بیگم]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} 4szu69px9k71hvvg90q6ohpkl33i9oq 0 617945 1590523 2026-07-12T19:00:54Z Stw lt 62830 ایجادشده به‌واسطهٔ ترجمهٔ بخش آغازین صفحهٔ «[[:fa:Special:Redirect/revision/41422388|ماهم بیگم]]» 1590523 wikitext text/x-wiki محم بیگم (مارت ۲۸، ۱۵۳۴) گورکانان ایمپیراتورلوغو کرالیچه سی، [[بابور|بابر]] اوچونجو و یاخین و خصوصی علاقه سی اولان، گورکانین دؤولتینین مؤسسسی و بابرین جانشینین آناسی اولاراق ۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶-دن ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰-ا قدر یاشاییب. او، مغول دؤولتئنئن ائلک ملکه سی ایدی کي، پادشاه بیگم منصبئني آلیب. fx1cg6z0ambpax9kdfcw51gzmkvxbmk 1590524 1590523 2026-07-12T19:22:34Z Stw lt 62830 1590524 wikitext text/x-wiki محم بیگم (مارت ۲۸، ۱۵۳۴) گورکانان ایمپیراتورلوغو کرالیچه سی، [[بابور|بابر]] اوچونجو و یاخین و خصوصی علاقه سی اولان، گورکانین دؤولتینین مؤسسسی و بابرین جانشینین آناسی اولاراق ۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶-دن ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰-ا قدر یاشاییب. او، مغول دؤولتئنئن ائلک ملکه سی ایدی کي، پادشاه بیگم منصبئني آلیب.و اؤزونون وفاتیندان سوْنرا [[حمیده بانو بیگم|حمیده بانو بیگم (مریم‌المکانی)]] واریث کیمی تخت و تاجه صاحیب چیخیب. {{Infobox royalty| type =| consort = yes| name = ماهم بیگم| title =[[کرالیچه آنا]]| titletext =| more =| image = File:Maham Begum.png| caption = ماهم بیگم| also known as = | succession1 =[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign1 =۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶ – ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰ | reign-type1 = شاه‌لیق| predecessor1 = | successor1 =[[بیگا بیگم]] |succession2=[[کرالیچه آنا]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign-type2=شاه‌لیق|reign2=۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰ – ۲۸ مارس ۱۵۳۴|predecessor2=|successor2=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]| succession =[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign =۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶ – ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰ | reign-type = شاه‌لیق| predecessor = زینب سلطان بیگم| successor = معصومه سلطان بیگم| moretext =| coronation =| spouse = [[بابر| بابر شاه]] |issue = [[نصیرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]]<br />باربول میرزا<br /> فاروق میرزا<br />مهر جهان بیگم<br />آیسان دولت بیگم| father = | mother = |birth_name=عایشه| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱۴۹۹{{سخ}}خراسان| birth_place =| death_date = {{death date and age|۱۵۳۴|۳|۲۸|۱۴۹۹|۰|۰|df=yes}}| death_place = [[آگرا]], [[هیندوستان]]| date of burial =۲۸ مارس ۱۵۳۴| place of burial = [[آگرا]]| occupation = | signature =| religion =[[شیعه]]}} sj6lz9sm2eyc00f3um2s6440illeza0 1590532 1590524 2026-07-12T20:54:50Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{قایناقسیز}} محم بیگم (مارت ۲۸، ۱۵۳۴) گورکانان ایمپیراتورلوغو کرالیچه سی، [[بابور|بابر]] اوچونجو و یاخین و خصوصی علاقه سی اولان، گورکانین دؤولتینین مؤسسسی و بابرین جانشینین آناسی اولاراق ۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶-دن ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰-ا قدر یاشاییب. او، مغول دؤولتئنئن ائلک ملکه سی ایدی کي، پادشاه بیگم منصبئني آلیب.و اؤزونون وفاتیندان سوْنرا [[حمیده بانو بیگم|حمیده بانو بیگم (مریم‌المکانی)]] واریث کیمی تخت و تاجه صاحیب چیخیب. {{Infobox royalty| type =| consort = yes| name = ماهم بیگم| title =[[کرالیچه آنا]]| titletext =| more =| image = File:Maham Begum.png| caption = ماهم بیگم| also known as = | succession1 =[[پادشاه بیگم]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign1 =۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶ – ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰ | reign-type1 = شاه‌لیق| predecessor1 = | successor1 =[[بیگا بیگم]] |succession2=[[کرالیچه آنا]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign-type2=شاه‌لیق|reign2=۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰ – ۲۸ مارس ۱۵۳۴|predecessor2=|successor2=[[حمیده بانو بیگم]]| succession =[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign =۲۰ آوریل ۱۵۲۶ – ۲۶ دسامبر ۱۵۳۰ | reign-type = شاه‌لیق| predecessor = زینب سلطان بیگم| successor = معصومه سلطان بیگم| moretext =| coronation =| spouse = [[بابر| بابر شاه]] |issue = [[نصیرالدین همایون|همایون شاه]]<br />باربول میرزا<br /> فاروق میرزا<br />مهر جهان بیگم<br />آیسان دولت بیگم| father = | mother = |birth_name=عایشه| birth_date = {{circa}} ۱۴۹۹{{سخ}}خراسان| birth_place =| death_date = {{death date and age|۱۵۳۴|۳|۲۸|۱۴۹۹|۰|۰|df=yes}}| death_place = [[آگرا]], [[هیندوستان]]| date of burial =۲۸ مارس ۱۵۳۴| place of burial = [[آگرا]]| occupation = | signature =| religion =[[شیعه]]}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} o8p5f83g65rdr16pz9s3oa6c25ay09f 0 617946 1590526 2026-07-12T20:09:24Z H.Ganjeli 58356 صفحه‌‌نی ' '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇر...' ایله ياراتدی 1590526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇرایا شالیبیت بۇلاقلاری کیمی دۇزسوز [[ معدنی ماده|معدنی ماده لر]] زنگین سۇلار دا داخیلدیر. شیرین سویا بۇز طبقه‌لرینده، بۇز اؤرتوکلرینده‌، بۇزلاقلاردا، قار ساحه‌لرینده و بوزلاق اؤرتۆیو دوْنموش و اریمیش سۇلار، یاغؽش، قار یاغؽشی، دوْلو، قار و قراۇپئل کیمی طبیعی یاغؽنتیلار و باتاقلؽقلار، گؤلمچه‌لر، چایلار، دره‌لر کیمی داخیلی سۇ حؤزه‌لرینی عمله گتیرن [[یئراوستو|اۆز آخؽنلاری]] ، ائله‌جه‌ده سۇلو طبقه‌لرده، یئرالتؽ چایلاردا و گؤللرده اوْلان یئرالتؽ سۇلار داخیل