ویکی‌پدیا azbwiki https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter مدیا اؤزل دانیشیق ایشلدن ایشلدن دانیشیغی ویکی‌پدیا ویکی‌پدیا دانیشیغی فایل فایل دانیشیغی مدیاویکی مدیاویکی دانیشیغی شابلون شابلون دانیشیغی کؤمک کؤمک دانیشیغی بؤلمه بؤلمه دانیشیغی پوْرتال پوْرتال دانیشیغی TimedText TimedText talk ماژول ماژول دانیشیغی Event Event talk 0 1367 1590684 1571320 2026-07-15T08:53:16Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = اوسترالیا بیرلیگی |common_name = اوسترالیا |image_flag = Flag of Australia (converted).svg |alt_flag = |image_coat = Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg |alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms--> |national_anthem = "[[Advance Australia Fair]]" |image_map = Australia_with_AAT_(orthographic_projection).svg |map_width = 220px |alt_map = <!--alt text for map--> |capital = [[کانبرا]] |coordinates = {{Coord|35|18|29|S|149|07|28|E|type:city_region:AU}} |largest_city = [[سیدنی]] |languages_type = [[میلی دیل]] |languages = [[اوسترالیا اینگیلیسی‌سی|اینگیلیسجه]] |demonym = {{Hlist|[[اوسترالیالیلار|اوسترالیالی]] <br />[[آزی]] (دانیشیق)<ref>See entry in the [[Macquarie Dictionary]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |year=2009 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |location=Bishopbriggs, Glasgow |isbn=978-0-00-786171-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/collinsenglishdi0000unkn/page/n27 18] }}</ref><!--end hlist:-->}} |government_type = [[فدرالیسم|فدرال]] [[پارلمان سیستمی|پارلمان]] [[مشروطیت]] |leader_title1 = [[اوسترالیا کیرالیقی|کیرالیق]] |leader_name1 = [[ایکینجی الیزابت]] |leader_title2 = {{Nowrap|[[اوسترالیانین کول فرمانداری|کول فرماندار]]}} |leader_name2 = [[پیتر کاز قرو]] |leader_title3 = [[اوسترالیانین باش وزیری|باش وزیر]] |leader_name3 = [[مالکوم ترنبول]] |leader_title4 = [[اوسترالیانین باش وزیرینین موعاوینی|باش وزیرینین موعاوینی]] |leader_name4 = [[مایکل مک کورمک]] |leader_title5 = [[اوسترالیانین باش عدلیه‌سی|باش عدلیه]] |leader_name5 = [[سوزان کیلف]] |leader_title6 = [[اوسترالیانین سنا مجلیسینین رئیسی|سنا مجلیسینین رئیسی]] |leader_name6 = [[اسکات رایان]] |leader_title7 = [[اوسترالیانین نوماینده‌لر مجلیسینین دانیشانی|مجلیسینین دانیشانی]] |leader_name7 =[[تونی اسمیت]] |legislature = [[اوسترالیانین پارلیمانی|پالیمان]] |upper_house = [[اوسترالیانین سناسی|سنا]] |lower_house = [[اوسترالیانین نوماینده‌لر مجلیسی|مجلیس]] |sovereignty_type = موستقیللیکی |sovereignty_note = [[بویوک بریتانیا و ایرلند بیرلشیک کراللیغی]] دان |established_event1 = [[اوسترالیا فدراسیونی|فدراسیون]]، [[اوسترالیانین اساس قانونی|اساس‌قانون]] |established_date1 = ۱ ژانویه ۱۹۰۱ |area_km2 = 7692024 |area_rank = ۶ اینجی |percent_water = 0.76 |population_estimate = {{Data Australia|poptoday|formatnum}}<ref name="popclock">{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument|title=Population clock|work=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] website|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|accessdate=7 March 2018}} The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.</ref> |population_census = 23,401,892<ref>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=036|name=Australia|accessdate=27 June 2017|quick=on}}</ref> |population_estimate_year = {{CURRENTYEAR}} |population_estimate_rank = 51st |population_census_year = 2016 |population_density_km2 = {{#expr:{{Data Australia|poptoday}} / 7692024 round 1}} |population_density_rank = 236th |GDP_PPP = {{Nowrap|US$1.24 trillion<ref name=IMF>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=11&sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=193&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Australia |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=October 2016 |accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_year = ۲۰۱۷ |GDP_PPP_rank = ۱۹ اینجی |GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[آمریکا دولاری|$]]۴۹٬۸۸۲<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ۱۷ اینجی |GDP_nominal = {{Nowrap|[[آمریکا دولاری|$]]۱٫۳۹ تریلیون<ref name=IMF/>}} |GDP_nominal_year = ۲۰۱۷ |GDP_nominal_rank = ۱۳ اینجی |GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[آمریکا دولاری|$]]۵۶٬۱۳۵<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ۱۰ اینجی |Gini = 33.6<!--number only--> |Gini_year = ۲۰۱۲ |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=OECD Economic Surveys: Norway 2012|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-norway-2012/gini-coefficients-before-and-after-taxes-and-transfers_eco_surveys-nor-2012-graph1-en#page1|accessdate=2015-05-22|archivedate=2014-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812150611/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-norway-2012/gini-coefficients-before-and-after-taxes-and-transfers_eco_surveys-nor-2012-graph1-en#page1}}</ref> |Gini_rank = ۱۹ اینجی |HDI = 0.939<!--number only--> |HDI_year = ۲۰۱۵<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 2nd |currency = [[اوسترالیا دولاری]] |currency_code = AUD |time_zone = [[اوسترالیادا زامان|موختلیف]] |utc_offset = +8 to +10.5 |utc_offset_DST = +8 to +11.5 |time_zone_DST = [[اوسترالیادا زامان|موختلیف]] |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Australia|سول]] |calling_code = [[+۶۱]] |cctld = [[.au]] }} [[File:Australia in 1794 Samuel Dunn Map of the World in Hemispheres.JPG|300px|thumbnail|left|اوسترالیا اؤلکه‌سی ساموئل دان‌ین نقشه‌سینده ۱۷۹۴-جوایل]] '''اوسترالیا بیرلیگی''' (اینگیلیسجه: Commonwealth of Australia) [[جنوبی یاریم‌کوره]]‌ده بؤیوک بیر اؤلکه. گئنیشلیک ساریدان دونیانین آلتینجی<ref>{{وب ایستینادی |وب آدرسی= http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/bigcountries.htm |باشلیق= Biggest Countries |مۆلّیف = By Matt Rosenberg, About.com Guide |تاریخ= Updated November ۰۹, ۲۰۱۲ |امک= |ناشیر= About.com |یوخلاما تاریخی= ۲۰۱۳-۰۱-۱۷ |دیل= اینگیلیسجه}}</ref> اؤلکه‌سیدیر. [[کانبرا]] شهری بۇ اؤلکه‌نین باشکندی‌دیر و [[ملبورن]] ایله [[سیدنی]] بۇ اؤلکه‌نین آیری بؤیوک شهرلری ساییلیرلار. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery "mode=traditional" "class=cente""> File:Flag of Australia.svg File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg File:U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg Image:LocationAU.svg Image:As-map.png Image:Australia satellite plane.jpg Image:Satellite view of the Timor Sea.jpg Image:Australia Boomerang Distribution.PNG Image:2_digit_postcode_australia.png File:Kelsey Creek-Dittmer Mountains.jpg File:Mt hotham summer scenery02 edit.jpg Image:Australian bush02.jpg Image:Australian bush.jpg Image:Xanthorrhoea bushfire.JPG Image:Termite mounds NT.JPG Image:Goomoolahra.jpg Image:Kings-Canyon.JPG File:Koala climbing tree.jpg File:Eastern grey kangaroo dec07 02.jpg File:Emu Side.JPG File:Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle.jpg File:Tasdevil large.jpg File:Culdle Moutain Wombat.JPG File:Perentie Lizard Perth Zoo SMC Spet 2005.jpg File:Spotted Tail Quoll 2011.jpg File:Dugong.jpg File:SaltwaterCrocodile('Maximo').jpg File:Common clownfish.jpg File:White shark.jpg File:Uluru, helicopter view, croped.jpg File:Sydney Opera House Night.jpg File:Sydney harbour bridge new south wales.jpg File:GreatBarrierReef-EO.JPG File:The Twelve Apostles 2011.jpg </gallery> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_تاساری‌لار_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Australia | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{اینگیلیس میللت‌لر بیرلیگی}} {{آسیا اؤلکه‌لری}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:اوسترالیا]] [[بؤلمه:اوقیانوسیه اؤلکه‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیس دیللی اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیسی‌جه دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:جی ۲۰ اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش میلت‌لر اؤیه‌سی اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:استرالیا]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیسجه دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر و اراضی‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations]] 2e6s99kyplkghlo2qenxsgwitvd0a2u 0 1551 1590652 1587952 2026-07-15T07:43:34Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 6 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = ایستانبول | native_name = ''İstanbul'' | native_name_lang = tr | settlement_type = [[بویوک شهر]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = View of Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire.jpg | alt1 = Levent at night | image2 = Hagia Sophia (228968325).jpeg | alt2 = Hagia Sophia | image3 = Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden's_Tower.jpg | alt3 = Maiden's Tower | image4 = Die Festung Rumeli Hisarı.jpg | alt4 = Ortaköy Mosque | image5 = Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque, (old name P1020390.jpg).jpg | alt5 = Basilica Cistern | image6 = Istanbul asv2020-02 img47 Galata Tower.jpg | alt6 = Galata Tower | image7 = Dolmabahçe_Palace,_Istanbul_cropped.jpg | alt7 = Dolmabahçe Palace | image8 = Bosphorus Bridge (235499411).jpeg | alt8 = Bosphorus Bridge }} | imagesize = 270 | image_alt = See caption | image_caption = سؽرا ایله اوستدن: [[لونت، بشیکتاش|لونت]] ایش مرکزی؛ [[آیاصوفیا]]؛ [[قیز بورجو (ایستانبول)|قیز بورجو]]؛ [[روم‌ائلی حیصاری]]؛ [[سولطان احمد مسجیدی]]؛ [[قالاتا بورجو]]؛ [[دولماباغچا سارایی]] و [[ایستانبول بوغازی]] اۆزه‌رینده [[۱۵ جولای شهیدلر کؤرپوسو]]. | image_blank_emblem = İBB Amblem.png | blank_emblem_type = ایستانبول بؤیوک‌شهر بلدیه‌سی سیمگه‌سی | blank_emblem_size = 110px | mapsize = 230px | pushpin_map = Turkey#Europe#Asia | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = تورکیه‌ده یئری## آوروپادا یئری## آسیادا یئری | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{Coord|41|00|49|N|28|57|18|E}} | subdivision_type = اؤلکه | subdivision_name = [[تورکیه]] | subdivision_type1 = [[تورکیه جومهوریتی‌نين جوغرافی بؤلگه‌لری|بؤلگه]] | subdivision_name1 = [[مرمره بؤلگه‌سی]] | subdivision_type2 = [[تورکیه اوستانلاری|ایل]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ایستانبول اوستانی|ایستانبول]] | seat_type = | seat = | parts_type = | Party = | leader_party = | government_type = [[بلدیه باشچی‌سی-مجلیس ایداره‌سی]] | governing_body = [[ایستانبول بؤیوک‌شهر بلدیه مجلیسی]]<br>[[عدالت و اینکیشاف حیزبی|عدالت و اینکیشاف]] (۱۷۶)<br>[[جومهوریت خالق حیزبی|جومهوریت خالق]] (۱۱۹)<br>[[اییی حیزبی|اییی]] (۱۲)<br>[[میلیتچی حرکت حیزبی|میلیتچی حرکت]] (۴) | leader_title = [[بلدیه باشچی‌سی]] | leader_name = [[نوری آسلان]] (وکیل) | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibb.istanbul/SitePage/Index/82|publisher=Istanbul Buyuksehir Belediyesi|title=YETKİ ALANI|access-date=4 February 2020|accessdate=2021-09-08|archivedate=2020-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406112545/https://www.ibb.istanbul/SitePage/Index/82}}</ref><ref>İstanbul Province = 5,460.85&nbsp;km²<br/>Land area = 5,343.22&nbsp;km²<br/>Lake/Dam = 117.63&nbsp;km²<br/>Europe (25 districts) = 3,474.35&nbsp;km²<br/>Asia (14 districts) = 1,868.87&nbsp;km²<br/>Urban (36 districts) = 2,576.85&nbsp;km² [Metro (39 districts) – (Çatalca+Silivri+Şile)]</ref> | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = 2,576.85 | area_metro_km2 = 5,343.22 | elevation_max_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=İstanbul'un En Yüksek Tepeleri |url=https://www.kartal24.com/104583-istanbulun-en-yuksek-tepesi-neresidir |website=Hava Forumu |date=15 April 2020 |publisher=Hava Durumu Forumu}}</ref> | elevation_max_m = 537 | population_total = 16,214,000 | population_urban = 15,514,128 | population_as_of = ۲۰۲۲ | population_footnotes = <ref name="Population of Turkey">{{cite web|url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayal%C4%B1-N%C3%BCfus-Kay%C4%B1t-Sistemi-Sonu%C3%A7lar%C4%B1-2020-37210&dil=1|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2020|date=31 December 2020|access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> <!-- do not add update figure as that stat is only published once a year due to legal reasons --> | population_density_urban_km2 = 5,879 | population_density_metro_km2 = 2,894 | population_rank = [[تورکیه شهرلرینین سیاهه‌سی|۱]] | population_demonym = ایستانبوللو<br />({{Lang-tr|italic=no|İstanbullu}}) | timezone1 = [[یوتی‌سی ۳:۰۰+]] | postal_code_type = پوْست کوْدو | postal_code = ۳۴٫۰۰۰ – ۳۴٫۹۹۰ | area_code = +۹۰ ۲۱۲ <small>(آوروپا بؤلومو)</small> <br />+۹۰ ۲۱۶ <small>(آسیا بؤلومو)</small> | registration_plate = ۳۴ | blank_name_sec2 = [[اینترنت اوست سویه آلان آدلاری لیستی|اینترنت آلان آدی]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[.tr]]<br>[[.istanbul]] یا [[.ist]] | website = {{URL|http://ibb.istanbul/}} <br /> {{URL|www.istanbul.gov.tr/}} | blank_name = GDP (Nominal) | blank_info = ۲۰۱۹<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cip.tuik.gov.tr/?il=34#|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=Kişi başına GSYH ($) (2019)|access-date=30 January 2021}}</ref> | blank1_name = جمعی | blank1_info = ۲۳۷ میلیارد [[آمریکا دولاری|دولار]] | blank2_name = | blank2_info = | blank3_name = [[اینسان اینکیشافی ایندکسی|HDI]] (۲۰۱۹) | blank3_info = ۰٫۸۴۶<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org}}</ref> (<span style="color:#090;">چوْخ یوخاری</span>) | module = {{Infobox designation list |embed = yes |designation1 = World Heritage Site |designation1_offname = [[ایستانبولون تاریخی منطقه‌لری]] |designation1_type = کۆلتۆرل |designation1_criteria = i, ii, iii, vi |designation1_date = ۱۹۸۵ |designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ 356bis] }} }} '''ایستانبول''' ({{آنادولو تورکجه‌سی‌جه|İstanbul}}) قدیم آدی ایله '''[[قوسطنطنیه]]'''، [[تورکیه]]‌نین ان بؤیوک و ان جمعیتلی شهری دیر. آیریجا ایستانبول، تورکیه‌نین [[تورکیه اوستانلاری|۸۱]] اوستانیندان (ایلیندن) بیری اوْلان [[ایستانبول اوستانی]]‌نین مرکزی دیر. دنیز بندری اوْلان بۇ شهر، اؤلکه‌نین صنایع، تیجارت، مدنیت و توریسم مرکزی دیر. ایستانبول، [[روم ایمپیراتورلوغو|روم]]، [[بیزانس ایمپیراتورلوغو|بیزانس]] و [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو|عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغلارینا]] باشکندلیک یاپمیش دیر. شهرین ایچیندن کئچن [[ایستانبول بوغازی]]، [[آسیا]] و [[آوروپا]] قاره‌لری‌نی بیربیریندن آیریر و ایستانبول ایکی قاره‌نی باغلایان نوقطه روْلونو اوْیناییر. ایستانبول شهری یاخلاشیق ۱۶٫۰۰۰٫۰۰۰ نوفوسو ایله [[آوروپا]]نین ان بؤیوک و جمعیتلی شهری‌دیر. == اتیموْلوْژی و آدی == موْدرن تۆرکجه‌ده شهر اۆچۆن ان یایقین ایستیفاده اوْلونان آد شهرین رسمی آدی اوْلان '''ایستانبول''' آدی‌دیر شهر آیریجا خالق آراسیندا بعضاً '''ایستامبول''' اوْلاراق دا سؤیله‌نیر.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.taraf.com.tr/sevan-nisanyan/makale-istanbul.htm | title = Kelimebaz: İstanbul | access-date = 30 June 2010 | publisher = [[Sevan Nişanyan]] | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5qrM5s9sq?url=http://www.taraf.com.tr/sevan-nisanyan/makale-istanbul.htm | archive-date = 29 June 2010 | accessdate = 2023-02-05 | archivedate = 2010-06-19 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100619043716/http://www.taraf.com.tr/sevan-nisanyan/makale-istanbul.htm }}()</ref> تاریخی اوْلاراق شهر م.ق ۶۶۷ تاریخینده بیر قدیم خالق اوْلان [[مقارا]] خالقی طرفیندن '''بیزانتیوم''' آدی ایله اینشا ائدیلدی. سوْنرالار [[روم ایمپیراتورلوغو]] ایمپیراتورو [[بیرینجی کونستانتین]] ۳۳۰ تاریخینده ایمپیراتورلوغون باشکندین [[روما]] دان بۇرایا داشیمیشدیر و شهر اوْنون شرفینه '''کوْنستانتینوپول''' یوْخسا '''کوْنستانتینوپولیس''' <small>(یونانجا: Κωνσταντινούπολις)</small> اوْلاراق دییشیلمیش دیر؛ آیریجا ''کوْنستانتینوپول'' شهری، موسلمانلار طرفیندن '''قسطنطنیه''' اوْلاراق سؤیله‌نیردی. شهر ۱۴۵۳ تاریخینده [[فاتیح سولطان محمد]] طرفیندن فتح ائدیلدیکدن سوْنرا اوْنا '''ایسلامبول''' آدی وئریلدی کی سوْنرالار آد ایستانبولا چئوریلدی و حالا '''ایستانبول''' اوْلاراق سؤیله‌نیر.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grosvenor |first1=Edwin Augustus |title=Constantinople |date=1895 |publisher=Roberts Brothers |volume=1 |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IGoLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 |access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref>{{sfn|Keyder|1999|p=95}} == تاریخی == {{اساس|ایستانبول تاریخی}} === عومومی تاریخی === ایستانبول، [[یئنی‌قاپی|یئنی‌قاپیدا]] آپاریلان قازینتیلار زامانی تاپیلان لیمانا اویغون اولاراق ۸٬۵۰۰ ایللیک مسکونلاشما تاریخی اولان، شهرسالما تاریخی تخمیناً ۳٬۰۰۰ ایللیک، پایتخت اولماق تاریخی ایسه ۱٬۶۰۰ ایللیک پایتخت اولان، [[اوروپا]] و [[آسیا]] قاره‌لری‌نین کسیشمه‌سینده یئرلشن دونیا شهری‌دیر.<ref>3sat HD, Ein Film von Albrecht Knechtel & Tuğrul Artunkal, Kamera Frank-Peter Lehmann, Produktion Albert Knechtel/Rilana Film im Auftrag des 2DF in Zusammenarbeit mit arte, 2010</ref> == اهالیسی == ایستانبول تورکیه‌نین ان بؤیوک شهری دی. {{تورکیه‌نین ان بؤیوک شهرلری}} ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{Refbegin|27em}} * {{cite book|last=ʻAner|first=Nadav|year=2005|editor-last=Pergola|editor-first=Sergio Della|editor2-last=Gilboa|editor2-first=Amos|editor3-last=Ṭal|editor3-first=Rami|title=The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Planning Assessment, 2004–2005: The Jewish People Between Thriving and Decline|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishpeoplepoli0000unse|publisher=Gefen Publishing House 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Jahrhundert" |year=2005|publisher=Oldenbourg|location=Munich|language=de|isbn=978-3-486-57713-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Shaw|first1=Stanford J.|last2=Shaw|first2=Ezel K.|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey|volume=2|year=1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-29166-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan}} * {{cite book|last1=Tarasov|first1=Oleg|last2=Milner-Gulland|first2=R.R.|title=Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia|url=https://archive.org/details/icondevotionsacr0000tara|location=London|publisher=Reaktion|year=2004|isbn=978-1-86189-118-1}} * {{cite book|last=Taşan-Kok|first=Tuna|title=Budapest, Istanbul, and Warsaw: Institutional and Spatial Change|publisher=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.|location=Delft, the Neth.|year=2004|isbn=978-90-5972-041-1}} * {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jane|title=Imperial Istanbul: A Traveller's Guide: Includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialistanbul0000tayl|publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|location=New York|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84511-334-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Tigrek|first1=Sahnaz|last2=Kibaroğlu|first2=Ayșegül|year=2011|editor-last=Kibaroğlu|editor-first=Ayșegül|editor2-last=Scheumann|editor2-first=Waltina|editor3-last=Kramer|editor3-first=Annika|title=Turkey's Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation|chapter=Strategic Role of Water Resources for Turkey|publisher=Springer|location=London & New York|isbn=978-3-642-19635-5}} * {{cite book|editor=Time Out Guides|title=Time Out Istanbul|url=https://archive.org/details/timeoutistanbul0000unse|publisher=Time Out Guides|location=London|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84670-115-3|ref={{SfnRef|Time Out Guides|2010}} }} * {{cite book|last=Turan|first=Neyran|editor1-last=Sorensen|editor1-first=André|editor2-last=Okata|editor2-first=Junichiro|title=Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability|url=https://archive.org/details/megacitiesurbanf00sore|url-access=limited|series=Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration|publisher=Springer|location=London & New York|year=2010|pages=[https://archive.org/details/megacitiesurbanf00sore/page/n236 223]–42|chapter=Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul|isbn=978-4-431-99266-0}} * {{cite book|author1=WCTR Society |author2=Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō |title=Urban Transport and the Environment: An International Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/urbantransporten0000unse_l6o6 |year=2004|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-08-044512-0|ref={{SfnRef|WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō|2004}}}} * {{cite book|last=Wedel|first=Heidi|year=2000|editor1-last=Ibrahim|editor1-first=Ferhad|editor2-last=Gürbey|editor2-first=Gülistan|title=The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-8258-4744-9|pages=181–93}} * {{cite book|last=Wynn|first=Martin|title=Planning and Urban Growth in Southern Europe|series=Studies in History, Planning, and the Environment|publisher=Mansell|location=Los Altos, CA|year=1984|isbn=978-0-7201-1608-3}} {{Refend}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== <!--========================{{No more links}}============================ |PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | |is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | |Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | |See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | |If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | |replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | |to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | |and link back to that category using the {{Curlie}} template. | ==={{No more links}}=========--> {{Sister project links|Istanbul|voy=Istanbul}} * [http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Home.aspx Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality] * [http://en.istanbul.gov.tr/ Website of the Istanbul Governorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217232114/http://en.istanbul.gov.tr/ |date=2023-12-17 }} * [http://sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/Map.aspx?&scl=6&cx=88707&cy=96189&ap=uydu&lng=en Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013] *[http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/turkey/istanbul/istanbul.html Old maps of Istanbul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018220434/http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/turkey/istanbul/istanbul.html |date=2021-10-18 }} – Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The [[National Library of Israel]] – [http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/historic_cities.html Historic Cities Research Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325051637/http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/historic_cities.html |date=2022-03-25 }} {{Istanbul}} {{Navboxes | list= {{تورکیه ناحیه‌لری| provname = ایستانبول}} {{Mayors of İstanbul}} {{World Heritage Sites in Turkey}} {{Turkey topics}} {{اوروپانین فرهنگی پایتختلری}} {{European Capital of Sport}} {{Eurovision Song Contest}} {{ABU TV Song Festival}} {{دونیانین اللی ان بویوک و چوخ آداملی شهری}} {{Metropolitan centers in Turkey}} {{تورکیه‌نین ان بویوک شهرلری}} {{Megacities}} }} {{Portal bar|تورکیه|اوروپا|آسیا}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:ایستانبول| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]] [[Category:Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region]] [[Category:Capitals of caliphates]] [[Category:Capitals of former nations]] [[Category:Constantinople]] [[بؤلمه:موقدس شهرلر]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Turkey]] [[بؤلمه:ایپک یولو بویوجا یاشاییش یئرلری]] [[Category:Port cities and towns in Turkey]] [[Category:Roman sites in Turkey]] [[Category:Transcontinental cities]] 3395fqkyvpxfhd2084xsgpjsjwf6qio 0 1898 1590702 1587895 2026-07-15T09:25:21Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German state |Name=برلین |German_name= |image_photo={{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Berlin Skyline Fernsehturm 02.jpg | photo2a = Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg | photo2b = Brandenburger_Tor_Nachts.JPG | photo3a = East Side Gallery - Thierry Noir - 2011.jpg | photo3b = 3806 Berlin.JPG | photo4a = Reichstag_Berlin_Germany.jpg | size = 280 | spacing = 2 | color = | border = 0 | foot_montage = {{Nowrap|From top: Skyline including the [[Fernsehturm Berlin|TV Tower]],}}<br />[[City West]] skyline with [[Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church]], [[Brandenburg Gate]],<br /> [[East Side Gallery]] ([[Berlin Wall]]),<br />[[Oberbaum Bridge]] over the [[شپری چایی]],<br />[[Reichstag building]] ([[Bundestag]]) }} |state_coa=DEU Berlin COA.svg |coa_size=70 |map=Deutschland Lage Berlins.svg |coordinates={{Coord|52|31|00|N|13|23|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |flag=Flag_of_Berlin.svg |area=891.7 |area_source= |population=3711930 |pop_ref=<ref name="Population11">{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2018/18-02-22a.pdf |title=Berlin 2017 – erneut Einwohnerzuwachs |trans-title=Berlin 2017 – again population growth |publisher=[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |date=22 February 2018 |accessdate=22 February 2018|language=German}}</ref> |pop_date=2017 |pop_metro=6004857 |elevation=34 |population_demonym=Berliner (m), Berlinerin (f) |GDP=137 |GDP_year=2017 |GDP_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik-bw.de/VGRdL/tbls/tab.jsp?rev=RV2014&tbl=tab01&lang=de-DE#tab01 |title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2017 (WZ 2008) |trans-title=Gross domestic product – in current prices – 1991 till 2017 (WZ 2008) |publisher=[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |date=February 2018 |accessdate=10 November 2018 |language=German |archivedate=2018-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613183919/https://www.statistik-bw.de/VGRdL/tbls/tab.jsp?rev=RV2014&tbl=tab01&lang=de-DE#tab01 }}</ref> |GDP_per_capita=38,000(~[[آمریکا دولاری]]43,100) |GDP_per_capita_year=۲۰۱۷ |GDP_percent= |Website=[https://www.berlin.de/en/ berlin.de] |governing_body=[[Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin]] |leader_title=[[Governing Mayor of Berlin|Governing Mayor]] |leader=[[Michael Müller (politician)|Michael Müller]] |leader_party=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |ruling_party1=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |ruling_party2=[[The Left (Germany)|Left]] |ruling_party3=[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Greens]] |votes=4 |NUTS=DE3 |Vorwahl=030 |Kfz=B<small></small><ref>Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Vehicles were registered under the following prefixes: "I A" (1906&nbsp;– April 1945; devalidated on 11 August 1945); no prefix, only digits (from July to August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–46, for cars, lorries and busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–46, for cars, lorries and busses), "БM" (=BM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "ГM" (=GM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: [[Allied Kommandatura|Kommandatura]] of Berlin; for all of Berlin 1947–48, continued for [[West Berlin]] until 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for [[East Berlin]] 1948–53), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–90), "B" (for West Berlin from 1 July 1956, continued for all of Berlin since 1990).</ref> |iso region=DE-BE |date=April 2017}} '''برلین''' {{اینگیلیسجه|Berlin}} [[آلمان]]دا یئر آلان بیر ایالت و شهر دیر. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلین نۆفوس ساییمی سوْنوچ لارینا گؤره نۆفوسو ۳۴۶۹۰۰۰ و ۸۹۲ کیلومتر موربع ساحه‌سی وار. [[آلمان|آلمانین]] ۱۶ ایالتی آراسیندا ساحه‌یه گؤره ۱۴ -جی، اهالییه گؤره ۸ -جی ان بؤیوک ایالت دیر. [[اهالی سیخلیغی]] ۳۸۹۰ نفر کیلومتر موربّعه ده دیر. .<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf |title=Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany |author=[[Christian Tomuschat]], [[David P. Currie]] |publisher=[[Deutscher Bundestag|Deutscher Bundestag Public Relations Division]] |date=April 2010 |accessdate=15 October 2010}}</ref> '''برلین''' [[آلمان|آلمانین]] باشکندی و ان بؤیوک شهریدیر. شهرین شومالینداندان جنوبونا دوغرو اوْلان مسافه ۳۸ کم-، شرقیندن غربینه قدر اوْلان مسافه ایسه ۴۵ کم-ه برابردیر. اؤز تاریخی دؤورونده برلین بیر نئچه دفعه آلمان دؤولتلرینین (براندنبورگ کورفورستلوگو، [[پروس]] کراللیغی، [[آلمان ایمیپراتورلوغو]]، وایمار رسپوبلیکاسی، اوچونجو رایش) باشکندی اوْلموشدور. ۱۹۹۰-جو ایل‌دن، آلمانین بیرلشمه‌سیندن سوْنرا برلین یئنه ده [[باشکند]] سئچیلمیشدیر. == عۆمومی معلومات == برلین آوروپادا ان مؤهوم سیاست، مدیا، مدنیت و علم مرکزی‌دیر. متروپول آوروپادا ان مؤهوم نقلیات دۆیومو ساییلیر و قیطه نین ان چوْخ توریست گلن شهردیر. بۇرادا یئرلَشن عالی مکتبلر، علمی ایداره‌لر، تئاتر و موزه ییلر بینلخالق عالم‌ده تانینمیش‌دیلار. بۆتون دۆنیادان اینجه صنعت و مدنیت ساحه‌سی ایله مشغول اوْلانلار اۆچون برلین چوْخ جازیبداردیر. برلینین تاریخی، گئجه حیاتی و چوخسای‌لی آرخیتکتور تیکی‌لیلری هر یان‌دا مشهوردور. تخمیناً ۱۲۰۰-جو ایلدن ایندیکی برلینین اراضیسینده کؤلن و برلین آدلانان ایکی تیجارت مرکزی مؤوجود ایدی. اوْنلارین شهر ایستستوسو آلمالارینین دقیق تاریخی معلوم دئییل. کؤلنون شهر اوْلماسی ایلک دفعه ۱۲۳۷-جی ایلده، برلینینکی ایسه ۱۲۴۴-جو ایلده قئید ائدیلمیشدیر. ۱۳۰۷-جی ایلده هر ایکی شهر بیرلشیر و عۆمومی شهر ایداره‌سینی تشکیل ائدیر. ۱۴۰۰-جو ایلده بیرلشمیش برلینین اهالی‌سی ۸۰۰۰ نفر ایدی. برلین [[پروس]]یانین باشکندی ایدی و آلمان ایمپراتورلوغونون یارانماسیندان سوْنرا دا اوْنون باشکندی اوْلور. ایکینجی دۆنیا ساواش‌سیندن سوْنرا یالتا کوفران‌سینین قرارینا اساساً برلینین شوروی-نین ضبط ائتدیی اراضی‌ده یئرله‌شمه‌سینه باخمایاراق دؤرد غالیب اؤلکه آراسیندا دؤرد قیسمته بؤلون‌دو. سوْنرالار اۆچ قیسمت بیرلشه‌رک غربی برلینی تشکیل ائده‌رک اوْنا اؤزل دؤولت دۇروم وئریلدی. غربی برلین واختی‌له آفر ایله سیخ علاقه‌ده اوْلموش‌دو. برلینین قیسمتلاری آراسیندا گدیش-گلیش ایلک واختلاردا سربست اوْلسا دا، سوْنرالار آلمان دموکراتیک جومهوریتی قراری ایله اهالی آخینینین قارشی‌سینی آلماق مقصدی‌له ۱۳ آگوست ۱۹۶۱-جی ایلده برلین دیواری تیکیل‌دی. [[سویوق ساواش|سوْیوق ساواش]]ین رمزی اوْلان برلین دیواری ۱۹۸۹-جو ایله قدر مؤوجود اوْلوب == ایمپریانین باشکندی == ۱۸۷۱-جی ایلده برلین یئنی یارائدیلمیش [[آلمان ایمپراتورلوغو]]نون باشکندی اوْلدو. [[بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی]] قورتاردیق‌دان سوْنرا ۱۹۱۸-جی ایلده برلینده آلمان (ویمار) جومهوریتی یارادیلدی. ۱۹۲۰-جی ایلده اطراف‌داکی شهرلری اؤزون‌ده جملشدیرن بؤیوک برلینین یارادیلماسی حاقیندا قرار قبول ائدیل‌دی. بۇندان سوْنرا برلینین اهالیسینین سایی ۴ میلیونا چاتدی. ۱۹۳۳-جو ایلده حاکمیّته «ناسیونال سوسیالیستلر» گلدیک‌دن سوْنرا برلین اۆچونجو ریخین باشکندینا چئوریلدی. ۱۹۳۶-جی ایلده برلینده بینلخالق اولمپیک‌دا اوْیونلاری کچیریل‌دی. ایشپرین رهبرلییی آلتیندا «مینیی‌لیک ریخین» باشکندی برلینین یئنی‌دن قۇرولماسی پلانی ایشلندی. آنجاق بۇ پلان [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی|ایکینجی دۆنیا ساواشی]] نتیجه‌سینده دارماداغین ائدیل‌دی. == برلینین پارچالانماسی و بیرلشمه‌سی == ایکینجی دۆنیا ساواشی و اوْندان سوْنرا برلینین بؤیوک حیصّه سی بومباردمانلار و کوچه دؤیوشلری نتیجه‌سینده داغیدیلمیش‌دی. شهرین قیرمیزی اوْردو طرفیندن تۇتولماسیندان سوْنرا و آلمانین شرط‌سیز تسلیمین‌دن سوْنرا بۆتون آلمان کیمی بئرلینده اؤنجه ۴ حیصّه یه بؤلونه‌رک خاریجی دؤولتلرین ایداره‌سینه وئریلدی. غرب موتتفیقلری‌نین ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]]، [[فرانسه]] و [[اینگیلیس]]) اراضیلرینده سوْنرا غربی برلین تشکیل اوْلون‌دو. سووت حیصّه سینده ایسه شرقی برلین فعالیّت گؤسترمه‌یه باشلادی. غرب دؤولتلری و سووت اؤلکه‌سی آراسیندا یارانان قارشیدورما اوْنا گتیریب چیخارتمیش‌دی کی، ۱۹۴۸–۱۹۴۹-جو ایللرده غربی برلینین بلوکاداسی باش وئردی. بۇنون اۆچون غرب دؤولتلری طرفیندن برلینه «هاوا کؤرپوسو» تشکیل اوْلون‌دو. بۇ قارشیدورما عئینی زاماندا ایشغال اوْلونموش اراضیلرده ۱۹۴۹-جو ایلده ایکی دؤولتین یارانماسینا سبب اوْلدو: اوّلجه آفر سوْنرا آدر غرب و شرق آراسیندا گۆج‌له‌نن کونفلیکت ۱۹۶۱-جی ایلده یۆکسک حده چاتیر و بۇ شهری ایکی حیصّه سه آییران برلین دیوارینین تیکیلمه‌سی ایله نتیجه لندی. وطنداشلارین بیر اراضی‌دن دیگرینه کئچید اؤزل بوراخیلیش ورقه‌لری‌نین کمکی ایله آپاریلیردی. برلین دیواری یالنیز ۱۹۸۹-جو ایلده آدر اهالیسینین تضییقی نتیجه‌سینده اۇچورول‌دو، بۇ شوروی-نین ضعیفلمه‌سی فونون‌دا باش وئریردی. ۳ اۇکتوبر ۱۹۹۰-جی ایلده آدر آفر-ین اساس قانونلارینین فعالیّت گؤستردیی زونایا داخیل اوْلدو. آلمان بۇندان سوْنرا واحید دؤولت اوْلور. ۱۹۹۱-جی ایلده بوندستاق برلینین باشکند اوْلماسی حاقیندا قرار قبول ائتدی. ۱ سپتامبر ۱۹۹۸-جی ایلده حؤکومت و مجلیس برلینه کؤچور. == قالری == <gallery > فایل:Berlin Brandenburger Tor BW 1.jpg فایل:AlteNationalgalerie 1a.jpg فایل:Berlin Dom 2005.jpg فایل:Berlin night.jpg فایل:Neue nationalgalerie treppen.jpg فایل:Brandenburger Tor Nachts.JPG فایل:Berlin potsdamer platz db haus atnight.jpg فایل:Berlin Reichstag 01.jpg فایل:Kanzler21a.jpg فایل:Be ItalianEmbassy 01.JPG فایل:Berlin, Mitte, Wilhelmstraße, Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus.jpg Siegessaeule Aussicht 10-13 img4 Tiergarten.jpg </gallery> ==نوتلار== {{قایناق|30em}} ==قایناقلار== * {{cite book|last=Chandler|first=Tertius|title=Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census|url=https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan|publisher=Edwin Mellen Pr|year=1987|isbn=978-0-88946-207-6}} * {{cite book|last=Gill|first=Anton|title=A Dance Between Flames: Berlin Between the Wars|publisher=John Murray|year=1993|isbn=978-0-7195-4986-1}} * {{cite book|last=Gross|first=Leonard|title=The Last Jews in Berlin|url=https://archive.org/details/lastjewsinberlin0000gros|publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7867-0687-7}} * {{cite book|last=Large|first=David Clay|title=Berlin|url=https://archive.org/details/berlin00larg_0|publisher=Basic Books|year=2001|isbn=978-0-465-02632-6}} * {{cite book|last=Read|first=Anthony|author2=David Fisher|title=Berlin Rising: Biography of a City|url=https://archive.org/details/berlinrisingbiog00read|publisher=W.W. Norton|year=1994|isbn=978-0-393-03606-0}} * {{cite book|last=Ribbe|first=Wolfgang|title=Geschichte Berlins|publisher=Bwv – Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag|year=2002|isbn=978-3-8305-0166-4}} * {{cite book|last=Roth|first=Joseph|title=What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920–33|publisher=Granta Books|year=2004|isbn=978-1-86207-636-5}} * {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Frederick|title=The Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961 – 9 November 1989|url=https://archive.org/details/berlinwall13augu0000tayl|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=2007|isbn=978-0-06-078614-4}} * {{cite book|last=Maclean|first=Rory|title=Berlin: Imagine a City|url=https://archive.org/details/berlinimaginecit0000macl|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2014|isbn=978-0-297-84803-5}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== {{Wikisource1911Enc|Berlin}} * [http://www.berlin.de/en/ Berlin.de] – Official website * {{OSM relation|62422}} <!--TEMPLATES--> {{آلمان شهرلری}} {{آلمان ایالتلری}} {{اوروپا باشکندلری}} {{مین مقاله}} {{Authority control}} <!--CATEGORIES--> [[بؤلمه:برلین]]<!--Leave the empty space as standard for catmain--> [[بؤلمه:آلمان]] [[بؤلمه:German state capitals]] [[بؤلمه:Capitals in Europe]] [[بؤلمه:City-states]] [[بؤلمه:Members of the Hanseatic League]] [[بؤلمه:Populated places established in the 13th century]] [[بؤلمه:1230s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]] [[بؤلمه:1237 establishments in Europe]] [[بؤلمه:University towns in Germany]] [[بؤلمه:UNESCO Creative Cities Network]] [[بؤلمه:Turkish communities outside Turkey]] j0eqfpul3x7p5y6nu7dalujw5o1p0u8 0 2224 1590650 1554330 2026-07-15T07:39:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|کئچمیشین اؤیرنیلمه‌سی}} [[File:Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_(cropped).jpg|thumb|غرب دۆنیاسیندا «تاریخین آتاسی» حساب ائدیلن [[هرودوت]]-ون مودلی ({{Circa|484|425}}&nbsp;م‌ق)]] '''تاریخ''' (قدیم یونانجا:''{{Wikt-lang|grc|ἱστορία}}'' ({{grc-transl|ἱστορία}}) سورغو؛ آراشدیرما نتیجه‌سینده اَلده ائدیلن بیلیک سؤزوندن گؤتورولموشدور)<ref name=JosephJanda>{{Cite book|editor1-last =Joseph |editor1-first =Brian|editor2-last =Janda |editor2-first =Richard| orig-year= 2004| title =The Handbook of Historical Linguistics|url =https://archive.org/details/handbookofhistor0000unse_a3u8 | publisher =Blackwell Publishing| page =[https://archive.org/details/handbookofhistor0000unse_a3u8/page/163 163]| isbn =978-1405127479| year =2008}}</ref> اینسان فعالیتینین سیستملی اؤیرنیلمه‌سی و سندلشدیریلمه‌سیدیر.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.siena.edu/pages/3289.asp | title=What is History & Why Study It? | access-date=21 January 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201183734/http://www.siena.edu/pages/3289.asp | archive-date=1 February 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> موختلیف خالقلارین ان قدیم زامانلاردان بیزیم دؤوروموزه‌دک نئجه یاشامالاری، اونلارین حیاتلاریندا هانسی حادیثه لرین باش وئرمه‌سی، اینسان جمعیتلرینین حیاتی نئجه و نییه دییشیب ایندی مؤوجود اولدوغو حالا دوشمه‌سینی اؤیرنن بیلیم دیر. ==تاريخ ندير، تاريخ سؤزونون منشايي== تاريخ ندير؟ سوالينا ايللرله، عصرلرله عالیم لر موختليف تعريفلر وئرميش، موختليف فيکيرلر سؤيله‌ميشلر. بۇ سوالين تاريخي [[تاريخ]] علمينين کئچميشي قدر قديمدير. قديمدن بری تاريخچيلر، موتفککيرلر بۇ سوال اطرافيندا دوشونوب مولاحيظه لر يوروتموش، مسله‌يه موختليف آچی لاردان ياناشاراق جاواب وئرمه‌يه چاليشميشديلار. بۇ سوالا "تاريخ کئچميشين علميدير" کيمي قيسا و دوغرو بير جاواب وئرمک مومکوندور. لاکين بۇ يئترلي تؤوصيف اولماياجاقدير. بۇ سببدن ده تاريخ علمينين ماهيتي حاقيندا بير نئچه کلمه سؤيله‌مک يئرينه دوشه‌جکدير. هر بير علمين تاريخي اولدوغو کيمي تاريخ علمينين ده تاريخي واردير. تاريخه داير ايلک يازيلي اثرلر قديم يونانيستاندا مئيدانا چيخميشدير. "ئپوس" آدي وئريلن بۇ اثرلر "لوقوقرافلار" طرفيندن قلمه آلينيردي. بۇ قبيلدن اولان تاريخي اثرلر حئکايه‌چي، روايتچي خاراکتئرلي اثرلر ايدي. داها سوْنرا اؤيره‌ديجي، عملی کاراکتئرلي تاريخي اثرلر مئيدانا چيخماغا باشلاميشدي کي، بۇ جور اثرلرين قلمه آلينماسيندا مقصد کئچميشده باش وئرميش حاديثه لردن درس آلماق، اوخويوجويا اخلاقي و معنوي دويغولار آشيلايا بيلمک ايدي. XIX عصره گلينديگينده تاريخ علمي ساحه سينده جيدي ايره‌ليلگيش باش وئرميشدي. تاريخي حاديثه لرين ساده نقلي و عملی خوصوصيتلري ايله ياناشي مئيدانا گلمه سببلري، بۇ سببلره تاثير ائتميش موختليف عاميللر، حاديثه لرين سبب و نتيجه علاقه لري آراشديريلماغا باشلانميشدي. ايسته‌نيلن بير حاديثه نين تاريخي حاديثه ساييلماسي اۆچون شوبهه‌سيز همين حاديثه نين اينسان فعاليتي نتيجه‌سينده مئيدانا چيخميش اولماسي موهومدور. مثلا حئيوان سورولرينين کؤچو و يا هر هانسي بير طبيعي فلاکت تاريخ علمينين آراشديرما ساحه سينه عاييد حاديثه حساب اولونمور. ديگر طرفدن اينسانين دايم فعال، آکتيو اولدوغونو نظره آلاراق اونون ايسته‌نيلن فعاليتينين ده تاريخي حاديثه حساب اولونماسي مومکون دئييل. اينسانين و يا اينسان توپلولوغونون فعاليتينين تاريخي حاديثه حساب اولونماسي اۆچون همين فعاليتين جمعيت حياتينا تاثير ائتمه‌سي اساس شرطدير.مثلا بير بننانين ديوار هؤرمه‌سي تاريخي حاديثه دئييلسه ده بير معمارين يئني اينشاعات اوصولو ايجاد ائتمه‌سي تاريخي حاديثه دير. بئله کي، بۇ ايجاد نتيجه‌سينده شهرسالما ايشينده بؤيوک بير حمله ائديلميش اولا بيلر. تاريخي حاديثه لر موطلق معنادا سبب و نتيجه باخيميندان بير-بيري ايله علاقه ليديرلر. تاريخي حاديثه لرين اينکيشاف ديناميکاسي باخيميندان دئتئرمينيک بير تشککول ايچينده اولدوغو شوبهه‌سيزدير. تاريخچيلر تاريخي حاديثه لري منبع ماتئرياللارينا ايستينادن قلمه آلارکن هر شئيدن اول همين منبع ماتئرياللاريني تصنيف ائتمه، اونلارا تنقيدي ياناشما باجاريغينا، قابيليتينه ماليک اولماليديرلار. حاديثه نين مئيدانا گلديگي جوغرافي مکان و باش وئرديگي زامانين تاريخچي طرفيندن دقيق موعينلشديريلمه‌سي ده همين حاديثه يه تاريخي کيمليک، قازانديران معما خوصوصلاردان بيريدير.بئله‌ليکله، بورايا قدر سادالاديقلاريميزي آشاغيداکي کيمي خولاصه ائتسک "تاريخ ندير؟" سواليني بۇ جور جاوابلانديرا بيلريک: "تاريخ-اينسانلارين جمعيت حياتينا تاثير ائدن فعاليتلري نتيجه‌سينده مئيدانا گلميش حاديثه لري، سبب و نتيجه علاقه لريني موعين ائده‌رک، منبع ماتئرياللارينين تنقيدي تحليلينه اساسلاناراق، مکان و زامان بيلديره‌رک اؤيرنن ايجتيماعي بیلیم ساحه سيدير". ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|30em}} ==چوخ اوخو== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|editor-last1=Norton|editor-first1=Mary Beth|editor-link1=Mary Beth Norton|editor-last2=Gerardi|editor-first2=Pamela|title=The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/americanhistoric02nort|edition=3rd|publisher=Oxford U.P.|date=1995|postscript=;}} Annotated guide to 27,000 of the most important English language history books in all fields and topics. * {{cite book|last=Benjamin|first=Jules R.|title=A Student's Guide to History|date=2009}} * {{cite book|last=Carr|first=E.H.|title=What is History?|location=Basingstoke|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|date=2001|isbn=0333977017|others=With a new introduction by Richard J. Evans}} * {{cite journal|last=Cronon|first=William|title=Storytelling|journal=American Historical Review|volume=118|number=1|date=2013|pages=1–19|doi=10.1093/ahr/118.1.1|url=http://www.williamcronon.net/aha-writings.htm|access-date=24 July 2016|archive-date=23 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723044136/http://www.williamcronon.net/aha-writings.htm|url-status=live|postscript=;|doi-access=free}} Discussion of the impact of the end of the Cold War upon scholarly research funding, the impact of the Internet and Wikipedia on history study and teaching, and the importance of storytelling in history writing and teaching. * {{cite book|last=Evans|first=Richard J.|title=In Defence of History|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|date=2000|isbn=0393319598}} * {{cite book|last1=Furay|first1=Conal|last2=Salevouris|first2=Michael J.|title=The Methods and Skills of History: A Practical Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/methodsskillsofh0000fura|date=2010}} * {{cite book|last=Kelleher|first=William|title=Writing History: A Guide for Students|date=2008|postscript=;}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195337557/ excerpt and text search]. * {{cite book|last=Lingelbach|first=Gabriele|chapter=The Institutionalization and Professionalization of History in Europe and the United States|title=The Oxford History of Historical Writing|volume=4: 1800–1945|date=2011|pages=78–|isbn=978-0199533091|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xVrwFT6zAFoC&pg=PA78|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915192900/https://books.google.com/books?id=xVrwFT6zAFoC&pg=PA78|url-status=live}} * {{cite book|last=Presnell|first=Jenny L.|title=The Information-Literate Historian: A Guide to Research for History Students|url=https://archive.org/details/informationliter0000pres_k0x9|date=2006|postscript=;}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195176510/ excerpt and text search]. * {{cite book|last=Tosh|first=John|title=The Pursuit of History|url=https://archive.org/details/pursuitofhistory0000tosh|date=2006|isbn=1405823518}} * {{cite book|last=Woolf|first=D.R.|title=A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing|publisher=Garland Reference Library of the Humanities|volume=2|date=1998|postscript=;}} [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Historical-Writing-Reference-Humanities/dp/0815315147/ excerpt and text search]. * {{cite book|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=H.S.|date=1907|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5sFAAAAIAAJ|title=The Historians' History of the World|volume=Book 1|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915174251/https://books.google.com/books?id=g5sFAAAAIAAJ|url-status=live|postscript=;}} This is Book 1 of 25 Volumes. * {{cite book | last1 = Schwarcz | first1 = Lilia Moritz | year = 1998 | language = pt | title = As barbas do imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos | url = https://archive.org/details/asbarbasdoimpera00schw | publisher = Companhia das Letras | location = São Paulo | isbn = 85-7164-837-9 }} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== <!-- Please discuss on the talk page before adding more external links.--> * {{Official website|http://www.besthistorysites.net/}} of BestHistorySites * {{Official website|https://www.bbc.co.uk/history}} of BBC History * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ Internet History Sourcebooks Project] See also [[Internet History Sourcebooks Project]] (Collections of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts for educational use) {{Time topics}} {{Subject bar|commons=yes |wikt=yes |n=yes |q=yes |s=yes |s-search=پوْرتال:تاریخ |b=yes |b-search=بؤلمه:تاریخ |v=yes |v-search=پوْرتال:تاریخ |d=yes |d-search=Q309}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:تاریخ| ]] [[Category:Humanities]] [[Category:Main topic articles]] {{مین مقاله}} smr8zoi4ah8r9gnjkur825nbex5o6mk 0 4093 1590626 1552946 2026-07-15T06:35:54Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Western Sahara | native_name = {{Native name|ar|الصحراء الغربية|italics=off}}<br />{{Native name|ber|Taneẓroft Tutrimt|italics=off}}<br />{{Native name|es|Sahara Occidental|italics=off}} | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{Lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = Disputed Territory | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Westernsaharamap.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Western Sahara | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|25|N|13|W|type:country}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{Unbulleted list| {{بایراق|Morocco}} (as its "[[Southern Provinces]]") | {{بایراق|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} (in the "[[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]]")}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = Largest city | seat = [[العیون]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | legislature = | upper_house = | lower_house = | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = <!--<ref name="auto1"> </ref> --> | area_rural_footnotes = <!--<ref name="auto1" /> --> | area_metro_footnotes = <!--<ref name="auto1" /> --> | area_magnitude = <!--<ref name="auto1" /> --> | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = 266000 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = <!-- hectares --> | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = {{UN Population|Western Sahara}}{{UN Population|ref}} | population_density_km2 = 2.03 | population_note = ({{UN Population|Year}}) | population_demonym = | timezone = | utc_offset = +1 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO_3166-2:EH|EH]] | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} {{Maplink|frame=yes|zoom=4|id=Q6250|type=shape|text=Interactive map of Western Sahara}} '''غربی صحرا''' (ایسپانیاجا: ''Sahara Occidental''، اولکی آدی: ''ایسپانیا صحراسی''، تاریخی آدی: ''وادی-زاخاب (ریو-دئ-اوْروْ)'' و ''سقیت-ال-خمر''، آنلامی: ''قیزیل چای و قیرمیزی بولاق'') [[آفریقا]]نین قوزئی‌باتی‌سیندادیر. بو اؤلکه، 51 اؤلکه و بیر سیرا قوروملار طرفین‌دن '''صحرا عرب دئموکراتیک جومهوریتی''' آدلی اؤلکه کیمی تانینیر، باشقا‌لاری بو یئرلری [[مراکئش]] یئرلری کیمی تانیییرلار. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|30em}} == کیتابلار == ;Sources and further reading * {{Cite book |first=Tony |last=Hodges |year=1983 |title=Western Sahara: The Roots of a Desert War |publisher=Lawrence Hill Books |isbn=0-88208-152-7}} * {{Cite book |first=Erik |last=Jensen |year=2005 |title=Western Sahara: Anatomy of a Stalemate |url=https://archive.org/details/westernsaharaana0000jens |publisher=International Peace Studies |isbn=1-58826-305-3}} * {{Cite book |first=Anthony G. |last=Pazzanita |first2=Tony |last2=Hodges |year=1994 |title=Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000pazz_02ed |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2661-5}} * {{Cite book |first=Toby |last=Shelley |year=2004 |title=Endgame in the Western Sahara: What Future for Africa's Last Colony? |url=https://archive.org/details/endgameinwestern0000shel |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=1-84277-341-0}} *Irene Fernández-Molina and Matthew Porges. 2019. "[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351131759/chapters/10.4324/9781351131759-29 Western Sahara]." in ''Routledge Handbook of State Recognition''. == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == ;General information * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/3466917.stm Country Profile] from [[بی‌بی‌سی نیوز]]. * {{CIA World Factbook link|wi|Western Sahara}} * {{Curlie|Regional/Africa/Western_Sahara}} * {{Wikiatlas|Western Sahara}} ;United Nations * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160120102318/http://www.minurso.unlb.org/ The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)] * [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/dpko/minurso.pdf MINURSO Deployment map] as of February 2009. * [https://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minurso/reports.html Reports of the UN Secretary General] ;Human rights * [https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/morocco/ ''Human rights in Morocco and Western-Sahara''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420155254/https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/morocco/ |date=2017-04-20 }}, Amnesty International. * [https://www.hrw.org/en/middle-eastn-africa/morocco/western-sahara ''Human rights in Morocco and Western-Sahara''], Human Rights Watch. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131215070627/http://asvdh.net/english/ The Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State (ASVDH)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150624095940/http://www.afapredesa.org/index.php Association for the Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and the Disappeared (AFAPREDESA)] ;Other links * [http://allafrica.com/westernsahara/ News headline links] from [[AllAfrica.com]]. * [http://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?url=lm/2008/countries/western_sahara.html Western Sahara, Landmine Monitor Report 2008]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Cite web|url= http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/mediterranean_quarterly/v015/15.3mundy.pdf |title=Jacob Mundy&nbsp;– "Seized of the Matter". The UN and the Western Sahara Dispute.}} ([[Baker Plan]] debate). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091202021644/http://www.westernsaharaonline.net/ Western Sahara Online (pro-Morocco)] * [http://spsrasd.info/ Sahara Press Service (pro-Polisario)] * [https://chronicle.fanack.com/morocco/history-past-to-present/western-sahara-drilling-in-disputed-waters/ Fanack.com independent website that provides non-partisan facts and analysis of the MENA region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402192422/https://chronicle.fanack.com/morocco/history-past-to-present/western-sahara-drilling-in-disputed-waters/ |date=2015-04-02 }} {{Western Sahara topics}} {{SADR topics}} {{Countries and territories of North Africa}} {{States with limited recognition}} {{آفریقا اؤلکه‌لری}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:باتی صحرا]] [[بؤلمه:عرب دؤولت‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:ایسپانیولجا دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:عرب دیللی اؤلکه‌لر]] 5ps67cirjgyebhx5d9avbf1dkbtchyq 0 4110 1590661 1560964 2026-07-15T07:57:52Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = فارسجا | altname = ''fārsi''،Pārsi | nativename = {{Lang|fa|پارسی،فارسی}} | pronunciation = {{IPA-fa|fɒːɾˈsiː|}} | states = {{bulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; | [[ایران]]<ref name="Samadi">{{cite book | last = Samadi | first = Habibeh | title = Assessing Grammar: The Languages of Lars | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781847696373 | year = 2012 | publisher = Multilingual Matters | isbn = 978-1-84769-637-3 | author2 = Nick Perkins | editor = Martin Ball | editor2 = David Crystal | editor3 = Paul Fletcher | page = [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781847696373/page/169 169] }}</ref> | [[افغانیستان]]<ref name="Samadi" />&nbsp;([[دری دیلی|دری]]) }} {{bulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; | [[تاجیکیستان]]<ref name="Samadi" />&nbsp;([[تاجیک دیلی|تاجیک]]) | [[اؤزبکیستان]] ([[تاجیک دیلی]] و [[بوخارا فارسجاسی]])|[[عراق]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iraq | title = IRAQ | accessdate = 7 November 2014 }}</ref> | [[روسیه]]<ref>{{cite book | ref = harv | last1 = Pilkington | first1 = Hilary | last2 = Yemelianova | first2 = Galina | title = Islam in Post-Soviet Russia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mAfS-PFRLYkC&pg=PA27 | year = 2004 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-0-203-21769-6 | page = 27 }}: "Among other indigenous peoples of Iranian origin were the Tats, the Talishes and the Kurds"</ref><ref>{{cite book | ref = harv | last1 = Mastyugina | first1 = Tatiana | last2 = Perepelkin | first2 = Lev | title = An Ethnic History of Russia: Pre-revolutionary Times to the Present | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xd3ZnfyRgncC&pg=PA80 | year = 1996 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | isbn = 978-0-313-29315-3 }}, p. 80: "The Iranian Peoples (Ossetians, Tajiks, Tats, Mountain Judaists)"</ref>|[[آذربایجان جومهوریتی]]<ref name="Windfuhr">Windfuhr, Gernot: ''The Iranian Languages'', Routledge 2009, p.&nbsp;418.</ref> }} | speakers = | date = 2009 | ref = <ref name="Windfuhr" /> | speakers2 = ۴۵ میلیون (۲۰۰۷)<ref>Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref>&nbsp;– ۶۰ میلیون (۲۰۱۶) {{جب}} (فارس دیلی‌ایله تانیش اوْلان توپلام ۱۱۰ میلیون (۲۰۱۶))<ref name="Windfuhr" /> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[هیند-ایران دیللری]] | fam3 = [[گیلک دیلی]] | fam4 = [[باتی ایران دیللری]] | fam5 = Southwestern Iranian | ancestor = [[اسکی فارس دیلی]] | ancestor2 = [[پهلوی دیلی]] | dia1 = [[ایران فارسی‌سی]] | dia2 = [[دری دیلی|دری]] | dia3 = [[تاجیک دیلی|تاجیک]] | dia4 = [[بوخارایی دانیشیق|بوخارایی]] | dia5 = فارس دیلی | dia6 = [[هزارگی دیالکتی]] | dia7 = [[ایماقی دیالکتی]] | dia8 = [[فارسی یهودی دیلی]] | dia9 = فارس دیلی | dia10 = [[جهوری (تات-یهودی دیلی)]]<ref name="Windfuhr" /> | dia11 = [[تات دیلی (قافقاز)|قافقاز تاتی]]<ref name="Windfuhr" /> | dia12 = [[ارمنی-تات]]<ref name="Windfuhr" /> | stand1 = [[ایران فارسی‌سی]] | stand2 = [[دری دیلی|دری]] | stand3 = [[تاجیک دیلی|تاجیک]] | script = {{Plain list|class=nowrap}} * [[فارس الیفباسی]] ([[ایران]] و [[افغانیستان]]) * [[تاجیک الیفباسی]] ([[تاجیکیستان]]) * {{Hlist|[[عبرانی الیفباسی]] | [[فارسجا بریل الیفباسی]]}} {{Endplainlist}} | nation = {{Plain list| *{{IRN}} (as Persian)<ref>[[Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran]]: Chapter II, Article 15: "The official language and script of Iran, the [[lingua franca]] of its people, is Persian. Official documents, correspondence, and texts, as well as text-books, must be in this language and script. However, the use of regional and tribal languages in the press and mass media, as well as for teaching of their literature in schools, is allowed in addition to Persian."</ref> *{{AFG}} (as [[Dari language|Dari]]) *{{TJK}} (as [[Tajik language|Tajik]])}} | agency = {{Plain list}} * {{Longlink|[[فارسجا دیل و ادب آکادئمیاسی ]]&nbsp;([[ایران]])}} {{Endplainlist}} | iso1 = fa | iso2b = per | iso2t = fas | iso3 = fas | lc1 = pes | ld1 = [[ایران فارسجاسی]] | lc2 = prs | ld2 = [[دری دیلی|دری]] (افغانیستان فارسی‌سی) | lc3 = tgk | ld3 = [[تاجیک دیلی|تاجیکجه]]<!--This and the following codes aren't part of the macrolanguage per SIL--> | lc4 = aiq | ld4 = [[ایماقی دیالکتی|ایماقی]] | lc5 = bhh | ld5 = [[بوخارایی دیالکتی|بوخارایی]] | lc7 = haz | ld7 = [[هزارگی دیالکتی|هزارگی]] | lc8 = jpr | ld8 = [[فارسی یهودی دیلی|فارسی یهودی]] | lc9 = phv | ld9 = [[پهلوانی دیلی|پهلوانی]] | lc10 = deh | ld10 = [[دهواری دیلی|دهواری]] | lc11 = jdt | ld11 = [[جهوری (تات-یهودی دیلی)|جهوری]] | lc12 = ttt | ld12 = [[تات دیلی (قافقاز)|قافقاز تاتی]] | lingua = {{Longitem|58-AAC (Wider Persian)<br />{{Nowrap|&nbsp;> 58-AAC-c (Central Persian)}}}} | image = Farsi.svg | imagesize = 100px | imagecaption = ''فارسی'' کلمه‌سی فارسجا یازی‌سیله ([[نستعلیق فونتو]]ندا) | map = Persian Language Location Map.svg {{!}}border | mapcaption = او یئرلرکی فارسجا دانیشانلارین چوخلو سایی‌سی وار | map2 = Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.svg{{!}}border | mapcaption2 = {{لجند|red|او اؤلکه‌لر کی فارس دیلی اونلاردا رسمیتی وار}} | notice = IPA | glotto = fars1254 | glottorefname = Farsic&nbsp;– Caucasian Tat }} '''فارس دیلی''' یادا '''فارسجا''' ({{فارسجا| فارسی،پارسی}}) — [[ایران]]، [[افغانیستان]] و [[تاجیکیستان]] اؤلکه‌لرینده دانؽشؽلان دیل، و [[اؤزبکیستان]] اؤلکه‌سینده کیچیک بیر آزؽن‌لؽغا صاحیب اوْلان دیل، [[هیند اوروپا دیللری|هیند آورۇپا دیل عائیله‌سی]]نه باغلؽ بیر دیل‌دیر. هیند-آورۇپا دیل عائیله‌سی‌نین بیر قوْلۇ اوْلان [[هیند-ایران دیللری|هیند-ایران دیل عائیله‌سی]]<nowiki/>‌نین [[ایران دیللری|ایران دیل‌لری]]<nowiki/>نه باغلؽ‌دؽر. فارسجا و لهجه‌لری، [[ایران]]، [[افغانیستان]] و [[تاجیکیستان]]دا رسمی وضعیتی وار. [[سیا]] دۆنیا حقاییق کیتابؽنا گؤره، ۶۰ میلیونا یاخؽن آدامؽن آنادیلی فارسجادؽر و جمعاً ۱۱۰-میلیون نفر بۇ دیلده دانؽشماغؽ باشارؽر. == فارسجانین لهجه‌لری == ایستاندارد فارسجانؽن اۆچ چاغداش واریانتی واردؽر: * [[فارسجا]]: [[ایران]]دا دانؽشؽلان چاغداش فارسجا * [[دری‌جه]]: [[افغانیستان]]، [[اؤزبکیستان]] و [[پاکیستان]]دا دانؽشؽلان فارسجا * [[تاجیک‌جه]]: [[تاجیکیستان]]، [[اؤزبکیستان]] و [[روسیه]] ده دانیشیلان فارسجا. [[کیریل]] الیفباسؽ ایله یازؽلار. آیرؽ‌جا [[ایران]]، [[افغانیستان]] و [[تاجیکیستان]]دا ایستاندارد فارسجانؽن بیر آز فرق‌لی اوْلان یئرلی لهجه‌لرده واردؽر. '''لاری''' (ایران) و '''دروازی''' (تاجیکیستان) بۇلارؽن نۆمۇنه‌سی‌دیر. ائتنولوق، دانؽشؽل‌دؽغؽ یئرلره گؤره بئله بؤلمک اوْلار: * باتؽ(غرب) فارسجاسؽ و یا ایران فارسجاسؽ (ایران) * دوغۇ(شرق) فارسجاسؽ (افغانیستان) * تاجیکجه (تاجیکیستان، اؤزبکیستان) * آیماق (افغانیستان) * بوخارایجه (ایسرائیل، اؤزبکیستان) * دروازی (افغانیستان، تاجیکیستان) * دژیدی (ایسرائیل، ایران) * پهلوانی (سیستان اوستانی‌نین بعضی یئرلرینده و افغانیستان) چاغداش(مۆعاصیر) ایران‌دا و یا سرحدلره(مرزلره) یاخؽن بعضی یئرلرده، ائتنیک قۇرۇپ‌لارؽ دانؽشدؽغؽ باغلانتؽ‌لؽ دیل‌لر بۇلاردؽر: * [[لورجا]] ایران‌ؽن گونئی(جنۇب) باتؽ‌سؽندا، [[لوریستان اوستانی|لۇرستان]] و [[خوزیستان اوستانی|خۇزیستان]] اۇستان‌لارؽن‌دا * [[تالؽش‌جا]] قوزئی(شیمال) ایران و آذربایجان‌ؽن گونئی(جنۇب) بؤلگه‌لرینده * [[تاتجا]] [[شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی]]{{قایناق‌گؤستر}}، [[زنجان]] {{قایناق‌گؤستر}} ویا [[قزوین]]ده. آیریجا [[آذربایجان]] {{قایناق‌گؤستر}} ویا [[روسیه]] {{قایناق‌گؤستر}} بعضی یئرلرینده دانیشیلیر. * [[دریجه]] (ویا گبری)، ایرانین [[یزد]] و [[کرمان]] بؤلگه‌لرینده بعضی [[زردوشتیلر]] طرفیندن دانیشیلیر. [[تاجیکلر]]ین دانؽشدؽغؽ فارسجا، سووئت دؤنمینده آیرؽ بیر ادبیات دیلی حالینه گلمیش اوْلوب، فارسجانؽن بیر لهجه‌سی اولماسؽ قارشؽ آیرؽ بیر دیل سایؽلؽر. [[ایران]]دا و [[افغانیستان]]دا عرب-کؤکلو [[فارس الیفباسی]] ایشله‌نیرکن، [[تاجیکیستان]]دا کیریل-کؤک‌لۆ [[تاجیک الیفباسی]] ایشله‌نیلیر. اۆچ لهجه مۆقایسه اولسا، بیر-بیری‌ندن چوْخ فرق‌لی اولمادؽغؽ گؤرۆلۆر. افغانیستان فارسجاسؽن‌دا، کلمه‌لر فرقلی دئییلسه‌ده، ایران فارسجاسؽن‌دا یازؽلدؽق‌لارؽ کیمی یازؽلؽرلار. تاجیک فارسجاسؽن‌دا ایسه تلفۆظ‌ده‌کی فرق‌لر یازؽیا دا گلیر. == یازی سیستمی == فارسجا ایسلام‌دان قاباق [[پهلوی الیفباسی]] ایله یازؽل‌مؽش‌دؽر. بۇگۆن ایسه ایران و افغانیستان‌دا عرب-کؤک‌لۆ [[فارس الیفباسی]] ایله، تاجیکیستان‌دا دا [[کیریل|کیریل الیفباسی]] ایله یازؽلماق‌دادؽر. ۱۹۶۷ ایلینده فارسجانؽن [[بیرلشمیش میلتلر تشکیلاتی|بیرلشمیش میلتلر]]ین رسمی اساس‌لارؽنا دایانان لاتین الیفباسؽ ایله یازؽلماسؽ ایران طرفیندن قبۇل ائدیل‌دی. آنجاق [[ایران ایسلام اینقیلابی|ایسلام اینقیلابی]] ایله برابر ۲۰۰۰-ایلینده بۇ سیستئمین تکجه یئر آدلارؽ اۆچۆن ایشله‌نیله‌جگی اعلام اوْلدۇ.<ref>http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_fa.pdf</ref> فارسجادا بۇ ۳۲ حرفلر واردیر: <center> {| class="wikitable" |- |[[الف|ا]]||[[ب]]||[[پ]]||[[ت]]||[[ث]]||[[جیم|ج]]||[[چ]]||[[ح]]||[[خ]]||[[دال|د]]||[[ذال|ذ]]||[[ر]]||[[ز]]||[[ژ]]||[[سین|س]]||[[شین|ش]]||[[صاد|ص]]||[[ضاد|ض‎]]||[[ط]]||[[ظ]]||[[عین|ع]]||[[غین|غ]]||[[ف]]||[[قاف|ق]]||[[کاف|ک]]||[[گ]]||[[لام|ل]]||[[میم|م]]||[[نون|ن]]||[[واو|و]]||[[ه]]||[[ی]] |} </center> == فارسجا و باشقا دیللر == فارسجا باشقا ایرانی دیل‌لر ایله طبیعی اولاراق بنزرلیک‌لری واردؽر. آشاغؽ‌داکؽ جدول‌ده، نئچه کلمه فارسجادا و دیگر ایرانی دیل‌لرده قارشؽ‌لاش‌دؽرؽلؽب‌دؽر. کلمه‌لرین تۆرکجه معناسؽ سون سۆتۇن‌دادؽر. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em 0 1em 1em; font-size:95%; text-align: right;" ! فارسجا || دریجه || تاجیکجه || زازاجا ||کوردجه || مازندرانجا || تۆرکجه |- | آب || Ov || Ob || Awe || Av || ئو || سو |- | یک || Yak || Yak || Yew / Ju /Jew|| Yek || ات || بیر |- | شب || Şov || Şeb || Şewe || Şev(bıhêrk) || شو || گئجه |- | خواستن || Xastan || Xostan || Waştene || Xwestin/Wiştin || بخاستن || ایسته‌مک |- | ایستادن || Sitonidan || Stondan || Vindetene || Sekinîn/Rawestin || اِسائن || دورماق |- | گرفتن || Giriften || Giriften || Pé Gırewtene || Pê girtin/Zeftkirin || بَیتِن || توتوب آلماق، توتماق |- | خریدن || Xariden || Hardiden || Hérînayene || Kirîn || بخری‌ین || ساتیب آلماق، پول ایله آلماق |- | چند؟ || Çand? || Çand? || Çend? || Çend? || چَن؟ ||نئچه؟ |- | کو؟ || Ku? || Ku? || Koti? || Ku/Kuder/Kuva? || کاجه؟ || هارا؟ |- | چطور؟ || Çitu? || Çitur? || Se? || Çawa/Çilo/Çer/Çitan/Çiton/Çito/Çitu/Çitol? || چِتی؟ || نئجه؟ |} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [http://www.aryanpour.com/ ''آریانپور'' سؤزلوک] * [http://www.farsdili.com/sozluk/index.php/index/2.xhtml فارسجا-تورکجه سؤزلوک] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124080741/http://www.farsdili.com/sozluk/index.php/index/2.xhtml |date=2010-01-24 }} * [http://www.lisanifarisi.net/ لیسانی فارسی] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221012427/http://lisanifarisi.net/ |date=2012-12-21 }} * [http://www.wikibic.com/ Wikibic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090214/http://www.wikibic.com/ |date=2010-11-25 }} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:ایران دیللری]] [[بؤلمه:ایران مدنیتی]] [[بؤلمه:افغانیستان‌داکی دیللر]] [[بؤلمه:ایران‌داکی دیللر]] [[بؤلمه:عراق دیللری]] [[بؤلمه:تاجیکیستان دیللری]] [[بؤلمه:آسیا دیللری]] 4ls794su5b29o6yuquv1kfomdwx8v4b 0 4264 1590723 1587958 2026-07-15T10:32:00Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{تاریخی دولت |آدی = قاراقوْیونلو دؤولتی |اصلی_آد = قاراقوْیونلولار (Qaraqoyunlular) |دوروم = |هیمن = |بایراق = Flag_of_Kara_Koyunlu_dynasty.png |ایضاح_بایراق = |گرب = |ایضاح_گرب = |خریطه = Map_of_Kara_Koyunlu_Turcomans.jpg |ایضاح_خریطه = قاراقوْیونلو دؤولتی |p1 = چوبانلیلار |flag_p1 = Chupanid - Jalayerid dynasty 1337–1432 ad.png |p2 = جلایر سولطانلیغی |flag_p2 = Chupanid - Jalayerid dynasty 1337–1432 ad.png |p3 = |flag_p3 = |p4 = |flag_p4 = |p5 = |flag_p5 = |p6 = |flag_p6 = |p7 = |flag_p7 = |یارانما1 = ۱۳۷۵ (میلادی) {{جب}} |لغواولما1 = ۱۴۶۷ (میلادی) |f1 = آغ‌قویونلولار |S1 = آغ قویانلیلار |flag_f1 = Flag_of_Ak_Koyunlu.svg |f2 = تیموریلر |flag_f2 =Timurid.svg |f3 = |flag_f3 = |f4 = |flag_f4 = |f5 = |flag_f5 = |f6 = |flag_f6 = |f7 = |flag_f7 = |شوعار = |باشکند = [[ارجیش]]{{جب}}[[تبریز]] |شهرلر = |دیل = [[تورکجه]] |پول_واحیدی = |ساحه = |اهالی = |ایداره ائتمه فورماسی = شاهلیق |سولاله = قاراقوْیونلولار |پادیشاه1 = بایرام خوجا |پادیشاه_حاکیمیت1 = ۷۸۰-۷۵۱ ه.ق |پادیشاهلیق عونوانی1 = سلطان، بَی |پادیشاه2 = قارامحمد |پادیشاه_حاکیمیت2 = ۷۹۰-۷۸۰ ه.ق |پادیشاه3 = قارایوسف |پادیشاه_حاکیمیت3 = ۸۲۳-۷۹۰ ه.ق |پادیشاه4 = قارا اسکندر |پادیشاه_حاکیمیت4 = ۸۴۱-۸۲۳ ه.ق |پادیشاه5 = جهانشاه قراقویونلو |پادیشاه_حاکیمیت5 =  ۸۷۲-۸۴۱ ه.ق |پادیشاه6 = حسن علی میرزا |پادیشاه_حاکیمیت6 = ۸۷۴-۸۷۲ ه.ق |دین = [[ایسلام]] ([[شیعه]]) |علاوه بند = |بندین آدی = |علاوه بند1 = |بندین آدی1 = |علاوه بند2 = |بندین آدی2 = |مرحله1 = |گون_آی1 = |ایل1 = |مرحله2 = |گون_آی2 = |ایل2 = |اول = |ا1 = |ا2 = |ا3 = |ا4 = |ا5 = |ا6 = |ا7 = |سونرا = |س1 = |س2 = |س3 = |س4 = |س5 = |س6 = |س7 = |قئید = }} '''قاراقوْیونلو دؤولتی''' - [[شیروان خانلیغی|شیروان]] ایستیثنا اوْلماقلا بۆتون [[آذربایجان]]٬ ایندیکی [[ائرمنیستان]]٬ [[گورجیستان|گۆرجوستانین]] بیر بؤلومو٬ غرب [[ایران]] و [[عیراق]]ی تۇتان دؤولت. قاراقوْیونلولار [[اوغوز تورکلری|اوْغوز]] تۆرکمان سوْیلو طایفا ایتّیفاقی‌دیر. بایراقلاریندا چکیلمیش اوْلان دامغا قدیم ساخالاردان بۇ یانا هۇنلارین٬ [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملۆک‌لرین]]٬ [[سلجوقلار|سلجوقلولارین]]٬ موْغول-تاتارلارین٬ ایشلتدیگی «اژداها اۆرَگی» و یا «حیات چیچگی» دامغاسی ایدی. قاراقوْیونلولارین باهارلی (بارانلی) خاندانی ۲۴ اوْغوزلارین «ییوا» بوْیونداندیر. ==سولالنین کؤکی== قاراقوْیونلولار [[اوغوز]] تۇرکمان کؤکلی طایفا ایتیفاقؽدیر. قاراقوْیونلولارین تاریخین‌دن بحث ائدن تاریخی-تۇرکمانیه و تاریخی [[سولطانقولو قوطبشاه]] اثرلرینده ۱۲۰۲-۱۲۰۳-جۆ ایللرده [[قارا یوسف|قارایوسفین]] ۷-جی اۇلو باباسی اوْغوز نئسلیندئن اوْلان تؤره بیین قاراقوْیونلولارین رهبرلیگی آلتؽندا ۳۰ مین چادؽر دان تشکیل ائدیلیب و [[تورکوستان|تورکوستاندان]] ، [[ایران|ایرانا]] و [[آذربایجان]] و باتی آنادولویا کؤچدیلر. سدلی، [[باهارلی اویماغی|باهارلی]] دۇهارلی، قارامانلؽ، آلپاوۇت، چکیرلی، آیؽنلی، حاجؽلی، [[آغاجری ائلی|آغاجری]] دؤگر، بایراملؽ طایفالارؽ قاراقوْیونلو طایفا ایتیفاقؽنا داخیل اوْلان طایفالار ایدیؽل. قاراقویونلولارین بارانلؽ و اؽشیت باهارلؽ سۆلاله سینین منشایی اوْغوزلارین یؽوا بوْیونداندیر. بارانلی، سؤزو بارانقار اؽزینیندین یارانمؽش، بۇ سؤزونده قدیم تۆرک دیلینده بارانقار معناسؽنی وئرن ساغ قوْل کی، بۇ دا اوْغوز طایفالارؽندان اۆچ اوْخلارین ساغ قوْلون تشکیل اتمک دمکدیر.  ==گئچمیشلری== ===یارانما و گنیشلنمه سی=== [[File:Jalayirids, Timurids and Qara Qoyunlu in 1400.png|thumb|left|قاراقویونلولارین ایلکین اراضیسی ۱۴۰۰ایل حوالسسینده]] قاراقویونلو تورکمانلاری اولجه تخمینا ۱۳۷۵-جی ایلدن [[بغداد]] و [[تبریز]] ده‌کی [[جلایر سولطانلیغی]] [[واسال]] ایدیلر و اوْنلارین آپارؽجی قبیله‌سینین باشچؽسی موصولدان اداره ائدیردی. قارا قویونلو حؤکم‌داری [[قارا محمد]] ۱۳۸۴-جۆ ایلده [[ماردین|ماردینی]] ایشغال ائتدی و اوْنون [[آرتوقلو بی‌لیگی|آرتوقلو]] حؤکم‌داری مجدالدین عیسی ال-ظاهیرین (۱۳۷۶-۱۴۰۷) تابعلی‌یینی قبۇل ائتدی و اوْ، واسالا چئوریلدی. قاراقویونلولار نهایت [[جلایر سولطانلیغی|جلایریلره]] قارشؽ عۆصیان قالدؽردیلار و قارا یۇسیفین تبریزی فتح ائتمه‌سی ایله جلایریلر سۆلاله‌سیندن مۆستقیللیکلرینی تامین ائتدیلر. ۱۴۰۰-جۆ ایلده [[تئیمور]] رهبرلی‌یینده‌کی [[تیمورلو ایمپیراتورلوغو]] قاراقویونلولاری مغلۇب ائتدی و [[قارا یوسف]] [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملوک سولطانلیغی]] سؽغینماق اۆچون میصیره قاچدؽ. قارا یوسیفی [[دمشق]] نایبی شیخ مححمود قارشؽلادی. چوْخ کئچمه‌دن جلایری سولطانی احمد جلایری‌ده دمشقه گلدی. تئیمورلا مۆناسیبتلرینی پیسلشدیرمک ایسته‌مه‌ین الناصیر فرج قارا یوسیفی و احمد جلایری تۇتوب اوْنا تحویل وئرمه‌یه راضؽ اوْلدو. حبس‌خانادا بیرلیکده ایکی باشچی دوْستلوقلارینی یئنیله دیب احمد جلایرین بغدادی ساخلاماسؽ، قارا یوسفین ایسه آذربایجانؽ اداره ائتمه‌سی باره‌ده راضؽلیغا گلدیلر. احمد همچینین قارا یۇسفین اوغلو [[پیربوداغ]] اؤلادلیغا گؤتوردو. [[File:The Monastery, 1407-08 (Topkapı Palace Museum, TSMK H.2153) f.131b (ruler detail).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|قارا یوسفین اوغلو و مۆستقیل بیر سولطانلیق اوْلاراق قارا قویونلولارین ایلک حؤکم‌داری پیربوداغین ائحتیمال کی، مۆعاصیر تصویری. ۱۴۰۷-۱۴۰۸ (توْپقاپی سارایؽ موزئسی)]] تئیمور ۱۴۰۵-جی ایلده وفات ائتدیکدن سونرا، الناصیر فرج هر ایکیسینی آزاد ائتدی. لاکین فاروق سومئرین سؤزلرینه گؤره، اوْنلار دمشقین عۆصیان‌کار والیسی شیخ محمودون امری ایله آزاد ائدیلدیلر.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=KARAKOYUNLULAR - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/karakoyunlular |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> قارا یوسف سۆرگوندن قایؽداراق تئیمورون وان والیسی ایززددین شیرینی تسلیم اوْلماغا مجبۇر ائتدی، تئیمورون تعیین ائتدییی باشقا بیر جانیشین آلتامؽشی اله کئچیره‌رک [[برقوق|برقوقا]] گؤندردی. داها سوْنرا اوْ، آذربایجان اراضیلرینه کئچدی. ۱۴ اوکتوبر ۱۴۰۶-جؽ ایلده [[ناخجیوان]] دؤیوشونده تئیمۇری ابوبکری مغلۇب ائتدی و تبریزی یئنیدن ایشغال ائتدی. ابوبکر و آتاسؽ میران شاه آذربایجانؽ گئری آلماغا چالؽشدیلار، لاکین ۲۰ آوریل ۱۴۰۸-جی ایلده قارا یوسیف میران شاهؽن اؤلدورولدویو سردرود دؤیوشونده اوْنلارا قطعی مغلۇبیت وئردی. ۱۴۰۹-جۇ ایلین پایؽزیندا قارا یوسیف تبریزه داخیل اوْلدو و شیروانا، خۆصوصا‌ده شکییه باسقؽن دسته‌سی گؤندردی، لاکین بۇ، نتیجه‌سیز قالدؽ. باتؽدا <ref>{{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=René |title=The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh0000grou |publisher=RUTGERS UNIV PR |year=1970 |isbn=0-8135-1304-9}}</ref>[[آرتوقلو بی‌لیگی|آرتوقلو لارین]] سوْن قالاسؽ اوْلان ماردین ۱۴۰۹-جۇ ایلده قاراقوْیونلولار طرفیندن اله کئچیریلدی. ===ارمینستان هۇجومی=== ۱۴۱۰-جۇ ایلده [[ارمنیستان]] قاراقوْیونلولارین نظارتی آلتؽنا کئچدی. بۇ دؤورده مؤوجود اوْلان اساس ارمنی منبعلری تاریخچی توما مئتسوْپئتسی و مۆعاصیر الیازمالارا عائید بیر نئچه کوْلوفوندان عیبارتدیر.<ref>Kouymjian, Dickran (1997), "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Migration under Shah Abbas (1604)" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century'', ed. [[Richard G. Hovannisian]], New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 4. {{ISBN|1-4039-6422-X}}.</ref> تومانین سؤزلرینه گؤره، قاراقویونلولار ارمنیلره قارشؽ آغؽر وئرگیلر تطبیق ائتسه‌لر ده، اوْنلارین حاکیمییتینین ایلک ایللری نیسبتا دینج کئچدی و شهرلرین یئنیدن قۇرولماسی ایشلری آپارؽلدی. اما بۇ دینج دؤور ارمنیستانؽ صحرایا چئویرن و ویرانه‌لییه‌، تالانا، قؽرغینا و اسیرلیغه‌ معرۇض قالان [[قارا اسکندر]] حاکیمییتی ایله پوْزولدو.<ref> According to Tovma, although the Qara Qoyunlu levied heavy taxes against the [[Armenians]], the early years of their rule were relatively peaceful and some reconstruction of towns took place. This peaceful period was, however, shattered with the rise of [[Qara Iskander]], who reportedly made Armenia a "desert" and subjected it to "devastation and plunder, to slaughter, and captivity".</ref> ایسکندرین تئیموریلر طرفیندن مۆحاریبه‌لری و سوْندا مغلۇبیتی ارمنیستاندا داها دا داغؽنتیلارا سبب اوْلدو، چۆنکی بیر چوْخ ارمنی اسیر گؤتورولدو و کؤله‌لییه ساتؽلدی، توْرپاقلار ایسه آچؽق شکیلده تالان ائدیلدی و بیر چوخو بؤلگه‌نی ترک ائتمه‌یه مجبۇر اولدو.<ref name="Kouymjian. Armenia, p. 5">Kouymjian. "Armenia", p. 5.</ref> ایسکندر چالئشدی اشرافی عائله‌سیندن اوْلان بیر ارمنینی رۆستم آدؽندا ،اؤز مصلحتچیلریندن بیری تعیین ائتمکله ارمنیلرله بارؽشماغا چالؽشدی.تئیموریلر بؤلگه‌یه سوْن هۆجوملارینی باشلاتدؽقدا، ایسکندرین قارداشؽ [[جهان شاه]] قارداشؽنا قارشؽ چؽخماغا ایناندؽردیلار. جهان شاه سۆنیکده ارمنیلره قارشؽ تعقیب سیاستی یۆروتموش و ارمنی الیازمالارؽنا کوْلوفونلاردا اوْنون قۆوه‌لری طرفیندن تاتئو صۇمئعه سینی تالان ائدیلمه‌سی قید اوْلونموشدور.<ref name="Kouymjian. Armenia, p. 5"/> لاکین اوْ دا ارمنیلرله یاخؽنلاشماغا چالؽشمیش، فئوْداللارا توْرپاق آیؽرمیش، [[کیلیسا]] یئنیدن قۇرموش و ۱۴۴۱-جی ایلده ارمنی آپوْستول کیلیساسؽنی کاتولیکوسونون یئرلشدییی یئرین ائچمیادزین کاتئدرالؽنا کؤچورولمه‌سینی تصدیقلمیشدیر. بۆتون بۇنلارا باخمایاراق، جهان شاهؽن [[آغ‌قویونلولار|آغ قویونلاردا]] اۇغورسوز مۆباریزسینین سوْن ایللرینده اؤلکه داها دا ویران قالدؽغی اۆچون ارمنی شهرلرینه هۆجوم ائتمه‌یه و ارمنی اسیرلرینی گؤتورمه‌یه داوام ائتمیشدیر.<ref>Kouymjian. "Armenia", pp. 6–7.</ref> ===بغداد هوجومی=== [[File:Iskandar ibn Qara Yusuf (contemporary portrait, painted circa 1430).jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|قارا ایسکندرین پوْرتالی۱۴۳۰]] ۱۴۱۰-جۇ ایلده قاراقویونلولار [[بغداد|بغدادؽ]] اله کئچیردیلر. اوْرادا تؤرمه قاراقوْیونلو خطینین قۇرولماسی بیر واختلار خیدمت ائتدیکلری جلایریلرین سۆقوطونو سۆرعتلندیردی. ۱۴۲۰-جی ایلده [[قارا یوسف|قارا یوسفین]] اؤلوموندن سوْنرا اوْنون نسیللری آراسؽندا داخیلی چکیشمه‌لره باخمایاراق، قارا یوسفدن سوْنرا قارا قویونلو دؤلتی سۆقوط ائتدی. ۱۴۲۰-جی ایلین دسامبیرینده قارا یۇسیفین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا [[شاهرۇخ]]، اوْغوللارین‌دان هئچ بیرینین آتاسؽ ایله بیرلیکده اوْلماماسیندان ایستیفاده ائتدی، قارا یۇسیفین اوْغلو ایسکندردن آذربایجانؽ آلماغا چالؽشدی. ۱۴۲۰-۲۱ و ۱۴۲۹-جۇ ایللرده ایکی دفعه قارا ایسکندری مغلۇب ائتسه‌لر ده، یالنؽز شاهرۇخ میرزه‌نین ۱۴۳۴-۳۵-جی ایللرده‌کی اۆچونجو صفرینده تئیمۇریلر هؤکومتی ایسکندرین اؤز قارداشؽ جاهان شاها (۱۴۳۶-۱۴۶۷) [[واسال|واسسالؽ]] کیمی اعتیبار ائتدیکده اۇغور قازاندؽلار. [[File:Iskandar ibn Qara Yusuf (left) in battle against Ibrahim Sultan (right). 1430 Shahnama, Bodleian Library, ms. Add 176, folios 6r-7v.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|۱۴۲۹-جۇ ایلین آوریلینده تئیموری ایبراهیم سولطانینا (ساغدا) قارشؽ دؤیوشده قارا قوْیونلو حؤکم‌داری قارا ایسکندرین (سوْلدا) مۆعاصیر تصویری. شاهنامه (۱۴۳۰)، بوْدلئیان کیتاب‌خاناسؽ]] ۱۴۳۶-جؽ ایلده [[جهان شاه]] تئیموری شاهرۇخ میرزه ایله صۆلح باغلادؽ و ایسکندری مغلۇب ائتمک و تاخت-تاجؽ اله کئچیرمک اۆچون شاهرۇخدان کؤمک آلدؽ. اوْ، هابله [[گوهرشادبیگم|گؤهر شاد]] طرفیندن اؤلادلیغا گؤتورولدو و ۱۹ آوریل ۱۴۳۸-جی ایلده مۆظفرالدین لقبینی گؤتوره‌رک تاجقوْیولدو. ۱۴۴۷-جی ایلده تئیموری حؤکم‌داری شاهرۇخون اؤلوموندن سوْنرا جهان شاه قاراقوْیونلولارین مۆستقیل حؤکم‌داری اوْلدو و سۇلطان و خان تیتۇللارین‌دان ایستیفاده ائتمه‌یه باشلادؽ. عینی زاماندا، تئیموری ایمپئریاسؽ تۇرکمان شاهزاده‌لری آراسؽنداکی مۆباریزدن ایستیفاده ائتدی [[سولطانیه]] و [[قزوین]] شهرلرینی اله کئچیردی. سولطان محمد بین بایسۇنقور جهان شاهؽن قؽزی ایله ائولندیکده صۆلح باغلاندؽ. اما اوْ، ایتیردییی توْرپاقلاری میرزه بابۇردان گئری آلدؽ۱۴۴۷ جی ایلده شاهرۇخون اؤلوموندن سوْنرا قاراقویونلو تۇرکمانلاری عراقؽن بیر حیصّه‌سینی و عربیستان یارؽماداسینین شرق ساحیلینی، ائله‌جه‌ده تئیمۇریلرین نظارتی آلتؽندا اوْلان غربی ایرانؽ ایلحاق ائتدیلر. [[تیمورلو ایمپیراتورلوغو|تئیمۇریلر ایمپیراتورلوغو]] غیر-مۆعیینلیک و واریثلیک مۆباریزلرینه غرق اوْلدوغو اۆچون جهان شاه سولطانییه، [[همدان]] و قزوین شهرلرینی اله کئچیرمه‌یی باجاردؽ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roxburgh |first1=David J. |title=Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture (“Many a Wish Has Turned to Dust”: Pir Budaq and the Formation of Turkmen Arts of the Book) |publisher=Brill |date=1 January 2014 |pages=181–182 |doi=10.1163/9789004280281_010 |quote=The balance of power between the Qaraqoyunlu and Timurid houses ended with Shahrukh’s death in 1447. Jahanshah lost no time in marching on and capturing Sultaniyya, Hamadan, and Qazvin, steadily taking in Timurid territories.}}</ref> ===گۆنی و دوْغوداکی یۆروشلری=== ۱۴۵۲-۱۴۵۳-جۆ ایللرده جهان شاه‌، فارس والیسی سولطان محمد بین بایسونقورون اؤلوموندن ایستیفاده ائده‌رک، شرق و جنۇبو داها دا گئنیشلندیرمک اۆچون [[ساوه]]، [[قوم]]، [[ایصفهان]]، [[شیراز]] و یزدی اله کئچیردی. اوْغلو [[پیر بوداق (والی)|پیر بوداق]] اونا دستک اوْلدو و اوْ، شیراز بؤلگه‌سینین والیسی اوْلدو.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brend |first1=Dr Barbara |title=Perspectives on Persian Painting: Illustrations to Amir Khusrau's Khamsah |date=5 November 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-85418-7 |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4dj5AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref>۱۴۵۸جی ایلین یایؽندا جهان شاه هراتا قدر ایره‌لیله‌دی و بیر نئچه آی شهری ایشغال ائتدی، اما سوْندا اوْغلو حسن علینین عۆصیانی و ابۇ سعیدین تبریزه یۆروشو سببین‌دن گئری قایؽتمالی اوْلدو.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Central Asia|volume=4|author=Christoph Baum|page=297|year=2018}}</ref>حسن علی عۆصیان‌کار طبیعتینه گؤره بیر مۆدت ماکۇ حبس‌خاناسؽندا ساخلانؽلدی. ۱۴۵۸-جی ایلین قؽشیندا مغلۇب اوْلدو. اما بۇ دفعه اوْغلو پیربوداق عۆصیان ائتدی و تئزلیکله فارسدا حسن علی اوْنا قوْشولدو. لاکین آناسؽنین خواهیشی ایله اوْ، آماندا قالدؽ و یئرینه جهان شاهؽن آیری اوْغلو میرزا یوسف تعیین ائدیلدی. پیربوداق باغدادؽ اداره ائتمک اۆچون گؤندریلدی، دیگر اوْغوللاری قاسؽم بَی [[کیرمان|کیرمانا]] تعیین ائدیلدی و حسن علی یئنیدن حبس ائدیلدی. لاکین پیربۇداق یئنیدن عۆصیان قالدؽردی و ایندی بغدادی نظارت آلتؽنا آلدؽ. اوْ، ۱۴۶۴-جۆ ایلده مغلۇب اوْلدو و میرزه محمد طرفیندن اعدام ائدیلدی. ===یؽخیلمالاری=== جهان شاه‌ؽن حاکیمییتی دؤورونده چوخلو اراضی قازانؽلسا دا، اوْنون حاکیمییتی عۆصیان‌کار اوْغوللاری و ۱۴۶۴-جۆ ایلده قوْودوغو بغدادین دئمک اوْلار کی، مۇختار حؤکم‌دارلاری طرفیندن ناراحات ایدی. ۱۴۶۶-جؽ ایلده جهان شاه [[دیاربکر|دیاربکیری]] آغ قویونلولاردان آلماغا چالؽشدی، اما بۇ، جهان شاه‌ؽن اؤلومو و قاراقویونلو تورکمانلارینین [[اورتاشرق|اورتا شرق دکی]] نظارتینین سۆقوطو ایله نتیجه‌لنن فلاکتلی بیر اۇغورسوزلوق اوْلدو. جهان شاه ۱۴۶۷-جی ایلده [[سنجق دؤیوشو]]نده اؤلدو. قاراقویونلولار دئمک اوْلار کی، محو ائدیلدی. بۇ دفعه حسنلی میرزا حاکیمییته گلدی، لاکین اۇزون حسن طرفیندن اؤلدورولدو.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |author=Orly R. Rahimiyan |entry=Anjuman-i Markazī-yi Tashkīlat-i Ṣiyyonīt-i Irān |editor=Norman A. Stillman |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World |publisher=Brill |doi=10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_000228}}</ref>۱۴۶۸-جی ایلده اۇزون حسنین (۱۴۵۲-۱۴۷۸) حاکیمییتینین ان یۆکسک حده چاتدؽغی دؤورده [[آغ‌قویونلولار]] قاراقویونلولاری مغلۇب ائتدی و عراق، آذربایجان و غربی ایرانؽ فتح ائتدی.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00stea|url-access=limited|last=Stearns|first=Peter N.|author2=Leonard, William|year=2001|publisher=Houghton Muffin Books|isbn=0-395-65237-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00stea/page/n2448 122]}}</ref> ==بیلری== ===بیلیک دورو=== ===بایرام خوجا (۱۳۸۰-۱۳۵۱)=== ائلخانی [[ابو سید باهادور خان|ابوسید باهادورخانؽن]] ۱۳۳۵-جی ایلده اؤلوموندن سوْنرا [[ائلخانیلر|ائلخانی خاندانلؽغینی]] آرا مۆحاریبه‌لری بۆرودو. وضعیت‌ده‌ن ایستیفاده ائدن سۇتایوغوللاری بارؽمبای و حاجؽ توْقای، جلایری بؤیوک شیخ حسنله بیرلشه‌رک حاکیمییتی اله کئچیردیلر. بئله‌لیکله سۇتایوغوللاری واندان [[ارضروم]] و موصله قدر اراضیلری اله کئچیردیلر. چوْخ کئچمه‌دن سۇتایوغوللاری آراسؽندا دا آرا مۆحاریبه‌لری باشلادؽ. بئله کی، بارؽمبایین اوْغلو ایبراهیم شاه اتاسؽنین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا قیام قالدؽراراق [[دیاربکر]] و اطرافؽنی اله کئچیردی. ۱۳۴۳-جۆ ایلده عمیسی حاجؽ توْقایی دا اؤلدوردوکدن سوْنرا ایبراهیم شاه حاکیمییتی تامامیله اله کئچیردی. بۇ مۆباریزلرده قاراقوْیونلولار حاجؽ توْقایین، [[آغ‌قویونلولار]] ایسه ایبراهیم شاهؽن طرفینده ایدیلر. سۇتای اوغللو ایبراهیمشاهؽن ۱۳۵۰-جی ایلده اؤلوموندن سوْنرا سۇتایلی حاکیمییتی ضعیفلدی. ۱۳۵۱-جی ایلده حاکیمییتده اوْنون خلفی حۆسین بَی گلدی.حسین بَی ایسه [[موصول]] جیوارؽندا-ایمادییه‌ آدلؽ یئرده بایرام خوْجا طرفیندن اؤلدورولدو. حاکیمییت بوْشلوغوندان ایستیفاده ائدن بایرام خوْجا وانؽ و موْصولو اله کئچیریر. بایرام خوْجا ائلخانیلرین تامامیله ضعیفلمسیندن ایستیفاده ائتدی آذربایجان و دوغو آنادولودا قاراقوْیونلو حاکیمییتینی گئنیشلندیرمه‌یه باشلادؽ. خؽو عصرین ۷۰-جی ایللرینین سوْنوندا قاراقوْیونلولار بایرام خوْجانین رهبرلیگی آلتؽندا آذربایجانؽن جنۇب-غرب توْرپاقلارینی — خوْیو، ناخچؽوانی، آغکیلسنی و سۆرمه‌لی بؤلگه‌سینی اله کئچیرمیش و جلایری حؤکم‌دارینا وئرگی اؤده‌مکدن ایمتینا ائتمیشدیلر. ارتنالؽلارین دا مغلۇب ائدیلمسییله عرضۇروما قدر بؤیوک اراضیلر قاراقوْیونلولارین علینه کئچیر. ۱۴جی عصرین ۷۰-جی ایللرینین سوْنوندا قاراقوْیونلولارین قۆوتلنمسی اوْنلارلا سرحدده یئرلشن جلایریلری ناراحات ائتمه‌یه باشلامؽشدی. بۇ سببدن سۇلطان حسین جلایری بؤیوک اوْردویلا قاراقوْیونلولارین اۆزرینه هۆجوما کئچدی. جلایری اوْردوسو قارا محمدین حاکیملیک ائتدیی ارجیشی مۆحاصیره‌یه آلدؽ و بایرام خوْجا طرفیندن گؤندریلمیش اوْردونو مغلۇب ائتدیلر. قارا محمد تابعلیلیک گؤسترمه‌یه و آسؽلیلیغی قبۇل ائتدی، باج وئرمه‌یه مجبۇر اوْلدو. بئله‌لیکله جلایری اوْردوسو گئری چکیلدی و باغدادا قایؽتدی. ۱۳۸۰-جی ایلده بایرام خوْجانین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا قارا محمد قاراقوْیونلو حؤکم‌داری اوْلدو. ===قارا محمد(۱۳۸۹-۱۳۸۰)=== قارا محمدین حاکیمییتینین ایلک ایللرینده [[جلایر سولطانلیغی|جلایریلر سۆلاله‌سی]] ایچریسینده آرا مۆحاریبه‌لری باشلادؽ. ۱۳۸۲-جی ایلده شیخ علی قارداشؽ سۇلطان احمد جلایره قارشؽ عۆصیان ائتدی. شیخ علی ایله مۆباریزده ضعیف اوْلدوغونو گؤرن سۇلطان احمد قارا محمددن کؤمک ایسته‌دی. اوْنون بۇ ایسته‌یینی قبۇل ائدن محمد بَی، اوْردوسونون سایجا آزلؽغینا باخمایاراق شیخ علینین اوْردوسونو داغؽتدی. سۇلطان احمد کؤمک عوضینده قارا محمدین حاکیمییتینی تانؽدی و صۆلح باغلاندؽ. قارا محمد سۇلطان احمدین قؽزیلا ائولنه‌رک جلایریلره قوْهوم اوْلدو و اؤز مؤقعیینی داها دا گۆجلندیردی. قارا محمد ۱۳۸۳-جۆ ایلده [[سوریه]] یۆروش ائتمک مجبۇرییتینده قالدؽ. بئله کی، جابه حاکیمی سالیم بَی [[موصول]] حاجؽلارینین یوْللارینی که‌سه‌رک اوْنلاری غارت ائتمیشدی. ۱۲ مینلیک اوْردویلا سالیم به‌یین اۆزرینه هۆجوما کئچه‌ن قارا محمد اوْنو مۆنهدیم ائتدی. سالیم بَی دؤیوشدن قاچدؽ و [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملۆکلره]] سؽغیندی. قارا محمد بۇ دؤیوشدن بؤیوک غنیمت الده ائتدی. داخیلده‌کی چکیشمه‌لری تامامیله آرادان قالدؽرماق اۆچون قارا محمد ایلک نؤبه‌ده قوْنشولاری ایله مۆناسیبتلری یاخشؽلاشدیرماغا باشلامؽشدی. اوْ، ۱۳۸۴-جۆ ایلده ماردین حؤکم‌داری ملیک عیسایا ائلچیلر گؤندره‌رک قؽزینی اؤزونه ایسته‌دی. آنجاق مه‌لیک عیسی بۇ تکلیفی قبۇل ائتمه‌دی. بۇ سببدن قارا محمد مه‌لیک عیسانؽن اۆزرینه هۆجوما کئچه‌رک اوْنو مغلۇبیته اۇغراتدی. مۆقاویمت گؤستره بیلمه‌یجَیینی آنلایان مه‌لیک عیسی باجؽسینی قارا محمدله ائولندیردی. بئله‌لیکله صۆلح سازیشی باغلاندؽ و قارا محمد ارجیشه گئری دؤندو. ۱۳۸۷-جی ایلده آغ قویونلولارین قارشؽسیندا داوام گتیره بیلمه‌ین [[ارزینجان بیلیگی|ارزینجان امیری]] قارا محمددن کؤمک ایسته‌دی. بۇ تکلیفی قبۇل ائدن قارا محمد آغ قویونلو احمد بیی آغؽر مغلۇبیته اۇغراتدی. [[آغ قویونلولار]] قاضی بۆرهانددینین حمایه‌سینه گیرمه‌یه مجبۇر اوْلدولار. ۱۳۸۷-جی ایلده [[ناخجیوان]] یوْلو ایله آنادولویا داخیل اوْلان امیر تیمور، قارا محمدین اوْغوللارین‌دان میصیر خوْجانین علینده اوْلان آونیک قالاسؽنی مۆحاصیره‌یه آلدؽ، اما قالانؽن مؤحکم قوْروندوغونو گؤره‌رک اوْرادا چوْخ قالمادؽ و ایره‌لیلرک [[ارضروم]] دوْغرو یوْلا دۆشدو. ارضروم یاخؽنلیغیندا چاپاقچۇر دؤیوشونده قارا محمد امیر تیمورون قۆوه‌لرینی سؽخیشدیراراق گئری چکیلمه‌یه مجبۇر ائتدی. امیر تیمور داغلارا چکیلمیش قارا محمدی اله کئچیره بیلمه‌یجَیینی باشا دۆشه‌رک وان یوْلونان ایرانا دوْغرو گئتدی. ۱۳۸۸-جی ایلده تیمورون ایرانا دوْغرو گئتمه‌سین‌دن و جلایری امیرلری آراسؽنداکی قارؽشیقلیقدان ایستیفاده ائدن قارا محمد تبریزه یۆروشه باشلادؽ. شهردکی جلایری قارنیزوْنونو مغلۇب ائدن قارا محمد تبریزی اله کئچیردی و اؤز آدؽنا پۇل ضرب ائتدیرمه‌یه باشلادؽ. قارا محمد ۱۳۸۹-جۇ ایلده پیر حسن بَی طرفیندن اؤلدورولدو ===شاهلؽق دؤورو=== === قرایوسوف(۱۴۲۰-۱۳۹۰)=== قارا محمدین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا قارا یوسوف ۱۳۹۰-جؽ ایلده قارا پیر حسن به‌یی اؤلدوره‌رک حاکیمییته گلدی. قارا یوسوف ۲۰ ایل قاراقویونلو خاندانلؽغینا حؤکم‌دارلیق ائتدی. حسن بَی رۇملو اوْنون حاقؽندا یازؽردی:"قارا یوسوف ایبن قارا محمد سوْن درجه جسۇر، کیشی و گۆجلو اوْلموشدور. بئله کی، امیر تیمورلا دفعه‌لرله وۇروشموشدو و سۇلطان احمد جلایرله بیرگه رۇما، اوْرادان ایسه شاما گئتدی قارا محمد [[تبریز|تبریزی]] اله کئچیردیکدن سوْنرا چالؽق بیی شهره حاکیم تعیین ائتدی گئری دؤنموشدو، اما قاراقویونلولارین داخیلینده باشلایان آرا مۆحاریبه‌لری شهرین یئنیدن جلاریلرین علینه کئچمه‌سینه سبب اوْلموشدو. قارا یوسوف ضیدیتلری آرادان قالدؽردیقدان سوْنرا ۱۳۹۱-جی ایلده تبریزه یۆروشه باشلادؽ و شهر یئنیدن قاراقویونلو حاکیمییتی آلتؽنا دۆشدو. قارا یوسوف گئری قایؽتدیقدان سوْنرا جلایری امیرلریندن محمد شهری مۆحاصیره‌یه آلسا دا مۆوفقیتسیزلیکله اۆزلشه‌رک گئری چکیلدی. ۱۳۹۲-جی ایلده قارا پیر حسن بیین اوغلو حسین بَی قارا یوسوفه قارشؽ قیام قالدؽردی. قارا یوسوف اوْنو مغلۇب ائتدیکدن سوْنرا تبریزه گئری قایؽتماغا مجبۇر اوْلدو. بئله کی، قارا یوسوفون باشؽنین حسین به‌یه قارؽشماسیندان ایستیفاده ائدن محمود خالخالی آدلؽ بیر امیر تبریزی اله کئچیرمیشدی. ایکینجی دفعه تبریزه یۆروش ائدن قارا یوسوف شهری آسانلؽقلا اله کئچیردی بۇ ایلده آذربایجانا ۲-جی یۆروشونه باشلایان امیر تیمور ۱۳۹۳-جی ایلده قوزی عراقؽ و [[بغداد|بغدادی]] تۇتدو. قارا یوسوف و سۇلطان احمد امیر تیمورا قارشؽ صۆلح مۆقاویله‌سی ایمضالادؽلار و بیرلشه‌رک ۱۳۹۴-جۆ ایلده بغداد تیمورون اۆزرینه هۆجوما کئچدیلر. بغداد یاخؽنلیغیندا باش وئرمیش دؤیوشده امیر تیمور غالیب گلدی. قارا یوسوفله سۇلطان احمد گئری چکیلدیلر. آونیک قالاسؽنا اۆز تۇتان امیر تیمور قارا یوسوفون قارداشؽ میصیر خوْجانی دا مغلۇب ائده‌رک اسیر گؤتوردو. آونیکی سرکرده‌لریندن آتلامؽش به‌یه وئره‌رک توْختامیشین اۆزرینه یوْللاندی، اما قارا یوسوفی اله کئچیره بیلمه‌دی. امیر تیمورون گئری دؤنمه‌سین‌دن ایستیفاده ائدن قارا یوسوف ۱۳۹۵-جی ایلده ارجیشی گئری آلدؽ. آونیکه هۆجوما کئچه‌رک آتلامؽشی اسیر گؤتوردو. ۱۳۹۹-جی امیر تیمورون یۆروشو قارا یوسوفی یئنیدن گئری چکیلمه‌یه مجبۇر ائتدی. سۇلطان احمد جلایرده اله اوْ ایلده قارا یوسوفین یانؽنا ،موصولا چکیلدی. ۱۴۰۰-جی ایلده مۆتفیقلر عراقدان، مملۆکلره سؽغینماق اۆچون سوریه یا یوْلا دۆشدولر، اما سوریه حاکیمی دمیرتاش اوْنلارین یوْللارینی کسیب [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملۆک]] توْرپاقلارینا داخیل اوْلماغا ایجازه وئرمه‌دی. بۇ ایسه طرفلر آراسؽندا دؤیوشه گتیریب چؽخاردی. باش وئرمیش دؤیوشده دمیرتاش داغؽلاندی و بؤیوک مملۆک سرکرده‌لری مۆتفیقلر طرفیندن مغلۇب ائدیلدیلر بۇ حادیثه‌دن سوْنرا قارا یوسوف و سۇلطان احمد میصیره گئتمه‌یین فایداسؽز اوْلدوغونو باشا دۆشه‌رک عثمانلی سۇلطانینا سؽغینماغا قرار وئردیلر. ایلدؽریم بایزید اوْنلاری قبۇل ائتدی سؽغیناجاق وئردی.سولطان بایزیدین قارا یوسوفا سۇلطان احمده سؽغیناجاق وئرمه‌سی اوْنزودا یاخشؽ وضعیت‌ده اوْلمایان تیموری-عثمانلی مۆناسیبتلرینی یۇخاری حدینه چاتدؽرمیشدی. امیر تیمور مکتۇبلاریندا مۆتفیقلرین یا عثمانلی خاندانلؽغیندان کنارلاشدؽریلماسینی یا دا اؤزونه تحویل وئریلمه‌سینی طلب ائدیردی، اما ایلدؽریم بایزید بۇنو قبۇل ائتمه‌دی قارا یوسوف آنکارا دؤیوشوندن اول عثمانلی توْرپاقلارینی ترک ائتدی سوریه یا گئتدی. اوْرادا مملۆک سولطانی فرج قارا یوسوفی حبس ائتدیردی. امیر تیمورون اؤلوموندن سوْنرا [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملۆکلرین]] سوریه والیسی شیخ المحمۇدی قارا یوسوفی آزاد ائتدی. حتی طرفلر آراسؽندا مملۆک سۇلطانینی دئویرمک حقؽندا مۆتفیقلیک مۆقاویله‌سی‌ده باغلاندؽ. ۱۴۰۵-جی ایلده بیرلشمیش قۆوه‌لر [[میصیر]] یۆروشونه باشلادؽلار، اما مغلۇبیته اۇغرایاراق گئری چکیلدیلر. بئله اوْلدوقدا قارا یوسوف سوریه نی ترک ائتدی و ماردینه اوْرادان دا موْصولا گئتدی. آردؽنجا بیتلیسه یوْلان دۆشن قارا یوسوف شهر حاکیمی شرف اوغلو شمس الدین طرفیندن یاخشؽ قارشؽلاندی. امیر تیمورون اؤلوموندن (۱۴۰۵) سوْنرا ابوبکر میرزا قارا یۇسوفا وۇروشماق اۆچون ناخچؽوانا گلدی. ۱۴۰۶-جؽ ایلده باش وئرمیش [[نخجیوان دؤیوشو (۱۴۰۶)|شنبی-قازان دؤیوشو]] قارا یوسوفون اۆستونلویو ایله سوْنا چاتدؽ و ابوبکر [[سولطانیه|سۇلطانییه]] قاچدؽ. قارا یوسوف ایره‌لیرک تبریزه داخیل اوْلدو. ۱۴۰۸-جی ایلین ۲۱ آوریلینده تبریز یاخؽنلیغینداکی سردرۇد دۆزونده تیمۇری میرانشاه اۆزرینده ۲-جی غلبه قازانؽلدی و بۇنونلا دا تیموریلرین آذربایجانداکؽ حاکیمییتلرینه سوْن قوْیولدو. ۱۴۰۹-جو ایلده ماردین [[آرتوقلو بی‌لیگی|آرتوقلو]] حؤکم‌داری ملیک صالح قارا یۇلوق عثمان بیه قارشؽ قارا یۇسوفدان کؤمک ایسته‌دی. قارا یوسوف عثمان به‌یی مغلۇب ائتدی ماردینی تۇتدو. شهره اؤز سرکرده‌لریندن بیرینی حاکیم تعیین ائتدیلر، ۱۴۰۹-جۇ ایلده آرتۇقلو حاکیمییتینه تامامیله سوْن قوْیدو. بۇندان سوْنرا یایلاغا — آلاداغا گئتدی. قارا یوسوفین آذربایجانؽن گونی توْرپاقلاریندا گئتدیکجه مؤحکملنمسی [[بغداد]] حؤکم‌داری [[سولطان احمد جلایر|سولطان احمد جلارینی]] ناراحات ائدیردی. ۱۴۰۹-جی ایلین ۱۸ دسامبرؽندا سۇلطان احمدین ائلچیسی تبریزه گلمیش و [[همدان]] یایلاغؽنین اوْنا وئریلمه‌سینی قارا یۇسوفدان طلب ائتمیشدی. قارا یوسوف بۇ طلبی رد ائتدی ائلچینی گئری قایتارمؽشدی. بۇنو بهانه ائدن سۇلطان احمد بغدادا قارا یۇسوفین اۆزرینه هۆجوم ائتمک اۆچون حاضؽرلیق گؤردو. ۱۴۱۰-جی ایلین ۳۰ آقوستوندا تبریز یاخؽنلیغینداکی اسد کندی ده باش وئرمیش دؤیوشده قارا یوسوف کئچمیش مۆتفیقلری اۆزرینده غلبه چالاراق عراقؽ دا قاراقویونلو دؤلتینه بیرلشدیردی. بۇ دؤیوشده شیروانشاه ایبراهیمین اوْغلو کیومرثین باشچؽلیغی ایله مۆعین قدر شیروان قوْشونو دا سۇلطان احمده دسته‌ک وئرمیشدی. قارا یوسوف شاه نسلین‌دن گلمه‌دییی اۆچون عادتلره گؤره تاختا چؽخا بیلمه‌زدی. آنجاق قارا یوسوف اولجدن [[پیر بوداق (والی)|پیربۇداغی]] سۇلطان احمده اوْغوللوغا وئردییی اۆچون پیربۇداق اۇشاق یاشؽندا حاکیمییته گلیر، عالی حاکیمییت ایسه آتاسؽندا قالؽر. اما پیربۇداق چوْخ یاشامادؽ، ۱۴۱۳-جی ایلین نوامبر آیؽندا وفات ائتدی. بۇ حادیثه‌دن بیر آی سوْنرا قارا یوسوف خۆطبه‌نی اؤز آدؽنا اوْخوتدوروب، قاراقوْیونلو سلطنت تاختؽنااَیلشمیشدی قارا یوسوفون سۇلطان احمدی آغؽر مغلۇبیته اۇغراداراق اؤز مؤقعیینی داها دا مؤحکملندیرمسی شیروانشاه ایبراهیمی چوخ ناراحات ائتدی. بۇنا گؤره ده، اوْ، شکی حاکیمی سیدی احمد و گۆرجو چارؽ کوْنستانتین ایله ایتیفاق یاراداراق قارا یۇسوفه قارشؽ دؤیوشه حاضؽرلاشمیشدی. قارا یوسوف بۇ حادیثه‌دن خبر تۇتدو و ۱۴۱۲-جی ایلین ۱۷ نوامبرؽندا [[قره باغ|قاراباغا]] گلدی. اوْ، بۇرادان ایبراهیمه ائلچی گوْندریب، اوْنا بارؽشیق تکلیف ائتدی. قارا یۇسوفین بۇ تکلیفی شیخ ایبراهیم و مۆتفیقلری طرفیندن قبۇل اوْلونمادی. قارا یۇوسوف ۱۴۱۲-جی ایلین ۱۹ دسامبئریندا کۆر چایؽنی کئچیب شیخ ایبراهیمی و مۆتفیقلرینی داغؽدیب. شیروانشاه ایبراهیم، اوْنون یئددی اوْغلو، قارداشؽ، مصلحتچیلری و کاخئتییا چارؽ کوْنستانتین اسیر آلؽندی. قارا یوسوف ایبراهیمدن ۱۲۰۰ عراق تۆمنی باج طلب ائتدی. شیروانشاهؽن تبریزده‌کی طرفدارلارؽ بۇ مبلغده مال توْپلاییب وئردیلر. قارا یۇسیف اؽ ایبراهیمی آزاد ائتدیکدن سوْنرا، اوْ، ۱۴۱۳-جۆ ایلین آپرئلینده شیروانا قایؽتدی. قارا یۇسوفین قوْشونو شیروانؽ ترک ائتدی.ایبراهیم شیراوانؽ قارا یۇسوفدان آسؽلی وضعیت‌ده اداره ائتمه‌یه باشلادؽ ۱۴۱۷-جی ایلده شیرواندا ایبراهیمین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا اوْنون یئرینه حاکیمییته اوْغلو ، بیرینجی خلیل الله کئچدی. خلیل الله قاراقوْیونلو حاکیمییتینی تانؽمادی و تیموری سۇلطان [[شاهرۇخ|شاهروخان]] ایتیفاقا گیردی.۱۴۲۰-جی ایلده یاخؽن آداملارؽن‌دان صادؽق بَی آدلؽ بیر نفری مکتۇبلا آذربایجانا گؤندریب قاراقوْیونلو حؤکم‌دارینی ایطاعته چاغؽردی. شاهرۇخون ائلچیسی رد جوابؽ آلدی گئری قایتارؽلدی بۇ جوابؽ بهانه ائدن سۇلطان شاهرۇخ قوْشون یؽغاراق آذربایجانا هۆجوما باشلادؽ. سۇلطان شاهرۇخو قارشؽلاماق اۆچون یوْلا چؽخان قارا یۇسیف یوْلدا — اۇجان شهرینده ۱۳ نوامبر ۱۴۲۰-جی ایلده وفات ائتدی. قارا یوسوف ارجیشده آتاسؽنین و باباسؽنین یانؽندا دفن ائدیلدی. آنجاق بۇ گۆن تۆربه‌سینین یئری بللی دئییل. ===قارا ایسکندر (۱۴۳۶-۱۴۲۱)=== [[File:Coin of Qara Iskander (Kara Koyunlu).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|قارا ایسکندرین آدؽنا ضرب اوْلموش سیکه]] قارا یوسوفدان سوْنرا حاکیمییته گلن قارا ایسکندر بَی، قارا یوسوفون اؤلوموندن ایستیفاده ائتدی فعاللاشان قارا [[قارا یولوق عوثمان بی]] سوریه نین قوزیینده ۱۴۲۱-جی ایلین مارس آیؽندا سینجار دؤیوشونده مغلۇبیته اۇغراتدی. بۇ سببدن عوثمان بَی امیر شمس الدین آدلؽ ائلچیسینی قاراباغدا قؽشلایان سۇلطان شاه‌رۇخون حۆضورونا گؤندردی قاراقوْیونلولارین گۆجلنمه‌سین‌دن شیکایت ائتدی. بۇ خبردن ناراحاتلؽق کئچیرن شاهرۇخ غربه دوْغرو حرکته باشلادؽ. یوْلونون اۆستونده‌کی بایزید قالاسؽنی تۇتدوقدان سوْنرا آلاداغا گئتدی. اوْرادان دا وانا ایسفندیارؽن اۆزرینه هۆجوما کئچدی. اسفندیار ایسه گئری چکیله‌رک [[جیزره|جیزره ده]] اوْلان قارداشؽ ایسکندرین یانؽنا گئتدی.شاهرۇخ وان گؤلو اطرافؽنداکی [[اخلاط]]، عادیلجواز، ارجیش و [[وان|وانؽ]] تۇتدو. قارا یۇلوق عوثمان به‌یین اوْغوللاری علی و بایزید گینه ده آغ قویونلولارین تابع اوْلدوغونو بیلدیردیلر. شرقی آنادولونو تابع ائتدیکدن سوْنرا شاهرۇخ بۇرادان تبریزه گئتمک نییتینده ایدی، اما بۇ اسنادا قارا ایسکندر و ایسفندیارؽن اخلاط و عادیلجواز اطرافؽنا گلدیکلری خبری چاتدؽ. سۇلطان شاهرۇخون یانؽندا اوْلان قارا یۇلوق عوثمان بَی: "قارا یۇسوفون اوْغوللاری تامامیله یوْخ ائدیلمه‌سه‌، بۇ مملکتلرده قایدا-قانۇن قۇرولمایاجاق و بؤلگه‌دکی خالق صۆلحه قوْووشمایاجاغینی" دئیه‌رک شاهرۇخو قاراقوْیونلولارا تحریک ائتدی. شاهرۇخ قاراقوْیونلولارین اۆزرینه ایلیاس خوْجانین باشچؽلیغ ایله قۆوه گؤندردی.۱۴۲۱-جی ایلین آوقوستوندا باش وئرمیش [[آلاشکئرد دؤیۆشو|آلاشکئرد دؤیوشونده]] قاراقویونلولار مغلۇب اوْلدولار. دؤیوشدن سوْنرا قۇزی عراقا چکیلن قارا ایسکندر، شاهرۇخون [[خوراسان|خوْراسانا]] دؤنمه‌سین‌دن ایستیفاده ائتدی آذربایجانؽ یئنیدن اله کئچیردی قارا ایسکندر اوْنا تابعسیزلیک گؤستردی شاهرۇخا تابع اوْلان امیرلری جزالاندؽرماق اۆچون ۱۴۲۲-جی ایلده [[وان گؤلو]] طرفه حرکته باشلادؽ. بیتلیسی مۆحاصیره‌یه آلاراق شهرین حاکیمی شمس الدینین بیر نئچه یاخؽن آدامؽنی قتله یئتیردی. ۱۴۲۳-جی ایلده ایسه یئنیدن هۆجوم ائتدی اخلاطا چکیلن شمس الدینین اؤزونو اؤلدوردو و بیتلیسی مۆحاصیره‌یه آلدؽ. وان حاکیمی ملیک احمدی‌ده خیانتینه گؤره اسیر آلدؽ و حبس ائتدیردی. وان گؤلونون اراضیسی یئنیدن قاراقویونلو حاکیمییتینه تابع ائدیلدی. وان گؤلو و اطرافؽن اراضیلری یئنیدن تابع ائتدیکدن سوْنرا قارا ایسکندر قیصاص آلماق اۆچون شیروانا یۆروش ائتدی. ۱۴۲۷-۱۴۲۸-جی ایللرده شیروانا داخیل اوْلان ایسکندر [[شاماخی|شاماخؽنی]] چاپؽب-تالادی تبریزه قایؽتدی. ۱۴۲۹-جی ایلده [[ابهر]] ، [[قزوین]] و زنجانا یۆروشلر ائتدی. بۇ سۇلطان شاه‌رۇخون آذربایجانا ۲-جی یۆروشونه سبب اوْلدو. ۱۴۲۹-جۇ تبریز و [[اورمیه]] یاخؽنلیغیندا [[سلماس]] دؤیوشونده قاراقوْیونلولار مغلۇب ائدیلدیلر و ایسکندر عرضروما چکیلدی. شاهرۇخ قایؽتدیقدان سوْنرا ایسکندر گئنه بۆتون توْرپاقلاری اؤزونه تابع ائتدی. وان گؤلو و اطرافؽنین اداره‌سینی قارداشؽ [[جهان‌شاه|جهان شاها]] تاپشؽردی. شاهرۇخ گئری قایؽدارکن ابۇ سعیدی اؤزوندن آسؽلی شکیلده قاراقوْیونلو حؤکمداری اعلان ائتدی تاختا اوْتوردو. ۱۴۳۱-جی ایلده قارا ایسکندر گئری دؤندو، ابۇ سعیدی مغلۇب ائتدی و تبریزی یئنیدن اله کئچیردی. ۱۴۳۵-جی ایلده شاهرۇخ آذربایجانا ۳-جۆ یۆروشه باشلادؽ. [[رئی|رئیده]] دۆشرگه سالدؽغی وخت وانداکؽ جهان شاه‌ؽ حۆضورونا دعوت ائتدی. جهان شاه بۇ دعوتی قبۇل ائتدی و رئیده شاهرۇخلا گؤروشدو. ۱۴۳۶-جؽ ایلده جهان شاه‌ؽ آذربایجان تاختؽنا اوْتوزدوران سۇلطان شاهرۇخ گئرییه‌،هئراتا دؤندو.گئری قایؽدان ایسکندر تبریزه هۆجوما کئچدی، حاکیمییتی یئنیدن اؤز علینه آلماغا چالؽشسا دا بۇنا مۆوفق اوْلمادی. موغان والیسی و شیروان امیرلری ایله ایتیفاقا گیرن جهان شاه‌ؽن هۆجومو نتیجه‌سینده علینجه قالاسؽنا چکیلن ایسکندر ائله اوْرادا دا اوْغلو شاه‌قۇبادین خیانتی نتیجه‌سینده اؤلدورولدو. بئله‌لیکله جهان شاه‌ؽن حاکیمییتی اۆچون بۆتون تهدیدلر آرادان قالخدؽ. ===جهان شاه (۱۴۶۷-۱۴۳۶)=== حاکیمییتینی مؤحکملندیردیکدن سوْنرا جهان شاه دؤلتین اراضیسینی گئنیشلندیرمه‌یه باشلادؽ. اوْ، ۱۴۴۰-۱۴۴۴-جی ایلده گورجوستانا یۆروش آپارؽب [[تیفلیسه|تیفلیسی]] تۇتدو. جهان شاه آذربایجاندا بۆتون توْرپاقلاری اؤزونه تابع ائتسه ده، قارداشؽ امیر اصفهان بغداددا اؤزو مۆستقیل حاکیملیک ائتمه‌یه باشلامؽش و اؤز آدؽنا سیکه‌لر وۇردوروراراق مرکزی حاکیمییتله حئسابلاشمؽردی. جهان شاه‌ؽن تیفلیسه هۆجومو ارفه‌سینده امیر اصفهانؽن اؤلوم خبری اوْنا چاتدؽریلدی. گورجوستاندان قایؽتدیقدان سوْنرا بغدادا یۆروشه باشلایان جهان شاه ۱۴۴۶-جؽ ایلین ژۇئنینده بغدادؽ تۇتدو. شهرین اداره‌سینی محمد میرزایا تاپشؽردی تبریزه قایؽتدی ۱۴۴۷-جی ایلده [[صفوی طریقتی]] باشؽنا شیخ جۆنئید کئچدی. جهان شاه طریقت عۆضولرینین چوْخالماسیندان چکینهرک شیخ جۆنئیدین عمیسی شیخ جعفره مۆراجیعت ائتدی جۆنئیدین ۱۴۴۹-جی ایلده آذربایجاندان چؽخماسینی تامین ائتدی. آذربایجاندان چؽخان جۆنئید اۇزون حسنه سؽغیندی. ۱۴۶۰-جؽ ایلده شیخ جۆنئید ۱۰۰۰۰ طرفدارؽ ایله داغؽستانا یۆروش ائتدی. بۇراداکی [[چرکس‌لر]] برینجی خلیل اللاهی شیخ جۆنئیدله دؤیوشه تحریک ائتدیلر. شیخ جۆنئیدله تک مۆباریزه آپارماقدان چکینن خلیل الله قاراقویونلو جهان شاه‌دان کؤمک ایسته‌دی. ۱۴۶۰-جؽ ایلده سامۇرچایین سوْل ساحیلیندکی قؽپچاق کندینین یاخؽنلیغیندا شیخ جۆنئیدله بیرلشمیش قوْشونلار آراسؽندا دؤیوش اوْلدو. باش وئرن وۇروشمادا شیخ جۆنئید اؤلدورولدو، اوْنون مۆریدلری ایسه مغلۇب ائدیلدی ۱۴۴۷-جی ایلده سۇلطان شاهرۇخون اؤلوموندن سوْنرا جهان شاه تیموریلرین حاکیمییتینی قبۇل ائتمه‌دی و مۆستقیل حاکیمییته باشلادؽ. ۱۴۴۷-جی ایلده هۆجوما کئچه‌رک سۇلطانیینی، قزوینی و اصفهانؽ اله کئچیردی. ۱۴۵۲-جی ایلده تیموریلرین مۆتفیقی آغ قویونلولارین اۆزرینه یۆروش ائتدی. جهانگیر میرزا قاراقویونلو حاکیمییتینی تانؽدی و صۆلح مۆقاویله‌سی ایمضالاندؽ غرب سرحدلرینین تحلۆکه‌سیزلی‌یینی تامین ائتدیکدن سوْنرا ۱۴۵۳-جۆ ایلده شرقی ایرانا یۆروشلر ائلییب فارس و [[کیرمان]] ویلایتلرینی تۇتدو. اما قاراقویونلولارین غرب سرحدلرینده یئنی بیر تحلۆکه یاراندؽ. بئله کی،[[اوزون‌حسن]] قارداشؽ جهانگیر میرزانی دئویره‌رک ۱۴۵۲-جی ایلده‌کی صۆلح مۆقاویله‌سینی تانؽمادی. ۱۴۵۷-جی ایلده جهان شاه اوزون حسنین اۆزرینه رستم بین باشچؽلیغی ایله قوْشون گؤندردی. [[ماردین]] یاخؽنلیغیندا دؤیوشده رستم بَی مغلۇب ائدیلدی و اؤلدورولدو. بو مغلۇبیته چوْخ دا اؤنم وئر‌مه‌ین جهان شاه اساس رقیبلری تیموریلر آراسؽنداکی قارؽشیقلیقدان ایستیفاده ائتمه‌یه چالؽشیردی. رئی ده حاضؽرلیقلاری باشا چاتدؽران جهان شاه ۱۴۵۸-جی ایلده گورگان، خارزم، مانقؽشلاق، [[مشهد]] ، نیشاپور و غربی خوراسانی تامامیله تۇتدو. بۇ ایلده چوْخ آسانلؽقنان تیموریلرین پایتختؽ هئراتا داخیل اوْلدو. قارشؽسیندا ساده‌جه [[ماوراءالنهر]] حاکیمی تیموری ابوسعید قالمؽشدی. آنجاق بۇ وخت اوغلو حسنلینین عۆصیان قالدؽراراق تبریزی تۇتماسی و پیربۇداغین بغداددا عۆصیان خبری اوْنا چاتاندا، ابوسعیدله صۆلح مۆقاویله‌سی باغلادؽ و خوْراسانی تیموریلره سازیشلنیب تبریزه قایؽتماغا مجبۇر اوْلدو. جهان شاه حسنلینین و پیربۇداغین عۆصیانلارینی یاتؽردی. حسنلی [[ماکو]] قالاسؽنسا حبس اوْلوندو، پیربۇداق ایسه اعدام ائدیلدی جهان شاه ۱۴۶۶-جؽ ایلده آغ قویونلولاری تابع ائتمئک اۆچون بؤیوک اوْردو ایله تبریزدن حرکت وردی واندا دۆشرگه قۇردو. اۇزون حسن جهان شاه‌ؽ ۱۲ مین سۆواری ایله قارشؽلاییردی. اوْردوسونون آز اوْلماسینا باخمایاراق اوزون حسن ایستراتئژی اهمییتلی قایالؽق و کئچیدلری تۇتموشدو. جهان شاه دؤیوشون چتین و بؤیوک ایتکیلر حئسابؽنا باشا گله‌جه‌یینی بیلیردی. هم‌ده قؽش اوْلدوغو اۆچون اوْردونو یایلاغا گؤندردی، اؤزو ایسه مۇشدا — سنجق آدلؽ یئرده قالدؽ. بۇندان ایستیفاده ائدن اۇزون حسن ۱۴۶۷-جی ایلین نوامبر آیؽندا جهان شاه‌ؽن دۆشرگه‌سینه هۆجوما کئچدی و اوْنو اؤلدوردو. ==اوردو نیظاملاری== [[File:Weapons and armors of Aqqoyunlu and Qaraqoyunlu wariors in Museum of History of Azerbaijan.jpg|thumb|150px|right|قاراقویونلو و آغ قویونلو دؤیۆشچۆلرینه عایید زیره و سیلاحلار]] قاراقویونلولاردا اوْردو سارایؽن ایختیارؽنداکی قوْشوندان و آیرؽ-آیری ویلایتلرده یاشایؽب، یالنؽز مۆحاریبه واختؽ یؽغیلیب اؤز باشچؽلاری ایله بیرلیکده حؤکم‌دارین کؤمه‌یینه یوْللانان دؤیوشچو دسته‌لریندن ، "چریکلردن" عیبارت اوْلموشدور. قوْشونلاردا هم [[سوواری]] ، هم‌ده [[پیاده (قوشون نؤوعو)|پیادا]] حیصّه‌لر واردؽ. حؤکم‌دارین آسؽلیلیغیندا اوْلان امیرلرین هامؽسی امر آلان کیمی اطراف یئرلردن قوْشون توْپلاماغا باشلایؽردیلار کی، بۇ، [[یاساق]] آدلاناردؽ. یاساقدان اؤترو ایالتلره امیر و یۆزلرله مۆلازیم گؤندریلیردی. منقلای قوْشونون اؤن حیصّه‌سینه دئییلیردی. منقلایؽن دا "برنغار" و "جوانغار"اؽ اوْلوردو. منقلایدا مینلرله دؤیوشچو وۇروشوردو، چۆنکی منقلایؽن هۆجومونون و دؤیوشون سوْنراکی گئدیشی اۆچون بؤیوک اهمییتی واردؽ. دؤیوش باشلانمازدان اول اوْردونون مۆعیین بیر دسته‌سی کشفییاتا گؤندریلیر و همین دسته "قاراوول" آدلانؽردی. قاروولا مشهۇر امیرلر رهبرلیک ائدیردی. قاروولون وظیفه‌سی دۆشمنین وضعیتینی اؤیرنمک و مۆمکون اوْلدوقدا اسیر اله کئچیریب گینه قایؽتماق ایدی '''اوْردو''' سؤزو '''لشکر'''، '''قوْشون'''، اوْردونو تشکیل ائدن عسگرلر ایسه '''مۆلازیم'''، '''عسگر'''، '''قۇللوقچو'''، '''نؤکر'''، دیلاور''' آدلاندؽریلدیلار. دؤیوشچولره ایللیک مواجیب وئریلیردی کی، بۇ دا اوْردو دیوانؽ — دیوان-ای لشکر طرفیندن ایجرا ائدیلیردی سیلاحلار آراسؽندا قؽلینج، خنجر، اوْخ ، کامان ، تۆفنگ ، بالتا، گۆرز و قالاداغؽدان سیلاحلار — '''ره‌اده‌'''، '''مانجاناق''' دا واردؽ. سیلاحلار سیلاح آنبارؽندا ، قۇرخانا ده ساخلانؽلیر و قۇرخانه‌یه خۆصوصی باشچؽلار، یعنی "جببدارلار" رهبرلیک ائدیردیلر. دؤیوشچولرین اکثریتی زیرئهلی ایدیلر. "کجیم" آدلؽ اؤرتوک‌ده دؤیوش لیباسلارؽ سؽراسینا داخیل ایدی. دؤیوشه شئیپۇر ، ناغارا ، گبرگه ، تبیل و بایراقلا یوْللانیردیلار. هوجوم واختؽ کرنای ، غلبه چالؽناندا ایسه ناغارا سسلندیریلردی. دؤیوش زامانؽ ساواش قۆوه‌لرین بیر حیصّه‌سی ائحتیاطدا دۇرور، دؤیوشو مۆشاهیده ائدیر و لازؽم اوْلدوقدا دؤیوش میدانؽنا چؽخیردیلار ساواش گؤزلنیلن واخت اراضیلره '''ایستیمالتنامه''' گؤندریلیب، مۆکافات ود ائدیلیردی کی، قوْشون توْپلانیشی سۆرعتلندیریلسین. ویلایتلرده یاشایان امیر و فئوداللار فرمان آلان کیمی اؤز دسته‌لری ایله کؤمه‌یه گلیر، یالنؽز ساواش قۇرتاراندان سوْنرا گئری قایؽدیردیلار. ==مدنیت== [[File:Blue_Mosque_(Tabriz)_General_view.jpg|thumb|تبریزده‌کی گؤی مسجید جهان شاه‌ؽن حیات یوْلداشی طرفیندن تاسیس ائدیلمیش وقف واسیطه‌سیله هیجری ۸۷۰-جی ایلده (میلادی ۱۴۶۵٫۱۴۶۶) اینشاسؽنا باشلانؽلمیش و ۱۴۶۵-جی ایلین اکتیابرؽندا تاماملان‌مؽش‌دیر. ]] قاراقوْیونلو حؤکم‌دارلاری حیاتلارؽنین چوْخ حیصّه‌سینی ساواشلاردا کئچیرسه‌لر‌ده علمه و صنعته اؤنم وئرمیشلر. قاراقویونلولاردان اول بیر مۆدت [[جلایر سولطانلیغی|جلایر]] و تئیموری جانیشینلرین مرکزی اوْلان [[تبریز]]ده چوْخلو صنعت‌کارلار، شاعرلر و عالیملر فعالیت گؤستریردی. ۱۴۶۰-۱۴۸۰ ایللری آراسؽ چکیلمیش قاراقویونلو مینیاتۇرو. قارا یۇسیف بۆتون دۆشمنلرینه غالیب گلدیکدن سوْنرا صنعت‌کارلارؽن، شاعر و عالیملرین تبریزدن آیرؽلماماسی اۆچون اوْنلارا شرایط یاراتدؽ و اوْنلار فعالیتلرینی یئنیدن داوام ائتدیردیلر. قاراقوْیونلو حؤکم‌دارلاری معمارلؽق ساحه‌سینه دقت یئتیریدیلر، اوْنلارین واندا، تبریزده و باشقا اراضیلرده تیکدیردیکلری معمارلؽق اوْبیئکتلری ایندی‌ده قالماقدادؽر. بۇنلاردان جهان شاه‌ؽن تبریزده اینشا ائتدیردییی [[گؤی مسجید (تبریز)|گؤی مسجید]] ، جهان شاهؽن حیات یوْلداشی بَییم خاتۇنون مدرسه و عیمارتی، وانداکؽ اۇلو مسجید، اصفهانداکؽ جۆمعه مسجیدی قاراقوْیونلولارین دینی معمارلؽغینین ان گؤزل اؤرنکلریدیر. ===معمارلؽقلاری=== {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=350|caption_align=center | align = right | direction =horizontal | header= | image1 = Darb-e Imam northern gate (Qara Qoyunlu period).jpg | caption1 = اصفهان، [[درب ایمام]]ؽن شیمال ایوانؽ، ۱۴۵۳. کیچیک یاشؽلیمتیل گۆنبز [[صفوی]] علاوه‌سیدیر. | image2 = Great Mosque of Yazd (Jame mosque of Yazd),Yazd, Iran (مسجد جامع یزد) - panoramio (1).jpg | caption2 = ۱۴۵۷-جی ایلده جهان شاه طرفیندن مریمّت ائدیلمیش یزد جامیع مسجیدینین شرق ایوانؽ }} جهان شاه باتؽ ایراندا بیر سؽرا معمارلؽق تؤهفه‌لری ایله تانؽنیر. اصفهانداکؽ دربی ایمامؽن شیمالی ایوانؽ اوْنا عائید ائدیلیر. اوْ، بینانؽ شهری فتح ائتدیکدن ایکی ایل سوْنرا، ۱۴۵۳-جۆ ایلده سیفاریش ائتمیش و تقدیس ائتمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Durand-Guedy |first1=David |title=Isfahan during the Turko Mongol period (11th-15th centuries) |date=1 January 2018 |publisher=Brill |page=2999 |url=https://www.academia.edu/47904668/Isfahan_during_the_Turko_Mongol_period_11th_15th_centuries_| quote=The entrance of Darb-i Imām, commissioned by Jahān-Šāh Qara-qoyunlu in 857/1453}}</ref> دروازا کافئل بزکلرینین شاه اثری و بۇ جۆر ایشلرین ان یاخشؽ نۆمونه‌لریندن بیری حئساب اوْلونور.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Durand-Guedy |first1=David |title=Isfahan during the Turko Mongol period (11th-15th centuries) |date=1 January 2018 |publisher=Brill |page=2999 |url=https://www.academia.edu/47904668/Isfahan_during_the_Turko_Mongol_period_11th_15th_centuries_| quote=The entrance of Darb-i Imām, commissioned by Jahān-Šāh Qara-qoyunlu in 857/1453{{nbsp}}... In Isfahan, the Darb-i Imām, commissioned by Jahān-Šāh Qara-qoyunlu in 857/1453 to contain the tombs of Ibrāhim Baṭḥā and Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, is a masterpiece of tile decoration}}</ref> دروازادا جهانشاهؽن حاکیمییتینی و اوغلو محمدین یئرلی والیلیینی قید ائدن فارسجا یادؽقار بیر یازؽ وار: "ان بؤیوک اراضینین حؤکم‌داری، ان قۆدرتلی اراضینین آغاسؽ و دۆنیانین سۇوئرئن قوْرویوجوسو ابوالمظفر میرزا جهانشاه، الله اوْنون اداره‌چیلی‌یینی ابدیلشدیرسین، بۇ ایالتین هؤکومتینی شاهزاده‌نین قایغؽسینا و رهبرلییینه، محمد ابوالفتح محمدین دینینین سۆتونلارینین دایاغؽنا حواله ائتدیکده‌".<ref>{{cite web |title=DARB -E EMĀM |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/darb-e-emam/#prettyPhoto |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref>جهانشاه هابله ۱۴۵۷-جی ایلده یزد [[جامع مسجیدی|جامع مسجیدینین]] دوْغو گیریش ایوانؽندا آپارؽلان مریمت ایشلری ایله تانؽنیر. گیریش قاپؽنؽن مرکزینده جهانشاهؽن آدؽنا حصر اوْلونموش بیر یادیقار وار: "بۇ اۇجا تقین قۇرولوشو ۸۶۱-جی ایلین زیلحجه آیؽندا ابوالمظفر سۇلطان [[جهان شاه]]، نیظام الدوله ولدین الحج قنبرین حاکیمییتی دؤورونده برپا ائدیلمیشدیر." بۇ تؤهفه‌نین خۆصوصیله گیریش مۆقرنه‌لری ایله علاقه‌لی اوْلدوغو دۆشونولور.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Golombek |first1=Lisa |last2=Wilber |first2=Donald Newton |title=The Timurid Architecture of Iran and Turan, Vol. 1 |url=https://archive.org/details/timuridarchitect0002golo |date=1988 |publisher=Princeton Univ. Pr |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0691035871 |page=416 |quote=9. Dhu’l-Hijjah 861 /October 1457 (p. 126, 3/4). Mosaic faience surrounding the rectangular frame of the doorway of the portal: “. . . the structure of this lofty arch (taf) was restored during the reign of . . . Abu’l-Muzaffar Sultan Jahanshah, Nizam al Dawlah wa’l-Din al-Hajj Qanbar, in Dhu’l-Hijjah 861. Written by Muhammad al-Hakim.” The vault in question is probably the muqarnas of the portal.}}</ref>[[File:Blue Mosque of Tabriz, Iran.jpg|thumb|left|upright|گؤی مسجؽدین ایچری نیماسؽ]] تبریزده‌کی گؤی مسجید جهانشاهؽن حیات یوْلداشی طرفیندن قوْیولموش تملله اینشاسؽنا باشلانؽلمیش و ۱۴۶۵-جی ایلده باشا چاتدؽریلمیشدیر.مسجیدین جنۇبوندا بیر چؽخینتی عمله گتیرن مقبره‌نین اؤزونون تیکینتیسی آغ قوْیونلولارین حاکیمییتی دؤورونده ۱۴۸۰-جی ایللره قدر داوام ائتمیشدیر. گیریش قاپؽسیندا جهانشاهؽن آدؽنا یادیقار بیر کیتابه‌ده وار.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Burch, Heike |author2=Burch, Gerd |url=https://www.leben-pur.ch/en/iran-tabriz-and-the-blue-mosque/ |title=Iran - Tabriz and the Blue Mosque |work=Leben pur! On the way |publisher=MOLIRI |location=Münchenwiler, Switzerland |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=18 March 2025 |format=includes extensive images of the mosque |archive-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427124216/https://www.leben-pur.ch/en/iran-tabriz-and-the-blue-mosque/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2025-12-05 |archivedate=2025-04-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427124216/https://www.leben-pur.ch/en/iran-tabriz-and-the-blue-mosque/ }}</ref> == ایندیکی قاراقویونلولار == قاشقائیلردن بیر ائل قالیر و شاهسونلردن بیرائل باغدادین شاهسون ائلیندن بیرائلی قاراقوینلولارداندی قاراقوینلولار صفویه زامانیندا شاهسون ائلی اولدولار و صفویه لَره کمک ائتدیلر. ایندی اربیلده و کرکودا و نچه یرلرده قاراقوینلولار واردیلار. ==بیرده باخ== *[[پیر بوداق (والی)]] *[[آرتوقلو بی‌لیگی]] == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:Tour d'Erivan.jpg File:Argavand Funerary Tower3.JPG File:Argavand Funerary Tower4.JPG </gallery> == قایناقلار == [[بؤلمه:آذربایجان تاریخی]] [[بؤلمه:تاریخی دؤولتلر]] [[بؤلمه:تورک تاریخی]] [[بؤلمه:اوغوزلار]] excftyv2z4yzsg12uj4es5mkruakuaw 0 4803 1590760 1587762 2026-07-15T11:31:21Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | title = 1st [[خاقان]] of the [[موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]{{سخ}}(Supreme [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the [[Mongols]]){{سخ}}[[King of Kings]] | image = YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait.jpg | caption = Genghis Khan as portrayed in a 14th-century [[Yuan era]] album; the original version was in black and white. Original size is 47 cm wide and 59.4 cm high. Paint and ink on silk. Now located in the [[National Palace Museum]], [[تایپه]]، [[تایوان]]. | succession = 1st [[خاقان]] of the [[موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | reign = Spring 1206 – ۱۸ اوت ۱۲۲۷ | coronation = Spring 1206 in a [[kurultai]] at the [[اونون چایی]]، [[موغولیستان]] | full name = [[File:Cinggis qagan.svg|right|26px|alt=ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ]]Genghis Khan{{سخ}}[[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Mongol]]: Чингис хаан{{سخ}}''Chinggis Khaan''{{سخ}}[[Mongol script]] (right):{{سخ}}''Chinggis Khagan''{{refn|{{zh|t=成吉思汗|w=Ch'eng²-chi²-szu¹ Han⁴|p=Chéngjísī Hán|first=t}}|group="note"}} | birth_name = Temüjin{{refn|{{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|m|u:|dʒ|ɪ|n}};{{سخ}}{{lang-mn|Тэмүжин}} ''Temüjin'' {{IPA-mn|tʰemutʃiŋ||Temujin.ogg}};{{سخ}}{{lang-xng|''Temüjin''}};<ref>{{cite journal |year=1959 |title= Central Asiatic Journal|journal=Central Asiatic Journal |volume=5 |page=239 |publisher=O. Harrassowitz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjjjAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref>{{سخ}}{{zh|t=鐵木真|s=铁木真|w=T'ieh³-mu⁴-chen¹|p=Tiěmùzhēn|first=t}}|group="note"}} | successor = [[Ögedei Khan]] | spouse = [[Börte|Börte Üjin Khatun]]{{سخ}}Yisui{{سخ}}Kunju Khatun{{سخ}}[[Khulan (wife of Genghis Khan)|Khulan Khatun]]{{سخ}}[[Yesugen|Yesugen Khatun]]{{سخ}}[[Yesui|Yesulun Khatun]]{{سخ}}Isukhan Khatun{{سخ}}Gunju Khatun{{سخ}}Abika Khatun{{سخ}}Gurbasu Khatun{{سخ}}Chaga Khatun{{سخ}}Moge Khatun | issue = [[Jochi]]{{سخ}}[[Chagatai Khan|Chagatai]]{{سخ}}[[Ögedei Khan|Ögedei]]{{سخ}}[[Tolui]]{{سخ}}others | house = [[Borjigin]] | father = [[Yesügei]] | mother = [[Hoelun]] | birth_date = likely 1162<ref name="birth" /> | birth_place = [[Khentii Mountains]], Mongolia | death_date = August 18, 1227<ref>{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Ratchnevsky|title=Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy|url=https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanhisli0000paul|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=1991|isbn= 0-631-16785-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanhisli0000paul/page/142 142]|quote=It is possible, however, to say with certainty that Genghis Khan died in August 1227; only in specifying the actual day of his death do our sources disagree.}}</ref> (aged {{circa|65}}) }} '''چنگیز خان''' ـ بؤیوک [[موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو|موغول ایمپراتورلوغو]]<nowiki/>نون قوروجوسو. == آنادان اولماسی == اونون دونیایا گلمه‌سینی ودونیادان گئتمه‌ینی بیرکیمسه بیلمیر آمّا نئچه ایل اختلافلا یازیلیب بعضیلری ۱۱۵۵ یا ۱۱۶۲ یا ۱۱۶۷ یازیبلار کی او دونیایا گلدی و بیلینمیر کی نئجه بؤیودو و اوشاقلیغی نئجه ایدی. == اوشاقلیغی == بئله بیلینیر کی اونون آتاسی تورکلر الینده اؤلدو و تورکلر اونون آتاسین اؤلدوروب و ائلین قیردیلار. اونون آتاسی [[اویغور تورکلر]]ی ایله وروشدو و [[اویغورلار]] اونلاری اؤلدوردولر. آتاسی یسوگی موغوللارین قیرات ائلینین سرکرده‌سی ایدی. قیرات یا کیناد ائلی یازیلیب کی تورکلرین یوردونا و اؤلکه‌سینه یورودولر و ایسته‌دیلر [[کاشقار|کاشغر]]ی آلسینلار آمّا اویغورلار اونلاری اؤلدوروب و اونلارین ائللرینده قیرغین سالدیلار. موغوللار داغلارا کؤچدولر و یئرلرینی اویغورلار آلدیلار آمّا نئچه ایل سونرا تیموچین موغوللارین باشچیسی اولدو و آتاسی یسوگینین قانین آلماغا کاشغره یوروش ائتدی. چنگیزین آتاسی اؤلندن سونرا آونگ خان موغوللارین باشچیسی اولدو و چنگیزی بؤیوتدو. چنگیز آونگ خانین قوشونوندا یاخشی وروشدو آمّا قیراتلار ایسته‌دیلر کی آونگ خان باشچیلیغی چنگیزخانا کی یاسوگی‌نین اوغلو ایدی قایتارسین آمّا آونگ خان اونلارین سؤزونه باخمادی و چنگیز آونگ خانی شکست وئردی. آونگ خان کاشغره قاچدی و اوردا اونو اؤلدوردولر. چنگیزخان نئچه دفعه اویغورلارلا وروشدو و اونلاری شکست وئردی. اونا گؤره بوتون موغوللار ۱۲۰۶-نجی میلادی ایلده(۶۰۲) قورولتای‌دا چنگیزخانی موغوللارین بؤیوک خانی ائتدیلر و اونون آدینی چنگیز قویدولار. چنکیز یا دونگیز یا تنگیز دونیا معناسی وئریردی یانی تنگیزخانی (دنیاخانی) تنگیز یا دونگیز موغول دیلینده اؤلکه و دونیا معناسی وئریر. == دونگیزخانی == چنگیز یا تنگیزخان موغوللاری بیر قوشوندا بیرلشدیردی و باشچیلاری ایشدن سالدی و اونلارین یرئینه اؤز باشچیلارینر قویدو و باشچیلارا یوز باشی، مین باشی و اون باشی درجه‌سی وئردی و قوشونون هره‌سینه بیر نیظامدا ایش وئردی. او کاشغری آلدی و [[چین]] چؤللرینه گئتدی و قوشونون چین چؤلونده چوْخالتدی. اونون اوغوللاری اونون یولون گئتدیلر و نوه‌سی هلاکوخان آتاسینین دئدیگینه گؤره تورکلری دوشمان بیلدی. باشدا تورکلری قیرماغا باشلادی آندذایچدی کی هاردا بیر تورک گؤرسه اونو اؤلدورسون آمّا سوندا بۇ ایشدن ال چکدی و تکجه تورکلرین قوللوغونو و آوارا اولماغینی ایسته‌دی. او تورکلری کاشغرده [[اورومچی|اورومچو]]دا و گوبی چؤلونده قیردی و اونلار چین حؤکومتینه گئتدیلر. او چینده، [[منچوری]]ده و تبتده اولان تورکلری قیردی و سوندا سلجوق تورکلرینین و اوغوز تورکلرینین یوردونا ال آتدی و اوغوز تورکلرینی اؤلدوردو. سوندا [[اوشار]]لارین یوردونا گئتدی و نیشابوردا بوتون اوشارلاری قانا بویادی. تورکلرین دالیسیجا [[خوراسان]]دا و کیرماندا قیرغین سالدی و آراگی تورکلرین آراگ (ری) و [[قوم]]دا و [[همدان]]دا اؤلدوردو. سوندا باتی آراگی‌لری [[اربیل]]ده و [[بغداد]]دا اؤلدورمک اۆچون گئتدی و [[آذربایجان]]دا قوتتی و ماننا تورکلرین اؤلدوردو و [[کاشان]]دا کاسان تورکلرین قیرماقا باشلادی. [[آنادولو]]دا و گوموشقایادا([[دمشق]]ده) بوتون تورکلری قیلینجدان گئچیردی و دوغو [[اوروپا]]دا باشقیر و قیبچاق و هونقاریا تورکلرینه دانوب چایینین بویوندا یورودو. اونلار تورکلرین بوتون یوردلارین آلدیلار آمّا سوندا تورکلر اونلارین اؤلکه‌لرینده قول اولدولار و بئله اولدو کی تورکلر اونلارین حؤکومتینی اله کئچیریب و بوتون باشچیلاری تورکلردن اولدولار. == موغوللار وکاسان (غازان) تورکلری == کاسان تورکلری قبول ائتدیلر کی موغوللار اگر اونلاری اؤلدورمه‌سه اونلارا قول اولسونلار و بئله اولدو کی موغوللار کاساندا ([[قزوین]]ده) بیر قصرصاحبی اولدولار. کاسان تورکلری موغول باشچیلارین کازوین یا غازوینه گتیردیلر و اورادا وزیرلر و ایش گورنلر کاسان یا غازان تورکلریندن اولدولار. بئله‌لیکله هلاکو اؤلندن سونرا ارخون غازان تورکلرینه باغلی اولدو و ارخون اؤز قارداشلارینین وروشماسیندا غازان تورکلریندن یاردیم ایسته‌دی وحؤکومت غازان یا کاسان تورکلرینین الینه دوشدو. == اؤلومو== تیموچینین اؤلومو تاریخده بللی اولماییب. تاریخ اونا گؤره هئچ زاد بیلمیر اونون ۴ اوغلو وار ایدی: جوجی، جغتای، اوگتای و تولی. هلاکو تولی خانین اوغلو ایدی. == نوتلار== {{Notefoot}} == قایناقلار== === وب‌سایتلار=== {{قایناق}} === کیتابلار === {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Hildinger |first=Erik |title=Warriors Of The Steppe: Military History Of Central Asia, 500 BC To 1700 AD |year=1997 |publisher = [[Da Capo Press]] |location=Cambridge, England |isbn = 978-0-7867-3114-5 }} * {{Cite book|last=Jacobs|first=Steven L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Q30HcvCVuIC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA247&hl=en|title=Encyclopedia of Genocide: A-H|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-87436-928-1|volume=1|location=Santa Barbara|pages=247-248|language=en|chapter=Genghis Khan|editor-last=Charny|editor-first=Israel W.}} * {{Cite book|last=Jonassohn|first=Kurt|last2=Björnson|first2=Karin Solveig|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Q30HcvCVuIC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA276&hl=en|title=Encyclopedia of Genocide: A-H|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-87436-928-1|volume=1|location=Santa Barbara|pages=275-277|language=en|chapter=Genocides During the Middle Ages|editor-last=Charny|editor-first=Israel W.}} * {{cite book |last=Lane |first=George |title=Genghis Khan and Mongol Rule |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn = 978-0-313-32528-1 |url = https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanmongo00geor }} * {{cite book |last=Man |first=John |author-link = John Man (author) |title = Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection |url=https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanlifed0000manj |year=2004 |publisher=Bantam Press |location=London, England; New York, NY |isbn = 978-0-593-05044-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Ratchnevsky |first=Paul |translator = Thomas Nivison Haining |editor = Thomas Nivison Haining |title = Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy [Čingis-Khan: sein Leben und Wirken] |url=https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanhisli0000paul |year=1991 |publisher=B. Blackwell |location = Oxford, England; Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn = 978-0-631-16785-3 }} {{Refend}} == آرتیق اوخو == {{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes|viaf=100172770}} * {{cite book |last=Brent |first=Peter |title=The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan: His Triumph and His Legacy |year=1976 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn = 978-0-297-77137-1 |url-access=registration |url = https://archive.org/details/mongolempiregeng0000bren }} * {{cite book |last=Bretschneider |first=Emilii |title=Mediæval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources; Fragments Towards the Knowledge of the Geography & History of Central & Western Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/medivalresearche0000emil |series=This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of an 1888 edition by Trübner & Co., London. |year=2002 |location= |publisher=Adamant Media Corporation |isbn = 978-1-4021-9303-3 }} * {{cite book |last1=Cable |first1=Mildred |first2=Francesca |last2=French |title=The Gobi Desert |year=1943 |publisher=Landsborough Publications |location=London, England }} * {{cite book |last = Chapin |first = David | year = 2012 | title = Long Lines: Ten of the World's Longest Continuous Family Lineages | website = VirtualBookWorm.com |location = College Station, Texas | isbn = 978-1-60264-933-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Charney |first=Israel W. |title = Genocide: A Critical Bibliographic Review |year=1994 |publisher=Facts on File Publications |location=New York, NY }}<!-- Volume number?--> * {{cite book |last=Farale |first=Dominique |title=De Gengis Khan à Qoubilaï Khan : la grande chevauchée mongole |series=Campagnes & stratégies |year=2002 |publisher=Economica |location=Paris, France |isbn = 978-2-7178-4537-2 |language= fr }} * {{cite book |last=Farale |first=Dominique |title=La Russie et les Turco-Mongols : 15 siècles de guerre |year=2007 |publisher=Economica |location= Paris, France |isbn = 978-2-7178-5429-9 |language=fr }} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Genghis Khan |encyclopedia=Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia |publisher=World Almanac Education Group |year=2005 |url = http://www.historychannel.com/thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=210250 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060113174030/http://www.historychannel.com/thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=210250 |archive-date=January 13, 2006 |access-date=May 22, 2008 }} via the [[Internet Archive]]'s copy of the [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] website. * {{cite web |last=Smitha |first=Frank E | title=Genghis Khan and the Mongols |work=Macrohistory and World Report | url = http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h11mon.htm |access-date=June 30, 2005 }} * {{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |title=Mongols, Huns & Vikings'' |url=https://archive.org/details/mongolshunsvikin0000kenn |year=2002 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=978-0-304-35292-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Kradin |first1=Nikolay |author1-link=Nikolay Kradin |first2=Tatiana |last2 = Skrynnikova |title=Imperiia Chingis-khana (Chinggis Khan Empire) |year=2006 |publisher=Vostochnaia literatura |location=Moscow, Russia |isbn = 978-5-02-018521-0 |language = ru }} (summary in English) * {{cite journal |last1=Kradin |first1=Nikolay |first2=Tatiana |last2 = Skrynnikova |title = Why do we call Chinggis Khan's Polity 'an Empire' |journal = Ab Imperio |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2006 |pages = 89–118 |id = 5-89423-110-8 |doi=10.1353/imp.2006.0016}} * {{cite book |last=Lamb |first=Harold |author-link=Harold Lamb |title=Genghis Khan: The Emperor of All Men |year=1927 |publisher=R. 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Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, Vol. XXVII |editor = Sheila S. Blair |year=1995 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-727627-3 |title-link=Jami' al-Tawarikh }} * {{cite book |last=Rashid al-Din Tabib |title=The Successors of Genghis Khan (extracts from Jami' Al-Tawarikh) |series=[[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]]: Persian heritage series |translator=John Andrew Boyle from the Persian |year=1971 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York, NY |url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109217551 |isbn=978-0-231-03351-0 |access-date=2020-05-03 |archive-date=2011-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914113019/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109217551 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |title = The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century [Yuan chao bi shi] |url = https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofm0002unse |series=Brill's Inner Asian Library vol. 7 |translator = [[Igor de Rachewiltz]] |year=2004 |publisher=Brill |location= [[Leiden]], [[South Holland]]; Boston, MA |isbn = 978-90-04-13159-0 }} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * {{بریتانیکا|229093|Genghis Khan (Mongol ruler)}} * {{In Our Time|Genghis Khan|b00773mr|Genghis_Khan}} *Welcome to [http://www.coldsiberia.org/ The Realm of the Mongols] *Parts of this biography were taken from the [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mntoc.html Area Handbook series at the Library of Congress] *[http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Mongol Estimates of Mongol warfare casualties] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040813232348/http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/genghis/ Genghis Khan on the Web] (directory of some 250 resources) *[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2378 The History of Genghizcan the Great, First Emperor of the Antient Moguls and Tartars]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/jan/26/genghis-khan-eco-warrior Why Genghis Khan was good for the planet]. ''[[The Guardian]].'' January 26, 2011. *[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140310-genghis-khan-mongols-mongolia-climate-change "Genghis Khan's Secret Weapon Was Rain"], ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'', Roff Smith, March 10, 2014 {{آریت}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Borjigin|House of Borjigin]] (1206–1635)||{{Circa|1162}}||1227}}[[File:Borjigit 1.png|24px]] {{S-reg}} |- {{S-bef|before=[[Hotula Khan]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Khamag Mongol|''Khagan'' of Khamag Mongol]]|years=1189–1206}} {{S-non|reason=<span style="font-weight: normal;">Khamag Mongol ended,<br />succeeded by [[موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]</span>}} |- {{S-new|reason=Mongol Empire established}} {{S-ttl|title=''[[خاقان]]'' of the [[موغول ایمپیراتورلوغو]]|years=1206–1227}} {{S-aft|after=[[تولی خان]]<br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">As regent</span>}} {{S-end}} {{Khagans of Mongol Empire}} {{Mongol Empire}} {{Yuan Emperors}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:چنگیزخان]] [[بؤلمه:۱۲۲۷-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] knzz7e44yi7owok11v4z15lzauvoqty 0 4911 1590597 1585100 2026-07-14T17:37:17Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شهر |شهرین آدی=کرکوک |شهرین شکیل آدی=Kirkuk 1.jpg |شکلین اولچوسو =280px |شهرین بایراغی= |شهرین گئربی= |شهرین خریطه‌سی= |بایراغین اولچوسو= |گئربین اولچوسو= |خریطه‌نین اولچوسو= <!--شهرین خریته اوزرین‌ده ایشاره‌لهنمه‌سی--> |pushpin_map =عراق |pushpin_label_position= |lable =کرکوک |name =کرکوک |pushpin_mapsize = 280 |latd = 35|latm = 28|lats =00|latNS = N |longd =44|longm =19|longs =00|longEW = E |اولکه={{عراق-بایراق}} |بولگه= |اساسی قویولوب= |ایلک آدی= |ساحه= |اهالی=864,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=- World Gazetteer : Kirkūk |url=http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1245642976&men=gpro&lng=fr&des=gamelan&geo=-1901&srt=aepn&col=abcdefghimoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=451714439 |accessdate=2013-02-13 |archivedate=2022-08-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820053409/http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1245642976&men=gpro&lng=fr&des=gamelan&geo=-1901&srt=aepn&col=abcdefghimoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=451714439 }}</ref> |اهالی ایل=2003 |سوی و دیل= تورکمان [[آذربایجان تورکجه‌سی]]، [[کوردجه]]، [[عربجه]]، [[آشور دیلی|آسوریجه]] |مذهب و دین=موسلمان سنی و شیعه، مسیحی |اهالی سیخینتی سی= |نقلیات واسیطه‌سی کودو= |تئلئفون کودو= |پوچت ایندئکسی= |ایجرا باشچی‌سی= |ایجرا نوماینده‌سی= |بلدیه باشچی‌سی= |قوبئرناتور= |پرئزیدئنت= |اینتئرنئت سایتی= |ساعات قورشاغی= }} '''کرکوک'''، [[عراق]] جومهوریتی‌نین شهرلریندن‌دیر کی [[کرکوک اوستانی]]ندا یئرلشیبدیر. کرکوک شهری [[کرکوک بؤلگه‌سی]]نین مرکزی دیر. بۇ شهر ۲۰۰۳-جی میلادی ایلینده ۷۵۵٬۷۰۰ نفر جمعیتی واریمیش. شهر گونئی‌دن ۲۵۰ کیلومتر [[بغداد]]ان آرالی‌دیر. == نفت == کرکوک [[عراق]]ین منابع باخیمیندان غنی مراکزلریندن دیر کرکوکون نفتی [[عراق]]ین 40 درصد ذخیره اوْلموش نفتین اوزونه اختصاص وئریب. کرکوکون اصلی نفت قویولارین [[باباگرگر]] آدیلا تانیدیلیر. آیری بیر نفت اوْلان مرکزلردن:جمبور، بای حسن جنوبی و شمالی، آفانا، خباز، جبل بور و خرماله ده واردیلار. کرکوکون نفت مساله‌سی ایندیلکده [[عراق]] جومهوریتی‌نین و [[خودمختار بارزانی اقلیمی]]دن داوا دیر و هر بیری چالیشیرلار کرکوک منطقه‌سین اله کئچیردیب و کرکوک منطقه‌سی‌نین نفتیندن بهره آپارالار. بونلارا باخمایاراق ایندی کرکوک منطقه کورد پیشمرگه نیرولارین الینده‌دیر. رسمی باخیمیندان عراق دولتی بۇ قسمتی عراقدان بیلیب و [[خودمختار بارزانیه اقلیمی]]نه وئریلمه‌ییب. کرکوکون اونملی و گوزل طبیعی اتفاقلاریندان [[باباگرگر]] منطقه‌سینده یانان اوت یئر اوزونده گورولورو بۇ اتفاق گاز منبع لرین نشتی ائتمه سیندن نفت حوزه لرینده یارالانیر بۇ اتفاق کرکوک دا سونسوز اوت آدلانیر. == محله‌لر == [[file:Karte von Türkmeneli.jpg|thumb|left|250px| عراق تورکمانیستانی]] کرکوک شهرین اصلی محله لری :<ref>{{Cite web |title=كركوك، تصويري دقيق پيش از انفجار<!-- عنوان تصحیح شده توسط ربات --> |url=http://www.mediya.net/xeber/kurdistan-kerkuk.htm |accessdate=2013-02-06 |archivedate=2010-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215110430/http://mediya.net/xeber/kurdistan-kerkuk.htm }}</ref> * تورکمان‌محله لری: مصلی، بیریادی، بلاغ، معلمین، راه بغداد، تسعین، قوریا، عرفه، قصاب خانا، الماس، ۱أذار، الحی العسکری * کورد محله لری: رحیم‌آباد ، شورجه، آزادی، اسکان، بلاخ، قوریه و ماموستائیان. * عرب‌محله لری: کارگرلر منطقه لری ، بیرنجی حزیران منطقه سی، نصر و عروبه منطقه سی، القادسیة، غرناطه * آشوری محله لری: شاطرلو، عرفه، الماس == قارداش شهرلر == {|class="wikitable" ! style="background:#811541" | <span style="color:white;">تاریخ</span> ! style="background:#811541" | <span style="color:white;">اؤلکه</span> ! style="background:#811541" | <span style="color:white;">قارداشلیق شهرلری</span> |- |۲۰۱۲ |{{تورکیه-بایراق}} |[[قونیه]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=http://www.kurdpress.com/Fa/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=36676#Title= |accessdate=2013-02-08 |archivedate=2014-04-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410155427/http://www.kurdpress.com/Fa/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=36676#Title= }}</ref> |} == قايناق == <references/> {{تورکمان ائلی}} [[بؤلمه:عراق شهرلری]] [[بؤلمه:عراقین تورکمان شهرلری]] miba3ki6w70ueeye6weq0kipy8wtzdm 0 5287 1590641 1587378 2026-07-15T07:10:16Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = یامچی |native_name = یامچؽ |settlement_type = شهر |image_skyline = یامچی.jpg |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = یامچؽ شهریندن نئچه گؤرونتو | nickname = |pushpin_map = Iran |mapsize = 150px |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}} |subdivision_type1 = [[ایران اوستانلاری|اوستان]] |subdivision_name1 = [[شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی]] |subdivision_type2 = [[ایران بؤلگه‌لری|بؤلگه]] |subdivision_name2 = [[مرند بؤلگه‌سی]] |subdivision_type3 = [[بؤلوم (اؤلکه بؤلمه‌لری)|بؤلوم]] |subdivision_name3 = [[یامچی بؤلومو]] |leader_title = Governor (acting) |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2016 Census |population_total = ۱۰،۱۹۲ نفر<ref name="2016 East Azerbaijan Province"> {{Cite web |:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان آذربایجان شرقی |title=General Population and Housing Census 2016: East Azerbaijan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_03.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113123618/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_03.xlsx |archive-date=13 November 2020 |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = [[ایرانین رسمی ساعاتی]] |utc_offset = +۳:۳۰ |timezone_DST = [[ایرانین رسمی ساعاتی]] |utc_offset_DST = +۴:۳۰ |coordinates = {{Coord|38|31|21|N|45|38|24|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |website = |area_code = |footnotes = }} '''یامچؽ''' — ({{lang-fa|یامچی}}) [[شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی]]نین، [[مرند بؤلگه‌سی|مرند بؤلگه‌سی]]نین، [[یامچی بؤلومو]]نده شهر. == آد == یامچی آدی یام کلمه‌سی و چی شکیلچی‌سینین بیرلشمه‌سیندن عمله گلیب‌دیر. یام کلمه‌سی اورتا [[چینجه]] کؤکنلی بیر کلمه اولاراق؛ اصلی واریانتی ژان شکلینده‌دیر. بو کلمه زان بیچیمینده [[موغول دیلی]]نه؛ بو دیلدن ایسه یام بیچیمینده [[تورک دیل‌لری]]نه کئچمیشدیر. چی شکیلچی‌سی ایسه [[تورک دیل‌لری]]نده بیر آدین سونونا یاپیشاراق؛ بیر شخصین پئشه‌سینی، مشغولیتینی و یا بیر شئیه اولان باغلیلیغینی بیلدیریر. یامچی سؤزجوگو ایسه چاپار و یاخود چاپارچی دئمک‌دیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wiktionary|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yamçı}}</ref><ref>جلالی عزیزیان، حسن (۱۳۷۸). تاریخ مرند. مشهد: موسسه فرهنگی و انتشاراتی گوهر سیاح. صص. ۸۱–۸۲. شابک ۹۶۴-۹۰۵۵۵-۶-۸.</ref> == طبیعی دوروم == === جغرافیا === يامچى، [[تبریز]]دن ۸۰ کیلومتر قوزئی‌ده، [[مرند]]-[[جولفا]] یولونون غربینده و [[مرند]]-[[خوی]]-[[بازرگان]] ترانزیت یولونون شیمالیندا یئرلشیر. بو شهر بؤلگه‌نین مرکزی [[مرند]] شهریندن ۱۵ کیلومتر اوزاقلیقدادیر. یامچی شهری ۳۸ درجه و ۳۰ دقیقه‌دن ۳۸ درجه و ۳۲ دقیقه‌یه قدر شیمالی ان‌لر و ۴۵ درجه و ۳۷ دقیقه‌دن ۴۵ درجه و ۳۹ دقیقه‌یه قدر شرقی اوزونلوق‌لار آراسیندا یئرلشیب و دنیز سویون‌دان اورتالاما اوجالیغی تخمیناً ۱٬۲۰۰ متردیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=دنیز سویه‌سیندن یوکسکلیک و جغرافیایی ائن و اوزونلوغون بلیرتمه‌سی|url=https://www.bahesab.ir/map/geographic/}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == اتنیک، دیل و دین == بو شهرین اهالیسی [[آذربایجان تورکلری|تورک]]دورلر و [[آذربایجان تورکجه‌سی|تورکجه]]‌نین یامچی لهجه‌سینده دانیشیرلار. شهر اهالیسی دینی باخیم‌دان [[شیعه]] [[موسلمان]]‌دیرلار. === یامچی لهجه‌سی === بعضی قایناق‌لارا اساساً بو لهجه [[شبستر بؤلگه‌سی]] ایله [[مرند بؤلگه‌سی]]نین بیر چوخ یئرینده یایغین اولاراق؛ [[خوی بؤلگه‌سی]]نین [[ائواوغلو]] شهرینده ده یایغین‌دیر. بو لهجه داها چوخ [[اوردوباد]] و [[ناخچیوان]] لهجه‌لری ایله بنزردیر. یامچی لهجه‌سینده گؤرونن خصوصیت‌لردن بیریسی کلمه‌نین اورتاسینداکی "آ" صائیتینین "اَ" صائیتینه چئویریلمه‌سی‌دیر. اؤرنک اولاراق قابلاما یئرینه قَبلَمه (qəbləmə)، قاپاق یئرینه (qəpəq) و قارداش یئرینه قَردَش (qərdəş) دئییلیر. بو لهجه‌ده فعل‌لرین تلفظو [[تبریز لهجه‌سی]] قدر اوزون اولماسا دا قاراداغ لهجه‌سینه گؤره داها اوزوندور و بو باخیم‌دان بو ایکی لهجه آراسیندا یئر آلیر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ایشیق: درآمدی بر لهجه‌شناسی زبان ترکی آذربایجانی/ دوقتور فیروز رفاهی – فصل دوم: دسته‌بندی لهجه‌های ترکی آذربایجانی|url=https://ishiq.net/məqalə/7142/درآمدی-بر-لهجه%E2%80%8Cشناسی-زبان-ترکی-آذربای.html}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == ایقتیصادیات == شهر اهالیسی اساساً کند تصرفاتی ایله مشغولدورلار. بو شهرده ان چوخ یئتیشدیریلن محصول‌لاردان [[اصل پوسته|پوسته]]‌دیر.<ref>خاماچی، بهروز (۱۳۷۰). فرهنگ جغرافیایی آذربایجان شرقی. تهران: سروش (انتشارات صدا و سیما)، صفحه ۵۲۵.</ref> == شهرین گؤرونوشو == {{پانوراما|Yamchi city.jpg|1800px|یامچی شهرینین گؤرونوشو}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{مرند بؤلگه‌سی}} {{شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی}} [[بؤلمه:ایران]] [[بؤلمه:مرند بؤلگه‌سی]] [[بؤلمه:مرند بؤلگه‌سی‌نین شهرلری]] [[بؤلمه:دوغو آذربایجان اوستانی‌نین شهرلری‎‏]] d6hvlmwz0f2sufi243oc9ai2ikw9yws 0 5449 1590656 1579008 2026-07-15T07:48:01Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ویکی‌پئدیا:یازی قایدالاری}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = یوم کیپپور ساواشی | partof = [[عرب-اسراییل موحاریبه‌سی]] و [[سویوق ساواش]] | image = Bridge Crossing.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = Egyptian forces crossing the Suez Canal on October 7 | date = اوْکتوبر ۶–۲۵، ۱۹۷۳ | place = Both banks of the [[سوئز کانالی]], [[Golan Heights]] and surrounding regions | casus = [[ايسرائيل]]'s [[retention]] of territory taken from [[میصر]] و [[سوریه]] in [[آلتی گونلوک ساواش]] | territory = {{Bulleted list | The Egyptian army occupied the eastern coast of the [[سوئز کانالی]] with the exception of the Israeli crossing point near [[Deversoir Air Base|Deversoir]].<ref name=Morris2011p437>Morris, 2011, Righteous Victims, p. 437</ref> | The Israeli army occupied {{Convert|1600|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of territory on the southwestern coast of the [[سوئز کانالی]], within {{Convert|100|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} from Cairo, and encircled an Egyptian enclave in the east bank<ref name=Morris2011p437/> | The Israeli army occupied {{Convert|500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the Syrian Bashan, on top of the [[Golan Heights]], which brought it within {{Convert|30|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} of [[دمشق]].<ref name=Morris2011p433>Morris, 2011 p.433, "Bashan ... 500 square kilometers ... which brought it within 20&nbsp;miles of Damascus"</ref> }} | result = Egyptian victory{{refn|See <ref>{{cite book |last=Herzog |title=The War of Atonement |url=https://archive.org/details/warofatonementoc00herz |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |year=1975}}. Foreword.</ref><ref name="autogenerated450">Insight Team of the London ''Sunday Times'', p. 450.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Luttwak |last2=Horowitz |title=The Israeli Army |url=https://archive.org/details/israeliarmy0000lutt |place=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Abt Books |year=1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Rabinovich |title=The Yom Kippur War |url=https://archive.org/details/yomkippurwarepic0000rabi |publisher=Schocken Books |year=2004 |page=[https://archive.org/details/yomkippurwarepic0000rabi/page/498 498]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Revisiting The Yom Kippur War |url=https://archive.org/details/revisitingyomkip00pkum |first=PR |last=Kumaraswamy |pages=[https://archive.org/details/revisitingyomkip00pkum/page/1 1]–2 |isbn=978-0-7146-5007-4 |date=March 30, 2000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |last2=Tierney |title=Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics |pages= 177, 180}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Charles |last=Liebman |url=http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/10011.pdf |format=PDF |title=The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=29 |date=July 1993 |publisher=Frank Cass |place=London |page=411 |issue=3 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507055718/http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/10011.pdf |archivedate=May 7, 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>"Israel's victory came at the cost of heavy casualties, and Israelis criticized the government's lack of preparedness." [http://www.history.com/topics/yom-kippur-war#FWNE.fw..yo007800.a YOM KIPPUR WAR] at [http://www.history.com/ history.com]</ref><ref>"The 1973 war thus ended in an Israeli victory, but at great cost to the United States." [https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/arab-israeli-war-1973 The 1973 Arab-Israeli War] at [https://history.state.gov/ website] of [[Office of the Historian]]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Simon Dunstan|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-glXraIMt8gC|title=The Yom Kippur War: The Arab-Israeli War of 1973|page=205|isbn=9781846032882|date=2007-09-18}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Siniver2013p6">{{cite book|author=Asaf Siniver|title=The Yom Kippur War: Politics, Legacy, Diplomacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GS4DBQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-933481-0|page=6|quote=(p. 6) "For most Egyptians the war is remembered as an unquestionable victory- militarily as well as politically ... The fact that the war ended with Israeli troops stationed in the outskirts of Cairo and in complete encirclement of the Egyptian third army has not dampened the jubilant commemoration of the war in Egypt." (p 11) "Ultimately, the conflict provided a military victory for Israel, but it is remembered as 'the earthquake' or 'the blunder'"}}</ref><ref name="Bickerton2012p128">{{cite book|author=Ian Bickerton|title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jf5GAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|date=2 February 2012|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-2872-0|page=128|quote="the Arab has suffered repeated military defeats at the hand of Israel in 1956, 1967, and 1973"}}</ref><ref name="Kumaraswamy2013p184">{{cite book|author=P.R. Kumaraswamy|title=Revisiting the Yom Kippur War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_YrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA184|date=11 January 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-32888-6|page=184|quote=(p. 184) "Yom Kippur War ... its final outcome was, without doubt, a military victory&nbsp; ... " (p. 185) " ... &nbsp;in October 1973, that despite Israel's military victory"}}</ref>}} * Political gains for Egypt and Israel<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/360505/how-we-used-do-it-mario-loyola|title=How We Used to Do It – American diplomacy in the |last=Loyola|first=Mario|date=7 October 2013|work=[[National Review]]|page=1|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> * 1978 Camp David Accords | combatant1 = '''{{بایراق|ايسرائيل|size=22px}}''' ''دئستکلئدی'': * {{بایراقچه|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری}} [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1TkFQgzp5cC|title=Revisiting the Yom Kippur War|last=Kumaraswamy|first=P. R.|date=2013-01-11|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781136328954|location=|pages=235|language=en}}</ref> | combatant2 = {{Plain list| * '''{{بایراق|میصر|۱۹۷۲}}''' * '''{{بایراق|سوریه|۱۹۷۲}}'''}} '''[[#Other countries|Expeditionary forces]]:''' * {{بایراق|اوردون}} * {{بایراقچه|عراق|1963}} [[Ba'athist Iraq|عراق]] * {{بایراق|عربیستان}}<ref name="O'Ballance">{{cite book |last=Edgar O'Ballance|title=No Victor, No Vanquished: The Yom Kippur War|edition=1979|pages=28–370 |publisher=Barrie & Jenkins Publishing|isbn=978-0214206702}}</ref> * {{بایراقچه|لیبی|1972}} [[Libyan Arab Republic|لیبی]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://theaviationist.com/2013/06/24/iaf-f-4-vs-nk-mig21/#|title=An unknown story from the Yom Kippur war: Israeli F-4s vs North Korean MiG-21s|work=The Aviationist|date=June 24, 2013|accessdate=June 27, 2015}}</ref> * {{بایراق|تونیس}} * {{بایراق|الجزاییر}} * {{بایراق|مراکش}}<ref name=tobji>{{cite book|title=Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006|year=2006|publisher=Fayard|location=107|isbn=978-2213630151|author=Mahjoub Tobji}}</ref> * {{بایراق|کوبا}}<ref name="Perez, Cuba p. 377-379">Perez, Cuba, ''Between Reform and Revolution'', pp. 377–379. Gott, Cuba, ''A New History'', p. 280.</ref> ''Supported by'': * {{بایراقچه|شوروی}} [[شوروی]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gacKmnNCTygC|title=Inside the Kremlin During the Yom Kippur War|last=Israelyan|first=Victor|date=2010-11-01|publisher=Penn State Press|year=|isbn=0271041188|location=|pages=101|language=en}}</ref> | commander1 = {{Plain list| * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} '''[[Golda Meir]]''' * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Moshe Dayan]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[David Elazar]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Israel Tal]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Shmuel Gonen]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Yitzhak Hofi]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Binyamin Peled]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Haim Bar-Lev]] * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Albert Mandler]]{{KIA}} * {{بایراقچه|ايسرائيل}} [[Ariel Sharon]]}} | commander2 = {{Plain list| * {{بایراقچه|میصر|1972}} '''[[انور سادات]]''' * {{بایراقچه|سوریه|1972}} '''[[حافظ اسد]]''' * {{بایراقچه|میصر|1972}} [[احمد اسماعیل علی]] * {{بایراقچه|سوریه|1972}} [[مصطفی طلاس]] * {{بایراقچه|میصر|1972}} [[Saad El Shazly]] * {{بایراقچه|سوریه|1972}} Yusuf Shakkour * {{بایراقچه|میصر|1972}} [[Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy|Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy]] * {{بایراقچه|سوریه|1972}} [[Ali Aslan]] * {{بایراقچه|سوریه|1972}} Omar Abrash{{KIA}}}} | strength1 = {{Plain list| * 375,000–415,000 troops * 1,700 tanks<ref>Insight Team of the London ''Sunday Times'', p. 372–373.</ref> * 3,000 armored carriers * 945 artillery units<ref name=100mm>The number reflects artillery units of caliber 100&nbsp;mm and up</ref> * 440 combat aircraft}} | strength2 = '''Egypt''':{{Plain list| * 650,000–800,000<ref>{{cite book |last=Herzog |page=239}}</ref> troops (200,000 crossed)<ref>{{cite web|title=Yom Kippur War|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military///world/war/yom-kippur.htm|website=globalsecurity.org}}</ref> * 1,700 tanks (1,020 crossed) * 2,400 armored carriers * 1,120 artillery units<ref name=100mm/> * 400 combat aircraft * 140 helicopters<ref>Shazly, p. 272.</ref> * 104 Navy vessels * 150 surface to air missile batteries (62 in the front line)<ref name="Haber & Schiff, p 30 31">Haber & Schiff, pp. 30–31.</ref>}} '''Syria''':{{Plain list| * 150,000 troops * 1,200 tanks<br>800–900 armored carriers * 600 artillery units<ref name=100mm/>}} '''Expeditionary Forces'''*:{{Plain list| * 100,000 troops * 500–670 tanks<ref>{{cite book |last=Bar-On |first=Mordechai |title=A Never Ending Conflict |publisher=Greenwood Publishing |year=2004 |page=170}}</ref> * 700 armored carriers}} '''Cuba''':{{Plain list| * 1,500<ref name="Perez, Cuba p. 377-379"/>–4,000<ref>[[Peter Bourne|Bourne, Peter G.]] (1986). ''Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro''. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company.{{Page needed|date=September 2012}}</ref> troops}} '''Morocco''':{{Plain list| * 5,500 troops<ref name=temps>{{cite news|title=Le jour où Hassan II a bombardé Israël |url=http://letempsmag.com/Articles/14/Le+jour+o%C3%B9+Hassan+II++a+bombard%C3%A9+Isra%C3%ABl/568 |accessdate=25 December 2013 |newspaper=Le Temps |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191251/http://letempsmag.com/Articles/14/Le%2Bjour%2Bo%C3%B9%2BHassan%2BII%2B%2Ba%2Bbombard%C3%A9%2BIsra%C3%ABl/568 |archivedate=October 14, 2013 |df= }}</ref> * 30 tanks<ref name=temps/> * 52 combat aircraft<ref name=temps/>}} '''Saudi-Arabia:'''{{Plain list| 3,000 troops}} '''Total:'''{{Plain list| * 914,000–1,067,500 troops * 3,430–3,600 tanks * 3,900–4,000 armored carriers * 1,720 artillery units * 452 combat aircraft * 140 helicopters * 104 navy vessels * 150 surface to air missile batteries}} | casualties1 = {{Plain list| * 2,521–2,800<ref>Journal "الأهرام","Al Ahram". 14 October 1974</ref> dead * 7,250<ref>{{cite book |last=Rabinovich |title=The Yom Kippur War |page=497}}</ref>–8,800 wounded * 293 captured * 1,063 tanks destroyed, damaged or captured * 407 armored vehicles destroyed or captured * 387 aircraft destroyed<ref>"القوة الثالثة، تاريخ القوات الجوية المصرية." ''Third Power: History of Egyptian Air Force'' Ali Mohammed Labib. pp. 187</ref>}} | casualties2 = {{Plain list| '''Egypt:''' 5,000–15,000 dead * 8,372 captured}} '''Syria:'''{{Plain list| * 3,000–3,500 dead * 392 captured}} '''Iraq:'''{{Plain list| * 278 dead * 898 wounded<ref name="Dunstan, p. 200">Dunstan, p. 200.</ref> * 13 captured}} '''Jordan:'''{{Plain list| * 23 dead * 77 wounded<ref name="Dunstan, p. 200"/>}} '''Morocco:'''{{Plain list| * 6 captured}} ---- '''Total casualties:'''{{Plain list| * 8,000–18,500 dead * 18,000–35,000<ref>Rabinovich p. 497</ref> wounded * 8,783 captured * 2,250–2,300 tanks destroyed * 341–514 aircraft destroyed * 19 naval vessels sunk}} | notes = }} [[File:Bridge Crossing.jpg|thumb|left|300px|مصر عسگرلری سوویش قانالینی کچرکن]] '''' یوم کیپپور موحاریبه‌سی ''' (عربجه: حرب أكتوبر​ حرب تشرین، اوریت دیلی : מלחמת יום הכיפורים) و یا '''رمضان موحاریبه‌سی ''' ، '''دؤردؤنجو عرب-اسراییل موحاریبه‌سی ''' اولاراق دا بیلینیر.دؤرد عرب دولتی ایله اسراییل آراسیندا ۶-۲۶ اوْکتوبر ۱۹۷۴ ایلینده [[یوم کیپپور]] ماحالینده باشلایان موحاریبه دیر.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1989/PSJ.htm</ref> == ساواش‌دان قاباق سیاسی دوروم == ۱۹۶۷ عرب-اسراییل موحاریبه سیندن سونرا بوتون اومیدلرینی [[بیرلشميش میللتلر]] مشاوره‌لرینه و آمریکا سووئت روسیاسی موزاکیره لریندن گؤزله‌یَن عربلر مساله‌نین حل ائدیله‌مه‌یه‌جگینی آنلامیشلار و اومیدسیزلیگه دوشموشلر. بو حادیثه‌لر سونوجوندا عرب اولکه‌لری مساله‌نین بوتونلوکله موجادیله ائتمک اولدوغونو گوروشونده بیرلشدیلر. اولده مصر، سوریه و اردن اولماق اوزره عرب اولکه‌لری عسگری حاضیرلیقلارینی آرتتیرمایا باشلادیلار.دیگر عرب اولکه‌لری ده مصر، سوریه و اردن‌ا دستئک اولدولار.<ref name="au.af.mil">{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/pmi/1973.pdf |accessdate=2012-09-11 |archivedate=2011-04-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429000750/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/pmi/1973.pdf }}</ref><ref name="au.af.mil"/> == اوردوسال حاضیرلیقلار == ۱۹۷۷ موحاریبه سیندنده یئنیلن مصر،سوریه و اردن، موحاریبه دن سونرا ساتین آلدیقلاری سیلاه و وسایتلر له اوردولارینی یئنیدن تجهیز ائتدیلر و تشکیلاتلاندیردیلار.اسراییل ایسه عرب اولکه‌لرینه قارشی آمریکا و فرانسه‌دن موْدرن سیلاح و تجهیزات ساتین آلدی و اؤز ایمکانی ایله سیلاح ایستحصالاتینا باشلادی. مصر، کانالی کئچمه چتینلیکلری سببیيله سۇلاردان کئچمه تحصیللرینه آغیرلیق وئریردی. اسراییل ایسه، کانالین درحال شرقینده 1967-جی ایلدن بری گۆجلندیردیگی "بار لئو خطتی" ایله بۇ سئقمئنتده ايلندیرمه مۇحاریبه‌لریله لازیم اوْلان زامانی قازاناجاغینی و بۇ مدت ایچینده سۇریه-لبنان سئقمئنتینده‌کی عرب اوْردولارینا هۆجوم ائده‌رک بۇنلاری سۆرعتله دؤيوش خاریجی بۇراخاجاغینی اۆمید ائدیردی. مصر ایله سۇریه آراسینداکی اۇزاقلیغین 300 کم. اوْلماسی و مصر-اسراییل آراسیندا کانال ایله صحرا مؤوجودلوغو ایسراییله داخیلی خط مانوراسینی تطبیق ایمکانینی وئریردی. ایسراییل؛ گوْلان تپه‌لری، ایوْردانیيا چايی قرب ياخاسی، غزه شئریدی و شرم ال شیخ اۆزرینده‌کی ایستکلریندن گۆذشته وئرمیردی. بۇنون اۆزرینه صۆلح سيلریندن اۆمیدینی کسن مصر دؤولت باشچیسی انورسادات ایله سۇریه دؤولت باشچیسی اسد، 1 آوریل 1973ده گؤروشه‌رک ایسراییله قارشی تطبیق اوْلوناجاق عسگری حرکات پلانلاری حاقیندا فیکیر بیرلیگی تامین ائتدیلر. مصر و سۇریه دؤيوش حاضیرلیقلارینی گیزله‌يه بیلمک اۆچون، 1973 پايیز تطبیقاتلاری‌نین دیامئترینی بؤيوک تۇتدولار و مانور ماسکاسی آلتیندا بیرلیکلرین يێغیناقلارینی تاماملادیلار، سفربرلیک اعلان ائتمه‌دن احتیياطلاریم سلاح آلتینا آلدیلار. مصر و سۇریه‌ده اوْلان سوْوئت حربی قۇللوقچولاری‌نین و اوْنلارین عائله‌لری‌نین هاوا يوْلو ایله تخلیه‌سی‌نه شۆبهه‌لنن اسراییل، 6 اوْکتيابر 1973 ساعت 03.00 'ده اسراییل سلاحلی قۆووتلریندن هيجانا کئچیردی.<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm |accessdate=2012-09-11 |archivedate=2009-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116071541/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm }}</ref> == ساواش == موحاریبه حقوقی اولاراق مصر،سوریه و اسراییل آراسیندا اولدو آمّا دیگر بوتون عرب اؤلکه لری سوریه و مصرا مالی،سیاسی و حربی یاردیمدا بولوندولار.موحاریبه دن اوول مصر آسکری ساییسی ۳۰۰ ۰۰۰ ، سوریه نین ۱۵۰ ۰۰۰ عومومی ۴۵۰ ۰۰۰ ایکن،ایسرایلین آسکر ساییسی ۱۰۵ ۰۰۰ ایدی.لاکین اسراییل سفربرلیک ایلان ادرک آسکر مؤوجودییه تینی ۳۰۰ ۰۰۰ ه چیخاردی.مصر و سوریه ایسرایللیلرنی ان بویوک بایرامی اولان '''یوم کیپپور '''و کوتلادیغی کؤن ۶ اکتایبر ۱۹۷۳ ساعت ۱۴:۰۰ دا هوجوم اسراییل تورپاقلاریندا هوجوم ائتدیلر.موحاریبه نین باشلاریندا مصر سوویش قانالیندان،سوریه ایسه گولان تپه لریندن هوجوما گچتیلر،سوریه آسکرلری قوزئی ایسرایله هوجوم ائتدیلر.مصر آسکرلری ایسه سوییش قانالینی و سینا چولونو گچتیلر.اما عرب دولتلرینین اؤستؤنلوغو اوزون سؤرمئدی.بوتون جپه لردن هوجوما گچن اسراییل اؤنجه سوریه و اوردون اودولارینی ماغلوپ اتدی دحا سونرادا مصرین لیمانلارینی بومباردمان اتدی.اسراییل آسکرلری سینا یاریم آداسی نی آشاراق مصر تورپاکلارینین ایچلرینه قادار ایلرلدیلر.قوزئی ده ایسه، سورییه سرحدلرینی آشان اسراییل قووه لری،گولان تپه لرینی ایشقال ائتدیلر و سوریه تورپاقلاریندا ۲۰ کم درینلیغینده،۴۰ کم گئنیشلیغینده کی آراضی یی ائله کچیردیلر.مصر قووه لری ایسه اسراییل اوردوسونو قاحیره نین ۵ کم قادار اوزاغیندا دوردورابیلدی.بو اسنادا آرایا بیرلشمیش میللتلر گیردی و آتشکس قاراری نؤماییش اتدی(یاییملادی).باشلاردا اسراییل آتشکس قارانی قابول اتمدی لکین [[سووئت‌لر بیرلییی]]نین باسقیسی سونوجو اسراییل آتشکسی قابول اتدی. == عرب اسراییل ساواشی‌نین سونوج‌لاری == عرب اسراییل موحاریبه سینین سونوندا عرب دولتلری ایسرایلی دستکلین اؤلکه لره پترول(نفت) آمباکوسو اتدی.امبارکو سونوجوندا دونیا دا کی نفت فیاتلاری ارتیش گؤستردی و بنزین سیخینتیسی اولدو. == قایناق‌لار == <references/> [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۳-جو ایلده میصر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۳-جو ایلده ایسرائیل]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۳-جو ایلده سوریه]] iiiqx15mxw3gxbiw8jc2v32ct8tmh59 0 9083 1590646 1584790 2026-07-15T07:24:14Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 5 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country in Northern Europe}} {{Coord|57|N|25|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = لتونی جمهوریتی | common_name = Latvia | native_name = {{Unbulleted list|{{native name|lv|Latvijas Republika}}|{{Native name|ltg|Latvejas Republika}}|{{Native name|liv|Lețmō Vabāmō}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Latvia.svg | alt_flag = Flag of Latvia | image_coat = Coat of arms of Latvia.svg | symbol_width = 100px | alt_coat = Coat of arms of Latvia | national_anthem = {{Native name|lv|[[Dievs, svētī Latviju!]]|nolink=yes}}<br />("God Bless Latvia!"){{parabr}}{{اوْرتا|[[File:Latvian National Anthem.ogg]]}} | image_map = EU-Latvia.svg | map_caption = {{Map caption|location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[اوروپا بیرلیگی]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Latvia.svg}} | capital = [[ریقا]] | coordinates = {{Coord|56|57|N|24|6|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[لاتیش دیلی|لاتیش]]^a | languages_type = Recognized languages | languages = [[لیوون دیلی|لیوون]]<br />[[لاتقالی دیلی|لاتقالی]] | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list | 63.0% [[لاتیش‌لار]] | 24.2% [[Russians in Latvia|Russians]] | 3.1% [[Belarusians in Latvia|Belarusians]] | 2.2% [[اوکراینالی‌لار]] | 1.9% [[لتونی‌ده لهیستان‌لی‌لار|Poles]] | 1.1% [[لیتوان‌لار]] | 0.3% [[Romani diaspora#Latvia|Roma]] | 0.2% [[History of the Jews in Latvia|Jews]] | {{Nowrap|4% [[Demographics of Latvia|Others{{\}}<br />Unspecified]]}} }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2022<ref name=nat>{{cite web |author=Social Statistics Department of Latvia |title=Pastāvīgo iedzīvotāju etniskais sastāvs reģionos un republikas pilsētās gada sākumā |url=https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRE/IRE010/table/tableViewLayout1/ }}</ref> | religion = {{Unbulleted list|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |64% [[مسیحیت]] |&bull; 36% [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia|Lutheranism]] |&bull; 17% [[Catholic Church in Latvia|Catholicism]] |&bull; 9% [[Latvian Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]] |&bull; 2% Other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] |35% [[Irreligion|No religion]] |1% [[Religion in Latvia|Others]]}} | religion_year = 2018 | religion_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-report-on-international-religious-freedom/latvia/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Annual%20Report,(9%20percent)%2C%20the%20latter | title=Latvia }}</ref> | demonym = Latvian | government_type = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Latvia|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Egils Levits]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Latvia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Krišjānis Kariņš]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Saeima]] | leader_name3 = [[Edvards Smiltēns]] | legislature = [[Saeima]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Latvia|Independence]] | sovereignty_note = from [[وایمار جومهوریتی|Germany]] and the [[شوروی]] | established_event1 = [[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia#Historical and juridical background|Declared]]<ref name=Germanis /> | established_date1 = 18 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia#Historical and juridical background|Recognised]] | established_date2 = 26 January 1921 | established_event3 = {{Nowrap|[[Constitution of Latvia|Constitution adopted]]}} | established_date3 = 7 November 1922 | established_event4 = [[لتونی شوروی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی|Restored after Soviet occupation]]<ref name="FINemb" /> | established_date4 = [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|21 August 1991]] | established_event5 = {{Nowrap|[[2004 enlargement of the European Union|Joined]] the [[اوروپا بیرلیگی|EU]]}} | established_date5 = 1 May 2004 | area_km2 = 64,589 | area_rank = 122nd <!-- Area rank should match [[ساحه اساسیندا اؤلکه‌لر]] --> | area_sq_mi = 24,938 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = 2.09 (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref> | population_estimate = 1,842,226<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Latvia|access-date=24 September 2022|year=2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 153rd | population_density_km2 = 29.6 | population_density_sq_mi = 77 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = 147th | GDP_PPP = {{آرتیش}}$72.03billion<ref name="wb">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022|date=October 2022|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[اولوسلارآراسی پول صاندیغی]]|access-date= October 11, 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 105th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{آرتیش}}$38,124<ref name=wb /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 48th | GDP_nominal = {{آرتیش}}$40.588 billion<ref name=wb /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 100th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{آرتیش}}$21,482<ref name=wb /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 44th | Gini = 35.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2021 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.863 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 8, 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 39th | currency = [[یورو]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | date_format = {{قیسالتما|dd|day}}/{{قیسالتما|mm|month}}/{{قیسالتما|yyyy|year}} | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Latvia|+371]] | cctld = [[.lv]]^c | footnote_a = [[لاتیش دیلی|Latvian]] is the sole official language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saeima.lv/en/legislation/constitution|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia, Chapter 1 (Article 4)|publisher=The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia|access-date=20 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205030657/http://www.saeima.lv/en/legislation/constitution|archive-date=5 December 2013|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2013-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205030657/http://www.saeima.lv/en/legislation/constitution}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valoda.lv/en/downloadDoc_436/mid_566 |title=Official Language Law, Section 3 (Article 1) |publisher=The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia |access-date=20 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204308/http://www.valoda.lv/en/downloadDoc_436/mid_566 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2014-01-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204308/http://www.valoda.lv/en/downloadDoc_436/mid_566 }}</ref> [[لیوون دیلی|Livonian]] is considered an [[indigenous language]] and has special legal status.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/14740 |title=Official Language Law, Sections 4, 5 and 18 (Article 4) |publisher=Likumi.lv |access-date=7 October 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705131333/https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/14740 |archive-date=5 July 2019 }}</ref> [[لاتقالی دیلی|Latgalian]] written language and [[Latvian Sign Language]] also have special legal status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valoda.lv/en/downloadDoc_436/mid_566 |title=Official Language Law, Section 3 (Articles 3 and 4) |publisher=The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia |access-date=20 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204308/http://www.valoda.lv/en/downloadDoc_436/mid_566 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2014-01-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204308/http://www.valoda.lv/en/downloadDoc_436/mid_566 }}</ref> | footnote_b = Latvia is ''[[de jure]]'' continuous with its declaration of 18 November 1918. | footnote_c = The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[اوروپا بیرلیگی]] member states. | today = }} '''لتونی''' یا دا رسمی آدیلا لتونی جمهوریتی [[اوروپا]]نین قوزئی دوغوسوندا و [[ایستونی]] نین گۆنئینده یئرلشن بیر اوْلکه دیر.[[ریقا]] لتونینیٛن پایتختیٛ و بالتیکیانیٛ اؤلکلرده ان بؤیۆک شهر. == نوتلار == {{Notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} == کیتاب == {{Refbegin}} === لتونی=== * {{Cite book|title=The Story of Latvia: A Historical Survey|publisher=Latvian National Foundation|year=1949|location=Stockholm|oclc=2961684|author=Arveds, Švābe}} * {{Cite book|title=History of Latvia: the 20th century|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoflatvia20000unse|last=Bleiere|first=Daina|publisher=Jumava|year=2006|isbn=9984-38-038-6|location=Rīga|oclc=70240317|author2=and Ilgvars Butulis|author3=Antonijs Zunda|author4=Aivars Stranga|author5= Inesis Feldmanis}} * {{Cite book|title=Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols|editor-last=Cimdiņa |editor-first=Ausma |publisher=Zinātne Publishers|year=2011|isbn=978-9984-808-83-3|location=Rīga|editor2=Deniss Hanovs}} * {{Cite book|title=Latvia in Transition|url=https://archive.org/details/latviaintransiti0000drei|last=Dreifelds|first=Juris|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-521-55537-1}} * Dzenovska, Dace. ''School of Europeanness: Tolerance and other lessons in political liberalism in Latvia'' (Cornell University Press, 2018). * {{Cite book|title=The Latvian Saga|last=Ģērmanis|first=Uldis|publisher=Atēna|year=2007|isbn=978-9984-34-291-7|location=Rīga}} * Hazans, Mihails. "Emigration from Latvia: Recent trends and economic impact." in ''Coping with emigration in Baltic and East European countries'' (2013) pp: 65–110. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=MSJWAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA65&dq=latvia&ots=7kS-013C9a&sig=RvJOQ6jap7tnPao4iNupb2OdVsU online] * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C|title=Latvia in World War II|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-8232-2627-1|author=Lumans, Valdis O.}} * {{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Latvia |last1= Meyendorff |first1= Alexander Feliksovich |last2= |first2= }} * {{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Latvia|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000plak|last=Plakans|first=Andrejs|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-8108-5515-1|edition=2nd|location=Lanham}} * {{Cite book|title=The A to Z of Latvia|url=https://archive.org/details/tozoflatvia0000andr|last=Plakans|first=Andrejs|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8108-7209-7|location=Lanham}} * {{Cite book|title=The Latvians: A Short History|url=https://archive.org/details/latviansshorthis0000plak|last=Plakans|first=Andrejs|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8179-9302-3|location=Stanford}} * Pabriks, Artis, and Aldis Purs. 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''Comparative politics and government of the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the 21st century'' (Springer, 2015). * {{Cite book|title=Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BXM-042|last=Bojtár|first=Endre|publisher=Central European University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-963-9116-42-9|location=Budapest}} * {{Cite book|title=The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/balticnationseur0000hide_j1c1|last=Hiden|first=John|publisher=Longman|year=1991|isbn=0-582-08246-3|location=London|author2=Patrick Salmon}} * {{Cite book|title=The Baltic Question during the Cold War|last=Hiden|first=John|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-56934-7|location=London|author2=Vahur Made|author3=David J. Smith}} * {{Cite book|title=A History of the Baltic States|last=Kasekamp|first=Andres|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2010|isbn=978-0-230-01940-9|location=London}} * {{Cite book|title=The European Union and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance|last=Jacobsson|first=Bengt|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|isbn=978-0-415-48276-9|location=London}} * Lane, Thomas, et al. ''The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania'' (Routledge, 2013). * {{Cite book|title=Post-Cold War Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences|editor-last=Lehti |editor-first=Marko|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|year=2003|isbn=0-7146-8351-5|location=London/Portland |editor2=David J. Smith}} * {{Cite book|title=The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence|url=https://archive.org/details/balticrevolution0000liev|last=Lieven|first=Anatol|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1994|isbn=0-300-05552-8|edition=2nd|location=New Haven/London|author-link=Anatol Lieven}} * {{Cite book|title=[[The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front]]|last=Naylor|first=Aliide|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=2020|isbn=9781788312523|location=London}} * {{Cite book|title=A Concise History of the Baltic States|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000plak|last=Plakans|first=Andrejs|publisher=Cambridge UP|year=2011|isbn=978-0-521-54155-8|location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book|title=The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Graham |publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1994|isbn=0-312-12060-5|location=New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/balticstates00grah}} * Steen, Anton. ''Between past and future: elites, democracy and the state in post-communist countries: a comparison of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania'' (Routledge, 2019). * {{Cite book|title=Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania|url=https://archive.org/details/estonialatvialit0000will|last=Williams|first=Nicola|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2003|isbn=1-74059-132-1|edition=3rd|location=London|author2=Debra Herrmann|author3=Cathryn Kemp}} ===روسیه=== * Cheskin, Ammon. "Exploring Russian-speaking identity from below: The case of Latvia." ''Journal of Baltic Studies'' 44.3 (2013): 287–312. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01629778.2012.712335 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625193434/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01629778.2012.712335 |date=25 June 2021 }} * Cheskin, Ammon. ''Russian-Speakers in Post-Soviet Latvia: Discursive Identity Strategies'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2016). * {{Cite book|title=Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks|last=Commercio|first=Michele E.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8122-4221-8|location=Philadelphia|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/russianminorityp0000comm}} * {{Cite book|title=Russia's European Agenda and the Baltic States|last=Šleivyte|first=Janina|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|isbn=978-0-415-55400-8|location=London}} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == {{Sister project links|Latvia|voy=Latvia}} <!-- Notice: Wikipedia is not a web directory or a search engine. Please only post links that provide broad, non-trivial coverage of the article's topic. --> ; دؤولت * [http://www.president.lv/?lng=en President of Latvia] * [http://www.saeima.lv/en Parliament of Latvia] * [http://www.mk.gov.lv/en/?lang=1 Government of Latvia] * [http://www.am.gov.lv/en/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia] * [http://www.csb.gov.lv/en Statistical Office of Latvia] * [http://www.latvia.eu/ Latvian Institute] * [http://www.bank.lv/en/ Bank of Latvia] ; عومومی معلومات * [http://www.latvia.eu/ Latvia Online] * [http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/latvia/index_en.htm European Union country profile] * [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332121/Latvia Britannica Online Encyclopedia] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1106666.stm BBC News country profile] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/latvia/ Latvia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109203805/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/latvia |date=2021-01-09 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[مرکزی ایطلاعات تشکیلاتی]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011191805/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/latvia.htm Latvia] from UCB Libraries GovPubs * {{Curlie|Regional/Europe/Latvia}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=LV Key Development Forecasts for Latvia] from [[International Futures]] ; مدنیت * [https://kulturaskanons.lv/en/ Latvian Cultural Canon] * [https://kulturasdati.lv/en Latvian Culture Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118195808/http://www.kultura.lv/ Latvian Culture Portal] * [http://www.livones.net/en Livonian Culture Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719111800/http://www.livones.net/en |date=2021-07-19 }} * [http://www.km.gov.lv/en/ State Agency of Cultural Heritage] * [http://www.lnb.lv/en/ National Library of Latvia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601140440/https://www.lnb.lv/en |date=1 June 2021 }} * [http://latvians.com/ Latvian Heritage] * [https://www.lmic.lv/en Latvian Music Information Centre] ; سیاحت * [http://www.latvia.travel/en Official Latvian Tourism Portal] ; نقشه‌لر * {{Wikiatlas|Latvia}} * {{OSM relation|72594}} {{اوروپا اؤلکه‌لری}} {{اوروپا بیرلیگینین عوضو اؤلکه‌لری}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:لتونی| ]] [[بؤلمه:بالتیک اؤلکه‌لر|*]] [[بؤلمه:اوروپادا اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:شومالی اوروپا اؤلکه‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:ناتو اؤلکه‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:اوروپا بیرلییینین عوضو دؤولتلری]] [[بؤلمه:آرالیق دنیز بیرلییینین عوضو دؤولتلری]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش میلت‌لر اؤیه‌سی اؤلکه‌لر]] [[Category:Member states of the Three Seas Initiative]] [[Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]<!-- Note: former member --> [[بؤلمه:جومهوریتلر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۱۸ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۱ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] lkaqdfaydrdcerjldrex32m6iyetipd 0 9087 1590742 1584829 2026-07-15T10:59:37Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Island country in the central Mediterranean}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = مالت جومهوریتی | common_name = مالت | native_name = {{Native name|mt|Repubblika ta' Malta}} | image_flag = Flag of Malta.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Malta.svg | national_motto = {{Native name|la|Virtute et constantia}}<br />"Strength and persistence" | national_anthem = {{Native name|mt|[[L-Innu Malti]]}}<br />"The Maltese Hymn"{{parabr}}{{اوْرتا|[[File:Malta National Anthem.ogg]]}} | image_map = EU-Malta.svg | map_caption = {{Map caption|location_color=green circle |region=Europe|region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[اوروپا بیرلیگی]] |subregion_color=light green |legend=EU-Malta.svg}} | capital = [[Valletta]] | largest_settlement = [[St. Paul's Bay]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Government%20Gazette/PA%20GN/Documents/2019/Government%20Gazette%20-%203rd%20September.pdf|title=Gazzetta tal-Gvern ta' Malta|date=3 September 2019|access-date=22 January 2021|language=MT}}</ref> | largest_settlement_type = [[Local councils of Malta|administrative unit]] | coordinates = {{Coord|35|54|N|14|31|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | official_languages = {{Hlist|[[Maltese language|Maltese]]|[[اینگیلیس دیلی|English]]{{ref label|a|a}}}} | languages_type = | languages = | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|80.0% [[Maltese people|Maltese]] |20.0% Non-Maltese{{ref label|b|b}}}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2021<ref name="Newsbook">{{Cite web|title=20% of Malta's residents are foreigners |url=https://newsbook.com.mt/en/20-of-maltas-residents-are-foreigners |last=Muscat |first=Gavin |date=18 May 2021 |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=newsbook.com.mt}}</ref> | demonym = [[Maltese people|Maltese]] | government_type = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]] | religion = {{Unbulleted list| {{Tree list}} * 90% [[مسیحیت]] ** 83% [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta|Roman Catholic]] ([[رسمی دین|official]]) ** 7% Other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}} |5% [[Irreligion|No religion]]|2% [[Islam in Malta|Islam]]|3% Others}} | religion_ref = <ref name="2019 Eurobarometer">{{Cite web |title=Special Eurobarometer 493, European Union: European Commission, September 2019, pages 229–230 |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/SPECIAL/surveyKy/2251 |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> | religion_year = 2019 | leader_title1 = [[President of Malta|President]] | leader_name1 = [[George Vella]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Malta|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Robert Abela]] | legislature = {{Nowrap|[[Parliament of Malta]]}} | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from the [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]] | established_event1 = [[State of Malta]] | established_date1 = 21 September 1964 | established_event2 = Republic | established_date2 = 13 December 1974 | area_km2 = 316<ref name="Zammit">{{Cite journal |last=Zammit |first=Andre |year=1986 |title=Valletta and the system of human settlements in the Maltese Islands |journal=Ekistics |volume=53 |issue=316/317 |pages=89–95 |jstor=43620704}}</ref> | area_rank = 186th <!-- Should match [[ساحه اساسیندا اؤلکه‌لر]] --> | area_sq_mi = 122 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.001 | population_estimate = {{Nowrap|519,562<ref name="NSO">{{Cite web |title=Census of Population and Housing 2021 |url=https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Media/Salient-Points-of-Publications/Documents/2022/Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Preliminary%20Report/Census%20of%20population%202021.pdf |date=July 2022 |access-date=2 August 2022 |website=nso.gov.mt |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809130759/https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Media/Salient-Points-of-Publications/Documents/2022/Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Preliminary%20Report/Census%20of%20population%202021.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2022-08-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809130759/https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Media/Salient-Points-of-Publications/Documents/2022/Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Preliminary%20Report/Census%20of%20population%202021.pdf }}</ref>}} | population_census = {{Nowrap|417,432<ref name="census2011">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Census of Population and Housing 2011: Report |url=https://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/01_Methodology_and_Research/Census2011_FinalReport.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621125409/https://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/01_Methodology_and_Research/Census2011_FinalReport.pdf |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=10 July 2020 |website=National Statistics Office |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2020-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621125409/https://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/01_Methodology_and_Research/Census2011_FinalReport.pdf }}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 167th <!--rank based on sovereign states only--> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 1,649 | population_density_sq_mi = 4,270 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 5th <!--rank based on sovereign states only--> | GDP_PPP = {{آرتیش}} $29.36 &nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022|date=October 2022|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[اولوسلارآراسی پول صاندیغی]]|access-date= December 16, 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 148th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{آرتیش}} $56,338<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 24th | GDP_nominal = {{آرتیش}} $17.15 &nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 131st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{آرتیش}} $32,912<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 31st | Gini = 28.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{Cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |access-date=19 June 2020 |website=ec.europa.eu |publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> | HDI = 0.918 <!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[یورو]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = Central European Time | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | time_zone_DST = Central European Summer Time | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy ([[Anno Domini|AD]]) | drives_on = left | calling_code = +356 | patron_saints = [[پولوس]], [[Saint Publius]], and [[Agatha of Sicily]]<ref name="Frommer">{{Cite book |last=Lesley |first=Anne Rose |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr3g2SMGPZgC |title=Frommer's Malta and Gozo Day by Day |date=15 April 2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0470746103 |page=139 |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001711/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr3g2SMGPZgC |archive-date=4 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> | cctld = [[.mt]]{{ref label|c|c}} | footnote_a = {{note|a|}} Also [[Maltese Sign Language]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maltese sign language to be recognised as an official language of Malta |work=The Malta Independent |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2016-03-17/local-news/Maltese-sign-language-to-be-recognised-as-an-official-language-of-Malta-6736155052 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141941/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2016-03-17/local-news/Maltese-sign-language-to-be-recognised-as-an-official-language-of-Malta-6736155052 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archivedate=2018-06-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141941/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2016-03-17/local-news/Maltese-sign-language-to-be-recognised-as-an-official-language-of-Malta-6736155052 }}</ref> | footnote_b = {{note|b|}} Maltese nationals as referred to in the 2011 census<ref name="census2011" /> | footnote_c = {{note|c|}} Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states }} '''مالت''' گونئی [[اوروپا]]دا یئرلشن بیر اوْلکه دیر. پایتختی [[والتا]] شهریدیر. ==قایناقلار== ===نوتلار=== {{قایناق}} ===منبعلر=== * {{Cite book |last=Cramer |first=John Anthony |url=https://archive.org/details/ageographicalan04cramgoog |title=Geographical and Historical Description of Ancient Greece |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1828 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageographicalan04cramgoog/page/n63 45]–46}} * {{Cite web |title=Map of Malta and Gozo |url=http://www.maltastreetmap.com/ |access-date=10 April 2009 |website=Street Map of Malta and Gozo |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2009-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716061437/http://www.maltastreetmap.com/ }} * {{Cite web |title=Photos of Gozo sister island of Malta |url=http://www.gozo.us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023015349/http://www.gozo.us/ |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=17 November 2006 |website=Photos of Gozo}} * {{Cite web |title=Photos of Malta |url=http://www.pvv.org/~bct/malta/ |access-date=26 May 2008}} * {{Cite web |title=Malta |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/ |website=[[The World Factbook]] |date=22 September 2021 |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2021-04-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402195116/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/ }} * {{Cite web |title=Gov.mt |url=http://www.gov.mt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010516224507/http://www.gov.mt/ |archive-date=16 May 2001 |access-date=1 November 2005 |website=Government of Malta}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613181149/http://www.omertaa.org/volumes/volume20071/index/index.html Omertaa, Journal for Applied Anthropology]{{Spaced en dash}}Volume 2007/1, Thematic Issue on Malta *[http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_MAPS_JER002471715 Antonio Lafreri map of Malta, 1565] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609171214/http://primo.nli.org.il/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=NLI&docid=NNL_MAPS_JER002471715&context=L |date=2020-06-09 }}.. Eran Laor Cartographic Collection. The [[National Library of Israel]] <!--*For the migration section: https://web.archive.org/web/20110719181436/http://www.alternattiva.org.mt/filebank/documents/Fiona%20TEXEIRE-%20At%20the%20Gate%20of%20Fortress%20Europe.pdf [gotta shorten this thing, somehow]--> * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Malta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html |access-date=1 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028215840/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html |archive-date=28 October 2009 |work=MSN Encarta |url-status=dead}} ===کیتاب=== * {{Cite news |date=15 April 1942 |title=1942: Malta gets George Cross for bravery |work=BBC "On this day" |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/15/newsid_3530000/3530301.stm |access-date=22 June 2006}} * {{Cite book |last=Bowen-Jones |first=Howard |title=Malta Background for Development |publisher=University of Durham |year=1962 |oclc=204863 |display-authors=etal}} * {{Cite book |last=Cassar |first=Carmel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3nJnQEACAAJ |title=A Concise History of Malta |date=2000 |publisher=Mireva Publications |isbn=978-1870579520 |location=[[Msida]]}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Malta|volume=17|pages=507–514}} * {{Cite book |last=Francesco Balbi di Correggio 1568 translated Ernle Bradford |title=The Siege of Malta 1565 |url=https://archive.org/details/siegeofmalta15650000balb |publisher=Penguin 2003 |year=1965 |isbn=978-0-14-101202-5 |chapter=chapter II}} * {{Cite book |last=Carolyn Bain |url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmalt00caro |title=Malta |publisher=Lonely Planet Publication |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-74059-178-2}} * Charles Mifsud, The Climatological History of The Maltese Islands, Minerva 1984 * {{Cite book |last=Paul Williams |title=Malta&nbsp;– Island Under Siege |publisher=Pen and Sword Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-84884-012-6}} * {{Cite book |last1=Rudolf |first1=Uwe Jens |title=Historical Dictionary of Malta |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000rudo |last2=Berg |first2=W. G. |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780810853171 |location=USA |page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000rudo/page/43 43] |ref=DIC_11}} * {{Cite book |last=United Nations Development Programme |url=https://archive.org/details/humandevelopment0000unse_t5c8 |title=Human Development Report 2005&nbsp;– International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-522146-6 |url-access=registration}} *Atauz, Ayse Devrim (2008). [https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Eight_Thousand_Years_of_Maltese_Maritime.html?id=FWsUAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Eight Thousand Years of Maltese Maritime History: Trade, Piracy, and Naval Warfare in the Central Mediterranean'']. Gainesville : University Press of Florida. {{ISBN|0813031796}} ==چوخ اوخو== * Hastings, M. 2021. ''Operation Pedestral The Fleet that Battled to Malta 1942'', William Collins ISBN 978-0-00-836494-6 ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Sister project links|Malta|voy=Malta}} <!-- BEFORE ADDING PLEASE DISCUSS ON THE TALK PAGE. THIS MEASURE HAS BEEN TAKEN IN THE LIGHT OF PERSISTENT ADDITIONS OF COMMERCIAL LINKS AND VANDALISM TO THIS SECTION. ADDING SPAM WILL RESULT IN A WARNING! --> ; دؤولت * [https://www.gov.mt/ Gov.mt]{{Spaced en dash}}Maltese Government official site * [https://www.mepa.org.mt/ Malta Environment and Planning Authority's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429225759/http://www.mepa.org.mt/ |date=29 April 2018 }} [[Geographic information system|GIS]] * [https://www.visitmalta.com/en/home Visit Malta] – Maltese tourism official site ; عومومی معلومات * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/ Malta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402195116/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/ |date=2021-04-02 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[مرکزی ایطلاعات تشکیلاتی]]. * [https://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malta.htm Malta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114648/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malta.htm |date=4 March 2016 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{Curlie|Regional/Europe/Malta}} * {{Wikiatlas|Malta}} * {{OSM relation|365307}} {{اوروپا اؤلکه‌لری}} {{آرالیق دنیزینده یئرلشن اؤلکه‌لر و اراضیلر}} {{اوروپا بیرلیگینین عوضو اؤلکه‌لری}} {{اینگیلیس میلتلر بیرلیگی}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:مالت| ]] [[Category:Collective recipients of the George Cross]] [[Category:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیسجه دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر و اراضی‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:آدا دؤولت‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:ایتالیاجا دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر]] [[Category:Mediterranean islands]] [[Category:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[بؤلمه:اوروپا بیرلییینین عوضو دؤولتلری]] [[بؤلمه:آرالیق دنیز بیرلییینین عوضو دؤولتلری]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش میلت‌لر اؤیه‌سی اؤلکه‌لر]] [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union]] [[Category:Pauline churches]] [[Category:Phoenician colonies in Malta]] [[بؤلمه:جنوبی اوروپا اؤلکه‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۴ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۴ - جو ایلینده مالت اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:اوروپادا اؤلکه‌لر]] [[Category:Christian states]] [[Category:Countries of Europe with multiple official languages]] 21dd372cf0981wf359ob30992lj2g4t 0 9099 1590743 1553343 2026-07-15T11:05:20Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic of the Philippines |common_name = the Philippines |native_name = ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' <small>{{no bold|([[Filipino language|Filipino]])}}</small>{{efn|name=a|In the recognized regional [[languages of the Philippines]]: :*[[Aklanon language|Aklanon]]: ''Republika it Pilipinas'' :*[[Bikol languages|Bikol]]: ''Republika kan Filipinas'' :*{{lang-ceb|Republika sa Pilipinas}} :*[[Chavacano]]: ''República de Filipinas'' :*[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]]: ''Republika sang Filipinas'' :*[[Ibanag language|Ibanag]]: ''Republika nat Filipinas'' :*[[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]: ''Republika ti Filipinas'' :*[[Ivatan language|Ivatan]]: ''Republika nu Filipinas'' :*[[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]: ''Republika ning Filipinas'' :*[[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]]: ''Republika kang Pilipinas'' :*[[Maranao language|Maranao]]: ''Republika san Pilipinas'' :*[[Pangasinan language|Pangansinan]]: ''Republika na Filipinas'' :*[[Sambal language|Sambal]]: ''Republika nin Pilipinas'' :*[[Surigaonon language|Surigaonon]]: ''Republika nan Pilipinas'' :*[[Waray language|Waray]]: ''Republika han Pilipinas'' In the recognized optional languages of the Philippines: :*{{Lang-es|República de Filipinas}} :*{{Lang-ar|جمهورية الفلبين|Jumhuriat Alfalabin}} }} |image_flag = Flag of the Philippines.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Philippines.svg |other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of the Philippines.svg|80px|link=Great Seal of the Philippines]]</div>{{Native name|fil|[[Coat of arms of the Philippines#Great Seal|Dakilang Sagisag ng Pilipinas]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{Small|Great Seal of the Philippines}} |other_symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of the Philippines#Great Seal|Great Seal]] |national_motto = <br />"[[Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa]]"<ref name=ra8491>{{cite web|title=Republic act no. 8491 |url=http://www.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/ |publisher=Republic of the Philippines |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308050740/http://www.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/ |archivedate=March 8, 2014 |df= }}</ref><br />{{Small|"For God, People, Nature, and Country"}} |national_anthem = ''[[Lupang Hinirang]]''{{جیزیق باشی}}{{Small|''Chosen Land''}}<br /><center>[[File:Lupang Hinirang instrumental.ogg]]</center> |image_map = PHL orthographic.svg |image_map2 = |capital = [[مانیل]]{{ref|a|a}}<br />{{Coord|14|35|N|120|58|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Quezon City]]<br />{{Small|{{coord|14|38|N|121|02|E|display=inline}}}} <!--Although [[Davao City]] has the largest land area, the article on [[largest city]] says we should refer to the most populous city, which, {{As of|2006|lc=y}}, is [[Quezon City]]. See the discussion page for more information. Changing this information without citation would be reverted.--> |official_languages = {{Hlist|[[Filipino language|Filipino]] |[[Philippine English|English]]}} |recognized_regional_languages = {{Collapsible list |title = [[Languages of the Philippines|19 languages]]<ref name="7 mother languages" /> |[[Aklanon language|Aklanon]] |[[Central Bikol language|Central Bikol]] |[[سئبوآنو دیلی]] |[[Chavacano]] |[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] |[[Ibanag language|Ibanag]] |[[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] |[[Ivatan language|Ivatan]] |[[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]] |[[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]] |[[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]] |[[Maranao language|Maranao]] |[[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]] |[[Sambal language|Sambal]] |[[Surigaonon language|Surigaonon]] |[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] |[[Taūsug language|Taūsug]] |[[Waray language|Waray]] |[[Yakan language|Yakan]] }} |languages_type = National language |languages = [[Filipino language|Filipino]] |languages2_type = Optional languages{{ref|b|b}} |languages2 = {{Hlist|[[Philippine Spanish|Spanish]] |[[عرب دیلی]]}} |ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list <!-- per page 27 of the supporting source cited (Cebuanos, Ilongos, and Waray are covered by the Visayan grouping -- page 34 of the PDF) --> |{{#expr:100 * (10539816+9125637+7773655+3660645) / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Visayans|Visayan]] |{{#expr:100 * 25512089 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Tagalog people|Tagalog]] |{{#expr:100 * 8987941 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Ilocano people|Ilocano]] |{{#expr:100 * 6299283 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Bicolano people|Bicolano]] |{{#expr:100 * 4737123 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Moro people|Moro]] |{{#expr:100 * 2897239 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Kapampangan people|Kapampangan]] |{{#expr:100 * 1586349 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Igorot people|Igorot]] |{{#expr:100 * 1274895 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Pangasinense people|Pangasinense]] |{{#expr:100 * 1146250 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Chinese Filipino|Chinese]] |{{#expr:100 * 1054859 / 92097978 round 1}}% [[Zamboangueño people|Zamboangueño]] |8.3% [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines|others]] }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2010{{Sfn|Philippine Statistics Authority|2014|pp=29–34}} |demonym = [[Filipinos|Filipino (''masculine or neutral'')<br />Filipina (''feminine'')]]<br /> [[Pinoy]] (''colloquial masculine'')<br />Pinay (''colloquial feminine'')<br /> [[Filipinos|Philippine (''English'')]] <!-- "Philippine" is a demonym as it is used to identify natives or residents of a certain or specific place that are derived from the place name Philippines, i.e. Philippine-American War -- refer to Oxford definition of demonym(s). --> |government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[Constitution of the Philippines|constitutional]] [[جومهوریت]] |leader_title1 = [[President of the Philippines|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Rodrigo Duterte]] |leader_title2 = [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice President]] |leader_name2 = [[Leni Robredo]] |leader_title3 = [[President of the Senate of the Philippines|Senate President]] |leader_name3 = [[Aquilino Pimentel III]] |leader_title4 = [[Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines|House Speaker]] |leader_name4 = [[Pantaleon Alvarez]] |leader_title5 = [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines|Chief Justice]] |leader_name5 = [[Maria Lourdes Sereno]] |legislature = [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]] |upper_house = [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]] |lower_house = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]] |sovereignty_type = [[Sovereignty of the Philippines|Formation of the republic]] |sovereignty_note = {{ref|e|e}} |established_event1 = [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|Independence from Spain declared]] |established_date1 = June 12, 1898 |established_event2 = [[Treaty of Paris (1898)]] / Spanish Cession{{ref|c|c}} |established_date2 = December 10, 1898 |established_event3 = [[Malolos Constitution]] / [[First Philippine Republic]] {{ref|e|e}} |established_date3 = January 21, 1899 |established_event4 = [[Tydings–McDuffie Act]] |established_date4 = March 24, 1934 |established_event5 = [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] |established_date5 = May 14, 1935 |established_event6 = [[Treaty of Manila (1946)|Treaty of Manila / Independence from United States]] {{ref|d|d}} |established_date6 = July 4, 1946 |established_event7 = [[Constitution of the Philippines|Current constitution]] |established_date7 = February 2, 1987 |area_km2 = {{formatnum:{{data Philippines|pst2|total area}}}} |area_label = Total |area_rank = 72nd <!--|area_magnitude = 1 E11--> |area_sq_mi = {{Convert|{{data Philippines|pst2|total area}}|km2|sqmi|0|disp=output number only}} <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 0.61<ref name=CIAfactbook>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |title=East & Southeast Asia :: Philippines |work=The World Factbook |location=Washington, D.C.: Author |date=October 28, 2009 |accessdate=November 7, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719222229/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html |archivedate=July 19, 2015 |df= }}</ref>&nbsp;{{Small|(inland waters)}} |area_label2 = [[ساحه اساسیندا اؤلکه‌لر]] |area_data2 = {{formatnum:{{data Philippines|pst2|land area}}}} km{{sup|2}}<br />{{Convert|{{data Philippines|pst2|land area}}|km2|sqmi|disp=output number only}} sq mi |population_estimate = |population_census = 100,981,437<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-population-2015-census-population |accessdate=2017-11-15 |archivedate=2017-02-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031551/https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-population-2015-census-population }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = |population_census_year = {{Data Philippines|pst2|popbaseyear}} |population_census_rank = 13th |population_density_km2 = 336.6 |population_density_sq_mi = {{Data/popdens|Philippines|comma|areaunit=sqmi}}<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 37th |GDP_PPP = $873.966 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web | url =http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=59&pr.y=10&sy=2014&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=566&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= | title = Philippines | work = World Economic Outlook | publisher = International Monetary Fund | date = October 2016}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP_rank = 29th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,223<ref name=imf2 /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 118th |GDP_nominal = $348.593 billion<ref name=imf2 /> |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_rank = 36th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,280<ref name=imf2 /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 104th |Gini = 43.0 <!--number only--> |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = 42decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=March 2, 2011}}</ref> |Gini_rank = 44th |HDI = 0.682 <!--number only--> |HDI_year = 2015 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=March 21, 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 116th |currency = {{Nowrap|[[Philippine piso|Piso]] (Filipino:&nbsp;{{Lang|fil|{{IPA-tl|ˈpiso|}}}}) (₱)}} |currency_code = PHP |time_zone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] |utc_offset = +8 |utc_offset_DST = +8 |time_zone_DST = not observed |date_format = {{Unbulleted list|mm-dd-yyyy|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Anno Domini|AD]])}} |drives_on = right<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/ |title=Which side of the road do they drive on? |author=Lucas, Brian |date=August 2005 |accessdate=February 22, 2009 |publisher=}}</ref> |calling_code = [[+63]] |cctld = [[.ph]] |official_website = [https://www.gov.ph/ National Government Portal]<br />[http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/ Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines] |footnote_a = {{note|a}} While Manila proper is designated as the nation's capital, the whole of [[کلانشهر مانیل]] (NCR) is designated as [[seat of government]], hence the name of a region. This is because it has many national government institutions aside from Malacanang Palace and some agencies/institutions that are located within the capital city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Decree No. 940, s. 1976 |url=http://www.gov.ph/1976/05/29/presidential-decree-no-940-s-1976/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19760529010101/http://www.gov.ph/1976/05/29/presidential-decree-no-940-s-1976/ |publisher=Malacanang |accessdate=April 4, 2015 |archivedate=2015-04-09 |dead-url=yes |location=Manila |df= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409172851/http://www.gov.ph/1976/05/29/presidential-decree-no-940-s-1976/ }}</ref> |footnote_b = {{note|b}} The 1987 Philippine constitution specifies "Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis."<ref name=OfficialLang /> |footnote_c = {{note|c}} Filipino revolutionaries [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|declared independence]] from Spain on June 12, 1898, but Spain ceded the islands to the United States for $20&nbsp;million in the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] on December 10, 1898 which eventually led to the [[Philippine–American War]]. |footnote_d = {{note|d}} The United States of America recognized the independence of the Philippines on July 4, 1946, through the [[Treaty of Manila (1946)|Treaty of Manila]].<ref>{{قایناق۱|url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/1/6/00000254.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723021900/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/1/6/00000254.pdf|archivedate=July 23, 2011|format=PDF|title=Treaty of General Relations Between the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines. Signed at Manila, on 4 July 1946|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=December 10, 2007}}</ref> This date was chosen because it corresponds to the U.S. [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]], which was observed in the Philippines as '''''[[Independence Day (Philippines)|Independence Day]]''''' until May 12, 1962, when [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Diosdado Macapagal]] issued Presidential Proclamation No. 28, shifting it to June 12, the date of [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]'s proclamation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Republic of the Philippines Independence Day|url=http://m.state.gov/md243684.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612010101/http://m.state.gov/md243684.htm|publisher=[[United States State Department]]|accessdate=July 30, 2015|archivedate=2015-06-12|dead-url=yes|location=Washington, D.C.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612010101/http://m.state.gov/md243684.htm}}</ref> |footnote_e = {{note|e}} In accordance with article 11 of the Revolutionary Government Decree of June 23, 1898, the [[Malolos Congress]] selected a commission to draw up a draft [[آنایا‌سا]] on September 17, 1898. The commission was composed of Hipólito Magsalin, Basilio Teodoro, José Albert, [[Joaquin Gonzalez (politician)|Joaquín González]], [[Gregorio S. Araneta|Gregorio Araneta]], Pablo Ocampo, Aguedo Velarde, Higinio Benitez, [[Tomas del Rosario|Tomás del Rosario]], [[Jose Alejandrino|José Alejandrino]], Alberto Barretto, José Ma. de la Viña, José Luna, [[Antonio Luna]], Mariano Abella, Juan Manday, [[Felipe Calderón y Roca|Felipe Calderón]], [[Arsenio Cruz-Herrera|Arsenio Cruz]] and Felipe Buencamino.<ref>{{cite book|last=Calderón|first=Felipe|title=Mis memorias sobre la revolución filipina: Segunda etapa, (1898 á 1901). |url=https://archive.org/details/arb8046.0001.001.umich.edu|year=1907|publisher=Imp. de El Renacimiento|location=Manila|pages=[https://archive.org/details/arb8046.0001.001.umich.edu/page/234 234], 235; appendix, pp. 5–10.}}</ref> They were all wealthy and well educated.<ref name=LOCPhil>{{cite book|author=Dolan, Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|editor=Ronald E.|title=Philippines, a country study|date=1983|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-8444-0748-8|edition=4th}}</ref> |religion = {{Unbulleted list|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |92% [[Christianity in the Philippines|Christianity]] |5.57% [[Islam in the Philippines|Islam]] |2.43% others<ref name="PSA-2015PSY" /> }} }} [[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|thumb]] '''فیلیپین''' یا '''فیلیپین‌لر آدالاری''' [[آسیا]] [[دوغو]]سوندا ، [[بؤیوک اوقیانوس]]ون باتیسیندا ، بیر دا بیر اؤلکه آدی دیر. باشکندی ده [[مانیلا]] دیر. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia {{آسیا اؤلکه‌لری}} {{مین مقاله}}{{دۆنیادا اینگیلیس دیلی دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر}} [[بؤلمه:فیلیپین]] [[بؤلمه:آسیا اؤلکه‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیسجه دانیشان اؤلکه‌لر و اراضی‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:Former colonies in Asia]] [[بؤلمه:Former Spanish colonies]] [[بؤلمه:آدا دؤولت‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:Maritime Southeast Asia]] [[بؤلمه:Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش میلت‌لر اؤیه‌سی اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:جومهوریتلر]] [[بؤلمه:گونئی دوْغو آسیا اؤلکه‌لری]] [[بؤلمه:Spanish East Indies]] [[بؤلمه:۱۵۶۵ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۹۸ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۴۶ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:Volcanic arc islands]] o9vca6dfv2xm9wihhws51eaddowf0it 0 9303 1590588 1584353 2026-07-14T12:11:10Z ~2026-39863-35 63243 1590588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lionel Messi | image = Lionel Messi Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-112(cropped).jpg | caption = Messi with [[آرژانتین میلّی فوتبال تیمی]] at the [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۲۶]] | fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of Players: Argentina |work=FIFA |page=1 |date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611000407/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=11 June 2019 |accessdate=2021-12-21 |archivedate=2018-07-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730202943/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_Squadlists.pdf }}</ref> | birth_date = {{دوغوم تاریخی ایله یاش|1987|6|24|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia: List of players: Argentina |work=FIFA |page=1 |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619164139/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=19 June 2018 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2019-02-17 |archivedate=2018-08-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812185537/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF }}</ref> | birth_place = [[روساریو، سانتا فه]], Argentina | height = 1.69 m<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lionel Messi|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/lionel-messi|access-date=23 August 2021|website=PSG}}</ref> | position = [[فوروارد]] | currentclub = [[پاریسن ژرمن فوتبول کولوبو]] | clubnumber = 30 | youthyears1 = 1992–1995 | youthclubs1 = Grandoli | youthyears2 = 1995–2000 | youthclubs2 = [[نیولز اولد بویز فوتبال کولوبو]] | youthyears3 = 2000–2003 | youthclubs3 = [[بارسلونا فوتبال کولوبو]] | years1 = 2003–2004 | clubs1 = [[بارسلونا سی فوتبال کولوبو]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = [[بارسلونا بی فوتبال کولوبو]] | caps2 = 22 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2004–2021 | clubs3 = [[بارسلونا فوتبال کولوبو]] | caps3 = 520 | goals3 = 474 | years4 = 2021– | clubs4 = [[پاریسن ژرمن فوتبول کولوبو]] | caps4 = 10<!-- league games only --> | goals4 = 1<!-- league games only --> | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national under-20 football team|Argentina U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 18 | nationalgoals1 = 14 | nationalyears2 = 2008 | nationalteam2 = [[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argentina U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2005– | nationalteam3 = [[آرژانتین میلّی فوتبال تیمی]] | nationalcaps3 = 158 | nationalgoals3 = [[List of international goals scored by Lionel Messi|80]] | club-update = 04:33, 13 December 2021 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 16 November 2021 | medaltemplates = <!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS-->{{MedalSport|Men's [[فوتبال]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|ARG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۴]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2015 Copa América|2015 Chile]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[Copa América Centenario|2016 United States]]|}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2019 Copa América|2019 Brazil]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|[[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|U-23 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|[[Argentina national under-20 football team|U-20 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Football Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2005 South American U-20 Championship|2005 Colombia]]|}} }} {{Lionel Messi series}} ليونيل "ليو" اندريس ميسی كوتشيتينی (اسپانیولجا: Lionel Andrés "Leo" Messi) دوغوم: ۱۹۸۷-نجی ایل ژانویه‌نین ۲۴-و. دونیانین ان موکمّل فوتبال اویونچولاریندان بیریدیر. [[پاریسن ژرمن فوتبول کولوبو|اینترمیامی]] تیمی و [[آرژانتین]] میلّی تیمینده توپ اویناییر. == دوغوم == ۱۹۸۷-نجی ایل ژانویه‌نین ۲۴-ونده روسانیو شهرینده سانتافه شهرینین دؤوره‌سینده دونیایا گلدی. فوتبال اویناماغا او ۵ یاشیندا آرژانتین محله‌لرینده باشلامیشدیر و آتاسی گراندول تیمین مربی‌سی ایدی کی لیونل بو ایللرده بو تیمه قوشولدو و ۱۹۹۵-نجی ایلده مسی روساریو شهرینده نیولز اولدبویز کلوپونا گلدی. == یاشایش == ۱۱ یاشیندا دوکتورلر اونون نوخوش اولماسینی یازدیلار. اونون رشد هورمونی آز ایدی و ریوپلاته کلوپی اونو ایسته‌دی آمّا اونو علاج ائتمک اۆچون پوللاری یوخ ایدی. بو ایلده کارلوس ریساچ، بارسلونا کلوپونون باشچی‌سی، مسینی تانیدی و اونون یاخشی توپ اویناماغین بیلدی واونون توپ اویناماسینا باخدی وبیر قرار اونون آتاسینان یازدی کی اونی علاج ائتماقین پولون کلوپ وئرسین و لیونل و آتا-آناسی گرک اوروپایا گلیب و او بارسلونا کلوپونا گلسین. لیونل مسی بارسلونانین جوانلار کلوپوندا توپ اویناماغی باشلادی. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan=2|[[اوروپا قهرمانلار لیگی]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[بارسلونا سی فوتبال کولوبو|بارسلونا سی]] |[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]]{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=69–71}} |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||10||5 |- |rowspan=3|[[بارسلونا بی فوتبال کولوبو|بارسلونا بی]] |[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04"/> |[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]]<ref name="Matches 2004–05"/> |Segunda División B |17||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||17||6 |- !colspan=2|Total !22!!6!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan=16|[[بارسلونا فوتبال کولوبو|بارسلونا]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]]<ref name="Matches 2004–05"/> |[[لا لیگا]] |7||1||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||9||1 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]]<ref name="Matches 2005–06"/> |La Liga |17||6||2||1||6||1||0||0||25||8 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]]<ref name="Matches 2006–07"/> |La Liga |26||14||2||2||5||1||3{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]}}||0||36||17 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]]<ref name="Matches 2007–08"/> |La Liga |28||10||3||0||9||6||colspan=2|—||40||16 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]]<ref name="Matches 2008–09"/> |La Liga |31||23||8||6||12||9||colspan=2|—||51||38 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]]<ref name="Matches 2009–10"/> |La Liga |35||34||3||1||11||8||4{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Super Cup, one appearance and two goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}}||4||53||47 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]]<ref name="Matches 2010–11"/> |La Liga |33||31||7||7||13||12||2{{efn|name=SDE|Appearance(s) in Supercopa de España}}||3||55||53 |- |[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]]<ref name="Matches 2011–12"/> |La Liga |37||50||7||3||11||14||5{{efn|One appearance and one goal in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and three goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup}}||6||60||73 |- |[[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]]<ref name="Matches 2012–13"/> |La Liga |32||46||5||4||11||8||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||2||50||60 |- |[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<ref name="Matches 2013–14"/> |La Liga |31||28||6||5||7||8||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||46||41 |- |[[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15]]<ref name="Matches 2014–15"/> |La Liga |38||43||6||5||13||10||colspan=2|—||57||58 |- |[[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|2015–16]]<ref name="Matches 2015–16">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2015–16 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2015-16 |accessdate=6 September 2015}}</ref> |La Liga |33||26||5||5||7||6||4{{efn|One appearance and two goals in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and one goal in Supercopa de España, one appearance and one goal in FIFA Club World Cup}}||4||49||41 |- |[[2016–17 FC Barcelona season|2016–17]]<ref name="Matches 2016–17">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2016–17 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?cat=-&temp=2016-17&equip=-&rival=- |accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref> |La Liga |34||37||7||5||9||11||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||1||52||54 |- |[[2017–18 FC Barcelona season|2017–18]]<ref name="Matches 2017–18">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2017–18 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?cat=-&temp=2017-18&equip=-&rival=-&jug=- |accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref> |La Liga |36||34||6||4||10||6||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||1||54||45 |- |[[2018–19 FC Barcelona season|2018–19]]<ref name="Matches 2018–19">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2018–19 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?cat=-&temp=2018-19&equip=-&rival=-&jug=- |accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref> |La Liga |22||22||3||2||5||6||1{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||31||30 |- !colspan=2|Total !440||405||71||50||130||106||27||21||668||582 |- !colspan=3|Career total !472||416||71||50||130||106||27||21||700||593 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:فوتبولچولار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۸۷-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۶ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:2007 Copa América players]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۰ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:2011 Copa América players]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۴ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:2015 Copa América players]] [[بؤلمه:فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۸ اویونچولار]] [[بؤلمه:2019 Copa América players]] [[بؤلمه:Argentina international footballers]] [[بؤلمه:Argentina under-20 international footballers]] [[بؤلمه:Argentina youth international footballers]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine expatriate footballers]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine footballers]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine fraudsters]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine people of Catalan descent]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine people of Italian descent]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine people of Marchesan descent]] [[بؤلمه:Argentine people of Spanish desce]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:بارسلونا بی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بارسلونا سی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بارسلونا کولوبو اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:لیونل مسی]] l55gtv2ucy20helocir2nnd0sv3tsza 0 9787 1590680 579424 2026-07-15T08:37:20Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = احمد قوام | image =Ahmad Qavam - Q001.jpg | birth_date = 2 January 1873 | birth_place = [[تهران]], [[ایران]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1955|7|23|1873|1|2|df=y}} | death_place = [[تهران]], [[ایران]] | order = [[List of Prime Ministers of Iran|19th]] | office = Prime Minister of Iran | monarch5 = Ahmad Shah Qajar | term_start5 = 4 June 1921 | term_end5 = 21 January 1922 | predecessor5 = [[سید ضیاءالدین طباطبائی]] | successor5 = [[Hassan Pirnia]] | monarch4 = [[احمدشاه قاجار]] | term_start4 = 22 June 1922 | term_end4 = 15 February 1923 | predecessor4 = [[Hassan Pirnia]] | successor4 = [[حسن موستوفی الممالک]] | monarch3 = Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | term_start3 = 9 August 1942 | term_end3 = 15 February 1943 | predecessor3 = [[Ali Soheili]] | successor3 = [[Ali Soheili]] | monarch2 = Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | term_start2 = 28 January 1946 | term_end2 = 18 December 1947 | predecessor2 = [[Ebrahim Hakimi]] | successor2 = [[Mohammad-Reza Hekmat]] | monarch1 = [[محمدرضا پهلوی]] | term_start1 = 17 July 1952 | term_end1 = 22 July 1952 | predecessor1 = [[Mohammed Mosaddeq]] | successor1 = [[Mohammed Mosaddeq]] | party = [[Democrat Party of Iran|Democrat Party]] | otherparty = [[Reformers' Party]] {{Small|(1920s)}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|author-link=Ervand Abrahamian|year=1982|title=Iran Between Two Revolutions|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|isbn=0-691-10134-5|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0/page/122 121]}}</ref> | alma_mater = | spouse = | website = }} '''احمد قوام''' یا '''قوام السلطنة''' (۱۲۵۲-۱۳۳۴[[تهران]]) [[ابراهیم معتمدالسلطنة]] اوغلو و [[وثوق الدولة]] قارداشی و [[ایران]]لی سیاستچی کی ۵ دفعه ایراندا صدراعظم اولدو و ایکی دفعه [[قاجاریه]] زمانی و ایکی دفعه [[پهلوی]] زمانی. == یاشایش == ۱۲۵۲-جی ایلده تهراندا دونیایه گوز آچدی و آتاسی معتمدالسلطنة اونی ناصرالدین شاه درباریندا شاه پیش خدمتی ائتدی و او سون ایللرده دایی سی [[میرزا علی خان امین الدوله]] آذربایجان والی سی اولاندا اونون منشی سی اولدو . == مشروطه == احمد قوام تهران آلیناندا مشروطه زمانی خارجه دن ایرانا قاییتدی و بو ایلده ۱۲۸۸ ایلین مهراین ۸ی داخله ایشلر وزیرینه معاون اولدو و ۱۲۹۶اۀتی اینجی ایلجا عدلیه و مالیه وداخله ایشلر وزیری اولدو و بو ایل بهمن این ۸ی خوراسان والی سی سئچیلدی. == مصدق و قوام == دوکتور مصدق ۱۳۳۱ده محمدرضا شاهینان آراسی قاریشدی و جنگ وزیری سئچمکده آجیخلی اولدولار و مصدق استعفا وئردی و قوام یئنی دن ایرانا گلیب و باش وزیر اولدو بو ایلده چوخلو اؤلکه باشچیلاری و سیاسی ومذهبی باشچیلار قوامین حکومتین رد ائتدیلر و قاریشیق دوشدی شهربانی تهراندا نئچه نفری اولدوردو و شاه قوامی مقصر بیلدی و قوام استعفا وئردی.بو قاریشیقدا مجلیس اونی مهدورالدم(قانی هدر اولموش) بیلدی و اونون مال دولتی آلیندی و او چوخ آجی سیاستدن حذف اولدی و رزم آرا کی بوایللر قدرتدن کناره قویولموشدی یئنی دن گوج تاپدی . == مقاملاری == *۵ دفعه باش وزیر *۱۳ دفعه داخله ایشلر وزیری *۴ دفعه خاریجه اشلر وزیری *۴ دفعه مالیه وزیری *۲ دفعه جنگ وزیری *۱دفعه عدلیه وزیری *۳ ایل خوراسان فرمانداری *۴ اینجی و۵ اینجی مجلیس وکیلی == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{ایرانین باش وزیرلری}} [[بؤلمه:سیاستچیلر]] jq9d1vufi5jrengek37due6s39rvv0u 0 10264 1590640 1587885 2026-07-15T07:09:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = علی ابن ابیطالب | image = File:Meshed_ali_usnavy_(PD).jpg | alt = place where Ali is buried. | caption = [[ایمام علی مسجیدی]]. | succession3 = [[رشیدی خیلافتی]]نین ۴انجو [[خیلافت|خلیفه‌سی]]<br> ([[سونیلر]] باخ) | reign3 = ۶۵۶–۶۶۱ | predecessor3 = [[عثمان ابن عفان]] | successor3 = [[حسن بن علی]] | birth_date = ۱۳&nbsp;[[رجب]] هیجرت‌دن قاباق (۱۵ سپتامبر میلاددان سونرا ۶۰۱) | birth_place = [[کعبه]]، [[مکه]]، [[حجاز]]، [[عربیستان یاریم آ‌دا‌سی]]<ref name="Guidance">{{cite book|last1=Rahim|first1=Husein A.|last2=Sheriff|first2=Ali Mohamedjaffer|title=Guidance From Qur'an|publisher=Khoja Shia Ithna-asheri Supreme Council|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9v2qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=ali+was+born+in+kaaba|accessdate=11 April 2017|language=en|year=1993}}</ref> | death_date = ۲۱&nbsp;[[رمضان]] ۴۰&nbsp;قمری (۲۹ ژانویه ۶۶۱) <br /> (یاش {{age|601|9|15|661|1|29}})<ref>Shad, Abdur Rahman. ''Ali Al-Murtaza''. Kazi Publications; 1978 1st Edition. Mohiyuddin, Dr. Ata. ''Ali The Superman''. Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers; 1980 1st Edition. Lalljee, Yousuf N. ''Ali The Magnificent''. Ansariyan Publications; January 1981 1st Edition.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/aliIbnAbiTalibr2Vol.Set|last=Sallaabee|first=Ali Muhammad|title=Ali ibn Abi Talib (volume 2)|page=621|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> | death_place = [[کوفه]]، [[عراق]] | burial_place = [[ایمام علی مسجیدی]]، [[نجف]]، عراق | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|[[فاطمه الزهرا]]|[[Umamah bint Zainab]]|[[ام البنین]]|لیلا بنت مسعود|[[اسما بنت عمیس]]|[[Khawlah bint Ja'far]]|Al Sahba' bint Rabi'ah}} | spouse-type = آروادلاری | issue = {{Unbulleted list| '''[[Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib|Descendants of Ali]]''' |[[حسن بن علی]]|[[حسین ابن علی]]|[[زینب بنت علی|زینب]]|[[او‌کلثوم بنت علی|ام‌کلثوم]]|[[محسن ابن علی|محسن]]|[[محمد حنفیه]]|[[عباس بن علی]]|[[عبداله ابن علی|عبداله]]|[[هیلال ابن علی|هیلال]]|[[محمد ابن ابی بکر]](اوغوللوق)}} | full name = ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib {{Lang-ar|علي ابن أبي طالب}} | house = [[قریش]] ([[بنی هاشم]]) | house-type = Tribe | father = [[ابوطالب ابن عبدالمطلب]] | mother = [[فاطمه بنت اسد]] | religion = [[ایسلام]] | succession1 = شیعه‌لرین بیرینجی ایمامی | reign1 = ۶۳۲–۶۶۱ | successor1 = [[حسن بن علی]] | succession2 = [[Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)|Asas/Wasih]] of Shia Islam <br/>([[Musta'li|Musta'li Ismaili]] view) | successor2 = حسن بن علی (۲ اینجی ایمام) }} {{شیعه}} [[File:Alī.png|thumb|علی|left]] '''ایمام علی ابن ابیطالب''' [[شیعه]] موسلمانلاری‌نین ایلک(بیرینجی) ایمامی و [[سوننی]] موسلمانلاری‌نین دؤردونجو خلیفه‌سی‌دیر. اوْنون آتاسی [[ابوطالب]]، نئچه ایل [[حضرت محمد (ص)]]دن موحافیظه ائتمیش‌دیر. خصوصاً [[شیعه]] قایناق‌لاری باش‌دا اوْلماقلا [[ایسلام]]ی قایناق‌لارا گؤره علی [[کعبه]] ده دۆنیایا گله‌ن تکجه شخص‌دیر. علی [[محمد]]دن سوْنرا [[مدینه]] یه کؤچموش‌دور. اوْرادا علی [[محمد]]ین قیزی [[فاطمه الزهرا]] ایله عائله حیاتی قۇرموش‌دور. [[۶۶۱]]-جی ایلده [[کوفه مسجیدی]]نده سو-قصد نتیجه‌سین‌ده اؤلدورولموش‌دور. [[ایسلام]] مدنیتین‌ده علی‌نین اؤزون‌مخصوص یئری واردیر. بئله کی، اوْ [[ایسلام]]دا مودریک‌لیک، دوروستلوک، ایگیدلیک، حؤرمت و ... رمزی‌دیر. خصوصاً [[تصوف]]ده علی [[تفسیر]]، [[فیقه]] و دینی فیکیر ساحه‌لرین‌ده ان یۆکسک شخص حساب اوْلونور و اوْ [[محمد]]ین نسلی‌نین داوام‌چی‌سی کیمی قبول ائدیلیر. == حیاتی == هز. علی "آمول-فیل"-این (فیل ایلینین) اوتوزونجو ایلینده (هیجرتدن ایگیرمی اوچ ایل اول) رجب آيینین 13-او کبه ائوینده دونيايا گؤز آچمیشدیر. آتاسی [[ابو طالب]]، آناسی [[فاطمه بینت اسد]] اولموشدور. هیجرتین 40-جی ایلی رامازان آيینین 21-ده کوفه شهرینده شهادته قوووشموشدور. مزاری نجف شهرینده‌دیر. هز. علینین بئستدن (محمّد پئیغمبر(س) پئیغمبرلیيه سئچیلمزدن) اون ایل قاباق دونيايا گلمه‌سینی، ایسلامی حادثه‌لرده پئیغمبرله (س) چیگین-چیگینه اولماسینی و او حضرتین وفاتیندان سونرا 30 ایل ياشاماسینی نظره آلماقلا اونون (هز.علینین) 63 ایللیک عومرونو بئش حیصه‌يه بؤلمک اولار: == توللوددن پئیغمبرین(س) بئستینه قدر == علینین(ع) دونيايا گلمه‌سیندن حضرت محمّدین (س) بئستینه (پئیغمبرلیيه سئچیلمه‌سینه) قدر يوخاریدا قئيد ائتدیک کی، اگر علینین(ع) عومرونو بئش حیصه‌يه بؤلسک بیرینجی حیصه او حضرتین توللودوندن پئیغمبرین(س) بئستینه قدرکی دؤورو ایحاطه ائده‌جک. علینین عومرونون بۇ حیصه‌سی اون ایلدن چوخ دئيیل. چونکی هز. علی(ع) دوغولاندا پئیغمبرین(س) آرتیق اوتوز ياشی وار ایدی و او، پئیغمبرلیيه قیرخ ياشیندا اولارکن يئتیشمیشدیر. دئمه‌لی، محمّد پئیغمبر(س) محمّد پئیغمبر(س)سئچیلرکن علینین(ع) جمعی اون ياشی وار ایدی.. ==علی (ع)، محمّد پئیغمبر(ص)قوجاغیندا== علی(ع) عومرونون حساس اولان روحی و فیزیکی جهتدن فورمالاشما دؤورونو محمّد پئیغمبر(س) پئیغمبرین ائوینده و اونون تعلیم-تربیيه‌سی آلتیندا کئچیرمیشدیر. ایسلام تاریخچیلری بۇ باره‌ده يازیرلار: "بیر ایل مککه‌ده آجلیق اوز وئرمیشدی. بو زامان پئیغمبرین عمیسی ابو طالب بؤيوک بیر عائله‌يه باشچیلیق ائدیردی. اونلاری چوخ چتینلیکله دولاندیریردی. محمّد پئیغمبر(س) بنی-هاشیم طایفهسی‌نین وارلیلاریندان اولان دیگر عمیسی عباسا تکلیف ائتدی کی، ابوتعلیبین دولانیشیغینا کؤمک ائتمک مقصدیله گئدیب هرمیز اونون بیر اوشاغینی گؤتوروب اؤز ائویمیزده ساخلاياق. عباس پئیغمبرین(س) بو تکلیفی ایله راضیلاشدی. بئله‌لیکله ده، عباس جعفری، محمّد پئیغمبر(س) ایسه علینی اؤز اؤهده‌سینه گؤتوروب اؤز ائولرینه آپاردیلار. علی محمّد پئیغمبر(س) محمّد پئیغمبر(س)سئچیلنه‌دک اونون ائوینده قالدی. محمّد پئیغمبر(س) پئیغمبرلیيه سئچیلدیکدن درحال سونرا علی اونون پئیغمبرلیگینی تسدیق ائدیب اونون آردیجیلی اولدو." محمّد پئیغمبر(س) اؤز اوشاقلیق ایللرینی باباسی عبدول موتللیبین وفاتیندان سونرا عمیسی ابوتعلیبین ائوینده کئچیرتدیگینه گؤره ایسته‌يیردی کی، بؤيودوکدن سونرا ابوتعلیبین اوشاقلاریندان بیرینی اؤز اؤهده‌لیگینه گؤتورسون. بئله‌لیکله ده، عمیسی ابوتعلیبین و فاطمه اسد قیزی‌نین اونون اۆچون چکدیکلری اذیتلرین عوضینی چیخسین. ابوتعلیبین اوشاقلاری آراسیندا علینی پئیغمبرین(س) گؤزو توتموشدو. == بئستدن پئیغمبرین(س) مدینه‌يه هیجرتینه‌دک == هز. علینین عومرونون ایکینجی حیصه‌سینی بئستدن مدینه‌يه هیجرته قدرکی دؤور تشکیل ائدیر. بۇ حیصه 13 ایلدن عبارتدیر. هز. علینین ایسلامین دیرچه‌لیشی يولوندا گؤستردیگی بیر سیرا شجاعتلر و خیدمتلر بۇ حیصه‌يه عایددیر. پئیغمبرین (س) دعوتینی اوللر حیات يولداشی خدیجه‌دن باشقا علی قبول ائتمیشدیر. == شکیللر == <gallery> Image:Investiture of Ali Edinburgh codex.jpg Image:Mirror writing2.jpg Image:Mazar-e sharif - Steve Evans.jpg Image:Ambigram - Muhammad and Ali2.svg </gallery> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} * [http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8 عربجه ویکی‌پئدییا] ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== {{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}} ===Original sources=== * {{cite book|last = Al-Bukhari |first = Muhammad |title = Sahih Bukhari, Book 4, 5, 8 |author-link = Muhammad al-Bukhari }} * {{cite book|last = Ali ibn Abi Talib | title = Nahj al-Balagha (Peak of Eloquence), compiled by ash-Sharif ar-Radi | year = 1984 | publisher = Alhoda UK |isbn = 978-0-940368-43-9}} * {{cite book|last = [[Ali ibn al-Athir]]|title = In his Biography, vol 2 }} * {{cite book|last = [[Ibn Taymiyyah]]|first = Taqi ad-Din Ahmad|title = Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah|title-link = Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah}} (In Arabic) * {{cite book|last = [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj]]|title = Sahih Muslim, Book 19, 31}} * {{cite web|first1=Vinay|last1=Khetia |title=Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources |url=https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976817/ |date=2013|accessdate=2021-02-03}} ===Secondary sources=== ; Books * {{cite book| last = Abdul Rauf | first = Muhammad | title = Imam 'Ali ibn Abi Talib: The First Intellectual Muslim Thinker | url = https://archive.org/details/imamaliibnabital0000abdu | author2 = Seyyed Hossein Nasr | publisher = Al Saadawi Publications | year = 1996 |isbn = 978-1-881963-49-3}} * {{cite book| last = Al-Tabari | first = Muhammad ibn Jarir | title = History of the Prophets and Kings, translation and commentary issued in multiple volumes 1987 to 1996 | publisher = SUNY Press | author-link = Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari }} volumes 6–17 are relevant. * {{cite book|last = Cleary|first = Thomas|title = Living and Dying with Grace: Counsels of Hadrat Ali|url = https://archive.org/details/livingdyingwithg0000thom| publisher=Shambhala Publications, Incorporated|year = 1996|isbn = 978-1-57062-211-3 }} * {{cite book|last = Corn|first = Patricia|title = Medieval Islamic Political Thought|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|year = 2005|isbn = 978-0-7486-2194-1}} * {{cite book|last = Gordagh| first = George|title = Ali, The Voice of Human Justice|year = 1956|isbn = 978-0-941724-24-1}}(in Arabic) * {{cite book| last = Kattani | first = Sulayman | title = Imam 'Ali: Source of Light, Wisdom and Might, translation by I.K.A. Howard | publisher = Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | year = 1983 |isbn = 978-0-9506986-6-3}} * {{cite book|last = Khatab| first = Amal|title = Battles of Badr and Uhud|publisher = Ta-Ha Publishers|year = 1996|isbn = 978-1-897940-39-6}} * {{cite book| last = Lakhani | first = M. Ali | author2 = Reza Shah-Kazemi | author3 = Leonard Lewisohn | title = The Sacred Foundations of Justice in Islam: The Teachings of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, Contributor Dr Seyyed Hossein Nasr | publisher = World Wisdom, Inc | year = 2007 |isbn = 978-1-933316-26-0 | author2-link = Reza Shah-Kazemi }} * {{citation |author=Wilferd Madelung|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2QKBUwBUWWkC|title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate|date=15 October 1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-64696-3|ref={{sfnref|Wilferd Madelung|1998}}}} * {{cite book| last = Motahhari | first = Morteza | author-link = Morteza Motahhari | title = Glimpses of the Nahj Al-Balaghah, translated by Ali Quli Qara'i | publisher = Islamic Culture and Relations Organisation | year = 1997 |isbn = 978-964-472-071-0}} * {{cite book| last = Motahhari| first = Morteza| title = Polarization Around the Character of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib| publisher = World Organization for Islamic Services, Tehran| year = 1981| url = http://www.alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/Polarization/polarization/| author-link = Morteza Motahhari| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011211327/http://alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/Polarization/polarization/| archive-date = 11 October 2007| df = dmy-all}} * {{citation |first=Barnaby |last=Rogerson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExbdVf5fFmUC|title=The Heirs of the Prophet Muhammad: And the Roots of the Sunni-Shia Schism|date=4 November 2010|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=978-0-7481-2470-1|ref={{sfnref|Barnaby Rogerson|2010}}|author-link = Barnaby Rogerson}} * {{citation |first=Barnaby |last=Rogerson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzyBPwAACAAJ|title=The Heirs of Muhammad: Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni-Shia Split|date=2008|publisher=Overlook|isbn=978-1-59020-022-3|ref={{sfnref|Barnaby Rogerson|2008}}}} * {{cite book|last = Shah-Kazemi |first = Reza | title = Justice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam Ali | publisher = I.B.Tauris |year = 2007 |isbn = 978-1-84511-526-5}} ;Encyclopedia * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186|title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]|first1=Coeli|last1=Fitzpatrick|first2=Adam Hani|last2=Walker|date=25 April 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-178-9|via=Google Books}} * {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia of Islam|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]]|publisher = Brill|year = 2004|id = E-|issn=1573-3912}} * {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}} * {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1|last = Martin|first = Richard C.