اوْلا بیلر. سو بۆتون جانلؽ اورقانیزملرین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون واجیبدیر. بیر چوخ اورقانیزم دوزلو سو ایله اینکیشاف ائده بیلر، آما دامار بیتکیلرینین بؤیوک اکثریتی و اکثر حشراتلارؽن، [[سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار]] ، [[سوروننلر|سۆروننلرین]] ، [[ ممه‌لیلر|مملیلرین]] و قوشلارین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون تمیز سویا ائحتیاجؽ وار. شیرین سو اینسانلار اۆچون ان چوخ و ایشلدیلن سو منبعییدیر. شیرین سو همیشه ایچمه‌لی سو دئییل، یعنی اینسانلار طرفیندن ایچیله بیلن سو. [[یئر|یئر کۆره‌سینین]] شیرین سویونون بؤیوک بیر حیصّه‌سی (سطحده و یئرالتؽ سولاردا) تمیزلنمه‌دن اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون اهمییتلی درجه‌ده یارارسؽزدیر. شیرین سو اینسان فعالیتی و یا طبیعی پروسه‌سلر سببین‌دن آسانلؽقلا چیرکلنه بیلر. شیرین سو دۆنیا سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین ۳٪-دن آزؽنی تشکیل ائدیر و بونون یالنؽز ۱٪-ای آسانلؽقلا الده ائدیله بیلر. دۆنیانین شیرین سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین تخمینا ۷۰٪-ای [[ جنوب قوطبو|جنوب قوطبدا]] دوندورولموشدور. بونون یالنؽز ۳٪-ای اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون چؽخاریلیر. کند تصرۆفاتی اطراف مۆحیطدن چؽخاریلان بۆتون شیرین سویون تخمینا اۆچده ایکیسینی ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=Environment |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Resources {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources |url-status=live }}</ref> شیرین سو برپا اولونان و دَییشکن، آما محدود طبیعی ثروتدیر. تزه سو طبیعی سو دؤورانی پروسه‌سی واسیطه‌سیله برپا اولونور، بورادا دنیزلردن، گؤللردن، مئشه‌لردن، تورپاقلاردان، چایلاردان و سو آنبارلارؽن‌دان گلن سو بوخارلانیر، بولودلار عمله گتیریر و یاغؽنتی شکلینده قورویا قایؽدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=17 September 2021|website=www.usgs.gov|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=dead}}</ref> آما یئرلی اولاراق، اینسان فعالیتی نتیجه‌سینده طبیعی اولاراق برپا اولوناندان داها چوخ تمیز سو ایستئهلاک ائدیلرسه‌، بو، یئرۆستو و یئرالتؽ منبعلردن تمیز سویون مؤوجودلوغونون آزالماسؽنا (وه یا سو قؽتلیغینا) سبب اولا بیلر و اطراف مۆحیطه و علاقه‌لی مۆحیطه جیدّی زیان وورا بیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997|title=Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force|website=UP collection of Inquirer|first=Rene|last=Alviar|date=1998|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref> سویون چیرکلنمه‌سی‌ده تمیز (شیرین) سویون مؤوجودلوغونو آزالدؽر. مؤوجود سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین آز اولدوغو یئرلرده اینسانلار مؤوجود تجهیزاتؽ داها دا آرتؽرماق اۆچون دوزسوزلاشدیرما و توللانتی سولارینین تکرار ائمالؽ کیمی تکنیکلر اینکیشاف ائتدیریبلر. آما، یۆکسک قیمت (هم کاپیتال، هم‌ده ایستیسمار خرجلری) و - خۆصوصا‌ده [[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] اۆچون - انرژی طلباتلارؽ نظره آلؽنماقلا، بونلار اساساً نیش تطبیقلر اولاراق قالؽر. داواملؽ اولمایان سئچیملردن بیری یئرالتؽ سو قاتلارؽن‌دان "فوسیل سویو" آدلانان سودان ایستیفاده ائتمکدیر. بو سو قاتلارؽنین بعضیلری یۆز مینلرله و حتی میلیونلارلا ایل اول یئرلی ایقلیمین داها رۆتوبتلی اولدوغو دؤورده (مثلاً، یاشؽل صحرا دؤورلرین‌دن بیرینده‌) عمله گلمیش و مؤوجود ایقلیم شرایطینده - ان آزؽ چؤکمه ایله مۆقایسه‌ده - نظرچارپاجاق درجه‌ده برپا اولونمادیغی اۆچون بو سو قاتلارؽ نارس داش کؤمۆر و یا لیقنیتله کؤمۆری مۆقایسه اولا بیلر ، ماهیت اعتیباریله برپا اولونمایان منبعلر تشکیل ائدیر کی، بونلار دا مؤوجود دؤورده داواملؽ اولاراق عمله گلیر، آما چؽخاریلدیغیندان چوخ یاواشدؽر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} cahj2pizqlo8qdbqjludg773oreoifg 1590527 1590526 2026-07-12T20:13:28Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇرایا شالیبیت بۇلاقلاری کیمی دۇزسوز [[ معدنی ماده|معدنی ماده لر]] زنگین سۇلار دا داخیلدیر. شیرین سویا بۇز طبقه‌لرینده، بۇز اؤرتوکلرینده‌، بۇزلاقلاردا، قار ساحه‌لرینده و بوزلاق اؤرتۆیو دوْنموش و اریمیش سۇلار، یاغؽش، قار یاغؽشی، دوْلو، قار و قراۇپئل کیمی طبیعی یاغؽنتیلار و باتاقلؽقلار، گؤلمچه‌لر، چایلار، دره‌لر کیمی داخیلی سۇ حؤزه‌لرینی عمله گتیرن [[یئراوستو|اۆز آخؽنلاری]] ، ائله‌جه‌ده سۇلو طبقه‌لرده، یئرالتؽ چایلاردا و گؤللرده اوْلان یئرالتؽ سۇلار داخیل اوْلا بیلر. [[File:Gentau Pic du Midi Ossau.jpg|thumb|]] سو بۆتون جانلؽ اورقانیزملرین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون واجیبدیر. بیر چوخ اورقانیزم دوزلو سو ایله اینکیشاف ائده بیلر، آما دامار بیتکیلرینین بؤیوک اکثریتی و اکثر حشراتلارؽن، [[سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار]] ، [[سوروننلر|سۆروننلرین]] ، [[ ممه‌لیلر|مملیلرین]] و قوشلارین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون تمیز سویا ائحتیاجؽ وار. شیرین سو اینسانلار اۆچون ان چوخ و ایشلدیلن سو منبعییدیر. شیرین سو همیشه ایچمه‌لی سو دئییل، یعنی اینسانلار طرفیندن ایچیله بیلن سو. [[یئر|یئر کۆره‌سینین]] شیرین سویونون بؤیوک بیر حیصّه‌سی (سطحده و یئرالتؽ سولاردا) تمیزلنمه‌دن اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون اهمییتلی درجه‌ده یارارسؽزدیر. شیرین سو اینسان فعالیتی و یا طبیعی پروسه‌سلر سببین‌دن آسانلؽقلا چیرکلنه بیلر. شیرین سو دۆنیا سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین ۳٪-دن آزؽنی تشکیل ائدیر و بونون یالنؽز ۱٪-ای آسانلؽقلا الده ائدیله بیلر. دۆنیانین شیرین سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین تخمینا ۷۰٪-ای [[ جنوب قوطبو|جنوب قوطبدا]] دوندورولموشدور. بونون یالنؽز ۳٪-ای اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون چؽخاریلیر. کند تصرۆفاتی اطراف مۆحیطدن چؽخاریلان بۆتون شیرین سویون تخمینا اۆچده ایکیسینی ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=Environment |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Resources {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources |url-status=live }}</ref> شیرین سو برپا اولونان و دَییشکن، آما محدود طبیعی ثروتدیر. تزه سو طبیعی سو دؤورانی پروسه‌سی واسیطه‌سیله برپا اولونور، بورادا دنیزلردن، گؤللردن، مئشه‌لردن، تورپاقلاردان، چایلاردان و سو آنبارلارؽن‌دان گلن سو بوخارلانیر، بولودلار عمله گتیریر و یاغؽنتی شکلینده قورویا قایؽدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=17 September 2021|website=www.usgs.gov|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=dead}}</ref> آما یئرلی اولاراق، اینسان فعالیتی نتیجه‌سینده طبیعی اولاراق برپا اولوناندان داها چوخ تمیز سو ایستئهلاک ائدیلرسه‌، بو، یئرۆستو و یئرالتؽ منبعلردن تمیز سویون مؤوجودلوغونون آزالماسؽنا (وه یا سو قؽتلیغینا) سبب اولا بیلر و اطراف مۆحیطه و علاقه‌لی مۆحیطه جیدّی زیان وورا بیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997|title=Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force|website=UP collection of Inquirer|first=Rene|last=Alviar|date=1998|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref> سویون چیرکلنمه‌سی‌ده تمیز (شیرین) سویون مؤوجودلوغونو آزالدؽر. مؤوجود سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین آز اولدوغو یئرلرده اینسانلار مؤوجود تجهیزاتؽ داها دا آرتؽرماق اۆچون دوزسوزلاشدیرما و توللانتی سولارینین تکرار ائمالؽ کیمی تکنیکلر اینکیشاف ائتدیریبلر. آما، یۆکسک قیمت (هم کاپیتال، هم‌ده ایستیسمار خرجلری) و - خۆصوصا‌ده [[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] اۆچون - انرژی طلباتلارؽ نظره آلؽنماقلا، بونلار اساساً نیش تطبیقلر اولاراق قالؽر. داواملؽ اولمایان سئچیملردن بیری یئرالتؽ سو قاتلارؽن‌دان "فوسیل سویو" آدلانان سودان ایستیفاده ائتمکدیر. بو سو قاتلارؽنین بعضیلری یۆز مینلرله و حتی میلیونلارلا ایل اول یئرلی ایقلیمین داها رۆتوبتلی اولدوغو دؤورده (مثلاً، یاشؽل صحرا دؤورلرین‌دن بیرینده‌) عمله گلمیش و مؤوجود ایقلیم شرایطینده - ان آزؽ چؤکمه ایله مۆقایسه‌ده - نظرچارپاجاق درجه‌ده برپا اولونمادیغی اۆچون بو سو قاتلارؽ نارس داش کؤمۆر و یا لیقنیتله کؤمۆری مۆقایسه اولا بیلر ، ماهیت اعتیباریله برپا اولونمایان منبعلر تشکیل ائدیر کی، بونلار دا مؤوجود دؤورده داواملؽ اولاراق عمله گلیر، آما چؽخاریلدیغیندان چوخ یاواشدؽر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} q7k6m8mi19tbgic71ddsg2552idu3hz 1590528 1590527 2026-07-12T20:16:35Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇرایا شالیبیت بۇلاقلاری کیمی دۇزسوز [[ معدنی ماده|معدنی ماده لر]] زنگین سۇلار دا داخیلدیر. شیرین سویا بۇز طبقه‌لرینده، بۇز اؤرتوکلرینده‌، بۇزلاقلاردا، قار ساحه‌لرینده و بوزلاق اؤرتۆیو دوْنموش و اریمیش سۇلار، یاغؽش، قار یاغؽشی، دوْلو، قار و قراۇپئل کیمی طبیعی یاغؽنتیلار و باتاقلؽقلار، گؤلمچه‌لر، چایلار، دره‌لر کیمی داخیلی سۇ حؤزه‌لرینی عمله گتیرن [[یئراوستو|اۆز آخؽنلاری]] ، ائله‌جه‌ده سۇلو طبقه‌لرده، یئرالتؽ چایلاردا و گؤللرده اوْلان یئرالتؽ سۇلار داخیل اوْلا بیلر. [[File:Furesø Næsseslottet 2005-2.jpg|thumb|دانمارکدا بیر شیرین سو گؤلو]] [[File:Gentau Pic du Midi Ossau.jpg|thumb|]] سو بۆتون جانلؽ اورقانیزملرین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون واجیبدیر. بیر چوخ اورقانیزم دوزلو سو ایله اینکیشاف ائده بیلر، آما دامار بیتکیلرینین بؤیوک اکثریتی و اکثر حشراتلارؽن، [[سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار]] ، [[سوروننلر|سۆروننلرین]] ، [[ ممه‌لیلر|مملیلرین]] و قوشلارین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون تمیز سویا ائحتیاجؽ وار. شیرین سو اینسانلار اۆچون ان چوخ و ایشلدیلن سو منبعییدیر. شیرین سو همیشه ایچمه‌لی سو دئییل، یعنی اینسانلار طرفیندن ایچیله بیلن سو. [[یئر|یئر کۆره‌سینین]] شیرین سویونون بؤیوک بیر حیصّه‌سی (سطحده و یئرالتؽ سولاردا) تمیزلنمه‌دن اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون اهمییتلی درجه‌ده یارارسؽزدیر. شیرین سو اینسان فعالیتی و یا طبیعی پروسه‌سلر سببین‌دن آسانلؽقلا چیرکلنه بیلر. شیرین سو دۆنیا سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین ۳٪-دن آزؽنی تشکیل ائدیر و بونون یالنؽز ۱٪-ای آسانلؽقلا الده ائدیله بیلر. دۆنیانین شیرین سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین تخمینا ۷۰٪-ای [[ جنوب قوطبو|جنوب قوطبدا]] دوندورولموشدور. بونون یالنؽز ۳٪-ای اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون چؽخاریلیر. کند تصرۆفاتی اطراف مۆحیطدن چؽخاریلان بۆتون شیرین سویون تخمینا اۆچده ایکیسینی ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=Environment |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Resources {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources |url-status=live }}</ref> شیرین سو برپا اولونان و دَییشکن، آما محدود طبیعی ثروتدیر. تزه سو طبیعی سو دؤورانی پروسه‌سی واسیطه‌سیله برپا اولونور، بورادا دنیزلردن، گؤللردن، مئشه‌لردن، تورپاقلاردان، چایلاردان و سو آنبارلارؽن‌دان گلن سو بوخارلانیر، بولودلار عمله گتیریر و یاغؽنتی شکلینده قورویا قایؽدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=17 September 2021|website=www.usgs.gov|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=dead}}</ref> آما یئرلی اولاراق، اینسان فعالیتی نتیجه‌سینده طبیعی اولاراق برپا اولوناندان داها چوخ تمیز سو ایستئهلاک ائدیلرسه‌، بو، یئرۆستو و یئرالتؽ منبعلردن تمیز سویون مؤوجودلوغونون آزالماسؽنا (وه یا سو قؽتلیغینا) سبب اولا بیلر و اطراف مۆحیطه و علاقه‌لی مۆحیطه جیدّی زیان وورا بیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997|title=Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force|website=UP collection of Inquirer|first=Rene|last=Alviar|date=1998|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref> سویون چیرکلنمه‌سی‌ده تمیز (شیرین) سویون مؤوجودلوغونو