|publisher = Macmillan|isbn = 978-0-02-865604-5|title = Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A-L|year = 2004}} * {{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Iranica]]| publisher = Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University| isbn = 978-1-56859-050-9}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Meri |first=Josef W. |author2=Jere L. Bacharach |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |year=2006 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-96691-7 |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Jones |first = Lindsay |encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Religion |year = 2004 |publisher = Gale Group |isbn = 978-0-02-865733-2 |url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2 }} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite book| last = Ahmed| first = M. Mukarram| title = Encyclopaedia of Islam| publisher = Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.| year = 2005|isbn = 978-81-261-2339-1 }} * {{cite book|author = Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid |author-link = Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid |title = Kitab Al-Irshad: The Book of Guidance into the Lives of the Twelve Imams |year = 1986 |publisher = Routledge Kegan & Paul |isbn = 978-0-7103-0151-2}} * {{cite book| last = Al-Tabari| first = Muhammad ibn Jarir| author-link = Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari| title = History of the Prophets and Kings, translation and commentary issued by R. Stephen Humphreys| publisher = SUNY Press| year = 1990|isbn = 978-0-7914-0154-5}} (volume XV.) * {{cite book|last = Ashraf|first = Shahid|title = Encyclopedia of Holy Prophet and Companions|year = 2005|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn = 978-81-261-1940-0}} * {{cite book|last = Chirri|first = Mohammad|title = The Brother of the Prophet Mohammad|year = 1982|publisher = Islamic Center of America, Detroit, Michigan. Alibris|isbn =978-0-942778-00-7}} * {{cite book|last = Corbin |first = Henry |author-link = Henry Corbin |title = History of Islamic Philosophy |location = London |publisher = Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies |year = 1993 |orig-year = 1964 |isbn = 978-0-7103-0416-2}} Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard. * {{cite book|last = Dakake|first = Maria Massi|title = The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam|publisher = SUNY Press|year = 2008|isbn = 978-0-7914-7033-6}} *{{cite book | last = Gaon |first = Sherira |author-link=Sherira Gaon |title=The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon |translator=[[Nosson Dovid Rabinowich]] | publisher=Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim|date=1988 |location=Jerusalem|language=en|oclc=923562173 |title-link=Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon}} * {{cite journal| last = Gleave| first = Robert M.| title = Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE| journal = Encyclopaedia of Islam Online| publisher = Brill| year = 2015|issn = 1573-3912}} * {{cite book|last = Halm|first = Heinz|title = Shi'ism|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|year = 2004|isbn = 978-0-7486-1888-0|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/shiism0000halm}} * {{cite book|last = Hamidullah|first = Muhammad|title = The Prophet's Establishing a State and His Succession|year = 1988|publisher = University of California|isbn = 978-969-8016-22-7}} * {{cite book|editor1-last = Holt |editor1-first = P.M. |editor2-last = Lambton |editor2-first = Ann K.S. |editor3-last = Lewis |editor3-first = Bernard |editor3-link = Bernard Lewis |title = Cambridge History of Islam |year = 1970 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |isbn = 978-0-521-29135-4}} * {{cite book|last = Kelen|first = Betty|title = Muhammad: The Messenger of God|url = https://archive.org/details/muhammadmessenge0000kele_r6d5|year = 2001|publisher = Taylor Production|isbn = 978-0-929093-12-3}} * {{cite book|last = Kelsay|first = John|title = Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics|url = https://archive.org/details/islamwarstudyinc0000kels|year = 1993|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press|isbn =978-0-664-25302-8}} * {{cite book| last = Lambton| first = Ann K. S.| title = Landlord and Peasant in Persia | url = https://archive.org/details/landlordpeasanti0000lamb_c8q8| publisher=I.B.Tauris| year = 1991|isbn = 978-1-85043-293-7}} * {{cite book| last = Lapidus| first = Ira| title = A History of Islamic Societies| url = https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2002| edition = 2nd|isbn = 978-0-521-77933-3}} * {{cite book |editor1-last = Lawson |editor1-first = Todd |title = Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy and Mysticism in Muslim Thought |url = https://archive.org/details/reasoninspiratio0000unse |publisher = I.B.Tauris |year = 2005 |isbn = 978-1-85043-470-2}} * {{cite book|last = Lewis|first = Bernard|author-link = Bernard Lewis|title = The Political Language of Islam|publisher = University of Chicago Press|year = 1991|isbn = 978-0-226-47693-3}} * {{cite book|last = Madelung|first = Wilferd|author-link = Wilferd Madelung|title = The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate|url = https://archive.org/details/successiontomuam0000made|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1997|isbn = 978-0-521-64696-3}} * {{cite book|last = Merrick|first = James L.|title = The Life and Religion of Mohammed as Contained in the Sheeah Traditions|publisher = Kessinger Publishing|year = 2005|isbn = 978-1-4179-5536-7}} * {{cite book|last= Momen|first= Moojan|title= An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism|url= https://archive.org/details/introductiontosh0000unse_d5k7| publisher= Yale University Press|year= 1985|isbn=978-0-300-03531-5}} * {{cite book|last1 = Nasr |first1 = Seyyed Hossein |last2 = Dabashi |first2 = Hamid |last3 = Nasr |first3 = Vali |author3-link = Vali Nasr |author-link = Seyyed Hossein Nasr |title = Expectation of the Millennium |url = https://archive.org/details/expectationofmil0000unse |publisher = Suny Press | year = 1989 |isbn=978-0-88706-843-0}} * {{cite book| last1 = Nasr | first1 = Seyyed Hossein | last2 = Leaman | first2 = Oliver | author2-link = Oliver Leaman | title = History of Islamic Philosophy | publisher = Routledge | year = 1996|isbn = 978-0-415-13159-9}} * {{cite book|last = Nasr|first = Seyyed Hossein|title = Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present|url = https://archive.org/details/islamicphilosoph0000nasr|publisher = SUNY Press| year = 2006|isbn = 978-0-7914-6799-2}} * {{cite book|last2=Ordoni |first2=Abu Muhammad |first1=Muhammad Kazim |last1=Qazwini |title=Fatima the Gracious |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |year=1992 | oclc=61565460|title-link=Fatima the Gracious }} * {{cite book|last = Peters|first = F. E.|title = The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition|url = https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0|url-access = registration|publisher = Princeton University Press|year = 2003|isbn = 978-0-691-11461-3}} * {{cite book| last = Redha| first = Mohammad| title = Imam Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (Imam Ali the Fourth Caliph, 1/1 Volume)| publisher = Dar Al Kotob Al ilmiyah| year = 1999|isbn = 978-2-7451-2532-3}} * {{cite book|last1=Rizvi|first1=Akhtar|last2=Saeed|first2=Sayyid|title=Imamate: The vicegerency of the Holy Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0f2qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|year=1988|publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania|isbn=978-9976-956-13-9|pages=24–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617094546/https://books.google.com/books?id=0f2qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|archive-date=17 June 2016}} * {{cite book|last = Robinson|first = Chase F.|title = Islamic Historiography|url = https://archive.org/details/islamichistoriog0000robi|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 2003|isbn = 978-0-521-62936-2}} * {{cite book|last = Shaban|first = Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ḥayy|title = Islamic History|url = https://archive.org/details/islamichistoryne00shab|url-access = registration|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1971|isbn = 978-0-521-29131-6}} * {{cite book | last = Singh | first = N.K. | title = Prophet Muhammad and His Companions | publisher = Global Vision Publishing Ho | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-81-87746-46-1 }} * {{cite book|last1 = Stearns |first1 = Peter N. |first2 = William Leonard |last2 = Langer |title = The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern |url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_i2x5 |publisher = Houghton Mifflin Books |year = 2001|isbn = 978-0-395-65237-4}} * {{cite book| last = Tabatabaei | first = Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn |author-link = Allameh Tabatabaei | title = Shi'ite Islam | url = https://archive.org/details/shiiteislam0000taba | publisher=Suny press | year = 1979 |isbn = 978-0-87395-272-9}}| Translated by [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]]. * {{cite book| last = Tabatabaei| first = Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn| title = The Quran in Islam: Its Impact and Influence on the Life of Muslims| publisher = Zahra| year = 1987| isbn = 978-0-7103-0265-6| url = https://archive.org/details/quraninislamitsi0000taba| df = dmy-all| url-access = registration}} * {{cite book|last = Watt |first = William Montgomery |author-link = William Montgomery Watt | title = Muhammad at Mecca | publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1953 |title-link = Muhammad at Mecca (book) }} * {{cite book|last = Zeitlin|first = Irving M.|title = The Historical Muhammad|url = https://archive.org/details/historicalmuhamm0000zeit|publisher = Polity|year = 2007|isbn = 978-0-7456-3998-7}} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== ===شیعه بیوقرافیسی=== * [http://www.al-islam.com/articles/life-commander-faithful-ali-ibn-abu-talib The Life of the Commander of the Faithful Ali Ibn Abu Talib (as) ]{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by [[Shaykh Mufid]] in Kitab al-Irshad * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071205021213/http://www.imamalinet.net/en/indexe.htm Website devoted to the Life of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib] * [http://www.alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/ABiographical/ahlulbayt14/imam-ali.html A Biographical Profile of Imam Ali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909182938/http://www.alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/ABiographical/ahlulbayt14/imam-ali.html |date=2018-09-09 }} by Syed Muhammad Askari Jafari * [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/00_ali_bin_talib.htm Online Biography by Witness-Pioneer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208133950/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/00_ali_bin_talib.htm |date=2008-12-08 }} ===سوزلر=== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160105111729/http://www.think-deep.org/ A Website featuring validated/referenced quotes of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib] * [http://en.abna24.com/service/iran/archive/2016/04/17/747949/story.html "Shadow of the Sun" published on first Shia Imam, a collection of 110 hadiths from Prophet (s) concerning the character of Ali.] {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[بنی هاشم]]|15 September|601|29 January|661|[[قریش]]|name=Ali}} {{S-rel|sh}} {{S-bef|before=[[محمد]]|as=[[Khatam an-Nabiyyin|Final prophet]]|rows=4}} {{S-ttl|title=[[اون ایکی ایمام]]{{آریت}}[[زیدیه]] [[Imam]]{{آریت}}[[کیسانیلر]] [[Imam]]{{آریت}}[[Batiniyya|Batini]] [[List of Isma'ili imams|Isma'ili Imam]]|years=632–661}} {{S-aft|after=[[حسن ابن علی]]|as=Imam|rows=2}} {{S-ttl|title=Asās/Wāsih{{آریت}}in [[مُستعلیه]] [[ایسماعیلیه]]|years=632–661}} {{S-break}} {{S-ttl|title=[[نزاریه]] [[List of Isma'ili imams|Isma'ili Imam]]|years=632–661|rows=2}} {{S-aft|after=[[حسن ابن علی]]|as=Mustawda}} {{S-aft|after=[[حسین ابن علی]]|as=Imam}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[محمد]]}} {{S-tul|title=[[Succession to Muhammad|Successor to Muhammad]]|years=632–656}} {{S-non|reason=Election to Caliphate}} {{S-bef|before=[[عثمان بن عفان]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[راشدین خلیفه‌لری]]|years=656–661}} {{S-aft|after=[[حسن ابن علی]]}} {{S-other|Tribal titles}} {{S-bef|before=[[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chief of [[بنی هاشم]]|years=653–661}} {{S-aft|after=?}} {{S-end}} {{راشدین خلیفه‌لر}} {{Shia Imams}} {{Ten companions of Muhammad}} {{Ali's companions}} {{Islam topics|state = collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:ایماملار]] [[بؤلمه:دؤرد خلیفه]] [[بؤلمه:شیعه ایماملاری]] [[بؤلمه:صحابه]] [[بؤلمه:۷-جی میلادی قرنینده خلیفه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:اؤلدورولموش خلیفه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:راشدین خلیفه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:موسلمان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:عرب ژنراللار]] 4ly1hzj0tngsrz3grn66h37tofj62vp 0 11234 1590712 1568530 2026-07-15T09:58:30Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state | official_name = آرکانزاس ایالتی | name = آرکانزاس | image_flag = Flag of Arkansas.svg | flag_link = Flag of Arkansas | image_seal = Seal of Arkansas.svg | seal_link = Great Seal of Arkansas | image_map = Arkansas in United States.svg | nickname = The Natural State (current){{جیزیق باشی}}The Bear State (former) | motto = ''[[Regnat populus]]'' ([[لاتین دیلی|لاتینجه]]: The People Rule) | anthem = "[[Arkansas (song)|Arkansas]]", "[[Arkansas (You Run Deep in Me)]]", "[[Oh, Arkansas]]", and "[[The Arkansas Traveler (song)|The Arkansas Traveler]]" | Former = آرکانزاس اراضیسی | seat = [[لیتل راک، آرکانزاس|لیتل راک]] | OfficialLang = [[شابلون:Official languages of U.S. states and territories|اینگیلیسجه]] | population_demonym = [[Adjectivals and demonyms for U.S. states|Arkansan{{جیزیق باشی}}Arkansawyer{{جیزیق باشی}}Arkanite]]<ref>Blevins 2009, p. 2.</ref> | LargestCity = capital | LargestMetro = [[سنترال، آرکانزاس]] | Governor = {{Nowrap|[[ایسا هاچینسن]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری نین جومهوریت حیزبی|ج]])}} | Lieutenant Governor= {{Nowrap|[[تیم قریفین]] (ج)}} | Legislature = [[Arkansas General Assembly]] | Upperhouse = [[Arkansas Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Arkansas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Arkansas Supreme Court]] | Senators = {{Nowrap|[[جان بوزمن]] (ج)}}{{جیزیق باشی}}{{Nowrap|[[تام کاتن]] (ج)}} | Representative = 4 Republicans | postal_code = AR | TradAbbreviation = Ark. | area_rank = ۲۹-جی<ref name=2010census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf|title=United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|page=89|date=September 2012|access-date=February 1, 2020}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 137,732 | area_total_sq_mi = 53,179 | area_land_km2 = 134,771 | area_land_sq_mi = 52,035 | area_water_km2 = 2,961 | area_water_sq_mi = 1,143 | area_water_percent = 2.15 | population_as_of = ۲۰۲۰ | population_rank = ۳۴-جی | 2010Pop = 3,013,756<ref name="Bureau 2021">{{cite web | last=Bureau | first=US Census | title=2020 Census Apportionment Results | website=The United States Census Bureau | date=2021-04-26 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html | access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> | MedianHouseholdIncome = $45,869 | IncomeRank = ۴۹-جی | population_density_rank = ۳۴-جی | 2000Density = 21.8 | 2000DensityUS = 56.4 | AdmittanceOrder = ۲۵-جی | AdmittanceDate = ژوئن ۱۵، ۱۸۳۶ | timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]] | utc_offset1 = −06:00 | timezone1_DST = CDT | utc_offset1_DST = −05:00 | Latitude = 33° 00′ N to 36° 30′ N | Longitude = 89° 39′ W to 94° 37′ W | width_km = 435 | width_mi = 270 | length_km = 386 | length_mi = 240 | elevation_max_point= | elevation_max_m = 839 | elevation_max_ft = 2,753 | elevation_m = 200 | elevation_ft = 650 | elevation_min_point= | elevation_min_m = 17 | elevation_min_ft = 55 | iso_code = US-AR | website = www.arkansas.gov }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols |Name = Arkansas |Flag = Flag of Arkansas.svg |Seal = Seal of Arkansas.svg |Bird = [[Northern mockingbird|Mockingbird]] |Butterfly = [[Diana fritillary]] |Flower = [[آلما]] blossom |Insect = [[Western honeybee]] |Mammal = [[White-tailed deer]] |Tree = [[Pinus taeda|Pine tree]] |Beverage = [[سود]] |Dance = [[Square dance]] |Food = [[پکان]] |Gemstone = [[Diamond]] |Mineral = [[Quartz]] |Rock = [[Bauxite]] |Soil = [[Stuttgart (soil)|Stuttgart]] |Other = [[Tomato|South Arkansas vine ripe pink tomato]] (state fruit and vegetable) |Route Marker = Arkansas_1.svg |Quarter = 2003 AR Proof.png |QuarterReleaseDate = ۲۰۰۳ }} '''آرکانزاس''' [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لری|آمریکا]] اؤلکه‌سینین بیر [[آمریکا ایالتلری|ایالتی]] دیر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} * {{cite journal | last1= Arnold | first1= Morris S | title= The Significance of the Arkansas Colonial Experience | pages= 69–82 |volume= 51 |date= Spring 1992 |journal = Arkansas Historical Quarterly| issue= 1 | doi= 10.2307/40038202 | jstor= 40038202 }} * {{cite book | last4= Whayne | first4= Jeannie M | last2= DeBlack | first2= Thomas A | last3= Sabo III | first3= George | last1= Arnold | first1= Morris S. | title= Arkansas: A narrative history | edition= 1st | year= 2002 | publisher= The University of Arkansas Press | location= Fayetteville, AR | isbn= 978-1-55728-724-3 | oclc= 49029558 | url-access= registration | url= https://archive.org/details/arkansasnarrativ0000unse }} * {{Cite book |last=Blevins |first= Brooks |title= Arkansas/Arkansaw, How Bear Hunters, Hillbillies & Good Ol' Boys Defined a State |url=https://archive.org/details/arkansasarkansaw0000blev |location= Fayetteville, AR |year= 2009 | publisher= [[University of Arkansas Press]] | isbn= 978-1-55728-952-0 }} * {{cite journal |last= Bolton |first= S. Charles |title= Slavery and the Defining of Arkansas |journal= The Arkansas Historical Quarterly |date= Spring 1999 |volume= 58 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–23 |doi= 10.2307/40026271 |jstor= 40026271 }} * {{cite book |last= Fletcher |first= John Gould |title= Arkansas |year= 1989 |volume= 2 |editor-last = Carpenter |editor-first= Lucas |publisher= University of Arkansas Press |location= Fayetteville, AR | isbn = 978-1-55728-040-4 |oclc= 555740849}} * {{cite journal |last= Johnson |first= William R. |title= Prelude to the Missouri Compromise: A New York Congressman's Effort to Exclude Slavery from Arkansas Territory | journal = Arkansas Historical Quarterly |volume= 24 |date= Spring 1965 |issue= 1 |pages= 47–66|doi= 10.2307/40023964 |jstor= 40023964 }} * {{cite journal |title= Arkansas Statehood: A Study in State and National Political Schism |first= Jack B | last = Scroggs |pages= 227–244 |volume= 20 |date= Autumn 1961 | journal = Arkansas Historical Quarterly|issue= 3 |doi= 10.2307/40038048 |jstor= 40038048 }} * {{cite book |last= Smith |first= Richard M. |title= The Atlas of Arkansas |url= https://archive.org/details/atlasofarkansas0000unse |publisher= The University of Arkansas Press |year= 1989 |isbn= 978-1557280473}} * {{Cite journal |title= Arkansas Territorial Indian Affairs |first= Lonnie J. |last= White |journal= Arkansas Historical Quarterly |volume= 21 |date= Autumn 1962 |issue= 3 |pages= 193–212 |doi= 10.2307/40018929 |jstor= 40018929 }} * {{Cite book |title= The Arkansas Handbook |url= https://archive.org/details/arkansashandbook0000suth |last= Sutherlin |first= Diann |year= 1996 | edition= 2nd | publisher = Fly By Night Press |location= Little Rock, Arkansas |isbn= 978-0-932531-03-2 |lccn= 95-90761}} * {{Cite book | title= The WPA Guide to 1930s Arkansas | year= 1987 | edition= 1st paperback | series = [[Federal Writers' Project]] |publisher= University Press of Kansas |location= [[لاورنس، کانزاس]] | orig-year = 1941 | isbn =978-0700603411 |lccn= 87-81307}} * [http://www.arkansas.gov/ Arkansas.gov]—Official State Website * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=05&StateName=Arkansas#.U8FpBLH-ItU Arkansas State Facts from USDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824212729/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=05&StateName=Arkansas#.U8FpBLH-ItU |date=2016-08-24 }} * [http://www.arkansas.com Official State tourism website] * [http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/ ''Encyclopedia of Arkansas''] * [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=AR Energy & Environmental Data for Arkansas] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110104031416/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/05000.html U.S. Census Bureau] * [http://www2.census.gov/census_2000/datasets/demographic_profile/Arkansas/2kh05.pdf 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Arkansas], [[U.S. Census Bureau]] * [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=AR USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Arkansas] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728123638/http://www.summercampsus.com/arkansas-summer-camps/ Arkansas Summer Camps] * [http://www.arkshakes.com Arkansas Shakespeare Theatre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219003526/https://www.arkshakes.com/ |date=2020-12-19 }} * {{Ballotpedia|Arkansas|Arkansas}} * {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Arkansas}} * {{OSM relation|161646}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081013051630/http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/data/ar_code.asp Arkansas State Code (the state statutes of Arkansas)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075409/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Arkansas Arkansas State Databases]—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arkansas state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association. {{جیزیق باشی}}<!--to put visual space between the last information and the following template if needed--> {{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[میزوری ایالتی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینه قوشولان ایالترین لیستی تاریخ اساسیندا]]|years=ژوئن ۱۵، ۱۸۳۶ قبول ائدیلدی (۲۵-جی)}} {{S-aft|after=[[میشیقان ایالتی]]}} {{S-end}} {{آرکانزاس ایالتی|expanded}} {{بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین سیاسی بؤلگوسو}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|34.8938|-92.4426|dim:300000_region:US-AR_type:adm1st|name=State of Arkansas|display=title}} [[بؤلمه:آرکانزاس| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[بؤلمه:۱۸۳۶ - جی ایلینده آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:جنوبی مرکزی بیرلشمیش ایالتلر]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جنوبو]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۳۶ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[Category:States of the Confederate States]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایالتلری]] pgrjkr5jgtcarzm48cvhefphb8ghnwp 0 11260 1590590 1583323 2026-07-14T15:05:28Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state |Name = Connecticut |Fullname = State of Connecticut |Flag = Flag of Connecticut.svg |Seal = Seal of Connecticut.svg |Flaglink = [[Flag of Connecticut|Flag]] |Map = Connecticut in United States (zoom).svg |Nickname = {{Plain list| * The Constitution State (official) * The Nutmeg State * The Provisions State * The Land of Steady Habits}} |Motto = {{Plain list| * ''[[Qui transtulit sustinet]]'' ([[لاتین دیلی]]) * He who transplanted still sustains<ref name=SOTS/>}} |StateAnthem = [[Yankee Doodle]] |Former = Connecticut Colony |Capital = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]<ref>{{cite web |title=General Description and Facts |publisher=State of Connecticut |url=http://portal.ct.gov/about/ |accessdate=2017-12-22 |archivedate=2015-10-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016141503/http://portal.ct.gov/about/ }}</ref> |LargestMetro = [[Greater Hartford]]<ref>{{cite report |title=Table B-1. Metropolitan Areas – Area and Population |work=State and Metropolitan Area Data Book: 2006 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |date=July 2006 |url=http://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2006/compendia/smadb06/tableB/all-tabB.pdf}}</ref> | |LargestCity = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Population Estimate |website=[[American FactFinder]] |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |access-date=October 25, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gpGlyhlr?url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |archivedate=April 17, 2016 |df=mdy }}</ref> |Demonym = {{Plain list| * Connecticuter<ref>{{Cite journal |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |title=Style Manual |year=2000 |at=§5.23 |url=http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831023726/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/ |archivedate=August 31, 2008 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831023726/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/ |date=2008-08-31 }}</ref> * Connecticutian<ref>{{cite web |title=Connecticutian |work=Merriam-Webster Online |url=http://nws.merriam-webster.com/opendictionary/newword_search.php?word=Connecticutian |access-date=October 25, 2015 |accessdate=2017-12-22 |archivedate=2015-12-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231223637/http://nws.merriam-webster.com/opendictionary/newword_search.php?word=Connecticutian }}</ref> * [[Nutmegger]]<ref>{{cite web |work=eReference Desk |title=State Resident's Names |url=http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-name/resident-names.html |access-date=October 25, 2015 |accessdate=2017-12-22 |archivedate=2015-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117111227/http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-name/resident-names.html }}</ref>}} |Governor = [[Dannel Malloy|Dannel P. Malloy]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]]) |Lieutenant Governor = [[Nancy Wyman]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]]) |Legislature = [[Connecticut General Assembly|General Assembly]] |Upperhouse = [[Connecticut Senate|Senate]] |Lowerhouse = [[Connecticut House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] |Senators = [[Richard Blumenthal]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]])<br>[[Chris Murphy (Connecticut politician)|Christopher S. Murphy]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]]) |Representative = 5 Democrats |PostalAbbreviation = CT |OfficialLang = None |AreaRank = 48th |TotalArea = 14,357 |TotalAreaUS = 5,567 |LandArea = 12,559 |LandAreaUS = 4,849 |WaterArea = 1,809 |WaterAreaUS = 698 |PCWater = 12.6 |PopRank = 29th |2010Pop = 3,576,452 (2016 est.)<ref name=PopHousingEst>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |date=June 22, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2017|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> |DensityRank = 4th |2000Density = 285 |2000DensityUS = 739 |MedianHouseholdIncome = $72,889<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref> |IncomeRank = 2nd |AdmittanceOrder = 5th |AdmittanceDate = January 9, 1788 |TimeZone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern]]: [[دونیانین ایستاندارد زمانی]] [[Eastern Time Zone|−5]]/[[Eastern Daylight Time|−4]] |Longitude = 71°47′ W to 73°44′ W |Latitude = 40°58′ N to 42°03′ N |Width = 177 |WidthUS = 110 |Length = 113 |LengthUS = 70 |HighestPoint = [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] border on south slope of [[Mount Frissell]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|title=Highest and Lowest Elevations |website=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest |accessdate=October 25, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183109/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=November 9, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> |HighestElev = 725 |HighestElevUS = 2,379 |MeanElev = 150 |MeanElevUS = 500 |LowestPoint = [[Long Island Sound]]<ref name=USGS/><ref name=NAVD88 /> |LowestElev = 0 |LowestElevUS = 0 |ISOCode = US-CT |TradAbbreviation = Conn. |Website = www.ct.gov }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols <!-- Sources:http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/ct_symb.htm--> |Name =Connecticut |Flag =Flag of Connecticut.svg |Flagsize =175px |Seal =Seal of Connecticut.svg |Bird =[[American robin]] |Insect =[[دودللییلر]] |Fish =[[American shad]] |Flower =[[Kalmia latifolia|Mountain laurel]] |Tree =[[Quercus alba|White oak]] |Gemstone =[[Garnet]] |Motto =''[[Qui Transtulit Sustinet]]'' (He Who Transplanted Still Sustains.) |Song ="[[Yankee Doodle]]" |Route marker =Connecticut_Highway_2.svg |Quarter =1999_CT_Proof.png |Quarter release date = 1999 }} '''کانتیکت''' [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه سینین بیر ایالتی دیر. == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Connecticut)|Connecticut]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور. (۲۲ آقوست ۲۰۱۷ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). == ائشیک باغلانتی‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Connecticut | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکانین ان اۆست دۆزئی ایداری بیریملری}} {{آمریکاایالترین باشکندلری}} [[بؤلمه:آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] h9e1ott905lz8oxmq680rm2hhp8cqho 0 11399 1590725 1590503 2026-07-15T10:36:36Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Muawiyah I <br /> معاوية | alt = | image = | caption = Lead seal of Mu'awiya's dismissal of [[Abdallah ibn Amir]], {{Circa|664}} | title = [[List of Caliphs|Khalīfah]] | succession1 = 1st [[خیلافت]] of the [[اومویلر خیلافتی]] | predecessor1 = ''Dynasty established'' <br/> [[حسن ابن علی]] (as non-Umayyad caliph) | successor1 = [[يزيد بن معاويه]] | reign1 = 661–680 | succession2 = [[Governor]] of [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] | reign2 = 639–661 | reign-type2 = In Office | predecessor2 = [[Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan]] | successor2 = ''Post discontinued'' | spouse = {{Plainlist| * Katwa bint Qurayza al-Nawfaliyya * Fakhita bint Qurayza al-Nawfaliyya * [[Maysun bint Bahdal|Maysun bint Bahdal al-Kalbiyya]] * Na'ila bint Umara al-Kalbiyya }} | issue = {{Plainlist| *[[يزيد بن معاويه]] *Abd Allah *Ramla (daughter)}} | full name = Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān <br /> ({{Lang|ar|معاوية ابن أبي سفيان}}) | house = [[Umayyad dynasty|Sufyanid]] | dynasty = [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]] | father = [[ابوسفیان]] | mother = [[Hind bint Utba]] | birth_date = {{Circa|597–605}} | birth_place = [[مکه]] | death_date = April 680 | death_place = [[دمشق]] | burial_place = [[Bab al-Saghir]], Damascus | religion = [[ایسلام]] }} '''معاویه بن ابوسفیان''' (دوْغوم ۶۰۲ - اؤلوم ۶۸۰)٬اوموی خلیفه‌لیگی‌نین قۇروجوسو. مۆسلمان اوْلمادان اؤنجه [[اوحود دویوشو|اوحود دؤیوشو]]نده و [[خندک دویوشو|احزاب دؤیوشو]]نده مکّه مۆشریک‌لرین باشچی‌سی اوْلاراق [[حضرت محمد (ص)|محمد]] باشچی‌لیغینداکی مۆسلمان‌لارا قارشی ساواشان ابوسفیان بن حرب‌ین اوْغلودور. آناسی قورئیشین باشقانلاریندان اوْلان عتبه بن ربیعه‌نین قیزی هند بنت عتبه‌دیر. [[ایمام علی (ع)|ایمام علی]] ایله ساواشدا٬ میصری اله کئچیردی و علی‌نین ۶۶۱ اؤلدورولمه‌سیندن سوْنرا خلیفه‌لیگی ایمام حسن‌دن سؤز آلاراق اعلان ائتدی. ۶۶۱-دن ۶۸۰-دک ایسلام دؤولتی‌نی ایداره ائتدی. ==اوموی خلیفه‌لری== {| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="۲" |- | width="40%" align="center" | '''خلیفه‌لیک ایللری''' ۶۶۱-۶۸۰ میلادی | width="30%" align="center" | سونراکی:{{جب}}'''[[يزيد بن معاویه]]''' |} == قایناقلار == {{ویکی قایناقلاماسی|باغلانتی=https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I._Muaviye&oldid=16127861 |باشلیق=I. Muaviye |دیل=آنادوْلو تۆرکجه‌سی |یوخلاما=}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== *{{cite journal |last1=Athamina |first1=Khalil |title=The Appointment and Dismissal of Khalid ibn al-Walid from the Supreme Command: A Study of the Political Strategy of the Early Muslim Caliphs in Syria |journal=Arabica |date=July 1994 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=253–272 |publisher=Brill|jstor=4057449 |doi=10.1163/157005894X00191 }} *{{cite book|last=Bewley |first=Aisha Abdurrahman |title=Mu'awiya: Restorer of the Muslim Faith |year=2002 |publisher=Dar Al Taqwa |isbn=978-1-870582-56-8 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Marwān I b. al-Ḥakam |last=Bosworth |first=C.E. |authorlink=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |volume=6 |pages=621–623}} *{{cite journal |last1=Bosworth |first1=C. Edmund |author-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |title=Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |date=July 1996 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=157–164 |jstor=25183178 |doi=10.1017/S1356186300007161 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=ʿUkba b. Nāfiʿ |last=Christides |first=Vassilios |volume=10 |pages=789–790}} *{{cite journal |last1=Crone |first1=Patricia |title=Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties? |date=1994 |journal=Der Islam |volume=71 |issue=1 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co. |location=Berlin |issn=0021-1818 |pages=1–57 |doi=10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1 |s2cid=154370527 }} *{{cite encyclopedia |article=Caliphate |last=De Goeje |first=M. J. |author-link=Michael Jan de Goeje |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, Volume V: Calhoun to Chatelaine |edition=11th |location=New York |date=1910 |pages=35–54 |oclc=62674231 }} *{{Citation|last=Dixon |first='Abd al-Ameer |title=The Umayyad Caliphate 65–86/684–705: A Political Study |publisher=University of London SOAS |location=London |date=August 1969}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|title=Kalb b. Wabara—Islamic Period |first=A. A. |last=Dixon |volume=4 |pages=493–494}} *{{cite book |last1=Donner |first1=Fred M. |author-link=Fred M. Donner |title=The Early Islamic Conquests |year=1981 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=0-691-05327-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5__AwAAQBAJ }} *{{cite book |last=El-Cheikh |first=Nadia Maria| title=Byzantium viewed|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumviewedb0000elch | edition=2004| year=2004| publisher=Harvard CMES| isbn=978-0-932885-30-2}} *{{cite book |last1=Elad |first1=Amikam |title=Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage |date=1999 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-10010-5 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDz_yctbQVgC }} *{{cite journal |last1=Grabar |first1=Oleg |title=The Earliest Islamic Commemorative Structures, Notes and Documents |journal=Ars Orientalis |date=1966 |volume=6 |pages=7–46 |jstor=4629220 }} *{{cite book |last1=Foss |first1=Clive |editor1-last=Haldon |editor1-first=John |chapter=Muʿāwiya's State |title=Money, Power and Politics in Early Islamic Syria: A Review of Current Debates |date=2010 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Farnham, Surrey |isbn=978-0-7546-6849-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yftfrWhKH2oC }} *{{cite journal |last1=Foss |first1=Clive |title=Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |date=2009 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=259–278 |jstor=40379004 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X09000512 |doi-access=free }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Khālid b. al-Walīd |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |authorlink=H. A. R. Gibb |volume=1 |page=85}} *{{cite journal |last1=Hasson |first1=Isaac |title=Remarques sur l'inscription de l'époque de Mu'āwiya à Ḥammat Gader |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_israel-exploration-journal_1982_32_2-3/page/97 |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |date=1982 |volume=32 |issue=2/3 |pages=97–102 |language=fr |jstor=27925830 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Ziyād b. Abīhi |last=Hasson |first=I. |volume=11 |pages=519–522}} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=17 |url={{Google books||plainurl=y}}}} *{{The First Dynasty of Islam |edition=Second}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|last=Hawting |first=G. R. |title=Yazīd (I) b. Muʿāwiya |volume=11 |pages=309–311}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Makhzūm |last=Hinds |first=M. |authorlink=Martin Hinds |volume=6 |pages=137–140}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān |last=Hinds |first=M. |volume=7 |pages=263–268}} *{{cite journal |last1=Hirschfeld |first1=Yizhar |title=The History and Town-Plan of Ancient Ḥammat Gādẹ̄r |journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins |date=1987 |volume=103 |pages=101–116 |jstor=27931308 }} *{{cite book |last1=Holland |first1=Tom |title=In the Shadow of the Sword |date=2012 |publisher=Doubleday |location=UK |isbn=978-0-385-53135-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1f_BR2DulRIC&q=in+the+shadow+of+the+sword+holland |access-date=29 August 2019 |ref=THItSotS2012}} *{{cite book |last1=Hoyland |first1=Robert G. |editor1-last=Reinink |editor1-first=G. J. |editor2-last=Klugkist |editor2-first=A. C. |title=After Bardaisan: Studies on Continuity and Change in Syriac Christianity in Honour of Professor Han J. W. Drijvers |date=1999 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |location=Leuven |isbn=90-429-0735-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b4ADqorY1oC |chapter=Jacob of Edessa on Islam }} *{{cite book |last1=Hoyland |first1=Robert G. |title=In God's Path: the Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/ingodspatharabco0000hoyl |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press}} *{{cite book |last1=Humphreys |first1=R. Stephen |title=Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire |date=2006 |publisher=Oneworld |isbn=1-85168-402-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BINxAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathīr|first=Ismā'īl ibn 'Umar |title=The Caliphate of Banu Umayyah The First Phase Taken from Al-Bidayah Wan-nihayah |year=2012 |isbn=9786035000802}} *{{cite journal |last1=Jandora |first1=J. W. |title=Developments in Islamic Warfare: The Early Conquests |journal=Studia Islamica |date=1986 |issue=64 |pages=101–113 |doi=10.2307/1596048 |jstor=1596048 }} *{{cite book |last=Jankowiak |first=Marek |chapter=The First Arab Siege of Constantinople |pages=237–320 |title=Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century |editor-last=Zuckerman |editor-first=Constantin |publisher=Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance |location=Paris |year=2013 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/7091574 }} *{{cite book |last=Kaegi |first=Walter E. |author-link=Walter Kaegi |title=Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-41172-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvPVEb17uzkC }} *{{cite book |last1=Kaegi |first1=Walter E. |title=Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-19677-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zexq5Hl42mQC }} *{{Cambridge History of Egypt | volume=1 |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |chapter=Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868 |pages=62–85 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC&pg=PA62 }} * {{Kennedy-The Armies of the Caliphs}} * {{Kennedy-The Great Arab Conquests}} *{{The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates |edition=Second}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|last1=Lammens |first1=Henri |authorlink=Henri Lammens |volume=1 |title=Baḥdal |pages=919–920}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Ṣiffīn |last=Lecker |first=M. |volume=9 |pages=552–556}} *{{cite book |last=Lilie |first=Ralph-Johannes | authorlink = Ralph-Johannes Lilie |title=Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd. |language=de |publisher=Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universität München |location=Munich |year=1976 |oclc=797598069 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Lynch |first1=Ryan J. |title=Cyprus and Its Legal and Historiographical Significance in Early Islamic History |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=July–September 2016 |volume=136 |issue=3 |pages=535–550 |jstor=10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535 |doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535 }} *{{cite book |last1=Madelung |first1=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |date=1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-56181-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2QKBUwBUWWkC }} *{{cite book |last1=Marsham |first1=Andrew |editor1-last=Beihammer |editor1-first=Alexander |editor2-last=Constantinou |editor2-first=Stavroula |editor3-last=Parani |editor3-first=Maria |title=Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden and Boston |isbn=978-90-04-25686-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WJTAQAAQBAJ |chapter=The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE |pages=87–114 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Miles |first1=George C. |title=Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-near-eastern-studies_1948-10_7_4/page/236 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |date=October 1948 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=236–242 |jstor=542216 |doi=10.1086/370887 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Al-Rashid |first1=Saad bin Abdulaziz |title=Sadd al-Khanaq: An Early Umayyad Dam near Medina, Saudi Arabia |journal=Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies |date=2008 |volume=38 |pages=265–275 |publisher=Archaeopress|jstor=41223953 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_History_of_al_Tabari_Vol_18.html?id=9DHhZ5Wwo_YC}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Tanūkh |last=Shahid |first=I. |volume=10 |pages=190–192 |ref={{SfnRef|Shahid|2000a}}}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Ṭayyīʾ |last=Shahid |first=I. |volume=10 |pages=402–403 |ref={{SfnRef|Shahid|2000b}}}} *{{cite book |last1=Shahid |first1=Irfan |author-link=Irfan Shahid |title=Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 2 |date=2009 |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection |location=Washington, D. C. |isbn=978-0-88402-347-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js30HODt2aYC }} *{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Aram A. |editor1-last=Cobb |editor1-first=Paul M. |title=The Lineaments of Islam: Studies in Honor of Fred McGraw Donner |date=2012 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden and Boston |isbn=978-90-04-21885-7 |pages=177–208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfIyAQAAQBAJ |chapter=In Defense of Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: Treatises and Monographs on Mu’awiya from the Eighth to Nineteenth Centuries}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Filasṭīn – I. Palestine under Islamic Rule |last=Sourdel |first=D. |authorlink=Dominique Sourdel |volume=2 |pages=910–913}} *{{cite journal |last1=Sprengling |first1=Martin |title=From Persian to Arabic |journal=The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures |date=April 1939 |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=175–224 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |jstor=528934 |doi=10.1086/370538 }} *{{cite book |last=Stratos |first=Andreas N. |author-link = Andreas Stratos |title=Byzantium in the Seventh Century, Volume IV: 668–685 |publisher=Adolf M. Hakkert |year=1978 |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789025606657 }} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Abū Sufyān |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |authorlink=W. Montgomery Watt |volume=1 |page=151 |ref={{SfnRef|Watt|1960a}}}} *{{Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition|article=Badr |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |volume=1 |pages=866–867 |ref={{SfnRef|Watt|1960b}}}} *{{The Arab Kingdom and its Fall}} ==آرتیق اوخو== *{{cite book| last = Doi| first = A.R.| title = Non-Muslims Under Shari'Ah| url = https://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-BGH-162| year = 1981| publisher = Kazi Publications| isbn = 978-1-56744-170-3 }} {{اوموی خلیفه‌لر}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:اموی لر خلافتی]] [[بؤلمه:عرب ژنراللار]] [[بؤلمه:۶۰۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] p4wesyx1bud7sky4smzqlmiij629ugz 0 11641 1590689 1558382 2026-07-15T09:05:48Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox programming language | title = Ruby | logo = [[File:Ruby logo.svg|frameless|100px]] | paradigm = [[Multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]: [[Object-oriented programming|Object-oriented]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Reflective programming|reflective]] | designer = [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]] | developer = Yukihiro Matsumoto, ''et al.'' | typing = [[Duck typing|Duck]], [[Dynamic typing|dynamic]], [[Strong typing|strong]] | scope = Lexical, sometimes dynamic | implementations = [[Ruby MRI]], [[YARV]], [[Rubinius]], [[MagLev (software)|MagLev]], [[JRuby]], [[MacRuby]], [[RubyMotion]], [[Mruby]] | influenced = [[Clojure]], [[CoffeeScript]], [[Crystal (programming language)|Crystal]], [[D (programming language)|D]], [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]], [[Falcon (programming language)|Falcon]], [[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]], [[Ioke (programming language)|Ioke]],<ref> {{cite web |url = http://ioke.org/ |title = Ioke |last = Bini |first = Ola |work = Ioke.org |accessdate = 2011-07-21 |quote = inspired by Io, Smalltalk, Lisp and Ruby |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721091046/http://www.ioke.org/ |archivedate = 2011-07-21 |df = }} </ref> [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://docs.julialang.org/en/stable/manual/introduction/ |title=Introduction — Julia Language 0.4.1 documentation |publisher= |accessdate=13 November 2015 |archivedate=2015-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030037/http://docs.julialang.org/en/stable/manual/introduction/ }}</ref> [[Mirah (programming language)|Mirah]], [[Nu (programming language)|Nu]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://programming.nu/about | title=About Nu™ | last=Burks | first=Tim | work=Programming Nu™ | publisher=Neon Design Technology, Inc. | accessdate=2011-07-21 | archivedate=2011-07-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724191313/http://programming.nu/about }}</ref> [[Reia (programming language)|Reia]], [[Ring (programming language)|Ring]],<ref name="Ring and other languages">{{cite web |url=http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/doc1.6/introduction.html#ring-and-other-languages |title=Ring and other languages |author=Ring Team |date=3 December 2017 |work=ring-lang.net |publisher=[[ring-lang]] |accessdate=2018-07-30 |archivedate=2018-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175312/http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/doc1.6/introduction.html#ring-and-other-languages }}</ref> [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]<ref name="lattner2014">{{cite web|url=http://nondot.org/sabre/|title=Chris Lattner's Homepage|last=Lattner|first=Chris|date=2014-06-03|accessdate=2014-06-03|publisher=Chris Lattner|quote=The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.}}</ref> | license = [[Ruby License|Ruby]], [[GNU GPL|GPLv2]] or [[2-clause BSD]] license<ref>{{cite web|url=http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/COPYING?view=markup|title=[ruby] Contents of /trunk/COPYING|publisher=|accessdate=2 May 2015|archivedate=2017-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052254/https://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/COPYING?view=markup}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/GPL?view=markup|title=[ruby] Contents of /trunk/GPL|publisher=|accessdate=2 May 2015|archivedate=2022-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321143223/https://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/GPL?view=markup}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/BSDL?view=markup|title=[ruby] Contents of /trunk/BSDL|publisher=|accessdate=2 May 2015|archivedate=2022-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321143246/https://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/BSDL?view=markup}}</ref> | website = {{url|www.ruby-lang.org}} | wikibooks = Ruby Programming | slogan = ''A programmer's best friend'' | year = {{Start date and age|1995}} | programming_language = [[سی (یازیلیملاما دیلی)]] | influenced_by = [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]],<ref name="nov2pro"/> [[سی++]],<ref name="nov2pro"/> [[CLU (programming language)|CLU]],<ref name="bini"/> [[Dylan (programming language)|Dylan]],<ref name="bini"/> [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]],<ref name="nov2pro"> {{cite book | last=Cooper | first=Peter | title=Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional | url=https://archive.org/details/beginningrubyfro0000coop_l9d5 | edition=2nd | series=Beginning from Novice to Professional | year=2009 | publisher=APress | location=Berkeley | isbn=1-4302-2363-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/beginningrubyfro0000coop_l9d5/page/101 101] | quote=To a lesser extent, Python, LISP, Eiffel, Ada, and C++ have also influenced Ruby.}} </ref> [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]],<ref name="bini"/> [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], [[Perl]],<ref name="bini"/> [[پایتون]],<ref name="bini"/> [[Smalltalk]]<ref name="bini"> {{cite book | last=Bini | first=Ola | title=Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java | url=https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon00bini | year=2007 | publisher=APress | location=Berkeley | isbn=1-59059-881-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon00bini/page/n30 3] | quote=It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU.}} </ref> | operating_system = [[Cross-platform]] | file_ext = .rb }} '''روبی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Ruby}})، بیر پروقراملاما دیلیدیر. بو دیل شئی یونلیملی(object oriented) اولاراق پرل و [[اسمال‌تاک]] خوصوصیتلرینه ده یییه‌دیر. روبی دیلینی ۱۹۹۰ اورتا ایللرینده [[ژاپون]]لو [[یوکیهیرو ماتسوموتو]] یاراتدی. [[فایل:Ruby_logo.svg|بندانگشتی|alt=روبی لوگوسو|روبی]] ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== [رسمی صفحه سی https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/] [[بؤلمه:یازیلیملاما دیللری]] 3xg7knxqzh64uddvxwbwydasc0hs5gm 0 11945 1590701 1579315 2026-07-15T09:23:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water|name=اقیانوس هند|image=Indian Ocean-CIA WFB Map.png|caption=Extent of the Indian Ocean according to [[اطلاعات‌نامه جهان]]|image_bathymetry=Indian Ocean bathymetry srtm.png|caption_bathymetry=The ocean-floor of the Indian Ocean is divided by spreading ridges and crisscrossed by aseismic structures|location=[[شبه‌قاره هند]]، [[جنوب شرق آسیا]]، [[آسیای غربی]]، [[شاخ آفریقا]]، [[شرق آفریقا]]، [[جنوب آفریقا]] و [[استرالیا]]|coords={{Coord|20|S|80|E|type:waterbody_scale:100000000|display=title,inline}}|type=Ocean|width={{convert|6,200|mi|km|abbr=on}}|area={{Convert|68,556,000|km2|abbr=on}}|depth={{Convert|3741|m|abbr=on}}|max-depth={{Convert|7258|m|abbr=on}}|reference=}} [[فایل:Indian Ocean.svg|بندانگشتی|200x200پیکسل|هیند اوقیانوسو خریطه اوستونده]] [[فایل:Africa_from_low_orbiting_satellite_Suomi_NPP.jpg|سول|بندانگشتی|300x300پیکسل|[[ناسا]]<nowiki/>نین گونئی آسیا و هیند اوقیانوسوندان گویدن چکدیگی گورونتو]] '''هیند اوقیانوسو''' یا دا '''ایندیا اوقیانوسو''' — یئر کوره‌سی‌نین ۲۰٪ نی قاپسایاراق دونیانین اۆچونجو بؤیۆک اوقیانوسو'دور. ۳۷ اؤلکه قیراقلاردان و ۱۷ اؤلکه از کیچیک سو باجالاریندان بو اوقیانوسا باغلانیرلار.   [[فایل:Indian_Ocean_-_en_IHO.png|بندانگشتی|The Indian Ocean, according to the CIA ''The World Factbook'' (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline - excluding marginal waterbodies).]] == قونشو اؤلکه‌لری == شو اولک{{ZAF}},  موزامبیک, {{MDG}}, '' سرزمین‌های قطب جنوب و جنوبی فرانسه'', {{FRA}} ([[رئونیون]]),  موریس, '' مایوت'',  کومور,  تانزانیا, {{SYC}}, {{KEN}}, {{SOM}}, {{DJI}}, {{ERI}}, {{SDN}}, {{EGY}} === آسیا === {{EGY}} ([[سینا یاریم آداسی|صحرای سینا]]),[[فیلیسطین|فلسطین]] , {{JOR}},  عربستان سعودی, {{YEM}}, {{OMN}}, {{ARE}},  قطر, {{BHR}}, {{KWT}}, {{IRQ}}, {{IRN}}, {{PAK}}, {{IND}}, {{MDV}}, '' قلمرو اقیانوس هند بریتانیا'', {{LKA}}, {{BGD}},  میانمار (میانمار),  تایلند, {{MYS}}, {{IDN}}, '' جزایر کوکوس'', '' جزیره کریسمس'' {{بایراقچه|AUS}} ''[[جزیره‌های آشمور و کارتیر]]'', {{IDN}},  تیمور شرقی,  استرالیا === گونئی هیند اوقیانوسو === {{بایراقچه|AUS}} ''[[جزیره هرد و جزایر مک‌دونالد]]'', '' سرزمین‌های قطب جنوب و جنوبی فرانسه'' == قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite journal | last = Allen | first = R. 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N. | last3 = Unnikrishnan | first3 = A. S. | title = The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean | year = 2002 | journal = Progress in Oceanography | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–120 | url = http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/18451/1/Progress_in_Oceanography.pdf | access-date = 28 December 2018 | doi = 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00024-1| bibcode = 2002PrOce..52...63S | citeseerx = 10.1.1.389.4733 | ref =harv}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Shankar|Vinayachandran|Unnikrishnan|2002}} --> * {{Cite report | editor1-last = Souter | editor1-first = D. | editor2-last = Lindén | editor2-first = O. | title = Coral reef degradation in the Indian Ocean: status report 2005 | year = 2005 | publisher = Coastal Oceans Research and Development – Indian Ocean | url = https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2005-037.pdf | access-date = 11 May 2019 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Lindén|Souter|2005}} --> * {{Cite book | last = Stow | first = D. A. V. | title = Oceans: an illustrated reference | url = https://archive.org/details/oceansillustrate0000stow | page = [https://archive.org/details/oceansillustrate0000stow/page/127 127] (Map of Indian Ocean) | year = 2006 | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn = 978-0-226-77664-4 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Stow|2006}} --> * {{Cite report | last1 = Telford | first1 = J. | last2 = Cosgrave | first2 = J. | title = Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: Synthesis report | year = 2006 | publisher = Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC) | url = http://lib.riskreductionafrica.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/428/joint%20evaluation%20of%20the%20international%20response%20to%20the%20indian%20ocean%20tsunami.pdf | access-date = 30 December 2018 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Telford|Cosgrave|2007}} --> * {{Cite report | last1 = Ullah | first1 = S. | last2 = Gadain | first2 = H. | year = 2016 | publisher = FAO-Somalia | title = National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) of Somalia | url = https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/so/so-nbsap-01-en.pdf | access-date = 18 August 2019 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Ullah|Gadain|2016}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Van Sebille | first1 = E. | last2 = England | first2 = M. H. | last3 = Froyland | first3 = G. | title = Origin, dynamics and evolution of ocean garbage patches from observed surface drifters | year = 2012 | journal = Environmental Research Letters | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 044040 | doi = 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044040 | bibcode = 2012ERL.....7d4040V | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Van Sebille|England|Froyland|2012}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Wafar | first1 = M. | last2 = Venkataraman | first2 = K. | last3 = Ingole | first3 = B. | last4 = Ajmal Khan | first4 = S. | last5 = LokaBharathi | first5 = P. | title = State of Knowledge of Coastal and Marine Biodiversity of Indian Ocean Countries | year = 2011 | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | page = e14613 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0014613 | pmid = 21297949 | pmc = 3031507 | ref = harv| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...614613W }}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Wafar|Venkataraman|Ingole|Ajmal Khan|2011}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Wafar | first1 = M. | last2 = Venkataraman | first2 = K. | last3 = Ingole | first3 = B. | last4 = Khan | first4 = S. A. | last5 = LokaBharathi | first5 = P. | title = State of knowledge of coastal and marine biodiversity of Indian Ocean countries | year = 2011 | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | page = e14613 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0014613 | pmid = 21297949 | ref = harv| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...614613W | pmc = 3031507}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Wafar|Venkataraman|Ingole|Khan|2011}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Vörösmarty | first1 = C. J. | last2 = Fekete | first2 = B. M. | last3 = Meybeck | first3 = M. | last4 = Lammers | first4 = R. B. | title = Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining land‐to‐ocean linkages | year = 2000 | journal = Global Biogeochemical Cycles | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 599–621 | doi = 10.1029/1999GB900092 | ref = harv| url = https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1147&context=faculty_pubs }}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Vörösmarty|Fekete|Meybeck|Lammers|2000}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Wilson | first1 = D. J. | last2 = Piotrowski | first2 = A. M. | last3 = Galy | first3 = A. | last4 = McCave | first4 = I. N. | title = A boundary exchange influence on deglacial neodymium isotope records from the deep western Indian Ocean | year = 2012 | journal = Earth and Planetary Science Letters | volume = 341 | pages = 35–47 | url = http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10059420/1/Wilson%20et%20al%202012%20EPSL%20accepted.pdf | access-date = 13 October 2019 | doi = 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.009 | ref = harv| hdl = 10044/1/12815 }}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|Wilson|Piotrowski|Galy|McCave|2012}} --> * {{Cite book | title = The Eastern Africa Coastal Forests Ecoregion: Strategic Framework for Conservation 2005-2025 | editor-last = Mugo | editor-first = Kimunya | year = 2006 | publisher = WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office (WWF-EARPO) | location = Nairobi, Kenya | url = http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/eacfe_strategic_framework.pdf | access-date = 9 July 2019 | ref = {{SfnRef|WWF-EARPO|2006}}}}<!-- {{Harvard citation no brackets|WWF-EARPO|2006}} --> {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == {{Wiktionary}} {{Commons and category|Indian Ocean|Indian_Ocean}} * {{Cite web | title = The Indian Ocean in World History | publisher = [[Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center]] | format = Flash | url = http://www.indianoceanhistory.org/ | accessdate = 25 July 2015}} * {{Cite web | title = The Indian Ocean Trade: A Classroom Simulation | publisher = African Studies Center, Boston University | url = http://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2011/11/Indian-Ocean-Trade.pdf | accessdate = 25 July 2015}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Indian Ocean|short=x}} {{Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean}} {{دونیا منطقه‌لری}} {{Waters of South Asia}} {{Ocean}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:گونئی آسیا]] [[بؤلمه:اوقیانوس‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:دوغو آفریقا]] [[بؤلمه:غربی آسیا]] [[بؤلمه:هیند اوقیانوسو]] [[بؤلمه:Coordinates on Wikidata]] cdj73r97b8u78glqqnrhjku3mkehry5 0 15584 1590671 1588336 2026-07-15T08:13:12Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 4 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state | name = Montana | official_name = State of Montana | image_flag = Flag of Montana.svg | flag_link = Flag of Montana | image_seal = Montana-StateSeal.svg | seal_link = Seal of Montana | anthem = "[[Montana (state song)|Montana]]" | image_map = Montana in United States.svg | nickname = Big Sky Country, The Treasure State | motto = {{Native name|es|"Oro y Plata"|italics=off}}<br/>{{Small|"Gold and Silver"}} | Former = Montana Territory | population_demonym = Montanan | seat = [[هلنا، مونتانا]] | OfficialLang = English | LargestCity = [[بیلینقز، مونتانا]] | LargestMetro = [[Billings metropolitan area|Billings]] | Governor = {{Nowrap|[[قرق جیانفورت]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری نین جومهوریت حیزبی]])}} | Lieutenant Governor = {{Nowrap|[[Kristen Juras]] (R)}} | Legislature = [[Montana Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Montana Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Montana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Montana Supreme Court]] | Senators = {{Nowrap|[[جان تستر]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری نین دموکرات حیزبی]])}}<br />{{Nowrap|[[استیو دینز]] (R)}} | Representative = [[مات روزندال]] (R) | area_rank = 4th | area_total_sq_mi = 147,040<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf|title=United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|type=PDF|page=41 (Table 18)|date=September 2012|access-date=April 11, 2014}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 380,800 <!--{{Convert|147040|mi2|km2}}--> | area_land_sq_mi = 145,552<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/geography/geography_facts/area_of_montana_counties.aspx|title=Area of Montana Counties|publisher=Montana.gov|access-date=February 2, 2020|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2020-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203021608/http://geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/geography/geography_facts/area_of_montana_counties.aspx}}</ref> | area_land_km2 = {{Convert|145552|mi2|km2}} | area_water_sq_mi = 1,491 | area_water_km2 = 3,862 | area_water_percent = 1 | population_rank = 44th | 2010Pop = 1,085,407<ref name="2020Census">{{cite web |title=2020 Census Apportionment Results |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |website=census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426210008/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_as_of = 2020 | population_density_rank = 48th | 2010DensityUS = 7.09 | 2000Density = 2.73 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $53,386<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|access-date=December 9, 2016}}</ref> | IncomeRank = 38th | AdmittanceOrder = 41st | AdmittanceDate = November 8, 1889 | Latitude = 44° 21′ N to 49° N | Longitude = 104° 2′ W to 116° 3′ W | length_mi = 255 | length_km = 410 | width_mi = 630 | width_km = 1,015 | elevation_max_point = [[Granite Peak (Montana)|Granite Peak]]{{Sfn|National Geodetic Survey|2008}}{{Sfn|Geological Survey|2001}} | elevation_max_ft = 12,807 | elevation_max_m = 3903.5 | elevation_ft = 3,400 | elevation_m = 1040 | elevation_min_point = [[کووتنای چایی]] at {{Nowrap|[[آیداهو ایالتی]] border}}{{Sfn|National Geodetic Survey|2008}}{{Sfn|Geological Survey|2001}} | elevation_min_ft = 1,804 | elevation_min_m = 557 | timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset1 = −07:00 | timezone1_DST = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −06:00 | area_code = [[Area code 406|406]] Entire State | postal_code = MT | TradAbbreviation = Mont. | iso_code = US-MT | website = www.mt.gov | Capital = | Representatives = }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols |Name = Montana |Flag = Flag of Montana.svg |Seal = Seal of Montana.svg |Bird = [[Western meadowlark]] |Butterfly = [[Mourning cloak]] |Fish = [[Westslope cutthroat trout]] |Flower = [[Bitterroot]] |Mammal = [[Grizzly bear]] |Tree = [[ساری شام]] |Fossil = [[Maiasaura peeblesorum]] |Gemstone = [[Sapphire]], [[Agate]] |Route Marker = MT-1.svg |Quarter = |QuarterReleaseDate = 2007 }} '''مونتانا''' [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لری|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لر]] اؤلکه سینین بیر ایالتی دیر. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Citation|last=Archibald |first=J. David | contribution = I. Extinction, Cretaceous | editor-last = Currie | editor-first = Philip J. | editor2-last = Padian | editor2-first = Kevin |title=Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs | pages = 221–230 |publisher=Academic Press |location=San Diego, Calif. |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-12-226810-6}} * {{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=08rAI9NEbcYC&lpg=PA58 | last1 = Aarstad | first1 = Rich | last2 = Arguimbau | first2 = Ellen | last3 = Baumler | first3 = Ellen | last4 = Porsild | first4 = Charlene | title = Montana Place Names From Alzada to Zortman | year = 2009 | publisher = Montana Historical Society Press | location = Helena, MT | isbn = 978-0-9759196-1-3 }} * {{cite book | url =https://archive.org/details/gatheringnoisefr0000ande | url-access =registration | page =[https://archive.org/details/gatheringnoisefr0000ande/page/4 4] | last =Anderson | first =Donald | title =Gathering Noise From My Life: A Camouflaged Memoir | year =2012 | publisher =University of Iowa Press | location =Iowa City, IA | isbn =978-1-60938-111-0 }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Bureau of Economic Analysis|2011}} |last1=Avery |first1=Jonathan E. |last2=Siebeneck |first2=Todd P. |last3=Tate |first3=Robert P. |title=Gross Domestic Product by State – Advance Statistics for 2010 and Revised Statistics for 2007–2009 |publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |date=July 2011 |url=https://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2011/07%20July/0711_gdp-state.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924210831/http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2011/07%20July/0711_gdp-state.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2012-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924210831/http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2011/07%20July/0711_gdp-state.pdf }} * {{cite news | last = Bacaj | first = Jason | url = http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/business/industry_roundup/article_a310c226-6a60-11e2-8e0c-0019bb2963f4.html | work = Bozeman Daily Chronicle | title = Billings Logan International Remains Busiest in Montana | date = January 29, 2013 | access-date = April 21, 2013 }} * {{cite news | last=Backus | first=Perry | url=http://missoulian.com/news/article_8923be73-e363-5cf5-92c0-e44b26f643f8.html | work=The Missoulian | title=Beetles Shaping Montana's Forest Lands | date=July 31, 2005 | access-date=April 6, 2013 }} * {{cite news | last=Backus | first=Perry | url=http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/forest-service-finds-varied-beetle-activity/article_a413835e-1500-5319-8a5d-1f456d92fcd5.html | newspaper=The Missoulan | title=Forest Service Finds Varied Beetle Activity | date=February 14, 2007 | access-date=March 30, 2013 }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Ballantye|Rasmussen|2011}} |url=http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/files/uploads/.../NABE_2011_Ballantyne_Rasmussen.pdf |last1=Ballantyne |first1=Keira G. |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Mari B. |title=Resources for Working With the Indigenous Languages of North America and the Pacific Islands |publisher=National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition, George Washington University |date=February 2011 |access-date=August 28, 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{اؤلو باغلانتی|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book|last=Ballard |first=Jack |title=Elk Hunting Montana: Finding Success on the Best Public Lands |publisher=Lyons Press |location=Guildford, Conn. |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59921-154-1}} * {{cite web | url =https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21729.pdf | last =Beaver | first =Janice Cheryl | title =U.S. International Borders: Brief Facts | year =2006 | publisher =Congressional Research Service | location =Washington, D.C. | access-date =March 27, 2013 | accessdate =2021-08-06 | archivedate =2019-04-01 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20190401163943/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21729.pdf }} * {{cite web| last =Bergman| first =Brian| title =Bison Back from Brink of Extinction| website =Maclean's| date =February 16, 2004| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0012570| access-date =April 8, 2013| archive-date =2007-09-01| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070901122211/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0012570| url-status =dead| accessdate =2021-08-06| archivedate =2011-11-09| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20111109011215/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0012570}} * {{cite web |last=Boswell |first=Evelyn |title=New Stegner Professor to Hit the Ground Running |publisher=Montana State University News Service |date=October 5, 2006 |url=http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=4110 |access-date=May 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820020652/http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=4110 |archive-date=August 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2007-08-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820020652/http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=4110 }} * {{cite web |last1=Brittingham |first1=Angela |last2=de la Cruz |first2=G. Patricia |title=Ancestry 2000 (C2KBR-35) |publisher=United States Bureau of the Census |date=June 2004 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040920132346/http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2004 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book|title=Precambrian Geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana |editor=John Brady |editor2=Charles J. Vitaliano |editor3=William S. Cordua |last=Burger |first=H. Robert |chapter=General Geology and Tectonic Settong of the Tobacco Root Mountains. Special Paper 377. |pages=1–14 |publisher=Geological Society of America |location=Boulder, Colo. |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8137-2377-8}} * {{cite book |last=Cooper |first=Ed |title=Soul of the Rockies-Portrait of America's Largest Mountain Range |url=https://archive.org/details/soulofrockiespor0000coop |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |location=Guilford, CT |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7627-4941-6 }} * {{cite book| last =Cunningham | first =Bill | title =Montana Wildlands: From Northwest Peaks to Deadhorse Badlands | place =Helena, Mont. | publisher =Farcountry Press | year =1990 | isbn =978-0-938314-93-6}} * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|Mining and Scientific Press|1899}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6JQ5AQAAMAAJ |title=Cyaniding at Gilt Edge, Montana |newspaper=Mining and Scientific Press |date=October 7, 1899 |access-date=August 1, 2013 }} * {{cite book|last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-670-03337-9|title-link=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed }} * {{cite book | last = Elias | first = Scott | title = Rocky Mountains | url = https://archive.org/details/rockymountains0000elia | year = 2002 | publisher = Smithsonian Institution Press | location = Washington, D.C. | isbn = 978-1-58834-042-9 }} * {{cite book|last1=Elison|first1=Larry M.|last2=Snyder|first2=Fritz|title=The Montana State Constitution: A Reference Guide|location=Westport, Conn.|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2001|isbn=9780313273469|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZSajCBQL1sC}} * {{cite book |last=Enright |first=Kelly |title=America's Natural Places: Rocky Mountains and Great Plains |publisher=Greenwood Press/ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-313-35314-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/americasnaturalp00enri }} * {{cite book | last = Fanselow | first = Julie | title = Traveling the Lewis and Clark Trail | year = 2007 | publisher = Falcon Guides | location = Guilford, CT | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OmeD7zCK0PsC&pg=PA171 | isbn = 978-0-7627-4437-4 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book|last=Finnerty |first=Jim |title=A Pleasant Stroll to Everest |publisher=Xlibris Corp. |location=Bloomington, Ind. |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4628-4928-4}}{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} * {{cite book |last1=Fischer |first1=Hank |last2=Fischer |first2=Carol |title=Paddling Montana |url=https://archive.org/details/paddlingmontana0000fisc |publisher=FalconGuides |location=Guildford, CT |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7627-4352-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Cassius A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ELcPAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA11 |title=Geology and Water Resources of the Great Falls Region, Montana. Water-Supply Paper No. 221 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1908 }} * {{cite book|last1=Fletcher |first1=Robert H. |last2=Bradshaw |first2=Glenda Clay |last3=Axline |first3=Jon |last4=Shope |first4=Irvin |title=Montana's Historical Highway Markers |url=https://archive.org/details/montanashistoric0000flet |publisher=Montana Historical Society |location=Helena, Mont. |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-917298-31-8}} * {{cite book | last1=Florence | first1=Mason | last2=Nystrom | first2=Andrew Dean | last3=Gierlich | first3=Marisa | title=Rocky Mountain States | url=https://archive.org/details/rockymountains0000flor | publisher=Lonely Planet | location=London | year=2001 | isbn=978-1-86450-327-2 }} * {{cite book|last=Foner |first=Philip S. |title=Labor and World War I, 1914–1918|volume=7|publisher=International Publishers |location=New York |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-7178-0638-6}} * {{cite journal|ref={{SfnRef|Montana Outdoors|2002}}|last=French|first=Brett|journal=Montana Outdoors|title=A Good Time in Montana's Badlands|url=http://fwp.mt.gov/mtoutdoors/HTML/articles/2003/makoshika.htm|date=March–April 2002|access-date=April 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423075736/http://fwp.mt.gov/mtoutdoors/HTML/articles/2003/makoshika.htm|archive-date=April 23, 2013|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423075736/http://fwp.mt.gov/mtoutdoors/HTML/articles/2003/makoshika.htm |date=2013-04-23 }} * {{cite news|ref={{SfnRef|Billings Gazette—Forecast|2009}}|last=French|first=Brett|newspaper=Billings Gazette|title=Forecast: More Air Pollution, Study Predicts Global Warming Will Increase Fires in Northern Rockies|url=http://www.billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/article_d3d32b14-7cc6-11de-b4e3-001cc4c03286.html|date=July 29, 2009|access-date=April 7, 2013}} * {{cite book| last1 =Graetz | first1 =Rick | last2 =Clemenz | first2 =Bob | title = Beautiful Montana | year = 1984 | publisher =Beautiful America Publishing| location=Wilsonville, OR | isbn = 978-0-915796-25-0}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.kulr8.com/news/local/Montana-Reaches-One-Million-Mark-136629723.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411062218/http://www.kulr8.com/news/local/Montana-Reaches-One-Million-Mark-136629723.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 11, 2013|title=Montana Reaches One Million Mark|last=Gravlee|first=Sarah|date=January 3, 2012|website=kulr8.com|publisher=KULR-8 Television|access-date=April 27, 2013|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2013-04-11|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130411062218/http://www.kulr8.com/news/local/Montana-Reaches-One-Million-Mark-136629723.html}} * {{cite book|last=Hanna |first=Warren L. |title=Stars Over Montana-Men Who Made Glacier National Park History |publisher=Glacier Natural History Association |location=West Glacier, MT |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-09-167906-4|chapter=James Willard Schultz-The Pikuni Storyteller}} * {{Citation| ref ={{SfnRef|Geographical Dictionary Of The World|1900}} | contribution =Clark's (Clarke's) River, Flathead River | year = 1900 | title = Geographical Dictionary Of The World In The Early 20th Century With Pronouncing Gazetteer | editor-last =Heilprin | editor-first =Angelo | editor2-last =Heilprin | editor2-first =Louis | volume =1, A to L | page =423 | place =Philadelphia, Pa. | publisher =J. B. Lippincott}} * {{cite book| ref ={{SfnRef|Hellmann|2013}} |last=Hellman |first=Paul T. |title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States |publisher=Routledge |location=Florence, Ky. |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-135-94859-7}} * {{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |date=March 29, 2002 |title=The Slaughter Rule (2002) |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F02E4D71E3BF93AA15750C0A9649C8B63 |work=[[نیویورک تایمز]] |access-date=April 30, 2013 }} * {{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Krys |title=Montana: Stories of the Land |publisher=Montana Historical Society Press |location=Helena, MT |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9759196-3-7}} ** {{harvc |c=”Chapter 5” |in=Holmes |year=2009 |url=http://svcalt.mt.gov/education/textbook/Chapter5/Chapter5.pdf}} ** {{harvc |c=”Chapter 7” |in=Holmes |year=2009 |url=http://svcalt.mt.gov/education/textbook/Chapter7/Chapter7.pdf}} ** {{harvc |c=”Chapter 13” |in=Holmes |year=2009 |url=http://svcalt.mt.gov/education/textbook/Chapter13/Chapter13.pdf}} * {{cite journal| ref ={{SfnRef|HowardB|2013}}|last=Howard|first=Beth |title = Top Hospitals for Safety | issue = April–May 2013 |journal=AARP the Magazine}} * {{cite book |last=Howard |first=Joseph Kinsey |title=Montana-High, Wide and Handsome |url=https://archive.org/details/montanahighwideh0000howa_u8n4 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |year=1959 |isbn=978-0-8032-7339-9 }} * {{cite web| url =http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/54387.pdf| last1 =Horvitz| first1 =Andrew H.| last2 =Stephens| first2 =Scott| last3 =Helfert| first3 =Michael| last4 =Goodge| first4 =Grant| last5 =Redmond| first5 =Kelly T.| last6 =Pomeroy| first6 =Ken| last7 =Purdy| first7 =Ed| title =A National Temperature Record at Loma, Montana| year =2002| publisher =American Meteorological Society| access-date =April 6, 2013}} * {{cite book|last=Hoxie|first=Frederick E.|title=Parading Through History. The making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York, New York|year=1995|isbn=978-0-521-48057-4|url=https://archive.org/details/paradingthroughh0000hoxi}} * {{cite book|title=Insiders' Guide to Yellowstone and Grand Teton|last1=Hurlbut|first1=Brian|last2=Davis|first2=Seabring|publisher=Globe Pequot|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7627-5041-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZKG-F4EycgC&pg=PT151}} * {{cite book |last=Huser |first=Verne |title=On the River With Lewis and Clark |url=https://archive.org/details/onriverwithlewis0000huse |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |location=College Station, Tex. |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-58544-320-8 }} * {{cite book|last1=Jewell |first1=Judy |last2=McRae |first2=Bill |title=Moon Montana |publisher=Avalon Travel |location=Berkeley, Calif. |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61238-262-3}} * {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=James W. (Body)|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1078731/|title=The Fight That Won't Stay Dead|journal=Sports Illustrated|date=July 4, 1966|access-date=April 15, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130410171754/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1078731/|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book|last=Kappler|first= Charles J. |title=Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Vol. 2 |location=Washington, D.C.|year=1904}} * {{cite book |title= The Endangered Species Act and Federalism: Effective Conservation Through Greater State Commitment |last1= Kaush |first1= Arha |last2= Thompson, Jr. |first2= Barton H. |year= 2012 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 978-1-58592-042-6 |edition= 2 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JlEdmskDaHkC&lpg=PA258 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Kittredge |first1=William |last2=Krauzer |first2=Steven M. |title='Mr. Montana' Revised: Another Look at Granville Stuart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_montana-the-magazine-of-western-history_autumn-1986_36_4/page/14 |journal=Montana: The Magazine of Western History |volume=36 |date=Autumn 1986 |jstor=4519007 |issue=4 |pages=14–23 }} * {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/download/04DE1BD2-FCE9-4FA6-A6D7-5B177B6B2F82/04DE1BD2-FCE9-4FA6-A6D7-5B177B6B2F82.pdf |last1=Kudray |first1=Gregory M. |last2=Cooper |first2=Steven V. |title=Montana's Rocky Mountain Front: Vegetation Map and Type Descriptions. Report to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service |publisher=Montana Natural Heritage Program |location=Helena, MT |year=2006 |access-date=July 29, 2013 }} * {{cite book | last =Kugler | first =Eileen Gale | title =Innovative Voices in Education: What It Takes to Engage Diverse Communities | place =Lanham, MD | publisher =Rowman & Littlefield Education | year =2013 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VeROJj7VM9MC&lpg=PA44 | isbn =978-1-61048-539-5 }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com |last1=Lewis |first1=M. Paul |last2=Simons |first2=Gary F. |last3=Fennig |first3=Charles D. |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |publisher=SIL International |year=2013 |access-date=August 28, 2013 }} * {{cite journal|last1=Libecap|first1=Gary D.|last2=Hansen|first2=Zeynep Kocabiyik|title="Rain Follows the Plow" and Dryfarming Doctrine: The Climate Information Problem and Homestead Failure in the Upper Great Plains, 1890–1925|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-history_2002-03_62_1/page/86|journal=Journal of Economic History|volume=62|issue=1|pages=86–120|date=March 2002|jstor=2697973}} * {{cite news|last=Lincoln|first=Marga|newspaper=Helena Independent Record|url=http://helenair.com/entertainment/yourtime/montana-shakespeare-company-finds-new-home-at-helena-civic-center/article_9798a22c-8912-11e1-a61f-0019bb2963f4.html|title=Montana Shakespeare Company Finds New Home at Helena Civic Center|date=April 19, 2012|access-date=May 13, 2013}} * {{cite book |last=Lubetkin |first=M. John |title=Jay Cooke's Gamble-The Northern Pacific Railroad, The Sioux, and the Panic of 1873 |url=https://archive.org/details/jaycookesgamblen0000lube |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman, OK |isbn=978-0-8061-3740-7 |year=2006 }} * {{cite book|title=Cowboys and Cattlemen-A Roundup of Montana, The Magazine of Western History |editor=Kennedy, Michael S. |last=Lux|first=Mabel |chapter=Honyockers of Harlem-Honyockers of Zurich |pages=333–348 |publisher=Hastings House|location=New York |year=1964}} * {{cite web | last1 = Madej | first1 = Ed | last2 = Jones | first2 = Cedron | title = Mountain Ranges of Montana | url = http://nris.mt.gov/MontanaFacts/mtnRanges.pdf | publisher = Montana State Library | website = Natural Resource Information System | date = September 14, 2007 | access-date = March 30, 2013 | archive-date = May 15, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515191757/http://nris.mt.gov/montanafacts/mtnRanges.pdf | url-status = dead | accessdate = 2021-08-06 | archivedate = 2013-05-15 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515191757/http://nris.mt.gov/montanafacts/mtnRanges.pdf }} * {{cite book | last1 =Malone | first1 =Michael P. | last2 =Roeder | first2 =Richard B. | last3 =Lang | first3 =William L. | title =Montana: A History of Two Centuries | url =https://archive.org/details/montanahistoryof0000malo | publisher =University of Washington Press | location =Seattle | year =1976 | chapter =Montana Territory | isbn =978-0-295-97129-2 }} * {{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=p-P59FkOPg0C&pg=PP1 | last1 =Malone | first1 =Michael P. | last2 =Roeder | first2 =Richard B. | last3 =Lang | first3 =William L. | title =Montana: A History of Two Centuries | year =1991 | publisher =University of Washington Press | location =Seattle | isbn =978-0-295-97120-9 }} * {{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xxE28XK56O0C| last = Matzko| first = John| title = Reconstructing Fort Union| year = 2001| publisher = University of Nebraska Press| location = Lincoln, NE| isbn = 978-0-8032-3216-7}} * {{cite journal | last=McDean | first=Harry C. | url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1968&context=greatplainsquarterly | journal=Great Plains Quarterly | title=Dust Bowl Historiography | date=January 1, 1986 | access-date=May 25, 2013 }} * {{cite news | last=McKee | first=Jennifer | url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/um-climate-expert-says-triple-digit-julys-will-be-norm/article_6944a7e5-6d83-5871-9d10-3086c8978853.html | work=Billings Gazette | title=UM Climate Expert Says Triple-digit Julys Will Be Norm | date=August 27, 2007 | access-date=April 6, 2013 }} * {{cite book |last=Merrill-Maker |first=Andrea |title=Montana Almanac-The First, Best Source for Information About Big Sky Country |url=https://archive.org/details/montanaalmanac0000merr |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |location=Guildford, CT |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7627-3655-3 |chapter=Natural Treasures }} * {{cite book|last1=Milner II|first1=Clyde A.|last2=O'Connor|first2=Carol A.|title=As Big as the West: The Pioneer Life of Granville Stuart|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-512709-6|url=https://archive.org/details/asbigaswestpione00miln}} * {{cite book |last1=Moody |first1=David W. |last2=Chase |first2=Edith B. |last3=Aronson |first3=David A. |title=National Water Summary—1985: Hydrologic Events and Surface-Water Resources. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2300 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1986 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-ZCGdqvy-4C&pg=PA310 }} * {{cite book | last = Morris | first = Patrick F. | title = Anaconda, Montana: Copper Smelting Boom Town on the Western Frontier | url = https://archive.org/details/anacondamontanac0000morr | year = 1997 | publisher = Swann Publishing | location = Burnet, TX | isbn = 978-0-9657209-2-2 }} * {{cite journal|last=Murphy|first=Paul L.|title=Montana's Agony: Years of War and Hysteria, 1917–1921|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1980-09_67_2/page/436|journal=The Journal of American History|year=1980|doi=10.2307/1890476|volume=67|issue=2|page=436|jstor=1890476}} * {{cite book | last1 = Naiman | first1 = Robert J. | last2 = Décamps | first2 = Henri | last3 = McClain | first3 = Michael E. | title = Riparia: Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Streamside Communities | url = https://archive.org/details/ripariaecologyco0000naim | year = 2005 | publisher = Elsevier Academic | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-12-663315-3 }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf |last1=Norris |first1=Tina |last2=Vines |first2=Paula L. |last3=Hoeffel |first3=Elizabeth M. |title=The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 |publisher=United States Bureau of the Census |date=January 2012 |access-date=August 28, 2013 }} * {{cite book |last=O'Brien |first=Mary |year=2003 |title=Days on the Road: Crossing the Plains in 1865, The Diary of Sarah Raymond Herndon |publisher=Morris Books Publishing |isbn=978-0-7627-2581-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=okCbyKMn9NEC&pg=PP18 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ottum |first=Bob |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1148000/index.htm |title=Bold Bourkey For John Misha |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=January 29, 1968 |access-date=April 20, 2013 |archive-date=2009-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012034449/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1148000/index.htm |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book | last=Palmer | first=Tim | title=America By Rivers | url=https://archive.org/details/americabyrivers0000timp | publisher=Island Press | location=Washington, D.C. | year=1998 | isbn=978-1-59726-912-4 }} * {{cite book |last=Parry |first=Ellis Roberts |title=Montana Dateline |url=https://archive.org/details/montanadateline0000parr |publisher=TwoDot Press |location=Guilford, Conn. |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-56044-956-0 }} * {{cite book|last1=Peavey|first1=Linda|last2=Smith|first2=Ursula |title=Full-Court Quest |url=https://archive.org/details/fullcourtquestgi0000peav| publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman, OK | year=2008 }} Reviewed by {{cite journal|author=Nykolaiszyn, Juliana M. |title=Full-Court Quest|journal=Oral History Review|volume=38|issue=2|date=Summer–Fall 2011|pages=420–422|doi= 10.1093/ohr/ohr087|s2cid=160257569}} * {{cite book | last=Peterson | first=Eric | title=Frommer's Montana and Wyoming | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | location=Hoboken, N.J. | year=2012 | isbn=978-0-470-59150-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780470591505 }} * {{cite book | ref ={{SfnRef|Robbins, C.|2008}} | last =Robbins | first =Chuck | title =Great Places Montana: A Recreational Guide to Montana's Public Lands and Historic Places for Birding, Hiking, Photography, Fishing, Hunting, and Camping | place =Belgrade, MT | publisher =Wilderness Adventures Press | year =2008 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=GmogM1jmMqkC&pg=PA11 | isbn =978-1-932098-59-4 }} * {{cite news|ref={{SfnRef|Robbins, J.|2008}}|last=Robbins|first=Jim|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/us/18trademark.html?em|title=In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List|newspaper=New York Times|date=August 17, 2008|access-date=March 29, 2013}} * {{cite book | last=Ross | first=Clyde P. | title=Geology of Glacier National Park and the Flathead Region, Northwestern Montana. Geological Survey Professional Paper 296 | year=1959 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | location=Washington, D.C. }} * {{cite book| last = Sanders| first = Wilbur Edgerton| title = Montana, Organization, Name and Naming: The Word, its Significance, Derivation, and Historical Use| year = 1910| volume = 7| work = Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana| publisher = Rocky Mountain Publishing| location = Helena, MT| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WYs-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15}} * {{cite news|last=Ruckman|first=Shannon|url=http://www.theprairiestar.com/news/local/overcast-tune-named-official-montana-lullaby/article_6259c826-9e76-5711-9aa9-8074c6771e0d.html|title=Overcast tune named official Montana lullaby|newspaper=Prairie Star|date=May 11, 2007|access-date=April 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118084518/http://www.theprairiestar.com/news/local/overcast-tune-named-official-montana-lullaby/article_6259c826-9e76-5711-9aa9-8074c6771e0d.html|archive-date=January 18, 2017|url-status=dead|archivedate=2017-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118084518/http://www.theprairiestar.com/news/local/overcast-tune-named-official-montana-lullaby/article_6259c826-9e76-5711-9aa9-8074c6771e0d.html}} * {{Cite news| last = Scandale| first = Maria| title = 93rd Annual Crow Fair Celebration Under the Big Sky| publisher = Indian Country Today Media Network| url = http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/article/93rd-annual-crow-fair-celebration-under-the-big-sky-45570| date = August 18, 2011| access-date = May 5, 2013| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130408062558/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/article/93rd-annual-crow-fair-celebration-under-the-big-sky-45570| archive-date = April 8, 2013| url-status = dead}} * {{cite news|last=Schontzler|first=Gail|url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/100/newsmakers/article_89773f86-268b-11e0-aca5-001cc4c002e0.html?mode=story|title=Nelson Story—Hero, Scoundrel Legend|newspaper=Bozeman Daily Chronicle|date=January 23, 2011|access-date=April 8, 2013}} * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Schullery|2006a}} |last=Schullery |first=Paul |title=Cowboy Trout-Western Fly Fishing As If It Matters |url=https://archive.org/details/cowboytroutweste0000schu |publisher=Montana Historical Society Press |location=Helena, MT |isbn=978-0-9721522-7-3 |year=2006 |chapter=Fly Fishing in Western Culture }} * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Schullery|2006b}} |last=Schullery |first=Paul |title=Cowboy Trout-Western Fly Fishing As If It Matters |url=https://archive.org/details/cowboytroutweste0000schu |publisher=Montana Historical Society Press |location=Helena, MT |isbn=978-0-9721522-7-3 |year=2006 |chapter=''A River Runs Through It'' as Folklore and History }} * {{cite web|url=http://weekendroady.com/2012/01/19/most-remote-state-borders/|last=Sites|first=Phillip|title=Most Remote State Borders|publisher=The Weekend Roady|date=January 19, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2013}} * {{cite journal | last1 = Spracklen | first1 = D. 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2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322132602/http://www.diocesehelena.org/news-events/mt-catholic/archives/2010/sep/st-mary-mission.html|archive-date=March 22, 2012}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322132602/http://www.diocesehelena.org/news-events/mt-catholic/archives/2010/sep/st-mary-mission.html |date=2012-03-22 }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Montana Travel|2010}} |url=http://custer.visitmt.com/categories/city.asp?CityID=326&SiteID=129 |title=Terry |publisher=Montana Office of Tourism |year=2010 |access-date=May 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717220548/http://custer.visitmt.com/categories/city.asp?CityID=326&SiteID=129 |archive-date=July 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2011-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717220548/http://custer.visitmt.com/categories/city.asp?CityID=326&SiteID=129 }} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Tester|2007}}|url=http://tester.senate.gov/News/record.cfm?id=281083|title=Tester Asks Navy to Christen Submarine USS Montana|date=August 20, 2007|publisher=Tester Senate|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829172135/http://tester.senate.gov/News/record.cfm?id=281083|archive-date=August 29, 2007|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2007-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829172135/http://tester.senate.gov/News/record.cfm?id=281083}} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Fish and Wildlife Service|2013}} |url=http://www.fws.gov/montanafieldoffice/Endangered_Species/Listed_Species/TEClist.pdf |title=Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species in Montana-Endangered Species Act |date=February 2013 |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=April 5, 2013 |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2013-06-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602132427/http://www.fws.gov/montanafieldoffice/Endangered_Species/Listed_Species/TEClist.pdf }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Fish and Wildlife Service—Bison|2013}} |url=http://www.fws.gov/bisonrange/timeline.htm |title=Time Line of the American Bison |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=April 7, 2013 |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2021-02-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211163554/http://www.fws.gov/bisonrange/timeline.htm }} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Tourism in Montana|2007}}|url=http://montanakids.com/agriculture_and_business/tourism_industry/Tourism_in_Montana.htm|title=Tourism in Montana|publisher=Montana Department of Tourism|year=2007|access-date=July 14, 2013}} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Montana Trapping|2013}} |url=http://fwp.mt.gov/hunting/trapping/ |title=Trapping and Furbearer Management in Montana |publisher=Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks |access-date=April 22, 2013 |archive-date=April 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424183210/http://fwp.mt.gov/hunting/trapping/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2013-04-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424183210/http://fwp.mt.gov/hunting/trapping/ }} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Fish and Wildlife Service|2001}}|url=http://library.fws.gov/Wetlands/upperyellowstone_01.pdf|title=Upper Yellowstone River Mapping Project|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service|date=July 2001|access-date=March 30, 2013|archive-date=2012-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309184038/http://library.fws.gov/Wetlands/upperyellowstone_01.pdf|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2012-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309184038/http://library.fws.gov/Wetlands/upperyellowstone_01.pdf}} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Union Pacific Railroad|2013}} |url=http://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/documents/up_pdf_nativedocs/pdf_montana_usguide.pdf |title=Union Pacific in Montana |publisher=Union Pacific Railroad |date=March 2013 |access-date=April 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215185718/http://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/documents/up_pdf_nativedocs/pdf_montana_usguide.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2013 }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|History Channel|2013}} |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/us-congress-passes-espionage-act |title=U.S. Congress Passes Espionage Act |publisher=History Channel |date=June 15, 1917 |access-date=April 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313041013/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/us-congress-passes-espionage-act |archive-date=March 13, 2013 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Geological Survey—search|2013}} |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=132:2:3180740718544768::::::YES |title=USGS Geonames Search Result-Montana+Stream |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=March 30, 2013 }} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Trauma Centers|2013}}|url=http://www.facs.org/trauma/verified.html|title=Verified Trauma Centers|publisher=American College of Surgeons|date=March 20, 2013|access-date=March 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707233016/http://www.facs.org/trauma/verified.html|archive-date=July 7, 2014|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2007-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011164958/http://www.hcmc.org/governance.htm}} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Brewers Association|2013}} |url=http://www.brewersassociation.org/pages/business-tools/craft-brewing-statistics/breweries-per-capita |title=Vermont Remains Top State in Capita per Brewery |publisher=Brewers Association |access-date=April 8, 2013 |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2012-03-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317102610/http://www.brewersassociation.org/pages/business-tools/craft-brewing-statistics/breweries-per-capita }} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Montana High School Association|2013}}|url=http://www.mhsa.org|title=Welcome to the Montana High School Association|publisher=Montana High School Association|access-date=May 12, 2013}} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Whitefish Skijoring|2013}}|url=http://www.whitefishskijoring.com/|title=Welcome to the World Ski Joring Championships|publisher=Whitefish Skijoring|access-date=April 21, 2013}} * {{cite web|ref={{SfnRef|Great Northern Railway|2013}}|url=http://www.gnrhs.org/gn_history.htm|title=What was the Great Northern Railway?|publisher=Great Northern Railway Historical Society|access-date=April 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924103645/http://www.gnrhs.org/gn_history.htm|archive-date=September 24, 2005|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2005-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924103645/http://www.gnrhs.org/gn_history.htm}} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Women's National History|2013}} |url=http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline |title=Woman Suffrage Timeline (1840–1920) |publisher=National Women's History Museum |access-date=April 27, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424011429/http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline/ |archive-date=April 24, 2013 |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2013-04-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424011429/http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline/ }} * {{cite book|last1=Wood |first1=Raymond W. |last2=Thiessen |first2=T.D. |title=Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains. Canadian traders Among the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians, 1738-1818 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0806118997 |location=Norman and London| publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8061-1899-4}} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Montana Historical Society-WWII|2013}} |url=http://mhs.mt.gov/education/textbook/Chapter19/Chapter19.pdf |title=World War II in Montana 1939–1945 |publisher=Montana Historical Society |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528185626/http://mhs.mt.gov/education/Textbook/Chapter19/Chapter19.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2013 }} * {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|National Park Service-Yellowstone in Winter|2013}} |url=http://www.nps.gov/yell/parkmgmt/currentmgmt.htm |title=Yellowstone in Winter: Current Management and Planning |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=April 21, 2013 |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2015-02-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214042039/http://www.nps.gov/yell/parkmgmt/currentmgmt.htm }} {{Refend}} {{اساس|Bibliography of Montana history}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== {{Sister project links|voy=Montana}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108164943/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/30000.html Census of Montana] * [http://montanakids.com/ General Information About Montana] * {{OSM relation|162115}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012222837/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Montana List of Searchable Databases Produced by Montana State Agencies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516020518/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MT Montana Energy Data & Statistics—From the U.S. Department of Energy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080223063412/http://www.his.state.mt.us/ Montana Historical Society] * [http://www.visitmt.com/ Montana Official Travel Information Site] * [http://www.mt.gov/ Montana Official Website] * {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Montana}} * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=30&StateName=Montana#.U8LbfvldUeo Montana State Facts From the U.S. Department of Agriculture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714182132/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=30&StateName=Montana#.U8LbfvldUeo |date=2014-07-14 }} * [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MT USGS Real-time, Geographic, and Other Scientific Resources of Montana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412151413/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MT |date=2014-04-12 }} {{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[جنوبی داکوتا]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینه قوشولان ایالترین لیستی تاریخ اساسیندا]]|years=Admitted on November 8, 1889 (41st)}} {{S-aft|after=[[واشینقتون ایالتی]]}} {{S-end}} {{Navboxes |title = <span style="font-size:11pt;">Topics related to Montana</span> |list = {{Montana|expanded}} {{MontanansLists}} {{Protected areas of Montana}} {{Western United States}} {{New France}} {{بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین سیاسی بؤلگوسو}} |state=expanded}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|47.0527|-109.6333|dim:500000_region:US-MT_type:adm1st|name=State of Montana|display=title}} {{Commons category inline}} [[بؤلمه:مونتانا ایالتی]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۹ - جو ایلینده آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۹ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایالتلری]] [[بؤلمه:باتی ایالتلری]] 45ppog3il7a683n4s8youz9wtgwlafn 0 19142 1590695 1584394 2026-07-15T09:13:22Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ویکی لشدیرمک}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | image = Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg | caption = Portrait based on the unfinished ''[[Athenaeum Portrait]]'', by [[Gilbert Stuart]], 1796 | office = 1st [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = John Adams | term_start = April 30, 1789{{Efn|April 6 is when Congress counted the votes of the Electoral College and certified a president. April 30 is when Washington was sworn in.{{sfnm|Ferling|2009|1p=274|Taylor|2016|2pp=395, 494}}}} | term_end = March 4, 1797 | predecessor = Office established | successor = [[جان آدامز]] | office1 = 7th [[Commanding General of the United States Army|Senior Officer of the United States Army]] | president1 = John Adams | term_start1 = July 13, 1798 | term_end1 = December 14, 1799 | predecessor1 = [[James Wilkinson]] | successor1 = [[الکساندر همیلتون]] | office2 = [[Commander-in-Chief]] <br>of the [[Continental Army]] | appointer2 = [[Continental Congress]] | term_start2 = June 16, 1775 | term_end2 = December 23, 1783 | predecessor2 = Office established | successor2 = [[هنری ناکس]] <br>(as [[Senior Officer of the United States Army|Senior Officer]]) | office3 = [[List of delegates to the Continental Congress|Delegate to the Continental Congress]]<br/>from [[ویرجینیا ایالتی]] | term_start3 = September 5, 1774 | term_end3 = June 16, 1775 | predecessor3 = Office established | successor3 = [[توماس جفرسون]] | office4 = Member of the<br/>[[House of Burgesses|Virginia House of Burgesses]] | term_start4 = July 24, 1758<ref>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-05-02-0273-0006</ref> | term_end4 = May 6, 1776 | predecessor4 = Hugh West<ref>https://founders.archives.gov/?q=Frederick%20County%20poll&s=1111311111&sa=&r=2&sr=</ref> | successor4 = Office abolished | constituency4 = [[Frederick County, Virginia|Frederick County]] (1758-1765)<br>[[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County]] (1765-1776)<ref>https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/House-of-Burgesses</ref> | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1732|2|22}} | birth_place = [[George Washington Birthplace National Monument|Popes Creek]], [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]], [[British America]] | death_date = {{Nowrap|{{death date and age|1799|12|14|1732|2|22}}}} | death_place = [[Mount Vernon]], [[ویرجینیا ایالتی]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Epiglottitis]] | resting_place = [[Mount Vernon]] | party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Martha Washington|Martha Dandridge]]|January 6, 1759}} | children = [[John Parke Custis|John]] (adopted)<br/>Patsy (adopted) | residence = [[Mount Vernon]] | parents = [[Augustine Washington]]<br/>[[Mary Ball Washington]] | awards = [[Congressional Gold Medal]]<br/>[[Thanks of Congress]]{{Sfn|Randall|1997|p=303}} | signature = George Washington signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | allegiance = [[بویوک بریتانیا کراللیغی]]<br/>United States of America | branch = [[Virginia militia|Colonial Militia]]<br/>[[Provincial troops in the French and Indian Wars#Virginia|Virginia Regiment (Provincial troops)]]<br/>[[Continental Army]]<br/>[[United States Army]] | serviceyears = 1752–58 (Colonial forces)<br/>1775–83 (Continental Army)<br/>1798–99 (U.S. Army) | rank = [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]] (Colonial forces)<br/> [[George Washington in the American Revolution|General and Commander in Chief]] (Continental Army)<br/> [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant general]] (U.S. Army)<br/> [[General of the Armies]] (promoted posthumously in 1976 by Congress) | commands = Virginia Regiment<br/>Continental Army<br/>United States Army | battles = [[فرانسه-قیزیلدری‌لی ساواشی]]<br/>{{•}}[[Battle of Jumonville Glen]]<br/>{{•}}[[Battle of Fort Necessity]]<br/>{{•}}[[Braddock Expedition]]<br/>{{•}}[[Battle of the Monongahela]]<br/>{{•}}[[Forbes Expedition]]<br/>[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری ایستیقلال ساواشی]]<br/>{{•}}[[Boston campaign]]<br/>{{•}}[[New York and New Jersey campaign]]<br/>{{•}}[[Philadelphia campaign]]<br/>{{•}}[[یورک‌تاون کمپینی]]<br/>[[Northwest Indian War]]<br/>[[ویسکی عوصیانی]] }} [[فایل:Gilbert Stuart, George Washington (Lansdowne portrait, 1796).jpg|بندانگشتی|جورج واشیگتون]] '''جورج واشینگتن''' {{اینگیلیسجه|'''George washington'''}} (دوغوم:۱۷۳۲، اؤلوم:۱۷۷۹) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین بیرینجی جومهورباشقانی. ۱۷۸۹دان ۱۷۹۷ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو.جورج واشینقتون آمریکانین باغئمسیزلیخ ساواشیندا ان اونملی شخص دیر و چوخ اونملی ساواشلاردا آمریکالیلاری لیدرلیگ اتدی. == قایناقلار== === نوتلار=== {{Notelist}} === قایناقلامالار=== {{قایناق}} === کیتابلار=== {{For|a selected list of published works treating Washington|Bibliography of George Washington}} {{Refbegin|30em}} ;Print sources * {{cite book|last=Adams|first=Randolph Greenfield|title=Arnold, Benedict|publisher=Scribner|dictionary=[[Dictionary of American Biography]]|date=1928|editor=Allen Johnson|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofamer01ilamer#page/362/mode/1up|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Akers|first=Charles W.|chapter=John Adams|editor-last=Graff|editor-first=Henry|title=The Presidents: A Reference History|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse|edition=3|year=2002|pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse/page/22 23]–38|isbn=978-0-684-31226-2|publisher=Scribner|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Alden|first=John R.|title=George Washington, a Biography|year=1996|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|isbn=978-0-8071-2126-9|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/George_Washington.html?id=js1_ngEACAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Fred|author-link=Fred Anderson (historian)|title=Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2007|isbn=978-0-3074-2539-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFO2clqJCqMC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Avlon|first=John|title=Washington's Farewell: The Founding Father's Warning to Future Generations|author-link=John Avlon|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4767-4646-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGXUDQAAQBAJ&vq=Though+in+reviewing+the+incidents|ref=harv}} <!-- B --> * {{cite book|last=Banning|first=Lance|editor-last=Woodward|editor-first=C. Vann|editor-link=C. Vann Woodward|title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct|author-link=Lance Banning|publisher=Delacorte Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0-440-05923-3|url=https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Bassett|first=John Spencer|title=The Federalist System, 1789–1801|author-link=John Spencer Bassett|year=1906|publisher=Harper & Brothers|oclc=586531|url=https://archive.org/details/federalistsyste00bassgoog|ref=harv}} * {{cite magazine|last=|first=|date=1976|title=The Battle of Trenton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xm_fAAAAMAAJ|magazine=The National Guardsman|volume=31|location=|publisher=National Guard Association of the United States|ref={{SfnRef|"Battle of Trenton"|1976}}}} * {{cite book|last=Bell|first=William Gardner|title=Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff, 1775–2005: Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cDYW2YxLfkC|year=1992|origyear=1983|publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army|id=CMH Pub 70–14|isbn=978-0-1603-5912-5|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Boller|first=Paul F.|title=George Washington & Religion|year=1963|publisher=Southern Methodist University Press|oclc=563800860|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00boll|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Boorstin|first=Daniel J.|author-link=Daniel J. Boorstin|title=The Americans: The National Experience|year=2010|publisher=Vintage Books|url=https://books.google.com/?id=YXVMTJMf9ZAC|isbn=978-0-3077-5647-3|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last1=Breen|first1=Eleanor E.|last2=White|first2=Esther C.|title=A Pretty Considerable Distillery: Excavating George Washington's Whiskey Distillery|journal=Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia|volume=61|issue=4|pages=209–20|year=2006|url=http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf|ref=harv|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224193148/http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf|archive-date=December 24, 2011}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224193148/http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf |date=2011-12-24 }} * {{cite journal|last=Brown|first=Richard D.|title=The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A Collective View|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_william-and-mary-quarterly_1976-07_33_3/page/465|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|volume=33|number=3|date=1976|pages=465–480|ref=harv|jstor=1921543|doi=10.2307/1921543}} * {{cite book|last=Brumwell|first=Stephen|title=George Washington, Gentleman Warrior|author-link=|publisher=Quercus Publishers|year=2012|isbn=978-1-8491-6546-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhk64CAWcJgC|ref=harv}} <!-- C --> * {{cite book|last=Calloway|first=Colin G.|title=The Indian World of George Washington. The First President, the First Americans, and the Birth of the Nation|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2018|isbn=978-0-1906-5216-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyJLDwAAQBAJ&dq=9780190652166|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Carlson|first=Brady|title=Dead Presidents: An American Adventure into the Strange Deaths and Surprising Afterlives of Our Nations Leaders|year=2016|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|url=https://books.google.com/?id=2_R1CQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&vq=Bushrod#v=onepage&q=Bushrod|isbn=978-0-3932-4394-9|ref={{SfnRef|Carlson, 2016, chapter 1}}}} * {{cite journal|last=Cheatham|first=ML|title=The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy?|journal=American Surgery|date=August 2008|volume=74|issue=8|pages=770–4|pmid=18705585|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Chernow|first=Ron|title=Alexander Hamilton|year=2005|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn=978-1-1012-0085-8|author-link=Ron Chernow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z5eL5SGjEoC&vq=Washington|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Chernow|first=Ron|authormask=2|title=Washington: A Life|publisher=Penguin Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59420-266-7|url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonlife00cher_0|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Coakley|first=Robert W.|title=The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders, 1789–1878|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SMmJsJLKmvoC&pg=PA43|year=1996|origyear=1989|publisher=DIANE Publishing|pages=43–49|isbn=978-0-7881-2818-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Cooke|first=Jacob E.|chapter=George Washington|editor-last=Graff|editor-first=Henry|title=The Presidents: A Reference History |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse|edition=3 |year=2002|pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse/page/n59 1]–21|isbn=978-0-684-31226-2 |publisher=Scribner|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Craughwell|first=Thomas J.|title=Stealing Lincoln's Body|date=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=77–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmDtSJg3a_QC&pg=PA78#v=onepage|isbn=978-0-67402-458-8|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins|url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_p6k3|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|date=2010|editor-last=Cresswell|editor-first=Julia|isbn=9780199547937|ref={{SfnRef|Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins 2010}}}} * {{cite book|last=Cunliffe|first=Marcus|title=George Washington, Man and Monument|year=1958|publisher=Little, Brown|oclc=564093853|author-link=Marcus Cunliffe|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316164344|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} <!-- D --> * {{cite book |last1=Dalzell |first1=Robert F., Jr. |last2=Dalzell |first2=Lee Baldwin |title=George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America |year=1998 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00dalz |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-512114-8 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book|last=Davis|first=Burke|title=George Washington and the American Revolution|author-link=|publisher=Random House|year=1975|isbn=978-0-3944-6388-9|url=https://books.google.com/?id=pT92AAAAMAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/04/books/bookend-life-literature-and-the-pursuit-of-happiness.html|work=The New York Times|title=Bookend; Life, Literature and the Pursuit of Happiness|first=Andrew|last=Delbanco|date=1999|ref=harv}} <!-- E --> * {{cite book|last1=Elkins|first1=Stanley M.|author-link1=Stanley Elkins|first2=Eric|last2=McKitrick|title=The Age of Federalism|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|origyear=1993|isbn=978-0-19-509381-0|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Ellis|first=Joseph J.|author-link=Joseph Ellis|title=His Excellency: George Washington|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2004|isbn=978-1-4000-4031-5|url=https://archive.org/details/hisexcellencygeo0000elli|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Elliot|first=Jonathan|title=The Debates, Resolutions, and Other Proceedings, in Convention, on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution: Supplementary to the state Conventions|author-link=|publisher=Published by editor|year=1830|isbn=|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-gtAAAAAYAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last=Estes|first=Todd|title=Shaping the Politics of Public Opinion: Federalists and the Jay Treaty Debate|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-early-republic_fall-2000_20_3/page/393|journal=[[Journal of the Early Republic]]|year=2000|volume=20|issue=3|pages=393–422|jstor=3125063|doi=10.2307/3125063|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last=Estes|first=Todd|authormask=2|title=The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay Treaty|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_virginia-magazine-of-history-and-biography_2001_109_2/page/127|journal=The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography|year=2001|volume=109|issue=2|pages=127–158|jstor=4249911|ref=harv}} <!-- F --> * {{cite book|last=Farner|first=Thomas P.|date=1996|title=New Jersey in History: Fighting to Be Heard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJtomLKALYUC|location=|publisher=Down the Shore Publishing|isbn=9780945582380|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last1=Felisati|first1=D|last2=Sperati|first2=G|title=George Washington (1732–1799)|journal=Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica|date=February 2005|volume=25|issue=1|pmc=2639854|pages=55–58|ref=harv|pmid=16080317}} *{{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|title=The First of Men|author-link=John E. Ferling|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0-1997-5275-1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yHRbR8snrfoC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|author-link=John E. Ferling|authormask=2|title=Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-513409-4|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lifQ0G0m9WwC&vq=lafayette|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Almost a Miracle|last=Ferling|authormask=2|first=John E.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-1997-5847-0|url=https://archive.org/details/almostmiracleam00ferl|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|authormask=2|title=The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|year=2009|isbn=978-1-6081-9182-6|url=https://archive.org/details/ascentofgeorgewa0000ferl|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|authormask=2|title=First of Men: A Life of George Washington|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|origyear=1988|isbn=978-0-19-539867-0|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yHRbR8snrfoC&vq=curtis|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John|authormask=2|title=Jefferson and Hamilton: the rivalry that forged a nation|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MlecIL4lY_UC|isbn=978-1608195428|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Washington's Crossing|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-1951-7034-4|author-link=David Hackett Fischer|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Oreq1YztDcQC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Fishman|first1=Ethan M.|last2=Pederson|first2=William D.|last3=Rozell|first3=Mark J.|title=George Washington: Foundation of Presidential Leadership and Character|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HFkZ5RBeuKoC|ref=harv|isbn=9780275968687}} * {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|year=1936|title=Washington, George|encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of American Biography]]|last1=Fitzpatrick|first1=John C.|author-link=John C. Fitzpatrick|editor=Dumas Malone|volume=19|pages=509–527|publisher=Scribner|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofamer19amer#page/509/mode/1up}} * {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|title=George Washington: the Forge of Experience, (1732–1775)|year=1965|publisher=Little, Brown|oclc=426484|author-link=James Thomas Flexner|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000flex_u0e8|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Flexner |first=James Thomas |title=George Washington in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 |year=1967 |publisher=Little, Brown |authormask=2 |oclc= |author-link=James Thomas Flexner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEF2AAAAMAAJ |ref=harv }} * {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|authormask=2|title=George Washington and the New Nation (1783–1793)|publisher=Little, Brown|year=1969|isbn=978-0-3162-8600-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3UcMQAACAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|authormask=2|title=George Washington: Anguish and Farewell (1793–1799)|publisher=Little, Brown|year=1972|isbn=978-0-3162-8602-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bToqSwAACAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|authormask=2|title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1974|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-28605-3|ref=harv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTfWDQAAQBAJ}} * {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|authormask=2|title=The Traitor and the Spy: Benedict Arnold and John André|author-link=|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-8156-0263-7|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mpEuaCdDvkEC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Frazer|first=Gregg L.|title=The Religious Beliefs of America's Founders Reason, Revelation, and Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/religiousbel_fraz_2012_000_10692050|publisher=University Press of Kansas|date=2012|isbn=978-0-7006-1845-3|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789: 1774|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1904|last1=Ford|first1=Worthington Chauncey|first2=Gaillard|last2=Hunt|first3=John Clement|last3=Fitzpatrick|volume=1|author-link=Worthington C. Ford|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-zMSAAAAYAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Freedman|first=Russell|title=Washington at Valley Forge|year=2008|publisher=Holiday House|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia5ivgAACAAJ|isbn=978-0-8234-2069-8|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Freeman|first=Douglas Southall|title=Washington|year=1968|publisher=Scribner|oclc=426557|editor1-first=Richard Barksdale|editor1-last=Harwell|url=https://archive.org/details/washington00free|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Douglas Southall |title=George Washington: Victory with the help of France, Volume 5 |authorlink=Douglas Southall Freeman |authormask=2 |publisher=Eyre and Spottiswoode |year=1952 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42zjQgAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s |ref=harv }} * {{cite journal|last=Furstenberg|first=François|title=Atlantic Slavery, Atlantic Freedom: George Washington, Slavery, and Transatlantic Abolitionist Networks|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_william-and-mary-quarterly_2011-04_68_2/page/247|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|volume=68|number=2|publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture|year=2011|pages=247–286|jstor=10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0247|doi=10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0247|ref=harv}} <!-- G --> * {{cite book|last=Gaff|first=Alan D.|title=Bayonets in the Wilderness: Anthony Wayne's Legion in the Old Northwest|author-link=|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8061-3585-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEI11WSV3WcC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|editor-last=Gregg|editor-first=Gary L., II|editor-last2=Spalding|editor-first2=Matthew|editor-link=Gary L. Gregg|title=Patriot Sage: George Washington and the American Political Tradition|year=1999|publisher=ISI Books|isbn=978-1-882926-38-1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=q4axDZ5OMdcC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Grizzard|first=Frank E., Jr.|title=George Washington: A Biographical Companion|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-082-6|author-link=Frank E. Grizzard, Jr.|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RioTGCygpT8C&vq=curtis|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Grizzard|first=Frank E., Jr.|title=George!: A Guide to All Things Washington|url=https://archive.org/details/georgeguidetoall0000griz|year=2005|publisher=Mariner Pub|isbn=978-0-9768-2388-9|ref=harv}} <!-- H --> * {{cite book|last=Hayes|first=Kevin J. |title=George Washington, A Life in Books|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000haye|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780190456672|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Henderson|first=Donald|title=Smallpox: The Death of a Disease|url=https://archive.org/details/smallpoxdeathofd0000hend|year=2009|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1-5910-2722-5|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Henriques|first=Peter R.|date=2006|title=Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuQHciwgYzUC&pg=PA65#v=onepage|publisher=University Press of Virginia|isbn=978-0-8139-2741-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last=Heydt|first=Bruce|title='Vexatious Evils': George Washington and the Conway Cabal|journal=American History|year=2005|volume=40|issue=5|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Higginbotham|first=Don|title=George Washington Reconsidered|year=2001|publisher=University Press of Virginia|isbn=978-0-8139-2005-4|url=https://books.google.com/?id=L0qGWo_NGlAC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Hindle|first=Brooke|title=David Rittenhouse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgyOJO93UtAC&pg=PA92|origyear=1964|year=2017|page=92|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-400-88678-4|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Hirschfeld|first=Fritz|title=George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal|year=1997|publisher=University of Missouri Press|isbn=978-0-8262-1135-4|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00hirs|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} <!-- I --> * {{cite book|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|title=Benjamin Franklin, an American Life|author-link=Walter Isaacson|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2003|isbn=9780743260848|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIW915dDMBwC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Irving|first=Washington|title=Life of George Washington, Vol. 5|author-link=|publisher=G. P. Putnam and Son|year=1857|url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashington05irvirich|ref=harv}} <!-- J --> * {{cite book|last=Jensen|first=Merrill|title=The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781|year=1948|orig-year=1940|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|oclc=498124|author-link=Merrill Jensen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEMLAQAAIAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Jillson|first1=Calvin C.|last2=Wilson|first2=Rick K.|title=Congressional Dynamics: Structure, Coordination, and Choice in the First American Congress, 1774–1789|publisher=Stanford University Press|date=1994|isbn=978-0-8047-2293-3|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Johnstone|first=William|title=George Washington, the Christian|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MzWruWAnHM0C|publisher=The Abingdon Press|year=1919|oclc=19524242|ref=harv}}<!--Though on this edition, the author's name is rendered both in print and in his signed author's statement as "JohnSON", in later editions and in later books the man's name is rendered and signed as "JohnSTONE". See [ Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/George Washington/archive4#Google links issue] --> <!-- K --> * {{cite book|editor=Michael Kazin|last1=Genovese|first1=Michael A.|title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History. (Two volume set)|url=https://books.google.com/?id=4hqpJEJp7cUC&pg=PA589|year=2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1400833566|ref=harv}} *{{cite book|first= Kevin J|last=Hayes|title=George Washington: A Life in Books|url= https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000haye|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780190456672|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Ketchum|first=Richard M.|title=The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton|year=1999|publisher=Henry Holt|isbn=978-0-8050-6098-0|origyear=1973|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZWf2AwAAQBAJ|ref=harv}} *{{cite book|last=Kettner|first=James H.|title=The Development of American Citizenship, 1608–1870|url=https://archive.org/details/developmentofame0000kett|url-access=registration|year=1978|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|isbn=0-8078-1326-5|ref=harv}}* * {{cite journal|last=Kohn|first=Richard H.|title=The Inside History of the Newburgh Conspiracy: America and the Coup d'Etat|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_william-and-mary-quarterly_1970-04_27_2/page/187|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|date=April 1970|volume=27|issue=2|pages=187–220|jstor=1918650|doi=10.2307/1918650|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Kohn|first=Richard H.|authormask=2|title=Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802|year=1975|pages=[https://archive.org/details/eagleswordfed00kohn/page/n264 225]–42|publisher=Free Press|isbn=978-0-02-917551-4|url=https://archive.org/details/eagleswordfed00kohn|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last=Kohn|first=Richard H.|authormask=2|title=The Washington Administration's Decision to Crush the Whiskey Rebellion|url=http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/Radhistory/radical%20history%20articles/Washington's%20Decision%20to%20Crush%20Whiskey%20Rebellion.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150924183930/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/Radhistory/radical%20history%20articles/Washington's%20Decision%20to%20Crush%20Whiskey%20Rebellion.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2015|journal=[[The Journal of American History]]|year=1972|volume=59|issue=3|pages=567–84|jstor=1900658|doi=10.2307/1900658|ref=harv}}{{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150924183930/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/Radhistory/radical%20history%20articles/Washington's%20Decision%20to%20Crush%20Whiskey%20Rebellion.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} * {{cite book|last=Korzi|first=Michael J.|title=Presidential Term Limits in American History: Power, Principles, and Politics|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nYZHG2P-9QC&dq=editions:eZH5b7sFYLQC|isbn=978-1-60344-231-2|ref=harv}} <!-- L --> * {{cite book|last1=Lancaster|first1=Bruce|title=The American Revolution|year=1985|publisher=American Heritage Press|isbn=978-0-8281-0281-0|first2=John H.|last2=Plumb|author-link2=John H. Plumb|url=https://books.google.com/?id=qSe4n1h-I0UC|ref=harv|postscript=, heavily illustrated.}} * {{Citation|last=Lear|first=Tobias|author-link=Tobias Lear|chapter=Tobias Lear to William Augustine Washington|date=December 15, 1799|editor-last=Ford|editor-first=Worthington Chauncey|title=The Writings of George Washington|volume=14|page=257|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/?id=XqE3y9LZmfgC&pg=PA257|publisher=G. Putnam & Sons|publication-date=1893|isbn=|ref=harv}}<!-- In order for the 1799 letter to be rendered correctly as being published in an 1893 compilation this particular "cite" form ("citation") must be used. --> * {{cite book|last=Lengel|first=Edward G.|title=General George Washington: A Military Life|year=2005|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4000-6081-8|author-link=Edward G. Lengel|url=https://archive.org/details/generalgeorgewas00leng|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Levy|first=Philip|title=Where the Cherry Tree Grew, The Story of Ferry Farm, George Washington's Boyhood Home|author-link=|publisher=Macmillan|year=2013|isbn=978-1-2500-2314-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dbh0XeajrOMC&vq=%22tell+a+lie%22|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Lightner|editor1-first=Otto C.|editor2-last=Reeder|editor2-first=Pearl Ann|title=Hobbies, Volume 58|year=1953|publisher=Lightner Publishing Company|page=133|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8CbnAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCN36020068&q=rittenhouse|ref=harv}} <!-- M --> * {{cite book|title=George Washington's War on Native America|first=Barbara Alice|last=Mann|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MWqW4be2kw8C|year=2008|publisher=University of Nevada Press|page=106|isbn=978-0-8032-1635-8|ref=harv}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book|last=McCullough|first=David|title=1776|year=2005|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-2671-4|author-link=David McCullough|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uu1mC6zWNTwC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Middlekauff|first=Robert|title=Washington's Revolution: The Making of America's First Leader, The revolution from General Washington's perspective|author-link=Robert Middlekauff|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2015|url=https://books.google.com/?id=F01ABAAAQBAJ|ref=harv|isbn=978-1-1018-7424-0}} * {{cite journal|last=Morens|first=David M.|title=Death of a President|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1999-12-09_341_24/page/1844|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=December 1999|volume=341|issue=24|pages=1845–1849|ref=harv|doi=10.1056/NEJM199912093412413|pmid=10588974}} * {{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Kenneth|title=George Washington and the Problem of Slavery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-studies_2000-08_34_2/page/279|journal=Journal of American Studies|volume=34|number=2|year=2000|pages=279–301|ref=harv|jstor=27556810|doi=10.1017/S0021875899006398}} * {{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Philip D.|title="To Get Quit of Negroes": George Washington and Slavery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-studies_2005-12_39_3/page/403|journal=Journal of American Studies|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=39|number=3|year=2005|pages=403–429|ref=harv|jstor=27557691|doi=10.1017/S0021875805000599}} * {{cite book|last=Morrison|first=Jeffery H.|title=The Political Philosophy of George Washington|author-link=|publisher=JHU Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8018-9109-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3vfS_uxvrQC&vq=anglican|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Robert K.|last2=Blessing|first2=Tim H.|title=Greatness in the White House: Rating the Presidents, from Washington Through Ronald Reagan|url=https://archive.org/details/greatnessinwhite0000unse|publisher=Penn State Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-271-01090-8|ref=harv}} <!-- N --> * {{cite book|last=Nagy|first=John A.|title=George Washington's Secret Spy War: The Making of America's First Spymaster|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-2500-9682-1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=uDinCwAAQBAJ|ref=harv}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite journal|editor1-last=Newton|editor1-first=R.S.|editor2-last=Freeman|editor2-first=Z.|editor3-last=Bickley|editor3-first=G.|title=Heroic Treatment—Illness and Death of George Washington|journal=The Eclectic Medical Journal|volume=1717|date=1858|page=273|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnkBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA273#v=onepage|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Novak|first1=Michael & Jana|title=Washington's God: Religion, Liberty, and the Father of Our Country|author-link=Michael Novak|publisher=Basic Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7867-2216-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9v9dW1e2344C|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Nowlan|first=Robert A.|title=The American Presidents, Washington to Tyler What They Did, What They Said, What Was Said About Them, with Full Source Notes|date=2014|isbn=978-1-4766-0118-2|publisher=McFarland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNWU1e9ppUC&vq=third+term|ref=harv}} <!-- O, P --> * {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Dave Richard|title=George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2010|isbn=978-1-5969-8164-5|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zANrP6rOOJkC&vq=promotion|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Parry|first1=Jay A.|last2=Allison|first2=Andrew M.|title=The Real George Washington: The True Story of America's Most Indispensable Man|year=1991|publisher=National Center for Constitutional Studies|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CSETAQAAMAAJ|isbn=978-0-8808-0013-6|author-link=Jay A. Parry|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Parsons|first=Eugene|title=George Washington: A Character Sketch|author-link=|publisher=H. G. Campbell publishing Company|year=1898|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington01pars|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last=Peabody|first=Bruce G.|date=September 1, 2001|title=George Washington, Presidential Term Limits, and the Problem of Reluctant Political Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2001-09_31_3/page/439|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=31|issue=3|pages=439–453|doi=10.1111/j.0360-4918.2001.00180.x|ref=harv|jstor=27552322}} * {{cite book|last=Philbrick|first=Nathaniel|title=Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution|date=2016|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=9780143110194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ1iCgAAQBAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Puls|first=Mark|title=Henry Knox: Visionary General of the American Revolution|author-link=|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-2306-1142-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xf5Kmmp-yycC&vq=cincinnatus|ref=harv}} <!-- Q, R --> * {{cite book|last=Randall|first=Willard Sterne|title=George Washington: A Life|year=1997|publisher=Henry Holt & Co|isbn=978-0-8050-2779-2|author-link=Willard Sterne Randall|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rand|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Rasmussen|first1=William M. S.|title=George Washington-the Man Behind the Myths|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Virginia|isbn=978-0-8139-1900-3|first2=Robert S.|last2=Tilton|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rasm|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Rose|first=Alexander|title=Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring|url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonsspies00alex|author-link=|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|year=2006|isbn=978-0-553-80421-8|ref=harv}} <!-- S --> * {{cite book|last=Schwarz|first=Philip J.|title=Slavery at the home of George Washington|author-link=|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|year=2001|isbn=|url=https://books.google.com/?id=uA0aAQAAIAAJ&q=sunday|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Spalding|first1=Matthew|last2=Garrity|first2=Patrick J.|title=A Sacred Union of Citizens: George Washington's Farewell Address and the American Character|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredunionofcit00spal|url-access=registration|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.|location=Lanham, Boulder, New York, London|date=1996|isbn=978-0-8476-8262-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Sparks|first=Jared|title=The Life of George Washington|author-link=Jared Sparks|publisher=F. Andrews|year=1839|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash01spar|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Sobel|first=Robert|title=Panic on Wall Street: A History of America's Financial Disasters|publisher=Beard Books|date=1968|ref=harv|isbn=978-1-893122-46-8}} * {{cite book|last=Stavish|first=Mark|title=Freemasonry: Rituals, Symbols & History of the Secret Society|publisher=Llewellyn Publications|date=2007|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QZQK6as71lsC|isbn=978-0-7387-1148-5|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1=Strickland|first1=William|title=The Tomb of Washington at Mount Vernon|year=1840|publisher=Carey & Hart|url=https://archive.org/stream/tombofwashington00stri#page/n9/mode/2up|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The Five-Ton Life|last=Subak|first=Susan|year=2018|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-9688-6|url=https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/university-of-nebraska-press|ref=harv}}{{Dead link|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!-- T --> * {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Alan|title=American Revolutions A Continental History, 1750–1804|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|year=2016|isbn=978-0-393-35476-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E92aCwAAQBAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Mary|title=In The Hands of a Good Providence|year=2008|publisher=University Press of Virginia|isbn=978-0-8139-2763-3|page=40|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/22742|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Twohig|first=Dorothy|editor-last=Higginbotham|editor-first=Don|title=George Washington Reconsidered|chapter="That Species of Property": Washington's Role in the Controversy over Slavery|chapterurl=http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/resources/articles/species/|publisher=University Press of Virginia|pages=114–138|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8139-2005-4|ref=harv}} <!-- U --> * {{cite book|last=Unger|first=Harlow Giles|title="Mr. President" George Washington and the Making of the Nation's Highest Office|year=2013|publisher=Da Capo Press, A Member of the Perseus Book Group|isbn=978-0-306-82241-4|author-link=Harlow Unger|url=https://archive.org/details/mrpresidentgeorg0000unge|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} <!-- V --> * {{cite journal|last=Vadakan|first=Vibul V.|title=A Physician Looks At The Death of Washington|journal=The Early America Review|date=Winter–Spring 2005|volume=6|issue=1|url=http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2005_winter_spring/washingtons_death.htm|issn=1090-4247|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216141728/http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2005_winter_spring/washingtons_death.htm|archive-date=December 16, 2005|ref={{SfnRef|Vadakan|2005}}}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216141728/http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2005_winter_spring/washingtons_death.htm |date=2005-12-16 }} * {{cite book|last=Van Doren|first=Carl|author-link=Carl Clinton Van Doren|title=Secret history of the American Revolution : an account of the conspiracies of Benedict Arnold and numerous others|publisher=Garden City Pub. Co.|year=1941|url=https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofa00vand|ref=harv}} <!-- W, X, Y, Z --> * {{cite book|last1=Waldman|first1=Carl|last2=Braun|first2=Molly|title=Atlas of the North American Indian|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofnorthamer00wald|url-access=registration|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|date=2009|edition=3|isbn=978-0-8160-6859-3|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Weems|first=Mason Locke|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/gw/weems.html|title=A History of the Life and Death, Virtues and Exploits of General George Washington|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1810|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=2007-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213072825/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/gw/weems.html|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book|last=Wiencek|first=Henry|title=An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America|year=2003|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-17526-9|author-link=Henry Wiencek|url=https://books.google.com/?id=9Wr1AAAAQBAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Wood|first=Gordon S.|title=The Radicalism of the American Revolution|year=1992|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|isbn=978-0-679-40493-4|author-link=Gordon S. Wood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lGinKwz7l8C&vq=patriot|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Wood|first=Gordon S.|editor=Don Higginbotham|authormask=2|title=George Washington Reconsidered|year=2001|publisher=University Press of Virginia|isbn=978-0-8139-2005-4|url=https://books.google.com/?id=L0qGWo_NGlAC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Wulf|first=Andrea|title=Founding Gardeners: The Revolutionary Generation, Nature, and the Shaping of the American Nation|author-link=|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2012|isbn=978-0-3073-9068-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzEa-lL8rngC|ref=harv}} ;Primary sources * {{cite book|last=Elliot|first=Jonathan|title=The Debates, Resolutions, and Other Proceedings, in Convention, on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution: "Containing the debates in Massachusetts and New York"|author-link=|publisher=Jonathan Elliot|year=1827|isbn=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUWsf5O4DdwC}} * {{cite web|url=http://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/GEWN|publisher=University Press of Virginia|year=2011|access-date=March 7, 2011|title=The Papers of George Washington|website=The Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition|editor-last=Lengel|editor-first=Edward G.|editor-link=Edward G. Lengel|url-access=registration|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Writings of George Washington (39 Vols)|year=1931|editor-first=John C.|editor-last=Fitzpatrick|publisher=U.S. Govt. Print Off.}} * {{cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000366819/Home|publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off.|via=Hathi Trust Digital Library|year=2016|orig-year=1931–1944|access-date=March 7, 2011|title=The Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799|editor-last=Fitzpatrick|editor-first=John|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Washington|first=George|title=Letter to Continental Army, November 2, 1783, Farewell Orders; Letter to Henry Knox, November 2, 1783|year=1799|work=George Washington Papers, 1741–1799: Series 3b Varick Transcripts|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mgw3&fileName=mgw3b/gwpage016.db&recNum=347|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=November 13, 2011|ref=harv|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821112926/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mgw3&fileName=mgw3b%2Fgwpage016.db&recNum=347|archive-date=August 21, 2013}} * {{cite web|last=Washington|first=George|title=Sentiments on a Peace Establishment|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-11202|publisher=National Historical Publications and Records Commission (The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration)|date=1783|ref=harv|access-date=July 20, 2018}} * {{cite web|last=Washington|first=George|title=Letter to Richard Peters, September 7, 1788|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/04-06-02-0447|publisher=National Historical Publications and Records Commission (The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration)|date=1788|access-date=February 11, 2019|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Washington|first=George|title=April 1789|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-05-02-0005-0001|publisher=National Historical Publications and Records Commission (The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration)|date=1789|access-date=February 26, 2020|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Weems|first=Mason Locke|title=A history of the life and death, virtues and exploits of General George Washington : with curious anecdotes equally honourable to himself and exemplary to his young countrymen|author-link=Mason Locke Weems|publisher=J.B. Lippincott|year=1918|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoflifede00weem|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|author-last=Riley|author-first=Edward M.|title=St. George Tucker's Journal of the Siege of Yorktown, 1781|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_william-and-mary-quarterly_1948-07_5_3/page/375|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|date=July 1948|jstor=1923466|publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture|volume=5|number=3|pages=375–395|doi=|ref={{SfnRef|Riley, 1948, pp.375–395}}}} ;Online sources * {{cite web|title=Honorary French Citizenship|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|access-date=February 1, 2019|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/honorary-french-citizenship/|ref={{SfnRef|George Washington's Mount Vernon, Essay, citizenship}}}} * {{cite web|title=A Brief History|url=https://gwmemorial.org/pages/history|publisher=The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association (GWMNMA)|ref={{SfnRef|"A Brief 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2018|ref={{SfnRef|"Five-star Generals, 2017"}}}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613072040/https://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|archive-date=June 13, 2017|volume=26|number=7|date=March 1968|pages=289–299|ref=harv|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613072040/https://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf |date=2017-06-13 }} * {{cite web|last=Immekus|first=Alexander|title=Freemasonry|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/freemasonry/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|date=2018|access-date=September 7, 2018|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Lurie|first=Shira|title=George Washington's Farewell Address|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-washingtons-farewell-address/|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|access-date=March 20, 2019|ref={{SfnRef|Lauir, Shira, 2019}}|accessdate=2020-04-28|archivedate=2019-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320192745/https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-washingtons-farewell-address/}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel06.html|title=Religion and the Founding of the American Republic|publisher=Library of Congress|year=2011|ref=harv|access-date=July 20, 2018}} * {{cite web|title=1-cent Washington|date=May 16, 2006|url=https://arago.si.edu/category_2033234.html|website=Arago News/Online Database of the National Postal Museum|publisher=Smithsonian Institution/National Postal Museum|last=Shapiro|first=Jeff|access-date=November 29, 2018|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-04-28|archivedate=2018-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220181308/https://arago.si.edu/category_2033234.html}} * {{cite web|title=Slave Control|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/slave-control//|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|access-date=August 10, 2018|ref={{SfnRef|Slave Control (Mount Vernon Ladies' Association Essay)}}}} * {{cite web|title=Slave Labor|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|access-date=July 1, 2018|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/slave-labor/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|ref={{SfnRef|Slave Labor (Mount Vernon Ladies' Association Essay)}}}} * {{cite web|title=Surveying|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|access-date=June 13, 2016|url=http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/surveying/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|ref=MV2016}} * {{cite web|title=Ten Facts About Washington & Slavery|url=http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/slavery/ten-facts-about-washington-slavery/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|access-date=July 20, 2018|ref={{SfnRef|"Ten Facts About Washington & Slavery"}}}} * {{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Mary V.|title=Death Defied|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-man-the-myth/death-defied-dr-thorntons-radical-idea-of-bringing-george-washington-back-to-life/|ref={{SfnRef|"Death Defied"}}|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Essay 3|access-date=October 14, 2018}} * {{cite web|title=The Tomb|url=http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/tomb/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|access-date=April 12, 2018|ref=tomb}} * {{cite web|last=Tsakiridis|first=George|title=George Washington and Religion|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-washington-and-religion/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|date=2018|access-date=September 15, 2018|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|last=Wallenborn|first=White McKenzie, M.D.|title=George Washington's Terminal Illness: A Modern Medical Analysis of the Last Illness and Death of George Washington|year=1999|url=http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/history/articles/illness/|work=[[The Papers of George Washington]]|publisher=University of Virginia|ref=harv|access-date=July 20, 2018|accessdate=2020-04-28|archivedate=2018-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924192344/http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/history/articles/illness/}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/usstates/wa.htm|title=Washington|publisher=Worldatlas|access-date=January 3, 2011|ref={{SfnRef|"Washington"}}}} * {{cite web|title=Where the Cherry Tree Grew: An Interview with Phillip Levy|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-man-the-myth/where-the-cherry-tree-grew-an-interview-with-phillip-levy/|website=George Washington's Mount Vernon|access-date=July 20, 2018}} * {{cite web|last1=Willard|first1=Joseph|title=To George Washington from Joseph Willard, 28 February 1781|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-05045|publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110014/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-05045|archive-date=February 21, 2017|year=2017|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-04-28|archivedate=2017-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110014/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-05045}} * {{cite web|title=Siena's 6th Presidential Expert Poll 1982–2018|url=https://scri.siena.edu/2019/02/13/sienas-6th-presidential-expert-poll-1982-2018/|publisher=Siena College Research Institute|date=February 13, 2019|ref={{SfnRef|Siena Expert Poll 1982–2018}}|access-date=February 26, 2019}} * {{cite journal|last=Gardner|first=Andrew G.|title=How Did Washington Make His Millions?|url=https://www.history.org/foundation/journal/winter13/washington.cfm|publisher=The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation|journal=CW Journal|date=Winter 2013|ref={{SfnRef|Gardner (Winter 2013)}}|access-date=June 11, 2019|archive-date=2019-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620054332/https://www.history.org/foundation/journal/winter13/washington.cfm|url-status=dead}} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == <!-- Please do not add external links to subjects that are covered here or in the Bibliography of George Washington --> {{Spoken Wikipedia|en-George Washington-article.ogg|2019-03-02}} {{Library resources box}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060630162324/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/washington/ George Washington Resources] at the [[ویرجینیا بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?george-washington-potomac-river Original Digitized Letters of George Washington] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618091818/http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?george-washington-potomac-river |date=2012-06-18 }} Shapell Manuscript Foundation * [https://founders.archives.gov/about/Washington The Papers of George Washington], subset of [https://founders.archives.gov/ Founders Online] from the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] * [https://www.archive.org/details/copiesofwillsofg1904wash ''Copies of the wills of General George Washington: the first president of the United States and of Martha Washington, his wife''] (1904), edited by E. R. Holbrook * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Washington-George George Washington Personal Manuscripts] * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y28v Washington & the American Revolution], BBC Radio{{فاصله}}4 discussion with Carol Berkin, Simon Middleton & Colin Bonwick (''In Our Time'', June 24, 2004) * {{Gutenberg author|id=4659}} * {{BHL author}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{S-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief of the [[Continental Army]]|years=1775–1783}} {{S-aft|after=[[هنری ناکس]]|as=[[Commanding General of the United States Army|Senior Officer of the U.S. Army]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[James Wilkinson]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Commanding General of the United States Army|Senior Officer of the U.S. Army]]|years=1798–1799}} {{S-aft|after=[[الکساندر همیلتون]]}} {{S-break}} {{s-off}} {{S-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1789–1797}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان آدامز]]}} {{S-end}} {{George Washington|state=expanded}} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to George Washington |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{United States Constitution signatories}} {{US Army Chiefs of Staff}} {{American Revolutionary War|state=collapsed}} {{Washington family}} {{Washington cabinet}} {{Washington and Lee University}} {{College of William & Mary chancellors}} {{Hall of Fame for Great Americans}} }} {{Subject bar|portal1=American Revolutionary War|portal2=Biography|portal3=United States|portal4=Politics|portal5=Virginia|commons=y|commons-search=George Washington|b=y|b-search=US History/Presidents|q=y|s=y|s-search=Author:George Washington|v=y|v-search=The US Presidents/George Washington|wikt=y|wikt-search=George Washington}} {{Authority control}} {{کیمسه-قارالاما}} {{مین مقاله}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Washington, George}} [[بؤلمه:جورج واشینقتون]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۷۳۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۷۹۹-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:ماونت ورنن، ویرجینیا دوغوملولار]] k1fjdp3ofjzfd9nt0a3oiv4ocn31c1y 0 19151 1590716 1590454 2026-07-15T10:04:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = James K. Polk | image = James Polk restored.jpg | office = 11th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[جورج ام. دالاس]] | term_start = March 4, 1845 | term_end = March 4, 1849 | predecessor = [[جان تایلر]] | successor = [[زکری تئیلور]] | office2 = 9th [[Governor of Tennessee]] | term_start2 = October 14, 1839 | term_end2 = October 15, 1841 | predecessor2 = [[نیوتون کانون]] | successor2 = [[جیمز سی. جونز]] | office3 = 13th [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] | term_start3 = December 7, 1835 | term_end3 = March 3, 1839 | predecessor3 = [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]] | successor3 = [[رابرت ام. تی. هانتر]] | office4 = Chair of the <br>[[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]] | term_start4 = March 4, 1833 | term_end4 = March 4, 1835 | predecessor4 = [[قولیان سی. ورپلانک]] | successor4 = [[چورچیل سی. کامبرلنق]] | office5 = Member of the<br />[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[تنسی ایالتی]] | term_start5 = March 4, 1825 | term_end5 = March 3, 1839 | predecessor5 = [[جان آلزاندر کوک]] | successor5 = [[هاروئی مئیج واترزون]] | constituency5 = [[Tennessee's 6th congressional district|6th district]] (1833&ndash;1839)<br>[[Tennessee's 9th congressional district|9th district]] (1825&ndash;1833) | birth_name = James Knox Polk | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1795|11|2}} | birth_place = [[Pineville, North Carolina]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1849|6|15|1795|11|2}} | death_place = [[نشویل]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cholera]] | restingplace = [[Tennessee State Capitol]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Sarah Childress Polk|Sarah Childress]]|January 1, 1824}} | education = [[قوزئی کارولینا چپل هیل بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | nickname = Young Hickory, Napoleon of the Stump | signature = James K Polk Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | parents = [[Samuel Polk]]<br />Jane Knox }} ''' جئیمز ناکس پولک''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]:James konx polk(دوغوم:۱۷۹۵،اؤلوم:۱۸۴۹) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۴۵ دن ۱۸۴۹ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==کیتابلار== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Bergeron|first=Paul H.|year=1986|title=The Presidency of James K. Polk|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofjame0000berg|publisher=University of Kansas Press|location=Lawrence, Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-0319-0}} * {{cite book|last=Borneman|first=Walter R.|author-link=Walter R. Borneman|year=2008|title=Polk: The Man Who Transformed the Presidency and America|publisher=Random House|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/polkmanwhotransf00born|isbn=978-1-4000-6560-8}} * {{cite book|last1=Calabresi|first1=Steven G.|authorlink=Steven G. Calabresi|last2=Yoo|first2=Christopher S.|authorlink2=Christopher S. Yoo|year=2008|title=The Unitary Executive: Presidential Power from Washington to Bush|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, Connecticut|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=4sJhrLROSc8C}}|isbn=978-0-300-19139-4}} * {{cite journal|last=Chaffin|first=Tom|year=1995|title="Sons of Washington": Narciso López, Filibustering, and U.S. Nationalism, 1848–1851|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-early-republic_spring-1995_15_1/page/79|journal=Journal of the Early Republic|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|volume=15|issue=1|pages=79–108|jstor=3124384|doi=10.2307/3124384}} * {{cite book|last=Conniff|first=Michael L.|authorlink=Michael Conniff|year=2001|title=Panama and the United States: The Forced Alliance|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens, Georgia|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=Q67loLxB-eYC}}|isbn=978-0-8203-2348-0}} * {{cite book|last=Dusinberre|first=William|year=2003|title=Slavemaster President: The Double Career of James Polk|publisher=Oxford University Press USA|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/slavemasterpresi00dusi_0|isbn=978-0-19-515735-2}} * {{cite journal|last=Eisenhower|first=John S. D.|authorlink=John Eisenhower|year=1994|title=The Election of James K. Polk, 1844|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tennessee-historical-quarterly_summer-1994_53_2/page/n3|journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly|volume=53|issue=2|pages=74–87|issn=0040-3261}}. * {{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Amy S.|authorlink=Amy S. Greenberg|year=2012|title=A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=4a1sAAAAQBAJ}}|isbn=978-0-307-59269-9}} * {{cite journal|last=Greenstein|first=Fred I.|authorlink=Fred I. Greenstein|year=2010|title=The Policy-Driven Leadership of James K. Polk: Making the Most of a Weak Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2010-12_40_4/page/725|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=40|issue=4|pages=725–733|jstor=23044848|doi=10.1111/j.1741-5705.2010.03808.x}} * {{cite book|last=Haynes|first=Sam W.|year=1997|title=James K. Polk and the Expansionist Impulse|publisher=Longman|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/jameskpolkexpans00hayn|isbn=978-0-673-99001-3}} * {{cite journal|last=Lee, Jr.|first=Ronald C.|year=2002|title=Justifying Empire: Pericles, Polk, and a Dilemma of Democratic Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_polity_summer-2002_34_4/page/503|journal=Polity|volume=34|issue=4|pages=503–531|jstor=3235415|doi=10.1086/POLv34n4ms3235415}} * {{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Thomas M.|year=2000|title=James K. Polk: A Clear and Unquestionable Destiny|publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc.|location=Wilmington, Delaware|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=NQugPgduF0kC}}|isbn=978-0-8420-2647-5}}. * {{cite book|last=Merry|first=Robert W.|authorlink=Robert W. Merry|year=2009|title=A Country of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, the Mexican War, and the Conquest of the American Continent|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=FvvccDDEwMgC}}|isbn=978-0-7432-9743-1|ref=Merry}} * {{cite book|last=Pletcher|first=David M.|authorlink=David M. Pletcher|year=1973|title=The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War|publisher=University of Missouri|location=Columbia, Missouri|url=https://archive.org/details/diplomacyofannex00davi|isbn=978-0-8262-0135-5}} * {{cite book|last=Randall|first=Stephen J.|authorlink=Stephen Randall|title=Colombia and the United States: Hegemony and Interdependence|date=1992|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens, Georgia|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=FWiHAInapZQC}}|isbn=978-0-8203-1402-0}} * {{cite book |last=Remini|first=Robert V.|author-link=Robert V. Remini|year=1984|title=Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833–1845|publisher=Harper & Row Publishers, Inc.|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=GFYXfKlPhLkC}}|isbn=978-0-8018-5913-7}} * {{cite book|last1=Seigenthaler|first1=John|author-link=John Seigenthaler Sr|year=2004|title=James K. Polk|publisher=Times Books|location=New York, New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/jameskpolk0000seig|isbn=978-0-8050-6942-6}}, short popular biography. * {{cite book|last1=Truman|first1=Harry S.|authorlink1=Harry S. Truman|last2=Ferrell|first2=Robert H.|authorlink2=Robert H. Ferrell|year=1997|title=Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia, Missouri|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=DVVffTwVVy4C}}|isbn=978-0-8262-1119-4}} Letter to [[دین اچسون]] (unsent), August 26, 1960 * {{cite book|last=Woodworth|first=Steven E.|authorlink=Steven E. Woodworth|year=2010|title=Manifest Destinies: America's Westward Expansion and the Road to the Civil War|publisher=Albert A. Knopf|location=New York, New York|url={{Google books|plainurl=y|id=YE_KdW27HagC}}|isbn=978-0-307-26524-1}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== * Chaffin, Tom. ''Met His Every Goal? James K. Polk and the Legends of Manifest Destiny'' (University of Tennessee Press; 2014) 124 pages. * [[Bernard DeVoto|De Voto, Bernard]]. ''The Year of Decision: 1846''. Houghton Mifflin, 1943. * Dusinberre, William. "President Polk and the Politics of Slavery". ''American Nineteenth Century History'' 3.1 (2002): 1–16. {{ISSN|1466-4658}}. Argues he misrepresented strength of abolitionism, grossly exaggerated likelihood of slaves' massacring white families and seemed to condone secession. * Kornblith, Gary J. "Rethinking the Coming of the Civil War: a Counterfactual Exercise". ''Journal of American History'' 90.1 (2003): 76–105. {{ISSN|0021-8723}}. Asks what if Polk had not gone to war. * McCormac, Eugene Irving. ''James K. Polk: A Political Biography to the End of a Career, 1845–1849''. Univ. of California Press, 1922. (1995 reprint has {{ISBN|0-945707-10-X}}.) hostile to Jacksonians. * Morrison, Michael A. "Martin Van Buren, the Democracy, and the Partisan Politics of Texas Annexation". ''Journal of Southern History'' 61.4 (1995): 695–724. {{ISSN|0022-4642}}. Discusses the election of 1844. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54440370 online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524182017/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54440370 |date=2012-05-24 }}. * Pinheiro, John C. ''Manifest Ambition: James K. Polk and Civil-Military Relations during the Mexican War''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. * Sellers, Charles. ''James K. Polk, Jacksonian, 1795–1843'' (1957) [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;view=toc;idno=heb00748.0001.001 vol 1 online]; and ''James K. Polk, Continentalist, 1843–1846''. (1966) [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;view=toc;idno=heb00748.0002.001 vol 2 online]; long scholarly biography. * {{cite book|authorlink1=Joel H. Silbey|author=Silbey, Joel H. |title=A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgCJAgAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Wiley|pages=195–290|isbn=9781118609293 }} * Smith, Justin Harvey. ''The War with Mexico, Vol 1.'' (2 vol 1919), [https://archive.org/details/warwithmexico04smitgoog full text online]. * Smith, Justin Harvey. ''The War with Mexico, Vol. 2''. (2 vol 1919). [https://archive.org/details/warwithmexico02smitgoog full text online]; Pulitzer prize; still the standard source. *Winders, Richard Bruce. ''Mr. Polk's army: the American military experience in the Mexican war''. No. 51. Texas A&M University Press, 2001. ===Primary sources=== * Cutler, Wayne, et al. ''Correspondence of James K. Polk''. 1972–2004. {{ISBN|1-57233-304-9}}. Ten vol. scholarly edition of the complete correspondence to and from Polk. * Polk, James K. Polk: ''The Diary of a President, 1845–1849: Covering the Mexican War, the Acquisition of Oregon, and the Conquest of California and the Southwest''. Vol. 296. Capricorn Books, 1952. * Polk, James K. ''The Diary of James K. Polk During His Presidency, 1845–1849'' edited by Milo Milton Quaife, 4 vols. 1910. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3453762 Abridged version by Allan Nevins. 1929, online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524183312/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3453762 |date=2012-05-24 }}. ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{آمبار}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikisource author}} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamespolk White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122042541/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamespolk |date=2017-01-22 }} * [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/people/president/james-k-polk James K. Polk Presidential Papers Collection, The American Presidency Project] at the [[کالیفورنیا، سانتا باربارا بیلیم‌یوردو]] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|P000409}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=James Knox Polk |sopt=t}} * {{Librivox author|id=11285}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/polk/ James K. Polk: A Resource Guide], from the [[Library of Congress]] * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Polk-James-K James K. Polk's Personal Correspondence] Shapell Manuscript Foundation * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070721035700/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/polk Extensive essay on James K. Polk and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/polk.asp Inaugural Address of James K. Polk] from The Avalon Project at the [[Yale Law School]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090116212357/http://www.nchistoricsites.org/polk/polk.htm President James K. Polk State Historic Site, Pineville, North Carolina] from a [[شومالی کارولینا ایالتی]] website * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?123943-1/life-portrait-james-k-polk "Life Portrait of James K. Polk"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', May 28, 1999 {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان آلزاندر کوک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Tennessee's 6th congressional district]]|years=1825–1833}} {{S-aft|after=[[بالی پئیتون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام فیتزجرالد (سیاستچی)]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Tennessee's 9th congressional district]]|years=1833–1839}} {{S-aft|after=[[هاروئی مئیج واترزون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[قولیان سی. ورپلانک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]|years=1833–1835}} {{S-aft|after=[[چورچیل سی. کامبرلنق]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives]]|years=1835–1839}} {{S-aft|after=[[رابرت ام. تی. هانتر]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[نیوتون کانون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1839–1841}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمز سی. جونز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان تایلر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1845–1849}} {{S-aft|after=[[زکری تئیلور]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[Robert Armstrong (Tennessee politician)|Robert Armstrong]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1839, 1841, 1843}} {{S-aft|after=[[هارون وی. براون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[مارتین ون بورن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1844 United States presidential election|1844]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[لوئیس کاس]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to James K. Polk |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{USDemPresNominees}} {{Governors of Tennessee}} {{USHouseSpeaker}} {{US House Ways and Means chairs}} {{Polk cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1844}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|United States|Politics|Law}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:جیمز ناکس پولک]] [[بؤلمه:۱۷۹۵-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۴۹-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تنسی دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] p4j05qzw2q867knepsll4qyhluc67hr 0 19152 1590720 1584320 2026-07-15T10:24:31Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |image = John Tyler.jpg |office = 10th [[President of the United States]] |term_start = April 4, 1841 |term_end = March 4, 1845 |caption = [[Photographic printing|Photographic print]] of Tyler<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96522383/ Library of Congress]</ref> |vicepresident = ''None''{{Efn|Tyler was Vice President under President [[ویلیام هنری هریسون]] and became President upon Harrison's death on April 4, 1841. This was before the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, and a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next election.}} |predecessor = [[ویلیام هنری هریسون]] |successor = [[جئیمز ناکس پولک]] |office2 = 10th [[Vice President of the United States]] |president2 = William Henry Harrison |term_start2 = March 4, 1841 |term_end2 = April 4, 1841 |predecessor2 = [[ریچارد ام. جانسون]] |successor2 = [[جورج ام. دالاس]] |jr/sr3 = United States Senator |state3 = [[ویرجینیا ایالتی]] |term_start3 = March 4, 1827 |term_end3 = February 29, 1836 |predecessor3 = [[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]] |successor3 = [[ویلیام سی. ریوس]] |office4 = [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate]] |term_start4 = March 3, 1835 |term_end4 = December 6, 1835 |predecessor4 = [[George Poindexter]] |successor4 = [[ویلیام آر. کینق]] |office5 = 23rd [[Governor of Virginia]] |term_start5 = December 10, 1825 |term_end5 = March 4, 1827 |predecessor5 = [[جیمز پلزنتز]] |successor5 = [[ویلیام برنچ قیلز]] |state6 = [[ویرجینیا ایالتی]] |district6 = [[Virginia's 23rd congressional district|23rd]] |term_start6 = December 17, 1816 |term_end6 = March 3, 1821 |predecessor6 = [[John Clopton]] |successor6 = [[آندریو ایستیونسون]] |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1790|3|29}} |birth_place = [[Charles City County, Virginia]] |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1862|1|18|1790|3|29}} |death_place = [[ریچموند، ویرجینیا]], [[آمریکا کونفدراتیو ایالتلری]] |death_cause = [[Stroke]] |restingplace = [[Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)]] |otherparty = [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] (1811–1828)<br />[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] (1828–1834)<br />[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] (1834–1841)<br />[[Democratic-Republican Party (1844)|New Democratic-Republican Party]] (1844) |party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1841–1844, 1844–1862) |parents = [[جان تیلر سر.]] <br /> Mary Armisted |spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Letitia Christian Tyler|Letitia Christian]]<br />|March 29, 1813|September 10, 1842|end=died}}|{{Marriage|[[Julia Gardiner Tyler|Julia Gardiner]]<br />|June 26, 1844}}}} |children = 15, including [[Letitia Semple|Letitia]], [[Robert Tyler (Confederate Register of the Treasury)|Robert]], [[داوید قاردینر تیلر]], [[John Alexander Tyler|John Alexander]], and [[لیون قاردینر تیلر]] |alma_mater = [[ویلیام و مری کالجی]] |profession = Politician, lawyer, farmer |signature = John Tyler Signature 2.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |allegiance = {{بایراق|United States of America|1795}} *{{بایراق|Virginia|1861}} |branch = Charles City Rifles (Virginia militia company) |serviceyears = 1813 |rank = [[Captain (United States)|Captain]] }} [[فایل:WHOportTyler.jpg|بندانگشتی|جان تایلر]] ''' جان تایلر''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: John taylor (دوغوم:۱۷۹۰،اؤلوم:۱۸۶۲) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۰اونجو جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۴۱ دن ۱۸۴۵قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{قایناق|group=lower-alpha}} ==قایناقلار== ===کیتابلار=== {{Refbegin}} '''Books''' * {{cite book |last=Chitwood |first=Oliver Perry |title=John Tyler, Champion of the Old South |url=https://archive.org/details/johntylerchampio0000opch |publisher=Russell & Russell |year=1964 |origyear=Orig. 1939, Appleton-Century |oclc=424864 |ref=Chitwood}} * {{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Jared |title=Accidental Presidents: Eight Men Who Changed America |url=https://archive.org/details/accidentalpresid0000cohe_i0y0 |date=2019 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-1501109829 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/accidentalpresid0000cohe_i0y0/page/1 1]–48 |edition=Hardcover}} * {{cite book |last=Crapol |first=Edward P. |title=John Tyler, the Accidental President |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8078-3041-3 |ref=Crapol |url=https://archive.org/details/johntyleracciden00edwa }} * {{cite book |last=Freehling |first=William W. |title=The Road to Disunion: Volume I: Secessionists at Bay. 1776–1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195072594 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-19-507259-4 |ref=Freehling}} * {{cite book |last=Hatch |first=Louis C. |title=A History of the Vice-Presidency of the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofvicepre0000hatc |url-access=registration |publisher=Greenwood Press Publishers |origyear=Orig. 1934, The New York Historical Society |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-8371-4234-0 |ref=Hatch }} * {{cite book |editor-last1=Kruman |editor-first1=Marc W. |editor-last2=Brinkley |editor-first2=Alan |title=The Reader's Companion to the American Presidency: John Tyler |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-395-78889-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780395788899 }} * {{cite book |last=Lambert |first=Oscar D. |title=Presidential Politics in the United States, 1841–1844 |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentialpoli0000osca |location=Durham, North Carolina |publisher=Duke University Press |oclc=5575260 |year=1936}} * {{cite book |last1=Macmahon |first1=Edward B. |last2=Curry |first2=Leonard |title=Medical Cover-Ups in the White House |publisher=Farragut Publishing Company |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-918535-01-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/medicalcoverupsi00macm }} * {{cite book |last=May |first=Gary |editor1-last=Schlesinger |editor1-first=Arthur M. Jr. |editor2-last=Wilentz |editor2-first=Sean |title=John Tyler |publisher=Times Books (Henry Holt and Company) |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8050-8238-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEg8IW8NBnMC |ref=May }} * {{cite book |last=Monroe |first=Dan |title=The Republican Vision of John Tyler |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=2003 |isbn=1-58544-216-X |ref=Monroe}} * {{cite book |last=Morgan |first=Robert J. |title=A Whig Embattled: The Presidency Under John Tyler |url=https://archive.org/details/whigembattledpre0000robe |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |oclc=1717505 |year=1954}} * {{cite book |last=Peterson |first=Norma Lois |title=The Presidencies of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler |url=https://archive.org/details/presidenciesofwi0000pete |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-7006-0400-5 |ref=Peterson }} *{{cite book |last=Pulliam |first=David Loyd |title=The Constitutional Conventions of Virginia from the foundation of the Commonwealth to the present time |publisher= John T. West, Richmond |year=1901 |isbn= 978-1-2879-2059-5 |ref=pulliam}} * {{cite book |last=Roseboom |first=Eugene H. |title=A History of Presidential Elections |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofpreside04rose |url-access=registration |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-02-604890-3 |ref=Roseboom }} * {{cite book |last=Schouler |first=James |authorlink=James Schouler |title=History of the United States of America: Under the Constitution vol. 4. 1831–1847. Democrats and Whigs |publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company |location=New York City |year=1917 |oclc=60721697 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ff2XRHSDkA4C&pg=PR11 }} * {{cite book |last=Seager |first=Robert, II |title=And Tyler Too: A Biography of John and Julia Gardiner Tyler |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1963 |oclc=424866 |ref=Seager |url=https://archive.org/details/andtylertooabiog013722mbp }} * {{cite book |last=Wise |first=Henry A. |authorlink=Henry A. Wise |title=Seven Decades of the Union: The Humanities and Materialism Illustrated by a Memoir of John Tyler, with Reminiscences of Some of his Great Contemporaries |url=https://archive.org/details/sevendecadesofun00wise |location=Philadelphia |publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co. |oclc=17829001 |year=1872 }} '''Articles''' * {{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html|title=The Presidents: John Tyler|publisher=[[Executive Office of the President of the United States|The White House]]|access-date=2014-06-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115094705/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html|archive-date=2009-01-15|df=mdy-all|accessdate=2020-05-14|archivedate=2009-01-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115094705/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html}} * {{cite journal|last=Bybee|first=Jay S.|author-link=Jay Bybee|date=Winter 1997|title=Ulysses at the Mast: Democracy, Federalism, and the Sirens' Song of the Seventeenth Amendment|journal=Northwestern University Law Review|volume=91|issue=2|pages=500–72|url=http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/350|access-date=June 1, 2014|ref=Bybee}} * {{cite journal |last=Crapol |first=Edward P. |title=John Tyler and the Pursuit of National Destiny |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-early-republic_fall-1997_17_3/page/467 |journal=[[Journal of the Early Republic]] |year=1997 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=467–91 |issn=0275-1275 |doi=10.2307/3123944 |jstor=3123944 }} *{{cite journal|author-link1=Leonard Dinnerstein|last=Dinnerstein|first=Leonard|title=The Accession of John Tyler to the Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_virginia-magazine-of-history-and-biography_1962-10_70_4/page/447|journal=The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography|volume=70|number=4|date=October 1962|pages=447–58|jstor=4246893|ref=Dinnerstein}} * {{cite web |editor-last=Freehling |editor-first=William W. |editor-link=William W. Freehling |title=American President: John Tyler |url=http://millercenter.org/president/tyler |publisher=[[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] (University of Virginia) |access-date=November 16, 2008 |ref=Freehling }} * Kesilman, Sylvan H. "John Tyler as President: An Old School Republican in Search of Vindication", in ''The Moment of Decision: Biographical Essays on American Character and Regional Identity'', R. M. Miller and J. R. McGivigan, eds. Westport. CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. ISSN 0084-9219 * {{cite journal| last = Kleber| first = Louis C.| date = October 1975| title = John Tyler| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_history-today_1975-10_25_10/page/697| journal = History Today| pages = 697–703| ref = Kleber| volume = 25| issue = 10}} * {{cite journal|last=Leahy|first=Christopher|title=Torn Between Family and Politics: John Tyler's Struggle for Balance|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_virginia-magazine-of-history-and-biography_2006_114_3/page/323|journal=The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography|volume=114|number=3|year=2006|pages=323–55|ref=Leahy}} * McCormick, Richard P. "William Henry Harrison and John Tyler" in [http://www.presidentprofiles.com/Washington-Johnson/Harrison-William-Henry-and-Tyler-John.html Henry Graff, ''The Presidents: A Reference History'' 2d ed. (1996) pp 143–54. ] * {{cite journal|last=Varon|first=Elizabeth R.|title=Tippecanoe and the Ladies, Too: White Women and Party Politics in Antebellum Virginia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1995-09_82_2/page/494|journal=The Journal of American History|volume=82|issue=2|date=September 1995|pages=494–521|ref=Varon|doi=10.2307/2082184|jstor=2082184}} '''Archival collections''' *The personal papers of the Tyler family, including John Tyler, can be found at the [[Special Collections Research Center (Earl Gregg Swem Library)|Special Collections Research Center]] at the [[ویلیام و مری کالجی]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tyler Family Papers, Group A|url=http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=6999|publisher=Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary|accessdate=January 22, 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728052645/http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/index.php?p=collections%2Fcontrolcard&id=6999|archivedate=July 28, 2011|df=mdy-all}} </ref> *The executive papers of John Tyler while he was [[Governor of Virginia]] can be found at the [[Library of Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A Guide to the Governor John Tyler Executive Papers, 1825–1827|url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00885.xml|publisher=Virginia Heritage|accessdate=May 8, 2014|archivedate=2014-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713053954/http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00885.xml}}</ref> {{Refend}} ===وب‌سایتلار=== {{قایناق|colwidth=30em|refs= <ref name="legacy">[[#Crapol|Crapol]], pp. 2–3: <blockquote>John Tyler is not one of the famous or better-known American presidents.&nbsp;... Other biographers and historians have argued that John Tyler was a hapless and inept chief executive whose presidency was seriously flawed. Although acknowledging that Tyler was not a great president, I believe he was a stronger and more effective President than generally remembered. &nbsp; [[#Freehling|Miller Center]], U. Va., "Impact and Legacy": :"By claiming the right to a fully functioning and empowered presidency instead of relinquishing the office or accepting limits on his powers, Tyler set a hugely important precedent.&nbsp;... Unfortunately, Tyler proved much better at taking over the presidency than at actually being President." &nbsp; [[#Freehling|Miller Center]], U. Va., "Foreign affairs": :"In sharp contrast to his domestic policies, John Tyler's foreign policy decision making went much more smoothly.&nbsp;... Overall, Tyler could claim an ambitious, successful foreign policy presidency, due largely to the efforts of Secretary of State Webster, who served from 1841 to 1843." &nbsp; [[#Monroe|Monroe]], p. 3: :"The vicious political infighting that characterized his term probably accounts for the low regard with which the Tyler presidency has been held by historians. His presidency is generally ranked as one of the least successful, despite achievements like the Webster–Ashburton treaty which heralded the prospect of improved relations with Great Britain, and the annexation of Texas, which added millions of acres to the national domain." &nbsp; [[#Seager|Seager]], p. xiii: :"Yet John Tyler has become one of America's most obscure Chief Executives. His countrymen generally remember him, if they have heard of him at all, as the rhyming end of a catchy campaign slogan." &nbsp; ''ibid'', p. xvi: :"Yet I find him to be a courageous, principled man, a fair and honest fighter for his beliefs. He was a President without a party." :"True, he was neither a great President nor a great intellectual.&nbsp;... Save for the success of his Texas policy and his Maine Boundary treaty with Great Britain, his administration has been and must be counted an unsuccessful one by any modern measure of accomplishment."</ref> }} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * {{بریتانیکا|611480}} * [https://millercenter.org/president/tyler John Tyler at Miller Center, U Virginia] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johntyler White House biography] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|T000450}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/tyler/index.html John Tyler: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * [https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/john_tyler.pdf U.S. Senate Historian's Office: Vice Presidents of the United States—John Tyler] * [http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/union_or_secession/people/john_tyler John Tyler in Union or Secession: Virginians Decide] at the [[Library of Virginia]] * [http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Tyler_John_1790-1862 Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918025930/https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Tyler_John_1790-1862 |date=2020-09-18 }} at [[Encyclopedia Virginia]]/[[Library of Virginia]] * {{Gutenberg author|id=Tyler,+John+(1790–1862) | name=John Tyler}} * {{Librivox author|id=11284}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=John Tyler}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728052701/http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/index.php?p=collections%2Ffindingaid&id=6999 Finding aid of the Tyler Family Papers, Group A] * [http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/lva/vi00885.xml.frame A Guide to the Governor John Tyler Executive Papers, 1825–1827] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110910/http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/lva/vi00885.xml.frame |date=2011-07-20 }} at [http://www.lva.virginia.gov/ The Library of Virginia] *[http://www.c-span.org/video/?123380-1/life-portrait-john-tyler "Life Portrait of John Tyler"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', May 17, 1999 *[https://www.c-span.org/video/?306305-1/john-tyler-accidental-president "John Tyler: The Accidental President"], presentation by [[Edward Crapol]] at the [[Kansas City Public Library]], April 11, 2012 {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[John Clopton]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Virginia|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Virginia's 23rd congressional district]]|years=1816–1821}} {{S-aft|after=[[آندریو ایستیونسون]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[جیمز پلزنتز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Virginia]]|years=1825–1827}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام برنچ قیلز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[George Poindexter]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate]]|years=1835}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام آر. کینق]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد ام. جانسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1841}} {{S-aft|after=[[جورج ام. دالاس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام هنری هریسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1841–1845}} {{S-aft|after=[[جئیمز ناکس پولک]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Virginia|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Virginia]]|years=1827–1836 |alongside=[[لیتلتون دبلیو. تیزول]], [[ویلیام سی. ریوس]], [[Benjamin W. Leigh]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام سی. ریوس]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-new|party}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] nominee for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1836 United States presidential election|1836]],¹ [[1840 United States presidential election|1840]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[تئودور فرلینقهویسن]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Henry Lee (economist)|Henry Lee]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Nullifier Party|Nullifier]] nominee for [[Vice President of the United States]]<br />{{Small|Endorsed}}|years=[[1836 United States presidential election|1836]]}} {{S-non|reason=Party dissolved}} {{S-ref|The Whig Party ran regional candidates in 1836. Tyler ran in the Southern states, and [[فرانسیس قرانجر]] ran in the Northern states.}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to John Tyler |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{USVicePresidents}} {{USSenVA}} {{Governors of Virginia}} {{Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates}} {{USWhigVicePresNominees}} {{USSenPresProTemp}} {{Tyler cabinet}} {{Authority control}} {{College of William & Mary chancellors}} {{United States presidential election, 1836}} {{United States presidential election, 1840}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|United States|Politics|Law|Virginia}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۷۹۰-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۶۲-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویرجینیا سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] 01xlhp507riw669ogd9qo6syr32cbo3 0 19153 1590711 1580241 2026-07-15T09:57:15Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Zachary Taylor |image = Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg |office = 12th [[President of the United States]] |vicepresident = Millard Fillmore |term_start = March 4, 1849<ref group="lower-alpha">Taylor's term of service was scheduled to begin at noon EST on March 4, 1849, but as this day fell on a Sunday, Taylor refused to be sworn in until the following day. Vice President Millard Fillmore was also not sworn in on that day. Most scholars believe that according to the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]], Taylor's term began on March 4, regardless of whether he had taken the oath.</ref> |term_end = July 9, 1850 |predecessor = [[جئیمز ناکس پولک]] |successor = [[میلارد فیلمور]] |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1784|11|24}} |birth_place = [[باربورزویل، ویرجینیا]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1850|7|9|1784|11|24}} |death_place = [[واشینقتن، دی.سی.]], U.S. |death_cause = [[Stomach disease]] |restingplace = [[Zachary Taylor National Cemetery]] |party = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] |spouse = {{Marriage|[[Margaret Taylor|Margaret Smith]]|June 21, 1810}} |children = 6, including [[Sarah Knox Taylor|Sarah]], [[Mary Elizabeth Bliss|Mary]], and [[ریچارد تایلور]] | parents = [[Richard Taylor (colonel)|Richard Taylor]]<br />Sarah Dabney Strother |profession = |signature = Zachary Taylor Signature-2.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |branch = {{بایراق|United States Army}} |serviceyears = 1808–1849 |rank = [[File:Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg|border|23px]] [[Major general (United States)|Major general]] |commands = [[Army of Occupation (Mexico)|Army of Occupation]] |battles = [[۱۸۱۲-جی ایل ساواشی]]<br />{{•}}[[Siege of Fort Harrison]]<br />[[قارا شاهین ساواشی]]<br />[[Second Seminole War]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Lake Okeechobee]]<br />[[مکزیک-آمریکا ساواشی]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Palo Alto]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Resaca de la Palma]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Monterrey]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Buena Vista]] }} ''' زکری تئیلور''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]:Zachary taylor (دوغوم:۱۷۸۴،اؤلوم:۱۸۵۰) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۹اونجو جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۴۹ دان۱۸۵۰ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist|}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|colwidth=30em|refs= <!--<ref name=TAPPO>{{cite book |last = Whitney |first = David C |coauthors = Robin Vaughn Whitney |title = The American Presidents |url = https://archive.org/details/americanpresiden0000whit_i7k3 |publisher = The Reader's Digest Association |year = 1993 |page = [https://archive.org/details/americanpresiden0000whit_i7k3/page/101 101] |isbn = 1-56865-031-0}}</ref> this ref was removed--> <ref name=MCCAE>{{cite web |title = Zachary Taylor: Campaigns and Elections |publisher = Miller Center of Public Affairs |url = http://millercenter.org/president/taylor/essays/biography/3 |accessdate = January 8, 2009 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150702083159/http://millercenter.org/president/taylor/essays/biography/3 |archivedate = July 2, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> <!--<ref name=MCLBP>{{cite web |title = Zachary Taylor: Life Before the Presidency |publisher = Miller Center of Public Affairs |url = http://millercenter.org/president/taylor/essays/biography/2 |accessdate =January 12, 2009}}</ref>--> }} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== {{Refbegin}} {{سوتون باشلا}} {{Col-2}} '''General biographies''' * {{cite book |last=Bauer |first=K. Jack |title=Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest |publisher=[[Louisiana State University Press]] |year=1985 |isbn=0-8071-1237-2 |ref=Bauer |url=https://archive.org/details/zacharytaylorsol00baue }} * {{cite book |last=Dyer |first=Brainerd |title=Zachary Taylor |url=https://archive.org/details/technicolortimem0000harr_u6k5 |series=Southern Biography series |publisher=[[Louisiana State University Press]] |year=1946 |ref=Dyer}} * {{cite book |last=Eisenhower |first=John S.D. |title=Zachary Taylor |series=The American Presidents series |publisher=[[Times Books]] ([[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]) |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8050-8237-1 |ref=Eisenhower |url=https://archive.org/details/zacharytaylor00eise }} * {{cite book |last=Fry |first=Joseph Reese |date=2009 |orig-year=1848 |title=A Life of Gen. Zachary Taylor |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=Nf2zoo3krDIC&pg=PA177 |location=Bedford, MA |publisher=Applewood Books |isbn=978-1-4290-2125-8 |ref=Fry}} * Graff, Henry F., ed. ''The Presidents: A Reference History'' (3rd ed. 2002) [https://www.presidentprofiles.com// online] * {{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Holman |title=Zachary Taylor: Soldier of the Republic |year=1941 |publisher=[[Bobbs-Merrill Company]] |location=Indianapolis, Ind. |volume=[vol. 1] |ref=Hamilton-1}} * {{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Holman |title=Zachary Taylor: Soldier in the White House |year=1951 |publisher=[[Bobbs-Merrill Company]] |location=Indianapolis, Ind. |volume=[vol. 2] |ref=Hamilton-2}} * {{cite book |last1=McKinley |first1=Silas B. |last2=Bent |first2=Silas |title=Old Rough and Ready: The Life and Times of Zachary Taylor |url=https://archive.org/details/oldroughreadyzac0000mcki |location=New York |publisher=[[Vanguard Press]] |year=1946}} * Smith, Gustavus, Woodson. (2001) ''Company "A" Corps of Engineers, U.S.A., 1846–1848, in the Mexican War.'' Edited by Leonne M. Hudson, Kent State University Press {{ISBN|0-87338-707-4}} '''Political history''' * {{cite book |last=Holt |first=Michael F |title=The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War |url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofameric0000holt |year=1999 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-505544-3 |ref=Holt}} * Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union, vol. 1: Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847–1852'' (1947), covers politics in depth. [https://archive.org/details/ordealofunion00nevi/page/n3 Online free to borrow] * {{cite book|authorlink1=Joel H. Silbey |last=Silbey |first=Joel H. |title=Party Over Section: The Rough and Ready Presidential Election of 1848 |url=https://archive.org/details/partyoversection0000silb |year=2009 |publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]] |isbn=978-0-7006-1640-4}} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Elbert B. |title=The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore |publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]] |year=1988 |isbn=0-7006-0362-X |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700603626 }} * {{cite book |last=Lossing |first=Benson J |title=The American nation: its executive, legislative, political, financial, judicial and industrial history : embracing sketches of the lives of its chief magistrates, its eminent statesmen, financiers, soldiers and jurists, with monographs on subjects of peculiar historical interest, Volume 2 |url=https://archive.org/details/amnationexec01clevrich |year=1888 |publisher=Williams Publishing Co. |ref=Lossing}} * {{cite book|author=Silbey, Joel H. |title=A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgCJAgAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9781118609293}} pp 291–308 '''Genealogy''' * {{cite book |url=http://www.williambrewster.com/brewstergenealogy.htm |title=The Brewster Genealogy, 1566–1907: a Record of the Descendants of William Brewster of the "Mayflower," ruling elder of the Pilgrim church which founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 |last=Jones |first=Emma C. Brewster |location=New York |publisher=Grafton Press |year=1908 |access-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718052212/http://www.williambrewster.com/brewstergenealogy.htm |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} * {{cite book |last1=Otto |first1=Julie Helen |last2=Roberts |first2=Gary Boyd |year=1995 |title=Ancestors of American Presidents |url=https://archive.org/details/ancestorsofameri0000robe_l8k9 |location=Santa Clarita, Calif. |publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society |isbn=0-936124-19-9}} '''Further reading''' * {{cite book |last=Montgomery |first=Henry |title=The Life of Major General Zachary Taylor |authorlink= |publisher=Aubura, J. C. kDerby & co. |year=1847 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/lifemajorgenera01montgoog |ref=henry}} {{سوتون قورتار}} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Wikisource author}} {{Wikiquote}} {{آمبار}} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/zacharytaylor White House biography] * [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/people/president/zachary-taylor Zachary Taylor Presidential Papers Collection, The American Presidency Project] at the [[کالیفورنیا، سانتا باربارا بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [https://millercenter.org/president/taylor Zachary Taylor] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] at the [[ویرجینیا بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/taylor/index.html Zachary Taylor: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Zachary Taylor |birth=1784 |death=1850}} * {{Librivox author|id=11286}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130430065047/http://www.familytales.org/results.php?tla=zat Zachary Taylor letters, 1846–1848] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?123944-1/life-portrait-zachary-taylor "Life Portrait of Zachary Taylor"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', May 31, 1999 * [https://archive.today/20130705162557/http://library.uta.edu/usmexicowar/biographyresult.php?bio_id=17 Zachary Taylor] at [http://library.uta.edu/usmexicowar/ A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War], Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[هنری کلی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] nominee for President of the United States|years=[[1848 United States presidential election|1848]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[وینفیلد اسکات]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[جئیمز ناکس پولک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1849–1850}} {{S-aft|after=[[میلارد فیلمور]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Zachary Taylor |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{USWhigPresNominees}} {{Taylor cabinet}} {{Black Hawk War (1832)}} {{Kentucky in the War of 1812}} {{United States presidential election, 1848}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|United States|Politics|Virginia}} {{Authority control}} {{یاخشی مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:۱۷۸۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۵۰-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:باربورزویل، ویرجینیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:لوئیزویل، کنتاکی سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] 40z40w0e3y36mkafc61cwmme7gpy3dc 0 19157 1590703 1571301 2026-07-15T09:25:44Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = James Buchanan| image = James Buchanan.jpg | office = 15th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[جان سی. برکینریج]] | term_start = March 4, 1857 | term_end = March 4, 1861 | predecessor = [[فرانکلین پیرس]] | successor = [[آبراهام لینکلون]] | order1 = 20th | minister_from1 = United States | country1 = United Kingdom | president1 = [[فرانکلین پیرس]] | term_start1 = August 23, 1853 | term_end1 = March 15, 1856 | predecessor1 = [[جوزف رید اینجرزول]] | successor1 = [[جورج ام. دالاس]] | order2 = 17th | office2 = United States Secretary of State | president2 = [[جئیمز ناکس پولک]]<br />[[زکری تئیلور]] | term_start2 = March 10, 1845 | term_end2 = March 7, 1849 | predecessor2 = [[جان سی. کلهون]] | successor2 = [[جان ام. کلیتون]] | jr/sr3 = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] | state3 = [[پنسیلوانیا ایالتی]] | term_start3 = December 6, 1834 | term_end3 = March 5, 1845 | predecessor3 = [[ویلیام ویلکینز]] | successor3 = [[سایمون کامرون]] | order4 = 5th | minister_from4 = United States | country4 = Russia | president4 = [[اندرو جکسون]] | term_start4 = June 11, 1832 | term_end4 = August 5, 1833 | predecessor4 = [[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]] | successor4 = [[ویلیام ویلکینز]] | office5 = Chairman of the <br />[[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee]] | term_start5 = March 5, 1829 | term_end5 = March 3, 1831 | predecessor5 = [[فیلیپ پندلتون باربور]] | successor5 = [[وارن آر. داویس]] | office6 = Member of the<br />[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[پنسیلوانیا ایالتی]] | term_start6 = March 4, 1821 | term_end6 = March 3, 1831 | predecessor6 = [[Jacob Hibshman]] (3rd)<br />[[James S. Mitchell]] (4th) | successor6 = [[Daniel H. Miller]] (3rd)<br />[[William Hiester (Pennsylvania)|William Hiester]] (4th) | constituency6 = {{ushr|PA|3|3rd district}} (1821–1823)<br />{{ushr|PA|4|4th district}} (1823–1831) | office7 = Member of the <br />[[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] | term_start7 = 1814 | term_end7 = 1816 | predecessor7 = Emanuel Reigart, Joel Lightner, Jacob Grosh, John Graff, Henry Hambright, Robert Maxwell | successor8 = Joel Lightner, Hugh Martin, John Forrey, Henry Hambright, Jasper Slaymaker, Jacob Grosh<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellis |first1=Franklin |last2=Evans |first2=Samuel |date=1883 |title=History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yX7Ih0EQUaQC&pg=PA214 |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Everts & Peck |page=214}}</ref> | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1791|4|23}} | birth_place = [[Cove Gap, Pennsylvania]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1868|6|1|1791|4|23}} | death_place = [[لنکستر، پنسیلوانیا]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Woodward Hill Cemetery]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | partner = | education = [[دیکنسون کالجی]] (BA) | signature = James Buchanan Signature2.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | allegiance = {{بایراق|United States}} | branch = Pennsylvania Militia | serviceyears = 1814<ref>{{cite book |last=Klein |first=Philip Shriver |date=1962 |title=President James Buchanan: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/stream/presidentjamesbu007671mbp#page/n57/mode/2up |location=University Park, PA |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |page=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ticknor |first=Curtis, George |date=1883 |title=Life of James Buchanan, Fifteenth President of the United States |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=Uyb7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Harper & Brothers |page=10|isbn=9781623768218 }}</ref> | rank = Private | unit = Henry Shippen's Company, 1st Brigade, 4th Division | battles = [[۱۸۱۲-جی ایل ساواشی]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Baltimore|Defense of Baltimore]] | children = [[Harriet Lane]], adopted | profession = }} [[فایل:Hon._James_Buchanan_-_NARA_-_528318-crop.jpg|بندانگشتی|جیمز بیوکنن]] '''جئیمز بیوکنن''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :James buchanan (دوغوم:۱۷۹۱، اؤلوم:۱۸۶۸) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۵-نجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۵۷دن ۱۸۶۱ قدر ایش اوستونده اولدو. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|30em}} ===Works cited=== {{Refbegin|35em}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Armitage|first1=Susan H.|last2=Faragher|first2=John Mack|author-link3=Mari Jo Buhle|last3=Buhle|first3=Mari Jo|last4=Czitrom|first4=Daniel J.|title=Out of Many, TLC Combined, Revised Printing (4th Edition)|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2005|isbn=0-13-195130-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/outofmanytlccomb00john}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Baker|first=Jean H.|author-link=Jean H. Baker|title=James Buchanan|publisher=Times Books|year=2004|isbn=0-8050-6946-1|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780805069464|url-access=registration}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0805069461 excerpt and text search] * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Beatty|first=Michael A.|title=County Name Origins of the United States|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-7864-1025-6|url=https://archive.org/details/countynameorigin0000beat|year=2001}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Chadwick|first=Bruce|title=1858: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant and the War They Failed to See|year=2008|publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc.|isbn=978-1402209413|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMMyGtjNOXMC}} * {{cite book|last=Curtis|first=George Ticknor|title=Life of James Buchanan: Fifteenth President of the United States|ref=harv|year=1883|publisher=Harper & Brothers|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/?id=32wFAAAAQAAJ}} *{{cite journal|last=Flude|first=Anthony G.|title=Manuscript XXIII: A Raiatean Petition for American Protection|journal=The Journal of Pacific History|url=|volume=47|issue=1|date=March 2012|publisher=Australian National University|location=Canberra|doi=10.1080/00223344.2011.632982|jstor=|oclc=785915823|pages=111–121|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Grossman|first=Mark|title=Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalcorrupt0000gros|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-57607-060-3}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Hall|first=Timothy L.|title=Supreme Court justices: a biographical dictionary|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8153-1176-8|url=https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Klein|first=Philip Shriver|journal=American Heritage Magazine|title=The Lost Love of a Bachelor President|date=December 1955|volume=7|issue=1|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/lost-love-bachelor-president|access-date=2012-11-29}} * {{cite book|last=Klein|first=Philip S.|title=President James Buchanan: A Biography|publisher=American Political Biography Press|ref=harv|year=1962|edition=1995|isbn=0-945707-11-8}} * {{cite book|last=Jurinski|first=James John|date=2012|title=Tax Reform: A Reference Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZHlYJLIoisC&pg=PA17|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-322-4|ref={{SfnRef|Jurinski}}}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=McPherson|first=James M.|title=Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era|year=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199743902|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXfGuNAvm7AC}} * {{cite book|last=Nevins|first=Allan|title=The Emergence of Lincoln: Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857–1859|year=1950|publisher=Scribner|isbn=9780684104157|url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceoflinco01nevi}} * {{cite book|last=Potter|first=David Morris|title=The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861|url=https://archive.org/details/impendingcrisis00pott|url-access=registration|year=1976|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=9780060905248|ref=harv}} Pulitzer prize. * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Ross|first=Shelley|date=1988|title=Fall from Grace: Sex, Scandal, and Corruption in American Politics from 1702 to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/fallfromgracese000ross|url-access=registration|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0-345-35381-8}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Smith|first1=Elbert|title=The Presidency of James Buchanan|date=1975|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=0-7006-0132-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofjame0000smit}} * {{cite book|last=Stampp|first=Kenneth M.|title=America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink|year=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195074819|ref=harv|url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24268497|access-date=2020-04-27|archive-date=2010-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526132545/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24268497|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Strauss|first1=Robert|title=Worst. President. Ever.: James Buchanan, the POTUS Rating Game, and the Legacy of the Least of the Lesser Presidents|date=2016|isbn=9781493024841|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|title=The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851099528|editor-last=Tucker|editor-first=Spencer C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYfSbFGFWlUC}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|first=Robert P.|last=Watson|title=Affairs of State: The Untold History of Presidential Love, Sex, and Scandal, 1789–1900|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2012|isbn=9781442218369|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTaFL7EwkikC}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{Refbegin|35em}} ===ایکینجی ال قایناقلار=== * {{cite journal|last=Binder|first=Frederick Moore|title=James Buchanan: Jacksonian Expansionist|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_historian_autumn-1992_55_1/page/69|journal=Historian|date=1992|volume=55|issue=1|pages=69–84|issn=0018-2370|doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1992.tb00886.x}} * {{cite book|last=Binder|first=Frederick Moore|title=James Buchanan and the American Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesbuchananame0000bind|date=1994 |publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=9780945636649}} * {{cite book|editor-last=Birkner|editor-first=Michael J.|title=James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s|url=https://archive.org/details/jamesbuchananpol0000unse|date=1996|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=9780945636892}} * {{cite journal|last=Meerse|first=David|title=Buchanan, the Patronage, and the Lecompton Constitution: a Case Study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_civil-war-history_1995-12_41_4/page/291|journal=Civil War History|date=1995|volume=41|issue=4|pages=291–312|issn=0009-8078|doi=10.1353/cwh.1995.0017}} * [[Allan Nevins|Nevins, Allan]]. ''The Emergence of Lincoln'' 2 vols. (1960) highly detailed narrative of his presidency * Nichols, Roy Franklin; ''The Democratic Machine, 1850–1854'' (1923), [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=1112776 detailed narrative; online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526133204/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=1112776 |date=2010-05-26 }} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Quist|editor1-first=John W.