آزالدؽر. مؤوجود سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین آز اولدوغو یئرلرده اینسانلار مؤوجود تجهیزاتؽ داها دا آرتؽرماق اۆچون دوزسوزلاشدیرما و توللانتی سولارینین تکرار ائمالؽ کیمی تکنیکلر اینکیشاف ائتدیریبلر. آما، یۆکسک قیمت (هم کاپیتال، هم‌ده ایستیسمار خرجلری) و - خۆصوصا‌ده [[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] اۆچون - انرژی طلباتلارؽ نظره آلؽنماقلا، بونلار اساساً نیش تطبیقلر اولاراق قالؽر. داواملؽ اولمایان سئچیملردن بیری یئرالتؽ سو قاتلارؽن‌دان "فوسیل سویو" آدلانان سودان ایستیفاده ائتمکدیر. بو سو قاتلارؽنین بعضیلری یۆز مینلرله و حتی میلیونلارلا ایل اول یئرلی ایقلیمین داها رۆتوبتلی اولدوغو دؤورده (مثلاً، یاشؽل صحرا دؤورلرین‌دن بیرینده‌) عمله گلمیش و مؤوجود ایقلیم شرایطینده - ان آزؽ چؤکمه ایله مۆقایسه‌ده - نظرچارپاجاق درجه‌ده برپا اولونمادیغی اۆچون بو سو قاتلارؽ نارس داش کؤمۆر و یا لیقنیتله کؤمۆری مۆقایسه اولا بیلر ، ماهیت اعتیباریله برپا اولونمایان منبعلر تشکیل ائدیر کی، بونلار دا مؤوجود دؤورده داواملؽ اولاراق عمله گلیر، آما چؽخاریلدیغیندان چوخ یاواشدؽر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} go8znhv120pxqqczi4wqqra5ho9u0eh 1590529 1590528 2026-07-12T20:18:05Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇرایا شالیبیت بۇلاقلاری کیمی دۇزسوز [[ معدنی ماده|معدنی ماده لر]] زنگین سۇلار دا داخیلدیر. شیرین سویا بۇز طبقه‌لرینده، بۇز اؤرتوکلرینده‌، بۇزلاقلاردا، قار ساحه‌لرینده و بوزلاق اؤرتۆیو دوْنموش و اریمیش سۇلار، یاغؽش، قار یاغؽشی، دوْلو، قار و قراۇپئل کیمی طبیعی یاغؽنتیلار و باتاقلؽقلار، گؤلمچه‌لر، چایلار، دره‌لر کیمی داخیلی سۇ حؤزه‌لرینی عمله گتیرن [[یئراوستو آخینتی|اۆز آخؽنلاری]] ، ائله‌جه‌ده سۇلو طبقه‌لرده، یئرالتؽ چایلاردا و گؤللرده اوْلان یئرالتؽ سۇلار داخیل اوْلا بیلر. [[File:Furesø Næsseslottet 2005-2.jpg|thumb|دانمارکدا بیر شیرین سو گؤلو]] [[File:Gentau Pic du Midi Ossau.jpg|thumb|]] سو بۆتون جانلؽ اورقانیزملرین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون واجیبدیر. بیر چوخ اورقانیزم دوزلو سو ایله اینکیشاف ائده بیلر، آما دامار بیتکیلرینین بؤیوک اکثریتی و اکثر حشراتلارؽن، [[سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار]] ، [[سوروننلر|سۆروننلرین]] ، [[ ممه‌لیلر|مملیلرین]] و قوشلارین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون تمیز سویا ائحتیاجؽ وار. شیرین سو اینسانلار اۆچون ان چوخ و ایشلدیلن سو منبعییدیر. شیرین سو همیشه ایچمه‌لی سو دئییل، یعنی اینسانلار طرفیندن ایچیله بیلن سو. [[یئر|یئر کۆره‌سینین]] شیرین سویونون بؤیوک بیر حیصّه‌سی (سطحده و یئرالتؽ سولاردا) تمیزلنمه‌دن اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون اهمییتلی درجه‌ده یارارسؽزدیر. شیرین سو اینسان فعالیتی و یا طبیعی پروسه‌سلر سببین‌دن آسانلؽقلا چیرکلنه بیلر. شیرین سو دۆنیا سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین ۳٪-دن آزؽنی تشکیل ائدیر و بونون یالنؽز ۱٪-ای آسانلؽقلا الده ائدیله بیلر. دۆنیانین شیرین سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین تخمینا ۷۰٪-ای [[ جنوب قوطبو|جنوب قوطبدا]] دوندورولموشدور. بونون یالنؽز ۳٪-ای اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون چؽخاریلیر. کند تصرۆفاتی اطراف مۆحیطدن چؽخاریلان بۆتون شیرین سویون تخمینا اۆچده ایکیسینی ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=Environment |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Resources {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources |url-status=live }}</ref> شیرین سو برپا اولونان و دَییشکن، آما محدود طبیعی ثروتدیر. تزه سو طبیعی سو دؤورانی پروسه‌سی واسیطه‌سیله برپا اولونور، بورادا دنیزلردن، گؤللردن، مئشه‌لردن، تورپاقلاردان، چایلاردان و سو آنبارلارؽن‌دان گلن سو بوخارلانیر، بولودلار عمله گتیریر و یاغؽنتی شکلینده قورویا قایؽدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=17 September 2021|website=www.usgs.gov|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=dead}}</ref> آما یئرلی اولاراق، اینسان فعالیتی نتیجه‌سینده طبیعی اولاراق برپا اولوناندان داها چوخ تمیز سو ایستئهلاک ائدیلرسه‌، بو، یئرۆستو و یئرالتؽ منبعلردن تمیز سویون مؤوجودلوغونون آزالماسؽنا (وه یا سو قؽتلیغینا) سبب اولا بیلر و اطراف مۆحیطه و علاقه‌لی مۆحیطه جیدّی زیان وورا بیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997|title=Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force|website=UP collection of Inquirer|first=Rene|last=Alviar|date=1998|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref> سویون چیرکلنمه‌سی‌ده تمیز (شیرین) سویون مؤوجودلوغونو آزالدؽر. مؤوجود سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین آز اولدوغو یئرلرده اینسانلار مؤوجود تجهیزاتؽ داها دا آرتؽرماق اۆچون دوزسوزلاشدیرما و توللانتی سولارینین تکرار ائمالؽ کیمی تکنیکلر اینکیشاف ائتدیریبلر. آما، یۆکسک قیمت (هم کاپیتال، هم‌ده ایستیسمار خرجلری) و - خۆصوصا‌ده [[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] اۆچون - انرژی طلباتلارؽ نظره آلؽنماقلا، بونلار اساساً نیش تطبیقلر اولاراق قالؽر. داواملؽ اولمایان سئچیملردن بیری یئرالتؽ سو قاتلارؽن‌دان "فوسیل سویو" آدلانان سودان ایستیفاده ائتمکدیر. بو سو قاتلارؽنین بعضیلری یۆز مینلرله و حتی میلیونلارلا ایل اول یئرلی ایقلیمین داها رۆتوبتلی اولدوغو دؤورده (مثلاً، یاشؽل صحرا دؤورلرین‌دن بیرینده‌) عمله گلمیش و مؤوجود ایقلیم شرایطینده - ان آزؽ چؤکمه ایله مۆقایسه‌ده - نظرچارپاجاق درجه‌ده برپا اولونمادیغی اۆچون بو سو قاتلارؽ نارس داش کؤمۆر و یا لیقنیتله کؤمۆری مۆقایسه اولا بیلر ، ماهیت اعتیباریله برپا اولونمایان منبعلر تشکیل ائدیر کی، بونلار دا مؤوجود دؤورده داواملؽ اولاراق عمله گلیر، آما چؽخاریلدیغیندان چوخ یاواشدؽر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} c81ql8rm64te4vixp1jqgbys27bk5zm 1590530 1590529 2026-07-12T20:26:38Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇرایا شالیبیت بۇلاقلاری کیمی دۇزسوز [[ معدنی ماده|معدنی ماده لر]] زنگین سۇلار دا داخیلدیر. شیرین سویا بۇز طبقه‌لرینده، بۇز اؤرتوکلرینده‌، بۇزلاقلاردا، قار ساحه‌لرینده و بوزلاق اؤرتۆیو دوْنموش و اریمیش سۇلار، یاغؽش، قار یاغؽشی، دوْلو، قار و قراۇپئل کیمی طبیعی یاغؽنتیلار و باتاقلؽقلار، گؤلمچه‌لر، چایلار، دره‌لر کیمی داخیلی سۇ حؤزه‌لرینی عمله گتیرن [[یئراوستو آخینتی|اۆز آخؽنلاری]] ، ائله‌جه‌ده سۇلو طبقه‌لرده، یئرالتؽ چایلاردا و گؤللرده اوْلان یئرالتؽ سۇلار داخیل اوْلا بیلر. [[File:Furesø Næsseslottet 2005-2.jpg|thumb|دانمارکدا بیر شیرین سو گؤلو]] [[File:Gentau Pic du Midi Ossau.jpg|thumb|]] سو بۆتون جانلؽ اورقانیزملرین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون واجیبدیر. بیر چوخ اورقانیزم دوزلو سو ایله اینکیشاف ائده بیلر، آما دامار بیتکیلرینین بؤیوک اکثریتی و اکثر حشراتلارؽن، [[سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار]] ، [[سوروننلر|سۆروننلرین]] ، [[ ممه‌لیلر|مملیلرین]] و قوشلارین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون تمیز سویا ائحتیاجؽ وار. شیرین سو اینسانلار اۆچون ان چوخ و ایشلدیلن سو منبعییدیر. شیرین سو همیشه ایچمه‌لی سو دئییل، یعنی اینسانلار طرفیندن ایچیله بیلن سو. [[یئر|یئر کۆره‌سینین]] شیرین سویونون بؤیوک بیر حیصّه‌سی (سطحده و یئرالتؽ سولاردا) تمیزلنمه‌دن اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون اهمییتلی درجه‌ده یارارسؽزدیر. شیرین سو اینسان فعالیتی و یا طبیعی پروسه‌سلر سببین‌دن آسانلؽقلا چیرکلنه بیلر. [[File:Řeka Topo.jpg|thumb|left|اکوادوردا بیر چای]] شیرین سو دۆنیا سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین ۳٪-دن آزؽنی تشکیل ائدیر و بونون یالنؽز ۱٪-ای آسانلؽقلا الده ائدیله بیلر. دۆنیانین شیرین سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین تخمینا ۷۰٪-ای [[ جنوب قوطبو|جنوب قوطبدا]] دوندورولموشدور. بونون یالنؽز ۳٪-ای اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون چؽخاریلیر. کند تصرۆفاتی اطراف مۆحیطدن چؽخاریلان بۆتون شیرین سویون تخمینا اۆچده ایکیسینی ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=Environment |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Resources {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources |url-status=live }}</ref> شیرین سو برپا اولونان و دَییشکن، آما محدود طبیعی ثروتدیر. تزه سو طبیعی سو دؤورانی پروسه‌سی واسیطه‌سیله برپا اولونور، بورادا دنیزلردن، گؤللردن، مئشه‌لردن، تورپاقلاردان، چایلاردان و سو آنبارلارؽن‌دان گلن سو بوخارلانیر، بولودلار عمله گتیریر و یاغؽنتی شکلینده قورویا قایؽدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=17 September 2021|website=www.usgs.gov|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=dead}}</ref> آما یئرلی اولاراق، اینسان فعالیتی نتیجه‌سینده طبیعی اولاراق برپا اولوناندان داها چوخ تمیز سو ایستئهلاک ائدیلرسه‌، بو، یئرۆستو و یئرالتؽ منبعلردن تمیز سویون مؤوجودلوغونون آزالماسؽنا (وه یا سو قؽتلیغینا) سبب اولا بیلر و اطراف مۆحیطه و علاقه‌لی مۆحیطه جیدّی زیان وورا بیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997|title=Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force|website=UP collection of Inquirer|first=Rene|last=Alviar|date=1998|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref> سویون چیرکلنمه‌سی‌ده تمیز (شیرین) سویون مؤوجودلوغونو آزالدؽر. مؤوجود سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین آز اولدوغو یئرلرده اینسانلار مؤوجود تجهیزاتؽ داها دا آرتؽرماق اۆچون دوزسوزلاشدیرما و توللانتی سولارینین تکرار ائمالؽ کیمی تکنیکلر اینکیشاف ائتدیریبلر. آما، یۆکسک قیمت (هم کاپیتال، هم‌ده ایستیسمار خرجلری) و - خۆصوصا‌ده [[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] اۆچون - انرژی طلباتلارؽ نظره آلؽنماقلا، بونلار اساساً نیش تطبیقلر اولاراق قالؽر. داواملؽ اولمایان سئچیملردن بیری یئرالتؽ سو قاتلارؽن‌دان "فوسیل سویو" آدلانان سودان ایستیفاده ائتمکدیر. بو سو قاتلارؽنین بعضیلری یۆز مینلرله و حتی میلیونلارلا ایل اول یئرلی ایقلیمین داها رۆتوبتلی اولدوغو دؤورده (مثلاً، یاشؽل صحرا دؤورلرین‌دن بیرینده‌) عمله گلمیش و مؤوجود ایقلیم شرایطینده - ان آزؽ چؤکمه ایله مۆقایسه‌ده - نظرچارپاجاق درجه‌ده برپا اولونمادیغی اۆچون بو سو قاتلارؽ نارس داش کؤمۆر و یا لیقنیتله کؤمۆری مۆقایسه اولا بیلر ، ماهیت اعتیباریله برپا اولونمایان منبعلر تشکیل ائدیر کی، بونلار دا مؤوجود دؤورده داواملؽ اولاراق عمله گلیر، آما چؽخاریلدیغیندان چوخ یاواشدؽر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} mv43idjx0qmpbedxv6akcwtm179hyan 1590531 1590530 2026-07-12T20:31:34Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''شیرین سو''' و یا '''ایچملی سو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: Fresh water) ، ترکیبینده آز میقداردا حل اوْلموش [[دوز|دۇزلار]] و آیری عۆمومی حل اوْلموش برک ماده‌لر اوْلان طبیعی [[مایع]] و یا دوْنموش سۇدور. بۇ تئرمین [[دنیز]] سۇیو و دۇزلو سۇیو احاطه ائتمیر، آما بۇرایا شالیبیت بۇلاقلاری کیمی دۇزسوز [[ معدنی ماده|معدنی ماده لر]] زنگین سۇلار دا داخیلدیر. شیرین سویا بۇز طبقه‌لرینده، بۇز اؤرتوکلرینده‌، بۇزلاقلاردا، قار ساحه‌لرینده و بوزلاق اؤرتۆیو دوْنموش و اریمیش سۇلار، یاغؽش، قار یاغؽشی، دوْلو، قار و قراۇپئل کیمی طبیعی یاغؽنتیلار و باتاقلؽقلار، گؤلمچه‌لر، چایلار، دره‌لر کیمی داخیلی سۇ حؤزه‌لرینی عمله گتیرن [[یئراوستو آخینتی|اۆز آخؽنلاری]] ، ائله‌جه‌ده سۇلو طبقه‌لرده، یئرالتؽ چایلاردا و گؤللرده اوْلان یئرالتؽ سۇلار داخیل اوْلا بیلر. [[File:Furesø Næsseslottet 2005-2.jpg|thumb|دانمارکدا بیر شیرین سو گؤلو]] [[File:Gentau Pic du Midi Ossau.jpg|thumb|]] سو بۆتون جانلؽ اورقانیزملرین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون واجیبدیر. بیر چوخ اورقانیزم دوزلو سو ایله اینکیشاف ائده بیلر، آما دامار بیتکیلرینین بؤیوک اکثریتی و اکثر حشراتلارؽن، [[سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار]] ، [[سوروننلر|سۆروننلرین]] ، [[ ممه‌لیلر|مملیلرین]] و قوشلارین یاشاماسؽ اۆچون تمیز سویا ائحتیاجؽ وار. شیرین سو اینسانلار اۆچون ان چوخ و ایشلدیلن سو منبعییدیر. شیرین سو همیشه ایچمه‌لی سو دئییل، یعنی اینسانلار طرفیندن ایچیله بیلن سو. [[یئر|یئر کۆره‌سینین]] شیرین سویونون بؤیوک بیر حیصّه‌سی (سطحده و یئرالتؽ سولاردا) تمیزلنمه‌دن اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون اهمییتلی درجه‌ده یارارسؽزدیر. شیرین سو اینسان فعالیتی و یا طبیعی پروسه‌سلر سببین‌دن آسانلؽقلا چیرکلنه بیلر. [[File:Řeka Topo.jpg|thumb|left|اکوادوردا بیر چای]] شیرین سو دۆنیا سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین ۳٪-دن آزؽنی تشکیل ائدیر و بونون یالنؽز ۱٪-ای آسانلؽقلا الده ائدیله بیلر. دۆنیانین شیرین سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین تخمینا ۷۰٪-ای [[ جنوب قوطبو|جنوب قوطبدا]] دوندورولموشدور. بونون یالنؽز ۳٪-ای اینسان ایستئهلاکؽ اۆچون چؽخاریلیر. کند تصرۆفاتی اطراف مۆحیطدن چؽخاریلان بۆتون شیرین سویون تخمینا اۆچده ایکیسینی ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=Environment |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Resources {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources |url-status=live }}</ref> شیرین سو برپا اولونان و دَییشکن، آما محدود طبیعی ثروتدیر. تزه سو طبیعی سو دؤورانی پروسه‌سی واسیطه‌سیله برپا اولونور، بورادا دنیزلردن، گؤللردن، مئشه‌لردن، تورپاقلاردان، چایلاردان و سو آنبارلارؽن‌دان گلن سو بوخارلانیر، بولودلار عمله گتیریر و یاغؽنتی شکلینده قورویا قایؽدیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=17 September 2021|website=www.usgs.gov|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=dead}}</ref> آما یئرلی اولاراق، اینسان فعالیتی نتیجه‌سینده طبیعی اولاراق برپا اولوناندان داها چوخ تمیز سو ایستئهلاک ائدیلرسه‌، بو، یئرۆستو و یئرالتؽ منبعلردن تمیز سویون مؤوجودلوغونون آزالماسؽنا (وه یا سو قؽتلیغینا) سبب اولا بیلر و اطراف مۆحیطه و علاقه‌لی مۆحیطه جیدّی زیان وورا بیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997|title=Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force|website=UP collection of Inquirer|first=Rene|last=Alviar|date=1998|accessdate=December 30, 2024}}</ref> سویون چیرکلنمه‌سی‌ده تمیز (شیرین) سویون مؤوجودلوغونو آزالدؽر. مؤوجود سو ائحتیاطلارؽنین آز اولدوغو یئرلرده اینسانلار مؤوجود تجهیزاتؽ داها دا آرتؽرماق اۆچون دوزسوزلاشدیرما و توللانتی سولارینین تکرار ائمالؽ کیمی تکنیکلر اینکیشاف ائتدیریبلر. آما، یۆکسک قیمت (هم کاپیتال، هم‌ده ایستیسمار خرجلری) و - خۆصوصا‌ده [[دوزسوزلاشدیرما]] اۆچون - انرژی طلباتلارؽ نظره آلؽنماقلا، بونلار اساساً نیش تطبیقلر اولاراق قالؽر. [[File:Stream without conservation buffers.jpg|thumb|اکینچیلیک شیرین سونۇن اساس چیرکینلشدیرمه منبعلرین بیری.]] داواملؽ اولمایان سئچیملردن بیری یئرالتؽ سو قاتلارؽن‌دان "فوسیل سویو" آدلانان سودان ایستیفاده ائتمکدیر. بو سو قاتلارؽنین بعضیلری یۆز مینلرله و حتی میلیونلارلا ایل اول یئرلی ایقلیمین داها رۆتوبتلی اولدوغو دؤورده (مثلاً، یاشؽل صحرا دؤورلرین‌دن بیرینده‌) عمله گلمیش و مؤوجود ایقلیم شرایطینده - ان آزؽ چؤکمه ایله مۆقایسه‌ده - نظرچارپاجاق درجه‌ده برپا اولونمادیغی اۆچون بو سو قاتلارؽ نارس داش کؤمۆر و یا لیقنیتله کؤمۆری مۆقایسه اولا بیلر ، ماهیت اعتیباریله برپا اولونمایان منبعلر تشکیل ائدیر کی، بونلار دا مؤوجود دؤورده داواملؽ اولاراق عمله گلیر، آما چؽخاریلدیغیندان چوخ یاواشدؽر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} rzrhxlxv4qgpyzyncevu5q05bz70gms 0 617947 1590536 2026-07-12T21:39:05Z Stw lt 62830 ایجادشده به‌واسطهٔ ترجمهٔ بخش آغازین صفحهٔ «[[:fa:Special:Redirect/revision/43689925|جگت گوسائین]]» 1590536 wikitext text/x-wiki Localized exception with key rest-parsoid-error rmkltcbtnuxm2ljgm0khqbwbcg1kmev 1590537 1590536 2026-07-12T22:01:18Z Stw lt 62830 1590537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name=جگت گوسین|title=بی‌بی بلقیس مکانی|image=Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani.jpg|caption=تاج بی‌بی بلقیس مکانی جگت گوسین خانیم|succession=|reign=|predecessor=|successor=|birth_name=مانوتی بائی|birth_date=جودپور, راجیستان|birth_place=|death_date=۱۹ آوريل ۱۶۱۹|death_place=[[آگره]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|burial_place=|consort=|spouse=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|issue=* بیگم سلطان بیگم * [[شاه جهان]]|house=[[دودمان تیمور]] (بواسطه ازدواج)|father=راجا اودی سینگ|religion=[[اسلام]] [[شیعه]]|succession1=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۳ نوامبر ۱۶۰۵ - ۱۹ آوریل ۱۶۱۹|predecessor1=[[شاه بیگم]]|successor1=[[صاحب جمال|صاحب جمال بیگم]]|succession2=‌}} '''جگت گوسائین''' (هندی: जगत गोसाईं؛ وفات: ۱۹ آپریل ۱۶۱۹)، «جهان خانیمی» معناسینی وئرن، گورکانیلر ایمپراتورلوغوندا کرالیچه اولموشدور. او، مغول پادشاهی [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیرشاهین]] آروادی و اونون جانشینی، بئشینجی مغول پادشاهی [[شاه جهان|شاه جهانین]] آناسی اولموشدور. او همچنین [[جگت گوسین|مانوتی بائی]] (هندی: मानवती बाई) آدی و اؤلوم‌دن سونراکی تاج بی‌بی بلقیس مکانی لقبینه ایله تانینمیشدیر. جگت گوسائین راجپوت نَسلیندن ایدی و ماروار (ایندیکی جودپور) شاهزاده‌سی اودای سینگین (موتا راجا آدی ایله تانینان) قیزی و هند اشراف‌لاریندان بیری اولموشدور. h2imvgowvpixrxdagqsg6bkel688oyt 1590538 1590537 2026-07-12T22:02:17Z Stw lt 62830 /* */ 1590538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|name=جگت گوسین|title=بی‌بی بلقیس مکانی|image=Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani.jpg|caption=تاج بی‌بی بلقیس مکانی جگت گوسین خانیم|succession=|reign=|predecessor=|successor=|birth_name=مانوتی بائی|birth_date=جودپور, راجیستان|birth_place=|death_date=۱۹ آوريل ۱۶۱۹|death_place=[[آگره]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|burial_place=|consort=|spouse=[[جهانگیرشاه]]|issue=* بیگم سلطان بیگم * [[شاه جهان]]|house=[[دودمان تیمور]] (بواسطه ازدواج)|father=راجا اودی سینگ|religion=[[اسلام]] [[شیعه]]|succession1=[[کرالیچه]]، [[بؤیوک موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|reign1=۳ نوامبر ۱۶۰۵ - ۱۹ آوریل ۱۶۱۹|predecessor1=[[شاه بیگم]]|successor1=[[خاص محل|خاص محل بیگم]]|succession2=‌}} '''جگت گوسائین''' (هندی: जगत गोसाईं؛ وفات: ۱۹ آپریل ۱۶۱۹)، «جهان خانیمی» معناسینی وئرن، گورکانیلر ایمپراتورلوغوندا کرالیچه اولموشدور. او، مغول پادشاهی [[جهانگیرشاه|جهانگیرشاهین]] آروادی و اونون جانشینی، بئشینجی مغول پادشاهی [[شاه جهان|شاه جهانین]] آناسی اولموشدور. او همچنین [[جگت گوسین|مانوتی بائی]] (هندی: मानवती बाई) آدی و اؤلوم‌دن سونراکی تاج بی‌بی بلقیس مکانی لقبینه ایله تانینمیشدیر. جگت گوسائین راجپوت نَسلیندن ایدی و ماروار (ایندیکی جودپور) شاهزاده‌سی اودای سینگین (موتا راجا آدی ایله تانینان) قیزی و هند اشراف‌لاریندان بیری اولموشدور. 9zb9ze3ii4zwjxt1qn21po0uy4sves3 0 617948 1590558 2026-07-13T11:12:46Z H.Ganjeli 58356 صفحه‌‌نی ' '''تی-۷۲''' ، ۱۹۷۳-جی ایلده ایستئحصالا باشلایان [[شوروی]] اساس دؤیۆش تانکلارؽ عائله‌سیدیر. تی-۷۲، اولکی اوبجکت ۱۶۷ام دۆشۆنجه و دیزاینؽندان ایستیفاده ائده‌رک ت-۶۴ اساسؽندا حاضؽرلانمؽش بیر اینکیشاف ایدی. تخمینا ۲۵.۰۰۰ تی-۷۲ تانکؽ اینشا ائدیلمیشدیر و ت...' ایله ياراتدی 1590558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''تی-۷۲''' ، ۱۹۷۳-جی ایلده ایستئحصالا باشلایان [[شوروی]] اساس دؤیۆش تانکلارؽ عائله‌سیدیر. تی-۷۲، اولکی اوبجکت ۱۶۷ام دۆشۆنجه و دیزاینؽندان ایستیفاده ائده‌رک ت-۶۴ اساسؽندا حاضؽرلانمؽش بیر اینکیشاف ایدی. تخمینا ۲۵.۰۰۰ تی-۷۲ تانکؽ اینشا ائدیلمیشدیر و تعمیر ایشلری بیر چوخونون اونیللیکلر عرضینده خیدمتده قالماسؽنا ایمکان وئرمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=244 |title=Сравнение характеристик ЗРК С-300 ПМУ-1 и Пэтриот |trans-title=Comparison of the characteristics of the S-300 PMU-1 and Patriot air defense systems |language=ru |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013072626/http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=244 |archive-date=13 October 2014 |url-status=live |website=kap-yar.ru}}</ref> گئنیش شکیلده ایخراج ائدیلمیش و ۴۰ اؤلکه‌ده و چوخسایلؽ مۆناقیشه‌لرده خیدمت ائتمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/t72tank.htm |title=T72 Tank |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019213758/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/t72tank.htm |archive-date=19 October 2014 |url-status=live |website=fas.org}}</ref> ۱۹۹۲-جی ایلده تقدیم ائدیلن [[روسیه]] تی-۹۰ و چین تایپ ۹۹ تی-۷۲-نین سونراکؽ اینکیشافلارؽدؽر. مۆختلیف مودلرنلشدیریلمیش تی-۷۲ مودللرینین ایستحصالؽ و اینکیشافؽ بو گۆن‌ده داوام ائدیر.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szulc |first1=Tomasz |title=Nowe Czołgi Naszych Wschodnich Sąsiadów: T-90MS I Opłot-M |journal=Nowa Technika Wojskowa |date=September 2012 |issue=9 |pages=12–24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |editor1-link=Christopher F. Foss |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011–2012 |publisher=Janes Information Group |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-71062960-9 |pages=5–6 |edition=32nd |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janesarmourartil0000unse}}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} k5ss9u29i2knef5o41z5urdbcncb4hv 1590559 1590558 2026-07-13T11:26:19Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''تی-۷۲''' ، ۱۹۷۳-جی ایلده ایستئحصالا باشلایان [[شوروی]] اساس دؤیۆش تانکلارؽ عائله‌سیدیر. تی-۷۲، اولکی اوبجکت ۱۶۷ام دۆشۆنجه و دیزاینؽندان ایستیفاده ائده‌رک ت-۶۴ اساسؽندا حاضؽرلانمؽش بیر اینکیشاف ایدی. تخمینا ۲۵.۰۰۰ تی-۷۲ تانکؽ اینشا ائدیلمیشدیر و تعمیر ایشلری بیر چوخونون اونیللیکلر عرضینده خیدمتده قالماسؽنا ایمکان وئرمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=244 |title=Сравнение характеристик ЗРК С-300 ПМУ-1 и Пэтриот |trans-title=Comparison of the characteristics of the S-300 PMU-1 and Patriot air defense systems |language=ru |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013072626/http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=244 |archive-date=13 October 2014 |url-status=live |website=kap-yar.ru}}</ref> گئنیش شکیلده ایخراج ائدیلمیش و ۴۰ اؤلکه‌ده و چوخسایلؽ مۆناقیشه‌لرده خیدمت ائتمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/t72tank.htm |title=T72 Tank |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019213758/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/t72tank.htm |archive-date=19 October 2014 |url-status=live |website=fas.org}}</ref> ۱۹۹۲-جی ایلده تقدیم ائدیلن [[روسیه]] تی-۹۰ و چین تایپ ۹۹ تی-۷۲-نین سونراکؽ اینکیشافلارؽدؽر. مۆختلیف مودلرنلشدیریلمیش تی-۷۲ مودللرینین ایستحصالؽ و اینکیشافؽ بو گۆن‌ده داوام ائدیر.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szulc |first1=Tomasz |title=Nowe Czołgi Naszych Wschodnich Sąsiadów: T-90MS I Opłot-M |journal=Nowa Technika Wojskowa |date=September 2012 |issue=9 |pages=12–24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |editor1-link=Christopher F. Foss |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011–2012 |publisher=Janes Information Group |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-71062960-9 |pages=5–6 |edition=32nd |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janesarmourartil0000unse}}</ref> {{Infobox weapon | name = تی-۷۲ | image = Alabino05042017-40.