|editor2-last=Birkner|editor2-first=Michael J.|title=James Buchanan and the Coming of the Civil War|date=2013|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=9780813044262}} * {{cite book|last=Rhodes|first=James Ford|title=History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the End of the Roosevelt Administration|volume=2|year=1906|publisher=Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5G9KAAAAYAAJ}} * {{cite book|author-link=Joel H. Silbey|last=Silbey|first=Joel H.|title=A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgCJAgAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Wiley|pages=397–464|isbn=9781118609293}} * {{cite book|last=Updike|first=John|title=Buchanan Dying: A Play|url=https://archive.org/details/buchanandyingpla0000updi|date=2013|orig-year=1974|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=9780812984910}} ===کؤک قایناقلار=== * Buchanan, James. ''[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29501 Fourth Annual Message to Congress.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912131435/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29501 |date=2018-09-12 }}'' (1860, December 3). * Buchanan, James. ''[http://deila.dickinson.edu/theirownwords/title/0010.htm Mr Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion]'' (1866) * ''National Intelligencer'' (1859) {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Wikisource author}} {{Wikiquote}} {{آمبار}} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesbuchanan White House biography] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|B001005}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/buchanan/index.html James Buchanan: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * The [http://www2.hsp.org/collections/manuscripts/b/Buchanan0091.html James Buchanan papers], spanning the entirety of his legal, political and diplomatic career, are available for research use at the [[Historical Society of Pennsylvania]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080726185412/http://www.americanpresident.org/history/jamesbuchanan/ University of Virginia article: Buchanan biography] * [http://www.wheatland.org/ Wheatland] * [http://www.tulane.edu/~sumter/Buchanan.html James Buchanan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709024501/http://www.tulane.edu/~sumter/Buchanan.html |date=2008-07-09 }} at [[تولین بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070501064751/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/buchanan Essay on James Buchanan and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateParks/FindAPark/BuchanansBirthplaceStatePark/Pages/default.aspx Buchanan's Birthplace State Park, Franklin County, Pennsylvania] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?125214-1/life-portrait-james-buchanan "Life Portrait of James Buchanan"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', June 21, 1999 '''Primary sources''' * {{Gutenberg author|id=1648}} * {{Librivox author|id=11288}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=James Buchanan}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Buchanan-James James Buchanan Ill with Dysentery Before Inauguration: Original Letters] Shapell Manuscript Foundation * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050308114924/http://kdl.kyvl.org/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=kyetexts ''Mr. Buchanans Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion''. President Buchanans memoirs.] * [http://www.usa-presidents.info/inaugural/buchanan.html Inaugural Address] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809152928/https://www.usa-presidents.info/inaugural/buchanan.html |date=2020-08-09 }} * [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29501 Fourth Annual Message to Congress, December 3, 1860] {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[Jacob Hibshman]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania|House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district]]<br />{{Small|Seat 1}}|years=1821–1823}} {{S-aft|after=[[Daniel H. Miller]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[James S. Mitchell]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania|House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district]]<br />{{Small|Seat 1}}|years=1823–1831}} {{S-aft|after=[[William Muhlenberg Hiester]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[فیلیپ پندلتون باربور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee]]|years=1829–1831}} {{S-aft|after=[[وارن آر. داویس]]}} {{S-dip}} {{S-bef|before=[[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Ambassador to Russia|United States Minister to Russia]]|years=1832–1833}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام ویلکینز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جوزف رید اینجرزول]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom|United States Minister to the United Kingdom]]|years=1853–1856}} {{S-aft|after=[[جورج ام. دالاس]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام ویلکینز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania|United States Senator (Class 3) from Pennsylvania]]|years=1834–1845|alongside=[[ساموئل مک‌کین]], [[دانیل استورجن]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[سایمون کامرون]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان سی. کلهون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Secretary of State]]|years=1845–1849}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان ام. کلیتون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[فرانکلین پیرس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1857–1861}} {{S-aft|after=[[آبراهام لینکلون]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[فرانکلین پیرس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1856 United States presidential election|1856]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[استیون ای. داقلاس]]¹|after2=[[جان سی. برکینریج]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[مارتین ون بورن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1862–1868}} {{S-aft|after=[[میلارد فیلمور]]}} {{s-ref|The Democratic Party split in [[1860 United States presidential election|1860]], producing two presidential candidates. Douglas was nominated by Northern Democrats; Breckinridge was nominated by Southern Democrats.}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to James Buchanan |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{USDemPresNominees}} {{USSecState}} {{USSenPA}} {{Polk cabinet}} {{Buchanan cabinet}} {{US Ambassadors to the UK}} {{US Ambassadors to Russia}} {{SenForeignRelationsCommitteeChairmen}} {{US House Judiciary chairs}} {{1844 United States presidential election}} {{1848 United States presidential election}} {{1852 United States presidential election}} {{1856 United States presidential election}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|American Civil War|United States|Politics|Latter-day Saints|Pennsylvania|Law}} {{Authority control}} {{کیمسه-قارالاما}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buchanan, James}} [[بؤلمه:۱۷۹۱-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۶۸-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینین روسیه‌ده‌کی سفیرلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینین بریتانیاداکی سفیرلری]] [[بؤلمه:پنسیلوانیا دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:لنکستر، پنسیلوانیا سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:پنسیلوانیا سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:لنکستر، پنسیلوانیا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] q8tg2hu5ugdrrkeadphzxrvzdkn3vdj 0 19160 1590633 1554297 2026-07-15T06:52:19Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|17th president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder |image = Andrew Johnson photo portrait head and shoulders, c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg |alt = Monochrome photograph of the upper body of Andrew Johnson |order = 17th |office = President of the United States |term_start = April 15, 1865 |term_end = March 4, 1869 |predecessor = [[آبراهام لینکلون]] |successor = [[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]] |vicepresident = ''None''{{Efn|Johnson was vice president under [[آبراهام لینکلون]] and became president on April 15, 1865 after [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln's death]]. A vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next election prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967.}} |office2 = 16th [[Vice President of the United States]] |president2 = Abraham Lincoln |term_start2 = March 4, 1865 |term_end2 = April 15, 1865 |predecessor2 = [[هانیبال هملین]] |successor2 = [[اسکایلر کولفکس]] |office6 = [[List of Governors of Tennessee|15th Governor of Tennessee]] |term_start6 = October 17, 1853 |term_end6 = November 3, 1857 |predecessor6 = [[ویلیام بی. کامپبل]] |successor6 = [[ایشام جی. هریس]] |office5 = [[Military Governor of Tennessee]] |appointer5 = Abraham Lincoln |term_start5 = March 12, 1862 |term_end5 = March 4, 1865 |predecessor5 = Isham G. Harris<br />(''Governor of Tennessee'') |successor5 = [[ویلیام جی. براونلو]]<br />(''Governor of Tennessee'') |jr/sr3 = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] |state3 = [[تنسی ایالتی]] |term_start3 = March 4, 1875 |term_end3 = July 31, 1875 |predecessor3 = William Gannaway Brownlow |successor3 = [[دیوید ام. کی]] |term_start4 = October 8, 1857 |term_end4 = March 4, 1862 |predecessor4 = [[جیمز سی. جونز]] |successor4 = [[دیوید تی. پترسون]] |state7 = [[تنسی ایالتی]] |district7 = 1st |term_start7 = March 4, 1843 |term_end7 = March 3, 1853 |predecessor7 = [[Thomas Dickens Arnold]] |successor7 = [[بروکینز کامپبل]] |office8 = Mayor of [[قرینویل، تنسی]] |term_start8 = 1834 |term_end8 = 1835 |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1808|12|29}} |birth_place = [[رالی، قوزئی کارولینا]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1875|7|31|1808|12|29}} |death_place = [[ایلیزابت‌تون، تنسی]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Stroke]] |restingplace = [[Andrew Johnson National Cemetery]]<br />Greeneville, Tennessee |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] ({{Circa}}1839–1864; 1868–1875) |otherparty = [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] (1864–1868) |parents = {{Plainlist| * [[Jacob Johnson (father of Andrew Johnson)|Jacob Johnson]] * Mary McDonough}} |spouse = {{Marriage|[[Eliza McCardle Johnson|Eliza McCardle]]|May 17, 1827}} |children = 5 |profession = Tailor |signature = Andrew Johnson Signature.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |branch = {{Army|United States}} |serviceyears = 1862–1865 |rank = Brigadier General |battles = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]] }} ''' اندرو جانسون''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :Andrew johnson (دوغوم:۱۸۰۸،اؤلوم:۱۸۷۵) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۷اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۶۵دن۱۸۶۹ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. == نوتلار == {{Notelist}} == قایناقلار == === Citations === {{قایناق|20em}} === Sources === {{Refbegin}} * {{cite journal | doi = 10.2307/1854452| last = Beale | first = Howard K. | author-link = Howard K. Beale | date = July 1940 | title = On rewriting Reconstruction history | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1940-07_45_4/page/807| journal = American Historical Review | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 807–827 |jstor = 1854452 | ref = {{SfnRef|Beale}} }} * Benedict, Michael Les. ''The impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson'' (1973) [https://archive.org/details/impeachmenttrial00bene online] * {{cite book | last = Castel | first = Albert E. | title = The Presidency of Andrew Johnson | series = American Presidency | year = 1979 | isbn = 978-0-7006-0190-5 | publisher = The Regents Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, Kan. |url = https://archive.org/details/presidencyofandr00albe | ref = {{SfnRef|Castel}} }} * {{cite book | last=Castel | first=Albert E. | editor-last=Graff | editor-first=Henry | chapter=Andrew Johnson | title=The Presidents: A Reference History | url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse_d5m4 | edition=7th | year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse_d5m4/page/225 225]–239 | isbn=978-0-684-80551-1 | ref=harv }} * {{cite web | title = Samuel Milligan | author = Federal Judiciary Center | work = Biographical Dictionary of Federal Judges | url = http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3271&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na | ref = {{SfnRef|Federal Judiciary Center}} }} * {{cite book | last = Fitzgerald | first = Michael W. | title = Splendid Failure: Postwar Reconstruction in the American South | url = https://archive.org/details/splendidfailurep0000fitz | series = American Ways | year = 2007 | edition = paperback | isbn = 978-1-56663-739-8 | publisher = Ivan R. Dee | location = Chicago | ref = {{SfnRef|Fitzgerald}} }} * {{cite book | last = Foner | first = Eric | title = Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution | authorlink = Eric Foner | year = 2002 | origyear = 1988 | edition = 0-06-093716-5 | publisher = HarperCollins | location = New York | ref = {{SfnRef|Foner}}}} * {{cite news | last=Foner | first = Eric | authorlink = Eric Foner | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/01/AR2006120101509.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=He's The Worst Ever | ref = {{SfnRef|Foner column}} | date=December 3, 2006}} * {{cite book | last = Gordon-Reed | first = Annette | authorlink = Annette Gordon-Reed | title = Andrew Johnson | url = https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnson0000gord | year = 2011 | series = The American Presidents Series | isbn = 978-0-8050-6948-8 | publisher = Henry Holt and Company | location = New York | ref = {{SfnRef|Gordon-Reed}} }} * {{cite news | last = Lafantasie | first = Glenn | date = February 21, 2011 | url = http://www.salon.com/2011/02/21/worst_president_buchanan/ | title = Who's the worst president of them all? | work = [[Salon.com]] | ref = {{SfnRef|Lafantasie}} }} * McKitrick, Eric L. ''Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction'' (1960) [https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnsonrec00mcki online] * {{cite book | last = Rhodes | first = James Ford | author-link = James Ford Rhodes | title = History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst08rhodgoog | year=1904 | publisher= The Macmillan Company | location = New York | ref = {{SfnRef|Rhodes}} }} [https://archive.org/details/historyofuniteds05rho1906 vol 5 1864–66 online] and [https://archive.org/details/historyofuniteds06rhod vol 6 1866–72 online] * {{cite book | last1 = Schroeder-Lein | first = Glenna R. | last2 = Zuczuk | first2 = Richard | year = 2001 | title = Andrew Johnson: A Biographical Companion | url = https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnsonbio0000schr | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, Cal. | isbn = 978-1-57607-030-7 | ref = harv}} * Sefton, James E. ''Andrew Johnson and the uses of constitutional power'' (1980) [https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnsonus00seft online] * {{cite book | last=Stewart | first = David O. | title = Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781416547495 | year= 2009 | isbn= 978-1-4165-4749-5 | publisher= Simon and Schuster | location = New York | ref = {{SfnRef|Stewart}} }} * Swanson, Ryan A., "Andrew Johnson and His Governors: An Examination of Failed Reconstruction Leadership," ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' (2012), 71#1 pp 16–45. * {{cite news | last = Tolson | first = Jay | url = https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070216/16president.johnson.htm | title = The 10 Worst Presidents: No. 3 Andrew Johnson (1865–1869) | periodical = U.S. News & World Report | date = February 16, 2007 | ref = {{SfnRef|Tolson}} }} * {{cite book | last=Trefousse | first=Hans L. | title=Andrew Johnson: A Biography | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-393-31742-8 | publisher=W.W. Norton & Company | location=New York | ref={{SfnRef|Trefousse}} | url=https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnson00hans }} ; Primary sources * {{cite book | last = Johnson | first1 = Andrew | last2 = Moore | first2 = Frank | authorlink = Andrew Johnson | title = Speeches of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States | year = 1865 | url = https://archive.org/details/johnsonjohnson00andrrich | publisher = Little, Brown, and Company | location = Boston | ref = {{SfnRef|Johnson}} }} {{Refend}} == آرتیق اوخو == {{Main list|Bibliography of Andrew Johnson}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/andrewjohnson White House biography] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|J000116}} * [http://www.nps.gov/anjo/index.htm Andrew Johnson National Historic Site] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/ajohnson/ Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide] – [[Library of Congress]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140526020140/http://millercenter.org/index.php/academic/americanpresident/johnson Essays on Andrew Johnson and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady], from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?150104-1/life-portrait-andrew-johnson "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', July 9, 1999 * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#johnson Text of a number of Johnson's speeches] at the Miller Center of Public Affairs * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Johnson-Andrew Andrew Johnson Personal Manuscripts and Letters] – [[Shapell Manuscript Foundation]] * [https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/impeachment/index.html Resolutions of Impeachment] from the National Archives * [http://cdm15138.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/johnson Tennessee State Library and Archives/Tennessee Virtual Archive/Andrew Johnson Collection/Andrew Johnson Bicentennial, 1808–2008] * {{Gutenberg author|id=1650}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[Thomas Dickens Arnold]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Tennessee's 1st congressional district]]|years=1843–1853}} {{S-aft|after=[[بروکینز کامپبل]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام تروسدال]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1853, 1855}} {{S-aft|after=[[ایشام جی. هریس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[هانیبال هملین]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States¹|years=[[1864 United States presidential election|1864]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[اسکایلر کولفکس]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام بی. کامپبل]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1853–1857}} {{S-aft|after=[[ایشام جی. هریس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ایشام جی. هریس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1862–1865}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوارد ایچ. ایست]]<br />{{Small|Acting}}}} {{S-bef|before=[[هانیبال هملین]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1865}} {{S-aft|after=[[اسکایلر کولفکس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[آبراهام لینکلون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1865–1869}} {{S-aft|after=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[جیمز سی. جونز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee]]|years=1857–1862|alongside=[[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]], [[آلفرد او.پی. نیکلسون]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[دیوید تی. پترسون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام جی. براونلو]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee]]|years=1875|alongside=[[Henry Cooper (U.S. Senator)|Henry Cooper]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[دیوید ام. کی]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[میلارد فیلمور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1874–1875}} {{S-aft|after=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ref|Lincoln and Johnson ran on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket in 1864.}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Andrew Johnson |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{Governors of Tennessee}} {{USSenTN}} {{USRepVicePresNominees}} {{Historical anti-slavery parties (U.S.)}} {{Andrew Johnson cabinet}} {{Reconstruction Era}} {{United States presidential election, 1860}} {{United States presidential election, 1864}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Biography|American Civil War|United States|Politics}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۰۸-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۷۵-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:قرینویل، تنسی دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:رالی، قوزئی کارولینا سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:تنسی دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:تنسی سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:لرنز، گونئی کارولینا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] kgiw0mhnyt6ad4cpyatu6ihrsfxbldj 0 19161 1590664 1590462 2026-07-15T08:02:57Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |image = Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg |office = 18th [[President of the United States]] |vicepresident = {{Unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[اسکایلر کولفکس]] (1869–1873)}}|[[هنری ویلسون]] (1873–1875)|''None'' (1875–1877){{Efn|Vice President Wilson died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}}} |term_start = March 4, 1869 |term_end = March 4, 1877 |predecessor = [[اندرو جانسون]] |successor = [[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]] |office1 = 6th [[Commanding General of the United States Army|Commanding General of the U.S. Army]] |president1 = {{Plainlist| * [[آبراهام لینکلون]] * [[اندرو جانسون]]}} |term_start1 = March 9, 1864 |term_end1 = March 4, 1869 |predecessor1 = [[Henry W. Halleck]] |successor1 = [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] |office2 = Acting [[United States Secretary of War]] |president2 = [[اندرو جانسون]] |term_start2 = August 12, 1867 |term_end2 = January 14, 1868 |predecessor2 = [[ادوین استانتون]] |successor2 = Edwin Stanton |birth_name = Hiram Ulysses Grant |nickname= Sam |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1822|4|27}} |birth_place = [[Point Pleasant, Ohio]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1885|7|23|1822|4|27}} |death_place = [[ویلتون، نیویورک]], U.S. |death_cause = [[Throat cancer]] |restingplace = [[Grant's Tomb]], New York City |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] |parents = {{Plainlist| * [[Jesse Root Grant]] * [[Hannah Simpson Grant]]}} |spouse = {{Marriage|[[Julia Grant|Julia Dent]]|August 22, 1848}} |children = {{دوز لیست|*[[فردریک دنت قرانت]] * [[Ulysses S. Grant Jr.|Ulysses Jr.]] * [[Nellie Grant|Nellie]] * [[جسی روت قرانت (سیاستچی)]]}} |education = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) |signature = UlyssesSGrantSignature.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |branch = {{Army|United States}} ([[Union Army]]) |serviceyears = {{Plainlist| * 1839–1854 * 1861–1869}} |rank = [[File:US Army General insignia (1866).svg|40px]] [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] |commands ={{Plainlist| * Company F, [[4th Infantry Regiment (United States)|4th Infantry]] * [[21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment|21st Illinois Infantry Regiment]] * District of Southeast Missouri * District of Cairo * [[Army of the Tennessee]] * [[Military Division of the Mississippi|Division of the Mississippi]] * [[United States Army]]}} |battles = {{Plainlist| * [[مکزیک-آمریکا ساواشی]] * [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]]}} }} [[فایل:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|بندانگشتی|یولیسیز سایمن گرانت]] ''' یولیسیز سایمن قرانت''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :Ulysses S.Grant (دوغوم:۱۸۲۲،اؤلوم:۱۸۸۵) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۸اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۶۹دن۱۸۷۷ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو}} {{Notelist}} {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو سوْنو}} ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== {{اساس|Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant}} {{Refbegin}} '''Biographical''' * {{cite journal |last= Anbinder |first=Tyler |title= Ulysses S. Grant, Nativist |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_civil-war-history_1997-06_43_2/page/119 |journal= Civil War History |volume= 43 |issue=2 |date = June 1997 |pages= 119–41 |ref=harv|doi=10.1353/cwh.1997.0086 }} * {{cite book |last=Badeau |first=Adam |authorlink=Adam Badeau |url=https://books.google.com/?id=aG1LAAAAYAAJ |title=Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mount McGregor |publisher=D. Appleton |location=New York |year=1887 |oclc=558211659 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Brands |first=H. W. |authorlink=H.W. Brands|title=The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-385-53241-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/manwhosavedunion0000bran |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Calhoun |first=Charles W. |title=The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant |authorlink=Charles W. Calhoun |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-7006-2484-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWXdswEACAAJ |ref=harv}} scholarly review and response by Calhoun at {{Doi|10.14296/RiH/2014/2270}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Edwina S. |title=Citizen of a Wider Commonwealth: Ulysses S. Grant's Postpresidential Diplomacy |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location= Illinois |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8093-3478-0 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=aZS-CwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Chernow |first=Ron |authorlink=Ron Chernow |title=Grant |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-59420-487-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRYcDgAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Louis |year=1917 |title=Ulysses S. Grant |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |location=Boston & New York |url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgrant00morsgoog|ref=harv}}; scholarly review at {{Doi|10.14296/RiH/2014/2270}} * {{cite journal| last=Dorsett |first=Lyle W. |title=The Problem of Ulysses S. Grant's Drinking During the Civil War |journal=Hayes Historical Journal |volume=4 |issue=2 |year=1983 |pages=37–49 |url=http://www.rbhayes.org/research/hayes-historical-journal-the-problem-of-ulysses-s.-grant/ |ref=harv}} * {{cite web|title=Election of 1872|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1872|publisher=American Presidency Project ™|ref={{SfnRef|Election of 1872}}|access-date=June 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811070310/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1872#|archive-date=August 11, 2011|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book |last=Hesseltine |first=William B. |authorlink=William B. Hesseltine |title=Ulysses S. Grant: Politician |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4wGAQAAIAAJ |location=New York City |publisher=F. Ungar Pub. Co. |year=1957 |origyear=1935 |isbn= 1-931313-85-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Howland |first=Edward |title=Grant as a soldier and Statesmen |authorlink= |publisher=J. B. Burr & Co. |year=1868 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/grantassoldierst00howl/page/n8 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Kahan|first=Paul|title=The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy|publisher=Westholme Publishing, LLC |location=Yardley, PA|date=2018 |ref=harv |isbn=978-1-59416-273-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1BvgAACAAJ }} * {{cite book |last=Longacre |first=Edward G. |title=General Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and the Man |publisher=First Da Capo Press |location=Cambridge, MA |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-306-81636-9|url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgrant00edwa |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} [https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgrant00edwa online free] * {{cite book |title=Grant's Last Battle: The Story Behind the Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant |last1=Mackowski |first1=Chris |last2=White |first2=Kristopher D.|publisher=Savas Beatie LLC|location=[[الدورادو هیلز، کالیفورنیا]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-61121-160-3 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=_5VICgAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=McFeely |first=William S. |editor=[[سی. وان وودوارد]] |authorlink=William S. McFeely |title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct |publisher=Delacorte Press |location=New York City |pages=[https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood/page/133 133]–162 |year=1974 |isbn=0-440-05923-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=McFeely |first=William S. |authormask=2 |title=Grant: A Biography |publisher= Norton |year=1981 |isbn= 0-393-01372-3 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=GdpmKTM5zTwC |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Nevins|first=Allan |authormask= |title=Dictionary of American Biography Bristow, Benjamin Helm|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|location=New York |year=1929 |pages=55–56|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Patrick |first=Rembert W. |title=The Reconstruction of the Nation |authorlink=Rembert W. Patrick |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |year=1968 |isbn=0-19-501016-7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ph1SAQAAIAAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite encyclopedia |ref={{SfnRef|Paxson & Bach 1931}} |year=1931 |title =Ulysses S. Grant |encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of American Biography]] |last1=Paxson |first1=Frederic Logan |last2=Bach |first2=Christian A. |volume=VII |pages=492–501 |publisher=C. Scribner's Sons |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofamer07ilamer#page/492/mode/2up}} * {{cite book |last=Perry |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Perry (author) |title=Grant and Twain: The Story of a Friendship That Changed America|publisher=Random House |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=0-679-64273-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/granttwainstoryo00perr |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Pletcher |first=David M. |title=The Diplomacy of Trade and Investment: American Economic Expansion in the Hemisphere, 1865–1900 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |location=Columbia |year=1998 |isbn=0-8262-1127-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/diplomacyoftrade00plet |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last1=Poore|first1=Benjamin Perley|last2=Tiffany|first2=O. H.|title=Life of U.S. Grant|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3V8fAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Life+of+U.S.+Grant+1885#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Edgewood Publishing Company|date=1885|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Pritchard |first=James A. |title=Preserving Yellowstone's Natural Conditions: Science and the Perception of Nature |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=[[لینکلن، نبراسکا]] |year=1999 |isbn=0-8032-3722-7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=YRKmm03VznYC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Richter |first=William L. |title=Historical Dictionary of the Civil War and Reconstruction |publisher=The Scarecrow Press, Inc. |location=Lanham, MD|edition=2 |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-8108-7817-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iImvlOwSAssC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Schmiel|first=Eugene D.|title=Citizen-General: Jacob Dolson Cox and the Civil War Era|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens|year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=sHjkAgAAQBAJ |ref=harv|isbn=978-0-8214-2082-9}} * {{cite book|last=Shevitz|first=Amy Hill|title=Antisemitism A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution|chapter=General Orders No. 11 (1862)|editor=Richard S. Levy|page=256|publisher=ABC CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|year=2005|volume=1|ref=harv}} * {{cite web |first=John Y. |last=Simon |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 01: 1837–1861 |editor=John Y. Simon |year=1967 |volume=2 |authormask=2 |url=https://msstate.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/USG_volume/id/15374 |location=Mississippi State University Libraries (electronic) |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |ref=harv |access-date=2020-05-20 |archive-date=2019-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718172634/https://msstate.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/USG_volume/id/15374 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-20 |archivedate=2019-07-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718172634/https://msstate.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/USG_volume/id/15374 }} * {{cite web |first=John Y. |last=Simon |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Volume 02: April–September 1861 |year=1969 |volume=2 |authormask=2 |url=http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/USG_volume/id/16321/rec/2 |location=Mississippi |publisher= |ref=harv |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408034144/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/USG_volume/id/16321/rec/2 |archive-date=April 8, 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-20 |archivedate=2016-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408034144/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/USG_volume/id/16321/rec/2 }} * {{cite book |last=Simon |first=John Y. |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant: October 1, 1867 – June 30, 1868 |authormask=2 |publisher=SIU Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-8093-1693-9 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=96j0SSb1c8wC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Simon |first=John Y. |authormask=2 |chapter=Ulysses S. Grant |editor-last=Graff |editor-first=Henry |title=The Presidents: A Reference History |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse_d5m4 |edition=7th |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse_d5m4/page/245 245]–260 |isbn=0-684-80551-0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Brooks D. |authorlink=Brooks D. Simpson |title=Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822–1865 |url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssessgranttri00simp |url-access=registration |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston, MA|year=2014 |orig-year=2000 |isbn=978-0-395-65994-6 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward | authorlink=Jean Edward Smith|title=Grant |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York|year=2001 |isbn=0-684-84927-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/grant00smit |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Sproat|first=John G. |editor=[[سی. وان وودوارد]] |title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct |publisher=Delacorte Press |location=New York City |pages=163–176 |year=1974 |isbn=0-440-05923-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Taylor |first=M. Scott |title=Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=101 |issue=7 |date=December 2011 |pages=3162–3195 |jstor=41408734 |ref=harv|doi=10.1257/aer.101.7.3162 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w12969.pdf }} * {{cite journal |last=Waltmann |first=Henry G. |title=Circumstantial Reformer: President Grant & the Indian Problem |journal=Arizona and the West |volume=13 |issue=4 |date=Winter 1971 |pages=323–342 |jstor=40168089 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Wang |first=Xi |title=The Trial of Democracy: Black Suffrage and Northern Republicans, 1860–1910|publisher=The University of Georgia Press|location=Athens|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8203-4206-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Rn8AAAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last= Ward |first= Geoffrey C. |authorlink= Geoffrey C. Ward |title= A Disposition to Be Rich: How a Small-Town Pastor's Son Ruined an American President, Brought on a Wall Street Crash, and Made Himself the Best-Hated Man in the United States |date= 2012 |publisher= Knopf |isbn= 978-0-679-44530-2 |location= New York |ref= harv |url= https://archive.org/details/dispositiontober0000ward }} * {{cite book |last=Waugh |first=Joan |title=U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |year=2009 |authorlink=Joan Waugh |isbn=978-0-8078-3317-9 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=AnH6-AlKACUC |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Allen | authorlink=Allen Weinstein |title=Was There a 'Crime of 1873'?: The Case of the Demonetized Dollar |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1967-09_54_2/page/307 |journal=Journal of American History |year=1967 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=307–326 |jstor=1894808 |ref=harv|doi=10.2307/1894808 }} * {{cite book |title=American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant |last=White |first=Ronald C. |authorlink = Ronald C. White|publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-58836-992-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=TPNRCwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Woodward |first=C. Vann |authorlink=C. Vann Woodward |title=The Lowest Ebb |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/content/lowest-ebb |journal=American Heritage |volume = 8 |number = 3 |date=April 1957 |pages= 53–108 |issn=0002-8738 |ref=harv }} * {{cite web |title=5-cent Grant |first=Alexander T. |last=Haimann |publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum |url=http://arago.si.edu/category_2032675.html |year=2006 |accessdate=November 14, 2016 |ref=harv }}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2007/898/ifdp898.htm |title=Three Great American Disinflations: 1. introduction |publisher=U.S. Federal Reserve Board |accessdate=December 17, 2016 |ref=Federal Reserve}} * {{cite news|author=|title=Today's historians have a higher opinion of Ulysses S. Grant|url=https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21729978-though-his-presidency-was-famous-corruption-his-personal-integrity-and|work=[[The Economist]]|date=October 5, 2017 |ref=opinion}} '''Military & Politics''' * {{cite book |last=Barney |first=William L. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Civil War |publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc |location=Oxford |year=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=5b4qd_NKXicC |ref=harv |isbn=978-0-19-978201-7}} * {{cite journal|last=Bell|first=Robert A.|title=The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and the Sioux: Is the United States Honoring the Agreements it Made?|journal=Indigenous Policy Journal|volume= XXVIII|number=3|date=2018 |url=https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=42&page=transcript |ref=harv}} * {{cite website|last=Blakemore|first=Erin|title=During the Civil War, Gen. Ulysses Grant Began Expelling Southern Jews—Until Lincoln Stepped In |url=https://www.history.com/news/ulysses-grant-expulsion-jews-civil-war|date=July 23, 2019|website=History.com|ref=harv|access-date=January 1, 2020}} * {{cite book |last1=Burdekin |first1=Richard C.K.|last2=Siklos|first2=Pierre L.|title=Routledge Handbook of Major Events in Economic History|chapter=Gold Resumption and the Deflation of the 1870s|editor=Randall E. Parker |editor2=Robert M. Whaples|publisher=Routledge|location=New York City|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-67703-5 |ssrn=2030878 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203067871/chapters/10.4324/9780203067871-12 |ref=harv|doi=10.4324/9780203067871}} * {{cite book |last=Bonekemper |first=Edward H. |title=Grant and Lee |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Regnery History |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-62157-010-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKZmLgEACAAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authorlink=Bruce Catton |title=This Hallowed Ground: A History of the Civil War|publisher=Vintage Books |year=1998 |location=New York|isbn=978-0-307-94708-6 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=UvbL0ctV9h0C |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authorlink=Bruce Catton |authormask=2 |title=The Civil War |publisher=American Heritage |location=New York |year=1960 |isbn=0-618-00187-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=lSOwSO5l5OUC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authormask=2 |title=Terrible Swift Sword |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday|year=1963 |oclc=7474086 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NthXAAAAYAAJ |ref=harv|isbn=978-1-84212-293-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Catton |first=Bruce |authormask=2 |title=Grant Takes Command |location=Boston |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2015 |orig-year=1968 |isbn=978-0-316-13210-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/granttakescomman00bruc_0 |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Coffey |first=David |title=The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=[[سنتا باربارا، کالیفورنیا]]|editor=[[Spencer C. Tucker]] |volume=1 |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-85109-697-8|ref=harv}} * {{cite web |last=Cullum |first=George W. |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy |url=https://books.google.com/?id=rB1XAAAAcAAJ&vq=brevet |publisher=Houghton Mifflin And Company |location=[[بوستون]] |year=1850 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authormask=2|title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy |url=https://books.google.com/?id=f384AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22july+1%22#v=onepage&q=%22july%201%22&f=false |volume=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin And Company |location=[[بوستون]] |year=1891 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=DiNunzio |first=Mario R. |title=Lyman Trumbull, the States' Rights Issue, and the Liberal Republican Revolt |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-illinois-state-historical-society_winter-1973_66_4/page/364 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |date=Winter 1973 |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=364–375 |jstor=40190731 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Donovan |first=James |title=A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn – The Last Great Battle of the American West |publisher=Little, Brown |location=Boston |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-316-06747-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316155786 |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Farina |first=William |title=Ulysses S. Grant, 1861–1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness |url=https://books.google.com/?id=LiXipzGjMxsC |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Co |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7864-2977-6 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Flood |first=Charles Bracelen |title= Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=New York|isbn=0-06-114871-7 |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf3al_EYEPkC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Foner |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Foner |title=Reconstruction America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877 Updated Version |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=New York |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-06-235451-8 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=FhvA0S_op38C |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Franklin |first=John Hope |title=The Enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 |publisher=Prologue |year=1974 |url=http://studylib.net/doc/8205613/the-enforcement-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1875 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Donald L. |title=Vicksburg: Grant's Campaign That Broke the Confederacy |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4516-4137-0 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=wxyzDwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |title=U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=United States Naval Institute |location=Annapolis, MD |year=1985 |isbn=0-87021-715-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y41Ha_3HsrYC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Goethals |first=George R. |title=Presidential Leadership and African Americans |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-138-81424-0 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=aPyTBwAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Groom |first=Winston |title=Shiloh 1862 |publisher=National Geographic Society |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=7_9IKUH3OXgC|isbn=978-1-4262-0879-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Lloyd |title=Captain Sam Grant |location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown |year=1950 |isbn=0-316-52348-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/captainsamgrant00lewi_0 |url-access=registration |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Kaczorowski |first=Robert J. |title=Federal Enforcement of Civil Rights During the First Reconstruction |url=http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1591&context=ulj |year=1995 |journal=Fordham Urban Law Journal |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=155–186 |issn=2163-5978 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Kohn |first=George C. |title=The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal |publisher=Facts on File, Inc. |location=New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-8160-4420-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=uzdWTBytwAIC |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=McCormick |first=Robert R. |title=Ulysses S. Grant The Great Soldier of America |url=https://archive.org/stream/ulyssessgrantthe017981mbp#page/n7/mode/2up |publisher=D. Appleton-Century Company Incorporated |location=New York |date=1934 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Nevins |first=Allan |authorlink=Allan Nevins |title=Hamilton Fish: The Inner History of the Grant Administration |location=New York |publisher=Dodd, Mead |year=1936 |volume=2 |asin=B00085BDXU |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Wvl2AAAAMAAJ |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Porter |first=Lorle |title=Politics & Peril: Mount Vernon, Ohio in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/?id=MBS-WO5oYiQC |location=Zanesville, OH|publisher=New Concord Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-887932-25-9 |ref=harv }} * {{cite journal |title=The Oral Tumours of two American Presidents: What If They Were Alive Today?|last1=Renehan |first1=A |last2=Lowry |first2=J C |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|date=July 1995 |volume=88|issue=7|pmc=1295266|pmid=7562805|pages=377–383|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Sarna |first=Jonathan D. |authorlink=Jonathan Sarna |title=When General Grant Expelled the Jews |publisher=Schocken Books |location=New York |year=2012a |isbn=978-0-8052-4279-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0GLlNrxhlQC |ref=harv}} * {{cite magazine |last=Sarna |first=Jonathan D. |authormask=2 |title=When Gen. Grant Expelled the Jews |magazine=Slate |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2012/03/ulysses_s_grant_and_general_orders_no_11_how_the_infamous_order_changed_the_lives_of_jews_in_america_.html |date=March 13, 2012b |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Scher |first=Richard K. |title=Politics in the New South: Republicanism, Race and Leadership in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8KlDQAAQBAJ |year=2015 |orig-year=1997 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-56324-848-1 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Simon |first=John Y. |authorlink=John Y. Simon |year=1965 |title=From Galena to Appomattox: Grant and Washburne |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-illinois-state-historical-society_summer-1965_58_2/page/165 |jstor=i40006018 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=58 |number=2|pages=165–189 |doi= |ref=harv}} * {{cite book| title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History |editor=[[Spencer C. Tucker|Tucker, Spencer C.]] |volume=1 |year=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[سنتا باربارا، کالیفورنیا]] |isbn=978-1-85109-853-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVQcZpic-8C&vq=brevet |ref={{SfnRef|Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War 2013}}}} * {{cite book|last=Venable|first=Shannon |title=Gold: A Cultural Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBGzEK4laJ0C&pg=PA66 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |ref=harv |isbn=978-0-313-38430-1}} * {{cite book| last=Wheelan |first=Joseph |title=Bloody Spring: Forty Days that Sealed the Confederacy's Fate |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=[[بوستون]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-306-82206-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOFzAgAAQBAJ |ref=harv}} '''Primary sources''' * {{cite book |last=Grant |first=Ulysses S. |url=http://www.bartleby.com/1011/ |title=Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant|publisher=C.L. Webster & Co. |year=1885 |ref=harv}} – Many editions in paper and online; ends in 1865 * {{cite web |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant |url=http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/USG_volume |year=1967–2009 |editor-last=Simon |editor-first=John Y. |publisher=Mississippi State University |access-date=April 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013080137/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/USG_volume# |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-05-20 |archivedate=2016-10-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013080137/http://digital.library.msstate.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/USG_volume }} * {{cite web|last1=Peters|first1=Gerhard|last2=Woolley|first2=John T.|title=1868 Democratic Party Platform|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29579|publisher=The American Presidency Project|year=2018b|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-05-20|archivedate=2015-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803193830/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29579}} * {{cite web|last1=Peters|first1=Gerhard|last2=Woolley|first2=John T.|title=Republican Party Platform of 1868|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29622|publisher=The American Presidency Project|year=2018a|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-05-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222104901/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29622}} * {{cite book |authorlink=John Russell Young |last=Young |first=John Russell |year=1879a |publisher=The American News Company|location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/aroundworldwith01youngoog |title=Around the World with General Grant, Vol. I |ref=harv}} * {{cite newspaper|title=Gen. Grant and the Jews.|newspaper=New York Times|date=January 18, 1863|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/18/archives/gen-grant-and-the-jews.html|ref={{SfnRef|New York Times (01-18-1863)}}}} '''Historiography''' * {{cite journal |last=Bonekemper |first=Edward H. |title=The Butcher's Bill: Ulysses S. Grant Is Often Referred to as a 'Butcher,' But Does Robert E. Lee Actually Deserve That Title? |journal=Civil War Times |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=36–43 |oclc=67618265 |date=April 2011 |ref=harv |url=https://www.historynet.com/the-butchers-bill.htm}} * {{cite book|last=Diller|first=Daniel C.|title=Guide to the Presidency|editor=Michael Nelson|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|year=1996|isbn=1-56802-018-X|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oa_lCAAAQBAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Ferraro|first=William M.. |title=Old and New Views of Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and The Man|journal=Journal of Military History|volume=83|issue=1 |pages=195–212|date=January 2019|ref=harv}} * {{cite news |date=November 2, 2012 |title='The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses Grant in War and Peace' by H. W. Brands (book review) |first=Eric |last=Foner |url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-02/opinions/35505074_1_brands-historians-centuries-and-genres |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=Washington, DC|issn=0190-8286 |ref=harv |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110050417/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-02/opinions/35505074_1_brands-historians-centuries-and-genres |archivedate=November 10, 2013 }} * {{cite news|last=Foner|first=Eric|authormask=2|title=Why Reconstruction Matters|newspaper=New York Times Opinion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/opinion/sunday/why-reconstruction-matters.html|date=March 28, 2015a|ref=harv }} * {{cite news |last=Foner |first=Eric |authormask=3 |title=Ulysses S. Grant Died 130 Years Ago. Racists Hate Him, But Historians No Longer Do. |work=Huffington Post |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ulysses-s-grant-died-130-years-ago-today-racists-hated-him-but-historians-no-longer-do_us_55afe547e4b0a9b948535f6e |date=July 23, 2015b|ref=harv}} * {{cite magazine |last=Hunt |first=Linda Lawrence |title='American Ulysses' writer Ronald C. White explains why Grant is so often misunderstood |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2017/0727/American-Ulysses-writer-Ronald-C.-White-explains-why-Grant-is-so-often-misunderstood |magazine=The Christian Science Monitor |publisher=The Christian Science Monitor |location=[[بوستون]], [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] |date=July 27, 2017 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Mike |date=October 2015 |title=Grant's Drinking or... The Beast That Will Not Die |journal=Journal of Military History |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=1109–1119 |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Maslin |first=Janet |title=In Ron Chernow's 'Grant,' an American Giant's Makeover Continues|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/books/review-grant-biography-ron-chernow.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=October 13, 2017 |ref=maslin}} * {{cite web|last1=Osborne|first1=John M.|last2=Bombaro|first2=Christine|title=Forgotten Abolitionist: John A. J. Creswell of Maryland|url=http://scholar.dickinson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1387&context=faculty_publications|type=PDF|publisher=Dickinson College|location=Carlisle, PA|website=scholar.dickinson.edu|year=2015|ref=harv|accessdate=2020-05-20|archivedate=2017-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118051311/http://scholar.dickinson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1387&context=faculty_publications}} * {{cite book |last1=Price |first1=Kay |last2=Hendricks |first2=Marian |title=Galena |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=UisiV29nrSgC |publisher= Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=978-0-7385-5114-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal| last=Rafuse |first=Ethan S. |title=Still a Mystery? General Grant and the Historians, 1981–2006 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-military-history_2007-07_71_3/page/849 |journal=Journal of Military History |date=July 2007 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=849–874 |doi=10.1353/jmh.2007.0230 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last= Russell | first=Henry M. W. |title=The Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant: The Rhetoric of Judgment |journal= Virginia Quarterly Review |date=Spring 1990 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=189–209 |issn=0042-675X |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Stiles |first=T. J. |authorlink=T. J. Stiles |date=October 19, 2016 |title=Ulysses S. Grant: New Biography of 'A Nobody From Nowhere' |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/23/books/review/american-ulysses-ronald-c-white.html?_r=0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Edmund |title=Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War |year=1962 |isbn=0-393-31256-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPpkiosd5MgC|ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Zimmerman |first=Jonathan |title=Why should we pay our ex-presidents? |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-11-12/opinion/ct-oped-1112-pension-20101112_1_presidential-pension-government-pension-james-monroe |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=November 12, 2010 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |ref=harv |archivedate=2017-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203024/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-11-12/opinion/ct-oped-1112-pension-20101112_1_presidential-pension-government-pension-james-monroe }} * {{cite web | title = General Ulysses S. Grant Memorial, (sculpture)| work = Collections Search Center | publisher = Smithsonian Institution |date = 2014 | url = http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_ari_22185 |ref=memorial}} * {{cite web|title=The Brink of Extinction – and recovery |work=Bison Ecology |publisher=National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park |url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/bisoninfo.htm |accessdate=December 26, 2016 |ref=bison}} * {{cite web |title=Ulysses S. Grant Memorial |publisher=U.S. Government: Capitol Visiting Center |url=http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-grounds/ulysses-s-grant-memorial |accessdate=June 27, 2016 |ref=visit}} * {{cite book |last1=Killanin |first1= Baron Michael Morris |last2=Duignan |first2=Michael V. |year=1989 |title=The Shell Guide to Ireland |url=https://books.google.com/?id=B6cMAQAAMAAJ&dq=hannah+simpson+grant+Ballygawley+tyrone&q=%22hannah+simpson%22 |location=Park West, Dublin, Ireland |publisher=Gill and Macmillan |page=62 |isbn=978-0-7171-1595-2 |via=[[Google Books]] |ref={{SfnRef|Killanin, 1989, p. 62}}}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/fs/doc/new_range_of_ulster-scots_booklets/US_and_USA_Presidents_BK3_AW_6.pdf|title=Ulster-Scots and the United States Presidents|publisher=[[Ulster-Scots Agency]]|page=3 |accessdate=July 12, 2010 |ref={{SfnRef|Ulster-Scots and the US Presidents, p. 3}} }} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * [https://www.nps.gov/ulsg/index.htm Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site Missouri] – National Park Service * [http://www.usgrantlibrary.org/ Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820204345/http://www.usgrantlibrary.org/ |date=2015-08-20 }} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/grant/index.html Ulysses S. Grant: A Resource Guide] – [[Library of Congress]] ([https://www.loc.gov/collections/ulysses-s-grant-papers/about-this-collection/ COLLECTION: Ulysses S. Grant Papers]) * {{Gutenberg author| id=Grant,+Ulysses+S.+(Ulysses+Simpson)}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Ulysses Simpson Grant}} * {{Librivox author|id=296}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/?collection=18 Ulysses S. Grant Personal Manuscripts] * {{cite web|title=Grant|url=https://www.history.com/shows/grant|accessdate=May 15, 2020}} Three-Night Miniseries Event Premieres Memorial Day 05-25-2020 at 9/8c<br> '''TV-PG V''' ''Violent war scenes depicted.'' {{Ulysses S. Grant |state=collapsed}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list= {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{S-bef|before=[[Henry W. Halleck]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Commanding General of the United States Army]]|years=1864–1869}} {{S-aft|after=[[William Tecumseh Sherman]]}} {{S-break}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[ادوین استانتون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting [[United States Secretary of War]]|years=1867–1868}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوین استانتون]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[اندرو جانسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1869–1877}} {{S-aft|after=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[آبراهام لینکلون]]}} {{S-ttl|title={{Nowrap|[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[President of the United States]]}}|years=[[1868 United States presidential election|1868]], [[1872 United States presidential election|1872]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-npo|nra}} {{S-bef|before=[[E. L. Molineux]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of presidents of the National Rifle Association|President of the NRA]]|years=1883–1884}} {{S-aft|after=[[فیلیپ شرایدن]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Ulysses S. Grant |list= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Grant cabinet}} {{US Army Chiefs of Staff}} {{American Civil War |state=collapsed}} {{Reconstruction Era}} {{Hall of Fame for Great Americans}} {{United States presidential election, 1868}} {{United States presidential election, 1872}} {{United States presidential election, 1876}} {{United States presidential election, 1880}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|American Civil War|Ohio|Illinois|Politics|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:یولیسیز سایمن گرانت]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۲۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۵-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ایلینوی جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] po4yn0atl0vdmteyqtg7brljsdzuwl4 0 19163 1590728 1587903 2026-07-15T10:38:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg | alt = Garfield wears a double breasted suit and has a full beard and receding hairlineJgarfield.jpeg | office = 20th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = Chester A. Arthur | term_start = March 4, 1881 | term_end = September 19, 1881 | predecessor = [[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]] | successor = [[چستر آلن آرتور]] | state1 = [[اوهایو ایالتی]] | district1 = {{ushr|OH|19|19th}} | term_start1 = March 4, 1863 | term_end1 = November 8, 1880 | predecessor1 = [[آلبرت جی. ریدل]] | successor1 = [[عزرا بی. تایلور]] | module = {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Committee assignments |cont = yes |titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed = yes | office2 = Chair of the<br />[[United States House Committee on Appropriations|House Appropriations Committee]] | term_start2 = March 4, 1871 | term_end2 = March 4, 1875 | predecessor2 = [[هنری ال. داوز]] | successor2 = [[ساموئل جی. راندال]] | office3 = Chair of the<br />[[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]] | term_start3 = March 4, 1869 | term_end3 = March 4, 1871 | predecessor3 = [[تئودور ام. پومروی]] | successor3 = [[ساموئل هوپر]] | office4 = Chair of the<br />[[United States House Committee on Armed Services|House Military Affairs Committee]] | term_start4 = March 4, 1867 | term_end4 = March 4, 1869 | predecessor4 = [[روبرت سی. شنک]] | successor4 = [[جان ای. لوقان]]{{Collapsed infobox section end}} | birth_name = James Abram Garfield | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1831|11|19}} | birth_place = [[Moreland Hills, Ohio]], U.S. | death_date = {{Nowrap|{{death date and age|1881|09|19|1831|11|19}}}} | death_place = [[البرون، نیوجرسی]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Assassination of James A. Garfield|Assassination]] | restingplace = [[James A. Garfield Memorial]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Lucretia Garfield|Lucretia Rudolph]]|November 11, 1858}} | children = 7, including [[Harry Augustus Garfield|Hal]], [[جیمز رودولف قارفیلد]], and [[Abram Garfield|Abram]] | education = [[Hiram College]]<br />[[ویلیامز کالجی]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | signature = James Abram Garfield Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | branch = {{Army|United States}} | serviceyears = 1861–1863 | rank = [[File:Union Army major general rank insignia.svg|border|35px]] [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] | commands = [[42nd Ohio Infantry|42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry]]<br />20th Brigade, 6th Division, [[Army of the Ohio]] | battles = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Middle Creek]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Shiloh]]<br />{{•}}[[Siege of Corinth]]<br />{{•}}[[Tullahoma Campaign]]<br />{{•}}[[Battle of Chickamauga]] | parents = Abram Garfield (1799–1833)<br />Eliza Garfield (1801–1888) }} }} [[فایل:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg|بندانگشتی|جیمز آبرام گارفیلد]] ''' جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :James abram garfield (دوغوم:۱۸۳۱،اؤلوم:۱۸۸۱) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۰اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۸۱دن اؤلدورلمه‌سینه قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|24em}} ==Works cited== {{Refbegin}} '''Books''' * {{cite book|last=Ackerman|first= Kenneth D. |title=Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of James A. Garfield|url=https://archive.org/details/darkhorsesurpris0000acke|publisher= Avalon Publishing|location=New York, New York|year= 2003|isbn=978-0-7867-1396-7|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Bach |first=Penny Balkin |title=Public Art in Philadelphia |url=https://archive.org/details/publicartinphila0000bach |publisher=Temple University Press| location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | year=1992| isbn=978-0-87722-822-6| ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Emma Elizabeth |authorlink=Emma Elizabeth Brown |title=The Life and Public Services of James A. Garfield / Twentieth President of the United States |publisher= D. Lothrop Company |location=Boston, Massachusetts |year=1881 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifepublicservic00lcbrow |oclc=3037198 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Caldwell |first=Robert Granville |year=1965 |origyear=1931 |title=James A. Garfield: Party Chieftain |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Co |location=New York, New York |oclc=833793627 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Clancy |first=Herbert J. |year=1958 |title=The Presidential Election of 1880 |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentialelec0000clan |url-access=registration |publisher=Loyola University Press |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-258-19190-0 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Crapol |first=Edward P. |year=2000 |title=James G. Blaine: Architect of Empire |publisher=Scholarly Resources |location=Wilmington, Delaware |series=Biographies in American Foreign Policy |volume=4 |isbn=978-0-8420-2604-8 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Doenecke |first=Justus D. |authorlink=Justus Drew Doenecke |title=The Presidencies of James A. Garfield & Chester A. Arthur |year=1981 |publisher=The Regents Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence, Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-0208-7 |ref=harv |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/presidenciesofja00doen }} * {{cite book |author = Garfield National Memorial Association |title=The Man and the Mausoleum |publisher= Cleveland Print and Publishing Company |location=Cleveland, Ohio |year=1890 |url=https://archive.org/details/manandmausoleum00assogoog |ref={{SfnRef|Memorial 1890}} |oclc=1656783}} * {{cite book |last1=McAlister |first1=Lester G. |last2=Tucker |first2=William E. |title=Journey in Faith: A History of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) |location=St. Louis, Missouri |publisher=Chalice Press |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-8272-1703-4 |ref=harv |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/journeyinfaithhi00tuck }} * {{cite book |last=McFeely |first=William S. |authorlink=William S. McFeely |title=Grant: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/grantbiography00mcfe |url-access=registration |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc |location=New York, New York |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-393-32394-8|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Peskin |first=Allan |title=Garfield: A Biography |publisher=Kent State University Press |location=Kent, Ohio |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-87338-210-6 |ref=harv |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/garfieldbiograph0000pesk }} * {{cite book |last1=Radford |first1=Warren |last2=Radford |first2=Georgia |title=Outdoor Sculpture in San Francisco: a Heritage of Public Art |url=https://archive.org/details/outdoorsculpture0000radf |location=Gualala, California |publisher=Helsham Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-9717607-1-4 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |first=Ira |last=Rutkow |title=James A. Garfield |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesagarfield0000rutk |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |year=2006 |location=New York, New York |oclc=255885600 |isbn=978-0-8050-6950-1 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward | authorlink=Jean Edward Smith |title=Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/grant00smit |url-access=registration |publisher=Simon & Schuster Paperback |location=New York, New York |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-684-84927-0 |ref=harv}} '''Periodicals''' * {{Cite news|first=Amanda |last=Schaffer |title=A President Felled by an Assassin and 1880's Medical Care |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/25/health/25garf.html |newspaper=[[نیویورک تایمز]] |location=New York, New York |date=July 25, 2006 |ref=harv}} '''Online''' * {{cite web|last=Peskin|first=Allan|title=Garfield, James Abram|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/05/05-00264.html|work= American National Biography Online|date=February 2000 |ref=harv}}{{Subscription required}} * {{cite web |title=5 cent Garfield |date=May 16, 2006 |publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum |url=http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2032596 |ref={{SfnRef|Smithsonian 2006}} |accessdate=2020-05-22 |archivedate=2014-09-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907004654/http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2032596 }} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== * Graff, Henry F., ed. ''The Presidents: A Reference History'' (3rd ed. 2002) [https://www.presidentprofiles.com/ online] * {{cite book |last=Millard |first=Candice | authorlink=Candice Millard |title= Destiny of the Republic: A Tale of Madness, Medicine and the Murder of a President |url=https://archive.org/details/destinyofrepubli0000mill |publisher=Anchor Books |location=New York, New York |year=2012 |isbn=978-0767929714 }} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesgarfield White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214144527/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesgarfield |date=2017-12-14 }} * [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000063 GARFIELD, James Abram, (1831 - 1881) Congressional Biography] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/garfield/index.html James Garfield: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * {{DBCS}} * [http://millercenter.org/president/garfield Essays on James A. Garfield, each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151093-1/life-portrait-james-garfield "Life Portrait of James Garfield"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', July 26, 1999 * {{Internet Archive author|sname=James Abram Garfield |sopt=t}} * {{Librivox author|id=11291}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160930170240/http://www.deltau.org/aboutus/notablealumni Notable alumni] of [[Delta Upsilon]] fraternity, including Garfield * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Garfield-James-A James A. Garfield Personal Manuscripts] {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[آلبرت جی. ریدل]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Ohio|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Ohio's 19th congressional district]]|years=1863–1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[عزرا بی. تایلور]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1880 United States presidential election|1880]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمز جی. بلین]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[چستر آلن آرتور]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[هنری ویلسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[Lying in state|lain in state or honor]] in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان ای. لوقان]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to James A. Garfield |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Garfield cabinet}} {{OhioRepresentatives19-20}} {{US House Appropriations chairs}} {{US House Financial Services chairs}} {{US House Armed Services chairs}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Election Commission}} {{United States presidential election, 1880}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|American Civil War|Law|Ohio|Politics|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۳۱-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۱-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:حایرم، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:منتور، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] dovexcy79qrj1ujkyxannh08zlaw233 0 19164 1590697 1590438 2026-07-15T09:17:00Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |image = President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg |office = 19th [[President of the United States]] |vicepresident = [[ویلیام ا. ویلر]] |term_start = March 4, 1877 |term_end = March 4, 1881 |predecessor = [[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]] |successor = [[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]] |order1 = 29th and 32nd [[Governor of Ohio]] |lieutenant1 = Thomas L. Young |term_start1 = January 10, 1876 |term_end1 = March 2, 1877 |predecessor1 = [[ویلیام آلن]] |successor1 = [[توماس ال. یونق]] |lieutenant2 = [[جان سی. لی]] |term_start2 = January 13, 1868 |term_end2 = January 8, 1872 |predecessor2 = [[یاکوب دولسون کوکس]] |successor2 = [[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]] |state3 = [[اوهایو ایالتی]] |district3 = {{ushr|OH|2|2nd}} |term_start3 = March 4, 1865 |term_end3 = July 20, 1867 |predecessor3 = [[آلزاندر لونق]] |successor3 = [[ساموئل فنتون کاری]] |birth_name = Rutherford Birchard Hayes |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1822|10|4}} |birth_place = [[دلاوار، اوهایو]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1893|1|17|1822|10|4}} |death_place = [[فرمونت، اوهایو]], U.S. |restingplace = [[Spiegel Grove|Spiegel Grove State Park]] |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] (1854–1893) |otherparty = [[Whig Party (United States) |Whig]] (before 1854) |spouse = {{Marriage|[[Lucy Webb Hayes|Lucy Webb]]|December 30, 1852|June 25, 1889|end= died}} |children = 8 |education = [[کنیون کالجی]] ([[Bachelor of Arts |BA]])<br>[[هاروارد بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Laws |LLB]]) |signature = Rutherford Birchard Hayes Signature.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink |branch = {{Army| United States}} ([[Union Army]]) |serviceyears = 1861–1865 |rank = [[File:Union Army brigadier general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Brigadier general (United States)| Brigadier General]] ([[United States Volunteers |USV]])<br>[[File:Union Army major general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Brevet (military) |Brevet]] [[Major General (United States) |Major General]] (USV) |unit = [[23rd Ohio Infantry]]<br>[[Kanawha Division]] |battles = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]]<br>{{•}}[[Battle of South Mountain]]{{WIA}}<br>{{•}}[[Valley Campaigns of 1864]] }} ''' رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز''' [[اینگیلیسجه]] :Ruter ford birchard (دوغوم:۱۸۲۲،اؤلوم:۱۸۹۳) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۹اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۷۷دن۱۸۸۱ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. == نوتلار == {{Notelist | colwidth = 30em | notes = }} == قایناقلار== {{Reflist | colwidth = 20em | refs = <ref name="NPS 2004-01-24"> {{cite web | title = The Presidents (Spiegel Grove) | date = January 24, 2004 | publisher = National Park Service | work = Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/Presidents/site50.htm | accessdate = November 22, 2010 }} </ref> }} == آرتیق اوخو == {{Refbegin}} ===کیتابلار=== * {{cite book | last = Barnard | first = Harry | year = 2005 | origyear = 1954 | title = Rutherford Hayes and his America | url = https://archive.org/details/rutherfordbhayes0000harr | publisher = American Political Biography Press | location = Newtown, Connecticut | isbn = 978-0-945707-05-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Barnard}} }} * {{cite book | last = Bruce | first = Robert V. | year = 1989 | origyear = 1959 | title = 1877: Year of Violence | url = https://archive.org/details/1877yearofviolen0000bruc_w1p1 | publisher = Ivan R. Dee, Publisher | isbn = 978-0-929587-05-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Bruce}} }} * {{cite book |last=Calhoun |first=Charles W. |authorlink=Charles W. Calhoun |title=The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofulys0000calh |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence, Kansas |year=2017 |isbn=9780700624843 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book | last = Conwell | first = Russell | authorlink = Russell Conwell | year = 1876 | title = Life and public services of Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes | publisher = B. B. Russell | location = Boston | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UUsTAAAAYAAJ | ref = {{SfnRef|Conwell}} }} * {{cite book | last = Davison | first = Kenneth E. | year = 1972 | title = The Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes | url = https://archive.org/details/presidencyofruth00davi | url-access = registration | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, Connecticut | isbn = 978-0-8371-6275-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Davison}} }} *{{cite book | last1 = Dodds | first1 = Graham G. | title = Take Up Your Pen: Unilateral Presidential Directives in American Politics | date = 2013 | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press | location = Philadelphia | isbn = 978-0-8122-0815-3 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PcN42ujUhMAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | ref = {{SfnRef|Dodds}} }} * {{cite book | last = Foner | first = Eric | authorlink = Eric Foner | year = 2002 | origyear = 1988 | title = Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 | publisher = Harper Perennial Modern Classics | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-093716-4 | ref = {{SfnRef|Foner}} }} * {{cite book | last = Grant | first = Ulysses S. | authorlink = Ulysses S. Grant | year = 2003 | origyear = 1885 | title = Personal Memoirs | publisher = Barnes & Noble, Inc | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7607-4990-6 | ref = {{SfnRef|Grant}} }} * {{cite book |last=Hayes |first=Rutherford B. |year=1922 |editor-last=Williams |editor-first=Charles Richard |title=The Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President of the United States |publisher=Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society |location=Columbus, Ohio |url=http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/index.cfm |ref={{SfnRef|Hayes}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429023213/http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/index.cfm |archivedate=April 29, 2012 }} * {{cite book | last = Hoogenboom | first = Ari | authorlink = Ari Hoogenboom | year = 1995 | title = Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700606412 | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, Kansas | isbn = 978-0-7006-0641-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Hoogenboom}} }} * {{cite book | last = Reid | first = Whitelaw | authorlink = Whitelaw Reid | year = 1868 | title = Ohio in the War: The history of her regiments, and other military organizations | publisher = Moore, Wilstach & Baldwin | url = https://archive.org/details/ohioinwarhersta01reidgoog | ref = {{SfnRef|Reid}} }} * Rhodes, James Ford. ''History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896'' (1919) [https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst04rhodgoog online complete]; old, factual and heavily political, by winner of Pulitzer Prize * {{cite book | last = Richardson | first = Heather Cox | year = 2001 | title = The Death of Reconstruction | url = https://archive.org/details/deathofreconstru0000rich | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 978-0-674-00637-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Richardson}} }} * {{cite book | last = Robinson | first = Lloyd | year = 2001 | title = The Stolen Election: Hayes versus Tilden—1876 | origyear = 1968 | publisher = Tom Doherty Associates | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7653-0206-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Robinson}} | url = https://archive.org/details/stolenelectionha0000robi }} * {{cite book | last = Sproat | first = John G. | editor-last = Woodward | editor-first = C. Vann | editor-link = C. Vann Woodward | year = 1974 | title = Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct | url = https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi0000cvan | publisher = Delacorte Press | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi0000cvan/page/162 163]–176 | chapter = Rutherford B. Hayes: 1877–1881 | isbn = 978-0-440-05923-3 | ref = {{SfnRef|Sproat}} }} * {{cite book | last = Stowell | first = David O. | year = 1999 | title = Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877 | url = https://archive.org/details/streetsrailroads0000stow | publisher = University Of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | isbn = 978-0-226-77668-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Stowell}} }} * {{cite book | last = Trefousse | first = Hans L. | authorlink = Hans L. Trefousse | year = 2002 | title = Rutherford B. Hayes | publisher = Times Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8050-6907-5 | ref = {{SfnRef|Trefousse}} | url = https://archive.org/details/rutherfordbhayes00tref }} * {{cite book | last = Unger | first = Irwin | authorlink = Irwin Unger | year = 2008 | title = The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879 | origyear = 1964 | publisher = ACLS Humanities | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-59740-431-0 | ref = {{SfnRef|Unger}} | title-link = The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879 }} ===مقاله‌لر=== * {{cite journal | last = Clendenen | first = Clarence | authorlink = Clarence C. Clendenen |date=October 1969 | title = President Hayes' "Withdrawal" of the Troops: An Enduring Myth | journal = The South Carolina Historical Magazine | volume = 70 | issue = 4 | jstor = 27566958 | pages = 240–250 [244] | ref = {{SfnRef|Clendenen}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Klotsche | first = J. Martin | authorlink = J. Martin Klotsche |date=December 1935 | title = The Star Route Cases | journal = The Mississippi Valley Historical Review | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | jstor = 1892626 | pages = 407–418 | doi = 10.2307/1892626 | ref = {{SfnRef|Klotsche}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Paul | first = Ezra |date=Winter 1998 | title = Congressional Relations and Public Relations in the Administration of Rutherford B. Hayes (1877–81) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_winter-1998_28_1/page/68 | journal = Presidential Studies Quarterly | volume = 28 | jstor = 27551831 | issue = 1 | pages = 68–87 | ref = {{SfnRef|Paul}} }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Thomas A. |date=Fall 1980 |title=Before Hyde Park: The Rutherford B. Hayes Library |url=https://archive.org/details/american-archivist_fall-1980_43_4/page/485 |journal=The American Archivist |volume=43 |pages=485–488 |jstor=40292342 |issue=4 |ref={{SfnRef|Smith}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Stuart | first = Paul |date=September 1977 | title = United States Indian Policy: From the Dawes Act to the American Indian Policy Review Commission | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1977-09_51_3/page/451 | journal = Social Service Review | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 451–463 | jstor = 30015511 | doi = 10.1086/643524 | ref = {{SfnRef|Stuart}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Swint | first = Henry L. |date=June 1952 | title = Rutherford B. Hayes, Educator | journal = The Mississippi Valley Historical Review | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–60 | jstor = 1902843 | doi = 10.2307/1902843 | ref = {{SfnRef|Swint}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Thelen | first = David P. |date=Summer 1970 | title = Rutherford B. Hayes and the Reform Tradition in the Gilded Age | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-quarterly_summer-1970_22_2/page/150 | journal = American Quarterly | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 150–165 | jstor = 2711639 | doi = 10.2307/2711639 | ref = {{SfnRef|Thelen}} }} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/rutherfordbhayes White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214144455/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/rutherfordbhayes |date=2017-12-14 }} * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|H000393}} * [http://www.rbhayes.org The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/hayes/index.html Rutherford B. Hayes: A Resource Guide] from the [[Library of Congress]] * [http://millercenter.org/president/hayes Extensive essays on Rutherford B. Hayes] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] *[http://www.c-span.org/video/?150637-1/life-portrait-rutherford-b-hayes "Life Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', July 19, 1999 * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Hayes%2C_Rutherford_Birchard/}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Hayes-Rutherford-B Rutherford B. Hayes Personal Manuscripts & Letters] * {{Librivox author|id=11290}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1652}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[آلزاندر لونق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Ohio|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Ohio's 2nd congressional district]]|years=1865–1867}} {{S-aft|after=[[ساموئل فنتون کاری]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[یاکوب دولسون کوکس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[Ohio gubernatorial elections|nominee]] for [[Governor of Ohio]]|years=1867, 1869}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[Ohio gubernatorial elections|nominee]] for [[Governor of Ohio]] |years=1875}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام ایچ. وزت]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1876 United States presidential election|1876]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[یاکوب دولسون کوکس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Ohio]]|years=1868–1872}} {{S-aft|after=[[ادوارد فولانزبی نویز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام آلن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Governor of Ohio|years=1876–1877}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس ال. یونق]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1877–1881}} {{S-aft|after=[[جئیمز آبرام قارفیلد]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[یولیسیز سایمن قرانت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1885–1893}} {{S-aft|after=[[بنجامین هریسون]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Rutherford B. Hayes |list1 = {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Governors of Ohio}} {{OhioRepresentatives02}} {{Hayes cabinet}} }} {{Subject bar|commons=y |q=y |s=y |portal1=Biography|portal2=American Civil War|portal5=Ohio|portal6=Politics|portal7=Law|portal8=United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۲۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۹۳-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:دلاوار، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:فرمونت، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] n6czq86hks2likeo6te4fjhi4ho5f0c 0 19165 1590674 1568995 2026-07-15T08:17:36Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Benjamin Harrison | image = Benjamin Harrison, head and shoulders bw photo, 1896.jpg | office = 23rd [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[لیوای مورتون]] | term_start = March 4, 1889 | term_end = March 4, 1893 | predecessor = [[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]] | successor = [[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]] | jr/sr1 = United States Senator | state1 = [[ایندیانا ایالتی]] | term_start1 = March 4, 1881 | term_end1 = March 3, 1887 | predecessor1 = [[جوزف ئی. مک‌دونالد]] | successor1 = [[دیوید تورپی]] | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1833|8|20}} | birth_place = [[North Bend, Ohio]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1901|3|13|1833|8|20}} | death_place = [[ایندیاناپولیس]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Crown Hill Cemetery]] | party = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] (before 1856)<br />[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] (1856–1901) | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Caroline Harrison|Caroline Scott]]|October 20, 1853|October 25, 1892|end=died}}<br />{{Marriage|[[Mary Dimmick Harrison|Mary Scott Lord]]|April 6, 1896}} | children = [[Russell Benjamin Harrison|Russell]]<br />[[Mary Harrison McKee|Mary]]<br />[[Elizabeth Harrison Walker|Elizabeth]] | relatives = [[ویلیام هنری هریسون]] (Paternal grandfather)<br/>[[John Scott Harrison]] (Father) | education = [[Ohio Military Institute|Farmer's College]]<br />[[میامی بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | signature = Benjamin Harrison Signature-2.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | branch = {{Army|United States}} ([[Union Army]]) | serviceyears = 1862&ndash;1865 | rank = {{Unbulleted list | [[File:Union Army colonel rank insignia.png|35px]] [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]], [[United States Volunteers|USV]] | [[File:Union Army brigadier general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Brevet (military)|Brevet]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brig. Gen.]], [[United States Volunteers|USV]] }} | unit = [[Army of the Cumberland]] | commands = [[70th Indiana Infantry Regiment|70th Ind. Infantry Reg.]]<br />1st Brigade, 1st Division, [[XX Corps (Union Army)|XX Corps]] | battles = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایچ ساواشی]] }} ''' بنجامین هریسون''' {{اینگیلیسجه| Benjamin harrison}} (دوغوم:۱۸۳۳،اؤلوم:۱۹۰۱) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۳اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۸۹دان ۱۸۹۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== ==قایناقلار== {{Refbegin}} {{External media|float = right|video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?449655-1/qa-charles-calhoun ''Q&A'' interview with Charles W. Calhoun on ''Benjamin Harrison'', September 2, 2018], [[C-SPAN]]}} * {{cite book|last1=Barnhart|first1=John D.|last2=Riker|first2=Dorothy L.|title=Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society|series=The History of Indiana|volume=I|edition=|year=1971|location=Indianapolis|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|editor-last=Batten|editor-first=Donna|title=Gale Encyclopedia of American Law|year=2010|volume=5|edition=3rd|location=[[دیترویت]]|pages=208–209|ref={{SfnRef|Batten}}}} * {{cite book|last1=Bodenhamer|first1=David J.|first2=Robert G.|last2=Barrows|title=The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofin0000unse_y6v0|publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press|location=Indianapolis|year=1994|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofin0000unse_y6v0/page/444 444]–45|isbn=0-253-31222-1| ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Boomhower|first=Ray E.|title=Destination Indiana: Travels Through Hoosier History|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|series=|volume=|edition=|year=2000|location=Indianapolis|pages=[https://archive.org/details/destinationindia0000boom/page/48 48]–57|url=https://archive.org/details/destinationindia0000boom|isbn=0871951479|ref={{SfnRef|Boomhower}}}} * {{cite book|last=Calhoun|first=Charles William|author-link=Charles W. Calhoun|year=2005|title=Benjamin Harrison|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-8050-6952-5|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5mLuIx6z1qcC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Conn|first=Earl L.|title=My Indiana: 101 Places to See|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|series=|volume=|edition=|year=2007|location=Indianapolis|pages=[https://archive.org/details/myindiana101plac0000conn/page/94 94]–95|url=https://archive.org/details/myindiana101plac0000conn|isbn=9780871951953|ref={{SfnRef|Conn}}}} * {{cite book|last1=Cowen|first1=Wilson|author-link=Arnold Wilson Cowen|last2=Nichols Jr.|first2=Philip|last3=Bennett|first3=Marion T.|author-link3=Marion Tinsley Bennett|title=The United States Court of Claims: A History; Part II: Origin, Development, Jurisdiction, 1855–1978|publisher=Committee on the Bicentennial of Independence and the Constitution of the Judicial Conference of the United States|year=1978|location=Washington, D.C.|page=92|ref={{SfnRef|Cowen et al.}}}} * {{cite book|last=Eicher|first=John H.|last2=Eicher|first2=David J.|author-link2=David J. Eicher|date=2001|title=Civil War High Commands|url=https://archive.org/details/civilwarhighcomm0000eich|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, CA|isbn=978-0-8047-3641-1 }} * {{cite book|last=Foner|first=Eric|author-link=Eric Foner|title=Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877|year=2002|page=584|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FhvA0S_op38C&pg=PA584&dq=%22benjamin+harrison%22+1877+uniform+napoleon#v=onepage&q=%22benjamin%20harrison%22%201877%20uniform%20napoleon&f=false|isbn=9780060937164|ref={{SfnRef|Foner}}}} * {{cite book|last=Greiff|first=Glory-June|title=Remembrance, Faith and Fancy: Outdoor Public Sculpture in Indiana|url=https://archive.org/details/remembrancefaith0000unse|publisher=Indiana Historical Society Press|year=2005|location=Indianapolis|page=[https://archive.org/details/remembrancefaith0000unse/page/173 173]|isbn=0-87195-180-0|ref={{SfnRef|Greiff}}}} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Gugin|editor1-first=Linda C.|editor2-last=St. Clair|editor2-first=James E.|title=Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State|publisher=Indiana Historical Society Press|year=2015|location=Indianapolis|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indianas200peopl0000unse/page/158 158]–60|url=https://archive.org/details/indianas200peopl0000unse|isbn=978-0-87195-387-2|ref={{SfnRef|Gugin and St. Clair}}}} * {{cite book|last=Harrison|first=Benjamin|year=1897|title=This Country of Ours|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|url=https://archive.org/details/thiscountryours02harrgoog|ref=harrison }} * {{cite book|last=Kinzer|first=Donald L.|editor-last=Gray|editor-first=Ralph D.|title=Gentlemen from Indiana: National Party Candidates, 1836–1940|chapter=Benjamin Harrison and the Politics of Availability|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|series=Indiana Historical Collections|volume=50|edition=|year=1977|location=Indianapolis|pages=141–69|chapter-url=|isbn=|ref={{SfnRef|Kinzer}}}} * {{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Chieko|last2=Hale|first2=Hester Anne|year=2006|title=Benjamin Harrison: Centennial President|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-066-2|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HKBFgjrulnUC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Owens|first=Robert M.|title=Mr. Jefferson's Hammer: William Henry Harrison and the Origins of American Indian Policy|url=https://archive.org/details/mrjeffersonshamm0000owen|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/mrjeffersonshamm0000owen/page/6 6]|isbn=978-0-8061-3842-8|ref=harv}} * Rhodes, James Ford. ''History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896'' (1919) [https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst18rhodgoog online complete]; old, factual and heavily political, by winner of Pulitzer Prize * {{cite book|last=Sievers|first=Harry J.|year=1968|title=Benjamin Harrison: v1 Hoosier Warrior, 1833–1865; v2: Hoosier Statesman From The Civil War To The White House 1865–1888; v3: Benjamin Harrison. Hoosier President. The White House and After|publisher=University Publishers Inc.|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Robert C.|year=2003|title=Encyclopedia of African-American Politics|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4475-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kb0sFxQ6yHoC|ref={{SfnRef|Smith}}}} * {{cite book|last1=Socolofsky|first1=Homer E.|last2=Spetter|first2=Allan B.|year=1987|title=The Presidency of Benjamin Harrison|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofbenj0000soco|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-0320-6|ref={{SfnRef|Socolofsky & Spetter}}}} * {{cite journal|last=Stuart|first=Paul|date=September 1977|title=United States Indian Policy: From the Dawes Act to the American Indian Policy Review Commission|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1977-09_51_3/page/451|journal=Social Service Review|volume=51|issue=3|pages=451–463|jstor=30015511|doi=10.1086/643524|ref={{SfnRef|Stuart}}}} * {{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Lew|year=1888|title=Life and Public Services of Benjamin Harrison|publisher=Edgewood Publishing Company|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Williams|first=R. Hal|year=1974|editor-last=Woodward|editor-first=C. Vann|title=Responses of the Presidents to the Charges of Misconduct|url=https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood|chapter=Benjamin Harrison 1889–1893|pages=[https://archive.org/details/responsesofpresi00wood/page/191 191]–195|publisher=Dell Publishing Co., Inc.|isbn=0-440-05923-2|ref={{SfnRef|Williams}}}} * {{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Kirt H.|year=2005|editor1-last=Rigsby|editor1-first=Enrique D.|editor2-last=Aune|editor2-first=James Arnt|title=Civil Rights Rhetoric and the American Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/civilrightsrheto0000unse|chapter=The Politics of Place and Presidential Rhetoric in the United States, 1875–1901|pages=[https://archive.org/details/civilrightsrheto0000unse/page/n29 16]–40|publisher=TAMU Press|isbn=978-1-58544-440-3|ref={{SfnRef|Wilson}}}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book | title = Benjamin Harrison|author=Adleson, Bruce|year=2006 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=HAqjnTTjGb0C | isbn = 978-0-8225-1497-8 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}} * Calhoun, Charles W. "Benjamin Harrison, Centennial President: A Review Essay." ''Indiana Magazine of History'' (1988). [ online] * Dewey, Davis R. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9950113 ''National Problems: 1880–1897''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608025727/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9950113 |date=2012-06-08 }} (1907) * Gallagher, Douglas Steven. "The" smallest mistake": explaining the failures of the Hayes and Harrison presidencies." ''White House Studies'' 2.4 (2002): 395–414. * Morgan, H. Wayne, ''From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896'' (1969) ===Primary sources=== * Debs, Eugene V. [https://archive.org/details/881027DebsSpeechonharrison "General Benjamin Harrison — Relentless Foe of Labor: A Democratic Campaign Speech in Terre Haute, IN, Oct. 27, 1888,"] ''Terre Haute Weekly Gazette,'' November 1, 1888, section 2, pp.&nbsp;1, 4. * Harrison, Benjamin. ''[https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC02863703&id=TCRrVz3JKF4C&printsec=titlepage Speeches of Benjamin Harrison, Twenty-third President of the United States]'' (1892), compiled by Charles Hedges. * {{cite book |last=Harrison |first1=Benjamin |url=https://archive.org/details/viewsofanexpresi00harrrich |title=Views of an ex-president |editor-last=Harrison |editor-first=Mary Lord |location=Indianapolis, Indiana |publisher=Bowen-Merrill Co. |year=1901}} * Volwiler, Albert T., ed. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?ao&d=99596344 ''The Correspondence between Benjamin Harrison and James G. Blaine, 1882–1893''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816135119/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?ao&d=99596344 |date=2011-08-16 }} (1940) {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== ===رسمی=== * [http://www.presidentbenjaminharrison.org/ Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site] * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/benjaminharrison White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214144703/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/benjaminharrison |date=2017-12-14 }} ===مدیالار=== * {{New York Times topic|people/h/benjamin_harrison}} ===آیری=== * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|H000263}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/bharrison/index.html Benjamin Harrison: Resource Guide], [[Library of Congress]] * [http://spec.lib.miamioh.edu/home/harrison/ Benjamin & Caroline Scott Harrison Collection], [[میامی بیلیم‌یوردو]] Libraries * [http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/benjamin-harrison-collection-1853-1943.pdf Benjamin Harrison Collection, 1853–1943] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729052438/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/benjamin-harrison-collection-1853-1943.pdf |date=2016-07-29 }}, at the [[Indiana Historical Society]] * [http://millercenter.org/president/bharrison Essay on Harrison and each member of his cabinet and First Lady], [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151616-1/life-portrait-benjamin-harrison "Life Portrait of Benjamin Harrison"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', August 20, 1999 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150405183751/http://www.lib.msu.edu/cs/branches/vvl/presidents/harrison.html Recording of an 1889 Harrison speech] – Vincent Voice Library, [[میشیقان ایالتی بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Harrison-Benjamin Collection of Benjamin Harrison's Personal Letters & Manuscripts] * {{Gutenberg author|id=1293}} * [https://archives.isl.lib.in.us/repositories/2/resources/161 Benjamin Harrison Collection, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Indiana State Library] {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[توماس ام. براون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of Indiana]]|years=1876}} {{S-aft|after=[[آلبرت جی. پورتر]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جیمز جی. بلین]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[1892 United States presidential election|1892]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام مک‌کینلی]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[جوزف ئی. مک‌دونالد]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Indiana|United States Senator (Class 1) from Indiana]]|years=1881–1887|alongside=[[دانیل دبلیو. وورهیس]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[دیوید تورپی]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1889–1893}} {{S-aft|after=[[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[رادرفورد بیرچارد هیز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1893–1901}} {{S-aft|after=[[ایستیون قراور کلیولند]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Benjamin Harrison |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{USSenIN}} {{Benjamin Harrison cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1888}} {{United States presidential election, 1892}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Biography|American Civil War|Indiana|Ohio|United States|Politics|Law}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۳۳-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۰۱-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:ایندیانا جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ایندیاناپولیس سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:ایندیانا سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] grunadamto9kwoggjjc6f7x2due3u6q 0 19169 1590659 1587955 2026-07-15T07:53:48Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg | office = 28th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[توماس آر. مارشال]] | term_start = March 4, 1913 | term_end = March 4, 1921 | predecessor = [[ویلیام هووارد تفت]] | successor = [[وارن جی. هاردینق]] | office1 = 34th [[Governor of New Jersey]] | term_start1 = January 17, 1911 | term_end1 = March 1, 1913 | predecessor1 = [[جان فرانکلین فورت]] | successor1 = [[جیمز فایرمن فیلدر]] (''acting'') | office3 = 13th [[President of Princeton University]] | term_start3 = October 25, 1902 | term_end3 = October 21, 1910 | predecessor3 = [[Francis Patton]] | successor3 = [[John Aikman Stewart]] (''acting'') | birth_name = Thomas Woodrow Wilson | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1856|12|28}} | birth_place = [[ایستاونتون، ویرجینیا]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1924|2|3|1856|12|28}} | death_place = [[واشینقتن، دی.سی.]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Washington National Cathedral]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Ellen Axson Wilson|Ellen Axson]]|June 24, 1885|August 6, 1914|end=died}}<br />{{Marriage|[[ادیث ویلسون]]|December 18, 1915}} | children = [[Margaret Woodrow Wilson|Margaret]]<br />[[Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre|Jessie]]<br />[[Eleanor Wilson McAdoo|Eleanor]] | relatives = [[Joseph Ruggles Wilson]] (father) | education = [[دیویدسن کالجی]]<br />[[پرینستون بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br />[[ویرجینیا بیلیم‌یوردو]]<br />[[جانز هاپکینز بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) | awards = [[Nobel Peace Prize]] | signature = Woodrow Wilson Signature 2.svg | caption = Wilson in 1919 }} ''' توماس وودرو ویلسون''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: Thomas woodrow wilson (دوغوم:۱۸۵۶،اؤلوم:۱۹۲۴) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۸اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۱۳دن ۱۹۲۱ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==اتک‌یازیلار== {{قایناق}} ==قایناقلار== {{External media| width = 210px | align = right | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?314766-1/q-scott-berg ''Q&A'' interview with A. Scott Berg on ''Wilson'', September 8, 2013], [[C-SPAN]] ({{cite web | title =Wilson| website = | publisher =[[C-SPAN]] | date =September 8, 2013 | url =https://www.c-span.org/video/?314766-1/q-scott-berg| accessdate =March 20, 2017 }})}} {{External media| width = 210px | align = right | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?23740-1/woodrow-wilson-biography ''Booknotes'' interview with August Heckscher on ''Woodrow Wilson: A Biography'', January 12, 1992], [[C-SPAN]] ({{cite web | title =Woodrow Wilson: A Biography| website = | publisher =[[C-SPAN]] | date =January 12, 1992 | url =https://www.c-span.org/video/?23740-1/woodrow-wilson-biography| accessdate =March 20, 2017 }})}} {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Cite book|last=Auchincloss|first=Louis|title=Woodrow Wilson|date=2000|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-88904-4|url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilson00auch}} * {{cite book |last1=Avrich |first1=Paul |title=Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background |date=1991 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-02604-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/saccovanzettiana0000avri }} * {{cite book |last1=Berg |first1=A. Scott |title=Wilson |date=2013 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-0675-4}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bimes |first1=Terry |last2=Skowronek |first2=Stephen |title=Woodrow Wilson's Critique of Popular Leadership: Reassessing the Modern-Traditional Divide in Presidential History |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_polity_fall-1996_29_1/page/27 |journal=Polity |date=1996 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=27–63 |jstor=3235274|doi=10.2307/3235274 }} * {{cite book |last1=Blum |first1=John |title=Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality |date=1956 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-10021-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilsonpol0000blum }} * {{cite book |last1=Bragdon |first1=Henry W. |title=Woodrow Wilson: the Academic Years |url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilsonaca0000brag |url-access=registration |date=1967 |publisher=Belknap Press |isbn=978-0-674-73395-4}} * {{cite book |last1=Brands |first1=H. W. |title=Woodrow Wilson |date=2003 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8050-6955-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilson00bran }} * {{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=Kendrick A. |title=The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson |date=1992 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-0523-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwood00clem }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Cooper |editor1-first=John Milton Jr. | editor1-link = John Milton Cooper| title=Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson: Progressivism, Internationalism, War, and Peace |date=2008 |publisher=Woodrow Wilson Center Press|isbn=978-0-8018-9074-1}} * {{Citation| last = Cooper | first = John Milton Jr. | author-link = John Milton Cooper | date = 1983 | title = The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt | publisher=Belknap Press|isbn=978-0-674-94750-4| url=https://archive.org/details/warriorpries00coop}} * {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=John Milton Jr. |title=Woodrow Wilson |url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilsonbio0000coop |date=2009 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=9780307273017}} * {{cite book |last1=Gould |first1=Lewis L. |title=Four Hats in the Ring: the 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/fourhatsinring190000goul |date=2008 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-1856-9}} * {{cite book|last1=Gould|first1=Lewis L.|title=Grand Old Party: A History of the Republicans|date=2003|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-375-50741-0|url=https://archive.org/details/grandoldpartyhis00goul}} * {{cite book|last= Hankins|first=Barry|title=Woodrow Wilson: Ruling Elder, Spiritual President|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-102818-2}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Heckscher |editor1-first=August |title=The Politics of Woodrow Wilson: Selections from his Speeches and Writings |date=1956 |publisher=Harper |oclc=564752499}} * {{cite book |last=Heckscher |first=August |title=Woodrow Wilson |publisher=Easton Press |date=1991 |isbn=978-0-684-19312-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilson00heck }} * {{cite book|last=Herring|first= George C.|title=From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcolonytosupe00herr|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-972343-0}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Kennedy |editor1-first=Ross A. |title=A Companion to Woodrow Wilson |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-44540-2}} * {{cite book|last=Levin|first=Phyllis&nbsp;Lee|title=Edith and Woodrow: The Wilson White House|publisher=Scribner|date=2001|isbn=978-0-7432-1158-1|url=https://archive.org/details/edithwoodroww00levi}} * {{Citation| last = Link| first = Arthur Stanley | author-link = Arthur S. Link| year = 1947–1965 | title = Wilson | volume = 5 volumes | publisher = Princeton University Press | oclc = 3660132}} ** {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Arthur Stanley |title=Wilson: The Road to the White House |url=https://archive.org/details/wilsonroadtowhit00link |url-access=registration |date=1947 |publisher=Princeton University Press}} ** {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Arthur Stanley |title=Wilson: The New Freedom |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P9-CKF-358 |date=1956 |publisher=Princeton University Press}} ** {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Arthur Stanley |title=Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality: 1914–1915 |url=https://archive.org/details/wilsonstrugglefo0003unse |date=1960 |publisher=Princeton University Press}} ** {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Arthur Stanley |title=Wilson: Confusions and Crises: 1915–1916 |url=https://archive.org/details/wilsonconfusions0004unse_b3s4 |date=1964 |publisher=Princeton University Press}} ** {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Arthur Stanley |title=Wilson: Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace: 1916–1917 |url=https://archive.org/details/wilsoncampaignsf0005unse |date=1965 |publisher=Princeton University Press}} * {{cite book |last1=Link |first1=Arthur Stanley |author-link=Arthur S. Link |editor1-last=Graff |editor1-first=Henry F. |title=The Presidents: A Reference History |date=2002 |publisher=Scribner |isbn=978-0-684-31226-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere00graf/page/365 365–388] |chapter=Woodrow Wilson |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere00graf |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere00graf/page/365 }} * {{cite book|last=Mulder|first=John H. |title=Woodrow Wilson: The Years of Preparation|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-EMB-994|publisher=Princeton University Press |date=1978|isbn=978-0-691-04647-1}} * {{cite book |last1=O'Toole |first1=Patricia | authorlink = Patricia O'Toole |title=The Moralist: Woodrow Wilson and the World He Made |url=https://archive.org/details/moralistwoodroww0000otoo |date=2018 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-9809-4}} * {{cite book|last=Pestritto|first=Ronald J.|title=Woodrow Wilson and the Roots of Modern Liberalism|url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilsonroo0000pest|date=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-1517-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ruiz |first1=George W. |title=The Ideological Convergence of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_winter-1989_19_1/page/159 |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=1989 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=159–177 |jstor=40574572}} * {{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Robert M.|title=In Search of Woodrow Wilson: Beliefs and Behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofwoodro0000saun|isbn=978-0-313-30520-7|year=1998|publisher=Greenwood Press}} * {{cite book | last=Stokes| first= Melvyn| title=D. W. Griffith's ''The Birth of a Nation: A History of "The Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time" | url=https://archive.org/details/dwgriffithsbirth0000stok_m6i8| publisher=Oxford University Press | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-19-533679-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Walworth |first=Arthur |title=Woodrow Wilson, Volume I, Volume II|publisher=Longmans, Green |year=1958 |oclc=1031728326| url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilson00walw}} * {{cite book |last1=Weisman |first1=Steven R. |title=The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson – The Fierce Battles over Money That Transformed the Nation |date=2002 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-85068-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/greattaxwars00weis }} * {{cite book|last=White|first=William Allen|title=Woodrow Wilson – The Man, His Times and His Task|isbn=978-1-4067-7685-0|publisher=Read Books|date=2007|orig-year=1925}} * {{cite book |last=Wilson|first=Woodrow|url= https://archive.org/stream/congressionalgov00wilsiala#page/n5/mode/2up |title= Congressional Government, A Study in American Politics |year= 1885 |publisher= Houghton, Mifflin and Company |via=Internet Archive|oclc=504641398}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{اساس|Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson}} * [http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/article-summary/ida-tarbell-woodrow-wilson#.Xs6Qk2hKizk The Ida Tarbell interview with Woodrow Wilson (<i>Collier's Magazine</i>, 1916)] ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== '''رسمی''' * [http://www.woodrowwilson.org/ Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library & Museum] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/woodrowwilson White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122042520/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/woodrowwilson |date=2017-01-22 }} '''Speeches and other works''' * [https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches#wilson Full text of a number of Wilson's speeches], [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{Gutenberg author| id=1689 |name=Woodrow Wilson}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Woodrow Wilson}} * {{Librivox author|id=2417}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Wilson-Woodrow Woodrow Wilson Personal Manuscripts] '''مدیا''' * {{New York Times topic|people/w/woodrow_wilson}} * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151624-1/life-portrait-woodrow-wilson "Life Portrait of Woodrow Wilson"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', September 13, 1999 * {{IMDb name}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/018674}} * {{YouTube|id=KvdN6JarWU0|title="Woodrow Wilson and the Spanish Flu Pandemic"}} '''آراشدیرما سایتلاری ''' * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/wilson/index.html Woodrow Wilson: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * [https://millercenter.org/president/wilson Extensive essays on Woodrow Wilson] and [https://millercenter.org/president/wilson/woodrow-wilson-administration shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the Miller Center of Public Affairs * [http://www.davidpietrusza.com/wilson-links.html Woodrow Wilson Links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103040735/http://www.davidpietrusza.com/wilson-links.html |date=2019-11-03 }} (Compiled by David Pietrusza) * [https://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/14wilson/14wilson.htm Woodrow Wilson: Prophet of Peace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714015728/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/14wilson/14wilson.htm |date=2014-07-14 }}, a [[National Park Service]] Teaching with Historic Places lesson plan {{Woodrow Wilson}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{s-aca}} {{S-bef|before=[[Francis Landey Patton]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of Princeton University]]|years=1902–1910}} {{S-aft|after=[[John Aikman Stewart]]<br />''acting''}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[Frank S. Katzenbach]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of New Jersey]]|years=[[1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election|1910]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمز فایرمن فیلدر]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام جنینقز برایان]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1912 United States presidential election|1912]], [[1916 United States presidential election|1916]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمز میدلتون کاکس]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان فرانکلین فورت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Governors of New Jersey|Governor of New Jersey]]|years=1911–1913}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمز فایرمن فیلدر]]<br />''acting''}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام هووارد تفت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1913–1921}} {{S-aft|after=[[وارن جی. هاردینق]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام هووارد تفت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1913–1924}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام هووارد تفت]]}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[میلتلرآراسی قیزیل صلیب کمیته‌سی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Laureate of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]|years=1919}} {{S-aft|after=[[Léon Bourgeois]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Giulio Gatti-Casazza]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)|Cover of ''Time'']]|years=November 12, 1923}} {{S-aft|after=[[Erich Ludendorff]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Woodrow Wilson |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Wilson cabinet}} {{Democratic Party (United States)}} {{Governors of New Jersey}} {{Princeton presidents}} {{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1901–1925}} {{1919 Nobel Prize winners}} {{Hall of Fame for Great Americans}} {{American Political Science Association presidents}} {{American Historical Association presidents}} {{United States presidential election, 1912}} {{United States presidential election, 1916}} {{United States presidential election, 1920}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|New Jersey|Virginia|Politics|Law|World War I|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۵۶-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۲۴-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:نیوجرسی دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:استنتون، ویرجینیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آقوستا، جورجیا سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:استنتون، ویرجینیا سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:توماس وودرو ویلسون]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] d4q7azis75bo1ieh8tebv767y5cj0qr 0 19170 1590740 1590472 2026-07-15T10:51:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|27th president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = William Howard Taft cph.3b35813.jpg | order = 27th | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = {{Nowrap|[[جیمز شرمن]] (1909–1912)}}<br />''None'' (1912–1913){{Efn|Vice President Sherman died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}} | term_start = March 4, 1909 | term_end = March 4, 1913 | predecessor = [[تئودور روزولت]] | successor = [[توماس وودرو ویلسون]] | office1 = 10th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] | nominator1 = [[وارن جی. هاردینق]] | term_start1 = July 11, 1921 | term_end1 = February 3, 1930 | predecessor1 = [[ادوارد دی. وایت]] | successor1 = [[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]] | office2 = 42nd [[United States Secretary of War]] | president2 = Theodore Roosevelt | term_start2 = February 1, 1904 | term_end2 = June 30, 1908 | predecessor2 = [[الیو روت]] | successor2 = [[لوک ادوارد رایت]] | office3 = 1st [[List of colonial governors of Cuba|Provisional Governor of Cuba]] | appointer3 = Theodore Roosevelt | term_start3 = September 29, 1906 | term_end3 = October 13, 1906 | predecessor3 = [[Tomás Estrada Palma]]<br />(''as [[President of Cuba|President]]'') | successor3 = [[Charles Edward Magoon]] | office4 = [[Governor-General of the Philippines]] | appointer4 = [[ویلیام مک‌کینلی]] | term_start4 = July 4, 1901 | term_end4 = December 23, 1903 | predecessor4 = [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.]]<br />(''as Military Governor'') | successor4 = [[لوک ادوارد رایت]] | office5 = Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]] | appointer5 = [[List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison|Benjamin Harrison]] | term_start5 = March 17, 1892 | term_end5 = March 15, 1900 | predecessor5 = Seat established | successor5 = [[Henry Franklin Severens]] | office6 = 6th [[Solicitor General of the United States]] | president6 = [[بنجامین هریسون]] | term_start6 = February 4, 1890 | term_end6 = March 20, 1892<ref>{{cite book |last=Jost |first=Kenneth |date=1993 |title=The Supreme Court A to Z |url=https://books.google.com/?id=_48uAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=CQ Press |page=428 |isbn=9781608717446}}</ref> | predecessor6 = [[Orlow W. Chapman]] | successor6 = [[Charles H. Aldrich]] | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1857|9|15}} | birth_place = [[سینسیناتی]], [[اوهایو ایالتی]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1930|3|8|1857|9|15}} | death_place = [[واشینقتن، دی.سی.]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Arlington National Cemetery]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | parents = [[آلفونزو تافت]]<br />[[Louise Taft|Louise Torrey]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Helen Herron Taft|Helen Herron]]|June 19, 1886}} | children = {{دوز لیست|*[[رابرت تفت]] * [[Helen Taft Manning|Helen]] * [[چارلز فلپس تافت ایی]]}} | education = [[ییل بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[سینسینتی بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | signature = William Howard Taft Signature2.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | caption = Taft in 1908 }} [[فایل:William Howard Taft 1909.jpg|بندانگشتی|ویلیام هووارد تفت]] ''' ویلیام هووارد تفت''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: William howard taft (دوغوم:۱۸۵۷،اؤلوم:۱۹۳۰) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۷اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۰۹دان ۱۹۱۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. بیر چاغدا هم جومهور باشقانی میش هم ده [[یوخاری محکمه]] نین باشقانی. آمریکا تاریخین ده تک بو جومهور باشقان بله میش. ==مدیالار== [[فایل:William Taft video montage.ogg|thumb|upright=1.3|Collection of film clips of the president]] [[فایل:Taft - The Farmer and the Republican Party.ogg|thumb|left|Speech: "The Farmer and the Republican Party", Kansas City, Missouri, 1908]] {{آریت}} ==نوتلار== {{Notelist|30em}} ==اتک‌یازیلار== {{قایناق|20em}} ==قایناقلار== * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Anderson 1973}}|last=Anderson|first=Donald F.|title=William Howard Taft: A Conservative's Conception of the Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/williamhowardtaf00ande|url-access=registration|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1973|isbn=978-0-8014-0786-4}} * {{cite journal|title=The Legacy of William Howard Taft|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_winter-1982_12_1/page/26|first=Donald F.|last=Anderson|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=12|issue=1|date=Winter 1982|pages=26–33|jstor=27547774|ref={{SfnRef|Anderson 1982}} }} * {{cite journal|title=Building National Consensus: The Career of William Howard Taft|first=Donald F.|last=Anderson|journal=University of Cincinnati Law Review|volume=68|date=Winter 2000|pages=323–356|ref={{SfnRef|Anderson 2000}} }} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Burton 2004}}|last=Burton|first=David H.|authorlink=David H. Burton|title=William Howard Taft, Confident Peacemaker|year=2004|publisher=Saint Joseph's University Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-916101-51-0}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Coletta 1989}}|last=Coletta|first=Paolo Enrico|title=William Howard Taft: A Bibliography|url=https://archive.org/details/williamhowardtaf0000cole|year=1989|publisher=Meckler Corporation|location=Westport, CT}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Coletta 1973}}|last=Coletta|first=Paolo Enrico|title=The Presidency of William Howard Taft|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwill0000cole|url-access=registration|year=1973|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}} * {{Cite book|last=Dean|first=John W.|authorlink=John Dean|title=Warren Harding|url=https://books.google.com/?id=12I6tyg8no4C|publisher=Henry Holt and Co|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8050-6956-3|edition=Kindle|ref={{SfnRef|Dean}}}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Gould 2014}}|last=Gould|first=Lewis L.|title=Chief Executive to Chief Justice:Taft Betwixt the White House and Supreme Court|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7006-2001-2|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}} * {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Gould 2008}}|last=Gould|first=Lewis L.|title=Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/fourhatsinring190000goul|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7006-1564-3|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}} * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Harris |2009}} |last1=Harris |first1=Charles H. III |last2=Sadler |first2=Louis R. |title=The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920 |url=https://archive.org/details/secretwarinelpas0000harr |date=2009 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |isbn=978-0-8263-4652-0}} * {{cite book|last=Hawley|first=Joshua David|title=Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, CT|isbn=978-0-300-14514-4|ref={{SfnRef|Hawley}} }} * {{cite book|last=Lurie|first=Jonathan|title=William Howard Taft: Progressive Conservative|url=https://archive.org/details/williamhowardtaf0000luri|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-51421-7|ref={{SfnRef|Lurie}} }} * {{cite journal|title=President by Chance, Chief Justice by Choice|first=Alpheus Thomas|last=Mason|journal=American Bar Association Journal|volume=55|issue=1|date=January 1969|pages=35–39|jstor=25724643|ref={{SfnRef|Mason}} }} * {{cite journal|title=Taft's Missions to Japan: A Study in Personal Diplomacy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pacific-historical-review_1961-08_30_3/page/279|first=Ralph Eldin|last=Minger|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=30|number=3|date=August 1961|pages= 279–294|jstor=3636924|ref={{SfnRef|Minger}} |doi=10.2307/3636924}} * {{cite book|last=Morris|first=Edmund|title=Theodore Rex|authorlink=Edmund Morris (writer)|year=2001|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=978-0-394-55509-6|ref={{SfnRef|Morris}}|url=https://archive.org/details/theodorerex00edmu}} * {{cite journal|title='Back to the Constitution': Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Republican Party Division 1910–1912|first=John|last=Murphy|journal=Irish Journal of American Studies|volume= 4|year=1995|pages= 109–126|jstor=30003333|ref={{SfnRef|Murphy}} }} * Noyes, John E. "William Howard Taft and the Taft Arbitration Treaties." ''Villanova Law Review'' 56 (2011): 535+ [https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=vlr online] covers his career in international law and arbitration. * {{cite journal|last=Pavord|first=Andrew C.|date=Summer 1996|title=The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt's Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_summer-1996_26_3/page/633|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|volume=26|issue=3|pages=633–647|jstor=27551622|ref={{SfnRef|Pavord}} }} *{{cite book|last=Pringle|first=Henry F.|authorlink=Henry F. Pringle|title=The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography|year=1939 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.164430/page/n4|volume=1|ref={{SfnRef|Pringle vol 1}} }}, covers start of the presidency *{{cite book|last=Pringle|first=Henry F.|title=The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography|year=1939|url=https://ia801606.us.archive.org/20/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.212134/2015.212134.The-Life_text.pdf|volume=2|ref={{SfnRef|Pringle vol 2}} }} vol 2 covers most of the presidency & Supreme Court * {{cite book|last=Regan|first=Richard J.|title=A Constitutional History of the U.S. Supreme Court|url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalhi0000rega|year=2015|publisher=Catholic University of America Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8132-2721-4|ref={{SfnRef|Regan}} }} * {{cite journal|last=Scalia|first=Antonin|authorlink=Antonin Scalia|year=1989|title=Originalism: The Lesser Evil|journal=University of Cincinnati Law Review|volume=57|pages=849–864|ref={{SfnRef|Scalia}} }} * {{cite book|last1=Scholes|first1=Walter V|last2=Scholes|first2=Marie V.|title=The Foreign Policies of the Taft Administration|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicieso00scho|year=1970|ref={{SfnRef|Scholes and Scholes}}|isbn=978-0-8262-0094-5|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia, MO }} * {{cite book|last=Trani|first=Eugene P.|last2=Wilson|first2=David L.|title=The Presidency of Warren G. Harding|publisher=The Regents Press of Kansas|series=American Presidency|year=1977|isbn=978-0-7006-0152-3|ref={{SfnRef|Trani & Wilson}}|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwarr00tran}} * {{cite journal|title=Chief Justice William Howard Taft|authorlink=Earl Warren|first=Earl|last=Warren|journal=[[The Yale Law Journal]]|volume=67|issue=3|date=January 1958|pages=353–362|jstor=793882|ref={{SfnRef|Warren}} |doi=10.2307/793882|url=https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol67/iss3/1}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== '''رسمی''' * [http://www.nps.gov/wiho William Taft National Historic Site] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamhowardtaft White House biography] {{Refbegin}} '''Speeches''' * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#taft Text of a number of Taft speeches], [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150123170621/http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/list.php?view_keywords=keyword_Taft,%20William Audio clips of Taft's speeches], [[Michigan State University Libraries]] '''مدیا''' * {{New York Times topic|people/t/william_howard_taft}} '''آیری''' * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/taft/index.html William Howard Taft: A Resource Guide] from the [[Library of Congress]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070811134330/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/taft Extensive essay on William Howard Taft and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and the First Lady] – Miller Center of Public Affairs * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151620-1/life-portrait-william-howard-taft "Life Portrait of William Howard Taft"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', September 6, 1999 * [http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/15taft/15taft.htm ''"Growing into Public Service: William Howard Taft's Boyhood Home",'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan] * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Taft,_William_Howard}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=3382}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=William Howard Taft}} * {{Librivox author|id=11296}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/031610}} {{Refend}} {{William Howard Taft}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-legal}} {{S-bef|before=[[جودزون هارمون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati|years=1887–1890}} {{S-aft|after=[[Samuel Furman Hunt]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Orlow W. 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Aldrich]]}} {{S-new|seat}} {{S-ttl|title={{Nowrap|Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]]}}|years=1892–1900}} {{S-aft|after=[[Henry Franklin Severens]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ادوارد دی. وایت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chief Justice of the United States]]|years=1921–1930}} {{S-aft|after=[[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[Jacob Gould Schurman]]|as=Chairman of the [[Schurman Commission]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Taft Commission]]|years=1900–1901}} {{S-aft|after=Himself|as=Chair of the [[Philippine Commission]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Arthur MacArthur Jr.]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor-General of the Philippines]]|years=1901–1904|alongside=[[Adna Chaffee]]}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[لوک ادوارد رایت]]}} {{S-bef|before=Himself|as=Chairman of the [[Taft Commission]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Philippine Commission]]|years=1901–1903}} {{S-bef|before=[[الیو روت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Secretary of War]]|years=1904–1908}} {{S-aft|after=[[لوک ادوارد رایت]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tomás Estrada Palma]]|as=[[President of Cuba]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of colonial governors of Cuba|Governor of Cuba]]<br />{{Small|Acting}}|years=1906}} {{S-aft|after=[[Charles Edward Magoon]]<br />{{Small|Acting}}}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1909–1913}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1908 United States presidential election|1908]], [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1909–1913}} {{S-aft|after=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1924–1930}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[وارن جی. هاردینق]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[Lying in state|lain in state or honor]]<br />in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1930}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان جی. پرشینق]]}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[Hiram Wesley Evans]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)|Cover of ''Time'']]|years=June 30, 1924}} {{S-aft|after=[[James Stillman Rockefeller]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to William Howard Taft |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{USSecWar}} {{USSolGen}} {{SCOTUS Justices|chiefjustices}} {{American Governors-General of the Philippines}} {{T Roosevelt cabinet}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Taft cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1908}} {{United States presidential election, 1912}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|Ohio|Politics|Law|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۵۷-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۳۰-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:سینسیناتی دوغوملو وکیللر]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:سینسیناتی سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] selb6qgirx00nylcuh2rascbilb3lo2 0 19176 1590629 1567308 2026-07-15T06:42:36Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|29th president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder |image = Warren G Harding-Harris & Ewing.jpg |alt = Harding posing for the camera |caption = Harding {{Circa}} 1920 |order = 29th |office = President of the United States |vicepresident = Calvin Coolidge |term_start = March 4, 1921 |term_end = August 2, 1923 |predecessor = [[توماس وودرو ویلسون]] |successor = [[جان کالوین کولیج]] |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = [[اوهایو ایالتی]] |term_start1 = March 4, 1915 |term_end1 = January 13, 1921 |predecessor1 = [[تئودور ای. بورتون]] |successor1 = [[فرانک بی. ویلیس]] |office2 = 28th [[List of Lieutenant Governors of Ohio|Lieutenant Governor of Ohio]] |governor2 = [[میرون تی. هریک]] |term_start2 = January 11, 1904 |term_end2 = January 8, 1906 |predecessor2 = [[هری ال. قوردون]] |successor2 = [[آندریو ال. هریس]] |state_senate3 = Ohio |district3 = 13th |term_start4 = January 1, 1900 |term_end4 = January 4, 1904 |predecessor4 = Henry May |successor4 = [[Samuel H. West]] |birth_name = Warren Gamaliel Harding |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1865|11|2}} |birth_place = [[Blooming Grove, Ohio]], U.S. |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1923|8|2|1865|11|2}} |death_place = [[سان فرانسیسکو]], [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]], U.S. |death_cause = [[Myocardial infarction]]<ref name=NCC>{{cite web|last1=NCC Staff|title=After 91 years, President Warren Harding's sudden death recalled|url=http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2014/08/after-90-years-president-warren-hardings-death-still-unsettled/|website=Constitution Daily|publisher=National Constitution Center|access-date=February 28, 2017|date=August 1, 2014|quote=Today, most historians accept that Harding, 57, died from a heart attack brought on by ample evidence of cardiac problems.|accessdate=2020-05-30|archivedate=2017-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228171608/http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2014/08/after-90-years-president-warren-hardings-death-still-unsettled/}}</ref> |restingplace = [[Harding Tomb]] |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] |spouse = {{Marriage|[[فلورنس هاردینق]]|July 8, 1891}} |children = [[Elizabeth Ann Blaesing|Elizabeth]] (with [[Nan Britton]]) | parents = [[George Tryon Harding]] <br> Phoebe Elizabeth Dickerson |education = [[Ohio Central College]] (BA) |signature = Warren G Harding Signature2.svg |signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink }} ''' وارن جی. هاردینق''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: Warren gamaliel harding (دوغوم:۱۸۶۵،اؤلوم:۱۹۲۳) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۹اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۲۱دن اؤله‌نه قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|20em}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== {{Refbegin|20em}} * {{Cite book|last=Adams|first=Samuel Hopkins|title=The Incredible Era: The Life and Times of Warren Gamaliel Harding|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1939|isbn=0-374-90051-5|ref={{SfnRef|Adams}}|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/incredibleeralif0000adam}} * {{cite journal|last=Bagby|first=Wesley M.|title=The 'Smoke Filled Room' and the Nomination of Warren G. Harding|journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review|date=March 1955|volume=41|issue=4|pages=657–674|jstor=1889182|ref={{SfnRef|Bagby}}|doi=10.2307/1889182}} * {{Citation| first =Justin P. | last =Coffey | editor-last =Sibley | editor-first =Katherine A. S. | contribution =Harding Biographies | title =A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover | year =2014 | pages =79–93 | publisher =John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | ref ={{SfnRef|Coffey}} | isbn =978-1-4443-5003-6}} * {{cite book | last = Dary | first = David | title = The Oregon Trail: An American Saga | year = 2004 | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | isbn = 978-0-375-41399-5 | ref = {{SfnRef|Dary}} | url = https://archive.org/details/oregontrailameri00dary }} * {{Cite book|last=Dean|first=John W.|authorlink=John Dean|title=Warren Harding|url=https://books.google.com/?id=12I6tyg8no4C|publisher=Henry Holt and Co|year=2004|isbn=0-8050-6956-9|edition=Kindle|ref={{SfnRef|Dean}}}} * {{Cite book|last=Downes|first=Randolph C.|title=The Rise of Warren Gamaliel Harding, 1865–1920|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=1970|isbn=0-8142-0140-7|url=https://archive.org/details/riseofwarrengama00down}} * {{Cite book|last=Ferrell|first=Robert H.|title=The Strange Deaths of President Harding|url=https://archive.org/details/strangedeathsofp0000ferr|publisher=University of Missouri Press|edition=Kindle|year=1996|isbn=0-8262-1202-6|ref={{SfnRef|Ferrell}}}} * {{Cite book|author=Morello, John A.|title=Selling the President, 1920: Albert D. Lasker, Advertising, and the Election of Warren G. Harding|url=https://archive.org/details/sellingpresident0000more|publisher=Praeger|date=2001|isbn= 978-0-275-97030-7 |ref={{SfnRef|Morello}}}} * {{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Robert K.|authorlink=Robert K. Murray|title=The Harding Era 1921–1923: Warren G. Harding and his Administration|url=https://archive.org/details/hardingerawarren0000univ|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|date=1969|ref={{SfnRef|Murray 1969}}|isbn=0-8166-0541-6}} * {{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Robert K.|authorlink=Robert K. Murray|title=The Politics of Normalcy: Governmental Theory and Practice in the Harding–Coolidge Era|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|date=1973|ref={{SfnRef|Murray 1973}}|isbn=0-393-05474-8|url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofnormal00robe}} * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Nevins}} |first=Allan |last=Nevins |authorlink=Allan Nevins |title=Dictionary of American Biography: Harding, Warren Gamaliel |editor=[[Dumas Malone]] |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofamer08ilamer#page/252/mode/1up |pages=252–257 |oclc=4171403 |date=1932 }} * {{cite journal|last=Noggle|first=Burl|authorlink=Burl Noggle|title=The Origins of the Teapot Dome Investigation|journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review|volume=44|issue=2|date=September 1957|pages=237–266|publisher=Organization of American Historians|jstor=1887189|ref={{SfnRef|Noggle}}|doi=10.2307/1887189}} * {{Citation| last =Payne | first =Phillip G. | editor-last =Sibley | editor-first =Katherine A. S. | contribution =The Harding Presidency: Scandals, Legacy, and Memory | title =A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover | year =2014 | pages =79–93 | publisher =John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | ref ={{SfnRef|Payne}} | isbn =978-1-4443-5003-6}} * {{Cite book|last=Russell|first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Russell (author)|title=The Shadow of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding In His Times|publisher=Easton Press|year=1968|isbn=0-07-054338-0|ref={{SfnRef|Russell}}}} * {{Cite book|last=Schlesinger|first=Arthur M. Jr.|authorlink=Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.|title=The Age of Roosevelt: The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933|url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofoldorder00schl_1|publisher=Heinemann|year=1957|isbn=0-618-34085-8|ref={{SfnRef|Schlesinger}}}} * {{Cite book|last=Sibley|first=Katherine A. S.|title=First Lady Florence Harding: Behind the Tragedy and Controversy|url=https://archive.org/details/firstladyflorenc0000sibl|date=2009|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-1649-7|ref={{SfnRef|Sibley}}}} * {{Cite book|last=Sinclair|first=Andrew|title=The Available Man: The Life behind the Masks of Warren Gamaliel Harding|url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8550753|publisher=Quadrangle Books|oclc=422550801|edition=1st Quadrangle Paperback|ref={{SfnRef|Sinclair}}|year=1969|origyear=1965}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book|last=Trani|first=Eugene P.|last2=Wilson|first2=David L.|title=The Presidency of Warren G. Harding|publisher=The Regents Press of Kansas|series=American Presidency|year=1977|isbn=978-0-7006-0152-3|ref={{SfnRef|Trani & Wilson}}|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofwarr00tran}} * {{cite book | last = Walters | first = Everett | title = Joseph Benson Foraker: An Uncompromising Republican | url = https://archive.org/details/josephbensonfora0000ever | year = 1948 | publisher = The Ohio History Press | oclc = 477641 | ref = {{SfnRef|Walters}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Wynn|first=Neil|title=From Progressivism to Prosperity: World War I and American Society|url=https://archive.org/details/fromprogressivis1986wynn|publisher=Holmes & Meier|year=1986|ref={{SfnRef|Wynn}}|isbn=0-8419-1107-X}} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/warrenharding White House biography] * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|H000192}} * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#harding Full audio and text of a number of Harding speeches], [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{New York Times topic|people/h/warren_g_harding}} * ''[https://www.loc.gov/item/mp76000342/ President Harding and Calvin Coolidge]'', a film from 1920 * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/harding/ Warren Harding: A Resource Guide], [[Library of Congress]] * [http://millercenter.org/president/harding Extensive essays on Warren Harding] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151625-1/life-portrait-warren-g-harding "Life Portrait of Warren G. Harding"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', September 20, 1999 * {{Gutenberg author| id=Harding,+Warren+G.+(Warren+Gamaliel)}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Warren Gamaliel Harding}} * {{Librivox author|id=11297}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Harding-Warren-G Warren G. Harding Personal Manuscripts] * {{IMDb name|1136403}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/007126}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[هری ال. قوردون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Lieutenant Governor of Ohio]]|years=1904–1906}} {{S-aft|after=[[آندریو ال. هریس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[توماس وودرو ویلسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1921–1923}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[آندریو ال. هریس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of Ohio]]|years=1910}} {{S-aft|after=[[Robert B. Brown]]}} {{S-new|first}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[List of United States Senators from Ohio|U.S. Senator]] from [[اوهایو ایالتی]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 3]])|years=[[United States Senate election in Ohio, 1914|1914]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانک بی. ویلیس]]}} {{S-vac|last=[[جان آر. لینچ]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Keynote Speaker of the [[Republican National Convention]]|years=[[1916 Republican National Convention|1916]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[هنری کابوت لاج]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[چارلز ایوانز هیوز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1920 United States presidential election|1920]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[تئودور ای. بورتون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Ohio|United States Senator (Class 3) from Ohio]]|years=1915–1921|alongside=[[اتلی پومرن]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانک بی. ویلیس]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Articles related to Warren G. Harding |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Harding cabinet}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{United States presidential election, 1920}} {{USSenOH}} {{Governors of Ohio}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}}}} {{Portal bar|1920s|Biography|Ohio|Politics|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۶۵-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۲۳-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ماریون، اوهایو دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:اوهایو سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] rmbkzix3ptdg1gmvfbxwplfajp4fevh 0 19178 1590657 1590447 2026-07-15T07:50:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = President Hoover portrait.jpg | order = 31st | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = [[چارلز کورتیس]] | term_start = March 4, 1929 | term_end = March 4, 1933 | predecessor = [[جان کالوین کولیج]] | successor = [[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]] | office1 = 3rd [[United States Secretary of Commerce]] | president1 = [[وارن جی. هاردینق]]<br />[[جان کالوین کولیج]] | term_start1 = March 5, 1921 | term_end1 = August 21, 1928 | predecessor1 = [[جاشوا دبلیو. آلزاندر]] | successor1 = [[ویلیام اف. ویتینق]] | office2 = Director of the <br>[[United States Food Administration]] | president2 = [[توماس وودرو ویلسون]] | term_start2 = August 21, 1917 | term_end2 = November 16, 1918 | predecessor2 = Position established | successor2 = Position abolished | birth_name = Herbert Clark Hoover | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1874|8|10}} | birth_place = [[وست برنچ، آیووا]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1964|10|20|1874|8|10}} | death_place = [[نیویورک]], [[نیویورک ایالتی]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[لو هنری هوور]]|February 10, 1899|January 7, 1944|end=died}} | children = [[Herbert Hoover Jr.|Herbert]]<br />[[Allan Hoover|Allan]] | education = [[جورج فاکس بیلیم‌یوردو]]<br />[[استنفورد بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) | signature = Herbert Clark Hoover Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | native_name = {{Nobold|Herbert Hoover}} }} [[فایل:President Hoover portrait.jpg|بندانگشتی|هربرت هوور]] ''' هربرت هوور''' [[اینگیلیسجه]]: Herbert Clark Hoover (دوغوم:۱۸۷۴،اؤلوم:۱۹۶۴) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۲۹دان ۱۹۳۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== === وب‌سایتلار === {{قایناق}} ===Works cited=== {{Refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |last=Burner |first=David |title=Herbert Hoover: The Public Life |date=1996 |orig-year=1979 |publisher=Easton Press |ref=}} Originally published as {{cite book |last=Burner |first=David |title=Herbert Hoover: The Public Life |date=1979 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |isbn=978-0-394-46134-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverpub00burn |ref=none}} * {{cite journal |last1=Carcasson |first1=Martin |title=Herbert Hoover and the Presidential Campaign of 1932: The Failure of Apologia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_spring-1998_28_2/page/349 |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=Spring 1998 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–365 |jstor=27551864}} * {{cite journal |last1=Eichengreen |first1=Barry |last2=Temin |first2=Peter |title=The Gold Standard and the Great Depression |journal=Contemporary European History |date=2000 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=183–207 |jstor=20081742 |ref=|doi=10.1017/S0960777300002010 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w6060.pdf }} * {{cite book |last1=Fausold |first1=Martin L. |title=The Presidency of Herbert C. Hoover |date=1985 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-0259-9 |ref={{SfnRef|Fausold 1985}} |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofherb00faus }} * {{Cite book |last=Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title=The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge |publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7006-0892-8 |ref= |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofcalv0000ferr }} * {{cite book |last=Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title=American Diplomacy in the Great Depression: Hoover–Stimson Foreign Policy, 1929–1933 |url=https://archive.org/details/americandiplomac0000ferr |url-access=registration |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1957 |ref=}} * {{Cite journal|last=Garcia|first=George F.|date=January 1, 1980|title=Black Disaffection From the Republican Party During the Presidency of Herbert Hoover, 1928–1932|journal=The Annals of Iowa|volume=45|issue=6|issn=0003-4827|pages=462–477|ref={{SfnRef|Garcia 1980}}|doi=10.17077/0003-4827.8734|doi-access=free}} * {{Citation|last=Hart |first=David M. |title=Herbert Hoover's Last Laugh: the Enduring Significance of the 'Associative State' in the United States |journal=Journal of Policy History |year=1998 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=419–444 |doi=10.1017/S0898030600007156}} * {{cite book|last1=Herring|first1=George C.|title=From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-507822-0|ref=|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcolonytosupe00herr}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hoffman |first1=Abraham |title=Stimulus to Repatriation: The 1931 Federal Deportation Drive and the Los Angeles Mexican Community |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pacific-historical-review_1973-05_42_2/page/205 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |date=May 1973 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=205–219 |jstor=3638467|ref={{SfnRef|Hoffman 1973}}|doi=10.2307/3638467 }} * {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Kevin|url=http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1147&context=plr|title=The Forgotten Repatriation of Persons of Mexican Ancestry and Lessons for the War on Terror|date=Fall 2005|journal=Pace Law Review|issue=1|volume=26|pages=1–26|ref={{SfnRef|Johnson 2005}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Jeansonne |first1=Glen |title=Herbert Hoover: A Life |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverlif0000jean |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9781101991008 |ref={{SfnRef|Jeansonne 2016}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kaufman |first1=Bruce E. |title=Wage Theory, New Deal Labor Policy, and the Great Depression: Were Government and Unions to Blame? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_industrial-labor-relations-review_2012-07_65_3/page/n38 |journal= Industrial and Labor Relations Review |date=2012 |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=501–532 |jstor=24368882 |ref=|hdl=10072/48703 |doi=10.1177/001979391206500302 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite book|last1=Kennedy|first1=David M.|title=Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945|date=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195038347|ref=|url=https://archive.org/details/freedomfromfeara00kenn}} * {{Cite book|ref=|first=John Maynard|last=Keynes|author-link=John Maynard Keynes|title=The Economic Consequences of the Peace|publisher=Harcourt Brace and Howe|year=1919|lastauthoramp=y}} * {{cite book |last1=Leuchtenburg |first1=William E. |title=Herbert Hoover |date=2009 |publisher=Times Books (Henry Holt and Company) |isbn=978-0-8050-6958-7 |ref={{SfnRef|Leuchtenburg 2009}} |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthoover00leuc }} * {{cite journal |last1=Leuchtenburg |first1=William E. |title=The Wrong Man at the Wrong Time |journal=American Heritage |date=Summer 2009 |volume=59 |issue=2 |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/wrong-man-wrong-time?page=show |ref={{SfnRef|Leuchtenburg 2009b}}}} * {{Cite book |last=McCoy |first=Donald R. |title=Calvin Coolidge: The Quiet President |url=https://archive.org/details/calvincoolidgequ00mcco |publisher=Macmillan |year=1967 |isbn=978-1468017779 |ref=}} * {{cite book |last=Nash |first=George H. |title=The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer 1874–1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofherberthoo0001nash |url-access=registration |publisher=W W Norton |year=1983 |isbn= 978-0393016345 |ref=}} Book 1 in The Life of Herbert Hoover Series. * {{cite journal |last1=O'Brien |first1=Patrick G. |last2=Rosen |first2=Philip T. |title=Hoover and the Historians: the Resurrection of a President |journal=The Annals of Iowa |date=1981 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=83–99 |url=http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8816&context=annals-of-iowa |doi=10.17077/0003-4827.8816 |doi-access=free |ref=none |access-date=2020-06-01 |archive-date=2020-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108003016/https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8816&context=annals-of-iowa |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal |last1=Olson |first1=James S. |title=Gifford Pinchot and the Politics of Hunger, 1932–1933 |journal=Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |date=October 1972 |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=508–520 |jstor=20090681 |ref={{SfnRef|Olson 1972}}|url=https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/view/42893 }} * {{cite book |last=Rappleye |title=Herbert Hoover in the White House: The Ordeal of the Presidency |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverinw0000char |year=2016 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-4869-0 |ref=}} * {{cite book |last1=Whyte |first1=Kenneth |title=Hoover: An Extraordinary Life in Extraordinary Times |url=https://archive.org/details/hooverextraordin0000whyt |date=2017 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0307597960|ref={{SfnRef|Whyte 2017}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Joan Hoff |title=Herbert Hoover, Forgotten Progressive |url=https://archive.org/details/herberthooverfor0000unse |publisher=Little, Brown |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-316-94416-8 |ref=}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{اساس|Bibliography of Herbert Hoover}} ===بیوقرافی=== {{Refbegin|2}} * Best, Gary Dean. ''The Politics of American Individualism: Herbert Hoover in Transition, 1918–1921'' (1975) * Best, Gary Dean. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Keeper of the Torch, 1933–1964.'' Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. * Clements, Kendrick A. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Imperfect Visionary, 1918–1928'' (2010). * Edwards, Barry C. "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive?" ''Congress & the Presidency'' 41#1 (2014) pp 49–83 [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.720.8853&rep=rep1&type=pdf online] * Hatfield, Mark. ed. ''Herbert Hoover Reassessed'' (2002) * {{Citation| last = Hawley | first = Ellis | title = Herbert Hoover and the Historians | year = 1989|ref=none}}. * Jeansonne, Glen. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Fighting Quaker, 1928–1933.'' Palgrave Macmillan; 2012. * Lloyd, Craig. ''Aggressive Introvert: A Study of Herbert Hoover and Public Relations Management, 1912–1932'' (1973). * [[George H. Nash|Nash, George H.]] ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer 1874–1914'' (1983); in-depth scholarly study ** {{Citation| last = Nash | author-mask = 4 | series = The Life of Herbert Hoover | title = The Humanitarian, 1914–1917 | year = 1988 | volume = 2|ref=none}}. ** {{Citation| last = Nash | author-mask = 4 | series = The Life of Herbert Hoover | title = Master of Emergencies, 1917–1918 | year = 1996 | volume = 3|ref=none}}. * Nash, Lee, ed. ''Understanding Herbert Hoover: Ten Perspectives'' (1987); essays by scholars * Smith, Richard Norton. ''An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover'', (1987), biography concentrating on post 1932. * Walch, Timothy. ed. ''Uncommon Americans: The Lives and Legacies of Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover'' Praeger, 2003. * West, Hal Elliott. ''Hoover, the Fishing President: Portrait of the Man and his Life Outdoors'' (2005). {{Refend}} ===Scholarly studies=== {{Refbegin|2}} * Arnold, Peri E. "The 'Great Engineer' as Administrator: Herbert Hoover and Modern Bureaucracy." ''Review of Politics'' 42.3 (1980): 329-348. {{jstor|1406794}}. * Barber, William J. ''From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, 1921–1933''. (1985) * {{BBKL|h/hoover_h_c|band=30|autor=Claus Bernet|artikel=Hoover, Herbert|spalten=644–653|ref=none}} * Brandes, Joseph. ''Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy: Department of Commerce Policy, 1921-1928.'' (U of Pittsburgh Press, 1970). * Britten, Thomas A. "Hoover and the Indians: the Case for Continuity in Federal Indian Policy, 1900–1933" ''Historian'' 1999 '''61'''(3): 518–538. {{ISSN|0018-2370}}. * Clements, Kendrick A. ''Hoover, Conservation, and Consumerism: Engineering the Good Life''. University Press of Kansas, 2000 * Dodge, Mark M., ed. ''Herbert Hoover and the Historians''. (1989) * Fausold Martin L. and George Mazuzan, eds. ''The Hoover Presidency: A Reappraisal'' (1974) * Goodman, Mark, and Mark Gring. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Gring/publication/236816005_The_Radio_Act_of_1927_Progressive_Ideology_Epistemology_and_Praxis/links/5663a34008ae192bbf8ef2c3.pdf "The Radio Act of 1927: progressive ideology, epistemology, and praxis"]. ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 3.3 (2000): 397–418. * Hawley, Ellis. [http://www.trinityhistory.org/AmH/Hawley-Hoover.pdf "Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an 'Associative State', 1921–1928"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110012508/http://www.trinityhistory.org/AmH/Hawley-Hoover.pdf |date=2021-01-10 }}. ''Journal of American History'', (June 1974) 61#1: 116–140. * {{Citation|last=Houck|first=Davis W.|title=Rhetoric as Currency: Herbert Hoover and the 1929 Stock Market Crash|journal=Rhetoric & Public Affairs : R&pa|publisher=Rhetoric & Public Affairs|date=2000|volume=3|issue=2|pp=155–181|issn=1094-8392}} * Jansky Jr, C. M. "The contribution of Herbert Hoover to broadcasting." ''Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media'' 1.3 (1957): 241-249. * Lee, David D. "Herbert Hoover and the Development of Commercial Aviation, 1921–1926." ''Business History Review'' 58.1 (1984): 78-102. * Lichtman, Allan J. ''Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928'' (1979) * Lisio, Donald J. ''The President and Protest: Hoover, MacArthur, and the Bonus Riot'', 2d ed. (1994) * Lisio, Donald J. ''Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-whites: A Study of Southern Strategies'' (1985) * Parafianowicz,Halina. [https://www.e-ir.info/2019/03/17/herbert-c-hoover-and-poland-1929-1933-between-myth-and-reality 'Herbert C. Hoover and Poland: 1919–1933. Between Myth and Reality'] * Polsky, Andrew J., and Olesya Tkacheva. "Legacies Versus Politics: Herbert Hoover, Partisan Conflict, and the Symbolic Appeal of Associationalism in the 1920s." ''International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society'' 16.2 (2002): 207-235. [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/43975/10767_2004_Article_452810.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y online] * Short, Brant. "The Rhetoric of the Post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover's Campaign against the New Deal, 1934-1936" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (1991) 21#2 pp.&nbsp;333–350 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27550722 online] * Sibley, Katherine A.S., ed. ''A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover'' (2014); 616pp; essays by scholars stressing historiography * Wueschner, Silvano A. ''Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917–1927''. Greenwood, 1999 {{Refend}} ===Primary sources=== {{Refbegin|2}} * Myers, William Starr; Walter H. Newton, eds. (1936). ''The Hoover Administration; a documented narrative''. * Hawley, Ellis, ed. (1974–1977). ''Herbert Hoover: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President'', 4 vols. * {{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Herbert Clark | title = The Challenge to Liberty | year = 1934 |ref=none}}. * {{Citation|last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | title = Addresses Upon The American Road, 1933–1938 | year = 1938|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | title = Addresses Upon The American Road, 1940–41 | year = 1941|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last1 = Hoover | first1 = Herbert Clark | title = The Problems of Lasting Peace | first2 = Hugh | last2 = and Gibson | year = 1942 | author-mask = 8|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | title = Addresses Upon The American Road, 1945–48 | year = 1949|ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | series = Memoirs | place = New York | volume = Volume 1 | title = Years of adventure, 1874–1920 | url = http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V1_Full.pdf | year = 1952a | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217233059/http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V1_Full.pdf | archivedate = December 17, 2008 | df = mdy-all |ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | author-mask = 8 | series = Memoirs | place = New York | volume = 2 | title = The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920–1933 | url = http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V2_Full.pdf | year = 1952b | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217233152/http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V2_Full.pdf | archivedate = December 17, 2008 | df = mdy-all |ref=none}}. * {{Citation|last=Hoover |first=Herbert Clark |author-mask=8 |series=Memoirs |place=New York |volume=3 |title=The Great Depression, 1929–1941 |url=http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V3_Full.pdf |year=1952c |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217233238/http://www.ecommcode.com/hoover/ebooks/pdf/FULL/B1V3_Full.pdf |archivedate=December 17, 2008 |ref=none}}. * {{Citation|editor-first=Dwight M. |editor-last=Miller |editor2-first=Timothy |editor2-last=Walch |title=Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Documentary History |publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|year=1998|series=Contributions in American History|isbn=978-0-313-30608-2|ref=none}} * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | title = Freedom Betrayed: Herbert Hoover's Secret History of the Second World War and Its Aftermath | editor-first = George H. | editor-last = Nash |editor-link=George H. Nash| place = Stanford, CA| publisher = Hoover Institution Press | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-8179-1234-5 |ref=none}}. * {{Citation| last = Hoover | first = Herbert Clark | title = The Crusade Years, 1933–1955: Herbert Hoover's Lost Memoir of the New Deal Era and Its Aftermath | editor-first = George H. | editor-last = Nash |editor-link=George H. Nash| place = Stanford, CA| publisher = Hoover Institution Press | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-0-8179-1674-9 |ref=none}}. {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * {{Gutenberg author|id=1662}} * {{C-SPAN|herberthoover}} * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/herberthoover White House biography] * [https://www.hoover.archives.gov/ Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528160601/https://hoover.archives.gov/ |date=2020-05-28 }} * [http://www.nps.gov/heho/ Herbert Hoover National Historic Site], [[National Park Service]] * {{New York Times topic|people/h/herbert_clark_hoover}} * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Hoover,_Herbert_Clark}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/008163}} {{Herbert Hoover}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{S-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=Director of the [[United States Food Administration]]|years=1917–1918}} {{S-non|reason=Position abolished}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[جاشوا دبلیو. آلزاندر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[United States Secretary of Commerce]]|years=1921–1928}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام اف. ویتینق]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1929–1933}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1928 United States presidential election|1928]], [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[آلف لاندون]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[Aristide Briand]]}} {{S-ttl|rows=2|title=[[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)|Cover of ''Time'']]|years=November 16, 1925}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[جیفورد پینچوت]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Paul Painlevé]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان کالوین کولیج]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1933–1964}} {{S-aft|after=[[هری ترومن]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Douglas MacArthur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[lying in state|lain in state or honor]] in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1964}} {{S-aft|after=[[دوایت آیزنهاور]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Herbert Hoover |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{USSecCommerce}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{Harding cabinet}} {{Coolidge cabinet}} {{Hoover cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1920}} {{United States presidential election, 1928}} {{United States presidential election, 1932}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1920s|Conservatism|Geology|Politics|Iowa|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۸۷۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۴-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:اوسترالیاداکی آمریکالی غوربتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:چینده‌کی آمریکالی غوربتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی ژئولوژیستلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاسی یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:نیوبرق، اورقن دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:استنفورد، کالیفورنیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:وست برنچ، آیووا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آیووا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:نیویورک دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] ara5xbrbxnzwyfb4bi2lojz5dskyueu 0 19179 1590741 1569493 2026-07-15T10:59:11Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|34th president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959.jpg | office = 34th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[ریچارد نیکسون]] | term_start = January 20, 1953 | term_end = January 20, 1961 | predecessor = [[هری ترومن]] | successor = [[جان اف. کندی]] | office2 = 1st [[Supreme Allied Commander Europe]] | president2 = Harry S. Truman | deputy2 = [[Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder|Arthur Tedder]] | term_start2 = April 2, 1951 | term_end2 = May 30, 1952 | predecessor2 = Position established | successor2 = [[ماتیو ریدقوای]] | office3 = 16th [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Chief of Staff of the Army]] | president3 = Harry S. Truman | deputy3 = [[J. Lawton Collins]] | term_start3 = November 19, 1945 | term_end3 = February 6, 1948 | predecessor3 = [[جرج مارشال]] | successor3 = [[Omar Bradley]] | office4 = [[ایشغال آلمانی]] | president4 = Harry S. Truman | term_start4 = May 8, 1945 | term_end4 = November 10, 1945 | predecessor4 = Position established | successor4 = [[George S. Patton]] (''acting'') | office5 = 13th [[کولمبیا بیلیم‌یوردو]] | term_start5 = June 7, 1948 | term_end5 = January 19, 1953 | predecessor5 = [[Frank D. Fackenthal]] (''acting'') | successor5 = [[Grayson L. Kirk]] | birth_name = David Dwight Eisenhower | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1890|10|14}} | birth_place = [[دنیسون، تکزاس]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1969|3|28|1890|10|14}} | death_place = [[واشینقتن، دی.سی.]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[میمی آیزنهاور]]|July 1, 1916}} | children = {{Hlist|[[Doud Eisenhower|Doud]]|[[جان ایسنهوور]]}} | parents = David Jacob Eisenhower<br>[[Ida Stover Eisenhower|Ida Stover]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | education = [[United States Military Academy]] (BS) | signature = Dwight Eisenhower Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink <!--Military service-->| nickname = | branch = {{Army|United States}} | serviceyears = 1915–1953<br />1961–1969<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eisenhower.utexas.edu/all_about_ike/post_presidential.html |title=The Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum Homepage |publisher=Eisenhower.utexas.edu |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023053144/http://www.eisenhower.utexas.edu/all_about_ike/post_presidential.html |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archivedate=2013-10-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023053144/http://www.eisenhower.utexas.edu/all_about_ike/post_presidential.html }}</ref> | rank = [[File:US-O11_insignia.svg|25px]] [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] | battles = [[بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی]]<br />[[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]] | mawards = [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Army Distinguished Service Medal]] (5)<br />[[Distinguished Service Medal (United States Navy)|Navy Distinguished Service Medal]]<br />[[Legion of Merit]]<br />[[#Awards and decorations|Full list]] | module = {{Listen | embed=yes |filename = Dwight D. Eisenhower's first Inaugural Address, 1953-01-20.ogg |title = Eisenhower's voice |type = speech |description = [[First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight D. Eisenhower's first Inaugural Address, January 20, 1953]]}} | relations = [[Edgar N. Eisenhower]] (brother)<br>[[Milton S. Eisenhower]] (brother)<br>[[Earl D. Eisenhower]] (brother) | native_name = {{Nobold|Dwight D. Eisenhower}} }} [[فایل:Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959.jpg|بندانگشتی|دوایت آیزنهاور]] ''' دوایت آیزنهاور''' {{اینگیلیسجه|Dwight D. Eisenhower}} - (دوغوم:۱۸۹۰،اؤلوم:۱۹۶۹) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۴اونجو جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۵۳دن ۱۹۶۱ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق|25em}} == کیتابی تانیتیمی == {{اساس|Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower}} {{Refbegin|2}} === General biographies === * {{Cite book|first=Stephen|last=Ambrose|title=Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect (1893–1952) |volume=I |location=New York |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=1983 |author-link=Stephen E. Ambrose |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|first=Stephen|last=Ambrose|title=Eisenhower: The President (1952–1969) |volume=II|location=New York|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=1984 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|first=Peter G.|last=Boyle|title=Eisenhower|url=https://archive.org/details/eisenhower0000boyl|publisher=Pearson/Longman|year=2005|isbn=0582287200|oclc=55665502|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|first=Carlo|last=D'Este|authorlink=Carlo D'Este|title=Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life|year=2002|ref=harv|isbn=0805056866|url=https://archive.org/details/eisenhowersoldie00dest}} * Krieg, Joann P. ed. (1987). ''Dwight D. Eisenhower, Soldier, President, Statesman''. 24 essays by scholars. {{ISBN|0313259550}} * {{Cite book|first=Jim|last=Newton|title=Eisenhower: The White House Years|year=2011|publisher=Doubleday|ref=harv|isbn=978-0-385-52353-0|url=https://archive.org/details/eisenhowerwhiteh00newt}} * {{Cite book|first=Herbert S.|last=Parmet|title=Eisenhower and the American Crusades|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780025947900|year=1972|ref=harv|oclc=482017}} * {{Cite book|first=Jean Edward|last=Smith|title=Eisenhower in War and Peace|url=https://archive.org/details/eisenhowerinwarp0000smit|publisher=Random House|year=2012|ref=harv|isbn=978-1400066933}} * {{Cite book|first=Tom|last=Wicker|title=Dwight D. Eisenhower|publisher=Times Books|year=2002|ref=harv|isbn=0805069070|oclc=49893871|url=https://archive.org/details/rutherfordbhayes00tref}} === Military career === * {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9zBvoVavjQC |title = The Supreme Commander|isbn = 9780307946638|last1 = Ambrose|first1 = Stephen E.|date = January 17, 2012}} * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/victorseisenhowe00step |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Simon & Schuster |title=The Victors: Eisenhower and His Boys the Men of World War II |isbn=9780684864549 |last=Ambrose |first=Stephen E. |date=July 15, 1999 }} * Eisenhower, David (1986). ''Eisenhower at War 1943–1945'', New York : Random House. {{ISBN|0394412370}}. A detailed study by his grandson. * Eisenhower, John S. D. (2003). ''General Ike'', Free Press, New York. {{ISBN|0743244745}} * {{cite book|last=Hobbs|first=Joseph Patrick|title=Dear General: Eisenhower's Wartime Letters to Marshall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3O5-bYg1g28C |date=1999|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore |ref=harv |isbn=0801862191}} * Irish, Kerry E. "Apt Pupil: Dwight Eisenhower and the 1930 Industrial Mobilization Plan", ''The Journal of Military History'' 70.1 (2006) 31–61 online in Project Muse. * {{Cite book|last=Jordan|first=Jonathan W.|title=Brothers Rivals Victors: Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley, and the Partnership that Drove the Allied Conquest in Europe|publisher=NAL/Caliber|date=2011|isbn=978-0451232120|oclc=617565184|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/brothersrivalsvi0000jord}} * {{Cite book|last=Jordan|first=Jonathan W. |title=American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II|publisher = NAL/Caliber|date=2015|isbn = 978-0451414571 |oclc= 892458610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qeSoBAAAQBAJ }} * {{Cite book|last=Pogue |first=Forrest C.|title= The Supreme Command|url=https://archive.org/details/supremecommand00pogu_0 |publisher = [[Office of the Chief of Military History]], Dept. of the Army|date=1954|isbn = |oclc= 1247005}} * {{Cite book|last= Weigley|first=Russell|title= Eisenhower's Lieutenants: the Campaign of France and Germany, 1944–1945|publisher = Indiana University Press |year=1981 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W12mDwAAQBAJ |isbn=0253133335 |oclc= 6863111}} === Civilian career === * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/wagingpeacehowei00robe |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |title=Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy |isbn=9780199879083 |last1=Bowie |first1=Robert R. |author1-link=Robert R. Bowie |last2=Immerman |first2=Richard H. |author2-link=Richard H. Immerman |date=February 12, 1998 }} * {{cite book |last=Chernus |first=Ira |authorlink=Ira Chernus |title=Apocalypse Management: Eisenhower and the Discourse of National Insecurity|url=https://archive.org/details/apocalypsemanage0000cher | year=2008 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0804758079 |oclc=105454244 |doi=}} * Damms, Richard V. (2002). ''The Eisenhower Presidency, 1953–1961'' * David Paul T., ed. (1954). ''Presidential Nominating Politics in 1952''. 5 vols., Johns Hopkins Press. {{OCLC|519846}} * Divine, Robert A. (1981). ''Eisenhower and the Cold War''. * Gellman, Irwin F. (2015). ''The President and the Apprentice: Eisenhower and Nixon, 1952–1961.'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0300181050}} {{OCLC|910504324}} * [[Fred Greenstein|Greenstein, Fred I.]] (1991). ''The Hidden-Hand Presidency: Eisenhower as Leader''. Basic Books. {{ISBN|0465029485}} {{OCLC|8765635}} * Harris, Douglas B. "Dwight Eisenhower and the New Deal: The Politics of Preemption", ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'', Vol. 27, 1997. * Harris, Seymour E. (1962). ''The Economics of the Political Parties, with Special Attention to Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy''. {{OCLC|174566}} * Lasby, Clarence G. ''Eisenhower's Heart Attack: How Ike Beat Heart Disease and Held on to the Presidency'' (1997) * Medhurst, Martin J. (1993). ''Dwight D. Eisenhower: Strategic Communicator.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|0313261407}} {{OCLC|26764309}} * Mayer, Michael S. (2009). ''The Eisenhower Years'' Facts on File. {{ISBN|0816053871}} * Newton, Jim. (2011) ''Eisenhower: The White House Years'' {{ISBN|978-0385523530}} {{OCLC|694394274}} * Pach, Chester J., and Richardson, Elmo (1991). ''Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower''. University Press of Kansas. {{ISBN|0700604367}} {{OCLC|22307949}} * {{cite book |last=Pickett |first=William B. |authorlink=William B. Pickett |title=Eisenhower Decides to Run: Presidential Politics and Cold War Strategy |publisher=Ivan R. Dee |location=Chicago |year=2000 |pages= |isbn=1-56-663787-2 |oclc= 43953970|doi=|title-link=Eisenhower Decides To Run }} * {{cite book |last=Pickett |first=William B. |authorlink=William B. Pickett |title= Dwight David Eisenhower and American Power|publisher=Harlan Davidson |location=Wheeling, Ill. |year=1995 |pages= |isbn=0-88-295918-2 |oclc=31206927 |doi=|title-link=Dwight David Eisenhower and American Power }} * Watry, David M. (2014). ''Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill and Eden in the Cold War.'' Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. === Primary sources === * Boyle, Peter G., ed. (1990). ''The Churchill–Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953–1955''. University of North Carolina Press. * Boyle, Peter G., ed. (2005). ''The Eden–Eisenhower correspondence, 1955–1957''. University of North Carolina Press. {{ISBN|0807829358}} * Butcher, Harry C. (1946). ''My Three Years With Eisenhower The Personal Diary of Captain Harry C. Butcher, USNR'', candid memoir by a top aide * Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1948). ''[[Crusade in Europe]]'', his war memoirs. * {{Cite book|first=Dwight D.|last=Eisenhower|title=Mandate for Change, 1953–1956|url=https://archive.org/details/mandateforchange0000eise|year=1963|ref=harv}} * Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1965). ''The White House Years: Waging Peace 1956–1961'', Doubleday and Co. * ''Eisenhower Papers'' 21-volume scholarly edition; complete for 1940–1961. * Summersby, Kay (1948). ''Eisenhower was My Boss'', New York: Prentice Hall; (1949) Dell paperback. {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == <!--===============================================================================--> <!--| WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS. Only a limited number of new links |--> <!--| should be added to this article. Consider adding links to the appropriate |--> <!--| category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org) and link back to that |--> <!--| category using the {{Curlie}} template. |--> <!--| See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for further details |--> <!--===============================================================================--> * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/dwightdeisenhower White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121021705/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/dwightdeisenhower |date=2017-01-21 }} * [https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/ Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum] * [http://www.nps.gov/eise/index.htm Eisenhower National Historic Site] * [https://vault.fbi.gov/dwight-david-ike-eisenhower FBI Records: The Vault&nbsp;– Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower] * [http://eisenhowerfoundation.net/ Eisenhower Foundation] * [https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/all_about_ike/speeches.html Major speeches of Dwight Eisenhower] * {{New York Times topic|people/e/dwight_david_eisenhower}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/eisenhower/index.html Dwight D. Eisenhower: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * [http://millercenter.org/president/eisenhower Extensive essays on Dwight Eisenhower] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151630-1/life-portrait-dwight-d-eisenhower "Life Portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', October 25, 1999 * {{Gutenberg author| id=Eisenhower,+Dwight+D.+(Dwight+David) | name=Dwight D. Eisenhower}} * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Eisenhower}} * {{C-SPAN|dwighteisenhower}} {{Dwight D. Eisenhower}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{S-bef|before=[[James Chaney (soldier)|James Chaney]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Commanding General of the [[United States Army Europe]]|years=1942–1943}} {{S-aft|after=[[Frank Maxwell Andrews]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Jacob L. Devers]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Commanding General of the [[United States Army Europe]]|years=1944–1945}} {{S-aft|after=[[Joseph T. McNarney]]}} {{S-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=[[ایشغال آلمانی]]|years=1945}} {{S-aft|after=[[George S. Patton]]<br />Acting}} {{S-bef|before=[[جرج مارشال]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chief of Staff of the United States Army]]|years=1945–1948}} {{S-aft|after=[[Omar Bradley]]}} {{S-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Supreme Allied Commander Europe]]|years=1951–1952}} {{S-aft|after=[[ماتیو ریدقوای]]}} {{s-aca}} {{S-bef|before=[[Frank D. Fackenthal]]<br />Acting}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Presidents of Columbia University|President of Columbia University]]|years=1948–1953}} {{S-aft|after=[[Grayson L. Kirk]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[توماس دیویی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1952 United States presidential election|1952]], [[1956 United States presidential election|1956]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[هری ترومن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1953–1961}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان اف. کندی]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[هربرت هوور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=People who have [[lying in state|lain in state or honor]] in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1969}} {{S-aft|after=[[اورت دیرکسن]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Articles related to Dwight D. Eisenhower |list1= {{St. Mary's Rattlers football coach navbox}} {{US Army Chiefs of Staff}} {{SACEUR}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Eisenhower cabinet}} {{Columbia University presidents}} {{United States presidential election, 1952}} {{United States presidential election, 1956}} {{NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی|state1=uncollapsed|state2=uncollapsed}} {{Philippine Legion of Honor recipients}} {{Order of Sikatuna recipients}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1950s|Kansas|Texas|Politics|World War I|World War II|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:دوایت آیزنهاور]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۹۰-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۹-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:کانزاس جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:نیویورک جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:پنسیلوانیا جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ابیلین، کانزاس دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:دنیسون، تکزاس دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:قتیزبرق، پنسیلوانیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:کانزاس دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:پنسیلوانیا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی]] 01gk05w0k94ulrjy788x60n917s93m4 0 19181 1590631 1578764 2026-07-15T06:48:56Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|33rd president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = TRUMAN 58-766-06 (cropped).jpg | caption = President Harry S. Truman (c.1947) | order = 33rd | office = President of the United States | term_start = April 12, 1945 | term_end = January 20, 1953 | vicepresident = ''None'' (1945–1949){{Efn|Truman was Vice President under [[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]] and became President upon Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}<br />{{Nowrap|[[آلبن دابلیو. بارکلی]] (1949–1953)}} | predecessor = [[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]] | successor = [[دوایت آیزنهاور]] | office2 = 34th [[Vice President of the United States]] | predecessor2 = [[هنری والاس]] | president2 = [[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]] | successor2 = [[آلبن دابلیو. بارکلی]] | term_start2 = January 20, 1945 | term_end2 = April 12, 1945 | jr/sr3 = United States Senator | state3 = [[میزوری ایالتی]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1935 | term_end3 = January 17, 1945 | predecessor3 = [[راسکوو سی. پترسون]] | successor3 = [[فرانک پی. بریقس]] | office4 = [[List of county executives of Jackson County, Missouri|Presiding Judge of Jackson County, Missouri]] | term_start4 = January 1, 1927{{Sfn| Ferrell |1994|p=108}} | term_end4 = January 1, 1935{{Sfn| Ferrell |1994|p=108}} | predecessor4 = Elihu W. Hayes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jacksongov.org/595/County-Judges-1923---1972 |title=County Judges 1923-1972 |date=2018 |website=County History: County Judges |publisher=Jackson County, Missouri |location=Kansas City, MO |access-date=April 20, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|"County Judges 1923-1972"}} |accessdate=2020-06-03 |archivedate=2020-09-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920231556/https://www.jacksongov.org/595/County-Judges-1923---1972 }}</ref> | successor4 = Eugene I. Purcell{{Sfn|"County Judges 1923-1972"}} | office5 = Judge of Jackson County, Missouri's Eastern District | term_start5 = January 1, 1923{{Sfn| Ferrell |1994|p=99}} | term_end5 = January 1, 1925{{Sfn| Ferrell |1994|p=99}} | predecessor5 = James E. Gilday<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jacksongov.org/592/County-Judges-1826---1922 |title=County Judges 1826-1922 |date=2018 |website=County History: County Judges |publisher=Jackson County, Missouri |location=Kansas City, MO |access-date=April 20, 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|"County Judges 1826-1922"}} |accessdate=2020-06-03 |archivedate=2020-09-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930225404/https://www.jacksongov.org/592/County-Judges-1826---1922 }}</ref> | successor5 = Henry Rummel{{Sfn|"County Judges 1923-1972"}} | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1884|5|8}} | birth_place = [[لامار، میزوری]], U.S. | death_date = {{Nowrap|{{death date and age|1972|12|26|1884|5|8}}}} | death_place = [[کانزاس‌سیتی]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum]],<br />[[ایندیپندنس، میزوری]], U.S. | parents = {{Plainlist| * John Anderson Truman * [[Martha Ellen Young]] }} | spouse = {{Marriage|[[بس ترومن]]|June 28, 1919}} | children = [[Margaret Truman|Margaret]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | education = Spalding's Commercial College<br />[[University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law|UMKC School of Law]] (withdrew) | signature = Harry S Truman Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | branch = <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not add the Army flag adopted by the U.S. government in 1956 (37 years after Truman's discharge from active service) as it would be historically inaccurate. Thank you. -->{{Unbulleted list|[[Missouri National Guard]]|[[United States Army]]|[[United States Army Reserve]]}} | serviceyears = {{Unbulleted list|1905–1911 (National Guard)|1917–1919 (active)|1920–1953 (reserve)}} | rank = {{Unbulleted list|[[File:WW1-Corporal.svg|18px]] [[Corporal]] {{Nowrap|(National Guard)}}<!-- EDITORS NOTE: Truman saw initial service as an enlisted man in the peace-time Missouri National Guard and was honorably discharged on June 14, 1911, as a corporal. -->|[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|18px]] [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] (active)<!-- EDITORS NOTE: On May 6, 1919, Truman was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army as a captain. -->|[[File:Colonel insignia.png|28px]] [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] (reserve)}} | commands = {{Unbulleted list|Battery D, [[129th Field Artillery Regiment|129th Field Artillery]], [[35th Infantry Division (United States)|35th Division]]|1st Battalion, 379th Field Artillery, [[102nd Infantry Division (United States)|102d Infantry Division]]|379th Field Artillery, 102d Infantry Division}} | battles = [[بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی]] * [[سنت میهیل دؤیوشو]] * [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive|Meuse-Argonne]] * [[Western Front (World War I)|Defensive Sector]] | mawards = {{Unbulleted list|[[File:World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory Medal]]|[[File:Armed Forces Reserve Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Armed Forces Reserve Medal]] (2)}}<!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not change military awards without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Harry S. Truman]]. Thank you. --> | native_name = {{Nobold|Harry S. Truman}} }} [[فایل:Harry S Truman - NARA - 530677 (2).jpg|بندانگشتی|هری اس ترومن]] ''' هری اس ترومن''' {{اینگیلیسجه| '''Harry S. Truman'''}} (دوغوم:۱۸۸۴،اؤلوم:۱۹۷۲) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۳اونجو جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۴۵دن ۱۹۵۳قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. == نوتلار == {{Notelist|45em}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق|30em|refs = <ref name="nevins">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McCullough|1992|p=949}}; quoting {{Harvard citation no brackets|Nevins|1955}}.</ref> }} == کیتاب تانیتیمی == {{اساس|Bibliography of Harry S. Truman|Presidency of Harry S. Truman}} <!--=====================================================================================-- ----| All of the entries in this list are linked from the Notes section. |-- ----| If you delete an entry here, you MUST also delete the matching in-text reference. |-- ----| Works that are not used as sources should be added to the bibliography article. |-- ----=====================================================================================--> === Biographies of Truman === * {{cite book | last = Burnes | first = Brian | year = 2003 | title = Harry S. Truman: His Life and Times | url = https://archive.org/details/harrystrumanhisl0000bria | publisher = Kansas City Star Books | location = Kansas City, MO | isbn = 978-0-9740009-3-0 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Dallek | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Dallek | year = 2008 | title = Harry S. Truman | publisher = Times Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8050-6938-9 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/harrystruman00dall }} * {{cite book | last = Daniels | first = Jonathan | authorlink = Jonathan W. Daniels | year = 1998 | title = The Man of Independence | publisher = University of Missouri Press | isbn = 0-8262-1190-9 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Donovan | first = Robert J. | authorlink = Robert J. Donovan | year = 1983 | title = Tumultuous Years: 1949–1953 | publisher = W. W. Norton | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-393-01619-2 | ref = harv | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/tumultuousyearsp0000dono_n2q0 }} * {{cite book |last=Ferrell |first=Robert H. |date=1994 |title=Harry S. Truman: A Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UXSMj3OF4oC&pg=PA25 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=978-0-8262-1050-0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book | editor-last = Hamby | editor-first = Alonzo L. | year = 1974 | title = Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal | publisher = D. C. Heath & Co | location = Lexington, [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-669-87080-0 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/harrystrumanf00hamb }} * {{cite book | last = Hamby | first = Alonzo L. | year = 1995 | title = Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman | url = https://archive.org/details/manofpeoplelifeo0000hamb | url-access = registration | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-504546-8 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Judis | first = John B. | year = 2014 | title = Genesis: Truman, American Jews, and the Origins of the Arab/Israeli Conflict | url = https://archive.org/details/genesistrumaname0000judi | publisher = Farrar, Straus & Giroux | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-374-16109-5}} * {{cite book | last = Freeland | first = Richard M. | authorlink = Richard M. Freeland | year = 1970 | title = The Truman Doctrine and the Origins of McCarthyism | location = New York | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | isbn = 978-0-8147-2576-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Giglio | first = James N. | year = 2001 | title = Truman in Cartoon and Caricature | url = https://archive.org/details/trumanincartoonc00gigl | location = Kirksville, Missouri | publisher = Truman State University Press | isbn = 978-0-8138-1806-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kirkendall | first = Richard S. | year = 1989 | title = Harry S. Truman Encyclopedia | location = Boston | publisher = G. K. Hall Publishing | isbn = 978-0-8161-8915-1 | ref = harv | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/harrystrumanency0000unse }} * {{cite book | last = McCoy | first = Donald R. | year = 1984 | title = The Presidency of Harry S. Truman | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, [[کانزاس ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-7006-0252-0 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/presidencyofharr0000mcco }} * {{cite book | last = McCullough | first = David | authorlink = David McCullough | year = 1992 | title = Truman | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-86920-5 | ref = harv| title-link = Truman (book) }} * Margolies, Daniel S. ed. ''A Companion to Harry S. Truman ''(2012); 614pp; emphasis on historiography; see Sean J. Savage, "Truman in Historical, Popular, and Political Memory," pp 9–25. [https://www.amazon.com/Companion-Harry-S-Truman/dp/1444331418/ excerpt] * {{cite book | last = Miller | first = Merle | authorlink = Merle Miller | year = 1974 | title = Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman | publisher = Putnam Publishing | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-399-11261-4 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/plainspeakingora00mill }} * {{cite book | last = Mitchell | first = Franklin D. | year = 1998 | title = Harry S. Truman and the News Media: Contentious Relations, Belated Respect | publisher = University of Missouri Press | location = Columbia, [[میزوری ایالتی]] | url =https://archive.org/details/harrystrumannews00mitc | url-access = registration | isbn = 0-8262-1180-1 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Oshinsky | first = David M. | authorlink = David Oshinsky | year = 2004 | editor1-last = Brinkley | editor1-first = Alan | editor2-last = Dyer | editor2-first = Davis | title = The American Presidency | url = https://archive.org/details/americanpresiden0000unse_v5w1 | chapter = Harry Truman | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-618-38273-6 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Pietrusza | first = David | authorlink = David Pietrusza | year = 2011 | title = 1948: Harry Truman's Improbable Victory and the Year That Transformed America | url = https://archive.org/details/1948harrytrumans0000piet_u0v1 | publisher = Union Square Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-4027-6748-7 | ref = harv}} === کیتابلار === * {{cite book | last = Ambrose | first = Stephen E. | authorlink = Stephen Ambrose | year = 1983 | title = Eisenhower: 1890–1952 | url = https://archive.org/details/eisenhower00ambr | url-access = registration | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-44069-5 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last1 = Binning | first1 = William C. | last2= Esterly | first2 = Larry E. | last3 = Sracic | first3 = Paul A. | author3-link = Paul Sracic | year = 1999 | title = Encyclopedia of American Parties, Campaigns, and Elections | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000binn | url-access = registration | publisher = Greenwood | location = Westport, [[کانتیکت ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-8131-1755-3 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Chambers II | first = John W. | year = 1999 | title = The Oxford Companion to American Military History | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | isbn = 0-19-507198-0 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00cham }} * {{cite book | last1 = Cohen | first1 = Eliot A. | authorlink = Eliot A. Cohen | last2 = Gooch | first2 = John | year = 2006 | title = Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War | url = https://archive.org/details/militarymisfortu0000cohe_s7d9 | publisher = Free Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-8082-2 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last1 = Current | first1 = Richard Nelson | year = 1971 |last2=Freidel |first2=Frank Burt |last3=Williams |first3=Thomas Harry | title = American History: A Survey |volume=II | publisher = Knopf | location = New York | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | editor1-last = Eakin | editor1-first = Joanne C. | editor2-last = Hale | editor2-first = Donald R. | year = 1995 | title = Branded as Rebels | publisher = University of Wisconsin Press | location = Madison, [[ویسکانسین ایالتی]] | asin = B003GWL8J6 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Eisler | first = Kim Isaac | year = 1993 | title = A Justice for All: William J. Brennan, Jr., and the Decisions that Transformed America | url = https://archive.org/details/justiceforallwil00eisl | url-access = registration | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-76787-7 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Evans | first = M. Stanton | year = 2007 | title = Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vz42rDYmf3wC&pg=PA321 | location = New York | publisher = Crown Publishing Group | isbn = 978-0-307-23866-5 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Goodwin | first = Doris Kearns | authorlink = Doris Kearns Goodwin | year = 1994 | title = No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II | url = https://archive.org/details/noordinarytimef000good | url-access = registration | publisher = [[Simon & Schuster]] | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-64240-2 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Hamilton | first = Lee H. | authorlink = Lee H. Hamilton | year = 2009 | chapter = Relations between the President and Congress in Wartime | editor = [[James A. Thurber]] | title = Rivals for Power: Presidential–Congressional Relations | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | isbn = 978-0-7425-6142-7 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9iB24L3hyh8C&pg=PA301 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Holsti | first = Ole | authorlink = Ole Holsti | year = 1996 | title = Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy | url = https://archive.org/details/publicopinioname0000hols | publisher = The University of Michigan Press | location = Ann Arbor, [[میشیقان ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-472-06619-3 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | editor1-last = Kloetzel | editor1-first = James E. | editor2-last = Charles | editor2-first = Steve | date = April 2012 | title = Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalog | volume = 1 | publisher = Scott Publishing Co | location = Sidney, [[اوهایو ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-89487-460-4 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/scott2012standar00jame }} * {{cite book | last = Lenczowski | first = George | authorlink = George Lenczowski | year = 1990 | title = American Presidents and the Middle East | url = https://archive.org/details/americanpresiden01lenc | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham, [[شومالی کارولینا ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-8223-0972-7 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = MacGregor | first = Morris J., Jr. | year = 1981 | title = Integration of the Armed Services 1940–1965 | publisher = Center of Military History | location = Washington, D.C. | isbn = 978-0-16-001925-8 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Savage | first = Sean J. | year = 1991 | title = Roosevelt: The Party Leader, 1932–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/rooseveltpartyle0000sava | publisher = The University Press of Kentucky | location = Lexington, [[کنتاکی ایالتی]] | isbn = 978-0-8131-1755-3 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Skidmore | first = Max J. | year = 2004 | title = After the White House: Former Presidents as Private Citizens | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-312-29559-2 | edition = rev | url = https://archive.org/details/afterwhitehousef00skid | url-access = registration | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Stohl | first = Michael | authorlink = Michael Stohl | year = 1988 | title = The Politics of Terrorism | chapter = National Interest and State Terrorism | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | location = New York | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Stokesbury | first = James L. | year = 1990 | title = A Short History of the Korean War | url = https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofko00unse | publisher=Harper Perennial | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-688-09513-0 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Troy | first = Gil | year = 2008 | title = Leading from the Center: Why Moderates Make the Best Presidents | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-00293-1 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/leadingfromcente00troy }} * {{cite book | last = Weinstein | first = Allen | authorlink = Allen Weinstein | year = 1997 | title = Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case | publisher = Random House | location = New York | edition = revised | isbn = 0-679-77338-X | ref = harv | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/perjuryhisschamb0000wein }} === Primary sources === * {{cite book |last= Truman |first= Harry S. | year = 2002 |editor-last= Ferrell |editor-first= Robert H. |editor-link= Robert H. Ferrell |title= The Autobiography of Harry S. Truman |url= https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofh0000trum |publisher= University of Missouri Press |location= Columbia, Missouri |isbn = 0-8262-1445-2}} * {{cite book | last = Truman | first = Harry S. | year = 1955 | title = Memoirs: Year of Decisions | volume = 1 | publisher = Doubleday | location = Garden City, [[نیویورک ایالتی]] | ref = harv}} [https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.462682/2015.462682.The-Memoirs.pdf online] * {{cite book | last = Truman | first = Harry S. | author-mask = {{long dash}} | year = 1956 | title = Memoirs: Years of Trial and Hope | volume = 2 | publisher = Doubleday | location = Garden City, [[نیویورک ایالتی]] | ref = harv }} [https://archive.org/details/yearsoftrialandh000234mbp online v 2] * {{cite book | last = Truman | first = Margaret | authorlink = Margaret Truman | title = Harry S. Truman | url = https://archive.org/details/harrystruman001666 | url-access = registration | publisher = William Morrow | location = New York | year = 1973 | isbn = 978-0-688-00005-9 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Martin | first = Joseph William | authorlink = Joseph William Martin, Jr. | year = 1960 | title = My First Fifty Years in Politics as Told to Robert J. Donovan | publisher = McGraw-Hill | location = New York | ref = harv}} === درگیلر === * {{cite journal | journal = The Wisconsin Magazine of History | date = Autumn 1975 | editor-last = Griffith | editor-first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Griffith (historian) | title = Truman and the Historians: The Reconstruction of Postwar American history | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Wisconsin Magazine of History''|Autumn 1975}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Hamby | first = Alonzo L | title = 1948 Democratic Convention The South Secedes Again | magazine = Smithsonian | date = August 2008 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Hechler | first1 = Ken | authorlink = Ken Hechler | last2 = Elsey | first2 = George M. | authorlink2 = George Elsey | title = The Greatest Upset in American Political History: Harry Truman and the 1948 Election | journal = White House Studies | year = 2006 | issue = Winter | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Matray | first = James I. | title = Truman's Plan for Victory: National Self-determination and the Thirty-eighth Parallel Decision in Korea | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1979-09_66_2/page/314 | journal = Journal of American History | date = September 1, 1979 | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | doi = 10.2307/1900879 | issn = 0021-8723 | jstor = 1900879 | ref = harv | pages=314–333 }} * {{cite journal | last = May | first = Ernest R. | title = 1947–48: When Marshall Kept the U.S. Out of War in China | journal = The Journal of Military History | volume = 66 | year = 2002 | issue = October 2002 | pages = 1001–1010 | jstor = 3093261 | ref = harv | doi = 10.2307/3093261 | url = http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/de9b/be3fa428073b76a05fbb58739bf3279c3664.pdf | access-date = 2020-06-03 | archive-date = 2020-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200227023645/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/de9b/be3fa428073b76a05fbb58739bf3279c3664.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{cite journal | last = Neustadt | first = Richard E. | authorlink = Richard Neustadt | year = 1954 | title = Congress and the Fair Deal: A Legislative Balance Sheet | journal = Public Policy | volume = 5 | location = Boston | ref = harv }} reprinted in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamby|1974|pp=15–42}} * {{cite journal | last = Ottolenghi | first = Michael | title = Harry Truman's Recognition of Israel | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_2004-12_47_4/page/963 | journal = Historical Journal | date = December 2004 | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 963–988 | ref = harv | doi = 10.1017/S0018246X04004066 }} * {{cite journal | last = Smaltz | first = Donald C. | authorlink = Donald Smaltz |date=July 1998 | title = Independent Counsel: A View from Inside | journal = The Georgetown Law Journal | volume = 86 | issue = 6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Strout | first = Lawrence N. | year = 1999 | title = Covering McCarthyism: How the Christian Science Monitor Handled Joseph R. McCarthy, 1950–1954 | journal = Journal of Political and Military Sociology | volume = 2001 | issue = Summer | ref = {{SfnRef|Strout|1999}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Wells | first = Samuel F., Jr. | title = Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-security_fall-1979_4_2/page/116 | journal = International Security | date = Autumn 1979 | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | jstor = 2626746 | ref = harv | doi = 10.2307/2626746 | pages=116–158 }} * {{cite magazine | title = Truman Committee Exposes Housing Mess | magazine = Life | date = November 30, 1942 | pages = 45–46, 48, 50, 52 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RkEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA45#v=twopage | accessdate = October 10, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Life''|November 30, 1942}} }} === Harry S. Truman Library & Museum === * {{cite web | last1 = Giangreco | first1 = D. M. | first2 = Robert E | last2 = Griffin | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = The Airlift Begins: Airbridge to Berlin&nbsp;– The Berlin Crisis of 1948, its Origins and Aftermath | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/BERLIN_A/PAGE_11.HTM | year = 1988 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1988a}} | archivedate = 2016-05-06 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160506092238/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/BERLIN_A/PAGE_11.HTM }} * {{cite web | last = Marks | first = Ted | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Oral History Interview with Ted Marks | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/markst.htm | year = 1962 | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1962}} | archivedate = 2019-05-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502214855/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/markst.htm }} * {{cite web | last = Southern | first = Mrs. William | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Wedding of Bess Wallace and Capt. Harry S. Truman | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/weddingarticle.htm | date = June 28, 1919 | work = The Examiner | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1919}} | archivedate = 2019-05-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503025007/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/weddingarticle.htm }} * {{cite web | last = Strout | first = Richard L. | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Oral History Interview with Richard L. Strout | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/strout.htm | date = February 5, 1971 | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1971}} | archivedate = 2013-01-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130104074408/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/strout.htm }} * {{cite web | last = Truman | first = Harry | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Memo recognizing the state of Israel | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1948-05-14&documentid=48&studycollectionid=ROI&pagenumber=1 | date = May 14, 1948 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1948}} | archivedate = 2020-05-09 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200509033036/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1948-05-14&documentid=48&studycollectionid=ROI&pagenumber=1 }} * {{cite web | last = Truman | first = Harry | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = WWI Letter from Harry to Bess | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/personal/large/ww1_letters/pg13_txt.htm | date = November 11, 1918 | accessdate = July 24, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1918}} | archivedate = 2017-10-12 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012104930/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/personal/large/ww1_letters/pg13_txt.htm }} * {{cite web | last = Vest | first = Kathleen | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Truman's First Democratic Convention | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/speriod.htm | accessdate = November 18, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|2012aa}} | archivedate = 2019-05-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502222132/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/speriod.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Background Information | work = The Truman Balcony | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/qq/ds2_1.htm | accessdate = October 16, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Balcony|2012}} | archivedate = 2017-10-12 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012105222/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/qq/ds2_1.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Background Information (Continued) | work = The Truman Balcony | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/qq/ds2_1a.htm | accessdate = October 16, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Balcony II|2012}} | archivedate = 2018-11-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181105211300/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/qq/ds2_1a.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Biographical sketch of Mrs. Harry S. Truman | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/bwt-bio.htm | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|2012i}} | archivedate = 2018-11-07 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181107023128/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/bwt-bio.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Birthplace of Harry S. Truman | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/kids/birthpla.htm | year = 1988 | accessdate = July 25, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Birth|2012}} | archivedate = 2019-05-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503015629/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/kids/birthpla.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Chronological Record of the 129th Field Artillery 1917–1919 | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/ww1/129chronology.shtml | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, 129th|2012}} | archivedate = 2019-05-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503033652/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/ww1/129chronology.shtml }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Desegregation of the Armed Forces | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/deseg.htm | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1998}} | archivedate = 2019-04-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190405144945/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/deseg.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Drugstore Clerk at 14 His First Job | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/trumanfile/drugstorearticle1.htm | accessdate = July 25, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Job|2012}} | archivedate = 2018-12-15 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223504/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/trumanfile/drugstorearticle1.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Eleanor and Harry: The Correspondence of Eleanor Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/eleanor/ | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|2012h}} | archivedate = 2018-10-08 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008125115/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/eleanor/ }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = FAQ: Is the letter on display that Truman wrote in defense of his daughter's singing? | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/trivia/letter.htm | date = December 6, 1950 | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, FAQ|1950}} | archivedate = 2019-06-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190602192439/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/trivia/letter.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Harry S. Truman Post-Presidential Papers | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/postpres.htm | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, SAR|2012}} | archivedate = 2018-09-06 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180906125559/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/postpres.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Harry Truman joins Battery B of the Missouri National Guard | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/nationalguard.htm | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Eye|2012}} | archivedate = 2018-11-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181105211753/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/nationalguard.htm }} * {{cite web |publisher=Harry S. Truman Library & Museum |title=Memorandum of Information for the Secretary&nbsp;– Blockade of Korea |url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/korea/large/week2/kw_78_1.jpg |date=July 6, 1950 |accessdate=July 28, 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|Truman Library, Memo|1950}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809213846/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/korea/large/week2/kw_78_1.jpg |archivedate=August 9, 2007 |df= }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Military Personnel File of Harry S. Truman | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/rg407.htm | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Mil|2012}} | archivedate = 2019-05-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190505095351/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/rg407.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = President Lyndon B. Johnson Signs Medicare Bill | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/medicarebill.htm | date = July 30, 1965 | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1965}} | archivedate = 2019-05-27 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190527201512/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/medicarebill.htm }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | work = This Day in Truman History | title = President Truman Addresses Congress on Proposed Health Program, Washington, D.C | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/healthprogram.htm | date = November 19, 1945 | accessdate = July 27, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|1945}} | archivedate = 2019-06-14 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190614191909/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/healthprogram.htm }} * {{cite web | last = McDonald | first = John W. | date = May 1984 | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = 10 of Truman's Happiest Years Spent in Senate | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/trumanfile/senate1.htm | accessdate = May 10, 2014 | ref = harv | archivedate = 2013-10-25 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131025225651/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/trumanfile/senate1.htm }} Originally published in the ''Independence Examiner'', Truman Centennial Edition. * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Special Message to the Congress on Civil Rights | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=1380&st=&st1= | accessdate = December 2, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library, Special Message|1948}} | archivedate = 2020-05-09 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200509032545/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=1380&st=&st1= }} * {{cite web | publisher = Harry S. Truman Library & Museum | title = Use of the Period After the "S" in Harry S. Truman's Name | url = http://www.trumanlibrary.org/speriod.htm | accessdate = July 24, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Library|2012}} | archivedate = 2019-05-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502222132/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/speriod.htm }} === آنلاین قایناقلار === * Roberts, Christopher N.J.: [http://www.geschichte-menschenrechte.de/schluesseltexte/william-h-fitzpatricks-editorials-on-human-rights-1949/ William H. Fitzpatrick's Editorials on Human Rights (1949)], published by Arbeitskreis Menschenrechte im 20. Jahrhundert, published at "Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte". Retrieved November 4, 2017. * {{cite web | publisher = Army National Guard, United States Army | title = Special Designation Liting | url = http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-abc-arng.html | accessdate = September 8, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Army National Guard|2012}} | archivedate = 2018-12-12 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181212001756/https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-abc-arng.html }} * {{cite web | publisher = Atomic Archive | title="Mike" Device is Tested | url = http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/hbomb/page_13.shtml | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Atomic Archive|1953}} }} * {{cite web |last = Bennett |first = Stephen Earl |publisher = Public Opinion Pros |title = Restoration of Confidence: Polling's Comeback from 1948 |url = http://www.publicopinionpros.norc.org/from_field/2007/jan/bennett_printable.asp |date = May 2012 |accessdate = November 1, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Bennett|2012}} |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305145538/http://www.publicopinionpros.norc.org/from_field/2007/jan/bennett_printable.asp |archivedate = March 5, 2012 |df = mdy-all }} * {{cite web | last = Berdichevsky | first = Norman | work = New English Review | title = Israel: From Darling of the Left to Pariah State | url = http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm/frm/113207/sec_id/113207 | date = May 2012 | accessdate = September 3, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Berdichevsky|2012}} | archivedate = 2017-10-12 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012102749/http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm/frm/113207/sec_id/113207 }} * {{cite web | last1 = Curran | first1 = Jeanne | last2 = Takata | first2 = Susan R. | year = 2002 | url = http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/sampling01.htm | title = Getting a Sample Isn't Always Easy | work = Dear Habermas | publisher = California State University—Dominguez Hills | accessdate = September 6, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Curran|Takata|2002}} | archive-date = 2012-09-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120905003054/http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/sampling01.htm | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2012-09-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120905003054/http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/sampling01.htm }} * {{cite web | url = http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment22/ | title = U.S. Constitution: Twenty-second Amendment | publisher = Find Law | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Find Law|2012}} }} * {{cite web | last = Giangreco | first = D. M | publisher = WorldWar1.com | work = Doughboy Center: The Story of the American Expeditionary Forces | title = Capt. Harry Truman & Battery D, 129th Field Artillery In Action in the Argonne | url = http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/truman2.htm | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Giangreco|2012}}}} * {{cite web | last = Giangreco | first = D. M. | author-mask = {{long dash}} | date = April 7, 2002 | publisher = U.S. Army Command and General Staff College | title = Soldier from Independence: Harry S. Truman and the Great War | url = http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/truman.htm | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = harv}} * {{cite web | last = Gilwee | first = William J. | year = 2000 | title = Capt. Harry Truman, Artilleryman and Future President | publisher = Worldwar1.com | work = Doughboy Center: The Story of the American Expeditionary Forces | url = http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/truman.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080614200949/http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/truman.htm | archivedate = June 14, 2008 | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = harv}} * {{cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Steve |date=January 31, 2008 |title=First Daughter |publisher=Obit mag |url=http://www.obit-mag.com/articles/first-daughter |accessdate=July 29, 2012 |ref=harv |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510104553/http://obit-mag.com/articles/first-daughter |archivedate=May 10, 2012 |df= }} * {{cite web | last = Hamby | first = Alonzo | url = http://hnn.us/articles/442.html | title = Presidency: How Do Historians Evaluate the Administration of Harry Truman? | work = History News Network | publisher = George Mason University | accessdate = September 8, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Hamby|2002}}}} * {{cite web | last = Higgs | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Higgs | date = March 1, 2004 | title = Truman's Attempt to Seize the Steel Industry | url = http://www.independent.org/publications/article.asp?id=1394 | work = The Freeman | publisher = The Independent Institute | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | ref = harv}} * {{cite web | last = Jones | first = Tim | title = Dewey defeats Truman | work = Chicago Tribune | url = http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-chicagodays-deweydefeats-story,0,6484067.story | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | page = 1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Jones|1948}} }} * {{cite web | last = Miller | first = Henry I. | date = August 1, 2012 | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/08/01/the-nuking-of-japan-was-a-tactical-and-moral-imperative/ | title = The Nuking of Japan was a Tactical and Moral Imperative | work = [[Forbes]] | accessdate = May 10, 2017 | ref = {{SfnRef|Miller|2012}} | archivedate = 2017-02-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223141913/http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/08/01/the-nuking-of-japan-was-a-tactical-and-moral-imperative/ }} * {{cite web | last = Moynihan | first = Daniel Patrick | authorlink = Daniel Patrick Moynihan | year = 1997 | title = Chairman's Forward | work = Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy | publisher = Government Printing Office | url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CDOC-105sdoc2/pdf/GPO-CDOC-105sdoc2-4.pdf | accessdate = September 3, 2012 | ref = harv }} * {{cite web | publisher = National Park Service | year = 1961 | title = Reading 2: Goodwill Ambassador to the World | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/26roosevelt/26facts2.htm | accessdate = September 1, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Roosevelt|1961}} }} * {{cite news | last = Reynolds | first = Paul | authorlink = Paul Reynolds (BBC journalist) | date = August 3, 2005 | title = Hiroshima arguments rage 60 years on | work = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4724793.stm | accessdate = July 30, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Reynolds|2005}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Roberts | first = Geoffrey | authorlink = Geoffrey Roberts | date = December 2000 | title = Historians and the Cold War | magazine = [[History Today]] | url = http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=14080&amid=14080 | accessdate = April 4, 2010 | ref = harv }} * {{cite web | last = Smaltz | first = Donald C. | date = January 29, 1996 | publisher = University of North Texas Libraries | title = Speech Delivered by Donald C. Smaltz | url = http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/oic/SMALTZ/speeches/gonzag.htm | accessdate = September 3, 2012 | ref = harv }} * {{cite web | last = Smith | first = Stephanie <!-- Stephanie Smith, but not singer or actress --> | date = March 18, 2008 | title = Former Presidents: Federal Pension and Retirement Benefits | publisher = U.S. Senate Congressional Research Service | url = https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/98-249.pdf | accessdate = September 3, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Smith|2008}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = U.S. History | year = 2012 | title = America in the Second World War: The Manhattan Project | url = http://www.ushistory.org/us/51f.asp | accessdate = July 30, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|U.S. History|2012}} }} * {{cite web |publisher=Washington National Cathedral |year=2012 |title=Presidential Funerals: Services Following Deaths of American Presidents |url=http://www.nationalcathedral.org/about/presidentialFunerals.shtml |accessdate=September 3, 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|Washington National Cathedral|2012}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813184250/http://www.nationalcathedral.org/about/presidentialFunerals.shtml |archivedate=August 13, 2012 |df= }} * {{cite web | last = Winn | first = Kenneth H. | title = It All Adds Up: Reform and the Erosion of Representative Government in Missouri, 1900–2000 | publisher = Missouri Secretary of State | url = http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/pubs/article/article.asp | accessdate = July 30, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Winn|2000}} }} * {{cite news | last = Wooten | first = James T. | title = Truman Honored By World Notables At Cathedral Rites | newspaper = The New York Times | page = 1 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60D17FF3E551A7493C4A9178AD85F478785F9 | accessdate = November 1, 2012 | date = January 6, 1973 | ref = harv }} * {{cite web |publisher = Miller Center, University of Virginia |title = American President: A Reference Resource |url = http://millercenter.org/president/truman/essays/biography/print |accessdate = September 9, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Miller Center|2012}} |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121030084737/http://millercenter.org/president/truman/essays/biography/print |archivedate = October 30, 2012 |df = mdy-all }} * {{cite web |title=Biographical Dictionary of the Federal Judiciary |publisher=Federal Judicial Center |location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://www.fjc.gov/public/home.nsf/hisj |accessdate=March 4, 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|Federal Judicial Center}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730115701/http://www.fjc.gov/public/home.nsf/hisj |archivedate=July 30, 2016 |df= }} searches run from page, "select research categories" then check "court type" and "nominating president", then select U.S. District Courts (or U.S. Circuit Courts) and also Harry Truman. * {{cite web | url = http://www.c-span.org/PresidentialSurvey/Overall-Ranking.aspx | title = C-SPAN Survey of Presidential Leadership | accessdate = April 5, 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090217053502/http://www.c-span.org/PresidentialSurvey/Overall-Ranking.aspx | archivedate = February 17, 2009 | ref = {{SfnRef|CSPAN|2009}} }} * {{cite web |publisher = U.S. Army Center of Military History |year = 2012 |title = Chapter 12: The President Intervenes |url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/integration/IAF-12.htm |accessdate = September 3, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Center of Military History|2012}} |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120824185554/http://www.history.army.mil/books/integration/IAF-12.htm |archivedate = August 24, 2012 |df = mdy-all }} * {{cite web | year = 1948 | url = https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/1948.html | title = Executive Order 9981, Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, Harry S. Truman | publisher = National Archives | work = Federal Register | accessdate = September 6, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Federal Register''|1948}} }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.house.mo.gov/famous.aspx?fm=display | title = Hall of Famous Missourians | publisher = Missouri House of Representatives | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Hall of Famous Missourians''|2012}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = The Missouri Partisan Ranger | year = 1995 | title = Harry S. Truman: 2nd Confederate President | url = http://www.rulen.com/partisan/truman.htm | accessdate = July 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Missouri Partisan Ranger|1995}} | archivedate = 2019-02-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190218124751/http://www.rulen.com/partisan/truman.htm }} * {{cite web | url = https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/1948.html | title = Harry S Truman&nbsp;– 1948 | publisher = United States Federal Archives | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|National Archives|1948}} }} * {{cite web |publisher=The Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania |year=2011 |title=Harry S Truman (1884–1972) Thirty-third President (1945–1952) |url=http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/truman.html |accessdate=July 29, 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|Grand Lodge-Pennsylvania|2011}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073748/http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/truman.html |archivedate=July 17, 2012 |df= }} * {{cite web | publisher = United States Senate | year = 2012 | title = Harry S. Truman, 34th Vice President (1945) | url = https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Harry_Truman.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503151956/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Harry_Truman.htm | archive-date=May 3, 2019 | accessdate = July 30, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|United States Senate|2012}} }} * {{cite web |publisher = Missouri State Parks and Historic Sites |year = 2012 |title = Harry S. Truman Birthplace State Historic Site |url = http://www.mostateparks.com/trumansite.htm |accessdate = July 30, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Birthplace|2012}} |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101125063144/http://mostateparks.com/trumansite.htm |archivedate = November 25, 2010 |df = mdy-all }} * {{cite web | publisher = United States Senate | year = 2005 | title = Inauguration of the President: Fact & Firsts | url = http://inaugural.senate.gov/history/factsandfirsts/index.cfm | accessdate = September 3, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|United States Senate|2005}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = PBS | year = 2012 | work = The American Experience | title = Interview Transcripts: The Potsdam Conference | url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/truman/filmmore/it_3.html | accessdate = July 31, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|PBS|2012}} | archivedate = 2008-04-19 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080419065921/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/truman/filmmore/it_3.html }} * {{cite web |publisher=Roper Center |work=Public Opinion Archives |year=2010 |title=Job Performance Ratings for President Truman |url=http://webapps.ropercenter.uconn.edu/CFIDE/roper/presidential/webroot/presidential_rating_detail.cfm?allRate=True&presidentName=Truman |accessdate=September 7, 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|Roper|2010}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208072927/http://webapps.ropercenter.uconn.edu/CFIDE/roper/presidential/webroot/presidential_rating_detail.cfm?allRate=True&presidentName=Truman |archivedate=February 8, 2013 |df= }} * {{cite web | publisher = [[Sandia National Laboratories]] | title = Truman Fellowship | url = http://www.sandia.gov/careers/fellowships.html#truman | accessdate = September 8, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Fellowship|2012}} }} * {{cite web |url = http://truman.gov/about-us/our-history |title = Our History: A Living Memorial |publisher = Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation |accessdate = September 8, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Truman Scholarship|2012}} |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103135955/http://www.truman.gov/about-us/our-history |archivedate = November 3, 2012 |df = mdy-all }} * {{cite web | url = http://truman.missouri.edu | title = Harry S Truman School of Public Affairs | publisher = Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri | accessdate = June 18, 2008 | ref = {{SfnRef|Truman School of Public Affairs|2010}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = United States Senate | title = March 1, 1941: The Truman Committee | url = https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Truman_Committee.htm | accessdate = November 18, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Senate Truman Committee|2012}} }} * {{cite web | url = https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/325.html | title = Records of the Committee on Government Contract Compliance | publisher = United States Federal Archives | accessdate = September 7, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|National Archives|1953}}}} * {{cite news | title = State Department headquarters named for Harry S. Truman | url = http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/22/truman.building.ap/index.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20041208101632/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/22/truman.building.ap/ | archivedate = December 8, 2004 | agency = Associated Press | publisher = CNN | date = September 22, 2000 | accessdate = April 4, 2010 | ref = {{SfnRef|CNN|2000}}}} * {{cite web | publisher = White House Museum | year = 1952 | title = Truman Reconstruction: 1948–1952 | url = http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1948.htm | accessdate = September 3, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|White House Museum|1952}} | archivedate = 2019-08-21 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190821181505/http://whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1948.htm }} * {{cite web |url=http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/childs1/HIS565PoliticalChronology1947-61.htm |title=U.S. Domestic Politics in the Early Cold War Era, 1947–1961 |publisher=The Ohio State University |accessdate=September 7, 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|Ohio State|2012}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605232844/http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/childs1/HIS565PoliticalChronology1947-61.htm |archivedate=June 5, 2011 }} * {{cite web | publisher = NavSource Online | date = July 10, 2012 | title = USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75) | url = http://www.navsource.org/archives/02/75.htm | accessdate = September 8, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|NavSource Online|2012}} | archivedate = 2012-05-15 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120515000327/http://www.navsource.org/archives/02/75.htm }} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == <!--===============================================================================-- ----| WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS. Only a limited number of new links |-- ----| should be added to this article. Consider adding links to the appropriate |-- ----| category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org) and link back to that |-- ----| category using the {{Curlie}} template. |-- ----| See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for further details |-- ----===============================================================================--> '''رسمی''' * [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/ Harry S. Truman Library & Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711051738/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/ |date=2006-07-11 }} * [http://www.nps.gov/hstr/index.htm Harry S Truman National Historic Site] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/harrystruman White House biography] '''مدیا''' * {{New York Times topic|people/t/harry_s_truman}} * {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/035879}} '''آیری''' * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|T000387}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/truman/index.html Harry S. Truman: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * [https://vault.fbi.gov/harry-s.-truman Federal Bureau of Investigation Records: The Vault – Harry S. Truman] * [http://millercenter.org/president/truman Essays on Harry S. Truman, each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/truman/player/ ''The Presidents: Truman''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226174734/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/truman/player/ |date=2016-12-26 }}, an [[American Experience]] documentary * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Harry S. Truman}} * {{Librivox author|id=11300}} * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151629-1/life-portrait-harry-s-truman "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', October 18, 1999 * {{C-SPAN|harrytruman}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Truman-Harry-S Harry S. Truman Personal Manuscripts] * {{IMDb name}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1664}} {{NARA|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/407.html|article=Records of the Adjutant General's Office}} {{Harry S. Truman}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[Elihu Hayes]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of county executives of Jackson County, Missouri|Presiding Judge of Jackson County]]|years=1927–1935}} {{S-aft|after=[[Eugene Purcell]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[هنری والاس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1945}} {{S-aft|after=[[آلبن دابلیو. بارکلی]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1945–1953}} {{S-aft|after=[[دوایت آیزنهاور]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[Charles Hay (Missouri politician)|Charles Hay]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] from [[میزوری ایالتی]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934|1934]], [[United States Senate election in Missouri, 1940|1940]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانک پی. بریقس]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[هنری والاس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1944 United States presidential election|1944]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[آلبن دابلیو. بارکلی]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[فرانکلین دلانو روزولت]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1948 United States presidential election|1948]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[آدلای استیونسون دوم]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[راسکوو سی. پترسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Missouri|United States Senator (Class 1) from Missouri]]|years=1935–1945|alongside=[[Bennett Champ Clark]], [[فارست سی. دانل]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[فرانک پی. بریقس]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[هربرت هوور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1964–1972}} {{S-aft|after=[[لیندون بی. جانسون]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Harry S. Truman |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{Democratic Party (United States)}} {{United States Senators from Missouri}} {{Cold War}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی|27–50}} {{United States presidential election, 1944}} {{United States presidential election, 1948}} {{FD Roosevelt cabinet}} {{Truman cabinet}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|United States|Politics|World War I|World War II}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:هری ترومن]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[بؤلمه:۱۸۸۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۲-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:میزوری دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:قرندویو، میزوری دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:لامار، میزوری دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:ایندیپندنس، میزوری سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:میزوری سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی]] 7fl8mc15wucewrn3an61whfmxt6p837 0 19182 1590639 1587889 2026-07-15T07:06:03Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 3 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|37th president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ریچارد نیکسون | image = Richard Nixon presidential portrait.jpg | office = 37th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = {{Unbulleted list|[[اسپیرو اقنیو]] (1969–1973)|''None'' (Oct–Dec 1973)|Gerald Ford (1973–1974)}} | term_start = January 20, 1969 | term_end = August 9, 1974 | predecessor = [[لیندون بی. جانسون]] | successor = [[جرالد فورد]] | office1 = 36th [[Vice President of the United States]] | president1 = [[دوایت آیزنهاور]] | term_start1 = January 20, 1953 | term_end1 = January 20, 1961 | predecessor1 = [[آلبن دابلیو. بارکلی]] | successor1 = [[لیندون بی. جانسون]] | jr/sr2 = United States Senator | state2 = [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]] | term_start2 = December 1, 1950 | term_end2 = January 1, 1953 | predecessor2 = [[شریدان داونی]] | successor2 = [[تام کوچل]] | state3 = [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]] | district3 = {{ushr|CA|12|12th}} | term_start3 = January 3, 1947 | term_end3 = November 30, 1950 | predecessor3 = [[جری وورهیس]] | successor3 = [[پاتریک جی. هیلینقز]] | birth_name = Richard Milhous Nixon | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1913|1|9}} | birth_place = [[یوربا لیندا، کالیفورنیا]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1994|4|22|1913|1|9}} | death_place = {{Nowrap|[[نیویورک]]}}, U.S. | restingplace = [[Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[پت نیکسون]]|June 21, 1940|June 22, 1993|end=died}} | children = [[Tricia Nixon Cox|Tricia]]<br />[[Julie Nixon Eisenhower|Julie]] | father = [[Francis A. Nixon]] | mother = [[هاناه میلهوس نیکسون]] | education = [[ویتیر کالجی]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Duke University School of Law|Duke University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | signature = Richard Nixon Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | allegiance = United States of America | branch = [[United States Navy]] | serviceyears = 1942–1946 (active)<br />1946–1966 (inactive) | rank = Commander | battles = [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]]<br />{{•}}[[ایکینجی دۆنیا ساواش‌سینده ساکیت اوقیانوس جبهه‌سی]]<ref>Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum http://nixon.archives.gov/thelife/nixonbio.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921204555/http://nixon.archives.gov/thelife/nixonbio.pdf |date=September 21, 2015 }}</ref> | mawards = [[Commendation Medal|Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal]] (2) | native_name = {{Nobold|Richard Nixon}} }} ''' ریچارد نیکسون''' {{اینگیلیسجه|'''Richard Milhous Nixson'''}} (دوغوم:{{تاریخ تولد|۱۹۱۳|۱|۹}}، اؤلوم: {{تاریخ مرگ و سن|۱۹۹۴|۴|۲۲|۱۹۱۳|۱|۹}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۷اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۶۹دن ۱۹۷۴قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery widths="200px" heights="155px"> File:Five_presidents.jpg File:Photograph_of_the_Four_Presidents_posing_for_a_portrait_prior_to_leaving_for_Egypt_and_Sadat's_Funeral_-_NARA_-_198524.jpg </gallery> == نوتلار== === Explanatory notes === {{Notelist | notes = {{Efn | name = Jewish vote | {{Harvard citation no brackets|Black|pp=583–585}}. In 1972, Nixon did more than double his percentage of the Jewish vote, from 17&nbsp;percent to 35&nbsp;percent. {{Harvard citation no brackets|Merkley|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TP4g-RhUJmcC&lpg=PA68&dq=nixon%20jewish%20vote%201972&pg=PA68 68]}}. }} }} === اتک یازیلار === {{اتک‌یازی}} == قایناقلار == === کیتابلار === {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book | last = Aitken | first = Jonathan | authorlink = Jonathan Aitken | year = 1996 | title = Nixon: A Life | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780895267207 | publisher = Regnery Publishing | location = Washington, D.C. | isbn = 978-0-89526-720-7 | ref = {{SfnRef|Aitken}} }} * {{cite book | last = Ambrose | first = Stephen E. | authorlink = Stephen E. Ambrose | year = 1987 | title = Nixon: The Education of a Politician 1913–1962 | volume = Volume I | url = https://archive.org/details/nixon00ambr | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-52836-2 | ref = harv | url-access = registration }} * {{cite book | last = Ambrose | first = Stephen E. | year = 1989 | title = Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician 1962–1972 | volume = Volume II | url = https://www.amazon.com/Nixon-II-Triumph-Politician-1962-1972-ebook/dp/B00HL709ZG/ | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-72506-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Ambrose | first = Stephen E. | year = 1991 | title = Nixon: Ruin and Recovery 1973–1990 | volume = Volume III | url = https://archive.org/details/nixon00ambr | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-69188-2 | ref = harv | url-access = registration }} * {{cite book | last = Andrew | first = Christopher | year = 1995 | title = For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush | url = https://archive.org/details/forpresidentseye00andr | url-access = registration | publisher = HarperCollins | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-092178-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Armstrong | first = William M. | authorlink = | year = 2017 | title = Marine Air Group 25 and SCAT | publisher = Arcadia | location = Charleston | isbn = 978-1-46712-743-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Armstrong}} }} * {{cite book | last = Black | first = Conrad | year = 2007 | authorlink = Conrad Black | title = Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full | publisher = PublicAffairs Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-58648-519-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Black}} | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781586485191 }} * {{cite book | last = Blythe | first = Will | authorlink = Will Blythe | year = 2006 | title = To Hate Like This is to be Happy Forever | url = https://archive.org/details/tohatelikethisis00blyt | url-access = registration | publisher = Harper Collins | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-074023-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Blythe}} }} * {{cite book | last = Boger | first = John Charles | year = 2005 | title = School Resegregation: Must the South Turn Back? | url = https://archive.org/details/schoolresegregat0000unse | publisher = University of North Carolina Press | location = Chapel Hill, N.C. | isbn = 978-0-8078-5613-0 | ref = {{SfnRef|Boger}} }} * {{cite book | last = Dallek | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Dallek | year = 2007 | title = Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power | url = https://archive.org/details/nixonkissingerpa00dall | url-access = registration | publisher = HarperCollins | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-072230-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Dallek}} }} * {{cite book | last = Drew | first = Elizabeth | authorlink = Elizabeth Drew | year = 2007 | title = Richard M. Nixon | series = The American Presidents Series | publisher = Times Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8050-6963-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Drew}} | url = https://archive.org/details/richardmnixon00drew }} * {{cite book | last1 = Evans | first1 = Rowland | authorlink1 = Rowland Evans | last2 = Novak | first2 = Robert | authorlink2 = Robert Novak | year = 1971 | title = Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power | publisher = Random House | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-394-46273-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Evans & Novak}} | url = https://archive.org/details/nixoninwhitehous00evan }} * {{cite book | last1 = Ezell | first1 = Edward Clinton | authorlink1 = Edward Ezell | last2 = Ezell | first2 = Linda Neuman | year = 1978 | title = The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project | publisher = NASA History Office | location = Washington D.C. | url = http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4209/toc.htm | isbn = | ref = {{SfnRef|Ezell}} | access-date = 2020-06-07 | archive-date = 2011-01-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110123000956/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4209/toc.htm | url-status = dead }} * Farrell, John A. ''Richard Nixon: The Life'' (2017) * {{cite book | last = Ferris | first = Gary W. | year = 1999 | title = Presidential Places: A Guide to the Historic Sites of the U.S. Presidents | publisher = John F. Blair | location = Winston-Salem, N.C. | isbn = 978-0-89587-176-3 | ref = {{SfnRef|Ferris}} | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/presidentialplac0000ferr }} * {{cite book | last = Foner | first = Eric | authorlink = Eric Foner | year = 2006 | title = Give Me Liberty!: An American History | volume = 2 | publisher = W. W. Norton & Co | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-393-92784-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Foner}} }} * {{cite book | last = Frick | first = Daniel | year = 2008 | title = Reinventing Richard Nixon | publisher = University of Kansas Press | location = Lawrence, Kans. | isbn = 978-0-7006-1599-5 | ref = {{SfnRef|Frick}} | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/reinventingricha0000fric }} * {{cite book | last = Frum | first = David | authorlink = David Frum | year = 2000 | title = How We Got Here: The '70s | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-04195-4 | ref = {{SfnRef|Frum}} | url = https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum }} * {{cite book | last = Gaddis | first = John Lewis | authorlink = John Lewis Gaddis | year = 1982 | title = Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | isbn = 978-0-19-503097-6 | ref = {{SfnRef|Gaddis}} | url = https://archive.org/details/strategiesofcon000gadd }} * {{cite book | last = Gellman | first = Irwin | year = 1999 | title = The Contender | url = https://archive.org/details/contenderrichard00gellrich | url-access = registration | publisher = The Free Press | isbn = 978-1-4165-7255-8 | location = New York | ref = {{SfnRef|Gellman}} }} * Greenberg, David. ''Nixon's Shadow: The History of an Image'' (2003). Important study of how Nixon was perceived by media and scholars. * Hall, Mitchell K. ed. ''Historical Dictionary of the Nixon-Ford Era'' (2008) 285pp * {{cite book | last = Hepplewhite | first = T.A. | year = 1999 | title = The Space Shuttle Decision: NASA's Search for a Reusable Space Vehicle | publisher = NASA History Office | location = Washington D.C. | url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/sp4221.htm | isbn = | ref = {{SfnRef|Hepplewhite}} }} * {{cite book | last = Hetzel | first = Robert L. | year = 2008 | title = The Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve | url = https://archive.org/details/monetarypolicyof0000hetz | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-521-88132-6 | ref = {{SfnRef|Hetzel}} }} * {{cite book | last = Ingle | first = H. Larry | year = 2015 | title = Nixon's First Cover-up: The Religious Life of a Quaker President | publisher = University of Missouri Press | location = Columbia, Missouri | isbn = 978-0-8262-2042-4 | ref = {{SfnRef|Ingle|}} | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/nixonsfirstcover00ingl }} * {{cite book | last = Kornitzer | first = Bela | year = 1960 | title = The Real Nixon: An Intimate Biography | publisher = Rand McNally & Company | location = New York | isbn = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1V3AAAAMAAJ&dq | ref = {{SfnRef|Kornitzer}} }} * {{cite book | last = Langguth | first = A.J. | authorlink = A. J. Langguth | year = 2000 | title = Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975 | publisher = Simon and Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-1244-1 | url = https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_f6q3 | url-access = registration | page = [https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_f6q3/page/524 524] | ref = {{SfnRef|Langguth}} }} * Malsberger, John W. ''The General and the Politician: Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, and American Politics'' (2014) * {{cite book | last = Merkley | first = Paul Charles | year = 2004 | title = American Presidents, Religion, and Israel: the Heirs of Cyrus | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = Westport, Conn. | isbn = 978-0-275-98340-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TP4g-RhUJmcC | ref = {{SfnRef|Merkley}} }} * {{cite book | last = Morris | first = Roger | authorlink = Roger Morris (American writer) | year = 1990 | title = Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician | location = New York | publisher = Henry Holt & Co | isbn = 978-0-8050-1834-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Uw8_HAAACAAJ | ref = {{SfnRef|Morris}} }} * {{cite book | last = Nixon | first = Richard | year = 1978 | title = RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon | publisher = Grosset & Dunlap | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-448-14374-3 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/rnmemoirsofricha00nixo }} * {{cite book | last = Nixon | first = Richard | year = 1985 | title = No More Vietnams | publisher = Arbor House Publishing Company | location = Westminster, Md. | isbn = 978-0-87795-668-6 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/nomorevietnams00nixo }} * {{cite book | last = Parmet | first = Herbert S. | year = 1990 | title = Richard Nixon and His America | publisher = Little, Brown & Co | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-316-69232-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Parmet}} | url = https://archive.org/details/richardnixonhisa00parm_0 }} * {{cite book | last = Perlstein | first = Richard | authorlink = Rick Perlstein | year = 2008 | title = Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America | publisher = Scribner | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-4302-5 | title-link = Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America }} * {{cite book | last = Reeves | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Reeves (American writer) | year = 2001 | title = President Nixon: Alone in the White House | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-684-80231-2 | ref = {{SfnRef|Reeves}} | url = https://archive.org/details/presidentnixonal00reev }} * {{cite book | last = Safire | first = William | authorlink = William Safire | year = 2005 | origyear = 1975 | title = Before The Fall: An Insider View of the Pre-Watergate White House, with a 2005 Preface by the Author | publisher = Transaction Publishers | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xahIAOPX8JwC | ref = {{SfnRef|Safire}} | isbn = 978-1-4128-0466-0 }} Originally published: Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1975 (new material 2005) * {{cite book | editor-last = Small | editor-first = Melvin | year = 2011 | title = A Companion to Richard M. Nixon | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Oxford | isbn = 978-1-4443-3017-5 | url = https://www.questia.com/library/120083897/a-companion-to-richard-m-nixon | ref = {{SfnRef|Small}} | editor-link = Melvin Small }}; Emphasis on historiography * {{cite book | last = Schulzinger | first = Robert D. | year = 2003 | title = A Companion to American Foreign Relations | url = https://archive.org/details/companiontoameri0000unse_b5u3 | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | location = Oxford | isbn = 978-1-4051-4986-0 | ref = {{SfnRef|Schulzinger}} }} * {{cite book | last = Thompson | first = John B. | authorlink = John Thompson (sociologist) | year = 2000 | title = Political Scandal: Power and Visibility in the Media Age | publisher = Polity Press | location = Cambridge | isbn = 978-0-7456-2550-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PAEwuLjQm4gC | ref = {{SfnRef|Thompson}} }} * {{cite book | last = Tyler | first = Patrick | authorlink = Patrick Tyler | year = 2010 | title = A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East—from the Cold War to the War on Terror | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | isbn = | url =https://archive.org/details/worldoftroublewh0000tyle_k8x0 | ref = }} * {{cite book | last = White | first = Theodore H. | authorlink = Theodore H. White | year = 1973 | title = The Making of the President 1972 | url = https://archive.org/details/makingofpresiden1972whit | url-access = registration | publisher = Antheneum | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-689-10553-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|White}} }} === نیکسون کیتاب‌ائوی === * {{cite web |title = Childhood |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/childhood.php |accessdate = July 16, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Childhood}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194530/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/childhood.php |archive-date = October 21, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-10-21 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194530/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/childhood.php }} * {{cite web |title = A Student & Sailor |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/astudentandsailor.php |accessdate = July 16, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Student & Sailor}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194531/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/astudentandsailor.php |archive-date = October 21, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-10-21 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194531/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/astudentandsailor.php }} * {{cite web |title = The Nixon Family |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/thenixonfamily.php |accessdate = July 16, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Nixon Family}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225422/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/thenixonfamily.php |archive-date = October 21, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-10-21 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225422/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/thenixonfamily.php }} * {{cite web |title = The Congressman |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thecongressman.php |accessdate = July 17, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Congressman}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130615041941/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thecongressman.php |archive-date = June 15, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-06-15 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130615041941/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thecongressman.php }} * {{cite web |title = The Senator |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thesenator.php |accessdate = July 17, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Senator}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130216113442/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thesenator.php |archive-date = February 16, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-02-16 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130216113442/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thesenator.php }} * {{cite web |title = The Vice President |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thevicepresident.php |accessdate = July 17, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Vice President}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130615014220/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thevicepresident.php |archive-date = June 15, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-06-15 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130615014220/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thevicepresident.php }} * {{cite web |title = The President |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/ |accessdate = July 17, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, President}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121120163546/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/ |archive-date = November 20, 2012 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2012-11-20 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121120163546/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/ }} * {{cite web |title = Post Presidency |publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |work = The Life |url = http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/postpresidency.php |accessdate = March 5, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Post Presidency}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194537/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/postpresidency.php |archive-date = October 21, 2013 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2013-10-21 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194537/http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/postpresidency.php }} * {{cite web | last = Lee | first = Meghan | url = https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/forresearchers/find/textual/findingaids/findingaid_nixonfamily.pdf | date = June 22, 2004 | title = Guide to the Nixon Family Collection (1909–1967) | publisher = Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum | ref = {{SfnRef|Nixon Library, Family Collection Guide}} }} === آیری === * {{Cite news | title = 1972: President Nixon arrives in Moscow | publisher = BBC | date = June 11, 2004 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/22/newsid_4373000/4373149.stm | accessdate = July 17, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|BBC|1972-05-22}} }} * {{Cite news | title = Reagan funeral: Schedule of events | publisher = BBC | date = June 11, 2004 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3783085.stm | accessdate = May 11, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|BBC|2004-06-11}} }} * {{cite news | last = Delaney | first = Paul | date = July 20, 1970 | newspaper = The New York Times | title = Nixon Plan for Negro Construction Jobs Is Lagging | page = 1 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20813F7355A1B7493C2AB178CD85F448785F9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Delaney|1970-07-20}} }} * {{cite news | newspaper = [[The Deseret News]] | date = April 27, 1994 | title = Mourners pay last respects to Nixon | page = 1 | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i_RHAAAAIBAJ&dq=nixon%20funeral&pg=6218%2C5816141 | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''The Deseret News''|1994-04-27}} }} * {{cite news | last = Steel | first = Ronald | authorlink = Ronald Steel | date = May 25, 2003 | newspaper = The New York Times | title = The World: New Chapter, Old Debate; Would Kennedy Have Quit Vietnam? | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/25/weekinreview/the-world-new-chapter-old-debate-would-kennedy-have-quit-vietnam.html | accessdate = July 17, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Steel|2003-05-25}} }} * {{cite news | last = Wicker | first = Tom | authorlink = Tom Wicker | date = April 24, 1994 | newspaper = The New York Times | title = From afar: An indomitable man, an incurable loneliness | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/24/weekinreview/from-afar-an-indomitable-man-an-incurable-loneliness.html | accessdate = August 7, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Wicker|1994-04-24}} }} * {{cite news | last = Kilpatrick | first = Carroll | date = November 18, 1973 | newspaper = The Washington Post | title = Nixon tells editors, 'I'm not a crook' | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/111873-1.htm | accessdate = July 17, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Kilpatrick|1973-11-18}} }} * {{cite news | newspaper = The Washington Post | title = The Post Investigates | series = The Watergate Story | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part1.html | accessdate = July 17, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''The Washington Post'', The Post Investigates}} }} * {{cite news | newspaper = The Washington Post | title = The Government Acts | series = The Watergate Story | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part2.html | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''The Washington Post'', The Government Acts}} }} * {{cite news | newspaper = The Washington Post | title = Nixon Resigns | series = The Watergate Story | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part3.html | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''The Washington Post'', Nixon Resigns}} }} * {{cite news | last1 = Weil | first1 = Martin | last2 = Randolph | first2 = Eleanor | date = April 23, 1994 | newspaper = The Washington Post | page = A01 | title = Richard M. Nixon, 37th President, dies | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/06/11/AR2005112200809.html | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Weil & Randolph|1994-04-23}} }} * {{cite news | last1 = Lardner | first1 = George Jr. | last2 = Dobbs | first2 = Michael | date = October 6, 1999 | newspaper = The Washington Post | page = A31 | title = New tapes reveal depth of Nixon's anti-Semitism | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/oct99/nixon6.htm | accessdate = April 4, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Lardner & Dobbs}} }} * {{cite news |last = Carlson |first = Peter |date = November 17, 2000 |newspaper = The Washington Post |page = A01 |title = Another Race to the Finish |ref = {{SfnRef|Carlson|2000-11-17}} }} * {{cite news | title = 8,000 Move Into Cambodia | newspaper = [[Evening Independent|St. Petersburg Independent]] | agency = AP (Saigon) | date = May 1, 1970 | page = 20–A | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=utwLAAAAIBAJ&pg=7133%2C160415 | ref = {{SfnRef|AP/''St. Peterburg Independent''}} }} * {{cite news | title = Nixon Up Early, See Protesters | agency = UPI | newspaper = Beaver County Times | date = May 9, 1970 | location = Pennsylvania | page = one [presumably late edition] | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FGwyAAAAIBAJ&pg=1864%2C2379598 | ref = {{SfnRef|UPI/''Beaver County Times''|1970-05-09}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Greene | first = Bob | authorlink = Bob Greene | date = April 8, 2002 | magazine = [[Jewish World Review]] | title = What Nixon's best friend couldn't buy | url = http://www.jewishworldreview.com/bob/greene040802.asp | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Greene}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Greider | first = William | date = November 10, 1983 | title = The McGovern factor | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_rolling-stone_rolling-stone_1983-11-10_408/page/12 | magazine = [[Rolling Stone]] | page = 13 | ref = {{SfnRef|Greider|1983-10-10}} }} * {{cite magazine | last1 = Kiernan | first1 = Ben | authorlink = Ben Kiernan | last2 = Owen | first2 = Taylor | date = October 2006 | title = Bombs over Cambodia | magazine = The Walrus | url = http://www.yale.edu/cgp/Walrus_CambodiaBombing_OCT06.pdf | accessdate = January 29, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Kiernan & Owen}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Noah | first = Timothy | authorlink = Timothy Noah | date = October 7, 1999 | magazine = [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] | title = Nixon: I Am Not an Anti-Semite | url = http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/1999/10/nixon_i_am_not_an_antisemite.html | accessdate = May 11, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Noah|1999-10-07}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Sawhill | first = Ray | date = February 2011 | title = The Fall and Rise of an American President | magazine = [[Opera News]] | url = http://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2011/2/Features/The_Fall_and_Rise_of_an_American_President.html | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Sawhill|2011-02}} }} * {{cite magazine | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = April 5, 1971 | title = Again, the Credibility Gap? | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876891,00.html | accessdate = July 29, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Time''|1971-04-05}} | archive-date = 2013-08-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130824104741/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876891,00.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite magazine | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = August 14, 1972 | title = Behavior: Evaluating Eagleton | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906223,00.html | accessdate = July 23, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Time''|1972-08-14}} | archive-date = 2013-07-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130721085419/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906223,00.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite magazine | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = November 20, 1972 | title = Democrats: The long journey to disaster | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,712186,00.html | accessdate = July 23, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|''Time''|1970-11-20}} | archive-date = 2013-07-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130721080817/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,712186,00.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite journal | last = Skidmore | first = Max J. | year = 2001 | title = Ranking and Evaluating Presidents: The Case of Theodore Roosevelt | journal = White House Studies | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | ref = {{SfnRef|Skidmore}} }} * {{cite magazine | last = Stacks | first = John F. | date = May 2, 1994 | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | title = Richard Nixon: Victory in Defeat | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,980651,00.html | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Stacks|1994-05-02}} | archive-date = 2013-08-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130812035848/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,980651,00.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite magazine | last = Morrow | first = Lance | date = September 30, 1996 | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | title = Naysayer to the nattering nabobs | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985217,00.html | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Morrow|1996-09-30}} | archive-date = 2008-04-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005614/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985217,00.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web |last = Allen |first = Erika Tyler |publisher = The Museum of Broadcast Communications |title = The Kennedy–Nixon Presidential Debates, 1960 |url = http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=kennedy-nixon |accessdate = May 11, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Museum of Broadcast Communications, "Kennedy–Nixon Debates"}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120511211530/http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=kennedy-nixon |archive-date = May 11, 2012 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2012-05-11 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120511211530/http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=kennedy-nixon }} * {{cite web |last = Auster |first = Albert |publisher = The Museum of Broadcast Communications |title = Smith, Howard K |url = http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=smithhoward |accessdate = May 11, 2012 |ref = {{SfnRef|Museum of Broadcast Communications, "Smith, Howard K."}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120805122035/http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=smithhoward |archive-date = August 5, 2012 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all |archivedate = 2012-08-05 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120805122035/http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=smithhoward }} * {{cite web |last = Evans |first = Thomas W. |year = 1993 |title = The All-Volunteer Army After Twenty Years: Recruiting in the Modern Era |publisher = Sam Houston State University |url = http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/VolArm.html |accessdate = July 17, 2011 |ref = {{SfnRef|Evans}} |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130808222147/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/VolArm.html |archivedate = August 8, 2013 |df = mdy-all }} * {{cite web | last = Handlin | first = Daniel | date = November 28, 2005 | title = Just another Apollo? Part two | work = The Space Review | url = http://www.thespacereview.com/article/507/1 | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|Handlin}} }} * {{cite web |title=American President: Richard Milhous Nixon (1913–1994), Foreign Affairs |publisher=Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia |url=http://millercenter.org/president/nixon/essays/biography/5 |accessdate=July 17, 2011 |ref={{SfnRef|Miller Center}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811201550/http://millercenter.org/president/nixon/essays/biography/5 |archivedate=August 11, 2011 |df= }} * {{cite web | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | title = Richard M. Nixon Birthplace | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/presidents/nixon_birthplace.html | accessdate = May 11, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|NPS, Nixon Birthplace}} }} * {{cite web |title=Commander Richard M. Nixon, USNR |work=Naval Historical Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=August 7, 2006 |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq60-8.htm |accessdate=July 16, 2011 |ref={{SfnRef|Naval Historical Center, Commander Nixon}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816114029/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq60-8.htm |archivedate=August 16, 2011 |df= }} * {{cite web | last = Nixon | first = Richard | date = August 8, 1974 | title = President Nixon's Resignation Speech | publisher = Public Broadcasting Service | work = Character Above All | url = https://www.pbs.org/newshour/character/links/nixon_speech.html | accessdate = July 15, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|PBS, Resignation Speech}} | archivedate = 2011-07-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718133421/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/character/links/nixon_speech.html }} * {{cite web | title = The Nixon Visit (February 21–28, 1972) | publisher = Public Broadcasting Service | work = American Experience | url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/china/sfeature/nixon.html | accessdate = July 17, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|PBS, The Nixon Visit}} }} * {{cite web | title = Richard M. Nixon, Domestic Politics | publisher = Public Broadcasting Service | work = American Experience | url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/nixon-domestic/ | accessdate = May 11, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|PBS, Nixon, Domestic Politics}} | archivedate = 2012-05-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120523191923/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/nixon-domestic/ }} * {{cite web | last = Sabia | first = Joseph J. | url = http://hnn.us/articles/5331.html | title = Why Richard Nixon Deserves to Be Remembered Along with ''Brown'' | publisher = History News Network | date = May 31, 2004 | accessdate = May 11, 2012 | ref = {{SfnRef|Sabia}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = United Press International | work = 1960 Year In Review | title = Kennedy Wins 1960 Presidential Election | url = http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1960/Kennedy-Wins-1960-Presidential-Election/12295509435928-8/ | accessdate = July 17, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|UPI 1960 in Review}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = United Press International | work = 1968 Year in Review | title = 1968 Presidential Election | url = http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1968/1968-Presidential-Election/12303153093431-2/ | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|UPI 1968 in Review}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = United Press International | work = 1969 Year in Review | title = Nixon Becomes President | url = http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1969/War-Protests/12303189849225-3/ | accessdate = July 16, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|UPI 1969 in Review}} }} * {{cite web | url = http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/periodicals-postage-history.pdf | title = Postage rates for periodicals: A narrative history | publisher = [[United States Postal Service]] | accessdate = August 6, 2011 | ref = {{SfnRef|USPS, Periodicals postage}} | archivedate = 2013-07-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730162257/http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/periodicals-postage-history.pdf }} * {{cite book | author = Office of the Federal Register | title = Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Richard Nixon, 1971 | chapter = New Actions To Prevent Illnesses And Accidents | year = 1999 | publisher = General Services Administration | work = National Archives and Records Service | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r2qRyBmB15EC&pg=PA180 | isbn = 978-0-16-058863-1 | ref = {{SfnRef|Office of the Federal Register}} }} * {{cite web | title = Statement on Signing the National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act | date = May 16, 1972 | work = The American Presidency Project | publisher = University of California, Santa Barbara | url = http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3413 | ref = {{SfnRef|The American Presidency Project}} }} * {{cite web |author=<nowiki>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</nowiki> |publisher=National Institutes of Health |date=September 2002 |title=Sickle Cell Research for Treatment and Cure |url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/scd30/scd30.pdf |id=02-5214 |ref={{SfnRef|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131185453/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/scd30/scd30.pdf |archivedate=January 31, 2012 |df= }} * {{cite book | last = Wailoo | first = Keith | year = 2001 | publisher = University of North Carolina Press | title = Dying in the City of the Blues: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race and Health | url = https://archive.org/details/dyingincityofblu00keit | url-access = registration | page = [https://archive.org/details/dyingincityofblu00keit/page/165 165] | isbn = 978-0-8078-4896-8 | ref = {{SfnRef|Wailoo}} }} * {{cite book | year = 1972 | chapter = Health insurance: hearings on new proposals | title = Congressional Quarterly Almanac. 92nd Congress 1st Session ... 1971 | volume = 27 | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher= Congressional Quarterly | pages = 541–544 | issn = 0095-6007 | oclc = 1564784 | ref = {{SfnRef|NHI: CQ Almanac 1971}} }} * {{cite book | year = 1974 | chapter = Limited experimental health bill enacted | title = Congressional Quarterly Almanac. 93rd Congress 1st Session ... 1973 | volume = 29 | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher= Congressional Quarterly | pages = 499–508 | issn = 0095-6007 | oclc = 1564784 | ref = {{SfnRef|HMO: CQ Almanac 1973}} }} * {{cite book | year = 1975 | chapter = National health insurance: no action in 1974 | title = Congressional Quarterly Almanac. 93rd Congress 2nd Session ... 1974 | volume = 30 | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher= Congressional Quarterly | pages = 386–394 | issn = 0095-6007 | oclc = 1564784 | ref = {{SfnRef|NHI: CQ Almanac 1974}} }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/f8723e3606cd79ec85256ff6006f82c3?OpenDocument | title = President Nixon's Troublesome Tax Returns | last = Samson | first = William | year = 2005 | publisher = TaxAnalysts | accessdate = December 20, 2013 | ref = {{SfnRef|Samson}} | archive-date = 2012-06-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120624022649/http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/f8723e3606cd79ec85256ff6006f82c3?OpenDocument | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2012-06-24 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120624022649/http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/f8723e3606cd79ec85256ff6006f82c3?OpenDocument }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/Decoder-Wire/2011/0418/Tax-Day-2011-Why-do-presidents-release-tax-returns-Hint-I-am-not-a | title = Tax Day 2011: Why do presidents release tax returns? | last = Grier | first = Peter | year = 2011 | work = [[Christian Science Monitor]] | accessdate = December 20, 2013 }} {{Refend}} == آرتیق اوخو == * Farrell, John A (2017) ''[http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/225246/richard-nixon-by-john-a-farrell/ Richard Nixon: The Life]'' New York: Doubleday * {{cite book|title=Nixon in New York: How Wall Street Helped Richard Nixon Win the White House|first=Victor|last=Li|year=2018|isbn=978-1-68393-000-6|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|location=Madison, NJ}} * {{Cite book |first=Evan |last=Thomas |author-link=Evan Thomas |year=2015 |title=Being Nixon: A Man Divided |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=9780812995367 |oclc=904756092 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFoDBwAAQBAJ}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == '''رسمی''' * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/richardnixon White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121022259/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/richardnixon |date=2017-01-21 }} * [http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/ Nixon Presidential Library and Museum] * [http://nixonfoundation.org/ Richard Nixon Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015050957/http://nixonfoundation.org/ |date=2011-10-15 }} '''مدیا''' * {{New York Times topic|people/n/richard_milhous_nixon}} * {{C-SPAN|richardnixon}} ** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151633-1/life-portrait-richard-m-nixon "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', November 19, 1999 '''آیری''' * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|N000116}} * [http://millercenter.org/president/nixon Essays on Richard Nixon, each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/nixon/index.html Richard Nixon: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * [http://video.pbs.org/video/979746298 "The Presidents: Nixon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113083454/http://video.pbs.org/video/979746298 |date=2015-11-13 }}, an [[American Experience]] documentary * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Richard Milhous Nixon}} * {{Librivox author|id=10724}} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Nixon-Richard-M Richard Nixon Personal Manuscripts] * {{IMDb name}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1668}} {{Richard Nixon}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[جری وورهیس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from California|U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[California's 12th congressional district]]|years=1947–1950}} {{S-aft|after=[[پاتریک جی. هیلینقز]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[شریدان داونی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from California|United States Senator (Class 3) from California]]|years=1950–1953|alongside=[[ویلیام اف. نولند]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[تام کوچل]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[فردریک اف. هاوسر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] from [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 3]])|years=[[1950 United States Senate election in California|1950]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[تام کوچل]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ایرل وارن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1952 United States presidential election|1952]], [[1956 United States presidential election|1956]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[هنری کابوت لاج، جونیور]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[دوایت آیزنهاور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States| years=[[1960 United States presidential election|1960]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[بری قلدواتر]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام اف. نولند]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of California]]|years=[[1962 California gubernatorial election|1962]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[رونالد ریقان]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[بری قلدواتر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States| years=[[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جرالد فورد]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[آلبن دابلیو. بارکلی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1953–1961}} {{S-aft|after=[[لیندون بی. جانسون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[لیندون بی. جانسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1969–1974}} {{S-aft|after=[[جرالد فورد]]}} {{S-ach|rec}} {{S-bef|before=[[لیندون بی. جانسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1973–1981}} {{S-aft|after=[[رونالد ریقان]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[نلسون راکفلر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Vice Presidents of the United States by age#Age of vice presidents|Oldest living Vice President of the United States]]|years=1979–1994}} {{S-aft|after=[[جرالد فورد]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Richard Nixon |list1 = {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Eisenhower cabinet}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{USSenCA}} {{United States presidential election, 1952}} {{United States presidential election, 1956}} {{United States presidential election, 1960}} {{United States presidential election, 1968}} {{United States presidential election, 1972}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{Nixon cabinet}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1960s|California|Law|Politics|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:ریچارد نیکسون]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۱۳-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۴-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:نیویورک دوغوملو وکیللر]] [[بؤلمه:سیدل ریور، نیوجرسی دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:سان کلمنت، کالیفورنیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:وایتیر، کالیفورنیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:یوربا لیندا، کالیفورنیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] 1c5g6j9twl6h3wnt42318daidjouaon 0 19183 1590683 1584393 2026-07-15T08:46:58Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 4 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = جان اف. کندی | image = John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg<!--DO NOT change without gaining talk page consensus--> | caption = Kennedy in the Oval Office, July 1963 | office = 35th [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = Lyndon B. Johnson | term_start = January 20, 1961 | term_end = November 22, 1963 | predecessor = [[دوایت آیزنهاور]] | successor = [[لیندون بی. جانسون]] | jr/sr1 = United States Senator | state1 = [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] | term_start1 = January 3, 1953 | term_end1 = December 22, 1960 | predecessor1 = [[هنری کابوت لاج، جونیور]] | successor1 = [[بنجامین ای. اسمیت]] | state2 = [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] | district2 = {{ushr|MA|11|11th}} | term_start2 = January 3, 1947 | term_end2 = January 3, 1953 | predecessor2 = [[جیمز مایکل کرلی]] | successor2 = [[تیپ اونیل]] | birth_name = John Fitzgerald Kennedy | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1917|5|29}} | birth_place = [[بروکلاین، ماساچوست]], U.S. | death_date = {{Nowrap|{{death date and age|1963|11|22|1917|5|29}}}} | death_cause = [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|Assassination]] ([[Gunshot wound]]) | death_place = [[دالاس]], [[تکزاس ایالتی]], U.S. | restingplace = [[Arlington National Cemetery]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Jacqueline Lee Bouvier]]|September 12, 1953}} | children = {{دوز لیست|Arabella, [[کرولاین کندی]], [[John F. Kennedy Jr.|John Jr.]] and [[Patrick Bouvier Kennedy|Patrick]]}} | parents = [[جوزف کندی سینیر]]<br />[[Rose Fitzgerald]] | relatives = See [[Kennedy family]] | education = [[هاروارد بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br />[[استنفورد بیلیم‌یوردو]] | signature = John F Kennedy Signature 2.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | allegiance = {{بایراق|United States|1912}} | branch = {{بایراق|United States Navy}} | serviceyears = 1941–1945 | rank = [[File:US Navy O3 infobox.svg|25px]] [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] | unit = Motor Torpedo Squadron 2<br />{{•}}[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109|Patrol Torpedo Boat 109]]<br />{{•}}[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-59|Patrol Torpedo Boat 59]] | battles = [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]]<br />{{•}}[[Solomon Islands campaign]] | mawards = [[File:Navy and Marine Corps Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Navy and Marine Corps Medal]]<br />[[File:Purple Heart BAR.svg|border|23px]] [[Purple Heart]]<br />[[File:American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[American Defense Service Medal]]<br />[[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[American Campaign Medal]]<br />[[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] (with 3 [[service star]]s)<br />[[File:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory]]<ref name="JFKlibrary.org misc">{{cite web |url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/Reference+Desk/John+F.+Kennedy+Miscellaneous+Information.htm |title=John F. Kennedy Miscellaneous Information |publisher=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831043852/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical%2BResources/Archives/Reference%2BDesk/John%2BF.%2BKennedy%2BMiscellaneous%2BInformation.htm |archivedate=August 31, 2009}}</ref> | native_name = {{Nobold|John F. Kennedy}} }} ''' جان اف کندی''' {{اینگیلیسجه| '''John Fitzgerald Kennedy'''}} (دوغوم:۱۹۱۷،اؤلوم:۱۹۶۳) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۵اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۶۱دن اؤلدورولمه‌سینه قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. [[ایکینجی دونیا ویریشماسی]]ندا [[آرام اوقیانوسو]]ندا گمی باشکانی اولموشدو و اوز قوشونون اؤلومدن قوتارماقا گوره اونا بهادورلوق نیشانی وئردیلر.باشباخان سئچیلنده ۴۳ یاشی واریدی اونا گوره ان یاشی آز آمریکا باشباخانی اولاراق.اوندان قاباخ [[تئودور روزولت]] بو یاشی آز اولاردی. اونون چاغیندا اوز وئرن ایشلر [[دونوزلار کؤرفزی]]نه یورومک. [[کوبا]] موشکلری قورخوسو.[[برلین]] دوواری چکیلماق.و گویه گئتماق مسابقه سی باشلانیشی .[[ویتنام]] اؤلکه سینین قاریشماسی کی اوندان سورا ویرشماسی باشلاندی ومدنی حقوقی ایشلرین قارشی سی اولور. ۱۹۶۳ده نوامبر آینین ۲۲سی ۴۶ یاشیندا اؤلدورولدی.اونون اؤلدورلمه سی آمریکا تاریخینده آدلیم بیر ایشدی.او تکجه رومی [[کاتولیک]] دونوشونده اولان باشباخاندی. آخیر [[دموکرات]] آداخلی کی آمریکا قوزی ایالتریندن سئچیلدی. و بیرینجی باشباخان کی ایرکینجی یوزایلده دونیاه گوز آچیب.و آخیر کیمسه کی باشباخان سئچیلنده [[سنا یغینجان]]دا سناتوریدی. ==مدیا== {{Listen | filename = JFK ColdWarsOrigin.ogg | title = Kennedy comments on the possible prevention of the Cold War | description = President Kennedy comments on the possible prevention of the Cold War | format = [[Vorbis]] | filename2 = JFKennedy November1963.ogg | title2 = Kennedy's message to Turkey | description2 = Kennedy's message to Turkish President [[Cemal Gursel]] and The Turkish People on the Anniversary of the Death of [[مصطفی کمال آتاتورک]], November 10, 1963 ([[:File:JFKennedy on Ataturk 1963.pdf|accompanying text]]) | format2 = [[Vorbis]] | filename3 = Discurso de Kennedy.ogg | title3 = Announcement to go to the moon | description3 = Announcement by John F. Kennedy to go to the moon (duration 11:00) | format3 = [[Vorbis]] | filename4 = Secret_Societies_speech.flac | title4 = Secret Societies speech | description4 = JFK Secret Societies speech | format4 = [[FLAC]] }} [[File:Kennedy inauguration footage.ogg|thumb|center|Newsreel footage of the inauguration ceremony and speeches]] ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== ===اتک‌یازیلار=== {{قایناق|25em}} ===وب‌سایتلار=== {{Refbegin|20em}} * {{cite book | last1 = Alford | first1 = Mimi | author1-link = Mimi Alford | last2 = Newman | first2 = Judith | year = 2011 | title = Once Upon A Secret: My Affair with President John F. Kennedy and its Aftermath | publisher = Hutchinson | location = London | isbn = 978-0-09-193175-9 | ref = {{SfnRef|Alford|2011}} }} * {{cite book| last = Ballard | first = Robert D. | authorlink = Robert Ballard | year = 2002 | title = Collision With History: The Search for John F. Kennedy's PT 109 | publisher = National Geographic | location = Washington, D.C. | isbn = 978-0-7922-6876-5 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/collisionwithhis0000ball }} * {{cite book| last = Barnes | first = John | year = 2007 | title = John F. Kennedy on Leadership | publisher = AMACOM | location = | isbn = 978-0814474556 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedyonle00barn }} * {{cite book | last = Bilharz | first = Joy Ann | year = 2002 | origyear = 1998 | title = The Allegany Senecas and Kinzua Dam: Forced Relocation Through Two Generations | url = https://archive.org/details/alleganysenecask0000bilh | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | location = Lincoln | isbn = 978-0-8032-1282-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Blight | first1 = James G. | last2 = Lang | first2 = Janet M. | year = 2005 | title = The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara | url = https://archive.org/details/fogofwarlessonsf0000blig | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | location = Lanham, MD | isbn = 978-0-7425-4221-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book |last=Brauer |first=Carl M. |chapter=John F. Kennedy |editor-last=Graff |editor-first=Henry |title=The Presidents: A Reference History |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse_d5m4 |edition=7th |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse_d5m4/page/481 481]–498 |isbn=978-0-684-80551-1 |ref={{SfnRef|Brauer 2002}} }} * {{cite book |last=Brinkley |first=Alan |title=John F. Kennedy |url=https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedy0000brin_c2y4 |date=2012 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8050-8349-1 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal | last = Bryant | first = Nick |date=Autumn 2006 | title = Black Man Who Was Crazy Enough to Apply to Ole Miss | journal = The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education | issue = 53 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Bugliosi | first = Vincent | authorlink = Vincent Bugliosi | title = Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy| year = 2007 | publisher = Norton | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-393-04525-3| ref = harv | title-link = Reclaiming History }} * {{cite book | last = Cohen | first = Andrew | title = Two Days in June: John F. Kennedy and the 48 Hours That Changed History | publisher = McClelland & Stewart | edition = illustrated, reprint | date = 2016 | origyear = 2014 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jtIpDAAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-0771023897 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Dallek | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Dallek | year = 2003 | title = An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 | publisher = Little, Brown and Co | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-316-17238-7 | ref = harv | title-link = An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 }} * {{cite book| last = Donovan | first = Robert J. | authorlink = Robert J. Donovan | year = 2001 | origyear = 1961 | title = PT-109: John F. Kennedy in WW II | edition = 40th Anniversary | publisher = McGraw Hill | isbn = 978-0-07-137643-3 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/pt109johnfkenned00dono_0 }} * {{cite book | last = Doyle | first = William | authorlink = | year = 2015 | title = PT-109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy | url = https://archive.org/details/pt109americanepi0000doyl | publisher = Harper-Collins | location = New York City | isbn = 978-0-06-234658-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Dudley | first1 = Robert L. | last2 = Shiraev | first2 = Eric | year = 2008 | title = Counting Every Vote: The Most Contentious Elections in American History | url = https://archive.org/details/countingeveryvot0000dudl | url-access = registration | publisher = Potomac Books | location = Dulles, VA | isbn = 978-1-59797-224-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Dunnigan | first1 = James | authorlink1 = Jim Dunnigan | last2 = Nofi | first2 = Albert | authorlink2 = Albert Nofi | year = 1999 | title = Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War | url = https://archive.org/details/dirtylittlesecre0000dunn_w1r1 | publisher = St. Martin's | isbn = 978-0-312-19857-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Frum | first = David | authorlink = David Frum | year = 2000 | title = How We Got Here: The '70s | url = https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum | url-access = registration | publisher = Basic Books | isbn = 978-0-465-04196-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book|last=Gibson|first=Bryan R.|title=Sold Out? US Foreign Policy, Iraq, the Kurds, and the Cold War|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-48711-7|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|last=Gleijeses|first= Piero|title=Ships in the Night: The CIA, the White House and the Bay of Pigs|journal=Journal of Latin American Studies|date= February 1995|volume= 27|issue= 1|pages=1–42 | issn= 0022-216X|doi= 10.1017/S0022216X00010154|url= https://semanticscholar.org/paper/2304a969486887fe2978bfdf7082386cd0a29507}} * {{cite book | last = Goduti Jr. | first = Philip A. | title = Robert F. Kennedy and the Shaping of Civil Rights, 1960–1964 | publisher = McFarland | date = 2012 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hZKgdn5CJ5IC | isbn = 978-1476600871 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book| last = Herst | first = Burton | year = 2007 | title = Bobby and J. Edgar: The Historic Face-Off Between the Kennedys and J. Edgar Hoover That Transformed America | publisher = Basic Books | isbn = 978-0-7867-1982-2 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/bobbyjedgarhisto00hers }} * {{cite book| last = Jewell | first = Elizabeth | year = 2005 | title = U.S. Presidents Factbook | publisher = Random House | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-375-72073-4 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780375720734 }} * {{cite book| last = Karnow | first = Stanley | authorlink = Stanley Karnow | year = 1991 | title = Vietnam, A History | publisher = Penguin | isbn = 978-0-670-74604-0 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/vietnamhistory00karn }} * {{cite book | last = Kempe | first = Frederick | authorlink = Frederick Kempe | year = 2011 | title = Berlin 1961 | publisher = G.P. Putnam's Sons | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-399-15729-5 | ref = harv | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/berlin1961kenned0000kemp }} * {{cite book| last = Kenney | first = Charles | year = 2000 | title = John F. Kennedy: The Presidential Portfolio | publisher = PublicAffairs | isbn = 978-1-891620-36-2 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedypre00kenn }} * {{cite book| last = Leaming | first = Barbara | year = 2006 | title = Jack Kennedy: The Education of a Statesman | publisher = W. W. Norton | isbn = 978-0-393051-61-2 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/jackkennedy00barb }} * {{cite book | last = Maier | first = Thomas | year = 2004 | title = The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings | url = https://archive.org/details/kennedysamericas00maie | url-access = registration | ref = harv }} * {{cite book| last = Matthews | first = Chris | authorlink = Chris Matthews | year = 2011 | title = Jack Kennedy: Elusive Hero | publisher = Simon & Schuster | isbn = 978-1-4516-3508-9 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/jackkennedyelusi00matt }} * {{cite book | last = McNamara | first = Robert S. | authorlink = Robert McNamara | year = 2000 | title = Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy | url = https://archive.org/details/argumentwithoute00mcna | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book| last=Nelson | first=Craig | title=Rocket Men: The Epic Story of the First Men on the Moon | location=New York | publisher=John Murray | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-670-02103-1 | ref={{SfnRef|Nelson|2009}} | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780670021031 }} * {{cite book| last = O'Brien | first = Michael | year = 2005 | title = John F. Kennedy: A Biography | publisher = Thomas Dunne | isbn = 978-0-312-28129-8 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedybiog00obri }} * {{cite book | last = Osborne | first = Robert | year = 2006 | title = Leading Ladies: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actresses of the Studio Era | url = https://archive.org/details/leadingladies50m0000sarv | publisher = Chronicle Books | isbn = 978-0811852487 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book| last = Reeves | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Reeves (American writer) | year = 1993 | title = President Kennedy: Profile of Power | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-64879-4 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/presidentkennedy00reev_0 }} * {{cite book | last = Salt | first = Jeremey | year = 2008 | title = The Unmaking of the Middle East: A History of Western Disorder in Arab lands | url = https://archive.org/details/unmakingofmiddle0000salt | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley | isbn = 978-0-520-25551-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Schlesinger | first = Arthur M. Jr | authorlink = Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. | title = A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House | origyear = 1965 | year = 2002 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-618-21927-8 | ref = harv | title-link = A Thousand Days (book) }} * {{cite book | last = Sorensen | first = Theodore | authorlink = Ted Sorensen | title = Kennedy | url = https://archive.org/details/kennedys00sore | url-access = registration | publisher = Bantam | location = New York | type = paperback | origyear = 1965 | year = 1966 | oclc = 2746832 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Tucker | first = Spencer | title = The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History | publisher = ABC-CLIO | origyear = 1998 | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1851099603 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Walton Jr. | first1 = Hanes | last2 = Smith | first2 = Robert C. | title = American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_2700321070383 | publisher = Addison, Wesley, Longman | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-321-07038-8 | ref = harv }} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{اساس|Bibliography of John F. Kennedy}} {{Refbegin|35em}} * {{Cite book|title=John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction|url=https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedyseco0000brau|last=Brauer|first=Carl. J|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1977|isbn=978-0231083676|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}} * {{Cite book|title=John F. Kennedy and a New Generation|last=Burner|first=David|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=1988|isbn=978-0205603459|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}} * Casey, Shaun. ''The Making of a Catholic President: Kennedy vs. Nixon 1960'' (2009, {{ISBN|978-0195374483}}) * Collier, Peter & Horowitz, David. ''The Kennedys'' (1984, {{ISBN|978-0671447939}}) * Cottrell, John. ''Assassination! The World Stood Still'' (1964, {{OCLC|605055832}}) * {{cite book| last = Douglass| first = James W.| authorlink = James W. Douglass| title = JFK and the Unspeakable: Why He Died and Why It Matters| year = 2008| location = Maryknoll, NY| publisher = Orbis Books| isbn = 978-1-57075-755-6| url = https://archive.org/details/jfkunspeakable00doug_0}} * [[Fay, Paul B., Jr.]] ''The Pleasure of His Company'' (1966, {{OCLC|60678238}}) * [[Freedman, Lawrence]]. ''Kennedy's Wars: Berlin, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam'' (2000, {{ISBN|978-0195134537}}) * Fursenko, Aleksandr and [[Timothy Naftali]]. ''One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro and Kennedy, 1958–1964'' (1997, {{ISBN|978-0393040708}}) * Giglio, James. ''The Presidency of John F. Kennedy'' (1991, {{ISBN|978-0700614363}}) * Hamilton, Nigel. ''JFK: Reckless Youth'' (1992, {{ISBN|978-0679412168}}) * Harper, Paul, and Krieg, Joann P. eds. ''John F. Kennedy: The Promise Revisited'' (1988, {{ISBN|978-0313262012}}) * Harris, Seymour E. ''The Economics of the Political Parties, with Special Attention to Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy'' (1962, {{OCLC|614522002}}) * Heath, Jim F. ''Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy–Johnson Years'' (1976, {{ISBN|978-0253316707}}) * [[سیمور هرش]]. ''The Dark Side of Camelot'' (1997, {{ISBN|978-0316359559}}) * Kunz, Diane B. ''The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations during the 1960s'' (1994, {{ISBN|978-0231081764}}) * Lynch, Grayston L. ''Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs'' (2000, {{ISBN|978-1574881486}}) * Manchester, William. ''Portrait of a President: John F. Kennedy in Profile'' (1967, {{ISBN|978-0316544948}}) * {{cite book| last = Manchester| first = William| authorlink = William Manchester| title =The Death of a President: November 20–25, 1963| year = 1967| publisher =Harper & Row|location=New York| lccn= 67010496| title-link = The Death of a President}} * Massa, Mark S. "A Catholic for President: John F. Kennedy and the Secular Theology of the Houston Speech, 1960." ''Journal of Church and State'' 39 (1997): 297–317. [https://watermark.silverchair.com/39-2-297.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAj4wggI6BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggIrMIICJwIBADCCAiAGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMdhs72Cb-jGhiE2fkAgEQgIIB8SHtn5aQKaJupvCSSf32jMntyZHlE1A2_KEY4MLc0eknle-HJWCOJvYagzKzQn-bIiC4ZUkO6zm0wj_84SL7_Mz7i4xqkafXainzXIRkDNErXMYHYGCIxu_KGcd-Lo-XrdKtHIc_V_8MQArqSWMuw42K1cP-EXupgFhBppV9_5skfIiQKAq2CSDh3zwt9WvKE92cN0BbEGvpZ4bJz4bCv25xX3qBwULbjpvs_ir_Za_03fCZODSLK-uqU25kmeoMm0r5SvF4vn3e2OY9D13_rnZg_pnYmDBWUZ_F3AeJhux0b-Xah0jlrjF0Eup-b3HzH6hi8mZqPo3DrZ-4Alwn_iN77wJagB5tDbm7QnmmO-7O6A3RoPX7aGrQ5AkH05qHjSqmdeWuQSH9Yy_iQuXKEd5TIg2t4npDJ89ymoz3wLGZFn_WaxVvAIanUMcAKm6wkVg_bJMBy_Vv7yScYZJH4v7NlrYQW_V7nTbrOb1CLw7F7OOSvaeeW-h8ErU9-TpiEAvUzhPn7alVXUaUGHK0Ze8aoHmpbeY5hG5NXjx_iJZdkD8DZUNpPY-1yTznIHlUb5B0Z0K38s7lvOj3QMRYTGhAleN_4PnC6NxRAGLuca_6RnZjPVN6NhdWsEMygeti4rhOxJ9D5uo36m1X4WKLPr7R online] * [[John M. Newman|Newman, John M.]] ''JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue, and the Struggle for Power'' (1992, {{ISBN|978-1530477937}}) * Parmet, Herbert. ''Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy'' (1980, {{ISBN|978-0803744523}}) * Parmet, Herbert. ''JFK: The Presidency of John F. Kennedy'' (1983, {{ISBN|978-0385274197}}) * Parmet, Herbert. "The Kennedy Myth". In ''Myth America: A Historical Anthology, Volume II''. Gerster, Patrick, and Cords, Nicholas. (editors.) (1997, {{ISBN|978-1933385136}}) * Rabe, Stephen G. ''John F. Kennedy: World Leader'' (Potomac Books, 2010) 189 pages * Reeves, Thomas. ''A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy'' (1991, {{ISBN|978-0029259658}}); hostile biography * [[Larry Sabato|Sabato, Larry J.]] ''The Kennedy Half-Century: The Lasting Legacy of John F. Kennedy'' (2013, {{ISBN|978-1620402801}}) * [[ارثر مایر شلیزنجر]] ''Robert Kennedy and His Times'' (2018, {{ISBN|978-1328567567}}) [1978] * Whalen, Thomas J. ''JFK and His Enemies: A Portrait of Power'' (2014, {{ISBN|978-1442213746}}) ===Primary sources=== * Goldzwig, Steven R. and Dionisopoulos, George N., eds. ''In a Perilous Hour: The Public Address of John F. Kennedy'' (1995, {{ISBN|978-0313277702}}) * [[Jacqueline Kennedy|Kennedy, Jacqueline]]. ''Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy'' (2011, {{ISBN|1401324258}}). [[Hachette Books#Hyperion Books|Hyperion Books]]. ===Historiography and memory=== * [[Abramson, Jill]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/the-elusive-president.html "Kennedy, the Elusive President"], ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'' October 22, 2013, notes that 40,000 books have been published about JFK * Hellmann, John. ''The Kennedy Obsession: The American Myth of JFK'' (1997, {{ISBN|978-0231107983}}) * {{Cite journal|last=Kazin|first=Michael|date=December 2017|title=An Idol and Once a President: John F. Kennedy at 100|journal=Journal of American History|language=en|volume=104|issue=3|pages=707–726|doi=10.1093/jahist/jax315|issn=0021-8723}} * Santa Cruz, Paul H. ''Making JFK Matter: Popular Memory and the 35th President'' (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2015) xxiv, 363 pp. * Selverstone, Marc J., ed. ''A Companion to John F. Kennedy'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014, {{ISBN|978-1444350364}}), Topical essays by scholars focusing on the historiography {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== ===رسمی=== * [http://www.jfklibrary.org/ John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum] * [http://www.nps.gov/jofi/index.htm John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johnfkennedy White House biography] ===مدیا=== * {{New York Times topic|people/k/john_fitzgerald_kennedy}} * {{C-SPAN|johnkennedy}} ** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151631-1/life-portrait-john-f-kennedy "Life Portrait of John F. Kennedy"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', November 5, 1999 * [http://radiotapes.com/specialpostings.html#JFK Radio coverage of the assassination of President Kennedy as broadcast on WCCO-AM Radio (Minneapolis) and CBS Radio] ===آیری=== * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|K000107}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/kennedy/index.html John F. Kennedy: A Resource Guide] – the Library of Congress * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070811134522/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/kennedy Extensive Essays on JFK] with shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady – [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/kennedy Kennedy Administration] from [[Office of the Historian]], [[United States Government Printing Office]], Washington, D.C. * {{Internet Archive author|sname=John Fitzgerald Kennedy |sopt=t}} * {{Librivox author|id=2572}} * {{بریتانیکا|314791}} access date February 19, 2019 * {{discogs artist|John F. Kennedy}} * {{Curlie|Society/History/By_Region/North_America/United_States/Presidents/Kennedy%2C_John_Fitzgerald/}} * {{IMDb name|0448123}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1666}} *{{Find a Grave|574}} {{John F. Kennedy}} {{Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[جیمز مایکل کرلی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Massachusetts's 11th congressional district]]|years=1947–1953}} {{S-aft|after=[[تیپ اونیل]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[دیوید آی. والش]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] from [[ماساچوست ایالتی]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952|1952]], [[United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1958|1958]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[تد کندی]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[آدلای استیونسون دوم]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1960 United States presidential election|1960]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[لیندون بی. جانسون]]}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[هنری کابوت لاج، جونیور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Massachusetts|United States Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts]]|years=1953–1960|alongside=[[لورت سالتونستال]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[بنجامین ای. اسمیت]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[دوایت آیزنهاور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=President of the United States|years=1961–1963}} {{S-aft|after=[[لیندون بی. جانسون]]}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tomb of the Unknowns|Unknown Soldiers of World War II and the Korean War]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[lying in state|lain in state or honor]] in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1963}} {{S-aft|after=[[Douglas MacArthur]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to John F. Kennedy |list1 = {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Democratic Party (United States)}} {{USSenMA}} {{USRepMA}} {{Cold War}} {{Buddhist crisis|state=collapsed}} {{PT-109}} {{Robert F. Kennedy}} {{Ted Kennedy}} {{Kennedy family}} {{United States presidential election, 1956}} {{United States presidential election, 1960}} {{Kennedy cabinet}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی}} {{PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{Assassination of John F. Kennedy}} {{Pacem in Terris Award laureates |collapsed}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1960s|Catholicism|United States|Politics|World War II}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:جان اف. کندی]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۱۷-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۳-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ماساچوست دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:ماساچوست دوغوملو ژورنالیستلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:برنستبل، ماساچوست دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:بروکلاین، ماساچوست دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:بوستون سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:ماساچوست سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:بوستون دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:جورج‌تاون (واشینقتون، دی سی) دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی]] h3kcuy0z9q094r3gcdjkopf5bouh3ie 0 19184 1590675 1587912 2026-07-15T08:18:47Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = 37 Lyndon Johnson 3x4.jpg | order = 36th | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = {{Unbulleted list|''None'' (1963–1965){{Efn|Johnson was Vice President under [[جان اف. کندی]] and became President upon [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|Kennedy's assassination]] on November 22, 1963. As this was prior to the adoption of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-Fifth Amendment]] in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.}}|{{Nowrap|[[هیوبرت هامفری]] (1965–1969)}}}} | term_start = November 22, 1963 | term_end = January 20, 1969 | predecessor = [[جان اف. کندی]] | successor = [[ریچارد نیکسون]] | order2 = 37th | office2 = Vice President of the United States | president2 = [[جان اف. کندی]] | term_start2 = January 20, 1961 | term_end2 = November 22, 1963 | predecessor2 = [[ریچارد نیکسون]] | successor2 = [[هیوبرت هامفری]] | jr/sr3 = United States Senator | state3 = [[تکزاس ایالتی]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1949 | term_end3 = January 3, 1961 | predecessor3 = [[دبلیو. لی اودنیل]] | successor3 = [[ویلیام ای. باکلی]] | office4 = [[Senate Majority Leader]] | deputy4 = {{Unbulleted list|[[ارل سی. کلمنتس]]|[[مایک منزفیلد]]}} | term_start4 = January 3, 1955 | term_end4 = January 3, 1961 | predecessor4 = [[ویلیام اف. نولند]] | successor4 = [[مایک منزفیلد]] | office5 = [[Senate Minority Leader]] | deputy5 = [[ارل سی. کلمنتس]] | term_start5 = January 3, 1953 | term_end5 = January 3, 1955 | predecessor5 = [[استایلز بریجز]] | successor5 = [[ویلیام اف. نولند]] | office6 = [[Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus]] | term_start6 = January 3, 1953 | term_end6 = January 3, 1961 | predecessor6 = [[ارنست دبلیو. مک‌فارلند]] | successor6 = [[مایک منزفیلد]] | office7 = [[Senate Majority Whip]] | leader7 = [[ارنست دبلیو. مک‌فارلند]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1951 | term_end7 = January 3, 1953 | predecessor7 = [[فرانسیس جی. مایرز]] | successor7 = [[لورت سالتونستال]] | state8 = [[تکزاس ایالتی]] | district8 = {{ushr|TX|10|10th}} | term_start8 = April 10, 1937 | term_end8 = January 3, 1949 | predecessor8 = [[جیمز پی. بوچانان]] | successor8 = [[Homer Thornberry]] | birth_name = Lyndon Baines Johnson | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1908|8|27}} | birth_place = [[استون‌وال تکزاس]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1973|1|22|1908|8|27}} | death_place = Stonewall, Texas, U.S. | restingplace = [[Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park|Johnson Family Cemetery]], Stonewall, Texas, U.S.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2014633815/ | title=The Johnson Family Cemetery on the grounds of the LBJ Ranch near Stonewall, Texas. The two slightly larger middle stones mark the final resting places of First Lady Claudia Taylor "Lady Bird" Johnson (somewhat more brightly illuminated by the sun) and President Lyndon B. Johnson}}</ref> | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[لیدی برد جانسون]]|November 17, 1934}} | parents = {{Unbulleted list|[[ساموئل ایلی جان.او.جی.]]|Rebekah Baines}} | children = {{Hlist|[[لیندا بیرد جانسون روب]]|[[Luci Baines Johnson|Luci]]}} | education = {{Unbulleted list|[[سن مارکوس‌ده‌کی تکزاس ایالتی بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[جورج‌تاون بیلیم‌یوردو]]}} | signature = Lyndon B. Johnson - Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink. | awards = [[File:Presidential Medal of Freedom (ribbon).svg|23px|border|link=]] [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (Posthumous; 1980) | allegiance = {{بایراق|United States|1912}} | rank = [[File:US Navy O5 infobox.svg|25px|link=]] [[Commander (United States)|Commander]] | branch = {{بایراق|United States Navy}} | serviceyears = {{Unbulleted list|1940–1941 (Inactive)|1941–1942 (Active)|1942–1964 (Reserve)}} | unit = [[United States Navy Reserve|U.S. Naval Reserve]] | battles = {{Unbulleted list|[[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]]|{{in5}}[[Salamaua–Lae campaign]]}} | mawards = [[File:Silver Star ribbon.svg|23px|border|link=]] [[Silver Star]] | native_name = {{Nobold|Lyndon B. Johnson}} }} [[فایل:Lyndon B. Johnson, photo portrait, leaning on chair, color cropped.jpg|بندانگشتی|لیندون بنیز جانسون]] ''' لیندون بنیز جانسون''' {{اینگیلیسجه| '''Lyndon B. Johnson'''}} (دوغوم:۱۹۰۸،اؤلوم:۱۹۷۳) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۶اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۶۳دن ۱۹۶۹ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|25em}} ===قایناقلامالار=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Bernstein|first=Irving|title=Guns or Butter: The Presidency of Lyndon Johnson|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0195063127|url=https://archive.org/details/gunsorbutterpres00bern}} * {{cite book|last=Caro|first=Robert|title=The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power|url=https://archive.org/details/yearsoflyndonjoh00caro_0|year=1982|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|isbn=978-0679729457}} * {{cite book|last=Caro|first=Robert|title=The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Means of Ascent|url=https://archive.org/details/yearsoflyndonjoh0000caro|year=1990|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|isbn=978-0394528359}} * {{cite book|last=Caro|first=Robert|title=The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master Of The Senate|url=https://archive.org/details/masterofsenate00robe|year=2002|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|isbn=978-0394720951}} * {{cite book|last=Caro|first=Robert|title=The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power|url=https://archive.org/details/passageofpower0000caro_f5u7|year=2012|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|isbn=978-0375713255}} * {{cite book|last=Dallek|first=Robert|title=Lone Star Rising: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973|url=https://archive.org/details/lonestarrisingly00dall_0|year=1991|publisher=Oxford University Press}} * {{cite book|last=Dallek|first=Robert|title=Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973|url=https://archive.org/details/flawedgiantlyndo00dall|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/flawedgiantlyndo00dall/page/524 524]|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195054651}} * {{cite book|last=Gould|first=Lewis L.|title=1968: The Election That Changed America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0yPdDZsjjJ4C|year=2010|publisher=Ivan R. Dee|location=Chicago|isbn=978-1566638623|accessdate=October 25, 2015}} * {{cite book| last = Reeves | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Reeves (American writer) | year = 1993 | title = President Kennedy: Profile of Power | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-671-64879-4 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/presidentkennedy00reev_0 }} * {{cite book|title=Air Force One: a history of the presidents and their planes|last=Walsh|first=Kenneth T.|location=New York|publisher=Hyperion|year=2003|isbn=978-1-4013-0004-3|url=https://archive.org/details/airforceonehisto00wals}} * {{cite book|last=Woods|first=Randall|title=LBJ: Architect of American Ambition|year=2006|publisher=Free Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0684834580|url=https://archive.org/details/lbj00rand}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{اساس|Lyndon B. Johnson bibliography}} {{Refbegin|35em}} * {{cite book|last=Andrew|first=John A.|title=Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society|url=https://archive.org/details/lyndonjohnsongre0000andr|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Ivan R. Dee|location=Chicago|isbn=978-1566631853|oclc=37884743}} * Berman, Larry. ''Lyndon Johnson's War: The Road to Stalemate in Vietnam'' (1991) * {{cite book|last=Bornet|first=Vaughn Davis|title=The Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyoflynd00born|url-access=registration|year=1983|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence|isbn=978-0700602421}} * {{cite book|last=[[H. W. Brands|Brands]]|first=H. W.|title=The Wages of Globalism: Lyndon Johnson and the Limits of American Power|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0195113778}} * Cohen, Warren I., and Nancy Bernkopf Tuckerm, eds. ''Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World: American Foreign Policy 1963–1968'' (Cambridge UP, 1994). * Colman, Jonathan. ''The Foreign Policy of Lyndon B. Johnson: The United States and the World, 1963–1969'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2010) * {{cite book|last=Dallek|first=Robert|title=Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1280502965|url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103184871|access-date=2020-06-06|archive-date=2012-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525173219/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103184871|url-status=dead}}, Abridged version of his two-volume biography * Ellis, Sylvia (2013). ''Freedom's Pragmatist: Lyndon Johnson and Civil Rights.'' Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. * Gavin, Francis J. and Mark Atwood Lawrence, eds. (2014) ''Beyond the Cold War: Lyndon Johnson and the New Global Challenges of the 1960s'' {{Doi|10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790692.001.0001}} online * Lichtenstein, Nelson, ed. ''Political Profiles: The Johnson Years''. 1976. short biographies of 400+ key politicians * {{cite book|last=Schulman|first=Bruce J.|title=Lyndon B. Johnson and American Liberalism: A Brief Biography with Documents|year=1995|publisher=Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press|location=Boston|isbn=978-0312083519|url=https://archive.org/details/lyndonbjohnsonam00schu}} * Vandiver, Frank E. ''Shadows of Vietnam: Lyndon Johnson's Wars'' (1997) * Woods, Randall B. ''Prisoners of Hope: Lyndon B. Johnson, the Great Society, and the Limits of Liberalism'' (2016), 480pp. * Zarefsky, David. ''President Johnson's War on Poverty'' (1986). ===Historiography=== * Catsam, Derek. "The Civil Rights Movement and the Presidency in the Hot Years of the Cold War: A Historical and Historiographical Assessment." ''History Compass'' 6#1 (2008): 314–344. * Germany, Kent B. "Historians and the Many Lyndon Johnsons: A Review Essay" ''Journal of Southern History'' (2009) 75#4 pp.&nbsp;1001–1028. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27779121 in JSTOR] * Lerner, Mitchell B. ''A Companion to Lyndon B. Johnson'' (2012), Scholarly essays on all aspects of Johnson's career {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150801095711/http://www.lbjlibrary.org/ Presidential Library & Museum] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/lyndonbjohnson White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221235007/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/lyndonbjohnson |date=2017-02-21 }} * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|J000160}} * [http://presidentialrecordings.rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/ The Presidential Recordings of Lyndon B. Johnson Digital Edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506012408/https://presidentialrecordings.rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/ |date=2021-05-06 }} * {{C-SPAN|lyndonjohnson}} * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151632-1/life-portrait-lyndon-b-johnson "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', November 12, 1999 * {{Internet Archive author|search=("Lyndon Baines Johnson" OR "Lyndon Johnson" OR "Lyndon B. Johnson" OR "LBJ")}} * {{Librivox author|id=11302}} * {{New York Times topic|people/j/lyndon_baines_johnson}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/lbjohnson/index.html Lyndon Baines Johnson: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070422143150/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/lbjohnson Extensive essays on Lyndon Johnson] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/lbj/player/ ''LBJ''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220235544/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/lbj/player/ |date=2016-12-20 }}, an ''[[American Experience]]'' documentary * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Johnson-Lyndon-B Lyndon B. Johnson Personal Manuscripts] * {{IMDb name|0425696}} {{Lyndon B. Johnson}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[جیمز پی. بوچانان]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Texas|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Texas's 10th congressional district]]|years=1937–1949}} {{S-aft|after=[[Homer Thornberry]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[دبلیو. لی اودنیل]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] nominee for [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالترینین سنا مجلیسی]] from [[تکزاس ایالتی]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 2]])|years=[[United States Senate elections, 1948 and 1949|1948]], [[1954 United States Senate elections|1954]], [[United States Senate elections, 1960 and 1961|1960]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام ای. باکلی]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[فرانسیس جی. مایرز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Democratic Whip]]|years=1951–1953}} {{S-aft|after=[[ارل سی. کلمنتس]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[ارنست دبلیو. مک‌فارلند]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Democratic Leader]]|years=1953–1961}} {{S-aft|after=[[مایک منزفیلد]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[استیس کیفائور]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[1960 United States presidential election|1960]]}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[هیوبرت هامفری]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان اف. کندی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1964 United States presidential election|1964]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{S-bef|before=[[دبلیو. لی اودنیل]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Texas|U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Texas]]|years=1949–1961|alongside=[[تام کانلی]], [[پرایس دانیل]], [[ویلیام ای. باکلی]], [[رالف دبلیو. یاربرو]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام ای. باکلی]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[فرانسیس جی. مایرز]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Whip]]|years=1951–1953}} {{S-aft|after=[[لورت سالتونستال]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[ارنست دبلیو. مک‌فارلند]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]]|years=1953–1955}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام اف. نولند]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[ویلیام اف. نولند]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]]|years=1955–1961}} {{S-aft|after=[[مایک منزفیلد]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-new|rows=2|office}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the Senate Reception Room Committee|years=1955–1957}} {{S-non|reason=Position abolished}} {{S-break}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences|Senate Space Committee]]|years=1958–1961}} {{S-aft|after=[[رابرت اس. کر]]}} {{S-break}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1961–1963}} {{S-aft|after=[[هیوبرت هامفری]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان اف. کندی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1963–1969}} {{S-aft|after=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[مارتین لوتر کینگ]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]]|years=1964}} {{S-aft|after=[[ویلیام وستمورلند]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Baby boomer]]s}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]]|years=1967}} {{S-aft|after=Astronauts of [[Apollo 8]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[هری ترومن]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1972–1973}} {{S-aft|after=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[J. Edgar Hoover]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Persons who have [[lying in state|lain in state or honor]]<br />in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]]|years=1973}} {{S-aft|after=[[هیوبرت هامفری]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Articles related to Lyndon B. Johnson |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{LBJohnson cabinet}} {{Democratic Party (United States)}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{USSenTX}} {{USSenMajLead}} {{USSenMinLead}} {{USSenDemLead}} {{USSenMajWhips}} {{USSenDemWhip}} {{Civil rights movement}} {{Cold War}} {{United States presidential election, 1956}} {{United States presidential election, 1960}} {{United States presidential election, 1964}} {{United States presidential election, 1968}} {{Kennedy cabinet}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1960s|Civil rights movement|Liberalism|Politics|Texas|World War II|United States}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:لیندون بی. جانسون]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۰۸-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۳-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:فردریکسبرق، تکزاس دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس دموکراتلاری]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس سناتورلار]] [[بؤلمه:آستین، تقزاس دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی]] sghec5ds8yax42ges60a113kepyyyub 0 19185 1590624 1588389 2026-07-15T06:33:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = رونالد ریقان | image = Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg | order = 40th | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = George H. W. Bush | term_start = January 20, 1981 | term_end = January 20, 1989 | predecessor = [[جیمی کارتر]] | successor = [[جورج هربرت واکر بوش]] | order1 = 33rd | office1 = Governor of California | lieutenant1 = {{Unbulleted list |[[روبرت فینچ (سیاستچی)]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Oliver |first1=Myrna |title=Robert H. Finch, Lt. Gov. Under Reagan, Dies : Politics: Leader in California GOP was 70. He also served in Nixon's Cabinet and as President's special counselor and campaign manager. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-11-mn-55826-story.html |accessdate=April 4, 2020 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 11, 1995}}</ref> |[[ادوین رئینک]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chang |first1=Cindy |title=Ed Reinecke, who resigned as California's lieutenant governor after a perjury conviction, dies at 92 |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-reinecke-obit-20161225-story.html |accessdate=April 4, 2020 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> |[[John L. Harmer]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=South |first1=Garry |title=California's lieutenant governors rarely move up to the top job |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/California-s-lieutenant-governors-rarely-move-12932482.php |accessdate=April 4, 2020 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref> }} | term_start1 = January 2, 1967 | term_end1 = January 6, 1975 | predecessor1 = [[Pat Brown]] | successor1 = [[جری براون]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Colin |title=Jerry Brown's Environmental Record Runs Deep |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/10/08/08greenwire-jerry-browns-environmental-record-runs-deep-44334.html?pagewanted=3 |accessdate=April 4, 2020 |work=[[نیویورک تایمز]] |date=October 8, 2010}}</ref> | office2 = 9th and 13th President of the<br />[[Screen Actors Guild]] | term_start2 = November 16, 1959 | term_end2 = June 12, 1960 | predecessor2 = [[هاوارد کیل]] | successor2 = [[جرج چندلر]] | term_start3 = November 17, 1947 | term_end3 = November 9, 1952 | predecessor3 = [[رابرت مونتقومری (اویونچو)]] | successor3 = [[والتر پیجن]] | birthname = Ronald Wilson Reagan | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1911|2|6}} | birth_place = [[تامپیکو، ایلینوی]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|2004|6|5|1911|2|6}} | death_place = [[لوس‌آنجلس]], [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]], U.S. {{labeldata|Buried| [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum]]}} | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] (1962–2004) | otherparty = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی]] (until 1962) | spouse = {{Unbulleted list |{{Marriage|[[جین وایمن]]|January 26, 1940|July 19, 1949|end=div}} |{{Marriage|[[نانسی ریقان]]<br />|March 4, 1952}} }} | children = {{دوز لیست| * [[Maureen Reagan|Maureen]] * Christine * [[Michael Reagan|Michael]] * [[پتی دیویس]] * [[Ron Reagan|Ron]]}} | parents = {{Unbulleted list |[[Jack Reagan]] |[[Nelle Wilson Reagan|Nelle Wilson]] }} | occupation = {{Hlist|Politician|trade unionist|actor|author|broadcaster}} | relatives = [[Neil Reagan]] (brother) | education = [[Eureka College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (1993) * [[Congressional Gold Medal]] (2000) * [[#Honors|See more]] }} | signature = Ronald Reagan Signature2.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | allegiance = United States | branch = [[United States Army Air Forces]] | serviceyears = 1942–1945 | rank = [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] | unit = [[18th AAF Base Unit]] | battles = [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]]<br /> * [[American Theater (World War II)|American Theater]] | native_name = {{Nobold|Ronald Reagan}} }} '''رونالد ویلسون ریقان''' {{اینگیلیسجه| '''Ronald Reagan'''}} (دوغوم: {{تاریخ تولد|۱۹۱۱|۲|۶}} اولوم: {{تاریخ مرگ و سن|۲۰۰۴|۶|۵|۱۹۱۱|۲|۶}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۴۰اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۸۱دن ۱۹۸۹ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ریقان قورباچفنان تاریخی بیر موباحیثه سی یوخسا قونوشمتسی اولموش دو ریقان دونمینده [[لیبی سوسیالیست خالق جماهیریسی|لیبی]]<nowiki/>نین [[معمر قذافی|قذافی]] دولتی آمریکانون باتی [[آلمان]]<nowiki/>دا اولان عسگرلرینه قارشی بیر تروریستی اولاراخ حمله اتدی. == قالری == <gallery > ‏ فایل:Portrait of Ronald Reagan, Neil Reagan, Jack Reagan, and Nelle Reagan in Galesburg, Illinois.jpg ‏ فایل:Ronald_Reagan_in_Dixon,_Illinois,_1920s.jpg ‏ فایل:President Ronald Reagan Being Sworn in for a Second Term by Chief Justice Warren Burger as Nancy Reagan Observes in the United States Capitol Rotunda - DPLA - 600a88cff2aa976f32fba60dfed88960.jpg ‏ فایل:President Ronald Reagan with George Bush and Thomas "Tip" O'Neil Applauding Addresses Congress and The Nation on The Program for Economic Recovery from The United States Capitol (Fi - DPLA - 178c9e486087fe38887b7c08c0179a76.jpg ‏ فایل:President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan honor the victims of the bombing of the United States Embassy in Beirut.jpg ‏ فایل:Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, Pat Nixon, and Richard Nixon in 1970.jpg ‏ فایل:Ronald_Reagan_lies_in_state_June_10.jpg ‏ فایل:President Ronald Reagan Meeting with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at 10 Downing Street in London, England.jpg ‏ فایل:Ronald_Reagan_televised_address_from_the_Oval_Office,_outlining_plan_for_Tax_Reduction_Legislation_July_1981.jpg ‏ فایل:Reagans_with_USS_Ronald_Reagan_model_1996.jpg ‏ فایل:Wyman_&_Reagan.jpg </gallery> ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==اتک‌یازیلار== {{قایناق}} ==قایناقلار== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|author=Beschloss, Michael|authorlink=Michael Beschloss|title=Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How they Changed America 1789–1989|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentialcour00besc|year=2008|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-5744-2}} * Brands, H.W. ''Reagan: The Life'' (2015) * {{cite book|author=Bumgarner, John R.|title=The Health of the Presidents: The 41 United States Presidents Through 1993 from a Physician's Point of View|url=https://archive.org/details/healthofpresiden0000bumg|location=Jefferson, NC|publisher=MacFarland & Company|year=1994|isbn=978-0-89950-956-3}} * {{cite book|author=Cannon, Lou|authorlink=Lou Cannon|title=President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime|origyear=1991|year=2000 |publisher=PublicAffairs |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentreagan000cann |url-access=registration|location=New York |isbn=978-1-891620-91-1}} * {{cite book|title=Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio: A History Illustrated from the Collection of the Ronald Reagan Library and Museum|author1=Cannon, Lou|author2=Beschloss, Michael|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=978-1-891620-84-3|year=2001|url=https://archive.org/details/ronaldreaganpres00cann}} * {{cite book|author=Cannon, Lou|title=Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power|url=https://archive.org/details/governorreaganhi0000cann|publisher=PublicAffairs|year=2003|isbn=978-1-58648-284-8}} * {{cite book|author=Hayward, Steven F.|authorlink=Steven F. Hayward|title=The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980–1989|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofreaganconse0000stev|year=2009|isbn=978-0-307-45369-3}} * Holden, Kenneth. ''Making of the Great Communicator: Ronald Reagan's Transformation From Actor To Governor'' (2013) * {{cite book|author=Kengor, Paul|year=2004|title=God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0-06-057141-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780060571412}} * {{cite book|author=Pemberton, William E.|url=https://archive.org/details/exitwithhonorlif00pemb |url-access=registration|title=Exit With Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7656-0096-7}} * {{cite journal|jstor = 25161839|title = Governor Reagan: A Reappraisal|journal = California History|volume = 83|issue = 4|pages = 24–45|last1 = Putnam|first1 = Jackson K.|year = 2006|doi = 10.2307/25161839}} * {{cite book|author=Reeves, Richard|authorlink=Richard Reeves (American writer)|title=President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination|year=2005|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7432-3022-3|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentreagant00reev}} * Spitz, Bob. ''Reagan: An American Journey'' (2018) 880pp; detailed biography. * {{cite book|author=Troy, Gil|authorlink=Gil Troy|title=The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/reaganrevolution0000troy_i6p2|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press}} * {{cite book|author=Wills, Garry|authorlink=Garry Wills|title=Reagan's America: Innocents at Home|url=https://archive.org/details/reagansamericain00will|url-access=registration|year=1987|publisher=Doubleday|location=Garden City, NY|isbn=978-0-385-18286-7}} {{Refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{اساس|Ronald Reagan bibliography}} ===Primary sources=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book| last1 = Reagan| first1 = Nancy| last2 = Novak| first2 = William| title = My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan| year = 1989| publisher = Random House| location = New York| isbn = 978-0-394-56368-8 | title-link = My Turn (memoir)}} H. W. Brands ''Reagan: The Life'' (2015) p.&nbsp;743 says "she wrote one of the most candid and at times self-critical memoirs in recent American political history." * {{cite book|author=Reagan, Ronald|title=An American Life|url=https://archive.org/details/americanlife00reag|url-access=registration|year=1990|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-6716-9198-1}} * {{cite book|author=Reagan, Nancy|authorlink=Nancy Reagan|title=I Love You, Ronnie: The Letters of Ronald Reagan to Nancy Reagan|url=https://archive.org/details/iloveyouronniele0000nanc|year=2002|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=978-0-375-76051-8}} * {{cite book|author=Reagan, Ronald|title=Reagan: A Life in Letters|url=https://archive.org/details/reaganlifeinlett0000kiro|year=2003|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7432-1967-9|editor-last1=Skinner|editor-first1=Kiron K.|editor-last2=Anderson|editor-first2=Annelise|editor-last3=Anderson|editor-first3=Martin}} * {{cite book|author=Reagan, Ronald|title=The Reagan Diaries|year=2007|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=978-0-0608-7600-5|editor-last=Brinkley|editor-first=Douglas|url=https://archive.org/details/reagandiaries00reag}} {{Refend}} ===Historiography=== * Johns, Andrew L., ed. ''A Companion to Ronald Reagan'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). xiv, 682 pp.; topical essays by scholars emphasizing historiography; [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118607770 contents free at many libraries] * Kengor, Paul. "Reagan among the professors: His surprising reputation." ''Policy Review'' 98 (1999): 15+. Reports that " many articles in the top journals have been fair, as have a number of influential books...from respected historians, presidential scholars, and political scientists—people who were not Reagan supporters and are certainly not right-wingers. ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== * {{بریتانیکا|492882}} ===رسمی=== * [http://www.reaganfoundation.org/ Ronald Reagan Foundation & Presidential Library] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/ronaldreagan White House biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903032212/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/ronaldreagan |date=2016-09-03 }} * [http://reagan.eureka.edu/ Ronald Reagan & His Legacy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219081342/http://reagan.eureka.edu/ |date=2020-02-19 }} at [[Eureka College]] ===مدیا=== * {{C-SPAN|ronaldreagan}} ** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151636-1/life-portrait-ronald-reagan "Life Portrait of Ronald Reagan"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', December 6, 1999 * [https://www.npr.org/news/specials/obits/reagan/audio_archive.html Ronald Reagan audio archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212124107/https://www.npr.org/news/specials/obits/reagan/audio_archive.html |date=2020-02-12 }} at NPR * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202034831/http://millercenter.org/president/reagan/oralhistory Ronald Reagan Oral Histories] from the Miller Center of Public Affairs * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140326134308/http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt7w1036nz%3Bdeveloper%3Dlocal%3Bstyle%3Doac4%3Bdoc.view%3Ditems Television ads from Reagan's 1976 campaign] for the Republican presidential nomination, which among the Citizens for Reagan records at the Hoover Institution Archives * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054041/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline] at [[PBS]] * {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMP5_7v48WfDKfoirLCcNgQ|title=Reagan Library|publisher=YouTube}} ===خبرلر=== * {{New York Times topic|people/r/ronald_wilson_reagan}} * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/politics/specials/reagan/ Ronald Reagan] from ''[[The Washington Post]]'' * [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/reagan/ Ronald Reagan] at [[سی ان ان]] * {{Guardian topic|world/ronald-reagan|Ronald Reagan}} ===مستندلر=== * [http://millercenter.org/president/reagan Essays on Ronald Reagan, each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034618/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/reagan/player/ ''The Presidents: Reagan''], an ''[[American Experience]]'' documentary ===آیری=== * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Ronald Wilson Reagan}} * {{Librivox author|id=11305}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1671}} * {{IMDb name|1654|Ronald Reagan}} * {{TCMDb name|id=158794|name=Ronald Reagan}} * {{The Interviews people|ronald-reagan}} * {{Cite archival metadata |author = Finding aid author: Elisa Visick |title = Ronald Reagan radio programs |url = https://findingaid.lib.byu.edu/viewItem/MSS%20SC%20877 |repository = L. Tom Perry Special Collections |location = Provo, UT |year = 2014 |accessdate = May 16, 2016 }} * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Reagan-Ronald Ronald Reagan's Personal Manuscripts] {{Ronald Reagan}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-npo}} {{S-bef|before=[[رابرت مونتقومری (اویونچو)]]}} {{S-ttl|title=President of the [[Screen Actors Guild]]|years=1947–1952}} {{S-aft|after=[[والتر پیجن]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[هاوارد کیل]]}} {{S-ttl|title=President of the [[Screen Actors Guild]]|years=1959–1960}} {{S-aft|after=[[جرج چندلر]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] nominee for [[Governor of California]]|years=[[1966 California gubernatorial election|1966]], [[1970 California gubernatorial election|1970]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[Houston I. Flournoy]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جان چفی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican Governors Association]]|years=1968–1970}} {{S-aft|after=[[لوی نون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جرالد فورد]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[جورج هربرت واکر بوش]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[Pat Brown]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of California]]|years=1967–1975}} {{S-aft|after=[[جری براون]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[جیمی کارتر]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1981–1989}} {{S-aft|after=[[جورج هربرت واکر بوش]]}} {{S-ach|rec}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1981–2004}} {{S-aft|after|after=[[جرالد فورد]]}} {{S-dip}} {{S-bef|before=[[François Mitterrand]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[سککیز قورمو]]|years=1983}} {{S-aft|after=[[Margaret Thatcher]]}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[سئید روح‌الله خمینی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]]|years=1980}} {{S-aft|after=[[Lech Wałęsa]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Personal computer|The Computer]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]]|years=1983|with=[[Yuri Andropov]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[پتر اوبروت]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Ronald Reagan |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Reagan cabinet}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{Governors of California}} {{1968 United States presidential election}} {{1976 United States presidential election}} {{1980 United States presidential election}} {{1984 United States presidential election}} {{Fall of Communism}} {{تایم مجله‌سینین ایل آدامی}} {{NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{SAG Presidents}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Portal bar|Biography|1980s|Film|Conservatism|California|Illinois|Politics|United States}} {{Authority control}} <!-- ALL presidents of the SAG have this category--> [[بؤلمه:رونالد ریگان]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۱۱-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۴-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی کیشی اویونچولار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی کیشی فیلم اویونچولار]] [[بؤلمه:ویدئو کلیپلری اولان مقاله‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا دوغوملو کیشی اویونچولار]] [[بؤلمه:ایلینوی کیشی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:دیکسون، ایلینوی دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:ایلینوی دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] l1pjfq0nep9k1s5k8nrlbcpzepd1n43 0 19187 1590713 1587960 2026-07-15T09:59:51Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 3 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Gerald Ford presidential portrait (cropped).jpg | order = 38th | office = President of the United States | vicepresident = {{Unbulleted list| ''None'' (Aug–Dec. 1974)| [[نلسون راکفلر]]<br />(1974–1977) }} | term_start = August 9, 1974 | term_end = January 20, 1977 | predecessor = [[ریچارد نیکسون]] | successor = [[جیمی کارتر]] | order1 = 40th | office1 = Vice President of the United States | president1 = Richard Nixon | term_start1 = December 6, 1973 | term_end1 = August 9, 1974 | predecessor1 = [[اسپیرو اقنیو]] | successor1 = [[نلسون راکفلر]] | office2 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Leader]] | deputy2 = [[لزلی سی. آرندز]] | term_start2 = January 3, 1965 | term_end2 = December 6, 1973 | predecessor2 = [[چارلز ائی. هالک]] | successor2 = [[جان یاکوب رهودز]] | office3 = [[Leader of the House Republican Conference]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1965 | term_end3 = December 6, 1973 | deputy3 = {{Unbulleted list| [[ملوین لایرد]]<br />(1965–1969) | [[جان بی. اندرسون]]<br />(1969–1973) }} | predecessor3 = [[چارلز ائی. هالک]] | successor3 = [[جان یاکوب رهودز]] | office4 = [[Chair of the House Republican Conference]] | leader4 = Charles A. Halleck | term_start4 = January 3, 1963 | term_end4 = January 3, 1965 | predecessor4 = [[چارلز بی. هوون]] | successor4 = [[ملوین لایرد]] | state5 = [[میشیقان ایالتی]] | district5 = {{ushr|MI|5|5th}} | term_start5 = January 3, 1949 | term_end5 = December 6, 1973 | predecessor5 = [[بارتل جی. جونکمان]] | successor5 = [[ریچارد واندر وین]] | birth_name = Leslie Lynch King Jr. | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1913|7|14}} | birth_place = [[اوماها]], U.S. | death_date = {{Nowrap|{{Death date and age|2006|12|26|1913|7|14}}}} | death_place = [[Rancho Mirage, California]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | parents = {{Plainlist| * [[Leslie Lynch King Sr.]] * [[Dorothy Ayer Gardner Ford]] }} | spouse = {{Marriage|[[بتی فورد]]|October 15, 1948}} | children = {{دوز لیست| * [[جرالد فورد]] * [[جرالد فورد]] * [[Steven Ford|Steven]] * [[سوسان فورد]] }} | education = [[میشیقان بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Yale Law School|Yale University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | signature = Gerald Ford Signature.svg | allegiance = {{flagu|United States|1912|size=23px}} | branch = {{بایراق|United States Navy|1864}} | rank = [[File:US Navy O4 infobox.svg|25px]] [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|Lieutenant commander]] | serviceyears = 1942–1946 | battles = [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]] | mawards = [[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[American Campaign Medal]]<br />[[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] (9 [[campaign stars]])<br />[[File:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory]] | module = {{Infobox college football player | embed = yes | school = Michigan Wolverines | currentnumber = 48 | currentposition = [[Center (gridiron football)|Center]] | class = 1935 | major = Economics | bowlgames = [[East–West Shrine Game]] (1935) | highschool = Grand Rapids South | height_ft = | height_in = | weight_lb = | highlights = {{Plainlist| * 2× [[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|National Champion]] ([[1932 college football season|1932]], [[1933 college football season|1933]]) * 2× [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]] Champion ([[1932 Big Ten Conference football season|1932]], [[1933 Big Ten Conference football season|1933]]) * [[Meyer Morton Award]] (1932) * Michigan MVP ([[1934 Michigan Wolverines football team|1934]]) * No. 48 [[Michigan Wolverines football#Retired numbers|retired by the University of Michigan]] }} }} | native_name = {{Nobold|Gerald Ford}} }} '''جرالد فورد''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Gerald Ford}}) (دوغوم:{{تاریخ تولد|۱۹۱۳|۷|۱۴}}، اؤلوم: {{تاریخ مرگ و سن|۲۰۰۶|۱۲|۲۶|۱۹۱۳|۷|۱۴}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۳۸-جی جومهورباشقانی. ۱۹۷۴-جی ایلدن ۱۹۷۷-جی ایله قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق|colwidth=25em}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Brinkley|first=Douglas|year=2007|title=Gerald R. Ford|isbn=978-0-8050-6909-9|publisher=Times Books|location=New York, New York|url=https://archive.org/details/geraldrford0000brin_o0c0}} short biography * Cannon, James. ''Gerald R. Ford: An Honorable Life'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013) 482 pp. official biography by a member of the Ford administration ** {{cite book|last=Cannon|first=James|year=1993|title=Time and Chance: Gerald R. Ford's Appointment with History|url=https://archive.org/details/timechancegerald0000cann|isbn=978-0-472-08482-1|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Ann Arbor}} older full-scale biography * Conley, Richard S. "Presidential Influence and Minority Party Liaison on Veto Overrides: New Evidence from the Ford Presidency". ''American Politics Research'' 2002 30#1: 34–65. {{ISSN|1532-673X}} Fulltext: in Swetswise * {{cite book|editor1-last=Firestone|editor1-first=Bernard J.|editor2-last=Ugrinsky|editor2-first=Alexej|year=1992|title=Gerald R. Ford and the Politics of Post-Watergate America|url=https://archive.org/details/geraldrfordpolit0001unse|isbn=978-0-313-28009-2|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.}} * {{cite book|last=Greene|first=John Robert|year=1992|title=The Limits of Power: The Nixon and Ford Administrations|isbn=978-0-253-32637-9|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|url=https://archive.org/details/limitsofpowerthe00gree}} * {{cite book|last=Greene|first=John Robert|year=1995|title=The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofgera0000gree|url-access=registration|isbn=978-0-7006-0639-9|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence}}, the major scholarly study * Hersey, John Richard. The President: A Minute-By-Minute Account of a Week in the Life of Gerald Ford. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1975. * Hult, Karen M. and Walcott, Charles E. ''Empowering the White House: Governance under Nixon, Ford, and Carter''. University Press of Kansas, 2004. * Jespersen, T. Christopher. "Kissinger, Ford, and Congress: the Very Bitter End in Vietnam". ''Pacific Historical Review'' 2002 71#3: 439–473. [http://www.flagrancy.net/salvage/vietnam-jespersen.pdf Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801022619/http://www.flagrancy.net/salvage/vietnam-jespersen.pdf |date=2020-08-01 }} * Jespersen, T. Christopher. "The Bitter End and the Lost Chance in Vietnam: Congress, the Ford Administration, and the Battle over Vietnam, 1975–76". ''Diplomatic History'' 2000 24#2: 265–293. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24913801 Online] * {{cite book|last=Kaufman|first=Scott|year=2017|title=Ambition, Pragmatism, and Party: A Political Biography of Gerald R. Ford|url=https://archive.org/details/ambitionpragmati0000kauf|isbn=978-0-7006-2500-0|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kansas}} latest full-scale biography * Maynard, Christopher A. "Manufacturing Voter Confidence: a Video Analysis of the American 1976 Presidential and Vice-presidential Debates". ''Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television'' 1997 17#4 : 523–562. {{ISSN|0143-9685}} Fulltext: in * Moran, Andrew D. "More than a caretaker: the economic policy of Gerald R. Ford." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 41.1 (2011): 39-63. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23884755 online] {{Refend}} ===Primary sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Gerald|title=Presidential Perspectives from the National Archives|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|year=1994|isbn=978-1-880875-04-9|location=Washington, District of Columbia}} * {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Gerald|title=Humor and the Presidency|publisher=Arbor House|year=1987|isbn=978-0-87795-918-2|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/humorpresidency00ford}} * {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Gerald|title=A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford|url=https://archive.org/details/timetohealautobi0000ford|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1979|isbn=978-0-06-011297-4|location=New York, New York}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Presidents/Ford-Gerald-R|title=Gerald Ford Presidential Autograph Letters|date=|publisher=Shapell Manuscript Foundation|access-date=2019-08-25|website=SMF|df=mdy-all}} * {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Gerald|title=Selected Speeches|publisher=R. W. Beatty|year=1973|isbn=978-0-87948-029-5|location=Arlington, Va.|url=https://archive.org/details/selectedspeeches00ford}} * {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Gerald|title=Portrait of the assassin (Lee Harvey Oswald)|url=https://archive.org/details/portraitofassass00ford|url-access=registration|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1965|isbn=978-1121975514|location=New York, New York}} * {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Betty|title=The Times of My Life|url=https://archive.org/details/timesofmylife0000ford|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1978|isbn=978-0-06-011298-1|location=New York}} * {{cite book|last=Casserly|first=John J.|title=The Ford White House: Diary of a Speechwriter|publisher=Colorado Associated University Press|year=1977|isbn=978-0-87081-106-7|location=Boulder|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/fordwhitehouse0000unse}} * {{cite book|last=Coyne|first=John R.|title=Fall in and Cheer|url=https://archive.org/details/fallincheer0000coyn|publisher=Doubleday|year=1979|isbn=978-0-385-11119-5|location=Garden City/N.Y.}} * {{cite book|last=DeFrank|first=Thomas|title=Write It When I'm Gone: Remarkable Off-the-Record Conversations with Gerald R. Ford|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|year=2007|isbn=978-0-399-15450-8|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/writeitwhenimgon00defr}} * {{cite book|last=Gergen|first=David|title=Eyewitness to Power: The Essence of Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/eyewitnesstopowe00davi|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2000|isbn=978-0-684-82663-9|location=New York, New York}}, by speechwriter * {{cite book|last=Hartmann|first=Robert T.|title=Palace Politics: An Insider's Account of the Ford Years|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1980|isbn=978-0-07-026951-4|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/palacepoliticsin00hart}}, by chief of staff * {{cite book|last=Hersey|first=John|title=Aspects of the Presidency: Truman and Ford in Office (The President: A Minute-by-Minute Account of a Week in the Life of Gerald Ford)|publisher=Ticknor & Fields|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89919-012-9|location=New Haven|url=https://archive.org/details/aspectsofpreside00hers}} * {{cite book|last=Kissinger|first=Henry A.|title=Years of Renewal|url=https://archive.org/details/yearsofrenewal0000unse_j2c4|publisher=Touchstone|year=1999|isbn=978-0-684-85572-1|location=New York}} by Secretary of State * {{cite book|editor-last=Thompson|editor-first=Kenneth|title=The Ford Presidency: Twenty-Two Intimate Perspectives of Gerald Ford|url=https://archive.org/details/fordpresidencytw0000unse|publisher=University Press of America|year=1980|isbn=978-0-8191-6960-0|location=Lanham}} {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== <!--===============================================================================--> <!--| WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS. Only a limited number of new links |--> <!--| should be added to this article. Consider adding links to the appropriate |--> <!--| category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org) and link back to that |--> <!--| category using the {{Curlie}} template. |--> <!--| See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for further details |--> <!--===============================================================================--> * <!-- Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template: * [http://www.ontheissues.org/Gerald_Ford.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]] * [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/geraldford Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]] programs * [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/gerald_rudolph_jr_ford/index.html Collected news and commentary] at ''[[نیویورک تایمز]]'' * --> '''رسمی وب‌سایتلار''' * [http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/ Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum] * [http://geraldrfordfoundation.org/ Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/geraldford White House biography] '''مدیا''' * {{New York Times topic|people/f/gerald_rudolph_jr_ford}} * {{C-SPAN|geraldford}} ** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151634-1/life-portrait-gerald-r-ford "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', November 22, 1999 '''آیری''' * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|F000260}} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/ford/index.html Gerald Ford: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070527181420/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/ford Essays on Gerald Ford, each member of his cabinet and First Lady] from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{Internet Archive author|sname=Gerald Rudolph Ford}} * {{Librivox author|id=11303}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=1669}} {{Gerald Ford}} {{Navboxes |title=Offices and distinctions |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-hs}} {{S-bef|before=[[بارتل جی. جونکمان]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Michigan|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Michigan's 5th congressional district]]|years=1949–1973}} {{S-aft|after=[[ریچارد واندر وین]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[چارلز ائی. هالک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Leader]]|years=1965–1973}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان یاکوب رهودز]]}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef|before=[[چارلز بی. هوون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chairman of the House Republican Conference|Chair of the House Republican Conference]]|years=1963–1965}} {{S-aft|after=[[ملوین لایرد]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[چارلز ائی. هالک]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Republican Leader]]|years=1965–1973}} {{S-aft|after=[[جان یاکوب رهودز]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]}} {{S-aft|after=[[رونالد ریقان]]}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[اسپیرو اقنیو]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1973–1974}} {{S-aft|after=[[نلسون راکفلر]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1974–1977}} {{S-aft|after=[[جیمی کارتر]]}} {{S-ach|rec}} {{S-bef|before=[[رونالد ریقان]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=2004–2006}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[جورج هربرت واکر بوش]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[ریچارد نیکسون]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Vice Presidents of the United States by age#Age of vice presidents|Oldest living Vice President of the United States]]|years=1994–2006}} {{S-dip}} {{S-bef|before=[[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chair of the [[سککیز قورمو]]|years=1976}} {{S-aft|after=[[James Callaghan]]}} {{S-end}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Articles related to Gerald Ford |list1= {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{USHouseMinLead}} {{USHouseRepLead}} {{US House Republican Conference Chairs}} {{U.S. Michigan Representatives}} {{WarrenCommission}} {{Cold War}} {{MIHistory}} {{1932 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}} {{1933 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}} {{Nixon cabinet}} {{Ford cabinet}} {{United States presidential election, 1976}} {{NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award}} {{National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners}} {{Lain in State (USA)|state=collapsed}} }} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۹۱۳-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۶-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:میشیقان جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:رانچو مایراج، کالیفورنیا دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:قرندرپیدز، میشیقان سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:اوماها سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:نبراسکا سیاستچیلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] f62ag3551mljo331knnnq9v5qo8edmx 0 19188 1590705 1590505 2026-07-15T09:35:59Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description| 41st president of the United States}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg | order = 41st | office = President of the United States | term_start = January 20, 1989 | term_end = January 20, 1993 | vicepresident = [[دن کویل]] | predecessor = [[رونالد ریقان]] | successor = [[بیل کلینتون]] | order1 = 43rd | office1 = Vice President of the United States | term_start1 = January 20, 1981 | term_end1 = January 20, 1989 | president1 = Ronald Reagan | predecessor1 = [[والتر ماندیل]] | successor1 = Dan Quayle | order2 = 11th | office2 = Director of Central Intelligence | term_start2 = January 30, 1976 | term_end2 = January 20, 1977 | president2 = [[جرالد فورد]] | deputy2 = {{Unbulleted list |[[ورنون ائی. والترز]] |[[E. Henry Knoche]] }} | predecessor2 = [[William Colby]] | successor2 = [[Stansfield Turner]] | order3 = 2nd | office3 = List of ambassadors of the United States to China#List of Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing{{!}}Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China | term_start3 = September 26, 1974 | term_end3 = December 7, 1975 | president3 = Gerald Ford | predecessor3 = [[David K. E. Bruce]] | successor3 = [[توماس اس. قاتز جر.]] | office4 = Chair of the [[Republican National Committee]] | term_start4 = January 19, 1973 | term_end4 = September 16, 1974 | predecessor4 = [[باب دول]] | successor4 = [[ماری لوئیز ایسمیت (سیاستچی)]] | order5 = 10th | office5 = United States Ambassador to the United Nations | term_start5 = March 1, 1971 | term_end5 = January 18, 1973 | president5 = [[ریچارد نیکسون]] | predecessor5 = [[Charles Yost]] | successor5 = [[John A. Scali]] | state6 = [[تکزاس ایالتی]] | district6 = {{ushr|TX|7|7th}} | term_start6 = January 3, 1967 | term_end6 = January 3, 1971 | predecessor6 = [[جان دوودی]] | successor6 = [[بیل آرچر]] | birth_name = George Herbert Walker Bush | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1924|6|12}} | birth_place = [[میلتون، ماساچوست]], U.S. | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|2018|11|30|1924|6|12}} | death_place = [[هیوستون]], U.S. | restingplace = [[George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum]] | party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین جومهوری حزبی]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[باربارا بوش]]|1945|2018|end=died}} | children = {{Plainlist| * [[جورج دبلیو بوش]] * [[Pauline Robinson Bush|Robin Bush]] * [[جب بوش]] * [[Neil Bush]] * [[Marvin Bush]] * [[Dorothy Bush Koch]]}} | relatives = '' See [[Bush family]]'' | parents = {{Plainlist| * [[پرسکات بوش]] (father) * Dorothy Walker (mother)}} | education = [[ییل بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | signature = George HW Bush Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | website = {{URL|bushlibrary.tamu.edu|Presidential Library}} | nickname = "Skin" | allegiance = {{flagu|United States}} | branch = {{بایراق|United States Navy}} | serviceyears = 1942–1945 | rank = {{Dodseal|USNO2|25}} [[Lieutenant (junior grade)]] | unit = [[Fast Carrier Task Force]] | battles = [[Military history of the United States during World War II|World War II]] | mawards = {{Unbulleted list |{{Longitem|{{flagicon image|Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg}}&nbsp;[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]}} |{{Flagicon image|Air Medal ribbon.svg}}&nbsp;[[Air Medal]] (3) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/biographies-list/bios-b/bush-george-h-w.html |title=George Herbert Walker Bush |access-date=January 12, 2020 |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |date=August 29, 2019}}</ref> |{{Flagicon image|United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg}}&nbsp;[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]] }} | native_name = {{Nobold|George Herbert Walker Bush}} }} '''جورج هربرت واکر بوش''' {{اینگیلیسجه| '''George H. W. Bush'''}} (دوغوم: {{تاریخ تولد و سن|۱۹۲۴|۶|۱۲}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۴۱اینجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۹۸۹دن ۱۹۹۳ قدر ایش اؤستونده اولدو.بوش [[صدام حسین|صدام حوسین]]<nowiki/>ون [[کووئیت]]<nowiki/>ه حجوم اتمسینه گوره [[عراق|عیراق]] دولتینه قارشی [[کؤرفز ساواشی|کورفز ساواشی]]<nowiki/>نی یولا سالدی . جورج بوش دونمینده ان اونملی اولان [[شوروی]]<nowiki/>نون داغیلماسی دیر. بوش ۲۰۱۸ نوامبر ۳۰ دا [[تکزاس ایالتی]]<nowiki/>نده اولدو. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery widths="200px" heights="155px"> File:GHWBSPEECH.jpg File:Reagan-Bush_Nashua_1980_debate.jpg File:Photograph_of_the_Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_and_Vice-President_Bush_-_NARA_-_198518.jpg </gallery> == نوتلار == {{Notelist}} == اتک یازیلار == {{قایناق|25em}} ===Works cited=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Greene |first=John Robert |title=The Presidency of George Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofgeor0000gree |year=2015 |edition=2nd |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-2079-1}} * {{cite book|last1=Herring|first1=George C.|title=From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-507822-0|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcolonytosupe00herr}} * {{cite book|last1=Leuchtenberg|first1=William E.|title=The American President: From Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton|url=https://archive.org/details/americanpresiden0000leuc|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195176162}} * {{cite book |last=Meacham |first=Jon |authorlink=Jon Meacham |title=Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMgOCAAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4000-6765-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Naftali |first1=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Naftali |title=George H. W. Bush |date=2007 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8050-6966-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/georgehwbush0000naft_v9m8 }} * {{cite book|last1=Patterson|first1=James|title=Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195122169|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/restlessgiantuni00patt_0}} * {{cite book|last1=Rossinow|first1=Douglas C.|title=The Reagan Era: A History of the 1980s|url=https://archive.org/details/reaganerahistory0000ross|date=2015|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231538657}} * {{cite journal|last1=Waterman|first1=Richard W.|title=Storm Clouds on the Political Horizon: George Bush at the Dawn of the 1992 Presidential Election|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_spring-1996_26_2/page/337|journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly|date=1996|volume=26|issue=2|pages=337–349|jstor=27551581}} * {{cite book|last1=Wilentz|first1=Sean|title=The Age of Reagan|date=2008|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-074480-9|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofreaganhisto00wile}} {{Refend}} == آرتیق اوخو == ===Secondary sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1=Andrew |first1=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Andrew (historian) |title=For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/forpresidentseye0000andr_w6t7 |date=1996 |publisher=Harper Perennial |isbn=978-0-06-092178-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/forpresidentseye0000andr_w6t7/page/503 503]–536 }} * {{Cite book |last=Barilleaux |first=Ryan J. |authorlink= |author2=Stuckey, Mary E. |title=Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change |year=1992 |publisher=Praeger |location=New York |isbn=978-0-275-94418-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/leadershipbushpr0000unse }} * {{cite journal |last1=Brands |first1=H. W. |title=George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_2004-03_34_1/page/113 |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=2004 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=113–131 |jstor=27552567 |doi=10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00038.x }} * {{Cite book |last=Ducat |first=Stephen J. |authorlink= |title=The Wimp Factor: Gender Gaps, Holy Wars, and the Politics of Anxious Masculinity |year=2004 |publisher=Beacon Press |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-8070-4344-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/wimpfactorgender00duca }} * {{Cite book |last=Duffy |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Duffy (American journalist) |author2=Goodgame, Dan |title=Marching in Place: The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush |year=1992 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-671-73720-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/marchinginplaces00duff }} * {{Cite book |last=Fitzwater |first=Marlin |authorlink=Marlin Fitzwater |title=Call the Briefing |year=1995 |publisher=Times Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7388-3458-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Hyams |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Hyams |title=Flight of the Avenger: George Bush at War |url=https://archive.org/details/flightofavengerg0000unse |year=1991 |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovic |location=San Diego |isbn=978-0-15-131469-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Kelley |first=Kitty |authorlink=Kitty Kelley |title=The Family: The True Story of the Bush Dynasty |year=2004 |publisher=Doubleday |location=London |isbn=978-0-385-50324-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/familyrealstoryo00kell }} * {{Cite book |last=Podhoretz |first=John |authorlink=John Podhoretz |title=Hell of a Ride: Backstage at the White House Follies, 1989–1993 |year=1993 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-671-79648-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/hellofridebackst00podh }} * {{cite journal|last=Saunders|first=Harold|title=What Really Happened in Bangladesh: Washington, Islamabad, and the Genocide in East Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_foreign-affairs_may-june-2014_93_3/page/36|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=93|issue=3|date=July 2014|pages=36–42}} * {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward |authorlink=Jean Edward Smith |title=George Bush's War |year=1992 |publisher=Henry Holt & Company |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8050-1388-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgebushswar00smit }} * {{Cite book |last=Sununu |first=John H. |title=The Quiet Man: The Indispensable Presidency of George H. W. Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/quietmanindispen0000sunu |publisher=Broadside Books |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-06-238428-7 |authorlink=John H. Sununu }} * {{cite book |last1=Updegrove |first1=Mark K. |authorlink=Mark K. Updegrove |title=The Last Republicans: Inside the Extraordinary Relationship between George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush |url=https://archive.org/details/lastrepublicansi0000upde_d7i5 |date=2017 |publisher=Harper |isbn=978-0-06-265412-0 }} * {{Cite book |last=Wicker |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Wicker |title=George Herbert Walker Bush |publisher=Lipper/Viking |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-670-03303-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgeherbertwal00wick }} * {{cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/06/12/the-president-who-treated-me-like-a-son.html |title=The President Who Treated Me Like a Son |last=McBride |first=Tim |authorlink= |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=June 12, 2009 |access-date=October 8, 2014 }} * {{cite AV media |year=2008 |title=American Experience, The Presidents: George H.W. Bush |medium=Television production |url=http://video.pbs.org/video/979907571 |access-date=October 8, 2014 |publisher=[[American Experience]], Public Broadcasting Service }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Refend}} === Primary sources === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |title=Looking Forward: An Autobiography |year=1987 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |isbn=978-0-385-14181-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/lookingforward00bush }} * {{Cite book |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |author2=Scowcroft, Brent |title=A World Transformed |year=1998 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-0-679-43248-7|title-link=A World Transformed}} * {{Cite book |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |title=All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings |year=1999 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |isbn=978-0-684-83958-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/allbestgeorgebus00bush }} * {{cite interview |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |last2=Bush |first2=Barbara |interviewer=McGrath, Jim |title=Interview with: George W. Bush, Barbara Bush |url=http://digital.houstonlibrary.org/oral-history/george-bush.php |date=2009 |access-date=October 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114224918/http://digital.houstonlibrary.org/oral-history/george-bush.php |archive-date=November 14, 2013 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Bush |first=George W. |title=41: A Portrait of My Father |year=2014 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-553-44778-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/41portraitofmyfa0000bush }} * {{cite book |last=Bush Koch |first=Dorothy |title=My Father, My President: A Personal Account of the Life of George H. W. Bush |isbn=978-0-446-57990-2 |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |year=2006 |url=https://archive.org/details/myfathermypresid00koch }} * {{cite book |last=Bush|first=George H. W.|editor-last= Engel|editor-first=Jeffrey A.|title=The China Diary of George H. W. Bush: The Making of a Global President |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRvdwoKQOgQC&pg=PA356 |year=2011 |publisher=Princeton UP |isbn=978-1-4008-2961-3}} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190206232136/https://www.bush41.org/ George H.W. Bush Presidential Library Center] * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgehwbush White House biography] * [http://millercenter.org/president/speeches#bush Full audio of a number of Bush speeches] [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{New York Times topic|people/b/george_bush}} * {{Biographical Directory of Congress|B001166}} * <!-- Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template: * [http://www.ontheissues.org/Gerald_Ford.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]] * [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n88-112497 Works by or about George H. W. Bush] in libraries ([[WorldCat]] catalog) * [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/georgebush Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]] programs * [http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/3592 Appearances] on [[Charlie Rose (TV show)|''Charlie Rose'']] * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0124132 Appearances] at the [[اینترنت‌ده فیلملرین بیلگی قایناغی]] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/george-bush-senior Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Guardian]]'' * [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/george_bush//index.html Collected news and commentary] at ''[[نیویورک تایمز]]'' * [http://topics.wsj.com/person/B/george-hw-bush/5370 Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (paywall) * --> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070516070910/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/bush Extensive essays on Bush] and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]] * {{C-SPAN|George Bush}} ** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151637-1/life-portrait-george-hw-bush "Life Portrait of George H. W. Bush"], from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', December 13, 1999 * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/bush/player/ ''George H. W. Bush''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116044653/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/bush/player/ |date=2017-01-16 }}&nbsp;an [[American Experience]] documentary * {{Gutenberg author|id=1672}} * {{Find a Grave|4311}} {{George H. W. Bush}} {{Navboxes | title= Articles related to George H. W. Bush | list1= {{Bush family}} {{آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری رئیس‌جمهورلاری}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{Republican Party (United States)}} {{US Vice Presidents}} {{DCIA}} {{USUNambassadors}} {{US Ambassadors to China}} {{Cold War}} {{George W. 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{{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۹۲۴-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۸-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینین چینده‌کی سفیرلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاسی یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:قرینویچ، کنتیکت دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:میدلند، تکزاس دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:میلتون، ماساچوست دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس جومهوریتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:تکزاس دوغولان یازیچیلار]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] jic2alcnyoqtoff9t7lozylnpf498ih 0 20457 1590591 1590581 2026-07-14T15:20:32Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* آیریجا باخ */ 1590591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:M4A4 cutaway.svg|thumb|300px]] ''' تانک ''' — بؤیوک، آغیر و زره‌لی ساواش [[ماشین|ماشینی‌]]. تانک آغیر اوْدلو سیلاحلارلا دوْغرو جهتدن دۆشمنه حمله ائتمک اۆچوندور. تانک‌لار مین، توپ، آنتی تانک سیلاحلار و هاوا حمله‌لرین قاباغیندا ضعیف‌ اولدوقلارینا گؤره عۆمۇمیتله تک باشینا حرکت ائتمزلر و باشقا بیرلیک‌لرله بیرلیکده حرکت ائدرلر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==آیریجا باخ== *[[تی-۷۲]] *[[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] *[[تی-۵۴]] *[[تی-۹۰]] *[[ام۱ آبرامز]] {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:حربی ابزارلار]] qm8noqh4x1h5vny80oj7hfmbmxfoz3z 1590609 1590591 2026-07-15T05:57:49Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* آیریجا باخ */ 1590609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:M4A4 cutaway.svg|thumb|300px]] ''' تانک ''' — بؤیوک، آغیر و زره‌لی ساواش [[ماشین|ماشینی‌]]. تانک آغیر اوْدلو سیلاحلارلا دوْغرو جهتدن دۆشمنه حمله ائتمک اۆچوندور. تانک‌لار مین، توپ، آنتی تانک سیلاحلار و هاوا حمله‌لرین قاباغیندا ضعیف‌ اولدوقلارینا گؤره عۆمۇمیتله تک باشینا حرکت ائتمزلر و باشقا بیرلیک‌لرله بیرلیکده حرکت ائدرلر. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==آیریجا باخ== *[[تی-۷۲]] *[[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] *[[تی-۵۴]] *[[تی-۹۰]] *[[ام۱ آبرامز]] *[[چیفتن]] {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:حربی ابزارلار]] 0i06h1y4hzc79i53td9mwes0mn35fpu 0 20722 1590719 1555515 2026-07-15T10:23:54Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Pi-unrolled-720.gif|بندانگشتی|چاپی (قوْطر) ۱ اوْلان دایره‌نین چئوره‌سی (محیط) «π» اوْلور.]] [[فایل:Greek lc pi icon.svg|سول|بندانگشتی|200x200پیکسل|«پی» سمبولو]] '''پی سایی‌سی''' (<math>\pi</math>), بیر دایره‌نین چئوره‌ یوخسا موحیطین چاپ یوخسا قوْطرونا بؤلومو ایله الده ائدیلن ثابیت بیر عدددیر. === یاخین دَیَری === «پی» سایی‌سی‌نین بعضی یاخین دیرلری بۇ شکیل‌ده‌دیر: * '''بؤلوم‌لر''': ۲۲/۷<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"></span>, ۳۳۳/۱۰۶<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"></span>, ۳۵۵/۱۱۳<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"></span>, ۵۲۱۶۳/۱۶۶۰۴<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"></span>, ۱۰۳۹۹۳/۳۳۱۰۲<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"></span>, و ۲۴۵۸۵۰۹۲۲/۷۸۲۵۶۷۷۹<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"></span>. *<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eymard|first=Pierre|last2=Lafon|first2=Jean Pierre|title=The Number Pi|url=https://archive.org/details/numberpi0000eyma|publisher=American Mathematical Society|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8218-3246-2|ref=harv}}</ref> * '''اوْنلوق سایی سیستئمی ''': ایلک یۆز رقم: ۳٫۱۴۱۵۹۲۶۵۳۵۸۹۷۹۳۲۳۸۴۶۲۶۴ ۳۳۸۳۲۷۹۵۰۲۸۸۴۱۹۷۱۶۹۳۹۹۳۷۵۱۰ ۵۸۲۰۹۷۴۹۴۴۵۹۲۳۰۷۸۱۶۴۰۶۲۸۶۲۰۸۹۹ ۸۶۲۸۰۳۴۸۲۵۳۴۲۱۱۷۰۶۷۹ * '''[[ایکی‌لی سایی سیستمی|ایکیلیک سایی سیستمی]]''': 11.001001000011111101101010100010001000010110100011 <span style="white-space: nowrap"></span> * '''اوْن‌آلتی‌لیق سایی سیستمی''': 3.243F6A8885A308D31319 ....<span style="white-space: nowrap"></span><ref>Arndt &#x26; Haenel 2006<span contenteditable="false">, s. 242</span></ref> * '''آلتمیش‌لیق سایی سیستمی''': 3;8,29,44,1 == پی (<math>\pi</math>) فوْرموللاری == پی سایی‌سینین باش فوْرموللاری: Nilakantha Somayaji: : <math>\pi={3}+{\frac{4}{{3^{3}}-3}}-{\frac{4}{{5^{3}}-5}}+{\frac{4}{{7^{3}}-7}}-{\frac{4}{{9^{3}}-9}}+...</math> : <math>\pi={3}+{\frac{4}{2\times3\times4}}-{\frac{4}{4\times5\times6}}+{\frac{4}{6\times7\times8}}-{\frac{4}{8\times9\times10}}+...</math> ---- Franciscus Vieta: : <math>\pi=2\times\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\times\frac{2}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\times\frac{2}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}}\times\frac{2}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}}}\times\cdots</math> ---- Gregory–Leibniz: : <math>\pi=4\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\cfrac{(-1)^n}{2n+1}=4\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+-\cdots\right)\!=\cfrac{4}{1+\cfrac{1^2}{2+\cfrac{3^2}{2+\cfrac{5^2}{2+\ddots}}}}\!</math> ---- [[آیزاک نیوتون|Isaac Newton]]: : <math>\pi=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\cfrac{{{2^{n+1}}\cdot{(n!)^2}}}{(2n + 1)!}</math> ---- Leonhard Euler: : <math>\pi=-iln(-1)</math> ---- Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe: : <math>\pi=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\biggl(\frac{1}{16}\biggr)^n\left(\frac{4}{8n+1}-\frac{2}{8n+4}-\frac{1}{8n+5}-\frac{1}{8n+6}\right)</math> ---- Fabrice Bellard: : <math>\pi=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{1}{2^6}\biggl(\frac{-1}{2^{10}}\biggr)^n\left(-\frac{2^5}{4n+1}-\frac{1}{4n+3}+\frac{2^8}{10n+1}-\frac{2^6}{10n+3}-\frac{2^2}{10n+5}-\frac{2^2}{10n+7}+\frac{1}{10n+9}\right)\!</math> ---- Adamchik-Wagon: : <math>\pi=\sum_{n = 0}^{\infty}\biggl(\frac{-1}{4}\biggr)^n\left(\frac{2}{4n+1}+\frac{2}{4n+2}+\frac{1}{4n+3}\right)</math> {{مین مقاله}} == قایناقلار == {{پانویس}} [[بؤلمه:ریاضیات]] r2b11f2ygczng4puo6fafauszln6ctr 0 20861 1590749 1559390 2026-07-15T11:19:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = بؤیوک کوروش | title = {{unbulleted list | ''{{small|شاهلار شاهی}} | {{small|پارس شاهی}} | {{small|انشان شاهی}} | {{small|ماد شاهی}} | {{small|بابل شاهی}} | {{small|سومر و آکاد شاهی}} | {{small| دۆنیانین دؤرد بۇجاغی‌نین شاهی}}&thinsp;''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/history/cyrus/cyrus_charter.php |title=The Cyrus the Great Cylinder |last=Ghasemi |first=Shapour |publisher=Iran Chamber Society |accessdate=2009-02-22}}</ref> }} | image =|caption=بؤیوک کوروشا شکیل | coronation = | birth_date = ۶۰۰ یا ۵۷۶ م.ق | birth_place = انشان, پارس | death_date = ۴ دسامبر ۵۳۰ میلاددان قاباق<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iiI|title=CYRUS iii. Cyrus II The Great|work=iranicaonline.org}}</ref> | death_place = [[سیحون]] حوالی‌سی | burial_place = پاسارگاد | full name = | succession = پارس شاهی | reign = ۵۷۶–۵۳۰م.ق | predecessor = بیرینجی کمبوجیه | successor = ایکینجی کموجیه | spouse = {{Plainlist| * کاساندان * آمیتیس }} | spouse-type =آروادی (لار) | issue = {{hlist |ایکینجی کمبوجیه |بردیا|آرتیستون |آتوسا |روکسانا<ref>Dandamayev,Muhammad A.,[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iii CYRUS iii. Cyrus II The Great], Encyclopædia Iranica</ref>}} | father = بیرینجی کمبوجیه | mother = مادلی ماندانا }} '''بؤیوک کوروش''' یا دا '''ایکینجی پارس کۇروشو''' ({{Lang-fa|کوروش یا کوروش بزرگ}}) — عبرانی (بنی ایسرائیل) [[قالوت]] آواره‌لرین [[ماشیح]] و شاهی<ref>اسکی عهد (عهد عتیق) شاهلار سِِِفری</ref><ref>اشعیا 1:14</ref>(فارسجا: کوروش<ref>{{harv|Dandamaev|1989|p=71}}</ref>،۵۳۰-۵۷۶یا ۶۰۰) فارسجادا عۆموما کوروش بزرگ یعنی یئکه کوروش آدییلا تانینیر <ref>Xenophon, ''Anabasis'' I. IX; see also M. A. Dandamaev "Cyrus II", in ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''.</ref> [[هخامنشلر|هخامنشلیلر]] ایمپیراتولوغونون قوْروجوسو و ایلک ایمپیراتورو<ref name="schmitt-EI-i">[[#refachaemenids-EI|Schmitt]] Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/history/cyrus/cyrus.php|title= Why is Cyrus The Great Cyrus II, Kourosh in Persian, Kouros in Greek|work=http://iranchamber.com|accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref>.حؤکمونون آلتیندا ایمپیراتورلوق، قدیم یاخین شرقین بۆتون موتمدّین دؤولتلرینه شامیل اوْلوردو<ref name="schmitt-EI-i"/> کوروشون ایپیراتولوغو نهایتده [[آسیا]]نین گۆنئی باتی‌سی‌نین چوْخو و [[اورتا آسیا|اوْرتا آسیا]]نین بؤیوک پارچاسی ایله قافقازی فتح ائتدی.ایپیراتولوغو مدیترانه دنیزی و داردانل بوغازینا غربدن و شرقدن ایسه سند درّه‌سی نه قدر یئتیشیردی.کوروش یارادن ایمپراتورلوق اوْ زامانا قدر دۆنیادا گؤرولن ان بؤیوک ایمپیراتورلوغویدو<ref name="kuhrt647">{{cite book |last=Kuhrt |first=Amélie |title=The Ancient Near East: C. 3000–330 BC |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientneareastc00akuh |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-16763-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ancientneareastc00akuh/page/647 647] |chapter=13 |year=1995}}</ref>. کوروش ایمپیراتولوغونو اوّلده ماد ایمپیراتولوغو،سوْنرا لیدی ایمپیراتولوغو و داها سوْنرا یئنی بابل ایمپیراتورلوغونون فتحی ایله بنا ائتدی.کوروش بابلین فتحیندن سوْنرا اورتا آسیا یا دا قوْشون چکدی<ref>[[ایکینجی کوروش#refcah-iv|Cambridge Ancient History IV]] Chapter 3c. p. 170. The quote is from the Greek historian [[Herodotus]].</ref>. کوروش اؤزونو میصر ریسکینه آتمادی،نئجه‌کی اؤزو ده ۵۳۰-م.ق ایلینده ماساگتلرله [[سیحون]] چایی‌نین قیراغیندا ساواشاندا اؤلدورولدو<ref>Beckwith, Christopher. (2009). ''Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present''. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2. Page 63.</ref><ref name="date">Cyrus's date of death can be deduced from the last two references to his own reign (a tablet from Borsippa dated to 12 August and the final from Babylon 12 September 530 BC) and the first reference to the reign of his son Cambyses (a tablet from Babylon dated to 31 August and or 4 September), but a undocumented tablet from the city of [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] dates the last official reign of Cyrus to 4 December 530 BC; see R. A. Parker and W. H. Dubberstein, ''Babylonian Chronology 626 B.C. – A.D. 75'', 1971.</ref>.کوروشدان سوْنرا اوْغلو ایکینجی کمبوجیه تخته چیخدی ،اوْ قیسا حؤکومتی‌نین ایچینده میصر ،نوبیه و برقه‌نی ایپیراتورلوغا قاتدی.کوروش الینه کئچیرن توْرپاقلارین خالقلری‌نین دین و دَبلرینه حؤرمت و سایگی گؤستریردی<ref name=cyrus-EI-iii-religious>[[#refIranicaCyrus|Dandamayev]] Cyrus (iii. Cyrus the Great) Cyrus's religious policies.</ref>. کوروش یارادان ایمپیراتورلوغون نقشی چوْخ باشاریلی موتمرکیز ایداره شیوه‌سی و رعیتلرین نفعینه چالیشماسی دۆنیالیق تاریخده دئییلیب<ref name=schmitt-EI-i/>.واقعیّتده ایمپیراتولوق ساتراپلار توسوطویلا ایداره اوْلوردو و حؤکومتین اساس قرارلاری پاسارگاددا کوروش اوْتوران یئرده وئریلیدی<ref name=cah-vol4>[[#refcah-iv|The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. IV]] p. 42. See also: G. Buchaman Gray and D. Litt, ''The foundation and extension of the Persian empire'', Chapter I in ''The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. IV'', 2nd edition, published by The University Press, 1927. P. 15. Excerpt: ''The administration of the empire through satrap, and much more belonging to the form or spirit of the government, was the work of Cyrus&nbsp;...''</ref>.(م.۱۹۷۰)۱۳۵۰ ایللرینده [[محمدرضا پهلوی]] کوروش اۆسوانه‌سی‌نین اۆستونده‌کی یازیلاری ان اسکی اینسان حقّلری بیانامه‌سی آدلاندیردی<ref name="MacGregor">Neil MacGregor, "The whole world in our hands", in ''Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy, and Practice'', p.&nbsp;383–4, ed. Barbara T. Hoffman. Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-521-85764-3</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/press_releases/2012/cyrus_cylinder_travels_to_us.aspx |title=The Cyrus Cylinder travels to the US |publisher=British Museum |year=2012 |accessdate=21 September 2013 |archivedate=2019-11-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102012644/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/press_releases/2012/cyrus_cylinder_travels_to_us.aspx }}</ref><ref name="Associated Press">{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/10/cyrus-cylinder-returns-iran |title=Cyrus cylinder, world's oldest human rights charter, returns to Iran on loan |agency=Associated Press |publisher=The Guardian |date=10 September 2010 |accessdate=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="kqed.org">{{cite news |url=http://www.kqed.org/arts/visualarts/article.jsp?essid=124632 |title=Oldest Known Charter of Human Rights Comes to San Francisco |date=13 August 2013 |accessdate=21 September 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922152858/http://www.kqed.org/arts/visualarts/article.jsp?essid=124632 |dead-url=yes |archivedate=2013-09-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922152858/http://www.kqed.org/arts/visualarts/article.jsp?essid=124632 }}</ref>.بعضی تاریخچیلر بۇ باخیشی نقده چکیلیب و اۆستوانه‌نین ایشتباه آنلاماغینی مئیدانا قوْیوبلار<ref name="Daniel">{{cite book |ref=Daniel |last=Daniel |first=Elton L. |title=The History of Iran |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofiran0000dani |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location=Westport, CT |year=2000 |isbn=0-313-30731-8}}</ref><ref name="Mitchell">{{cite book |ref=Mitchell |last=Mitchell |first=T.C. |title=Biblical Archaeology: Documents from the British Museum |url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalarchaeol0000mitc |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London |year=1988 |isbn=0-521-36867-7}}</ref>؛ تاریخچیلره گؤره اوْ عصرلرده عۆموما یئنی تخته چیخان سولطانلار حؤکومتلرین باشلییاندا بو نوع اعلامیه‌لردن وئریرمیشلر<ref name="Associated Press"/><ref name="kqed.org"/><ref name="Arnold">{{cite book |ref=Arnold |author1=Arnold, Bill T. |author2=Michalowski, Piotr |editor=Chavelas, Mark W. |chapter=Achaemenid Period Historical Texts Concerning Mesopotamia |title=The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientneareasth0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=0-631-23581-7}}</ref>. == اتیمولوژی == کوروش آدی [[اسکی فارس دیلی|قدیم فارسجا]]دان گلیر<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schmitt|first1=Rüdiger|title=Cyrus (name)|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-i-name|website=Encyclopædia Iranica|accessdate=8 February 2016}}</ref>،آد و معناسی قدیم یازیلاردا و دییشیک دیللرده ثبت اوْلوب.قدیم یونانین پلوتارک و کتزیاس آدلی تاریخچی‌لرینه گؤره کوروش آدی ''کروس''دان تۇتولوب (گؤنش) و معناسینی گۆنشه بنزر ثبت ائدیبلر.(خور+وش) فارس دیلینده (خور) گۆنش اسمی و (وش) بَنزرلیک اکی اوْلاراق<ref name="caiscyrus">; [[Plutarch]], ''Artaxerxes'' 1. 3 [http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/artaxerx.html classics.mit.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629064129/http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/artaxerx.html|date=2011-06-29}}; [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius]], ''Epitome of [[Ctesias]]' Persica'' 52 [http://www.livius.org/ct-cz/ctesias/photius_persica3.html livius.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016000029/http://www.livius.org/ct-cz/ctesias/photius_persica3.html|date=2010-10-16}}</ref>. .هابئله بۇ مومکوندور ایرانین ایلک افسانه شاهی اوْلان جمشیدی،گؤز قاباغینا گتیره، اوْنوندا آدی گۆنش (شید) عۇنصوروندان تشکیل اوْلوب.یهودیلرین قوتسال کیتابی تورات اوْنو ''کۇروش'' تانیتدیریب.(عبرانیجه:כורש)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/hebrew/3566.htm|title=Koresh|work=http://biblehub.com|accessdate=17 May 2016}}</ref> استرابو ریوایتینده،کوروشون آدی قاباقجا ''آگراداتس''یمیش و شاه اوْلاندان سوْنرا پاسارگادین گونئی‌ینده آخان ''کوْر'' چاییندان ایلهام آلیب و کوروش آدینی اؤزونه سئچیب. == سولاله تاریخچه‌سی == پارسلارین سولطه و شاهلیقلاری ایران فلاتیندا هخامنش سولاله‌سی ایله باشلادی،اوْنلار قاباقدان اللرینده اوْلان قودرتلرینی ایحتیمالا ۹.جو م.ق عصرینده گئنیشلندیردیلر. سولاله‌نین آدی ایسه قوْروجوسو اوْلان هخامنشدن گلیر."هخامنشلی،هخامنشین اۇشاقلاری،سولاله‌سی" دئمکدیر.سولاله‌نین دوْقوزونجو شاهی داریوش اؤز نسبینی هخامنشه قدر اۇزالدیر و اعلان ائدیر "بو سببله بیز هخامنشلی آدلاندیق".هخامنش پارسومش دؤولتین ایرانین گؤنئی باتیسیندا قۇردو اوْندان سوْنرا چِشپِش تخت صاحیبی اوْلدو و انشان شهرینی اله کئچیرندن سوْنرا "انشان شاهی" آدلاندی و بۆتون پارس دؤولتینی شاهلیغی‌نین ایچینه آلدی<ref name=autogenerated1>. The clan and dynasty''.</ref>. اسکی سندلر<ref>e. g. Cyrus Cylinder Fragment A. ¶ 21.</ref> چشپشین کیچیک کوروش آدلی بیر اوْغلو اوْلدوغونا ایشاره ائدر.اوْدا انشان شاهلیغینی آتادان ارث آپاردی.بیرینجی کوروشون قارداشی‌نین آدی ''آریارمنش'' ثبت اوْلونوب.<ref name=schmitt-EI-i/> ۶۰۰م.ق ایلینده ،۱.جی کوروشون اوْغلو ۱.جی کمبوجیه آتانین تختینه چیخدی، و۵۵۹ م.ق ایلینه قدر حؤکم سۆردو. بیرینجی کمبوجیه ده آتاسی‌نین آدینی اوْغلونا قوْیودو ''ایکینجی کوروش'' .<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Schmitt|first=R.|title=Iranian Personal Names i.-Pre-Islamic Names |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica |volume= Vol. 4 |quote=Naming the grandson after the grandfather was a common practice among Iranians. |ref=harv}}</ref> == دوْغوم و اوُشاقلیغی == [[فایل:Le songe d'Astyage.jpg|بندانگشتی|آستیاگین یۇخوسو]] [[فایل:Jean_Charles_Nicaise_Perrin_-_Cyrus_and_Astyages_-_WGA17209.jpg|بندانگشتی|آستیاگ کؤرپه کوروشون اؤلدورلمه‌سینه امر ائدیر]] کوروش، انشان شاهی اوْلان بیرینجی کمبوجیه و ماد شاهی‌نین قیزی ماندانا ۵۹۹-۶۰۰یا ۵۷۵-۵۷۶ ایللری آراسیندا دوْغولموش اۇشاغیدی.هرودوتون یازیلارینا گؤره ،ماد شاهی آستیاگ ایکی یوْخو گؤرور،بیرینده سئل و اوْبیرنده نئچه بارلی اؤزوم آغاجی قیزی‌نین بدنیندن چیخمیشدی و بۆتون پادیشاهلیغی اؤرتموشدو.موشاویری یوْخولاری گلجکدن خبر بیلیر کی؛ بیر گۆن نوه‌سی(کوروش) علیه‌ینه عۇصیان ائدیب و شاهلیق تختینه چیخاجاق. آستیاگ اوْزامان کی قیزی کوروشا حامیله‌یدی اۇشاغی اؤلدورمک اۆچون ماندانانی اکباتانا چاغیریر،شاهین موشاویری هارپاگوس اۇشاغی اؤلدومه‌گی میترادس (مهرداد) آدلی بیر چوبانا تاپشیریر،میترادس اۇشاغی دیری ساخلییر و اؤلو دوْغولان اۇشاغی‌نی کوروشون یئرینه هارپاگوسا گؤرسه‌دیر.کوروش گیزدین یاشییر،اما اوْن یاشلیغیندا آیری اۇشاقلارلا اوْینویان زامان ،کوروش اشراف اۇشاقلاریندان بیرنی امرلرینه باخماماغا گؤره وورور ،چوبان اوْغلو اوْلماغی اۆچون سؤزلرین سایمامیش توْتموشدو.آستیاگ اوْغلان (کوروش) و آتاسینی محکمه‌یه آپاریر و دانیشدیریر.چوبانین اعتیرافی‌یلا آستیاگ کوروشو تانی‌ییر و اوْنو دوْغما آتا آناسی‌نین یانیندا یاشاماق اؤچون پارسا گؤندیر. آنجاق آستیاگ هارپاگوسون (موشاویرین) اوْغلون چاغیریر و عوض آچماق اۆچون،اؤلدوروب،بؤلوشدورور و پیشیریب ،کاباب ائدندن سوْنرا بؤیوک بیر قوناقلیقدا اوْغلانین اتین موشاویره یئدیریر،سوْنرا آستیاگین خیدمتکارلاری اۇشاقین باشی ،قوْلو و آیاقلارینی قابلار ایچینده گتیرمکله و هارپاگوس بیلمه‌میش اوْغلونون اتینی یئمه‌گی بیلیر<ref>''Stories of the East From Herodotus'', p. 79–80</ref>. بیر آیری نۆسخه ده، کوروشو ماد درباریندا ایشله‌ین یوْخسول عایله‌نین اوْغلو تانیتدیریر،آنجاق کوروشون اؤز سؤز بو ایدیعانین ترسینه دیرکی ؛کوروش آتاسیندان سونرا،بؤیوک آتاسی و بؤیوک-بؤیوک آتاسیندان سوْنرا شاهلیق تختینه صاحیب اوْلوب<ref>Amélie Kuhrt, ''The Ancient Near East: c.3000–330 BC'', Routledge Publishers, 1995, p.661, ISBN 0-415-16762-0</ref>. کوروش قایتماقدان سوْنرا ''کاساندان'' ایله ائوله‌نیر، ایکی اوْغلان ''۱.جی کمبوجیه'' و ''بردیا'' ، اۆچ قیز دا ''آتوسا'' ،''آرتیستون''، ''روْکسانا'' آدلاریندا بیله‌سینه دۆنیایا گتیریر.آتاسی اؤلندن سوْنرا ،کوروش پارسلارین شاهلیغینی آتادان ارثه آپاردی پاسارگاد اوزامان آستیاگین قوْندارمیش بیر دؤولتی‌دی.هابئله استرابودان نقل اوْلوب؛ کوروشون اصل آدی آگراداتس‌یمیش کی (اؤگی) آتاآناسی‌نین طرفیندن قوْیولموش آد.بئله‌لیکله ایحتیمالاً دوْغما عائیله‌سی‌نین یانینا قاییداندا، اوْزامانین آد قوْیماق رسملری ایله کوروشون آتاسی (۱.جی کمبوجیه)،اؤز آتاسی‌نین آدینی اوْغلو کوروشا قوْیا. == ظفرلر و ساواشلار == ==== ماد ایمپیراتورلوغو ==== کوروشون آتاسی‌نین اؤلومو ۵۵۱ م.ق ایلینده اوْلماسینا رغماً، کوروش 559م.ق دان شاهلیغا یئتیشمیشدی.آنجاق هله موستقیل بیر دوولت دئییل دی؛ قاباقکی شاهلار کیمی کوروش دا گرک ماد ایقتیدارین رسمیّته تانیاردی. آستیاگ مادلارین سوْن شاهی و کوروشون بؤیوک آتاسی ،قدیم یاخین شرقین چوْخلو بؤلگه‌لرینه حؤکومت ائدیردی ، غربدن لیدی ایله، شرقدن ده پارس و پارتلارلا سرحدّلری واریدی.کوروش ماد ایمپیراتورلوغونون ایقتیداری‌نین آلتیندان چیخماق اۆچون ،اولّده مادلارین پاسارگاداکی مقرینه هۆجوم چکمه‌گه باشلادی ،هرودوتون دئدیگی‌جه پارسدا یاشایانلارین آلتی طایفاسیندان اۆچو کوروشا قوْشولدولار و ماد بؤیوک‌باشلاریندان دا نئچه‌سی کوروشا طرف گلدیلیر.بو عۆصیانلار ساواشا سبب اوْلدو ،دمشقلی نیکولاس توضیح وئریر ؛ساواش باشلاناندا وضع کوروشون قازانجینا دئییلدی و پارسلار ماد گۆجلری‌نین قارشی‌سیندا دایانامیردیلار و قاچیردیلار ،پارس قادینلاری مئیداندان قاچان ساواشچیلارا سسلندیلر "دۆنیایا گلدیگینیز یئره سوْخولماق ایستیسینیز!"قادینلارین بو ایشی ساواشچیلاری غئیرتلندیردی و شیدّتله دؤیوشوب ساواشی قازاندیلار.کوروش ایکی ایلین ایچینده بۆتون ماد گۆجلرینی پارسدان چیخاردابیلدی.آستیاگ ۵۵۰ م.ق ایلینده کؤمک گۆجلرینی هامی‌سینی ایرانین(شومال شومال-شرق) قورئی و قوزئی-دوْغوسوندان کوروشا حمله ائتمک اۆچون مادا چاغیریر.نعبوعیدین گۆنلوک یازیلارینا گؤره آستیاگ اوْردوسونو کوروشو اؤلدورمک اۆچون یولاسالیر.تاریخچی هرودوتون توضیحینه گؤره آستیاگ اوْردونون باشچی‌لیغینی هارپاگوسا تاپشیریر.آنجاق هارپاگوس کوروش ایله ایرتیباط قوْرور و اوْنو ماد مۇقابیلینده عۆصیانا تشویق ائدیر سوْنرا اؤزو و نئچه اشراف و اوْردونون بیر قیسمی‌یله ماد ایمپیراتورلوغونا اؤز دؤندریر.سوْن ساواش اکبتان دا باش وئریر و کوروش شهری الینه کئچیریر.هرودوت و کتزیاس ثبت ائله‌دیگینه گؤره؛کوروش آستیاگین اؤلدورمه‌سیندن وازگئچیر و "آمیتس" آدلی قیزینی آلیر(خالاسی).بو ایش مادین نظرینده ایداره اوْلان کیچیک دؤولتلر آراسیندا ساواش اوْدونو سؤندوردو<ref>{{Cite book|title = From Cyrus to Alexander|url = https://archive.org/details/fromcyrustoalexa00bria|last = Briant|first = Pierre|publisher = Eisenbrauns|year = 2002|isbn = |location = |pages = [https://archive.org/details/fromcyrustoalexa00bria/page/n48 31]–33}}</ref>.آستیاگ قودرتدن دؤشمه‌سی‌یله سولطه‌سی‌نین آلتینداکی کیچیک دؤولتلر کوروشون حؤکمونون آلتینا کئچدیلر.ماد ایپیراتورلوغونون فتحی کوروشون ساواشلاری‌نین باشلانماسی‌یدی<ref>The encyclopædia britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 21 edited by Hugh Chrisholm,1911, pp. 206–207</ref>. ==== لیدی ایمپیراتورلوغو و کیچیک آسیا ==== [[فایل:Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great_(White).svg|بندانگشتی|کوروشون بایراغی]] لیدی فتحی‌نین دقیق تاریخی معلوم دئییل اما ماد شاهلیغی‌نین ییخیلماسی ایله و بابل فتحی‌نین آراسیندا اوْلمالیدیر. (۵۵۰م.ق-۵۳۹م.ق) .نبونعیدین گۆنلوک یازیلاری‌نین بعضی توضیحلرینه گؤره کئچمیش زامانلاردا ۵۴۷-م.ق ایلی فتح تاریخی ساییلیردی اما بۇ باخیش ایندیلر چوْخ مقبول دئییل<ref>Rollinger, Robert, "[http://www.achemenet.com/ressources/souspresse/annonces/Rollinger-Iran.pdf The Median "Empire", the End of Urartu and Cyrus's the Great Campaign in 547 B.C.]"; Lendering, Jona, "[http://www.livius.org/men-mh/mermnads/547.html The End of Lydia: 547?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906224122/http://www.livius.org/men-mh/mermnads/547.html |date=2013-09-06 }}".</ref>. لیدیلیلر اولّده هخامنشلیلرین "کاپپادوکیا"دا اوْلان پِتریا آدلی شهرینه حمله ائتدیلر. کروزوس شهری مۇحاصیره و ایشغال ائدندن سوْنرا و اهالیسین قوْلوغا تۇتور.بۇ آرادا ،پارسلار دا لیدی شاهلیغی‌نین لونیا آدلی شهرینین اهالیسین حؤکمدارلارینا قارشی عۆصیانا دعوت ائتدیلر.بۇ چاغیری رد اوْلماغیلا ،کوروش قوْشون یغیب و لیدیه طرف یوْلا دؤشدو یوْل اۆستونده اوْلان میلّتلرین قاتشماسی‌یلا ساواشچیلارین سایی گئت گئده آرتدی.پئتریا ساواشی واقعیّتده نتیجه‌سیز اوْلدو.ساواشین ایکی طرفی ده آخشام دؤشه‌نه قدر آغیر تلفات وئردی. کروزوس صاباح اوْلانا ساردیسه طرف دالا چکیلدی.<ref name="histories1">Herodotus, ''The Histories, [http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt Book I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629060743/http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt |date=2011-06-29 }}'', 440 BC. Translated by George Rawlinson.</ref> کروزوس ساردیسده اوْلان زامان لیدیه کؤمک اۆچون موتّحیدلرینه کؤمک چاغریسی گؤندردی، آنجاق قیشین سوْنلاریندا موتّحیدلری بیرلشه‌بیلمه‌میش کوروش ساواشی لیدی اراضی‌سینه چکدی و کروزوسو باشکندی (پایتختی) ساردیسده موحاصیره ائتدی. قیسا مۆدّت "زیمبرانین" نهایی ساوشیندان قاباق هارپاگوس بؤیوک کوروشا توصیه ائتدی دَوه‌لری ساواشچیلارین قاباق صفینده یئرلشدیره؛ لیدی آتلاری دَوه قوْخوسونا عادتلری اوْلمادیغی اۆچون چوْخ قوْرخدولار.ایستیراتژی جواب وئردی؛لیدی آتچیلاری مئیدانی الدن وئردیلر.کوروش کروزوسا غالیب اوْلدو و اوْنو اسیر تۇتدو.کوروش ساردیس باشکندی (پایتختی) ایشغال ائتمه‌سیله لیدی شاهلیغینی ۵۴۶م.ق فتح اوْلدو.<ref name="histories1"/> هرودوتون یازیلارینا گؤره کوروش کروزوسون جانین باغیشلادی و اؤزونه موشاویر اوْلاراق ساخلادی، اما بو توضیح نبونعیدین گۆنلوک یازیلارینین بۇگونکو تفسیرلری ایله اختلافلیدیر کی لیدی شاهی‌نین اؤلدورولمه‌سینی اوْرتایا قوْیور.<ref name="croesus">''[http://www.livius.org/men-mh/mermnads/croesus.htm Croesus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629171925/http://www.livius.org/men-mh/mermnads/croesus.htm |date=2011-06-29 }}'': Fifth and last king of the Mermnad dynasty.</ref> کوروش باشکنده (پایتخته) قایتماقدان قاباق ،کروزوسون خزانه‌سی‌نین پارسا داشیماغینی پاستیاس آدلی بیر لیدیلی‌یه تاپشیریر.آنجاق کوروش یوْلا دؤشمه‌سیندن بیرآز سوْنرا پاستیاس پوللا دؤیویشچو اجیر ائدیب ساردیسده پارسلارین ساتراپی تالابوس علیه‌ینه عۆصیان یاراتدیر.کوروش مازاروس آدلی فرماندهینه عۆصیانی باستیرمانی تاپشیریر،اما پاستیاسین دیری قایتارماغینی ایسته‌ییر.مازاروس یئتیشمه‌سی ایله پاستیاس اجیر اوْلموش ساواشچیسی چوْخ اولان لونییا شهرینه قاچیر .مازاروس اوْردونو یونان مملکتینه گیردیریر و ماگنسیا و پیرنه شهرلرین موطیع ائتدیر.پاستیاسین عاقیبتی معلوم دئییل اما ایحتیمالا تۇتولاندان سوْنرا کوروشون یانینا آپاریب و شیکنجه‌لردن سوْنرا اؤلدورولو<ref>The life and travels of Herodotus, Volume 2, by James Talboys Wheeler, 1855, pp.271–274</ref> مازاروس کیچیک آسیادا فتحلرینه دوام وئریر و لونیادا دؤیوشلرین بیرینده اؤلور.کوروش مازاروسون فتحلرین تاماملاماق اۆچون هارپاگوسو گؤندریر و هارپاگوس۵۴۲-م.ق ایلینده منطقه‌نین فتحین باشا یئتیریب پارسا قاییدیر. ==== یئنی بابل ایمپیرلتورلوغو ==== ۵۴۰-م.ق ايلينه قدر کوروش ایلام و باشکندی شوشو ایشغال ائتدی<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.achemenet.com/ressources/enligne/arta/pdf/2004.003-Tavernier.pdf |title=Some Thoughts in Neo-Elamite Chronology|last=Tavernier|first=Jan|page=27}}</ref>.نبونعيدین گۆنلوک يازيلارينا گؤره ساواشدان قاباق نبونعيد بابلين اۇزاق شهرلريندن دينی مۆجسّمه‌لرین باشکنده داشیماغینا امر وئرير.و ساواش ايحتمالاً ۵۴۰-م.ق ايلی‌نین قيشیندا باشلانير<ref>Kuhrt, Amélie. "Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes", in ''The Cambridge Ancient History: Vol IV&nbsp;— Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean'', pp. 112–138. Ed. John Boardman. Cambridge University Press, 1982. ISBN 0-521-22804-2</ref>. اوکتوبر آیی‌نین باشلامناسینا ياخين، کوروش بابلین شومالی و دیجله چايين کیناریندا یئرلشن استراتژيک اؤنمه صاحیب اوپيس شهرين ایچی یادا ياخينليغيندا ساواشدی.بابل اوْردوسونو داغيلدیب و اکتوبرون ۱۰ اوْندا سيپپار شهرینی ساواشسيز اله کئچیردی ،شهرین اهالیسی‌نین طرفيندن هئچ ديرنيش اوْلمادی<ref>Nabonidus Chronicle, [http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc7/abc7_nabonidus3.html 14] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211040755/http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc7/abc7_nabonidus3.html |date=2012-02-11 }}.</ref>. ايحتمالاً کوروش، بابل اوْردوسونون باشچيلاری‌يلا گؤروشوب و موذاکیره ایله ایکی اوْردونون ساواشماسی‌نین قاباغینی آلیب.نبونعيد شهرده قالیر و الينه فورصت کئچرکن نئچه ايل اۇزاق قالدیغی باشکندينه قاچیر<ref>The Harran Stelae H2 – A, and the [[Nabonidus Chronicle]] (Seventeenth year) show that Nabonidus had been in Babylon before October 10, 539, because he had already returned from Harran and had participated in the Akitu of Nissanu 1 [April 4], 539 BC.</ref>. ايکی گۆن سوْنرا گوبریاسین(هخامنشلیلرین بؤیوک باشلاریندان بیری) دؤيوشچولری بابل شهرينه گيره‌بیلدیلر، بودفعه ده بابل اوْردوسونوندان موقاويمت اوْلمادی و نبونعيدین تۇتولدو<ref>Nabonidus Chronicle, [http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc7/abc7_nabonidus3.html 15–16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211040755/http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc7/abc7_nabonidus3.html |date=2012-02-11 }}.</ref>. هرودوت بو ظفری بؤيله توضيح وئرير؛پارسلار قاباقدان ملکه ''نیتوکریس'' توسوطویلا بابلی ماد حمله‌سيندن قوْروماق آماجی‌يلا قازمیش خندقلره،فرات چايی‌نين سۇيونو چئویردیلر و بئله‌لیکله سۇ سوييه‌سی بير کيشيی‌نين دیزینه قدر آلچاقلاشدی و موهاجيم گۆجلر گئجه‌ليکله چايين یاتاغیندان کئچيب و شهره گيرديلر<ref>{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel|title=Mesopotamian civilization: the material foundations|year=1996|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3339-9|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OdZS9gBu4KwC&pg=PA23&dq=Cyrus+babylon+diverted+the+Euphrates+river+into+a+canal#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=22–23}}</ref>.اوکتوبرون ۲۹.دا کوروش اؤزو بابله گیردی و نبونعيدی حبس ائتدی<ref>Nabonidus Chronicle, [http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc7/abc7_nabonidus3.html 18] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211040755/http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc7/abc7_nabonidus3.html |date=2012-02-11 }}.</ref>. کوروش توسوطویلا فتح اوْلمادان قاباق، يئنی بابل ايمپيراتورلوغو، چوْخلو شاهليقلاری فتح و بابله قاتميشدی.بابلين فتحيندن سوْنرا،کوروش ''اساگيلا'' معبدی‌نين تيکيلمه‌سينده، بابلين باش تانريسی ''مردوک''ا تقديم ائتدیگی مشهور اۆستوانه‌سينده اؤزونو "بابل شاهی، سومر ایله آکاد شاهی و دۆنيانين دؤرد بۇجاغی‌نين شاهی" اعلان ائتدیر.اۆستونه‌نين يازيلاری نبونعيدی دينسيزليغه محکوم و فاتيح کوروشو مردوکدان راضی تصویر ائدیر و کوروشون بابل وطنداشلارینین یاشاملارینی ترقّی وئرمه‌سی ، يۇردلاريندان چيخارديلمش خالقلاری يئرلرينه قايتارماغی و معبدلر و موقدّس مکانلارین تعمير و يئنيله‌شديرلمسينه فرمان وئرمه‌سینی آچیقلار<ref name=BM-CC>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/c/cyrus_cylinder.aspx |title=British Museum Website,The Cyrus Cylinder |publisher=Britishmuseum.org |accessdate=2012-12-30}}</ref> . کوروشون سلطنتی‌نين سوْنلاريندا هخامنشلی ايمپيراتولوغو کيچيک آسيايا باتيدان و دوْغودان هيندوستانين قوزئي-باتی‌سی‌نا قدر دوْغويا چکيلميشدی<ref>M.A. Dandamaev, "Cyrus&nbsp;II", in ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''.</ref> == اؤلوم == [[فایل:Head of Cyrus Brought to Queen Tomyris, Peter Paul Rubens.jpg|بندانگشتی|کوروشون اؤلومو"ماتیا پرتی"نقاشی‌سی]] [[فایل:Jean-simon-berthelemy-the-beheading-of-cyrus-iii i-G-40-4012-EEJWF00Z.jpg|بندانگشتی|کوروشون باشینین کسیلمه‌سی]] کوروشون اؤلومونون شرحی توضیحلره گؤره فرقلیدیر.هرودوتون ''تاریخلر'' آدلی کیتاباینداکی توضیحه گؤره ؛کوروش عاقیبتینی ماسگتلرله شیدتلی بیر ساواشدا گؤرور، ماساگت ائلی خوارزم و قیزیل قوْم چؤللری‌نین گونئی‌ینده، بۇگونکو اوزبکیستان و قازاقیستان توْرپاقلاریندا یاشایاردیلار.ماساگتلر آتلی و پیادا ساواشچیلارا صاحیبیدیلر. کوروش، کروزوسون توصیه‌سی ایله اوْنلارا اؤز توْرپاقلاریندا حمله ائدیر<ref name="mass">{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tomyris.html |title=Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Queen Tomyris of the Massagetai and the Defeat of the Persians under Cyrus |publisher=Fordham.edu |accessdate=2012-12-30 |archivedate=2011-06-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628220048/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tomyris.html }}</ref>.اوّلده کوروش، تومیریسین اؤلکه‌سینه صاحیب اوْلماق نیّت ایله اوْنا ائولنمک تکلیفینی وئریر.ایستگی ردّ اوْلماقلا ماساگتلرین توْرپاغینی زوْرلا آلماغا باشلاییر<ref name=Rene>{{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of the Steppes |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1970 |isbn=0-8135-1304-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou/page/9 9]}}</ref>.کوروش باشلانغیچدا ایکی اؤلکه‌نی آییران سیحون چایی‌نین اۆستونده ساواش گمیلرله کؤرپو قوْردو.تومیریس اوْ شرایطده کی کوروش طرفیندن ساییلماماسینی دؤشونوردو کوروشا ایخطار گؤندریر و یۆرویوشلرین دۇردورولماسینی ایسته‌ییر.تومیریس کوروشون اؤلکه‌سینده و چایدان بیر گۆنلوک یوْل اۇزاق اوْلان نوقطه‌ده ایکی اوْردونو شرفلی بیر ساواشا چاغیریر.کوروش بۇ سؤزو قبول ائدیر،اما بۇنودا اؤرگنیرکی ماساگتلر شراب و مست ائدن خاصیّتیندن خبرسیزدیرلر.ایچی چوْخلو شرابلا دوْلو بیر مقر قۇروب و یاخشی دؤیوشچولری اؤزویله گؤتورب و آز قابلیتلی دؤیوشچولری ایسه اوْرادا بۇراخیب گئدیر.تومیریسین اوْغلو و اوْردوسونون ژنرالی اسپارگاپیسِس، کوروش مقرده ساخایان دؤیوشچولری اؤلدوروب و اوْرانی یئمک و شرابلا دوْلو گؤرور.ساواشچیلاری بیلمه‌میش ایچمکله مستله‌شدیلر و خبرسیز حمله‌یه معروض قالان زامان اؤزلریندن دیفاع قابیتینی الدن وئردیلر.حمله باشاریلی اوْلدو و اسپارگاپیسسین دیری توْتولدو،بۇنا رغماً هوشو باشینا گلرکن اؤزونو اؤلدوردو.تومیریس کوروشون تاکتیکینی آلداتیچیلیق سایدی و اینتیقام آلماغینا آند ایچدی.سوْنرا ایکینجی دسته قوْشونو ساواشا گؤندردی و نهایتده کؤروش اؤلدورولدو و گۆجلری ده آغیر تلفات وئردی. هرودوت بو ساواشی کوروش و قدیم دۆنیانین ان شیدّتلی و رحمسیز ساواشی آدلاندیریر.ساواشدان سوْنرا تومیریس کوروشون اؤلوسونو گتیرمگه امر ائدیر،سوْنرا کوروشون قان تؤکنلیگی و اوْغلونون اؤلومونون اینتقیامینا گؤره بیر سمبولیک حرکتله باشینی بدندن آییریر و قانلا دوْلو بیر قابا سوْخور<ref name="mass"/><ref>[http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/women.html#Tomyris Tomyris, Queen of the Massagetae, Defeats Cyrus the Great in Battle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229200608/http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/women.html#Tomyris |date=2014-12-29 }} Herodotus, ''The Histories''</ref>. == توْرپاغا تاپشیریلماسی == == میراث == == کوروش اۆستوانه‌سی == == قالری == <center> <gallery> فایل:Victor Wolfvoet II - The Head of Cyrus Brought to Queen Tomyris.jpg فایل:Tomyris_Plunges_the_Head_of_the_Dead_Cyrus_Into_a_Vessel_of_Blood_by_Alexander_Zick.jpg فایل:Tomb_of_Cyrus_the_Great.jpg فایل:Cyrus The Great Monument-NE to SW view (1)-Cropped.jpg فایل:Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 058.jpg فایل:The fall of Babylon; Cyrus the Great defeating the Chaldean Wellcome V0034440.jpg فایل:Georg Pencz - A Rainha Tômiris com a Cabeça de Ciro II.jpg فایل:Tomaso di calisto (maestro delle eroiche virtù), morte di re ciro e vendetta della regina tomyris, 1470-1480 circa.JPG فایل:KyrosCeremonies.jpg فایل:Cyrus the Great human rts declaration plaque, Balboa Park.JPG فایل:Croesus at the Stake, after Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg فایل:Cyrus Cylinder 2.jpg فایل:Persia-Cyrus2-World3.png </gallery> </center> == آیریجا باخ == [[پان‌فارسیسم]] [[هخامنشلر]] == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:هخامنشلر]] [[بؤلمه:هخامنشی شاهلاری]] [[بؤلمه:کوروش]] [[بؤلمه:600s BC births]] [[بؤلمه:530 BC deaths]] [[بؤلمه:6th-century BC Kings of the Achaemenid Empire]] [[بؤلمه:6th-century BC Kings of Anshan (Persia)]] [[بؤلمه:6th-century BC Babylonian kings]] [[بؤلمه:6th-century BC biblical rulers]] [[بؤلمه:6th-century BC Iranian people]] [[بؤلمه:Book of Daniel]] [[بؤلمه:Book of Isaiah]] [[بؤلمه:Ezra–Nehemiah]] [[بؤلمه:Founding monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:Monarchs killed in action]] [[بؤلمه:Kings of Anshan (Persia)]] [[بؤلمه:Kings of the Universe]] qadgksw7zl7he5p7crw5yx501wrv06d 0 20902 1590709 1584396 2026-07-15T09:49:17Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Calendars world map.svg|بندانگشتی|{{زیرنویس نقشه|#008000|میلادی تقویم نن ایسیفاده ائدن اؤلکه‌لر.}}{{زیرنویس نقشه|#008080|میلادی تقویمی نین دئیشیلمیش نوسخه سیندن ایستیفاده ائن اؤلکه‌لر.}}{{زیرنویس نقشه|#ff8000|میلادی تقویم و دیگر تقویم‌لردن ایستیفاده ائدن اؤلکه‌لر.}}{{زیرنویس نقشه|#ff0000|میلادی تقویم نن ایستیفاده ائتمین اؤلکه‌لر.}}]] {{ایل آیری تقویم‌لرده|year={{CURRENTYEAR}}}} '''میلادی تقویم''' ژۆليئن تقویمی‌نین يئرینه پاپا اوْن اۆچ. گرئگوْري طرفیندن برپا ائتدیریلن تقویم.{{Sfnp|Dershowitz|Reingold|2008|loc=p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or ''new-style'' calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}}{{Efn|Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes, use the Gregorian calendar as their [[civil calendar]]. Notable exceptions include [[ایران]] and [[افغانیستان]], which use the [[هیجری-شمسی تقویمی]].}} میلادی تاریخ باشلانغیجی و دۆنيانین گۆنش اطرافینداکی چئوریل مدتی اوْلان ۳۶۵ گۆن ۶ ساعتلیق زامانی "۱ ایل" اوْلاراق قبول ائدر.بو تقویمین تاریخی مسیح پیغمبرین دۆنیا گلمسیندن دیر . بو تقویم دۆنیا نین ۹۵٪ اؤلکه سینده ایشلنیر. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{Refbegin|indent=yes}} *{{cite book |last1=Barsoum |first1=Ignatius A.|year= 2003| title=The Scattered Pearls |location= Piscataway |publisher= Georgias Press}} *{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1= Bonnie |last2= Holford-Strevens |first2= Leofranc |year =1999 | title= The Oxford Companion to the Year |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00blac | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192142313}}. *{{cite book|last1=Blackburn |first1= Bonnie |last2= Holford-Strevens |first2= Leofranc |year=2003 | title=The Oxford Companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00blac | publisher= Oxford University Press | isbn=9780192142313|edition=corrected reprinting of 1999}} *{{cite web|last1=Blegen |first1= Carl W. |url=https://nataliavogeikoff.com/2013/12/25/an-odd-christmas-or-the-christmasless-year-of-1923-in-greece/ | title= An Odd Christmas |editor-first1= Natalia |editor-last1=Vogeikoff-Brogan |date= 25 December 2013 | series=From the Archivist's Notebook |access-date= 1 April 2018}} *{{cite journal|last1=Borkowski |first1= K. M. |year=1991 | url= http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1991JRASC..85..121B/0000125.000.html | title=The tropical calendar and solar year | journal= Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada| volume= 85 | number= 3 | pages = 21–130 |bibcode=1991JRASC..85..121B}} *{{cite book|last1=Carabias Torres |first1= A. M |date=2012| title=Salamanca y la medida del tiempo | language=es| location= Salamanca |publisher= Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca}} *{{cite conference|editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | year=1983 |url =https://archive.org/details/GregorianReformOfTheCalendar | title= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar | conference= Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary, 1582–1982 | location=Vatican City | publisher= Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican Observatory ({{Lang|it|Pontificia Academia Scientarum, Specola Vaticana}})}} *{{cite book|author-link1=Nachum Dershowitz |last1= Dershowitz | first1= D. |author-link2=Edward Reingold | last2=Reingold |first2= E. M |year= 2008 | title= [[Calendrical Calculations]] | edition = 3rd |publisher= Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge}} *{{cite book |last1=Duncan |first1= D. E |year=1999 |title= Calendar: Humanity's Epic Struggle To Determine A True And Accurate Year |url=https://archive.org/details/calendarhumanity0000dunc | publisher= HarperCollins | isbn=9780380793242}} *{{cite book|author=Gregory XIII | author-link = Gregory XIII |year=1582 | url= https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Inter_gravissimas | title= Inter Gravissimas | translator= Wikisource | trans-title=Amongst the most serious tasks of our pastoral office}} * {{cite journal|author-link1=Jean Meeus |last1=Meeus |first1= J. |last2= Savoie |first2= D. | year= 1992 | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JBAA..102...40M |title= The history of the tropical year | journal= Journal of the British Astronomical Association |volume=102 |number=1 | pages= 40–42|bibcode=1992JBAA..102...40M }} *{{cite journal|last1=Morrison |first1= L. V. |last2= Stephenson |first2= F. R. | year=2004 | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHA....35..327M | title=Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses | journal = Journal for the History of Astronomy |volume= 35, part 3 |number= 120 | pages=327–336|doi= 10.1177/002182860403500305 |bibcode= 2004JHA....35..327M |s2cid= 119021116 }} *{{cite magazine|last1=Moyer |first1= Gordon | issue= 5 | volume = 246|date = May 1982 | title= The Gregorian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1982-05_246_5/page/144 | magazine=Scientific American | pages=144–152}} *{{cite conference|last1=Moyer |first1= Gordon | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=181 |title=Aloisius Lilius and the ''Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium'' |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | year=1983 | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary |location= Vatican City |publisher= Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano |pages=171–188}} *{{cite journal |last1= Pattie |first1= T.S. |year= 1976 |url= http://www.bl.uk/eblj/1976articles/pdf/article3.pdf |title= An unexpected effect of the change in calendar in 1752 |journal= British Library Journal |access-date= 2022-07-14 |archive-date= 2021-11-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211109115957/http://www.bl.uk/eblj/1976articles/pdf/article3.pdf |url-status= dead }} *{{cite conference|last1=Pedersen |first1= O | year= 1983 | url= http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=34 | title= The Ecclesiastical Calendar and the Life of the Church |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary |location= Vatican City |publisher= Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano | pages=17–74}} * {{cite journal|last=Poole |first=Robert |date=1995 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2342015 |title='Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England |journal=Past & Present |volume=149 |number=1 |pages=95–139 | publisher = [[Oxford Academic]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205220427/http://www.academia.edu/2342015/Give_us_our_eleven_days_ |archive-date=5 December 2014 |url-status=live|doi=10.1093/past/149.1.95 }} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year= 1998 | title= Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History |url=https://archive.org/details/mappingtimecalen00rich | publisher =Oxford University Press}} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year=2013 | chapter= Calendars | editor-first1= S. E. | editor-last1= Urban | editor-first2= P. K. | editor-last2 = Seidelmann | title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition = 3rd | pages= 585–624 | location= Mill Valley CA | publisher=University Science Books|isbn=978-1-891389-85-6}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Seidelmann | editor-first1= P. K. |year=1992| title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition= 2nd |location= Sausalito, CA |publisher= University Science Books}} *{{cite journal |last1=Swerdlow |first1= N. M. |year=1986 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..109S |title= The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar | journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy| volume= 17 | number= 49 | pages= 109–118|doi= 10.1177/002182868601700204 |bibcode= 1986JHA....17..109S |s2cid= 118491152 }} *{{cite magazine|last1=Walker | first1= G. W. | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1945PA.....53..218W | title= Easter Intervals | magazine= Popular Astronomy | issue= 6 | date = June 1945 | volume=53 | pages=162–178, 218–232| bibcode= 1945PA.....53..218W }} *{{cite conference |last1=Ziggelaar |first1= A. | year=1983 | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=209 | title=The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary | location= Vatican City | publisher=Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano | pages= 201–239}} {{Refend}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== {{Wikisource|Translation:Inter gravissimas|''Inter gravissimas'' in English}} * {{In Our Time|Gregorian calendar|p00548m9|Gregorian_calendar}} * [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter] * [http://www.bluewaterarts.com/calendar/NewInterGravissimas.htm Inter Gravissimas (Latin and French plus English)] * [http://webexhibits.org/calendars/year-history.html History of Gregorian Calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106001448/http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-history.html |date=2014-01-06 }} * [http://www.norbyhus.dk/calendar.php The Perpetual Calendar Gregorian Calendar adoption dates for many countries. ] * [http://www.recordholders.org/en/records/dates.html World records for mentally calculating the day of the week in the Gregorian Calendar ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228123115/http://www.tondering.dk/claus/calendar.html The Calendar FAQ] – Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars * [http://curiousnotions.com/todays-date Today's date (Gregorian) in over 800 more-or-less obscure foreign languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308031826/https://curiousnotions.com/todays-date/ |date=2023-03-08 }} {{calendars}} {{Time Topics}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gregorian Calendar}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:میلادی تقویم| ]] [[Category:1580s introductions]] [[Category:1582 establishments]] [[Category:1582 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]] sq4wgy8bernhlhq1hkrhaekqvnrv3lg 0 21934 1590744 1590555 2026-07-15T11:07:36Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Hong Kong Budha.jpg|بندانگشتی|بیر [[بودا]] هئیکلی هونق کونقدا]] '''بودیزم''' — دۆنیا [[دین]]لریندن بیری، یاخلاشیق ۵۰۰ میلیون عۆضوو اوْلان دین و تعلیملر بیرلیگی. اوّلجه [[هیندوستان]]دا اوْرتایا چیخمیش، داها سوْنرا گۆنئی، گۆنئی‌شرق و شرق [[آسیا]]دا ([[چین]]، [[ژاپون]]، [[کوره]]، [[موغولیستان]]، [[نپال]]، [[سری لانکا|سریلانکا]]، [[تایلند]] و [[تبت|تبّت]] کیمی اؤلکه‌لرده) یاییلمیشدیر. فرقلی دۆنیاگؤروشلرینه گؤره دین و یا [[فلسفه]] اوْلاراق تانیلان بۇدیزم هدفی، یاشاییشداکی آغری، ایضطیراب و امنیت‌سیزلیگین قایناقلارینی آچیقلاییب بۇنلاری آرادان آپارماق یوْللارینی گؤسترمکدیر. بودیزمده تعلیملرین اساس جهتی [[مدیتئیشن]] کیمی ایچه باخیش یوْللاری، [[تناسوخ]] دئییلن دوْغوم-اؤلوم دؤورونون تکراری و [[کارما]] دئییلن سبب-نتیجه زنجیری کیمی آنلاییشلاردیر. بودیزم سانسکریت و پالی دیل‌لرینده‌کی کؤهنه بودیست یازیلاریندا «اوْیانمیش آدام - فرقینده اوْلان» معناسینی وئرن «بودا» سؤزوندن یارانمیشدیر. تاریخی بودا دا آدی چکیلن [[قوتاما بودا|سیدارتا قوتاما]] بودیزمین قۇروجوسو اوْلاراق تانیلیر. سیدارتانین یاشاییشینداکی غذابلارین قایناغینی آچیقلاماق مقصدییله ائتدیگی اۇزون ایشلر نتیجه‌سینده ایضطیرابی سوْنا چاتدیراراق بیر معنوی آنلاییشا چاتدیغی و بئله‌لیک‌له بۇدالیغا چاتدیغی (اوْیاندیغی) قبول ائدیلیر. بودیزم، سیدارتا قوتامانین اؤلوموندن سوْنرا ۵۰۰ ایل بوْیونجا هیندوستان یاریم‌آداسیندا، داها سوْنرا آسیا و دۆنیانین آیری یئرلرینده یاییلماغا باشلادی. هیندوستاندا گئتدیکجه نۆفۇذونو الدن وئرن بۇدیزم، گۆنئی‌شرق آسیا و اۇزاق‌شرق آسیادا اثرینی گۆنوموزه کیمی داوام ائتدیرمیشدیر. ==بیرده باخ== {{Wikipedia books|Buddhism}} {{پوْرتال|دین}} {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو|colwidth=30em}} * [[تنگری‌چیلیک]] {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو سوْنو}} ==نوتلار== {{قایناق|group=note|2}} ''Subnotes'' {{قایناق|group=subnote|2}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==Sources== <!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Only references that are actually used and cited in the article should be placed here. Mainly list only books, and journals (not websites, newspapers). List in alphabetical order, by first author's last name. Try maintaining a standard formatting style and add ISBN numbers if possible. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite_sources for further details. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --> ===کیتابلار=== {{Refbegin|30em}} <!