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = تی-۷۲ بی سی ام گورونتوسو | origin = [[شوروی]] | type = [[اساس میدان دؤیوشو تانکی]] <!-- Type selection -->| is_vehicle = yes | is_UK = yes <!-- Service history -->| service = ۱۹۶۹-ایندیاجاق | used_by = See ''[[T-72 operators and variants#Current operators|Operators]]'' | wars = {{collapsible list|[[Iran–Iraq War]]|[[1982 Lebanon War]]|[[1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War]]|[[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]|[[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]|[[Gulf War]]|[[1991 Iraqi uprisings]]|[[Georgian civil war of 1991–1993|Georgian Civil War]]|[[Civil war in Tajikistan]]||[[Sierra Leone Civil War]]|[[Yugoslav Wars]]|[[Algerian Civil War]]|[[Rwandan Civil War]]|[[First Chechen War]]|[[Kargil War]]|[[Second Chechen War]]|[[2003 invasion of Iraq]]|[[Russo-Georgian War]]|[[First Libyan Civil War]]|[[Syrian Civil War]]|[[South Sudanese Civil War]]|[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]|<!--intentional link to dab page-->|[[Second Libyan Civil War]]|[[Boko Haram insurgency]]|[[2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]|[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]]|[[Tigray War]]|[[Russo-Ukraine War]]|[[2023 Sudan conflict]]}} <!-- Production history -->| designer = [[Uralvagonzavod|Leonid Kartsev-Valeri Venediktov]] | design_date = 1967–1973 | manufacturer = [[Uralvagonzavod]], [[Heavy Vehicles Factory]] | unit_cost = US$0.5–1.2 million in 1994–1996,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=244 |title=Сравнение характеристик ЗРК С-300 ПМУ-1 и Пэтриот |trans-title=Comparison of the characteristics of the S-300 PMU-1 and Patriot air defense systems |language=ru |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013072626/http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=244 |archive-date=13 October 2014 |url-status=live |website=kap-yar.ru}}</ref> US$1–2 million (30,962,000–61,924,000 rubles) in 2009,{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} US$0.5 million in 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-ethiopia-tanks-ukraine-20110610-idAFJOE7590IR20110610 |title=Ethiopia signs deal to purchase 200 tanks from Ukraine: official |date=10 June 2011 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=reuters.com}}</ref> | production_date = 1973–present | number = approx. 25,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tankmuseum.org/tank-nuts/tank-collection/t-72 |title=T-72 |website=Tankmuseum.org |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/ussr/soviet_t-72.php |title=T-72 main battle tank (1972) |website=Tanks-encyclopedia.com |date=23 November 2014 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref> | variants = <!-- General specifications --> | spec_label = T-72A<ref name="Chris Foss 101">{{Cite book |last=Foss |first=Chris |year=2005 |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006 |isbn=0-7106-2686-X |publisher=Jane's Information Group |page=101}}</ref> | weight = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|41.0|t|short ton|lk=on}} (T-72 Ural) | {{convert|41.5|t|short ton|lk=on}} (T-72A) | {{convert|44.5|t|short ton|lk=on}} (T-72B) }} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|9.73|m|ftin|abbr=on}} gun forward | {{convert|6.67 to 6.86|m|ftin|abbr=on}} hull }} | width = {{convert|3.40 to 3.59|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|2.23|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | crew = 3 (commander, gunner, driver) | elevation = +14° / -6° <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour = [[Rolled homogeneous armour|Steel]] and [[composite armour]] with [[Explosive reactive armour|ERA]] | primary_armament = 125&nbsp;mm 2A26M2/2A46/[[2A46 125 mm gun|2A46M]]/2A46M-5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.militaryparitet.com/perevodnie/data/ic_perevodnie/5932/ |title=05.10.14 -723 |website=Militaryparitet.com |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012093026/http://www.militaryparitet.com/perevodnie/data/ic_perevodnie/5932/ |archive-date=12 October 2014 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> smoothbore gun | secondary_armament = {{unbulleted list | 7.62&nbsp;mm [[PK machine gun|PKT]] [[coaxial weapon|coax.]] machine gun | 12.7&nbsp;mm [[NSV (machine gun)|NSVT]] }} | engine = {{unbulleted list|V12 diesel|V-46-4 (T-72 Ural), V-46-6 (T-72A), V-84-1 (T-72B), V-92S2F (T-72B3 & T-72B3M) }} | engine_power = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|780|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (V-46-4/V-46-6) | {{convert|840|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (V-84-1) | {{convert|1130|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (V-92S2F) }} | pw_ratio = 19.0{{nbsp}}hp/tonne (T-72 Ural), 18.8{{nbsp}}hp/tonne (T-72 A/B) | transmission = [[Synchromesh]], hydraulically assisted, with 7 forward and 1 reverse gears | suspension = [[Torsion bar]] | clearance = {{convert|0.49|m|in|abbr=on}} | fuel_capacity = {{convert|1200|L|U.S.gal impgal|abbr=on}} | vehicle_range = {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}}, {{convert|650 to 700|km|mi|abbr=on}} with fuel drums | speed = {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<br/> {{convert|4|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (reverse) }} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} 1asyn43ehetcx0hvawmuo6kvsou0xc9