-- A --> * {{Citation|last=Ajahn Sucitto| authorlink = Ajahn Sucitto|year=2010|title=Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching|publisher=Shambhala}} * {{Citation| last =Anderson | first =Carol | year =1999 | title =Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon | publisher =Routledge}} * {{Cite book | last =Anderson | first =Carol | year =2003 | chapter =Four Noble Truths | editor-last =Buswell | editor-first =Robert E. | title =Encyclopedia of Buddhism | url =https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbu0000unse_j9t4 | publisher =Macmillan Reference Books | isbn =978-0028657189}} * {{Citation| last =Anderson | first =Carol | year =2013 | title =Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon | publisher =Routledge}} * {{Citation|last=Armstrong|first=Karen|authorlink=Karen Armstrong|title=Buddha|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn=978-0143034360|page=}} <!-- B --> * {{Citation|last=Bareau|first=André|authorlink=André Bareau|title='Les Sectes bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule|publisher=École Française d'Extrême-Orient|location=Saigon|year=1955|isbn=}} * {{Citation| last=Gombrich|first= Richard | year =1984| title =The World of Buddhism | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-0500250891}} * {{Citation|last=Bodhi|first=Bhikkhu| authorlink=Bhikkhu Bodhi |title=The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. 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If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on the article's talk page, or submit your link to the relevant category at Curlie (curlie.org) and link there using {{Curlie}}. --> * [http://buddhanet.net/ Worldwide Buddhist Information and Education Network], BuddhaNet * [https://suttacentral.net/ Early Buddhist texts, translations, and parallels], SuttaCetral * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160808095741/http://alc.ucla.edu/refguide/refguide.htm East Asian Buddhist Studies: A Reference Guide], Robert Buswell and William Bodiford, UCLA * [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150625131436/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/sites/default/files/filemanager/ASDP/WabashDePauw2014/Buddhist_Asia_Bibliography_China_and_Tibet.pdf Buddhist Bibliography (China and Tibet)], East West Center * [http://www.unm.edu/~rhayes/numata.html Ten Philosophical Questions: Buddhism], Richard Hayes, Leiden University * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org Readings in Theravada Buddhism], Access to Insight * [http://terebess.hu/zen/hakuin.html Readings in Zen Buddhism], Hakuin Ekaku (Ed: Monika Bincsik) * [http://www.dsbcproject.org Readings in Sanskrit Buddhist Canon], Nagarjuna Institute – UWest * [http://www.tipitaka.org/index.shtml Readings in Buddhism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624145400/https://www.tipitaka.org/index.shtml |date=2021-06-24 }}, Vipassana Research Institute (English, Southeast Asian and Indian Languages) * [[:dmoz:Society/Religion and Spirituality/Buddhism|Religion and Spirituality: Buddhism]] at Open Directory Project * [http://www.patheos.com/Topics/Future-of-World-Religions/Buddhism.html The Future of Buddhism series], from ''[[Patheos]]'' * [http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/buddhism/default.htm Buddhist Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020135347/https://asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/buddhism/default.htm/ |date=2020-10-20 }}, Smithsonian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080106085643/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/index.html Buddhism&nbsp;– objects, art and history], V&A Museum {{Buddhism topics}} {{Navboxes |title=Buddhism by country |list= {{Africa in topic|Buddhism in}} {{Asia in topic|Buddhism in}} {{Buddhism in Europe}} {{North America in topic|Buddhism in}} {{South America in topic|Buddhism in}} }} {{Gautama Buddha}} {{Religion topics}} {{مین مقاله}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:قوتاما بودا]] [[بؤلمه:بودیزم]] [[بؤلمه:شرق دینلری]] o1m7a7ic4nv09i1q1vejvr7rmb97uau 0 22723 1590673 1584387 2026-07-15T08:15:58Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590673 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Greek uc psi icon.svg|left]] '''سایکولوژی''' یا '''پسیکولوژی''' یوخسا '''تین‌بیلیم''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]: Psychology، [[فارسجا]]: روانشناسی) — [[روح]]، روحی عالم؛ — بیلیک، اؤیره‌نمک، علم — «[[داورانیش]] حاقین‌دا علم» دئمک‌دیر. سایکولوژی علمینین اوصولو مورکّب و چوْخ‌جهت‌لی‌دیر. '' سایکولوژی '' [[داورانیش]] و [[ذهن]] علمی‌دیر،<ref name="Fernald">Fernald LD (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7p-J4-SWuQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Psychology: Six perspectives''] (pp. 12–15). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.</ref><ref name="Psychology">Hockenbury & Hockenbury. Psychology. Worth Publishers, 2010.</ref> اینسان داورانیشینین و ذهنی پروسسلرین اساس سببلرینی اؤیره‌نن و تدقیق ائدن بیر علم‌دیر. سایکولوژی دیگر علملردن داها قیسا بیر تاریخه مالیک‌دیر. بۇ قیسا مدت عرضینده سایکولوژی مۆختلیف یوْللارلا بللی ائدیلمیشدیر. ایلک تعریف اینسان بئیینین یاپیسال (ساختار) و اونون اؤیرنیلمه‌سی ایدی. روانشیناسلار اینسان عقلینی مۆشاهیده ائتمک مۆمکون اوْلمادیغی حال‌دا سایکولوژی «مۆشاهیده اوْلونان داورانیشلارین علمی آراشدیریلماسی» شکلینده تعیین ائتمیش لر. سایکولوژی، حافیظه پروسسلری و دۆشونجه کیمی ذهنی خۆصوصیت لری باشلایان داورانیشا اینسان بئیینین ائتکیینی قبول ائتمه یَن بیلیشسئل سایکولوژی اوْرتایا چیخدی سایکولوژی علمی هم ده فعالیت و بیلیم یوردون سایکولوژی پروبلملرینی اؤیرنیر. داورانیش فعالیت و اونسیت پروسسینده موختلیف فورمالاردا تظاهر ائدیر. سایکولوژی بئیین‌ده اوبیئکتیو عالمین سوبیئکتیو صورتی کیمی عمله گلن داورانیشنین فاکتلاری، قانون اویغونلوقلاری و مکانیزم لری حاقین‌دا علم‌دیر. == داورانیش == قدیم‌دن داورانیش حاقین‌دا ایکی تعلیم – ماتریالیست و ایدئالیست تعلیم واردیر. سایکولوژینین بیر علم کیمی اینکیشافی اساساً ماتئریالیت تعلیمین اینکیشافی ایله باغلی اوْلموش‌دور. داورانیش اوبیئکتیو عالمین سوبیئکتیو اینیکاسین‌دان عبارت‌دیر. اینیکاس ماتئرییانین ان عمومی خاصه‌سی‌دیر. اینیکاس دئدیک‌ده ایکی اوبیکتین قارشی‌لیق‌لی تأثیری پروسسی و اونون نتیجه‌سی نظرده توتولور. بۇ زامان همین اوبیکتلردن بیرین‌ده عمله گلن دییشیک‌لیکلر او بیرینی تأثیری ایله شرط‌لنیر و سونونجونون ایستروکتورونا اویغون اولور. [[ایوان سچنوو]] ثبوت ائتدی کی، داورانیش رفلکتور کاراکتر داشیییر. آکادمیک [[ایوان پاولوو]] رفلکتور نظریه‌نی گئنیش اکسپریمنتال تدقیقاتلار اساسین‌دا یئنی فاکتلارلا زنگینلشدیردی. اونون آلی سینیر فعالیتی حاقین‌داکی تعلیمی رئفلئکتور نظریه‌نین اینکیشافین‌دا خصوصی مرحله تشکیل ائدیر. داورانیش حاقین‌دا علمی تسووورلرین فورمالاشماسین‌دا [[تبیتشوناس‌لیق]] موهوم رول اوینامیش‌دیر. مۆعاصیر تصووورلره گؤره سایکولوژی فونک‌سییالار بئیین ساحه‌لرینین بیرگه ایشی سایه‌سینده حیاتا کئچیریلن فونکسیونال سیستملر (P.K.Anoxin) کیمی فعالیت گؤستریر. اونون سیستم تشکیل ائدن مرکزی عاملی ایشین نتیجه‌سی و یا مقصدی ایله اوزلاشیرلار. == سایکولوژی حادثه‌لرین تصنیفی == سایکولوژی حادثه‌لری شرطی اولاراق اوچ بؤیوک قروپا بؤلورلر: # سایکولوژی پروسسلر. # سایکولوژی حاللار (و یا سایکولوژی هالتلر، وضعیتلر). # سایکولوژی خاصه‌لر (و یا خصوصیتلر). '''سایکولوژی پروسسلر''' سایکولوژی علمینین اساس بؤلمه‌لارین‌دان بیری‌دیر. [[ایدراک پروسسلری]]نه ([[دویغو]]، [[قاوراییش]]، [[دقت]]، [[حافیظه]]، [[تفکّور]]، [[نیطق]] و [[تخیّول]])، ایرادی پروسسلره و ائموسیونال پروسسلره بیرلیک‌ده سایکولوژی پروسسلر دئییلیر. باشقا سؤزله، سایکولوژی پروسسلر اؤزلری ده اوچ یاریمقروپا بؤلونور: ایدراک پروسسلری، حیسی پروسسلر، ایرادی پروسسلر. سایکولوژی حادثه‌لرین ایکینجی قروپونو تشکیل ائدن '''سایکولوژی حاللار''' و یا وضعیتلر دا موختلیف‌دیر. دالغین‌لیق، اینام‌سیزلیق، شوبهه و … سایکولوژی حاللارا مثال اولا بیلر. ==بونلارا دا باخ== *[[اؤز-شما]] *[[شووق]] == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:Hippocrates.jpg File:Wundt-research-group.jpg File:One of Pavlov's dogs.jpg File:Hypothalamus.jpg File:Skinner teaching machine 01.jpg File:Working memory model.svg File:Müller-Lyer illusion.svg File:Shibuya tokyo.jpg File:Hall Freud Jung in front of Clark.jpg </gallery> ==قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} * Wozniak, R.H. (1999). Introduction to memory: Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885/1913). [http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Ebbinghaus/wozniak.htm Classics in the history of psychology] * W. Edward Craighead & Linda Wilcoxon Craighead, "Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy" in Weiner (ed.), ''Handbook of Psychology'' (2003), Volume 8: ''Clinical Psychology''. * 'The Principles of Psychology'' (1890), with introduction by George A. Miller, Harvard University Press, 1983 paperback, {{ISBN|0-674-70625-0}} (combined edition, 1328 pages) * The American Psychological Society: [http://www.apa.org/research/responsible/index.aspx Responsible Conduct of Research] * Teri L. Elliott, "Disaster Psychology: Keep Clients out of Your Office—Get into the Field!" in Morgan et al. (ed.), ''Life After Graduate School in Psychology'' (2005). "...it is the disaster psychologist's role to utilize crisis intervention processes with the goal of preventing natural distress due to the critical event from developing into a more harmful, long-term psychological condition." * Teo, ''The Critique of Psychology'' (2005), pp. 36–37. "Methodologism means that the method dominates the problem, problems are chosen in subordination to the respected method, and psychology has to adopt without question, the methods of the natural sciences. [...] From an epistemological and ontological-critical as well as from a human-scientific perspective the experiment in psychology has limited value (for example, only for basic psychological processes), given the nature of the psychological subject matter, and the reality of persons and their capabilities." * T.S. Kuhn, ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions'', 1st. ed., Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 1962. * Shettleworth, S. J. (2010) Cognition, Evolution and Behavior (2nd Ed), New York: Oxford. * Russell M. Bauer, Elizabeth C. Leritz, & Dawn Bowers, "Neuropsychology", in Weiner (ed.), ''Handbook of Psychology'' (2003), Volume 2: ''Research Methods in Psychology''. * Ron Sun, (2008). The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology. Cambridge University Press, New York. 2008. * Peter E. Nathan & James Langenbucher, "Diagnosis and Classification", in Weiner (ed.), ''Handbook of Psychology'' (2003), Volume 8: ''Clinical Psychology''. * Myers (2004). Motivation and work. ''Psychology''. New York, NY: Worth Publishers * Moore, B.E.; Fine, B.D. (1968), A Glossary of Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts, Amer Psychoanalytic Assn, p. 78, {{ISBN|978-0-318-13125-2}} * Monica L. Baskin, "Public Health: Career Opportunities for Psychologists in Public Health", in Morgan et al. (ed.), ''Life After Graduate School in Psychology'' (2005). "Prevention strategies of late have largely concentrated on community-based interventions, which have been shown to be effective in changing the health of large populations. Behavioral and social scientists, such as psychologists, are helpful in this arena as we are trained to view individuals as belonging to complex and dynamic social systems, including immediate and extended family systems, acquaintance and friendship networks, neighborhood and community systems, and cultural groups (Schneiderman & Spee4, 2001)." * Milgram, Stanley. (1974), Obedience to Authority; An Experimental View. Harpercollins ({{ISBN|0-06-131983-X}}). * Michela Gallagher & Randy J. Nelson, "Volume Preface", in Weiner (ed.), ''Handbook of Psychology'' (2003), Volume 3: ''Biological Psychology''. * Melvin M. 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"In short, then, the studies presented above indicate that humans are keen to act on the goals of other social beings that are implied in behavioral scenarios or scripts." Also see: {{cite journal | last1 = Aarts | last2 = Hassin | last3 = Gollwitzer | first2 = | title = Goal Contagion: Perceiving is for Pursuing | url = http://www.goallab.nl/publications/documents/Aarts,%20Gollwitzer,%20Hassin%20%282004%29%20-%20goal%20contagion.pdf| journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 87 | issue = 1| year = 2004 | doi=10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.23 | pages=23–37 | pmid=15250790}} * Guthrie, ''Even the Rat was White'' (1998), Chapter 7: "Production of Black Psychologists in America" (pp. 155–213). * Guthrie, ''Even the Rat was White'' (1998), Chapter 1: "'The Noble Savage' and Science" (pp. 3–33) * Gregory, ''Psychological Testing'' (2011), pp. 44–45. * Gregory, ''Psychological Testing'' (2011), pp. 41–42. * Gregory, ''Psychological Testing'' (2011), p. 61. * Gregory, ''Psychological Testing'' (2011), p. 2. "From birth to old age, we encounter tests at almost every turning point in life. […] Tests are used in almost every nation on earth for counseling, selection, and placement. Testing occurs in settings as diverse as schools, civil service, industry, medical clinics, and counseling centers. Most persons have taken dozens of tests and thought nothing of it. Yet, by the time the typical individual reaches retirement age, it is likely that psychological test results will have helped to shape his or her destiny." * Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). ''The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research''. Chicago: Aldine. * Gary Marcus, [http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/the-crisis-in-social-psychology-that-isnt The Crisis in Social Psychology That Isn't], ''New Yorker'' 1 May 2013; Michelle N. 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Banks & Ilya Farber, "Consciousness", in Weiner (ed.), ''Handbook of Psychology'' (2003), Volume 4: ''Experimental Psychology''; and in {{cite journal | last1 = Deber | first1 = James A | last2 = Jacoby | first2 = Larry L. | year = 1994 | title = Unconscious Perception: Attention, Awareness, and Control | url = http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.412.4083&rep=rep1&type=pdf| journal = Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume = 20 | issue = 2| pages = 304–317| doi=10.1037/0278-7393.20.2.304}} * Cecilia Taiana, "Transatlantic Migration of the Disciplines of Mind: Examination of the Reception of Wundt's and Freud's Theories in Argentina", in Brock (ed.), ''Internationalizing the History of Psychology'' (2006). * Carver, C., & Scheier, M. (2004). Perspectives on Personality (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson. * Boyle, G.J. (1995). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): Some psychometric limitations. 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Norton & Company|location=New York|isbn=978-0-393-93421-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/psychologicalsci03edgazz_q9f9/page/n23 23]}} * {{cite book |last=Pinel |first=John |title=Biopsychology |url=https://archive.org/details/biopsychology0000pine_s7c3 |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=0-205-83256-3}} * [http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2010-14802-001 The WEIRDest people in the world?] Henrich, J., Heine, S., & Norenzayan, A. (2011). [[Behavioral and Brain Sciences]], 33, 61–135. * [[Roger E. Kirk]], "Experimental Design" in Weiner (ed.), ''Handbook of Psychology'' (2003), Volume 2: ''Research Methods in Psychology''. * [[روبرت یرکیز]], "[http://www.pnas.org/content/4/10/295.full.pdf Measuring the Mental Strength of an Army]"; ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 4.10, 15 October 1918. * [[E. Tory Higgins]], ''Beyond Pleasure and Pain: How Motivation Works''; Oxford University Press, 2012; {{ISBN|978-0-19-976582-9}} * [[Derek Russell Davis]] (DRD), "psychology", in Richard L. Gregory (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to the Mind'', second edition; Oxford University Press, 1987/2004; {{ISBN|978-0-19-866224-2}} (pp. 763–764). * [[Cordwainer Smith|Paul M. A. Linebarger]], ''Psychological Warfare''; Washington: Combat Forces Press, 1954. * "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-psychology/ Aristotle's Psychology]". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:سایکولوژی|سایکولوژی]] [[بؤلمه:علم]] [[بؤلمه:Behavioural sciences]] cvtzr6kufebgs3004gja0cf86nuyc1u 0 23557 1590645 1572620 2026-07-15T07:17:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Armenians<br>Հայեր ''Hayer'' | image = Flag of Armenia.svg | caption = The [[ارمنیستان بایراغی]] | population = [[شابلون:Circa]] '''6'''<ref>different sources: *{{cite book|author1=Dennis J.D. Sandole|title=Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The OSCE and Conflict Resolution|url=https://archive.org/details/peacesecurityinp0000denn|date=24 January 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134145713|page=[https://archive.org/details/peacesecurityinp0000denn/page/n209 182]|quote=The nearly 3 million Armenians in Armenia (and 3–4&nbsp;million in the Armenian Diaspora worldwide) "perceive" the nearly 8&nbsp;million Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan as "Turks."}} *{{cite book|editor1-last=McGoldrick|editor1-first=Monica|editor2-last=Giordano|editor2-first=Joe|editor3-last=Garcia-Preto|editor3-first=Nydia|title=Ethnicity and Family Therapy, Third Edition|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicityfamilyt00mcgo_103|date=18 August 2005|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=9781606237946|page=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicityfamilyt00mcgo_103/page/n458 439]|edition=3|quote=The impact of such a horror on a group who presently number approximately 6 million, worldwide, is incalculable.}} *{{cite book|author1=Gevorg Sargsyan|author2=Ani Balabanyan|author3=Denzel Hankinson|title=From Crisis to Stability in the Armenian Power Sector: Lessons Learned from Armenia's Energy Reform Experience|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcrisistostab00sarg|date=1 January 2006|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=9780821365908|page=[https://archive.org/details/fromcrisistostab00sarg/page/18 18]|edition=illustrated|quote=The country's estimated 3–6&nbsp;million Diaspora represent a major source of foreign direct investment in the country.}} *{{cite book|author1=Arthur G. Sharp|title=The Everything Guide to the Middle East: Understand the people, the politics, and the culture of this conflicted region|url=https://archive.org/details/everythingguidet0000shar|date=15 September 2011|publisher=Adams Media|isbn=9781440529122|page=[https://archive.org/details/everythingguidet0000shar/page/n150 137]|quote=Since the newly independent Republic of Armenia was declared in 1991, nearly 4 million of the world's 6&nbsp;million Armenians have been living on the eastern edge of their Middle Eastern homeland.}}</ref>–'''8&nbsp;million'''<ref>different sources: *{{cite book|last=Von Voss|first=Huberta|title=Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World|url=https://archive.org/details/portraitsofhopea0000unse|year=2007|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781845452575|page=xxv|quote=...there are some 8 million Armenians in the world... }} *{{cite book|last=Freedman|first=Jeri|title=The Armenian genocide|url=https://archive.org/details/armeniangenocide0000free|year=2008|publisher=Rosen Publishing Group|location=New York|isbn=9781404218253|page=52|quote=In contrast to its population of 3.2&nbsp;million, approximately 8 million Armenians live in other countries of the world, including large communities in the America and Russia.}} *{{cite book|title=Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview: A Global Historical Overview|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=9781851099085|author=Guntram H. Herb, David H. Kaplan|page=1705|quote=A nation of some 8 million people, about 3&nbsp;million of whom live in the newly independent post-Soviet state, Armenians are constantly battling not to lose their distinct culture, identity and the newly established statehood.}} *{{cite book|title=Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00saun|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=9780810854758|author=Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Struko|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00saun/page/50 50]}} *{{cite book|last=Philander|first=S. George|title=Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaglob00phil|year=2008|publisher=SAGE|location=Los Angeles|isbn=9781412958783|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaglob00phil/page/n126 77]|quote=An estimated 60 percent of the total 8 million Armenians worldwide live outside the country...}} *{{cite book|title=Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00saun|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=9780810874602|author=Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Strukov|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00saun/page/51 51]|quote=Worldwide, there are more than 8 million Armenians; 3.2&nbsp;million reside in the Republic of Armenia.}} </ref> | popplace= {{بایراق|ائرمنیستان}}{{فاصله|5}}3,018,854<ref name="Armstat 2011 census">{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia|publisher=Armstat |accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> | region1 = {{بایراق|روسیه}} | pop1 = 1,182,388<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls|title=National makeup of the population of the Russian Federation ''(Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации)''|publisher=[[Russian Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=5 January 2013|language=ru|archivedate=2014-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929022331/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls}}</ref>–2,900,000<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00saun|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-5475-8|author=Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Struko|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00saun/page/50 50]}}</ref> | region2 = {{بایراق|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری}} | pop2 = 1,000,366<ref>{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=https://archive.org/details/2011AmericanCommunitySurveyAncestry|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=22 December 2012}}</ref>–1,500,000<ref>*{{cite web|url=http://www.anca.org/press_releases/press_releases.php?prid=1365|title=Barack Obama on the Importance of US-Armenia Relations|date=19 January 2008|publisher=[[Armenian National Committee of America]]|accessdate=24 July 2012|archivedate=2013-01-06|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DSOLhXIG?url=http://www.anca.org/press_releases/press_releases.php?prid=1365}} *{{cite news|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2012/05/20/kim-kardashian-urges-support-for-telethon/|title=Kim Kardashian Urges Support for Telethon|date=20 May 2012|agency=''[[The Armenian Weekly]]''|accessdate=24 July 2012}} *{{cite news|last=Milliken|first=Mary|title=Armenian-American clout buys genocide breakthrough|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/10/12/us-usa-armenians-idUSN1144509820071012|accessdate=5 December 2012|date=12 October 2007|agency=''[[Reuters]]''|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223335/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/10/12/us-usa-armenians-idUSN1144509820071012|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region4 = {{بایراق|فرانسه}} | pop4 = 250,000<ref name="Thon">{{cite book|last=Thon|first=Caroline|title=Armenians in Hamburg: an ethnographic exploration into the relationship between diaspora and success|url=https://archive.org/details/armeniansinhambu0000thon|year=2012|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-643-90226-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/armeniansinhambu0000thon/page/25 25]}}</ref>–750,000<ref name="Taylor">{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Tony|title=Denial: history betrayed|url=https://archive.org/details/denialhistorybet0000tayl|year=2008|publisher=Melbourne University Pub.|location=Carlton, Victoria|isbn=978-0-522-85482-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/denialhistorybet0000tayl/page/4 4]}}</ref> | region5 = {{بایراق|Georgia}}<br/>{{•}}{{بایراق|آبخازیا}}{{refn|{{Abkhazia-note}}|group="note"}} | pop5 = 168,191<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |title=National Statistics Office of Georgia |accessdate=2018-05-18 |archivedate=2017-10-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074805/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf }}</ref><br/>41,864<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ru:В Абхазии объявили данные переписи населения |url=http://rus.delfi.lv/news/daily/abroad/v-abhazii-obyavili-dannye-perepisi-naseleniya.d?id=42015926|newspaper=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|date=29 December 2011|accessdate=20 August 2013|language=ru}} (According to the 2011 census).</ref> | region6 image = Flag of Artsakh.svg {{ref|The Republic of Artsakh is ''de facto'' independent and mainly integrated into Armenia, however, it is internationally recognized as ''de jure'' part of [[آذربایجان جومهوریتی]]|group="note"}} | pop6 = 146,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gov.nkr.am/en/regions/|title=Population estimates of NKR as of 01.01.2013|accessdate=20 February 2014|author=Republic of Artsakh|archivedate=2019-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023134823/http://gov.nkr.am/en/regions/}}</ref> | region7 = {{بایراق|لوبنان}} | pop7 = 150,000<ref name="Gibney">{{cite book|last=Gibney|first=Matthew J.|title=Immigration and asylum: from 1900 to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu01gibn|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-1-57607-796-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu01gibn/page/n25 13]}}</ref> | region8 = {{بایراق|ایران}} | pop8 = 120,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noravank.am/arm/issues/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=2376|script-title=hy:Իրանահայ համայնք. ճամպրուկային տրամադրություններ|trans-title=The Iranian-Armenian community|last=Vardanyan|first=Tamara|date=21 June 2007|publisher=[[Noravank Foundation]]|accessdate=5 January 2013|language=hy}}</ref> | region9 = {{بایراق|آلمان}} | pop9 = 90,000–110,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Գերմանիաիի հայ համայնքը [Armenian community of Germany]|first=Babken|last=Sargsyan|url=http://www.armenialiberty.org/content/article/2279357.html Armenian Service|date=8 December 2012|accessdate=10 January 2015|language=hy}}</ref> | region10 = {{بایراق|سوریه}}{{refn|The number of Syrian Armenians is estimated to be far lower due to the [[سوریه ایچ ساواشی]], as these are pre war figures. Many fled to [[لوبنان]], [[ائرمنیستان]], and the west respectively. |group="note"}} | pop10 = 100,000<ref name="Arm. Min. Diaspora">{{cite web|url=http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html |title=THE VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF ARMENIAN DIASPORA |publisher=Ministry of [[Armenian diaspora|Diaspora]] of the Republic of Armenia |date= |accessdate=2014-02-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140219123645/http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html |archivedate=19 February 2014 }}</ref> | region11 = {{بایراق|اوکراین}} | pop11 = 100,000<ref name="Ukraine 2001 Census">{{قایناق۱|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/s5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=20&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20&n_page=2 |title=The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue |year=2001 |publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine |publication-place=Kiev |accessdate=5 January 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | region12 = {{بایراق|برزیل}} | pop12 = 100,000<ref>[http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/comunidade-armenia-prospera-no-brasil-mas-nao-abandona-luta-pela-memoria-do-massacre-15908325 Comunidade armênia prospera no Brasil, mas não abandona luta pela memória do massacre]. By Breno Salvador. ''[[O Globo]]'', 24 April 2015</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Federal Senate of Brazil Recognizes Armenian Genocide|url=http://armenianweekly.com/2015/06/03/federal-senate-of-brazil-recognizes-armenian-genocide/|agency=Armenian Weekly|date=3 June 2015}}</ref> | region13 = {{بایراق|یونان}} | pop13 = 80,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Հունաստանի հայ համայնքը պատրաստվում է Հայաստանի նախագահի հետ հանդիպմանը [Armenian community of Greece preparing for the meeting with the Armenian president]|first=Astghik|last=Bedevyan|url=http://www.armenialiberty.org/content/article/2279357.html |agency=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] Armenian Service|date=18 January 2011|accessdate=10 January 2015|language=hy}}</ref> | region14 = {{بایراق|آرژانتین}} | pop14 = 70,000{{Sfn|Ayvazyan|2003|p=100}} | region15 = {{بایراق|تورکیه}} | pop15 = 60,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=161291|newspaper=[[Today's Zaman]]|date=15 December 2008|accessdate=5 January 2013|archive-date=2011-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520084230/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=161291|url-status=dead|archivedate=2011-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520084230/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=161291}}</ref> | region16 = {{بایراق|کانادا}} | pop16 = 55,740<ref>{{قایناق۱|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Canada National Household Survey|year=2011|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=20 August 2013}}. Of those, 31,075 reported single and 24,675 mixed Armenian ancestry.</ref> | region18 = {{بایراق|لهیستان}} | pop18 = 50,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mniejszosci.narodowe.mac.gov.pl/mne/mniejszosci/charakterystyka-mniejs/6480,Charakterystyka-mniejszosci-narodowych-i-etnicznych-w-Polsce.html |title=Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2011 (Polish Census of 2011) |year=2011 |publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Polish Central Statistical Office) |accessdate=31 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017060215/http://mniejszosci.narodowe.mac.gov.pl/mne/mniejszosci/charakterystyka-mniejs/6480%2CCharakterystyka-mniejszosci-narodowych-i-etnicznych-w-Polsce.html |archivedate=17 October 2015 }}</ref> | region19 = <center>''see [[Armenian diaspora#Population by country|Armenian population by country]] for other regions'' | languages = [[ارمنی دیلی]] | religions = Christianity<small><br/>[[Armenian Apostolic Church]]{{·}}[[Armenian Catholic Church|Catholic]]{{·}}[[Armenian Evangelical Church|Protestant]]<br/></small> | related = Other [[Peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasian peoples]] | footnotes = }} '''ائرمنی''' — [[ارمنیستان|ائرمنیستان]] وطنداشلارینا و [[ائرمنی دیلی]]نده دانیشانلارا وئریلن آددیر. ائرمنیلری اساساً بیر چوخ اؤلکه‌ده تاپماق اولار٬ آنجاق اوللر چوخ [[ارمنیستان|ائرمنیستان]] و [[روسیه]]‌ده یاشاییردیلار. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:Mkrtum Hovnatanian. Hayk Nahapet.jpeg|<!--[[Hayk]], the legendary founder of the Armenian nation. Painting by [[Mkrtum Hovnatanian]] (1779–1846)]] -----------> File:Armenian Empire.png|<!--The [[Kingdom of Armenia (Antiquity)Kingdom of Armenia]] at its greatest extent under [[Tigranes the Great]] (95–55 BC)]] -----------> File:Fenner, Rest. Persis, Parthia, Armenia. 1835 (A).jpg|<!--200Persis, Parthia, Armenia. Rest Fenner, published in 1835.]] -----------> File:AMBS by Karl von Spruner.jpg|<!--200Armenia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Assyria with Adjacent Regions, Karl von Spruner, published in 1865.]] -----------> File:Ani-Cathedral, Ruine.jpeg|<!--The [[Cathedral of Ani]], completed in 1001]] -----------> File:Morgenthau336.jpg|<!--About 1.5&amp;nbsp;million Armenians were killed during the [[Armenian Genocide]] in 1915–1918.]] -----------> File:Armenian distribution map.png|<!--'''Historical and modern distribution of Armenians.&lt;br /&gt;'''Settlement area of Armenians in early 20th century:&lt;br /&gt;{{legend inline#967117&gt;50%}}{{nbsp5}}{{legend inline -----------> File:ArmenianDiaspora.png|<!--Map of the [[Armenian diaspora]]]]url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/asli-nin-aci-sirri-289270 -----------> |<!--Armenian woman in [[traditional dress]].]] -----------> File:Tatev Monastery from a distance.jpg|<!--Ancient [[Tatev Monastery]].]] -----------> File:Sargis Pitsak.jpg|<!--A 14th-century Armenian illuminated manuscript]] -----------> File:Khatchkar at Goshavank Monastery in Armenia.jpg|<!--The famous [[Khachkar]] at [[Goshavank]], carved in 1291 by the artist Poghos.]] -----------> File:Armenian children.jpg|<!--Armenian children at the UN Cup Chess Tournament in 2005.]] -----------> File:Van Armenian Weavers.jpeg|<!--Armenian girls, weaving carpets in Van, 1907, [[Ottoman Empire]]]] -----------> File:Khorovats.jpg|<!--[[Khorovats]] is a favorite Armenian dish]] -----------> </gallery> [[بؤلمه:خالقلار]] e865p96bu4sz2z6518rwxws3dqlbska 0 26201 1590679 1537111 2026-07-15T08:33:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | image = AA Abrikosov ANL1.jpg | caption = Abrikosov in 2003 | birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1928|6|25}} | birth_place = [[موسکو]], [[روسیه شوروی فدراتیو سوسیالیست جومهوریتی]], [[شوروی]] | death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|2017|3|29|1928|6|25}} | death_place = [[پالو آلتو، کالیفورنیا]], [[کالیفورنیا]], [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * [[شوروی]] (1928–1991) * [[روسیه]] (since 1992) * [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] (since 1999)}} | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[موسکو دولتی بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [[USSR Academy of Sciences]]}} | doctoral_advisor = Lev. D Landau<ref name="marriage">{{cite book |last1=Hargittai |first1=Balazs |title=Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/candidsciencevco0000harg |date=2005 |publisher=Imperial College Press |isbn=1860945066 |page=[https://archive.org/details/candidsciencevco0000harg/page/185 185] |ref=can}}</ref> | doctoral_students = | known_for = {{Plainlist| * [[Abrikosov vortex]] * [[Fermi liquid theory]] * [[Quantum triviality]] * [[Condensed matter physics]] * [[Type-II superconductor]]}} | website = {{URL|http://www.msd.anl.gov/abrikosov}} | spouse = {{Marriage|Svetlana Yuriyevna Bunkova|1977}} | children = 3 | field = [[فیزیک]] | work_institution = {{Plainlist| * [[Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics|Landau Institute]] * [[موسکو دولتی بیلیم‌یوردو]] * [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]] * [[Argonne National Laboratory]]}} | prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Lenin Prize]] (1966) * [[List of Fritz London Memorial Prizes|Fritz London Prize]] (1972) * [[USSR State Prize]] (1982) * [[Landau Gold Medal]] (1989) * Member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] (2000)<ref name=nas>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819045412/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/3009280.html|archive-date=2015-08-19|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/3009280.html|title=Alexei A. Abrikosov, Argonne National Laboratory|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> * [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] (2001)<ref name=frs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|archive-date=2015-03-16|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|title=Fellows of the Royal Society}}</ref> * [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (2003) }} }} '''آلکسی آلکسیویچ آبریکوسوف''' ({{lang-en|Alexei Abrikosov}}) [[روسیه]] لی [[فیزیک]] بیلیم آدامی دیر. ۲۰۰۲-جی ایلده [[سوئد]]ین [[نوبل اؤدولو|نوبل]] وقفی قۇرومو طرفیندن وئریلن [[فیزیک نوبل اؤدولو]]نه لاییق گؤرونموشدور.<br /> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق|35em}} {{فیزیکده نوبل جایزه‌سینی قازانانلار}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:نوبل اؤدولو قازانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:نوبل اؤدولو]] [[بؤلمه:نوبل فیزیک اؤدولو قازانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۲۸-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۷-جی میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:روسیه‌ده یهودی‌لیق]] [[بؤلمه:شورویلی فیزیکچیلر]] hb64imxebuw9uqel49tjq1qftf2mjc3 0 27185 1590615 1558381 2026-07-15T06:25:57Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ron-Robert Zieler | image = Ron-Robert Zieler.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Zieler with Stuttgart in 2017 | fullname = Ron-Robert Zieler<ref>{{cite news |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: List of Players |url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2014/pdf/fwc_2014_squadlists.pdf |publisher=FIFA |format=PDF |page=16 |date=11 June 2014 |accessdate=11 June 2014 |archive-date=2015-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=2015-06-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|2|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[کولن]], West Germany | height = 1.88 m<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rollin |editor1-first=Glenda |editor2-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2009–2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse |publisher=Headline |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7553-1948-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse/page/502 502] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hugman |first=Barry J. |title=The PFA Footballers Who's Who 2009–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8 |year=2009 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-474-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8/page/n453 452] }}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[اشتوتقارت فوتبال کولوبو|اشتوتقارت]] | clubnumber = 1 | youthyears1 = 1994–1999 |youthclubs1 = SCB Viktoria Köln | youthyears2 = 1999–2005 |youthclubs2 = [[1. FC Köln]] | youthyears3 = 2005–2008 |youthclubs3 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] | years1 = 2008–2010 |clubs1 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |caps1 = 0 |goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2008–2009 |clubs2 = → [[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]] (loan) |caps2 = 2 |goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2010–2011 |clubs3 = [[Hannover 96 II]] |caps3 = 15 |goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2010–2016 |clubs4 = [[هانوفر ۹۶ فوتبال کولوبو|هانوفر ۹۶]] |caps4 = 185 |goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2016–2017 |clubs5 = [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] |caps5 = 9 |goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2017– |clubs6 = [[اشتوتقارت فوتبال کولوبو|اشتوتقارت]] |caps6 = 34 |goals6 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 |nationalteam1 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005–2006 |nationalteam2 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 11 |nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2007 |nationalteam3 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U18]] |nationalcaps3 = 1 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2008 |nationalteam4 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U19]] |nationalcaps4 = 10 |nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 2009 |nationalteam5 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U20]] |nationalcaps5 = 5 |nationalgoals5 = 0 | nationalyears6 = 2011– |nationalteam6 = [[آلمان میلّی فوتبال تیمی|آلمان]] |nationalcaps6 = 6 |nationalgoals6 = 0 | club-update = 30 June 2018 | ntupdate = 15 August 2015 | medaltemplates = {{MedalCompetition|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی]]}} {{Medal|W|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۴]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}} {{Medal|B|[[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]]|}}<!--Though there was no third place playoff, UEFA decided in the 2012 edition to award the semi-final losers (Germany and Portugal) bronze medals.--> {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship|2008]]|}} }} '''رن روبرت تسیلر''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Ron-Robert Zieler) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1989|2|12|df=y}} [[کولن]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[اشتوتقارت فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[آلمان]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[قولر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۴]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" Style="text-align: center" |- !rowspan="2"|Club!!rowspan="2"|Season!!colspan="3"|League!!colspan="2"|Cup!!colspan="2"|Continental!!colspan="2"|Other!!colspan="2"|Total!!rowspan="2"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]]||[[2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season|2008–09]] |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |<ref name = sb0809>{{cite web|title=1. Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=49988&season_id=138|publisher=Soccerbase|accessdate=30 June 2018}}</ref> |- |[[2009–10 Manchester United F.C. season|2009–10]] |Premier League |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=1. Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=49988&season_id=139|publisher=Soccerbase|accessdate=30 June 2018}}</ref> |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!0!!0!!— |- |[[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]] (loan)||[[2008–09 Northampton Town F.C. season|2008–09]] |[[League One]] |2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||0 |<ref name=sb0809/> |- |[[Hannover 96 II]]||[[2010–11 Regionalliga|2010–11]] |[[Regionalliga Nord]] |15||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||0 |<ref name="Ron-Robert Zieler » Club matches">{{cite web|title=Ron-Robert Zieler " Club matches|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/ron-robert-zieler/2/|publisher=World Football|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> |- |rowspan="7"|[[هانوفر ۹۶ فوتبال کولوبو|هانوفر ۹۶]]||[[2010–11 Hannover 96 season|2010–11]] |[[بوندسلیقا]] |15||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||0 |<ref name="Ron-Robert Zieler » Club matches"/> |- |[[2011–12 Hannover 96 season|2011–12]] |Bundesliga |34||0||2||0||13<ref group=lower-alpha name="UEL">Appearances in the [[یوفا آوروپا لیقا‌سی]].</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||49||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2011-12/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=17 November 2015|language=German}}</ref> |- |[[2012–13 Hannover 96 season|2012–13]] |Bundesliga |34||0||3||0||12<ref group=lower-alpha name="UEL"/>||0||colspan="2"|—||49||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=17 November 2015|language=German}}</ref> |- |[[2013–14 Hannover 96 season|2013–14]] |Bundesliga |34||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2013-14/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=17 November 2015|language=German}}</ref> |- |[[2014–15 Hannover 96 season|2014–15]] |Bundesliga |34||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2014-15/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=17 November 2015|language=German}}</ref> |- |[[2015–16 Hannover 96 season|2015–16]] |Bundesliga |34||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=17 November 2015|language=German}}</ref> |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!185!!0!!11!!0!!25!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!221||0!!— |- |[[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]]||[[2016–17 Leicester City F.C. season|2016–17]] |Premier League |9||0||0||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearances in the [[اوروپا قهرمانلار لیگی]].</ref>||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearances in the [[EFL Cup|English League Cup]].</ref>||0||11||0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=1. Ron-Robert Zieler|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=49988&season_id=149|publisher=Soccerbase|accessdate=30 June 2018}}</ref> |- |rowspan="3"|[[اشتوتقارت فوتبال کولوبو|اشتوتقارت]]||[[2017–18 VfB Stuttgart season|2017–18]] |Bundesliga |34||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||0 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ron-Robert Zieler |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2017-18/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=18 February 2019 |language=German}}</ref> |- |[[2018–19 VfB Stuttgart season|2018–19]] |Bundesliga |22||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||23||0 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ron-Robert Zieler |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2018-19/39284/vereinsspieler_ron-robert-zieler.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=18 February 2019 |language=German}}</ref> |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!56!!0!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!60!!0!!— |- !colspan="3"|Career totals!!267!!0!!15!!0!!26!!0!!1!!0!!309!!0!!— |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Ron-Robert Zieler | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۸۹-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:فوتبال قولرلری]] [[بؤلمه:منچستر یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:نورث‌همپتون تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:هانوفر ۹۶ کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یوفا یورو ۲۰۱۲ اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۴ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:لستر سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:اشتوتقارت کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] rktfxxab2qiatesbqyt5da0lj12inxj 0 28103 1590610 1583760 2026-07-15T06:20:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = تورونتو | official_name = تورونتو شهری | settlement_type = شهر | image_skyline = {{Multiple image|total_width=270px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox | image1 = Toronto Skyline 2017.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, South view 20170417 1.jpg | alt2 = | image3 = Nathan Phillips Square (33343114810).jpg | alt3 = | image4 = Toronto - ON - Humber Bay und Humber Bay Arch Bridge.jpg | alt4 = | image5 = Casa Loma (23170005321).jpg | alt5 = | image6 = 2.Extension of Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.jpg | alt6 = | image7 = Scarborough bluffs -b.jpg | alt7 = }} | image_size = 280px | image_caption = From top, left to right: The [[CN Tower]] viewed from [[Harbourfront, Toronto|Harbourfront]], the [[Ontario Legislative Building]], [[Toronto City Hall|City Hall]] with the [[3D Toronto sign]], [[Humber Bay Arch Bridge]], [[Casa Loma]], the [[Royal Ontario Museum]] and the [[Scarborough Bluffs]] | image_flag = Toronto Flag.svg | flag_size = 125px | flag_link = Flag of Toronto | image_seal = Coat of arms of Toronto.svg | seal_type = Coat of arms | seal_size = 95px | seal_link = Coat of arms of Toronto | image_blank_emblem = Toronto, City of.svg | blank_emblem_type = [[Wordmark]] | blank_emblem_size = 140px | etymology = From the [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]] word {{Lang|iro|tkaronto}}, the name of a channel between Lakes [[Lake Simcoe|Simcoe]] and [[Lake Couchiching|Couchiching]] | nickname = See ''[[Name of Toronto]]'' | motto =موختلیف‌لیک بیزیم گوجوموز</br>Diversity Our Strength<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/awards-tributes/tributes/history-of-city-symbols/|website=www.toronto.ca|title=History of City Symbols|publisher=City of Toronto|year=2020|access-date=October 27, 2020|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812134238/https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/awards-tributes/tributes/history-of-city-symbols/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Social Construction of Diversity: Recasting the Master Narrative of Industrial Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/socialconstructi0000unse_p1m3|last1=Harzig|first1=Christiane|last2=Juteau|first2=Danielle|last3=Schmitt|first3=Irina|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2006|isbn=978-1-57181-376-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialconstructi0000unse_p1m3/page/n325 310]|quote=In reflecting and capturing this sense of the city, one of the first actions of the newly amalgamated Toronto City Council in 1998 was to adopt "Diversity Our Strength" as its official motto.}}</ref>{{Efn|The motto is typically rendered without punctuation, while the city's coat of arms uses [[Bullet (typography)|typographical bullets]] to space the words used in the motto. However, some sources from the municipal government of Toronto renders the motto with punctuation, as "Diversity, Our Strength."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/equity-diversity-inclusion/ |title=Equity, Diversity & Inclusion |author=City of Toronto Government |access-date=October 27, 2020}}</ref>}} | pushpin_map = Ontario | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ontario | coordinates = {{Coord|43|44|30|N|79|22|24|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = اؤلکه | subdivision_name = کانادا | subdivision_type1 = [[کانادا اوستانلاری و اراضیلاری|اوستان]] | subdivision_name1 = [[اونتاریو]] | parts_type = [[Amalgamation of Toronto|Districts]] | parts = {{unbulleted list|[[East York]]|[[Etobicoke]]|[[North York]]|[[Old Toronto]]|[[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]]|[[York, Toronto|York]]}} | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1750 (as [[Fort Rouillé]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |title=The real story of how Toronto got its name &#124; Earth Sciences |website=Geonames.nrcan.gc.ca |date=September 18, 2007 |access-date=February 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209114921/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |archive-date=December 9, 2011 |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archivedate=2011-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209114921/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php }}</ref> | established_title1 = Established | established_date1 = آقوست 27, 1793 (as [[York, Upper Canada|York]]) | established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] | established_date2 = مارس 6, 1834 (as Toronto) | established_title3 = [[Census divisions of Ontario|Amalgamated into division]] | established_date3 = ژانویه 20, 1953 (as [[Metropolitan Toronto]]) | government_type = [[List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities|Single-tier municipality]] with a [[Mayor–council government|mayor–council system]] | leader_title = [[Mayor of Toronto|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[John Tory]] | leader_title1 = {{Nowrap|Deputy Mayors}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tory-council-appointments-city-hall-1.4942316|title=Mayor reveals new appointments as a cut-down council focuses on big issues|work=CBC News|date=December 12, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226210140/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tory-council-appointments-city-hall-1.4942316|archive-date=December 26, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/tory-makes-his-picks-for-deputy-mayors-committee-chairs|title=Tory makes his picks for deputy mayors, committee chairs|work=Toronto Sun|date=December 12, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2019|first=Antonella|last=Artuso|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085750/https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/tory-makes-his-picks-for-deputy-mayors-committee-chairs|archive-date=March 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | leader_name1 = {{Plainlist| * [[Denzil Minnan-Wong]] * [[Ana Bailão]] * [[Michael Thompson (Canadian politician)|Michael Thompson]] * [[Stephen Holyday]]}} | unit_pref = Metric | total_type = City | area_footnotes = &nbsp;<ref name=2016censusCSD>{{SCref|unit=csd|name=2016csd|year=2016|accessdate=2017-02-12|3520005}}</ref><ref name=2011censusPC>{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=801&PR=0&RPP=9999&SR=1&S=3&O=D | title=Population and dwelling counts, for population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses | work=[[2011 Canadian Census|2011 Census of Population]] | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=January 13, 2014 | access-date=December 11, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026043520/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=801&PR=0&RPP=9999&SR=1&S=3&O=D | archive-date=October 26, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=2011censusCMA>{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=50 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas, 2011 and 2006 censuses | work=[[2011 Canadian Census|2011 Census of Population]] | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=January 13, 2014 | access-date=December 11, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622041944/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=50 | archive-date=June 22, 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 630.20 | area_urban_km2 = 1792.99 | area_metro_km2 = 5905.71 | elevation_m = 76.5 | population_as_of = [[2016 Canadian census|2016 Census]]<!--Please don't change until the 2021 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANSTYLE]]--> | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Data=Count&B1=All |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 4334.4<!--Please don't change until the 2021 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANSTYLE]]--> | population_total = 2731571<!--Please don't change until the 2021 Canadian Census is released per [[WP:CANSTYLE]]--> ([[List of the 100 largest urban areas in Canada|1st]]) | population_blank1_title = Greater Toronto Area (metro) | population_blank1 = 6417516 ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|1st]]) | population_blank2_title = [[Golden Horseshoe|Region]] | population_blank2 = 9245438 | pop_est_as_of = | population_est = | population_demonym = Torontonian | population_note = | population_urban = 5,429,524<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=801&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&PR=0&CMA=0#tPopDwell |title=Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census }}</ref> | postal_code_type = Postal code span | postal_code = [[List of postal codes of Canada: M|M]] | area_codes = [[Area codes 416, 647, and 437|416, 647, 437]] | unemployment_rate = | blank_name_sec2 = GDP (Toronto {{قیسالتما|CMA|Census metropolitan area}}) | blank_info_sec2 = [[کانادا دولاری]]385.1&nbsp;billion (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistics Canada. Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000)|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> | blank1_name_sec2 = GDP per capita (Toronto {{قیسالتما|CMA|Census metropolitan area}}) | blank1_info_sec2 = CA$57,004 (2016) | blank2_name = Major airports | blank2_info = [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], [[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport]] | blank3_name = [[List of Ontario provincial highways|Highways]] | blank3_info = [[Ontario Highway 2|2A]], [[Ontario Highway 27|27]], [[Ontario Highway 400|400]], [[Ontario Highway 401|401]], [[Ontario Highway 404|404]], [[Ontario Highway 409|409]], [[Ontario Highway 427|427]], [[Black Creek Drive]], [[Allen Road]], [[Don Valley Parkway]], [[Gardiner Expressway]], [[Queen Elizabeth Way]] | blank4_name = [[Rapid transit]] | blank4_info = [[Toronto subway]] | blank5_name = [[Commuter rail]] | blank5_info = [[GO Transit]] | blank6_name = Waterways | blank6_info = [[Black Creek (Toronto)|Black Creek]], [[Burke Brook]], [[Don River (Ontario)|Don River]], [[Etobicoke Creek]], [[German Mills Creek]], [[Humber River (Ontario)|Humber River]], [[Keating Channel]], [[Mimico Creek]], [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River]], [[Taylor-Massey Creek]] | website = {{URL|toronto.ca/}} | leader_title2 = Body | leader_name2 = [[Toronto City Council]] | leader_title3 = <!--Listing MPs under government in the infobox implies that they are part of the City of Toronto administration, when in fact they are not.--> [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Federal<br />representation]] | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of {{قیسالتما|MPs|members of Parliament}} |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1=[[Gary Anandasangaree]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |2=[[Yvan Baker]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |3=[[Carolyn Bennett]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |4=[[Bill Blair (politician)|Bill Blair]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |5=[[Shaun Chen]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |6=[[Julie Dabrusin]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |7=[[Han Dong (politician)|Han Dong]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |8=[[Kirsty Duncan]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |9=[[Julie Dzerowicz]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |10=[[Ali Ehsassi]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |11=[[Nathaniel Erskine-Smith]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |12=[[Chrystia Freeland]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |13=[[Ahmed Hussen]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |14=[[مایکل لویت]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |15=[[James Maloney (Canadian politician)|James Maloney]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |16=[[John McKay (politician)|John McKay]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |17=[[Marco Mendicino]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |18=[[Bill Morneau]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |19=[[Rob Oliphant]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |20=[[Yasmin Ratansi]] ([[Independent politician|IND]]) |21=[[Judy Sgro]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |22=[[Adam Vaughan]] [[Liberal Party of Canada|(LPC)]] |23=[[Arif Virani]] [[Liberal Party of Canada|(LPC)]] |24=[[Jean Yip]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) |25=[[Salma Zahid]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]) }} | leader_title4 = <!--Listing MPPs under government in the infobox implies that they are part of the City of Toronto administration, when in fact they are not.-->{{Nowrap|[[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|Provincial<br />representation]]}} | leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of {{قیسالتما|MPPs|members of Provincial Parliament}} |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = <!-- (optional) --> |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1=[[Jill Andrew]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |2=[[Roman Baber]] ([[Independent politician|IND]]) |3=[[Aris Babikian]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |4=[[Doly Begum]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |5=[[Jessica Bell (politician)|Jessica Bell]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |6=[[Rima Berns-McGown]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |7=[[Raymond Cho (politician)|Raymond Cho]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |8=[[Stan Cho]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |9=[[Michael Coteau]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]]) |10=[[Doug Ford]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |11=[[Chris Glover]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |12=[[Faisal Hassan]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |13=[[Christine Hogarth]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |14=[[Mitzie Hunter]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]]) |15=[[Bhutila Karpoche]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |16=[[Vincent Ke]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |17=[[Robin Martin]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |18=[[Christina Mitas]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |19=[[Suze Morrison]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |20=[[Tom Rakocevic]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |21=[[Marit Stiles]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |22=[[Kinga Surma]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |23=[[Peter Tabuns]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |24=[[Vijay Thanigasalam]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |25=[[Kathleen Wynne]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]]) }} | established_title4 = [[Merger (politics)|Amalgamated]] | established_date4 = January 1, 1998 (as [[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]]) | timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] | utc_offset = −5 | timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −4 | blank_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map | blank_info = 030M11 | blank1_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code | blank1_info = FEUZB }} '''تورونتو''' - ({{IPAc-en|audio=EN-Toronto.ogg|t|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|t|oʊ|}}, {{IPAc-en|local|t|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|oʊ|audio=Toronto_local_pronunciation.ogg}}) ({{lang-fr|Toronto}}) [[کانادا|کانادادا]] [[اونتاریو]] [[کانادا اوستانلاری و اراضیلاری|اوستانینین]] مرکزی شهری دیر. بۇ شهرین نۆفوسو، ۲۰۱۶-جی ایلین نۆفوس ساییمی اساسیندا ۲٬۷۳۱٬۵۷۱ نفر ایمیش. بۇ باخیم‌دان اۆلکه‌نین بیرینجی شهری سایاگلیر.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Data=Count&B1=All|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> '''تورونتو''' شهرینین ۶۳۰٫۲ کیلومتر موربع ساحه‌سی واردی. بو شهر کانادانین لاپ نوفوسلی شهری دیر و شمال آمریکادا، ۴-جو جمعیتلی شهر حساب اولونور. ==تاریخ== ===۱۸۰۰-دن قاباق=== اوروپالیلار ایلک دفعه ایندیکی تورونتونون یئرینه گلدیکده،[[ایروکز‌لر|ایروکز‌لرین]]{{sfn|Myrvold|Fahey|1997|pages=12–18}} یاخینلیقلاریندا یاشاییردیلار. اولار عصرلر بویو و ۱۵۰۰-جو ایله قدر، [[هورونلر|هورونلری]]، کی او منطقه‌نین یئرلی یاشایانلاریندانیدیلر، آوارا قویدولار.<ref>See R. F. Williamson, ed., ''Toronto: An Illustrated History of its First 12,000 Years'' (Toronto: James Lorimer, 2008), ch. 2, with reference to the [[Mantle Site, Wendat (Huron) Ancestral Village|Mantle Site]].</ref> تورونتو آدی، چوخ گومان کی، «آغاجلارین سودا دایاندیغی یئر» معناسینی وئرن [[موهاک دیلی|موهاک]] سوزوندن (''tkaronto'') گوتورولموشدور.<ref name=etymology>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |title=The real story of how Toronto got its name |website=geonnames.nrcan.gc.ca |publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]] (2005) |access-date=December 8, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016222541/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |archive-date=October 16, 2006 |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archivedate=2011-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209114921/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gray|first=Jeff|date=October 17, 2003|title=A defining moment for tkaronto|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/a-defining-moment-for-tkaronto/article18432992/|url-access=registration}}</ref> ===۱۹-جی عصر=== ۱۸۱۳-جو ایلده، [[۱۸۱۲-جی ایل ساواشی|۱۸۱۲-جی ایل ساواشینین]] بیر حیصه‌سی اولاراق، [[یورک دویوشو|یورک دویوشونده]] بیرلشمیش ایالتلر قووه‌لری طرفیندن تالان ائدیلمه‌سی ایله سونا چاتدی.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.udata.com/users/hsbaker/york.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820093114/http://www.udata.com/users/hsbaker/york.htm|archive-date=August 20, 2007 |title=Battle of York|access-date=July 10, 2007}}</ref> [[جان استراچان]] شهرین تسلیم اولماسینی موذاکیره ائتدی. آمریکالی سربازلار، بئش گونلوک ایشغال دورانیندا سربازخانالارین چوخون داغیتدیلار و پارلیمان بینالارین یاندیردیلار. یورکون قووولماسی سببیله اینگیلیس بیرلیکلری، داها سونراکی ساواشدا [[واشینقتونون یانماسی|واشینقتون دی‌سی-نین یاندیریلماسی]] ایله قیصاص آلدی. [[File:Battle of York airborne.jpg|thumb|left|آمریکا قووه‌لری [[یورک دویوشو|یورک دویوشونده]]۱۸۱۳-جو ایلده.]] یورک، ۶ مارس ۱۸۳۴-جو ایلده یئرلی تورونتو آدین قبول ائدی و تورونتو شهری تاسیس ائدیلدی. ایصلاحاتچی سیاستچی [[ویلیام لیون مکئنزی]]، تورونتونون ایلک بلدیه باشچی‌سی اولدو و ۱۸۳۷-جی ایلده اینگیلیس موستملکه‌سینین حوکومتینین علیه‌ینه، باش توتمایان [[یوخاری کانادا عوصیانی]]نا رهبرلیک ائتدی. ===۲۰-جی عصر=== ===۲۱-جی عصر=== ==جوغرافیا== تورونتو ۶۳۰ کیلومئتر موربع (۲۴۳ مایل موربع)،<ref name=population>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?PR=35&T=2&SR=1&S=3&O=D Population statistics and land area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317191603/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?PR=35&T=2&SR=1&S=3&O=D |date=March 17, 2007 }}, Statistics Canada (2001). Retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref> ماکزیموم شمال-جنوب مسافه‌سی ۲۱ کیلومئتر (۱۳ مایل) اولان بیر اراضینی ائحاطه ائدیر. ماکسیموم شرق-غرب مسافه‌سی ۴۳ کیلومئتر (۲۷ مایل) و اونتاریو گولونون شمال-غرب ساحیلینده ۴۶ کیلومئتر (۲۹ مایل) اوزونلوغوندا یاحیلی وار.<ref name="northwest">{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/getting_here.htm |title=Getting Here |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=February 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705224859/http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/getting_here.htm |archive-date=July 5, 2007 |url-status=live |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archivedate=2007-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705224859/http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/getting_here.htm }}</ref> ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق|30em |refs= <ref name="sc-geo-profile-to">{{cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CSD-eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=eng&GK=CSD&GC=3520005 |title=Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census: Toronto, City (CSD) – Ontario: Immigration and Ethnocultural diversity |access-date=October 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108124945/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CSD-eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=eng&GK=CSD&GC=3520005 |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archivedate=2017-11-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108124945/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CSD-eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=eng&GK=CSD&GC=3520005 }}</ref> <ref name="sc-profile-to">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=3520005&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=3 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Toronto, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Canada [Country] |access-date=October 31, 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada }}{{Dead link|date=October 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} ==کیتاب‌لار== {{Refbegin|30em}} *{{cite book |first=Keith |last=Dinnie |title=City Branding: Theory and Cases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dW69d3qY9h8C&pg=PA21|year=2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24185-5 }} * {{cite book |first=Hazel |last=Duffy |year=2004 |title=Competitive Cities: Succeeding in the Global Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9wIBVb8Q9AC&pg=PA154 |publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-36231-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Gibson |first=Sally |title=Toronto's Distillery District: history by the lake |year=2008 |publisher=Cityscape Holdings Inc. and Dundee Distillery District (GP) Commercial Inc. |isbn=978-0-9809905-0-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Hounsom |first=Eric Wilfrid |year=1970 |title=Toronto in 1810 |publisher=Ryerson Press |location = Toronto |isbn=978-0-7700-0311-1 }} * {{cite book |last = Johansen Aase |first=Emily|year = 2014 |title = Cosmopolitanism and Place: Spatial Forms in Contemporary Anglophone Literature |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location = New York City, NY, USA |isbn = 978-1-137-40266-0 }} * {{cite book |first1=James Keith |last1=Johnson |first2=Bruce G. |last2=Wilson |title=Historical Essays on Upper Canada: New Perspectives |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalessays0000unse |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-88629-070-2 }} * {{cite book |first1=Barbara |last1=Myrvold |first2=Curtis |last2=Fahey |title=The people of Scarborough : a history |url=https://archive.org/details/peopleofscarboro0000myrv |publisher=Scarborough Public Library Board |location=Scarborough, Ont. |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-9683086-0-8 }} * {{Cite book |last =Robertson |first = John Ross |year =1894 |title =Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto: A Collection of Historical Sketches of the Old Town of York from 1792 Until 1837, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1894 |url =https://archive.org/details/cihm_13082 |publisher=J. Ross Robertson |location = Toronto }} *{{cite book|last=Schmalz|first=Peter S.|title=The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario|year=1991|publisher=University of Toronto Press{{!}}|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-8020-6778-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ojibwaofsouthern0000schm}} *{{cite book |editor-first=R. F. |editor-last=Williamson |title=Toronto: An Illustrated History of its First 12,000 Years |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=James Lorimer |year=2008 }} {{Refend}} ==علاوه اوخو== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |first1=Howard |last1=Akler |first2=Sarah |last2=Hood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9INeDSqwJ1MC&q=Toronto&pg=PA1 |title=Toronto: The Unknown City |publisher=Arsenal Pulp Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-55152-146-6 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Careless |first=J.M.S. |author-link=J. M. S. Careless |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008050 |title=Toronto |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada |access-date=December 3, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103123419/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008050 |archive-date=January 3, 2006 }} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7V5-PlPhwnAC&q=Toronto&pg=PP1|title=Toronto to 1918: An Illustrated History|first=J. M. S|last=Careless|publisher=J. Lorimer and National Museum of Man|year=1984|isbn=978-0-88862-665-3}} * {{cite web |year = 2007 |title = Ultimate Inline Skating Guide to Toronto v1.5 |url = https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&output=nl&msid=105047441964785653381.0000011358da39f6cf7dd |format = Google Earth |access-date = July 7, 2007 }} * {{cite book | author-link = Mike Filey | last = Filey | first = Mike | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ToQcKz0DFM4C&q=Toronto&pg=PP1 | title = Toronto: the way we were | publisher = [[Dundurn Press]] | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-55002-842-3 }} * {{Cite book |last = Fulford |first = Robert |year = 1995 |title = Accidental city: the transformation of Toronto |publisher = Macfarlane, Walter & Ross |location = Toronto |isbn = 978-0-921912-91-0 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/accidentalcitytr00fulf }} Also {{ISBN|1-55199-010-5}} (paperback). * {{cite book|first=Richard|last=Harris|title=Unplanned Suburbs: Toronto's American Tragedy, 1900 to 1950|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EF2uN3v0i9gC|date=October 7, 1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6282-3}} * The novel "[[In the Skin of a Lion]]" by [[مایکل اونداده]] depicts Toronto in the 1920s, giving prominence to the construction of Toronto landmarks, such as the [[Prince Edward Viaduct]] and the [[R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant]], and focusing on the lives of the immigrant workers. * {{Cite book |last1 = Phillips |first1 = Robert |last2=Bram |first2=Leon |last3=Dickey |first3=Norma |year = 1971 |title = Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |location = New York |volume = Vol. 23 |isbn= 978-0-8343-0025-5 }} * {{Cite book |last = Rayburn |first = Alan |year = 2001 |title = Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names |publisher = University of Toronto Press |location = Toronto |edition = 2nd |isbn = 978-0-8020-8293-0 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aiUZMOypNB4C&q=Naming%20Canada%3A%20stories%20about%20Canadian%20place%20names&pg=PP1 }} * {{cite web |author=Statistics Canada |year=2003 |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=Toronto |work=Statistics Canada. 2002. 2001 Community Profiles. |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] Catalogue no. 93F0053XIE |access-date=December 3, 2005 |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archivedate=2017-10-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022220053/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= }} * {{cite web |author=City of Toronto |url=http://www.toronto.ca/economic_profile/index.htm |title=Toronto's Economic Profile |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=May 30, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619141654/http://www.toronto.ca/economic_profile/index.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2006 |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archivedate=2006-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619141654/http://www.toronto.ca/economic_profile/index.htm }} * {{cite book|first=Carolyn|last=Whitzman|title=Suburb, slum, urban village: transformations in Toronto's Parkdale neighbourhood, 1875–2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcyQvnb0EiEC|year=2009|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-1535-2}} {{Refend}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== * {{Official website|http://www.toronto.ca/}}, the official City of Toronto web site {{جوغرافیایی موقعیت |Center=تورونتو |North=[[وائوقان]], [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]] |Northeast= |East=[[پیکرینق، اونتاریو|پیکرینق]] |Southeast= |South=''[[اونتاریو گولو]]'' |Southwest= |West=[[میسیساگا]] |Northwest=[[برمپتون، اونتاریو|برمپتون]] }} {{Navboxes|list = {{بویوک تورونتو منطقه‌سی}} {{Canada capitals}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toronto}} [[بؤلمه:تورونتو| ]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۳۴ - جو ایلینده کانادا اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] mq1sid9f766ued0pqucam313yaspf6e 0 28122 1590666 1567313 2026-07-15T08:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = هالیفاکس، نووا اسکوشیا | settlement_type = [[Regional municipality#Nova Scotia|Municipality]] | official_name = Halifax Regional Municipality | nickname = | native_name = | motto = "E Mari Merces"{{فاصله|2}}{{Small|([[لاتین دیلی]])<br />"From the Sea, Wealth"}} | image_skyline = Halifax Montage December 2017.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Downtown Halifax]] skyline, Crystal Crescent Beach, [[Halifax Central Library|Central Library]], [[Sullivan's Pond]], [[Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia|Peggy's Cove]], [[Angus L. Macdonald Bridge|Macdonald Bridge]] | image_flag = Halifax Flag.svg | image_map = HalifaxCountyHRM.png | mapsize = 275px | map_caption = Location in Nova Scotia |pushpin_map = Canada |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Canada | pushpin_relief = yes | flag_size = 100px | image_seal = | image_shield = Halifax COA.svg | shield_size = 100px | image_blank_emblem = Halifax Regional Municipality Logo, 2014.svg | blank_emblem_size = 120 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = [[کانادانین اوستانلاری و اراضیلاری]] | subdivision_name1 = [[نووا اسکوشیا]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | government_type = [[Regional Municipality]] | leader_title = [[List of mayors of the Halifax Regional Municipality|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Michael Savage (politician)|Mike Savage]] | leader_title1 = Governing&nbsp;body | leader_name1 = [[Halifax Regional Council]] | leader_title2 = [[House of Commons of Canada|MPs]] | leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list | title = List of MPs | title_style = | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | 1 = [[Andy Fillmore]] (LPC) | 2 = [[Geoff Regan]] (LPC) | 3 = [[Darren Fisher]] (LPC) | 4 = [[Darrell Samson]] (LPC) | 5 = [[Bernadette Jordan]] (LPC) }} | leader_title3 = [[Nova Scotia House of Assembly|MLAs]] | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list | title = List of MLAs | title_style = | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | 1 = [[Barbara Adams (politician)|Barbara Adams]] | 2 = [[Patricia Arab]] | 3 = [[Gary Burrill]] | 4 = [[Claudia Chender]] | 5 = [[Keith Colwell]] | 6 = [[Lena Diab]] | 7 = [[Rafah DiCostanzo]] | 8 = [[Tim Halman]] | 9 = [[Larry Harrison (politician)|Larry Harrison]] | 10 = [[Bill Horne]] | 11 = [[Tony Ince]] | 12 = [[Ben Jessome]] | 13 = [[Brad Johns]] | 14 = [[Labi Kousoulis]] | 15 = [[Susan Leblanc]] | 16 = [[Brendan Maguire]] | 17 = [[Kevin Murphy (Canadian politician)|Kevin Murphy]] | 18 = [[Iain Rankin (politician)|Iain Rankin]] | 19 = [[Kelly Regan]] | 20 = [[Lisa Roberts (politician)|Lisa Roberts]] | 21 = [[Dave Wilson (Sackville politician)|Dave Wilson]] }} | established_title = Regional Municipality | established_date = April 1, 1996 | established_title2 = City | established_date2 = 1842 | established_title3 = Town | established_date3 = 1749 | named_for = [[George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax]] | area_footnotes = &nbsp;(2016)<ref name=2016censusNSmunis/><ref name=2016censusprofile>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMACA&Code1=205&Geo2=POPC&Code2=0348&Data=Count&SearchText=halifax&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Halifax [Population centre], Nova Scotia|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|date=February 8, 2017|access-date=February 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222053012/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMACA&Code1=205&Geo2=POPC&Code2=0348&Data=Count&SearchText=halifax&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 5490.35 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = 234.72 | blank_name = Dwellings (2016)<ref name=2016censusNSmunis/><ref name=2016censusprofile/> | blank_info = 187,338 | blank1_name = Median Income{{Efn|Median household income, 2005 (all households)}} | blank1_info = $54,129 [[کانادا دولاری]] | blank2_name = Total Coastline | blank2_info = 2,400 km (1,491 mi) | blank3_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map | blank3_info = 011D13 | blank4_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code | blank4_info = CBUCG | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = <ref name=2016censusNSmunis/> | population_note = | population_total = 403131<ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&TABID=1&B1=All&Code1=1209034&SearchText=halifax |title=Archived copy |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103085445/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1209034&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=halifax&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 |archive-date=November 3, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 73.4 | population_urban = 316701<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=POPC&Code1=0348&Geo2=PR&Code2=12&Data=Count&SearchText=Halifax&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=0348&TABID=1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910081122/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=POPC&Code1=0348&Geo2=PR&Code2=12&Data=Count&SearchText=Halifax&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=0348&TABID=1 |archive-date=September 10, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_density_urban_km2 = 1349.3 | population_blank1_title = Change&nbsp;{{Small|2011-2016}} | population_blank1 = {{آرتیش}}3.3% | population_blank2_title = Census&nbsp;ranking | population_blank2 = 14 of 5,162 | population_demonym = Haligonian | timezone = [[Atlantic Time Zone|AST]] | utc_offset = −04:00 | timezone_DST = ADT | utc_offset_DST = −03:00 | coordinates = {{Coord|44|52|00|N|63|42|58|W|region:CA-NS_source:http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/CBUCG|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_max_ft = 793.6 | postal_code_type = Postal code span | postal_code = B0J ,B3A to B4G | area_codes = [[Area code 902|902]], [[Area code 782|782]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[عومومی داخیلی محصول]] (Halifax {{قیسالتما|CMA|Census metropolitan area}}) | blank_info_sec2 = [[کانادا دولاری]]20.6 billion (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801 |title=Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000) |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184338/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> | blank1_name_sec2 = GDP per capita (Halifax {{قیسالتما|CMA|Census metropolitan area}}) | blank1_info_sec2 = CA$50,946 (2016) | website = [http://www.halifax.ca/ www.halifax.ca] | footnotes = {{Notelist}} }} '''هالیفاکس''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|'''Halifax'''}}) [[کانادا|کانادانین]] شهرلریندن بیریدیر. بۇ شهرین نۆفوسو، ۲۰۱۱-جی ایلین نۆفوس ساییمی اساسیندا ۳۹۰۰۹۶ نفر ایمیش. بۇ باخیم‌دان اۆلکه‌نین ۱۴ اینجی شهری سایاگلیر. '''هلیفکس، نوا اسکوشیا'''، [[نوا اسکوشیا]] اوستانینده یئرلشیب؛ و ۵٬۴۹۰٫۳ کیلومتر موربع ساحه سی واردی. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} * [[Steven Laffoley|Laffoley, Steven]] (2007). ''Hunting Halifax: In Search of History, Mystery and Murder''. Pottersfield Press. {{ISBN|978-1895900934}}. * {{cite book |title=Fortress Halifax: Portrait of a Garrison Town |url=https://archive.org/details/fortresshalifaxp0000park |first=Mike |last=Parker |year=2009 |publisher=Nimbus Publishing |isbn=9781551094946}} * {{cite book |first=Stephen |last=Poole |year=2012 |title=Halifax: Discovering Its Heritage |publisher=Formac Publishing Company Limited |isbn=9781459500525}} * {{cite book |title=A Short History of Halifax |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofha0000souc |year=2014 |publisher=Nimbus Publishing |first=Dan |last=Soucoup |isbn=9781771081849}} * {{cite book |last=Tattrie |first=Jon |year=2013 |title=Cornwallis: The Violent Birth of Halifax |url=https://archive.org/details/cornwallisviolen0000tatt |publisher=Pottersfield Press |isbn=9781897426487 }} ==لینکلر== * {{Official website|http://www.halifax.ca/}} {{Canada capitals}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:هالیفاکس، نووا اسکوشیا]] [[Category:1749 establishments in the British Empire]] [[Category:Geographic regions of Nova Scotia]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Canada]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1996]] [[Category:Port cities and towns on the Canadian Atlantic coast]] [[Category:Regional municipalities in Nova Scotia]] j2ncxk49djjpmweu4izb0tz0j3oayjg 0 28129 1590727 1578803 2026-07-15T10:37:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = وینیپئق | official_name = وینیپئق شهری<br /><small>{{Native name|fr|Ville de Winnipeg}}</small> | settlement_type = [[کانادا شهرلرینین لیستی|اوستانین مرکزی شهری]] | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 275 | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | image1 = CMHR and Winnipeg Downtown (wide aspect).png | alt1 = Canadian Museum of Human Rights | image2 = UofW.JPG | alt2 = University of Winnipeg | image3 = Richardson Building.jpg | alt3 = Intersection of Portage and Main in downtown | image4 = ST. BONIFACE CATHEDRAL 05.jpg | alt4 = St. Boniface Cathedral | image5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge (38395565385).jpg | alt5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge | image6 = Manitoba Legislative building exterior (J) (cropped).jpg | alt6 = Manitoba Legislative building }} | imagesize = 275px | image_caption = From top, left to right: Winnipeg panorama featuring the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]], Wesley Hall at the [[University of Winnipeg]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]], [[Saint Boniface Cathedral]], [[Esplanade Riel]] bridge and the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]] | image_flag = Flag of Winnipeg fair.svg | image_seal = | image_shield = Crest of Winnipeg fair.svg | image_blank_emblem = Flag of Winnipeg (logo version).svg{{!}}border | nickname = [[List of city nicknames in Canada#Manitoba|"Winterpeg"]] | motto = ''Unum Cum Virtute Multorum''<br />{{Small|(One with the Strength of Many)}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Municipal Manual|year=2007|page=16|publisher=City of Winnipeg|url=https://winnipeg.ca/clerks/pdfs/2007MunicipalManual.pdf|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2015-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919194354/http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/pdfs/2007MunicipalManual.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Manitoba | pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[منیتوبا]] | pushpin_relief = <!-- Location ------------------> | coordinates = {{Coord|49|53|4|N|97|8|47|W|region:CA-MB|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = اؤلکه | subdivision_name = [[کانادا]] | subdivision_type1 = [[کانادانین اوستانلاری و اراضیلاری|اوستان]] | subdivision_name1 = [[منیتوبا]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Canada|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Winnipeg Metro Region]] | established_title = Incorporated | established_date = 1873 | leader_title1 = Mayor | leader_name1 = [[Brian Bowman (politician)|Brian Bowman]] | leader_title2 = Governing body | leader_name2 = [[Winnipeg City Council]] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census subdivision of Winnipeg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104523/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|archive-date=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census metropolitan area of Winnipeg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303093130/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|archive-date=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = 464.09 | area_metro_km2 = 5306.79 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 239 <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_footnotes = | population_total = 705,244 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|7th]]) | population_as_of = [[Canada 2016 Census|2016 Census]]<ref name="2016_Census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg Census metropolitan area |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMACA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&TABID=1&B1=All |publisher=Statistics Canada |accessdate=8 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155138/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMACA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&TABID=1&B1=All |archive-date=11 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg, City |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=CD&Code2=4611&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 |publisher=Statistics Canada |accessdate=8 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211082251/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=CD&Code2=4611&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2011CensMuniPops">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=4611040|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Manitoba and census subdivisions|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=6 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722142747/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=4611040|archive-date=22 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Metropolitan areas of Manitoba|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=202&PR=46&S=0&O=D&RPP=50|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=8 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722154351/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=202&PR=46&S=0&O=D&RPP=50|archive-date=22 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 1430 | population_urban = 705,244 ([[List of the 100 largest urban areas in Canada by population|7th]]) | population_density_urban_km2 = 1429 | population_metro = 778,489 ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|8th]]) | population_density_metro_km2 = 146.70 | population_demonym = Winnipegger <!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]] | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|accessdate=3 March 2014|title=Winnipeg|publisher=The World Clock|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209123719/http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|archive-date=9 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | utc_offset_DST = −5 <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]] | area_code = [[Area codes 204 and 431|204 and 431]] | website = {{URL| http://www.winnipeg.ca}} }} '''وینیپئق''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Winnipeg}}) [[کانادا|کانادانین]] شهرلریندن بیریدیر. بۇ شهرین نۆفوسو، ۲۰۱۱-جی ایلین نۆفوس ساییمی اساسیندا ۶۶۳۶۱۷ نفر ایمیش. بۇ باخیم‌دان اۆلکه‌نین ۷ اینجی شهری سایاگلیر. '''وینیپئق'''، [[منیتوبا]] اوستانینده یئرلشیب؛ و ۴۶۴٫۱ کیلومتر موربع ساحه سی واردی. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/books/mrs05.pdf|title=Gateway City: Documents on the City of Winnipeg 1873&ndash;1913|last=Artibise|first=Alan F. J.|publisher=Manitoba Record Society Publications|volume=V|year=1979|ref=none}} * {{cite book |last = Hamilton |first =John David |year =1998 |title =A Winnipeg album: glimpses of the way we were|publisher=Hounslow Press |isbn=0-88882-204-9|ref=non}} * {{cite book |last = Friesen |first =Gerald |year =2009 |title =Prairie metropolis: new essays on Winnipeg social history |url = https://archive.org/details/prairiemetropoli0000unse |publisher= University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-713-2|ref=none}} {{Refend}} ==لینکلر== *{{Official website|http://www.winnipeg.ca/}} *{{Commons-inline}} *{{Wikivoyage-inline}} {{Canada capitals}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:وینیپئق| ]] [[Category:Cities in Manitoba]] [[Category:District of Keewatin]] [[Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1738]] 0eh53oem97h04yrjhqnflzmt5f451tx 0 29424 1590635 1541011 2026-07-15T06:55:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Science that studies life}} [[File:Biology-0001.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Biology is the science of life. It spans multiple levels from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations.]] {{TopicTOC-Biology}} '''جانلی بیلیم''' یا '''بیولوژی''' (''بیوس'' – جانلی، ''لوگوس'' – علم) ([[اینگیلیسجه]]:Biology، [[فارسجا]]: زیست شناسی) جانلی [[طبیعت]] حاقیندا کومپلکس [[علم]]دیر. حال-حاضیردا یئر اۆزرینده مؤوجود اوْلان و محو اوْلموش کُلّی میقداردا نؤع مۆختلیف ‌لییی، اوْنلارین قۇرولوشو و فونکسیاسی، منشیی، چوْخالماسی و اینکیشافی، جانلی و جان‌سیز طبیعت‌له علاقه‌سینی اؤیرنیر. بیولوژی حیاتا خاص اوْلان عۆمومی و اؤزل قانون اویغونلوقلاری بللی ائدیر. بیولوژینین چوْخلو بؤلمه‌لری‌نین اوْلماسینا باخمایاراق، قانون اویغونلوقلار، اساساً، عۆمومی بیولوژی طرفیندن تدقیق ائدیلیر. عۆمومی بیولوژی اؤزونده، اساساً، یئر اۆزرینده حیاتین عمله گلمه‌سی حاقیندا نظریه‌نی، سلول حاقیندا نظریه‌نی (سیتولوژی)، مولکولی بیولوژی، اینسان حاقیندا نظریه‌نی، اکولوژی، ژنتیک، بیوسفر حاقیندا نظریه‌نی، [[تکامول]] نظریه‌سینی ([[داروینیزم]]ی)، اوْرقانیزمین اینکیشافینی اؤیرنیر. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} == چوخ اوخو == {{Further|Bibliography of biology}} {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |author=Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, J.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K.; Walter, P. |title=Molecular Biology of the Cell |url=https://archive.org/details/molecularbiolog000wils |url-access=registration |edition=4th |publisher=Garland |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8153-3218-3 |oclc=145080076 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |author1=Begon, M. |author2=Townsend, C. R. |author3=Harper, J. L. |title=Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems |edition=4th |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Limited |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4051-1117-1 |oclc=57639896 |title-link=Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Neil |author-link=Neil Campbell (scientist) |title=Biology |edition=7th |publisher=Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8053-7146-8 |oclc=71890442 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Colinvaux |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Colinvaux |title=Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist's Perspective |edition=reissue |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-691-02364-9 |oclc=10081738 |url=https://archive.org/details/whybigfierceanim00paul |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Mayr |first=Ernst |title=The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHThtE2R0UQC |year=1982 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-36446-2 |access-date=2015-06-27 |archive-date=2015-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003080726/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHThtE2R0UQC |url-status=live |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Hoagland |first=Mahlon |title=The Way Life Works |url=https://archive.org/details/exploringwaylife0000hoag |edition=reprint |publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers inc |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7637-1688-2 |oclc=223090105 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Janovy |first=John |title=On Becoming a Biologist |url=https://archive.org/details/onbecomingbiolog0000jano |edition=2nd |publisher=Bison Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8032-7620-8 |oclc=55138571 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Johnson |first=George B. |author-link=Johnson George B. |title=Biology, Visualizing Life |publisher=Holt, Rinehart, and Winston |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-03-016723-2 |oclc=36306648 |url=https://archive.org/details/holtbiologyvisua00john |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last1=Tobin |first1=Allan |last2=Dusheck |first2=Jennie |title=Asking About Life |url=https://archive.org/details/askingaboutlife0000tobi |edition=3rd |publisher=Wadsworth |location=Belmont, California |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-534-40653-0 |ref=none}} {{Refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلاری == {{Sister project links}} * {{Curlie|Science/Biology}} * [http://phylonames.org/code/ OSU's Phylocode] * [https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary Biology Online – Wiki Dictionary] * [https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-012-introduction-to-biology-fall-2004/ MIT video lecture series on biology] * [https://www.onezoom.org/ OneZoom Tree of Life] '''ژورنال باغلانتیلاری''' * [https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ PLOS Biology] A peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the [[Public Library of Science]] * [http://www.cell.com/current-biology/ ''Current Biology'']: General journal publishing [[original research]] from all areas of biology * ''[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl Biology Letters]'': A [[Impact factor|high-impact]] [[Royal Society]] journal publishing [[peer-review]]ed biology papers of general interest * ''[https://www.science.org/collections Science]'': Internationally renowned [[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]] science journal – see sections of the life sciences * ''[https://www.ijbs.com/ International Journal of Biological Sciences]'': A biological journal publishing significant peer-reviewed scientific papers * ''[https://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives-biology-and-medicine Perspectives in Biology and Medicine]'': An [[interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] [[scholarly method|scholarly]] journal publishing [[اینشا]]s of broad relevance {{Branches of biology}} {{Portal bar|Biology|Earth sciences|Ecology|Environment|Science}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:بیولوژی|بیولوژی]] [[بؤلمه:بیولوژی ایصطلاحلاری|Biology terminology]] qkyyepaqb6av97yz3p2e0upbo3pkfb2 0 48990 1590747 1568672 2026-07-15T11:12:56Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state | name = Oregon | official_name = State of Oregon | image_flag = Flag of Oregon.svg | flag_caption = Flag (obverse) | image_seal = Seal of Oregon.svg | image_map = Oregon in United States.svg | nickname = The Beaver State | motto = ''[[Alis volat propriis]]''<br />{{Nowrap|(English: She flies with her own wings)}} | anthem = [[Oregon, My Oregon]] | Former = Oregon Territory | seat = [[سیلم، اورقن]] | LargestCity = [[پورتلند، اورقن]] | LargestMetro = [[Portland metropolitan area|Portland]] | population_demonym = Oregonian | Governor = {{Nowrap|[[کیت براون]] ([[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری نین دموکرات حیزبی]])}} | Lieutenant Governor = {{Nowrap|[[Shemia Fagan]] (D)}} | Lieutenant Governor_alt = Secretary of State | Legislature = {{Nowrap|[[Oregon Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]}} | Upperhouse = [[Oregon State Senate|State Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Oregon House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Oregon Supreme Court]] | Senators = {{Nowrap|[[ران وایدن]] (D)}}<br />{{Nowrap|[[جف مارکلی]] (D)}} | Representative = 4 Democrats <br /> 1 [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری نین جومهوریت حیزبی]] | postal_code = OR | TradAbbreviation = Ore. | BorderingStates = [[کالیفورنیا]], [[آیداهو ایالتی]], [[نوادا ایالتی]],<br />[[واشینقتون ایالتی]] | OfficialLang = '''[[De jure]]''': none<ref>{{cite news |url = http://dailyemerald.com/2007/01/30/english-as-oregons-official-language-it-could-happen/ |title = English as Oregon's official language? It could happen |first = Calvin |last = Hall |newspaper = [[Oregon Daily Emerald|The Oregon Daily Emerald]] |date = January 30, 2007 |access-date = May 8, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117094055/http://dailyemerald.com/2007/01/30/english-as-oregons-official-language-it-could-happen/ |archive-date = January 17, 2013 |url-status = live |archivedate = 2013-01-17 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117094055/http://dailyemerald.com/2007/01/30/english-as-oregons-official-language-it-could-happen/ }}</ref><br />'''[[De facto]]''': [[Pacific Northwest English]] | area_rank = 9th | area_total_sq_mi = 98,381 | area_total_km2 = 254,806 | area_land_sq_mi = 95,997 | area_land_km2 = 248,849 | area_water_sq_mi = 2,384 | area_water_km2 = 6,177 | area_water_percent = 2.4 | population_rank = 27th | population_as_of = 2020 | 2010Pop = 4,237,256<ref name=2020census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |title=2020 Census Apportionment Results, Table 2 Resident Population for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census |date=April 30, 2021 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] }}</ref> | population_density_rank = 39th | 2010DensityUS = 39.9 | 2010Density = 15.0 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $60,212<ref name=kff>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|access-date=December 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091007/http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | IncomeRank = 21st | AdmittanceOrder = 33rd | AdmittanceDate = February 14, 1859 | timezone1 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] | utc_offset1 = −08:00 | timezone1_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −07:00 | timezone1_location = most of state | timezone2 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset2 = −07:00 | timezone2_DST = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]] | utc_offset2_DST = −06:00 | timezone2_location = majority of [[مالهور بؤلگه‌سی، اورقن]] | Latitude = 42° N to 46°18′ N | Longitude = 116°28′ W to 124°38′ W | width_mi = 400 | width_km = 640 | length_mi = 360 | length_km = 580 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Hood]]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=RC2244|designation=Mount Hood Highest Point|access-date=October 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 24, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2011-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> | elevation_max_ft = 11,249 | elevation_max_m = 3,428.8 | elevation_ft = 3,300 | elevation_m = 1,000 | elevation_min_point = Pacific Ocean<ref name=USGS /> | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | iso_code = US-OR | website = www.oregon.gov }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols | Name = Oregon | Flag = Flag of Oregon.svg | Seal = Seal of Oregon.svg | Amphibian = | Bird = [[Western meadowlark]] (''Sturnella neglecta'') | Butterfly = | Crustacean = [[Dungeness crab]]<br />(''Metacarcinus magister'') | Fish = [[Chinook salmon]]<br />(''Oncorhynchus tshawytscha'') | Flower = [[Oregon grape]]<br />(''Mahonia aquifolium'') | Grass = [[Pseudoroegneria spicata|Bluebunch wheatgrass]]<br />(''Pseudoroegneria spicata'') | Insect = [[Oregon swallowtail]]<br />(''Papilio oregonius'') | Mammal = [[North American beaver|American beaver]]<br />(''Castor canadensis'') | Mushroom = [[Pacific golden chanterelle]]<br />(''Cantharellus formosus'') | Reptile = | Tree = [[Coast Douglas-fir|Douglas-fir]] | Beverage = [[سود]] | Colors = | Dance = [[Square dance]] | Dinosaur = | Food = [[آرمود]]<br />(''Pyrus'') | Fossil = ''[[Metasequoia]]'' | Gemstone = [[Sunstone|Oregon sunstone]] | Instrument = | Mineral = | Motto = She Flies With Her Own Wings <ref name="Oregon Blue Book">{{cite web | url=https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/facts/almanac/h-m.aspx | title = Oregon State Symbols: Hydropower to Motto | publisher=Oregon Secretary of State | access-date=May 10, 2021}}</ref> | Poem = | Rock = [[Thunderegg]] | Shell = [[Fusitriton oregonensis|Oregon hairy triton]]<br />(''Fusitriton oregonensis'') | Ships = | Soil = [[Jory (soil)|Jory soil]] | Sport = | Tartan = | Toy = | Other = '''Nut:''' [[فیندیق]] | Route Marker = OR 140.svg | Quarter = 2005 OR Proof.png | QuarterReleaseDate = 2005 }} '''اورگن''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Oregon.ogg|ˈ|ɒr|(|ɪ|)|ɡ|ən}})<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> ({{اینگیلیسجه|Oregon}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لری|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالت‌لر]] اؤلکه سینین بیر ایالتی دیر. ==نوتلار== {{قایناق}} ==قایناقلار== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1 = Allen |first1 = John Elliott |last2 = Burns |first2 = Marjorie |last3 = Sargent |first3 = Sam C. |title = Cataclysms on the Columbia |url = https://archive.org/details/cataclysmsoncolu0000alle_m1n5 |year = 2009 |publisher = Ooligan Press |isbn = 978-1-932010-31-2 }} * {{cite book |last = Ambrose |first = Stephen E. |title = Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West |url = https://archive.org/details/undauntedcourage00ambr |url-access = registration |year = 1997 |publisher = Simon & Schuster |location = New York |isbn = 978-0-684-82697-4 |edition = 1st Touchstone }} * {{Cite book |last = Boone |first = Mary |title = Uniquely Oregon |url = https://archive.org/details/uniquelyoregonst0000unse |location = Chicago, Illinois |publisher = Heinemann Library |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-1-4034-4659-6 }} * {{cite book |last = Carey |first = Charles Henry |url = https://archive.org/details/historyoregon00henrgoog |title = History of Oregon: Volume 1 |publisher = Pioneer Historical Publishing Co. |year = 1922 }} * {{cite book |last = Evans |first = Tony Howard |title = Oregon Progressive Reform, 1902–1914 |year = 1966 |publisher = University of California Press |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=auxKAQAAMAAJ&q=+ }} * {{cite book |last = Hemming |first = John |title = Atlas of Exploration |url = https://archive.org/details/atlasofexplorati0000geor |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-0-19-534318-2 }} * {{cite book |last1 = Jewell |first1 = Judy |last2 = McRae |first2 = W.C. |year = 2014 |title = Moon Oregon |url = https://archive.org/details/oregon0000jewe_f2k8 |publisher = Moon Travel |isbn = 978-1-61238-756-7 }} * {{cite book |last = Johnson |first = Sidona V. |year = 1904 |publisher = A.C. McClurg & Co. |location = Chicago |title = A Short History of Oregon |url = https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryor00johngoog |page = [https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryor00johngoog/page/n372 332] |quote = A Short History of Oregon: Early Discoveries--The Lewis and Clark. }} * {{cite book |last1 = Loy |first1 = Willam G. |last2 = Allan |first2 = Stuart |first3 = Aileen R. |last3 = Buckley |first4 = James E. |last4 = Meacham |title = Atlas of Oregon |publisher = University of Oregon Press |year = 2001 |isbn = 978-0-87114-101-9 }} * {{cite book |last = McLagan |first = Elizabeth |title = A Peculiar Paradise: A History of Blacks in Oregon, 1778–1940 |url = https://archive.org/details/peculiarparadise0000mcla |publisher = Georgian Press |year = 1980 |isbn = 978-0-9603408-2-8 }} * {{cite book | last=Miller |first=Christopher |title=Prophetic Worlds: Indians and Whites on the Columbia Plateau|publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-295-98302-7}} * {{cite book |last = Robbins |first = William G. |title = Oregon: This Storied Land |url = https://archive.org/details/oregonthisstorie0000robb |publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press |year = 2005 |isbn = 978-0-87595-286-4 }} * {{cite book |author = Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes |title = Historia de las comunicaciones y los transportes en México |year = 1988 |language = es |volume = 5 |publisher = Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes }} {{Refend}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== {{Sister project links|voy=Oregon}} * {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Oregon}} * ''[https://oregonencyclopedia.org/ Oregon Encyclopedia]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090504084132/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Oregon Oregon State Databases] at the [[American Library Association]] * [http://www.oregon.gov/ State of Oregon] * [https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/ Oregon State Legislature] * [https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/OrConst.aspx Oregon Constitution] * [http://www.traveloregon.com/ TravelOregon.com] an official website of the [[Oregon Tourism Commission]] * [http://oregonstateparks.org/ Oregon State Parks] * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=41&StateName=Oregon#.U8BOUvldUeo Oregon State Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824213017/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=41&StateName=Oregon#.U8BOUvldUeo |date=2016-08-24 }} from the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] * [http://www.ohs.org/ Oregon Historical Society] * [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/default.aspx Oregon Blue Book], the online version of the [[Oregon Blue Book|state's official directory and fact book]] * [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=OR Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Oregon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209112639/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=OR |date=2016-12-09 }} from the [[United States Geological Survey]] * {{OSM relation|165476}} {{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[مینسوتا ایالتی]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینه قوشولان ایالترین لیستی تاریخ اساسیندا]]|years=Admitted on February 14, 1859 (33rd)}} {{S-aft|after=[[کانزاس ایالتی]]}} {{S-end}} {{جوغرافیایی موقعیت | Northwest = | North = {{بایراق|Washington}} | Northeast = | West = Pacific Ocean | Centre = {{بایراق|Oregon}}: [[Outline of Oregon|Outline]] • [[Index of Oregon-related articles|Index]] | East = {{بایراق|Idaho}} | Southwest = Pacific Ocean<br />{{بایراق|Hawaii}} | South = {{بایراق|California}} and {{بایراق|Nevada}} | Southeast = }} {{Oregon|expanded}} {{بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین سیاسی بؤلگوسو}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|43.9336|-120.5583|dim:300000_region:US-OR_type:adm1st|name=State of Oregon|display=title}} [[Category:Oregon| ]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۵۹ - جو ایلینده آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] [[Category:Geography of the Pacific Northwest]] [[بؤلمه:۱۸۵۹ میلادی ایلده قورولان بؤلگه‌لر و اؤلکه‌لر]] [[بؤلمه:بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایالتلری]] [[Category:States of the West Coast of the United States]] [[Category:U.S. states with multiple time zones]] 1fhfhmm4oqnulrzi9diiz65hew219r9 0 57494 1590710 1443950 2026-07-15T09:53:17Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = مک‌مستر بیلیم‌یوردو | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = File:McMasterCoA.png | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = {{یونانجا|ΤΑ·ΠΑΝΤΑ·ΕΝ·ΧΡΙΣΤΩΙ}} | motto_lang = All things cohere in Christ | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = [[دؤولت بیلیم‌یوردو|دؤولتی]] | established =۲۳ آوریل ۱۸۸۷ | closed = | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = ۶۵۵٫۵ میلیون [[کانادا دولاری|C$]] | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = [[پاتریک دین]] | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[همیلتون، اونتاریو|همیلتون]] | state = | province = | country ={{بایراق|کانادا}} | postcode = | coordinates = | campus = شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = {{color box|#990033}} {{color box|#666666}} [[توْخ قیٛرمیزی]] و [[بوْز]] | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = Mac the Marauder | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = | logo =File:McMaster University logo.svg | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''مک‌مستر بیلیم‌یوردو''' {{اینگیلیسجه| McMaster University}}، {{فارسجا|دانشگاه مک‌مستر}}، {{عربجه|جامعة ماكماستر}} کانادانین [[همیلتون، اونتاریو]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. عۆمومی و [[دؤولت بیلیم‌یوردو|دؤولتی‌]] اؤیره‌تیم قۇرومودیر و بودجه‌‌سینی دؤولت و بؤیوک شیرکت‌لر و خالقدان آلدیغی اعانه‌لرله تامین ائدیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:RCMPostcard.jpg|<!--McMaster Hall, located in Toronto, was the original location of the university. 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The emblem is based off the coat of arms of the defunct Hamilton College.|right </gallery> == مزون‌لار == == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش« {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =McMaster University | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{کانادا بیلیم یوردلاری}} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/about_history_1920s.html|title=McMaster in the 1920s|work=History of McMaster|publisher=McMaster University|year=2008|accessdate=13 November 2010|archivedate=2011-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608165446/http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/about_history_1920s.html}} *{{cite book|title=Statutes of the Province of Ontario|url=https://archive.org/details/statutesofprovin1887onta|publisher=Queen's Printer|year=1887|page=[https://archive.org/details/statutesofprovin1887onta/page/370 370]}} [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:McMaster University|McMaster University]] bginl9ysf5uqij61vqcwm8uas8tsfde 0 57738 1590608 1554414 2026-07-15T05:48:11Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = گونئی فلوریدا بیلیم‌یوردو | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = 150px | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = Truth and Wisdom | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = [[دؤولت بیلیم‌یوردو|دؤولتی]] | established =1956 | closed = | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = $417 million | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = [[Judy Genshaft]] | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = ۴۴٬۵۱۷ | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[تمپا]] | state = | province = | country =[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]] | postcode = | coordinates = | campus =شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]], | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = [[Rocky the Bull]] | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = | logo =[[File:University of South Florida wordmark.svg|200px]] | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''گونئی فلوریدا بیلیم‌یوردو''' ({{lang-en| University of South Florida}}, {{lang-fa|دانشگاه جنوب فلوریدا}}، {{lang-ar|جامعة جنوب فلوريدا}})[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]نین [[تمپا]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. و ۴۴٬۵۱۷ لیسانس و لیسانس‌دان یۆکسک اؤیره‌نجی‌سی واردیر. گونئی فلوریدا بیلیم‌یوردو ۱۹۵۶ -جی میلادی ایلده قۇرولوب. عۆمومی و [[دؤولت بیلیم‌یوردو|دؤولتی‌]] اؤیره‌تیم قۇرومودیر و بودجه‌‌سینی دؤولت و بؤیوک شیرکت‌لر و خالقدان آلدیغی اعانه‌لرله تامین ائدیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:John S Allen c 1954.jpg|<!--USF's first president, John S. Allen. File:Moffitt Cancer Center viewed from east.jpg|<!--H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute|Moffitt Cancer Center on the USF campus. File:Usf tampa overlook.jpg|<!--Overlooking the USF Tampa campus. File:BusinessCollegeUSF.jpg|<!--College of Business building. File:NESBuildingUSF.jpg|<!--The Natural and Environmental Sciences building. File:USF Library.jpg|<!--USF Tampa main library File:CAMLS2 usf.jpg|<!--Center for Advanced Medical Learning and Simulation in Tampa. File:Usf tampa engineering.jpg|<!--Engineering buildings at USF. File:Juniperpoplar usf tampa.jpg|<!--Juniper-Poplar Hall. File:usfmilitary.jpg|<!--USF C.W. Bill Young Hall. File:South Florida Bulls wordmark.png|<!--Bulls Athletic wordmark File:Selmoncenter usf.jpg|<!--Lee Roy Selmon Athletic Center. File:N5021589 35562646 7107.jpg|<!--USF Herd of Thunder Marching Band at the Sun Bowl. </gallery> == مزون‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =University of South Florida | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکا بیلیم یوردلاری}} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-south-florida-main-campus-137351/overall-rankings *http://www.usf.edu/financial-aid/cost-of-attendance/1516-coa-students-living-with-parents.aspx {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719024339/http://www.usf.edu/financial-aid/cost-of-attendance/1516-coa-students-living-with-parents.aspx |date=2016-07-19 }} *http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2015_NCSE_Endowment_Market_Values.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131203541/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2015_NCSE_Endowment_Market_Values.pdf |date=2016-01-31 }} *http://honors.usf.edu/About.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024054246/http://honors.usf.edu/About.html |date=2016-10-24 }} *{{cite web|title=USF System Facts 2014-2015|url=http://www.usf.edu/pdfs/usf-facts-2014-15.pdf |website=University of South Florida|accessdate=6 August 210015|format=PDF}} *{{cite web|title=USF Athletics Encourages You to Learn the USF Fight Song|url=http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?=A3541|work=news.usf.edu|publisher=University of South Florida|accessdate=31 July 2013}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web|title=USF AMA|url=http://www.usfama.com/|work=http://www.usfama.com/|publisher=USF American Marketing Association|accessdate=4 February 2014}}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web|title=Student Green Energy Fund|url=http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/green-energy-fund/|work=USF Office of Sustainability|publisher=USF Office of Sustainability|accessdate=22 July 2013}} *{{cite web|title=Student Affairs Departments|url=http://www.sa.usf.edu/Departments/index.htm|work=sa.usf.edu|publisher=USF Student Affairs|accessdate=23 July 2013|archivedate=2013-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719181753/http://www.sa.usf.edu/Departments/index.htm}} *{{cite web|title=Rocky and the Bulls|url=http://usfalumni.org/s/861/internal.aspx?sid=861&gid=1&pgid=293|work=USF Alumni|publisher=USF Alumni Association|accessdate=20 June 2013|archivedate=2013-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030205211/http://usfalumni.org/s/861/internal.aspx?sid=861&gid=1&pgid=293}} *{{cite web|title=Greek Village |url=http://www.housing.usf.edu/options/greek/|work=Housing Options|publisher=USF Housing &amp; Residential Education|accessdate=22 July 2013}} *{{cite web|title=Francis Borkowski oral history interview|url=http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=usfhistinfo_oh|work=USF Scholar Commons|publisher=USF Library|accessdate=20 June 2013|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418140816/https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=usfhistinfo_oh}} *{{cite web|title=Career Services Homepage |url=http://www.usf.edu/career-services/|work=www.usf.edu/career-services/|publisher=USF Career Services|accessdate=4 February 2014}} *{{cite web|title=Academics Overview |url=http://www.usf.edu/academics/index.aspx |work=usf.edu |publisher=University of South Florida|accessdate=20 June 2013}} *{{cite web|last=Louk|first=Jim|title=Goodbye from an old friend|url=http://www.gousfbulls.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=7700&ATCLID=205122694|work=gousfbulls.com|publisher=USF Athletics|accessdate=1 August 2013|archivedate=2017-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630165806/http://www.gousfbulls.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=7700&ATCLID=205122694}} *{{cite web|title=USF Sarasota-Manatee Quick Facts|url=http://www.usfsm.edu/ir/quickfacts/quick_facts.php|work=sarasota.usf.edu|publisher=University of South Florida|accessdate=26 June 2013|archivedate=2013-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510185748/http://www.usfsm.edu/ir/quickfacts/quick_facts.php}} *{{cite web|title=Food/Dining|url=http://msc.usf.edu/food.php|work=msc.usf.edu|publisher=USF Marshall Student Center|accessdate=30 July 2013|archivedate=2013-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405170831/http://msc.usf.edu/food.php}} *{{cite web |title=Five Building Name Changes|url=http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?z=0&amp;=A4162 |work=usf.edu|publisher=University of South Florida|accessdate=20 June 2013}} *{{cite news|last=Danielson|first=Richard|title=Betty Castor leaves top job at Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions at USF|url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/education/college/betty-castor-leaves-top-job-at-dr-kiran-c-patel-center-for-global/1014748|accessdate=2 August 2013|newspaper=Tampa Bay Times|date=30 June 2009|archive-date=2014-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301030352/http://www.tampabay.com/news/education/college/betty-castor-leaves-top-job-at-dr-kiran-c-patel-center-for-global/1014748|dead-url=yes|archivedate=2014-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301030352/http://www.tampabay.com/news/education/college/betty-castor-leaves-top-job-at-dr-kiran-c-patel-center-for-global/1014748}} [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:University of South Florida|University of South Florida]] s9ac1m2xslowg828emzqgj9mnm94d5e 0 57813 1590589 1532873 2026-07-14T14:03:52Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = کالیفورنیا، ریورساید بیلیم‌یوردو | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = 150 | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = [[Fiat lux]] ([[Latin]]) | motto_lang = [[Let there be light]] | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = [[Land-grant college|Land-grant]] | established =1907 | closed = | founder = | parent = [[University of California]] | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = [[Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities|APLU]] | endowment = $129.2 million (2016) | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = 18,000 | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[ریورساید]] و [[پام دزرت، کالیفرنیا]] | state = | province = | country =[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]] | postcode = | coordinates = | campus =شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = Scotty Highlander | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = {{url|www.ucr.edu}} | logo =University of California, Riverside logo.svg | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''کالیفورنیا، ریورساید بیلیم‌یوردو''' ({{lang-en| University of California, Riverside}}, {{lang-fa|دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، ریورساید}}، {{lang-ar|جامعة كاليفورنيا (ريفرسايد)}})[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]نین [[ریورساید]] و [[پام دزرت، کالیفرنیا]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:UCR Belltower night.jpg|<!--UCR Bell Tower at nightAfter the drop in enrollment and subsequent restructuring of academic programs in the 1970s, little capacity construction was undertaken over the next two decades. However, enrollment growth in the late 1980s justified considerable further campus expansion over the 1990s. Major additions built in the period include: UC Riverside Marlan and Rosemary Bourns College of Engineering|Bourns Hall, completed in 1995; the Humanities & Social Science building, completed in 1996; and the Science Library, completed in 1998. The Pentland and Stonehaven residence halls were completed in 2000, and the Arts building was completed in 2001.&lt;ref name="LongRangePlan2005" /&gt; Active construction projects include new buildings for Engineering and Materials Science, Psychology Research, and Genomics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title= Building for the Future | publisher= University of California, Riverside, Office of Design and Construction | url= http://pdc.ucr.edu/pdf_files/Construction_Progress.pdf | format= PDF | accessdate= 2008-01-05 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080627154733/http://pdc.ucr.edu/pdf_files/Construction_Progress.pdf | archivedate= 2008-06-27 }}&lt;#;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last= Forgey | first= Mary | title= UC Riverside Plays 'Catch-Up' | journal= California Construction | date= May 2004 | url= http://california.construction.com/features/archive/0405_Feature11.asp | accessdate= 2007-08-22 | archive-date= 2004-06-20 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040620194350/http://california.construction.com/features/archive/0405_Feature11.asp | url-status= dead }}&lt;#; The first phase of a new Commons was completed in 2007, and phase II is in development. Other ongoing projects include a new CHASS Instructional and Research Center and Students Academic Support Services Building.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Commons | url=http://www.commons.ucr.edu/default.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205054720/http://www.commons.ucr.edu/default.htm | dead-url=yes | archive-date=1998-12-05 | publisher=University of California, Riverside | accessdate=2007-10-10 | archivedate=1998-12-05 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205054720/http://www.commons.ucr.edu/default.htm }}&lt;#; Since 1999, more than $730&amp;nbsp;million has been invested in construction projects.&lt;ref name="UCRFacts2007" /&gt; File:UC Riverside Highlanders (old) logo.svg|UCR Athletics primary logo launched in 2012. </gallery> == مزون‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =University of California, Riverside | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکا بیلیم یوردلاری}} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *http://www.iehillel.org/ *{{cite web |url=http://sara.ucr.edu/main_menu.html?id=profile |title=Student Profiles |publisher=University of California, Riverside – Strategic Academic Research and Analysis |date=October 2014 |accessdate=2018-02-18 |archivedate=2014-10-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030124155/http://sara.ucr.edu/main_menu.html?id=profile }} *{{cite web|title=University of California--Riverside - U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings|publisher=''U.S. News &amp; World Report''|accessdate=6 June 2017|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/university-of-california-riverside-110671/overall-rankings}} *{{cite web|title=University of California--Riverside - U.S. News Best Global University Rankings|publisher=''U.S. News &amp; World Report''|accessdate=8 July 2017|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-california-riverside-110671/overall-rankings}} *{{cite web | title= University of California, Riverside, campus life | url= http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drlife_1316_brief.php | work= [[US News and World Report]] | accessdate= 2007-08-22}} *{{cite news|last=Regus |first=Elaine |title=UC Riverside taking final steps in planning medical school |work=[[Press-Enterprise (California)|The Press Enterprise]] |date=2007-10-29 |url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_D_medskl23.368812d.html |accessdate=2007-10-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213202355/http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_D_medskl23.368812d.html |archivedate=February 13, 2009 }} *{{cite news | title = Diversity in the affirmative, Some point to UCR as an example of why race-based policies are not necessary. | last = Knott Ahern | first = Louise | work = [[Press-Enterprise (California)|Press Enterprise]] | date = 2003-05-05 | url = http://www.inthenews.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/display.cgi?id=3472 | accessdate = 2007-08-21 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite journal | last=Lovekin | first=Kris | title=Enjoying Our Past | journal=Fiat Lux | volume=14 | issue=2 | pages=14–17 | publisher=University of California, Riverside | date=February 2004 | url=http://www.fiatlux.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/display.cgi?id=583 | accessdate=2007-08-22 | archive-date=2009-02-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213184533/http://www.fiatlux.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/display.cgi?id=583 | url-status=dead }} [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:University of California, Riverside|University of California, Riverside]] 9ei8hq6mwxky1qvggf8xy6vtub2nbpu 0 58019 1590655 1447795 2026-07-15T07:46:35Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = برندایس بیلیم‌یوردو | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Brandeis University seal.svg | image_size = 150px | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = אמת ("{{transl|sem|Emet}}", [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]) | motto_lang = Truth even unto its innermost parts | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = [[اؤزل بیلیم‌یوردو|اؤزل]] | established =17826 | closed = | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = $866.8 million (2016) | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = [[Ronald D. Liebowitz]] | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[والتهام، ماساچوست]] | state = | province = | country =[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]] | postcode = | coordinates = | campus =شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division III (NCAA)|Division III]] | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = Ollie the Owl (named for Justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.]]) | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = {{URL|http://www.brandeis.edu/}} | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''برندایس بیلیم‌یوردو''' ({{lang-en| Brandeis University}}, {{lang-fa|دانشگاه برندایس}}، {{lang-ar|جامعة برانديز}})[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]نین [[والتهام، ماساچوست]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. خوصوصی و [[اؤزل بیلیم‌یوردو|اؤزل]] اؤیره‌تیم قۇرومودیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:MiddlsexUniversityMASeal.png|<!--Seal of the former Middlesex University (Massachusetts)|Middlesex University File:Brandeis-Usen Castle.jpg|<!--Usen Castle, a building on campus|left File:ChapelPond.jpg|<!--Chapels Pond File:Brandeis University Admissions Night.jpg|<!-- Brandeis's admissions building at night. File:Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham MA.jpg|<!--The Volen Center for Complex Systems. File:Brandeis University aerial 2.jpg|<!--Aerial view of campus in Waltham, MA File:ShapiroCC.jpg|<!--Brandeis University Shapiro Campus Center. File:Carl J Shapiro Science Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA.jpg|<!-- Carl J Shapiro Science Center. File:Brandeis Ollie.jpg|<!--Ollie the Owl, Additional Spirit Mark File:Brandeis University Admissions Bldg.jpg|<!--Undergraduate Admissions Center. File:Brandeis University Shapiro Campus Center.jpg|<!--Shapiro Campus Center. </gallery> == مزون‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Brandeis University | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{آمریکا بیلیم یوردلاری}} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *National Science Foundation MRSEC, <nowiki>http://www.mrsec.org/mrsec-program-overview</nowiki> *http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2017-Endowment-Market-Values-2.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226033316/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2017-Endowment-Market-Values-2.pdf |date=2018-12-26 }} *http://www.brandeis.edu/about/facts/rankings.html| title=Rankings:Fast Facts| publisher=| accessdate=4 May 2009}} *Howard Hughes Medical *Howard Hughes Medical *Broadening Access to Science: Science Posse, <nowiki>http://www.hhmi.org/research/broadening-access-science-science-posse</nowiki> *{{cite web|title=Division III Women's National Rankings Administered by the ITA|url=http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings/Division_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm|website=www.itatennis.com|accessdate=25 June 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420024104/http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings/Division_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm|archivedate=20 April 2014|df=}} *{{cite news |title= Liberal University to Be Set Up by Jewish Body |work= The Baltimore Afro-American |date= August 31, 1946 |page= 10 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/531588568/8006BFDC989D4D64PQ/38?accountid=46320 }} *{{cite news |title= Einstein Gives Up Support of New College |agency= Associated Press |publisher= The Baltimore Sun |date= June 22, 1947 |page= A2 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/542673850/8006BFDC989D4D64PQ/48?accountid=46320 }} *{{cite book | title = Great Moments in Jewish History | url = https://archive.org/details/greatmomentsinje00slat | first1 = Elinor | last1 = Slater |first2= Robert |last2= Slater | publisher = Jonathan David Company, Inc. | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-8246-0408-3 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/greatmomentsinje00slat/page/121 121]–123 }} [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:Brandeis University|Brandeis University]] 19opnvwspdc39novw0x8k8ieum9cqle 0 58155 1590752 1527168 2026-07-15T11:22:20Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = قرویین بیلیم‌یوردو | native_name = {{big|جامعه القرويين}} | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = 220px | image_alt = | caption = Interior of Al Quaraouiyine University | latin_name = | other_name = | former_name = | motto = | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = Madrasa and center of learning for non-vocational sciences (859 to 1963) | established =859 AD | closed = | founder = | parent = | affiliation = | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = | city = [[فاس]] | state = | province = | country =[[مراکش]] | postcode = | coordinates = | campus =شهرین حومه‌سی | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = http://www.alquaraouiyine.com | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = }} '''قرویین بیلیم‌یوردو''' ({{lang-en| University of Al Quaraouiyine}}, {{lang-fa|دانشگاه قرویین}}، {{lang-ar|جامعة القرويين}}) [[مراکش]]نین [[فاس]] شهرینده یئرلشن بیر عالی تحصیل موسّسه‌سی. بۇ [[بیلیم‌یوردو]] شهرین حومه‌سینده‌دیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:Al-Qarawiyyin University, Fes, Morocco - Var 132.jpg|<!--Courtyard Al Quaraouiyine University. File:University of Al Qaraouiyine.jpg|<!--Interior of Al Quaraouiyine University. File:Al-Karaouine University (Al-Qarawiyyin) in the city of Fes, Morocco (Image 8 of 9).jpg|<!--Karaouine Mosque and University. </gallery> == مزون‌لار == {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =University of Al Quaraouiyine | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} *Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): ''A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-521-54113-8}}, pp.&amp;nbsp;35–76 (35) *Norman Daniel: Review of "The Rise of Colleges. Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West by George Makdisi", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1984), pp.&nbsp;586–588 (587) *'Civilization: The West and the Rest'' by Niall Ferguson, Publisher: Allen Lane 2011 - {{ISBN|978-1-84614-273-4}} *{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |authorlink=John L. Esposito |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |origyear= |month= |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_j1d2|format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |date= |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= |language= |isbn=0-1951-2559-2 |oclc= |doi= |id= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_j1d2/page/328 328] }} [[بؤلمه:بیلیم‌یوردلار]] [[en:University of Al Quaraouiyine|University of Al Quaraouiyine]] ek99eh1mego8mhhgsm6lfdx7y38scuz 0 76692 1590628 1579141 2026-07-15T06:37:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox | verifiedrevid = 445843216 | Name = 1-Butyne | ImageFile = <math chem>\ce{H-C#C}{-} \ce{\overset{\displaystyle{H} \atop |}{\underset{| \atop \displaystyle{H}}C}}{-} \ce{\overset{\displaystyle{H} \atop |}{\underset{| \atop \displaystyle{H}}C}} \ce{-H}</math> | ImageSize = 180px | ImageName = Simplified skeletal formula | ImageFile1 = But-1-yne-2D-skeletal.svg | ImageSize1 = 140px | ImageName1 = Full displayed formula | ImageFile2 = 1-Butyne-3D-vdW.png | ImageSize2 = 160px | ImageName2 = Space-filling model | PIN = But-1-yne | OtherNames = Ethylacetylene<br/>Ethylethyne, UN 2452 |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{Chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 7558 | PubChem = 7846 | InChI = 1/C4H6/c1-3-4-2/h1H,4H2,2H3 | InChIKey = KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYAI | StdInChI_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C4H6/c1-3-4-2/h1H,4H2,2H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{Stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 107-00-6 | UNII_Ref = {{Fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = A6B47CPN6W | ChEBI_Ref = {{Ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 48087 | EC_number = 203-451-3 | UNNumber = 2452 | SMILES = C#CCC }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Properties_ref = <ref name="CRC"/> | Formula = C₄H₆ | MolarMass = 54.091 g/mol | Density = 0.6783 g cm⁻³<ref name="CRC">{{cite book |title= CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th Edition |url= https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_z7a4 |last= Lide |first= David R. |year= 2008 |publisher= [[CRC Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8493-0488-0 |pages=3–84}}</ref> | MeltingPtC = −125.7 | MeltingPt_ref = <ref name="CRC"/> | BoilingPtC = 8.08 | BoilingPt_ref = <ref name="CRC"/> }} |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}}{{GHS gas cylinder}} | GHSSignalWord = Danger | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|H220|280}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|P210|377|381|403}} }} }} '''اتیل‌استیلن''' ({{lang-en|1-Butyne}}، {{lang-ru|Бутин}}) بیر [[اورقانیک بیلشیک]]. [[اریمه نوْقطه|اریمه نوْقطه‌سی]] −125.7 C دیر. == بیرده باخ == {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو}} * [[شیمی]] * [[ترموشیمی]] * [[شیمی فیزیک]] * [[آنالیتیک شیمی]] * [[اورقانیک شیمی]] * [[بیوشیمی]] * [[الکتروشیمی]] * [[فارماکولوژی]] * [[پولیمر]] * [[بیولوژی]] * [[ژئوشیمی]] * [[فوتوشیمی]] {{نئچه سۇتون‌لو سوْنو}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =1-Butyne | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:شیمی]] bzwdt0dl0u672mlv95wwza3tjyyi5xb 0 100420 1590696 1562356 2026-07-15T09:14:33Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شخص بیلگی قوتوسو |آد=سیسیلی تایسون |شکیل=سیسیلی تایسون |شکیل آدی=Cicely Tyson 2012 Shankbone 2.JPG |شکلین اولچوسو =260 |آیری آدلار = |قیسا بیلگی =[[اوْیونچو]] |میللیت=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |تحصیل = |دوْغوم تاریخ ={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1924|12|19}} |دوْغوم یئر =[[نیویورک]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] |اؤلوم تاریخ = |اؤلوم یئر = |مزارلیقی= |اؤلوم سببی= |حیات یوْلداشی={{Marriage|[[Miles Davis]]|1981|1988|end=div}} |اۇشاقلاری= |ایمضا= | وب‌سایت = }} '''سیسیلی تایسون''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Cicely Tyson) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[اوْیونچو]] ۱۹ دسامبر ۱۹۲۴ ‏ میلادی تاریخینده [[نیویورک]] شهرینده دۆنیایا گؤز آچیب. ۱۹۵۱–گۆنوموز ایللر آراسیندا سینما ساحه‌سینده چالیشیب. == اوْینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! نوت |- |1956 |''[[Carib Gold]]'' |Dottie | |- |1958 |''[[Odds Against Tomorrow]]'' |Jazz Club bartender | |- |1959 |''{{sortname|The|Last Angry Man}}'' |Girl Left on Porch |(uncredited) |- |1966 |''[[A Man Called Adam (film)|A Man Called Adam]]'' |Claudia Ferguson | |- |1967 |''{{sortname|The|Comedians|dab=1967 film}}'' |Marie Therese | |- |1968 |''{{sortname|The|Heart Is a Lonely Hunter|dab=film}}'' |Portia | |- |1972 |''[[Sounder (film)|Sounder]]'' |Rebecca Morgan |Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress<br/>[[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress]]<br/>[[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress]]<br />Nominated — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]<br/>Nominated — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] |- |1976 |''{{sortname|The|Blue Bird|dab=1976 film}}'' |Tylette, The Cat | |- |1976 |''[[The River Niger (film)|The River Niger]]'' |Mattie Williams | |- |1978 |''{{sortname|A|Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich|dab=film}}'' |Sweets | |- |1978 |''[[A Woman Called Moses (film)|A Woman Called Moses]]'' |Harriet Tubman |Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Anthology Adapted |- |1979 |''{{sortname|The|Concorde ... Airport '79}}'' |Elaine | |- |1981 |''[[Bustin' Loose (film)|Bustin' Loose]]'' |Vivian Perry | |- |1991 |''[[Fried Green Tomatoes]]'' |Sipsey | |- |1997 |''[[Hoodlum (film)|Hoodlum]]'' |Stephanie St. Clair |Nominated — [[Acapulco Black Film Festival|Acapulco Black Film Festival Award for Best Actress]]<br />Nominated — [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture]] |- |2001 |''{{sortname|The|Double Dutch Divas!|nolink=y}}'' |Herself |(short subject) (uncredited) |- |2005 |''[[Because of Winn-Dixie (film)|Because of Winn-Dixie]]'' |Gloria Dump | |- |2005 |''[[Diary of a Mad Black Woman]]'' |Myrtle |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture]]<br />Nominated — BET Comedy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Theatrical Film<br/>Nominated — Black Movie Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role |- |2006 |''[[Madea's Family Reunion]]'' |Myrtle | |- |2006 |''Fat Rose and Squeaky'' |Celine | |- |2006 |''[[Idlewild (film)|Idlewild]]'' |Mother Hopkins | |- |2007 |''Rwanda Rising'' |Voice of Jeanette Nyirabagarwa |(documentary) |- |2009 |''Up from the Bottoms: The Search for the American Dream'' |Narrator |(documentary) |- |2010 |''[[Why Did I Get Married Too?]]'' |Ola | |- |2011 |''{{sortname|The|Help|dab=film}}'' |Constantine Jefferson |Black Film Critics Circle Award for Best Ensemble<br>[[Black Reel Award for Best Ensemble]]<br>[[Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast]]<br>[[Hollywood Film Festival|Hollywood Film Festival Award for Ensemble of the Year]]<br>[[National Board of Review Award for Best Cast]]<br>[[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture]]<br>[[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]]<br>Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Ensemble<br>[[Women Film Critics Circle|Women Film Critics Circle Award for Best Ensemble]]<br>Nominated — Central Ohio Film Critics Association for Best Ensemble <br>Nominated — [[Detroit Film Critics Society|Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Ensemble]]<br>Nominated — [[San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Performance by an Ensemble]]<br>Nominated — [[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Ensemble]] |- |2012 |''[[Alex Cross (film)|Alex Cross]]'' |Regina "Nana Mama" Cross | |- |2013 |''[[The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia]]'' |Mamma Kay | |- |2016 |''[[Showing Roots]]'' |Hattie | |- |2017 |''[[Last Flag Flying]]'' |Mrs. Hightower | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable"| نوت |- |1962 |''{{sortname|The|Nurses|The Nurses (CBS TV series)}}'' |Betty Ann Warner |Episode: "Frieda" |- |1963 |''[[To Tell the Truth]]'' |Decoy contestant |Episode: March 25, 1963 (decoy for [[Shirley Abicair]]) |- |1963 |''[[Naked City (TV series)|Naked City]]'' | |Episode: "Howard Running Bear Is a Turtle" |- |1963–64 |''[[East Side/West Side]]'' |Jane Foster |26 episodes |- |1965 |''[[Slattery's People]]'' |Sarah Brookman |Episode: "Question: Who You Taking to the Main Event, Eddie?" |- |1965–66 |''[[I Spy (1965 TV series)|I Spy]]'' |Princess Amara<br />Vickie Harmon |Episode: "So Long, Patrick Henry"<br />Episode: "Trial by Treehouse" |- |1966 |''[[Guiding Light]]'' |Martha Frazier | |- |1967 |''[[Cowboy in Africa]]'' |Julie Anderson |Episode: "Tomorrow on the Wind" |- |1967 |''[[Judd for the Defense]]'' |Lucille Evans |Episode: "Commitment" |- |1968–69 |''{{sortname|The|F.B.I.|link=The F.B.I. (TV series)}}'' |Julie Harmon<br />Lainey Harber |Episode: "The Enemies"<br />Episode: "Silent Partners" |- |1969 |''[[Medical Center (TV series)|Medical Center]]'' |Susan Wiley |Episode: "The Last 10 Yards" |- |1969 |''{{sortname|The|Courtship of Eddie's Father}}'' |Betty Kelly |Episode: "Guess Who's Coming for Lunch" |- |1970 |''[[Gunsmoke]]'' |Rachel Biggs |Episode: "The Scavengers" |- |1970 |''[[Mission: Impossible]]'' |Alma Ross |Episode: "Death Squad" |- |1970 |''{{sortname|The|Bill Cosby Show}}'' |Mildred Hermosa |Episode: "Blind Date" |- |1970 |''[[Here Come the Brides]]'' |Princess Lucenda |Episode: "A Bride for Obie Brown" |- |1971 |''[[Insight (TV series)|Insight]]'' | |Episode: "The Bird of the Mast" |- |1971 |''Marriage: ایل One'' |Emma Teasley |Unsold pilot |- |1971 |''Neighbors'' | | |- |1972 |''[[Emergency!]]'' |Mrs. Johnson |Episode: "Crash" |- |1972 |''Wednesday Night Out'' | | |- |1974 |''{{sortname|The|Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman}}'' |Jane Pittman |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]]<br />[[Emmy Award]] for Actress of the ایل – Special<br />Nominated — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]] |- |1974 |''[[Free to Be… You and Me]]'' |Herself | |- |1976 |''Just an Old Sweet Song'' |Priscilla Simmons | |- |1977 |''[[Roots (1977 miniseries)|Roots]]'' |Binta |Miniseries<br />Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]] |- |1977 |''Wilma'' |Blanche Rudolph | |- |1978 |''[[King (miniseries)|King]]'' |[[Coretta Scott King]] |Miniseries<br />Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]] |- |1978 |''{{sortname|A|Woman Called Moses}}'' |[[Harriet Tubman|Harriet Ross Tubman]] | |- |1979 |''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' |Herself (host) |Episode: "Cicely Tyson/[[Talking Heads]]" |- |1981 |''[[The Marva Collins Story]]'' |[[Marva Collins]] |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]]<br />Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]] |- |1982 |''Benny's Place'' |Odessa | |- |1985 |''Playing with Fire'' |Carol Phillips | |- |1986 |''Intimate Encounters'' |Dr. Claire Dalton | |- |1986 |''Acceptable Risks'' |Janet Framm | |- |1986 |''Samaritan: The Mitch Snyder Story'' |Muriel |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] |- |1989 |''{{sortname|The|Women of Brewster Place|dab=TV miniseries}}'' |Mrs. Browne | |- |1990 |''{{sortname|The|Kid Who Loved Christmas|}}'' |Etta | |- |1990 |''[[B.L. Stryker]]'' |Ruth Hastings |Episode: "Winner Takes All" |- |1990 |''[[Heat Wave (1990 film)|Heat Wave]]'' |Ruthana Richardson |[[CableACE Award]] for Actress in a Movie or Miniseries |- |1991 |''Clippers'' |Donna |Unsold pilot |- |1992 |''Duplicates'' |Dr. Randolph | |- |1992 |''When No One Would Listen'' |Sarah | |- |1993 |''House of Secrets'' |Evangeline | |- |1994 |''[[Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All]]'' |Castralia, Marsden Family House Slave/Maid |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]]<br />Nominated — [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series]]<br />Nominated — [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie]] |- |1994–95 |''Sweet Justice'' |Carrie Grace Battle |Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Drama Series]]<br />Nominated — [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series]] |- |1996 |''{{sortname|The|Road to Galveston|nolink=y}}'' |Jordan Roosevelt |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]]<br />Lone Star Film & Television Award for Best TV Actress<br />Nominated — [[CableACE Awards|CableACE Award for Actress in a Movie or Miniseries]]<br />Nominated — [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie]] |- |1997 |''Bridge of Time'' |Guardian | |- |1997 |''[[Riot (1997 film)|Riot]]'' |Maggie |Segment: "Homecoming Day"<br />Nominated — [[CableACE Award]] for Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries |- |1997 |''[[Ms. Scrooge]]'' |Ms. Ebenita Scrooge | |- |1997 |''The Price of Heaven (Blessed Assurance)'' |Vesta Lotte Battle | |- |1998 |''[[Always Outnumbered]]'' |Luvia | |- |1998 |''[[Mama Flora's Family]]'' |Mama Flora |[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] |- |1999 |''{{sortname|A|Lesson Before Dying}}'' |Tante Lou |[[Black Reel Award]] for Network/Cable – Best Supporting Actress<br />Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]]<br />Nominated — [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] |- |1999 |''[[Aftershock: Earthquake in New York]]'' |Emily Lincoln | |- |2000 |''[[Touched by an Angel]]'' |Abby |Episode: "Living the Rest of My Life" |- |2000 |''{{sortname|The|Outer Limits|dab=1995 TV series}}'' |Justice Gretchen Parkhurst |Episode: "Final Appeal" |- |2001 |''[[Jewel (film)|Jewel]]'' |Cathedral | |- | 2001 | ''[[The Proud Family]]'' | Mrs. Maureen Parker (voice) | Episode: Behind Family Lines |- |2002 |''{{sortname|The|Rosa Parks Story}}'' |Leona Edwards McCauley |[[Black Reel Award]] for Network/Cable – Best Supporting Actress |- |2005 |''[[Higglytown Heroes]]'' |Great Aunt Shirley Hero |Episode: "Wayne's 100 Special Somethings" |- |2009 |''Relative Stranger'' |Pearl |Nominated — [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]]<br />Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie]] |- |2009 |''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' |Ondine Burdett |Episode: "Hell" |- |2014 |''The Trip to Bountiful'' |Mrs. Carrie Watts |TV movie<br>[[Black Reel Award for Best Actress: T.V. Movie/Cable]]<br>[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]]<br>Online Film & Television Association Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture or Miniseries<br>Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie]] (executive producer)<br> Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie]]<br>Nominated — [[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries]]<br>Nominated — [[Satellite Award for Best Actress - Miniseries or Television Film|Satellite Award for Best Actress in a Miniseries or TV Film]]<br>Nominated — [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie]] |- |2015–present |''[[How to Get Away with Murder]]'' |Ophelia Harkness |6 episodes: "Mama's Here Now", "There's My Baby", "Anna Mae", "Go Cry Somewhere Else", "I'm Going Away", "Lahey v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania"<br>Nominated — [[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series]]<br>Nominated — [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series]] <small>(2015, 2017–18)</small><br>Nominated – [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series]] <small>(2016–17)</small> |- |2016 |''[[House of Cards (U.S. TV series)|House of Cards]]'' |Doris Jones |3 episodes |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! Theatre |- |1957 |''Dark of the Moon''<ref name='Shadow'>{{cite book|last1=Harrison|first1=Paul Carter|last2=Andrews|first2=Bert|title=In the Shadow of the Great White Way: Images from the Black Theatre|url=https://archive.org/details/inshadowofgreatw0000andr_h8d7|edition=First|year=1989|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|accessdate=February 17, 2015}}</ref> | |Little Theatre |- |1959 |''Jolly's Progress''<ref name='IBDB-Jolly'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=2803|title=Jolly's Progress|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> |Jolly (understudy) |[[Longacre Theatre]] |- |1960 |''{{sortname|The|Cool World|nolink=y}}''<ref name='IBDB-Cool'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=2097|title=The Cood World|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> |Girl |[[Eugene O'Neill Theatre]] |- |1961 |''{{sortname|The|Blacks: A Clown Show|nolink=y}}''<ref name='Shadow'/><ref name='IOBDB-Blacks'>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=2814|title=The Blacks: A Clown Show|publisher=Lortel Archives: The Internet off-Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002211702/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=2814|archivedate=2007-10-02|df=}}</ref> |Stephanie Virtue Diop |St. Mark's Playhouse |- |1962 |''Moon on a Rainbow Shawl''<ref name='Shadow'/> | |East 11th Street Theater |- |1962 |''Tiger, Tiger Burning Bright''<ref name='IBDB-Tiger'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=2973|title=Tiger, Tiger Burning Bright|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|location=United States|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> |Celeste Chipley<br/>Adelaide Smith (understudy) |[[Booth Theatre]] |- |1963 |''{{sortname|The|Blue Boy in Black|nolink=y}}''<ref name='Shadow'/><ref name='IOBDB-BBB'>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4277|title=The Blue Boy in Black|publisher=Lortel Archives: The Internet off-Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055701/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4277|archive-date=2007-09-22|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2007-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055701/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4277}}</ref> |Joan |Masque Theatre |- |1963 |''Trumpets of the Lord''<ref name='Shadow'/><ref name='IOBDB-Trumpets'>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4121|title=Trumpets of the Lord|publisher=Lortel Archives: The Internet off-Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321014431/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4121|archive-date=2012-03-21|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2012-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321014431/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4121}}</ref> |Rev. Marion Alexander |Astor Place Theatre |- |1966 |''{{sortname|A|Hand Is on the Gate|nolink=y}}''<ref name='IBDB-Hand'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3284|title=A Hand Is on the Gate|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> |Performer |[[Longacre Theatre]] |- |1968 |''Carry Me Back to Morningside Heights''<ref name='Shadow'/><ref name='IBDB-Morningside'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3126|title=Carry Me Back to Morningside Heights|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> |Myrna Jessup |[[John Golden Theatre]] |- |1969 |''To Be Young, Gifted and Black''<ref name='Shadow'/><ref name='IOBDB-TBYGAB'>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=3658|title=To Be Young, Gifted and Black|publisher=Lortel Archives: he Internet off-Broadway Database|location=New York, New York|accessdate=2009-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914194232/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=3658|archive-date=2007-09-14|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2007-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914194232/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=3658}}</ref> |Various |Cherry Lane Theatre |- |1969 |''Trumpets of the Lord''<ref name='IBDB-Trumpets'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=2865|title=Trumpets of the Lord|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|location=New York, New York|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> |Rev. Marion Alexander |[[Brooks Atkinson Theatre]] |- |1983 |''{{sortname|The|Corn Is Green|nolink=y}}''<ref name='IBDB-Corn'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=4232|title=The Corn Is Green|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref><ref name='ITDB-Corn'>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatredb.com/QShow.php?sid=s0992|title=The Corn Is Green|publisher=Internet Theatre Database|accessdate=2009-12-03|archivedate=2023-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328152611/http://theatredb.com/QShow.php?sid=s0992}}</ref> |Miss Moffat |[[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] |- |2013 |''{{sortname|The|Trip to Bountiful|The Trip to Bountiful (play)}}'' |Miss Carrie Watts |[[Stephen Sondheim Theatre]] |- |2015 |''[[The Gin Game]]'' |Fonsia Dorsey |[[John Golden Theater]] |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل |- |1979 |[[Sears Radio Theater]] |Host, Thursdays "Love and Hate Night" |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Award !Performance !Result |- ||[[45th Academy Awards|1973]] |[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[Sounder (film)|Sounder]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |2018 |[[Academy Honorary Award]] | - |{{Won}} |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Award !Performance !Result |- |[[30th Golden Globe Awards|1973]] |rowspan=2|[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[Sounder (film)|Sounder]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Award !Performance !Result |- ! colspan=4| Daytime Emmy Award |- |[[9th Daytime Emmy Awards|1982]] |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming|Outstanding Individual Achievement in Children's Programming – Performers]] |''The Human Body: Becoming a Woman'' |{{Nom}} |- ! colspan=4| Primetime Emmy Award |- |rowspan=2|[[26th Primetime Emmy Awards|1974]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Best Lead Actress in a Drama]] |rowspan=2|''[[The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (film)|The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman]]'' |{{Won}} |- |[[Primetime Super Emmy Award#Actress of the Year|Actress of the ایل – Special]] |{{Won}} |- |[[29th Primetime Emmy Awards|1977]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series|Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Drama Series]] |''[[Roots (1977 miniseries)|Roots]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[30th Primetime Emmy Awards|1978]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series]] |''King'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[34th Primetime Emmy Awards|1982]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or a Special]] |''[[Hallmark Hall of Fame]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[46th Primetime Emmy Awards|1994]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Special]] |''Oldest Confederate Living Confederate Widow Tells All'' |{{Won}} |- |[[47th Primetime Emmy Awards|1995]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series]] |''[[Sweet Justice]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[51st Primetime Emmy Awards|1999]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie]] |''A Lesson Before Dying'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[61st Primetime Emmy Awards|2009]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie]] |''Relative Stranger'' |{{Nom}} |- |rowspan=2|[[66th Primetime Emmy Awards|2014]] |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie]] |rowspan=2|''[[The Trip to Bountiful (play)#2014 television film|The Trip to Bountiful]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie|Outstanding Television Movie]] |{{Nom}} |- |[[67th Primetime Emmy Awards|2015]] |rowspan=3|[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series|Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series]] |rowspan=3|''[[How to Get Away with Murder]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |[[69th Primetime Emmy Awards|2017]] |{{Nom}} |- |[[70th Primetime Emmy Awards|2018]] |{{Nom}} |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Award !Performance !Result |- |[[67th Tony Awards|2013]] |[[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play|Best Actress in a Play]] |''[[The Trip to Bountiful (play)|The Trip to Bountiful]]'' |{{Won}} |- |} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Cicely Tyson|Cicely Tyson]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۱ دسامبر ۲۰۱۷ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Cicely Tyson | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی قادین اویونچولار]] 2ra9ycf4l6u87pm5ccyy9vcr58r4iby 0 101900 1590730 1552427 2026-07-15T10:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شخص بیلگی قوتوسو |آد=لاریسا اولینیک |شکیل=لاریسا اولینیک |شکیل آدی= |شکلین اولچوسو =260 |آیری آدلار = |قیسا بیلگی =[[اوْیونچو]] |میللیت=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |تحصیل = |دوْغوم تاریخ ={{birth date and age|1981|6|7}} |دوْغوم یئر =[[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]], [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]],[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |اؤلوم تاریخ = |اؤلوم یئر = |مزارلیقی= |اؤلوم سببی= |حیات یوْلداشی= |اۇشاقلاری= |ایمضا= | وب‌سایت = }} '''لاریسا اولینیک''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Larisa Oleynik) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[اوْیونچو]] ۷ ژوئن ۱۹۸۱ ‏ میلادی تاریخینده [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی]]نده دۆنیایا گؤز آچیب. == اوْینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت ! class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |1994 |''[[The Swan Princess]]'' |Pre-teen Odette |Voice role |align=center|<ref name=harris>{{cite book|title=Biography Today 1996 Annual Cumulation: Profiles of People of Interest to Young Readers|url=https://archive.org/details/biographytoday1900harr|year=1996|p=[https://archive.org/details/biographytoday1900harr/page/263 263]|last=Harris|first=Laurie Lanzen|publisher=Omnigraphics Incorporated|isbn=978-0-780-80070-0|location=Detroit, Michigan}}</ref> |- |1995 |''{{sortname|The|Baby-Sitters Club|The Baby-Sitters Club (film)}}'' |[[The Baby-Sitters Club#Dawn Read Schafer|Dawn Schafer]] | | align="center"| <ref name=tvg>{{cite web|work=[[TV Guide]]|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/larisa-oleynik/credits/161239/|title=Larisa Oleynik Credits|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707192722/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/larisa-oleynik/credits/161239/|archive-date=July 7, 2017}}</ref> |- |1998 |''The Swan Princess: Sing Along'' |Pre-teen Odette |Voice role; short فیلم | align=center|<ref>{{cite av media|title=The Swan Princess: Sing-Along|year=1998|medium=[[VHS]]|publisher=Nest Entertainment, Inc.|asin=B00063FXK8}}</ref> |- |1999 |''[[10 Things I Hate About You]]'' |Bianca Stratford | | align="center"| <ref name=tvg/> |- |2000 |''[[100 Girls]]'' |Wendy | | align="center"| <ref name=tvg/> |- |2001 |''{{sortname|An|American Rhapsody}}'' |Maria Sandor (age 18) | | align="center"| <ref name=tvg/> |- |2002 |''{{sortname|A|Time for Dancing}}'' |Jules Michaels | | align="center"|<ref name=amg>{{cite web|work=[[AllMovie]]|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/larisa-oleynik-p199203/filmography|title=Larisa Oleynik Filmography|access-date=January 30, 2019}}</ref> |- |2002 |''Speciale Casting'' |Jules Michaels |Archived; uncredited | align="center"| |- |2003 |''[[Bringing Rain]]'' |Ori Swords | | align="center"|<ref name=rain/> |- |2006 |''[[Pope Dreams]]'' |Maggie Venable | | align="center"|<ref name=amg/> |- |2007 |''Relative Obscurity'' |Claire | | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ohio.edu/outlook/05-06/May/474f-056.cfm|work=[[Ohio University|Ohio University Outlook]]|publisher=Ohio University|title=Out of "Relative Obscurity"|dead-url=yes|date=May 10, 2006|last=Martin|first=Anita|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614193126/http://www.ohio.edu/outlook/05-06/May/474f-056.cfm|archive-date=June 10, 2010|accessdate=2019-03-13|archivedate=2010-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614193126/http://www.ohio.edu/outlook/05-06/May/474f-056.cfm}}</ref> |- |2008 |''Broken Windows'' |Sara | | align="center"|<ref name=amg/> |- |2009 |''Together Again for the First Time'' |Brenda |Direct-to-video | align="center"|<ref name=amg/> |- |2009 |''I Have It'' |Emily |Short فیلم | align="center"| |- |2010 |''Winx Club 3D: Magical Adventure'' |Icy |Voice; English dub | align="center"| |- |2012 |''Born Yesterday'' |Elyse |Short فیلم | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|work=ITSA Film Festival|url=http://itsafilmfestival.com/the-secret-world-of-actress-larisa-oleynik/|title=The Secret World of Actress Larisa Oleynik|date=April 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007203612/http://itsafilmfestival.com/the-secret-world-of-actress-larisa-oleynik/|archive-date=October 7, 2018|accessdate=2019-03-13|archivedate=2018-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007203612/http://itsafilmfestival.com/the-secret-world-of-actress-larisa-oleynik/}}</ref> |- | 2012 |''[[Atlas Shrugged: Part II]]'' |Cherryl Brooks | | align="center"|<ref name=amg/> |- |2013 |''OJ: The Musical'' |Regina | | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/going-out-guide/wp/2014/06/20/watch-online-oj-the-musical-as-i-lay-dying-and-burning-bush/?utm_term=.755524cc65b7|title=Watch online: ‘OJ: The Musical,’ ‘As I Lay Dying’ and ‘Burning Bush’|date=June 20, 2014|author1=Merry, Stephanie|author2=O'Sullivan, Michael|author3=Hornaday, Ann|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190130004534/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/going-out-guide/wp/2014/06/20/watch-online-oj-the-musical-as-i-lay-dying-and-burning-bush/?utm_term=.755524cc65b7&noredirect=on|archive-date=2019-01-30|access-date=2019-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |''BFFs'' |Chloe | | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Riverfront Times]]|url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/bffs/Film?oid=2751173|title=BFFs|location=St. Louis, Missouri|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190130004713/https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/bffs/Film?oid=2751173|archive-date=2019-01-30|accessdate=2019-03-13|archivedate=2019-01-30|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190130004713/https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/bffs/Film?oid=2751173|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 |''{{sortname|The|Mamet Women|nolink=1}}'' |Polly |Short فیلم | align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Cleveland International Film Festival]]|url=https://www.clevelandfilm.org/films/2015/the-mamet-women|title=''The Mamet Women''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080155/http://www.clevelandfilm.org/films/2015/the-mamet-women|archive-date=September 6, 2015|accessdate=2019-03-13|archivedate=2015-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080155/http://www.clevelandfilm.org/films/2015/the-mamet-women}}</ref> |- | 2014 |''[[Jessabelle]]'' |Sam | | align="center"|<ref name=amg/> |- | 2014 |''Horrible Parents'' |Jill |Short فیلم | align="center"| |- |2017 |''Wandering Off'' |Amanda | | align="center"|<ref name=amg/> |- |2018 |''Accommodations'' |Natalie | | align="center"| <ref name=allocine>{{cite web|work=[[AlloCiné]]|url=http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-33220/filmographie/|title=Larisa Oleynik Filmographie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227011704/http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-33220/filmographie/|archive-date=December 27, 2017|language=fr}}</ref> |- | 2018 |''Animal Among Us'' |Anita Bishop | | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|work=[[AOL]]|url=https://www.aol.com/article/2016/02/24/alex-from-the-secret-world-of-alex-mack-is-all-grown-up-and-sh/21318042/|title=Alex from 'The Secret World of Alex Mack' is all grown up and she's absolutely gorgeous|last=Waslasky|first=Casey|date=February 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125225641/https://www.aol.com/article/2016/02/24/alex-from-the-secret-world-of-alex-mack-is-all-grown-up-and-sh/21318042/|archive-date=January 25, 2016}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Auggie'' |Hillary |Completed | align="center"| |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت |- |rowspan=2|1993 |''[[Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman]]'' |Susie |Episode: "Heroes" |- |''River of Rage: The Taking of Maggie Keene'' |Gail Keene |TV Movie |- |1994–1998 |''{{sortname|The|Secret World of Alex Mack}}'' |Alex Mack / Barbara Mack |Lead روْل (78 episodes); played Barbara Mack in the episode "The Switch" |- |1995 |''[[All That]]'' |Alex Sax |Episode: "Larisa Oleynik/Da Brat"; sketch: "The Secret World of Alex Sax" |- |1996 |''{{sortname|The|Adventures of Pete & Pete}}'' |Nurse |Episode: "Dance Fever" |- |1996–1998 |''[[Boy Meets World]]'' |Dana Pruitt |3 episodes |- |1997 |''[[The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo]]'' |Gator World Employee |Episode: "The Alligator Mystery"; uncredited |- |1998–2000 |''[[3rd Rock from the Sun]]'' |[[List of 3rd Rock from the Sun characters#Alissa Strudwick|Alissa Strudwick]] |Recurring روْل (21 episodes) |- |2005 |''[[Malcolm in the Middle]]'' |Abby |Episode: "Army Buddy" |- |rowspan=2|2006 |''Katie Sullivan'' |Katie Sullivan |Lead Role; Pilot |- |''[[Pepper Dennis]]'' |Brianna |2 episodes |- |2008 |''[[Aliens in America]]'' |Zoe |Episode: "Community Theater" |- |rowspan=2|2009 |''[[Without a Trace]]'' |Liza Miller |Episode: "Voir Dire" |- |''[[Psych]]'' |Willow Gimbley |Episode: "Let's Get Hairy" |- |2010 |''[[Backyard Wedding]]'' |Renee |TV Movie |- |2010–2015 |''[[Mad Men]]'' |[[List of Mad Men characters#Cynthia Cosgrove|Cynthia Cosgrove]] |Recurring روْل (5 episodes) |- |2011–2012 |''Winx Club: Enchantix'' |Icy / Various |Voice روْل (28 episodes) |- |2011–2014 |''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' |Jenna Kaye |Recurring روْل (7 episodes) |- |rowspan=2|2012 |''[[Mike & Molly]]'' |Allison |Episode: "The Dress" |- |''[[Fairly Legal]]'' |Officer Glacki |Episode: "What They Seem" |- |2012–2013 |''Winx Club: Beyond Believix'' |Icy / Various |Voice روْل (24 episodes) |- |rowspan=2|2012–2014 |''[[Pretty Little Liars]]'' |Maggie Cutler |Recurring روْل (7 episodes) |- |''[[Winx Club]]'' |Icy / Various |Voice روْل (52 episodes) |- |rowspan=3|2013 |''[[Remember Sunday]]'' |Lauren |TV Movie |- |''[[Ghost Ghirls]]'' |Megan |Episode: "Will You Scary Me?" |- |''[[American Dad!]]'' | |Voice role; episode: "Steve and Snot's Test-Tubular Adventure" |- |rowspan=4|2014 |''[[Robot Chicken]]'' |Alex Mack / Cheetara / Classmate |Voice role; episode: "Rebel Appliance" |- |''Stolen from the Womb'' |Diane King |TV Movie |- |''[[Extant (TV series)|Extant]]'' |Phillips |Episode: "Ascension" |- |''{{sortname|The|Michaels|nolink=1}}'' |Katherine Bixby |rowspan=2|TV Movie |- |2015 |''Wish Upon a Christmas'' |Amelia |- |2016 |''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' |Lizzie Bauer |Episode: "Assaulting Reality" |- |2018– |''Half Life'' |Patty |Lead روْل (4 episodes) |- |2019 |''Trinkets'' |Shawn |Recurring روْل (2 episodes) |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت ! class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | 1989–1991 || ''[[Les Misérables (musical)|Les Misérables]]'' || [[Cosette|Young Cosette]] / Young Eponine || [[Les Misérables (musical)#US national tours|Second national touring production]] || align="center"|<ref name=lesmis/> |- |2014 |''Be a Good Little Widow'' |Melody |NoHo Arts Center | |- | 2016 || ''I Loved, I Lost, I Made Spaghetti'' || Giulia || [[Hangar Theatre]] || align=center|<ref name=hangar/> |- | 2017–2018 || ''[[Baghdaddy]]'' || Berry || [[St. Luke's Theatre]] || align=center|<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Playbill]]|title=Off-Broadway ''Baghdaddy'' Musical Will Release Cast Album Featuring ''SpongeBob SquarePants{{'}}'' Ethan Slater|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/off-broadway-baghdaddy-musical-will-release-cast-album-featuring-spongebob-squarepants-ethan-slater|author=Culwell-Block, Logan|date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190130010311/http://www.playbill.com/article/off-broadway-baghdaddy-musical-will-release-cast-album-featuring-spongebob-squarepants-ethan-slater|archive-date=2019-01-30|access-date=2019-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Larisa Oleynik|Larisa Oleynik]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۱ دسامبر ۲۰۱۷ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Larisa Oleynik | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی قادین اویونچولار]] 1ui89zqlf2ajuf2filvzrbxiwp68f3i 0 102143 1590642 872397 2026-07-15T07:13:22Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شخص بیلگی قوتوسو |آد=لوئیز فلچر |شکیل=لوئیز فلچر |شکیل آدی=Hugh O'Brian Louise Fletcher Wyatt Earp 1961 CROP.png |شکلین اولچوسو =260 |آیری آدلار = |قیسا بیلگی =[[اوْیونچو]] |میللیت=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |تحصیل = |دوْغوم تاریخ ={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1934|7|22}} |دوْغوم یئر =[[برمینقم، آلاباما]], آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری |اؤلوم تاریخ = |اؤلوم یئر = |مزارلیقی= |اؤلوم سببی= |حیات یوْلداشی=Jerry Bick (1960–1977; divorced) |اۇشاقلاری=2 sons |ایمضا= | وب‌سایت = }} '''لوئیز فلچر''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Louise Fletcher) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[اوْیونچو]] ۱۹۵۸–گۆنوموز ایللر آراسیندا سینما ساحه‌سینده چالیشیب. == اوْینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !! آدی !! روْل !! نوت |- | 1963 | ''[[A Gathering of Eagles]]'' | Mrs. Kemler | Uncredited |- | 1974 | ''[[Thieves Like Us (film)|Thieves Like Us]]'' | Mattie | |- | 1975 | ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' | [[Nurse Ratched]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]<br>[[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br>[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]]<br>Nominated—[[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress]] |- | 1975 | ''[[Russian Roulette (film)|''Russian Roulette'']]'' | Midge | |- | 1977 | ''[[Exorcist II: The Heretic]]'' | Dr. Gene Tuskin | |- | 1978 | ''[[The Cheap Detective]]'' | Marlene DuChard | |- | 1979 | ''[[Natural Enemies]]'' | Miriam Steward | |- | 1979 | ''[[The Magician of Lublin (film)|The Magician of Lublin]]'' | Emilia | |- | 1979 | ''[[The Lady in Red (1979 film)|The Lady in Red]]'' | Anna Sage | |- | 1980 | ''[[Mama Dracula]]'' | Mama Dracula | |- | 1980 | ''[[The Lucky Star (film)|The Lucky Star]]'' | Loes Bakker | |- | 1981 | ''[[Strange Behavior]]'' | Barbara Moorehead | |- | 1983 | ''[[Brainstorm (1983 film)|Brainstorm]]'' | Dr. Lillian Reynolds | [[Saturn Award for Best Actress]] |- | 1983 | ''[[Strange Invaders]]'' | Mrs. Benjamin | |- | 1983 | ''Overnight Sensation'' | Eve Peregrine – "E. K. Hamilton" | |- | 1984 | ''[[Firestarter (film)|Firestarter]]'' | Norma Manders | |- | 1984 | ''[[Talk to Me (1984 film)|Talk to Me]]'' | Mrs. Patterson | |- | 1984 | ''[[Once Upon a Time in America]]'' | Riverdale Cemetery فیلم یؤنتمنی | Uncredited<br>Appears only in the 2012 Extended Director's Cut |- | 1986 | ''[[Nobody's Fool (1986 film)|Nobody's Fool]]'' | Pearl | |- | 1986 | ''[[The Boy Who Could Fly]]'' | Psychiatrist | |- | 1986 | ''[[Invaders from Mars (1986 film)|Invaders from Mars]]'' | Mrs. McKeltch | Nominated—[[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress]] |- | 1987 | ''[[Flowers in the Attic (film)|Flowers in the Attic]]'' | Olivia Foxworth | Nominated—[[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress]] |- | 1987 | ''[[Grizzly II: The Predator]]'' | Park Supervisor | |- | 1988 | ''[[Two Moon Junction]]'' | Belle Delongpre | |- | 1989 | ''[[Best of the Best (1989 film)|Best of the Best]]'' | Mrs. Grady | |- | 1989 | ''[[The Karen Carpenter Story]]'' | Agnes Carpenter | |- | 1990 | ''[[Blue Steel (1990 film)|Blue Steel]]'' | Shirley Turner | |- | 1990 | ''[[Shadowzone (film)|Shadowzone]]'' | Dr. Erhardt | |- | 1991 | ''In A Child's Name'' | Jean Taylor | |- | 1992 | ''[[The Player (film)|The Player]]'' | Herself | |- | 1994 | ''[[Giorgino]]'' | Innkeeper | |- | 1994 | ''Tryst'' | Maggie | |- | 1994 | ''Tollbooth'' | Lillian | |- | 1994 | ''Someone Else's Child'' | Faye | |- | 1995 | ''[[Return to Two Moon Junction]]'' | Belle Delongpre | |- | 1995 | ''[[Virtuosity]]'' | Elizabeth Deane | |- | 1996 | ''[[The Stepford Husbands]]'' | Miriam Benton | |- | 1996 | ''[[Edie & Pen]]'' | Judge | |- | 1996 | ''[[Mulholland Falls]]'' | Esther | Uncredited |- | 1996 | ''Frankenstein and Me'' | Mrs. Perdue | |- | 1996 | ''[[High School High]]'' | Principal Evelyn Doyle | |- | 1996 | ''[[2 Days in the Valley]]'' | Evelyn | |- | 1997 | ''[[Breast Men]]'' | Mrs. Saunders | Television movie<br>Nominated—[[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film]] |- | 1997 | ''The Girl Gets Moe'' | Gloria | |- | 1997 | ''[[Gone Fishin' (film)|Gone Fishin']]'' | Restaurant Owner | Uncredited |- | 1998 | ''[[Love Kills (film)|Love Kills]]'' | Alena Heiss | |- | 1999 | ''[[A Map of the World (film)|A Map of the World]]'' | Nellie Goodwin | |- | 1999 | ''[[Cruel Intentions]]'' | Helen Rosemond | |- |1999 |''[[The Devil's Arithmetic (film)|The Devil's Arithmetic]]'' | Aunt Eva | |- | 1999 | ''The Contract'' | Grandma Collins | |- | 1999 | ''[[Time Served]]'' | Warden Mildred Reinecke<ref>{{cite book |first1=Mick |last1=Martin |first2=Marsha |last2=Porter |title=The Video Movie Guide 2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/videomovieguide20000mick_d2c9 |year=2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/videomovieguide20000mick_d2c9/page/1132 1132] |isbn=9780345421005}}</ref> | |- | 2000 | ''More Dogs Than Bones'' | Iva Doll | |- | 2000 | ''[[Very Mean Men]]'' | Katherine Mulroney | |- | 2000 | ''[[Big Eden]]'' | Grace Cornwell | |- | 2000 | ''Silver Man'' | Val | |- | 2001 | ''After Image'' | Aunt Cora | |- | 2001 | ''Touched by a Killer'' | Judge Erica Robertson | |- | 2001 | ''Dial 9 for Love'' | Abbie | |- | 2002 | ''[[Manna from Heaven (film)|Manna from Heaven]]'' | Mother Superior | |- | 2003 | ''[[Finding Home]]'' | Esther | |- | 2004 | ''Clipping Adam'' | Grammy | |- | 2005 | ''[[Aurora Borealis (film)|Aurora Borealis]]'' | Ruth Shorter | |- | 2005 | ''Dancing in Twilight'' | Evelyn | |- | 2006 | ''Fat Rose and Squeaky'' | Bonnie | |- | 2006 | ''Me and Luke'' | Grandmother Glennie | |- | 2007 | ''[[A Dennis the Menace Christmas]]'' | Martha Wilson | |- | 2007 | ''[[The Last Sin Eater (film)|The Last Sin Eater]]'' | Miz Elda | |- | 2011 | ''[[Cassadaga (film)|Cassadaga]]'' | Claire | |- | 2013 | ''[[A Perfect Man (2013 film)|A Perfect Man]]'' | Abbie | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |-1959 Lawman "The Encounter" Betty Horgan, Sister of outlaw ! ایل !! آدی !! روْل !! نوت |- | 1958 | ''[[Playhouse 90]]'' | Pete's Girl | Episode: "Seven Against the Wall" |- | 1958 | ''[[Bat Masterson (TV series)|Bat Masterson]]'' | Sarah Lou Conant | Episode: "Cheyenne Club" |- | 1958 | ''[[Yancy Derringer]]'' | Miss Nellie and Miss Alithia | Episode: "Old Dixie" |- | 1959 | ''[[Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond]]'' | Jeannie | Episode: "The Open Window" |- | 1959 | ''[[Maverick (TV series)|Maverick]]'' | Kathy Bent | Episode: "The Saga of Waco Williams" |- |1959 | ''[[Wagon Train]]'' | Martha English | Episode: "The Andrew Hale Story" |- |1960 |''[[Perry Mason (TV series)|Perry Mason]]'' |Gladys Doyle |Episode: "The Case of the Mythical Monkeys" |- |1960 |''[[Perry Mason (TV series)|Perry Mason]]'' |Susan Connolly |Episode: "The Case of the Larcenous Lady" |- | 1961 | ''[[The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp]]'' | Aithra McLowery | Episode: "The Law Must Be Fair" |- | 1990 | ''[[In the Heat of the Night (TV series)|In the Heat of the Night]]'' | Catherine Tyler | Episode: "December Days" |- | 1991 | ''[[Tales from the Crypt (TV series)|Tales from the Crypt]]'' | Agent | Episode: "Top Billing" |- | 1993–1999 | ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'' | [[Winn Adami]] | 14 episodes |- | 1995–1997 | ''[[VR.5]]'' | Mrs. Nora Bloom | 6 episodes |- | 1996 | ''[[Picket Fences]]'' | Christine Bey | 2 episodes<br>Nominated—[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series]] |- | 1998 | ''[[The Practice]]'' | Judge N. Swanson | Episode: "Rhyme and Reason" |- | 2004 | ''[[Joan of Arcadia]]'' | Eva Garrison | Episode: "Do the Math"<br>Nominated—[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series]] |- | 2004 | ''[[Wonderfalls]]'' | Vivian Caldwell | Episode: "Barrel Bear" |- | 2005 | ''[[7th Heaven (TV series)|7th Heaven]]'' | Mrs. Wagner | Episode: "Honor Thy Mother" |- | 2005 | ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' | Roberta "Birdie" Chadwick | 3 episodes |- | 2009 | ''[[Heroes (U.S. TV series)|Heroes]]'' | Doctor Coolidge | 2 episodes |- | 2010–2011 | ''[[Private Practice (TV series)|Private Practice]]'' | Frances Wilder | 2 episodes |- | 2011–2012 | ''[[Shameless (U.S. TV series)|Shameless]]'' | Peggy Gallagher | 4 episodes |- |2017 |''[[Girlboss]]'' | Rosie | 2 episodes |- |} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Louise Fletcher|Louise Fletcher]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۱ دسامبر ۲۰۱۷ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Louise Fletcher | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{ان یاخشی قادین اویونچو آکادمیک جایزه‌سی}} {{بفتا ان یاخشی قادین اویونچو جایزه‌سی‏}} == گؤرونتولر == <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="320"> File:James_Garner_Louise_Fletcher_Maverick_1959.JPG </gallery> [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی قادین اویونچولار]] l3w5kmzwws8ms8xb9nhb56xekl16kse 0 105423 1590617 1590217 2026-07-15T06:27:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox cryptocurrency | currency_name = بیتکوین | image_1 = Bitcoin logo.svg | image_2 = | image_title_1 = بیتکوینون عمومی لوقوسی | alt1 = بیتکوینون عمومی لوقوسی | precision = ۱۰^−۸ | subunit_ratio_1 = {{تقسیم|۱۰۰۰}} | subunit_name_1 = میلی‌بیتکوین | subunit_ratio_2 = {{تقسیم|{{val|100000000}}}} | subunit_name_2 = {{Lang|ja-Latn|satoshi|italic=no}}<ref name="satoshi unit">{{Cite web |last=Mick |first=Jason |date=12 June 2011 |title=Cracking the Bitcoin: Digging Into a $131M USD Virtual Currency |url=http://www.dailytech.com/Cracking+the+Bitcoin+Digging+Into+a+131M+USD+Virtual+Currency/article21878.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130120051306/http://www.dailytech.com/Cracking+the+Bitcoin+Digging+Into+a+131M+USD+Virtual+Currency/article21878.htm |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=30 September 2012 |publisher=Daily Tech |accessdate=2021-04-12 |archivedate=2013-01-20 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130120051306/http://www.dailytech.com/Cracking+the+Bitcoin+Digging+Into+a+131M+USD+Virtual+Currency/article21878.htm }}</ref> | plural = بیتکوینلار | symbol = ₿ (Unicode: {{unichar|20BF|BITCOIN SIGN|html=}}){{efn|group=infobox|The symbol was encoded in [[Unicode]] version 10.0 at position {{unichar|20BF|BITCOIN SIGN}} in the [[Currency Symbols (Unicode block)|Currency Symbols block]] in June 2017.<ref name="unicode-10">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2017 |title=Unicode 10.0.0 |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620130342/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=20 June 2017 |publisher=Unicode Consortium}}</ref>}} | ticker_symbol = BTC, XBT{{Efn|group=infobox|Compatible with ISO 4217.}} | implementations = Bitcoin Core | initial_release_version = 0.1.0 | initial_release_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|1|9|p=y}} | code_repository = https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin | status = Active | latest_release_version = 0.21.0 | latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2021|1|15|p=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Releases - bitcoin/bitcoin |url=https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/releases |access-date=15 January 2021 |via=[[قیت‌هاب]]}}</ref> | forked_from = | programming_languages = | operating_system = | author = {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[ساتوشی ناکاموتو]]|italic=no}} | developer = | white_paper = [https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"]<ref name="paper">{{Cite web |last=Nakamoto |first=Satoshi |date=31 October 2008 |title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System |url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320135003/https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2014 |access-date=28 April 2014 |publisher=bitcoin.org}}</ref> | source_model = | license = | website = {{URL|https://bitcoin.org}} | block_explorer = {{URL|https://www.blockchain.com/explorer}} | ledger_start = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|1|3|p=y}} | hash_function = [[SHA-256]] | circulating_supply = ₿۱۸٬۶۶۰٬۰۰۰ ({{As of|2021|03|20|lc=y}}) | supply_limit = ₿۲۱٬۰۰۰٬۰۰۰<ref>{{cite web |last=Nakamoto |display-authors=et al |date=1 April 2016 |title=Bitcoin source code - amount constraints |url=https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/08a7316c144f9f2516db8fa62400893f4358c5ae/src/amount.h |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701112835/https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/08a7316c144f9f2516db8fa62400893f4358c5ae/src/amount.h |archive-date=1 July 2018}}</ref>{{Efn|The supply will approach, but never reach, ₿21 million. Issuance will permanently halt {{Circa}} 2140 at ₿20,999,999.9769.<ref name="Antonopoulos2014">{{Cite book |last=Antonopoulos, Andreas M. |title=Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Crypto-Currencies |url=https://archive.org/details/masteringbitcoin0000anto |date=April 2014 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |isbn=978-1-4493-7404-4 |author-link=Andreas Antonopoulos}}</ref>{{RP|ch. 8}}}} | timestamping = [[Proof-of-work system|Proof-of-work]] (partial hash inversion) | issuance_schedule = Decentralized (block reward)<br />Initially ₿50 per block, halved every 210,000 blocks<ref name="JSC">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2013 |title=Statement of Jennifer Shasky Calvery, Director Financial Crimes Enforcement Network United States Department of the Treasury Before the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance Subcommittee on Economic Policy |url=https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/20131118.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009183700/https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/20131118.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2016 |access-date=1 June 2014 |website=fincen.gov |publisher=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network}}</ref> | block_time = 10 minutes | block_reward = ₿6.25{{Efn|group=infobox|May 2020 to approximately 2024, halved approximately every four years}} | exchange_rate = | market_cap = | footnotes = {{Notelist|group=infobox}} }} {{Contains special characters}} [[فایل:Bitcoin logo.svg|بندانگشتی|313x313پیکسل|بیتکوین لوقوسو]] '''بیتکوین''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|انگلیسجه]]: Bitcoin، قیساسی: BTC)<ref name=":0">[[:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin, English Wikipedia]]</ref>، دۆنیا میقیاسیندا ان‌تانینمیش بیر [[کریپتو]] (مجازی ارز و یا مجازی پول) دیر<ref name=":1">[https://arzdigital.com/coins/bitcoin/ بیت کوین، ارز دیجیتال]</ref> و ایلک مرکزلشدیریلممیش کریپتو دیر<ref>[[:fa:ارز_دیجیتال|ارز دیجیتال، ویکی‌پدیا فارسی]]</ref> کی ۲۰۰۸ و ۲۰۰۹ دا ''ساتوشی ناکاماتو'' لقبی اولان بیر شخصین توسطینن یاراندی و یاریلدی.<ref name=":0" /> بوگونه کیمی هئچ بیر دولت بیتکوینو رسمی پول تانیمیب.<ref name=":2">[[:fa:بیت‌کوین|بیت‌کوین، ویکی‌پدیا فارسی]]</ref> گئچمیش ایل‌لرده بیتکوینون ارزشی بیر دولاردان دا آزی دی آما الان هر بیتکوینین نچه مین دولار ارزشی وار.<ref>[https://asrmehr.ir قیمت بیت کوین، عصر مهر]</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">[https://www.tgju.org/profile/crypto-bitcoin قیمت بیت کوین، شبکه اطلاع رسانی طلا سکه و ارز]</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=بیت کوین چیست؟ |url=https://bit24.online/what-is-bitcoin/ |accessdate=2022-01-21 |archivedate=2022-01-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121200643/https://bit24.online/what-is-bitcoin/ }}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> بیتکوینو آیری کریپتولارا تای، واسیطه‌سیز و موداخیله‌سیز صورتده، [[اينترنت|اینترنت‌]]<nowiki/>ایله بیر باشادان باشقا بیر شخصه گؤندرمک اولار. بو یانی بیر-بیرینیزه بیتکوین گؤندرمک اۆچون، بانک حسابی، بانکلار و یا باشقا بیر واسیطه تشکیلاتا نیاز یوخدور. == ساخلاما یوللاری == [[فایل:Trezor - Hard Wallet- Cold Storage for Cryptocurrency.jpg|بندانگشتی|بیر نوع هاردوئیر والت]] بیتکوین اصطلاحا والت‌ده ساخلانار. بیتکوین ساخلاماق اوچون نچه نوع والت‌دن استیفاده ائله‌مک اولار: * هاردوئیر والت ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|انگلیسجه]]: Hardware Wallet، [[فارس دیلی|فارسجا]]: کیف پول سخت افزاری)؛ بو نوع والت ان‌امنیتدی بیتکوین ساخلاماق روشی دیر کی بیتکوین‌لارین کیلیدی بیر بالاجا دستگاه‌دا ساخلانیر. * سافتوئیر والت ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|انگلیسجه]]: Software Wallet، [[فارس دیلی|فارسجا]]: کیف پول نرم افزاری)؛ بو نوع والت‌ده بیتکوین‌لاری کیلیدی بیر گوشی یا کامپیوتر برنامه‌سینده ساخلانیر.<ref name=":3" /> * کاغاذ والت ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|انگلیسجه]]: Paper Wallet، [[فارس دیلی|فارسجا]]: کیف پول کاغذی)؛ بو روش ده بیتکوین‌لارین کیلیدی بیر کاغاذ اوستونده پرینت اولور.<ref name=":3" /> * [https://www.citex.academy/bitcoin-analysis/ تحلیل بیت کوین] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211100936/https://www.citex.academy/bitcoin-analysis/ |date=2022-12-11 }} [[فایل:Wallet Apps.png|بندانگشتی|اوچ تانینمیش سافتوئیر والت]] [[فایل:Bitcoin paper wallet generated at bitaddress.jpg|بندانگشتی|کاغاذ والت]] و... == قایناقلار == <references /> [[بؤلمه:بیتکوین]] [[بؤلمه:کریپتوکارنسیلر]] 1agyq4be0my564v6in4uwj6mmzf72t2 0 108574 1590606 871883 2026-07-15T03:59:48Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شخص بیلگی قوتوسو |آد=کینن تامسون |شکیل=کینن تامسون |شکیل آدی=Kenan Thompson 2012 (cropped).jpg |شکلین اولچوسو =260 |آیری آدلار = |قیسا بیلگی =[[کومدین]] و [[اوْیونچو]]. |میللیت=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |تحصیل = |دوْغوم تاریخ ={{birth date and age|1978|5|10}} |دوْغوم یئر =[[آتلانتا]], [[جورجیا ایالتی]], [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری]] |اؤلوم تاریخ = |اؤلوم یئر = |مزارلیقی= |اؤلوم سببی= |حیات یوْلداشی= {{marriage|Christina Evangeline|2011}} |اۇشاقلاری= |ایمضا= | وب‌سایت = }} '''کینن تامسون''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Kenan Thompson) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[کومدین]] و [[اوْیونچو]]. ۱۰ مئی ۱۹۷۸ ‏ ایلینده [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکادا]] دۆنیایا گؤز آچیب. 1993–گۆنوموز ایللر آراسیندا سینما ساحه‌سینده چالیشیب. == اوْینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! نوت |- | 1994 | ''[[D2: The Mighty Ducks]]'' | Russ Tyler | rowspan="12" | |- | 1995 | ''[[Heavyweights]]'' | Roy |- | 1996 | ''[[D3: The Mighty Ducks]]'' | Russ Tyler |- | 1997 | ''[[Good Burger]]'' | Dexter Reed |- | 2000 | ''[[The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle]]'' | Lewis |- | 2002 | ''[[Big Fat Liar]]'' | Party Guest |- | 2002 | ''[[The Master of Disguise]]'' | Guy on Computer |- | 2003 | ''[[Love Don't Cost a Thing (film)|Love Don't Cost a Thing]]'' | Walter Colley |- | 2003 | ''[[My Boss's Daughter]]'' | Hans |- | 2004 | ''[[Barbershop 2: Back in Business]]'' | Kenard |- | 2004 | ''[[Fat Albert (film)|Fat Albert]]'' | Fat Albert |- | 2006 | ''[[Snakes on a Plane]]'' | Troy |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | ''[[Space Chimps]]'' | Ringmaster | Voice |- | ''[[Wieners (film)|Wieners]]'' | Wyatt | rowspan="2" | |- | 2009 | ''[[Stan Helsing]]'' | Teddy |- | 2011 | ''[[The Smurfs (film)|The Smurfs]]'' | Greedy Smurf | Voice |- | 2012 | ''[[The Magic of Belle Isle]]'' | Henry | |- | 2013 | ''[[The Smurfs 2]]'' | Greedy Smurf | Voice |- | 2014 | ''[[They Came Together]]'' | Teddy | rowspan="2" | |- | 2014 | ''Opposite Sex'' | Mitch |- | 2016 |''[[Rock Dog]]'' | Riff | Voice |- | 2016 |''[[Brother Nature (film)|Brother Nature]]'' | Miesha | rowspan="2" | |- | 2017 | ''[[Going in Style (2017 film)|Going in Style]]'' | Keith |- | 2018 | ''[[The Grinch (film)|The Grinch]]'' | Bricklebaum | rowspan="2" | Voice |- | 2019 | ''[[Wonder Park]]'' | Gus |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت |- | 1994–99; 2002; 2005; 2019 | ''[[All That]]'' | Various Roles | Main role; Guest روْل (seasons 7, 10); executive producer (season 11) |- | 1996–98 | ''[[The Steve Harvey Show]]'' | Junior | 4 episodes |- | 1996–2000 | ''[[Kenan & Kel]]'' | Kenan Rockmore | Main role |- | 1997 | ''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)|Sister, Sister]]'' | Trevor | Episode: "Inherit the Twin" |- | 1998 | ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Sabrina's Choice" |- | 1999 | ''[[The Amanda Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "[[List of The Amanda Show episodes#ep1|Episode 1]]" |- | 1991 | ''[[Cousin Skeeter]]'' | Kenan Rockmore | Episodes: "Hoo, I'm Wild Wild West" (Parts 1 & 2) |- | 2000 | ''[[Two Heads Are Better Than None]]'' | Kenan Rockmore | ''[[Kenan & Kel]]'' TV movie |- | 2000 | ''[[The Parkers]]'' | Damon | Episode: "Trading Places" |- | 2001 | ''[[Felicity (TV series)|Felicity]]'' | DeForrest Ingram | 4 episodes |- | 2002 | ''[[Off Centre]]'' | MC French | 2 episodes |- | 2003 | ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' | Hamburger | Episode: "Food for Thought/Friends Forever" |- | 2003–present | ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' | Various roles | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music and Lyrics]] <small>(2018)</small><br>Nominated – [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music and Lyrics]] <small>(2017)</small><br>Nominated – [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] |- | 2005, 2018 | ''[[Wild 'N Out]]'' | Himself | Episodes: "Kenan Thompson"<br>"All That Takeover" |- | 2006 | ''[[Rugrats]]'' | [[Magic Mirror (Snow White)|Mirror]] | Episode: "Tales from the Crib: [[Snow White]]" |- | 2007 | ''[[Crank Yankers]]'' | Mark Thomas | Episode: "4.1" |- | 2008 | ''[[The Mighty B!]]'' | Rocky Rhodes | 3 episodes |- | 2009 | ''[[Psych (TV series)|Psych]]'' | Joon | Episode: "High Top Fade-Out" |- | 2009 | ''[[Sit Down, Shut Up (U.S. TV series)|Sit Down, Shut Up]]'' | Sue Sezno | 13 episodes |- | 2011 | ''[[iCarly]]'' |rowspan=2| Himself |rowspan=2| Crossover episode: "''[[iParty with Victorious]]''" |- | 2011 | ''[[Victorious]]'' |- | 2011 | ''[[The '90s Are All That]]'' | Host | |- | 2013 | ''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]'' | Stanley | Episode: "Stanley Saves The Day/Milo Goes For Gold"<ref>{{cite news|title=PBS KIDS Debuts New Episodes & Online Content from ARTHUR and MARTHA SPEAKS&nbsp;– BWWTVWorld|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/PBS-KIDS-Debuts-New-Episodes-Online-Content-from-ARTHUR-and-MARTHA-SPEAKS-20131022|accessdate=October 30, 2013|newspaper=Broadway World TV|date=October 22, 2013}}</ref> |- | 2013–15 | ''[[The Awesomes]]'' | Austin "Impresario" Sullivan | Voice |- | 2015 | ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon]]'' | Lester Oakes | Episode: "[[James Spader]]/[[Andrew Rannells]]/[[Brian Regan (comedian)|Brian Regan]]'' |- | 2015–2017 | ''[[Nature Cat]]'' | Ronald | Voice |- | 2015 | ''[[F Is for Family]]'' | Additional Voices | 5 Episodes |- | 2016 | ''[[Maya & Marty]]'' | Various roles | Main role |- | 2016, 2019 | ''[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt]]'' | Roland | 2 episodes |- | 2017-19 | ''[[Match Game]]'' | Himself/Panelist | 4 episodes<ref>http://epguides.com/MatchGame/</ref> |- | 2018 | ''[[Double Dare (Nickelodeon game show)|Double Dare]]'' | Himself | Contestant; episode: "Team Kel vs. Team Kenan" |- | 2018 | ''[[Studio C]]'' | Himself, various roles | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0Uid5PvAvM|title=Studio C + Kenan Thompson in Season 9 Premiere!|website=YouTube, Studio C Channel|date=September 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.byutv.org/player/251e3d57-6f38-4758-8a23-e2edcd124fed/studio-c-studio-c-live-from-nyc|title=Studio C Live from NYC|website=BYUTV.org|date=September 10, 2018|accessdate=2019-03-13|archivedate=2018-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114321/https://www.byutv.org/player/251e3d57-6f38-4758-8a23-e2edcd124fed/studio-c-studio-c-live-from-nyc}}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''[[Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?]]'' | Himself | <ref name=animationmagazine2>{{cite web|date=May 23, 2018|title=Boomerang Unveils New SCOOBY-DOO AND GUESS WHO? & YABBA-DABBA DINOSAURS! Series |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Boomerang-Unveils-New-SCOOBY-DOO-AND-GUESS-WHO-YABBA-DABBA-DINOSAURS-Series-20180523 |website=Broadway World|accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی ! class="unsortable" | نوت |- | 2004 | ''Good Times'' | Comedy album |} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Kenan Thompson|Kenan Thompson]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۲ ژانویه ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Kenan Thompson | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی کیشی اویونچولار]] hkzf8k1xkfgtiask5ghycrig1grxkg2 0 110617 1590662 1584834 2026-07-15T08:01:52Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{شخص بیلگی قوتوسو |آد=مت مک‌کوی (اویونچو) |شکیل=مت مک‌کوی (اویونچو) |شکیل آدی= |شکلین اولچوسو =260 |آیری آدلار = |قیسا بیلگی =[[اوْیونچو]]. |میللیت=[[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] |تحصیل = |دوْغوم تاریخ ={{birth date and age|1956|5|20}} |دوْغوم یئر =[[آستین، تگزاس]], آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری |اؤلوم تاریخ = |اؤلوم یئر = |مزارلیقی= |اؤلوم سببی= |حیات یوْلداشی= {{marriage|Mary McCoy|1985|}}{{citation needed lead|date=February 2016}} |اۇشاقلاری= |ایمضا= | وب‌سایت = }} '''مت مک‌کوی''' (اویونچو) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Matt McCoy (actor)) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[اوْیونچو]]. [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکادا]] دۆنیایا گؤز آچیب. == اوْینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت |- | 1985 | ''[[Fraternity Vacation]]'' | J.C. Springer | Low-budget [[sex comedy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/75610/Fraternity-Vacation/|title=Fraternity Vacation|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> |- | 1986 | ''[[Weekend Warriors (film)|Weekend Warriors]]'' | Ames | Alternative title: ''Hollywood Air Force''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/562977/The-Weekend-Warriors/|title=Weekend Warriors|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> |- | 1988 |''[[Police Academy 5: Assignment Miami Beach]]'' | Sgt. Nick Lassard | [[Comedy film|Comedy]] [[crime film]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Another 'Police Academy'? No. 5's The Charm, Folks|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=April 17, 1988|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1988-04-17/entertainment/0030270212_1_leslie-easterbrook-police-academy-fu|accessdate=February 14, 2016|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|first=Joe Bob|last=Briggs|archive-date=2012-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910202535/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1988-04-17/entertainment/0030270212_1_leslie-easterbrook-police-academy-fu|url-status=dead|archivedate=2012-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910202535/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1988-04-17/entertainment/0030270212_1_leslie-easterbrook-police-academy-fu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/86893/Police-Academy-5-Assignment-Miami-Beach/|title=Police Academy 5: Assignment: Miami Beach|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> |- | 1989 |''[[Police Academy 6: City Under Siege]]'' | Sgt. Nick Lassard | Comedy crime<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/86894/Police-Academy-6-City-Under-Siege/|title=Police Academy 6: City Under Siege|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> |- |- | 1989 |''[[DeepStar Six]]'' | Engineer Jim Richardson | Science Fiction Horror |- | rowspan="2" | 1992 | ''[[The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (film)|The Hand That Rocks the Cradle]]'' | Michael Bartel | [[Psychological thriller]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Leistedt|first1=Samuel J.|last2=Linkowski|first2=Paul|title=Psychopathy and the Cinema: Fact or Fiction?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-forensic-sciences_2014-01_59_1/page/167|journal=Journal of Forensic Sciences|date=January 2014|volume=59|issue=1|pages=167–174|doi=10.1111/1556-4029.12359|ref=harv|pmid=24329037}}</ref> |- | ''Eyes of the Beholder'' | Frank Carlyle | [[Thriller film|Thriller]] [[horror film|horror]] [[mystery film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/74393/Eyes-of-the-Beholder/|title=Eyes of the Beholder|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 13, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" | 1993 | ''The Cool Surface'' | Chazz Stone | |- | ''[[Snapdragon (film)|Snapdragon]]'' | Bernie | |- | ''Wind Dancer'' | Jim McDonald | |- | ''[[White Wolves: A Cry in the Wild II]]'' | Jake (Mr. B) | [[Action film|Action]]-[[adventure film|adventure]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95702/White-Wolves-A-Cry-in-the-Wild-II/|title=White Wolves: A Cry in the Wild II|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 12, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Lightning in a Bottle'' | Troy Hoskins | |- | ''[[Samurai Cowboy]]'' | Colt Wingate | [[Western film]]<ref name="Budd">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ebeY7mHSLpcC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=Samurai+Cowboy+1993+film#v=onepage&q=Samurai%20Cowboy%201993%20film&f=false|page=62|first=David H.|last=Budd|publisher=[[McFarland & Company, Inc.]]|location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina]] and [[لندن]]|title=Culture Meets Culture in the Movies: An Analysis East, West, North and South, with Filmographies|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7864-1095-8}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" | 1994 | ''Hard Drive'' | Jack | Thriller film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/77367/Hard-Drive/|title=Hard Drive|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Dead On'' | Ted Beaumont | |- | ''The Soft Kill'' | Vinnie Lupino | Thriller, mystery film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90688/Soft-Kill-The/|title=The Soft Kill|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''In the Heat of Passion II: Unfaithful'' | Steven | |- | ''[[Bigfoot: The Unforgettable Encounter]]'' | Nick | |- | rowspan="3" | 1995 | ''Hard Bounty'' | Kanning aka Holy Ghost | |- | ''In the Flesh'' | Derek Mitchelson | |- | ''[[Rent-a-Kid]]'' | Russ Syracuse | [[Comedy film]]<ref name="Rent-a-Kid">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/516467/Rent-a-Kid/|title=Rent-a-Kid|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=April 6, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 1996 | ''Fast Money'' | Jack Martin | Action comedy film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/523758/Fast-Money/|title=Fast Money|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Sticks & Stones'' | Joey's Dad | [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/526166/Sticks-and-Stones/|title=Sticks & Stones|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''The Assault'' | Mike | Action thriller film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shop.tcm.com/assult/096009071097|title=The Assault|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016|archivedate=2018-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316024545/https://shop.tcm.com/assult/096009071097}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 1997 | ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' | 'Badge of Honor' Star Brett Chase | [[Neo-noir]] [[crime film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ghostbusters-top-gun-enter-national-849092|title='Ghostbusters,' 'Top Gun,' 'Shawshank' Enter National Film Registry|author=Mike Barnes|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=February 11, 2016|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]}}</ref> |- | ''The Apocalypse'' | Suarez | |- | ''Little Bigfoot'' | Sheriff Cliffton | Family film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/523735/Little-Big-Foot/|title=Little Bigfoot|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | 1998 | ''Nightmare in Big Sky'' | Joe | Drama film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/474452/Nightmare-in-Big-Sky-Country/|title=Nightmare in Big Sky|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1999 | ''Monsoon'' | Olivier Labelle | |- | ''Buck and the Magic Bracelet'' | Natty | Action-adventure western film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/525590/Buck-and-the-Magic-Bracelet/|title=Buck and the Magic Bracelet|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Mutual Love Life'' | Don | [[Short film]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''[[Can't Be Heaven]]'' | Mike | Family comedy<ref>{{cite web|last=Bertrand|first=Merle|title=Forever Together (Can't Be Heaven)|url=http://www.filmthreat.com/reviews/1526/|website=[[Film Threat]]|accessdate=February 10, 2016|date=January 9, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Scheib|first=Richard|title=Can't Be Heaven aka Forever Together|url=http://moria.co.nz/fantasy/cantbeheaven.htm|website=moria.co.nz|publisher=Moria|accessdate=February 10, 2016|date=December 31, 1998|archivedate=2014-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716074346/http://moria.co.nz/fantasy/cantbeheaven.htm}}</ref> |- | ''[[The Newcomers (film)|The Newcomers]]'' | Gary Docherty | Family drama |- | 2003 | ''[[National Security (2003 film)|National Security]]'' | Robert Barton | Action comedy فیلم |- | 2004 | ''Radius'' | Crim | |- | 2005 | ''[[Rebound (2005 film)|Rebound]]'' | Alumni Association Member #2 | Comedy film<ref name="murder">{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/01/post-3.html|title=Gang member convicted of murdering 'Judging Amy' actress|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=January 23, 2009|accessdate=February 13, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 | ''[[Abominable]]'' | Preston Rogers | Horror film<ref>{{cite web|title=Cast and Crew|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0402743/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast|website=IMDB|accessdate=January 31, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''A Merry Little Christmas'' | Norbert Bridges | |- | 2013 | ''The Trouble Man'' | Kent Freedman | Short فیلم |- | 2014 | ''Act of Contrition'' | Fr. Boyle | Short فیلم |- | 2015 | ''Memoria'' | Harry Goodman | Short فیلم |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Underwater Upside Down'' | Mr. Sheraton | {{Plain list | * Comedy فیلم * In post-production }} |- | ''The Nth Ward'' | News Reporter | Drama thriller فیلم |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت |- | 1979 | ''Hot Hero Sandwich'' | Himself | [[Variety show|Variety series]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=YX_daEhlnbsC&pg=PA476&lpg=PA476&dq=Hot+Hero+Sandwich+(TV+Series)+cast#v=onepage&q=Hot%20Hero%20Sandwich%20(TV%20Series)%20cast&f=false|isbn=978-0786464777|first=Vincent|last=Terrace|publisher=[[McFarland & Company, Inc.]]|location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina]] and [[لندن]]|page=476|year=2008|title=Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 through 2010, 2d ed.}}</ref> |- | 1981 | ''Pen 'n' Inc.'' | Alan Ozley | [[Television film|Made-for-TV movie]] |- | 1983–84 | ''[[We Got It Made]]'' | David Tucker | Contract role (22 episodes) |- | 1984 | ''[[The Love Boat]]'' | Billy Boy Bodine | Episode: "Country Blues/A Matter of Taste/Frat Brothers Forever" (S 8:Ep 14) |- | rowspan="2" | 1986 | ''[[Dream West]]'' | Louis Freniere | [[Miniseries]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/462024/Dream-West/|title=Dream West|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''We're Puttin' on the Ritz'' | Max Montana | Made-for-TV-Movie |- | 1987 |''American Harvest'' | Tad | Made-for-TV-Movie |- | 1988 | ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' | Todd Wendle | Episode: "Mourning Among the Wisterias" (S 4:Ep 15) |- | rowspan="2" | 1989 | ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' | Devinoni Ral | Episode: "[[The Price (TNG episode)|The Price]]" (S 3:Ep 8) |- | ''[[The Golden Girls]]'' | Father Avery | Episode: "Have Yourself a Very Little Christmas" (S 5:Ep 12) |- | rowspan="3" | 1990 | ''[[Miracle Landing]]'' | Doug Torbel | {{Plain list | * Made-for-TV-Movie * Also known as ''Panic in the Open Sky''<ref name="Aeromovies">{{cite web|last=Santoir|first=Christian|url=http://www.aeromovies.fr/articles.php?lng=en&pg=226http://www.aeromovies.fr/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=139|title=Miracle Landing|work=Aeromovies|accessdate=February 13, 2016|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305041900/http://www.aeromovies.fr/articles.php?lng=en&pg=226http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeromovies.fr%2Farticles.php%3Flng%3Dfr&pg=139}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ortega|first=Sergio|url=http://airodyssey.net/1999/08/01/movie-ml/|title=Miracle Landing (Movie Rview)|work=Airodyessey.net|date=August 1, 1999|accessdate=February 13, 2016}}</ref> }} |- | ''[[Archie: To Riverdale and Back Again]]'' | Robert Miller | Released on video as ''Archie: Return to Riverdale'' in the U.S. and ''Archie's Weekend Reunion'' in Australia<ref>{{cite book|title=Always a Bridesmaid|url=https://archive.org/details/alwaysbridesmaid00lyle|page=[https://archive.org/details/alwaysbridesmaid00lyle/page/29 29]|year=1990|isbn=978-0425195130|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|location=[[نیویورک]]}}</ref> |- | ''[[Babes (TV Series)|Babes]]'' | Merit | Episode: "Marlene's Problem" (S 1:Ep 8) |- | 1991 | ''[[Nurses (TV series)|Nurses]]'' | Dr. Harold Miller | Episodes: {{Plain list | * Son of a Pilot" (S 1:Ep 1) * Mother, Jugs, and Zach" (S 1:Ep 6) }} |- | 1992 | ''[[Civil Wars (TV series)|Civil Wars]]'' | David Willert | Episode: "Mob Psychology" (S 1:Ep 16) |- | 1993 | ''[[L.A. Law]]'' | Rick Turner | Episode: "Eli's Gumming" (S 8:Ep 8) |- | rowspan="2" | 1994 | ''[[The Nanny]]'' | Steve Mintz | Episode: "A Plot for Nanny" (S 1:Ep 11) |- | ''[[Melrose Place]]'' | D.A. Quinton Benson | Episode: "With This Ball and Chain" (S 2: Ep22) |- | 1995 | ''[[Seinfeld]]'' | Lloyd Braun | Episodes: "The Gum" (S 7:Ep 10) |- | 1996 | ''My Son Is Innocent'' | David Harbin | Made-for-TV-Movie |- | rowspan="3" |1997 | ''The Accident: A Moment of Truth Movie'' | Ray Williams | Made-for-TV-Movie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/459558/Accident-A-Moment-of-Truth-Movie-The/|title=The Accident: A Moment of Truth Movie|work=TCM database|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''[[Men Behaving Badly (U.S. TV series)|Men Behaving Badly]]'' | Jack Brickman | Episode: "No Retreat, No Surrender" (S 2"Ep 1) |- | ''Seinfeld'' | Lloyd Braun | Episode: "The Serenity Now" (S 9:Ep 3) |- | 1998 | ''[[Grace Under Fire]]'' | Jack | Episode: "Grace Under Class" (S 5:Ep 13) |- | rowspan="5" | 1999 | ''Partners'' | John | Episode: "Always..." (S 1:Ep 5) |- | ''Dangerous Waters'' | Bob | Made-for-TV-Movie |- | ''[[NYPD Blue]]'' | Trent Knox | Episode: "Mister Roberts" (S 6:Ep 18) |- | ''[[Chicago Hope]]'' | Jeremy Hofmeister | Episode: "Kiss of Death" (S 5:Ep 22) |- | ''[[Odd Man Out (U.S. TV series)|Odd Man Out]]'' | Dave | Episode: "Little Women" (S 1:Ep 11) |- | rowspan="4" | 2000 | ''[[Ladies Man (1999 TV series)|Ladies Man]]'' | Ben Carlson | Episode: "Breaking Up Really Isn't So Hard to Do" (S 1:Ep 15) |- | ''[[Alley Cats Strike]]'' | Mr. Kevin Thompson | [[Disney Channel]] original movie |- | ''[[Profiler (TV series)|Profiler]]'' | Patrick Hutton | Episode: "Tsuris" (S 4:Ep 20) |- | ''[[Citizen Baines]]'' | Arthur Croland | Contract role |- | rowspan="3" |2001 | ''[[Three Sisters (TV series)|Three Sisters]]'' | Dr. Fenmore | Episode: "My Birth and Welcome to It" (S 1:Ep 2) |- | ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]'' | Calvin | Episode: "Love Is a Many Complicated Thing" (S 5:Ep 15) |- | ''[[Six Feet Under (TV series)|Six Feet Under]]'' | Slick Funeral Director | Episode: "Life's Too Short" (S 1:Ep 9) |- | 2003 | ''[[The West Wing]]'' | Congressman Tom Landis | Episode: "Angel Maintenance" ( S 4:Ep 19) |- | 2003–05 | ''[[Carnivàle]]'' | Councilman Ned Munson | {{cRecurring}} |- | 2005–06 | ''[[Huff (TV series)|Huff]]'' | Dr. Bernbaum | {{cRecurring}} |- | 2005 | ''[[CSI: NY]]'' | Martin Benson | Episode: "Supply & Demand" (S 1:Ep 20) |- | 2006 | ''[[Reba (TV series)|Reba]]'' | Dr. Castleman | Episode: "Red Alert" (S 5:Ep 20) |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | ''[[Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip]]'' | Russell | Episode: "K&R: Part 2" (S 1:Ep 20) |- | ''[[Big Love]]'' | Dick Paulson | Episode: "The Happiest Girl" (S 2: Ep 10) |- | 2008 | ''[[Without a Trace]]'' | Judge Victor Morgan | Episode: "22 x 42" (S 7:Ep 2) |- | 2009 | ''[[Saving Grace (TV series)|Saving Grace]]'' | Keith | Episode: "Watch Siggybaby Burn" (S 3:Ep 3) |- | 2011 | ''[[The Closer]]'' | Kevin Adams | Episode: "An Ugly Game" (S 6:Ep 15) |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''[[The Mentalist]]'' | Principal Snyder | Episode: "Something Rotten in Redmund" (S 4:Ep 20) |- | ''[[Touch (TV series)|Touch]]'' | Lamont | Episode: "Lost & Found" (S 1:Ep 6) |- | ''[[Revenge (TV series)|Revenge]]'' | Lyle Jameson | Episode: "Absolution" (S 1:Ep 19) |- | 2013 | ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' | Simon Weber | Episode: "Double Fault" (S 13:Ep 12) |- | rowspan="3" | 2015 | ''[[The Whispers (TV series)|The Whispers]]'' | Graham Pillstein | Episode: "X Marks the Spot" (S 1:Ep 1) |- | ''[[Silicon Valley (TV series)|Silicon Valley]]'' | Pete Monahan | Episodes: {{Plain list| * "Binding Arbitration" (S 2:Ep 9) * "Two Days of the Condor" (S 2:Ep 10) * "Founder Friendly" (S 3:Ep 1) * "Terms of Service" (S 4:Ep 2) }} |- | ''[[True Detective (TV Series)|True Detective]]'' | Gillett | Episode: "Other Lives" (S 2:Ep 5) |- | 2016 | ''[[NCIS (TV Series)|NCIS]]'' | Senator Thomas Bransfield | Episode: "Charade" (S 13:Ep 20) |- |2018 |[[Jack Ryan (TV series)|Jack Ryan]] |Dr. Nadler |Episodes: The Wolf (S1:Ep 4) End of Honor (S1:Ep 5) The Boy (S1:Ep 7) Inshallah (S1:Ep 8) |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ایل !آدی !روْل ! class="unsortable" | نوت |- | 1995 | ''Memory Run'' | Gabriel | Directed and co-written by [[Allan A. Goldstein]] |- | 1999 | ''Passport to Paris'' | Jack Porter | Directed by [[Alan Metter]] |- | 2000 | ''Rangers'' | Broughten | Directed by [[Jim Wynorski]] (credited as Jay Andrews) |- | 2001 | ''Beethov n's 4th'' | Reginald Sedgewick | Directed by [[David M. Evans]] (credited as David Mickey Evans) |- | 2011 | ''Born to Race'' | Joe | Directed by [[Alex Ranarivelo]] |} == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Matt McCoy (actor)|Matt McCoy (actor)]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۲ ژانویه ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Matt McCoy (actor) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:آمریکالی کیشی اویونچولار]] qp5vkv75bd26aefqa03omf4x6qrfwb0 0 151032 1590654 1556639 2026-07-15T07:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Lezgins<br>Лезгияр<br>''Lezgiyar'' | pop = {{circa}} 1 million |region1 = {{flag|Russia}} *{{flag|Dagestan}} |image = File:Idioma lezgin.png‎ |pop1 = {{circa}} 800,000 |pop2 = c. 193,300 (2016, Azerbaijani government)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cornell|first1=Svante|title=Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135796693|page=259|quote=Whereas officially the number of Lezgins registered as such in Azerbaijan is around 380,000, the Lezgins claim (...)}}</ref> |rels = [[سونیلر]], minority [[شیعه]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=nrcWAQAAIAAJ&q=lezgins+minority+shia&dq=lezgins+minority+shia&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=FH-SVPSBOITraJSEgqAM&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBw|title=The Role of Ethnic Minorities in Border Regions: Forms of their composition, problems of development and political rights|accessdate=18 December 2014|quote=Although the Lezgin are Sunni Muslims, there is a strong Shiite minority.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Friedrich|first1=Paul|title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Russia and Eurasia, China|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl06frie|date=1994|publisher=G.K. Hall|isbn=978-0816118106|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl06frie/page/n291 243]|quote=Given the strong Azerbaijani influence on them, however, there is a sizable Shiite minority among the Lezgins}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cole|first1=Jeffrey E.|title=Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781598843026|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1598843033|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781598843026/page/237 237]|quote=The Lezgins are Muslims; the great majority are Sunni of the Shafi'i rite, with small numbers of Lezgins living near or inside Azerbaijan being Shiite.}}</ref> |langs = [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]] |related = [[Tabasaran people|Tabasarans]], [[Aghul people|Aghuls]], [[Rutul people|Rutuls]], [[Budukh people|Budukhs]], [[Kryts people|Kryts]], [[Laks (Caucasus)|Laks]], [[Tsakhur people|Tsakhurs]], [[Archi people|Archi]], [[Shahdagh people|Shahdagh]] and [[Udi people|Udi]] and other [[ناخ-داغیستان دیللری]] }} '''لزگی‌لر'''، قفقازدا یاشایان قومی بیر قروپ دیرلار. لزگی‌لرین بومی یاشایان مسکن‌لری و سونّتی یوردلاری، [[روسیه|روسیه‌نین]] [[داغیستان|داغیستان ویلایتی‌سی‌نین]] گونئی‌باتی قیسمت‌لری و [[آذربایجان جومهوریتی|آذربایجان جومهوریّتی‌نین]] قوزئی قیسمتی‌نین کیچیک بیر بؤلومو، لزگی‌لرین سونّتی یوردلاری و یاشاییش مسکنلری دیر. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{UNPO}} dj89jghdeahs1hl2vtf9o96i4az2idf 0 151214 1590622 1576176 2026-07-15T06:32:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Iranian Kurds |image = Kurdish-people-in-iran.png |population = 6,738,787 (8%)<ref name="Iran Provinces">{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/uir.html|title=Iran Provinces|work=statoids.com}}</ref> {{جب}} ۸٫۱ میلیون (10%){{سخ}}(2014 [[CIA]] estimate)<ref name="CIA2014">{{cite web |title=The Time of the Kurds |url=https://www.cfr.org/interactives/time-kurds#!/?cid=soc-at-the_time_of_the_kurds-infoguide |publisher=CFR |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> |popplace = |languages = [[کورد دیللری]]، [[گوران دیلی]]، [[فارس دیلی]] و [[تورکجه]] |religions = [[شیعه]] ([[اون‌ایکی ایماملی شیعه]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leinonen |first1=Anu |title=Unity or Diversity? Turkish Nationalism, Kurds, and the Turkish Mainstream Press |date=2017 |page=66 |publisher=University of Helsinki |location=Helsinki |url = https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/172952/UnityorD.pdf?sequence=1s | isbn = 978-951-51-2890-4 |quote=Most Iranian Kurds are Shi’a (of Twelver Shi’ism).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sebastian Maisel |title=The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society |date=2018 |page=54}}</ref>{{سخ}}[[سونیلر|سونی]] ([[شافعی]])<ref name="Shafii">{{cite book |author1=Ali Ezzatyar |title=The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan: Ethnic and Religious Implications in the Greater Middle East |url=https://archive.org/details/lastmuftiofirani0000ezza |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-137-56324-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lastmuftiofirani0000ezza/page/29 29]}}</ref>{{سخ}}([[صوفی‌لیک]] order [[Qadiriyya]] also present)<ref name="Rudaw">{{cite news |title=Dervish practice Sufism on a yearly, 30-day journey through Kurdistan |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/270220191 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=[[Rûdaw]] |date=27 February 2019}}</ref>{{سخ}}[[Yarsanism]] |related = see [[ایران دیللی خالقلار]] }} '''ایران کوردلری''' ({{Lang-ku|Kurdên Îranê ,کورد له ئێران}},<ref>{{cite news |title=خوێندکارانی کورد له ئێران |url=https://zheen.org/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%84%DB%95-%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=zheen.org |language=ku |archivedate=2020-08-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811120338/https://zheen.org/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%84%DB%95-%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/ }}</ref> {{Lang-fa|کردها در ایران/کردهای ایران}})<ref>{{cite journal |author1=محمّدعلی چلونگر |author2=کیومرث عظیمی |title=پراکندگی فرق و مذاهب تشیّع در کردستان |url=http://www.shiitestudies.com/article_19301.html |access-date=22 April 2020 |journal=فصلنامه علمی شیعه شناسی |volume=10|date=2012|issue=39|pages=81–100 |language=fa}}</ref> - [[ایران|ایراندا]] یاشایان بیر اتنیک قوروپ.<ref>[http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13900615000068 Political Geography of Iranian Nationalities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218150536/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13900615000068 |date=2018-02-18}} farsnews.com 18 February 2018</ref> ایرانداکی [[کوردلر]] عوموماً [[کورد دیللری|کورد دیللرینده]] دانیشیرلار. بۇ خالق‌دا ان گئنیش یاییلمیش دین [[ایسلام]] دیر. == گؤرونتولر == == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} [[بؤلمه:خالقلار]] 06yo0j11i4ha1y6x436v3fkadrmx6lp 3 161948 1590595 381491 2026-07-14T16:33:47Z 기나ㅏㄴ 43243 기나ㅏㄴ، [[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Sasha Kanskyi]] صفحه‌سینی [[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Sa Kan]]-ه آپاردی: صفحه در ضمن تغییر نام کاربر «[[Special:CentralAuth/Sasha Kanskyi|Sasha Kanskyi]]» به «[[Special:CentralAuth/Sa Kan|Sa Kan]]» به طور خودکار منتقل شد 381491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{خوش گلدینیز}} --[[ایشلدن:Aymara93|Aymara93]] ([[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Aymara93|دانیشیق]]) ‏۹ مئی ۲۰۱۸، ساعت ۰۳:۵۸ (UTC) 9b0f292c9b1q3f559pxlgg02co8qra0 0 166729 1590644 1565006 2026-07-15T07:15:18Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = محمد اورخان |image = فایل:Orhan Efendi Arnavutluk uniformasi ile.jpg |birth_date = ۱۰ اوْکتوبر ۱۹۰۹ |birth_place = [[ایستانبول]]، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|1994|3|12|1909|10|10|df=y}} |death_place = [[نیس]]، [[فرانسه]] |burial_place = |succession = [[عثمانلی سولاله‌سی|عثمانلی سولاله‌سی‌نین ۷-جی باشچی‌سی]] |reign = ۹ دسامبر ۱۹۸۳ – ۱۲ مارس ۱۹۹۴ |reign-type = حؤکوم |predecessor = [[على واصب]] |successor = [[ارتوغرول عثمان]] |spouse = {{plainlist| *{{marriage|نحیفه خانیم|1932|1933|end=divorced}} *{{marriage|مارقارت فورنیر|1940|1945|end=divorced}}}} |issue = فاطما نجلا سولطان{{جب}}محمد افندی{{جب}}سلیم افندی{{جب}}آی‌تن سولطان |house = [[عثمانلی سولاله‌سی|عثمانلی]] |father = [[محمد عبدالقادر افندی]] |mother = مهریبان خانیم }} ''' محمد اورخان عثمان‌اوْغلو''' (د. ۱۰ اوْکتوبر ۱۹۰۹؛ [[ایستانبول]]، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]] - اؤ. ۱۲ مارس ۱۹۹۴؛ [[نیس]]، [[فرانسه]])، سولطان [[ایکینجی عبدالحمید]]ین نوه‌سی و شاهزاده [[محمد عبدالقادر افندی]]‌‌نین اوْغلودور. آناسی ایسه مهریبان خانیم‌افندی دیر.<ref>{{cite web | last=Kessler | first=P L | title=Kingdoms of Anatolia | website=Ottoman Empire | date=1915-04-24 | url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/AnatoliaOttoman.htm | access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Kessler | first=P L | title=Kingdoms of Anatolia | website=Ottoman Empire | date=1915-04-24 | url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/AnatoliaOttoman.htm | access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref> == حیاتی == [[فایل:Orhan Efendi askeri mektepte talebe iken.jpg|thumb|اورخان افندی حرب اوْخولوخدا طلبه ایکن]] محمد اورخان، ۱۰ اوْکتوبر ۱۹۰۹ تاریخینده [[ایستانبول]] شهرینده آنادان اولدو. اوْ [[قالاتاسارای لیسه‌سی]]نده (''مکتب سولطانی'') تحصیل آلدیقدان سوْنرا [[تورکیه قارا قوشونلاری حرب مکتبی|حرب اوْخولو]]نا گیردی و حربی تحصیل آلماغا باشلادی. محمد اورخان ۱۵ یاشیندا ایکن عاییله‌سی ایله بیرلیکده سۆرگۆنه گؤندریلدی؛ اوْنلار [[بوداپست]]ه گئدیب اوْردا یئرلشدیلر. محمد اورخان ایللر سوْنرا [[فرانسه]]‌نین [[نیس]] شهرینه گئدیب اوْردا یاشاماغا باشلادی. محمد اورخان ۱۹۸۳–۱۹۹۴-جو ایللر آراسیندا [[عثمانلی سولاله‌سی]]‌‌‌‌‌نین باشچی‌سی کیمی وظیفه آلدی و نهایت ۱۲ مارس ۱۹۹۴ تاریخینده [[نیس]]‌‌‌‌ده وفات ائتدی.<ref>{{cite book|first=Douglas Scott|last=Brookes|title=The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem|url=https://archive.org/details/concubineprinces0000broo|year=2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-78335-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/concubineprinces0000broo/page/287 287]}}</ref> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} r3641dd91t7ijs7wld4wh4kswxqx6b9 0 168454 1590746 1587962 2026-07-15T11:11:45Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 8 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = اتلستن |image = Athelstan.jpg |caption = |alt = |reign1 = ۹۲۷ – ۲۷ اوکتوبر ۹۳۹ |predecessor1 = Himself<br />{{Small|(''as King of the Anglo-Saxons'')}} |successor1 = [[بیرینجی ادموند (اینگیلیس)|بیرینجی ادموند]] |succession1 = [[King of the English]] |reign = 924–927 |coronation = 4 September 925 |predecessor = [[ادوارد پدر]] یا [[الفورد وسکس]] |successor = Himself<br />{{Small|(''as King of the English'')}} |succession = [[King of the Anglo-Saxons]] |spouse = |issue = | house = [[House of Wessex|Wessex]]|father = [[ادوارد پدر]] |mother = [[Ecgwynn]] |birth_date = {{Circa|894}} |birth_place = [[وسکس کراللیغی]] |death_date = ۲۷ اوکتوبر ۹۳۹ (حدود ۴۵) |death_place = [[قلاستر]] |place of burial = [[Malmesbury Abbey]] |signature = |religion = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] }} '''اتلستن''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسی‌جه]]: Æthelstan) بیر شاهزاده ایدی. ۹۲۴–۹۲۷ ایل‌لر آراسیندا حؤکومت ائدیب. آتاسی [[ادوارد پدر]] دیر. [[ادوارد پدر]] اؤلوموندن سوْنرا حؤکومتی اله کئچدیب. ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==عطیفلر== {{قایناق|20em}} ==منبع‌لر== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|first=Richard|last=Abels|title=Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England|year=1998|isbn=0-582-04047-7|publisher=Longman}} * {{cite book|last=Bailey|first= Maggie|year=2001|chapter=Ælfwynn, Second Lady of the Mercians|editors= N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill |title= Edward the Elder 899–924|url=https://archive.org/details/edwardelder899920000unse|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-21497-1}} * {{cite book| first=John |last=Blair|year=2005|title=The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society| url=https://archive.org/details/churchinanglosax0000blai |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-921117-3}} * {{cite book|first=Caroline|last=Brett|chapter=A Breton pilgrim in England in the reign of King Æthelstan|title=France and the British Isles in the Middle Ages and Renaissance|url=https://archive.org/details/francebritishisl0000unse|editor1-first=Gillian|editor1-last=Jondorf|editor2-first=D.N.|editor2-last=Dumville|publisher=The Boydell Press|year=1991|isbn=0-85115-487-5}} * {{cite book|first=Christopher|last=Brooke|title=The Saxon and Norman Kings|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2001|isbn=978-0-631-23131-8}} * {{cite book|first= Nicholas|last=Brooks |authorlink=Nicholas Brooks |title=The Early History of the Church of Canterbury |url= https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofch0000broo|publisher= Leicester University Press|year= 1984|edition= |location= |isbn=0-7185-1182-4 }} * {{cite book|first=James|last=Campbell|title=The Anglo-Saxon State|url=https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonstate0000camp|publisher=Hambledon & London|year=2000|isbn=1-85285-176-7}} * {{cite book|first=T. M.|last=Charles-Edwards|title=Wales and the Britons 350–1064|url=https://archive.org/details/walesbritons35010000char|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-821731-2}} * {{cite journal|first=Tracy-Anne|last=Cooper|journal=Journal of World History|title=Æthelstan: The First King of England by Sarah Foot (review)|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/journal_of_world_history/v024/24.1.cooper.html|date=March 2013|number=1|volume=24|pages=189–192|accessdate=9 December 2013|doi=10.1353/jwh.2013.0025}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Marios|last =Costambeys |authorlink=| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Æthelflæd [Ethelfleda] (d. 918), ruler of the Mercians| year = 2004 | url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8907/8907?back=,8514,8907,52311 | accessdate= 25 October 2013|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8907 }} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Catherine|last =Cubitt |authorlink=|author2-first=Marios|author2-last=Costambeys| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title=Oda [St Oda, Odo] (d. 958), archbishop of Canterbury | year = 2004 | url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/20541?docPos=2| accessdate=9 December 2013 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/20541 }} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Pauline|editor-last=Stafford|title=A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500–c. 1100|first=John Reuben|last=Davies|chapter=Wales and West Britain|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-42513-8}} * {{cite book | last=Dumville | first=David|authorlink=David Dumville|title=Wessex and England from Alfred to Edgar: Six Essays on Political, Cultural, and Ecclesiastical Revival| url=https://archive.org/details/wessexenglandfro0000dumv |publisher=Boydell Press |year=1992|isbn=978-0-85115-308-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Sarah|last =Foot | authorlink= Sarah Foot |publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title=Æthelstan (Athelstan) (893/4–939), king of England | year = 2004 | url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/833?docPos=2 | accessdate=9 June 2012 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/833 }}{{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book|last=Foot|first= Sarah |year=2007|chapter=Where English Becomes British: Rethinking Contexts for Brunanburh|editor-first=Julia|editor-last= Barrow |editor1-link=Julia Barrow |editor2-first= Andrew|editor2-last= Wareham|title=Myth, Rulership, Church and Charters|url=https://archive.org/details/mythrulershipchu0000unse|publisher= Ashgate|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mythrulershipchu0000unse/page/127 127]–144|isbn=978-0-7546-5120-8}} * {{cite book | last = Foot | first = Sarah | title=[[Æthelstan: The First King of England]]|publisher=Yale University Press| year = 2011 |isbn= 978-0-300-12535-1}} * {{cite book|title=The Intellectual Foundations of the English Benedictine Reform|url=https://archive.org/details/intellectualfoun0000gret|first=Mechtild|last=Gretsch|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03052-6}} * {{cite journal|journal=Northern History|first=Kevin|last=Halloran|title=Anlaf Guthfrithson at York: A Non-existent Kingship?|url=http://www.maneyonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/0078172X13Z.00000000042|volume=50|number=2|date=September 2013|publisher=University of Leeds|doi=10.1179/0078172X13Z.00000000042|pages=180–185}} * {{cite journal|journal=Anglo-Saxon England|first=Cyril|last=Hart|authorlink=|title=Athelstan 'Half King' and his family|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year =1973|place=|volume=2|pages=115–144|isbn=0-521-20218-3|doi=10.1017/s0263675100000375}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Cyril|last = Hart| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Sihtric Cáech (Sigtryggr Cáech) (d. 927), king of York| year = 2004 | url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25543?docPos=2 | accessdate= 4 October 2012|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/49273}} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book |last=Higham |first = N. J.| year=1993 |title=The Kingdom of Northumbria: AD 350–1100|url=https://archive.org/details/kingdomofnorthum0000high | publisher= Alan Sutton|isbn=0-86299-730-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hill|first= Paul |year=2004|title=The Age of Athelstan: Britain's Forgotten History|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofathelstanbr0000hill|publisher= Tempus Publishing|isbn= 0-7524-2566-8}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Pauline|editor-last=Stafford|title=A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500-c. 1100|first=Charles|last=Insley|chapter=Southumbria|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-42513-8}} * {{cite book|first=Eric|last=John|editor-first=James|editor-last=Campbell|title=The Anglo-Saxons|chapter=The Age of Edgar|year=1982|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-014395-5}} * {{cite book|last=Karkov|first= Catherine E.|year=2004|title=The Ruler Portraits of Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Boydell |isbn =1-84383-059-0}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Simon|editor-last=Keynes |editor1-link=Simon Keynes|editor2-first=Michael |editor2-last=Lapidge |editor2-link=Michael Lapidge|title=Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred & Other Contemporary Sources |url=https://archive.org/details/alfredgreatasser0000asse|publisher=Penguin Classics |year=1983|isbn=978-0-14-044409-4}} * {{cite book|editors=Lapidge, Michael; Gneuss, Helmut|title=Learning and Literature in Anglo-Saxon England|url=https://archive.org/details/learningliteratu0000unse|year=1985|author=Keynes, Simon|chapter=King Æthelstan's books|pages=[https://archive.org/details/learningliteratu0000unse/page/143 143]–201|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-25902-9}} * {{cite book|last=Keynes|first= Simon|chapter=Royal government and the written word in late Anglo-Saxon England|title=The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/usesofliteracyin0000unse|editor=McKitterick, Rosamund |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 1990|isbn=0-521-34409-3}} * {{cite book|last=Keynes|first= Simon |year=1999|chapter=England, c. 900–1016|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History|volume=III |editor-first= Timothy|editor-last= Reuter|pages=456–484|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-36447-7}} * {{cite book|last=Keynes|first= Simon|year=2001|chapter=Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons|editors= N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill |title=Edward the Elder 899–924|url=https://archive.org/details/edwardelder899920000unse|publisher= Routledge| isbn= 0-415-21497-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Keynes|first= Simon |year=2001|title=Rulers of the English, c. 450–1066|editors= Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes and Donald Scragg |encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Blackwell Publishing|isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Donald|editor-last=Scragg|title=Edgar King of the English: New Interpretations|url=https://archive.org/details/edgarkingofengli0000unse|year=2008|publisher=The Boydell Press|first=Simon|last=Keynes|chapter=Edgar ''rex admirabilis''|isbn=978-1-84383-399-4}} * {{cite book|last=Lapidge|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Lapidge|title=Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066|url=https://archive.org/details/anglolatinlitera0000lapi|publisher=The Hambledon Press|year =1993|isbn=1-85285-012-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia|year=2001|editor1-first= Michael|editor1-last= Lapidge|editor2-first= John|editor2-last= Blair|editor3-first= Simon|editor3-last= Keynes |editor4-first= Donald|editor4-last= Scragg |encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Blackwell Publishing|isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Michael|last =Lapidge |authorlink=| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Dunstan [St Dunstan] (d. 988), archbishop of Canterbury| year = 2004 | url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8288?docPos=1| accessdate= 7 December 2013|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/8288 }} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book|title=The Battle of Brunanburh: A Casebook|editor-last=Livingston|editor-first= Michael|editorlink=Michael Livingston|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-85989-862-1}} * {{cite book|title=The Battle of Brunanburh: A Casebook|editor-last=Livingston|editor-first= Michael|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=2011|first=Michael|last=Livingston|chapter=The Roads to Brunanburh|pages=1–26|isbn=978-0-85989-862-1}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Pauline|editor-last=Stafford|title=A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500-c. 1100|first=Simon|last=Maclean|chapter=Britain, Ireland and Europe, c. 900–c. 1100|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-42513-8}} * {{cite book | last =Maddicott|first=John|authorlink=John Maddicott|title=The Origins of the English Parliament, 924–1327|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-958550-2}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Miller|first= Sean|article=Æthelstan|editors= Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes and Donald Scragg |year=2001|encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Blackwell Publishing|isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Sean|last = Miller|authorlink=| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Edward [called Edward the Elder] (870s?–924), king of the Anglo-Saxons| year = 2004 | url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8514?docPos=1 | accessdate=28 April 2013 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8514 }} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book |last=Molyneaux|first=George|title=The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/formationofengli0000moly|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-871791-1}} * {{cite book|first=Janet|last=Nelson|authorlink=Janet Nelson|title=Rulers and Ruling Families in Early Medieval Europe|publisher=Ashgate|year=1999|isbn=0-86078-802-4}} * {{cite book|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III c. 900–c. 1024|publisher=Cambridge University Press|editor-first=Timothy|editor-last=Reuter|year=1999|isbn=0-521-36447-7|first=Janet L.|last=Nelson|chapter=Rulers and government}} * {{cite book|title=Myth, Rulership, Church and Charters|url=https://archive.org/details/mythrulershipchu0000unse|editors=Julia Barrow and Andrew Wareham|chapter=The First Use of the Second Anglo-Saxon ''Ordo''|first=Janet|last=Nelson|year=2008|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-5120-8}} * {{cite book|title=[[England and the Continent in the Tenth Century|England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947)]]|publisher=Brepols|year=2010|editor-first=David|editor-last=Rollason|editor2-first=Conrad|editor2-last=Leyser|editor3-first=Hannah|editor3-last=Williams|first=Veronica|last=Ortenberg|chapter='The King from Overseas: Why did Æthelstan Matter in Tenth-Century Continental Affairs?|isbn=978-2-503-53208-0}} * {{cite book|title=[[England and the Continent in the Tenth Century|England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947)]]|publisher=Brepols|year=2010|editor-first=David|editor-last=Rollason|editor2-first=Conrad|editor2-last=Leyser|editor3-first=Hannah|editor3-last=Williams|first=David|last=Pratt|chapter=Written Law and the Communication of Authority in Tenth-Century England|isbn=978-2-503-53208-0}} * {{cite journal|first=Levi|last=Roach|title=Law codes and legal norms in later Anglo-Saxon England|journal=Historical Research|publisher=Institute of Historical Research|date=August 2013|volume=86|issue=233|pages=465–486|doi=10.1111/1468-2281.12001}} *{{cite book|first= Levi|last=Roach |title=Æthelred the Unready |url= https://archive.org/details/thelredunready0000roac|publisher=Yale University Press |year=2016|isbn=978-0-300-22972-1}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Nicholas J. |editor-last=Higham|editor2-first=Martin J. |editor2-last=Ryan|first=Martin J. |last=Ryan|title=The Anglo-Saxon World|url=https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonworld0000high |publisher=Yale University Press|year=2013|chapter=Conquest, Reform and the Making of England|isbn=978-0-300-12534-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Scragg|first= Donald|article=Battle of Brunanburh|editors= Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes and Donald Scragg |year=2001|encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Blackwell Publishing|isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}} * {{cite journal|first=Sheila|last=Sharp|title=England, Europe and the Celtic World: King Athelstan's Foreign Policy|journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester|volume=79|number=3|date=Autumn 1997|pages=197–219}} * {{cite book|last=Sharp|first= Sheila|year=2001|chapter=The West Saxon Tradition of Dynastic Marriage|editors= N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill |title= Edward the Elder 899–924|url=https://archive.org/details/edwardelder899920000unse|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-21497-1}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Alfred P. Smyth|last=Smyth|first= Alfred P|year= 1984|title=Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000|url=https://archive.org/details/warlordsholymens0000smyt|publisher= Edward Arnold|isbn=0-7131-6305-4}} * {{cite book|first=Alfred P.|last=Smyth|title=Scandinavian York and Dublin|publisher=Irish Academic Press|year=1987|isbn=0-7165-2365-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Stafford|first= Pauline|article=Ealdorman|authorlink=Pauline Stafford|editors= Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes and Donald Scragg |year=2001|encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Blackwell Publishing|isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Frank Stenton|last=Stenton|first= Frank|year=1971|title=Anglo-Saxon England|url=https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonenglan0000sten|publisher= Oxford University Press|edition=3rd|isbn=978-0-19-280139-5}} * {{cite book|last=Thacker|first= Alan|year=2001|chapter=Dynastic Monasteries and Family Cults|editors= N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill |title=Edward the Elder 899–924|url=https://archive.org/details/edwardelder899920000unse|publisher= Routledge| isbn= 0-415-21497-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia|authorlink=Ann Williams (historian)|last=Williams|first= Ann|title=Ælfflæd queen d. after 920|year=1991|editor-first=Ann|editor-last= Williams|editor2-first= Alfred P. |editor2-last=Smyth|editor3-first= D. P.|editor3-last= Kirby |encyclopedia=A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain|publisher= Seaby|isbn=1-85264-047-2}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Williams|first= Ann|title= Athelstan, king of Wessex 924-39|year=1991|editors=Ann Williams, Alfred P. Smyth and D. P. Kirby |encyclopedia=A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain|publisher= Seaby|isbn=1-85264-047-2}} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Williams|first= Ann|title= Ealdred of Bamburgh|year=1991|editors=Ann Williams, Alfred P. Smyth and D. P. Kirby |encyclopedia=A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain|publisher= Seaby|isbn=1-85264-047-2}} * {{cite book|last=Wood|first= Michael |authorlink=Michael Wood (historian)|year=1983|chapter=The Making of King Aethelstan's Empire: An English Charlemagne?|editor-first= Patrick |editor-last=Wormald |editor2-first=Donald|editor2-last=Bullough|editor3-first=Roger|editor3-last=Collins|title=Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society|url=https://archive.org/details/idealrealityinfr0000unse|publisher= Basil Blackwell|pages=[https://archive.org/details/idealrealityinfr0000unse/page/250 250]–272|isbn= 0-631-12661-9}} * {{cite book|first=Michael|last=Wood|title=In search of England|url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofenglan00mich|publisher=Penguin|year=1999|isbn=0-14-024733-5}} * {{cite book|last=Wood|first= Michael|year=2005|title=In Search of the Dark Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofdarkag0000wood|publisher= BBC Books|isbn=978-0-563-53431-0}} * {{cite book|first=Michael|last=Wood|title=[[Lay Intellectuals in the Carolingian World]]|chapter='Stand strong against the monsters': kingship and learning in the empire of king Æthelstan|editor1-first=Patrick|editor1-last=Wormald|editor2-first=Janet|editor2-last=Nelson|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-83453-7}} * {{cite book|title=[[England and the Continent in the Tenth Century|England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947)]]|publisher=Brepols|year=2010|editor-first=David|editor-last=Rollason|editor2-first=Conrad|editor2-last=Leyser|editor3-first=Hannah|editor3-last=Williams|first=Michael|last=Wood|chapter=A Carolingian Scholar in the Court of King Æthelstan|isbn=978-2-503-53208-0}} * {{cite episode|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b038rkw9|number=3|title=Aethelstan: The First King of England|series=[[King Alfred and the Anglo Saxons]]|first=Michael|last=Wood|publisher=BBC 4 Television|date=20 August 2013}} * {{cite journal|first=D. A. |last=Woodman|journal=Anglo-Saxon England|title='Æthelstan A' and the rhetoric of rule|volume=42|date=December 2013|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9099640&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0263675113000112|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Alex Woolf|last=Woolf|first= Alex |year=2007|title=From Pictland to Alba: 789–1070|url=https://archive.org/details/frompictlandtoal0000wool|publisher= Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1233-8}} * {{cite book|editor-first=Pauline|editor-last=Stafford|title=A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500-c. 1100|first=Alex|last=Woolf|chapter=Scotland|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-42513-8}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Patrick Wormald|last=Wormald|first= Patrick|year=1999|title=The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century|volume= 1|publisher= Blackwell|isbn=0-631-13496-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Patrick|last =Wormald |authorlink=| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Æthelweard [Ethelwerd] (d. 998?)| year = 2004 | url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8918| accessdate=5 May 2013 |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/8918 }} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book|first=Barbara|last=Yorke|authorlink=Barbara Yorke|title=Bishop Æthelwold: His Career and Influence|publisher=The Boydell Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-85115-705-4}} * {{cite book|last=Yorke|first= Barbara|year=2001|chapter=Edward as Ætheling|editors= N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill |title= Edward the Elder 899–924|url=https://archive.org/details/edwardelder899920000unse|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-21497-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Barbara|last =Yorke |authorlink=| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Æthelwold (St Æthelwold, Ethelwold) (904x9–984)| year = 2004 | url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8920?docPos=1 | accessdate= 5 March 2013|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/8920 }} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book|title=Conceptualizing Multilingualism in England, c. 800-C. 1250|editor-first=Elizabeth M. |editor-last=Tyler|publisher=Brepols|year=2011|isbn=978-2-503-52856-4|first=Samantha|last=Zacher|chapter=Multilingualism at the Court of King Æthelstan: Latin Praise Poetry and ''The Battle of Brunanburh''}} {{Refend}} ==علاوه اوخو== *{{cite book|first =Tom|last=Holland|authorlink=Tom Holland (author)|title=Athelstan: The Making of England|url =https://archive.org/details/athelstanmakingo0000holl|publisher=Allen Lane|year=2016|isbn=978-0-241-18781-4}} ==خاریجی لینکلر== {{wikisource author}} {{آمبار بؤلمه|Athelstan of England|Æthelstan}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Æthelstan}} * {{PASE|13909|Æthelstan 18}} * {{In Our Time|Athelstan|b00sv7wd|Athelstan}} * {{cite episode|title=Athelstan|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rr95w|series=The Essay: Anglo-Saxon Portraits|network=BBC|station=Radio 3|date=11 April 2013|credits=Foot, Sarah}} * {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8224000/8224173.stm|title=Viking hoard reveals its story |publisher=BBC Radio 4, Today Programme|date=27 August 2009|first=David|last=Sillito}} (On [[Vale of York Hoard|The Vale of York Hoard]]) {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Wessex]]||c. 893/895|27 October|939}} {{S-reg|}} {{S-bef|before= [[ادوارد پدر]] یا<br>[[الفورد وسکس]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of monarchs of Wessex|King of the Anglo-Saxons]]|years=924–927}} {{s-non|reason=None<br><small>Conquest of the [[Kingdom of York]]</small>}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=Himself<br><small>As King of the Anglo-Saxons</small>}} {{S-ttl|rows=2|title=[[List of English monarchs|King of the English]]|years=927 – 27 October 939}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[بیرینجی ادموند (اینگیلیس)]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Gofraid ua Ímair]]<br><small>As King of York</small>}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Gofraid ua Ímair]]<br><small>As Ruler of Northumbria</small>}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of monarchs of Northumbria|Ruler of Northumbria]]<br><small>as King of the English</small>|years=927 – 27 October 939}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Olaf Guthfrithson]] or [[Amlaíb Cuarán]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Ealdred I of Bamburgh|Ealdred I]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Ruler of Bamburgh]]<br><small>as King of the English</small>|years=c. 933 – 939}} {{S-end}} {{اینگیلیس پادشاهلاری}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Anglo-Saxon monarchs]] [[Category:890s births]] [[بؤلمه:۹۳۹-جو میلادی ایلده اؤلن‌لر]] [[Category:9th-century English people]] [[Category:10th-century English monarchs]] [[بؤلمه:مسیحی شاهلار]] [[Category:Anglo-Saxon warriors]] [[Category:Founding monarchs]] [[Category:House of Wessex]] [[Category:West Saxon monarchs]] [[Category:Mercian monarchs]] [[Category:Northumbrian monarchs]] [[Category:Monarchs of England before 1066]] [[Category:Malmesbury Abbey]] qpqxfbwd57o36o48q1zjix0t8q4uc6k 0 194874 1590605 1560268 2026-07-15T03:23:02Z Atsuner 56074 1590605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = Argentina | Badge = Argentina national football team logo.svg | Badge_size = 150 | FIFA Trigramme = ARG | Nickname = ''La Selección''<br />(The Selection)<br />''La Albiceleste''&hairsp;<ref name=albic>[https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2022/11/16/argentina-albiceleste-colores-orix ¿Por qué llaman a Argentina la Albiceleste? ¿Qué significan sus colores?] on CNN Español, 16 November 2022</ref> <br />(The White and Sky Blue)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grove |first1=Daryl |title=An explanation: 2010 World Cup team nicknames |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-daryl-grove/explanation-2010-world-cup-team-nicknames--soccer.html |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=Dirty Tackle |date=19 June 2010 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301185032/https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-daryl-grove/explanation-2010-world-cup-team-nicknames--soccer.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <br />''La Scaloneta'' <br />(The Scaloneta)<ref>[https://www.eldestapeweb.com/mundial/como-nacio-el-apodo-de-la-scaloneta-el-equipo-de-scaloni-de-argentina-20267315034 Cómo nació el apodo de "La Scaloneta"] on eldestapeweb.com</ref><ref>[https://www.infobae.com/deportes-2/2022/12/19/de-donde-salio-el-nombre-de-la-scaloneta-y-el-rol-de-alejandro-fantino-para-que-se-hiciera-popular/ De dónde salió el nombre de “La Scaloneta”] on infobae.com. 18 Dec 2022</ref> | Association = [[Argentine Football Association|Asociación del Fútbol Argentino]] (AFA) | Confederation = [[CONMEBOL]] (South America) | Coach = [[لیونل اسکالونی]] | Captain = [[لیونل مسی]] | Most caps = Lionel Messi <!-- DO NOT LINK, already linked above --> (205) | Top scorer = Lionel Messi<!-- DO NOT LINK, already linked above --> ([[List of international goals scored by Lionel Messi|125]]) | Home Stadium = [[#Home stadium|''Various'']] | FIFA Rank = {{FIFA World Rankings|ARG}} | FIFA max = 1{{Efn|{{Plainlist| *March 2007 *October 2007 – June 2008 *July 2015 – October 2015 *April 2016 – March 2017 *April 2023 – July 2025 *June 2026 – present }}}} | FIFA min = 24 | FIFA min date = August 1996 | Elo Rank = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Argentina}} | Elo max = 1 | Elo max date = [[World Football Elo Ratings|29 times between 1902 and 2016]] | Elo min = 260 | Elo min date = June 1990 <!-- First Kit --> | pattern_la1 = _arg26h | pattern_b1 = _arg26h | pattern_ra1 = _arg26h | pattern_sh1 = _arg26h2 | pattern_so1 = _arg26h2l | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = ffffff | socks1 = ffffff <!-- Second Kit --> | pattern_la2 = _arg26A | pattern_b2 = _arg26A | pattern_ra2 = _arg26A | pattern_sh2 = _arg26A | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_on_black | leftarm2 = | body2 = | rightarm2 = | shorts2 = | socks2 = | First game = {{Fb|URU}} [[1902 Uruguay v Argentina football match|0–6]] {{fb-rt|ARG|1861}}<br />([[مونته‌ویدئو]], Uruguay<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Geographic places]] for further guidance -->; 20 July 1902){{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="First match">{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/argurures.html |title=Argentina-Uruguay Matches 1902–2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |first=Héctor Darío |last=Pelayes |date=24 September 2010 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105020111/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argurures.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=iffhs /><ref name=nostalgia /><ref name=barnade />}} | Largest win = {{Fb|ARG|1861}} 12–0 {{fb-rt|ECU|1900}}<br /> (Montevideo<!-- DO NOT LINK, already linked above -->, Uruguay<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Geographic places]] for further guidance -->; 22 January 1942) | Largest loss = {{Fb|TCH}} [[Disaster of Sweden|6–1]] {{fb-rt|ARG|1861}}<br />([[Helsingborg]], Sweden<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Geographic places]] for further guidance -->; 15 June 1958),<br />{{Fb|COL}} [[Argentina v Colombia (1994 FIFA World Cup qualification)|5–0]] {{fb-rt|ARG|1861}}<br />([[بوئنوس آیرس]], Argentina<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Geographic places]] for further guidance -->; 5 September 1993)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Looking back at Colombia's historic thrashing of Argentina in 1993 |url=https://thescore.com |access-date=1 July 2026 |website=theScore |language=en}}</ref> <br />{{Fb|BOL}} 6–1 {{fb-rt|ARG|1861}}<br />([[لاپاز]], Bolivia<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Geographic places]] for further guidance -->; 1 April 2009)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historial entre Argentina y Bolivia |url=https://www.afa.com.ar/es/posts/historial-entre-argentina-y-bolivia-|access-date=2 February 2022 |website=Sitio Oficial de la Asociación del Fútbol Argentino |language=es-AR|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202114526/https://www.afa.com.ar/es/posts/historial-entre-argentina-y-bolivia-|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{Fb|SPA}} 6–1 {{fb-rt|ARG}}<br />([[مادرید]], Spain<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Geographic places]] for further guidance -->; 27 March 2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain 6–1 Argentina: Isco scores hat-trick as hosts dismantle Argentina |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12010/11306601/spain-6-1-argentina-isco-scores-hat-trick-as-hosts-dismantle-argentina|access-date=2 February 2022 |website=Sky Sports |language=en|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202114511/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12010/11306601/spain-6-1-argentina-isco-scores-hat-trick-as-hosts-dismantle-argentina|url-status=live}}</ref> | World cup apps = 19 | World cup first = 1930&hairsp; | World cup best = '''Champions''' ([[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]], [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]], [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۲۲]]) | Confederations cup apps = 3 | Confederations cup first = [[1992 King Fahd Cup|1992]]&hairsp; | Confederations cup best = '''Champions''' ([[1992 King Fahd Cup|1992]]) | Regional name = [[Copa América]] | Regional cup apps = 44 | Regional cup first = [[1916 South American Championship|1916]]&hairsp; | Regional cup best = '''Champions''' ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[2021 Copa América|2021]], [[2024 Copa América|2024]]) | 2ndRegional name = [[Panamerican Championship]] | 2ndRegional cup apps = 2 | 2ndRegional cup first = [[1956 Panamerican Championship|1956]]&hairsp; | 2ndRegional cup best = '''Champions''' ([[1960 Panamerican Championship|1960]]) | 3rdRegional name = [[Finalissima|CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions]] | 3rdRegional cup apps = 3 | 3rdRegional cup first = [[1993 Artemio Franchi Cup|1993]]&hairsp; | 3rdRegional cup best = '''Champions''' ([[1993 Artemio Franchi Cup|1993]], [[2022 Finalissima|2022]]) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCompetition|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978 Argentina]]|[[1978 FIFA World Cup squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986 Mexico]]|[[1986 FIFA World Cup squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۲۲]]|[[2022 FIFA World Cup squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930 Uruguay]]|[[1930 FIFA World Cup squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990 Italy]]|[[1990 FIFA World Cup squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۴]]|[[2014 FIFA World Cup squads|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]{{Refn|Argentina's Olympic Silver has equal value to a World Cup runner-up finish. Only the 1924 and 1928 editions are senior world titles equivalent to a World Cup.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Official FIFA World Cup Origin document |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02e_fwc-origin_8816.pdf |website=fifa.com (archive) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405000621/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02e_fwc-origin_8816.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2014 |language=en}}</ref> After the World Cup was established, football at the Olympics became amateur players only,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Football at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1936/FTB/ |website=sports-reference.com (archive) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417041849/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1936/FTB/ |archive-date=17 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA describes each Olympic Football tournament|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/athens2004/news/newsid=92851/index.html |website=fifa.com (archive) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140715174431/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/athens2004/news/newsid=92851/index.html|archive-date=15 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref> like it was prior to 1924. Since the 1992 edition, the tournament was restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the senior national team's record, nor are senior national team caps awarded, it’s part of the [[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argentina U23]].|group=note}}}} {{MedalSilver|[[Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Amsterdam]]|[[Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1992 King Fahd Cup|1992 Saudi Arabia]]|[[1992 King Fahd Cup#Squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1995 King Fahd Cup|1995 Saudi Arabia]]|[[1995 King Fahd Cup#Squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|2005 Germany]]|[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup#Squads|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1921 South American Championship|1921 Argentina]]|[[1921 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1925 South American Championship|1925 Argentina]]|[[1925 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1927 South American Championship|1927 Peru]]|[[1927 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1929 South American Championship|1929 Argentina]]|[[1929 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1937 South American Championship|1937 Argentina]]|[[1937 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1941 South American Championship|1941 Chile]]|[[1941 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1945 South American Championship|1945 Chile]]|[[1945 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1946 South American Championship|1946 Argentina]]|[[1946 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1947 South American Championship|1947 Ecuador]]|[[1947 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1955 South American Championship|1955 Chile]]|[[1955 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1957 South American Championship|1957 Peru]]|[[1957 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 Argentina]]|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina) squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1991 Copa América|1991 Chile]]|[[1991 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1993 Copa América|1993 Ecuador]]|[[1993 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|[[2021 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2024 Copa América|2024 United States]]|[[2024 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1916 South American Championship|1916 Argentina]]|[[1916 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1917 South American Championship|1917 Uruguay]]|[[1917 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1920 South American Championship|1920 Chile]]|[[1920 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1923 South American Championship|1923 Uruguay]]|[[1923 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1924 South American Championship|1924 Uruguay]]|[[1924 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1926 South American Championship|1926 Chile]]|[[1926 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1935 South American Championship|1935 Peru]]|[[1935 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1942 South American Championship|1942 Uruguay]]|[[1942 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 Ecuador]]|[[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador) squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1967 South American Championship|1967 Uruguay]]|[[1967 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2004 Copa América|2004 Peru]]|[[2004 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|[[2007 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2015 Copa América|2015 Chile]]|[[2015 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2016 Copa América|2016 United States]]|[[2016 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[1919 South American Championship|1919 Brazil]]|[[1919 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[1956 South American Championship|1956 Uruguay]]|[[1956 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[1963 South American Championship|1963 Bolivia]]|[[1963 South American Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[1989 Copa América|1989 Brazil]]|[[1989 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2019 Copa América|2019 Brazil]]|[[2019 Copa América squads|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Panamerican Championship]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1960 Panamerican Championship|1960 Costa Rica]]|[[1960 Panamerican Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[1956 Panamerican Championship|1956 Mexico]]|[[1956 Panamerican Championship squads|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Finalissima|CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1993 Artemio Franchi Cup|1993 Argentina]]|Team}} {{MedalGold|[[2022 Finalissima|2022 England]]|Team}} | website = {{URL|https://www.afa.com.ar/es/seleccion-mayor| afa.com.ar/seleccion-mayor}} }} [[فایل:Argentina team in St. Petersburg.jpg|بندانگشتی|سول| آرژانتین میلی تیمی ۲۰۱۸ فیفا دونیا کاپیندا]] '''آرژانتین میلّی فوتبول تیمی''' [[آرژانتین]]‌ین بین الخلق [[فوتبال]] اویونلارینین نوماینده‌سی‌دیر. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{فیفا دونیا کاپی فینالیستلر ۱۹۷۸ |state=collapsed}} {{فیفا دونیا کاپی فینالیستلر ۱۹۹۸ |state=collapsed}} {{فیفا دونیا کاپی فینالیستلر ۲۰۱۸ |state=collapsed}} [[بؤلمه:آرژانتین]] [[بؤلمه:میلّی فوتبال تیملری]] [[بؤلمه:فوتبال]] kgtpuekdpfzioc1685fcj09dzrbdd0x 0 200210 1590682 458991 2026-07-15T08:41:11Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | name=Pedro Aspe | native_name = Pedro Carlos Aspe Armella | native_name_lang = es | image= | office=[[Secretary of Finance and Public Credit]] | term_start= December 1, 1988 | term_end= November 30, 1994<ref name="mx-bios">{{cite book|last=Camp|first=Roderic Ai|authorlink=Roderic Ai Camp|title=Mexican Political Biographies, 1935-1993|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=1995|edition=3rd |isbn= 9780292711815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HzliP-e4qnUC&q=Pedro+Aspe |accessdate=2009-09-30|page=50}}</ref> | president=[[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]] | predecessor=[[Gustavo Petricioli]] | successor= [[Jaime Serra Puche]] | office1 = Secretary of Programming and Budget | president1 = [[Miguel de la Madrid]] | term_start1 = October 5, 1987 | term_end1 = November 30, 1988 | predecessor1 = [[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]] | successor1 = [[Ernesto Zedillo]] | birth_date= {{دوغوم تاریخی و یاش|1950|07|07|df=y}} | birth_place=[[مکزیکو سیتی]], [[مکزیک]]<ref name="mx-bios" /> | death_date= | death_place= | party=[[Revolutionary Institutional Party]] (PRI) <ref name="fce-dict">{{cite book|title=Diccionario biográfico del gobierno mexicano|url=https://archive.org/details/diccionariobiogr0000unse|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|location=Mexico City|year=1992|isbn=968-820-177-4|language=Spanish}}</ref> | religion= | alma_mater=[[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México|ITAM]], [[ماساچوست تکنولوژی انستیتوسو]]<ref name="fce-dict" /> | profession=[[ایقتیصادچی]] }} '''پدرو آسپه''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Pedro Aspe}})، (دوغوم: ۷ جولای ۱۹۵۰ [[مکزیکو سیتی]]) بیر [[مکزیک]]لی [[ایقتیصادچی]]دیر. ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} {{کیمسه-قارالاما}} [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:مکزیکلی ایقتیصادچیلار]] q2vlf9axk98km7n6xkeewmijtoyrmgp 0 249797 1590613 1543307 2026-07-15T06:22:41Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = First English Civil War | partof = the [[اینگیلیس ایچ ساواشی]] | image= Battle of Marston Moor 1644 by John Barker.png | image_size = 300 |caption=''The [[Battle of Marston Moor]]'', by James Barker | date = 1642–1646 | place = [[England and Wales]] | coordinates = | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_caption = | territory = | result = Parliamentarian-Covenanter victory<br/> * <small> [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King]] [[بیرینجی چارلز (اینگیلیس)]] held in custody{{Sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=45. Second Civil War (1648–52)}} * Subsequent power vacuum leads to the political supremacy of the [[New Model Army]]{{Sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=45. Second Civil War (1648–52)}}{{Sfn|Fairfax|General Council of the New Model Army|1647}} * [[Presbyterian]]-[[English Independents|Independent]] tensions results in outbreak of the [[Second English Civil War]]{{Sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=45. Second Civil War (1648–52)}} </small> | combatant1 ={{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[Cavalier|English Royalists]]<br>{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of Scotland.svg|size=22px}} [[Cavalier|Scottish Royalists]] | combatant2 =[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]]<br>[[File:Scottish Covenanter Flag.svg|18px]] [[Covenanter]]s | commander1 = {{Plainlist| *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[بیرینجی چارلز (اینگیلیس)]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[Maurice of the Palatinate|Prince Maurice]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading|Baron of Reading]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[George Goring, Lord Goring|Lord Goring]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton|Sir Ralph Hopton]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[John Byron, 1st Baron Byron|Lord Byron]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Marquess of Newcastle]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of Scotland.svg|size=22px}} [[James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose|Marquis of Montrose]] *{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of Scotland.svg|size=22px}} [[Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Brentford|Earl of Forth]]}} | commander2 ={{Plainlist| *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Sir Thomas Fairfax]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Oliver Cromwell]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester|Earl of Manchester]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex|Earl of Essex]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron|Lord Fairfax]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[William Waller|Sir William Waller]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[John Meldrum|Sir John Meldrum]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet|Sir William Brereton]] *[[File:Flag_of_England.svg|22px]] [[Robert Blake (admiral)|Robert Blake]] *[[File:Scottish Covenanter Flag.svg|18px]] [[Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven|Earl of Leven]] *[[File:Scottish Covenanter Flag.svg|18px]] [[Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll|Marquess of Argyll]] *[[File:Scottish Covenanter Flag.svg|18px]] [[David Leslie (Scottish general)|Sir David Leslie]] *[[File:Scottish Covenanter Flag.svg|18px]] [[William Baillie (soldier)|William Baillie]]}} | strength1 = | strength2 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = }} ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} *{{cite web |ref=harv |editor-last=Carte |editor-first=Alan |year=2012 |url=http://www.devizesheritage.org.uk/battle_of_roundway.html |title=Battle of Roundway Down |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228224818/http://www.devizesheritage.org.uk/battle_of_roundway.html |archivedate=28 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120408064837/http://www.devizesheritage.org.uk/about__contact.html Devizes Heritage] *{{cite book|ref=harv |last=Defoe |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Defoe |year=1759 |title=A military history of Germany: and of England. From the year 1631 to the year 1648. Being the Memoirs of an English gentleman, who served in the army of Gustavus Adolphus; and afterwards in the royal army of King Charles I |publisher=A. Donaldson |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1JlBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA167 167]}} * {{cite web|ref=harv |last=Fairfax |first=Thomas |author2=General Council of the New Model Army |year=1647 |url=http://www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk/ecivil/solemn_engagement.htm |title=Solemn Engagement of the Army. 1647 (annotated) |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309174452/http://www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk/ecivil/solemn_engagement.htm |archivedate=9 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }} *{{cite web |ref=harv |last=Flintham |first=David |date=18 August 2008 |url=http://www.fortified-places.com/london/ |title=Civil War fortifications of London |accessdate=2020-03-04 |archivedate=2009-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116190923/http://www.fortified-places.com/london/ }}, * {{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv |last=Ohlmeyer |first=Jane H. |date=30 March 2017 |title=English Civil Wars |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/English-Civil-Wars |access-date=22 August 2017}} *{{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |last=Orr |first=D. A. |chapter=Lane, Sir Richard (bap. 1584, d. 1650) |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/15996}} {{Subscription required}} *{{cite thesis |last=Rakoczy |first=Lila |title=Archaeology of destruction: a reinterpretation of castle slightings in the English Civil War |publisher=University of York (PhD thesis) |year=2007 |url=http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11092/ |ref=harv}} {{Open access}} *{{cite book|ref=harv |last1=Richardson |first1=Shaun |last2=Dennison |first2=Ed |year=2015 |title=Garden and Other Earthworks, South of Wressle Castle, Wressle, East Yorkshire: Archaeological Survey |publisher=Ed Dennison Archaeological Services and the Castle Studies Trust |format=PDF |url=http://castlestudiestrust.org.uk/docs/Wressle-Castle-Garden-and-Surrounds-Survey-Report-Final.pdf}} {{Open access}} *{{cite book|ref=harv |last=Royal |first=Trevor |year=2006 |origyear=2004 |title=Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660 |url=https://archive.org/details/civilwar0000trev |publisher=Abacus |isbn=978-0-349-11564-1}} *{{cite book|ref=harv |last=Varley |first=Frederick John |year=1932 |title=The Siege of Oxford: An Account of Oxford during the Civil War, 1642–1646 |pages=121–149 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} *{{cite book|ref=harv |last=Zuvich |first=Andrea |date=2015 |chapter=47. The English Civil Wars Changed Everything |title=The Stuarts in 100 Facts |publisher=Amberley Publishing |isbn=978-1-4456-4731-9| pages=~88–89 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2-YgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}} == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> file:Flag_of_England.svg file:Covenanter_Flag.png file:Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper.jpg file:2ndDukeOfSomerset.jpg file:Covenanter and Independent from The Knavery Of The Rump.jpg </gallery> [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیس ایچ ساواشی]] [[بؤلمه:ساواشلار]] [[بؤلمه:بیرینجی اینگیلیس ساواشی]] [[بؤلمه:اۆچ کراللیک ساواش‌لاری]] h0qn8coic3wcdqbuvzx3qy2lcmci7qi 0 249978 1590643 1457660 2026-07-15T07:14:26Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of Longewala | partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | image = Longewala.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = '''Tank tracks at Longewala'''. Photographic reconnaissance image taken at the time showing the desperate last minute manoeuvres by Pakistani tanks in the Longewala sector. Circles show destroyed Pakistani tanks | date = 4–7 December 1971 | place = Longewala ~{{convert|30|km|mi}} from [[Ramgarh, Sikar|Ramgarh]], Rajasthan, India | map_type = India Rajasthan | map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|27.524942|70.156693|type:event|display=inline}} | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = | result = Decisive Indian victory | status = | combatants_header = | combatant1 = {{flag|India|23px}} | combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan|23px}} | commander1 = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|20px]] Brig.E.N.Ramadoss<br>[[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|20px]] Lt.Col Mohammed Khursheed Hussain | commander2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Brig. Gen. Tariq Mir<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Brig. Gen. Jahanzeb Abab <br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Brig. Gen. Syed Mohammad Zaidi<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Lt. Col. Zahir Alam Khan | strength1 = 120 soldiers<ref name="DeRouenHeo2007">{{cite book|author1=Karl R. DeRouen|author2=Uk Heo|title=Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrN077AEgzMC&pg=PA101|year=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-919-1|pages=101–}}</ref><br>4 [[Hawker Hunter]]s<br>1 [[HAL Krishak]]<br>1 Jeep mounted [[M40 recoilless rifle]]<br> [[HAL HF-24 Marut]] | strength2 = 2,000 soldiers<ref name=DeRouen>{{cite book|last=DeRouen|first=Karl R.|title=Civil Wars of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/civilwarsworldma02dero|year=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1851099191|editor=Karl R. DeRouen, Uk Heo|page=[https://archive.org/details/civilwarsworldma02dero/page/596 596]}}</ref><br> 1 [[Motorized infantry|Mobile infantry brigade]]<ref name=Jaques /><br>45 tanks<ref name=Jaques /> | casualties1 = 2 soldiers killed<ref name="Francis">{{cite book|author=Col J Francis (Retd)|title=Short Stories from the History of the Indian Army Since August 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rotnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|date=30 August 2013|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-82652-17-5|pages=93–96}}</ref><br>1 anti-tank destroyed<ref name="Francis"/> | casualties2 = 200 soldiers killed<ref name="Francis"/><br>36 tanks lost<ref name=Jaques /><ref name="Francis"/><br>500+ vehicles destroyed or abandoned<ref name=Jaques>{{cite book|last=Jaques|first=Tony|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbatt0000jaqu|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313335389|page=597}}</ref><ref name="Francis"/> | notes = | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}} }} '''''لانقه‌والا دؤیوشو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Battle of Longewala) [[پاکیستان]] و [[هیندوستان]] قوشونو آراسیندا باش وئرن دؤیوش. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> file:HAL Marut used in the battle of longewala.jpg file:KuldipsinghchandpuriGujjar.jpg </gallery> == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Battle of Longewala|Battle of Longewala]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Battle of Longewala | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{ساواش-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:ساواشلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۱-جی ایلده هیندوستان]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۱-جی ایلده پاکیستان]] d1wppl7nohoe4zd8i378phtj9xppege 0 250178 1590690 1588450 2026-07-15T09:06:44Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Second Sino-Japanese War | partof = the [[ایکینجی دۆنیا ساواش‌سینده ساکیت اوقیانوس جبهه‌سی]] of [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]]{{Efn|From 1941 onward|group=efn}} | image = Second Sino-Japanese War collection.png | image_size = 300px | caption = '''Clockwise from top left''': The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) Special Naval Landing Forces troops in gas masks prepare for an [[شانقهای دؤیوشو]], 1944 [[ایچی-قو عملیاتی]] IJA Type 92 Heavy machine gun, dead victims of the [[نانجینق قتل‌عامی]] on the shore of the [[قینهوای چایی]] with a Japanese soldier standing nearby, Chinese machine gun nest in the [[ووهان دؤیوشو]], Japanese [[Bombing of Chongqing]], [[X Force|the Chinese Expeditionary Force]] in India in 1942 | date = July 7, 1937 – September 2, 1945<br /><small>Minor fighting since [[Mukden Incident|September 18, 1931]]</small><br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=07|day1=07|year1=1937|month2=09|day2=02|year2=1945}}) | place = [[Mainland China]] and [[British rule in Burma|Burma]] | territory = [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] recovered all territories lost to [[ژاپون ایمپیراتورلوغو]] since the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]], but [[Mongolian People's Republic#1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty and Mongolia's independence|lost Outer Mongolia]]. | result = * Chinese victory as part of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] victory in the [[ایکینجی دۆنیا ساواش‌سینده ساکیت اوقیانوس جبهه‌سی]] * Surrender of all Japanese forces in mainland China (excluding [[Manchuria]]), [[Formosa]]/[[تایوان]], the [[Spratly Islands]], the [[Paracel Islands]], and [[فرانسه چین هیندی]] north of [[16th parallel north|16° north]] to the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] after losing territory to China * China was one of the [[Four Policemen|Big Four of the Allies]] and became a permanent member of the [[بیرلشمیش میلتلر گوونلیک شوراسی]] * Resumption of the [[چین ایچ ساواشی]] | combatant1 = {{Plain list| * '''{{Flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–49)|size=30px}}'''<br />{{Small|([[Nationalist Government]] led a Chinese [[Second United Front|united front]] which included [[Kuomintang|Nationalists]], [[Communist Party of China|Communists]], and [[Warlord era|regional warlords]].)}} * ''Foreign support'': ** {{بایراق|شوروی|1936|size=23px}} <small>(1937–41, 1944–45)</small> ** {{بایراق|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|1912|size=23px}} <small>(1941–45)</small> ** {{بایراق|بریتانیا ایمپیراتورلوغو|size=23px}} <small>(1942–45)</small>}} | combatant2 = {{Plain list| * '''{{Flagcountry|Empire of Japan|size=30px}}''' * ''[[Collaborationist Chinese Army|Collaborator support]]'': ** [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|23px|link=]] [[Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China|Reorganized National Government]] <small>(1940–45)</small> ** {{بایراق|مانچوکوئو|size=23px}} <small>(1932–45)</small> ** {{بایراق|Mengjiang|size=23px}} <small>(1939–45)</small> ** {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|1912|size=23px}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)|Provisional Government]] <small>(1937–40)</small> ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|size=23px}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China|Reformed Government]] <small>(1938–40)</small> ** {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|1912|size=23px}} [[East Hebei Autonomous Council|East Hebei]] <small>(1935–38)</small>}} | commander1 = {{Plain list| * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|size=30px}} '''[[Chiang Kai-shek]]''' * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Chen Cheng]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Cheng Qian]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Yan Xishan]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Li Zongren]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Xue Yue]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Bai Chongxi]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Wei Lihuang]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Du Yuming]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Fu Zuoyi]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Sun Liren]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Ma Hongbin]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|size=21px}} [[Long Yun]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg|size=23px}} [[Mao Zedong]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg|size=23px}} [[Zhu De]] * {{Flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)|army|size=23px}} {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg|size=23px}} [[Peng Dehuai]] * {{Flagdeco|United States|1912|size=27px}} [[Joseph Stilwell]] * {{Flagdeco|United States|1912|size=27px}} [[Claire Chennault]] * {{Flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936|size=27px}} [[Vasily Chuikov]]}} | commander2 = {{Plain list| * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|size=30px}} '''[[هیروهیتو]]''' * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Korechika Anami]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Yasuhiko Asaka]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Shunroku Hata]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Seishirō Itagaki]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Prince Kan'in Kotohito|Kotohito Kan'in]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Iwane Matsui]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Toshizō Nishio]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Yasuji Okamura]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Hajime Sugiyama]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Hideki Tōjō]] * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} [[Yoshijirō Umezu]] * {{Flagdeco|Manchukuo|size=23px}} [[پویی]] * [[File:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg|25px|link=]] [[Demchugdongrub]] * [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|25px|link=]] [[Wang Jingwei]] * [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|25px|link=]] [[Chen Gongbo]]}} | strength1 = {{Plain list| * {{Flagicon image|Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg}} '''Chinese Nationalists''' (including [[Warlord era|regional warlords]]): ** 1,700,000 (1937)<ref>[http://ww2-weapons.com/chinese-nationalist-army/ The Chinese Nationalist Army, ww2-weapons.com] Retrieved 11 March 2016</ref> ** 2,600,000 (1939)<ref name="Hsiung 171">Hsiung, ''China's Bitter Victory'', p. 171</ref> ** 5,700,000 (1945)<ref name="Horner2003">{{cite book|author=David Murray Horner|title=The Second World War: The Pacific|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DShPzguQ64UC&pg=PA14|accessdate=March 6, 2011|date=July 24, 2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-96845-4|pages=14–15}}</ref> * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} '''Chinese Communists''': ** 40,000 (1937)<ref name="China's Bitter Victory">{{cite book | language = en | author = Hsiung | coauthors = | title = China's Bitter Victory | url =https://archive.org/details/chinasbittervict0000unse| date = 1992 | location = | publisher = Routledge | id = | isbn = 978-1563242465 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/chinasbittervict0000unse/page/79 79] }}</ref> ** 166,700 (1938)<ref name="八路军·表册">{{cite book | language = zh | author = 中国人民解放军历史资料丛书编审委员会 | coauthors = | title = 八路军·表册 | url = | date = 1994 | location = | publisher = 解放军出版社 | id = | isbn = 978-7-5065-2290-8 | pages = 第3页 }}</ref> ** 488,744 (1940)<ref>丁星，《新四军初期的四个支队——新四军组织沿革简介(2)》【J】，铁军，2007年第2期，38–40页</ref> ** 1,200,000 (1945)<ref name="Hsiung">{{cite book |title = China's Bitter Victory: The War With Japan, 1937–1945 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3Yt6TTRdUzwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher = M.E. Sharpe publishing |author = Hsiung, James C. |year = 1992 |location = New York |isbn = 1-56324-246-X}}</ref>}} | strength2 = {{Plain list| * {{Flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army|size=23px}} '''Japanese''': ** 600,000 (1937)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Jeremy|title=Avoiding Armageddon: From the Great Wall to the Fall of France, 1918–40|url=https://archive.org/details/avoidingarmagedd0000blac|date=2012|isbn=978-1-4411-2387-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/avoidingarmagedd0000blac/page/171 171]}}</ref> ** 1,015,000 (1939)<ref name= "RKKA General Staff">[http://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/fond/issues-doc/1001032 RKKA General Staff, 1939]. Retrieved 17 April 2016</ref> ** 1,124,900 (1945)<ref>[http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/530e35f7e2ae7707ca2571e3001a112d/e7daa03b9084ad56ca257209000a85f7?OpenDocument Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1964] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311073745/http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/530e35f7e2ae7707ca2571e3001a112d/e7daa03b9084ad56ca257209000a85f7?OpenDocument |date=2016-03-11 }} Retrieved 11 March 2016</ref> (excluding Manchuria and [[برمه کمپینی]]) * {{Flagdeco|Manchukuo|size=23px}}{{Flagdeco|Mengjiang|size=23px}}[[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|23px|link=]] ''' Puppet states and collaborators''': 900,000 (1945){{Sfn|Jowett|page=72}}}} | casualties1 = {{Plain list| * '''Chinese Nationalists''': ** ''Official ROC data'': *** 1,320,000 killed *** 1,797,000 wounded *** 120,000 missing *** Total: 3,237,000<ref name=Hsu>Hsu Long-hsuen "History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)" Taipei 1972</ref><ref name=Clodfelter>Clodfelter, Michael "Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference", Vol. 2, pp. 956. Includes civilians who died due to famine and other environmental disasters caused by the war. Only includes the 'regular' Chinese army; does NOT include guerrillas and does not include Chinese casualties in Manchuria or Burma.</ref> ** ''Other estimates'': *** 1,319,000–4,000,000+ military dead and missing *** 500,000 captured<ref name="Rummel, Table 6A">{{cite web|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.TAB6.A.GIF|title=Rummel, Table 6A.|author=|date=|website=hawaii.edu}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">[[R. J. Rummel]]. ''China's Bloody Century''. Transaction 1991 {{ISBN|0-88738-417-X}}.</ref> * Total: 3,211,000–10,000,000+ military casualties<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="Rummel, Table 5A">[https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.TAB5.A.GIF Rummel, Table 5A.] Retrieved 5 October 2015.</ref> * '''Chinese Communists''': ** ''Official PRC data'': *** 160,603 military dead *** 290,467 wounded *** 87,208 missing *** 45,989 POWs *** Total: 584,267 military casualties<ref>Meng Guoxiang & Zhang Qinyuan, 1995. "关于抗日战争中我国军民伤亡数字问题".</ref> ** ''Other estimates'': *** 446,740 total<ref name="Rummel, Table 5A"/> * '''Total''': ** 3,800,000–10,600,000+ military casualties after July 1937 (excluding Manchuria and [[برمه کمپینی]]) ** more than 1,000,000 captured<ref name="Rummel, Table 6A"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> ** 266,800–1,000,000 POWs dead<ref name="Rummel, Table 6A"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} | casualties2 = {{Plain list| * '''Japanese''': ** ''Japanese medical data'': *** 455,700<ref>[http://www.zephyr.dti.ne.jp/~kj8899/chidorigafuchi.jpg Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery] Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref>–700,000 military dead<ref name="Yomiuri Shimbun">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKodAQAAMAAJ&q=%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%81+%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5%E3%80%81%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%8A%E5%A4%96%E3%81%AE%E8%98%86%E6%BA%9D%E6%A9%8B%E3%81%A7%E9%9F%BF%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E5%8D%81%E6%95%B0%E7%99%BA%E3%81%AE%E9%8A%83%E5%A3%B0%E3%82%92%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A3%E6%88%A6%E6%AD%BB%E8%80%85%E3%80%81%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%87&dq=%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%81+%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5%E3%80%81%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%8A%E5%A4%96%E3%81%AE%E8%98%86%E6%BA%9D%E6%A9%8B%E3%81%A7%E9%9F%BF%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E5%8D%81%E6%95%B0%E7%99%BA%E3%81%AE%E9%8A%83%E5%A3%B0%E3%82%92%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A3%E6%88%A6%E6%AD%BB%E8%80%85%E3%80%81%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%87&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjSho6Y4cXRAhXL4iYKHR-LBA8Q6AEIHDAA|title=戦争: 中国侵略（War: Invasion of China）|publisher=読売新聞社|language=Japanese|pages=186|accessdate=15 January 2017}}</ref>{{Efn|This number does not include Japanese killed by Chinese forces in the Burma campaign and does not include Japanese killed in Manchuria.}} *** 1,934,820 wounded and missing<ref>He Yingqin, "Eight Year Sino-Japanese War"</ref> *** 22,293+ captured{{Efn|Excluding more than 1 million who were disarmed following the surrender of Japan}} *** Total: 2,500,000+ military casualties (1937 to 1945 excluding Manchuria and [[برمه کمپینی]]) ** ''ROC estimate'': *** 1.77 million dead *** 1.9 million wounded *** Total: 3,670,000{{Sfn|Hsu|page=565}} ** ''2007 PRC studies'': *** 1,055,000 dead *** 1,172,200 wounded *** Total: 2,227,200<ref name="Press">Liu Feng, (2007). "血祭太阳旗: 百万侵华日军亡命实录". Central Compilation and Translation Press. {{ISBN|978-7-80109-030-0}}. ''Note'': This Chinese publication analyses statistics provided by Japanese publications.</ref> * '''Puppet states and collaborators''': ** 288,140–574,560 dead ** 742,000 wounded ** Middle estimate: 960,000 dead and wounded<ref>[[R. J. Rummel]]. ''China's Bloody Century''. Transaction 1991 {{ISBN|0-88738-417-X}}. Table 5A</ref><ref>[https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.TAB5.A.GIF] Retrieved 28 September 2015.</ref> * '''Total''': * c. 3,000,000 – 5,000,000 military casualties after July 1937 (excluding Manchuria and [[برمه کمپینی]]){{Efn|Including casualties of Japanese puppet forces. The combined toll is most likely around 3,500,000: 2.5 million Japanese, per their own records, and 1,000,000 collaborators.}}}} | casualties3 = '''Chinese civilian deaths''':<br />17,000,000–22,000,000<ref name=Clodfelter /> | notes = {{Notelist}} | campaignbox = {{WWIITheatre}} }} ''چین-ژاپون ساواشی''' — ۱۹۳۷–۱۹۴۵-جی ایللر آراسی چین و ژاپون آراسیندا باش وئرمیش موناقیشه. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> file:WW2 Documentary 二戰紀錄片Part 1 of 7.ogg file:Mukden 1931 japan shenyang.jpg file:Jiangjieshi-declare.jpg file:Shanghai1937KMT machine gun nest.jpg file:Photo 07 (The "Shame" Album).jpg file:Second Sino-Japanese War WW2.png file:Situation at the End of World War Two.PNG file:Chiang Kai-shek in full uniform.jpeg file:Taierzhuang.jpg file:Chinese soldiers 1939.jpg file:Zhu De with NRA Emblem.jpg file:Chiang Kai Shek and wife with Lieutenant General Stilwell.jpg file:Address by Madame Chiang to Congress - DPLA - 2dcc89311d49a99488ab448a1a9f7e6a.mp3 file:United China Relief1.jpg file:Cairo conference.jpg file:Soviet volunteer.jpg file:ClaireChennault.jpeg file:Flying Tigers blood chit from ROC National Government, provided courtesy of Robert Baldwin.jpg file:FreeThaiinChina.jpg file:Flying Tigers Bite Back.ogg file:Ma Jia Jun.jpg file:Ma Jia Jun Chinese muslim cavalry between 1929 and 1949.jpg file:Japanese Surrender China 1945.jpg file:Liuchow 1945.jpg file:重慶會談 蔣介石與毛澤東.jpg file:AntijapaneseWarMemorialMuseum.jpg file:Taiwan Strait.png file:Casualties of a mass panic - Chungking, China.jpg file:Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces in Battle of Shanghai 1937.jpg file:Chinese infantry soldier preparing a suicide vest of Model 24 hand grenades at the Battle of Taierzhuang against Japanese Tanks.jpg </gallery> {{ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی}} [[بؤلمه:ساواشلار]] [[بؤلمه:چین-ژاپون ساواشی (۱۹۳۷—۱۹۴۵)]] [[بؤلمه:ژاپونون ساواش‌لاری]] [[بؤلمه:تایوانین دؤیوشولری]] pucty6wnz5yjnvz848zlqlic15df9z7 0 250315 1590735 1459959 2026-07-15T10:46:09Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict |conflict =Battle of Nanking |partof =the [[چین-ژاپون ساواشی (۱۹۳۷—۱۹۴۵)]] |image =Zhongshan Gate.png |image_size =290px |caption =Japanese soldiers stand atop the ruins of Nanking's Zhongshan Gate on December 13 with [[Purple Mountain|Zijinshan]] in the background. |date =December 1–13, 1937 |place =[[Nanjing|Nanking]] and surrounding areas |result =Japanese victory *Fall of Nanking *[[نانجینق قتل عامی]] |combatants_header = |combatant1 ={{flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–1949)|23px}}<br/>''Supported by:''<br/>{{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}<ref name="doomed">{{cite book|last=Hamsen|first=Peter|title=Nanjing 1937: Battle for a Doomed City |url=https://archive.org/details/nanjing1937battl0000harm|year=2015|publisher=[[Casemate Publishers]]}}</ref> |combatant2 ={{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|23px}} |commander1 ={{flagicon|Republic of China (1912–1949)|army}} [[Tang Shengzhi]] |commander2 ={{flagicon|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Iwane Matsui]] |units1 =Nanking Garrison Force<br/>[[Soviet Volunteer Group]]<ref name="doomed"/> |units2 =[[Japanese Central China Area Army|Central China Area Army]] |strength1 =100,000<ref name="echo">Ikuhiko Hata, "The Nanking Atrocities: Fact and Fable," ''Japan Echo'', August 1998, 51.</ref> |strength2 =200,000 |casualties1 ='''Chinese estimate''': 6,000–10,000 killed and wounded '''Japanese source''': 50,000–70,000 killed<ref name="echo"/><ref name="Michael Richard Gibson 1985">Michael Richard Gibson, ''Chiang Kai-shek’s Central Army, 1924–1938'' (Washington DC: George Washington University, 1985), 388.</ref> |casualties2 ={{Plainlist| *1,953 killed in battle *4,994 wounded<ref name="Masahiro Yamamoto 2000">Masahiro Yamamoto, ''Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity'' (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2000), 118. Yamamoto cites Masao Terada, planning chief of Japan's 10th Army.</ref>}} |campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Second Sino-Japanese War}} }} '''''نانجینق دؤیوشو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Battle of Nanking) [[ژاپون ایمپیراتورلوغو]] و قوْنشو اؤلکه‌سی قوشونو آراسیندا باش وئرن دؤیوش.[[چین-ژاپون ساواشی (۱۹۳۷—۱۹۴۵)]]نین بیر قیسمی‌دیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> file:Iwane Matsui 01.jpg file:Tang Shengzhi.jpg file:Nankinginfant2.jpg file:Carrying guns and wheels01.jpg file:Battle of China Nanking.webm file:Crossing river by Gate of China01.jpg file:Zhongshan Road.jpg file:Memorial Ceremony Hasegawa Matsui Asaka Yanagawa Nanking 18-Dec-1937.png file:Check of Chinese soldiers in Nanking01.jpg file:Play with toy tanks01.jpg file:Nanking victory parade.webm file:Nanking celebrations.png </gallery> == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Battle of Nanking|Battle of Nanking]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Battle of Nanking | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{ساواش-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:ساواشلار]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۳۷-جی ایلده چین]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۳۷-جی ایلده ژاپون]] ii60wy13ivlb6qx21zno3uwphen3jl2 0 256105 1590612 1406896 2026-07-15T06:22:16Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict| conflict=Ottoman–Hungarian Wars |image= Dugovics.jpg |caption= Hungarian defenders in [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|Belgrade (1456)]] part of the [[Ottoman Wars in Europe]]|date=1366–1526<ref>The Kingdom ceased to exist as a ''de facto'' sovereign country after Mohacs but the Habsburg rulers remained the legitimate sovereign Kings of Hungary after the Diet of Bratislava</ref>| place=[[اورتا اوروپا]] ([[ماجاریستان شاهلیغی]]), [[دوغو اوروپا]] ([[بوغدان پرنسلیغی]]), [[بالکان]] ([[بولغاریستان]], [[کوزووو]], [[صربیستان]], and [[والاچیا]]) | result=[[موهاچ دؤیوشو (۱۵۲۶)]], Hungarian Kingdom partitioned, [[عوثمانلی و هابسبورق ساواشلاری]]| strength1= c. 200,000<ref name="Grant122">{{cite book|last=Grant|first=R.G.|title=Battle a Visual Journey Through 5000 Years of Combat|url=https://archive.org/details/battlevisualjour0000gran_n9g7|location=London|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|year=2005|pages=122}} The Hungarians, with Vlad the Impaler had some 250,000 men whilst at Mohacs there was roughly 250,000 men</ref>&ndash;60,000<ref>In 1521, The Hungarian Royal army had an initial strength of 250,000</ref>| strength2= Capable of raising 100,000 men| combatant1={{Plainlist| *[[File:Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg|35x24px]] [[ماجاریستان شاهلیغی]] **[[File:Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg|30x20px]] [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]] *[[Image:Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg|22px]] [[لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی]] *{{بایراق|والاچیا}} *{{بایراق|بوغدان پرنسلیغی}} *[[File:Coat of arms of the Serbian Despotate.svg|30x20px]] [[Serbian Despotate]]}} |commander1={{Plainlist| *[[File:Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg|35x24px]] [[Kings of Hungary]] *{{بایراقچه|والاچیا}} [[Voivode|Voivodes of Wallachia]] *{{بایراقچه|بوغدان پرنسلیغی}} [[Voivode|Voivodes of Moldavia]] *[[File:Coat of arms of the Serbian Despotate.svg|30x20px]] [[Despot (court title)|Despotes of Serbia]]}} |commander2=[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg|27x17px]] [[Ottoman Sultans]]| combatant2=[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg|27x17px]] [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]]}} عوثمانلی و ماجاریستان آراسیندا باش وئرن دؤیوشلر. [[اورتا اوروپا]] ([[ماجاریستان شاهلیغی]]), [[دوغو اوروپا]] ([[بوغدان پرنسلیغی]]), [[بالکان]] [[بولغاریستان]], [[کوزووو]] و [[صربیستان]] یئرینده اوز وئرمیش‌دیر.بۇ وۇروشون سوْنو عوثمانلی غلبه‌سیله بیتمیش‌دیر. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> file:1396-Battle of Nicopolis.jpg file:Battle of Varna 1444.PNG file:Battle of Nandorfehervar.jpg file:The wars of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458-1490).png file:Kenyérmezői csata.jpg file:El descubrimiento del cuerpo del rey Luis II, por Bertalan Székely.jpg file:Johann Peter Krafft 005.jpg file:Székely, Bertalan - The Women of Eger - Google Art Project.jpg </gallery> [[بؤلمه:ماجاریستان شاهلیغی]] [[بؤلمه:عوثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغونون ساواش‌لاری]] [[بؤلمه:ماجاریستانین ساواش‌لاری]] av7vch70qjv9jlal410tkqbtssfjsvq 0 298754 1590753 1587518 2026-07-15T11:23:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited | logo = [[File:Jardine Matheson Holdings logo.svg|125px]] | image = [[File:Jardine House-2.jpg|frameless|350x350px]] | type = Public company | foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1 July 1832}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Thistle and the Jade|url=https://archive.org/details/thistlejadeceleb0000unse|last=Keswick|first=Maggie|publisher=Frances Lincoln Limited|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7112-2830-6|location=Hong Kong|pages=[https://archive.org/details/thistlejadeceleb0000unse/page/11 11]|quote=the Scots firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co., which, taking root beside the jade on 1 July 1832, has flourished there ever since.}}</ref> | founder = {{ubl |[[William Jardine (merchant)|William Jardine]] |[[James Matheson]]}} | location = 48/F [[Jardine House]], Hong Kong | key_people = {{ubl |[[Henry Keswick (businessman)|Sir Henry Keswick]] (chairman)|[[Keswick family#Ben Keswick|Ben Keswick]] ([[Chief executive officer|MD]])|[[Keswick family#Adam Keswick|Adam Keswick]] ([[Chief executive officer|DMD]])}} | area_served = Worldwide | industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]] | subsid = {{collapsible list| * Jardine Pacific * [[Jardine Motors Group|Jardine Motors]] * [[Jardine Lloyd Thompson]] * [[Jardine Strategic Holdings]] * [[Jardine Cycle & Carriage Limited|Jardine Cycle & Carriage]] * [[Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group]] * [[هونق کونق لند]] * [[Dairy Farm International Holdings|Dairy Farm]]}} | products = {{ubl |Retail |Real Estate |[[Financial services]] |Shipping and aviation |Construction |Auto & truck parts |Hotels}} | revenue = {{increase}} US$39.5&nbsp;billion (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jardines.com/assets/files/Investors/Reports/matheson/jm-ar2017.pdf|title=Jardine Matheson Annual Report 2017|website=Jardines|dead-url=|access-date=7 September 2018|accessdate=2018-12-23|archivedate=2019-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129093615/https://www.jardines.com/assets/files/Investors/Reports/matheson/jm-ar2017.pdf}}</ref> | homepage = {{URL|jardines.com}} }} '''جاردین ماتسون''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]: Jardine Matheson) سهامی عام و یا [[خالقا آچیق شیرکت]]دیر. بۇ شیرکت [[کونقلومرات]] ساحه‌سینده فعالیّت گؤستریر. شیرکت [[James Matheson]] طرفیندن قۇرولموش‌دور. == گؤرونتولر == <gallery> File:WilliamJardine&JamesMatheson.jpg| File:1846ViewFromCausewayBayOfJardinesBuilding.jpg|[[Causeway Bay]] File:HK Central Jardine House C1.JPG|[[Jardine House]] </gallery> == قایناق‌لار == {{قایناق}} اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«[[:en:Jardine Matheson|Jardine Matheson]]»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۰ دسامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر). {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Jardine Matheson | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{شیرکت-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:شیرکت‌لر]] hsutlo47xb15lab6oouo2idlz4pi8we 0 325222 1590630 1587944 2026-07-15T06:45:06Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Kwesi Appiah | image = 20150331 Mali vs Ghana 243.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Appiah playing for [[Ghana national football team|Ghana]] in 2015 | fullname = Kwesi Appiah<ref name="List of Players under Written Contract Registered Between 01/02/2014 and 28/02/2014">{{cite web | title = List of Players under Written Contract Registered Between 01/02/2014 and 28/02/2014 | url = http://www.thefa.com/~/media/files/thefaportal/governance-docs/registrations/february-2014.ashx | publisher = The Football Association | format = PDF | page = 10 | accessdate = 6 April 2014}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Thamesmead]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}} | position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]] | currentclub = [[AFC Wimbledon]] | clubnumber = 9 | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2008 | youthclubs1 = [[Ebbsfleet United F.C.|Ebbsfleet United]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Ebbsfleet United F.C.|Ebbsfleet United]] |caps1 = 3 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2008–2010 | clubs2 = [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] |caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2009 | clubs3 = → [[Weymouth F.C.|Weymouth]] (loan) |caps3 = 4 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2009 | clubs4 = → [[King's Lynn F.C.|King's Lynn]] (loan) |caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2010 | clubs5 = → [[Kettering Town F.C.|Kettering Town]] (loan) |caps5 = 15 | goals5 = 2 | years6 = 2010 | clubs6 = [[Brackley Town F.C.|Brackley Town]] |caps6 =? | goals6 =? | years7 = 2010 | clubs7 = [[Thurrock F.C.|Thurrock]] |caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2011–2012 | clubs8 = [[Margate F.C.|Margate]] |caps8 = 24 | goals8 = 22 | years9 = 2012–2017 | clubs9 = [[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] |caps9 = 6 | goals9 = 0 | years10 = 2012 | clubs10 = → [[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) |caps10 = 2 | goals10 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2015– | nationalteam1 = [[Ghana national football team|Ghana]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | years11 = 2013 | clubs11 = → [[یئوویل تاون فوتبال کولوبو|یئوویل تاون]] (loan) |caps11 = 5 | goals11 = 0 | years12 = 2013 | clubs12 = → [[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) |caps12 = 14 | goals12 = 10 | years13 = 2014 | clubs13 = → [[نوتس کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوتس کانتی]] (loan) |caps13 = 7 | goals13 = 0 | years14 = 2014 | clubs14 = → [[AFC Wimbledon]] (loan) |caps14 = 7 | goals14 = 3 | years15 = 2014–2015 | clubs15 = → [[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) |caps15 = 19 | goals15 = 6 | years16 = 2015 | clubs16 = → [[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] (loan) |caps16 = 6 | goals16 = 1 | years17 = 2017 | clubs17 = → [[وایکینق فوتبال کولوبو|وایکینق]] (loan) |caps17 = 12 | goals17 = 3 | years18 = 2017– | clubs18 = [[AFC Wimbledon]] |caps18 = 34 | goals18 = 6 | club-update = 13:00, 29 December 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 4 October 2015 }} '''کویسی اپیاه''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Kwesi Appiah) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1990|8|12|df=y}} [[تمزمید]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[غنا]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[Football League Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other<ref group=lower-alpha>Includes appearances in [[FA Trophy]] and [[EFL Trophy]] games.</ref> !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Ebbsfleet United F.C.|Ebbsfleet United]] |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/68 68]–69}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |3||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3||1 |- |rowspan=3|[[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] |[[2008–09 Peterborough United F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49560|2008|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |[[Football League One|League One]] |0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2009–10 Peterborough United F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49560|2009|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=2|—!!0!!0 |- |[[Weymouth F.C.|Weymouth]] (loan) |[[2008–09 Weymouth F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |pages=408–409}}</ref> |rowspan=2|Conference Premier |4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[Kettering Town F.C.|Kettering Town]] (loan) |[[2009–10 Kettering Town F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2010 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-68-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/106 106]–107 }}</ref> |15||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||15||2 |- |[[Thurrock F.C.|Thurrock]] |[[2010–11 Football Conference#Conference South|2010–11]]<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=K. Appiah |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/kwesi-appiah/113040/ |work=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=21 April 2016}}</ref> |[[Conference South]] |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[Margate F.C.|Margate]] |[[2011–12 Isthmian League#Premier Division|2011–12]]<ref name="Appearances 2011/12">{{cite web |url=http://www.margate-fc.com/content/1st_team/stats/apps.php?season=105 |title=Appearances 2011/12 |publisher=Margate F.C. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112101101/http://www.margate-fc.com/content/1st_team/stats/apps.php?season=105 |archivedate=12 November 2012}}</ref> |[[Isthmian League]] Premier Division |24||22|| || ||colspan=2|—|| || ||24||22 |- |rowspan=6|[[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] |[[2011–12 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49560|2011|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |rowspan=2|Championship |4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[2012–13 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="2012/2013">{{soccerbase season|49560|2012|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |2||0||1||0||2||0||0||0||5||0 |- |[[2013–14 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="2013/2014">{{soccerbase season|49560|2013|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |rowspan=3|[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[2014–15 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="2014/2015">{{soccerbase season|49560|2014|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2015–16 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49560|2015|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !6!!0!!1!!0!!3!!0!!0!!0!!10!!0 |- |[[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) |[[2012–13 Aldershot Town F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="2012/2013"/> |[[Football League Two|League Two]] |2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- |[[یئوویل تاون فوتبال کولوبو|یئوویل تاون]] (loan) |[[2012–13 Yeovil Town F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="2012/2013"/> |League One |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) |[[2013–14 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2013–14]]<ref name=SW/> |Conference Premier |14||10||4||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||19||10 |- |[[نوتس کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوتس کانتی]] (loan) |[[2013–14 Notts County F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="2013/2014"/> |League One |7||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7||0 |- |[[AFC Wimbledon]] (loan) |[[2013–14 AFC Wimbledon season|2013–14]]<ref name="2013/2014"/> |rowspan=2|League Two |7||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||7||3 |- |Cambridge United (loan) |[[2014–15 Cambridge United F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="2014/2015"/> |19||6||3||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||23||8 |- |[[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] (loan) |[[2014–15 Reading F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="2014/2015"/> |Championship |6||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||1 |- |[[وایکینق فوتبال کولوبو|وایکینق]] (loan) |[[2017 Viking FK season|2017]] |[[Eliteserien (football)|Eliteserien]] |12||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||12||3 |- |rowspan=3|[[AFC Wimbledon]] |[[2017–18 AFC Wimbledon season|2017–18]] |rowspan=2|League One |14||3||0||0||1||0||1||0||16||3 |- |[[2018–19 AFC Wimbledon season|2018–19]] |22||4||3||2||2||0||2||1||29||7 |- !colspan=2|Total !43!!10!!3!!2!!3!!0!!3!!1!!52!!13 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !159!!55!!11!!4!!7!!0!!4!!1!!181!!60 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Kwesi Appiah | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۰-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:تمزمید دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:پیتربورو یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ویموث کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:تاروک کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:کریستال پالاس کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:آلدرشات تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یئوویل تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:کمبریج یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:نوتس کانتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ای‌اف‌سی ویمبلدون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ردینق کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۵ آفریقا میلتلر کاپی اویونچولاری]] fczks3ppzkvi3lyfudrese4km7yjebu 0 325489 1590669 1552927 2026-07-15T08:10:30Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alex McCarthy | image = Alex McCarthy (27740613413) c.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = McCarthy playing for [[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] in 2016 | fullname = Alex Simon McCarthy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=15 February 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|12|3|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n263 262]}}</ref> | birth_place = [[قیلدفورد]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=4}}<ref name=Hugman1011/> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] | clubnumber = 1 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[ویمبلدون فوتبال کولوبو|ویمبلدون]] | youthyears2 = {{0|0000}}–2006 | youthclubs2 = [[Wycombe Wanderers F.C.|Wycombe Wanderers]] | youthyears3 = 2006–2007 | youthclubs3 = [[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] | years1 = 2007–2014 | clubs1 = [[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] | caps1 = 70 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2007 | clubs2 = → [[Woking F.C.|Woking]] (loan) | caps2 = 1 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2008 | clubs3 = → [[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2008 | clubs4 = → [[Team Bath F.C.|Team Bath]] (loan) | caps4 = 2 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2009 | clubs5 = → [[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) | caps5 = 4 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2009–2010 | clubs6 = → [[یئوویل تاون فوتبال کولوبو|یئوویل تاون]] (loan) | caps6 = 44 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2010 | clubs7 = → [[برنتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|برنتفورد]] (loan) | caps7 = 3 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2011–2012 | clubs8 = → [[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] (loan) | caps8 = 6 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2012 | clubs9 = → [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] (loan) | caps9 = 10 | goals9 = 0 | years10 = 2014–2015 | clubs10 = [[کویینز پارک رنجرز فوتبال کولوبو|کویینز پارک رنجرز]] | caps10 = 3 | goals10 = 0 | years11 = 2015–2016 | clubs11 = [[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] | caps11 = 7 | goals11 = 0 | years12 = 2016– | clubs12 = [[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] | caps12 = 34 | goals12 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2010–2011 | nationalteam1 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2018– | nationalteam2 = [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] | nationalcaps2 = 1 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | club-update = 00:58, 10 December 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 00:58, 10 December 2018 (UTC) }} '''آلکس مک‌کارتی''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Alex McCarthy) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1989|12|3|df=y}} [[قیلدفورد]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[قولر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=8|[[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] |[[2007–08 Reading F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{soccerbase season|48930|2007|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2008–09 Reading F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{soccerbase season|48930|2008|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2010–11 Reading F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{soccerbase season|48930|2010|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |Championship |13||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||15||0 |- |[[2011–12 Reading F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{soccerbase season|48930|2011|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |Championship |0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[2012–13 Reading F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{soccerbase season|48930|2012|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |Premier League |13||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||14||0 |- |[[2013–14 Reading F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{soccerbase season|48930|2013|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |Championship |44||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||44||0 |- |[[2014–15 Reading F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|48930|2014|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |Championship |0||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !70||0||2||0||3||0||0||0||75||0 |- |[[Woking F.C.|Woking]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Woking F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/154 154]–155}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Cambridge United F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |pages=48–49}}</ref> |Conference Premier |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[Team Bath F.C.|Team Bath]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference South|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Super-sub Benison sinks Salisbury |url=http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/teambath-fa-cup-round/story-11318683-detail/story.html |newspaper=Bath Chronicle |date=25 October 2008 |accessdate=11 October 2016 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br />{{cite web |title=Team Bath 0–2 Maidenhead United |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/team-bath-vs-maidenhead/7245 |publisher=Sky Sports |accessdate=11 October 2016 }}<br />{{cite news |title=TeamBath out of FA Cup |url=http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/teambath-bidding-host-league-club/story-11318743-detail/story.html |newspaper=Bath Chronicle |date=9 November 2008 |accessdate=11 October 2016 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br />{{cite news |title=TeamBath suffer second home defeat of campaign |url=http://www.sportfocus.com/newspub/story.cfm?ID=31138 |publisher=SportFocus |date=15 November 2008 |accessdate=11 October 2016 |archivedate=2018-10-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009052944/http://www.sportfocus.com/newspub/story.cfm?ID=31138 }}</ref> |[[National League South|Conference South]] |2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Aldershot Town F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[یئوویل تاون فوتبال کولوبو|یئوویل تاون]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Yeovil Town F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{soccerbase season|48930|2009|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |44||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||45||0 |- |[[برنتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|برنتفورد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2010–11 Brentford F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011/> |League One |3||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3||0 |- |[[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2011–12 Leeds United F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112/> |Championship |6||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||0 |- |[[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] (بوْرچ) |[[2011–12 Ipswich Town F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112/> |Championship |10||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||10||0 |- |[[کویینز پارک رنجرز فوتبال کولوبو|کویینز پارک رنجرز]] |[[2014–15 Queens Park Rangers F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415/> |Premier League |3||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] |[[2015–16 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|48930|2015|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> |Premier League |7||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||7||0 |- |rowspan=4|[[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] |[[2016–17 Southampton F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|48930|2016|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref> |Premier League |0||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||2||0 |- |[[2017–18 Southampton F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{soccerbase season|48930|2017|accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref> |Premier League |18||0||5||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |[[2018–19 Southampton F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|48930|2018|accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |24||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||24||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !42||0||5||0||2||0||0||0||47||0 |- |rowspan=3|[[Southampton F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Southampton U23/U21]] |2016–17<ref name=sb1617/> |colspan=3|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|name=EFLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy]]}}||0||1||0 |- |2017–18<ref name=sb1718/> |colspan=3|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|name=EFLT}}||0||3||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0||4||0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !193||0||10||0||6||0||4||0||213||0 |} {{notelist}} {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |[[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] |2018||1||0 |- !colspan=2|Total||1||0 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Alex McCarthy | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] ezwvv0hy2p8fs9a29ry5xgtbdkpzcdt 0 325781 1590627 1159764 2026-07-15T06:36:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Danny Ward | image = Danny Ward 2014 (cropped).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Ward warming up for [[لیورپول فوتبال کولوبو|لیورپول]] in 2014 | fullname = Daniel Ward<ref name=Hugman>{{Hugman|26990|accessdate=26 May 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|6|22|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman/> | birth_place = [[ورکسام]], Wales | height = {{convert|1.91|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Danny Ward |url=https://www.11v11.com/players/danny-ward-238697/ |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises |accessdate=26 May 2018}}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] | clubnumber = 12 | youthyears1 = 2007–2011 | youthclubs1 = [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] | years1 = 2011–2012 | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | clubs1 = [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] | years2 = 2011 | caps2 = 1 | goals2 = 0 | clubs2 = → [[Tamworth F.C.|Tamworth]] (loan) | years3 = 2012–2018 | caps3 = 2 | goals3 = 0 | clubs3 = [[لیورپول فوتبال کولوبو|لیورپول]] | years4 = 2015 | caps4 = 5 | goals4 = 0 | clubs4 = → [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] (loan) | years5 = 2015–2016 | caps5 = 21 | goals5 = 0 | clubs5 = → [[ابردین فوتبال کولوبو|ابردین]] (loan) | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 43 | goals6 = 0 | clubs6 = → [[هادرزفیلد تاون فوتبال کولوبو|هادرزفیلد تاون]] (loan) | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | clubs7 = [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] | nationalyears1 = 2009 | nationalteam1 = [[Wales national under-17 football team|Wales U17]] | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2010–2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Wales national under-19 football team|Wales U19]] | nationalcaps2 = 3 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2012–2015 | nationalteam3 = [[Wales national under-21 football team|Wales U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 4 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2016– | nationalteam4 = [[Wales national football team|Wales]] | nationalcaps4 = 5 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | club-update = 09:49, 9 April 2017 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 20:11, 20 November 2018 (UTC) }} '''دنی وارد''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Danny Ward (Welsh footballer)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1993|6|22|df=y}} [[ورکسام]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[ولز]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[قولر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[یورو ۲۰۱۶]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|National Cup !colspan=2|League Cup !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=3|[[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] |[[2010–11 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2010–11]]<ref name="2010/11Wrexham">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2012 |year=2011 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-70-1 |pages=150–151}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2011–12 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2011–12]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike |year=2012 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-77-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike/page/156 156]–157}}</ref> |Conference Premier |0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||0||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=2|—!!0!!0!!0!!0 |- |[[Tamworth F.C.|Tamworth]] (loan) |2010–11<ref name="2010/11Tamworth">{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2012 |pages=144–145}}</ref> |Conference Premier |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |rowspan=4|[[لیورپول فوتبال کولوبو|لیورپول]] |[[2014–15 Liverpool F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="2014/15">{{Soccerbase season|61498|2014|name=Danny Ward|accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref> |Premier League |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2015–16 Liverpool F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="2015/16">{{Soccerbase season|61498|2015|name=Danny Ward|accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref> |Premier League |2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0 |- |[[2017–18 Liverpool F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|61498|2017|accessdate=16 October 2017}}</ref> |Premier League |0||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!3!!0 |- |[[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] (loan) |[[2014–15 Morecambe F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="2014/15"/> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[ابردین فوتبال کولوبو|ابردین]] (loan) |[[2015–16 Aberdeen F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="2015/16"/> |[[Scottish Premiership]] |21||0||1||0||1||0||6{{efn|Appearances in [[یوفا آوروپا لیقا‌سی]]}}||0||29||0 |- |[[هادرزفیلد تاون فوتبال کولوبو|هادرزفیلد تاون]] (loan) |[[2016–17 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="2016/17">{{Soccerbase season|61498|2016|name=Danny Ward|accessdate=16 October 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |43||0||0||0||1||0||2{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||46||0 |- |[[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] |[[2018–19 Leicester City F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name="2018/19">{{Soccerbase season|61498|2018|name=Danny Ward|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> |Premier League |0||0||1||0||4||0||0||0||5||0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !72!!0!!2!!0!!7!!0!!8!!0!!89!!0 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Danny Ward (Welsh footballer) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۳-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:فوتبال قولرلری]] [[بؤلمه:رکسهام کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:تاموورث کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:لیورپول کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:مورکم کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ابردین کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:هادرزفیلد تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:لستر سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یوفا یورو ۲۰۱۶ اویونچولاری]] nivx6iyzzkhxy7lel6ia2r3siiz58az 0 325913 1590623 1544173 2026-07-15T06:33:10Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jay Simpson | image = Jay Simpson 2.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Warming up for Philadelphia Union in 2017 | fullname = Jay-Alistaire Frederick Simpson<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/documents/pages-from-fl-professional-retain-list-free-transfers-2014-15-2.pdf-...549-2491536.pdf |title=The Football League Limited: Club list of registered players as at 16th May 2015 |publisher=The Football League |page=50 |format=PDF |date=16 May 2015 |accessdate=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616201258/http://www.football-league.co.uk/documents/pages-from-fl-professional-retain-list-free-transfers-2014-15-2.pdf-...549-2491536.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|12|1|df=y}}<ref>{{cite book | last1=Rollin| first1=Glenda | last2=Rollin | first2=Jack | title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2008–2009 | url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_2008| publisher=Headline | year=2008 | page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_2008/page/428 428] | isbn=978-0-7553-1820-9}}</ref> | birth_place = [[انفیلد لندن منطقه‌سی]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11 379">{{Cite book | editor-first = Barry J. | editor-last = Hugman | title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 | url = https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 | year = 2010 | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | isbn = 978-1-84596-601-0 | page = [https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n380 379] }}</ref> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 1996–1997 | youthclubs1 = [[نوریچ سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوریچ سیتی]] | youthyears2 = 1997–2007 | youthclubs2 = [[آرسنال فوتبال کولوبو|آرسنال]] | years1 = 2007–2010 | clubs1 = [[آرسنال فوتبال کولوبو|آرسنال]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2007–2008 | clubs2 = → [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (loan) | caps2 = 41 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2009 | clubs3 = → [[وست برومویچ آلبیون فوتبال کولوبو|وست برومویچ آلبیون]] (loan) | caps3 = 13 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2009–2010 | clubs4 = → [[کویینز پارک رنجرز فوتبال کولوبو|کویینز پارک رنجرز]] (loan) | caps4 = 39 | goals4 = 12 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] | caps5 = 78 | goals5 = 12 | years6 = 2011–2012 | clubs6 = → [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (loan) | caps6 = 16<!--League stats only--> | goals6 = 4<!--League stats only--> | years7 = 2013–2014 | clubs7 = [[بوریرام یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|بوریرام یونایتد]] | caps7 = 21 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2014–2017 | clubs8 = [[Leyton Orient F.C.|Leyton Orient]] | caps8 = 87 | goals8 = 33 | years9 = 2017–2018 | clubs9 = [[فیلادلفیا یونیون]] | caps9 = 30 | goals9 = 3 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 11:07, 2 November 2018 (UTC) | ntupdate = }} '''جی سیمپسون''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Jay Simpson) (دوْغوم:{{Birth date and age|1988|12|1|df=y}} [[انفیلد لندن منطقه‌سی]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|کولوب !rowspan="2"|سیزون !colspan="3"|لیق !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|توْپلام |- !لیق !اوْیون !قوْل !اوْیون !قوْل !اوْیون !قوْل !اوْیون !قوْل !اوْیون !قوْل !اوْیون !قوْل |- |rowspan="4"|[[آرسنال فوتبال کولوبو|آرسنال]] |[[2007–08 Arsenal F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2007/2008">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2007|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[2008–09 Arsenal F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2008/2009">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2008|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||3||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||3||2 |- |[[2009–10 Arsenal F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2009/2010">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2009|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !0!!0!!0!!0!!3!!2!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!3!!2 |- |[[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Millwall F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2007/2008"/> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |41||6||4||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearance in [[2007–08 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]]</ref>||1||46||8 |- |[[وست برومویچ آلبیون فوتبال کولوبو|وست برومویچ آلبیون]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2008/2009"/> |Premier League |13||1||4||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||2 |- |[[کویینز پارک رنجرز فوتبال کولوبو|کویینز پارک رنجرز]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Queens Park Rangers F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2009/2010"/> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |39||12||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||42||13 |- |rowspan="4"|[[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] |[[2010–11 Hull City A.F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2010/2011">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2010|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> |Championship |32||6||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||6 |- |[[2011–12 Hull City A.F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2011/2012">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2011|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> |Championship |3||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0 |- |[[2012–13 Hull City A.F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2012/2013">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2012|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> |Championship |43||6||3||0||1||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||47||7 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !78!!12!!5!!0!!3!!1!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!86!!13 |- |valign="top"|Millwall (بوْرچ) |[[2011–12 Millwall F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2011/2012"/> |Championship |16||4||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||4 |- |[[بوریرام یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|بوریرام یونایتد]] |[[2014 Buriram United F.C. season|2014]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2014">{{cite web | title = Games played by Jay Simpson in 2014 | url = http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=45104&season_id=143 | publisher = Soccerbase | accessdate = 4 February 2017}}</ref> |[[Thai Premier League]] |15||1||0||0||0||0||6||0||1||1||22||2 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Leyton Orient F.C.|Leyton Orient]] |[[2014–15 Leyton Orient F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2014/2015">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2014|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |28||5||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||2||3||34||8 |- |[[2015–16 Leyton Orient F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2015/2016">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2015|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |45||25||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||48||25 |- |[[2016–17 Leyton Orient F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="Games played by Jay Simpson in 2016/2017">{{Soccerbase season|45104|2016|name=Jay Simpson|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> |League Two |14||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||17||3 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !87!!33!!4!!0!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!4!!0!!85!!13 |- |rowspan="2"|[[فیلادلفیا یونیون]] |[[2017 Philadelphia Union season|2017]] |[[Major League Soccer]] |22||1||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||24||1 |- |[[2018 Philadelphia Union season|2018]] |[[Major League Soccer]] |2||0||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|—||0||0||3||1 |- !colspan="3"|توْپلام !312!!70!!19!!3!!14!!4!!6!!0!!6!!5!!357!!82 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Jay Simpson | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 720rsg2xmpor4ssuhlfgjozm3q7px5p 0 325919 1590731 1587957 2026-07-15T10:41:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Neil Taylor | image = AUT vs. WAL 2016-10-06 (116).jpg | image_size = | caption = Taylor with [[Wales national football team|Wales]] in 2016 | fullname = Neil John Taylor<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2017-18.pdf |title=Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2018: Aston Villa |publisher=English Football League |format=PDF |page=2 |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|2|7|df=y}}<ref>{{Hugman|25514|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref> | birth_place = [[St Asaph]], Wales | height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Full back|Left back]] | currentclub = [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] | clubnumber = 3 | youthyears1 = 1998–2005 | youthclubs1 = [[منچستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر سیتی]] | youthyears2 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs2 = [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] | years1 = 2007–2010 | clubs1 = [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] | caps1 = 75 | goals1 = 3 | years2 = 2010–2017 | clubs2 = [[سوانزی سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|سوانزی سیتی]] | caps2 = 160 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2017– | clubs3 = [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] | caps3 = 57 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2005–2006 | nationalyears2 = 2006–2007 | nationalyears3 = 2007–2010 | nationalyears4 = 2009 | nationalyears5 = 2010– | nationalyears6 = 2012 | nationalteam1 = [[Wales national under-17 football team|Wales U17]] | nationalteam2 = [[Wales national under-19 football team|Wales U19]] | nationalteam3 = [[Wales national under-21 football team|Wales U21]] | nationalteam4 = [[Wales national semi-professional football team|Wales Semi-Pro]] | nationalteam5 = [[Wales national football team|Wales]] | nationalteam6 = [[Great Britain Olympic football team|Great Britain]] | nationalcaps1 = 10 | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalcaps3 = 13 | nationalcaps4 = 1 | nationalcaps5 = 41 | nationalcaps6 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalgoals5 = 1 | nationalgoals6 = 0 | club-update = 23:34, 26 October 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 07:17, 15 November 2017 (UTC) }} '''نیل تیلور''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Neil Taylor (footballer)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1989|2|7|df=y}} [[St Asaph]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[ولز]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[یورو ۲۰۱۶]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- ! rowspan=2 | Club ! rowspan=2 | Season ! colspan=3 | League ! colspan=2 | [[FA Cup]] ! colspan=2 | [[EFL Cup|League Cup]] ! colspan=2 | Europe ! colspan=2 | Other ! colspan=2 | Total |- ! Division || Apps || Goals || Apps || Goals || Apps || Goals || Apps || Goals || Apps || Goals || Apps || Goals |- align=center | rowspan=4 | [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] |[[2007–08 Wrexham F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2007|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref> |[[Football League Two|League Two]] |26||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||27||0 |- align=center |[[2008–09 Wrexham F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2010">{{Cite book | editor1-first = Tony | editor1-last = Williams | editor2-first = James | editor2-last = Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 | url = https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/156 156]–157}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |[[Conference Premier]] |26||2||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6<ref group=lower-alpha>Two appearances in [[2008–09 Conference League Cup|Conference League Cup]], four in [[2008–09 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]]</ref>||0||34||2 |- align=center |[[2009–10 Wrexham F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2011">{{Cite book | editor1-first = Tony | editor1-last = Williams | editor2-first = James | editor2-last = Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 | url = https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2010 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-68-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/154 154]–155}}</ref> |23||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearance in [[2009–10 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]]</ref>||0||26||1 |- align=center !colspan=2| Wrexham Total ! 75 || 3 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 0 || colspan=2|— || 7 || 0 || 87 || 3 |- align=center |rowspan=8| [[سوانزی سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|سوانزی سیتی]] |[[2010–11 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2010|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |29||0||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearance in [[2011 Football League play-offs#Championship|Championship play-offs]]</ref>||0||32||0 |- align=center |[[2011–12 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2011|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |36||0||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||38||0 |- align=center |[[2012–13 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2012|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref> |6||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||0 |- align=center |[[2013–14 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2013|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=27 December 2015}}</ref> |10||0||3||0||1||0||6<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearances in [[2013–14 UEFA Europa League|UEFA Europa League]]</ref>||0||colspan=2|—||20||0 |- align=center |[[2014–15 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2014|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</ref> |34||0||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||36||0 |- align=center |[[2015–16 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2015|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=27 December 2015}}</ref> |34||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||34||0 |- align=center |[[2016–17 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2016|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=12 September 2017}}</ref> |11||0||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||13||0 |- align=center ! colspan=2| Swansea City Total ! 160 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 6 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 179 || 0 |- align=center | rowspan="4" | [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] |[[2016–17 Aston Villa F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617/> | rowspan="3" |Championship |14||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||14||0 |- align=center |[[2017–18 Aston Villa F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2017|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=4 February 2018}}</ref> |29||0||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||30||0 |- |[[2018–19 Aston Villa F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{Soccerbase season|47172|2018|name=Neil Taylor|accessdate=4 February 2018}}</ref> |14 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |0 |- align="center" ! colspan="2" | Aston Villa Total ! 57 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 60 || 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Total ! 289 || 3 || 9 || 0 || 11 || 0 || 6 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 326 || 3 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Neil Taylor (footballer) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۸۹-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:ریثین دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:رکسهام کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:سوانزی سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ایستون ویلا کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یوفا یورو ۲۰۱۶ اویونچولاری]] 894pwgh2ksfb3g0g9hxgdg3z3d6c7n9 0 326285 1590732 1545482 2026-07-15T10:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Gary Neville | image = Gary Neville 2014 (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Neville in 2014 | fullname = Gary Alexander Neville | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|2|18|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Bury, Greater Manchester]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rollin |editor1-first=Glenda |editor2-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2009–2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse |publisher=Headline |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7553-1948-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse/page/502 502] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hugman |first=Barry J. |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2009–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8 |year=2009 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-474-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8/page/n304 303] }}</ref> | position = [[Right back (association football)|Right back]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1992 |youthclubs1 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] | years1 = 1992–2011 |clubs1 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |caps1 = 400 |goals1 = 5<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = 1992 |nationalteam1 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 1992–1993 |nationalteam2 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] |nationalcaps2 = 8 |nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 1995–2007 |nationalteam3 = [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] |nationalcaps3 = 85 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | medaltemplates = | manageryears1 = 2012–2016 | managerclubs1 = [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] (assistant) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[والنسیا فوتبال کولوبو|والنسیا]] }} '''قری نویل''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Gary Neville) (دوْغوم:{{Birth date and age|1975|2|18|df=y}} [[Bury, Greater Manchester]]) کئچمیشده بیر فوتبالیست و ایندیلیکده بیر مربی اوْلاراق چالیشیر. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !rowspan="2"|کولوب !rowspan="2"|سیزون !colspan="2"|لیق !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other<ref group="nb">Includes other competitive competitions, including the [[FA Community Shield]], [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]], [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref> !colspan="2"|توْپلام |- !اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan="19"|[[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |[[1992–93 Manchester United F.C. season|1992–93]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|–||1||0 |- |[[1993–94 Manchester United F.C. season|1993–94]] |1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||2||0 |- |[[1994–95 Manchester United F.C. season|1994–95]] |18||0||4||0||3||0||2||0||0||0||27||0 |- |[[1995–96 Manchester United F.C. season|1995–96]] |31||0||6||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|–||39||0 |- |[[1996–97 Manchester United F.C. season|1996–97]] |31||1||3||0||1||0||10||0||1||0||46||1 |- |[[1997–98 Manchester United F.C. season|1997–98]] |34||0||3||0||0||0||8||0||0||0||45||0 |- |[[1998–99 Manchester United F.C. season|1998–99]] |34||1||7||0||0||0||12||0||1||0||54||1 |- |[[1999–2000 Manchester United F.C. season|1999–2000]] |22||0||colspan="2"|–||0||0||9||0||4||0||35||0 |- |[[2000–01 Manchester United F.C. season|2000–01]] |32||1||2||0||0||0||14||0||1||0||49||1 |- |[[2001–02 Manchester United F.C. season|2001–02]] |34||0||2||0||0||0||14||0||1||0||51||0 |- |[[2002–03 Manchester United F.C. season|2002–03]] |26||0||3||0||5||0||10||1||colspan="2"|–||44||1 |- |[[2003–04 Manchester United F.C. season|2003–04]] |30||2||4||0||1||0||7||0||0||0||42||2 |- |[[2004–05 Manchester United F.C. season|2004–05]] |22||0||4||0||1||0||7||1||1||0||35||1 |- |[[2005–06 Manchester United F.C. season|2005–06]] |25||0||3||0||5||0||4||0||colspan="2"|–||37||0 |- |[[2006–07 Manchester United F.C. season|2006–07]] |24||0||3||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|–||33||0 |- |[[2007–08 Manchester United F.C. season|2007–08]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0 |- |[[2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season|2008–09]] |16||0||2||0||3||0||4||0||4||0||29||0 |- |[[2009–10 Manchester United F.C. season|2009–10]] |17||0||1||0||4||0||6||0||0||0||28||0 |- |[[2010–11 Manchester United F.C. season|2010–11]] |3||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||4||0 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !400!!5!!47!!0!!25!!0!!117!!2!!13!!0!!602!!7 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !colspan=3|[[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] |- !Year!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |1995||6||0 |- |1996||10||0 |- |1997||7||0 |- |1998||8||0 |- |1999||3||0 |- |2000||7||0 |- |2001||8||0 |- |2002||5||0 |- |2003||7||0 |- |2004||12||0 |- |2005||4||0 |- |2006||7||0 |- |2007||1||0 |- !Total||85||0 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- !rowspan="2"|Team !rowspan="2"|Nat !rowspan="2"|From !rowspan="2"|To !colspan="8"|Record |- !G!!W!!D!!L!!Win %!!GF!!GA!!GD |- |align=left|[[Valencia C.F.|Valencia]] |{{Flagicon|Spain}} |align=left|2 December 2015 |align=left|30 March 2016 {{WDL|28|10|7|11}} |align=centre|39 |align=centre|38 |align=centre|+1 |- !colspan="4"|توْپلام {{WDLtot|28|10|7|11}} !align=centre|39 !align=centre|38 !align=centre|+1 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Gary Neville | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] iwz9unxvrbysufqvnih0at95timtvbk 0 327578 1590763 1587932 2026-07-15T11:40:05Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = James Meredith | image = James Meredith 13-07-2011 1.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Meredith playing for [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] in 2011 | fullname = James Gregory Meredith<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2016/june/efl-club-retained-and-released-lists-published/ |title=EFL: Club retained and released lists published |publisher=English Football League |date=23 June 2016 |accessdate=3 April 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|4|5|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of players: Australia |publisher=FIFA |format=PDF |page=2 |date=15 July 2018 |accessdate=17 November 2018 |archivedate=2018-06-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610160600/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Albury]], Australia | height = 1.85 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/james-meredith/16009/ |title=J. Meredith: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=25 September 2018}}</ref> | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | currentclub = [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] | clubnumber = 3 | youthyears1 = 2004–2006 | youthclubs1 = [[دربی کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|دربی کانتی]] | years1 = 2006–2007 | clubs1 = [[دربی کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|دربی کانتی]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2006 | clubs2 = → [[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) | caps2 = 1 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2007 | clubs3 = → [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]] (loan) | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2007 | clubs4 = [[ایسلایقو راورز فوتبال کولوبو|ایسلایقو راورز]] | caps4 = 4 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2008–2009 | clubs5 = [[شروزبری تاون فوتبال کولوبو|شروزبری تاون]] | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2008–2009 | clubs6 = → [[A.F.C. Telford United]] (loan) | caps6 = 28 | goals6 = 1 | years7 = 2009–2012 | clubs7 = [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] | caps7 = 131 | goals7 = 3 | years8 = 2012–2017 | clubs8 = [[برادفورد سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|برادفورد سیتی]] | caps8 = 181 | goals8 = 4 | years9 = 2017– | clubs9 = [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] | caps9 = 66 | goals9 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2015– | nationalteam1 = [[اوسترالیا میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اوسترالیا]] | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 17:26, 18 December 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 17:26, 18 December 2018 (UTC) }} '''جیمز مردیث''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: James Meredith (footballer)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1988|4|5|df=y}} [[آلبری]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اوسترالیا]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۸]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|National Cup{{efn|Includes [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan=2|League Cup{{efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|League Cup/EFL Cup]]}} !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[دربی کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|دربی کانتی]] |[[2006–07 Derby County F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607>{{soccerbase season|46302|2006|accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) |[[2006–07 Football Conference#Conference National|2006–07]]<ref name=NLCD2008>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2008 |year=2007 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location=Kingsbridge |isbn=978-1-869833-57-2 |pages=58–59}}</ref> |[[Conference National]] |1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- |[[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]] (loan) |[[2006–07 Chesterfield F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607/> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[ایسلایقو راورز فوتبال کولوبو|ایسلایقو راورز]] |[[2007 League of Ireland Premier Division|2007]]<ref name="Sligo Rovers stats">{{cite web |title=Australian player database |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Players/M/ME.html |publisher=OzFootball |accessdate=25 July 2009 |archivedate=2020-08-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809092841/http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Players/M/ME.html }}<br />{{cite news |title=Waterford United 1–1 Sligo Rovers |url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2007/0817/221641-waterfordunited/ |publisher=RTÉ Sport |date=17 August 2007 |accessdate=21 December 2016 }}<br />{{cite news |title=Sligo Rvrs 2–2 Waterford Utd (Utd win 4–3 on pens) |url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2007/0821/221793-sligowaterford/ |publisher=RTÉ Sport |date=22 August 2007 |accessdate=21 December 2016 }}</ref> |[[League of Ireland Premier Division|League of Ireland<br />Premier Division]] |4||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |rowspan=3|[[شروزبری تاون فوتبال کولوبو|شروزبری تاون]] |[[2007–08 Shrewsbury Town F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{soccerbase season|46302|2007|accessdate=26 September 2012}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |3||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3||0 |- |[[2008–09 Shrewsbury Town F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{soccerbase season|46302|2008|accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref> |League Two |0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !3||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||0||0||3||0 |- |[[A.F.C. Telford United]] (loan) |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference North|2008–09]]<ref name=NLCD2010>{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/174 174]–175}}</ref> |[[Conference North]] |28||1||3||0||colspan=2|—||15{{efn|Four appearances in [[Conference League Cup]], eight in [[FA Trophy]], three in Conference North play-offs}}||0||46||1 |- |rowspan=4|[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] |[[2009–10 York City F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=York0910>{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2010 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-68-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/160 160]–161}}<br />{{cite news |first=Dave |last=Flett |title=York City 1, Newport County 0 – FA Trophy replay |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/sport/4874009.York_City_1__Newport_County_0____FA_Trophy_replay/ |newspaper=The Press |location=York |date=27 January 2010 |accessdate=21 December 2016}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |43||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||9{{efn|Six appearances in FA Trophy, three in Conference Premier play-offs}}||0||56||0 |- |[[2010–11 York City F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=NLCD2012>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2012 |year=2011 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-70-1 |pages=156–157}}</ref> |Conference Premier |45||1||5||0||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|Appearance in FA Trophy}}||0||51||1 |- |[[2011–12 York City F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=NLCD2013>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike |year=2012 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-77-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike/page/162 162]–163}}</ref> |Conference Premier |43||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||11{{efn|Eight appearances in FA Trophy, three in Conference Premier play-offs}}||0||55||2 |- !colspan=2|Total !131||3||10||0||colspan=2|—||21||0||162||3 |- |rowspan=6|[[برادفورد سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|برادفورد سیتی]] |[[2012–13 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{soccerbase season|46302|2012|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> |League Two |32||1||3||0||5||0||4{{efn|One appearance in [[Football League Trophy]], three in [[EFL League Two play-offs|League Two play-offs]]}}||0||44||1 |- |[[2013–14 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{soccerbase season|46302|2013|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> |League One |26||0||1||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=FLT|Appearance in Football League Trophy}}||0||29||0 |- |[[2014–15 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|46302|2014|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> |League One |40||0||8||0||3||0||1{{efn|name=FLT}}||0||52||0 |- |[[2015–16 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|46302|2015|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref> |League One |42||1||3||0||0||0||2{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}}||0||47||1 |- |[[2016–17 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|46302|2016|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref> |League One |41||2||0||0||1||0||6{{efn|Three appearances in [[EFL Trophy]], three in League One play-offs}}||0||48||2 |- !colspan=2|Total !181||4||15||0||10||0||14||0||220||4 |- |rowspan=3|[[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] |[[2017–18 Millwall F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{soccerbase season|46302|2017|accessdate=11 May 2018}}</ref> |Championship |46||0||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||47||0 |- |[[2018–19 Millwall F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|46302|2018|accessdate=3 January 2019}}</ref> |Championship |24||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||25||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !70||0||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||72||0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !419||8||30||0||11||0||50||0||510||8 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =James Meredith (footballer) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۸۸-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:دربی کانتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:کمبریج یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:چسترفیلد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ایسلایقو راورز کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:شروزبری تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:تلفورد یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یورک سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:برادفورد سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:میلوال کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۸ اویونچولار]] rpujwpd2dchyi6x8s0g79u17lwsq5ft 0 327744 1590762 1550078 2026-07-15T11:38:30Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Nick Pope | image = Nick Pope 23-04-2016 1.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Pope playing for [[چارلتون اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|چارلتون اتلتیک]] in 2016 | fullname = Nicholas David Pope<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=10 February 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|4|19|df=y}}<ref>{{Hugman|24977|accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Soham]], England | height = {{convert|1.91|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.11v11.com/players/nick-pope-238976/ |title=Nick Pope |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises |accessdate=11 December 2017}}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] | clubnumber = 29 | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2008 | youthclubs1 = [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] | years1 = 2008–2011 | clubs1 = [[Bury Town F.C.|Bury Town]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2011–2016 | clubs2 = [[چارلتون اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|چارلتون اتلتیک]] | caps2 = 33 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2011 | clubs3 = → [[Harrow Borough F.C.|Harrow Borough]] (loan) | caps3 = 15 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2011–2012 | clubs4 = → [[Welling United F.C.|Welling United]] (loan) | caps4 = 2 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = → [[Welling United F.C.|Welling United]] (loan) | caps5 = 2 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2013 | clubs6 = → [[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) | caps6 = 9 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2013 | clubs7 = → [[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) | caps7 = 5 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2013 | clubs8 = → [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) | caps8 = 2 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2014 | clubs9 = → [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) | caps9 = 20 | goals9 = 0 | years10 = 2015 | clubs10 = → [[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] (loan) | caps10 = 22 | goals10 = 0 | years11 = 2016– | clubs11 = [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] | caps11 = 35 | goals11 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2018– | nationalteam1 = [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 23:57, 29 July 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:57, 29 July 2018 (UTC) }} '''نیک پوپ''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Nick Pope (footballer)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1992|4|19|df=y}} [[سوهام]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[قولر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۸]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=6|[[چارلتون اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|چارلتون اتلتیک]] |[[2011–12 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{soccerbase season|63387|2011|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2012–13 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{soccerbase season|63387|2012|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[2013–14 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{soccerbase season|63387|2013|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> |Championship |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2014–15 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|63387|2014|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> |Championship |8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||9||0 |- |[[2015–16 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|63387|2015|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> |Championship |24||0||1||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !33||0||1||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||38||0 |- |[[Harrow Borough F.C.|Harrow Borough]] (loan) |[[2011–12 Isthmian League#Premier Division|2011–12]]<ref name="Player Info">{{cite web |url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/harrowborough/s/players-coaches-60083.html?archive_id=10701&player_id=674051 |title=Player info |publisher=Harrow Borough F.C. |via=Pitchero |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130630040411/http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/harrowborough/s/players-coaches-60083.html?archive_id=10701&player_id=674051 |archivedate=30 June 2013 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> |[[Isthmian League]] Premier Division |15||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||4{{efn|One appearance in [[Isthmian League#League Cup|Isthmian League Cup]], three in [[FA Trophy]]}}||0||19||0 |- |[[Welling United F.C.|Welling United]] (loan) |[[2011–12 Football Conference#Conference South|2011–12]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2013">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike |year=2012 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-77-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike/page/334 334]–335}}</ref> |[[National League South|Conference South]] |4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[کمبریج یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|کمبریج یونایتد]] (loan) |[[2012–13 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2012–13]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |9||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||9||0 |- |[[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] (loan) |[[2013–14 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2013–14]]<ref name=Soccerway>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/nick-pope/220636/ |title=N. Pope: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=30 July 2018}}</ref> |Conference Premier |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) |[[2013–14 York City F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314/> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |22||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL League Two play-offs|League Two play-offs]]}}||0||24||0 |- |[[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] (loan) |[[2014–15 Bury F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415/> |League Two |22||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||22||0 |- |rowspan=4|[[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] |[[2016–17 Burnley F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|63387|2016|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||3||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[2017–18 Burnley F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{soccerbase season|63387|2017|accessdate=6 February 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |35||0||1||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||38||0 |- |[[2018–19 Burnley F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|63387|2018|accessdate=6 February 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |0||0||2||0||0||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[یوفا آوروپا لیقا‌سی]]}}||0||3||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !35||0||6||0||3||0||1||0||45||0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !145||0||7||0||7||0||7||0||166||0 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Nick Pope (footballer) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:سوهام دوغوملولار]] [[بؤلمه:فوتبال قولرلری]] [[بؤلمه:ایپسویچ تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:چارلتون اتلتیک کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ولینق یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:کمبریج یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:آلدرشات تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:یورک سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بری کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:برنلی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۸ اویونچولار]] sut0hk1o1nm7e1l4blqffq0k75eoh0n 0 329160 1590700 1164453 2026-07-15T09:21:59Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Brian Howard |image = Brian Howard cska.jpg |image_size = 200 |caption = In [[زسکا صوفیه فوتبال کولوبو|زسکا صوفیه]] colours, 2013 |fullname = Brian Richard William Brotherton Howard<ref name="Hugman2009-10 198">{{Cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2009–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream |isbn=978-1-84596-474-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8/page/198 198]}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|1|23|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2009-10 198"/> |birth_place = [[Winchester]], England |height = {{height|ft=5|in=8}}<ref name="Hugman2009-10 198"/> |position = [[هافبک]] |currentclub = |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = 1999–2000 |youthclubs1 = [[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] |years1 = 2000–2003 |clubs1 = [[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] |caps1 = 0 |goals1 = 0 |years2 = 2003–2005 |clubs2 = [[سوئیندون تاون فوتبال کولوبو|سوئیندون تاون]] |caps2 = 70 |goals2 = 9 |years3 = 2005–2009 |clubs3 = [[بارنزلی فوتبال کولوبو|بارنزلی]] |caps3 = 121 |goals3 = 27 |years4 = 2008–2009 |clubs4 = → [[شفیلد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد یونایتد]] (loan) |caps4 = 15 |goals4 = 1 |years5 = 2009 |clubs5 = [[شفیلد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد یونایتد]] |caps5 = 15 |goals5 = 1 |years6 = 2009–2012 |clubs6 = [[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] |caps6 = 59 |goals6 = 2 |years7 = 2011 |clubs7 = → [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (loan) |caps7 = 12 |goals7 = 0 |years8 = 2012–2013 |clubs8 = [[پورتسموث فوتبال کولوبو|پورتسموث]] |caps8 = 23 |goals8 = 0 |years9 = 2013 |clubs9 = [[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] |caps9 = 6 |goals9 = 0 |years10 = 2013 |clubs10= [[زسکا صوفیه فوتبال کولوبو|زسکا صوفیه]] |caps10= 11 |goals10= 0 |years11 = 2014 |clubs11= [[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] |caps11= 5 |goals11= 1 |years12 = 2014 |clubs12= [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] |caps12= 7 |goals12= 0 |years13 = 2015 |clubs13= [[Eastleigh F.C.|Eastleigh]] |caps13= 18 |goals13= 0 |years14 = 2015–2016 |clubs14= [[Alresford Town F.C.|Alresford Town]] |caps14= 15 |goals14= 4 |years15 = 2016–2017 |clubs15= [[Romsey Town F.C.|Romsey Town]] |caps15= 9 |goals15= 0 |years16 = 2017 |clubs16= [[Whitehawk F.C.|Whitehawk]] |caps16= 4 |goals16= 0 |club-update = 17:51, 13 January 2017 (UTC) |nationalyears1 = 1999–2000 |nationalteam1 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2000–2001 |nationalteam2 = [[England national under-17 football team|England U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 4 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2001 |nationalteam3 = [[England national under-19 football team|England U19]] |nationalcaps3 = 1 |nationalgoals3 = 0 |nationalyears4 = 2003 |nationalteam4 = [[England national under-20 football team|England U20]] |nationalcaps4 = 7 |nationalgoals4 = 0 }} '''برایان هاوارد''' (فوتبالیست) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Brian Howard (footballer)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1983|1|23|df=y}} [[Winchester]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هافبک]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Club statistics |- ! rowspan=2 | Club ! rowspan=2 | Season ! colspan=3 | League ! colspan=2 | National Cup ! colspan=2 | [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] ! colspan=2 | Other ! colspan=2 | Total |- ! Division !! Apps !! Goals !! Apps !! Goals !! Apps !! Goals !! Apps !! Goals !! Apps !! Goals |- | rowspan=3 | [[سوئیندون تاون فوتبال کولوبو|سوئیندون تاون]] | [[2003–04 Swindon Town F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref name=sb0304>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2003|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] | 35||4||1||0||2||0||3<ref group=lower-alpha>One appearance in the [[Football League Trophy]], two appearances in the [[Football League One play-offs|Second Division play-offs]]</ref>||0 | 41||4 |- | [[2004–05 Swindon Town F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2004|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | [[Football League One|League One]] | 35||5||3||1||2||0||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=FLT>Appearances in the Football League Trophy</ref>||0 | 42||6 |- ! colspan=2 | Total ! 70!!9!!4!!1!!4!!0!!5!!0 ! 83!!10 |- | rowspan=5 | [[بارنزلی فوتبال کولوبو|بارنزلی]] | [[2005–06 Barnsley F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2005|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | League One | 31||5||3||0||0||0||4<ref group=lower-alpha>One appearance in the Football League Trophy, three appearances in the [[Football League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]</ref>||0 | 38||5 |- | [[2006–07 Barnsley F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2006|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | [[چمپیونشیپ]] | 42||8||2||0||0||0||colspan=2|— | 44||8 |- | [[2007–08 Barnsley F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2007|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | Championship || 41||13||5||1||1||0||colspan=2|— | 47||14 |- | [[2008–09 Barnsley F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2008|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | Championship || 7||1||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|— | 8||1 |- ! colspan=2 | Total ! 121!!27!!10!!1!!2!!0!!4!!0 ! 137!!28 |- | [[شفیلد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد یونایتد]] (loan) | [[2008–09 Sheffield United F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> | Championship | 15||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|— | 15||1 |- | rowspan=3 | Sheffield United | 2008–09<ref name=sb0809/> | Championship | 11||1||3||0||colspan=2|—||3<ref group=lower-alpha name=CHPL>Appearance(s) in the [[Football League Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]</ref>||1 | 17||2 |- | [[2009–10 Sheffield United F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2009|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | Championship | 4||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|— | 5||0 |- ! colspan=2 | Total ! 30!!2!!3!!0!!1!!0!!3!!1 ! 37!!3 |- | rowspan=4 | [[ردینق فوتبال کولوبو|ردینق]] | [[2009–10 Reading F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> | Championship | 34||2||5||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|— | 39||3 |- | [[2010–11 Reading F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2010|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | Championship | 24||0||1||0||2||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=CHPL/>||0 | 28||0 |- | [[2011–12 Reading F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2011|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | Championship | 1||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|— | 2||0 |- ! colspan=2 | Total ! 59!!2!!6!!1!!3!!0!!1!!0 ! 69!!3 |- | [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (loan) | [[2011–12 Millwall F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112/> | Championship | 12||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|— | 12||0 |- | [[پورتسموث فوتبال کولوبو|پورتسموث]] | [[2012–13 Portsmouth F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2012|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | League One | 23||0||1||0||0||0||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=FLT/>||1 | 26||1 |- | [[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] | [[2012–13 Bristol City F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213/> | Championship | 6||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|— | 6||0 |- | [[زسکا صوفیه فوتبال کولوبو|زسکا صوفیه]] | [[2013–14 PFC CSKA Sofia season|2013–14]]<ref name=soccerway>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/brian-howard/15978/ |title=Brian Howard |publisher=Perform Group |website=Soccerway |accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> | [[Bulgarian A Football Group|A Group]] |11||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|— |13||0 |- | [[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] | [[2013–14 Birmingham City F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2013|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=19 May 2014}}</ref> |Championship |5||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|— |5||1 |- | [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] | [[2014–15 Oxford United F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415/> |[[Football League Two|League Two]] |7||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||8||0 |- | [[Eastleigh F.C.|Eastleigh]] | [[2014–15 Football Conference|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{Soccerbase season|35624|2014|name=Brian Howard|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier|Conference]] |16||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||16||0 |- ! colspan=3 | Career total |360||41||27||3||10||0||15||2||412||46 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Brian Howard (footballer) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۸۳-جو میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:ساوت‌همپتون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:سوئیندون تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بارنزلی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:شفیلد یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ردینق کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:میلوال کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:پورتسموث کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بریستول سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:زسکا صوفیه کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بیرمنقام سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:اکسفورد یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ایستلی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] 9wwphhnq2b1qybnwrwfkfux2yy46yok 0 330073 1590721 1574256 2026-07-15T10:27:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ryan Taylor | image = Ryan taylor.jpg | image_size = | caption = Taylor with [[نیوکاسل یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد]] in 2010 | fullname = Ryan Anthony Taylor<ref name="Hugman2010-11">{{cite book| editor-first = Barry J.| editor-last = Hugman| title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11| url = https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9| year = 2010| publisher = Mainstream Publishing| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 978-1-84596-601-0| page = [https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n402 401] }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|8|19|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11"/> | birth_place = [[لیورپول]], England | height = {{height|m=1.79}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ryan Taylor Player Profile - ESPN FC|url=http://www.espnfc.co.uk/player/16216/ryan-taylor|website=ESPN|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> | position = [[Defender (association football)|Full-back]]; [[هافبک]] | currentclub = [[Fleetwood Town F.C.|Fleetwood Town]] | clubnumber = 18 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[ترانمره راورز فوتبال کولوبو|ترانمره راورز]] | years1 = 2002–2005 | clubs1 = [[ترانمره راورز فوتبال کولوبو|ترانمره راورز]] | caps1 = 98 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2005–2009 | clubs2 = [[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] | caps2 = 56 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2009–2015 | clubs3 = [[نیوکاسل یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد]] | caps3 = 92 | goals3 = 6 | years4 = 2015–2016 | clubs4 = [[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] | caps4 = 4 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2016–2017 | clubs5 = [[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]] | caps5 = 12 | goals5 = 3 | years6 = 2017 | clubs6 = [[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]] | caps6 = 10 | goals6 = 1 | years7 = 2017–2018 | clubs7 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] | caps7 = 9 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2018– | clubs8 = [[Fleetwood Town F.C.|Fleetwood Town]] | caps8 = 0 | goals8 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2005–2006 | nationalteam1 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 08:57, 14 February 2018 (UTC) }} '''رایان تیلور''' (فوتبالیست، دوغوم ۱۹۸۴) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Ryan Taylor (footballer, born 1984)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1984|8|19|df=y}} [[لیورپول]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=4|[[ترانمره راورز فوتبال کولوبو|ترانمره راورز]] |[[2002–03 Tranmere Rovers F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2002|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] |25||1||2||0||2||1||3{{efn|Appearances in [[Football League Trophy]]}}||1||32||3 |- |[[2003–04 Tranmere Rovers F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2003|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Second Division |30||5||7||1||2||0||0||0||39||6 |- |[[2004–05 Tranmere Rovers F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2004|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |43||8||1||1||2||0||5{{efn|Three appearances in Football League Trophy, two appearances and one goal in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}}||1||51||10 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !98||14||10||2||6||1||8||2||122||19 |- |rowspan=5|[[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] |[[2005–06 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2005|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |11||0||1||0||4||1||colspan=2|—||16||1 |- |[[2006–07 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2006|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |16||1||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||16||1 |- |[[2007–08 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2007|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |17||3||2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||19||3 |- |[[2008–09 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{soccerbase season|32156|2008|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |12||2||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||12||2 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !56||6||3||0||4||1||colspan=2|—||63||7 |- |rowspan=8|[[نیوکاسل یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد]] |[[2008–09 Newcastle United F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> |Premier League |10||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||10||0 |- |[[2009–10 Newcastle United F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2009|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |31||4||3||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||36||4 |- |[[2010–11 Newcastle United F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=Rothmans1112>{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2011–2012 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal2011unse_c9q2 |year=2011 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7553-6231-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal2011unse_c9q2/page/266 266]–267, 609–611}}</ref> |Premier League |5||0||0||0||3||2||colspan=2|—||8||2 |- |[[2011–12 Newcastle United F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2011|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |31||2||2||0||1||1||colspan=2|—||34||3 |- |[[2012–13 Newcastle United F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=Rothmans1314>{{cite book |editor-first=John |editor-last=Anderson |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2013–2014 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_h6g1 |year=2013 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7553-6413-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_h6g1/page/24 24]–245, 817–820}}</ref> |Premier League |1||0||0||0||0||0||2{{efn|Appearances in [[یوفا آوروپا لیقا‌سی]]}}||1||3||1 |- |[[2013–14 Newcastle United F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2013|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2014–15 Newcastle United F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2014|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |14||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||15||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !92||6||5||0||7||3||2||1||106||10 |- |[[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] |[[2015–16 Hull City A.F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2015|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |Championship |4||0||4||0||4||0||0||0||12||0 |- |[[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]] |[[2016–17 Port Vale F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2016|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |League One |22||4||3||1||colspan=2|—||0||0||25||5 |- |[[ATK (football club)|ATK]] |[[2017–18 Indian Super League season|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/ryan-taylor/2671/ |title=R. Taylor: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=8 January 2019 |archivedate=2019-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108100853/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/ryan-taylor/2671/ }}</ref> |[[Indian Super League]] |11||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||11||1 |- |[[Fleetwood Town F.C.|Fleetwood Town]] |[[2018–19 Fleetwood Town F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|32156|2018|accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> |League One |10||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy]]}}||0||11||0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !293||31||25||3||21||5||11||3||350||42 |} {{notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Ryan Taylor (footballer, born 1984) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 0xnzc98dj452exyivahjegfwtt0jffz 0 331156 1590754 1546158 2026-07-15T11:23:59Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jordan Rhodes | image = JordanRhodesBlackburnRovers (cropped).JPG | image_size = 200 | caption = Rhodes with [[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] in 2013 | fullname = Jordan Luke Rhodes<ref name="Hugman2010-11">{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n351 350]}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|2|5|df=y}} | birth_place = [[اولدهام]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=1}} | position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]] | currentclub = [[نوریچ سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوریچ سیتی]]<br>(on loan from [[شفیلد ونزدی فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد ونزدی]]) | clubnumber = 11 | youthyears1 = 2003–2005 | youthclubs1 = [[بارنزلی فوتبال کولوبو|بارنزلی]] | youthyears2 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs2 = [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] | years1 = 2007–2009 | clubs1 = [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2007 | clubs2 = → [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] (loan) | caps2 = 4 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2008 | clubs3 = → [[Rochdale A.F.C.|Rochdale]] (loan) | caps3 = 5 | goals3 = 2 | years4 = 2009 | clubs4 = → [[برنتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|برنتفورد]] (loan) | caps4 = 14 | goals4 = 7 | years5 = 2009–2012 | clubs5 = [[هادرزفیلد تاون فوتبال کولوبو|هادرزفیلد تاون]] | caps5 = 124 | goals5 = 73 | years6 = 2012–2016 | clubs6 = [[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] | caps6 = 159 | goals6 = 83 | years7 = 2016–2017 | clubs7 = [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] | caps7 = 24 | goals7 = 6 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = → [[شفیلد ونزدی فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد ونزدی]] (loan) | caps8 = 18 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2017– | clubs9 = [[شفیلد ونزدی فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد ونزدی]] | caps9 = 31 | goals9 = 5 | years10 = 2018– | clubs10 = → [[نوریچ سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوریچ سیتی]] (loan) | caps10 = 16 | goals10 = 5 | nationalyears1 = 2011–2012 | nationalteam1 = [[Scotland national under-21 football team|Scotland U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 8 | nationalyears2 = 2011– | nationalteam2 = [[ایسکاتلند میلّی فوتبال تیمی|ایسکاتلند]] | nationalcaps2 = 14 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | club-update = 12:08, 11 November 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 15:24, 13 January 2018 (UTC) }} '''جردن رودز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Jordan Rhodes) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1990|2|5|df=y}} [[اولدهام]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[نوریچ سیتی فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[ایسکاتلند]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+ International goals by date, venue, cap, opponent, score, result and competition |- !scope=col|No. !scope=col data-sort-type=date|Date !scope=col|Venue !scope=col|Cap !scope=col|Opponent !scope=col|Score !scope=col|Result !scope=col|Competition !scope=col class=unsortable|{{abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !scope=row|1 |15 August 2012||[[Easter Road]], [[ادینبورق]], Scotland||2||{{fb|Australia}}||1–1||3–1||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||<ref name="scoaus">{{cite news |first=Clive |last=Lindsay |title=Scotland 3–1 Australia |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19243564 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=15 August 2012 |accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref> |- !scope=row|2 |rowspan=2|14 November 2012||rowspan=2|[[Stade Josy Barthel]], [[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg||rowspan=2|5||rowspan=2|{{fb|Luxembourg}}||1–0||rowspan=2|2–1||rowspan=2|[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite news |first=Alasdair |last=Lamont |title=Luxembourg 1–2 Scotland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/scotland/20292831 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=14 November 2012 |accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref> |- !scope=row|3 |2–0 |} {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=3|[[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] ||[[2007–08 Ipswich Town F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2007|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |8||1||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||8||1 |- |[[2008–09 Ipswich Town F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2008|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |Championship |2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !10!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=2|—!!10!!1 |- |[[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location=|isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/118 118]–119}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |4||0||1||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||2 |- |[[Rochdale A.F.C.|Rochdale]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Rochdale A.F.C. season|2008–09]] |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |5||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||2 |- |[[برنتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|برنتفورد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Brentford F.C. season|2008–09]] |League Two |14||7||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||14||7 |- |rowspan=5|[[هادرزفیلد تاون فوتبال کولوبو|هادرزفیلد تاون]] |[[2009–10 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2009|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |45||19||3||1||2||3||3{{efn|One appearance in [[2009–10 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]], two in [[2010 Football League play-offs#League One|League One play-offs]]}}||0||53||23 |- |[[2010–11 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2010|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |League One |37||16||4||1||1||1||6{{efn|Four appearances and four goals in [[2010–11 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]], two in [[2011 Football League play-offs#League One|League One play-offs]]}}||4||48||22 |- |[[2011–12 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2011|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |League One |40||36||0||0||1||2||4{{efn|One appearance in [[2011–12 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]], three appearances and two goals in [[2012 Football League play-offs#League One|League One play-offs]]}}||2||45||40 |- |[[2012–13 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2012|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |Championship |2||2||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||2||2 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !124!!73!!7!!2!!4!!6!!13!!6!!148!!87 |- |rowspan=5|[[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] |[[2012–13 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2012–13]] |Championship |43||27||5||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||48||28 |- |[[2013–14 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2013|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |Championship |46||25||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||48||25 |- |[[2014–15 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|46684|2014|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |Championship |45||21||2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||47||21 |- |[[2015–16 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="Games played by Jordan Rhodes in 2015/2016">{{Soccerbase season|46684|2015|name=Jordan Rhodes|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> |Championship |25||10||1||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||26||11 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !159!!83!!9!!2!!1!!0!!colspan=2|—!!169!!85 |- |rowspan=3|[[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] |[[2015–16 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2015–16]] |Championship |18||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||18||6 |- |[[2016–17 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="Games played by Jordan Rhodes in 2016/2017">{{cite web |title=Games played by Jordan Rhodes in 2016/2017 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=46684&season_id=149 |work=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |6||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||6||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !24!!6!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=2|—!!24!!6 |- |[[شفیلد ونزدی فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد ونزدی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2016–17 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|2016–17]] |Championship |18||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2017 English Football League play-offs#Championship|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||20||3 |- |[[شفیلد ونزدی فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد ونزدی]] |[[2017–18 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|2017-18]] |Championship |31 |5 |3 |0 |1 |2 |0 |0 |35 |7 |- |[[نوریچ سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوریچ سیتی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2018–19 Norwich City F.C. season|2018-19]] |Championship |29 |6 |1 |0 |3 |3 |0 |0 |33 |9 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !418!!186!!21!!6!!9!!11!!15!!6!!463!!210 |} {{notelist}} {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=5|[[ایسکاتلند میلّی فوتبال تیمی|ایسکاتلند]] |2011||1||0 |- |2012||4||3 |- |2013||6||0 |- |2015||2||0 |- |2017||1||0 |- !colspan=2|Total!!14!!3 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Jordan Rhodes | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] o3iv4j3oj4zjw3qsb4veqhzeuglwnhm 0 331304 1590637 1545526 2026-07-15T07:00:31Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Antonio Valencia | image = Manchester United v Manchester City, October 2016 (19).JPG | image_size = 250 | caption = Valencia with [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] in 2016 | fullname = Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera<ref>{{cite web |title=Squads for 2016/17 Premier League confirmed |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/84136 |work=PremierLeague.com |publisher=Premier League |date=1 September 2016 |accessdate=13 February 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|8|4|df=y}}<ref name="Profile">{{cite web |title=Antonio Valencia |url=http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html |work=wiganlatics.co.uk |publisher=Wigan Athletic FC |accessdate=16 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html |archive-date=17 May 2008 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all |archivedate=2008-05-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Nueva Loja|Lago Agrio]], Ecuador | height = {{convert|5|ft|11|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rollin |editor1-first=Glenda |editor2-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2009–2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse |publisher=Headline |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7553-1948-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse/page/556 556] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hugman |first=Barry J. |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2009–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8 |year=2009 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-474-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8/page/n419 418] }}</ref> | currentclub = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] | clubnumber = 25 | position = [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Right-back]]<br />[[Midfielder#Winger|Right winger]] | youthyears1 = 1999–2001 |youthclubs1 = Caribe Junior | youthyears2 = 2001–2003 |youthclubs2 = [[دیبورتیفو ال ناسیونال فوتبال کولوبو|دیبورتیفو ال ناسیونال]] | years1 = 2003–2005 |clubs1 = [[دیبورتیفو ال ناسیونال فوتبال کولوبو|دیبورتیفو ال ناسیونال]] |caps1 = 84 |goals1 = 12 | years2 = 2005–2008 |clubs2 = [[ویارئال فوتبال کولوبو|ویارئال]] |caps2 = 2 |goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2005–2006 |clubs3 = → [[رکریتیوو اوئلوا فوتبال کولوبو|رکریتیوو اوئلوا]] (loan) |caps3 = 12 |goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2006–2008 |clubs4 = → [[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] (loan) |caps4 = 37 |goals4 = 1 | years5 = 2008–2009 |clubs5 = [[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] |caps5 = 47 |goals5 = 6 | years6 = 2009– |clubs6 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |caps6 = 239 |goals6 = 17<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = 2004– |nationalteam1 = [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]] |nationalcaps1 = 93 |nationalgoals1 = 11 | pcupdate = 17:28, 22 September 2018 (UTC) | ntupdate = 15 November 2018 }} '''آنتونیو والنسیا''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Antonio Valencia) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1985|8|4|df=y}} [[Nueva Loja|Lago Agrio]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اکوادور]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. [[فیفا دونیا کاپی ۲۰۱۴]] اوْیونلاریندا مئیدانا گئدیب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[دیبورتیفو ال ناسیونال فوتبال کولوبو|دیبورتیفو ال ناسیونال]] |[[2003 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A|2003]] |[[Ecuadorian Serie A]] |29||3||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||29||3 |- |[[2004 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A|2004]] |Ecuadorian Serie A |41||5||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||4||0||colspan="2"|–||45||5 |- |[[2005 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A|2005]] |Ecuadorian Serie A |14||4||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||14||4 |- !colspan=2|Total !84!!12!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!88!!12 |- |[[ویارئال فوتبال کولوبو|ویارئال]] |[[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]] |[[لا لیگا]] |2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||0||0||colspan="2"|–||2||0 |- |[[رکریتیوو اوئلوا فوتبال کولوبو|رکریتیوو اوئلوا]] (loan) |[[2005–06 Segunda División|2005–06]] |[[Segunda División]] |12||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||12||0 |- |rowspan="3"|[[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] (loan) |[[2006–07 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2006–07]] |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |22||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||22||1 |- |[[2007–08 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2007–08]] |Premier League |15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||15||0 |- !colspan=2|Total !37!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!37!!1 |- |rowspan="3"|Wigan Athletic |2007–08 |Premier League |16||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||17||3 |- |[[2008–09 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2008–09]] |Premier League |31||3||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||35||3 |- !colspan=2|Total !47!!6!!2!!0!!3!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!52!!6 |- |rowspan="11"|[[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |[[2009–10 Manchester United F.C. season|2009–10]] |Premier League |34||5||1||0||4||0||9||2||1{{efn|name=FACS|Appearance in [[FA Community Shield]]}}||0||49||7 |- |[[2010–11 Manchester United F.C. season|2010–11]] |Premier League |10||1||2||0||0||0||7||1||1{{efn|name=FACS}}||1||20||3 |- |[[2011–12 Manchester United F.C. season|2011–12]] |Premier League |27||4||2||0||3||1||6||1||0||0||38||6 |- |[[2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season|2012–13]] |Premier League |30||1||6||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|–||40||1 "|- " |[[2013–14 Manchester United F.C. season|2013–14]] |Premier League |29||2||1||0||3||0||10||2||1{{efn|name=FACS}}||0||44||4 "|- " |[[2014–15 Manchester United F.C. season|2014–15]] |Premier League |32||0||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||35||0 |- |[[2015–16 Manchester United F.C. season|2015–16]] |Premier League |14||0|||3||0||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|–||22||0 |- |[[2016–17 Manchester United F.C. season|2016–17]] |Premier League |28||1||1||0||4||0||9||0||1{{efn|name=FACS}}||0||43||1 "|- " |[[2017–18 Manchester United F.C. season|2017–18]] |Premier League |31||3||3||0||0||0||4||0||1{{efn|name=USC|Appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]]}}||0||39||3 |- |[[2018–19 Manchester United F.C. season|2018–19]] |Premier League |5||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|–||8||0 "|- " !colspan="2"|Total !240!!17!!22!!0!!15!!1!!56!!6!!5!!1!!338!!25 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !422!!36!!24!!0!!18!!1!!60!!6!!5!!1!!529!!44 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Antonio Valencia | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۸۵-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:ایسپانیاداکی اکوادورلو غوربتچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:ویارئال کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:رکریتیوو اوئلوا کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ویقان اتلتیک کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:منچستر یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۶ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۱۴ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:اینگلیسده‌کی اکوادورلو غوربتچیلر]] fvap5ubwaavsu2cmfyc2pp8aepn4vff 0 331928 1590714 1555186 2026-07-15T10:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Stern John | image = SternJohn cropped.jpg | image_size = 180 | fullname = Stern John<ref name=Hugman>{{Hugman|10197|accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|10|30|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman/> | birth_place = [[Tunapuna]], Trinidad and Tobago | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | currentclub = [[Central F.C.]] (player-coach) | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | youthyears1 = 1995 | youthclubs1 = [[Mercer Community College|Mercer CC]] | years1 = 1996 | clubs1 = Malta Carib Alcons | caps1 = 7 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 1997 | clubs2 = [[Carolina Dynamo]] | caps2 = 5 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 1997 | clubs3 = [[New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers]] | caps3 = 26 | goals3 = 16 | years4 = 1998–1999 | clubs4 = [[کولمبوس کرو]] | caps4 = 55 | goals4 = 44 | years5 = 1999–2002 | clubs5 = [[ناتینقهام فارست فوتبال کولوبو|ناتینقهام فارست]] | caps5 = 72 | goals5 = 18 | years6 = 2002–2004 | clubs6 = [[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] | caps6 = 77 | goals6 = 16 | years7 = 2004–2007 | clubs7 = [[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] | caps7 = 78 | goals7 = 26 | years8 = 2005 | clubs8 = → [[دربی کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|دربی کانتی]] (loan) | caps8 = 7 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2007 | clubs9 = [[ساندرلند فوتبال کولوبو|ساندرلند]] | caps9 = 16 | goals9 = 5 | years10 = 2007–2009 | clubs10 = [[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] | caps10 = 47 | goals10 = 19 | years11 = 2008–2009 | clubs11 = → [[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] (loan) | caps11 = 24 | goals11 = 2 | years12 = 2009–2010 | clubs12 = [[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] | caps12 = 16 | goals12 = 2 | years13 = 2009–2010 | clubs13 = → [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] (loan) | caps13 = 7 | goals13 = 1 | years14 = 2011–2012 | clubs14 = [[North East Stars]] | caps14 = | goals14 = | years15 = 2012 | clubs15 = [[Solihull Moors]] | caps15 = | goals15 = | years16 = 2014 | clubs16 = [[WASA F.C.|WASA FC]] | caps16 = | goals16 = | years17 = 2017– | clubs17 = [[Central F.C.]] | totalcaps = | totalgoals = | nationalyears1 = 1995–2011<ref name="rsssfint">{{Cite news|title=Stern John – Century of International Appearances|publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/john-intlg.html}}</ref> | nationalteam1 = [[Trinidad and Tobago national football team|Trinidad and Tobago]] | nationalcaps1 = 115 | nationalgoals1 = 70 | manageryears1 = 2017– | managerclubs1 = [[Central F.C.]] | club-update = 11:38, 11 February 2014 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }} '''استرن جان''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Stern John) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1976|10|30|df=y}} [[Tunapuna]]) کئچمیشده بیر فوتبالیست و ایندیلیکده بیر مربی اوْلاراق چالیشیر. [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Club statistics |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- ! Division!! Apps!! Goals!! Apps!! Goals!! Apps!! Goals!! Apps!! Goals!! Apps!! Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[کولمبوس کرو]] |[[1998 Columbus Crew season|1998]]<ref name=MLSCrew>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/players/stern-john |title=Stern John |publisher=MLS |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrew.com/history/1998_archive.shtml |title=1998 Columbus Crew Match Reports |website=TheCrew.com |publisher=SportsNet Ohio |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020209093104/http://www.thecrew.com/history/1998_archive.shtml |archivedate=9 February 2002 |deadurl=unfit }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/19051/us-open-cup-third-round-results-july-7.html |title=U.S. Open Cup: Third-Round results (July 7) |website=Soccer America |date=8 July 1998 |accessdate=23 November 2014 |archivedate=2016-03-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306192753/http://www.socceramerica.com/article/19051/us-open-cup-third-round-results-july-7.html }}</ref> |[[Major League Soccer]] |27||26||3||1|| || ||5{{efn|Appearances in [[MLS Cup Playoffs]]|name=MLSPO}}||3||35||30 |- |[[1999 Columbus Crew season|1999]]<ref name=MLSCrew/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/8510/us-open-cup-third-round-results-july-13.html |title=U.S. Open Cup: Third-round results (July 13) |accessdate=2019-02-24 |archivedate=2016-03-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331031051/http://www.socceramerica.com/article/8510/us-open-cup-third-round-results-july-13.html }} and {{cite web |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/8193/us-open-cup-rochester-and-colorado-advance-to-f.html |title=U.S. Open Cup: Rochester and Colorado advance to final |website=Soccer America |accessdate=23 November 2014 |archivedate=2016-03-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025852/http://www.socceramerica.com/article/8193/us-open-cup-rochester-and-colorado-advance-to-f.html }}</ref> |Major League Soccer |28||18||2||2|| || ||5{{efn|name=MLSPO}}||5||35||25 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="2"|Total |55||44||5||3|| || ||10||8||70||55 |- |rowspan="4"|[[ناتینقهام فارست فوتبال کولوبو|ناتینقهام فارست]] |[[1999–2000 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|18633|1999|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Football League First Division|First Division]] |17||3||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||3 |- |[[2000–01 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2000|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |First Division |29||2||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|—||32||3 |- |[[2001–02 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2001|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref>Two league appearances not included in ''Soccerbase'' source: {{cite book |editor1-last=Rollin |editor1-first=Glenda |editor2-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2009–2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse |publisher=Headline |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7553-1948-0 |last-author-amp=yes |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse/page/534 534]}}</ref> |First Division |26||13||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|—||28||14 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="2"|Total |72||18||5||0||3||2||colspan="2"|—||80||20 |- |rowspan="5"|[[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] |[[2001–02 Birmingham City F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102/> |First Division |15||7||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[Football League play-offs]]}}||1||18||8 |- |[[2002–03 Birmingham City F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2002|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |30||5||1||1||1||3||colspan="2"|—||32||9 |- |[[2003–04 Birmingham City F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2003|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}<br>Four league appearances not included in ''Soccerbase'' source: {{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.career-history.html/stern-john |title=Stern John |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=23 November 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Premier League |29||4||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||32||4 |- |[[2004–05 Birmingham City F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2004|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |Premier League |3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3||0 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="2"|Total |77||16||3||1||2||3||3||1||85||21 |- |rowspan="4"|[[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] |[[2004–05 Coventry City F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405/> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |30||11||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||33||12 |- |[[2005–06 Coventry City F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2005|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |Championship |25||10||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||29||11 |- |[[2006–07 Coventry City F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2006|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |Championship |23||5||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||26||6 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="2"|Total |78||26||7||3||3||0||colspan="2"|—||88||29 |- |[[دربی کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|دربی کانتی]] (loan) |[[2005–06 Derby County F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506/> |Championship |7||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7||0 |- |rowspan="3"|[[ساندرلند فوتبال کولوبو|ساندرلند]] |[[2006–07 Sunderland A.F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607/> |Championship |15||4||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||4 |- |[[2007–08 Sunderland A.F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2007|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |Premier League |1||1||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||1||1 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="2"|Total |16||5||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||16||5 |- |rowspan="3"|[[ساوت‌همپتون فوتبال کولوبو|ساوت‌همپتون]] |[[2007–08 Southampton F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708/> |Championship |40||19||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||42||19 |- |[[2008–09 Southampton F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2008|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |Championship |7||0||colspan="2"|—||3||1||colspan="2"|—||10||1 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="2"|Total |47||19||2||0||3||1||colspan="2"|—||52||20 |- |[[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] (loan) |[[2008–09 Bristol City F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> |Championship |24||2||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||26||2 |- |[[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] |[[2009–10 Crystal Palace F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{Soccerbase season|18633|2009|name=Stern John|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> |Championship |16||2||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||16||2 |- |[[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] (loan) |[[2009–10 Ipswich Town F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |Championship |7||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||9||1 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#f3f3f3;" |colspan="3"|Career total |399||133||26||7||11||6||13||9||449||155 |} {{notelist}} {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- ! # !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Competition !! Scored |- | 1 || 15 February 1995 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|FIN}} || 2–1 || Friendly || 1 |- | 2 || 6 March 1996 || Miami, United States || {{fb|HAI}} || 2–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 3 || 2 June 1996 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|MTQ}} || 2–1 || [[1996 Caribbean Cup]] || 1* |- | 4, 5, 6 || 23 June 1996 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|DOM}} || 8–0 || [[1998 FIFA World Cup qualification|1998 World Cup qualifier]] || 3 |- | 7 || 18 December 1997 || [[Fort-de-France]], Martinique || {{fb|MTQ}} || 2–3 || Friendly || 1* |- | 8 || 4 January 1998 || [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]] || {{fb|BRB}} || 1–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 9, 10 || 1 February 1998 || [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], United States || {{fb|HON}} || 3–1 || [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup]] || 2 |- | 11 || 22 July 1998 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|ATG}} || 3–2 || [[1998 Caribbean Cup]] || 1 |- | 12, 13 || 24 July 1998 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|MTQ}} || 2–1 || [[1998 Caribbean Cup]] || 2* |- | 14, 15, 16, 17 || 26 July 1998 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|DMA}} || 8–0 || [[1998 Caribbean Cup]] || 4 |- | 18, 19 || 29 July 1998 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|HAI}} || 4–1 || [[1998 Caribbean Cup]] || 2 |- | 20 || 31 July 1998 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|JAM}} || 1–2 || [[1998 Caribbean Cup]] || 1 |- | 21 || 28 March 1999 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|JAM}} || 2–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 22 || 6 May 1999 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|RSA}} || 2–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 23 || 3 June 1999 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|JAM}} || 1–0 || [[1999 Caribbean Cup]] || 1 |- | 24 || 11 June 1999 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|HAI}} || 6–1 || [[1999 Caribbean Cup]] || 1 |- | 25 || 13 June 1999 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|CUB}} || 2–1 || [[1999 Caribbean Cup]] || 1 |- | 26, 27, 28 || 8 September 1999 || Miami, United States || {{fb|COL}} || 4–3 || Friendly || 3 |- | 29, 30 || 17 November 1999 || [[Tegucigalpa]], [[هندوراس]] || {{fb|HON}} || 2–3 || Friendly || 2 |- | 31 || 25 February 2001 || [[Grand Cayman]], [[Cayman Islands]] || {{fb|CAY}} || 3–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 32, 33 || 15 May 2001 || [[Malabar, Trinidad and Tobago|Malabar]], Trinidad and Tobago || {{fb|BRB}} || 5–0 || [[2001 Caribbean Cup]] || 2 |- | 34 || 22 May 2001 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|CUB}} || 2–0 || [[2001 Caribbean Cup]] || 1 |- | 35 || 16 June 2001 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|HON}} || 2–4 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification|2002 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 36, 37 || 23 June 2001 || Prospect, [[Bermuda]] || {{fb|BER}} || 5–0 || Friendly || 2 |- | 38 || 30 June 2001 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|JAM}} || 1–2 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification|2002 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 39 || 7 October 2001 || [[San Pedro Sula]], [[هندوراس]] || {{fb|HON}} || 1–0 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification|2002 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 40 || 20 January 2002 || Miami, United States || {{fb|CRC}} || 1–1 || [[2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup]] || 1 |- | 41 || 26 March 2003 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|ATG}} || 2–0 || [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification|2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 42 || 28 March 2003 || [[Tunapuna]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|GPE}} || 1–0 || [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification|2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualifier]] || 1* |- | 43 || 30 March 2003 || [[Marabella]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|CUB}} || 1–3 || [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification|2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 44, 45 || 3 July 2003 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|VEN}} || 2–2 || Friendly || 2 |- | 46 || 31 March 2004 || [[قاهیره]], [[میصر]] || {{fb|EGY}} || 1–2 || Friendly || 1 |- | 47, 48 || 23 May 2004 || [[West Bromwich]], England || {{fb|IRQ|1991}} || 2–0 || Friendly || 2 |- | 49 || 30 May 2004 || [[ادینبورق]], [[ایسکاتلند]] || {{fb|SCO}} || 1–4 || Friendly || 1 |- | 50, 51 || 13 June 2004 || [[Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] || {{fb|DOM}} || 4–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 2 |- | 52 || 4 September 2004 || [[Basseterre]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || {{fb|SKN}} || 2–1 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 53 || 8 September 2004 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|MEX}} || 1–3 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 54, 55 || 13 June 2004 || [[Marabella]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|SKN}} || 5–1 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 2 |- | 56 || 3 February 2005 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|HAI}} || 2–1 || Friendly || 1 |- | 57 || 25 May 2005 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|BER}} || 4–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 58 || 27 May 2005 || [[Marabella]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|BER}} || 1–0 || Friendly || 1 |- | 59 || 4 June 2005 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|PAN}} || 2–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 60, 61 || 3 September 2005 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|GUA}} || 3–2 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 2 |- | 62 || 8 October 2005 || [[Panama City]], [[پاناما]] || {{fb|PAN}} || 1–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 63, 64 || 12 October 2005 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|MEX}} || 2–1 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification|2006 World Cup qualifier]] || 2 |- | 65 || 27 May 2006 || [[قراتس]], [[اوتریش]] || {{fb|WAL}} || 1–2 || Friendly || 1 |- | 66, 67 || 7 October 2006 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|VIN}} || 5–0 || Friendly || 2 |- | 68 || 15 June 2008 || [[Tunapuna]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|BER}} || 1–2 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification|2010 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 69 || 22 June 2008 || [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]], Bermuda || {{fb|BER}} || 2–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification|2010 World Cup qualifier]] || 1 |- | 70 || 21 August 2011 || [[Port of Spain]], [[ترینیداد و توباقو]] || {{fb|IND}} || 3–0 || Friendly || 1 |} {{refn|Matches against Martinique and Guadeloupe are not considered full internationals by FIFA.|group="note"}} @@@== قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Stern John | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۷۶-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:بیرمنقام سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:بریستول سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:کاونتری سیتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:کریستال پالاس کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:دربی کانتی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ایپسویچ تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ناتینقهام فارست کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ساوت‌همپتون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:ساندرلند کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۸ کونکاکاف قیزیل کاپ اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۲ کونکاکاف قیزیل کاپ اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۵ کونکاکاف قیزیل کاپ اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۲۰۰۶ فیفا دونیا کاپی اویونچولاری]] nq0j6hlzec61qgtwf47xcxhngn77n1y 0 332241 1590708 833902 2026-07-15T09:43:31Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Dean Whitehead | image = DeanWhitehead crop.JPG | image_size = 200 | caption = Whitehead playing for [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] in 2010 | fullname = Dean Whitehead<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=11 February 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|1|12|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11">{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2011 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/436 436]}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Abingdon-on-Thames|Abingdon]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11"/> | position = [[Midfielder#Central midfielder|Central midfielder]] / [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Right-back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Abingdon Town F.C.|Abingdon Town]] | youthyears2 = {{0|0000}}–1999 | youthclubs2 = [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]] | years1 = 1999–2004 | clubs1 = [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]] | caps1 = 122 | goals1 = 9 | years2 = 2004–2009 | clubs2 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] | caps2 = 185 | goals2 = 13 | years3 = 2009–2013 | clubs3 = [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] | caps3 = 132 | goals3 = 3 | years4 = 2013–2015 | clubs4 = [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] | caps4 = 55 | goals4 = 1 | years5 = 2015–2018 | clubs5 = [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] | caps5 = 54 | goals5 = 0 | totalcaps = 548 | totalgoals = 26 | club-update = }} '''دین وایت‌هد''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Dean Whitehead) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1982|1|12|df=y}} [[ابینقدن، آکسفوردشر]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[هافبک]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Dean Whitehead | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] ady1x1ntichoca830nofcb69slctysc 0 332320 1590672 1551867 2026-07-15T08:15:25Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Scott Loach | image = Loach, Scott.jpg | image_size = 220 | caption = Loach in 2014 | fullname = Scott James Loach<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2016/june/efl-club-retained-and-released-lists-published/ |title=EFL: Club retained and released lists published |publisher=English Football League |date=23 June 2016 |accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|5|27|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n256 255]}}</ref> | birth_place = [[ناتینقهام]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=3}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Notts County FC player profiles: Scott Loach |url=http://www.nottscountyfc.co.uk/team/player-profile/scott-loach/13 |publisher=Notts County F.C. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323160227/http://www.nottscountyfc.co.uk/team/player-profile/scott-loach/13 |archivedate=23 March 2017 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] | clubnumber = 1 | youthyears1 = 1997–2000 | youthclubs1 = [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] | youthyears2 = 2002–2003 | youthclubs2 = Southwell United | youthyears3 = 2003–2004 | youthclubs3 = [[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]] | years1 = 2004–2006 | clubs1 = [[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2004 | clubs2 = → [[Bourne Town F.C.|Bourne Town]] (loan) | caps2 = 2 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2004 | clubs3 = → [[Radcliffe Olympic F.C.|Radcliffe Olympic]] (loan) | caps3 = | goals3 = | years4 = 2005 | clubs4 = → [[Boston Town F.C.|Boston Town]] (loan) | caps4 = | goals4 = | years5 = 2005 | clubs5 = → [[Spalding United F.C.|Spalding United]] (loan) | caps5 = | goals5 = | years6 = 2005 | clubs6 = → [[Lincoln United F.C.|Lincoln United]] (loan) | caps6 = 1 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2005 | clubs7 = → [[Boston Town F.C.|Boston Town]] (loan) | caps7 = | goals7 = | years8 = 2006 | clubs8 = → [[Grantham Town F.C.|Grantham Town]] (loan) | caps8 = 1 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2006–2012 | clubs9 = [[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] | caps9 = 154 | goals9 = 0 | years10 = 2007 | clubs10 = → [[Stafford Rangers F.C.|Stafford Rangers]] (loan) | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 0 | years11 = 2007 | clubs11 = → [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] (loan) | caps11 = 2 | goals11 = 0 | years12 = 2008 | clubs12 = → [[برادفورد سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|برادفورد سیتی]] (loan) | caps12 = 20 | goals12 = 0 | years13 = 2012–2014 | clubs13 = [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] | caps13 = 28 | goals13 = 0 | years14 = 2014–2015 | clubs14 = [[روترهام یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|روترهام یونایتد]] | caps14 = 2 | goals14 = 0 | years15 = 2014 | clubs15 = → [[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] (loan) | caps15 = 2 | goals15 = 0 | years16 = 2015 | clubs16 = → [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] (loan) | caps16 = 5 | goals16 = 0 | years17 = 2015 | clubs17 = → [[یئوویل تاون فوتبال کولوبو|یئوویل تاون]] (loan) | caps17 = 6 | goals17 = 0 | years18 = 2015–2017 | clubs18 = [[نوتس کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوتس کانتی]] | caps18 = 17 | goals18 = 0 | years19 = 2017 | clubs19 = → [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) | caps19 = 9 | goals19 = 0 | years20 = 2017– | clubs20 = [[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] | caps20 = 73 | goals20 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2009–2011 | nationalteam1 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 14 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 17:00, 29 December 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }} '''اسکات لوچ''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Scott Loach) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1988|5|27|df=y}} [[ناتینقهام]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[قولر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=3|[[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]] |[[2004–05 Lincoln City F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405>{{soccerbase season|46249|2004|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2005–06 Lincoln City F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{soccerbase season|46249|2005|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |League Two |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0 |- |[[Bourne Town F.C.|Bourne Town]] (بوْرچ) |2004–05<ref name=Bourne>{{cite news |title=Wakes will get it right |url=http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/sport/wakes-will-get-it-right-1-504155 |newspaper=Stamford Mercury |date=26 August 2004 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |archive-date=2017-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324173648/http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/sport/wakes-will-get-it-right-1-504155 |dead-url=yes |archivedate=2017-03-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324173648/http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/sport/wakes-will-get-it-right-1-504155 }}<br />{{cite news |title=Wakes hoping for cup joy |url=http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/sport/wakes-hoping-for-cup-joy-1-504167 |newspaper=Stamford Mercury |date=2 September 2004 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |archive-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002217/http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/sport/wakes-hoping-for-cup-joy-1-504167 |dead-url=yes |archivedate=2017-05-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002217/http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/sport/wakes-hoping-for-cup-joy-1-504167 }}</ref> |[[United Counties League]] Premier Division |2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- |[[Lincoln United F.C.|Lincoln United]] (بوْرچ) |[[2005–06 Northern Premier League#Premier Division|2005–06]]<ref name="Player details: Season 2005–2006: Scott Loach">{{cite web |title=Player details: Season 2005–2006: Scott Loach |url=http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=7647 |website=SoccerFactsUK |accessdate=23 March 2017 |archive-date=2017-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323183904/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=7647 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-03-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323183904/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=7647 }}</ref> |[[Northern Premier League]] Premier Division |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[Grantham Town F.C.|Grantham Town]] (بوْرچ) |[[2005–06 Southern Football League#Premier Division|2005–06]]<ref name="Player details: Season 2005–2006: Scott Loach"/> |[[Southern Football League|Southern League]] Premier Division |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |rowspan=7|[[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] |[[2006–07 Watford F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607>{{soccerbase season|46249|2006|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- |[[2007–08 Watford F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{soccerbase season|46249|2007|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[2008–09 Watford F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{soccerbase season|46249|2008|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |Championship |31||0||3||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||38||0 |- |[[2009–10 Watford F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{soccerbase season|46249|2009|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |Championship |46||0||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||47||0 |- |[[2010–11 Watford F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{soccerbase season|46249|2010|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |Championship |46||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||46||0 |- |[[2011–12 Watford F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{soccerbase season|46249|2011|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |Championship |31||0||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||32||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !154!!0!!5!!0!!4!!0!!0!!0!!163!!0 |- |[[Stafford Rangers F.C.|Stafford Rangers]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2007–08]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/272 272]–273}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |11||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||11||0 |- |[[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Morecambe F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708/> |League Two |2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|name=FLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||3||0 |- |[[برادفورد سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|برادفورد سیتی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Bradford City A.F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708/> |League Two |20||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||0 |- |rowspan=3|[[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] |[[2012–13 Ipswich Town F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{soccerbase season|46249|2012|accessdate=30 January 2018}}</ref> |Championship |22||0||1||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||25||0 |- |[[2013–14 Ipswich Town F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{soccerbase season|46249|2013|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |Championship |6||0||2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||8||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !28!!0!!3!!0!!2!!0!!colspan=2|—!!33!!0 |- |[[روترهام یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|روترهام یونایتد]] |[[2014–15 Rotherham United F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|46249|2014|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |Championship |2||0||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] (بوْرچ) |[[2014–15 Bury F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415/> |League Two |2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|name=FLT}}||0||3||0 |- |[[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] (بوْرچ) |[[2014–15 Peterborough United F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415/> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[یئوویل تاون فوتبال کولوبو|یئوویل تاون]] (بوْرچ) |[[2014–15 Yeovil Town F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415/> |League One |6||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||0 |- |rowspan=3|[[نوتس کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوتس کانتی]] |[[2015–16 Notts County F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|46249|2015|accessdate=23 March 2017}}</ref> |League Two |14||0||0||0||0||0||2{{efn|name=FLT}}||0||16||0 |- |[[2016–17 Notts County F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|46249|2016|accessdate=17 July 2017}}</ref> |League Two |3||0||1||0||0||0||3{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]}}||0||7||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !17!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!5!!0!!23!!0 |- |[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2016–17 National League#National League|2016–17]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |[[National League (division)|National League]] |9||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||9||0 |- |rowspan=3|[[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] |[[2017–18 National League#National League|2017–18]]<ref name=Soccerway>{{cite web |title=S. Loach: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/scott-loach/5901/ |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=2 May 2018}}</ref> |National League |46||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[FA Trophy]]}}||0||49||0 |- |[[2018–19 National League#National League|2018–19]]<ref name=Soccerway/> |National League |23||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||26||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !69!!0!!5!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!75!!0 |- !colspan=3|Career total !329!!0!!12!!0!!8!!0!!8!!0!!359!!0 |} {{notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Scott Loach | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] cq706mbjep4fd376cswakzechezgun3 0 333562 1590726 1587900 2026-07-15T10:37:26Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Andre Gray | image = Andre Gray 2016.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Gray playing for [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] in 2016 | fullname = Andre Anthony Gray<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n179 178]}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|6|26|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman1011/> | birth_place = [[ولورهمپتون]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=10}}<ref name=Hugman1011/> | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | currentclub = [[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] | clubnumber = 18 | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2004 | youthclubs1 = [[ولورهمپتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|ولورهمپتون واندررز]] | youthyears2 = 2004–2009 | youthclubs2 = [[شروزبری تاون فوتبال کولوبو|شروزبری تاون]] | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = [[شروزبری تاون فوتبال کولوبو|شروزبری تاون]] | caps1 = 4 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2009–2010 | clubs2 = → [[A.F.C. Telford United|AFC Telford United]] (loan) | caps2 = 6 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2010 | clubs3 = → [[Hinckley United F.C.|Hinckley United]] (loan) | caps3 = 5 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2010–2012 | clubs4 = [[Hinckley United F.C.|Hinckley United]] | caps4 = 65 | goals4 = 29 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = → [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] (loan) | caps5 = 9 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2012–2014 | clubs6 = [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] | caps6 = 88 | goals6 = 47 | years7 = 2014–2015 | clubs7 = [[برنتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|برنتفورد]] | caps7 = 47 | goals7 = 18 | years8 = 2015–2017 | clubs8 = [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] | caps8 = 73 | goals8 = 32 | years9 = 2017– | clubs9 = [[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] | caps9 = 46 | goals9 = 8 | nationalyears1 = 2012–2014 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football C team|England C]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | club-update = 22:20, 4 December 2018 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }} '''آندره قری''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Andre Gray) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1991|6|26|df=y}} [[ولورهمپتون]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[شروزبری تاون فوتبال کولوبو|شروزبری تاون]] |[[2009–10 Shrewsbury Town F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{soccerbase season|51675|2009|accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |4||0||0||0||0||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]}}||0||5||0 |- |[[A.F.C. Telford United]] (loan) |[[2009–10 Football Conference#Conference North|2009–10]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2011 1">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2010 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-68-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/172 172]–173}}</ref> |[[Conference North]] |6||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||1 |- |[[Hinckley United F.C.|Hinckley United]] (loan) |2009–10<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2011 2">{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 |pages=216–217}}</ref> |Conference North |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |rowspan=3|Hinckley United |[[2010–11 Football Conference#Conference North|2010–11]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2012">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2012 |year=2011 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-70-1 |pages=220–221}}</ref> |Conference North |31||13||2||1||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|name=FAT|Appearances in [[FA Trophy]]}}||0||35||14 |- |[[2011–12 Football Conference#Conference North|2011–12]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2013 1">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike |year=2012 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-77-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000mike/page/222 222]–223}}</ref> |Conference North |34||16||7||5||colspan=2|—||4{{efn|name=FAT}}||2||45||23 |- !colspan=2|Total !70!!29!!9!!6!!colspan=2|—!!6!!2!!85!!37 |- |[[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] (loan) |[[2011–12 Luton Town F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2013 2">{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2013 |pages=104–105}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |9||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|Appearances in Conference Premier play-offs}}||2||12||7 |- |rowspan=3|Luton Town |[[2012–13 Luton Town F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=A. Gray |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/andre-gray/83681/ |work=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref> |Conference Premier |44||17||7||2||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|name=FAT}}||1||54||20 |- |[[2013–14 Luton Town F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=SW/> |Conference Premier |44||30||1||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||45||30 |- !colspan=2|Total !97!!52!!8!!2!!colspan=2|—!!6!!3!!111!!57 |- |rowspan=3|[[برنتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|برنتفورد]] |[[2014–15 Brentford F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|51675|2014|accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |45||16||1||0||2||1||2{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]}}||1||50||18 |- |[[2015–16 Brentford F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|51675|2015|accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref> |Championship |2||2||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||2||2 |- !colspan=2|Total !47!!18!!1!!0!!2!!1!!2!!1!!52!!20 |- |rowspan=3|[[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] |[[2015–16 Burnley F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516/> |Championship |41||23||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||42||23 |- |[[2016–17 Burnley F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|51675|2016|accessdate=9 August 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |32||9||3||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||36||10 |- !colspan=2|Total !73!!32!!4!!1!!1!!0!!colspan=2|—!!78!!33 |- |rowspan=3|[[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] |[[2017–18 Watford F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{soccerbase season|51675|2017|accessdate=13 May 2018}}</ref> |Premier League |31||5||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||33||5 |- |[[2018–19 Watford F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|51675|2018|accessdate=16 February 2019}}</ref> |Premier League |17||4||2||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||19||5 |- !colspan=2|Total !48!!9!!3!!1!!1!!0!!colspan=2|—!!52!!10 |- !colspan=3|Career total !345!!141!!25!!10!!4!!1!!15!!6!!389!!158 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Andre Gray | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۱-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:شروزبری تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:تلفورد یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:هینکلی یونایتد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:لوتون تاون کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:برنتفورد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:برنلی کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] [[بؤلمه:واتفورد کولوبونون اویونچولاری]] teiirvh2213awnhzq5zt3w8zjpkoztw 0 334366 1590638 845608 2026-07-15T07:03:57Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Phil Neville | image = Phil Neville Bohemians V Everton (43 of 51).jpg | image_size = 232 | caption = Neville playing for [[اورتون فوتبول کولوبو]] in 2011 | fullname = Philip John Neville<ref name="PFA 454">{{cite book |last=Hugman |first=Barry J. |title=The PFA Premier & Football League Players' Records 1946–2005 |publisher=Queen Anne Press |year=2005 |page=454 |isbn=1-85291-665-6 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|1|21|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Bury, Greater Manchester]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Barry J. |editor1-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2008–09 |year=2008 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-324-8 |page=310 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2008–2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_2008 |year=2008 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7553-1820-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_2008/page/471 471] }}</ref> | position = [[Defender (association football)|Full-back]]<br />[[هافبک]] | currentclub = [[England women's national football team|England Women]] (head coach) | youthyears1 = 1990–1994 |youthclubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy|Manchester United]] | years1 = 1994–2005 |clubs1 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |caps1 = 263 |goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2005–2013 |clubs2 = [[اورتون فوتبول کولوبو]] |caps2 = 242 |goals2 = 4 | totalcaps = 505 |totalgoals = 9 | nationalyears1 = 1992–1993 |nationalteam1 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 10 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 1993–1995 |nationalteam2 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] |nationalcaps2 = 6 |nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 1995–1996 |nationalteam3 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] |nationalcaps3 = 7 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2007 |nationalteam4 = [[England B national football team|England B]] |nationalcaps4 = 1 |nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 1996–2007 |nationalteam5 = [[اینگیلیس میلّی فوتبال تیمی|اینگیلیس]] |nationalcaps5 = 59 |nationalgoals5 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2015 |managerclubs1 = [[Salford City F.C.|Salford City]] (caretaker) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 |managerclubs2 = [[والنسیا فوتبال کولوبو|والنسیا]] (assistant) | manageryears3 = 2018– |managerclubs3 = [[England women's national football team|England Women]] }} '''فیل نویل''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Phil Neville) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1977|1|21|df=y}} [[Bury, Greater Manchester]]) کئچمیشده بیر فوتبالیست و ایندیلیکده بیر مربی اوْلاراق چالیشیر. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Phil Neville | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] jvrgmrdqscfcubnwzxgf7mxnccjpdb5 0 335119 1590660 863217 2026-07-15T07:55:17Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Max Clayton | image = Max Clayton.jpg | caption = Clayton in 2012 | image_size = 190 | fullname = Max James Clayton<ref name="Professional retain list & free transfers 2012/13">{{Cite news |title=Professional retain list & free transfers 2012/13 |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/staticFiles/4e/bd/0,,10794~179534,00.pdf |publisher=The Football League |format=PDF |date=18 May 2013 |page=34 |accessdate=25 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802074454/http://www.football-league.co.uk/staticFiles/4e/bd/0%2C%2C10794~179534%2C00.pdf |archivedate=2 August 2014 |df= }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|8|9|df=y}}<ref name="Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2010–2011">{{cite book|editor1-first=Glenda|editor1-last=Rollin|editor2-first=Jack|editor2-last=Rollin|title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2010–2011|url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_e2f2|year=2010|publisher=[[Headline Publishing Group|Headline]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-7553-6107-6|edition=41st}}</ref> | birth_place = [[کرو، چشر]], England | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2010–2011"/> | currentclub = [[بلکپول فوتبال کولوبو|بلکپول]] | clubnumber = 10 | position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2001–2011 | youthclubs1 = [[Crewe Alexandra F.C.|Crewe Alexandra]] | years1 = 2011–2014 | clubs1 = [[Crewe Alexandra F.C.|Crewe Alexandra]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 9 | years2 = 2014–2017 | clubs2 = [[بولتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|بولتون واندررز]] | caps2 = 27 | goals2 = 2 | years3 = 2017– | clubs3 = [[بلکپول فوتبال کولوبو|بلکپول]] | caps3 = 2 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2010 | nationalteam1 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2010–2011 | nationalteam2 = [[England national under-17 football team|England U17]] | nationalcaps2 = 21 | nationalgoals2 = 4 | nationalyears3 = 2011–2012 | nationalteam3 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2012–2013 | nationalteam4 = [[England national under-19 football team|England U19]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | club-update = 03:26, 1 May 2018 (UTC) | ntupdate = 14:43, 27 May 2013 (UTC) }} '''ماکس کلیتون''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Max Clayton) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1994|8|9|df=y}} [[کرو، چشر]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[بلکپول فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|کولوب !rowspan="2"|سیزون !colspan="3"|لیق !colspan="2"|[[FA Cup]] !colspan="2"|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan="5"|[[Crewe Alexandra F.C.|Crewe Alexandra]] |[[2010–11 Crewe Alexandra F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2010/2011">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2010|name=Max Clayton|access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0 |- |[[2011–12 Crewe Alexandra F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2011/2012">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2011|name=Max Clayton|access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref> |League Two |24||3||0||0||0||0||6<ref group=lower-alpha>Three appearances and one goal in [[2011–12 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]], three appearances and one goal in [[2012 Football League play-offs#League Two|League Two play-offs]]</ref>||2||30||5 |- |[[2012–13 Crewe Alexandra F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2012/2013">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2012|name=Max Clayton|access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |35||4||1||0||2||2||4<ref group=lower-alpha name=FLT>Appearances in [[Football League Trophy]]</ref>||3||42||9 |- |[[2013–14 Crewe Alexandra F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2013/2014">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2013|name=Max Clayton|access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref> |League One |13||2||2||0||1||0||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=FLT/>||0||18||2 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !74!!9!!3!!0!!3!!2!!12!!5!!92!!16 |- |rowspan="4"|[[بولتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|بولتون واندررز]] |[[2014–15 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2014/2015">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2014|name=Max Clayton|access-date=7 November 2014}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |9||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||9||1 |- |[[2015–16 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2015/2016">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2015|name=Max Clayton|access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |8||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||8||0 |- |[[2016–17 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="Games played by Max Clayton in 2016/2017">{{Soccerbase season|59295|2016|name=Max Clayton|access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |10||1||2||0||0||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=EFT>Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]</ref>||0||13||1 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !27!!2!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!30!!2 |- |[[بلکپول فوتبال کولوبو|بلکپول]] |[[2017–18 Blackpool F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name="MC17">{{soccerbase season|54530|2017|accessdate=19 July 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |0||0||0||0||1||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=EFT/>||0||2||0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !101!!11!!5!!0!!4!!2!!14!!5!!124!!18 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Max Clayton | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] kgc4qamjekrsn6eqe3gcl6m9u2qytiz 0 335681 1590653 1544226 2026-07-15T07:44:33Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ashley Barnes | image = Ashley Barnes Brighton vs Spurs.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Barnes playing for [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] in 2011 | fullname = Ashley Luke Barnes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=10 February 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|10|30|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11">{{Cite book | editor-first = Barry J. | editor-last = Hugman | title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 | url = https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 | year = 2010 | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | isbn = 978-1-84596-601-0 | page = [https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n34 33] }}</ref> | birth_place = [[باث]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | currentclub = [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = {{0|0000}}–2007 | clubs1 = [[Paulton Rovers F.C.|Paulton Rovers]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2007–2010 | clubs2 = [[Plymouth Argyle F.C.|Plymouth Argyle]] | caps2 = 22 | goals2 = 2 | years3 = 2007 | clubs3 = → [[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] (loan) | caps3 = 3 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2008 | clubs4 = → [[Salisbury City F.C.|Salisbury City]] (loan) | caps4 = 5 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2008–2009 | clubs5 = → [[ایست‌بورن بورو فوتبال کولوبو|ایست‌بورن بورو]] (loan) | caps5 = 8 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2010 | clubs6 = → [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]] (loan) | caps6 = 6 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2010 | clubs7 = → [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] (loan) | caps7 = 8 | goals7 = 4 | years8 = 2010–2014 | clubs8 = [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] | caps8 = 141 | goals8 = 42 | years9 = 2014– | clubs9 = [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] | caps9 = 146 | goals9 = 26 | nationalyears1 = 2008 | nationalteam1 = [[Austria national under-21 football team|Austria U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 22:23, 28 December 2018 (UTC) }} '''اشلی بارنز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Ashley Barnes) (دوْغوم: [[باث]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو]] و [[اوتریش]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=4|[[Plymouth Argyle F.C.|Plymouth Argyle]] |[[2007–08 Plymouth Argyle F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2007|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |0||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[2008–09 Plymouth Argyle F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2008|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |Championship |15||1||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||15||1 |- |[[2009–10 Plymouth Argyle F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2009|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |Championship |7||1||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||9||1 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !22||2||1||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||25||2 |- |[[اکسفورد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|اکسفورد یونایتد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2007–08]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 1">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/118 118]–119}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |3||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|Two appearances in [[2007–08 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]], one in [[2007–08 Conference League Cup|Conference League Cup]]}}||0||8||1 |- |[[Salisbury City F.C.|Salisbury City]] (بوْرچ) |2007–08<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 2">{{cite book |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |pages=130–131}}</ref> |Conference Premier |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[ایست‌بورن بورو فوتبال کولوبو|ایست‌بورن بورو]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2008–09]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2010">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/62 62]–63}}</ref> |Conference Premier |8||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[2008–09 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]]}}||0||9||5 |- |[[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Torquay United F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |6||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||0 |- |[[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Football League One|2009–10]]<ref name="sb0910"/> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |8||4||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||8||4 |- |rowspan=5|Brighton & Hove Albion |[[2010–11 Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2010|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |League One |42||18||6||2||0||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[2010–11 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||49||20 |- |[[2011–12 Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2011|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |Championship |43||11||4||1||3||2||colspan=2|—||50||14 |- |[[2012–13 Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2012|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |Championship |34||8||2||1||1||0||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2013 Football League play-offs#Championship|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||39||9 |- |[[2013–14 Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314/> |Championship |22||5||1||0||1||1||colspan=2|—||24||6 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !149||46||13||4||5||3||3||0||170||53 |- |rowspan=7|[[برنلی فوتبال کولوبو|برنلی]] |[[2013–14 Burnley F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2013|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> |Championship |21||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||21||3 |- |[[2014–15 Burnley F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2014|accessdate=18 August 2014}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |35||5||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||37||5 |- |[[2015–16 Burnley F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2015|accessdate=18 August 2014}}</ref> |Championship |8||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||8||0 |- |[[2016–17 Burnley F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2016|accessdate=7 September 2017}}</ref> |Premier League |28||6||3||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||31||6 |- |[[2017–18 Burnley F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2017|accessdate=11 February 2018}}</ref> |Premier League |36||9||1||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||39||10 |- |[[2018–19 Burnley F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{Soccerbase season|46576|2018|accessdate=3 August 2018}}</ref> |Premier League |25||7||0||0||1||0||5{{efn|Appearances in [[2018–19 UEFA Europa League|UEFA Europa League]]}}||1||31||8 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !153||30||5||1||4||0||5||1||167||32 |- !colspan=3|Career total !346||84||21||5||11||3||12||1||390||93 |} {{notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Ashley Barnes | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] oijm9i7353qtdlxzbwtsuwdomzygds1 0 335895 1590764 1494871 2026-07-15T11:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Marlon King | image = Marlon King vs Antwerp (cropped).jpg | caption = In pre-season with Birmingham, 2012 | fullname = Marlon Francis King | height = {{height|ft=6|in=1}}<ref name=sb0304/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|4|26|df=y}} | birth_place = [[دالیچ]], [[لندن]], England | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1998–2000 | clubs1 = [[بارنت فوتبال کولوبو|بارنت]] | caps1 = 53 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2000–2003 | clubs2 = [[قیلینقام فوتبال کولوبو|قیلینقام]] | caps2 = 101 | goals2 = 40 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[ناتینقهام فارست فوتبال کولوبو|ناتینقهام فارست]] | caps3 = 50 | goals3 = 10 | years4 = 2005 | clubs4 = → [[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] (loan) | caps4 = 9 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2005 | clubs5 = → [[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] (loan) | caps5 = 21 | goals5 = 12 | years6 = 2005–2008 | clubs6 = [[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] | caps6 = 81 | goals6 = 36 | years7 = 2008–2009 | clubs7 = [[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] | caps7 = 18 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2008–2009 | clubs8 = → [[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] (loan) | caps8 = 20 | goals8 = 5 | years9 = 2009 | clubs9 = → [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] (loan) | caps9 = 13 | goals9 = 2 | years10 = 2010–2011 | clubs10 = [[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] | caps10 = 28 | goals10 = 12 | years11 = 2011–2013 | clubs11 = [[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] | caps11 = 67 | goals11 = 29 | years12 = 2013 | clubs12 = [[شفیلد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد یونایتد]] | caps12 = 8 | goals12 = 1 | totalcaps = 469 | totalgoals = 162 | nationalyears1 = 2004–2013 | nationalteam1 = [[جاماییکا میلّی فوتبال تیمی|جاماییکا]] | nationalcaps1 = 24 | nationalgoals1 = 12 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = }} '''مارلون کینق''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Marlon King) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1980|4|26|df=y}} [[دالیچ]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[جاماییکا]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class="wikitable" ! No !! تاریخ !! یئر !! قارشی طرف !! امتیاز !! سوْنوچ !! یاریشما |- | 1. || 28 April 2004 || [[Independence Park (Jamaica)|Independence Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[جاماییکا]] || {{fb|VEN}} || align=center | '''1'''–0 || align=center | 2–1 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- | 2. || 12 June 2004 || [[Miami Orange Bowl]], [[Miami]], [[United States]] || {{fb|HAI}} || align=center | '''1'''–0 || align=center | 1–1 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Second Round|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 3. || rowspan="3" | 20 June 2004 || rowspan="3" | Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica || rowspan="3" | {{fb|HAI}} || align=center | '''1'''–0 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 3–0 || rowspan="3" | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 4. || align=center | '''2'''–0 |- | 5. || align=center | '''3'''–0 |- | 6. || rowspan="2" | 8 September 2004 || rowspan="2" | [[Estadio Cuscatlán]], [[San Salvador]], [[El Salvador]] || rowspan="2" | {{fb|SLV}} || align=center | '''1'''–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 3–0 || rowspan="2" | [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 7. || align=center | '''2'''–0 |- | 8. || 26 March 2008 || Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica || {{fb|TRI}} || align=center | '''1'''–0 || align=center | 2–2 || Friendly |- | 9. || rowspan="2" | 3 June 2008 || rowspan="2" | Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica || rowspan="2" | {{fb|VIN}} || align=center | '''2'''–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 5–1 || rowspan="2" | Friendly |- | 10. || align=center | '''3'''–0 |- | 11. || 15 June 2008 || Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica || {{fb|BAH}} || align=center | '''3'''–0 || align=center | 7–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Second Round|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 12. || 19 November 2008 || Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica || {{fb|CAN}} || align=center | '''2'''–0 || align=center | 3–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|کولوب !rowspan="2"|سیزون !colspan="3"|لیق !colspan="2"|[[FA Cup]] !colspan="2"|[[Football League Cup|League Cup]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan="2"|[[بارنت فوتبال کولوبو|بارنت]] |[[1998–99 Barnet F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|1998|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2010–2011|url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_e2f2|editor1-first=Glenda|editor1-last=Rollin|editor2-first=Jack|editor2-last=Rollin|publisher=Headline|year=2010|page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_e2f2/page/545 545]|isbn=978-0-7553-6107-6|last-author-amp=yes}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|[[Football League Third Division|Division Three]] |22||6||1||0||0||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]</ref>||0||24||6 |- |[[1999–2000 Barnet F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|1999|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |31||8||0||0||2||0||3<ref group=lower-alpha>Two appearances in Football League Trophy, one in [[Football League Two play-offs|Football League Third Division play-offs]]</ref>||0||36||8 |- !colspan="3"|Barnet total !53!!14!!1!!0!!2!!0!!4!!0!!60!!14 |- |rowspan="4"|[[قیلینقام فوتبال کولوبو|قیلینقام]] |[[2000–01 Gillingham F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2000|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|[[Football League First Division|Division One]] |38||15||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||43||15 |- |[[2001–02 Gillingham F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2001|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |42||17||3||1||3||2||colspan="2"|—||48||20 |- |[[2002–03 Gillingham F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2002|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |10||4||1||2||1||1||colspan="2"|—||12||7 |- |[[2003–04 Gillingham F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref name=sb0304>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2003|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |11||4||0||0||2||1||colspan="2"|—||13||5 |- !colspan="3"|Gillingham total !101!!40!!6!!3!!9!!4!!colspan="2"|—!!116!!47 |- |rowspan="2"|[[ناتینقهام فارست فوتبال کولوبو|ناتینقهام فارست]] |[[2003–04 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref name=sb0304/> |[[Football League First Division|Division One]] |24||5||2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||26||6 |- |[[2004–05 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2004|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |26||5||2||1||3||3||colspan="2"|—||31||9 |- !colspan="3"|Nottingham Forest total !50!!10!!4!!2!!3!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!57!!15 |- |rowspan="1"|[[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] |[[2004–05 Leeds United A.F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name=sb0405/> |rowspan="2"|[[چمپیونشیپ]] |9||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||9||0 |- |rowspan="3"|[[واتفورد فوتبال کولوبو|واتفورد]] |[[2005–06 Watford F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2005|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |41||21||1||0||0||0||3<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearances in [[Football League Championship play-offs]]</ref>||1||45||22 |- |[[2006–07 Watford F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name=sb0607>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2006|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |13||4||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||14||4 |- |[[2007–08 Watford F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2007|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |27||11||1||0||0||0||0||0||28||11 |- !colspan="3"|Watford total !81!!36!!3!!0!!0!!0!!3!!1!!87!!37 |- |rowspan="2"|[[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] |[[2007–08 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name=sb0708/> |rowspan="5"|[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |15||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||15||1 |- |[[2008–09 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="sb0809"/> |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Hull City A.F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2008|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |20||5||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||22||5 |- |[[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] (بوْرچ) |[[2008–09 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> |13||2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||13||2 |- |[[ویقان اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|ویقان اتلتیک]] |[[2009–10 Wigan Athletic F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2009|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |3||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||4||0 |- !colspan="3"|Wigan Athletic total !18!!1!!0!!0!!1!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!19!!1 |- |[[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] |[[2010–11 Coventry City F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2010|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|[[چمپیونشیپ]] |28||12||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||29||13 |- |rowspan="3"|[[بیرمنقام سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بیرمنقام سیتی]] |[[2011–12 Birmingham City F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2011|name=Marlon King|access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> |40||16||1||0||1||0||7<ref group=lower-alpha>Five appearances and two goals in the [[Europa League]] two appearances in the [[Football League Championship play-offs]]</ref>||2||49||18 |- |[[2012–13 Birmingham City F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|15062|2012|name=Marlon King|access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref> |27||13||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|—||30||14 |- |[[2013–14 Birmingham City F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="201314 stats"/> |0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- !colspan="3"|Birmingham City total !67!!29!!2!!0!!3!!1!!7!!2!!79!!32 |- |[[شفیلد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد یونایتد]] |[[2013–14 Sheffield United F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="201314 stats">{{Soccerbase season|15062|2013|name=Marlon King|access-date=29 September 2013}}</ref> |[[Football League One|League One]] |8||1||0||0||0||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]</ref>||0||9||1 |- !colspan="3"|Career totals !448!!150!!18!!6!!19!!9!!15!!2!!500!!167 |} {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Marlon King | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 4p0zv7026rxcjrj6ntpauoza807ay3k 0 337351 1590748 854711 2026-07-15T11:13:08Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Mark Bunn | image = Mark Bunn.JPG | image_size = 200 | caption = Bunn warming up for [[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] in 2011 | fullname = Mark John Bunn<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2017-18.pdf |title=Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2018: Aston Villa |publisher=English Football League |format=PDF |page=2 |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|11|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[کمدن لندن منطقه‌سی]], England<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Glenda|editor1-last=Rollin|editor2-first=Jack|editor2-last=Rollin|title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2010–2011|url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse_e2f2|year=2010|publisher=[[Headline Publishing Group|Headline]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-7553-6107-6|edition=41st}}</ref> | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}<ref name="First Team">{{Cite web |title=First Team |url=http://www.ntfc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10425~18732,00.html |publisher=Northampton Town F.C |accessdate=16 January 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428042815/http://www.ntfc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0%2C%2C10425~18732%2C00.html |archivedate=28 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] | clubnumber = 31 | youthyears1 = 1998–2000 | youthyears2 = 2000–2001 | youthclubs1 = [[تاتنهام هاتسپور فوتبال کولوبو|تاتنهام هاتسپور]] | youthclubs2 = [[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]] | years1 = 2001–2008 | years2 = 2004 | years3 = 2008–2012 | years4 = 2009 | years5 = 2009–2010 | years6 = 2012–2015 | years7 = 2015– | clubs1 = [[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]] | clubs2 = → [[Kettering Town F.C.|Kettering Town]] (loan) | clubs3 = [[بلکبرن روورز فوتبال کولوبو|بلکبرن روورز]] | clubs4 = → [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] (loan) | clubs5 = → [[شفیلد یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد یونایتد]] (loan) | clubs6 = [[نوریچ سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|نوریچ سیتی]] | clubs7 = [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو|ایستون ویلا]] | caps1 = 90 | caps2 = 17 | caps3 = 6 | caps4 = 3 | caps5 = 32 | caps6 = 23 | caps7 = 13 | goals1 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | goals4 = 0 | goals5 = 0 | goals6 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | club-update = 22:01, 18 December 2016 (UTC) }} '''مارک بان''' (فوتبالیست) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Mark Bunn (English footballer)) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1984|11|16|df=y}} [[کمدن لندن منطقه‌سی]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[ایستون ویلا فوتبال کولوبو]]ندا چیخیش ائدیب و [[قولر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Mark Bunn (English footballer) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] jymjfp8lti1h9ogoad4nf5g1oypknqs 0 337354 1590699 1574184 2026-07-15T09:20:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Daniel McBreen |image = Daniel McBreen.jpg |image_size = 200 |caption = McBreen playing for [[Northern Fury FC|North Queensland Fury]] in 2009 |fullname = Daniel James McBreen<ref name=Hugman0708>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2007–08 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3 |year=2007 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-246-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3/page/n257 256]}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|4|23|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman0708/> |birth_place = [[Burnley]], England |height = {{height|ft=6|in=1}}<ref name=Hugman0708/> |position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]] |currentclub = [[Edgeworth FC|Edgeworth]] (player)<br />[[Newcastle Jets FC Reserves|Newcastle Jets U15]] (coach) | clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = |years1 = {{0|0000}}–1999 |clubs1 = [[Toronto Awaba Stags FC|Toronto Awaba Stags]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1999–2000 |clubs2 = [[Edgeworth FC|Edgeworth Eagles]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |years3 = 2000–2002 |clubs3 = [[نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس]] |caps3 = 36 |goals3 = 9 |years4 = 2002–2004 |clubs4 = [[FC U Craiova 1948|Universitatea Craiova]] |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 3 |years5 = 2004–2006 |clubs5 = [[فالکیرک فوتبال کولوبو|فالکیرک]] |caps5 = 55 |goals5 = 19 |years6 = 2006–2008 |clubs6 = [[ایسکانتورپ یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|ایسکانتورپ یونایتد]] |caps6 = 7 |goals6 = 0 |years7 = 2007 |clubs7 = → [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) |caps7 = 5 |goals7 = 2 |years8 = 2008 |clubs8 = [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] |caps8 = 6 |goals8 = 0 |years9 = 2008–2009 |clubs9 = [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] |caps9 = 38 |goals9 = 5 |years10 = 2009–2010 |clubs10 = [[Northern Fury FC|North Queensland Fury]] |caps10 = 21 |goals10 = 3 |years11 = 2010 |clubs11 = [[پرث قلوری فوتبال کولوبو|پرث قلوری]] |caps11 = 7 |goals11 = 5 |years12 = 2010–2014 |clubs12 = [[سنترال کوئست مارینرز فوتبال کولوبو|سنترال کوئست مارینرز]] |caps12 = 95 |goals12 = 28 |years13 = 2013 |clubs13 = → [[شانقهای اسای‌پی‌جی فوتبال کولوبو|شانقهای اسای‌پی‌جی]] (loan) |caps13 = 13 |goals13 = 3 |years14 = 2014 |clubs14 = [[شانقهای اسای‌پی‌جی فوتبال کولوبو|شانقهای اسای‌پی‌جی]] |caps14 = 28 |goals14 = 5 |years15 = 2015 |clubs15 = [[جنوب الصین فوتبال کولوبو|جنوب الصین]] |caps15 = 4 |goals15 = 0 |years16 = 2016– |clubs16 = [[Edgeworth FC|Edgeworth]] |caps16 = 63 |goals16 = 20 |totalcaps = |totalgoals = |club-update = 12 September 2018 }} '''دانیال مک‌برین''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Daniel McBreen) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1977|4|23|df=y}} [[Burnley]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[هوجومچو]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|National Cup !colspan=2|League Cup !colspan=2|Continental !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=3|[[نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد جتس]] |[[2000–01 National Soccer League|2000–01]]<ref name="Australian Player Database: McBreen, Daniel">{{cite web |title=Australian player database: McBreen, Daniel |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Players/M/MCA.html#McBreenDaniel |publisher=OzFootball |accessdate=18 June 2015 |archivedate=2016-06-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625101114/http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Players/M/MCA.html#McBreenDaniel }}</ref> |[[National Soccer League]] |23||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||23||6 |- |[[2001–02 National Soccer League|2001–02]]<ref name="Australian Player Database: McBreen, Daniel"/> |National Soccer League |13||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||13||3 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !36!!9!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!36!!9 |- |rowspan=3|[[FC U Craiova 1948|Universitatea Craiova]] |[[2002–03 Divizia A|2002–03]]<ref name="Australian Player Database: McBreen, Daniel"/> |[[Liga I|Divizia A]] |13||1|| || ||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||13||1 |- |[[2003–04 Divizia A|2003–04]]<ref name="Australian Player Database: McBreen, Daniel"/> |Divizia A |20||2|| || ||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||2 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !33!!3!! !! !!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!33!!3 |- |rowspan=3|[[فالکیرک فوتبال کولوبو|فالکیرک]] |[[2004–05 Scottish First Division|2004–05]]<ref name="Games played by Daniel McBreen in 2004/2005">{{Soccerbase season|39570|2004|name=Daniel McBreen|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> |[[Scottish Football League First Division|Scottish First Division]] |23||13||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2004–05 Scottish Challenge Cup|Scottish Challenge Cup]]}}||0||26||13 |- |[[2005–06 Scottish Premier League|2005–06]]<ref name="Games played by Daniel McBreen in 2005/2006">{{Soccerbase season|39570|2005|name=Daniel McBreen|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> |[[Scottish Premier League]] |32||6||4||2||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||38||8 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !55!!19!!5!!2!!2!!0!!colspan=2|—!!2!!0!!64!!21 |- |rowspan=3|[[ایسکانتورپ یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|ایسکانتورپ یونایتد]] |[[2006–07 Football League One|2006–07]]<ref name="Games played by Daniel McBreen in 2006/2007">{{Soccerbase season|39570|2006|name=Daniel McBreen|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |7||0||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2006–07 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||10||0 |- |[[2007–08 Scunthorpe United F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="Games played by Daniel McBreen in 2007/2008">{{Soccerbase season|39570|2007|name=Daniel McBreen|accessdate=13 August 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !7!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=2|—!!2!!0!!10!!0 |- |[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2007–08 York City F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/164 164]–165}}</ref> |[[National League (division)|Conference Premier]] |5||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||2 |- |[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] |[[2007–08 Scottish First Division|2007–08]]<ref name="Games played by Daniel McBreen in 2007/2008"/> |Scottish First Division |6||0||1||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||7||1 |- |York City |[[2008–09 York City F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="2008-09">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/162 162]–163}}<br />{{cite news |first=Dave |last=Flett |title=York City strikers McBreen and Brodie on target to seal impressive FA Trophy win at Oxford |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/sport/4045709.Oxford_United_1__York_City_2/ |newspaper=The Press |location=York |date=14 January 2009 |accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> |Conference Premier |38||5||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||8{{efn|Seven appearances and five goals in [[2008–09 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]], one appearance in [[2008–09 Conference League Cup|Conference League Cup]]}}||5||48||10 |- |[[Northern Fury FC|North Queensland Fury]] |[[2009–10 North Queensland Fury FC season|2009–10]]<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=D. McBreen: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/daniel-mcbreen/31481/ |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=4 May 2018 |archivedate=2018-09-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916171134/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/daniel-mcbreen/31481/ }}</ref> |[[A-League]] |21||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||21||3 |- |[[پرث قلوری فوتبال کولوبو|پرث قلوری]] |[[2009–10 Perth Glory FC season|2009–10]]<ref name=SW/> |A-League |7||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||7||5 |- |rowspan=5|[[سنترال کوئست مارینرز فوتبال کولوبو|سنترال کوئست مارینرز]] |[[2010–11 Central Coast Mariners FC season|2010–11]]<ref name=SW/> |A-League |31||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||31||5 |- |[[2011–12 Central Coast Mariners FC season|2011–12]]<ref name=SW/> |A-League |25||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5{{efn|name=ACL|Appearances in [[AFC Champions League]]}}||2||colspan=2|—||30||4 |- |[[2012–13 Central Coast Mariners FC season|2012–13]]<ref name=SW/> |A-League |27||19||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6{{efn|name=ACL}}||0||colspan=2|—||33||19 |- |[[2013–14 Central Coast Mariners FC season|2013–14]]<ref name=SW/> |A-League |12||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||12||2 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !95!!28!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!11!!2!!colspan=2|—!!106!!30 |- |[[شانقهای اسای‌پی‌جی فوتبال کولوبو|شانقهای اسای‌پی‌جی]] (بوْرچ) |[[2013 Chinese Super League|2013]]<ref name=SW/> |[[Chinese Super League]] |13||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||13||3 |- |rowspan=2|Shanghai East Asia |[[2014 Chinese Super League|2014]]<ref name=SW/> |Chinese Super League |28||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||5 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !41!!8!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!41!!8 |- |[[جنوب الصین فوتبال کولوبو|جنوب الصین]] |[[2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League|2014–15]]<ref name=SW/> |[[Hong Kong Premier League]] |4||0||2||1||2||0||7{{efn|Appearances in [[2015 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]}}||8|||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2014–15 Hong Kong Season Play-off|AFC Cup play-offs]]}}||2||17||11 |- |rowspan=3|[[Edgeworth FC|Edgeworth]] |[[2016 National Premier Leagues#Northern NSW|2016]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Player profile: Daniel Mcbreen |url=http://websites.sportstg.com/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=201433574&client=1-10182-150680-382463-24710609 |publisher=National Premier Leagues |accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> |[[National Premier Leagues Northern NSW]] |18||9||5{{efn|Appearances in [[2016 FFA Cup]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Davidson |first=John |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/au/news/mcbreen-eyes-cup-run |title=McBreen eyes Cup run |magazine=FourFourTwo |date=5 March 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162118/http://www.fourfourtwo.com/au/news/mcbreen-eyes-cup-run |archivedate=1 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/3787787/mcbreen-on-target-in-eagles-ffa-cup-win/ |title=Mcbreen on target in Eagles' FFA Cup win |newspaper=The Newcastle Herald |last=Parris |first=Michael |date=13 March 2016 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |archive-date=2017-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084744/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/3787787/mcbreen-on-target-in-eagles-ffa-cup-win/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-09-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084744/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/3787787/mcbreen-on-target-in-eagles-ffa-cup-win/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bellingencourier.com.au/story/3978419/tom-campbells-write-up-of-raiders-loss/ |title=Tom Campbell's write-up of Raiders' loss |last=Campbell |first=Tom |date=20 June 2016 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |newspaper=The Bellingen Shire Courier-Sun}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FFA Cup: Lambton Jaffas and Edgeworth make last 32 |newspaper=The Newcastle Herald |date=19 June 2016 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |last=Kerry |first=Craig |url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/3977490/jaffas-turn-the-tide-to-make-ffa-cup-splash-photos/ |archive-date=2017-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084825/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/3977490/jaffas-turn-the-tide-to-make-ffa-cup-splash-photos/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-09-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084825/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/3977490/jaffas-turn-the-tide-to-make-ffa-cup-splash-photos/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Josh |url=https://www.theffacup.com.au/match/fnq-fc-heat-v-edgeworth-fc-ffa-cup-27-07-2016/862152 |title=FNQ Heat FC v Edgeworth Eagles |date=27 July 2016 |publisher=FFA Cup |accessdate=30 September 2017 |archivedate=2017-09-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930132702/https://www.theffacup.com.au/match/fnq-fc-heat-v-edgeworth-fc-ffa-cup-27-07-2016/862152 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theffacup.com.au/match/edgeworth-fc-v-western-sydney-wanderers-fc-ffa-cup-30-08-2016/883888 |title=Edgeworth FC v Western Sydney Wanderers FC |publisher=FFA Cup |date=31 August 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2017 |archivedate=2020-04-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429232706/https://www.theffacup.com.au/match/edgeworth-fc-v-western-sydney-wanderers-fc-ffa-cup-30-08-2016/883888 }}</ref>}}||10||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[2016 National Premier Leagues#Finals|National Premier Leagues Finals]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Homer, Ben |url=https://www.nationalpremierleagues.com.au/news/edgeworth-topple-bentleigh-extra-time |title=Edgeworth topple Bentleigh in extra time |publisher=National Premier Leagues |date=17 September 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Laverty, Paul J. |url=https://www.nationalpremierleagues.com.au/news/perth-sc-sunk-mcbreen-strike |title=Perth SC sunk by McBreen strike |publisher=National Premier Leagues |date=27 September 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalpremierleagues.com.au/news/sydney-united-58-fc-crowned-ps4-npl-champions-australia |title=Sydney United 58 FC crowned PS4 NPL Champions of Australia |publisher=National Premier Leagues |date=2 October 2016 |accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref>}}||1||26||20 |- |[[2017 National Premier Leagues#Northern NSW|2017]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Player profile: Daniel Mcbreen |url=http://websites.sportstg.com/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=201433574&client=1-10182-150680-433605-25749567&ocompID=433605 |publisher=National Premier Leagues |accessdate=26 April 2017}}</ref> |National Premier Leagues Northern NSW |10||1||4{{efn|Appearances in [[2017 FFA Cup]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4635518/eagles-soar-npl-guns-fire-in-ffa-cup-video/|title=Eagles soar, NPL guns fire in FFA Cup|date=2 May 2017|author=Kerry, Craig|accessdate=10 July 2017|newspaper=The Newcastle Herald|archive-date=2017-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084647/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4635518/eagles-soar-npl-guns-fire-in-ffa-cup-video/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2017-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084647/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4635518/eagles-soar-npl-guns-fire-in-ffa-cup-video/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4669388/cardiff-city-shock-roosters/|title=Cardiff City shock Roosters|newspaper=The Newcastle Herald|accessdate=10 July 2017|author=Kerry, Craig|date=17 May 2017|archive-date=2017-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084602/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4669388/cardiff-city-shock-roosters/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2017-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084602/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4669388/cardiff-city-shock-roosters/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4721362/eagles-roll-jaffas-with-eye-on-ultimate-prize/|title=Eagles roll Jaffas with eye on ultimate prize|newspaper=The Newcastle Herald|date=11 June 2017|author=Gardiner, James|accessdate=10 July 2017|archive-date=2017-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084712/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4721362/eagles-roll-jaffas-with-eye-on-ultimate-prize/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2017-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084712/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4721362/eagles-roll-jaffas-with-eye-on-ultimate-prize/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maitlandmercury.com.au/story/4728524/magpies-out-of-ffa-cup/|title=Magpies out of FFA Cup|date=14 June 2017|author=Pawiak, JC|accessdate=10 July 2017|newspaper=Maitland Mercury}}</ref>}}||4||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||14||5 |- !colspan=2|Total!!28!!10!!9!!14!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!3!!1!!40!!25 |- !colspan=3|Career total !376!!92!!20!!18!!4!!0!!18!!10!!17!!8!!435!!128 |} {{notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Daniel McBreen | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] l5jp7fybue78pzjjt65s0glu7ubplhw 0 338973 1590665 1545423 2026-07-15T08:04:42Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Mikaël Silvestre | image = Stade rennais - Le Havre AC 20150708 57.JPG | image_size = | caption = Silvestre in 2015 | fullname = Mikaël Samy Silvestre<ref name="PFA 562">{{cite book |last=Hugman |first=Barry J. |title=The PFA Premier & Football League Players' Records 1946–2005 |publisher=Queen Anne Press |year=2005 |page=562 |isbn=1-85291-665-6 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|8|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Chambray-lès-Tours]], France | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Hugman |first=Barry J. |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2009–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8 |year=2009 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-474-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8/page/n377 376] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rollin |editor1-first=Glenda |editor2-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2009–2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse |publisher=Headline |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7553-1948-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse/page/429 429] }}</ref> | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | years1 = 1996–1998 |clubs1 = [[رن فوتبال کولوبو|رن]] |caps1 = 55 |goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1998–1999 |clubs2 = [[اینتر میلان فوتبال کولوبو|اینتر میلان]] |caps2 = 18 |goals2 = 1 | years3 = 1999–2008 |clubs3 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |caps3 = 249 |goals3 = 6 | years4 = 2008–2010 |clubs4 = [[آرسنال فوتبال کولوبو|آرسنال]] |caps4 = 26 |goals4 = 3 | years5 = 2010–2012 |clubs5 = [[وردر برمن ایدمان کولوبو|وردر برمن]] |caps5 = 27 |goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2013–2014 |clubs6 = [[پورتلند تیمبرز]] |caps6 = 8 |goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2014 |clubs7 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] |caps7 = 14 |goals7 = 1<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | totalcaps = 391 |totalgoals = 12 | nationalyears1 = 1997 |nationalteam1 = [[France national under-20 football team|France U20]] |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2001–2006 |nationalteam2 = [[فرانسه میلّی فوتبال تیمی|فرانسه]] |nationalcaps2 = 40 |nationalgoals2 = 2 }} '''میکاییل سیلوستره''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Mikaël Silvestre) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1977|8|9|df=y}} [[Chambray-lès-Tours]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[فرانسه]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Mikaël Silvestre | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] m0ctipizzqm85kkyj79b3u69m1cl29v 0 339879 1590736 1545481 2026-07-15T10:48:05Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = George Friend | image = | image_size = | caption = | fullname = George Andrew Jordan Friend<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2017-18.pdf |title=Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2018: Middlesbrough |publisher=English Football League |format=PDF |page=23 |accessdate=18 June 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|10|19|df=y}}<ref>{{Hugman|23105|accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref> | birth_place = [[بارنستاپل]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=2}}<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n160 159]}}</ref> | position = [[مودافع]] | currentclub = [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] | clubnumber = 3 | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2005 | youthclubs1 = [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] | years1 = 2005–2008 | clubs1 = [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] | caps1 = 37 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 2008–2010 | clubs2 = [[ولورهمپتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|ولورهمپتون واندررز]] | caps2 = 7 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2009 | clubs3 = → [[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (loan) | caps3 = 6 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2009 | clubs4 = → [[Southend United F.C.|Southend United]] (loan) | caps4 = 6 | goals4 = 1 | years5 = 2009 | clubs5 = → [[ایسکانتورپ یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|ایسکانتورپ یونایتد]] (loan) | caps5 = 4 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2010 | clubs6 = → [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] (loan) | caps6 = 13 | goals6 = 1 | years7 = 2010–2012 | clubs7 = [[دونکستر راورز فوتبال کولوبو|دونکستر راورز]] | caps7 = 59 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2012– | clubs8 = [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] | caps8 = 239 | goals8 = 9 | club-update = 17:00, 29 December 2018 (UTC) }} '''جورج فرند''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: George Friend) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1987|10|19|df=y}} [[بارنستاپل]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو]]ندا چیخیش ائدیب و [[مودافع]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|کولوب !rowspan=2|سیزون !colspan=3|لیق !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !لیق!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=5|[[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] |[[2005–06 Football Conference#Conference National|2005–06]]<ref name=sb0506>{{soccerbase season|43702|2005|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |[[Conference National]] |1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||1||0 |- |[[2006–07 Football Conference#Conference National|2006–07]]<ref name=NLCD2008>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2008 |year=2007 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location=Kingsbridge |isbn=978-1-869833-57-2 |pages=82–83}}</ref> |Conference National |2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||2||0 |- |[[2007–08 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2007–08]]<ref name=NLCD2009>{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/172 172]–173}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |30||1||2||0||0||0||5{{efn|One appearance in [[Conference League Cup]], one in [[FA Trophy]], three in Conference Premier play-offs}}||0||37||1 |- |[[2008–09 Exeter City F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809/> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |4||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !37||1||2||0||1||0||5||0||45||1 |- |rowspan=3|[[ولورهمپتون واندررز فوتبال کولوبو|ولورهمپتون واندررز]] |[[2008–09 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name=sb0809>{{soccerbase season|43702|2008|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |6||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||7||0 |- |[[2009–10 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910>{{soccerbase season|43702|2009|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !7||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||8||0 |- |[[میلوال فوتبال کولوبو|میلوال]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Millwall F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |6||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]}}||0||7||0 |- |[[Southend United F.C.|Southend United]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Southend United F.C. F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |League One |6||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||1 |- |[[ایسکانتورپ یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|ایسکانتورپ یونایتد]] (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Scunthorpe United F.C. F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |Championship |4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |Exeter City (بوْرچ) |[[2009–10 Exeter City F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name=sb0910/> |League One |13||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||13||1 |- |rowspan=3|[[دونکستر راورز فوتبال کولوبو|دونکستر راورز]] |[[2010–11 Doncaster Rovers F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name=sb1011>{{soccerbase season|43702|2010|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |Championship |32||1||2||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||35||1 |- |[[2011–12 Doncaster Rovers F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name=sb1112>{{soccerbase season|43702|2011|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |Championship |27||0||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||29||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !59||1||2||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||64||1 |- |rowspan=8|[[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] |[[2012–13 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name=sb1213>{{soccerbase season|43702|2012|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |Championship |34||0||1||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||39||0 |- |[[2013–14 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{soccerbase season|43702|2013|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |Championship |41||3||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||43||3 |- |[[2014–15 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name=sb1415>{{soccerbase season|43702|2014|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> |Championship |42||1||2||0||1||0||3{{efn|name=CPO|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||48||1 |- |[[2015–16 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|43702|2015|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> |Championship |40||1||1||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||45||1 |- |[[2016–17 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|43702|2016|accessdate=7 July 2017}}</ref> |Premier League |24||0||2||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||27||0 |- |[[2017–18 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name=sb1718>{{soccerbase season|43702|2017|accessdate=18 June 2018}}</ref> |Championship |33||2||2||0||2||0||2{{efn|name=CPO}}||0||39||2 |- |[[2018–19 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|43702|2018|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref> |Championship |30||2||3||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||35||3 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !244||9||12||1||15||0||5||0||276||10 |- !colspan=3|Career total !376||13||17||1||19||0||11||0||423||14 |} {{notelist}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =George Friend | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] bcsnz6a2dn1i33aj12yun4kv0qi66jp 0 340050 1590718 1544331 2026-07-15T10:23:13Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Danny Pugh | image = Danny Pugh.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Pugh playing for Stoke City in May 2009 | fullname = Daniel Adam Pugh<ref name="Hugman2009-10">{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2009–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_j6q8 |year=2009 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |isbn=978-1-84596-474-0 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|10|19|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2009-10"/> | birth_place = [[Cheadle Hulme]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rollin |editor1-first=Glenda |editor2-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2009–2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse |publisher=Headline |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7553-1948-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/skysportsfootbal0000unse/page/539 539] }}</ref> | position = [[هافبک]]<br />[[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Left-back]] | currentclub = [[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]] | clubnumber = 16 | youthyears1 = 1992–2002 |youthclubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy|Manchester United]] | years1 = 2002–2004 |clubs1 = [[منچستر یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|منچستر یونایتد]] |caps1 = 1 |goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2004–2006 |clubs2 = [[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] |caps2 = 50 |goals2 = 5 | years3 = 2006–2008 |clubs3 = [[پرستون نورث اند فوتبال کولوبو|پرستون نورث اند]] |caps3 = 52 |goals3 = 4 | years4 = 2007–2008 |clubs4 = → [[استوک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|استوک سیتی]] (loan) |caps4 = 14 |goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2008–2012 |clubs5 = [[استوک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|استوک سیتی]] |caps5 = 53 |goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2010 |clubs6 = → [[پرستون نورث اند فوتبال کولوبو|پرستون نورث اند]] (loan) |caps6 = 5 |goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2011–2012 |clubs7 = → [[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] (loan) |caps7 = 17 |goals7 = 2 | years8 = 2012–2014 |clubs8 = [[لیدز یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|لیدز یونایتد]] |caps8 = 41 |goals8 = 1 | years9 = 2013 |clubs9 = → [[شفیلد ونزدی فوتبال کولوبو|شفیلد ونزدی]] (loan) |caps9 = 16 |goals9 = 1 | years10 = 2014–2015 |clubs10 = [[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] |caps10 = 5 |goals10 = 0 | years11 = 2015–2016 |clubs11 = [[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] |caps11 = 39 |goals11 = 0 | years12 = 2016–2017 |clubs12 = [[بلکپول فوتبال کولوبو|بلکپول]] |caps12 = 18 |goals12 = 0 | years13 = 2017– |clubs13 = [[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]] |caps13 = 48 |goals13 = 2 | club-update = 00:00, 14 October 2018 (UTC) }} '''دانی پیو''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Danny Pugh) (دوْغوم:{{birth date and age|1982|10|19|df=y}} [[Cheadle Hulme]]) بیر فوتبالیست. [[هافبک]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Danny Pugh | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] izi5gdefa7wku93yln0i83ed89rxd21 0 359152 1590693 910765 2026-07-15T09:09:21Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict |conflict=Battle of Kelbajar |image= |caption=Commander of the [[Martuni]] Front, [[Monte Melkonian]] communicates with military commanders via radio. |partof= [[قاراباغ ساواشی]] |place=[[Kalbajar|Kelbajar]], region in [[آذربایجان جومهوریتی]] |date=March 27–April 3, 1993 |result=Armenian victory |combatant1={{بایراق|Armenia}} <br> {{بایراق|Nagorno-Karabakh Republic}} |combatant2={{بایراق|Azerbaijan}} |commander1={{بایراقچه|Armenia}} [[Gurgen Daribaltayan]] <br> {{بایراقچه|Nagorno-Karabakh}} [[Samvel Babayan]] <br> {{بایراقچه|Nagorno-Karabakh}} [[Monte Melkonian]] |commander2={{بایراقچه|Azerbaijan}} [[Surat Huseynov]] <br> {{بایراقچه|Azerbaijan}} Shamil Asgarov <br> {{بایراقچه|Azerbaijan}} "Khan" |strength1=Several hundred troops, including the crew members of [[تانک]] and [[armored fighting vehicles]]; <br>Russian 128th Regiment (7th Russian Army) (involvement disputed){{#tag:ref|(Claimed by Azerbaijani leadership)<ref name="HRW"/><ref>{{cite book | last1 = DeRouen| first1 = Karl R.| last2 = Heo | first2 = Uk| title = Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II, Volume 2 | publisher=ABC-CLIO, Inc | year = 2007 | page = 151 | location = Santa Barbara, CA | url=https://archive.org/details/civilwarsofworld0000unse|isbn = 1-85109-919-0}}</ref>}} |strength2=Unknown amount of infantry and tanks |casualties1=Unknown, at least 100 reported by Armenian commanders{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} |casualties2=Contested by Armenians and Azerbaijani government; civilians deaths after the battle ended estimated to be at least 200; with 62,000 [[Refugees and internally displaced persons in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani IDP]]s<ref name="HRW"/> |}} '''کلبجر دؤیوشو''' — [[قاراباغ ساواشی]] زامانی، [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)]]-جو ایل مارسین ۲۷-دن آوریلین ۳-اۆنه کیمی گئدن دؤیوش. دؤیوش [[ائرمنیستان سیلاح‌لی قوه‌لری]]نین [[آذربایجان جومهوریتی]]ین [[کلبجر رایونو]]نو ایشغال ائتمه‌سی ایله نتیجه‌لنمیشدیر. کلبجر رایونو [[داغلیق قاراباغ موختار ویلایتی]]نین ترکیبینه داخیل اوْلماسا دا، [[داغليق قاراباغ]] بؤلگه‌سینین حیصّه ‌سی اوْلدوغون‌دان، ائرمنیستان و آذربایجان اوْردوسو بورایا گؤره بئش ایل دؤیوشموشلر. دؤیوش نتیجه‌سینده، ائرمنی قوشونلاری ایلک دفعه داغلیق قاراباغ آنکلاوینین حدودلاریندان کنارا چیخمیشدی. قره باغ و ائرمنیستانین سرحدلری آراسیندا یئرلشن کلبجر رایونونا بیر نئچه کندلر و اوْنون باشکندی [[کلبجر]] عاییددیر. روسیه قایناق‌لرینه گؤره، ائرمنیستان‌دا یئرلشدیریلن ۱۲۸-جی آلایین (۷-جی روسیه اوْردوسو) داغ قوشونلاری کلبجری [[بلیتزکریق]] عملیّاتی ایله اله کئچیردی. ایلک آغیر مقاومت‌دن سوْنرا، آذربایجان قوشونلاری تئزلیک‌له داغیلدی و ایالتین باشکندی ۱۹۹۳-جو ایل آوریلین ۳-ده ایشغال اوْلون‌دو. بینلخالق تشکیلاتلار کلبجر دؤیوشونه گؤره قاراباغ‌دا و ائرمنیستان‌دا اوْلان ارمنیلری تنقید ائتدی. آذربایجان باشکانی [[ابوالفضل ائلچی‌بَی]]ین باش مصلحت‌چی‌سی [[وفا قولوزاده]] ایدعا ائدیردی کی، ائرمنیستان‌دا یئرلشن روسیه نین ۱۲۸-جی آلایین‌دان یاردیم گلدیی اۆچون بؤلگه چوْخ آسان‌لیقلا ائرمنیستان طرفیندن ایشغال اوْلون‌دو. ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} leilgk46x68yw4io1w11vd6zfxf1yni 0 362161 1590692 1576209 2026-07-15T09:08:53Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ایش گئدیر}} [[File:We Can Do It!.jpg|thumb|250px|ج.هووارد ميلرین بیز بونو ائده بیلریک پوستری ۱۹۴۳-جو ايلده]] '''بيز بۇنو ائده بيلريک!''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|We can do it!}})، [[آمریکا]]دا ۱۹۴۳- جو ايلده "[[وستینق هاوس الکتریک]]" ده چالیشان ايشچيلرين روحیه‌سین آرتيرماق اۆچون ج.هووارد ميلر طرفيندن ياراديلميش ساواش دؤورونه عایید بیر پوستردیر. پوسترین عۆموميتله جرالدين هوف آدلی [[میشیقان ایالتی|میشیقان]]لی کارخانا ايشچيسی‌نين خبر آژانسی‌نين آغ-قارا فوتوقرافینا اساسلاندیغی ايديعا اوْلونور. پوستر [[ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی]] زامانیندا چوخ آز گؤزه دَییردی. پوستر ۱۹۸۰-جی ايللرده يئنيدن تاپيلدی و گئنيش ميقياسدا بير چوْخ فورملاردا یئنیدن نشر اوْلوندو.<ref name=MythMisconception2006>{{cite journal |first1=James J. |last1=Kimble |first2=Lester C. |last2=Olson |title=Visual Rhetoric Representing Rosie the Riveter: Myth and Misconception in J. Howard Miller's 'We Can Do It!' Poster |url= |journal=Rhetoric & Public Affairs |volume=9 |number=4 |date=Winter 2006 |pages=533–569|jstor=41940102}} Also available through [https://web.archive.org/web/20131011080654/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1223963451.html Highbeam.]</ref> پوستر چوخ واخت "We can do it!" آدلانديريلسا دا، بعضاً "چکيجوۇران روْزی" آدلانديريليردی. ۱۹۸۰.جی ايللرده پوستر [[فمینیزم]] و آیری سياسی مسئله‌لرين تشويق ائديلمه‌سينده ايستيفاده اوْلونوردو. شکيل ۱۹۹۴.جو ايلده "اسميتسونيان" ژورنالی‌نين اؤن صفحه‌سينده و ۱۹۹۹.جو ايلده آمریکانین بيرينجی صينيف پوست مارکی کيمی ايستيفاده اوْلونوب. ۲۰۰۸.جی ايلده پوستر بير نئچه [[آمریکا]]لی سياستچی‌نین سئچیم کمپئینی‌نین تبلیغاتیندا یئرآلمیشدیر، ۲۰۱۰.جو ايلده ده بیر صنعتچی [[اوسترالیا]]نين باش ناظيرلیگی مقامینا ایلک دفعه بیر قادين سئچیلمه‌سینی قۇتلاماق اۆچون ایشه آلمیشدیر. پوستر ميلّی آرشيو و يازيلار ایداره‌سيندن ان چوْخ طلب اوْلونان ۱۰ شکيللردن بيريدير..<ref name=MythMisconception2006/> پوستر يئنيدن تاپيلماسيندان سوْنرا، مۆشاهيده‌چيلر چوْخ واخت پوستر، قادين ايشچيلری روحلانديرماق اۆچون مۆحاريبه تلاشلارينا قوْشولماسی جهتده ايشلنديگينی ايديعا ائديرلر. لاکين مۆحاريبه زامانی پوستر، تکجه ۱۹۴۳.جو ايلين فئوریه‌سینده "[[وستینقهاوس|وستینق هاوس]]" کارخاناسی‌نین ایچینده ايستيفاده اوْلونموشدور.<ref name=Design4Victory>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSNo6on0F8EC&pg=PA78 |page=78 |title=Design for Victory: World War II posters on the American home front |first1=William L. |last1=Bird |first2=Harry R. |last2=Rubenstein |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-56898-140-6 |access-date=July 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510183127/https://books.google.com/books?id=SSNo6on0F8EC&pg=PA78 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> فمينيستلر و باشقالاری پوستری بير چوْخ مۆختليف فوْرملاردا، اوْ جۆمله دن اؤزونو گۆجلدیرمک، سئچیملرده، تبلیغات و کوْمدیلرده ايستيفاده ائتميشدیلر. ==تاریخی== [[ژاپونلولار]]ین [[پرل هاربر هۆجومو|پرل هاربر]] هۆجومولاریندان سوْنرا، آمریکا حؤکومتی ايستحصالچيلاری ساواش آلتلرینی بؤيوک ميقداردا ايستحصال ائتمگه چاغيردی. ۱۹۳۰.جو ايللر عرضينده ايداره و ایشچیلر سندیکالاری آراسيندا ناراضيليق اوْلدوغوندان، بؤيوک کارخانالاردا ايش آتموسفری چوْخ واخت گرگين ایدی. [[جنرال موتورز]] (GM) کيمی شيرکتلرين مۆدیرلری گرگينلگی آزالتماق اۆچون ايشچيلری هوسلنديرمک ايسته‌ييردی. جنرال موتورز تئزلیکله ۱۹۴۲-جی ايلده کؤینک قوللارینی چالیشماق اۆچون اۆسته قاتلایان ایشچیلر و مودیرلری بیرلیکده گؤرسدن بير تبليغات پوستری یاراتدی. پوسترده "Together We Can Do It!" ([[تورکجه]]. بيز بونو بيرليکده ائده بيلريک!‎) و "Keep 'Em Firing!" (تورکجه.اونلاری گول‌له کيمی وۇر!‎) يازيلميشدي.<ref name=BirdRubenstein58>Bird/Rubenstein 1998, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gaRRtWEH2pgC&pg=PA58 p. 58] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117142155/https://books.google.com/books?id=gaRRtWEH2pgC&pg=PA58 |date=November 17, 2016 }}.</ref> بئله پوسترلرين ياراديلماسی، [[شیرکت]]لرده موحاريبه احوال-روحيه‌سینی گۆجلندیریب، تولیداتی آرتيرماق اۆچون لازيم بیر ایش ایدی. ===وستینق هاوس الکتریک=== ۱۹۴۲-جی ايلده وستینق هاوس الکتریکین مۆحاريبه ايستحصالی علاقه‌لنديرمه کوميته‌سی‌نین تبلیغات آژانسی واسيطه‌سيله، شيرکتين ايشچيلرينی پوسترده گؤسترمک اۆچون پيتسبورق رسامی ج.هووارد ميلری ایشه چاغیردی.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7h4T1DWEECUC&pg=PA62 |page=62 |title=Smokey, Rosie, and You! |first1=David A. |last1=Ehrlich |first2=Alan R. |last2=Minton |first3=Diane |last3=Stoy |publisher=Hillcrest Publishing Group |year=2007 |isbn=1-934248-33-9}}</ref> پوستر پروژهسی‌نين مقصدی، ايشچيلری روحلانديرماق، داوامسيزليغين آزالديلماسی، ایشچیلر ايغتيشاشی و يا کارخانا اعتیصابی‌نين احتيمالينی آشاغی سالماق ايدی. ميلر طرفيندن حاضيرلانميش ۴۲-دن چوخ پوستر هر ايکی هفته دن بير کارخانادا نۆمايش وئریلیب، سونرا نؤوبتله پوستر عوض اوْلونوردو. پوسترلرین اکثريتينده کيشيلر نۆمايش اولونموشدو؛ پوسترلر کيشيلر و خانیملار اۆچون سۆنتی روللاری وۇرغولاييردی. پوسترلرين بيرينده گۆلومسه‌ين بیر کیشی مۆدیری "Any Questions About Your Work? ... Ask your Supervisor." (تورکجه. ايش حاقيندا سواللارينيز؟... نظارتچينيزدن سوْروشون.‎) سؤزلری ایله تصوير اوْلونموشدو.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /><ref name=Design4Victory /> x559 432 م.م اؤلچوسونده اوْلان "We Can Do It!" پوستری ۱۸۰۰ نۆسخه دن آرتيق چاپ ائديلمه‌ميشدير.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /> ايلکين اولاراق پوستر ايست پيتسبورق، پنسيلوانيا، و اورتاغربی بير نئچه "وستینق هاوس" کارخانالاریندان کناردا گؤرونمه‌ميش، ۱۹۴۳-جو ايل ۱۵ فئوریه‌دن باشلاياراق ایکی بئش گۆنلوک ايش هفته‌سی اۆچون نومايشه قوْیولموشدور.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /><ref>{{cite book |title=Posters American Style |url=https://archive.org/details/postersamericans0000heym |last=Heyman |first=Therese Thau |publisher=National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, in association with Harry N. Adams, Inc |location=New York |year=1998 |isbn=0-8109-3749-2 |page=106}}</ref><ref name=loc>{{cite web |url=http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/journey/rosie-transcript.html |title=Rosie the Riveter: Real Women Workers in World War II |last=Harvey |first=Sheridan |work=Journeys & Crossings |publisher=Library of Congress |date=July 20, 2010 |accessdate=January 23, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Work—Fight—Give: Smithsonian World War II Posters of Labor, Government, and Industry |work=Labor's Heritage |year=2002 |publisher=George Meany Memorial Archives |volume=11 |number=4 |page=49}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?print=yes&q=nmah_538122 |title=We Can Do It! |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |accessdate=May 25, 2012}}</ref> هدفده اولان کارخانالار " ميکارتا " دان دۆزلمیش فنول رزینی ایله ساواش پاپاقلارینین ايچلیگینی حاضيرلاییردی. کارخانادا چالیشانلارین اکثريتی قادینلاردان اوْلوشوردو و ساواش عرضينده تخميناً ۱۳ ميليون ساواش پاپاغی تولید ائتميشدیلر.<ref name=CushingDrescher2009>{{cite web |url=http://www.docspopuli.org/articles/RosieTheRiveter.html |title='Rosie the Riveter' is ''not'' the same as 'We Can Do It!' |publisher=Docs Populi |accessdate=January 23, 2012 |archivedate=2012-10-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025173043/http://www.docspopuli.org/articles/RosieTheRiveter.html }} Excerpted from:<br />{{cite book |title=Agitate! Educate! Organize!: American Labor Posters |url=https://archive.org/details/agitateeducateor00cush |year=2009 |first1=Lincoln |last1=Cushing |first2=Tim |last2=Drescher |publisher=ILR Press/Cornell University Press |isbn=0-8014-7427-2 }}</ref> " We Can Do It! " شۆعاری کارخانا ايشچيلری طرفيندن تکجه قادينلارين گۆجلنديريلمه‌سی کیمی نظرده آلینماميشدير؛ پوسترلر ايداره صلاحيتی‌نين نظارتی، ايشچی قابيلیتی و شيرکتين بيرلیگی‌نین تشويقی کيمی ايستيفاده اولونوردو.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /> تصویر ایشچیلرین احوال-روحيه‌سینی آرتيرماق و تولیداتی آزالماقدان ساخلاماق اۆچون اينجه تبليغات کيمی ایشه آلینمیشدیر. شکيلده عکس اولونان قيرميزی، آغ و گۆی پالتار رنگلری، ساواش تولیدلری کوميته‌سی طرفیندن وطنسئورلیگی آرتيرماق اۆچون تئز-تئز ايستيفاده اولونان تاکتيکلردان بيری ايدي.<ref name=Secrets2011>{{cite journal |url=http://lisawadedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/sharp-wade-2011-secrets-of-a-feminist-icon.pdf |last1=Sharp |first1=Gwen |last2=Wade |first2=Lisa |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Sociological Images: Secrets of a feminist icon |work=Contexts |volume=10 |number=2 |pages=82–83 |issn=1536-5042 |access-date=2019-05-03 |archive-date=2011-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008111422/http://lisawadedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/sharp-wade-2011-secrets-of-a-feminist-icon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Şəkildə əks olunan qırmızı, ağ və mavi geyim rəngləri, korporativ müharibə istehsal komitələrində vətənpərvərliyi artırmaq üçün tez-tez istifadə olunan taktikalardan biri idi.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /><ref name=Design4Victory /> ==چکيجوۇران روْزی== ایکینجی دونيا ساواشی دؤورونده "We Can Do It!" پوستری ۱۹۴۲-جی ايلين "Rosie the Riveter" ماهنيسينا و يا نورمن راکولون چکيجوۇران روْزی رسمينه مربوط دئييل ايدی. ساواش دؤورونون فيلملری، درگیلری، شکیللری و پوسترلرینده " روْزی "-نين گؤستريلمه‌سی ايله قادينلارين بؤيوک ايشچی قۆووه‌سی اوْلماسی‌نين وطنسئورليک باخيميندان یۇخاری اهميتی وۇرغولانيردی.<ref name=latimes /><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YjbR9EXABPEC&pg=PA606 |page=606 |title=World War II and the Postwar Years in America: A Historical and Cultural Encyclopedia |volume=1 |first1=William H. |last1=Young |first2=Nancy K. |last2=Young |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2010 |isbn=0-313-35652-1}}</ref> " روْزی " بعضاً فمينيست بیر قادين تصویری کيمی قبول ائديلسه ده، بو تصویرین پیامی هامييا آيدين ایدی. " روْزی " نين پورتره‌سی‌نين اۆزرينده " بيز بۇنو ائده بيلريک! " سؤزلری‌نين يازيلماسی تکجه قادينلاردا اؤزونه ایمان دئييل، اوقیانوسون او تاييندا، ائلجه ده آسیادا ميليونلارلا آمريکالی‌نين دؤيوشدويو موحاريبه ده قازانماغا ایمان پیامی گؤندريردی.<ref name=Secrets2011 /> راکولون سبوليک " چکيجوۇران روْزی " تصویری آمریکا خزينه‌دارليق ایداره‌سی طرفيندن پوسترلر و موحاريبه ايستيقراضلار تشويق کامپانييالاريندا ايستيفاده اولونموشدور. موحاريبه دن سونرا، مؤليف حوقوقلارينا گؤره راکولون تصویری تدريجاً ايجتيماعی حافیظه‌دن چيخدی بۇ قورونما اوريژينال رسمين قیمت قازانماسی ايله نتيجه‌لندی — ۲۰۰۲-جی ايلده بو نقاشی حدوداً ۵ ميليون آمریکا دوللارينا ساتيلدی.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F5wukQLkavoC&pg=PA399 |page=399 |title=American Women during World War II: an encyclopedia |last=Weatherford |first=Doris |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=0-415-99475-6 |year=2009}}</ref> بونون عکسینه "We Can Do It! " رسمی‌نين قوْورونماماسی بو رسمی‌نين یئنیدن نشر و چاپ اولماسینا سبب اولوب.<ref name=loc /> ==جرالدین هوفون عکسی== ايديعا اولونور کی، ميلر "We Can Do It!" پوسترینی ۱۹۴۲-جی ايلده آنن آربور، ميشيقاندا کارخانا ايشچی‌سی اوْلان ۱۷ ياشلی جرالدين هوفون عکسیندن تقلید ائتمیشدیر.<ref name=latimes /><ref name=NYT2010>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/30/us/30doyle.html |title=Geraldine Doyle, Iconic Face of World War II, Dies at 86 |date=December 29, 2010 |last=Williams |first=Timothy |work=The New York Times }}</ref><ref name=NPR>{{cite web|last=Memmot |first=Mark |url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/12/30/132484640/michigan-woman-who-inspired-wwii-rosie-poster-has-died |title=Michigan Woman Who Inspired WWII 'Rosie' Poster Has Died |publisher=NPR |date=December 31, 2010 |accessdate=January 23, 2012}}</ref> هوف عکسده متال-یوْنما ماشينی اۆزرينده اَييليب و اللری ايله جيهازی مؤحکم ايداره ائتمه‌سی تصویر اولونوب.<ref name=NPR /> هوفون فوتوقرافی چکیلندن سونرا کارخانا ايشينی ترک ائتميشدير؛ او، متال دامغالاما ماشنين قاباقکی اوپراتورونون الینین يارالاماسينی ائشيتميشدی و ويولونسل چالماق مهارتینی الدن وئرمک ايستميردی.<ref name=latimes>{{cite news |first=Dennis |last=McLellan |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-geraldine-hoff-doyle-20101231,0,1376340.story |title=Geraldine Hoff Doyle dies at 86; inspiration behind a famous wartime poster |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 31, 2010}}</ref> هوف بیر آیری کارخانادا یئنیدن ايشه باشلامیشدی.<ref>{{cite journal |work=Michigan History Magazine |volume=78 |pages=54–55 |year=1994 |title=Geraldine Hoff Doyle |last=Schimpf |first=Sheila |publisher=Michigan Department of State}}</ref> ميلر پوسترده يئنی تفسير ياراتماق اۆچون هوفون ساغ الينده سيخديغی يومروق، اوْنون سوْل الی ا‌يله ساغ قولونداکی کؤينگين قوْلونو قاتلاماسی کيمی چکميشدير. ميلر هوفون باشينی ایزله‌ین‌لره چئويريب، اوْنو داها عضله‌لی تصویر ائتدی. او، همچینين اوْنون ياخاسينا "We Can Do It!" امکداش شخصيت نيشانی قويموشدو.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2011/01/04/myth-making-and-the-we-can-do-it-poster/ |last=Sharp |first=Gwen |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Myth-Making and the 'We Can Do It!' Poster |work=The Society Pages |accessdate=January 23, 2012}}</ref> هوف بۇ حاقدا هئچ بير شئی بيلميردی؛ اوْ، ميلرين پوستر ياراتماسيندان خبرسيز ايدی.<ref name=latimes /> هوف ۱۹۴۳-ده ائولندی و جرالدين دويل اوْلدو.<ref name=latimes /> "We Can Do It!" تاريخچيی‌سی چارلز آ. روچون سؤزلرينه گؤره، او، رسمين دويلا منسوب اولماسینیا شوبهه ايله ياناشير. او، ميلرين فوتوقرافیندان دئييل، ترسینه جانلی مودللردن ايش ياراتماغی سئويردی."Rosie the Riveter: Women working on the home front in World War II" کيتابی‌نين مؤليفی پنی کولمانين سؤزلرينه گؤره، اوْ و روچ، ميلرين دويل فوتوقرافیندا اوْلوب-اوْلماديغينی موعين ائده بيلمه ميشديلر.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pennycolman.com/my-books/rosie-the-riveter-image/ |title=Rosie the Riveter Image |date=December 30, 2010 |last=Coleman |first=Penny |publisher=PennyColeman.com |accessdate=January 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428052725/http://www.pennycolman.com/my-books/rosie-the-riveter-image/ |archivedate=2011-04-28 }}</ref> ۱۹۸۲-جی ايلده "We Can Do It!" پوستری "Poster Art for Patriotism's Sake" مقاله‌سی واشینقتون‌پوست ژورناليندا درج اولونموشدور.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Patricia |last=Brennan |title=Poster Art for Patriotism's Sake |work=[[The Washington Post|Washington Post Magazine]] |date=May 23, 1982 |page=35}}</ref> دويل ۱۹۸۴-جو ايله قدر "We Can Do It!" پوستری‌نين مودلی اوْلدوغونو بیلمیردی؛ او، اؤزونو Modern Maturity ژورنالی‌نين مقاله‌سينده گؤرموشدو.<ref name="nbcnews">{{cite news|last=Chuck|first=Elizabeth|title=Geraldine Doyle, inspiration for 'Rosie the Riveter,' dies at 86|url=http://fieldnotes.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/12/30/5738254-geraldine-doyle-inspiration-for-rosie-the-riveter-dies-at-86|accessdate=July 1, 2015|work=Field Notes from NBC News|date=December 30, 2010|archive-date=2011-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101123212/http://fieldnotes.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/12/30/5738254-geraldine-doyle-inspiration-for-rosie-the-riveter-dies-at-86|url-status=dead|archivedate=2011-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101123212/http://fieldnotes.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/12/30/5738254-geraldine-doyle-inspiration-for-rosie-the-riveter-dies-at-86}}</ref> دويل اوّل اؤزونو گؤرمه‌سه ده، پوسترده اؤزونو تانيميشدی.<ref name=NYT2010 /> سوْنراکی ايللرده، پوستر فمينيزمی تشويق ائتمک اۆچون يئنيدن ایشه آلینمیشدی. فمينيستلر پوستری قادين صلاحيتلرين تجسسومو کيمی گؤروردولر.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KlxHgYqgDswC&pg=PA601 |page=601 |chapter=Rosie the Riveter |last=Endres |first=Kathleen L. |title=American icons: an encyclopedia of the people, places, and things |editor=Dennis Hall, Susan G. Hall |publisher=Greenwood |year=2006 |volume=1 |isbn=0-275-98429-X}}</ref> تاريخ پروفسورو جرميا آکسلرود رسمی قادينليغين کيشيليک کومپوزياسی و بدن ديلی ايله بيرلشمه‌سی کیمی ايضاح ائتميشدير.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Diederik Oostdijk, Markha G. Valenta |chapter=The Noir War: American Narratives of World War II and Its Aftermath |last=Axelrod |first=Jeremiah B.C. |title=Tales of the Great American Victory: World War II in Politics and Poetics |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cZvvAAAAMAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=VU University Press |page=81|isbn=978-90-5383-976-8 }}</ref> " سميتهسونيان " ژورنالی ۱۹۹۴-جو ايل مارس آييندا اوخوجولاری موحاريبه پلاکاتلار حاقيندا مقاله‌يه جلب ائتمک اۆچون رسمی اؤن صحيفه‌سينه يئرلشديرميشدی. فئوریه ۱۹۹۹-جو ايلده آمریکا پوست سرویسی رسم اساسيندا، " قادين دستگی موحاريبه جهدلرينده " ايفاده سينی علاوه ائديب، 33 ¢ پوست مارکاسی ياراتميشدير.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rosietheriveter.org/hilite.htm |title=1999–2000 Highlights |work=Rosie The Riveter Memorial Project |location=Richmond, California |date=April 2003 |publisher=Rosie the Riveter Trust |accessdate=January 24, 2012 |archivedate=2012-03-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328001039/http://www.rosietheriveter.org/hilite.htm }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=1352aaaa8d4396c687fbde59ce0e09035b7c418a |title=Women Support War Effort |publisher=United States Postal Service |accessdate=January 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://about.usps.com/publications/pub512.pdf |title=Women On Stamps (Publication 512) |date=April 2003 |publisher=United States Postal Service |accessdate=January 24, 2012 |archivedate=2013-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420164713/http://about.usps.com/publications/pub512.pdf }}</ref> ۱۹۴۳-جو ايلين پلاکاتي آمريکا تاريخی میلی موزه‌سينده، ۱۹۳۰-جو و ۱۹۴۰-جی ايللرين اشيالاری کيمی سرگيلنميشدير.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/exhibitions/small_exhibition.cfm?exkey=143&key=1267&pagekey=246 |title=Treasures of American History: The Great Depression and World War II |publisher=National Museum of American History |accessdate=January 24, 2012 |archivedate=2012-10-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019145236/http://americanhistory.si.edu/exhibitions/small_exhibition.cfm?key=1267&exkey=143&pagekey=246 }}</ref> دويلون رسمله علاقه‌دار اولدوغوندان مشهورلاشميشدير. او، زامان زامان ميشیقان قادين شؤهرتی زالينا گئديب، پلاکاتلاردا اؤز ايمضاسينی يازيردی. دويلون سؤزلرينه گؤره، اونون گنجليگينده اؤزونون تانينماماسی ياخشی حال ايدی: " من بو قدر هيجانا دؤزه بيلمزديم " .<ref name=latimes /> ==میراث== حال-حاضيردا پوستر ایکینجی دونيا ساواشی زامانیندا موعين اوْلان هدفیندن اوْتایا کئچیب و چوخ یایغین بیر شکیلده تانينميشدیر. پوستر بزکلی کؤینک، دؤیمه، قهوه فینجانی و سویودوجو قاپیسینا یاپیشدیریلان زینتلر کیمی ايشله‌نیب، واشينقتون پوست بۇنو واشينقتون شهرینده " ان چوْخ معروض اولونان " یادیگار اشیا آدلانديريب<ref name=MythMisconception2006 />. ۲۰۰۸جی ايلده آمریکادا سئچکيلری زامانی بوپوستر موختليف منطقه‌لرده سارا پیلين، رون پول و هیللاری کیلنتونون تبليغاتيندا ايستيفاده ائديلميشدير.<ref name=CushingDrescher2009 /> ۲۰۱۰-جو ايل ژوئنینده جوليا قیلارد اوستراليانين ايلک قادين باش‌ناظیری اوْلدوغوندان سونرا، " فونیکس" آدلی ملبورن کوچه رسامی قيلاردين اۆزونو "بيز بونو ائده بيلريک!" پوستری‌نين قارا-آغ نوسخه‌سینه يئرلشديرميشدی.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/phoenixthestreetartist/4748630334/ |date=June 29, 2010 |title=We Can Do It! |author=Phoenix |publisher=[[Flickr]] |accessdate=October 5, 2012}}</ref> Another Magazine ژورنالی همين پوسترین فوتوشکلینی ۲۰۱۰-جو ايل ژولاییندا درج ائتميشدير.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.anothermag.com/current/view/348/Australian_President_Julia_Gillard |title=Australian President, Julia Gillard |archiveurl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:v3jSEN5VM78J:www.anothermag.com/current/view/348/Australian_President_Julia_Gillard+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |archivedate=September 27, 2012 |date=July 27, 2010 |work=[[AnOther Magazine]] |first=David |last=Hellqvist |accessdate=October 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://damadesign.tumblr.com/post/866607274/julia-gillard-former-president-of-australia-as |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121225140121/http://damadesign.tumblr.com/post/866607274/julia-gillard-former-president-of-australia-as |archivedate=2012-12-25 |date=July 8, 2010 |title=Julia Gillard |author=Dama Design |publisher=[[Tumblr]] |accessdate=October 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/phoenixthestreetartist/5523564006/ |date=March 12, 2011 |title=We Can Do It! |author=Phoenix |publisher=[[Flickr]] |accessdate=October 5, 2012}}</ref> ۲۰۱۱-جی ايل مارسدا "فونیکس" همين رسمين رنگلی نوسخه‌سینی ياراديب، پوستره "She Did It!" (تورکجه. اۇ، ائتدی!‎) سؤزلرينی، ۲۰۱۲-جی ايل ژانویه‌سینده ده موورب شکیلده "Too Sad" (تورکجه. چوخ غمگين‎) ايفاده‌سینی آرتيرماقلا اوستراليا سياستينه قارشی مأيوسلوق فيکرينی ايفاده ائتميشدي.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/phoenixthestreetartist/4759196620/in/photostream// |date=July 2, 2010 |title=We Can Do It! |author=Phoenix |publisher=[[Flickr]] |accessdate=October 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/phoenixthestreetartist/6808410971/ |date=January 23, 2012 |title=She Did It! (TOO SAD) |author=Phoenix |publisher=[[Flickr]] |accessdate=October 5, 2012}}</ref> Utne Reader ژورنالی مارج سيمپسونو "بيز بونو ائده بيلريک!" ژورنالين ژانویه-فئوریه ۲۰۱۱ نشرينده کوْمدی کيمی درج ائتميشدير.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utne.com/table-of-contents-january-february-2011.aspx |title=Table of Contents |date=January–February 2011 |work=Utne Reader |accessdate=January 24, 2012 |archivedate=2012-08-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831085555/http://www.utne.com/table-of-contents-january-february-2011.aspx }}</ref> ۲۰۱۱ -جی ايلده کاپیتان آمریکا: بيرينجی قیصاصچی فيلمی‌نين سوْنو اۆچون، "بيز بونو ائده بيلريک!" پوستری‌نین‌ اۆچ بوعدلو(3D) نوسخه‌سی ياراديلميشدير.<ref>{{cite web |title=Captain America: The First Avenger |url=http://www.artofthetitle.com/title/captain-america-the-first-avenger/ |work=Art of the Title |first=Lola |last=Landekic |date=August 30, 2011 |accessdate=February 17, 2012}}</ref> تبلیغات شوراسی‌نین ايديعاسينا گؤره، پوستر ۱۹۴۲-جی ايلده ساواش تبلیغات کومیته‌سی طرفيندن، " ايکی ميليون قادینی " ساواش وسایلی تولید ائتمک ایشینده چالیشماغا تشویق اۆچون ياراديلميشدير.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adcouncil.org/timeline.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216085055/http://www.adcouncil.org/timeline.html |title=The Story of the Ad Council |publisher=Ad Council |archivedate=2007-02-16 |accessdate=September 24, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adcouncil.org/About-Us/Frequently-Asked-Questions |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Ad Council |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |quote=Working in tandem with the Office of War Information, the Ad Council created campaigns such as Buy War Bonds, Plant Victory Gardens, 'Loose Lips Sink Ships,' and Rosie the Riveter's 'We Can Do it.' |archivedate=2013-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503040721/http://adcouncil.org/About-Us/Frequently-Asked-Questions }}</ref><ref name=Conlon>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peggy-conlon/happy-birthday-ad-council_b_1269338.html |last=Conlon |first=Peggy |title=Happy Birthday Ad Council! Celebrating 70 Years of Public Service Advertising |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=February 13, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2012}}</ref> ۲۰۱۲-جی ايل فئوریه‌سینده تبلیغات شوراسی‌نین ۷۰.جی ایل‌دؤنومونون قئید اولماسينا عايد، "Rosify Yourself" (تورکجه. اؤزونو روْزی ائله‎) آدلی فئيسبوک پلاتفورمو ياراتميشدی.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helpsgood.com/post/17615327499/helpsgood-develops-rosify-yourself-app-for-ad?ad313a00 |title=HelpsGood Develops 'Rosify Yourself' App for Ad Council's 70th Birthday |date=February 2012 |publisher=HelpsGood |accessdate=September 24, 2012 |archivedate=2013-01-26 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130126165316/http://www.helpsgood.com/post/17615327499/helpsgood-develops-rosify-yourself-app-for-ad?ad313a00 }}</ref> "Today" تلویزیون وئريليشی‌نين ایشچیلری، آپاریجیار مت لويئر و ان کاری " روْزی"لشميش شکيللرينی اؤز سايتينا يئرلشديرميشديلر.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://allday.today.com/_news/2012/02/13/10395999-plaza-sign-of-the-day-matt-as-rosie-the-riveter |title=Plaza sign of the day: Matt as Rosie the Riveter |last=Veres |first=Steve |date=February 13, 2012 |work=Today |publisher=MSN Allday Today |accessdate=September 24, 2012}}</ref> لاکين، سیتون هال بیلیم‌یوردونون پروفسورو جیمز ج.کیمبل و پيتسبورق بیلیم‌یوردونون پروفسورو لستر ج.ولسونون آراشدارمالارينا گؤره، پوستر نه تبلیغات شوراسی‌ طرفيندن، نه ده ساواش ايستحصال جلب ائتمک اۆچون ياراديلميشدير.<ref name=MythMisconception2006 /> ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== *[http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_538122 "We Can Do It!" poster at the National Museum of American History] {{آمبار بؤلمه}} *[https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=3350 Library of Congress Webcast] *[http://americangallery.wordpress.com/2009/06/02/j-howard-miller-1918-2004/ J. Howard Miller (1918 – 2004)] {{Authority control}} 8ippdd7vwyp9dxbhe04epbk3f3o9ysi 0 377035 1590738 1540837 2026-07-15T10:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | image = أبو حامد الغزالي.png | caption = Al-Ghazālī in Arabic calligraphy | region = [[بؤیوک سلجوق دؤولتی]] ([[نیشابور]])<ref name=Meri>{{cite book|last=Griffel|first=Frank|title=Medieval Islamic civilization : an encyclopedia|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0415966900|editor=Meri, Josef W.}}</ref>{{RP|292}}<br/>[[عباسی خلافتی]] ([[بغداد]]) / ([[بیت المقدس]]) / ([[دمشق]]) <ref name=Meri />{{RP|292}}| era = [[Islamic Golden Age]] | name = Al-Ghazālī (Algazel)<br/>{{Lang|ar|الغزالي}} | title = Hujjat ul-Islam (honorific)<ref name="Hunt Janin p 83"/> | birth_name = Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ġaz(z)ālī | birth_date = 1058 CE | birth_place = [[Tus, Iran|Tus]], [[خوراسان]], [[بؤیوک سلجوق دؤولتی]] | death_date = 19 December 1111 (aged 53) | death_place = [[Tus, Iran|Tus]], [[خوراسان]], [[بؤیوک سلجوق دؤولتی]] | religion = [[ایسلام]] |denomination = [[سونیلر]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meri|first1=Josef W.|last2=Bacharach|first2=Jere L.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K|date=2006|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=978-0415966917|page=293}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Böwering|first1=Gerhard|last2=Crone|first2=Patricia|title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|url=https://archive.org/details/princetonencyclo0000unse|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0691134840|page=[https://archive.org/details/princetonencyclo0000unse/page/191 191]|quote=Ghazali (ca. 1058–1111) Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Tusi (the “Proof of Islam”) is the most renowned Sunni theologian of the Seljuq period (1038–1194).}}</ref> |jurisprudence = [[Shafiʿi]] |creed = [[Ashʿari]]<ref name="jacb1">{{cite book|last1 = A.C. Brown|first1 = Jonathan|authorlink=Jonathan A.C. Brown|title = Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World ''(Foundations of Islam)''|url = https://archive.org/details/hadithmuhammadsl0000brow|date = 2009|publisher = [[Oneworld Publications]]|isbn = 978-1851686636|page = [https://archive.org/details/hadithmuhammadsl0000brow/page/179 179]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia|url = https://archive.org/details/quranencyclopedi2006unse|last = Leaman|first = Oliver|publisher = Taylor & Francis|year = 2006|isbn = 978-0415326391|location = |pages = [https://archive.org/details/quranencyclopedi2006unse/page/84 84]}}</ref> | main_interests = [[صوفی‌لیک]], [[theology]] (''[[کلام بیلگی‌سی]]''), [[فلسفه]], [[منطیق]], [[فیقه]] | notable_works = ''[[The Revival of Religious Sciences]]'', ''[[The Aims of the Philosophers]]'', ''[[The Incoherence of the Philosophers]]'', ''[[Kimiya-yi sa'ādat|The Alchemy of Happiness]]'', ''[[The Moderation in Belief]]'', ''[[Al-Mustasfa min 'ilm al-usul|On Legal theory of Muslim Jurisprudence]]'' | influences = | influenced = [[Ibn Tumart]],<ref>Frank Griffel, Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology, p. 77. {{ISBN|0199724725}}</ref> [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Fakhruddin Razi]],<ref>Frank Griffel, Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology, p 75. {{ISBN|0199724725}}</ref> [[جلال‌الدین سیوطی]],<ref>Andrew Rippin, The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an, p 410. {{ISBN|1405178442}}</ref> [[Al-Nawawi]],<ref>Frank Griffel, Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology, p 76. {{ISBN|0199724725}}</ref> [[ابن میمون]],<ref name="plato.stanford.edu">[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maimonides-islamic/ The Influence of Islamic Thought on Maimonides] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, June 30, 2005</ref> [[Thomas Aquinas]],<ref>Karin Heinrichs, Fritz Oser, Terence Lovat, Handbook of Moral Motivation: Theories, Models, Applications, p 257. {{ISBN|9462092753}}</ref> [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]]<ref>[http://www.netmuslims.com/index.php/islamic-articles/muslim-contributions/89-muslim-philosophy Muslim Philosophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193408/http://www.netmuslims.com/index.php/islamic-articles/muslim-contributions/89-muslim-philosophy |date=2013-10-29 }}, Islamic Contributions to Science & Math, netmuslims.com</ref>}} '''امام محمد غزالی''' تام آدی '''ابی حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالی الشافعی''' یا '''حجت‌الاسلام زین الدین الطوسی''' (۴۵۰ — ۵۰۵ ه‍.ق) — موسلمان فقیه، [[فیلسوف]] و [[صوفی]]سی. == حیاتی == هئچ موبالیغه‌سیز بۇ خوراسانلینین [[ایسلام]] عالمینده گؤرولن ان گۆج‌لو شخصیت و اَن یاخشی بیینلردن بیری اوْلدوغو سؤیلَنه بیلر. اوْنا وئریلن "حجت‌الاسلام" (ایسلامین دلیلی، ثبوتو) لقبی ده بونو گؤستریر. ابی حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالی هیجری ۴۵۰ / میلادی [[۱۰۵۹ (میلادی)]]-جو ایلده شاعر فیردووسینین خوراسان‌داکی وطنی اوْلان توس جیواریندا بیر قصبه‌ده دوغولموشدور. اوْ و قارداشی احمد آتالارینی ایتیردیکلری سیرادا هله کیچیک یاشدا بیر اۇشاق ایدیلر. (قارداشین‌دان داها سوْنرا بیر [[صوفی]] اوْلاراق بحث ائدیله‌جک‌دیر) فقط اؤلومون‌دن اؤنجه اوْنلاری بیر دوْستونون وصیّتینه امانت ائتمیشدیر. مودریک (حاکم) بیر صوفی بۇ ذات اوْنلارا ایلک مییللرینی تامین ائتدی. داها سوْنرا گنج غزالی [[نیشابور]]<nowiki/>ا گئتدی. [[نیشابور]] اوْ سیرادا خوراسانین و ایسلام عالمی‌نین ان واجیب مدنیت مرکزلریندن بیری ایدی. غزالی بۇرادا دؤورونون [[Əşərilər|اشاری]] مکتبی اۇستادی اوْلان [[امام‌الحرمین جوینی]] تانیدی و اوْنون شاگیردی اوْلدو. امام‌الحرمین جوینی اؤلومو اۆزرینه مشهور سلجوق‌لو وزیری خواجه نظام‌الملک طوسی ایله علاقه‌لری اوْلدو و اوْنون قوردوغو مدره‌سه-ی نیظامییه آدینی داشییان [[بغداد]] بیلیم یوردوسی ۴۸۴/۱۰۹۱-جی ایلده اوستاد تعیین ائدیلدی. بۇ دؤور غزالی‌نین حیاتیندا اساس تییندیجی مرحله‌نی احتیوا ائدیر. اوْرادا شخصیتی‌نین اینکیشافینی و تاثیرلنمه‌سی اۆچون الوریش‌لی مۆحیطی تاپدی و فلسفی بیلیینی دَرینلشدیردی. ==قایناق== {{قایناق}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:موسلمان عالیملر]] [[بؤلمه:ایرانلی عالیملر]] luowztssyara5ih5k8bm06o2xc5i3q6 0 381230 1590603 1590587 2026-07-15T03:02:25Z Atsuner 56074 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-39665-06|~2026-39665-06]] ([[User talk:~2026-39665-06|دانیشیق]]) طرفین‌دن ائدیلمیش دییشیک‌لیک‌لر [[User:EmausBot|EmausBot]] طرفین‌دن ائدیلمیش دییشیک‌لیک‌لره قایتاریلدی. 1038952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Sammy Hagar | background = solo_singer | image = SammyHagar.JPG | caption = Hagar live at the [[Moondance Jam]] on July 10, 2008 | birth_name = Samuel Roy Hagar<ref name=cert/> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1947|10|13}} | birth_place = [[Salinas, California]], U.S.<ref name=cert/> | alias = The Red Rocker | genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] | instrument = Vocals, guitar | years_active = 1967–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] * [[Geffen Records|Geffen]] * [[MCA Records|MCA]] * Cabo Wabo Music * Beyond Music * Loud & Proud * [[Roadrunner Records|Roadrunner]] * Silverline * [[earMUSIC]] * [[33rd Street Records|33rd Street]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Montrose (band)|Montrose]] * [[ون هیلن]] * [[Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve|HSAS]] * [[The Waboritas|Sammy Hagar & The Waboritas]] * The Other Half * Los Tres Gusanos * [[Planet Us]] * [[چیکن‌فوت]] * [[The Circle (band)|The Circle]] }} | website = {{URL|redrocker.com}} }} '''سمی هیقار''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Sammy Hagar) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[موسیقیچی]] - [[هوی متال موسیقی|هوی متال]]، [[هارد راک]] [[موسیقی ژانری|موسیقی ژانرلاریندا]] اثرلر یارادیب. سمی هیقار ۱۳ اوْکتوبر ۱۹۴۷ ‏ تاریخینده [[Salinas, California]] شهرینده حیاتا گؤز آچیب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Sammy Hagar | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{موسیقی-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:موسیقیچیلر]] 64ei6mmw0i9b3z7kn02i3eijain4yfe 0 381510 1590668 1447216 2026-07-15T08:05:57Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> |name = Steve Jones |image = Camp Freddy - Steve Jones - 2008.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption = Jones in 2008 |background = solo_singer |birth_name = Stephen Philip Jones |alias = |years_active =1972–present |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|9|3|60|df=y}}<ref name=BFI>{{cite web |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/493681 |title=Jones, Steve |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=6 June 2010 |archivedate=2012-10-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019031531/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/493681 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-55861726.html |title=Today in Music: a look back at pop music |publisher=United Press International |date=3 September 2002}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Indicates Jones' 47th birthday.</ref> |birth_place = [[شپردز بوش]], London, England<ref name=BFI/> |death_date = |instrument = {{flat list| * [[Guitar]] * [[Bass guitar|bass]] * [[Singing|vocals]] }} |genre = {{flat list| * [[Punk rock]] * [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] }} |label = [[Virgin Records|Virgin]], [[MCA Records|MCA]], [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]] |associated_acts = [[سکس پیستولز]], [[The Professionals (band)|The Professionals]], [[Chequered Past]], Fantasy 7, '''[[P (band)|P]]''', [[Neurotic Outsiders]], [[سوزی اند د بنشیز]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first1=Steve |last2=Thompson |first2=Ben |title=Lonely Boy: Tales from a Sex Pistol |url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyboytalesfr0000jone |chapter=Siouxsie Incidentally |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2017 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyboytalesfr0000jone/page/220 220] |accessdate=2017-02-23 |quote=I played a few tracks on Kaleidoscope }}</ref> [[ایقی پاپ]], [[مقادث]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=12379 |title=Dave Mustaine Refused Sex Demands of Ex-Pistol |work=Metal Underground |date=28 February 2005 |accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> [[Insane Clown Posse]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jgtwo.wordpress.com/2011/08/22/juggalo-sex-pistol-shocker-insane-clown-posse-totally-pulled-a-sid-vicious-on-steve-jones/|title=Juggalo Sex Pistol Shocker: Insane Clown Posse Totally Pulled a Sid Vicious on Steve Jones |date=22 August 2011 |work=JG2LAND |accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/piggy-pie-old-school-mt0001208149/lyrics |title=Piggy Pie (Old School) |work=AllMusic |accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> [[جون جت]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb10/articles/classictracks_0210.htm |title=Classic Tracks: Joan Jett "I Love Rock & Roll" |first=Richard |last=Buskin |work=[[Sound on Sound]] |date=February 2010 |accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> [[Sham Pistols]], [[دورن دورن]] }} '''ایستیو جونز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Steve Jones) [[اینگیلیس|اینگیلیسلی]] [[موسیقیچی]] - چئشیتلی [[موسیقی ژانری|موسیقی ژانرلاریندا]] اثرلر یارادیب. ایستیو جونز ۳ سپتامبر ۱۹۵۵ ‏ تاریخینده حیاتا گؤز آچیب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Steve Jones (musician) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{موسیقی-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:موسیقیچیلر]] ouqywqq4k7ll39xi8heij0gx6c6lz2v 0 382282 1590611 1536391 2026-07-15T06:21:52Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = The Yardbirds | background = group_or_band | image = Yardbirds_including_Page.JPG | image_size = 250 | landscape = Yes | caption = The Yardbirds, 1966. From left: Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, Chris Dreja, Keith Relf and Jim McCarty. | origin = [[لندن]], England | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Blues rock]]<ref>The following sources refer to the Yardbirds as blues rock: *{{cite book |last= Knowles|first= Christopher|date= 2010|title= The Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TMHr1g7T8gQC&pg=PT93&dq=The+Yardbirds+blues+rock&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c8qWVZHeK4XcUb31qogE&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=false|location= |publisher= Viva Editions|page= |isbn= 978-1573444057|access-date= }} *{{cite book |last= Talevski|first= Nick|date= 1999|title= The Encyclopedia of Rock Obituaries|url=https://archive.org/details/tombstoneblues00nick|location= |publisher= Omnibus Press|page= [https://archive.org/details/tombstoneblues00nick/page/356 356]|isbn= 978-0711975484|access-date= }} *{{cite book |last= Witmer|first= Scott|date= 2009|title= History of Rock Bands|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofrockban0000witm|location= |publisher= Abdo Publishing Company|page= [https://archive.org/details/historyofrockban0000witm/page/18 18]|isbn= 978-1604536928|access-date= }} *{{cite book |last= Wadhams|first= Wayne|date= 2001|title= Inside the Hits: The Seduction of a Rock and Roll Generation (Pop Culture)|url=https://archive.org/details/insidehits0000wadh|location= |publisher= Omnibus Press|page= [https://archive.org/details/insidehits0000wadh/page/189 189]|isbn= 978-0634014307|access-date= }}</ref> * [[psychedelic rock]]<ref>The following sources refer to the Yardbirds as psychedelic rock: *{{cite book |last= Cochran|first= Bobby|date= 2003|title= The Eddie Cochran Story: Three Steps to Heaven|url= |location= |publisher= Hal Leonard Corporation|page= 43|isbn= 978-0634032523|access-date=}} *{{cite book |last= Cope|first= Julian|author-link= Julian Cope|date= 2007|title= [[Japrocksampler|Japrocksampler: How the Post-War Japanese Blew Their Minds on Rock 'n' Roll]] |url= |location= |publisher= Bloomsbury UK|page= |isbn= 978-0747589457|access-date=}} *{{cite book|author=Frank Reddon|title=Sonic Boom: The Impact of Led Zeppelin. - Break and Enter|date=10 July 2012|publisher=eBookIt.com|isbn=978-0-9784446-5-5|page=17}} *{{cite book|author1=Michael Campbell|author2=James Brody|title=Rock and Roll: An Introduction|date=27 February 2007|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=1-111-79453-7|page=206}}</ref> * [[British rhythm and blues|rhythm and blues]]<ref>The following sources refer to the Yardbirds as rhythm and blues: *{{cite book|author1=Dave Marsh|author2=James Bernard|title=New Book of Rock Lists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dEddefiYx0C&pg=PA282|date=1 November 1994|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-78700-4|page=282}} *{{cite book|author=Phil Thompson|title=The Best of Cellars: The Story of the Cavern Club|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmjsAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Tempus|isbn=978-0-7524-4202-0|page=53}} *{{cite book|author=Nigel Williamson|title=The Rough Guide to the Blues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgE8AQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-519-5|page=63}} *{{cite book|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of R&B and Soul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ci7aAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Virgin|isbn=978-0-7535-0241-9|page=102}}</ref> }} | years_active = {{flatlist| * 1963–1968 * 1992–present }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Columbia Graphophone Company|Columbia]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] * [[EMI|EMI/Capitol]]}} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[The Jeff Beck Group]] * [[Cream (band)|Cream]] * [[لد زپلین]] * [[Renaissance (band)|Renaissance]] * [[Box of Frogs]] * [[Graham Gouldman]] }} | website = {{URL|www.theyardbirds.com}} | current_members = *[[Jim McCarty]] *[[Kenny Aaronson]] *[[John Idan]] *Godfrey Townsend *[[Myke Scavone]] | past_members = See: [[#Members|Members section for detailed list]] }} '''یاردبردز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: The Yardbirds) [[موسیقیچی]] - چئشیتلی [[موسیقی ژانری|موسیقی ژانرلاریندا]] اثرلر یارادیب. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =The Yardbirds | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{موسیقی-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:موسیقیچیلر]] snc8gwz5wlwjd7g3d4tpz4cicj7r0sh 0 386348 1590755 1033925 2026-07-15T11:26:33Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = Love |image = LOVE60s.png |image_size = 250 |landscape = yes |caption = Love in 1967 |background = group_or_band |alias = Love Revisited |origin = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. |genre = {{flatlist| * [[Psychedelic rock]]<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Patrick |last= Prince |title= New label to release Love's 'Black Beauty' |magazine= [[Goldmine (magazine)|Goldmine]] |date= 31 March 2011 |accessdate= 17 September 2016 |url= http://www.goldminemag.com/news/new-label-to-release-loves-black-beauty}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[folk rock]]}}<ref>{{cite web|first= Richie |last= Unterberger |authorlink= Richie Unterberger |title= Love – Artist Biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= October 28, 2016 |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/love-mn0000314600/biography}}</ref> * [[acid rock]]<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Einarson|year=2001|title=Desperados: The Roots of Country Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/desperadosrootso0000eina|publisher=Cooper Square Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/desperadosrootso0000eina/page/8 8]|isbn=978-0-8154-1065-2}}</ref> * [[psychedelic pop]]<ref>{{cite book|author=SPIN Media LLC|title=SPIN|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iemUgvxmQcYC&pg=PA52&dq=%22love%22|date=October 2006|publisher=SPIN Media LLC|page=52|ISSN=0886-3032}}</ref> }} |years_active = {{flatlist| * {{start date|1965}}–{{end date|1996}} * {{start date|2002}}–{{end date|2005}} * {{start date|2009}}–present }} |Label = {{flatlist| * [[Elektra Records|Elektra]] * [[Blue Thumb Records|Blue Thumb]] * [[Harvest Records|Harvest]] * [[RSO Records|RSO]] * [[Rhino Records|Rhino]] * [[Sundazed Records|Sundazed]] * [[Big Beat Records (Ace subsidiary)|Big Beat]] }} |associated_acts = Baby Lemonade |website = {{URL|love-revisited.com}} |current_members = * [[Johnny Echols]] * Mike Randle * David Green * David Chapple * Rusty Squeezebox |past_members = See [[#Members|members section]] }} '''لاو''' (موسیقی قروپو) ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Love) چئشیتلی [[موسیقی ژانری|موسیقی ژانرلاریندا]] اثرلر وئرن بیر موزیک قروبودور. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Love (band) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{موسیقی-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:موسیقیچیلر]] hk0yll31mhjk3ypdbki4x51csttujn7 0 471035 1590676 1587950 2026-07-15T08:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = بیرینجی سلیم | title = [[خلیفه‌لر لیستی|ایسلام خلیفه‌سی]]<br/>[[امیرالمؤمنین]]<br/>[[ایکی موقدس مسجیدین خادیمی]]<br/>[[سزار (عونوان)|قیصر روم]]<br/>[[غازی]]<br/>[[خان (عونوان)|خان]]<br/>[[شاه (عونوان)|شاه]]<br/>یاووز | titletext = | more = | type = | image = Yavuz Sultan Gazi Selim Han - السلطان الغازي ياووز سليم خان.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | moretext = | succession = [[عثمانلی سولطان‌لاری‌نین لیستی|۹-جو عثمانلی سولطانی]] | reign = ۲۴ آوریل ۱۵۱۲– ۲۲ سپتامبر ۱۵۲۰ | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[ایکینجی بایزید]] | successor = [[بیرینجی سلیمان]] |succession2= [[خلیفه‌لر لیستی|۷۴-جو ایسلام خلیفه‌سی]] |reign-type2=حؤکۆم |reign2={{nowrap|۲۲ ژانویه ۱۵۱۷– ۲۲ سپتامبر ۱۵۲۰}} |predecessor2=[[اۆچونجو متوکل]] |successor2=[[بیرینجی سلیمان]] | birth_date = ۱۰ اوْکتوبر ۱۴۷۰ | birth_place = [[آماسیا]]، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1520|9|22|1470|10|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[چورلو]]، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]] | burial_date = | burial_place = [[یاووز سلیم مسجیدی]]، [[ایستانبول]] | spouse-type = حیات یولداشی | spouse = [[عایشه حفصه سولطان]]<br>[[ایکینجی عایشه خانون]] | issue = [[بیرینجی سلیمان]]<br>[[گوهرخان سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|گوهرخان سولطان]]<br>[[خدیجه سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|خدیجه سولطان]]<br>[[بی‌خان سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|بی‌خان سولطان]]<br>[[فاطمه سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|فاطمه سولطان]]<br>[[حافظه حفصه سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|حافظه حفصه سولطان]]<br>[[شاه سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|شاه سولطان]]<br>[[شاهزاده اورهان (بیرینجی سلیم اوغلو)|شاهزاده اورهان]]<br>[[شاهزاده موسی (بیرینجی سلیم اوغلو)|شاهزاده موسی]]<br>[[شاهزاده قورقود (بیرینجی سلیم اوغلو)|شاهزاده قورقود]]<br>[[شاهزاده صالح (بیرینجی سلیم اوغلو)|شاهزاده صالح]]<br>[[سولطان‌زاده سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|سولطان‌زاده سولطان]]<br>[[قمرشاه سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|قمرشاه سولطان]]<br>[[یئنی‌شاه سولطان (بیرینجی سلیم قیزی)|یئنی‌شاه سولطان]]<br>[[اویس پاشا]] | full name = بایزید اوْغلو سلیم | house = [[عثمانلی سولاله‌سی|عثمانلی]] | house-type = سولاله | father = [[ایکینجی بایزید]] | mother = [[ایکینجی گولباهار خاتون]] | religion = [[ایسلام]] | signature_type = [[طوغرا]] | signature = Tughra of Padishah Yavuz Sultan Selim.png }} '''بیرینجی سلیم''' ([[عثمانلی تورکجه‌سی|عثمانلیجا]]: سلیم اول‎؛ د. ۱۰ نوْوامبر ۱۴۷۰، [[آماسیا]]، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]] - اؤ. ۲۲ سپتامبر ۱۵۲۰، [[چورلو]]، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]]) و یا '''یاووز سولطان سلیم'''، [[عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو]]نون ۹-جو [[عثمانلی سولطان‌لاری‌نین لیستی|سولطانی]] و ۷۴-جو [[خلیفه‌لر لیستی|ایسلام خلیفه‌سی]] دیر.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Selim-I|title= Selim I - Ottoman sultan|access-date= 2 August 2023|language= en|work=britannica.com|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150701035657/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Selim-I|archive-date= 1 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mansel |first=Philip |title=Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924 |year= 2011 |isbn=978-1848546479 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=LrnvC98bNSoC&dq=selim+the+resolute&pg=PT42 PT42] |publisher=John Murray Press}}</ref> ۱۵۱۲–۱۵۲۰ ایللری آراسیندا سۆرن ۸ ایللیک سلطنتینده ایمپیراتورلوغو اؤلچویه گلمز بیر سورعتله گئنیشلتدی.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tr/books?vid=ISBN9780816062591&newbks=0&redir_esc=y|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|access-date=2 August 2023|date=2009|language=English|publisher=Facts On File|first=Gábor|last=Ágoston|isbn=978-0-8160-6259-1|first2=Bruce Alan|last2=Masters|url-status=live}}</ref> اؤزللیکله ۱۵۱۶ ایله ۱۵۱۷ ایللری آراسیندا دۆزنله‌دیگی [[عثمانلی-مملوک ساواشی (۱۵۱۶–۱۵۱۷)|بؤیوک میصر سفری]] ایله بۆتون [[آرالیق دنیزی]] و [[میصر]] داخیل بیر چوْخ [[اورتا دوغو]] بؤلگه‌سی‌نی و [[مکه]] و [[مدینه]] کیمی [[ایسلام]] عالمینده اؤنملی شهرلر اوْلاراق ساییلان شهرلرین ایداره‌سی‌نی اله کئچیردی.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=of4dMQAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=tr|title=Yavuz Sultan Selim|access-date=2 August 2023|date=2016|language=Türkçe|publisher=Kapı Yayınları|first=Feridun M.|last=Emecen|isbn=978-605-5147-62-4|url-status=live}}</ref> سولطانلیغی دؤنمینده [[آنادولو]]دا بیرلیک برپا ائدیلدی، [[میصر]]ده حؤکوم سۆرن [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملوک سولطانلیغی]] و اوْنلارا باغلی [[عباسی خیلافتی]]‌نه سوْن وئریلیب، خیلافت [[عثمانلی خاندانی]]‌نا وئریلدی.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Finkel |first=Caroline |title=Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923 |url=https://archive.org/details/osmansdreamstory0000fink |date=2005 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-02396-7 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/osmansdreamstory0000fink/page/110 110]–111}}</ref> بۇندان باشقا ان اؤنملی ایکی [[تیجارت]] یوْلو اوْلان [[ایپک یولو]] و [[ادویات یولو]]نو دا اله کئچیردی و بۇ سایه‌ده دوغو تیجارت یوْللاری‌نی دا تاماماً کوْنترولو آلتینا آلدی.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mikhail |first=Alan |title=God's Shadow: Sultan Selim, His Ottoman Empire, and the Making of the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/godsshadowsultan0000mikh |date=2020 |publisher=Liveright |isbn=978-1-631-49239-6}}</ref> [[آماسیا]]دا دوْغولان و شاهزاده‌لیگی [[ترابزون]]‌دا [[سانجاق‌بیگی]] اوْلاراق کئچن ''بیرینجی سلیم''، ایلک ایللریندن سرت مزاجلی و جسارت‌لی اوْلدوغونو هله شاهزاده ایکن [[صفوی ایمپیراتورلوغو]] و [[سامتسخه پرنسلیگی]] ایله اوْلان دؤیوشلری ایله گؤستردی.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.karalahana.com/makaleler/tarih/yavuz_sultan_selim.htm|title= Trabzon Valisi Şehzade Selim ve Faaliyetleri|access-date= 2 August 2023|date= 18 September 2015|work= karalahana.com|first= Remzi|last= Kılıç|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150918205615/http://www.karalahana.com/makaleler/tarih/yavuz_sultan_selim.htm|archive-date= 18 September 2015|accessdate= 2025-07-28|archivedate= 2013-04-26|archiveurl= https://archive.today/20130426210012/http://www.karalahana.com/makaleler/tarih/yavuz_sultan_selim.htm}}</ref> اوْ، [[یئنی‌چئری]] دستگی ایله ۱۵۱۲ تاریخینده آتاسی [[ایکینجی بایزید]]ه کودیتا یاپاراق تخته چیخدی.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fuCPgAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=tr|title=Resimli Osmanli Tarihi|access-date=4 August 2023|date=2021|language=Türkçe|pages=131-157|publisher=Nesil Yayınları|first=Yavuz|last=Bahadıroğlu|isbn=978-975-269-299-2|url-status=live}}</ref> قارداشلاری طرفیندن اوْلان تهدیدلری برطرف ائتدیکن سوْنرا [[صفوی ایمپیراتورلوغو|صفوی]]‌لره قارشی [[چالدیران ساواشی]] ایله [[بیرینجی شاه اسماعیل]]ی مغلوب ائتدی و باشکند [[تبریز]]ی آلدی.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFmRtgAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=tr|title=Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Tarihi|access-date=4 August 2023|date=2007|language=Türkçe|pages=176-179|publisher=Nokta Kitap|first=Halil İbrahim|last=İnal|isbn=978-9944-174-37-4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/caldiran-savasi|title= ÇALDIRAN SAVAŞI|access-date= 5 August 2023|language= Türkçe|work= TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|first= Mustafa Çetin|last= Varlık|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190927052044/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/caldiran-savasi|archive-date= 27 September 2019}}</ref> آردیندان [[آنادولو]]دا بیرلیگی برپا ائتمک مقصدی ایله [[تورنا داغ دؤیوشو]] نتیجه‌سینده [[ذوالقدر بی‌لیگی]]‌نی یؽخدی و [[فرات-دجله سفری]] ایله [[گونئی دوغو آنادولو بؤلگه‌سی|گونئی دوغو آنادولو]]، [[عراق کوردوستان ایقلیمی|قوزئی عراق]] و قوزئی [[سوریه]]‌نی اله کئچیردی.<ref>{{cite book|title=Muhteşem Zaferler, Timaş Yayınları, 2009|page=22}}</ref><ref>Prof.Dr. Mehmet Bayraktar ''Kutlu Müderris İdris-i Bitlisi'' Biyografi Net Yayınları ISBN 975-00394-7-5</ref> آنادلودا بیرلیگی برپا ائتدیکدن سوْنرا ۱۵۱۶ تاریخینده [[عثمانلی-مملوک ساواشی (۱۵۱۶–۱۵۱۷)|بؤیوک میصر سفری]]‌نی باشلاتدی و [[مرج دابق دؤیوشو|مرج دابق]]، [[غزه دؤیوشو (۱۵۱۶)|غزه]]، [[ریدانیه دؤیوشو|ریدانیه]] و سوْن اوْلاراق [[قاهره دؤیوشو (۱۵۱۷)|قاهره]] دؤیوشلری ایله [[مملوک سولطانلیغی (میصر)|مملوک]]‌لری یؽخاراق، بۆتون [[سوریه]]، [[فیلیسطین]]، [[لوانت]]، [[میصر]] و [[حجاز]] کیمی استراتژیک بؤلگه‌لری ایمپیراتورلوق سرحدلرینه قاتدی.<ref>{{cite book| last= Şahiner | first= Atilla | title= Osmanlı Tarihi | date= 2008 | publisher= Lacivert Yayıncılık | language= Türkçe |id= ISBN 978944759021 | pages=107| chapter= Sultan (I.) Selim (Yavuz)}}</ref> ''یاووز سولطان سلیم''، سفردن سوْنرا [[ایسلام]] پئیغمبری ''[[حضرت محمد]]''ین [[موقدس امانت‌لر]] اوْلاراق بیلینن اشیالاری‌نی [[ایستانبول]]ا گتیردی و [[آیاصوفیا]]دا دۆزنله‌نن بیر مراسیمله رسماً خیلافتی سوْن [[عباسی خاندانی|عباسی خلیفه‌سی]] اوْلان [[اۆچونجو متوکل]]‌دن تسلیم آلدی و ایلک [[تورک خالقلاری|تورک]] سوْیلو ایسلام خلیفه‌سی اوْلدو.<ref>İslam Ansiklopedisi, cilt:&nbsp;17, sayfa:&nbsp;546</ref><ref>Dr. Aybars Pamir. ''Osmanlı Egemenlik Anlayışında Senedi İttifak'ın Yeri''. Yıl 2004 C.53 Sa.2 sayfa.61-82. [http://auhf.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/auhfd-arsiv/AUHF-2004-53-02/AUHF-2004-53-02-Pamir.pdf Tam metin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117132212/http://auhf.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/auhfd-arsiv/AUHF-2004-53-02/AUHF-2004-53-02-Pamir.pdf |date=17 November 2015 }}</ref> ۱۵۲۰ده باتی‌یا دوْغرو یوْلا چیخان ''یاووز سولطان سلیم''، ۲۲ سپتامبر ۱۵۲۰ تاریخینده [[چورلو]]دا یئرلشن اوْردوگاهیندا کۆره‌گینده چیخان بؤیوک بیر [[فرونکول|چیبان]] اۆزوندن ۴۹ یاشیندا وفات ائتمیش یئرینه اوْغلو [[بیرینجی سلیمان|قانونی سولطان سلیمان]] کئچمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.islamveihsan.com/yavuz-sultan-selim-kimdir.html|title= Yavuz Sultan Selim Kimdir?|access-date= 2 August 2023|date = 15 February 2022|language= Türkçe|work= İslam ve İhsan|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170513105027/https://www.islamveihsan.com/yavuz-sultan-selim-kimdir.html|archive-date= 13 May 2017}}</ref> ''یاووز''، باباسی [[ایکینجی بایزید]] یئرینه اوْتوردوغو زامان ۲٬۳۵۷٬۰۰۰ km²-لیک ایمپیراتورلوق سرحدلری‌نی ۷۰٪-ه قدر بؤیوده‌رک ۶٬۵۵۷٬۰۰۰ km² اوْلاراق اوْغلو [[بیرینجی سلیمان|قانونی سولطان سلیمان]]ا میراث بۇراخمیشدی.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807|title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia|access-date=2 August 2023|date=1 September 1997|format=3|language=English|pages=475-504|work=International Studies Quarterly|volume=41|first=Rein|last=Taagepera|issn=0020-8833|doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com.tr/books/edition/Osmanl%C4%B1/BIh5tAEACAAJ?hl=tr|title=Çadırdan Saraya, Saraydan Sürgüne Osmanlı|access-date=2 August 2023|id=ISBN 975-7645-70-2|chapter=Yavuz Sultan Selim|language=Türkçe|page=164|publisher=Yeni Şafak Gazetesi|date=2007|last=Tektaş|first=Nazım}}</ref> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} [[بؤلمه:شاهلار]] 5vgkbdughfifo7gjy2uwr4p66y95gkc 0 490580 1590651 1179270 2026-07-15T07:41:16Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590651 wikitext text/x-wiki بۇ مقاله ۱۵۵۵-جی ایلینده فرانسه‌ده اؤنملی باش وئرن حادیثه‌لر، دوْغوملار و اؤلوملر باخیر. ==دؤولت== *شاه : [[ایکینجی هانری]] ==دوْغوملار== [[File:Nicholas Hilliard 002.jpg|250px|thumb|<center>Françis of Alençon, by Nicholas Hilliard.</center>]] * [[۱۸ مارس]]، [[Pablo Cuneta]]، [[Francis, Duke of Anjou]]، [[Duke of Alençon]]، [[Touraine]]، [[Château-Thierry]]، [[Henry II of France]] * [[۶ July]]، [[Lorraine Fullbrook]]، [[Reims]]، [[۱۵۷۴]]، [[۱۵۸۸]]، [[۱۵۸۸]] * [[۲۸ سپتامبر]]، [[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon]] ==اؤلوملر== * [[۱۴ ژانویه]]، [[Jacques Dubois]] * [[۲۵ مئی]]، [[Henry II of Navarre]] ==قایناقلار== * {{cite book |last1=Baguenault de Puchesse|first1=G.|title=La politique de Philippe II dans les affaires de France 1555-1598|publisher=Revue des Questions historiques|year=1879}} * {{cite book |last1=Schmidt|first1=A. M.|title=La poésie scientifique en France au seizième siècle|year=1938}} * {{cite book |last1=Benedict|first1=P.|title=Tolerance and intolerance in the European reformation|year=1996}} * {{cite book |last1=Ruffin|first1=Jean-Christophe|title=Rouge Brésil|url=https://archive.org/details/rougebresilroman0000rufi|publisher=Gallimard|year=2001|location=Paris}} * {{cite book |last1=Lestringant|first1=Frank|title=Le Huguenot et le sauvage: l'Amérique et la controverse coloniale, en France, au temps des guerres de religion|publisher=Droz|year=2004|location=Geneva|edition=3|series=Titre courant|volume=27|origyear=1990|language=french|isbn=978-2-600-00527-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYBFdaj9ua4C&pg=PA3&dq=1555+en+France#v=onepage&q=1555%20en%20France&f=false|accessdate=28 January 2013}} 988z169eblfeijedg212r761bjc89ep 0 494292 1590649 1587959 2026-07-15T07:38:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lee Tomlin | image = Lee Tomlin 27-08-2016 1.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Tomlin playing for [[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] in 2016 | fullname = Lee Marc Tomlin<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2017-18.pdf |title=Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2018: Cardiff City |publisher=English Football League |format=PDF |page=12 |accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{دوغوم تاریخی ایله یاش|1989|1|12|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2006/07">{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2006–07 |year=2006 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-111-4 |page=406}}</ref> | birth_place = [[لستر]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref name="Hugman2006/07"/> | position = [[فوروارد]] / [[هافبک]] | currentclub = [[کاردیف سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاردیف سیتی]] | clubnumber = 17 | youthyears1 = 1996–2005 | youthclubs1 = [[لستر سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|لستر سیتی]] | youthyears2 = 2005 | youthclubs2 = [[Rushden & Diamonds F.C.|Rushden & Diamonds]] | years1 = 2005–2010 | clubs1 = [[Rushden & Diamonds F.C.|Rushden & Diamonds]] | caps1 = 156 | goals1 = 27 | years2 = 2007 | clubs2 = → [[Brackley Town F.C.|Brackley Town]] (loan) | caps2 = 2 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2010–2014 | clubs3 = [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] | caps3 = 135 | goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] | caps4 = 56 | goals4 = 11 | years5 = 2015–2016 | clubs5 = [[ای.اف.سی بورنموث فوتبال کولوبو|ای.اف.سی بورنموث]] | caps5 = 6 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = → [[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] (loan) | caps6 = 18 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2016–2017 | clubs7 = [[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] | caps7 = 38 | goals7 = 6 | years8 = 2017– | clubs8 = [[کاردیف سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاردیف سیتی]] | caps8 = 26 | goals8 = 5 | years9 = 2018 | clubs9 = → [[ناتینقهام فارست فوتبال کولوبو|ناتینقهام فارست]] (loan) | caps9 = 15 | goals9 = 4 | years10 = 2019 | clubs10 = → [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] (loan) | caps10 = 18 | goals10 = 2 | nationalyears1 = 2009 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football C team|England C]] | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 17:10, 14 December 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }} '''لی تاملین''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Lee Tomlin) اینگیلیسلی فوتبال اوْیونچوسو. [[اینگیلیس]] میلّی تیمی ترکیبینده چیخیش ائدیب و [[فوروارد]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" |+ اوْیونلاری و قوْلاری |- !rowspan=2|تیم !rowspan=2|فصل !colspan=3|لیگ !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !Division!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=6|[[Rushden & Diamonds F.C.|Rushden & Diamonds]] |[[2005–06 Football League Two|2005–06]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2005/2006">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2005|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League Two|League Two]] |21||0||3||0||0||0||2{{Efn|name=FLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||26||0 |- |[[2006–07 Football Conference#Conference National|2006–07]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2008 |year=2007 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location=Kingsbridge |isbn=978-1-869833-57-2 |pages=136–137}}</ref> |[[Conference National]] |25||4||3||1||colspan=2|—||2{{Efn|name=FAT|Appearances in [[FA Trophy]]}}||1||30||6 |- |[[2007–08 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2007–08]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596 |year=2008 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-59-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781869833596/page/124 124]–125}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |34||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||7{{Efn|Three appearances and three goals in [[2007–08 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]], four appearances in [[2007–08 Conference League Cup|Conference League Cup]]}}||3||42||4 |- |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2008–09]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2010">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/132 132]–133}}</ref> |Conference Premier |41||8||1||0||colspan=2|—||3{{Efn|name=FAT}}||0||45||8 |- |[[2009–10 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2009–10]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2011">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2010 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-68-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/136 136]–137}}</ref> |Conference Premier |35||14||3||1||colspan=2|—||4{{Efn|Two appearances in [[2009–10 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]], two in [[2009–10 Football Conference#Play-offs|Conference Premier play-offs]]}}||0||42||15 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !156!!27!!11!!2!!0!!0!!18!!4!!185!!33 |- |[[Brackley Town F.C.|Brackley Town]] (loan) |[[2007–08 Southern Football League#Premier Division|2007–08]]<ref name="Aylesbury">{{cite web |title=Player profiles: Lee Tomlin |url=http://www.aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk/players/lee-tomlin |publisher=Aylesbury United F.C. |accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> |[[Southern Football League|Southern League]] Premier Division |2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- |rowspan=5|[[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] |[[2010–11 Peterborough United F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2010/2011">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2010|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |[[EFL League One|League One]] |37||8||4||3||2||0||4{{Efn|One appearance in [[2010–11 Football League Trophy|Football League Trophy]], three in [[2011 Football League play-offs#League One|League One play-offs]]}}||0||47||11 |- |[[2011–12 Peterborough United F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2011/2012">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2011|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |37||8||1||0||2||1||colspan=2|—||40||9 |- |[[2012–13 Peterborough United F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2012/2013">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2012|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |Championship |42||11||0||0||2||2||colspan=2|—||44||13 |- |[[2013–14 Peterborough United F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2013/2014">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2013|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |League One |19||5||2||0||3||5||1{{Efn|name=FLT}}||0||25||10 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !135!!32!!7!!3!!9!!8!!5!!0!!156!!43 |- |rowspan=3|[[میدلزبورو فوتبال کولوبو|میدلزبورو]] |[[2013–14 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2013/2014"/> |Championship |14||4||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||14||4 |- |[[2014–15 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2014/2015">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2014|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |Championship |42||7||3||0||2||2||3{{Efn|Appearances in [[2015 Football League play-offs#Championship|Championship play-offs]]}}||1||50||10 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !56!!11!!3!!0!!2!!2!!3!!1!!64!!14 |- |[[ای.اف.سی بورنموث فوتبال کولوبو|ای.اف.سی بورنموث]] |[[2015–16 A.F.C. Bournemouth season|2015–16]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2015/2016">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2015|name=Lee Tomlin|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |6||0||1||1||3||0||colspan=2|—||10||1 |- |[[بریستول سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|بریستول سیتی]] (loan) |[[2015–16 Bristol City F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2015/2016"/> |Championship |18||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||18||6 |- |rowspan=2|Bristol City |[[2016–17 Bristol City F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2016/2017">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2016|name=Lee Tomlin|accessdate=1 February 2017}}</ref> |Championship |38||6||1||0||3||1||colspan=2|—||42||7 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !56!!12!!1!!0!!3!!1!!colspan=2|—!!60!!13 |- |[[کاردیف سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاردیف سیتی]] |[[2017–18 Cardiff City F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name="Games played by Lee Tomlin in 2017/2018">{{Soccerbase season|41944|2017|name=Lee Tomlin|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> |Championship |13||1||1||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||16||1 |- !colspan=3|Career توْپلام !424!!83!!24!!6!!19!!11!!26!!5!!493!!105 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Lee Tomlin | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] a7btwi5n7r7qr0gwl4zmatunkvjp72z 0 495029 1590647 1544121 2026-07-15T07:27:18Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Dean Kiely | image = Dean Kiely 24-05-2008 1.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Kiely with the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland national team]] in 2008 | fullname = Dean Laurence Kiely<ref name="Hugman2010/11">{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n236 235]}}</ref> | birth_date = {{دوغوم تاریخی ایله یاش|1970|10|10|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2010/11"/> | birth_place = [[سالفورد، منچستر بزرق]], England | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}<ref name="Hugman2010/11"/> | position = [[قولر]] | currentclub = [[کریستال پالاس فوتبال کولوبو|کریستال پالاس]] (goalkeeping coach) | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[وست برومویچ آلبیون فوتبال کولوبو|وست برومویچ آلبیون]] | youthyears2 = {{0|0000}}–1987 | youthclubs2 = [[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] | years1 = 1987–1990 | clubs1 = [[کاونتری سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|کاونتری سیتی]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[ایپسویچ تاون فوتبال کولوبو|ایپسویچ تاون]] (loan) | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 1990 | clubs3 = → [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] (loan) | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 1990–1996 | clubs4 = [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] | caps4 = 210 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1996–1999 | clubs5 = [[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] | caps5 = 137 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 1999–2006 | clubs6 = [[چارلتون اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|چارلتون اتلتیک]] | caps6 = 222 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2006–2007 | clubs7 = [[پورتسموث فوتبال کولوبو|پورتسموث]] | caps7 = 15 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2006–2007 | clubs8 = → [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] (loan) | caps8 = 11 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2007–2011 | clubs9 = [[وست برومویچ آلبیون فوتبال کولوبو|وست برومویچ آلبیون]] | caps9 = 69 | goals9 = 0 | totalcaps = 664 | totalgoals = 0 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = England U15 | nationalcaps1 = 13 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = | nationalteam2 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] | nationalcaps2 = 13 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 1988 | nationalteam3 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] | nationalcaps3 = 4 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 1999 | nationalteam4 = [[Republic of Ireland national football B team|Republic of Ireland B]] | nationalcaps4 = 1 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 1999–2008 | nationalteam5 = [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]] | nationalcaps5 = 11 | nationalgoals5 = 0 }} '''دین کیلی''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Dean Kiely) اینگیلیسلی فوتبال اوْیونچوسو و [[قوْلر]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" |+ اوْیونلاری و قوْلاری |- !rowspan=2|تیم !rowspan=2|فصل !colspan=3|لیگ !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !Division!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=7|[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] |[[1990–91 York City F.C. season|1990–91]]<ref name="The Complete Record 1990-91">{{cite book |first=David |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |year=2008 |publisher=Breedon Books |location=Derby |isbn=978-1-85983-633-0 |pages=376–377, 414–415 }}</ref> |[[Football League Fourth Division|Fourth Division]] |17||0||0||0||0||0||1{{Efn|name=AMC|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy|Associate Members' Cup]]}}||0||18||0 |- |[[1991–92 York City F.C. season|1991–92]]<ref name="The Complete Record 1991-92">{{cite book |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |pages=378–379, 414–415 }}</ref> |Fourth Division |21||0||0||0||0||0||1{{Efn|name=AMC}}||0||22||0 |- |[[1992–93 York City F.C. season|1992–93]]<ref name="The Complete Record 1992-93">{{cite book |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |pages=380–381, 414–415}}</ref> |[[Football League Third Division|Third Division]] |40||0||0||0||2||0||4{{Efn|One appearance in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]], three in [[EFL League Two play-offs|Third Division play-offs]]}}||0||46||0 |- |[[1993–94 York City F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref name="The Complete Record 1993-94">{{cite book |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |pages=382–383, 414–415}}</ref> |[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] |46||0||2||0||2||0||5{{Efn|Three appearances in Football League Trophy, two in [[EFL League One play-offs|Second Division play-offs]]}}||0||55||0 |- |[[1994–95 York City F.C. season|1994–95]]<ref name="The Complete Record 1994-95">{{cite book |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |pages=384–385, 416–417}}</ref> |Second Division |46||0||2||0||2||0||2{{Efn|name=FLT|Appearances in Football League Trophy}}||0||52||0 |- |[[1995–96 York City F.C. season|1995–96]]<ref name="The Complete Record 1995-96">{{cite book |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |pages=386–387, 416–417}}</ref> |Second Division |40||0||0||0||3||0||3{{Efn|name=FLT}}||0||46||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !210!!0!!4!!0!!9!!0!!16!!0!!239!!0 |- |rowspan=4|[[بری فوتبال کولوبو|بری]] |[[1996–97 Bury F.C. season|1996–97]]<ref name="Rothmans1997-98">{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Rothmans Football Yearbook 1997–98 |url=https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball0000unse |year=1997 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7472-7738-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball0000unse/page/102 102]–103, 577–582, 588–590, 597}}</ref> |Second Division |46||0||1||0||4||0||3{{Efn|name=FLT}}||0||54||0 |- |[[1997–98 Bury F.C. season|1997–98]]<ref name="Rothmans1998-99">{{cite book |editor1-first=Glenda |editor1-last=Rollin |editor2-first=Jack |editor2-last=Rollin |title=Rothmans Football Yearbook 1998–99 |url=https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball1998unse |year=1998 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-7472-7652-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rothmansfootball1998unse/page/104 104]–105, 579–584, 605}}</ref> |[[Football League First Division|First Division]] |46||0||2||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||52||0 |- |[[1998–99 Bury F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 1998/1999">{{Soccerbase season|4190|1998|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |First Division |45||0||1||0||5||0||colspan=2|—||51||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !137!!0!!4!!0!!13!!0!!3!!0!!157!!0 |- |rowspan=8|[[چارلتون اتلتیک فوتبال کولوبو|چارلتون اتلتیک]] |[[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 1999/2000">{{Soccerbase season|4190|1999|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |First Division |45||0||4||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||51||0 |- |[[2000–01 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2000/2001">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2000|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |25||0||2||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |[[2001–02 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2001/2002">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2001|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |38||0||2||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||43||0 |- |[[2002–03 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2002/2003">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2002|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |38||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||41||0 |- |[[2003–04 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2003/2004">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2003|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |37||0||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||40||0 |- |[[2004–05 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2004/2005">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2004|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |36||0||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||41||0 |- |[[2005–06 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2005/2006">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2005|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |3||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !222!!0!!14!!0!!12!!0!!colspan=2|—!!248!!0 |- |rowspan=3|[[پورتسموث فوتبال کولوبو|پورتسموث]] |[[2005–06 Portsmouth F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2005/2006"/> |Premier لیگ |15||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||16||0 |- |[[2006–07 Portsmouth F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2006/2007">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2006|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- !colspan="2"|توْپلام !15!!0!!1!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!17!!0 |- |[[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] (loan) |[[2006–07 Luton Town F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2006/2007"/> |[[چمپیونشیپ]] |11||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||11||0 |- |rowspan=6|[[وست برومویچ آلبیون فوتبال کولوبو|وست برومویچ آلبیون]] |[[2006–07 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2006/2007"/> |Championship |17||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||22||0 |- |[[2007–08 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2007/2008">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2007|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Championship |44||0||6||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||53||0 |- |[[2008–09 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2008/2009">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2008|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |3||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||4||0 |- |[[2009–10 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2009/2010">{{Soccerbase season|4190|2009|name=Dean Kiely|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> |Championship |5||0||0||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||8||0 |- |[[2010–11 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="Games played by Dean Kiely in 2010/2011">{{cite web |title=Games played by Dean Kiely in 2010/2011 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=4190&season_id=139 |work=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !69!!0!!8!!0!!7!!0!!3!!0!!87!!0 |- !colspan=3|Career توْپلام !664!!0!!31!!0!!42!!0!!22!!0!!759!!0 |} {{Notelist}} {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!ایل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=5|[[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]]<ref name="Kiely, Dean">{{NFT player|id=10378 |name=Kiely, Dean |accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> |1999||2||0 |- |2000||2||0 |- |2002||3||0 |- |2003||1||0 |- |2008||3||0 |- !colspan=2|Total!!11!!0 |} aaaaa== قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Dean Kiely | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 9835jqvu61ea73vq3qrio6d8riu1z0m 0 499006 1590620 1551858 2026-07-15T06:31:08Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Stuart Elliott | image = Stuart Elliott 26-12-2007 1.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Elliott playing for [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] in 2007 | fullname = Stuart Thomas Elliott<ref name=Hugman0203>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2002/2003 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse |year=2002 |publisher=Queen Anne Press |location=Harpenden |isbn=978-1-85291-648-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse/page/129 129]–130}}</ref> | birth_date = {{دوغوم تاریخی ایله یاش|1977|8|27|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman0203/> | birth_place = [[هندون]], England | height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}}<ref name=Hugman0203/> | position = [[مودافع]] / [[هافبک]] | currentclub = [[Newcastle Benfield F.C.|Newcastle Benfield]] (manager) | youthyears1 = 1993–1995 | youthclubs1 = [[آرسنال فوتبال کولوبو|آرسنال]] | youthyears2 = 1995–1996 | youthclubs2 = [[نیوکاسل یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد]] | years1 = 1996–2000 | clubs1 = [[نیوکاسل یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1997 | clubs2 = → [[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] (loan) | caps2 = 3 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 1998 | clubs3 = → [[سوئیندون تاون فوتبال کولوبو|سوئیندون تاون]] (loan) | caps3 = 2 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[قیلینقام فوتبال کولوبو|قیلینقام]] (loan) | caps4 = 5 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1999 | clubs5 = → [[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] (loan) | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 1999 | clubs6 = → [[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] (loan) | caps6 = 9 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 1999–2000 | clubs7 = → [[ای.اف.سی بورنموث فوتبال کولوبو|ای.اف.سی بورنموث]] (loan) | caps7 = 8 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2000 | clubs8 = → [[ایستوک‌پورت کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|ایستوک‌پورت کانتی]] (loan) | caps8 = 5 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2000–2001 | clubs9 = [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 0 | years10 = 2001 | clubs10 = [[Plymouth Argyle F.C.|Plymouth Argyle]] | caps10 = 12 | goals10 = 0 | years11 = 2001 | clubs11 = [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 0 | years12 = 2001 | clubs12 = [[Durham City A.F.C.|Durham City]] | caps12 = | goals12 = | years13 = 2001–2002 | clubs13 = [[Scarborough F.C.|Scarborough]] | caps13 = 8 | goals13 = 1 | years14 = 2002 | clubs14 = [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] | caps14 = 1 | goals14 = 0 | years15 = 2002 | clubs15 = [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.|Merthyr Tydfil]] | caps15 = 0 | goals15 = 0 | years16 = 2002–2003 | clubs16 = [[Halifax Town A.F.C.|Halifax Town]] | caps16 = 12 | goals16 = 0 | years17 = 2003 | clubs17 = [[Harrogate Town A.F.C.|Harrogate Town]] | caps17 = 8 | goals17 = 0 | years18 = 2003–2004 | clubs18 = [[Harrow Borough F.C.|Harrow Borough]] | caps18 = 14 | goals18 = 1 | years19 = 2004–2005 | clubs19 = [[Waltham Forest F.C.|Waltham Forest]] | caps19 = | goals19 = | years20 = 2005 | clubs20 = [[Gateshead F.C.|Gateshead]] | caps20 = 5 | goals20 = 1 | years21 = 2005–2007 | clubs21 = [[Northwich Victoria F.C.|Northwich Victoria]] | caps21 = 64 | goals21 = 4 | years22 = 2007–2008 | clubs22 = [[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] | caps22 = 36 | goals22 = 3 | years23 = 2008–2009 | clubs23 = [[Grays Athletic F.C.|Grays Athletic]] | caps23 = 26 | goals23 = 1 | years24 = 2009 | clubs24 = [[Durham City A.F.C.|Durham City]] | caps24 = | goals24 = | years25 = 2009–2013 | clubs25 = [[Bedlington Terriers F.C.|Bedlington Terriers]] | caps25 = | goals25 = | years26 = 2013–2014 | clubs26 = [[Newcastle Benfield F.C.|Newcastle Benfield]] | caps26 = | goals26 = | years27 = 2014– | clubs27 = [[Ashington A.F.C.|Ashington]] | caps27 = | goals27 = | manageryears1 = 2019– | managerclubs1 = [[Newcastle Benfield F.C.|Newcastle Benfield]] }}'''استوارت الیوت''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Stuart Elliott (footballer, born 1977)) کئچمیشده بیر اینگیلیسلی فوتبال اوْیونچوسو و ایندیلیکده بیر مشقچی اوْلاراق چالیشیر و [[هافبک]] موقعیتینده اوْیناییب. ==اوْیونلاری== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ اوْیونلاری و قوْلاری |- !rowspan=2|تیم !rowspan=2|فصل !colspan=3|لیگ !colspan=2|[[FA Cup]] !colspan=2|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|توْپلام |- !Division!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل!!اوْیون!!قوْل |- |rowspan=5|[[نیوکاسل یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|نیوکاسل یونایتد]] |[[1996–97 Newcastle United F.C. season|1996–97]]<ref name=sb9697>{{Soccerbase season|9912|1996|accessdate=30 November 2016}}</ref> |[[اینگیلیس پرمیر لیگ]] |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[1997–98 Newcastle United F.C. season|1997–98]]<ref name=sb9798>{{Soccerbase season|9912|1997|accessdate=30 November 2016}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[1998–99 Newcastle United F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref name=sb9899>{{Soccerbase season|9912|1998|accessdate=30 November 2016}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |0||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||0||0 |- |[[1999–2000 Newcastle United F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref name=sb9900>{{Soccerbase season|9912|1999|accessdate=30 November 2016}}</ref> |Premier لیگ |0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[هال سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|هال سیتی]] (loan) |[[1996–97 Hull City A.F.C. season|1996–97]]<ref name=sb9697/> |[[Football League Third Division|Third Division]] |3||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3||0 |- |[[سوئیندون تاون فوتبال کولوبو|سوئیندون تاون]] (loan) |[[1997–98 Swindon Town F.C. season|1997–98]]<ref name=sb9798/> |[[Football League First Division|First Division]] |2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- |[[قیلینقام فوتبال کولوبو|قیلینقام]] (loan) |[[1998–99 Gillingham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref name=sb9899/> |[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] |5||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[هارتل پول یونایتد فوتبال کولوبو|هارتل پول یونایتد]] (loan) |[[1998–99 Hartlepool United F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref name=sb9899/> |Third Division |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[رکسهام فوتبال کولوبو|رکسهام]] (loan) |[[1998–99 Wrexham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref name=sb9899/> |Second Division |9||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{Efn|name=FLT|Appearance(s) in [[Football League Trophy]]}}||0||10||0 |- |[[ای.اف.سی بورنموث فوتبال کولوبو|ای.اف.سی بورنموث]] (loan) |[[1999–2000 A.F.C. Bournemouth season|1999–2000]]<ref name=sb9900/> |Second Division |8||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0||8||0 |- |[[ایستوک‌پورت کانتی فوتبال کولوبو|ایستوک‌پورت کانتی]] (loan) |[[1999–2000 Stockport County F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref name=sb9900/> |First Division |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |[[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]] |[[2000–01 Darlington F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref name=sb0001/> |Third Division |24||0||2||0||4||3||3{{Efn|name=FLT}}||1||33||4 |- |[[Plymouth Argyle F.C.|Plymouth Argyle]] |[[2000–01 Plymouth Argyle F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref name=sb0001>{{Soccerbase season|9912|2000|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref> |Third Division |12||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||12||0 |- |[[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]] |[[2001–02 Carlisle United F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102/> |Third Division |6||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||7||0 |- |[[Scarborough F.C.|Scarborough]] |[[2001–02 Football Conference|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102/> |[[Football Conference]] |8||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||1{{Efn|name=FLT}}||0||10||1 |- |[[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] |[[2001–02 Exeter City F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref name=sb0102>{{Soccerbase season|9912|2001|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref> |Third Division |1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0 |- |[[Halifax Town A.F.C.|Halifax Town]] |[[2002–03 Football Conference|2002–03]]<ref name=sb0203>{{Soccerbase season|9912|2002|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref> |Football Conference |12||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||12||0 |- |[[Harrogate Town A.F.C.|Harrogate Town]] |[[2002–03 Northern Premier League#Premier Division|2002–03]]<ref name="Player Details: فصل 2002-2003">{{cite web |title=Player details: فصل 2002–2003: Stuart Elliott |url=http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2002/player_details.php?playerid=2301 |website=SoccerFactsUK |accessdate=30 November 2016 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182654/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2002/player_details.php?playerid=2301 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2016-03-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182654/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2002/player_details.php?playerid=2301 }}</ref> |[[Northern Premier League]]<br />Premier Division |8||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||8||0 |- |[[Harrow Borough F.C.|Harrow Borough]] |[[2003–04 Isthmian League#Premier Division|2003–04]]<ref name="2003-04">{{cite web |title=Player details: فصل 2003–2004: Stuart Elliott |url=http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2003/player_details.php?playerid=2301 |website=SoccerFactsUK |accessdate=30 November 2016 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929032858/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2003/player_details.php?playerid=2301 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2011-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929032858/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2003/player_details.php?playerid=2301 }}</ref> |[[Isthmian League]] Premier Division |14||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||15||1 |- |[[Gateshead F.C.|Gateshead]] |[[2004–05 Gateshead F.C. season|2004–05]]<ref name="Gateshead F.C. فصل 2004/05">{{cite web |title=Gateshead F.C. فصل 2004/05 |url=http://www.freewebs.com/gfcstats/0405.htm |website=Unofficial Gateshead Football Club Statistics Database |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213014758/http://www.freewebs.com/gfcstats/0405.htm |archive-date=13 December 2014 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-01-10 |archivedate=2014-12-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213014758/http://www.freewebs.com/gfcstats/0405.htm }}</ref> |Northern Premier League<br />Premier Division |5||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||1 |- |rowspan=3|[[Northwich Victoria F.C.|Northwich Victoria]] |[[2005–06 Football Conference#Conference North|2005–06]]<ref name="2005-06">{{cite web |title=Player details: فصل 2005–2006: Stuart Elliott |url=http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=10055 |website=SoccerFactsUK |accessdate=30 November 2016 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929032907/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=10055 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2011-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929032907/http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=10055 }}</ref> |[[Conference North]] |38||3||5||0||colspan=2|—||3{{Efn|name=FAT|Appearances in [[FA Trophy]]}}||0||46||3 |- |[[2006–07 Football Conference#Conference National|2006–07]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 124-125">{{cite book |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=Tony |editor2-last=Williams |title=Non-League Club Directory 2008 |year=2007 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location=Kinsbridge |isbn=978-1-869833-57-2 |pages=124–125}}</ref> |[[Conference National]] |26||1||2||0||colspan=2|—||4{{Efn|name=FAT}}||0||32||1 |- !colspan=2|توْپلام !64||4||7||0||colspan=2|—||7||0||78||4 |- |[[یورک سیتی فوتبال کولوبو|یورک سیتی]] |[[2007–08 York City F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="The Complete Record 2007-08">{{cite book |first=David |last=Batters |title=York City: The Complete Record |year=2008 |publisher=Breedon Books |location=Derby |isbn=978-1-85983-633-0 |pages=410–411, 420–421}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |36||3||2||0||colspan=2|—||8{{Efn|Six appearances in FA Trophy, two in [[Conference League Cup]]}}||0||46||3 |- |[[Grays Athletic F.C.|Grays Athletic]] |[[2008–09 Football Conference#Conference Premier|2008–09]]<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2010 86-87">{{cite book |editor1-first=Tony |editor1-last=Williams |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Wright |title=Non-League Club Directory 2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8 |year=2009 |publisher=Tony Williams Publications |location= |isbn=978-1-869833-66-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonleagueclubdir0000tony_f3x8/page/86 86]–87}}</ref> |Conference Premier |26||1||2||1||colspan=2|—||1{{Efn|Appearance in Conference League Cup}}||0||29||2 |- !colspan=3|Career توْپلام !253||11||15||1||5||3||21||1||294||16 |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Stuart Elliott (footballer, born 1977) | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{فوتبالیست-قارالاما}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فوتبال اویونچولاری]] 9p0dn199bli8zhgae9gso15c0mmjcxk 0 499593 1590594 1590416 2026-07-14T16:28:09Z Hamed Farshad 1363 51935 /* بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری */ 1590594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = [[File:Ərdəbil Bələdiyyəsi logo.png|center|240px]] | image_size = 170px | alt = | caption = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین سیمگه‌سی | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = ۱ مهر ۱۳۰۳ | founder = | founding_location = | extinction = | merger = | type = | tax_id = | status = | purpose = | headquarters = اردبیل، شاه‌باغی، مدرس خیابانی، ۳۰ تیر کوچه‌سی | location = | coords = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | region = اردبیل شهرینین ۵ بؤلومی | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = ۳۰۰۰ نفر | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = [[بلدیه باشچی‌سی]] | leader_name = [[محمود صفری]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = [http://www.ardabilcity.ir// اردبیل بلدیه‌سی] | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }} [[فایل:Ərdabil Bələdiyyəsi.jpg|بندانگشتی|سول|اردبیل ‌بلدیه‌سی نین اسکی تیکینتی سی]] '''اردبیل بلدیه‌سی'''، ۱۳۰۳ گونش هیجری ایل ده [[اردبیل]] ده قورولان بیر بلدیه دیر. بو بلدیه [[آذربایجان]]ین قدیم بلدیه لرینن دیر. '''میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب‌زاده''' ایلک (بیرینجی) اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین باشقانی اولدو. ایندی بو بلدیه‌نین باشقانی '''[[محمود صفری]]''' دیر. == بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری == {| class="wikitable" |- ! # !! بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری !! ایلک ایل !! سون ایل !! توضیح |- | ۱ || میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب زاده || ۱۳۰۳ || ۱۳۰۴ || |- | ۲ || آقاخان حبیبی[[File:آقاخان حبيبي.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۰۴ || ۱۳۱۴ || |- | ۳ || مافی || ۱۳۱۴ || ۱۳۱۸ || |- | ۴ || خدابنده لو || ۱۳۱۸ || ۱۳۲۲ || |- | ۵ || وزیری || ۱۳۲۲ || ۱۳۲۶ || |- | ۶ || معین الدین طیار || ۱۳۲۶ || ۱۳۳۱ || |- | ۷ || بابا صفری [[File:بابا صفری.jpg|thumb|بابا صفری]] || ۱۳۳۱ || ۱۳۳۲ || |- | ۸ || نجم الدین تهامی || ۱۳۳۲ || ۱۳۳۴ || |- | ۹ || موسی پناهی || ۱۳۳۴ || ۱۳۳۵ || |- | ۱۰ || هاشم وکیلی || ۱۳۳۵ || ۱۳۳۶ || |- | ۱۱ || سیف الله مستشاری || ۱۳۳۶ || ۱۳۳۸ || |- | ۱۲ || اسماعیل دیباج || ۱۳۳۸ || ۱۳۴۰ || |- | ۱۳ || سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین [[File:سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین دهمین شهردار اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۰ || ۱۳۴۱ || |- | ۱۴ || محمد ارفعی || ۱۳۴۱ || ۱۳۴۲ || |- | ۱۵ || پرویز اتابکی || ۱۳۴۲ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۶ || خسرو محتشمی || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۷ || محمد هادی نجات پور || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۵ || |- | ۱۸ || علی اوستا [[File:علی اوستا شهردار سابق اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۵ || ۱۳۴۷ || |- | ۱۹ || احمد نایبی [[File:دکتر احمد نایبی.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۷ || ۱۳۵۰ || |- | ۲۰ || غلامعلی اسدپور || ۱۳۵۰ || ۱۳۵۱ || |- | ۲۱ || مصطفی لطفی || ۱۳۵۱ || ۱۳۵۲ || |- | ۲۲ || علیرضا ضیغمی || ۱۳۵۲ || ۱۳۵۴ || |- | ۲۲ || کریم شاهعلی زاده [[File:کریم شاهعلی‌زاده بیست‌ودومین شهردار اردبیل از اردیبهشت ۱۳۵۴ تا مرداد ۱۳۵۶ 02.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۵۴ || ۱۳۵۶ || |- | ۲۳ || علی داداش زاده خیاط || ۱۳۵۶ || ۱۳۵۷ || |- | ۲۴ || پرویز خادم پور || ۱۳۵۷ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۵ || میر محی الدین ربانی || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۶ || ابراهیم خلیل مفتاح پور || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۹ || |- | ۲۷ || اصغر علایی || ۱۳۵۹ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۸ || مهدی نبی زاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۹ || لطیف ذاکرزاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۴ || |- | ۳۰ || نورالدین استحمامی || ۱۳۶۴ || ۱۳۶۶ || |- | — || حمدالله بهرامی نژاد || ۱۳۶۶ || ۱۳۶۷ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۱ || ابوالفضل صومعلو || ۱۳۶۷ || ۱۳۷۱ || |- | ۳۲ || کمال الدین پیرموذن [[File:Kamaladdin Pirmoazzen.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۷۱ || ۱۳۷۷ || |- | ۳۳ || ولی آذرروش || ۱۳۷۷ || ۱۳۷۸ || |- | — || عباس شیخ علیزاده || ۱۳۷۸ || ۱۳۷۹ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۴ || حسین افسانه || ۱۳۷۹ || ۱۳۸۳ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۳ || نظارتچی |- |- | (۳۲) || کمال الدین پیرموذن || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۴ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۵ || یعقوب عزیززاده || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۶ || |- | ۳۶ || اکبر نیکزاد || ۱۳۸۶ || ۱۳۸۹ || |- | — || احمد خواجوی || ۱۳۸۹ || ۱۳۹۰ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۷ || [[صدیف بدری]] [[File:صدیف بدری.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۹۰ || ۱۳۹۴ || |- | — || [[خلیل احمدیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۸ || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۶ || |- | — || [[قدرت سیفی]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۳۹۶ || نظارتچی |- | (۳۸) || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۴۰۰ || |- | ۳۹ || [[محمود صفری]] || ۱۴۰۰ || گۆنوموز || |} == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین بؤلوم‌لری == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی ، ۵ بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی ایله بؤلونور. # اردبیل بیرینجی بؤلوم بلديه‌سی #اردبیل ایکینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل اوچونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل دؤردونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل بئشینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی == قایناقلار == *اردبیل بلدیه‌سی پورتالی([https://ardabilcity.ir/بلدیه سایتی]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) ng7x2mhz69x22wecp1reskhqs6uhpn6 1590600 1590594 2026-07-14T21:03:18Z Hamed Farshad 1363 51935 /* بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری */ 1590600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = [[File:Ərdəbil Bələdiyyəsi logo.png|center|240px]] | image_size = 170px | alt = | caption = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین سیمگه‌سی | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = ۱ مهر ۱۳۰۳ | founder = | founding_location = | extinction = | merger = | type = | tax_id = | status = | purpose = | headquarters = اردبیل، شاه‌باغی، مدرس خیابانی، ۳۰ تیر کوچه‌سی | location = | coords = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | region = اردبیل شهرینین ۵ بؤلومی | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = ۳۰۰۰ نفر | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = [[بلدیه باشچی‌سی]] | leader_name = [[محمود صفری]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = [http://www.ardabilcity.ir// اردبیل بلدیه‌سی] | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }} [[فایل:Ərdabil Bələdiyyəsi.jpg|بندانگشتی|سول|اردبیل ‌بلدیه‌سی نین اسکی تیکینتی سی]] '''اردبیل بلدیه‌سی'''، ۱۳۰۳ گونش هیجری ایل ده [[اردبیل]] ده قورولان بیر بلدیه دیر. بو بلدیه [[آذربایجان]]ین قدیم بلدیه لرینن دیر. '''میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب‌زاده''' ایلک (بیرینجی) اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین باشقانی اولدو. ایندی بو بلدیه‌نین باشقانی '''[[محمود صفری]]''' دیر. == بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری == {| class="wikitable" |- ! # !! بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری !! ایلک ایل !! سون ایل !! توضیح |- | ۱ || میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب زاده || ۱۳۰۳ || ۱۳۰۴ || |- | ۲ || آقاخان حبیبی[[File:آقاخان حبيبي.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۰۴ || ۱۳۱۴ || |- | ۳ || مافی || ۱۳۱۴ || ۱۳۱۸ || |- | ۴ || خدابنده لو || ۱۳۱۸ || ۱۳۲۲ || |- | ۵ || وزیری || ۱۳۲۲ || ۱۳۲۶ || |- | ۶ || معین الدین طیار || ۱۳۲۶ || ۱۳۳۱ || |- | ۷ || بابا صفری [[File:بابا صفری.jpg|thumb|بابا صفری]] || ۱۳۳۱ || ۱۳۳۲ || |- | ۸ || نجم الدین تهامی || ۱۳۳۲ || ۱۳۳۴ || |- | ۹ || موسی پناهی || ۱۳۳۴ || ۱۳۳۵ || |- | ۱۰ || هاشم وکیلی || ۱۳۳۵ || ۱۳۳۶ || |- | ۱۱ || سیف الله مستشاری || ۱۳۳۶ || ۱۳۳۸ || |- | ۱۲ || اسماعیل دیباج || ۱۳۳۸ || ۱۳۴۰ || |- | ۱۳ || سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین [[File:سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین دهمین شهردار اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۰ || ۱۳۴۱ || |- | ۱۴ || محمد ارفعی [[File:محمد ارفعی سیزدهمین شهردار اردبیل از سال ۱۳۴۱ لغایت ۱۳۴۲.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۱ || ۱۳۴۲ || |- | ۱۵ || پرویز اتابکی || ۱۳۴۲ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۶ || خسرو محتشمی || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۷ || محمد هادی نجات پور || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۵ || |- | ۱۸ || علی اوستا [[File:علی اوستا شهردار سابق اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۵ || ۱۳۴۷ || |- | ۱۹ || احمد نایبی [[File:دکتر احمد نایبی.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۷ || ۱۳۵۰ || |- | ۲۰ || غلامعلی اسدپور || ۱۳۵۰ || ۱۳۵۱ || |- | ۲۱ || مصطفی لطفی || ۱۳۵۱ || ۱۳۵۲ || |- | ۲۲ || علیرضا ضیغمی || ۱۳۵۲ || ۱۳۵۴ || |- | ۲۲ || کریم شاهعلی زاده [[File:کریم شاهعلی‌زاده بیست‌ودومین شهردار اردبیل از اردیبهشت ۱۳۵۴ تا مرداد ۱۳۵۶ 02.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۵۴ || ۱۳۵۶ || |- | ۲۳ || علی داداش زاده خیاط || ۱۳۵۶ || ۱۳۵۷ || |- | ۲۴ || پرویز خادم پور || ۱۳۵۷ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۵ || میر محی الدین ربانی || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۶ || ابراهیم خلیل مفتاح پور || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۹ || |- | ۲۷ || اصغر علایی || ۱۳۵۹ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۸ || مهدی نبی زاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۹ || لطیف ذاکرزاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۴ || |- | ۳۰ || نورالدین استحمامی || ۱۳۶۴ || ۱۳۶۶ || |- | — || حمدالله بهرامی نژاد || ۱۳۶۶ || ۱۳۶۷ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۱ || ابوالفضل صومعلو || ۱۳۶۷ || ۱۳۷۱ || |- | ۳۲ || کمال الدین پیرموذن [[File:Kamaladdin Pirmoazzen.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۷۱ || ۱۳۷۷ || |- | ۳۳ || ولی آذرروش || ۱۳۷۷ || ۱۳۷۸ || |- | — || عباس شیخ علیزاده || ۱۳۷۸ || ۱۳۷۹ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۴ || حسین افسانه || ۱۳۷۹ || ۱۳۸۳ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۳ || نظارتچی |- |- | (۳۲) || کمال الدین پیرموذن || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۴ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۵ || یعقوب عزیززاده || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۶ || |- | ۳۶ || اکبر نیکزاد || ۱۳۸۶ || ۱۳۸۹ || |- | — || احمد خواجوی || ۱۳۸۹ || ۱۳۹۰ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۷ || [[صدیف بدری]] [[File:صدیف بدری.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۹۰ || ۱۳۹۴ || |- | — || [[خلیل احمدیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۸ || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۶ || |- | — || [[قدرت سیفی]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۳۹۶ || نظارتچی |- | (۳۸) || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۴۰۰ || |- | ۳۹ || [[محمود صفری]] || ۱۴۰۰ || گۆنوموز || |} == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین بؤلوم‌لری == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی ، ۵ بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی ایله بؤلونور. # اردبیل بیرینجی بؤلوم بلديه‌سی #اردبیل ایکینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل اوچونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل دؤردونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل بئشینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی == قایناقلار == *اردبیل بلدیه‌سی پورتالی([https://ardabilcity.ir/بلدیه سایتی]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) eey7ezand0infc0v6kbp2rw1n59u7pp 1590601 1590600 2026-07-14T21:25:00Z Hamed Farshad 1363 51935 /* بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری */ 1590601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = [[File:Ərdəbil Bələdiyyəsi logo.png|center|240px]] | image_size = 170px | alt = | caption = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین سیمگه‌سی | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = ۱ مهر ۱۳۰۳ | founder = | founding_location = | extinction = | merger = | type = | tax_id = | status = | purpose = | headquarters = اردبیل، شاه‌باغی، مدرس خیابانی، ۳۰ تیر کوچه‌سی | location = | coords = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | region = اردبیل شهرینین ۵ بؤلومی | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = ۳۰۰۰ نفر | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = [[بلدیه باشچی‌سی]] | leader_name = [[محمود صفری]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = [http://www.ardabilcity.ir// اردبیل بلدیه‌سی] | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }} [[فایل:Ərdabil Bələdiyyəsi.jpg|بندانگشتی|سول|اردبیل ‌بلدیه‌سی نین اسکی تیکینتی سی]] '''اردبیل بلدیه‌سی'''، ۱۳۰۳ گونش هیجری ایل ده [[اردبیل]] ده قورولان بیر بلدیه دیر. بو بلدیه [[آذربایجان]]ین قدیم بلدیه لرینن دیر. '''میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب‌زاده''' ایلک (بیرینجی) اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین باشقانی اولدو. ایندی بو بلدیه‌نین باشقانی '''[[محمود صفری]]''' دیر. == بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری == {| class="wikitable" |- ! # !! بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری !! ایلک ایل !! سون ایل !! توضیح |- | ۱ || میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب زاده || ۱۳۰۳ || ۱۳۰۴ || |- | ۲ || آقاخان حبیبی[[File:آقاخان حبيبي.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۰۴ || ۱۳۱۴ || |- | ۳ || مافی || ۱۳۱۴ || ۱۳۱۸ || |- | ۴ || خدابنده لو || ۱۳۱۸ || ۱۳۲۲ || |- | ۵ || وزیری || ۱۳۲۲ || ۱۳۲۶ || |- | ۶ || معین الدین طیار || ۱۳۲۶ || ۱۳۳۱ || |- | ۷ || بابا صفری [[File:بابا صفری.jpg|thumb|بابا صفری]] || ۱۳۳۱ || ۱۳۳۲ || |- | ۸ || نجم الدین تهامی || ۱۳۳۲ || ۱۳۳۴ || |- | ۹ || موسی پناهی || ۱۳۳۴ || ۱۳۳۵ || |- | ۱۰ || هاشم وکیلی || ۱۳۳۵ || ۱۳۳۶ || |- | ۱۱ || سیف الله مستشاری || ۱۳۳۶ || ۱۳۳۸ || |- | ۱۲ || اسماعیل دیباج || ۱۳۳۸ || ۱۳۴۰ || |- | ۱۳ || سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین [[File:سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین دهمین شهردار اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۰ || ۱۳۴۱ || |- | ۱۴ || محمد ارفعی [[File:محمد ارفعی سیزدهمین شهردار اردبیل از سال ۱۳۴۱ لغایت ۱۳۴۲.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۱ || ۱۳۴۲ || |- | ۱۵ || پرویز اتابکی || ۱۳۴۲ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۶ || خسرو محتشمی || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۷ || محمد هادی نجات پور || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۵ || |- | ۱۸ || علی اوستا [[File:علی اوستا شهردار سابق اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۵ || ۱۳۴۷ || |- | ۱۹ || احمد نایبی [[File:دکتر احمد نایبی.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۷ || ۱۳۵۰ || |- | ۲۰ || غلامعلی اسدپور || ۱۳۵۰ || ۱۳۵۱ || |- | ۲۱ || مصطفی لطفی || ۱۳۵۱ || ۱۳۵۲ || |- | ۲۲ || علیرضا ضیغمی || ۱۳۵۲ || ۱۳۵۴ || |- | ۲۲ || کریم شاهعلی زاده [[File:کریم شاهعلی‌زاده بیست‌ودومین شهردار اردبیل از اردیبهشت ۱۳۵۴ تا مرداد ۱۳۵۶ 02.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۵۴ || ۱۳۵۶ || |- | ۲۳ || علی داداش زاده خیاط || ۱۳۵۶ || ۱۳۵۷ || |- | ۲۴ || پرویز خادم پور || ۱۳۵۷ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۵ || میر محی الدین ربانی || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۶ || ابراهیم خلیل مفتاح پور || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۹ || |- | ۲۷ || اصغر علایی || ۱۳۵۹ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۸ || مهدی نبی زاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۹ || لطیف ذاکرزاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۴ || |- | ۳۰ || نورالدین استحمامی [[File:نورالدین استحمامی شهردار اردبیل از تیرماه ۱۳۶۴ لغایت بهمن ماه ۱۳۶۶.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۶۴ || ۱۳۶۶ || |- | — || حمدالله بهرامی نژاد || ۱۳۶۶ || ۱۳۶۷ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۱ || ابوالفضل صومعلو || ۱۳۶۷ || ۱۳۷۱ || |- | ۳۲ || کمال الدین پیرموذن [[File:Kamaladdin Pirmoazzen.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۷۱ || ۱۳۷۷ || |- | ۳۳ || ولی آذرروش || ۱۳۷۷ || ۱۳۷۸ || |- | — || عباس شیخ علیزاده || ۱۳۷۸ || ۱۳۷۹ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۴ || حسین افسانه || ۱۳۷۹ || ۱۳۸۳ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۳ || نظارتچی |- |- | (۳۲) || کمال الدین پیرموذن || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۴ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۵ || یعقوب عزیززاده || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۶ || |- | ۳۶ || اکبر نیکزاد || ۱۳۸۶ || ۱۳۸۹ || |- | — || احمد خواجوی || ۱۳۸۹ || ۱۳۹۰ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۷ || [[صدیف بدری]] [[File:صدیف بدری.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۹۰ || ۱۳۹۴ || |- | — || [[خلیل احمدیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۸ || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۶ || |- | — || [[قدرت سیفی]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۳۹۶ || نظارتچی |- | (۳۸) || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۴۰۰ || |- | ۳۹ || [[محمود صفری]] || ۱۴۰۰ || گۆنوموز || |} == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین بؤلوم‌لری == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی ، ۵ بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی ایله بؤلونور. # اردبیل بیرینجی بؤلوم بلديه‌سی #اردبیل ایکینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل اوچونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل دؤردونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل بئشینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی == قایناقلار == *اردبیل بلدیه‌سی پورتالی([https://ardabilcity.ir/بلدیه سایتی]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) 5ow8na5evara8ln54r2dobfex2qtlnx 1590602 1590601 2026-07-14T23:15:15Z Hamed Farshad 1363 51935 /* بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری */ 1590602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = [[File:Ərdəbil Bələdiyyəsi logo.png|center|240px]] | image_size = 170px | alt = | caption = اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین سیمگه‌سی | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = ۱ مهر ۱۳۰۳ | founder = | founding_location = | extinction = | merger = | type = | tax_id = | status = | purpose = | headquarters = اردبیل، شاه‌باغی، مدرس خیابانی، ۳۰ تیر کوچه‌سی | location = | coords = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | region = اردبیل شهرینین ۵ بؤلومی | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = ۳۰۰۰ نفر | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = [[بلدیه باشچی‌سی]] | leader_name = [[محمود صفری]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = [http://www.ardabilcity.ir// اردبیل بلدیه‌سی] | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }} [[فایل:Ərdabil Bələdiyyəsi.jpg|بندانگشتی|سول|اردبیل ‌بلدیه‌سی نین اسکی تیکینتی سی]] '''اردبیل بلدیه‌سی'''، ۱۳۰۳ گونش هیجری ایل ده [[اردبیل]] ده قورولان بیر بلدیه دیر. بو بلدیه [[آذربایجان]]ین قدیم بلدیه لرینن دیر. '''میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب‌زاده''' ایلک (بیرینجی) اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین باشقانی اولدو. ایندی بو بلدیه‌نین باشقانی '''[[محمود صفری]]''' دیر. == بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری == {| class="wikitable" |- ! # !! بلدیه باشچی‌ لاری !! ایلک ایل !! سون ایل !! توضیح |- | ۱ || میرزا بیوک آقا وهاب زاده || ۱۳۰۳ || ۱۳۰۴ || |- | ۲ || آقاخان حبیبی[[File:آقاخان حبيبي.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۰۴ || ۱۳۱۴ || |- | ۳ || مافی || ۱۳۱۴ || ۱۳۱۸ || |- | ۴ || خدابنده لو || ۱۳۱۸ || ۱۳۲۲ || |- | ۵ || وزیری || ۱۳۲۲ || ۱۳۲۶ || |- | ۶ || معین الدین طیار || ۱۳۲۶ || ۱۳۳۱ || |- | ۷ || بابا صفری [[File:بابا صفری.jpg|thumb|بابا صفری]] || ۱۳۳۱ || ۱۳۳۲ || |- | ۸ || نجم الدین تهامی || ۱۳۳۲ || ۱۳۳۴ || |- | ۹ || موسی پناهی || ۱۳۳۴ || ۱۳۳۵ || |- | ۱۰ || هاشم وکیلی || ۱۳۳۵ || ۱۳۳۶ || |- | ۱۱ || سیف الله مستشاری || ۱۳۳۶ || ۱۳۳۸ || |- | ۱۲ || اسماعیل دیباج || ۱۳۳۸ || ۱۳۴۰ || |- | ۱۳ || سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین [[File:سید نجفقلی اقبالی نمین دهمین شهردار اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۰ || ۱۳۴۱ || |- | ۱۴ || محمد ارفعی [[File:محمد ارفعی سیزدهمین شهردار اردبیل از سال ۱۳۴۱ لغایت ۱۳۴۲.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۱ || ۱۳۴۲ || |- | ۱۵ || پرویز اتابکی || ۱۳۴۲ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۶ || خسرو محتشمی || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۳ || |- | ۱۷ || محمد هادی نجات پور || ۱۳۴۳ || ۱۳۴۵ || |- | ۱۸ || علی اوستا [[File:علی اوستا شهردار سابق اردبیل.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۵ || ۱۳۴۷ || |- | ۱۹ || احمد نایبی [[File:دکتر احمد نایبی.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۴۷ || ۱۳۵۰ || |- | ۲۰ || غلامعلی اسدپور || ۱۳۵۰ || ۱۳۵۱ || |- | ۲۱ || مصطفی لطفی || ۱۳۵۱ || ۱۳۵۲ || |- | ۲۲ || علیرضا ضیغمی || ۱۳۵۲ || ۱۳۵۴ || |- | ۲۲ || کریم شاهعلی زاده [[File:کریم شاهعلی‌زاده بیست‌ودومین شهردار اردبیل از اردیبهشت ۱۳۵۴ تا مرداد ۱۳۵۶ 02.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۵۴ || ۱۳۵۶ || |- | ۲۳ || علی داداش زاده خیاط || ۱۳۵۶ || ۱۳۵۷ || |- | ۲۴ || پرویز خادم پور || ۱۳۵۷ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۵ || میر محی الدین ربانی || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۸ || |- | ۲۶ || ابراهیم خلیل مفتاح پور || ۱۳۵۸ || ۱۳۵۹ || |- | ۲۷ || اصغر علایی || ۱۳۵۹ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۸ || مهدی نبی زاده || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۰ || |- | ۲۹ || لطیف ذاکرزاده [[File:لطیف ذاکرزاده شهردار اردبیل از سال ۱۳۶۰ تا سال ۱۳۶۴.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۶۰ || ۱۳۶۴ || |- | ۳۰ || نورالدین استحمامی [[File:نورالدین استحمامی شهردار اردبیل از تیرماه ۱۳۶۴ لغایت بهمن ماه ۱۳۶۶.png|thumb]] || ۱۳۶۴ || ۱۳۶۶ || |- | — || حمدالله بهرامی نژاد || ۱۳۶۶ || ۱۳۶۷ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۱ || ابوالفضل صومعلو || ۱۳۶۷ || ۱۳۷۱ || |- | ۳۲ || کمال الدین پیرموذن [[File:Kamaladdin Pirmoazzen.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۷۱ || ۱۳۷۷ || |- | ۳۳ || ولی آذرروش || ۱۳۷۷ || ۱۳۷۸ || |- | — || عباس شیخ علیزاده || ۱۳۷۸ || ۱۳۷۹ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۴ || حسین افسانه || ۱۳۷۹ || ۱۳۸۳ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۳ || نظارتچی |- |- | (۳۲) || کمال الدین پیرموذن || ۱۳۸۳ || ۱۳۸۴ || |- | — || غلامرضا نیازمند || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۵ || یعقوب عزیززاده || ۱۳۸۴ || ۱۳۸۶ || |- | ۳۶ || اکبر نیکزاد || ۱۳۸۶ || ۱۳۸۹ || |- | — || احمد خواجوی || ۱۳۸۹ || ۱۳۹۰ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۷ || [[صدیف بدری]] [[File:صدیف بدری.jpg|thumb]] || ۱۳۹۰ || ۱۳۹۴ || |- | — || [[خلیل احمدیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۴ || نظارتچی |- | ۳۸ || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۴ || ۱۳۹۶ || |- | — || [[قدرت سیفی]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۳۹۶ || نظارتچی |- | (۳۸) || [[حمید لطف‌اللهیان]] || ۱۳۹۶ || ۱۴۰۰ || |- | ۳۹ || [[محمود صفری]] || ۱۴۰۰ || گۆنوموز || |} == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی نین بؤلوم‌لری == اردبیل بلدیه‌سی ، ۵ بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی ایله بؤلونور. # اردبیل بیرینجی بؤلوم بلديه‌سی #اردبیل ایکینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل اوچونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل دؤردونجو بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی #اردبیل بئشینجی بؤلوم بلدیه‌سی == قایناقلار == *اردبیل بلدیه‌سی پورتالی([https://ardabilcity.ir/بلدیه سایتی]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) bh3b0t0ni56a94uvm1rxo0cxod79rf8 0 516184 1590688 1478915 2026-07-15T09:03:17Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Guess Who's Coming to Dinner | image = Guess Who's Coming to Dinner poster.jpg | image_size = | caption = Original release poster | director = [[Stanley Kramer]] | producer = Stanley Kramer | writer = [[William Rose (screenwriter)|William Rose]] | starring ={{Plainlist|* [[اسپنسر تریسی]] * [[سیدنی پوآتیه]] * [[کاترین هپبورن]]* [[کاترین هوتن]]* [[بیه ریچاردز]]* [[روی قلن]]}} | music = [[فرنک د وال]] | cinematography = [[Sam Leavitt]] | editing = [[Robert C. Jones]] | distributor = [[کولومبیا پیکچرز]] | released = {{Film date|1967|12|11|[[نیویورک]]|1967|12|12|United States}} | runtime = 108 minutes<ref>{{cite book |title=Video Hound's Golden Movie Retriever: The Complete Guide to Movies on Videocassette and DVD |url=https://archive.org/details/videohoundsgolde0000unse_u5f9 |publisher=Gale |year=2004 |isbn=0-7876-7470-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/videohoundsgolde0000unse_u5f9/page/355 355]}}</ref> | country = United States | language = English | budget = $4 million | gross= }} '''گؤزلنیلمز قوناق''' ({{Lang-en|Guess Who's Coming to Dinner}}, {{Lang-tr|Beklenmeyen Misafir}}, {{Lang-fa|حدس بزن چه‌کسی برای شام می‌آید}}) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینده]] [[اینگیلیس دیلی]]نده دۇزلمیش دراماتیک رومانتیک کومدی فیلم. فیلمین باش روْللارینی [[روی قلن]]، [[بیه ریچاردز]]، [[کاترین هوتن]]، [[کاترین هپبورن]]، [[سیدنی پوآتیه]]، [[اسپنسر تریسی]] جانلاندیریب. فیلمین موسیقیسین [[فرنک د وال]] یارادیب. ۱۹۶۷ میلادی ایلینده ۱۰ بؤلومده [[اوسکار جایزه‌سی|اوسکارا]] نامیزد اوْلموش و ۲ جایزه‌یه لایق گؤرولموش‌دور. ==گؤرونتولر== <gallery> file:Hepburn tracy guess whos coming to dinner.jpg </gallery> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Guess Who's Coming to Dinner | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۷-جی ایل فیلملری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکانین کومدی-درام فیلملری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا فیلملری]] [[بؤلمه:اینگیلیسجه فیلملر]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکانین آرشیو فیلملری]] 9ruqymxgnq4t4w0qkhxxj249ejn35ta 0 534263 1590704 1284419 2026-07-15T09:34:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Karl Racine |image = Karl Racine.jpg |office = [[Attorney General for the District of Columbia|Attorney General of the District of Columbia]] |1blankname = Mayor |1namedata = [[Muriel Bowser]] |term_start = January 2, 2015 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Irvin B. Nathan|Irvin Nathan]] |successor = |birth_name = Karl Anthony Racine<ref>[https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/commencement-programs/program-1985#container University of Pennsylvania (Class of 1985) Commencement]</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|12|14}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Hubbell |first=Martindale |date=2003 |title=Martindale Hubbell Law Directory 2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/martindalehubbel0014unse_z5j5|location= |publisher=Martindale Hubbell |page=170 |isbn=9781561606009 |author-link=}}</ref> |birth_place = [[پورتو پرنس]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ivyhoopsonline.com/2017/06/15/former-penn-guard-assists-in-suit-against-former-wharton-student/ | title=Former Penn guard assists in suit against former Wharton student| date=2017-06-16}}</ref> |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی|دموکرات]] |education = [[پنسیلوانیا بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[ویرجینیا بیلیم‌یوردو]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) }} # '''کارل راسین''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]:Karl Racine) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکالی]] [[سیاستچی]] و [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی|دموکرات]] حزبینین عوضوو. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:۱۹۶۲-جی میلادی ایلده دوغولان‌لار]] [[بؤلمه:۲۱. یوز ایلده آمریکالی سیاستچیلر]] [[بؤلمه:یاشایان اینسانلار]] [[بؤلمه:واشینقتن، دی.سی. دموکراتلاری]] 77ajmrolemw80viu7mgr4bo2v24ut0y 0 579375 1590681 1452453 2026-07-15T08:39:49Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name=Carpinteria, California |official_name=City of Carpinteria <!-- images and maps -----------> |settlement_type=[[City (California)|City]] |image_skyline=Carpinteriasunset1.jpg |image_caption=Sunset on the beach (end of Linden Ave) |image_flag= |flag_size= |image_seal= |seal_size= |nickname= |motto= |image_map=File:Santa Barbara County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Carpinteria Highlighted 0611446.svg |mapsize=250x200px |map_caption=Location of Carpinteria in Santa Barbara County, California. |pushpin_map=USA |pushpin_map_caption=Location in the United States |pushpin_relief=1 <!-- Location ------------------> |coordinates={{coord|34|23|57|N|119|30|59|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name=[[United States]] |subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in California|County]] |subdivision_name1=[[California]] |subdivision_name2=[[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara]] <!-- Politics -----------------> |established_title=[[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] |established_date=September 28, 1965<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date |format=Word |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s |accessdate=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archivedate=November 3, 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref> |named_for=The carpentry shops in the former [[Chumash people|Chumash]] settlement of '''Mishopshno''' ("Correspondence"<ref>{{Cite book |edition=Revised |publisher=EZ Nature Books |isbn=978-0936784151 |last1=McCall |first1=Lynne |last2=Perry |first2=Rosalind |title=California's Chumash Indians : a project of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Education Center |url=https://archive.org/details/californiaschuma00mcca |location=San Luis Obispo, Calif |date=2002 }}<!--|accessdate=2013-04-26--></ref>) |government_type= |leader_title=[[Mayor]] |leader_name=Wade Nomura<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.carpinteria.ca.us/citycouncil/index.shtml |title=Government Structure |publisher=City of Carpinteria |accessdate=January 7, 2015 |archivedate=2015-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715210906/http://www.carpinteria.ca.us/citycouncil/index.shtml }}</ref> |leader_title1=[[California's 19th State Senate district|State senator]] |leader_name1={{Representative|casd|19|fmt=sleader}} |unit_pref=Imperial |area_footnotes=<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 19, 2017}}</ref> |area_total_km2=24.01 |area_total_sq_mi=9.27 |area_land_km2=6.70 |area_land_sq_mi=2.59 |area_water_km2=17.32 |area_water_sq_mi=6.69 |area_water_percent=72.11 |area_metro_km2= |area_metro_sq_mi= |elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite GNIS|1652684|Carpinteria|accessdate=January 7, 2015}}</ref> |elevation_m=10 <!-- Population -----------> |elevation_ft=33 |population_total=13040 |population_as_of=[[2010 United States Census|2010]] |population_footnotes=<ref name=quif>{{Cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0611446.html|title=Carpinteria (city) QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329001340/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0611446.html|archive-date=March 29, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|archivedate=2015-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329001340/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0611446.html}}</ref> |population_density_sq_mi=5291.57 |population_est=13457 |pop_est_as_of=2018 |pop_est_footnotes= |population_metro= |population_density_metro_sq_mi=<!-- General information ---------------> |postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]]s |postal_code=93013-93014 |area_code=[[Area code 805|805]] |area_code_type=[[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] |website={{URL|www.carpinteria.ca.us}} |leader_title2=[[California's 37th State Assembly district|Assemblymember]] |leader_name2={{Representative|caad|37|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd>{{Cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=UC Regents |accessdate=December 8, 2014}}</ref> |leader_title3=[[California's 24th congressional district|U. S. rep.]] |leader_name3={{Representative|cacd|24|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|24|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref> <!-- Area------------------> |timezone=[[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] |utc_offset=-8 |timezone_DST=[[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] |utc_offset_DST=-7 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |blank_name=[[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code |blank_info={{FIPS|06|11446}} |blank1_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs |blank1_info={{GNIS 4|1652684}}, {{GNIS 4|2409990}} |blank2_name=[[Government-access television|GATV]] |blank2_info=Channel 18<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carpinteria.ca.us/edd/GATV%20schedule.shtml|title=City of Carpinteria > Doing Business in Carpinteria > Business Assistance and Financing|publisher=|accessdate=March 12, 2016|archivedate=2012-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625094355/http://www.carpinteria.ca.us/edd/GATV%20schedule.shtml}}</ref> |population_density_km2=2043.16 }} کارپینتریا ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Carpinteria, California) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی|کالیفورنیا]] ایالتینده یئرلشن بیر شهر . بۇ یاشاییش یئرین اساسی ۱۹۶۵ -جی ایلده قۇیولموش‌دور. ۲۰۱۸-جی وئریلن معلوماتا اهالیسینین سایی ۱۳۴۵۷ نفر ایدی. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Carpinteria, California | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:کارپینتریا، کالیفورنیا]] [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا شهرلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا شهرلری]] dmls81jwvj1ybqohitb25xs9kblr4e9 0 580667 1590599 1403242 2026-07-14T19:56:50Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name=City of Clayton |settlement_type=[[City (California)|City]] |image_skyline=Parts Of Clayton, CA.jpg |imagesize=300px |image_caption=Parts of Clayton as seen from [[Mount Diablo State Park|Mt. Diablo]] in Summer 2005 |image_seal= |image_map=File:Contra Costa County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Clayton Highlighted 0613882.svg |mapsize=250x200px |map_caption=Location of Clayton in Contra Costa County, California. |image_map1= |mapsize1= |map_caption1= |pushpin_map=USA |pushpin_map_caption=Location in the United States |pushpin_relief=1 |subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name={{USA}} |subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1={{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in California|County]] |subdivision_name2=[[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa]] |established_title=[[Municipal incorporation|Incorporated]] |established_date=March 18, 1964<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date |format=Word |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s |accessdate=March 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archivedate=November 3, 2014 }}</ref> |government_type= |leader_title=[[Mayor]] |leader_name=Tuija Catalano<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ci.clayton.ca.us/index.php?section=30 |title=Clayton City Council |accessdate=March 27, 2013 |publisher=City of Clayton |archivedate=2012-06-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628190902/http://www.ci.clayton.ca.us/index.php?section=30 }}</ref> |leader_title1=[[California's 7th State Senate district|State Senator]] |leader_name1={{Representative|casd|7|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 21, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> |leader_title2=[[California's 14th State Assembly district|State&nbsp;Assembly]] |leader_name2={{Representative|caad|14|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 21, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> |leader_title3=[[California's 11th congressional district|U. S. Congress]] |leader_name3={{Representative|cacd|11|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|11|accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> <!-- Area------------------> |area_magnitude= |unit_pref=Imperial |area_footnotes=<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 19, 2017}}</ref> |area_total_sq_mi=3.84 |area_land_sq_mi=3.84 |area_water_sq_mi=0.00 |area_total_km2=9.95 |area_land_km2=9.95 |area_water_km2=0.00 |area_water_percent=0 |area_note= |elevation_ft=394 |elevation_m=120 |population_as_of=[[2010 United States Census|2010]] |population_footnotes= |population_total=10897 |population_metro= |population_density_km2=1205.63 |population_density_sq_mi=3122.92 |timezone=[[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] |utc_offset=-8 |coordinates={{coord|37|56|28|N|121|56|09|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} |timezone_DST=PDT |utc_offset_DST=-7 |postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]] |postal_code=94517 |area_code=[[Area code 925|925]] |blank_name=[[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info=06-13882 |blank1_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs |blank1_info={{GNIS4|277488}}, {{GNIS4|2409474}} |footnotes= |website={{URL|http://www.ci.clayton.ca.us/}} |pop_est_as_of=2018 |pop_est_footnotes= |population_est=12192 }} کلایتون ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیسجه]]: Clayton, California) [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] [[کالیفورنیا ایالتی|کالیفورنیا]] ایالتینده یئرلشن بیر شهر . بۇ یاشاییش یئرین اساسی ۱۸۵۷ -جی ایلده قۇیولموش‌دور. ۲۰۱۸-جی وئریلن معلوماتا اهالیسینین سایی ۱۲۱۹۲ نفر ایدی. == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} {{قارداش_پروژه‌لر_باغلانتی قوتوسو | یازار =no | ویکی‌سؤزلوک =no | ویکی‌کیتاب =no | ویکی‌سؤز =no | ویکی‌قایناق =no | ویکی‌آمبار =Clayton, California | ویکی‌خبر =no | ویکی‌گیل =no | ویکی‌دولانما =no | ویکی‌بیلیم‌یورد =no }} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:کالیفورنیا شهرلری]] [[بؤلمه:آمریکا شهرلری]] ktabgfkgctbks11520yvinfdxp8if3f 0 586480 1590636 1547518 2026-07-15T06:56:26Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''نیوتون رویه‌سی''' (Newton's method) یادا نیوتون-رافسون اوصولو. بیر تابع ده ریشه تاپماق القوریتمدیر. بیر تابع ده باشدا تابع ریشه‌سین ظن ایله تاپیب و سونرا فورمولدا اونو تقریبی اله گتیریر. ان یاخین [[سایی]] تابع ریشه‌سی و [[کؤک]]ودور. :<math>x_{1} = x_0 - \frac{f(x_0)}{f'(x_0)} \,.</math> <!-- [[Image:newton iteration.svg|alt=Illustration of Newton's method|thumb|right|300px|An illustration of one iteration of Newton's method (the function {{mvar|f}} is shown in blue and the tangent line is in red). We see that {{math|''x''_{''n'' + 1}}} is a better approximation than {{math|''x''_''n''}} for the root {{math|''x''}} of the function {{math|''f''}}.]] --> [[Image:NewtonIteration Ani.gif|alt=Illustration of Newton's method|thumb|right|300px|The function {{mvar|f}} is shown in blue and the tangent line is in red. We see that {{math|''x''_{''n'' + 1}}} is a better approximation than {{math|''x''_''n''}} for the root {{mvar|x}} of the function {{mvar|f}}.]] == قایناقلار == {{قایناق|colwidth=35em|refs= <ref name="Colli and Girault, 2017" >{{Cite journal |title=Compact and General Strategy for Solving Current and Potential Distribution in Electrochemical Cells Composed of Massive Monopolar and Bipolar Electrodes |first1=A. N. |last1=Colli |first2=H. H. |last2=Girault |journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society |volume=164 |issue=11 |pages=E3465-E3472 |date=June 2017 |doi=10.1149/2.0471711jes |hdl=11336/68067 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> }} ==References== * {{cite book |last1=Gil |first1=A. |last2=Segura |first2=J. |last3=Temme |first3=N. M. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220693008 |title=Numerical methods for special functions |isbn=978-0-89871-634-4 |date=2007 |publisher=Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |author1-link=Endre Süli |first1=Endre |last1=Süli |first2=David |last2=Mayers |title=An Introduction to Numerical Analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontonu0000suli |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2003 |isbn=0-521-00794-1 |ref=harv}} ==آرتیق اوخو== * Kendall E. Atkinson, ''An Introduction to Numerical Analysis'', (1989) John Wiley & Sons, Inc, {{ISBN|0-471-62489-6}} * Tjalling J. Ypma, Historical development of the Newton–Raphson method, ''SIAM Review'' '''37''' (4), 531–551, 1995. {{Doi|10.1137/1037125}}. * {{cite book|last1=Bonnans|first1=J.&nbsp;Frédéric|last2=Gilbert|first2=J.&nbsp;Charles|last3=Lemaréchal|first3=Claude| authorlink3=Claude Lemaréchal|last4=Sagastizábal|first4=Claudia&nbsp;A.|author4-link= Claudia Sagastizábal |title=Numerical optimization: Theoretical and practical aspects|url=https://www.springer.com/mathematics/applications/book/978-3-540-35445-1|edition=Second revised ed. of translation of 1997 <!-- ''Optimisation numérique: Aspects théoriques et pratiques'' --> French| series=Universitext|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=Berlin|year=2006|pages=xiv+490|isbn=3-540-35445-X|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-35447-5|mr=2265882}} * P. Deuflhard, ''Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems. Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms.'' Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35. Springer, Berlin, 2004. {{ISBN|3-540-21099-7}}. * C. T. Kelley, ''Solving Nonlinear Equations with Newton's Method'', no 1 in Fundamentals of Algorithms, SIAM, 2003. {{ISBN|0-89871-546-6}}. * J. M. Ortega, W. C. Rheinboldt, ''Iterative Solution of Nonlinear Equations in Several Variables.'' Classics in Applied Mathematics, SIAM, 2000. {{ISBN|0-89871-461-3}}. *{{Cite book |last1=Press |first1=W. H. |last2=Teukolsky |first2=S. A. |last3=Vetterling |first3=W. T. |last4=Flannery |first4=B. P. |year=2007 |title=Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing |edition=3rd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-521-88068-8 |chapter=Chapter 9. Root Finding and Nonlinear Sets of Equations Importance Sampling |chapter-url=http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=442 |access-date=2020-05-01 |archive-date=2011-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811154417/http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=442 |url-status=dead }}. See especially Sections [http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=456 9.4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811154417/http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=456 |date=2011-08-11 }}, [http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=473 9.6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811154417/http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=473 |date=2011-08-11 }}, and [http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=477 9.7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811154417/http://apps.nrbook.com/empanel/index.html#pg=477 |date=2011-08-11 }}. * {{cite book |first=Mordecai |last=Avriel |title=Nonlinear Programming: Analysis and Methods |url=https://archive.org/details/nonlinearprogram0000avri |location= |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1976 |isbn=0-13-623603-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nonlinearprogram0000avri/page/216 216]–221 }} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{آمبار بؤلمه|Newton Method}} {{Wikibooks category|Newton's method}} * {{springer|title=Newton method|id=p/n066560}} *{{MathWorld|title=Newton's Method|urlname=NewtonsMethod}} *[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Newton%27s_method Newton's method, Citizendium.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190524083302/http://mathfaculty.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/NewtonAccelerateMod.html Mathews, J., The Accelerated and Modified Newton Methods, Course notes.] *[http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/~xwu/part2.pdf Wu, X., Roots of Equations, Course notes.] {{Isaac Newton}} {{Optimization algorithms}} {{Root-finding algorithms}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:فیزیک]] [[بؤلمه:سایی]] 4sdsvuvciewn3u9udonzovbf4sxrssv 0 589635 1590616 1587930 2026-07-15T06:26:52Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = تیموتی دالتون | image = Timothy Dalton 1987.jpg | imagesize = | caption = دالتون آمستردام‌دا، ۱۹۸۷ | birth_name = تیموتی لئونارد دالتون لگت | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1946|3|21}} | birth_place = [[کولوین بی]]، [[ولز]]، [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]] | nationality = [[بریتانیا]]لی | occupation = اوْیونچو | years_active = ۱۹۶۵{{ndash}}گۆنوموز | partner = {{plainlist| *[[ونسا ردقریو]] (۱۹۷۱{{ndash}}۱۹۸۶) *[[اوکسانا قریقوریئوا]] (۱۹۹۵{{ndash}}۲۰۰۳)}} | children = ۱ | signature = Timothy-dalton-signature.png }} '''تیموتی لئونارد دالتون لگت''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Timothy Leonard Dalton Leggett}}؛ د. ۲۱ مارس ۱۹۴۶، [[کولوین بی]]، [[ولز]]) — [[ولز]]لی بیر اویونچو. دالتون [[جیمز باند]] فیلم سری‌لرینین [[یاشایان گۆن ایشیقلاری (فیلم)|یاشایان گۆن ایشیقلاری]] (۱۹۸۷) و [[اؤلدورمک اوچون ایجازه (فیلم)|اؤلدورمک اوچون ایجازه]] (۱۹۸۹) فیلم‌لرینده اوغورلو چیخیش ائدیب.<ref name="unknown date">Sources disagree about his birth date, with some giving his year of birth as 1944: * {{Cite book|title=Film Actors Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/filmactorsguide0000luka|last=LuKanic|first=Steven A.|publisher=Lone Eagle|year=1991|isbn=978-0-943728-38-4|location=Los Angeles|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmactorsguide0000luka/page/123 123]}} * {{Cite book|title=Halliwell's Filmgoer's Companion|url=https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmgo0000hall_n4y3|last=Halliwell|first=Leslie|publisher=[[Grafton (publisher)|Grafton]]|year=1988|edition=9th|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmgo0000hall_n4y3/page/185 185]|authorlink=Leslie Halliwell}}whilst others state 1946: * {{Cite book|title=Newsmakers|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporarynews0000anne|last1=Gareffa|first1=Peter M.|last2=Evory|first2=Ann|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale Research]]|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8103-2203-5|location=Detroit|pages=v, 93}} * {{Cite book|title=The Complete James Bond Movie Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/completejamesbon0000rubi_w2j9|last=Rubin|first=Steven Jay|publisher=Contemporary Books|year=2003|isbn=978-0-07-141246-9|edition=3rd|page=[https://archive.org/details/completejamesbon0000rubi_w2j9/page/97 97]}} * {{Cite book|title=Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion|url=https://archive.org/details/kisskissbangbang0000barn|last1=Barnes|first1=Alan|last2=Hearn|first2=Marcus|publisher=[[Batsford Books]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7134-8182-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Timothy-Dalton-Complete-Guide-Television/dp/1539171388/ref=pd_rhf_gw_p_img_1?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=C7D7J38QHTX78SCJMSAB|title=Timothy Dalton: A Complete Guide To his Cinema, Television, Stage and Voice Work|last=Araya|first=Margarida|publisher=[[Amazon.com|Amazon]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-5391-7138-6|page=5}}</ref> == اوینادیغی فیلم‌لر == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" style="width: 65px;" |ایل ! scope="col" style="width: 225px;" |آد ! scope="col" style="width: 225px;" |روْل ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |قئید |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۶۸ |[[قیش‌دا سود]] |[[ایکینجی فیلیپ (فرانسه)|ایکینجی فیلیپ]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۰ |[[یئل توتان اوجالیقلار (فیلم، ۱۹۷۰)|یئل توتان اوجالیقلار]] |هیتکلیف | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۰ |[[کرامول (فیلم)|کرامول]] |[[پرنس روپرت]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۰ |[[اوْیون آیرینتیلاری (فیلم، ۱۹۷۰)|اوْیون آیرینتیلاری]] |مارک | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۱ |''[[ماری، ایسکاتلند ملکه‌سی (فیلم، ۱۹۷۱)|ماری، ایسکاتلند ملکه‌سی]]'' |[[هنری استوارت، دارنلی اردو]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۵ |[[اؤلدورمک اوچون ایجازه (فیلم، ۱۹۷۵)|اؤلدورمک اوچون ایجازه]] |چارلز لوْرد | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۸ |[[سکستت]] |سیر مایکل بارینگتون | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۸ |[[سئوگی‌نی بیلن آدام (فیلم)|سئوگی‌نی بیلن آدام]] |خوآن دی دئوس | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۷۹ |''[[آگاتا (فیلم)|آگاتا]]'' |[[آرچی کریستی]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۰ |''[[فلش گوردون (فیلم)|فلش گوردون]]'' |پرنس برین | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۱ |[[چانل سولایتر]] |بوی کاپل | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۵ |''[[دوکتور و شیطان‌لار]]'' |توماس راک | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۷ |''[[یاشایان گۆن ایشیقلاری (فیلم)|یاشایان گۆن ایشیقلاری]]'' |[[جیمز باند (کاراکتر)|جیمز باند]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۸ |[[شاهین‌لر (فیلم، ۱۹۸۸)|شاهین‌لر]] |بانکرافت | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۹ |[[برندا ستار]] |باسیل سنت جان |''[[یاشایان گۆن ایشیقلاری (فیلم)|یاشایان گۆن ایشیقلاری]]ندان قاباق چئکیلمیش دیر.''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-09-01/news/mn-2552_1_brenda-starr/3|title=Movie Deal Portrays BCCI as a 'Personal Piggy Bank': Scandal: Involvement in 'Brenda Starr' film sheds light on firm's relationships with the rich and royal. - Page 3|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1 September 1991|accessdate=29 October 2012|first1=William C.|last1=Rempel|first2=Jeffrey L.|last2=Rabin}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۸۹ |[[اؤلدورمک اوچون ایجازه (فیلم)|اؤلدورمک اوچون ایجازه]] |[[جیمز باند (کاراکتر)|جیمز باند]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۰ |[[شاه‌ین فاحیشه‌سی (فیلم)|شاه‌ین فاحیشه‌سی]] |[[ایکینجی ویکتور آمادیو ساردینی]] | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۱ |[[راکتچی (فیلم)|''راکتچی'']] |نویل سنکلیر | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۳ |[[نیویورک دا چیلپاق]] |لیوت پیرس | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۶ |[[دوزلو سو سیغانی]] |لستر فارنل | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۷ |[[گؤزللیک مۆتخصیصی و جاناوار]] |بوریس پوشنکو | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۷ |[[معلومات وئرن (فیلم، ۱۹۹۷)|معلومات وئرن]] |رنی | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۹ |[[دۆزلمیش کیشی‌لر]] |دکس دریر | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۹ |[[ریف (فیلم، ۱۹۹۹)|ریف]] |چارلز درو | |- ! scope="row" |۱۹۹۹ |[[کلئوپاترا (قیسا سریال)|کلئوپاترا]] |[[ژولیوس سزار]] | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۰۰ |[[پایلاشما واختی (فیلم، ۲۰۰۰)|پایلاشما واختی]] |متیو "مت" فراگر | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۰۰ |[[اله کئچیریلمیش (فیلم، ۲۰۰۰)|اله کئچیریلمیش]] |پاپا ویلیام بودرن | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۰۱ |[[آمریکا قولدورلاری (فیلم)|آمریکا قولدورلاری]] |[[آلان پینکرتون]] | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۰۳ |[[لونی تونز: دؤیوشه قاییتماق]] |دامیان دریک |جیمز باند روْلونون بیر پارودیاسی |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۰۶ |[[یئردنیز حیکایه‌سی (فیلم، ۲۰۰۶)|یئردنیز حیکایه‌سی]] |گد/سئرچه (سس) |اینگیلیسجه دوبلاژ |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۰۷ |[[دهشتلی پوْلیس‌لر (فیلم، ۲۰۰۷)|دهشتلی پوْلیس‌لر]] |سیمون اسکینر | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۰ |[[اویون‌جاق حکایه‌سی ۳]] |کیرپی بی (سس) | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۰ |[[توریست (فیلم، ۲۰۱۰)|توریست]] |باش مۆفتتیش جونز | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۱ |[[هاوایی تعطیلاتی]] |کیرپی بی (سس) |قیسا فیلم |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۱ |[[کیچیک باز (فیلم)|کیچیک باز]] |کیرپی بی (سس) |قیسا فیلم |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۲ |[[پارتی سیرالایان رکس]] |کیرپی بی (سس) |قیسا فیلم |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۲ |[[قانادلارین سیرری]] |لوْرد میلوری (صدا) | |- ! scope="row" |۲۰۱۹ |[[اویون‌جاق حکایه‌سی ۴]] |کیرپی بی (سس) | |} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} 5l8xvycvpbb4qjwv1khq40rc2i3cuvv 0 591090 1590667 1525613 2026-07-15T08:05:24Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox physical quantity | name =الکتریک آخیمی | width = | background = | image = Ohm's Law with Voltage source TeX.svg | caption = ساده بیر الکتریک آخیمی. | unit =[[آمپر]] | otherunits = | symbols =''I'' | baseunits = | dimension = | extensive = | intensive = | conserved = | transformsas = | derivations = <math>I = {V \over R} , I = {Q \over t} </math> }} [[فایل:Current_Flow.svg|بندانگشتی|300x300پیکسل]] '''الکتریک آخیمی'''، '''الکتریکسل آخیم''' یوخسا '''الکتریک جریانی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Electric current}}) [[الکترون|الکترونلارین]] یا [[یون|یونلارین]] [[ماده‌]]ده یا [[خلا]]ده گئدیشینه دئییلیر. الکتریک آخیمی بیر سطح اۆزریندن بیریم زاماندا کئچن [[الکتریک یوکو]] میقداری اولاراق تعریفله‌نیر.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Horowitz|first1=Paul|title=The art of electronics|last2=Hill|first2=Winfield|date=2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-80926-9|edition=3rd|author-link1=Paul Horowitz (scientist)|author-link2=Winfield Hill}}</ref><ref name=Walker>{{Cite book|last1=Walker|first1=Jearl|title=Fundamentals of physics|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofph0000walk_n0j4|last2=Halliday|first2=David|last3=Resnick|first3=Robert|date=2014|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1118230732|edition=10th|location=Hoboken, NJ|oclc=950235056}}</ref> <center> <math>I = \frac{V}{R}</math> </center> الکتریک آخیمی I حرفی ایله گؤستریلیر. بو حرف فرانسه دیلینده آخیم شیدّتی آنلامیندا ایشلنن intensité de courant کلمه‌سینین ایلک حرفیندن آلینمیشدیر. الکتریک آخیمی‌نین [[میلتلرآراسی بیریملر سیستمی]]نده‌کی بیریمی [[آمپر]] دیر. بیر سطح اۆزریندن بیر ثانیه ایچینده بیر [[کولون|کولوْن]] الکتریک یوکو کئچمه‌سی، بیر آمپر الکتریک آخیمی دئمکدیر.<ref name="SI">{{SIbrochure9th}}</ref> الکتریک آخیمی [[آمپرمتر]] ایله اؤلچولور.<ref name=Walker/> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{اس‌آی اصلی کمیتلری}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:الکتریک جریانی]] [[بؤلمه:فیزیکسل کمیتلر]] [[بؤلمه:اس‌آی اصلی کمیتلری]] 757j8pbzzu0jwjiej4yoyxk690q0de3 0 591865 1590632 1587917 2026-07-15T06:50:47Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 2 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox subdivision type | name = جومهوریت | alt_name = | map = [[File:Republics of Russia1.png|330px]]<div style="font-size: 85%;">{{سوتون باشلا}}{{Col-break}} 1. [[آدیغیه]]<br /> 2. [[آلتای جومهوریتی]]<br /> 3. [[باشقیردیستان]]<br /> 4. [[بوریاتیا]]<br /> 5. [[داغیستان]]<br /> 6. [[اینقوشتیا]]<br /> 7. [[کاباردینو-بالکاریا]]<br /> 8. [[قالموقستان]]<br /> 9. [[قاراچای-چرکز]]<br /> 10. [[کارلیا جومهوریتی]]<br /> 11. [[کومی جمهوریتی]]<br /> 12. [[ماری ال]]<br /> 13. [[موردوویا]]<br /> 14. [[ساخا جومهوریتی]]<br /> 15. [[شومالی اوستیا-آلانیا]]<br /> 16. [[تاتاریستان]]<br /> 17. [[تووا]]<br /> 18. [[اودمورتیا]]<br /> 19. [[خاکاسیا]]<br /> 20. [[چچنیستان]]<br /> 21. [[چوواشیستان]]<br /> 22. [[قیریم جمهوریتی]] (موناقیشه‌لی)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1z1MDwAAQBAJ |title=The Territories of the Russian Federation 2018 |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=9781351103916 |series=Europa Territories of the World series |location=London |pages=180 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1z1MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT180#v=onepage&q&f=false|chapter=Republic of Crimea |oclc=1027753558 |quote=Note: The territories of the Crimean peninsula, comprising Sevastopol City and the Republic of Crimea, remained internationally recognized as constituting part of Ukraine, following their annexation by Russia in March 2014.}}</ref> {{سوتون قورتار}}</div> | category = [[فدرال حوکومت]] | territory = [[روسیه فدراسیونو]] | start_date = | current_number = ۲۲ | number_date = | population_range = ۲۰۳٬۱۹۵ ([[آلتای جومهوریتی|آلتای]]) – ۴٬۰۷۲٬۱۰۲ ([[باشقیردیستان]]) | area_range = {{Convert|3123|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[اینقوشتیا]]) {{جب}} {{Convert|3083523|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[ساخا جومهوریتی|ساخا]]) | government = [[جومهوریت]] }} روسیه‌نین آنایاساسی اساسینا اویغون اوْلاراق، اؤلکه ۸۵ [[روسیه‌نین فدرال بؤلگه‌لری|فدرال بؤلگه‌]]یه بؤلونور کی اوْنلارین ۲۲-سی جومهوریت فوْرموندا ایداره اوْلونور. == جومهوریت‌لر == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" ! class="unsortable" | بایراق ! class="unsortable" | خریطه ! آدی<br> ! بؤلگه‌سل آدی<br> ! مرکزی<br> ! چوْخونلوغو اوْلان میللیتلر<br> ! اهالی (۲۰۱۰)<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-11.pdf|title=2010 All-Russian Population Census|date=2011-12-22|website=All-Russian Population Census|language=ru|access-date=2019-05-12|accessdate=2021-05-29|archivedate=2020-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728145129/https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-11.pdf}}</ref><br> ! ساحه<br> ! قۇرولوش |- <!-- 01 ---> | [[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Adygea|alt=Flag of Adygea]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Adygea (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Adygea in Russia]] | [[آدیغیه|آدیغیه جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Адыгея}} <br />[[آدیغیه دیلی|آدیغیه‌جه]]: Адыгэ Республик | [[مایکوپ]] | [[چرکس‌لر]] | ۴۳۹٫۹۹۶ | {{Sort|00028748|{{Convert|7792|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۹۱-۰۷-۰۳<ref name="state-building">{{Cite book|title=State-Building in Russia: The Yeltsin Legacy and the Challenge of the Future|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780765602763|last=Smith|first=Gordon|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1999|isbn=0-7656-0276-8|location=Armonk, United States|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780765602763/page/62 62]}}</ref> |- <!-- 02 ---> | [[File:Flag of Altai Republic.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of the Altai Republic|alt=Flag of the Altai Republic]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Altai Republic.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Altai in Russia]] | [[آلتای جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Алтай}} <br />[[آلتای تورکجه‌سی|آلتایجا]]: Алтай Республика | [[قورنو-آلتایسک]] | [[آلتای‌لی‌لار]] | ۲۰۶٫۱۶۸ | {{Sort|00030528|{{Convert|92903|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۹۱-۰۷-۰۳<ref name="state-building"/> |- <!-- 03 ---> | [[File:Flag of Bashkortostan.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Bashkortostan|alt=Flag of Bashkortostan]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Bashkortostan.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Bashkortostan in Russia]] | [[باشقیردیستان|باشقیردیستان جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Башкортостан}}<br /> [[باشقیرد تورکجه‌سی|باشقیردجا]]: Башҡортостан Республикаһы | [[اوفا]] | [[باشقورت]]‌لار | ۴٫۰۷۲٫۲۹۲ | {{Sort|00110879|{{Convert|142947|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۱۹-۰۳-۲۳<ref name="tatar-bashkir">{{Cite book|title=Language Policy in the Soviet Union|last=Grenoble|first=Lenore|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2003|isbn=0-306-48083-2|location=Hanover, United States|pages=69}}</ref> |- <!-- 04 ---> | [[File:Flag of Buryatia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Buryatia|alt=Flag of Buryatia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Buryatia (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Buryatia in Russia]] | [[بوریاتیا|بوریاتیا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Бурятия}} <br />[[بوریات دیلی|بوریاتجا]]: Буряад Улас | [[اولان‌اوده]] | [[بوریات‌لار]] | ۹۷۲٫۰۲۱ | {{Sort|3855100|{{Convert|351334|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۲۳-۰۵-۳۰<ref>{{Cite book|title=Uralic and Altaic Series|last=Rupen|first=Robert|publisher=Indiana University|year=1964|volume=37|location=Indianapolis, United States|pages=468}}</ref> |- <!-- 05 ---> | [[File:Flag of the Chechen Republic.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Chechnya|alt=Flag of Chechnya]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Chechnya (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Chechnya in Russia]] | [[چچنیستان|چچنیستان جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Чеченская Республика}}<br /> [[چچن دیلی|چچنجه]]: Нохчийн Республика | [[قروزنی]] | [[چچن‌‌لر]] | ۱٫۲۶۸٫۹۸۹ | {{Sort|00056594|{{Convert|16165|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۹۳-۰۱-۱۰^۱ |- <!-- 06 ---> | [[File:Flag of Chuvashia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Chuvashia|alt=Flag of Chuvashia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Chuvashia.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Chuvashia in Russia]] | [[چوواشیستان|چوواشیستان جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Чувашская Республика}} <br /> [[چوواش تورکجه‌سی|چوواشجا]]: Чӑваш Республики | [[چبوکساری]] | [[چوواش‌لار]] | ۱٫۲۵۱٫۶۱۹ | {{Sort|00078867|{{Convert|18343|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۲۵-۰۴-۲۱<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawru.info/dok/1925/04/21/n1203739.htm|title=Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on 04/21/1925 "On the transformation of the Chuvash Autonomous Region into the Chuvash Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic"|website=Legal Russia|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-26|accessdate=2021-05-29|archivedate=2019-02-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216153501/http://lawru.info/dok/1925/04/21/n1203739.htm}}</ref> |- <!-- 07 ---> | [[File:Flag of Crimea.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Crimea|alt=Flag of Crimea]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Crimea.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Crimea in Russia]] | [[قیریم جومهوریتی]]^۲ | {{Lang-ru| Республика Крым}} <br /> {{Lang-uk| Республіка Крим}} <br /> [[قیریم تاتار تورکجه‌سی|قیریم تاتارجا]]: Къырым Джумхуриети | [[سیمفروپول]] | [[روسلار]] <br /> [[اوکراینالی‌لار]] <br /> [[قیریم تورکلری]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpretermag.com/why-are-only-some-non-russian-republics-led-by-members-of-their-titular-nationalities/|title=Why are Only Some Non-Russian Republics Led by Members of Their Titular Nationalities?|last=Goble|first=Paul|date=2015-11-03|website=The Interpreter|access-date=2019-05-13|accessdate=2021-05-29|archivedate=2020-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031114036/https://www.interpretermag.com/why-are-only-some-non-russian-republics-led-by-members-of-their-titular-nationalities/}}</ref> | ۱٫۹۱۳٫۷۳۱ | {{Sort|00043094|{{Convert|26081|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۲۰۱۴-۰۳-۱۸<ref name="crimea"/> |- <!-- 08 ---> | [[File:Flag of Dagestan.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Dagestan|alt=Flag of Dagestan]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Dagestan (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Dagestan in Russia]] | [[داغیستان|داغیستان جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Дагестан}} <br /> [[آوار دیلی (قافقاز دیللری)|آوارجا]]: Дагъистаналъул Жумгьурият <br /> [[دارگوا دیل‌لری|دارگواجا]]: Дагъистан Республика <br /> [[قوموق دیلی|قوموقجا]]: Дагъыстан Жумгьурият <br /> [[لزگی دیلی|لزگی‌جه]]: Республика Дагъустан | [[مخاچ‌قلعه]] | [[آوار‌لار (قافقازدیل‌لی خالق)|آوارلار]] <br /> [[دارگی‌لر]] <br />[[قوموق‌لار]] <br /> [[لزگی‌لر]] | ۲٫۹۱۰٫۲۴۹ | {{Sort|00045228|{{Convert|50270|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۲۱-۰۱-۲۰<ref name="companion">{{Cite book|title=The Statesman's Year-Book Historical Companion|url=https://archive.org/details/statesmansyearbo0000paxt_m3d5|last=Paxton|first=John|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=1988|isbn=978-1-349-19448-3|location=London, United Kingdom|pages=[https://archive.org/details/statesmansyearbo0000paxt_m3d5/page/270 271]}}</ref> |- <!-- 09 ---> | [[File:Flag of Ingushetia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Ingushetia|alt=Flag of Ingushetia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Ingushetia (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Ingushetia in Russia]] | [[اینقوشتیا|اینقوشتیا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Ингушетия}} <br /> [[اینقوش دیلی|اینقوشجا]]: ГӀалгӀай Мохк | [[ماقاس]] | [[اینقوش‌لار]] | ۴۱۲٫۵۲۹ | {{Sort|00643427|{{Convert|3123|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۹۲-۰۴-۰۴<ref name="Ingush"/> |- <!-- 10 ---> | [[File:Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria|alt=Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Kabardino-Balkaria.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia]] | [[کاباردینو-بالکاریا|کاباردینو-بالکاریا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Кабардино-Балкарская Республика}} <br /> [[کاباردا-چرکز دیلی|کابارداجا]]: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ <br /> [[قاراچای-بالکار تورکجه‌سی|قاراچای-بالکارجا]]: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика | [[نالچیک]] | [[کاباردالی‌لار]] <br /> [[بالکارلار]] | ۸۵۹٫۹۳۹ | {{Sort|00357022|{{Convert|12470|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۶-۱۲-۰۵<ref name="Caucasus">{{Cite book|title=The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus|url=https://archive.org/details/postsovietwarsre0000chri|last=Zurcher|first=Christoph|publisher=New York University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8147-9724-2|location=New York, United States|pages=[https://archive.org/details/postsovietwarsre0000chri/page/28 28]–29}}</ref> |- <!-- 11 ---> | [[File:Flag of Kalmykia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Kalmykia|alt=Flag of Kalmykia]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Kalmykia (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Kalmykia in Russia]] | [[قالموقستان|قالموقستان جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Калмыкия}} <br /> [[کالمیک دیلی|کالمیکجا]]: Хальмг Таңһч | [[الیستا]] | [[کالمیک‌لار]] | ۲۸۹٫۴۸۱ | {{Sort|00131957|{{Convert|74731|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۵-۱۰-۲۲<ref name="companion"/> |- <!-- 12 ---> | [[File:Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia|alt=Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Karachay-Cherkessia.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Karachay-Cherkessia in Russia]] | [[قاراچای-چرکز|قاراچای-چرکز جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Карачаево-Черкесская Республика}} <br /> [[قاراچای-بالکار تورکجه‌سی|قاراچای-بالکارجا]]: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика <br /> [[کاباردا-چرکز دیلی|کابارداجا]]: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ | [[چرکسک]] | [[قاراچایلی‌لار]] <br /> [[کاباردالی‌لار]] | ۴۷۷٫۸۵۹ | {{Sort|00093028|{{Convert|14277|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۹۲-۰۷-۰۳<ref name="state-building"/> |- <!-- 13 ---> | [[File:Flag of Karelia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of the Republic of Karelia|alt=Flag of the Republic of Karelia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Karelia (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Karelia in Russia]] | [[کارلیا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Карелия}} <br /> [[کارل دیلی|کارلجه]]: Karjalan tazavaldu<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jung|first=Hakyung|date=2012|title=Language in a Borderland: On the Official Status of Karelian Language|url=https://www.academia.edu/4892711|journal=Slavic Studies|pages=1 and 13|via=Academia}}</ref> | [[پتروزاودسک]] | [[کارل‌لر]] | ۶۴۳٫۵۴۸ | {{Sort|00103000|{{Convert|180520|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۲۳-۰۶-۲۷ |- <!-- 14 ---> | [[File:Flag of Khakassia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Khakassia|alt=Flag of Khakassia]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Khakassia.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Khakassia in Russia]] | [[خاکاسیا|خاکاسیا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Хакасия}} <br />[[خاکاس تورکجه‌سی|خاکاسجا]]: Хакас Республиказы | [[آباکان]] | [[خاکاس‌لار]] | ۵۳۲٫۴۰۳ | {{Sort|00301340|{{Convert|61569|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۹۱-۰۷-۰۳<ref name="state-building"/> |- <!-- 15 ---> | [[File:Flag of Komi.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of the Komi Republic|alt=Flag of the Komi Republic]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Komi (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Komi in Russia]] | [[کومی جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Коми}} <br /> [[کومی دیلی|کومی‌جه]]: Коми Республика | [[سیکتیوکار]] | [[کومی-زیریان‌لار]] | ۹۰۱٫۱۸۹ | {{Sort|00064589|{{Convert|416774|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۶-۱۲-۰۵<ref name="companion"/> |- <!-- 16 ---> | [[File:Flag of Mari El.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Mari El|alt=Flag of Mari El]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Mari El.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Mari El in Russia]] | [[ماری ال|ماری ال جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Марий Эл}} <br /> [[هیل ماری دیلی|هیل ماریجه]]: Мары Эл Республик <br /> [[دوغو ماری دیلی|دوغو ماریجه]]: Марий Эл Республик | [[یوشکار اولا]] | [[ماری‌‌لر]] | ۶۹۶٫۴۵۹ | {{Sort|00065300|{{Convert|23375|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۶-۱۲-۰۵<ref name="companion"/> |- <!-- 17 ---> | [[File:Flag of Mordovia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Mordovia|alt=Flag of Mordovia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Mordovia.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Mordovia in Russia]] | [[موردوویا|موردوویا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Мордовия}} <br /> [[موکشان دیلی|موکشانجا]]: Мордовия Pеспубликась <br /> [[ارزیان دیلی|ارزیانجا]]: Мордовия Республикась | [[سارانسک]] | [[موردوین‌لر]] | ۸۳۴٫۷۵۵ | {{Sort|00002586|{{Convert|26128|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۴-۱۲-۲۰<ref>{{Cite book|title=Stalin's Terror Revisited|last=Ilič|first=Melanie|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2006|isbn=978-0-230-59733-4|location=New York, United States|pages=164}}</ref> |- <!-- 18 ---> | [[File:Flag of North Ossetia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of North Ossetia–Alania|alt=Flag of North Ossetia–Alania]] | [[File:Map of Russia - North Ossetia (Alania).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing North Ossetia–Alania in Russia]] | [[شومالی اوستیا-آلانیا|شومالی اوستیا-آلانیا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Северная Осетия–Алания}} <br /> [[اوستین دیلی|اوستینجه]]: Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон–Алани | [[ولادی‌قفقاز]] | [[اوستین‌لر]] | ۷۱۲٫۹۸۰ | {{Sort|00013812|{{Convert|7987|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۶-۱۲-۰۵<ref name="Caucasus"/> |- <!-- 19 ---> | [[File:Flag of Sakha.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of the Sakha Republic|alt=Flag of the Sakha Republic]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Sakha (Yakutia) (Crimea disputed).svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing the Sakha Republic in Russia]] | [[ساخا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Саха}} <br /> [[ساخا تورکجه‌سی|ساخاجا]]: Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ | [[یاکوتسک]] | [[یاقوتلار]] | ۹۵۸٫۵۲۸ | {{Sort|00041543|{{Convert|3083523|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۲۲-۰۴-۲۷ |- <!-- 20 ---> | [[File:Flag of Tatarstan.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Tatarstan|alt=Flag of Tatarstan]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Tatarstan.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Tatarstan in Russia]] | [[تاتاریستان|تاتاریستان جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Татарстан}} <br /> [[تاتار تورکجه‌سی|تاتارجا]]: Татарстан Республикасы | [[قازان]] | [[تاتارلار]] | ۳٫۷۸۶٫۴۸۸ | {{Sort|00323802|{{Convert|67847|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۲۰-۰۶-۲۵<ref name="tatar-bashkir"/> |- <!-- 21 ---> | [[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Tuva|alt=Flag of Tuva]] | [[File:Map of Russia - Tuva.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Tuva in Russia]] | [[تووا|تووا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Республика Тыва}} <br /> [[تووا تورکجه‌سی|توواجا]]: Тыва Республика | [[کیزیل]] | [[تووا‌لار]] | ۳۰۷٫۹۳۰ | {{Sort|00312685|{{Convert|168604|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۶۱-۱۰-۱۰<ref name="Tuva"/> |- <!-- 22 ---> | [[File:Flag of Udmurtia.svg|border|centre|150px|link=Flag of Udmurtia|alt=Flag of Udmurtia]] | [[File:Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Udmurtia.svg|border|centre|150px|alt=Map showing Udmurtia in Russia]] | [[اودمورتیا|اودمورتیا جومهوریتی]] | {{Lang-ru| Удмуртская Республика}} <br /> [[اودمورت دیلی|اودمورتجا]]: Удмурт Элькун | [[ایژوسک]] | [[اودمورت‌لار]] | ۱٫۵۲۱٫۴۲۰ | {{Sort|00092090|{{Convert|42061|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}}} | ۱۹۳۴-۱۲-۲۸ |- | colspan="9"|'''آچیقلاما''': ۱. ۱۹۹۱–۲۰۰۰-جی ایللر آراسیندا [[چچن ایچکریا جومهوریتی]] اوْلاراق روسیه‌دن باغیمسیز شکیلده ایداره اوْلوندو. <br /> ۲. ۲۰۱۴-جی ایلده [[روسیه‌نین قیریمی ایلحاق ائتمه‌سی|قیریم روسیه فدراسیونونا ایلحاق ائدیلدی]]؛ بین الخالق ایجماعلارین اکثریتی طرفیندن [[اوکراین]]‌ین بیر حیصه‌سی کیمی تانینیر. |} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{روسیه‌نین ان اۆست دۆزئی ایداری بیریملری}} [[بؤلمه:روسیه جومهوریتلری]] 7z575g11wgpbd0ufs50vgyce260049c 0 592095 1590625 1590298 2026-07-15T06:34:12Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Wikipedia list article}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2015}} [[File:Map of USA States with names white.svg|350px|thumb|آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین ایالتلری آدلاری و سرحدلری ایله نقشه‌ده]] [[File:US states by date of statehood3.gif|350px|thumb|ایالتلرین قوشولماسینین سیراسی]] [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|بیرلشمیش ایالترین]] هر [[آمریکا ایالتلری|ایالتی]]، ۵۰ [[حاکیمیت]] تشکیلاتینین بیری دیر کی فئدیرال دوولتی تشکیل وئریر. [[آمریکالی‌لار|آمریکالیلار]] ایالتلر و فئدرال حوکومتین موشترک حاکمیتینه گوره، هم فئدرال جومهوریتین وطنداشلیغینا و هم ده یاشادیغی ایالتین وطنداشلیغینا صاحیبدیرلر.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Erler|first1=Edward|title=Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship|url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/14/essays/167/citizenship|publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/faq/faqtoc.aspx?subject=1 | title=Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature | publisher=[[Minnesota State Legislature]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |author=Kristin D. Burnett |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf |title=Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08) |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|last1=Elhauge|first1=Einer R.|title=Essays on Article II: Presidential Electors|url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/79/presidential-electors|publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Doctrine of the Equality of States|url=http://law.justia.com/constitution/us/article-4/22-doctrine-of-equality-of-states.html|website=Justia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book| last = Jensen| first = Merrill| title = The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781| url = https://archive.org/details/articlesofconfed0000jens| year = 1959| publisher = University of Wisconsin Press| isbn = 978-0-299-00204-6| pages = xi, 184 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Texas v. White 74 U.S. 700 (1868)|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/74/700/|website=Justia.com}}</ref> ==بیرلشمیش ایالترین ایالترلرینین لیستی== {|class="sortable wikitable" style="align:left" ! colspan=2 |ایالت ! تاریخ<br><small>(تصدیق یا قبول ائدیلدی)</small> ! class="unsortable" |یاراندی |- |data-sort-value="Delaware"|1 |{{بایراق|Delaware}} |{{dts|1787|12|07}}<ref name=JRVlist>{{cite book|last1=Vile|first1=John R.|title=The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America's Founding (Volume 1: A-M)|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-85109-669-8|page=658}}</ref><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Delaware Colony|Colony of Delaware]]{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | Also known as the "Three Lower Counties Upon Delaware". Delaware became a state on June 15, 1776, when the Delaware Assembly formally adopted a resolution declaring an end to Delaware's status as a colony of Great Britain and establishing the three counties as an independent state under the authority of "the Government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex Upon Delaware".<ref>{{cite web|title=Delaware Government|url=http://delaware.gov/topics/facts/gov.shtml|website=Delaware.gov|publisher=Government Information Center, Delaware Department of State|accessdate=2021-06-06|archivedate=2017-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109144723/https://delaware.gov/topics/facts/gov.shtml}}</ref>}} |- |data-sort-value="Pennsylvania"|2 |{{بایراق|Pennsylvania}} |{{dts|1787|12|12}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Overview of Pennsylvania History - 1776-1861: Independence to the Civil War|url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-history/1776-1861.html|website=PA.gov|publisher=Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission|accessdate=2021-06-06|archivedate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506072156/http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-history/1776-1861.html}}</ref><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Proprietary colony|Proprietary Province]] of [[Province of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |- |data-sort-value="New Jersey"|3 |{{بایراق|New Jersey}} |{{dts|1787|12|18}}<ref>{{cite web|title=1787 Convention Minutes|url=http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/doc1787conventionminutes.html|website=NJ.gov|publisher=[[Government of New Jersey|New Jersey Department of State]]}}</ref><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Crown Colony]] of [[Province of New Jersey|New Jersey]] |- |data-sort-value="Georgia"|4 |{{بایراق|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} |{{dts|1788|01|02}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Province of Georgia|Georgia]] |- |data-sort-value="Connecticut"|5 |{{بایراق|Connecticut}} |{{dts|1788|01|09}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: January 9|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan09.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Connecticut Colony|Connecticut]] |- |data-sort-value="Massachusetts"|6 |{{بایراق|Massachusetts}} |{{dts|1788|02|06}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Province of Massachusetts Bay|Massachusetts Bay]] |- |data-sort-value="Maryland"|7 |{{بایراق|Maryland}} |{{dts|1788|04|28}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Proprietary Province of [[Province of Maryland|Maryland]] |- |data-sort-value="South Carolina"|8 |{{بایراق|South Carolina}} |{{dts|1788|05|23}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Province of South Carolina|South Carolina]] |- |data-sort-value="New Hampshire"|9 |{{بایراق|New Hampshire}} |{{dts|1788|06|21}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Province of New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |- |data-sort-value="Virginia"|10 |{{بایراق|Virginia}} |{{dts|1788|06|25}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony and Dominion of [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]] |- |data-sort-value="New York"|11 |{{بایراق|New York}} |{{dts|1788|07|26}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: July 26|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul26.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Province of New York|New York]] |- |data-sort-value="North Carolina"|12 |{{بایراق|North Carolina}} | {{dts|1789|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 21|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov21.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Province of North Carolina|North Carolina]] |- |data-sort-value="Rhode Island"|13 |{{بایراق|Rhode Island}} |{{dts|1790|05|29}}<ref name=JRVlist/><br><small>(تصدیق ائدیلدی)</small> |Crown Colony of [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]] |- |data-sort-value="Vermont"|14 |{{بایراق|Vermont}} |{{dts|1791|03|04}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The 14th State|url=https://vermonthistory.org/explorer/vermont-stories/becoming-a-state/the-14th-state|website=Vermont History Explorer|publisher=Vermont Historical Society | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130530051452/https://vermonthistory.org/explorer/vermont-stories/becoming-a-state/the-14th-state |archive-date = 30 May 2013}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |{{Sort|Vermont|[[ورمونت جومهوریتی]]{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | Between 1749 and 1764 the provincial governor of [[Province of New Hampshire|New Hampshire]], [[Benning Wentworth]], issued approximately 135 grants for unoccupied land claimed by New Hampshire west of the [[Connecticut River]] (in what is today southern Vermont), territory that was also claimed by [[Province of New York|New York]]. The resulting "[[New Hampshire Grants]]" dispute led to the rise of the [[Green Mountain Boys]], and the later establishment of the Vermont Republic. New Hampshire's claim upon the land was extinguished in 1764 by [[Order in Council|royal order]] of [[اۆچونجو جوْرج]], and in 1790 the State of New York [[Cession|ceded]] its land claim to Vermont for 30,000 [[Spanish dollar|dollars]].}}}} |- |data-sort-value="Kentucky"|15 |{{بایراق|Kentucky}} |{{dts|1792|06|01}}<ref>{{cite web| title=Constitution Square State Historic Site| url=https://www.americanheritage.com/content/constitution-square-state-historic-site| website=americanheritage.com| publisher=American Heritage Publishing Co.| access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |Virginia ([[List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia#Kentucky|nine]] counties in its [[District of Kentucky]]{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | The [[Virginia General Assembly]] adopted legislation on December 18, 1789, separating its "District of Kentucky" from the rest of the State and approving its statehood.<ref name=GP>{{cite web|title=Official Name and Status History of the several States and U.S. Territories|url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/statehood.phtml|website=TheGreenPapers.com}}</ref>}}) |- |data-sort-value="Tennessee"|16 |{{بایراق|Tennessee}} |{{dts|1796|06|01}}<ref>{{cite web |title=State History Timeline |url=http://www.tn.gov/sos/symbols/timeline.htm |website=TN.gov |publisher=[[Government of Tennessee|Tennessee Department of State]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410130033/http://www.tn.gov/sos/symbols/timeline.htm |archive-date=April 10, 2016 |accessdate=2021-06-06 |archivedate=2016-04-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410130033/http://www.tn.gov/sos/symbols/timeline.htm }}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Southwest Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Ohio"|17 |{{بایراق|Ohio}} |{{dts|1803|03|01}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Blue |first=Frederick J. |title=The Date of Ohio Statehood |journal=Ohio Academy of History Newsletter |date=Autumn 2002 |url=http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911164131/http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |archive-date=September 11, 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911164131/http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |date=2010-09-11 }}</ref>{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | The exact date upon which Ohio became a state is unclear. On April 30, 1802, the [[7th United States Congress|7th Congress]] had passed an [[Act of Congress|act]] "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union" (Sess. 1, ch. 40, {{USStat|2|173}}). On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess. 2, ch. 7, {{USStat|2|201}}). Neither act, however, set a formal date of statehood. An official statehood date for Ohio was not set until 1953, when the [[83rd United States Congress|83rd Congress]] passed a [[Joint resolution]] "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union", ({{USStatute|83|204|67|407|1953|08|07}}) which designated March 1, 1803, as that date.<ref>[http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/explanation-ohio-statehood.phtml Clearing up the Confusion surrounding Ohio's Admission to Statehood]</ref>}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Northwest Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Louisiana"|18 |{{بایراق|Louisiana}} |{{dts|1812|04|30}}<ref>{{cite web|title=About Louisiana: quick facts|url=http://louisiana.gov/Explore/About_Louisiana/|website=louisiana.gov|access-date=June 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324052614/http://louisiana.gov/Explore/About_Louisiana/|archive-date=March 24, 2013|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-06-06|archivedate=2013-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324052614/http://louisiana.gov/Explore/About_Louisiana/}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |{{Sort|Orleans|[[Territory of Orleans]]}} |- |data-sort-value="Indiana|19 |{{بایراق|Indiana}} |{{dts|1816|12|11}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Indiana Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Mississippi"|20 |{{بایراق|Mississippi}} |{{dts|1817|12|10}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ms200.org/|title=Welcome from the Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission|publisher=Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission|access-date=February 16, 2017|accessdate=2021-06-06|archivedate=2017-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217064047/http://ms200.org/}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Mississippi Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Illinois"|21 |{{بایراق|Illinois}} | {{dts|1818|12|03}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: December 3|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec03.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Illinois Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Alabama"|22 |{{بایراق|Alabama}} | {{dts|1819|12|14}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Alabama History Timeline: 1800-1860|url=http://www.archives.alabama.gov/timeline/al1801.html|website=alabama.gov|access-date=June 15, 2016}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> | [[Alabama Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Maine"|23 |{{بایراق|Maine}} |{{dts|1820|03|15}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: March 15|url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar15.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |Massachusetts ([[District of Maine]]{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | The [[Massachusetts General Court]] passed enabling legislation on June 19, 1819, separating the "District of Maine" from the rest of the State (an action approved by the voters in Maine on July 19, 1819, by 17,001 to 7,132); then, on February 25, 1820, passed a follow-up measure officially accepting the fact of Maine's imminent statehood.<ref name=GP/>}}) |- |data-sort-value="Missouri"|24 |{{بایراق|Missouri}} |{{dts|1821|08|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: August 10|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug10.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Missouri Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Arkansas"|25 |{{بایراق|Arkansas}} |{{dts|1836|06|15}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: June 15|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun15.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> | [[Arkansas Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Michigan"|26 |{{بایراق|Michigan}} |{{dts|1837|01|26}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: January 26|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan26.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Michigan Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Florida"|27 |{{بایراق|Florida}} |{{dts|1845|03|03}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Florida Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Texas"|28 |{{بایراق|Texas}} |{{dts|1845|12|29}}<ref>{{cite web| author=<!--History.com editors; no by-line.-->| url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/texas-enters-the-union| title=Texas enters the Union| work=This Day In History| date=March 4, 2010| publisher=A&E Television Networks| access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |{{Sort|Texas|[[تکزاس جومهوریتی]]}} |- |data-sort-value="Iowa"|29 |{{بایراق|Iowa}} |{{dts|1846|12|28}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Iowa Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Wisconsin"|30 |{{بایراق|Wisconsin}} |{{dts|1848|05|29}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: May 29|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may29.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Wisconsin Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="California"|31 |{{بایراق|California}} |{{dts|1850|09|09}}<ref>{{cite web|title=California Admission Day September 9, 1850|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23856|website=CA.gov|publisher=California Department of Parks and Recreation}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |''Unorganized territory''{{\}}[[Mexican Cession]] (part){{Refn| group = lower-alpha |Most of the region ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848, following the [[Bear Flag Revolt]] and the [[مکزیک-آمریکا ساواشی]], had been the Mexican Department of [[Alta California]]. The Act of Congress establishing California as the 31st state was part of the [[Compromise of 1850]].}} |- |data-sort-value="Minnesota"|32 |{{بایراق|Minnesota}} |{{dts|1858|05|11}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: May 11|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may11.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Minnesota Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Oregon"|33 |{{بایراق|Oregon}} |{{dts|1859|02|14}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Oregon Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Kansas"|34 |{{بایراق|Kansas}} |{{dts|1861|01|29}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: January 29|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Kansas Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="West Virginia"|35 |{{بایراق|West Virginia}} |{{dts|1863|06|20}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: June 20|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun20.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |Virginia ([[List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia#West Virginia|50]] Trans-[[Allegheny Mountains|Allegheny]] region counties{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | On May 13, 1862, the General Assembly of the [[Restored Government of Virginia]] passed an act granting permission for creation of West Virginia.<ref>{{cite web|title=A State of Convenience: The Creation of West Virginia, Chapter Twelve, Reorganized Government of Virginia Approves Separation|url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/statehood12.html|website=Wvculture.org|publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History|accessdate=2021-06-06|archivedate=2010-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407100928/http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/statehood12.html}}</ref> Later, by its ruling in ''[[Virginia v. West Virginia]]'' (1871), the Supreme Court implicitly affirmed that the breakaway Virginia counties did have the proper consents necessary to become a separate state.<ref>{{cite web|title= Virginia v. West Virginia 78 U.S. 39 (1870)|url= https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/78/39/case.html|website=Justia.com}}</ref>}}) |- |data-sort-value="Nevada"|36 |{{بایراق|Nevada}} |{{dts|1864|10|31}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Nevada Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Nebraska"|37 |{{بایراق|Nebraska}} |{{dts|1867|03|01}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Nebraska Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Colorado"|38 |{{بایراق|Colorado}} |{{dts|1876|08|01}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: August 1|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug01.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Colorado Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="North Dakota"|39 |{{بایراق|North Dakota}} |{{dts|1889|11|02}}<ref name=39&40>{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 2|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov02.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref>{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | name="twins"| Brought into existence within moments of each other on the same day, North and South Dakota are the nation's only twin-born states. Before signing the statehood papers, President [[بنجامین هریسون]] shuffled the papers so that no one would know which became a state first. By custom, North Dakota is commonly recognized as the 39th state and South Dakota as the 40th, as "n" precedes "s" in the alphabet.<ref>{{cite news| last1=MacPherson| first1=James| last2=Burbach| first2=Kevin| title=At 125 years of Dakotas statehood, rivalry remains| newspaper=[[The Bismarck Tribune]]| agency=[[آسوشیتد پرس]]| date=November 2, 2014| url=https://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/article_5bb77c84-6249-11e4-a5c4-73e0e38f67ba.html| access-date=June 29, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Stein, Mark (2008). "How the States Got Their Shapes," Smithsonian Books/Harper Collins, p. 256.</ref>}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Dakota Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="South Dakota"|40 |{{بایراق|South Dakota}} |{{dts|1889|11|02}}<ref name=39&40/>{{Refn| group = lower-alpha | name="twins"}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Dakota Territory]] (part) |- |data-sort-value="Montana"|41 |{{بایراق|Montana}} |{{dts|1889|11|08}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Montana|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains|publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln|url=http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.pg.049|editor-last=Wishart|editor-first=David J.|access-date=February 15, 2017}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Montana Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Washington"|42 |{{بایراق|Washington}} |{{dts|1889|11|11}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 11|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov11.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Washington Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Idaho"|43 |{{بایراق|Idaho}} |{{dts|1890|07|03}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Idaho Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Wyoming"|44 |{{بایراق|Wyoming}} |{{dts|1890|07|10}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Wyoming Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Utah"|45 |{{بایراق|Utah}} |{{dts|1896|01|04}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Struggle For Statehood Chronology|url=http://www.historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/statehood_and_the_progressive_era/struggleforstatehoodchronology.html|last=Thatcher|first=Linda|website=historytogo.utah.gov|date=2016|publisher=State of Utah|accessdate=2021-06-06|archivedate=2016-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420100616/http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/statehood_and_the_progressive_era/struggleforstatehoodchronology.html}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Utah Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Oklahoma"|46 |{{بایراق|Oklahoma}} |{{dts|1907|11|16}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Today in History: November 16|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov16.html|website=loc.gov|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Oklahoma Territory]] and [[Indian Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="New Mexico"|47 |{{بایراق|New Mexico}} |{{dts|1912|01|06}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[New Mexico Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Arizona"|48 |{{بایراق|Arizona}} |{{dts|1912|02|14}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |[[Arizona Territory]] |- |data-sort-value="Alaska"|49 |{{بایراق|Alaska}} |{{dts|1959|01|03}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |{{Sort|Alaska|[[Territory of Alaska]]}} |- |data-sort-value="Hawaii"|50 |{{بایراق|Hawaii}} |{{dts|1959|08|21}}<br><small>(قبول ائدیلدی)</small> |{{Sort|Hawaii|[[Territory of Hawaii]]}} |} ==کونفئدراسیون ماده‌لرینین تصدیق تاریخی== کونفئدراسیون ماده‌لرینین تصدیق تاریخینین باشلانیش زامانلاری آشاغاداکی کیمی دیر.<ref>{{cite book| last = Rodgers| first = Paul| title = United States Constitutional Law: An Introduction| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WUOXmAEACAAJ&pg=PA109| year = 2011| publisher = McFarland| isbn = 978-0-7864-6017-5| page = 109 }}</ref> {|class="sortable wikitable" style="align:left" ! colspan=2 | ایالت ! تاریخ |- | {{Sort|13|1}} | [[File:Seal of Virginia.svg|30px]] [[ویرجینیا ایالتی]] | {{dts|1777|12|16}} |- | {{Sort|12|2}} | [[File:Seal of South Carolina.svg|30px]] [[جنوبی کارولینا ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|02|05}} |- | {{Sort|08|3}} | [[File:Seal of New York.svg|30px]] [[نیویورک ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|02|06}} |- | {{Sort|11|4}} | [[File:Seal of Rhode Island (pre 2022).svg|30px]] [[رود آیلند ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|02|09}} |- | {{Sort|01|5}} | [[File:Seal of Connecticut.svg|26px]] [[کانتیکت ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|02|12}} |- | {{Sort|03|6}} | [[File:Seal of Georgia.svg|30px]] [[جورجیا ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|02|26}} |- | {{Sort|06|7}} | [[File:Seal of New Hampshire.svg|30px]] [[نیوهمپشایر ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|03|04}} |- | {{Sort|10|8}} | [[File:Seal of Pennsylvania.svg|30px]] [[پنسیلوانیا ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|03|05}} |- | {{Sort|05|9}} | [[File:Seal of Massachusetts.svg|30px]] [[ماساچوست ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|03|10}} |- | {{Sort|09|10}} | [[File:Seal of North Carolina.svg|30px]] [[شومالی کارولینا ایالتی]] | {{dts|1778|04|05}} |- | {{Sort|07|11}} | [[File:Seal of New Jersey.svg|30px]] [[نیوجرسی]] | {{dts|1778|11|19}} |- | {{Sort|02|12}} | [[File:Seal of Delaware.svg|30px]] [[دلاویر ایالتی]] | {{dts|1779|02|01}} |- | {{Sort|04|13}} | [[File:Seal of Maryland (reverse).svg|30px]] [[مریلند ایالتی]] | {{dts|1781|02|02}} |} ==نوتلار== {{Notelist}} ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} ==لینکلر== {{Sister project links|statehood}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-states |title= U.S. States Videos |publisher= History.com}} * {{cite web |url= http://www.50states.com/statehood.htm |title= Dates of statehood |publisher= 50states.com}} {{Portal bar|شومالی آمریکا|بیرلشمیش ایالتلر}} {{DEFAULTSORT:States By Date Of Admission To The Union, List Of U.S.}} [[Category:Lists of states of the United States|Date Of Admission To The Union]] [[Category:United States geography-related lists]] [[Category:United States history-related lists]] [[Category:United States history timelines]] mtp45exc40jiqutilw3uexlllbwec1a 0 592444 1590756 1587172 2026-07-15T11:27:12Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox war faction |name = طالیبان |native_name = طالبان |native_name_lang = ps |war = |image = Flag of Taliban.svg{{!}}border |image_size = 260px |image_alt = The Shahada written in black on a white background. |caption = طالیبانین بایراغی |leaders = {{plainlist| * [[محمد عمر]] (قوروجو، ۱۹۹۴–۲۰۱۳) * [[عبدالغنی برادر]] (قوروجو) * [[اختر منصور]]{{KIA}} (۲۰۱۵–۲۰۱۶) * [[هبت‌الله آخوندزاده]] (۲۰۱۶–گۆنۆمۆز) }} |clans = اساساً [[پوشتون‌لار]]؛<ref name="Giustozzi">{{cite book|last=Giustozzi|first=Antonio|title=Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70112-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249 249]|url=https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249}}</ref><ref name="Clements0">{{cite book|last=Clements|first=Frank A.|title=Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict)|url=https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-402-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866/page/n257 219]}}</ref> افغانیستانین قوزئینده بعضی [[تاجیک‌لر]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/the-non-pashtun-taleban-of-the-north-a-case-study-from-badakhshan/|title=The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network|website=www.Afghanistan-Analysts.org|date=3 January 2017|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> |ideology = * [[ایسلامی فاندامنتالیزم]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences|first=Michael|last=Whine|date=1 September 2001|journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions|volume=2|issue=2|pages=54–72|doi=10.1080/714005450|s2cid=146940668}}</ref><ref>Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14">{{cite book|last=Maley|first=William|title=Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6|year=2001|publisher=C Hurst & Co|isbn=978-1-85065-360-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6/page/14 14]}}</ref><ref name=Turbulent>{{cite book|last1=Ogata|first1=Sadako N.|title=The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s|date=2005|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada/page/286 286]|url=https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada|url-access=registration|isbn=978-0-393-05773-7}}</ref><ref name=Melissa>{{cite news|last1=McNamara|first1=Melissa|title=The Taliban In Afghanistan|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-taliban-in-afghanistan/|access-date=5 June 2016|agency=CBS|date=31 August 2006}}</ref> * [[دیوبندی]] [[ایسلامچی‌لیق]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009|title=Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups?|date=1 April 2013|website=www.digitaljournal.com}}</ref><ref>Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895|title=Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|accessdate=2021-08-17|archivedate=2014-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812202550/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895}}</ref> * [[دینی میلتچی‌لیک]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Afghan Taliban |url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |website=National Counterterrorism Center |access-date=7 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509205345/http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |archive-date=9 May 2015 }}</ref> * [[پشتونوالی]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com"/><ref>Rashid, ''Taliban'' (2000)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109110349/http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2010 |title=Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=Csis.org |date=19 October 2010 |access-date=18 August 2014 |accessdate=2021-08-17 |archivedate=2014-10-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021134341/http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |title=Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code |publisher=CF2R |date=30 November 2013 |access-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810020924/http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |archive-date=10 August 2014 |accessdate=2021-08-17 |archivedate=2014-08-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810020924/http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php }}</ref> |active = {{plainlist| * ۱۹۹۴–۱۹۹۶ ([[#Origin|میلیس]]) * ۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۱ ([[افغانیستان ایسلام امیرلیگی (۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۱)|۱-جی حؤکومت]]) * ۲۰۰۲–۲۰۲۱ ([[طالیبان عیصیانی|عیصیان]]) * ۲۰۲۱– ([[افغانیستان|۲-جی حؤکومت]])}} |headquarters = [[قندهار]]، [[افغانیستان]] (۱۹۹۴–۲۰۰۱؛ ۲۰۲۱–گۆنوموز) |area = [[File:Panjshir conflict.png|230px]]<div style="text-align: left;"> {{legend|#d7efd7|[[طالیبان]] کوْنتروْلو آلتیندا}} {{legend|#a9a8e3|[[افغانیستان میللی قارشیلیق جبهه‌سی|پنجشیر قارشیلیغی]] کوْنتروْلو آلتیندا}}</div> |strength = {{plainlist| * ۴۵٫۰۰۰ (۲۰۰۱)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance |work=US Gov Info |publisher=About.com |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=2016-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-08-17 |archivedate=2016-01-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm }}</ref> * ۱۱٫۰۰۰ (۲۰۰۸)<ref>[http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110234907/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html |date=10 January 2015 }}. Retrieved 24 August 2010.</ref> * ۳۶٫۰۰۰ (۲۰۱۰)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece |location=London |work=The Times |title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000 |date=3 March 2010 |first1=Fiona |last1=Hamilton |first2=Sam |last2=Coates |first3=Michael |last3=Savage |access-date=2021-08-17 |archivedate=2011-06-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629112437/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece }}</ref> * ۶۰٫۰۰۰ (۲۰۱۴)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |title=Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency |work=Voice of America |publisher=Akmal Dawi |access-date=17 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703023519/http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |archive-date=3 July 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-08-17 |archivedate=2016-08-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803073608/http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html }}</ref> * ۲۰۰٫۰۰۰ (۲۰۱۷)<ref name="2021number">{{Cite web|date=14 January 2021|title=Afghanistan’s Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/|access-date=14 August 2021|website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|archive-date=2021-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-08-17|archivedate=2021-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/}}</ref>}} * ۷۵٫۰۰۰ (۲۰۲۱)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html</ref><ref>https://www.ft.com/content/e09cb768-967c-40da-a3c6-95573cff1f55</ref> |allies = '''دؤولتلر''' {{plainlist| * {{flag|Pakistan}} (۲۰۰۱-جی ایله قدر آچیق شکیلده، ایندی سوچلو، رد ائتدی)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/367|title=The Taliban – Mapping Militant Organizations|website=web.stanford.edu|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[New York Times]]|title=Taliban Leader Feared Pakistan Before He Was Killed |date=9 August 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/09/world/asia/taliban-leader-feared-pakistan-before-he-was-killed.html}}</ref> * {{flag|Qatar}} (سوچلو)<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar's Dirty Hands|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/450093/qatar-supports-islamists-threatens-american-middle-east-allies|date=3 August 2017|work=[[National Review]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[Pajhwok Afghan News]]|date=7 August 2017|url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2017/08/07/saudi-has-evidence-qatar-supports-taliban-envoy|title=Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy}}</ref><ref name="Scroll"/> * {{flag|Iran}} (سوچلو ۲۰۲۱-جی ایله قدر)<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Middle East Institute]]|title=Iranian Support for Taliban Alarms Afghan Officials|date=9 January 2017|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-support-taliban-alarms-afghan-officials|quote=Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Iran Backs Taliban With Cash and Arms| url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-backs-taliban-with-cash-and-arms-1434065528| website = The Wall Street Journal | date = 11 June 2015| access-date = 13 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran Closes Consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif as Fighting Escalates in Northern Afghanistan - Politics news|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2021/08/13/2553606/iran-closes-consulate-in-mazar-i-sharif-as-fighting-escalates-in-northern-afghanistan|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Tasnim News Agency|language=en}}</ref> * {{flag|China}} (سوچلو)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/03/chinas-man-in-the-taliban-mullah-omar/ |title=China's Man in the Taliban |last=Small |first=Andrew |date=23 August 2015 |work=[[Foreign Policy]] Argument |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6975934.stm |title=Taleban 'getting Chinese arms' |last=Danahar |first=Paul |date=3 September 2007 |work=[[BBC]] |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> * {{flag|Russia}} (آمریکا طرفیندن سوچلاندی، رد ائتدی)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41842285|title=Is Russia arming the Afghan Taliban?|work=BBC News|date=April 2018}}</ref> * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} (سوچلو ۲۰۱۳-جی ایله قدر)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/09/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-turn-away-from-the-taliban/|title=What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?|first=Samuel Ramani, The|last=Diplomat|website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref name="Scroll">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/862284/why-did-saudi-arabia-and-qatar-allies-of-the-us-continue-to-fund-the-taliban-after-the-2001-war|title=Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?|work=scroll.in|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> }} '''غئیر دؤولتلر''' {{plainlist| * [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[حقانی شبکه‌سی]] * [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[القاعده]] *{{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[طیبه لشکری]] *{{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[جیش محمد]] *{{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[حرکت المجاهدین]] * [[File:Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg|25px]] [[پاکیستان طالیبان حرکتی]] (۲۰۰۴–۲۰۰۷، ۲۰۰۹، ۲۰۱۷–)<ref name="rediff Baitullah Mehsud Taliban governor">{{cite web |last1=Shehzad |first1=Mohammad |title=Why is the Pakistan army scared of this man? |url=https://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/10pspec.htm |website=in.rediff.com |publisher=[[rediff]] |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216105921/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/10pspec.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |date=10 March 2006 |quote=[[Baitullah Mehsud|Baitullah]] was appointed as [[Mullah Omar]]'s governor of the Mehsud tribe in a special ceremony attended by five leading Taliban commanders}}</ref><ref name="nyt - 3/26/2009 - pakistan and afghan taliban close ranks">{{cite web |last1=Gall |first1=Carlotta |title=Pakistan and Afghan Taliban Close Ranks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=14 December 2020 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |date=26 March 2009 |quote=The Afghan Taliban delegation urged the Pakistani Taliban leaders to settle their internal differences, scale down their activities in Pakistan and help counter the planned increase of American forces in Afghanistan, the fighters said.}}</ref><ref name="PIPS Noor Wali Mehsud">{{cite web |last1=Zahid |first1=Farhan |title=Profile of New TTP Chief Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud: Challenges and Implications |url=https://www.pakpips.com/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Profile-of-New-TTP-Chief-Mufti-Noor-Wali-Mehsud-Challenges-and-Implications.pdf |website=pakpips.com |publisher=Pak Institute for Peace Studies |access-date=14 December 2020 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |page=4 |date=15 April 2019 |quote=According to Mehsud, the real jihad is against US forces in occupied Afghanistan to restore the Islamic Emirate while using tribal areas of Pakistan as base of operations and safe haven for both Taliban and Al-Qaeda. He further explains the goals and aims of the jihadi movement as: maintaining the independent status for Mehsud tribe, defeating the US in Afghanistan, establishing caliphate in Afghanistan |accessdate=2021-08-17 |archivedate=2021-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705203119/https://www.pakpips.com/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Profile-of-New-TTP-Chief-Mufti-Noor-Wali-Mehsud-Challenges-and-Implications.pdf }}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Tnsm-flag.svg|25px}} [[نفاذ شریعت محمدی حرکتی]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin.svg|25px}} [[گلبدین ایسلامی حیزبی]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Afghan militant fighters 'may join Islamic State'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29009125 |work=BBC News|date=2 September 2014|access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> <small>(۲۰۱۶دان)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/afghanistan-ghani-hekmatyar-sign-peace-deal-160929092524754.html |title=Afghanistan: Ghani, Hekmatyar sign peace deal|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=29 September 2016}}</ref> * [[File:Islamic State flag.svg|25px]] [[اؤزبکیستان ایسلامی حرکتی]] <small>(آنتی-[[داعش]] قروپو)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.dw.com/en/why-central-asian-states-want-peace-with-the-taliban/a-43150911|title=Why Central Asian states want peace with the Taliban|date=27 March 2018|work=DW News|quote="Taliban have assured Russia and Central Asian countries that it would not allow any group, including the IMU, to use Afghan soil against any foreign state," Muzhdah said.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/islamic-movement-of-uzbekistan-faction-emerges-after-groups-collapse.php|title=Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan faction emerges after group's collapse|work=Long War Journal|first1=Bill|last1=Roggio|first2=Caleb|last2=Weiss|date=14 June 2016|access-date=6 August 2017}}</ref> }} |international = {{cslist|[[پاکیستان]]|[[سعودی عربیستان]]|[[ایمارات]]}} |opponents = '''دؤولتلر'''{{plainlist| * {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1992–2001).svg}} [[افغانیستان ایسلام دؤولتی]] <small>(۱۹۹۴–۲۰۰۲)</small> * {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2002–2004).svg}} [[افغانیستان گئچیش یؤنتیمی]] <small>(۲۰۰۲–۲۰۰۴)</small> * {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[افغانیستان ایسلام جومهوریتی]] <small>(۲۰۰۴–۲۰۲۱)</small><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25922743 |title=Rare look at Afghan National Army's Taliban fight |work=BBC News |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|United States}} <small>(۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۱)</small> * {{flag|NATO}} <small>(۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۱)</small><ref>{{cite{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/12/20121224051624851.html |title=Taliban attack NATO base in Afghanistan – Central & South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref> }} '''غئیر دؤولتلر''' {{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[داعش – خوراسان اوستانی]]<ref>{{cite web|title=ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213191753/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other| url =http://www.khaama.com/isis-taliban-announced-jihad-against-each-other-3206| website = Khaama Press| date = 20 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'| url =http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/130420151| website = Rudaw| date = 13 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015 }}</ref> * [[File:Islamic State flag.svg|25px]] [[اؤزبکیستان ایسلامی حرکتی]] <small>([[داعش]]‌‌‌‌ین مۆتفیق قروپو)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2019/05/05/taliban-say-gap-narrowing-in-talks-with-us-over-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/|title=Taliban say gap narrowing in talks with US over Afghanistan troop withdrawal|date=5 May 2019|work=Military Times}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jamiat-e Islami.svg|25px}} [[جمعیت ایسلامی]]<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web| title =Afghanistan's warlord vice-president spoiling for a fight with the Taliban| url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/04/afghan-vice-president-militia-taliban-general-dostum| website = The Guardian| date = 4 August 2015}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1978).svg|25px}} [[افغانیستان میلی ایسلام حرکتی]]<ref name="theguardian.com"/> * {{flagicon image|flag of Hezbe Wahdat.svg|25px}} [[افغانیستان ایسلامی بیرلیک حیزبی]]<ref>Ibrahimi, Niamatullah. 2009. "Divide and Rule: State Penetration in Hazarajat (Afghanistan) from Monarchy to the Taliban", ''Crisis States Working Papers'' (Series 2) 42, London: Crisis States Research Centre, LSE</ref>}} |battles = * [[افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی (۱۹۹۲–۱۹۹۶)]] * [[تاجیکیستان ایچ ساواشی|تاجیکیستان ایچ ساواشی (۱۹۹۲–۱۹۹۷)]]<ref name="google">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96|title=Tajikistan in the New Central Asia|isbn=9781845112936|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116011515/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96|archive-date=16 January 2016|url-status=live|last1=Jonson|first1=Lena|date=25 August 2006}}</ref> * [[افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی (۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۱)]] * [[افغانیستان ساواشی (۲۰۰۱–گۆنوموز)]] ** [[افغانیستاندا طالیبان–داعیش آتیشمالاری]] ** [[۲۰۲۱ طالیبان هوجومو]] |predecessor ={{flagicon image|Flag of the Jamiat Ulema-e Islam.svg|25px}} [[علما ایسلام جمعیتی]] |successor = {{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} [[افغانیستان ایسلام امیرلیگی (۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۱)|افغانیستان ایسلام امیرلیگی]] }} '''طالیبان''' یوْخسا '''طالیبلر''' ([[پشتو دیلی|پشتوجا]]: طالبان)<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/Taliban |accessdate=2021-08-18 |archivedate=2021-08-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816092514/https://www.lexico.com/definition/taliban }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of TALIBAN|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Taliban|access-date=2021-07-08|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref>، [[افغانیستان]]دا چوْخونلوغو [[پوشتون‌لار]]دان اوْلان بیر [[دیوبندی]] [[ایسلامچی‌لیق|ایسلامچی]] حرکت و سیلاحلی تشکیلات دیر. طالیبلر اؤزلرینه '''افغانیستان ایسلام امیرلیگی'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/06/21/us-welcomes-qatar-decision-taliban-name-change.html|title=US welcomes Qatar decision on Taliban name change|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> آد وئریب، اؤلکه‌ده ساواش (یوْخسا [[جیهاد]]) دوام ائتدیرمکده دیلر.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2001/Deobandi_Islam.pdf|website=Globalsecurity.org}}</ref><ref name="Barnett Rubin">{{cite book|url=http://cic.nyu.edu/news_commentary/isil-wont-get-very-far-afghanistan-now|first=Barnett|last=Rubin|title=article|publisher=published by the [[Center on International Cooperation]] 2 November 2015 (originally published within [[Al Jazeera]])|access-date=11 November 2015|archive-date=2021-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816002912/https://cic.nyu.edu/news_commentary/isil-wont-get-very-far-afghanistan-now|url-status=dead}}("...The Taliban ... have repeatedly said that their jihad is limited to their own country...")</ref> ۲۰۲۱-جی ایلده ساواشچیلاری‌نین ۷۵٫۰۰۰ اوْلدوغو تخمین ویریلیر.<ref name="2021number">{{Cite web|date=14 January 2021|title=Afghanistan’s Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/|access-date=14 August 2021|website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|archive-date=2021-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-08-17|archivedate=2021-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/}}</ref> طالیبان, ۱۹۹۶دان ۲۰۰۱ه قدر، افغانیستانین دؤرد دن اۆچۆنه حؤکم ائتمیش و [[شریعت]]ین قاتی تفسیرینی کئچیرمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite book |last=Matinuddin |first=Kamal |title=The Taliban phenomenon : Afghanistan 1994-1997 |url=https://archive.org/details/talibanphenomeno00mati |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Karachi, Pakistan |isbn=0-19-579274-2}}</ref> ۱۹۹۴-جی ایلدن [[افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی (۱۹۹۲–۱۹۹۶)|افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی‌]]نین اؤنده گلن قروپلاریندان بیری اوْلاراق اوْرتایا چیخمیشدی<ref>http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/367</ref> و بؤیوک اؤلچوده افغانیستانین دوْغو و گونئیندکی [[پوشتون‌لار|پوشتون]] بؤلگه‌لریندکی ایسلامی مدرسه‌لرده تحصیل گؤرمۆش و [[افغانیستان ساواشی (۱۹۷۹-۱۹۸۹)|افغانیستان-شوروی ساواشی]]ندا ساواشمیش اؤیرنجیلردن (طلبه) عیبارت ایدی.<ref name="web.archive.org">https://web.archive.org/web/20081102042606/http://www.hrw.org/reports98/afghan/Afrepor0-01.htm</ref> [[محمد عمر]]ین رهبرلیک ائتدیگی حرکت، موجاهید رهبرلریندن آلدیغی گوجله افغانیستانین چوْخ بؤلگه‌سینه یاییلدی. ۱۹۹۶-جی ایلده [[توتالیتاریزیم]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Whine |last=Whine |title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences |work=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |date=September 2001 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=54–72 |doi=10.1080/714005450}}</ref> [[افغانیستان ایسلام امیرلیغی]] قورولدو و افغانیستانین باشکندی [[قندهار]]ا کؤچ ائدیلدی. [[۱۱ سپتامبر حمله‌لری]]نین آردیندان دسامبر ۲۰۰۱دن آمریکا افغانیستانا مۆداخیله‌سی ایله [[افغانیستان ایسلام امیرلیغی]] یؽخیلانا قدر اؤلکه‌نین چوْخ حیسه‌سینی نظارت آلتینا آلدی. ان گوجلو دؤنملرینده، طالیبان حؤکومتی دیپلوماتیک اوْلاراق یالنیز [[پاکیستان]]، [[سعودی عربیستان]] و [[ایمارات]] طرفیندن تانیندی. قروپ داها سوْنرا [[افغانیستان ساواشی (۲۰۰۱–گۆنوموز)|افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی]]ندا آمریکا دستکلی [[حامد کرزای]] یؤنتیمینه و ناتو دستکلی [[بین الخالق تهلوکه‌سیزلیگه دستک گوجلری]]نه قارشی بیر دیرنیش حرکتی اوْلاراق یئنی‌دن بیر آرایا گلدی. طالیبان، بیر چوْخ افغانلا سرت رفتارلا نتیجه‌لنن شریعت شرحلرینه گؤره بین الخالق سویه‌ده قیناندی.<ref>{{cite book |last=Skaine |first=Rosemarie |title=The women of Afghanistan under the Taliban |url=https://archive.org/details/womenofafghanist0000skai_p3x5 |date=2002 |publisher=McFarland |location=Jefferson, N.C. |isbn=978-0-7864-1090-3}}</ref> ۱۹۹۶–۲۰۰۱-جی ایللرده حاکیمیتی دؤورونده طالیبان و مۆتفیق‌لری افغانیستان وطنداشلارینا قارشی قیرغینلار تؤرتدیلر، [[بیرلشمیش میلتلر قورومو]]نون آجلیقدان اذیت چکن ۱۶۰٫۰۰۰ مۆلکی اهالی‌نین ارذاق تعمیناتینا مانع اوْلدولار و گئنیش و برکتلی توْپراقلاری [[یاندیریلمیش توپراق تاکتیکی‌]]نه اویغون اوْلاراق اوْن‌مینلرله ائوی محو ائتدیلر.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20021118162327/http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/massacre.htm</ref> افغانیستانی ایداره ائدرکن، طالیبان اینسانلاری و یا دیگر جانلی‌لاری تصویر ائدن شکیل‌لری<ref>https://www.rferl.org/a/1098240.html</ref> و فیلملری<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2012/11/26/165944525/afghanistans-love-of-the-big-screen</ref> و آلتی اوْلان موسیقی‌لری<ref>https://www.rferl.org/a/British_Ethnomusicologist_Discusses_Talibans_Campaign_Against_Musicians/1753865.html</ref> قدغن ائتدی، قادینلارین مدرسه‌یه گئتمه‌سینی،<ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/04/afghanistan-taliban-girls-schools/</ref> قادینلارین باشقا ایشلرده ایشلمه‌سینی قدغن ائتدی<ref>https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/uncategorized/a-woman-among-warlords-womens-rights-in-the-taliban-and-post-taliban-eras/66/</ref> و قادینلارین کیشی قوْهومو ایله چؤله چیخماسینی قدغن ائدیب و قادینلاری [[بورقا]] تاخماسینا مجبور ائتدی.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-women-bankers-forced-roles-taliban-takes-control-2021-08-13/</ref> موعین قایدالاری پوْزان قادینلار آچیق شکیلده دؤیولور و یا اعدام ائدیلدی.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-adultery-idUSKCN0R13UE20150901</ref> طالیبان حاکیمیتی دؤورونده دینی و ائتنیک آزلیقلارا آغیر بیر شکیلده آیری سئچکیلیک ائدیلدی. [[بیرلشمیش میلتلر قورومو]]نون معلوماتینا گؤره، ۲۰۱۰-جو ایلده افغانیستاندا مۆلکی شخصلرین اؤلومونون ۷۶٪-نی، ۲۰۱۱ و ۲۰۱۲-جی ایللرده ایسه ۸۰٪-نی طالیبان و مۆتفیق‌لری تؤردیب دیر.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110726085402/http://unama.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1783&ctl=Details&mid=1882&ItemID=12602</ref> [[مدنی سوْی‌قیریم]]لادا مشغول اوْلان طالیبان، [[بامیان بودا هئیکللری‌|بامیانین ۱۵۰۰ ایللیک بودا هئیکللری‌]]‌‌ده داخیل اوْلماقلا بیر چوْخ عابیده‌نی محو ائتدی. <ref>https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/ga9858.doc.htm</ref> طالیبان ایدئولوژی‌سی؛ دیوبندی [[فاندامنتالیزم]]ی ایله مۆباریز ایسلامچی‌لیقین<ref>{{cite book |last=Rashid |first=Ahmed |title=Taliban : militant Islam, oil, and fundamentalism in Central Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/talibanmilitanti0000rash_a5f7 |date=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=978-0-300-08340-8}}</ref>، پشتونوالی کیمی تانینان پوشتون سوسیال و مدنی نوْرمالاری ایله بیرلشدیرمه‌سینه اساس لانان "یئنی" شریعت قانونو فوْرمو کیمی تصویر ائدیلمیشدیر.<ref>{{cite book |title=Decoding the new Taliban : insights from the Afghan field |url=https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto |date=2009 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-231-70112-9}}</ref> بین الخالق بیرلیکلر و [[افغانیستان ایسلام جومهوریتی|افغانیستان حؤکومتی]]؛ تئز تئز پاکیستانین [[خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات]] و [[پاکیستان سیلاحلی گوجلری|اوْردوسونو]]، قورولدوقلاری مۆددت‌ده، ایقتیداردا و موقاویمت مۆددتینده طالیبانا دستک وئرمک‌ده سوچلامیش دیلار.<ref name="hrw.org">https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/afghan2/Afghan0701-02.htm</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/karzai-criticizes-pakistan-for-supporting-terrorists/2011/10/03/gIQAWABWIL_story.html</ref> پاکیستان ایسه [[۱۱ سپتامبر حمله‌لری]]ندن سوْنرا قروپا دستکی دایاندیردیغی‌نی بیان ائتدی. ۲۰۰۱-جی ایلده [[القاعده]] رهبری [[اسامه بن لادن‌]]‌‌‌‌ین کوْماندانلیغی آلتیندا ۲۵۰۰ عربین طالیبان اۆچون دؤیوشدوگو بیلدیریلدی<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/1340244/Afghanistan-resistance-leader-feared-dead-in-blast.html</ref> ۲۰۲۰نین فوریه آییندا [[دونالد ترامپ]] یؤنتیمی، ۱ مئی ۲۰۲۱ اعتیباری ایله تامام آمریکا گوجلری‌نین افغانیستان‌دان چکیله‌جگینه داییر طالیبان ایله آنلاشما ایمضالادی.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bag |first=Mustafa |title=ABD'nin Afganistan'daki savaşı nasıl başladı, nasıl bitti? |url=https://tr.euronews.com/2021/08/16/abd-nin-afganistan-daki-savas-nas-l-baslad-nas-l-bitiyor |work=euronews |date=16 August 2021 |language=tr}}</ref> بونون قارشیلیغیندا طالیبان، [[القاعده]] کیمی ترور قروپلاری ایله علاقه‌لرینی کسجک، شیددتی آزالداجاق و آمریکانین دستک‌لدیگی [[افغانیستان ایسلام جومهوریتی]] ایله دانیشیقلار آپاراجاق. هر ایکی طرف‌دن هئچ بیری بو آنلاشمانین شرط‌لرینه تام اوْلاراق رعایت ائتمسه‌ده، آمریکا گوجلری‌نی گئری چکمه‌یه باشلادی.<ref name="Time 2021">{{cite magazine |last=Satia |first=Priya |date=27 April 2021 |title=History's Warning for the U.S. Withdrawal From Afghanistan |url=https://time.com/5959073/afghanistan-withdrawal-empire-history/ |url-status=live |editor-last=Felsenthal |editor-first=Edward |editor-link=Edward Felsenthal |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |location=[[New York City]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427194916/https://time.com/5959073/afghanistan-withdrawal-empire-history/ |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> [[۲۰۲۱ طالیبان هوجومو]] نتیجه‌سینده، ۱۵ آقوست ۲۰۲۱ده کابولون یؽخیلماسی ایله [[افغانیستان ایسلام جومهوریتی]]‌ده یؽخیلیب و طالیبان، افغانیستان یؤنتیمینه تکرار صاحیب اوْلدو.<ref>{{cite news |title=Afganistan'da son durum ne? |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-58209423 |work=BBC News Türkçe |date=15 August 2021 |language=tr}}</ref> == ائتیموْلوْژی == پشتوجا بیر کلمه اوْلان "طالبان"، طالیب‌ین چوْخونلوغودور کی "طلبه‌لر" معناسینی وئریر.<ref>https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=taliban</ref> عربجه "طالب"، فارسجا "ان"<ref>{{cite web |title=an - Osmanlıca Türkçe Sözlük, lügât, لغت |url=https://www.luggat.com/an/1/1 |language=Türkçe}}</ref> جمع شکیلچیسینین علاوه ائدیلمه‌سی ایله عمله گلن بیر کلمه دیر. عربجه "طالبان"، "طلبه‌لر" دئییل، "ایکی طلبه" دئمکدیر. سؤزون عربجه چوْخلوغو "طلاب" دیر.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Guardian |title=Letters: Taliban, Caliban - does he love his mummy? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2001/oct/31/guardianletters |work=the Guardian |date=31 October 2001 |language=İngilizce}}</ref> == هدفلری == طالیبان دئییب هدفی باتی‌لی گوجلری‌نین افغانیستاندان چیخماقی و باریش و تهلوکه‌سیزلیگی برپا ائتمک و حاکیمیته گلدیکدن سوْنرا شریعت و ایسلام قانونلاری‌نی تطبیق ائتمک دیر.<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=https://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/taliban2.htm |accessdate=2021-08-19 |archivedate=2021-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813021609/https://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/taliban2.htm }}</ref> == آرخا پلان == === شوروی مۆداخیله‌سی (۱۹۷۸ – ۱۹۹۲) === [[فایل:Reagan sitting with people from the Afghanistan-Pakistan region in February 1983.jpg|thumb|باشقان [[رونالد ریقان]]، ۱۹۸۳-جی ایلده اوْوال اوْفیس‌ده افغان موجاهیدلر رهبری ایله گؤروشده]] [[شوروی]]، ۱۹۷۹-جی ایلده افغانیستانی ایشغال ائتدیکدن سوْنرا، [[افغان موجاهیدلری]] شوروی گوجلری ایله ساواشا گیردیلر. پاکیستان دؤولت باشقانی [[محمد ضیاءالحق]]، شوروی‌نین پاکیستانداکی [[بلوچیستان|بلوچیستان ایالتی‌]]نی ایشغال ائتمگی پلانلاشدیردیقلارینی دۆشوندو و شوروی ایشغالچی گوجلرینه قارشی افغانیستان موجاهیدلرینه دستک توْپلاماق اۆچون [[سعودی عربیستان]]ا [[اختر عبدالرحمان]]ی گؤندردی. بیر مۆددت سوْنرا، [[مرکزی کشفیات ایداره‌سی]]، سعودی عربیستان باش کشفیات ایداره‌سی و [[خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات|پاکیستان خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات ایداره‌سی]] واسیطه‌سی ایله افغانیستان مۆجاهیدلرینه پول و آوادانلیق وئردی.<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Price%20Pakistan.pdf |accessdate=2021-08-19 |archivedate=2020-03-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324175909/http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Price%20Pakistan.pdf }}</ref> [[محمد عمر]]ده داخیل اوْلماقلا، تخمیناً ۹۰٫۰۰۰ افغان، ۱۹۸۰-جی ایللرده [[خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات|پاکیستان خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات ایداره‌سی]] طرفیندن تحصیل آلمیشدیر. اینگیلیس‌لی پروْفسور کاولین هیلئنبراند، طالیبانین آمریکا-عربیستان-پاکیستان دستکلی مۆجاهیدلردن عمله گلدیگی سوْنونجونا گلدی:"باتی، افغانیستانین شوروی طرفیندن اله کئچیریلمسینه قارشی مۆباریزه‌ده طالیبانا یاردیم ائتدی".<ref>{{cite book |first=Hillenbrand |last=Carole |title=Islam : a new historical introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/islamnewhistoric0000caro |date=2015 |location=Londra|isbn=978-0-500-11027-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamnewhistoric0000caro/page/284 284]}}</ref> طالیبان رهبرلرینین دئمک اوْلار کی، هامیسی داها اؤنجه [[خالیص ایسلامی حیزبی]] و یا [[افغانیستان ایسلامی اینقیلابی حرکتی]] قروپلاری اۆچون [[افغانیستان ساواشی (۱۹۷۹-۱۹۸۹)|شوروی-افغانیستان ساواشی]]ندا ایشتیراک ائتمیشدیلر.<ref>https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1154721/1226_1369733568_ppig1.pdf</ref> === افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی (۱۹۹۲ – ۱۹۹۶) === {{اصلی|افغانیستان ایچ ساواشی (۱۹۹۲–۱۹۹۶)}} [[فایل:Aerial view of a section of Kandahar in 2013.jpg|thumb|طالیبان ۱۹۹۴-جو ایلده افغانیستانین گۆنئینده یئر آلان [[قندهار]] شهرینده یاراندی]] ۱۹۹۲-جی ایلده شوروی طرفیندن دستکلنن [[محمد نجیب الله]] رئژیمی‌نین یؽخیلماسیندان سوْنرا بیر چوْخ افغانیستان سیاسی حیزبی باریش و گوج آنلاشماسی حاققیندا راضیلیقا گلدی. پیشاور آنلاشماسی آدلانان بو مۆقاویله [[افغانیستان ایسلام دؤولتی]]‌نین قورولماسینی و کئچیش حؤکومتی‌نین تعیین اوْلونماسینی تأمین ائتدی. آنجاق بو دؤولت و حؤکومت، کابول و افغانیستان اۆچون رقابت ائدن قروپلار سببیندن ان باشیندان باشاریسیز حاله گلدی. <ref>https://photius.com/countries/afghanistan/government/afghanistan_government_the_peshawar_accord~72.html</ref> [[گلبدین حکمتیار]]ین، گلبدین ایسلامی حیزبی گئچیجی حؤکومتی تانیماقدان ایمتینا ائتدی و حاکیمیتی اؤز الینه آلاراق آوریل آییندا [[کابول]]ا سؽزدی و ایچ ساواشینا سبب اولدو. مئی آییندا حکمتیار، حؤکومت گوجلرینه و کابولا هوجوملارا باشلادی.<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive copy |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/07/06/blood-stained-hands |accessdate=2021-08-19 |archivedate=2015-01-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113150933/http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/07/06/blood-stained-hands }}</ref> حکمتیار؛ [[خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات|پاکیستان خیدمتلر آراسی کشفیات ایداره‌سی]]ندن عملیاتی، مالی و حربی دستک آلدی.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nojumi |first=Neamatollah |title=The rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan : mass mobilization, civil war, and the future of the region |url=https://archive.org/details/riseoftalibani00neam |date=2002 |publisher=Palgrave |location=New York |isbn=9780312295844 |issue=1st}}</ref> بو دستکله حکمتیار گوجلری، کابولون یاریسی‌نی داغیتدی. [[ایران]] ایسه عبدالعلی مزاری‌نین [[افغانیستان ایسلامی بیرلیک حیزبی]] گوجلرینه یاردیم ائتدی. [[سعودی عربیستان]]دا ایتیحاد ایسلامی حیزبی‌نه دستک وئردی. بو میلیسلر آراسینداکی آتیشمالار دا ساواشا چئوریلدی.<ref>{{cite book |last=Saikal |first=Amin |title=Modern Afghanistan : a history of struggle and survival |date=2004 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |location=Londra|isbn=978-1-85043-437-5}}</ref> بو آنی ساواشی سببی ایله؛ حؤکومت ایداره‌لرینین، پوْلیس ایداره‌لرینین و یا دؤولتین فعالیت گؤسترمه‌سی اۆچون عدالت و حئساباتلیلیق سیستئمی یاراتماغینا واخت یوْخ ایدی. دؤولتین یئنی تعیین اوْلونان مۆدافیعه ناظیری [[احمد شاه مسعود]]، جومهورباشقانی [[صبغت‌الله مجددی]]، داها سوْنرا [[برهان‌الدین ربانی]] و یا [[میلتلرآراسی قیزیل صلیب کمیته‌سی]]‌نین تمثیلچیلری ایله دانیشیقلار آپاریلدیقدا، آتش‌کسلر تئز تئز گۆنلر عرضینده پوْزولدو.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141007093444/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/07/06/blood-stained-hands</ref> == تاریخی == ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} {{اتک‌یازی}} [[بؤلمه:طالبان]] [[بؤلمه:۱۹۹۴ - جو ایلینده افغانیستان اؤلکه‌سینده یارانانلار]] [[بؤلمه:افغانیستانین دؤولت قورولوشو]] [[بؤلمه:توتالیتاریزم]] splv9p7ut9esrq2mp9agxmk8g0v5j9r 0 592466 1590619 1553403 2026-07-15T06:30:35Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:The Last Senate of Julius Caesar by Raffaele Giannetti.jpg|بندانگشتی|روم سناسی]] [[فایل:The Roman Senate.jpg|بندانگشتی|روم سناسی ایندیکی یئری]] '''روم سناسی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Roman Senate}}) بیر دولتی و مشورتی قورولوش دو [[آریستوکراتیک]] بیر قورولوش رومون جومهوری دونمینده سناتورلار خالق سچیمینن ایش اوستونه گلمیردیلر [[کنسول]] لارین و بیر دونم سنرا [[سنسور]]<nowiki/>لارین طرفیندن سچیلیر دی لر.سنانون ایلک ۳۰۰ اویه سی وار سنرا ۵۰۰ [[ژولیوس سزار]]<nowiki/>ین رفرملاریندا سنا اویه ساییسین ۹۰۰ اتدی چون اوز آدام لارین سنایا گتیرسین آما [[آقوستوس]] دونمینده ۶۰۰ اسکیلدی.۲ ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} ==کیتاب تانیتیمی== ===اورجینال قایناقلار=== {{refbegin}} * [http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=546&chapter=83299&layout=html&Itemid=27 Cicero, Marcus Tullius ''De Re Publica'', Book Two] * Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). ''The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes''. By Francis Barham, Esq. London: Edmund Spettigue. Vol. 1. * [[Livy]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Livy)|Ab urbe condita]]'' * Polybius (1823). ''The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek''. By [[James Hampton (priest)|James Hampton]]. Oxford: Printed by W. Baxter. Fifth Edition, Vol 2. * [http://www.fordham.edu/HALSALL/ANCIENT/polybius6.html Polybius, ''Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205073306/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius6.html |date=2007-02-05 }} {{refend}} ===ایکینجی ال قایناقلار=== {{refbegin}} * Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). ''A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions''. Elibron Classics, {{ISBN|0-543-92749-0}}. * Brewer, E. Cobham; ''[http://www.bartleby.com/81/4009.html Dictionary of Phrase and Fable]'' (1898). * Byrd, Robert (1995). ''The Senate of the Roman Republic''. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23. * {{cite book|author1=Cooper, Kate|author2=Julia Hillner|author2-link=Julia Hillner|title=Religion, Dynasty, and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300–900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRPkuJSPb10C&pg=PA23|date=13 September 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-46838-1}} * [[Nathaniel Hooke|Hooke, Nathaniel]]; ''The Roman History, from the Building of Rome to the Ruin of the Commonwealth'', F. Rivington (Rome). Original in New York Public Library * {{cite book|author=Kaegi, Walter Emil|title=Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&pg=PA196|date=27 March 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81459-1|page=196}} * {{cite book|author=Levillain, Philippe|title=The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDcmDeLuV4C&pg=PA1047|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-92230-2}} * [[Andrew Lintott|Lintott, Andrew]] (1999). ''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press ({{ISBN|0-19-926108-3}}). * {{cite book|first=David|last=Metz|pages=59 & 60|title=Daily Life of the Ancient Romans |year=2008|isbn=978-0-87220-957-2}} * {{cite book|author1=Neil, Bronwen|author2=Matthew J. Dal Santo|title=A Companion to Gregory the Great|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQFBAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|date=9 September 2013|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-25776-4|page=3}} * {{cite book|author=Phillips, Jonathan|title=The Fourth Crusade and the Siege of Constantinople|date=2004|isbn=9781101127728|publisher=Penguin}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA246|author=Richards, Jeffrey|title=The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752|isbn=9780710000989|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=1979}} * {{cite book|author=Runciman, Steven|title=Byzantine Civilisation|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-EDY-811|publisher=Meridian|date=1956}} * Taylor, Lily Ross (1966). ''Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar''. The University of Michigan Press ({{ISBN|0-472-08125-X}}). * Schnurer, Gustov (1956). ''Church And Culture in the Middle Ages 350–814''. Kessinger Publishing ({{ISBN|978-1-4254-2322-3}}). * Wood, Reverend James, ''The Nuttall Encyclopædia'' (1907) – a work now in public domain. {{refend}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{EB1911 poster|Senate}} {{refbegin}} * Cameron, A. ''The Later Roman Empire'', (Fontana Press, 1993). * Crawford, M. ''The Roman Republic'', (Fontana Press, 1978). * [[Werner Eck|Eck, Werner]]. ''Monument und Inschrift. Gesammelte Aufsätze zur senatorischen Repräsentation in der Kaiserzeit'' (Berlin/New York: W. de Gruyter, 2010). * [[Erich S. Gruen|Gruen, Erich]], ''The Last Generation of the Roman Republic'' (U California Press, 1974). * Hoеlkeskamp, Karl-Joachim, ''Senatus populusque Romanus. Die politische Kultur der Republik – Dimensionen und Deutungen'' (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004). * [[Wilhelm Ihne|Ihne, Wilhelm]]. ''Researches into the History of the Roman Constitution''. William Pickering. 1853. * Johnston, Harold Whetstone. ''Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index''. Scott, Foresman and Company. 1891. * Krieckhaus, Andreas, ''Senatorische Familien und ihre patriae (1./2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.)'' (Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovac, 2006) (Studien zur Geschichtesforschung des Altertums, 14). * [[Fergus Millar|Millar, Fergus]], ''The Emperor in the Roman World'', (London, Duckworth, 1977, 1992). * [[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen, Theodor]]. ''Roman Constitutional Law''. 1871–1888 * Talbert, Richard A. ''The Senate of Imperial Rome'' (Princeton, Princeton Univerversity Press, 1984). * Tighe, Ambrose. ''The Development of the Roman Constitution''. D. Apple & Co. 1886. * Von Fritz, Kurt. ''The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity''. Columbia University Press, New York. 1975. {{refend}} {{Roman Constitution}} {{Ancient Rome topics}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:تاریخ]] gq0af94top5vr89298yrnw9o3mzz7ye 0 593134 1590614 1555234 2026-07-15T06:25:15Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''کیچیک ایقتیصاد''' یوخسا '''میکرواکونومی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Microeconomics}})، [[ایقتیصاد]] علمی‌نین بیر بوداغیدیر. بو بوداغدا اینسانلارین تک تکین و یوخسا شیرکتلرین دخلی و ایقتیصادی سورونلارینا گورا دیر.کیچیک ایقتیصادین ان اونملی مبحث لرینن یایماخ-ایستمگ دیر(عرضه-تقاضا) == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} ==آرتیق اوخو== {{Refbegin|60em}}* {{cite book|first=Robin|last=Bade|author2=Michael Parkin|title=Foundations of Microeconomics|url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofmac00bade_0|publisher=Addison Wesley Paperback 1st Edition|year=2001}} * {{cite news|first=biography.com|last=Editors|title=Adam Smith Biography.com|publisher=A&E Television Networks|date=August 17, 2016}} * Bouman, John: [http://www.inflateyourmind.com Principles of Microeconomics – free fully comprehensive Principles of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics texts]. Columbia, Maryland, 2011 * Colander, David. ''Microeconomics.'' McGraw-Hill Paperback, 7th Edition: 2008. * {{cite book|author1=Dunne, Timothy|author2=J. Bradford Jensen|author3=Mark J. Roberts|title=Producer Dynamics: New Evidence from Micro Data|url=https://archive.org/details/producerdynamics0000unse|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-226-17256-9}} * Eaton, B. Curtis; Eaton, Diane F.; and Douglas W. Allen. ''Microeconomics''. Prentice Hall, 5th Edition: 2002. * Erickson, Gary M. (2009). “An Oligopoly Model of Dynamic Advertising Competition“. ''European Journal of Operational Research'' 197 (2009): 374-388. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeeejores/v_3a197_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a374-388.htm * [[Robert H. Frank|Frank, Robert H.]]; ''Microeconomics and Behavior''. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 6th Edition: 2006. * Friedman, Milton. ''Price Theory.'' Aldine Transaction: 1976 * Hagendorf, Klaus: [http://ssrn.com/paper=1489383 Labour Values and the Theory of the Firm. Part I: The Competitive Firm. Paris: EURODOS; 2009.] * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Harnerger |first1=Arnold C. |author-link1= Arnold Harberger |editor= David R. Henderson |editor-link= David R. Henderson |encyclopedia=[[Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]] |title=Microeconomics |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Microeconomics.html |year=2008 |edition= 2nd |publisher=[[Library of Economics and Liberty]] |location=Indianapolis |isbn=978-0-86597-665-8 |oclc=237794267}} * Hicks, John R. ''[[Value and Capital]]''. Clarendon Press. [1939] 1946, 2nd ed. * [[Jack Hirshleifer|Hirshleifer, Jack]]., Glazer, Amihai, and [[David Hirshleifer|Hirshleifer, David]], ''Price theory and applications: Decisions, markets, and information.'' Cambridge University Press, 7th Edition: 2005. * Jaffe, Sonia; Minton, Robert; [[Casey B. Mulligan|Mulligan, Casey B.]]; and Murphy, Kevin M.: [https://home.uchicago.edu/cbm4/cpt/index.html Chicago Price Theory]. Princeton University Press, 2019 * Jehle, Geoffrey A.; and [[Philip J. Reny]]. ''Advanced Microeconomic Theory.'' Addison Wesley Paperback, 2nd Edition: 2000. * Katz, Michael L.; and Harvey S. Rosen. ''Microeconomics''. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 3rd Edition: 1997. * Kreps, David M. ''A Course in Microeconomic Theory''. Princeton University Press: 1990 * Landsburg, Steven. ''Price Theory and Applications''. South-Western College Pub, 5th Edition: 2001. * Mankiw, N. Gregory. ''Principles of Microeconomics''. South-Western Pub, 2nd Edition: 2000. * [[Andreu Mas-Colell|Mas-Colell, Andreu]]; Whinston, Michael D.; and Jerry R. Green. ''Microeconomic Theory''. Oxford University Press, US: 1995. * McGuigan, James R.; Moyer, R. Charles; and Frederick H. Harris. ''Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategy and Tactics''. South-Western Educational Publishing, 9th Edition: 2001. * Nicholson, Walter. ''Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and Extensions.'' South-Western College Pub, 8th Edition: 2001. * [[Jeffrey M. Perloff|Perloff, Jeffrey M.]] ''Microeconomics''. Pearson – Addison Wesley, 4th Edition: 2007. * Perloff, Jeffrey M. ''Microeconomics: Theory and Applications with Calculus''. Pearson – Addison Wesley, 1st Edition: 2007 * Pindyck, Robert S.; and Daniel L. Rubinfeld.'' Microeconomics.'' Prentice Hall, 7th Edition: 2008. * Ruffin, Roy J.; and Paul R. Gregory. ''Principles of Microeconomics''. Addison Wesley, 7th Edition: 2000. *Sickles, R., & Zelenyuk, V. (2019). Measurement of Productivity and Efficiency: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/36161/frontmatter/9781107036161_frontmatter.pdf * [[Hal Varian|Varian, Hal R.]] (1987). "microeconomics," ''[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]]'', v. 3, pp.&nbsp;461–63. * Varian, Hal R. ''Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach''. W. W. Norton & Company, 8th Edition: 2009. * Varian, Hal R. ''Microeconomic Analysis''. W. W. Norton & Company, 3rd Edition: 1992. {{Refend}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=no |about=yes |label=Microeconomics }} * [http://xlab.berkeley.edu X-Lab: A Collaborative Micro-Economics and Social Sciences Research Laboratory] <!--* [http://www.econphd.net/notes.htm: www.econphd.net] – Lecture notes on economics online //site inactive --> * [http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/teaching/simulations/principlesofmicroeconomics.htm Simulations in Microeconomics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031213523/http://economicsnetwork.ac.uk/teaching/simulations/principlesofmicroeconomics.htm |date=2010-10-31 }} * http://media.lanecc.edu/users/martinezp/201/MicroHistory.html – a brief history of microeconomics {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:ایقتیصاد]] [[بؤلمه:پول]] 1n0nx1rrmjyxu3jfjbmfkfrw28cbq17 0 604300 1590715 1578794 2026-07-15T10:03:01Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iustitia van Heemskerck.png|thumb|''Justitia'' by [[Maarten van Heemskerk]], 1556. Justitia carries symbolic items such as: a sword, [[Weighing scale#Balance|scales]] and a blindfold<ref> Cuban ''Law's Blindfold'', 23.</ref>]] [[File:Justice Alberi Palazzo Altemps.jpg|thumb|Justice, one of the [[four cardinal virtues]], by Vitruvio Alberi, 1589–1590. Fresco, corner of the vault, studiolo of the [[Virgin of Mercy|Madonna of Mercy]], Palazzo Altemps, Rome]] '''عدالت''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Justice}})، ان گئنیش باغلامدا هم عادل اولونانین ساغلانماسینی هم ده فلسفی باخیمدان نئجه عادل اولونماغین بحثلرینه شامیل اولونور. ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} == ائله‌نت‌لر == * [[کارلو بیوتی]] ==آرتیق اوخو== * Clive Barnett, ''The Priority of Injustice: Locating Democracy in Critical Theory'' (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2017), {{ISBN| 978-0-8203-5152-0}} * Brian Barry, ''Theories of Justice'' (Berkeley: [[University of California Press]], 1989) * Harry Brighouse, ''Justice'' (Cambridge: [[Polity (publisher)|Polity Press]], 2004) * Anthony Duff & David Garland eds, ''A Reader on Punishment'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) * Colin Farrelly, ''An Introduction to Contemporary Political Theory'' (London: Sage, 2004) * Barzilai Gad, ''Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities'' (Ann Arbor: [[University of Michigan Press]], 2003) * David Gauthier, ''Morals By Agreement'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986) * Robert E. Goodin & Philip Pettit eds, ''Contemporary Political Philosophy: An anthology'' (2nd edition, Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2006), Part III * [[Serge Guinchard]], ''La justice et ses institutions'' (Judicial institutions), Dalloz editor, 12 edition, 2013 * [[Eric Heinze]], ''The Concept of Injustice'' (Routledge, 2013) * Ted Honderich, ''Punishment: The supposed justifications'' (London: [[Hutchinson & Co.]], 1969) * James Konow (2003) "Which Is the Fairest One of All? A Positive Analysis of Justice Theories", ''Journal of Economic Literature'', 41(4)[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3217459 pp. 1188–1239] * Will Kymlicka, ''Contemporary Political Philosophy: An introduction'' (2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002) * Nicola Lacey, ''State Punishment'' (London: [[Routledge]], 1988) * John Stuart Mill, ''Utilitarianism'' in ''On Liberty and Other Essays'' ed. John Gray (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991) * Robert Nozick, ''Anarchy, State, and Utopia'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974) * {{cite book |author=Amartya Sen |title=The Idea of Justice |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofjustice00amar |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-674-06047-0 }} * Marek Piechowiak, ''Plato's Conception of Justice and the Question of Human Dignity'' (2nd edition, revised and extended, Berlin: Peter Lang Academic Publishers, 2021), ISBN 978-3-631-84524-0. * C.L. Ten, ''Crime, Guilt, and Punishment: A philosophical introduction'' (Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1987) * [[Plato]], ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]'' trans. Robin Waterfield (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) * John Rawls, ''A Theory of Justice'' (revised edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) * David Schmidtz, ''Elements of Justice'' (New York: [[Columbia University Press]], 2006) * Peter Singer ed., ''A Companion to Ethics'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), Part IV * Reinhold Zippelius, ''Rechtsphilosophie, §§ 11–22'' (6th edition, Munich: [[C.H. Beck]], 2011), {{ISBN|978-3-406-61191-9}} ==ائشیک باغلانتیلار== {{Wikiquote|Justice}} {{commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Justice history}} {{Library resources box}} * Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entries: ** [http://www.iep.utm.edu/dist-jus/ Distributive Justice], by Michael Allingham ** [http://www.iep.utm.edu/punishme/ Punishment], by Kevin Murtagh ** [http://www.iep.utm.edu/justwest/ Western Theories of Justice], by Wayne P. Pomerleau * Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entries: ** [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice/ "Justice"] by David Miller ** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-distributive/ "Distributive Justice"] by Julian Lamont ** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-virtue/ "Justice as a Virtue"] by Michael Slote ** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/punishment/ "Punishment"] by [[Hugo Adam Bedau]] and Erin Kelly * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091204190016/http://unrol.org/article.aspx?article_id=30 United Nations Rule of Law: Informal Justice], on the relationship between informal/community justice, the [[rule of law]] and the [[United Nations]] * [http://www.justiceharvard.org Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427043908/http://www.justiceharvard.org/ |date=2014-04-27 }}, a series of 12 videos on the subject of justice by Harvard University's Michael Sandel, with reading materials and comments from participants. [[بؤلمه:عدالت]] [[بؤلمه:حوقوق]] 6o9crbvvuc68j561m9u41rd4m59d40z 0 604767 1590722 1587941 2026-07-15T10:28:58Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 3 books for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher |honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] |name = Bertrand Russell |honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|OM|FRS|size=100%}} |image =Bertrand Russell photo.jpg |caption = |module = {{infobox officeholder |embed = yes |office = [[Member of the House of Lords]] |status = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]] |term_start = 4 March 1931 |term_end = 2 February 1970<br />[[Hereditary peer]]age |predecessor = [[Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell|The 2nd Earl Russell]] |successor = [[John Russell, 4th Earl Russell|The 4th Earl Russell]] }} |birth_name = Bertrand Arthur William Russell |birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|df=yes|1872|5|18}} |birth_place = [[Trellech]], [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]], United Kingdom{{Efn|name=fn1}} |death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|df=yes|1970|2|2|1872|5|18}} |death_place = [[Penrhyndeudraeth]], [[Caernarfonshire]], Wales |nationality = British |spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Alys Pearsall Smith]]|1894|1921|end=div}} |{{Marriage|[[Dora Russell|Dora Black]]|1921|1935|end=div}} |{{Marriage|[[Patricia Russell, Countess Russell |Patricia Spence]] |1936 |1952 |end=div}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/russell/ |title=Bertrand Russell – The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |first=Andrew David |last=Irvine |editor-first=Edward N. |editor-last=Zalta |date=1 January 2015 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |via=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> |{{Marriage|[[Edith Finch Russell|Edith Finch]]|1952}}}} |education = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] (BA, 1893) |awards = {{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap |[[De Morgan Medal]] (1932) |[[Sylvester Medal]] (1934) |[[ادبیات‌دا نوبل جایزه‌سی]] (1950) |[[Kalinga Prize]] (1957) |[[Jerusalem Prize]] (1963)}} |era = [[20th-century philosophy]] |region = [[Western philosophy]] |school_tradition = [[آنالیتیک فلسفه]] |institutions = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], [[London School of Economics]], [[شیکاقو بیلیم‌یوردو]], [[کالیفورنیا، لوس‌آنجلس بیلیم‌یوردو]] |main_interests = {{Flatlist| *[[معریفت بیلیمی]] *[[اخلاق فلسفه‌سی]] *[[منطیق]] *[[ریاضیات]] *[[metaphysics]] *[[فلسفه]] *[[philosophy of culture]] *[[philosophy of language]] *[[philosophy of logic]] *[[philosophy of mathematics]] *[[philosophy of mind]] *[[philosophy of perception]] *[[philosophy of religion]] *[[philosophy of science]] *[[philosophy of social science]] }} |notable_ideas = {{Collapsible list |[[آنالیتیک فلسفه]] |[[Automated reasoning]] |[[Automated theorem proving]] |[[Axiom of reducibility]] |[[Barber paradox]] |[[Berry paradox]] |[[Chicken (game)|Chicken]] |[[Connective (logic)|Connective]] |Criticism of the [[coherence theory of truth]] |Criticism of the [[doctrine of internal relations]]/[[logical holism]] |[[Definite description]] |[[Descriptivist theory of names]] |[[Direct reference theory]]<ref>Howard Wettstein, "[[Frege–Russell view|Frege-Russell Semantics?]]", ''Dialectica'' '''44'''(1–2), 1990, pp.&nbsp;113–135, esp. 115: "Russell maintains that when one is acquainted with something, say, a present sense datum or oneself, one can refer to it without the mediation of anything like a Fregean sense. One can refer to it, as we might say, ''directly''."</ref> |[[Double negation]] |[[Epistemic structural realism]]<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/#Rel "Structural Realism"]: entry by James Ladyman in the ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''</ref> |[[Existential fallacy]] |[[Failure of reference]] |[[Knowledge by acquaintance]] and [[knowledge by description]] |[[Logical atomism]] ([[atomic proposition]]) |[[Logical form]] |[[Mathematical beauty]] |[[Mathematical logic]] |[[Meaning (philosophy of language)|Meaning]] |[[Metamathematics]] |[[Philosophical logic]] |[[Predicativism]] |[[Propositional analysis]] |[[Propositional calculus]] |[[Naive set theory]] |[[Neutral monism]]<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russellian-monism/ Russellian Monism] ([[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]])</ref> |[[Paradoxes of set theory]] |[[Peano–Russell notation]] |[[Propositional formula]] |[[Self-refuting idea]] |[[Quantification (logic)|Quantification]] |[[جان مای‌هیل]] |[[Russell's conjugation]] |[[Russell-style universes]] |[[Russell's paradox]] |[[Russell's teapot]] |Russell's theory of causal lines<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-process/ |title=Causal Processes – The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |first=Phil |last=Dowe |editor-first=Edward N. |editor-last=Zalta |date=10 September 2007 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |via=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> |[[Russellian change]] |[[Russellian propositions]] |[[Round square copula|Russellian view]] (Russell's critique of [[Alexius Meinong|Meinong's]] [[Abstract object theory|theory of objects]]) |[[Set-theoretic definition of natural numbers]] |[[Singleton (mathematics)|Singleton]] |[[Theory of descriptions]] |[[Relation (philosophy)|Theory of relations]] |[[Type theory]]/[[ramified type theory]] |[[Tensor product of graphs]] |[[Unity of the proposition]] |title={{فاصله}} }} |influences = {{Flatlist| *[[اقلیدس]] *[[John Stuart Mill|Mill]] *[[جوزپه پئانو]] *[[George Boole|Boole]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Development of Bertrand Russell's Philosophy, Volume 11 |year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-29545-1|pages=113–114|author=Ronald Jager}}</ref> *[[آقوستوس دمورقان]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge Companion to Bertrand Russell |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00grif_001 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63634-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00grif_001/page/n103 85] |editor=Nicholas Griffin |editor-link=Nicholas Griffin (philosopher)}}</ref> *[[قوتلوب فرقه]] *[[قئورق کانتور]] *[[ایمانوئل کانت]]<ref>Nikolay Milkov, ''A Hundred Years of English Philosophy'', Springer, 2003, p. 47.</ref> *[[George Santayana|Santayana]] *[[Alexius Meinong|Meinong]] *[[باروخ اسپینوزا]] *[[William James|James]] *[[ارنست ماخ]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bertrand Russell Memorial Volume |year=2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-83302-4 |author=Roberts, George W. |page=311}}</ref> *[[David Hume|Hume]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Bertrand Russell's Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00care |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6292-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00care/page/n142 94] |author1=Rosalind Carey |author2=John Ongley}}</ref> *[[قوتفرید لایبنیتس]] *[[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] *[[Alfred North Whitehead|Whitehead]] *[[G.&nbsp;E. Moore|Moore]] *[[George Stout|Stout]] *[[James Ward (psychologist)|Ward]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/james-ward/ |title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |first=Pierfrancesco |last=Basile |editor-first=Edward N. |editor-last=Zalta |date=14 May 2019 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=14 May 2019 |via=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> *[[Henry Sidgwick|Sidgwick]]<ref>Schultz, Bart. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sidgwick/ "Henry Sidgwick"]. ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''. 2015.</ref> *[[پرسی بیش شلی]] }} |influenced = {{Flatlist| *[[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] *[[A.&nbsp;J. Ayer]] *[[رودلف کارناپ]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Language, Truth and Knowledge: Contributions to the Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4020-1206-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/languagetruthkno0000unse/page/22] |author=Ilkka Niiniluoto |editor=Thomas Bonk}}</ref> *[[جان فون نویمان]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=CONPAR 1986 |year=1986 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-16811-9 |page=15 |author1=Wolfgang Händler |author-link1=Wolfgang Händler |author2=Dieter Haupt |author3=Rolf Jelitsch |author4=Wilfried Juling |author5=Otto Lange}}</ref> *[[کورت قودل]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Reflections on Kurt Gödel |year=1990 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-73087-7 |page=305 |author=Hao Wang}}</ref> *[[کارل پوپر]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Karl Popper |year=2013 |publisher=C. Black |isbn=978-1-62356-733-0 |author=Phil Parvin}}</ref> *[[ویلارد کواین]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge Companion to Quine |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00jrro_862 |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63949-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00jrro_862/page/n1 2] |editor=Roger F. Gibson}}</ref> *[[نوآم چامسکی]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent |year=1998 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-52255-7 |page=32 |author=Robert F. Barsky}}</ref> *[[Hilary Putnam]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, & Co. Transformed the Intellectual Life of the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchtheoryhow00cuss |year=2008 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-4732-3 |page=97 |author=François Cusset}}</ref> *[[Saul Kripke]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Saul Kripke |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-50066-1 |editor=Alan Berger}}</ref> *[[موریتس شلیک]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues: Focal Issues|year=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-054854-8 |page=432 |author1=Dov M. Gabbay |author2=Paul Thagard |author3=John Woods |author4=Theo A.&nbsp;F. Kuipers |chapter=The Logical Approach of the Vienna Circle and their Followers from the 1920s to the 1950s}}</ref> *[[Vienna Circle]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Husserl's Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction |year=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89536-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/husserlscris_mora_2012_000_10898947/page/204 204] |author=Dermot Moran |url=https://archive.org/details/husserlscris_mora_2012_000_10898947/page/204}}</ref> *[[J. L. Austin]] *[[Kurt Grelling]]<ref>Nikolay Milkov (2013), "The Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle: Affinities and Divergences", in: N. Milkov & V. Peckhaus (eds.), ''The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism. Springer'', pp. 3–32. esp. p. 19.</ref> *[[قادفری هارولد هاردی]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russell and G.H. Hardy: A study of their Relationship |url=http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1352&context=russelljournal |publisher=McMaster University Library Press |access-date=3 January 2014 |author=Grattan-Guinness |accessdate=2022-01-25 |archivedate=2014-01-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104013234/http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1352&context=russelljournal }}</ref> *[[آلفرد تارسکی]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Alfred Tarski: Philosophy of Language and Logic |year=2012 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-36722-7 |author=Douglas Patterson}}</ref> *[[نوربرت وینر]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Bertrand Russell's Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00care |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6292-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00care/page/n63 15]–16 |author1=Rosalind Carey |author2=John Ongley}}</ref> *[[رابرت اوپنهایمر]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center |url=https://archive.org/details/robertoppenheime0000raym |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-50413-3|author=Ray Monk}}</ref> *[[Leon Chwistek]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic |url=https://archive.org/details/alfredtarskilife0000fefe |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80240-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/alfredtarskilife0000fefe/page/67 67] |author1=Anita Burdman Feferman |author1-link=Anita Burdman Feferman |author2=Solomon Feferman |author2-link=Solomon Feferman}}</ref> *[[آلن تورینق]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |year=2012 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/81 81] |author=Andrew Hodges |author-link=Andrew Hodges |title-link=Alan Turing: The Enigma}}</ref> *[[Jacob Bronowski]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Origins of Knowledge and Imagination |year=2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-15718-5 |author=Jacob Bronowski}}</ref> *[[Frank P. Ramsey]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Russell vs. Meinong: The Legacy of "On Denoting" |year=2008 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-88802-5 |page=4 |editor1=Nicholas Griffin |editor-link=Nicholas Griffin (philosopher) |editor2=Dale Jacquette}}</ref> *[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jawaharlal Nehru, a Biography |year=1993 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-7023-369-5 |page=46 |author=Sankar Ghose |chapter=V: Europe Revisited}}</ref> *[[طارق علی]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street-Fighting Years: An Autobiography of the Sixties |url=http://tariqali.org/archives/250 |publisher=Verso |page=2005 |access-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209103648/http://tariqali.org/archives/250 |archive-date=9 December 2013 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2022-01-25 |archivedate=2013-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209103648/http://tariqali.org/archives/250 }}</ref> *[[Michael Albert]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Remembering Tomorrow: From SDS to Life After Capitalism: A Memoir |year=2011 |publisher=Seven Stories Press |isbn=978-1-60980-001-7 |author=Michael Albert}}</ref> *[[ارنستو چه قوارا]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life |url=https://archive.org/details/cheguevara00jonl |url-access=registration |year=1997 |publisher=Grove Press |isbn=978-0-8021-9725-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cheguevara00jonl/page/38 38] |author=Jon Lee Anderson}}</ref> *[[Bernard Williams]] *[[Donald Davidson (philosopher)|Donald Davidson]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Donald Davidson |year=2004 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press&nbsp;– MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-2781-2 |page=1 |author=Marc Joseph |chapter=1: Introduction: Davidson's Philosophical Project}}</ref> *[[Thomas Kuhn]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Thomas Kuhn's Revolution: An Historical Philosophy of Science |url=https://archive.org/details/thomaskuhnsrevol0000marc |year=2005 |publisher=Continuum |isbn=978-1-84714-194-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/thomaskuhnsrevol0000marc/page/5 5] |author=James A. Marcum |chapter=1: Who is Thomas Kuhn?}}</ref> *[[Nathan Salmon]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Content, Cognition, and Communication : Philosophical Papers II: Philosophical Papers II |year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-153610-6 |page=xi |author=Nathan Salmon |chapter=Introduction to Volume II}}</ref> *[[کریستوفر هیچنز]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever |title-link=The Portable Atheist |year=2007 |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=978-0-306-81608-6 |editor=Christopher Hitchens |editor-link=Christopher Hitchens}}</ref> *[[ریچارد داوکینز]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Russell |url=https://archive.org/details/russell00land |year=2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-84649-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/russell00land/page/n460 444] |author=Gregory Landini}}</ref> *[[کارل سئیقن]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God |url=https://archive.org/details/varietiesofscien00saga |year=2006 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-59420-107-3 |author=Carl Sagan |editor=Ann Druyan}}</ref> *[[Isaiah Berlin]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Isaiah Berlin: Liberty, Pluralism and Liberalism |url=https://archive.org/details/isaiahberlinlibe0000crow |year=2004 |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-2477-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isaiahberlinlibe0000crow/page/n30 15] |author=George Crowder}}</ref> *[[آلبرت الیس]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Integrative Approach |url=https://archive.org/details/theoriesofcounse0000jone_y1f0 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-4129-1004-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/theoriesofcounse0000jone_y1f0/page/142 142] |author=Elsie Jones-Smith}}</ref> *[[مارتین قاردنر]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Martin Gardner |url=https://www.ams.org/notices/200506/fea-gardner.pdf |publisher=American Mathematical Society |access-date=5 January 2014 |page=603 |date=June–July 2005}}</ref> *[[Daniel Dennett]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=C S Lewis Vs The New Atheists |url=https://archive.org/details/cslewisvsnewathe0000will |year=2013 |publisher=Authentic Media |isbn=978-1-78078-093-1 |author=Peter S. Williams}}</ref> *[[باکمینستر فولر]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Becoming Bucky Fuller |url=https://archive.org/details/becomingbuckyful0000lora |year=2009 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-12302-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/becomingbuckyful0000lora/page/72 72] |author1=Loretta Lorance |author2=Richard Buckminster Fuller}}</ref> *[[پرویز هودبهائی]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Difficult it is to Help People Change their Thinking – Interview with Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy |url=http://old.drsohail.com/Articals/Pervezhoodbhoy.htm |author=K. Sohail |date=February 2000 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716211940/http://old.drsohail.com/Articals/Pervezhoodbhoy.htm |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=31 December 2013 |accessdate=2022-01-25 |archivedate=2012-07-16 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120716211940/http://old.drsohail.com/Articals/Pervezhoodbhoy.htm }}</ref> *[[جان ماینارد کینز]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Return to Keynes |year=2010 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-05354-0 |page=146 |editor1=Bradley W. Bateman |editor2=Toshiaki Hirai |editor3=Maria Cristina Marcuzzo}}</ref> *[[آیزاک آسیموف]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=I. Asimov: A Memoir |year=2009 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-307-57353-7 |author=Isaac Asimov}}</ref> *[[Paul Kurtz]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Toward a New Enlightenment: The Philosophy of Paul Kurtz |year=1994 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1-4128-4017-0 |page=233 |author=Paul Kurtz |editor1=Vern L. Bullough |editor2=Tim Madigan}}</ref> *[[آلکساندر سولژنیتسین]] *[[جئیمز جویس]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Finding Joy in Joyce: A Readers Guide to Ulysses |year=2000 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=978-1-58112-762-1 |page=580 |author=John P. Anderson}}</ref> *[[کرت وانهقت]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Reading, Learning, Teaching Kurt Vonnegut |url=https://archive.org/details/readinglearningt0000thom_o8l3 |year=2006 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-6337-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/readinglearningt0000thom_o8l3/page/46 46] |author=Paul Lee Thomas}}</ref> *[[Ray Kurzweil]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Electronic Monuments |year=2005 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-4583-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/electronicmonume0000ulme/page/180 180] |author=Gregory L. Ulmer |url=https://archive.org/details/electronicmonume0000ulme/page/180}}</ref> *[[ماروین مینسکی]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Number-Crunching: Taming Unruly Computational Problems from Mathematical Physics to Science Fiction |url=https://archive.org/details/numbercrunchingt0000nahi |year=2011 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3958-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/numbercrunchingt0000nahi/page/n363 332] |author=Paul J. Nahin |author-link=Paul J. Nahin |chapter=9}}</ref> *[[هربرت الکساندر سیمون]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Models of a Man: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Simon |url=https://archive.org/details/modelsmanessaysm00marc |year=2004 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-01208-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/modelsmanessaysm00marc/page/n39 21] |editor1=Mie Augier |editor2=Herbert Alex |editor3=er Simon |editor4=James G. March}}</ref> *[[بی‌اف اسکینر]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Psychology of B F Skinner |url=https://archive.org/details/psychologyofbfsk0000odon |year=2001 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-0-7619-1759-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/psychologyofbfsk0000odon/page/19 19] |author1=William O'Donohue |author2=Kyle E. Ferguson}}</ref> *[[John Searle]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Conversations with John Searle |year=2001 |publisher=LibrosEnRed.com |isbn=978-987-1022-11-3 |page=28 |author=Gustavo Faigenbaum}}</ref> *[[آندره ساخاروف]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Without Force Or Lies: Voices from the Revolution of Central Europe in 1989–90 |url=https://archive.org/details/withoutforceorli00will |url-access=registration |year=1990 |publisher=Mercury House |isbn=978-0-916515-92-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/withoutforceorli00will/page/37 37] |editor1=William M. Brinton |editor2=Alan Rinzler}}</ref> *[[ایستیون هاوکینق]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=God, Time and Stephen Hawking |year=2001|publisher=Kregel Publications |isbn=978-0-8254-6029-6 |page=18 |author=David Wilkinson}}</ref> *[[ژوزف روتبلات]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Joseph Rotblat: Visionary for Peace |url=https://archive.org/details/josephrotblatvis0000unse |year=2007 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-61127-0 |editor1=Reiner Braun |editor2=Robert Hinde |editor3=David Krieger |editor4=Harold Kroto |editor5=Sally Milne}}</ref> *[[ادوارد سعید]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Edward Said: The Legacy of a Public Intellectual |year=2007 |publisher=Academic Monographs |isbn=978-0-522-85357-5 |page=27 |editor1=Ned Curthoys |editor2=Debjani Ganguly}}</ref> *[[Sidney Hook]] *[[فرانک ویلچک]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Wilczek – Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2004/wilczek-bio.html |publisher=Nobel Media AB 2017 |quote=Another thing that shaped my thinking was religious training. I was brought up as a Roman Catholic. I loved the idea that there was a great drama and a grand plan behind existence. Later, under the influence of Bertrand Russell's writings and my increasing awareness of scientific knowledge, I lost faith in conventional religion.}}</ref> *[[A. C. Grayling]] *[[Colin McGinn]] *[[Txillardegi]]<ref>[[Joxe Azurmendi|Azurmendi, Joxe]] (1999): Txillardegiren saioa: hastapenen bila, ''[[Jakin (magazine)|Jakin]]'', 114: pp.&nbsp;17–45. {{ISSN|0211-495X}}</ref> }} |academic_advisors=[[James Ward (psychologist)|James Ward]]<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/james-ward/ James Ward] ([[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]])</ref><br />[[A. N. Whitehead]] |doctoral_students=[[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] |notable_students=[[Raphael Demos]] |signature=Bertrand Russell signature.svg }} '''برتراند آرتور ویلیام راسل''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگیلیس]]. Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell؛ 18 مئی 1872<ref name=":0">''[[:az:Fransa_Milli_Kitabxanası|Bibliothèque nationale de France]]'' [http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11923140h BnF identifikatoru] (fr.): açıq məlumat platforması.2011.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Russell MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.]</ref><ref name=":2">''[[wikidata:Q67129259|Lundy D. R.]]'' Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell // [https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4638&url_prefix=https://www.thepeerage.com/&id=p7495.htm#i74945 The Peerage] (ing.).</ref> – 2 فوریه 1970<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/><ref>Рассел Бертран // [[:ru:Большая_советская_энциклопедия_(третье_издание)|Большая советская энциклопедия]] (rus.): [в 30 т.]. / под ред.[[:az:Aleksandr_Proxorov|А. М. Прохорова]] 3-е изд. [[موسکو|Москва]]: [[:az:Böyük_Rusiya_Ensiklopediyası_(nəşriyyat)|Советская энциклопедия]], 1969.</ref>) — اینگیلیسلی ریاضییاتچی[5]، فیلوسوف و ایجتیماعی خادیم،  " منطیقی اتومیزم "  آنلاییشی‌نین،  " توصیف نظریه‌سی "‌نین یارادیجی‌سی، عالیم‌لرین پاقواش حرکاتی‌نین یارادیلماسی نین تشبوثکارلاریندان بیری،  " راسل-[[آلبرت آینشتاین|انیشتاین]] مانیفستی "‌نین هم‌مولیفی،  "صولح فوندو " نون قوروجوسو (1963)، ادبیات اوزره [[نوبل جایزه‌سی|نوبل اؤدولو]]<nowiki/>نون صاحیبی (1950).  == یاشاییشی ==   [[اینگیلیس]] فیلوسوفو، منطیق‌شوناس، ریاضیاتچی و ایجتیماعی-سیاسی خادیم برتراند آرتور ویلیام راسلی تام اساسلا انسیکلوپدیست آدلاندیرماق مومکوندور. او، [[بریتانیا ایمپیراتورلوغو|بریتانیا]]<nowiki/>نین سیاسی حیاتیندا 16. عصردن فعال ایشتیراک ائدن راسل نسلیندن ایدی. نسلین گؤرکملی نوماینده لریندن بیری، برتراندین باباسی لورد جان راسل 1832-جی ایلده کرالیچا 1. ویکتوریانین حاکیمیتی دؤورونده باش وزیر وظیفه‌سینی توتموشدو. ایکی یاشیندا آناسینی، دؤرد یاشیندا ایسه آتاسینی و کؤرپه باجیسینی ایتیرن برتراند ننه‌سی، قرافینیا راسلین حیمایه‌سینده بؤیوموشدو. اونون و بؤیوک قارداشی‌نین تعلیم-تربیه‌سی ایله آلمان، [[سوئیس]] حاکیم‌لری، ائلجه ده اینگیلیس موعلیم‌لر مشغول اولوردولار.    برتراند 1890-جی ایلده [[کمبریج بیلیم‌یوردو]]<nowiki/>نون یانینداکی ترینیتی کالجده تحصیله باشلامیش، 1894-جو ایلده اینجه صنعت لیسانس درجه‌سی آلمیشدی. علمین موختلیف ساحه‌لرینی اؤیرنسه ده، ماراق دایره‌سینه اساسن ریاضیات و فلسفه داخیل ایدی. 1897-جی ایلده او،  " هندسه‌نین اساس‌لاری "  مؤوضوسوندا یوکسک لیسانس تِزینی مودافیعه  ائتمیشدی. یئنی‌یئتمه‌لیک و ایلک گنجلیک ایللرینده برتراند راسل تنهالیقدان اذیت چکمیش، حتّی بو سببدن بیر نئچه دفعه  اینتیحار فیکرینه دوشموشدو. اعتیرافینا گؤره یالنیز ریاضیاتا ماراغی و اوزرینده ایشله‌دیگی ریاضی مسله‌لرین حلّینی سونا چاتدیرماق ایستگی اونو بو قارامسار نیتیندن چکیندیرمیشدی.       بریتانیا ائلچی‌لیگی‌نین فخری آتاشه‌سی کیمی 1895-جی ایلدن پاریسده یاشایان راسل ایقتیصادیاتلا باغلی تدقیقات‌لار آپارماق مقصدی ایله بیر مودت [[آلمان]] و [[آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکا]]<nowiki/>دا دا اولموشدو.  " آلمان سوسیال دموکراسی‌سی "  (1896) و " لایبنیتس فلسفه‌سی‌نین تنقیدی شرحی‌"   (1900) کیتاب‌لاری نین یازیلماسیندا بو سفرلر موهوم رول اوینامیشدی. 1910-1913-جو ایللرده برتراند راسل ترینیتی-کالجین پروفسورو ن.اوایتهدله بیرلیکده  " ریاضیاتین اساس‌لاری "  آدلی 3 جیلدلیک فوندامنتال تدقیقات چاپ ائتدیرمیشدی. بو دؤورده عالیم هم ده ایجتیماعی-سیاسی فعالیتله مشغول اولوردو. او، اینگیلیس‌ده سوسیالیزم ایدئیالارینی یایان فابیان جمعیتی‌نین عوضوو ایدی. قادین‌لارا سئچکی حوقوقو وئریلمه‌سی ایله باغلی کئچیریلن تدبیرلرده فعال ایشتیراک ائدیردی. پارلمان سئچکی‌لرینه قاتیلسا دا، دینی باخیش‌لارینا گؤره لازیمی میقداردا سس توپلایا بیلمه‌میشدی.    اینگیلیس‌ین [[بیرینجی دونیا ساواشی]]<nowiki/>ندا ایشتیراکی راسل‌ین سرت تنقیدی ایله قارشی‌لانمیشدی. او،  " سوسیال یئنیدن‌قورمانین پرینسیپ‌لری "  (1916)،  " ساواش و عدالت (1916) " ،  " سیاسی ایدئال‌لار "  (1917)،  " آزادلیغا آپاران یوللار: [[سوسیالیسم|سوسیالیزم]]. [[آنارشیسم]]. سیندیکالیزم "  (1918) کیتاب‌لاریندا دَییشمکده اولان دونیانین منظره‌سینی یاراتماغا چالیشمیشدی. ساواش  علئیه‌داری برتراند راسل اوردودا خیدمتدن بویون قاچیردیغینا گؤره بؤیوک مبلغده جریمه اؤدمه‌لی، حتّی بیر مودت حبسخانادا یاتمالی اولموشدو. آمریکانین  ساواشدا ایشتیراکینا کسکین تنقیدی تپکیسی نتیجه‌سینده 1918-جی ایلده او ایکینجی دفعه  حبسخانایا سالینمیشدی.    1920-جی ایلده برتراند راسل بئش هفته [[شوروی|شوروی‌]]<nowiki/>ده اولموش، [[ولادیمیر لنین|لنین]]، تروتسکی و [[ماکسیم قورکی]] ایله گؤروشموشدو. [[سوسیالیسم|سوسیالیست]] ایدئیالارینا موعین رغبتله یاناشسا دا، " بولشویزمین نظریه‌سی و تجروبه‌سی "  (1920) کیتابیندا شوروی رژیمینی جیدی تنقید ائتمیشدی. 1920-1921-جی ایللرده راسل آسیا اؤلکه‌لرینه اوزون مودّتلی سیاحته چیخمیش، بیر مودت پکن بیلیم‌یوردوندا موحاضیره‌لر اوخوموشدو.   برتراند راسل تحصیل پروبلم‌لرینه موهوم دیقت یئتیرمیشدی. حتّی بیر آرا پداقوژی ایله سیخ ماراقلانمیش و اؤزونون تجروبه مکتبینی تشکیل ائتمیشدی. " تحصیل حاقیندا " (1926)،  " تحصیل و تمیز حیات "  (1926)،  " تحصیل و ایجتیماعی قورولوش "  (1932) اثرلرینده فیلوسوف-عالیمین موعاصیر تحصیلله باغلی فیکیرلری عکس اولونموشدور. ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی باشلایاندا برتراند راسل پاسیفیست باخیش‌لاریندان ایمتیناع ائتمیشدی. خوصوصاً فاشیست آلمان‌ین [[لهیستان]]<nowiki/>ا هوجوموندان سونرا ‌اینگیلیس‌ین حربی عملیات‌لارا مومکون قدر تئز قوشولماسی‌نین قیزغین طرفدارلاریندان بیری کیمی تانینمیشدی. ساواش  ایللرینده اساساً آمریکادا یاشامیشدی. [[شیکاقو بیلیم‌یوردو|شیکاقو]] و [[کالیفورنیا بیلیم‌یوردو]]<nowiki/>لاریندا موحاضیره‌لر اوخوموش، سیتی-کالجین و [[هاروارد بیلیم‌یوردو|هاروارد]]<nowiki/>ین فلسفه پروفسورو اولموشدو. آمریکا-داکی اوخودوغو موحاضیره‌لری اساسیندا 1945-جی ایلده  " غرب فلسفه‌سی‌نین تاریخی "  مونوقرافی‌سینی چاپ ائتدیرمیشدی.    ساواشدان سونرا یئنیدن لندنه، ترینیتی-کالجه قاییدان راسل " فلسفه و سیاست " (1947)،  " اینسان بیلیگی: حودودلار و سرحدلر "  (1948)،  " حاکیمیت و شخصیت "  (1949)، " دونیانین دَییشمه‌سینه یئنی اومیدلر "  (1950) کیتاب‌لارینی چاپ ائتدیرمیشدی. بؤیوک بریتانیا کرالیچاسی‌نین امری ایله 1932-جی ایلده قارداشی فرانکین اؤلوموندن سونرا او، راسل عاییله‌سی‌نین سایجا اوچونجو قرافی تیتولونو آلمیش، 1949-جو ایلده ایسه اؤلکه‌نین عالی اؤدولو اولان  " خیدمت‌لره گؤره "  اوردِنی ایله تلطیف ائدیلمیشدی. 1950-جی ایلده سوئد آکادمی‌سی‌نین داها اول‌لر ادبیات اوزره نوبل اؤدولو آلمیش فیلوسوف‌لار رودولف ائیکن (1908) و آنری برقسونون (1927) آردینجا فیلوسوف و ریاضیاتچی برتراند راسلی ده بو یوکسک اؤدوله لاییق گؤرموشدو. سوئد آکادمی‌سی‌نین عوضوو آندرس استرلینق یئنی لاورئاتی  " راسیونالیزم و هومانیزمین ان پارلاق نوماینده‌لریندن بیری، غربده فیکیر و سؤز آزادلیغی نین قورخماز موباریزی "  کیمی سجیه‌لندیرمیشدی. برتراند راسل نوبل موحاضیره‌سی اوخومامیشدی. نوبل صاحیبی راسل‌ین یازدیغی موهوم اثرلر سیراسینا  " علمین جمعیته تاثیری "  (1952)، " یادداش پورتره‌لری " (1956)،  " بشریتین گله‌جگی وارمی؟ "  (1961)،  " فاکت و اویدورما "  (1962) و دیگر چوخ‌سایلی کیتاب‌لاری، هابئله اوچ جیلدلیک  " اوتوبیوقرافی " سی (1967-1969) داخیلدیر.       بیر چوخ تدقیقاتچی‌لار راسلی چاغداش دؤورون ان بؤیوک فیلوسوفو، عئینی زاماندا ان ضیدیتلی شخصیتی کیمی کاراکتریزه ائدیرلر. اینگیلیس تدقیقاتچی‌سی مایکل هولرویدون فیکرینجه، راسل  "عصریمیزین ان غئیری-عادی حادیثه‌لریندن بیری‌دیر و حیات یولو باشدان-باشا حئیرت‌آمیز پارادوکس‌لاردان توخونموشدور " . اونو [[ولتر|وولتر]]<nowiki/>ه بنزه‌دن‌لر ده یوخ دئییلدیر.    نهایت، راسلین ان اوزون عؤمور سورن (97 ایل) و ان چوخ ائولنن (5 دفعه ) نوبل صاحیبی اولماسی دا اونون اؤزونه‌مخصوص رکوردلاری کیمی قئید ائدیله بیلر.  ==  اثرلری == *   ریاضیاتین پرینسیپ‌لری (The Mathematica Prinsipa)  *   غرب فلسفه‌سی تاریخی (1945)  *   نییه من مسیحی دئییلم؟  *   آزادلیق یولو  *   علمین جمعیت اوستونده تاثیری  *   پولیتیکا ایدئال‌لاری  *   ائولی‌لیک و اخلاق  *   اویناق‌لیغا تعریف  *   ایقتیدار  *   بیلیک اوستونه  *   اینسان‌لیغین صاباحی  *   دین و علم  [[بؤلمه:فیلسوفلار]] dccjxj3sxttl70vjwr1pztos7vo175n 0 605946 1590694 1513709 2026-07-15T09:10:13Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590694 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Short description|Spanish general and dictator who ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] [[Generalissimo]] | allegiance = {{Flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Kingdom of Spain]]<br />(1907–1931)<br />{{Flagdeco|Spanish Republic}} [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]]<br />(1931–1936)<br />{{Flagicon|Spanish State|1938}} [[Francoist Spain|Spanish State]]<br />(1936–1975) | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás|Carmen Polo]]|1923}} | children = [[Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco|María del Carmen]] | mother = María del Pilar Bahamonde | father = Nicolás Franco | residence = [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|El Pardo]], Madrid | education = [[Toledo Infantry Academy|Infantry Academy of Toledo]] | nickname = [[Caudillo]] | signature = Francisco Franco Signature.svg | restingplace = [[Mingorrubio Cemetery]], [[El Pardo]], Madrid, Spain | branch = [[File:Coat of Arms of Spain (1939-1945).svg|20px]] [[Spanish Armed Forces]] | serviceyears = 1907–1975 | rank = [[Captain general of the Army]]<br />{{nowrap|[[Captain general of the Air Force]]}}<br />[[Captain general of the Navy]] | unit = | commands = All (''[[Generalissimo|Generalísimo]]'') | battles = [[Second Melillan campaign|2nd Melillan Campaign]]{{WIA}}<br />[[Rif War]]<br />[[Revolution of 1934]]<br />[[Spanish Civil War]]<br />[[Ifni War]] | mawards = | relatives = [[Nicolás Franco (politician)|Nicolás Franco]] (brother)<br />[[Ramón Franco]] (brother)<br />[[:es:Francisco Franco Salgado-Araújo|Francisco Franco]] (cousin)<br />[[:es:Ricardo de la Puente Bahamonde|Ricardo de la Puente]] (cousin) | death_place = [[Madrid]], [[Francoist Spain|Spanish State]] | name = Francisco Franco<br />فرانسیسکو فرانکو | successor = [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]]<br />([[Monarchy of Spain|King of Spain]]) | image = RETRATO DEL GRAL. FRANCISCO FRANCO BAHAMONDE (adjusted levels).jpg | caption = | office = [[Head of State of Spain]]{{NoteTag|The rebels appointed him at the end of September 1936 Generalissimo of the Armies and Head of the Government of the Spanish State. Head of State would be one of the titles most used by the regime since his official appointment on October 1, 1936, in addition to the one used in the Organic Law of the State (1967).}} | term_start = 1 اوکتوبر 1936{{NoteTag|name=war|In [[Spanish Civil War|civil war]] until 1 «آوریل 1939.}} | term_end = 20 نووامبر 1975 | deputy = | predecessor = {{unbulleted list|[[Miguel Cabanellas]]<br />(President of the National Defence Junta of the Nationalist side) | [[José Miaja]]<br />(President of the Defence Council of the Republican side) }} | office2 = [[Prime Minister of Spain]]{{NoteTag|The post of Prime Minister was attached to that of Head of State until the 1967 [[Organic Law of the State]], with the separation coming into force with Franco's resignation as Prime Minister on 9 June 1973.<ref>{{cite journal |publisher = Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado |journal = Boletín Oficial del Estado |issue = 138 |date = 9 June 1973 |title = Ley 14/1973, de 8 de junio, por la que se suspende la vinculación de la Presidencia del Gobierno a la Jefatura del Estado |language = es |url = https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1973/06/09/pdfs/A11686-11686.pdf |issn = 0212-033X |page = 11686 }}</ref>}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1975|11|20|1892|12|04|df=y}} | term_start2 = 30 ژانویه 1938{{NoteTag|name=war}} | term_end2 = 9 ژوئن 1973 | predecessor2 = {{unbulleted list |[[Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa|Francisco Gómez-Jordana]]<br />(President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side) | [[José Miaja]]<br />(President of the Defence Council of the Republican side)}} | deputy2 = {{Unbulleted list |[[Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa|Francisco Gómez-Jordana]] | [[Agustín Muñoz Grandes]] | [[Luis Carrero Blanco]]}} | successor2 = [[Luis Carrero Blanco]] | party = [[FET y de las JONS]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|12|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ferrol, Spain|Ferrol]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Restoration (Spain)|Kingdom of Spain]] | footnotes = <!-- military service --> }} '''فرانسیسکو فرانکو''' ([[ایسپانیا دیلی|ایسپانیا]]: rancisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde؛ 4 دسامبر 1892– 20 نووامبر 1975، [[مادرید]]) — ایسپانیا حربی و دؤولت خادیمی، دیکتاتور، [[ایسپانیا ایچ ساواشی]] ایللرینده ناسیونالیست حربی عوصیانین رهبری، 1939-1975-جی ایللرده ایسپانیا کرال‌لیغی‌نین نایبی، کاودیلیو ([[ایسپانیا دیلی|ایسپانیا]]. Caudillo de España por la gracia de Dios — تانری‌نین اعتیمادی ایله ایسپانیانین رهبری)، ایسپانیا وزیرلر شوراسی‌نین صدری، گنراللیسیموس. 1936-1939-جو ایللری احاطه ائدن وطنداش موحاریبه‌سینده غلبه چالاراق حاکیمیتی اله کئچیرمیشدیر.   == قایناقلار == {{اتک‌یازی}} == آرتیق اوخو == <!-- please order books alphabetically by the author's last name --> {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |title=Democracy and civil war in Spain 1931–1939 |url=https://archive.org/details/democracycivilwa0000blin |last=Blinkhorn|first=Martin|year=1988|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-00699-6}} * {{Cite book |title=The Last Crusade: Spain 1936 |last=Carroll|first=Warren H|author-link=Warren H. Carroll|year=2004|publisher=Christendom Press|isbn=978-0-931888-67-0}} * Cerdá, Néstor. "Political Ascent and Military Commander: General Franco in the Early Months of the Spanish Civil War, July–October 1936," ''American Revolutionary war with the PVMJournal of Military History'' 75#4 (October 2011): 1125–57. * Lines, Lisa. "Francisco Franco as Warrior: Is It Time for a Reassessment of His Military Leadership?." ''Journal of Military History'' 81.2 (2017). * {{Cite book |last=Tusell|first=Javier|date=1995|title= Franco, España y la II Guerra Mundial: Entre el Eje y la Neutralidad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7u1mAAAAMAAJ |language=es|publisher=Ediciones Temas de Hoy|isbn=9788478805013}} * {{Cite book |last= Franco|first=Francisco |year=1922 |title=Marruecos : diario de una bandera |publisher= Madrid Pueyo |oclc= 434161881}} * {{Cite book |last= [[Carlton J. H. Hayes|Hayes]]|first=Carlton J.H. |year=1945 |title=Wartime mission in Spain, 1942–1945 |url= https://archive.org/details/wartimemissionin0000haye|url-access= registration|publisher= Macmillan Company 1st Edition |isbn= 9781121497245}} * {{Cite book |last= [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Hoare]]|first=Sir Samuel |year=1946 |title=Ambassador on Special Mission|url=https://archive.org/details/ambassadoronspec0000temp |url-access= registration|location= UK|publisher= Collins; First Edition |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ambassadoronspec0000temp/page/124 124]–125}} * {{Cite book |last= [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Hoare]] |first=Sir Samuel |date=1947 |title= Complacent Dictator |url= https://archive.org/details/complacentdictat0000temp|url-access= registration|publisher=A.A. Knopf |asin=B0007F2ZVU}} {{refend}} == ائشیک باغلانتیلار == {{Sister project links |Francisco Franco |s = no |v = no |wikt = no }} {{Wikisource|Adolf Hitler's Letter to General Franco (6 February 1941)}} * {{PM20 |FID = pe/023777 }} {{-}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef |before = [[Manuel Azaña]] |as = [[President of Spain]] }} {{s-ttl |title = [[List of heads of state of Spain|Head]] of the [[Francoist Spain|Spanish State]] |years = 1 October 1936 – 20 November 1975 }} {{s-aft |after = [[Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel]] |as =[[List of Spanish regents|President of the Regency Council]] }} {{s-break}} {{s-bef |before = [[Juan Negrín]] }} {{s-ttl |title = [[List of Prime Ministers of Spain|Prime Minister of Spain]] |years = 30 January 1938 – 8 June 1973 }} {{s-aft |after = [[Luis Carrero Blanco]] }} {{s-end}} {{Prime Ministers of Spain}} {{Franco-Spanish conquest of Morocco}} {{PLH Recipients}} {{Nazis South America}} {{Fascism}} {{Authority control}} [[بؤلمه:ایسپانیالی ژنراللار]] [[بؤلمه:ایسپانیالی سیاستچیلر]] m4vwwucmz58607gzseyglywrsy4xby4 0 612420 1590734 1542220 2026-07-15T10:44:38Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Electronic music | other_names = [[Electronica]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Michael|date=2012|title=Popular Music in America: The Beat Goes On|url=https://archive.org/details/popularmusicinam0000camp_i1y4|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|edition=4th|chapter=Electronica and Rap|isbn=978-0-84002976-8}}</ref> | stylistic_origins = * [[Modernism (music)|Modernism]] * [[Futurism (music)|Futurism]] | derivatives = * [[Ambient music|Ambient]] * [[Drone music|drone]] * [[dub music|dub]] * [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] * [[هیپ هاپ موزیک]] * [[New-age music|new-age]] * [[New wave music|new wave]] * [[Noise music|noise]] * [[neo soul]] * [[psychedelic music|psychedelic]] * synthedelia<ref>{{cite web | url=https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2018/05/synthedelia | title=Synthedelia: Psychedelic Electronic Music in the 1960s }}</ref> | other_topics = * [[Avant-garde music]] * [[computer music]] * [[electronics in rock music]] * [[experimental music]] * [[music technology (electronic and digital)]] * [[timeline of electronic music genres]] }} [[فایل:Siemens Studio for Electronic Music - Console, Signal generator, Tape recorders - Deutsches Museum, 2010.jpg|بندانگشتی|الکترونیک موزیکین یاپیملاری]] '''الکترونیک موسیقی''' ({{اینگیلیسجه|Electronic music}}) بیر نؤوع [[موزیک]] دیر. بو موزیک الکترونیک یاپیملارییلا چالینیر. اؤرنک [[سینفسایزر]]، [[کامپیوتر]] و بعضا [[تئیپ رکوردر]]. ==قایناقلار== {{اتک‌یازی}} {{Authority control}} {{مین مقاله}} [[بؤلمه:الکترونیک موسیقی]] [[بؤلمه:۲۱. یوز ایلده موسیقی]] oaj6ba25o4juzycrsoefn6i2vfk78pl 0 613108 1590621 1545861 2026-07-15T06:31:20Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Combat 18 | image = SS Totenkopf Fahne.svg | motto = {{ubl|''Whatever it takes''|{{lang|la|Oderint dum metuant}} ("let them hate, so long as they fear", [[Lucius Accius]])|''White Revolution is the only solution''}} | caption = C18 uses the [[Totenkopf]] as its symbol.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.counterextremism.com/supremacy/combat-18 | title=Combat 18 | work=[[Counter Extremism Project]] | date=6 October 2020 | access-date=6 October 2020 | archive-date=11 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011135149/https://www.counterextremism.com/supremacy/combat-18 | url-status=live }}</ref> | abbreviation = C18, 318 | formation = 1992 | founders = [[David Myatt]]<br>Charlie Sergant<br/>[[Harold Covington]] | founding_location = {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] (Country of origin) | type = *[[Accelerationism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hopenothate.org.uk/2020/10/30/from-the-hope-not-hate-archive-accelerationism-leaderless-resistance-and-combat-18/|title=Accelerationism, Leaderless resistance and Combat 18|date=3 January 2023|work=[[Hope not Hate]]|author=Patrik Hermansson|access-date=4 January 2023|archive-date=4 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104100101/https://hopenothate.org.uk/2020/10/30/from-the-hope-not-hate-archive-accelerationism-leaderless-resistance-and-combat-18/|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Neo-fascism]] *[[Neo-nazism]] *[[White nationalism]] *[[White supremacy]] *[[Anti-homosexuality]] *[[Anti-zionism]] *[[Antisemitism]] *[[Order of Nine Angles|ONA Satanism]] (''factions'') *[[Right-wing terrorism]] | status = Active<br> Banned in [[Germany]] | purpose = Paramilitary fomenting white nationalist revolution, against the supposed [[Zionist Occupation Government]]. | headquarters = * {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] *{{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Germany]] *{{flagdeco|Canada}} [[Canada]] | affiliations = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Order of Nine Angles.svg}} [[Order of Nine Angles]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Lowles|first=Nick|title=White Riot: The Violent Story of Combat 18|url=https://archive.org/details/whiteriotviolent0000lowl|publisher=Milo Books|year=2003|isbn=1-903854-00-8}}</ref><br> | key_people = William Browning, Charlie Sargent, [[Harold Covington]], Del O'Connor, [[David Myatt]] | location = {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] }} '''کومبات ۱۸''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]:Combat 18) یا دا '''سی ۱۸''' ([[اینگیلیسجه]]:C 18) [[بریتانیا]] دا یارانمیش [[نئو نازی]] ایدئولوژی‌سی اولان بیر تشکیلاتی ایدی بو تشکیلات میلادی نین ۱۹۹۲ ایلینده یارانمیش دیر. ==آد== کومبات ۱۸ ده کی عموما سی ۱۸ گوستیریلیر ۱۸ عددی [[آدولف هیتلر]]‌ین آنلامین وریر [[لاتین الیفباسی]]ندا آ ۱ینجی و ه ۸ینجی حرف دیر. ==قایناقلار== 17mz3w648po0q5368f2ffzewico9fvc 0 613253 1590724 1552855 2026-07-15T10:35:35Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Henoch–Schönlein purpura | synonyms = IgA vasculitis,<ref name="ChapelHill">{{cite journal |author1=J. C. Jennette |author2=R. J. Falk |author3=P. A. Bacon |display-authors=etal |date=January 2013 |title=2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides |journal=[[Arthritis & Rheumatology|Arthritis & Rheumatism]] |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1002/art.37715 |pmid=23045170|doi-access=free }}</ref> anaphylactoid purpura,<ref name="Bolognia"/> purpura rheumatica,<ref name="Bolognia"/> Schönlein–Henoch purpura<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |vauthors=Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL |title=Dermatology |url=https://archive.org/details/dermatology0001unse_n3v9 |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1}}</ref> | image = Henoch-schonlein-purpura.jpg | caption = Typical purpura on lower legs and [[buttocks]] | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛ|n|ə|k|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|n|l|aɪ|n|,_|ˈ|ʃ|oʊ|n|-}} | field = [[Rheumatology]], [[Immunology]] | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} [[فایل:Purpura Schonlein Henoch.JPG|بندانگشتی|هنوخ شوئن لاین پورپوراسی]] [[فایل:The diseases of infancy and childhood - designed for the use of students and practitioners of medicine (1918) (14597763567).jpg|بندانگشتی|هنوخ شوئن لاین پورپوراسی ۲]] ایقا واسکولیتیس آدلانان هینوخ- شونلین پورپا ('''HSP''') ، دَرینین، گورونکلرین، [[بوغاز (اورقان)|بوغاز]]<nowiki/>لارین و [[معده]]- آنت لاری نین کئچئک قان و قان داماری نین آلتیندان آلتیشماسی دیر.آز دا چوخ آغزی و یا بالونلار ایشتیراک اولونور.علامتلرین دن عبارت دیر: دری دکی قیپ قیرمیزی (قیرمیزی پارچالار) و یا پیتاکیا (قیرمزی نقطه لر) و یا دا ایحتمالا ایچکی آغریسی و [[قارین آغریسی]].آرکائز اساساً پایلارا تأثیر گؤستریر.قاریشیق لار بؤيروکلرین شکيلدن و اینتوسوسسپئسییون دن عیبارت اولا بیلر.<ref name="Stat2020">{{cite journal |last1=Roache-Robinson |first1=P |last2=Hotwagner |first2=DT |title=Henoch Schonlein Purpura |date=January 2020 |pmid=30725937}}</ref><ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Stat2020" /> HSP چوخ واخت گوزونون یا دا [[گاستروانتریت|گستروئنترئتیسین]] آلتیندان آلتینا گلن اینفیکشنلا اؤنجه گلیر.اساس میکانیزم، آز قان وادیندا اینتیبادی ایمونوگلوبولین A (IgA) اولان مودافیعه قوروملارینین قورولوشونا ندن اولور.تشخيص یوخسا تانیم، آز پلاکت لرين اولدوغو علامتلري اوستونده قورولوب.<ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Stat2020" /> درمان یوخسا دۆزلتمک عمومیتله بؤيرکلرین پایلاشماسینا آغریسینا گؤره [[استامینوفن|پاراساتامول]] (آسیتامینوفن) و هردن NSAID لر ایشلدیلینیر.اگر بؤيرکلر بو پروسئسده اولسا، قورتیکوس تروئیدلر، پلازما آچیش، ایمونوسپرپرسنس و ACE inhibitors داخیل اولا بیلر.چوخ آدام دؤرد هفته ایچینده یاخشیلاشیر، گرچی تکرار اولماسی خطرلی دیر.بؤیوکلرده، پیچلئشلر داها چوخ باش وئریر.<ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Stat2020" /> بو دوروم چوخ آز گؤرۆنمۆش دۆر.[[اوشاق|اوشاقلار]] ان چوخ بو ائتکیدن دۆشۆرۆرلر و بو جمعیتده هر 100 مین نفرده هر ایل ۱۵ نفرده بو ائتکی باش وئریر.بو آد آلمانلی بیلیم یوردلار یوحن شونلین و [[Eduard Henoch|ادوارد هینوک]] آدینا آلینیر، آمما ۱۸۰۰-جی ایللرین باشلاریندا ویلیام هبردن طرفیندن ایلک آنادیلیر.<ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Stat2020" /> == قایناقلار == <references /> gv56pwqjaw3ub174gdlks2d58jd7mkd 0 613257 1590658 1590436 2026-07-15T07:50:53Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Parkinson's disease|synonyms=Parkinson disease, idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, hypokinetic rigid syndrome, paralysis agitans, shaking palsy|image=Paralysis agitans (1907, after St. Leger).png|caption=Illustration of Parkinson's disease by [[William Gowers (neurologist)|William Richard Gowers]], first published in ''A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System'' (1886)|alt=Two sketches (one from the front and one from the right side) of a man, with an expressionless face. He is stooped forward and is presumably having difficulty walking.|field=[[Neurology]]|Symptoms=[[tremor|Shaking]], [[Spasticity|rigidity]], [[Hypokinesia#Bradykinesia|slowness of movement]], [[gait abnormality|difficulty walking]]<ref name=NIH2016 />|complications=[[Parkinson's disease dementia|Dementia]], [[major depressive disorder|depression]], anxiety<ref name=Sv2016 />|Onset=Age over 60<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Car2016>{{cite book|vauthors=Carroll WM|title=International Neurology|date=2016|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118777367|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRl6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908154209/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRl6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref>|Duration=|causes=Unknown<ref name=Lancet2015 />|risks=[[Pesticide]] exposure, [[head injuries]]<ref name=Lancet2015 />|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=NIH2016 />|differential=[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]], [[progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[essential tremor]], [[antipsychotic]] use<ref>{{cite book|vauthors= Ferri FF|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url= https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter P|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|Treatment=Medications, surgery<ref name=NIH2016 />|Medication=[[L-DOPA]], [[dopamine agonist]]s<ref name=Sv2016 />|Prognosis=[[Life expectancy]] ~ 15 years{{medcn|date=July 2020}}<ref name=Ley2018>{{medcn|date=July 2020}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Golbe LI, Leyton CE |title=Life expectancy in Parkinson disease |journal=Neurology |volume=91 |issue=22 |pages=991–992 |date=November 2018 |pmid=30381371 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000006560 |type= Editorial}}</ref>|frequency=6.2 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | author1 = GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators }}</ref>|Deaths=117,400 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | author1 = GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators }}</ref>}} پارکینسون یا دا ساده جه '''پارکینسون ناخوشلوغو،''' مرکزی عصب سیستئمینین اوزون مودّتلی ایستیفاده ائتدیی و اساساً موتور سیستمی ائتکیلندیریر بیر اختلال دیر.بو مرضین یاخینلاشدیریلماسی ایله موتورلوق علامتلر داها دا چوخ یاییلیر.علامتلر معمولاً آرتیق گؤرونه جک.بو ناخوشلوقدان باشلاناندا، ان آچیق علامتلر لرزه، سئکستلیک، حرکتین یاواشلیغی و گئتمکده چتینلیگی دیر.[[کوقنیتیولیک|دوشونجه]] و داورانیش دا موصئبتلر اولا بئلر.دئمنسیا، ناخوشلوغون گئدیجی مرحله لرینده یایین اولور.دئپراسیون و نئگارانلیق دا چوخ گؤروشور و دئپسیوناسی اولانلارین اوچده بیرئدن چوخوندا دا باش وئریر.باشقا علامتلر ده حئسّات، يوخو و [[هیجان|عاطفی]] مسئله لری دیر.اساس حرکتی علامتلرین بیرلیکده "پارکینسونزم" یا "'''پارکینسنسون''' سندروما" آدلانیر.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Parkinson's Disease Information Page|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page|website=NINDS|access-date=18 July 2016|date=30 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104201403/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Sv2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sveinbjornsdottir S | title = The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 139 Suppl 1 | pages = 318–324 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27401947 | doi = 10.1111/jnc.13691 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Sv2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Sv2016 /><ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kalia LV, Lang AE | title = Parkinson's disease | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_august-29-september-4-2015_386_9996/page/896 | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9996 | pages = 896–912 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 25904081 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 }}</ref> پارکینسون ناخوشلوغونون ندنی بللی دییر، آمما هر دوسینده ژننتیکی و محیط فاکتورلارین اولدوغونو دوشونورلر.بو ناخوشلوغو ايندي بير عايئله عضوي اولانلار اؤزلري ده توتولماق مومکوندورلار.بعضي حيواني حيواني و اوسته باش يارالاميشلار آراسيندا دا خطر آرتير، تاماكا چکنلر و [[قهوه]] و چاي ایچنلر آراسيندا خطر آزالير.بو ناخوشلوغو گؤسترن موتور علامتلر، مئتروئن اورتاق آغزی بؤلگه سی اولان substantia nigra- داکی حجرالارین اؤلوموندن آلینیر.بو سببدن بو بؤلگه ده دوپامین کافی اولمامیش.بو سل اؤلومونون سببی آز دا آنلانیلیر، آمما نئرونلاردا لیوی بدنلرینه پروتئئنلرین قورولماسی ایله باغلی دیر.عادي حاللارین دیآگنوزو اساساً علامتلر اساسيندا یئرلشیب، نورو ایماجنگ کیمی تستلر باشقا خسته لیکلرین ایستیفاده اولونماسی اوچون ایستیفاده ائدیلیر.<ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Lancet2015 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> پارکنسون ناخوشلوغونا درمان يوخدور.درمانين هدفي علامتلرين خفیفلشدیریلمسی.ایلک درمان، عادي اولاراق، پارکنسون ضد دوا لئودوپادا (L- DOPA) اولور و لئودوبا داها دا مؤثّر اولماسا، دوپامین اگونستلرینی قبول ائدیر.بو خسته لیگین گئدن و نورونلارین ائتمه سی دوام ائدنده، بو دارالاری داها دا مؤثّر اولمور و او زامان کی، اؤز ایستییارتمه سیله گؤرولن پیچلئشلر یارادیر.رژیم و بعضی نوع رئابلیتیشن simptomلاری یاخشیلاشدیریندا بیر قدر مؤثریت گؤستریر.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Sv2016 /> درئن مغز قوزغاتماسی اوچون میکرو الکترودلارین یئرلشدیرمه سینین جراحاسی، دارالاری نین مؤثریتسیز اولدوغو آغیر شکیلده موتور علامتلرین آزالماسی اوچون ایستیفاده ائدیلیب.دَیَرلر، یوخو ایسه ایشلر و ایماسییالی پروبلئملر کیمی حرکاتلا باغلی اولمایان PD علامتلرین درمان اوچون داها آز دیر.<ref name=NIH2016 /> ۲۰۱۵ ایلینده پارکینسون ۶/۲ میلیون اینسانی بولاشدیردی و دۆنیادا پارکینسون توتماق سونوجوندا ۱۱۷,۴۰۰ اؤلۆم اولدو پارکینسون ۶۰ یاشیندا اولان اینسانلارین آراسیندا چوخ اولور، کی بو باشدان یوخاری دا اولان لارین آراسیندا یوزده بیر دیر. ائرکک برده قدین لار ان داها چوخ اولور میزانی ۳_۲ دیر اگر پارکینسون ۵۰ باشدان اؤنجه اولسا اونا ائرکن دئییلیر. بو مریضلیگی توتانلار ۷_۱۵ ایل آرتیق یاشاییر لار . پارکینسون مریضلیگین آدی اینگیلیسلی بیلیم آدامی جیمز پارکینسون دان دیر. == قایناقلار == Borderline personality disorder c29ilk1k0401c0qegoo844lt2ifn3s0 0 613261 1590686 1562274 2026-07-15T08:57:56Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect-multi|3|ADD|ADHD|Hyperactive}}{{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=|image=|caption=|alt=An image of children|field=[[Psychiatry]], [[pediatrics]]|synonyms=Attention-deficit disorder, hyperkinetic disorder (ICD-10)|Symptoms=Difficulty paying [[attention]], excessive activity, [[impulsivity|difficulty controlling behavior]]<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=DSM5 />|complications=|Onset=Before age 6–12<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |work=Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |title=Symptoms and Diagnosis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html |publisher=Division of Human Development, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=3 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107202516/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html |archive-date=7 November 2014 }}</ref>|Duration=>6 months<ref name=CDC />|causes=Both [[Genetic disorder|genetic]] and [[environmental factors]]<ref name="nimh">{{cite web|author=NIMH|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Easy-to-Read)|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|year=2013|access-date=17 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414031036/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=Koo2019>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kooij JJ, Bijlenga D, Salerno L, Jaeschke R, Bitter I, Balázs J, etal | title = Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD | journal = European Psychiatry | volume = 56 | pages = 14–34 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30453134 | doi = 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001 | doi-access = free }}</ref>|risks=|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms after other possible causes ruled out<ref name=NIH2016 />|differential=Normally active young child, [[conduct disorder]], [[oppositional defiant disorder]], [[learning disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[fetal alcohol spectrum disorder]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ferri |first=Fred F. |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders |url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr |date=2010 |publisher=Elsevier/Mosby |isbn=978-0323076999 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=Chapter A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zubler, MD, FAAP |first1=Jennifer |last2=Weitzman, MD, FAAP |first2=Carol |last3=Sloane, DO |first3=Mark |last4=Singh, MPA |first4=Natasha |last5=Senturias, MD, FAAP |first5=Yasmin N. |last6=Kosofsky, MD, PhD |first6=Barry |last7=Kable, PhD |first7=Julie |last8=Fernandez-Baca, MA |first8=Daniel |last9=Dang, MPH |first9=Elizabeth |last10=Chasnoff, MD, FAAP |first10=Ira |last11=Bertrand PhD |first11=Jacquelyn |last12=Balachova PhD |first12=Tatiana |last13=Hagan Jr. MD, FAAP |first13=Joseph F. |title=Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |journal=Pediatrics |year=2016 |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=e20151553 |publisher=American Journal of Pediatrics |doi=10.1542/peds.2015-1553 |pmid=27677572 |pmc=5477054 |accessdate=22 May 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320042016/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|Prevention=|Treatment=[[psychotherapy|Counseling]], lifestyle changes, medications<ref name=NIH2016 />|Medication=[[CNS stimulants|Stimulants]], [[atomoxetine]], [[guanfacine]], [[clonidine]]<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A |date=November 2017 |title=Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1283–1307 |doi=10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y |pmc=5656703 |pmid=28429134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jain R, Katic A |s2cid=3807877 |date=August 2016 |title=Current and Investigational Medication Delivery Systems for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders |volume=18 |issue=4 |doi=10.4088/PCC.16r01979 |pmid=27828696}}</ref>|Prognosis=|frequency=51.1 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal |author=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>|Deaths=}} '''دیقت اسکیلمه سی چوخلی چلیشما پوزوکلوگی''' ('''ADHD''') نیورودولپومنت نوعونون بیر ذهنی پوزوکلوگی ایختلالیدیر. او، دقت ائتمه یه، چوخ چاليشماغا و عاقئبتلرینه باخماياراق عمل ائتمه یه چتینلریله باخير، بو دا شخصین یاشینا گؤره اویقون اولماز.ADHD-ه بولاشان بعضي آداملار دا عواطیفلرینی مونظم ائتمکده چتينليکلر گؤرسهدیرلر و یا ایجرا یوخسا ایشین گؤرمک ده چکمکده چتینلیکلر گؤستریرلر.دئییل کی، علامتلر شخصین اون ایکی یاشینا چاتمامادان، آلتین دان چوخ آیلار عرضئنده گؤرونمه لی و حداقل ایکی ساحه ده (اوخوللار، ائو، یا تفریحی چالیشمالار) سورونلارین ندن اولمالیدیر.اوشاقلاردا، دیقتله مشغول اولماسي سورون لاری اوخول ده ضعیف سونوج لار قازانیب.علاوه اولاراق، باشقا ذهني ایختلاللار یوخسا پوزولمالار و موادين اعتیدالسيز و یا آزالماسي ائله باغليدير.<ref name=DSM5>{{cite book | author=American Psychiatric Association | title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | year=2013 | publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing | location=Arlington | isbn=978-0-89042-555-8 | pages=59–65 | edition=5th}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|date=March 2016|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|access-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723192735/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|archive-date=23 July 2016}}</ref> گرچی بو، چاغداش دؤورده بویوک معلولیتلره ندن اولور، آمما ADHD-ه بولاشان چوخ آداملار، اؤزلرینه علاقه لری و یا پاداش لی گؤروندوغو (هیپر فوکوس) ایشلر اوچون داواملی دیقت ائتدیررلر. اوشاقلار و یا جاوانلار آراسيندا ان چوخ اؤیرنمه لی و تشخیص اولونان ذهنی پوزولماسا دا، چوخلو قضیالاردا دوغرو سبب معلوم اولماز.ژنتیک فاکتورلارین خطرین ۷۵% -ینی تشکیل ائدیرلر. بو، دوْغوم واختيندا نئکوتئنله قاريشماق اوچون بيئتده خطر اولا بئلر. بو، آتا-آنالارين تربئيه و يا تربئيه سينه باغلي گؤرونمه يير. DSM- IV معیارلاری ایله تشخیص ائدیلن اوشاقلارين 5-7%-ی و ICD-10 معیارلاری ایسته ییلن 1-2%-ی اینتیشار. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده، بو مرضین دونیادا ۵۱.۱ میلیون نفرین ائتکیلندیگی تخمین ائدیلیب.اؤلکولر آراسيندا بو شرحلر ايشي بيلر و چوخ دا بو آنلاينمايا گؤره ايشي دير. ADHD اوغلانلاردا قیزلاردا کیمسه دن ایکی قات چوخ تشخیص اولونور، گرچی اینگیلیسده اینگیلیسجه ویکی پدیاسی نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش"ADHD"، مقاله سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.<ref name=DSM5 /> اوشاقلیقدا تشخیص اولونان آداملارين 30- 50 فایزیندا بؤیوکلوکده علامتلر وار و بؤیوکلرین 2- 5 فایزیندا بو وضعیت وار. بؤیوکلرده هیپئراکتئتییتی نین عوضئنه، ایچکی نئگارانلیق باش وره بیلر. اونلار چوخ واخت بعضی یا بوتون معلولیتلرینی یاشاییش مهارتلری یاراتیرلار. بو حالتین باشقا شرایطلردن آیریلاشماسی چتین اولا بیلر و بو وضعیتین طبیعی رفتارلار ساحه سینده اولان اوجا فعالیت درجه سیندن ده آیریلاشماق چتین اولا بلر. ADHD-ه قارشی سئویش توصیه لری اؤلکه لردن اؤلکه لره فرقلی دیر و معمولاً مشورت، یاشاییش طرزینی دئشلشدیرمه و دارالاری ایله بیرلشمه یه چئوریلیر.بریتانیاداکی یوکسه لرده فقط آغیر علامتلر اولان اوشاقلاردا دوا لارین بیرینجی خطده درمان اولماسی و معتدل علامتلر اولان و یا دا مشورتله یا دا یاخشیلاشماسی ایسته ینلرده دوا لارین ایلک خطده درمان اولونماسی ایسه، ایلک خط ده درمان اولماسي ایسته میر. کانادادا و آمئریکاداکی لارښودلار، مکتبدن قاباقکی اوشاقلاردا رفتارین اولمامیجی بیر خطی توصیه ائدیر، آمما سونرا دا دوا و رفتار داورلیغی بیرلیکده توصیه اولونور. محرک لرله درمان، حداقل ۱۴ آی مؤثره لی دیر؛ آمما اوزون مودّتده مؤثره لری معلوم اولماز و بالقوه جدی جانبی تأثیرلر واردیر. ۱۸-جی عصردن بري طبي ادبياتلاردا ADHD-ه بنزهين علامتلر حاققيندا يازيلير. ADHD، اونون تشخیصی و درمانی 1970-جی ایللردن بري بحثلی ساییلیر. بو بحثلر کلینیکلر، معلمانلار، سیاست چیلر، آتا-آنالار و میدیالارین ایشتیراک ائتدیی. موضوعلار ADHD نین سببلرینی و اونون درمانيندا stimulant دارو لری نین ایستیفاده سینی دن عبارت دیر. چوخ ساغلیق معروضلاری ADHD- نی اوشاقلار و بؤیوکلرده دوغرو بیر اختلال اولاراق قبول ائدیرلر و علمی توپلومدا بحث اساساً اونو نجه تشخیص و درمان ائدیرمک باره ده دیر. بو حالت ۱۹۸۰- ۱۹۸۷ ایللر آراسیندا رسمی اولاراق '''دقت کسری''' ناغیلی ('''ADD''') آدلاندیریلمیشدی، بوندان قاباق اوشاقلیقدا هئپرکینتیک رئاکسییا آدلاندیرمیشدی. == قایناقلار == 7jb9gaelrmniaaucvj0xodq9ly1zyo0 0 613262 1590618 1584400 2026-07-15T06:27:18Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Tuberculosis|image=Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg|caption=[[Chest radiograph|Chest X-ray]] of a person with advanced tuberculosis: Infection in both lungs is marked by white arrow-heads, and the formation of a cavity is marked by black arrows.|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[pulmonology]]|synonyms=Phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, consumption|Symptoms=[[Chronic cough]], [[fever]], [[hemoptysis|cough with bloody mucus]], weight loss<ref name=WHO2015Fact />|Onset=|Duration=|causes=''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''<ref name=WHO2015Fact />|risks=Smoking, [[HIV/AIDS]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact />|Diagnosis=[[Chest X-ray|CXR]], [[microbial culture|culture]], [[tuberculin skin test]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact />|differential=[[Pneumonia]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[coccidioidomycosis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F. |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-323-07699-9|page=Chapter T|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=Screening those at high risk, treatment of those infected, [[vaccination]] with [[bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG)<ref name=Haw2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawn TR, Day TA, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Hanekom WA, Evans TG, Churchyard GJ, Kublin JG, Bekker LG, Self SG | display-authors = 6 | title = Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_microbiology-and-molecular-biology-reviews_2014-12_78_4/page/650 | journal = Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews | volume = 78 | issue = 4 | pages = 650–71 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25428938 | pmc = 4248657 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.00021-14 }}</ref><ref name=TBCon2008 /><ref name=Harr2013>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Randall E. |title=Epidemiology of chronic disease: global perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/epidemiologyofch0000harr|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-0-7637-8047-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/epidemiologyofch0000harr/page/682 682]|ref=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJLEIvX4wzoC&pg=PA682}}</ref>|Treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s<ref name=WHO2015Fact />|Medication=|frequency=25% of people (latent TB)<ref name=WHO2018Fact>{{cite web |title=Tuberculosis (TB) |url=http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |accessdate=15 September 2018 |date=16 February 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171550/http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis |url-status=live }}</ref>|Deaths=1.5&nbsp;million (2018)<ref name=Report2019>{{cite web |title=Global Tuberculosis Report |url=https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/tb19_Exec_Sum_12Nov2019.pdf?ua=1 |website=WHO |publisher=WHO |accessdate=24 March 2020 |date=2019 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217003608/https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/tb19_Exec_Sum_12Nov2019.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} توبئکولوز (TB) ورم عایله نینگ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) [[باکتری]] لری نینگ ندن بولگن یوللشی بیر یۇری.توبئکولوز عمومًا سیفراغلارینی تأثیر ائتدیر، آمما بدنین باشقا بؤلوملرینه ده تأثیر ائتدیره بیلر.چوخلو اینفیکشن لرده علامتلر یوخدور، بو حالدا بو آنلاما "لاتنت '''توبئکرولوز'''" دئییلیر.کیچیک عفونت لرین ۱۰% یاخینلاشدیریلیب چالیشقان خسته لیکده گتیریلیر و اگر درمان اولماییرسا، بو خسته لرین یاریسی یاخینجا اؤله جک.فعال سل علامتلرینده قان توتموش سسل، تب، گجه سوک و یا وزن ائتمه لر وار.بو تاریخی اولاراق وزن ائتمه سی اوزوندن "تؤکمک" آدلانمیشدی.<ref name=WHO2015Fact>{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis (TB)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730165218/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WHO2015Fact /><ref name=WHO2015Fact /><ref name=WHO2015Fact /> باشقا عضولره قارشی عفونت، چوخلو علامتلرین ندن اولا بیلر. توبئکولوز، کولکده فعال توبئکولا دوچار اولانلار سسل، تيرک، دانيشماق و یا عطاس ائتسه، بو مرض هابئله شخصدن شخصه یاییر.غاییت TB-ه دوچار اولانلار بو مرضی یاییرمیرلر.فعال اینفیکشن HIV/AIDS یالنیز و تاماشا چیلاردا داها چوخ باش وئریر.فعال توباکسین تشخیصی سینین ایکس- شعری، میکروسکوپی معاینه سی و بدن مایع لاری نین کولتورلندیریلمه سی اساسین دا دیر.<ref name=WHO2015Fact /><ref name=WHO2015Fact /> غفلتلی سل یوخسا ورم نین تشخیصی توباکولین پوست معایناسی (TST) یا دا قان معایناتینا باغلی دیر.<ref name="AP">{{cite journal | vauthors = Konstantinos A |year=2010 |title=Testing for tuberculosis |journal=Australian Prescriber |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=12–18 |df=dmy-all |doi=10.18773/austprescr.2010.005 |doi-access=free }}</ref> سلینق آلماسی، چوخ خطرلی اولانلارا غربالگری، اوزل چاغلاردا داخیل اولان حاللارین تشخیص و درمانینی و [[واکسن ب‌ث‌ژ|بیسیلس]] کالمیت- گیرین (BCG) [[واکسیناسیون|واکسیناسییا]]<nowiki/>سی ایله واکسیناسییا چئوریلمیشدیر.چوخ خطرلی اولانلار، فعال TB-ه دوچار اولان آداملارا عاييد، ائش یئری و اجتماعی علاقه لرین دن عبارت دیرلار.درمان اوزون مودّت عرضئنده چوخلو [[آنتی‌بیوتیک‌|آنتی بیوتیکلر]] ایستیفاده ائتمه یه احتیاجی وار.آنتی بیوتیک مقاومتی، چوخ دورا مقاوم توبئروکلوزی (MDR-TB) و چوخ دورا موقاوئمت اولان توبئروس (XDR-TB).<ref name=TBCon2008>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy: a handbook for national TB control programmes|date=2008|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-154667-6|page=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|df=dmy-all|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602232631/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WHO2015Fact /> ۲۰۱۸-جی ایلده دونیا اهالیسینین دؤردده بیری نین توبئکرین غاییتلی اینفیکشنو اولدوغونو دوشونورلر.هر ائل نوین اینفیکشنلار اهالیین ۱%-ده باش وئریر. ۲۰۱۸-جی ایلده فعال سلین ۱۰ میلیون دن چوخ داخیل اولموش و بو دا ۱.۵ میلیون اؤلومو باشلادی.بو اونو اینفیکسیال خسته لیکدن اؤلومون ان بؤیوک ندنی دیر. ۲۰۱۸-جی ایلده، ورم یوخسا سل چوخو جنوب-شرقی آسیا بؤلگه لرینده (4۴٪) ، آفریقا (۲۴٪) و غرب پیسفک (۱۸٪) باشلاییب. ۸ اؤلکه ده یئرلشن سلینجی دن چوخو داخیل اولموشدور: هندوستان (۲۷٪) ، چین (۹٪) ، اندونزییا (۸٪) ، فیلیپین (۶٪) ، پاکستان (۶٪), نیجریه (۴٪) اوْلانگلادش (۴٪).هر ایل یئنی کیسه لرین سایی ۲۰۰۰-جی ایلدن سونرا آزالدی.چوخ آسییا و افریقا اؤلکه لرینده کی 80٪ اینسانین مثبت اولدوغو معلوم اولور، آمما آمریکا دا کی 5 - 10٪ اینسانلارین توبروکلین یوخسا سل خسته لیگینه تستینه مثبت اولدوغو معلوم اولونور.<ref name="WHO2017Report">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/|title=Global tuberculosis report|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030205301/http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> ورم یوخسا سل [[قدیم تاریخ|قدیم]] زامانلاردان اینسان لار آراسیندا وار. == قایناقلار == <references /> ejway86221vnf0wy5zjoxutntwaqaf1 0 613266 1590733 1590479 2026-07-15T10:44:04Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Sepsis | image = Sepsis-Mikrothomben1.JPG | caption = Skin blotching and inflammation due to sepsis | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|p|s|ᵻ|s}} | symptoms = {{hlist|[[Fever]]|[[tachycardia|increased heart rate]]|[[hypotension|low blood pressure]]|[[hyperventilation|increased breathing rate]]|[[oliguria|low urine output]]| [[anuria|absent or near absent urine output]]|[[pain|severe pain]]|[[mental confusion|confusion]]<ref name=CDC2014Q/>}} | complications = {{hlist|[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]]|[[organ failure|temporary, transient, or permanent organ damage]]|[[ECMO|extra corporeal membrane oxygenation]]|[[hemodialysis|blood filtration or dialysis]]}} | onset = May be rapid (less than three hours) or prolonged (several days) | duration = | causes = [[immune system|Immune response]] triggered by an infection<ref name=Tint2011/><ref name=Deutschman2014/> | risks = {{hlist|Young or old age|[[cancer]]|[[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]]|[[major trauma]]|[[asthma]], [[COPD|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]]|[[multiple myeloma]]|[[burn]]s}}<ref name=CDC2014Q/> | diagnosis = [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]] (SIRS),<ref name=Tint2011/> [[SOFA score#Quick SOFA score|qSOFA]]<ref name="Sepsis–3_2016"/> | differential = | prevention = [[influenza vaccination]], [[Vaccinations|vaccines]], [[pneumococcal vaccination|pneumonia vaccination]] | treatment = [[Intravenous fluids]], [[antimicrobial]]s, [[vasopressors]]<ref name=CDC2014Q/><ref name= "SSC–G2016"/> | medication = | prognosis = 10 to 80% risk of death;<ref name="Sepsis–3_2016"/><ref name=Jawad2012/> These mortality rates (they are for a range of conditions along a spectrum: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) may be lower if treated aggressively and early, depending on the organism and disease, the patient's previous health, and the abilities of the treatment location and its staff | frequency = 0.2–3.0 per 1,000 a year (developed world)<ref name=Jawad2012/><ref name=Martin2012/> | deaths = }} '''سیپس،''' بدنین اینفیکشنا اولان جاوابین اونون توخوما و عضولره ضرر وورماسی ایله حیاتین اؤنونده خطرلی بیر وضعیتدیر.بو باشلانيش مرحله سي [[باغیشیقلیق سیستمی|گۆونلیک]] سيستمين قلمه آلماسي ايله يئتيريلير. چوخ گؤرن علامتلر و علامتلر: تب، اورقانیک دؤشومون آرتماسی، آغیر نفس چکمک و آج قالما.معینی اینفکاسیونلا باغلی علامتلر ده اولا بیلر، مثلاً [[آغ‌جییر ایلتیهابی|پمونییا]] ایله سسلنمه، یا بؤیرک لری نین اینفکاسسی ایله آغریسی اولان ادویه.چوخ جاوان، قوجا و گؤوْنلیک سیستمینین ضعیفلندیگی شخصلرین، معین بیر اینفئکشن علامتلرینه مالیک اولمویا بیله و بدنین حرارتی یا دا تب ریز اولماسی قارشیسیندا آز یا دا طبیعی اولا بیلر.شئدّتلي سئس، بدن عضوی نین ضعیف فعالیتینه و یا قان آخینماسینا سبب اولان سئسدیر.<ref name="Tint2011">{{cite book |last1= Jui |first1= Jonathan |chapter= Ch. 146: Septic Shock |editor-last1= Tintinalli |editor-first1= Judith E. |editor-last2= Stapczynski |editor-first2= J. Stephan |editor-last4= Cline |editor-first4= David M. |editor-last3= Ma |editor-first3= O. John |editor-last5= Cydulka |editor-first5= Rita K. |editor-last6= Meckler |editor-first6= Garth D. |display-editors= 1 | collaboration = [[American College of Emergency Physicians]] |title= Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide |url= https://archive.org/details/tintinallisemerg0000unse_7edi |edition= 7th |location= New York |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |pages= [https://archive.org/details/tintinallisemerg0000unse_7edi/page/1003 1003]–14 |year= 2011 | chapter-url= |isbn=9780071484800 }}</ref> آز قان فشار، چوخ قان laktاتی و یا آز تویوچولوقون اولدوغو قان آخینتی نین ضعیف اولدوغونو دئییر.سیپتیک شوک سیپسیس نتیجه سینده یئرینه یئتیرن و سیالین یئنی دن یئرینه قویولماسین انیق قان فشاریدیر.<ref name="SSCG2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Douglas IS, Jaeschke R, Osborn TM, Nunnally ME, Townsend SR, Reinhart K, Kleinpell RM, Angus DC, Deutschman CS, Machado FR, Rubenfeld GD, Webb SA, Beale RJ, Vincent JL, Moreno R |display-authors=2 | title = Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012 | journal = [[Critical Care Medicine (journal)|Critical Care Medicine]] | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 580–637 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23353941 | doi = 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af |doi-access= free}}</ref><ref name="SSCG2012" /> سیپسیز، اینفئکشن دن باشلانان [[باغیشیقلیق سیستمی|آلتیماعی مدافعه سی]] دیر.[[باکتری|باکتریال]] اینفکاسیونلار ان چوخ گؤروشموش سببی دیر، آمما قارچلی، [[ویروس]] و [[پروتوزویلار|پروتوزو]] اینفکراسیونلار دا سیپسین سبب اولا بیلر.باشلانيشدا باشلانيشي اينفئکسييا باشلانيشيندا پوموزلار، آغيل، يئرين، دَرّي و قارين عضولري ايشله ن يئرلر وار.خطر فاکتورلارینا چوخ جاوان، قوجا، [[سرطان]] و یا [[دیابت|دیابتی]] کیمی شرایطلردن آلتیندا اولان مدافعت سیزلیگی ضعیفله ن، بؤیوک ضربه لر و یا یاناقلارخیلیر.بوندان قاباق، سیپس دیآنوستینا گؤره، ایسه اینفیکسیون فرض اولونموش حالدا، سیستماتیک آلتیماجی جاواب سندروماسی (SIRS) نین ایکی کیمی معیاری لازیم ائدیلیردی.۲۰۱۶-جی ایلده، سوْفافا سکه سی (QSOFA) آدلانان قیسمینده آیریلیق آوروپا ناکامیاسینین نتیجه سی (SOFA score) ، SIRS دیآنوْس سیستئمینی آجیلدیریب. سیپسیس اوچون qSOFA معیار لرینده آشاغیداکی اوچ شکیلدن، ان چوخالمیش نفس سستیی، شعور لیقین دَییشیب و آشاغی قان فشارسی واردیر.سیپس لارجوکلر آنتی بیوتیکلر آلماقدان قاباق قان کولتورلری آلماغی توصیه ائدیر؛ آمما، تشخیصا گؤره قانین اینفیکتیزه اولماسی لازیم دئییل.طبی تصویرلر، اینفئکشنین احتمالی یئرینی آختاریشدا کؤمکلی دیر.بو نزه و علامتلرین باشقا سبب لرینه آنافیلاکسی، آدرنیل ناکامی، آز قان حجم، قلبی ناکامی و پلموناری امبولئسی دن عبارت دیر.<ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Sepsis–3_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC |display-authors=2 | title = The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2016-02-23_315_8/page/801 | journal = [[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]] | volume = 315 | issue = 8 | pages = 801–10 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26903338 | pmc = 4968574 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2016.0287 }}</ref><ref name="Tint2011" /><ref name="Tint2011" /> == قایناقلار: == <references /> qgioyfcn2d9f309qshdicy8gpquh1u2 0 613267 1590706 1547809 2026-07-15T09:39:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Fibromyalgia|image=Tender points fibromyalgia.svg|caption=The location of the nine paired tender points that constitute the 1990 [[American College of Rheumatology]] criteria for fibromyalgia|field=[[Psychiatry]], [[rheumatology]], [[neurology]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Neurology Now: Fibromyalgia: Is Fibromyalgia Real? {{!}} American Academy of Neurology |url=http://tools.aan.com/elibrary/neurologynow/?event=home.showArticle&id=ovid.com:/bib/ovftdb/01222928-200905050-00024 |website=tools.aan.com |accessdate=1 June 2018 |date=October 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|aɪ|b|r|oʊ|m|aɪ|ˈ|æ|l|dʒ|ə}}<ref>{{cite web|title=fibromyalgia|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/fibromyalgia|website=Collins Dictionaries|accessdate=16 March 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004020527/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/fibromyalgia|archivedate=4 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|synonyms=Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)|Symptoms=Widespread pain, feeling tired, sleep problems<ref name="pmid21303476">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ngian GS, Guymer EK, Littlejohn GO | title = The use of opioids in fibromyalgia | journal = Int J Rheum Dis | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6–11 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21303476 | doi = 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01567.x }}</ref><ref name=JAMA2014 />|complications=|Onset=Middle age<ref name=NIH2014Tx>{{cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Fibromyalgia|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/fibromyalgia/|website=NIAMS|accessdate=15 March 2016|date=July 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315112712/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/fibromyalgia/|archivedate=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|Duration=Long term<ref name="pmid21303476" />|causes=Unknown<ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=NIH2014Tx />|risks=|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes<ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=NIH2014Tx />|differential=[[Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[osteoarthritis]], [[thyroid disease]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter F|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|Treatment=Sufficient sleep and exercise, [[healthy diet]]<ref name=NIH2014Tx />|Medication=[[Duloxetine]], [[milnacipran]], [[pregabalin]], [[gabapentin]]<ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref name=Coch2017Gab>{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=TE|last2=Derry|first2=S|last3=Wiffen|first3=PJ|last4=Moore|first4=RA|title=Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=3 January 2017|volume=1|pages=CD012188|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012188.pub2|pmid=28045473|pmc=6465053}}</ref>|Prognosis=Normal life expectancy<ref name=NIH2014Tx />|frequency=2–8%<ref name=JAMA2014 />|Deaths=}} فيبروميالژي ('''FM''') ، سوزونج و چوخ ياييلميش آغري و فشارا چوخ آغريلي جاوابلارله موختلیف اولان بير طیبي دوروم دير.باشقا علامتلر عیبارت دیر: یورغونلوق، دوغال چالیشمالارین ایشلدیلمه سی، یوخو سورون لاری اوچون ایشلتمک و خاطیرلاماسی ایستیفاده ائدیلمه سی.بعضي آداملار دا راحاتليقسيز آياقلار سندروماسي، معده و يا مثانه سي ايله باغلي اولان موصئبتلر، سئرکليک و قيشقيرماق و سس، ایشيق و يا حرارته حساسيت ائتمه سيني خبر وئريرلر.فيبروميالژي چوخ واخت دئپروسييا، [[تشویش|نئگارانليق]] و پوستراوماتيک استرس ناظيرليگي ايله باغليدير.باشقا سوزون آغریلار دا چوخ واختدا واردیر.<ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=JAMA2014 /> فیبرومیالژی نین ندنی بیلینمیر، آنجاق اونا گؤره کی ژنتیک و محیط فاکتورلارینین بیرلیکده ایشتیراک ائتدیگی دوشونولور.بو حالتی عائله لرده دوام ائدیر و چوخ جینلرین ایشتیراک ائتدیگی دوشونولور. محیط فاکتورلاری سایکولوژیک ایسترس، صدمات و بعضی اینفکاسیونلارا داخیل اولا بیلر.بو آغری مرکزی عصبي سیستئمده اولان پروسئسلردن باش وئریر و بو وضعیت "مرکز حساسیت سندرومی" آدلانیر.فيبروميالژي آمریکانین میللی ساغلیق اينستيتوتلاري و آمریکانين روماتولوژي کولئجيسي طرفیندن بیر اختلال اولاراق تانینیر.معینی دیآگنوستک تست یوخدور.تشخيص، اوّل باشقا احتماللي سببلرين چيخماسيني و علامتلرين ساييينين دولو اولدوغونو يقينيلاشماغي تشکيل ائدير.<ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=NIH2014Tx /> فيبروميالژيا نين درماني چتين اولا بیلر.او، "آغزالارین اوزو" و "آغزیلارین اوزو"، "آغزلری" و "قاشقازلار" دئیه دوشونور.شیناختی یوخسا بیلیمسل داورانیش درمانی (CBT) دا یاخشی اولا بیلر.[[دولوکستین|دولوکستین،]] میلناسیپران و یا پریکابالین دارولار ایستیفاده اولونور.اوپیوئید درد داوا لرینین ایشلدیلمه سی بحثلیدیر، بعضی لر اونلارین فایدالاری نین شواهدیله ضعیف دئییل و اؤزگه لر ده دیگر دوا لارین مؤثری اولمادیغینی دئیه رلر.<ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00033-3}}</ref> دیئتییاتیک موکمیل لرین ایستیفاده سینین دئییلدیگی بیلگی لری یوخدور.فیبرومیالژی اوزون مودّت دوام ائدیر، آمّا اؤلوم و یا توخوما ضرری ائله مه یه جک.<ref name=NIH2014Tx /><ref name=NIH2014Tx /> فیبرومیالژی جمعیتین 2- 8٪ سینی ایتیریر.قادینلار کئشئلر دن قات قات چوخ بو اثردن دوچار اولورلار.بو شرحلر دونيانين مختلف ساحه لرئنده و فرقلي مدنيتلر آراسيندا فرقلي گؤرونور.فيبروميالجييا 1990- نجو ايلده ايکينجيک اولاراق تعريف اولونوب و 2011- نجو ایلده معاييرلار يئني يوکسله ندي.فيبروميالجييا نين طبقه بندي، تشخيص و درماني حاقّيندا داعوالار وار.<ref name=JAMA2014>{{cite journal|last=Clauw|first=Daniel J.|s2cid=43693607|title=Fibromyalgia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2014-04-16_311_15/page/1547|journal=JAMA|date=16 April 2014|volume=311|issue=15|pages=1547–55|doi=10.1001/jama.2014.3266|pmid=24737367}}</ref><ref name=JAMA2014 /><ref name=JAMA2014 /> بعضي آداملارين دوشونجه سي بودور کي، فئمبرومالجيا دا معاینه اولونسا، شخصي سسينده ايز-باشا تأثیر گؤستره بئلر."''فایبرو''میالژی" اصطلاحی "فایبرو- فایبرو- فیبرو- فایبرو" و "فایبریو- مایو- فایبریو" و [[یونان دیلی|یونانی]] "آلم" و "آلم"- آلگوس- فیبرومیاژومون معناسیندان آلینمیش دیر.<ref name=JAMA2014 /> == قایناقلار: == tjadwyzep89k4h1qnxxmknx4rujo9v4 0 613312 1590761 1551496 2026-07-15T11:32:24Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Huntington's disease|image=Neuron with mHtt inclusion.jpg|alt=Several neurons colored yellow and having a large central core with up to two dozen tendrils branching out of them, the core of the neuron in the foreground contains an orange blob about a quarter of its diameter|caption=An edited microscopic image of [[medium spiny neuron]]s (yellow) with [[Inclusion bodies|nuclear inclusions]] (orange), which occur as part of the disease process, image width 360&nbsp;[[micrometre|µm]]|synonyms=Huntington's chorea, Saint Vitus' dance<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawrence |first1=David M. |title=Huntington's Disease |date=2009 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9780791095867 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=n7QokRkHIlcC&pg=PA21 |language=en |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801201120/https://books.google.ca/books?id=n7QokRkHIlcC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref>|field=[[Neurology]]|Symptoms=Problems with mood, mental abilities, coordination, jerky body movements<ref name=Day2015 /><ref name=War2014 />|complications=[[Pneumonia]], [[heart disease]], physical injury from falls, [[suicide]]<ref name=Frank2014 />|Onset=30{{ndash}}50 years old<ref name=NIH2016 />|Duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2016 />|causes=[[Genetics|Genetic]] (inherited or new mutation)<ref name=NIH2016 />|risks=|Diagnosis=[[Genetic testing]]<ref name=Durr2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Durr A, Gargiulo M, Feingold J | title = The presymptomatic phase of Huntington disease | journal = Revue Neurologique | volume = 168 | issue = 11 | pages = 806–8 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 22902173 | doi = 10.1016/j.neurol.2012.07.003 }}</ref>|differential=[[Sydenham's chorea]], [[benign hereditary chorea]], [[lupus]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[Wilson's disease]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter H|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|Treatment=[[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]<ref name=War2014 />|Medication=[[Tetrabenazine]]<ref name=Frank2014 />|Prognosis=15{{ndash}}20 years from diagnosis<ref name=NIH2016 />|frequency=4{{ndash}}15 in 100,000 (European descent)<ref name=Day2015 />|Deaths=}} '''هانتینگتون ناخوشلوغو''' ('''HD''') '''هانتینګتون''' کورئیا (Huntington's chorea) آدلاناراق، آنادان آلینان و باشلانان اینسانلارین آنادان قالماسی نین سونوجوندا بئیینین سلوللارینین اؤلومو واردیر. ایلک علامتلر، چوخ واخت روحون و یا فیکری قابیلیتینده اولان ظریف سورون لاردیر. چوخ واخت، بیرلشمه یه و یا بیر آز حرکت ائتمه یه باش وئریر. مرضین گئدن واخت، بدنین چالیشمالاری داها دا گؤزه ل و چالیشماز اولور. بدن قابیلیتی تدریجله اَسیر، او قدر کی، هماهنگ حرکتلر چتینلندی و آدام دانیشیق قادیرلیغی یوخ اولور. عادي اولاراق ذهني قابيلتي ديمنسيايا چاتيرير. معروض علامتلر هر شخصدن بیر قدر فرقلی دیر. علامتلر معمولاً 30 و 50 ياشلار آراسینجا باشلاییر، آمّا هر ياشدا باشلاییر. بو مرض هر ایلدن سورا، هر دؤنمده، اؤنجه یاشامادا باشلاییر. ۸% دا چوخ آدام ۲۰ یاشینا چاتماميشدا باشلاییرلار، بو دا یاشلیلارین هئچ بیرینین دئییل، و بونلار معمولاً [[پارکینسون مریضلیگی|پارکینسون ناخوشلوغو]] کیمی علامتلرله گؤستریلیرلر. HD-ه دوچار اولانلار چوخ واخت اؤز پروبلئملرینین درجه سینی آزالیرلار.<ref name=Day2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dayalu P, Albin RL | title = Huntington disease: pathogenesis and treatment | journal = Neurologic Clinics | volume = 33 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–14 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25432725 | doi = 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.003 }}</ref><ref name=Day2015 /><ref name=War2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Caron NS, Wright GE, Hayden MR | veditors = Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A | title = Huntington Disease | journal = GeneReviews | date = 2014 | pmid = 20301482 }}</ref><ref name=Day2015 /><ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Huntington's Disease Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/huntington/huntington.htm|website=NINDS|access-date=19 July 2016|date=January 28, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727235602/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/huntington/huntington.htm|archive-date=27 July 2016|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2023-08-05|archivedate=2016-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202231243/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/huntington/huntington.htm}}</ref><ref name=Frank2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Frank S | title = Treatment of Huntington's disease | journal = Neurotherapeutics | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–60 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24366610 | pmc = 3899480 | doi = 10.1007/s13311-013-0244-z }}</ref><ref name=Day2015 /><ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=Day2015 /> HD عادي اولاراق میراث آلینار، گرچی ۱۰% دا چوخ حادثه نین یئنی موتاسیونون ندن اولدوغو یئرلشیب. بو مرض هانتینگتون آدلانان جینین فردین ایکی کپیسینده اوتوسومال داور موتاسییاسیندان ندن اولور. بو اینسانین بویو اینسانین بالاسی اینسانین اینسانلیغینی آلماق اوچون ۵۰% شانس وار. هانتینتین جین هانتینتین آدلانان پروتئینه ژنتیک معلومات وئریر. هانتینتین پروتئینی نین جین کودلاشماسیندا CAG (سیتوسین-ادینین-گوانین) تریپلتی نین گئنیشلندیریلمه سی، آنورمال بیر [[پروتئین|پروتئینه]] ندن اولور کی، آنلاما چاتمایان میکانیزملار ایله بئیین دهکی حئیوانلارا تدریجله ضرر چکه جک. تشخيص، ژننئتيک تستلرله اولور و بو، علامتلر اولماسا دا، هر واخت آپاريلماز. بو، نئچه داورانیش بحثین اورتایا چیخاردی: فردین تست سئچمه یه قدر بؤیوک اولان بیر یاشا قارشی ساییلانماسی؛ آتا-آنالارین اوشاقلارینی تست ائتمه حاقی وار یا یوخ؟ و تست سونوج لارینین گیزلی لیک و آشکارلاشماسی نین ایداره سی.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=Day2015 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> HD-ه درمان يوخدور. مرضین سون مرحله لرینده بوتون واختدا گؤزلمک لازیمدیر. درمانلار بعضي علامتلرين آرالاريني آلديرار و بعضي لرين یاشاییشین کيفيتيني آرتيرار. حرکت مسئله لرینین درمانینا گؤره ان یاخشی شواهید، [[تترابنازین|تترابینازین]] دیر. HD، 100000 نفرده 4-15 نفرین اوروپا دوغوملو اولدوغونو وورور. ژاپونلار آراسيندا چوخ نادیر، آمّا آفریقا دا بو حادثه نین گؤستریلمه سی معلوم ديئل. بو مرض اَرلر و قادینلارین هئچ نه قدر اؤنملی اولماسی ایسته ییر. [[آغ‌جییر ایلتیهابی|پمونی،]] [[اورک‌توتما مریضلیگی|قلبی]] و دوشومدن گلن جراحتلر کیمی komplikاتلار، عؤمرون اوزونلوغونو آزالدیریر. اؤلومون ندنی اؤزکشیلیک دیر. اؤلوم، عادي اولاراق، ناخوشلوقون اوّلجه کشف اولماسيندان 15-20 ایل سورا باش وئریر.<ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=Frank2014 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> بو ناخوشلوغو ایلک دفعه ۱۸۴۱-جی ایلده آمریکالی طبيب چارلز اوسکار واترزین شرح ائتدیی. بو وضعیت 1872 ایلینده آمریکالی بیلیم یوردو جرج هانتینگتون طرفیندن داها دا دقیق شرحلندی. ژنتیک اساس 1993-جی ایلده ایرثیتلی خسته لیک فونداسیونین رهبرینده بیر بین المللی ایشتیراک چالیشمالاری ایله کشف ائدیلدی.<ref name="History2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vale TC, Cardoso F | title = Chorea: A Journey through History | journal = Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements | volume = 5 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26056609 | pmc = 4454991 | doi = 10.7916/D8WM1C98 }}</ref> 1960 لینین سونلاریندا، عمومی اینتیقاملیغی آرتیرماق، فردلر و اونلارین عائله لری اوچون کؤمک و تحقیقین ترویج ائدیلمه سی اوچون تدقیقات و حمایت تشکیلاتلاری تشکیل اولماغا باشلاییب. ایندیکی ایشلدنلرین ایشلدنلرینده، مرضین دوغرو میکانیزمینی تعیین ائدیب، معاینه لره یاردیم اوچون حیوانی مادللرین یئنیله دیلمه سی، علامتلرین درمان ائدیلمه سی و یا مرضین گلیشینی یاخینلاشدیرماسی اوچون دارالاری ائمتاحان ائدیلمه سی، و بو مرضدن باش وئرن زیانی یئنیله مک هدفینه گؤره کؤم خئیری درمانی کیمی پروسئدرلرین اؤرنلینه باخیر.<ref name="HDF-About Us">{{cite web|url=http://hdfoundation.org/history-of-the-hdf/|title=History of the HDF|publisher=Hereditary Disease Foundation|access-date=18 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119025644/http://hdfoundation.org/history-of-the-hdf/|archive-date=19 November 2015|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2023-08-05|archivedate=2015-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119025644/http://hdfoundation.org/history-of-the-hdf/}}</ref><ref name="Research2016">{{cite web|title=Learning About Huntington's Disease|url=https://www.genome.gov/10001215/learning-about-huntingtons-disease/|website=www.genome.gov|access-date=19 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704213713/https://www.genome.gov/10001215/learning-about-huntingtons-disease/|archive-date=4 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == fyu9ylfmqvosobftlguj079u7q30avo 0 613322 1590739 1547611 2026-07-15T10:51:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Hand, foot, and mouth disease|synonyms=Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthem|image={{Photomontage | photo1a =Hand Foot Mouth Disease.png | photo2a =Hand foot and mouth disease on child feet.jpg | size = 320 | spacing = 3 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 1 | color_border = }}|caption=*{{align|left|Top: Spots around mouth}}<br> *{{align|left|Bottom: Spots on feet}}|field=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|Symptoms=[[Fever]], [[maculopapular rash|flat discolored spots or bumps]] that may blister<ref name=Zitelli2023 />|complications=[[Onychomadesis|Temporary loss of nails]], [[viral meningitis]]<ref name=CDC2015Comp>{{cite web|title=Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Complications|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/complications.html|website=CDC|accessdate=14 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511222120/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/complications.html|archivedate=May 11, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>|Onset=2–6 days post exposure<ref name=Zitelli2023 />|Duration=1 week<ref name=Zitelli2023 />|causes=[[Coxsackievirus]] A16, [[Enterovirus 71]]<ref name=Repass2014>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF |title=Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome |journal=Cleve Clin J Med |volume=81 |issue=9 |pages=537–43 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25183845 |url=http://www.ccjm.org/content/81/9/537.long |doi=10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132 |doi-access=free |access-date=September 24, 2014 |archive-date=August 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828100821/https://www.ccjm.org/content/81/9/537.long |url-status=live }}</ref>|risks=|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms, viral culture<ref name=CDC2015Diag />|differential=|Prevention=[[Hand washing|Handwashing]]<ref name=CDC2015Cau />|Treatment=[[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]<ref name="Harrison's">{{cite book|last1=Longo|first1=Dan L.|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780071748872_2|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07174889-6|edition=18th}}</ref>|Medication=[[Analgesic|Pain medication]] such as [[ibuprofen]]<ref name=CDC2015Tx />|Prognosis=|frequency=As outbreaks<ref name=Kam2013 />|Deaths=}} '''ال، آیاق و آغیز مرضی''' ('''HFMD''') بیر دسته [[ویروس|ویروسلارین]] ندن اولدوغو یئرینه یئر آلان یئرلی بیر یوللوق عاریضاسیدیر. عادي اولاراق قيزديرما و عمومیتله ناخوشلوق حیس ائدن واخت باشلاییر. بو، بیر یا ایکي گون سورا اللر، آیاقلار و آغیزندا، هردن ایقتیدارلار، بیچیلر و بوغازلاردا چئوریلیش یا دا بیرلیکده یاشیل بیر رنگلی لکه لر یا دا بیرلشمه لرین یئرینه گلیر. علامتلر معمولاً ویروسلا قارشیلاشداندان سورا 2-6 گون سورا گؤرونور. آرکا عامله بیر هفتیه اؤزللیکله یئرلشیر.<ref name=Zitelli2023>{{cite book |last1=Michaels |first1=Marian `G. |last2=Williams |first2=John V. |editor1-last=Zitelli |editor1-first=Basil J. |editor2-last=McIntire |editor2-first=Sara C. |editor3-last=Nowalk |editor3-first=Andrew J. |editor4-last=Garrison |editor4-first=Jessica |title=Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis |date=2023 |publisher=Elsevier |edition=8th |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-77788-9 |page=459 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy1LEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA459 |language=en |chapter=13. Infectious diseases |access-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219161843/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy1LEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA459 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Zitelli2023 /><ref name=Zitelli2023 /> بارماق و آياق ناخشي سي بير نئچه هفته سورا ايچينده گتيريلير، آمّا واختلا-آيان تزه دن بؤيويورلر. ویروسلار ياخين شخص تماسلاری ایله، سسلنمه و اینفیکتیت اولونان شخصین فاکالاری ایله هوا ایله یاییلیر. آلچالمیش اشیا لری ده بو مرضین یاییلماسی ایدی. کوکسک ویروسی A16 ان چوخ گؤروشموش ندنی دیر و اینترویروسی 71 ان چوخ گؤروشوموش ندنی ده دیر.<ref name=CDC2015Cau>{{cite web|title=Causes & Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/transmission.html|website=CDC|accessdate=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514150205/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/transmission.html|archivedate=May 14, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> کوکسساک ویروسی و [[اینتروویروس|اینتروویروسی]] نین باشقا سویه لری ده بونا ندن اولا بیلر. بعضي آداملار، ناخوشلوق علامتلري اولماسا دا، فيروسو آپاريب آپارارلار. باشقا حيوانلار داخیل دئیللر. معاینه چوخ واخت علامتلر اساسيندا ائدیلیر. هردن بوئرس اوچون بوغدا و یا کولون نمونه سی کیشی لرین کیمی موعاینه اولونمالی دیر.<ref name=CDC2015Cau /><ref name=CDC2015Diag>{{cite web|title=Diagnosis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/diagnosis.html|website=CDC|accessdate=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514142722/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/diagnosis.html|archivedate=May 14, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> اللرین یویولماسی یاییلانماسی ایسه مانع اولا بیلر و اینفیکتیت اولونانلار ایش، گئجه لر اویونماسی و یا مکتبده اولمامالیدیرلار. آنتی ویروسییا داروی یا واکسیناسی نین ایلک یئرینه آلیب، آمما ایشلر دوام ائدیر. چوخلو کیسه لرده مخصوص درمان لازیم دئییل. ساده [[آغری کسیجی|درد]] دوا لارینی ایفاده ائدیرلر کیمی [[ایبوپروفن|ایبوپروفین]] و یا آغزی نین بیزلیجی جلی. هردن، آز آز ایشله نن اوشاقلارا اینترئنال سو وئریلیر. چوخ ندیر، ویروس مینهینجیتی یا آنسئفالیتی اینسانین اینسانین دردینی داها دا چوخ یاخینلاشدیریر.<ref name=CDC2015Tx>{{cite web|title=Prevention & Treatment|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/prevention-treatment.html|website=CDC|accessdate=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515044612/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/prevention-treatment.html|archivedate=May 15, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> HFMD دونيانين بوتون ساحه لرینده باش وئرير. چوخ واخت اوشاق اوشاقلار اوستانلارین و یا باغچالارین دا کیمی کیچیک یارا باش وئریر. 1997-جی ایلدن بري آسیا'دا بؤیوک وبادان باش وئریر. عادي اولاراق باهار، ياي و دوش آيلاري ايله باش وئرير. عادي اولاراق، بش ياشين آشاغي اولان اوشاقلاردا باش وئرير، آمّا هردن بؤيوموشلرده باش وئرير. HFMD، بالاجی جانلیلارین چوخو ایتیریلن آغزی و آغزی و آغیزی مرضی (او دا آغزی و آلتی ایتیریلیشی) ایله قارشیلاشمالی دئییل.<ref name="CDC2015Epi">{{cite web|title=Outbreaks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/outbreaks.html|website=CDC|accessdate=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517180547/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/outbreaks.html|archivedate=May 17, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="CDC2015Epi" /><ref name=Kam2013>{{cite journal |last1=Kaminska |first1=K |last2=Martinetti|first2=G |last3=Lucchini |first3=R|last4=Kaya|first4=G|last5=Mainetti|first5=C|title=Coxsackievirus A6 and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Three Case Reports of Familial Child-to-Immunocompetent Adult Transmission and a Literature Review|journal=Case Reports in Dermatology|volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=203–209 |year=2013|pmid=24019771|doi=10.1159/000354533 |pmc=3764954}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == d8nmmhs9nxa92mjmkx0s51buqwrzs1v 0 613482 1590729 1548219 2026-07-15T10:40:48Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Pulmonary embolism|image=SaddlePE.PNG|caption=Chest spiral [[CT scan]] with [[radiocontrast]] agent showing multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation ("saddle" pulmonary embolism) and in the [[pulmonary artery|pulmonary arteries]]|field=[[Hematology]], [[cardiology]], [[pulmonology]]|Symptoms=[[dyspnea|Shortness of breath]], [[chest pain]], coughing up blood<ref name=NIH2011Sym />|complications=[[Syncope (medicine)|Passing out]], [[shock (circulatory)|abnormally low blood pressure]], [[cardiac arrest|sudden death]]<ref name=Goldhaber>{{cite book | vauthors = Goldhaber SZ |veditors=Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS |title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine| url = https://archive.org/details/harrisonsprincip0000denn_n2s5 |edition=16th |year=2005 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-07-139140-5 |pages=1561–65 |chapter=Pulmonary thromboembolism|display-editors=etal}}</ref>|onset=Advanced age<ref name=NIH2011Risk />|Duration=|causes=|risks=[[Cancer]], prolonged [[bed rest]], [[smoking]], [[stroke]], certain [[genetics|genetic]] conditions, [[hormone replacement therapy|estrogen-based medication]], [[pregnancy]], [[obesity]], after surgery<ref name=NIH2011Risk />|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[D-dimer]], [[CT pulmonary angiography]], [[lung ventilation/perfusion scan]]<ref name=NIH2011Diag />|differential=|Prevention=|treatment=[[Anticoagulant]]s ([[heparin]], [[warfarin]], [[DOACs]])<ref name=Chest2016 />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=~450,000 per year (USA), 430,000 (Europe)<ref name=NIH2011What>{{cite web|title=What Is Pulmonary Embolism?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312125204/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe|archive-date=12 March 2016|df=}}</ref><ref name="Epi2005" /><ref name=Ras2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raskob GE, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco AN, Buller H, Gallus A, Hunt BJ, Hylek EM, Kakkar A, Konstantinides SV, McCumber M, Ozaki Y, Wendelboe A, Weitz JI | display-authors = 6 | title = Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | volume = 34 | issue = 11 | pages = 2363–71 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25304324 | doi = 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304488 | doi-access = free }}</ref>|Deaths=50,000–200,000 per year (USA)<ref name="Epi2005" /><ref name="Robbins Pathology">{{cite book|vauthors=Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9 |page=98}}</ref>}} '''پولمونري''' ایمبوليزم ('''PE''') ، قان آخينتي ايله بدنين باشقا يئرلریندن يئرلشميش ماددا، پلموناریتريادا اولان بير آرتریياين قيراغلانماسيدير (امبوليزم). ای ای نین علامت لرینده نفس آلماسی، خصوصاً نفس آلماقدا سینین آغریسی و قان توستولماسی دا اولا بیلر. آیاقدا قان قوتوسو اولان علامتلر ده اولا بیلر، مثلاً، قیرمیزی، یاخین، سوخوم و آغریلی آیاق. پ. ای. نین علامتلرینده قانداکی آز اوکسیژن لیق، تز نفس آلما، تز اۆرک ریتمی و بعضاً یاخشی یاغیش وار.<ref name=NIH2011Sym>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/signs|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309014739/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/signs|archive-date=9 March 2016|df=}}</ref> آغير حاللار، آغري ائتمه يه، قان فیشاريني آزالتماغا و قفلتن اؤلومه ندن اولور. PE معمولاً پایدا قانین توخوماسیندان و پئتکایا گتیریلیر. قان توتانماسی خطرینی [[سرطان|سرطان،]] اوزون مودّت یاتاقدا اوتورما، تاماکا توتما، جیرج، بعضی ژنتیکی شرایط، استروژن اساسین داوا، [[حامیله‌لیک|امیری،]] کؤکلوگی و بعضی نوع جراحیلر آرتیرار. چوخ آز دا اولسا، بو حادثه لرین سببسیزلیک هوا، یا دا یاغین یاغین سیالین داخیل اولماسی دیر. تشخيص، تست سونوجوندا قوشولماسيندا علامتلر و علامتلر اساسيندا اولونور. اگر خطر آز اولسا، D- dimer آدلانان قان معایناسی بو دورومون ایستیفاده ائتمه سینی ایسته ییر. باشقا حالدا، CT پلمونري آنجئوجرافي، پلمونرو کولوش/ پرفوزيون سکن، و يا آياقلارين آلتراسونو تشخيصي تأييد ائده بیلر. درین vena trombosis و PE بیرلیکده venaus thromboembolism (VTE) آدلانیر.<ref name=NIH2011Diag>{{cite web|title=How Is Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/diagnosis|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407071108/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/diagnosis|archive-date=7 April 2016|df=}}</ref><ref name=NIH2011Diag /> PE- نی قاباغی آلماق اوچون چاليشمالار، جراحی دن سونرا هر زامان کیشی حرکت ائتمه یه باشلاماق، اوتورموش دوروملاردا آیاقلارین آشاغی بؤلومو مشقلر و بعضی نوع جراحیلردن سورا قانین دولوغونلاشدیجی لری ایستیفاده ائتمه یه چالیشمالارین داخیل دیر. درمان [[هپارین|هئپارین،]] [[وارفارین]] و یا دیرک عمل ائدن ده کجه ضد قان تؤره دن ضد قان تؤرن ماده لر (DOAC) ایله باش وئریر. بو لار حداقل اوچ آي اوچون توصیه اولونور. آغیر حاللاردا تویوپ پلاسمینوجن اکتیوتاژور (tPA) کیمی بیر دوروملا ترامبیلیس لازیم اولا بیلر و بعضی لر ده جراحی (پولمونی ترامبیکتومی) لازیم اولا بیلیر.<ref name=Chest2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, Huisman M, King CS, Morris TA, Sood N, Stevens SM, Vintch JR, Wells P, Woller SC, Moores L | display-authors = 6 | title = Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report | journal = Chest | volume = 149 | issue = 2 | pages = 315–352 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26867832 | doi = 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 }}</ref> اگر قانین دولوچولاری دوزلو اولمایان اولسا، موقتی vena cava filter ایستیفاده اولونمالیدیر.<ref name="NIH2011Tx">{{cite web|title=How Is Pulmonary Embolism Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/treatment|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309014151/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/treatment|archive-date=9 March 2016|df=}}</ref> پلمونري امبولئيالار هر ايل يوروپا دا 430.000 نفرين باشينا گتيرير. آمریکادا هر ائل ۳۰۰ مین و ۶۰۰ مین نفرین آراسین دا موسلمانلار واردیر و بونونلا ۵۰ مین و ۲۰۰ مین نفرین اؤلومو واردیر. نرلر و قادینلار آراسيندا بو شرحلر ايشله یه بيلر. اونلار ياشلي اولاندا داها دا چوخ ياييليريرلار.<ref name="Epi2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rahimtoola A, Bergin JD | title = Acute pulmonary embolism: an update on diagnosis and management | journal = Current Problems in Cardiology | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 61–114 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15650680 | doi = 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2004.06.001 }}</ref><ref name=NIH2011Risk>{{cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for Pulmonary Embolism?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/atrisk|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215115545/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/atrisk|archive-date=15 February 2016|df=}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == ongic8c9demyoqda1600wlktbrsg7op 0 613498 1590670 1548287 2026-07-15T08:11:16Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''کیتیپین،''' '''سروکل''' آدلی بیر مارکا آدی ایله ساتلانیب و باشقا لری ایله بیرلیکده، شیزوفرنییا، [[بی پولار پوزولماسی|دوقطبی ایختلال]] و [[دیپرئسیو بوزوکلوگو|بؤیوک دیپرئسلیک]] ایختیلال لارینین داخیل اولماسی اوچون ایستیفاده اولونان بیر غیرمعمول اینتیپسیکوتک دوا دیر. بو ایستیفاده لر، ساکئتلیگی ایستیفاده سی ایله یوخو یاشاییش یاردیمسیزلیغی اولاراق چوخ دا ایستیفاده اولونسا دا، عومومومی اولاراق جانیبی تأثیرلرین اوستوندن داها چوخ یاخشی گؤرونمه یه بیدیر. آغزی ایله آلینار.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Quetiapine Fumarate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/quetiapine-fumarate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=26 March 2017|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829153057/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/quetiapine-fumarate.html|archive-date=29 August 2017|df=}}</ref> چوخ گؤرکملی جانبی اثرلر، سونسوزلوق، قوراقلیق، چکیش و آغزین قوروماسینی دئییر. باشقا جانیبی اثرلر: دورومدا اولان آز قان فیشار، توتک، اوزون مودّت ایستک، قان قندینین چوخلوغو، دیرلی دئسکینزیا و نورولپتیک مخروط سندروم. [[دیمئنسییا|دئمنسییا]] ایله خسته اولان یاشلیلاردا، اونون ایستیفاده سی اؤلوم خطرینی آرتیرار. بو ماده دوغومدان سورا دوغولان اوشاقدا دوغومون [[حامیله‌لیک|اوچونجو]] ترمینسترینده ایستیفاده اولونسا، حرکتلرینی پوزماغا ندن اولور. کوتیپین سرویتونین و دوپامین دن عیبارت بیر سیرا رئسپتورلارین بلاک ائتمکله اثر گؤستریر.<ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="AHFS2017" /> کوتیپین ۱۹۸۵- جی ایلده یارادیلمیش و ۱۹۹۷- جی ایل ده آمریکا دا طیبی یاردیم اوچون قبول اولونموشدور. دونیا ساغلیق تشکیلاتینین لازیم دارالاری لیستینده دیر. بو، عمومی دوروم اولاراق وئریلیر. آمریکادا، عمده خاریجی خاریجی لری 2017 ایلینده آییندا ۱۲ دلار دوللار دیر. بریتانیا ده، آییق اکینتی این ایچ ایس-ه ۲۰۱۷-جی ایلده ۶۰ پوند خاریجی بیر لیک آلیر. 2017 ایلینده، آمریکا دا یاشاییش اوچون ندنی ۷۶-جی یئر آلیب و ۱۰ میلیوندان چوخ نسخه ایله.<ref name="BNF74">{{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 74|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join|date=2017|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0857112989|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join/page/383 383]|edition=74}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == hwvv1lbstzdz4zvkci8b0bw4ex3to6x 0 613515 1590737 1548756 2026-07-15T10:49:10Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Sjögren syndrome|image=Sjogren syndrome (2).jpg|caption=Image with a [[microscope]] of focal [[lymphoid]] infiltration in the minor salivary gland associated with Sjögren syndrome.|pronounce={{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|ɡ|r|ɛ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|ʃ|oʊ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n}}<ref name="Dorlands">{{Citation |author=Elsevier |authorlink=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://www.dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2014-06-17 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{IPA-sv|ˈɧø̂ːɡreːn|lang}}|synonyms=Sjögren's syndrome, sicca syndrome|Symptoms=[[xerostomia|Dry mouth]], [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|dry eyes]], other areas of dryness<ref name=Bri2016 />|complications=[[Lymphoma]]<ref name=Bri2016 />|onset=Middle age<ref name=Bri2016 /><ref name=Ng2016 />|Duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2014Fact />|Types=|causes=[[Autoimmune disease]] (unknown cause)<ref name=NIH2014Fact />|risks=|Diagnosis=[[Tissue biopsy]], blood tests<ref name=Bri2016 />|differential=Medication side effect, [[anxiety]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[amyloidosis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter S|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|treatment=[[Artificial tears]], medications to reduce inflammation, surgery<ref name=NIH2014Fact />|Medication=|Prognosis=Normal [[life expectancy]]<ref name="Sin2016">{{cite journal| last1= Singh| first1=AG|last2=Singh|first2=S|last3=Matteson|first3=EL|date=March 2016|title=Rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies |journal= Rheumatology| volume= 55| issue= 3| pages=450–60|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kev354|pmid=26412810|pmc=5009445}}</ref>|frequency=~0.7%<ref name="John2008">{{cite book| url= https://books.google.ca/books?id=3zM9yCy8uqUC&pg=PA389 |title= Primer on the rheumatic diseases|last1=John H.| first1= Klippel| date =2008 |publisher= Springer |isbn= 9780387685663 |edition= 13th |location= New York, New York |page=389|accessdate=15 July 2016| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160815233354/https://books.google.ca/books?id=3zM9yCy8uqUC&pg=PA389 |archivedate=15 August 2016| url-status= live}}</ref>|Deaths=|alt=}} '''Sjögren''' sindrom (SjS، '''SS''') شؤگرن سندرومی بدنین مرطوبات یارادیجی غددلرینه تأثیر گؤسترن اوزون مودّتلی لار نووع مریضلیک . باشلانيش علامتلر: آغيز قوروماسی و گؤزلر قوروماسی. باشقا علامتلر ده قورو دری، واژن قوروماسی، کرونیک اؤسگۆرمک، قول و آیاقلارین بیزلیگی، یورغونلوق حساسی، عوضله لر و بوْلانلارین آغریسی و تیروئید سورونلاری اولا بیلر. بو مرضده اولانلار [[لیمفوم|لیمفوملا]] دا چوخ خطرده (۵٪) دیرلر.<ref name=NIH2014Fact>{{cite web|title=What Is Sjögren's Syndrome? Fast Facts| url= http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/sjogrens_syndrome/sjogrens_syndrome_ff.asp|website=NIAMS|accessdate=15 July 2016| date= November 2014| url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160704210602/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sjogrens_Syndrome/sjogrens_syndrome_ff.asp|archivedate=4 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=Bri2016>{{cite journal|last1=Brito-Zerón |first1= P| last2= Baldini |first2= C| last3= Bootsma |first3=H| last4= Bowman |first4= SJ| last5= Jonsson |first5=R |last6= Mariette |first6= X| last7= Sivils| first7=K|last8=Theander|first8=E|last9=Tzioufas|first9=A|last10=Ramos-Casals| first10= M| title= Sjögren syndrome| journal= Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|date=7 July 2016| volume= 2| pages= 16047| pmid= 27383445| doi= 10.1038/nrdp.2016.47}}</ref> دوغرو سبب معلوم اولمادیغی حالدا، جینتیک و بیر محیطین قوزغاتماسی ایله باغلی اولان بیر بیر ترکیب اولدوغونو دوشونورلر، مثلاً بیر [[ویروس]] یا دا باکتریلره قارشیلاشما. بو، باشقا ساغلیق سورونلاریندن(بؤلمه سی شوجرن سندروما) یا باشقا باغلاماسی توخونماسین ایختلالینین (دومی شوجرن سندرومو) سونوجوندا مستقل باش وئرر. سونوجوندا اولان سوگیل لره تدریجی شکلی یارادیر. تشخيص، رطوبت دوزلدن اولان غددلر و معین آنتی بادیلار اوچون قان موعایناتلاري ائله باشلاییب. بیوپسینده غددلرین دن لئمفوسیتلر وار.<ref name=Bri2016 /> درمان شخصین علامتلرینه موخاطئعه اولونور. قورو گؤزلرین مصنوعي گؤز یاشلاری اوچون آلتیماغی آزادان آپاراراق، دیشي گؤزلرین دیشي قاشلاریندان اوزاقلاشماق اوچون، یا دا گؤز یاش لاری نین قاشلاییش قایناقلاری اوچون جراحیلر ایسته یه بیلریر. قورو آغزیندا، چکن آدامس (یولناراق قندسیز) ، سویو یا بیر شاشین یاتیشمالاری ایستیفاده اولونور. مفصللر و یا عضوله لرین آغریسی اولانلاردا [[ایبوپروفن|ایبوپروفین]] ایستیفاده اولونور. قوروماغا ندن اولان دوا لار دا، اؤرنک هیستامین ضد دوا لار دا دايانماليدير.<ref name=NIH2014Fact /><ref name=NIH2014Fact /><ref name=NIH2014Fact /><ref name=NIH2014Fact /> بو مرض 1933-جی ایلده Henrik Sjögren طرفیندن، اونون آدینا گؤره تانینمیش دیر؛ آمما علامتلرین اولدوغو شخصلرین بیر سیرا نئچه نیشان وار. 0.2 - 1.2% اهالی سی، یاریسی ایلک و یاریسی ایکنار شکلده یاشاییش یئرینه گلیرلر. قادینلار اَرلرین دن اون قات چوخ چوخ بو مرضده یاشاییشیرلار. گرچي بو ناخوشلوق عادي اولاراق ياريم ياشيندا باشلايير، آمّا هر کسي بو ناخوشلوقلارا دوچار ائتمه يه باشلايير. باشقا اوتومون ناظیرلیغی اولمایانلار آراسيندا، عؤمر مۆددیسی ده دَیییشمه یه جک.<ref name=Ng2016>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Axo9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|title=Sjogren's Syndrome |last1= Ng| first1= Wan-Fai |date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198736950|pages=10–11| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160815195550/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Axo9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|archivedate=15 August 2016|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=Ng2016 /> == قایناقلار: == <references /> 45ur79jqnn269jdp72b0655riax72um 0 613516 1590634 1548355 2026-07-15T06:53:01Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Scabies|synonyms=Seven-year itch<ref name=Ga2003>{{cite book|last=Gates|first=Robert H.|title=Infectious disease secrets|year=2003|publisher=Elsevier, Hanley Belfus|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-56053-543-0|pages=355|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYdw4vnanR0C&pg=PA355|edition=2nd|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829045111/https://books.google.com/books?id=hYdw4vnanR0C&pg=PA355|url-status=live}}</ref>|image=Scabies-burrow.jpg|caption=Magnified view of a burrowing trail of the scabies mite. The scaly patch on the left was caused by scratching and marks the mite's entry point into the skin. The mite has burrowed to the top-right, where it can be seen as a dark spot at the end.|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[dermatology]]|Symptoms=[[itchiness]], [[papular|pimple]]-like rash<ref name=CDC2010Sym />|complications=|onset=2–6 weeks (first infection), ~1 day (subsequent infections)<ref name=CDC2010Sym />|Duration=|causes=''[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' [[mite]] spread by close contact<ref name=CDC2010Epi />|risks=Crowded living conditions (child care facilities, group homes, prisons), lack of access to water<ref name=CDC2010Epi /><ref name=WHO>{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/scabies/en/ |title=WHO -Water-related Disease |accessdate=2010-10-10 |publisher=World Health Organization |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022044958/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/scabies/en/ |archivedate=2010-10-22 }}</ref>|Diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=WHO2015 />|differential=[[Seborrhoeic dermatitis|Seborrheic dermatitis]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[pediculosis]], [[atopic dermatitis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|chapter=Chapter S|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|treatment=|Medication=[[Permethrin]], [[crotamiton]], [[lindane]], [[ivermectin]]<ref name=CDC2010Tx2>{{cite web|title=Parasites – Scabies Medications|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/health_professionals/meds.html|website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430075605/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/health_professionals/meds.html|archivedate=30 April 2015}}</ref>|Prognosis=|frequency=204 million / 2.8% (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|Deaths=}} ایسکیب (که ده ۷-سال خارش) ، سارکوپتس '''سکیبی''' (Sarcoptes scabiei) سیزگیسی نین یئرینه یئر آلان بیر یئرلشن بیر یئرلی آلتی دیر. ان چوخ گؤروشلن علامتلر: آغیر خارش و پمپل کیمی خارش. هردن دَرئده کوچولو کؤکلر گؤرونر. ایلک یئر آلینان شخص، معمولاً ۲-۶ هفته ایله علامتلر یارادیر. ایکیینجی انفیکشن واختی، علامتلر ۲۴ ساعاتدا باشلاییر. بو علامتلر بدنین چوخو یا دا فقط بعضی بؤلگه لرده، اؤرنک ال، بارماقلار آراسیندا، یا دا کمر خطی ایله یاخینلاشیر. باشین یاخینلاشدیریلماسی مومکوندور، آمما بو معمولاً یاشاماقدا اولان اوشاقلاردا یئرلشیر. خاراباغ گئجه داها دا چوخدور. خاراباقلار دَرَکین پوزولماسینا و دَررده باشقا بیر باکتریال اینفئکسیاغا ندن اولا بیلر.<ref name=CDC2010Sym>{{cite web|title=Parasites – Scabies Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/disease.html|website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150502183303/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/disease.html|archivedate=2 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=CDC2010Sym /><ref name=CDC2010Sym /><ref name=CDC2010Sym /><ref name=CDC2010Sym /><ref name=CDC2010Sym /><ref name=CDC2010Sym /> ایسکیبیس، ائکتوپاراسیت (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis) آدلی قادین قارچلیغی نین اینفئکسییاسیندان یارانیر. اَکَک لر، دَریسینه گئدنلر و هؤیوَرلرینی یئرله ییرلر. سکیبوسون علامتلری، آرکا [[آلرژی|آلرژیک]] reaksiیندن دیر. چوخ واخت، آنجاق ۱۰-۱۵ قاشقارا قارشی بیر عفونت واردیر. اسکیبسه چوخ واختدا، یاخینجا یاخینلاشما واختيندا (یوخوخوندا ۱۰ دقیقه) اینفیکتیت اولونموش شخصله دَیَرسئز دَیئشمه واختی یاییلیر. خسته لیکین علامتلرین اولمادیغینا باخمایاراق دا، یاییلماسی باش وره بیلر.<ref name=CDC2010Epi>{{cite web|title=Epidemiology & Risk Factors|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/epi.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429174735/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/epi.html|archivedate=29 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=CDC2010Sym /><ref name=CDC2010Epi /> اوشاقلار باخيميسيندا، توپلوملو ائوده و حبس ده اولان چوخلوغون ندن اولدوغو کیمی، یاشاماق ضئيئيئيّتي چوخالير. سو دا چاتماسی آز ساحه لرده ده ناخوشلوغو داها چوخ گؤستریلیر. کورستک سکارابیس، بو ناخوشلوغون داها آغیر بیر شکلیدیر. عادي اولاراق، تک ضعیف گۆونلیک سیستملي اولانلاردا باش وئرير و اينسانلاردا میلیونلارجا اَمئترلر اولا بیلر و بو اَمئرلر داها چوخ ياييلماز اولورلار. بو حاللاردا، اینفئکسیونون قیسمی یا دا بولاشیق اولان اشیا لردن قیسمی ایله یاخینلاشماسی باش وئرر. اَکَک چوخ کئچئک و عادي اولاراق دیرک گؤرونمز. تشخيص علامتلر و علامتلره اساسن گلیر.<ref name=CDC2010Epi /><ref name=CDC2010Epi /><ref name=CDC2010Epi /><ref name=CDC2010Epi /><ref name=CDC2010Epi /> اینفیکتیتیناللارین درمانینا بیر نئچه دوروم وئریلیر، بونلارا پرمترین، [[کروتامیتون|کروتامیتون،]] [[قامابنزن هقزاکلراید|لندان]] کریملری و [[ایفرمکتین|ایورمکتین]] قرصلاری داخیل دیر. سون آیدا اولان جئنسي تماسلار و همن اوده یاشایان آداملار دا بیر گونده درمان اولونماليدير. سون اوچ گون عرضینده ایستیفاده اولونان یاتاق و پالتارلار سو سو سو و سو قوروتوودا قورودولمالی دیر. انسان دَریسیندن اوچ گوندن چوخ اوزاقدا یاشامامایان اینسانلار، داها چوخ یویولماسی لازیم دئییل. درماندان سورا علامتلر ۲- ۴ هفته داوام ائده بیلر. اگر بو واختدان سورا علامتلر داوام ائتسه، تکرار درمان لازیم اولا بئلر.<ref name="CDC2010Tx">{{cite web|title=Parasites - Scabies Treatment|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/treatment.html|website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428090806/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/treatment.html|archivedate=28 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="CDC2010Tx" /><ref name="CDC2010Tx" /><ref name="CDC2010Tx" /> ایسکابیس، اوشاقلاردا بالاجا ۳ دَرَک ناخوشلوغوندان بیری دیر، آجیق و باکتریال دَرئر عفونتلری ایله برابر. ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده، ۲۰۴ میلیون نفرین (۲٫۸% دونیا جمعیتینین) ایستیفاده ائتدیی یئرینه چاتیب. هر ایکی جئنسده ده اِله اوْلماق ایسته ییر. جاوانلار و قوجالار داها چوخ بو اثرلره دوچار اولورلار. بو، گئدیجی دونیا و تروپیک هاوا لاردا داها چوخ باش وئریر. "کرب" سؤزو ''{{Lang-la|scabere}}'' "کربر"دن چيخار.<ref name=WHO2015>{{cite web|title=Scabies|url=http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/scabies/en/|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518131204/http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/scabies/en/|archivedate=18 May 2015}}</ref> اؤزگه حيوانلار دا انسانلارا سکاربوسا قاريشمازلار. باشقا حيوانلاردا اینفئکشن، عادي اولاراق آز فرقلي آمما باغلي چولاقلار سبب اولور و سارکوپتیک چولاق آدلانیر. == قایناقلار: == 300jhw3rj0y60qkgwry9vnnowgsrdq6 0 613584 1590717 1573665 2026-07-15T10:06:37Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Hypothyroidism|image=Thyroxine-2D-skeletal.png|alt=Molecular structure of the thyroxine molecule|caption=Molecular structure of thyroxine, the deficiency of which causes the symptoms of hypothyroidism|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|aɪ|p|ə|ˈ|θ|aɪ|r|ɔɪ|d|ɪ|z|əm|,_|-|p|oʊ|-}}{{refn|{{Dictionary.com|hypothyroidism}}}}{{refn|{{cite web |url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hypothyroidism |title=hypothyroidism - definition of hypothyroidism in English from the Oxford dictionary |publisher=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] |access-date=2016-01-20 |archive-date=2014-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110220651/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hypothyroidism |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-08-29 |archivedate=2014-01-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110220651/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hypothyroidism }}}}|synonyms=Underactive thyroid, low thyroid, hypothyreosis|field=[[Endocrinology]]|Symptoms=Poor ability to tolerate cold, feeling tired, [[constipation]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], weight gain<ref name=NIH2016 />|complications=During [[pregnancy]] can result in [[cretinism]] in the baby<ref name=Pre2009>{{cite book|last1=Preedy|first1=Victor|title=Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects.|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier|location=Burlington|isbn=9780080920863|page=616|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=7v7g5XoCQQwC&pg=PA616|access-date=2020-07-28|archive-date=2020-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518145128/https://books.google.ca/books?id=7v7g5XoCQQwC&pg=PA616|url-status=live}}</ref>|onset=> 60 years old<ref name=NIH2016 />|Duration=|causes=[[Iodine deficiency]], [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]<ref name=NIH2016 />|risks=|Diagnosis=[[Blood test]]s ([[thyroid-stimulating hormone]], [[thyroxine]])<ref name=NIH2016 />|differential=[[Depression (mood)|Depression]], [[dementia]], [[heart failure]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter H|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=[[iodised salt|Salt iodization]]<ref name=Sye2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Syed S | title = Iodine and the "near" eradication of cretinism | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 135 | issue = 4 | pages = 594–6 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25825529 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2014-3718 | doi-access = free }}</ref>|treatment=[[Levothyroxine]]<ref name=NIH2016 />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=0.3–0.4% (USA)<ref name=Garber />|Deaths=}} هیپوتایرئیدزمی، یا دا آز چالیشماسی تیروئید یا آز '''تیروئئید''' آدلانان، اینندوکرین سیستئمین اینگیلیسجه: endocrine system disorder (یاشاییش) دیر. بو، آجیلیق، یورغونلوق، قورغوشلوق، اورقانیک سسلنمه، افسورده لیک و یا وزن آرتماسی ساییلاراق بیر سیرا علامتلر گؤستریر. هردن گئچمه دن بوغدانين قاباقجا بؤلومونون تورموسو اولار. بو، بویوک بویون دوران درمان اولونماماسیندا هیپوتایرئودیزمین بویۆک بویونا یا دا بویونا یود کمیته سی نین ندن اولا بیلر.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Hypothyroidism|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/endocrine/hypothyroidism/Pages/fact-sheet.aspx|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=5 March 2016|date=March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010654/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/endocrine/hypothyroidism/Pages/fact-sheet.aspx|archive-date=5 March 2016|accessdate=2023-08-29|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010654/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/endocrine/hypothyroidism/Pages/fact-sheet.aspx}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /> دونیالیق بوغازدا چوخ آز یود، هیپو تیروئدیزمین ان چوخ گؤروشینده دیر. هاشیمیتونون تیروئیدتیسی، آرتیرما ایتیریلی یودون دوزلو اؤلکه لرده هیپوتیروئیدیتین ان چوخ گؤستریلن ندنی دیر. آز دا چوخ گؤروشلن سببه لر، رادیو اکتیو ایوودیون ایله کئچمیشده درمان اولونماسی، هیپوتالاموس یا ایلک هیپوتاز غدودونون یارالانیب، بعضی دارو لری، دوغولدوغو زامان تیروئییدین ایشله مه سی نین یوخلوغونو، یا دا کئچمیشده تئرئید جراحیینی اؤزلگه آلماقدیر. هیپوتایرئودیزمین دیگنوستاسی، شوبهه اولدوقدا، تیروئیدین موحریکلشدیرن هورمون (TSH) و تیروکسین لیوالری اؤلچولن قان موعایناتلاری ایله تصدیق اولونور.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> دوز یودیزاسیون چوخلو جمعیتلرده هیپوتایرئودیزمین قاباغین آلدی. تیروئیود هرمونونو لیوتیروکسین ایله گئدیش، هیپوتئرئودوزما درمان ائدیر. طیبي متخصصلر دوزونو علامتلر و تئروکسین و TSH نين نرماللاشماسينا گؤره دوزله ییرلر. قوروجو دوران تیروئید داواسی نین وئریلمه سی خطیر. آمما دوزلو یودون چوخلوغو اؤنملی اولسا دا، چوخلو یود هئپوتایرئودیزمین بعضی شکل لرینی داها دا یاخینلاشدیرار.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name=NIH2016 /> دونیا دا بیر میلیارد نفرین ایدون آزلیق وار، آمما بو نئچه دفعه هیدروئیدون آلتیندان گئدرک بیلینمیر. آمریکادا هیپوتایرئودیزم 0.3-0.4٪ اینسانلاردا باش وئریر. سوبکلینیک هیپوتایرئودیزم، نورمال تیروکسین لیوالری و TSH لیوالری نین چوخالماسی ایله مشخص اولان بیر یاخشی هیپوتئرئودیزم فورماسی دیر. هیپوتایرئدیزم قادینلاردا اَرلرده داها چوخ گؤروشیلیر. ۶۰- یا چوخ ياشين اوسته اولانلار داها چوخ بو مرضدن دوچار اولورلار. ایتلر ده، بلی و آتلار کیمی، هیپوتایرئودیزمین دا یارادیلماسی بیلینمیر، گرچی داها نادیر.<ref name=Garber>{{cite journal | vauthors = Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer PA, Woeber KA | title = Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association | journal = Thyroid | volume = 22 | issue = 12 | pages = 1200–35 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 22954017 | doi = 10.1089/thy.2012.0205 | url = https://www.aace.com/files/final-file-hypo-guidelines.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160114192331/https://www.aace.com/files/final-file-hypo-guidelines.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2016-01-14 | access-date = 2013-12-25 }}</ref><ref name=NIH2016 /> "هیپو ''تیرو''ئدیزم" سؤزو یونانیجا "هیپو" دئمکدن آلینمیش، "تیرو" دئمكدن "تیرو"، "''ایدو''" دئممکدن "فورم" دئمیر. == قایناقلار: == <references /> ex0anokanftcqjhrgk60a6s8asju57h 0 613586 1590707 1548572 2026-07-15T09:39:46Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Molluscum contagiosum|synonyms=Water warts|image=Molluscaklein.jpg|caption=Typical flesh-colored, dome-shaped and pearly lesions|field=[[Dermatology]]|Symptoms=Small, raised, pink lesions with a dimple in the center<ref name=CDC2015 />|complications=|onset=Children 1 to 10 years of age<ref name=CDC2015Risk />|Duration=Usually 6-12 months, may last up to four years<ref name=CDC2015 />|Types=MCV-1, MCV-2, MCV-3, MCV-4<ref name=Ramdass2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ramdass|first1=P|last2=Mullick|first2=S|last3=Farber|first3=HF|title=Viral Skin Diseases|journal=Primary Care|date=December 2015|volume=42|issue=4|pages=517–67|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.006|pmid=26612372|accessdate=|type=Review}}</ref>|causes=''[[Molluscum contagiosum virus]]'' spread by direct contact or contaminated objects<ref name=CDC2015Tran>{{cite web|title=Transmission {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|website=www.cdc.gov|accessdate=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610150359/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/transmission.html|archivedate=10 June 2017}}</ref>|risks=[[immunosuppression|Weak immune system]], [[atopic dermatitis]], crowded living conditions<ref name=CDC2015Risk />|Diagnosis=Based on appearance<ref name=Ramdass2015 />|differential=[[Wart|Warts]], [[herpes simplex]], [[chickenpox]], [[folliculitis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter M|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=[[Hand washing]], not sharing personal items<ref name=CDC2015Pre>{{cite web|title=Prevention {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/prevention.html|website=www.cdc.gov|accessdate=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205753/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/prevention.html|archivedate=17 June 2017 }}</ref>|treatment=None, [[cryotherapy|freezing]], opening up the lesion and scraping the inside, [[laser therapy]]<ref name=CDC2015Tx>{{cite web |title=Treatment Options {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/treatment.html |website=www.cdc.gov |accessdate=10 June 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617205751/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/treatment.html |archivedate=17 June 2017 }}</ref>|Medication=[[Cimetidine]], [[podophyllotoxin]]<ref name=CDC2015Tx />|Prognosis=|frequency=122&nbsp;million / 1.8% (2010)<ref name=LancetEpi2012>{{cite journal|last1=Vos|first1=Theo|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96 |last2=Flaxman |last3=Naghavi |last4=Lozano |last5=Michaud |last6=Ezzati|last7=Shibuya|last8=Salomonn |last9=Abdalla|last10=Aboyans|last11=Abraham |last12=Ackerman |last13=Aggarwal |last14=Ahn |last15=Ali |last16=AlMazroa|last17=Alvarado|last18=Anderson|last19=Anderson|last20=Andrews|last21=Atkinson|last22=Baddour|last23=Bahalim|last24=Barker-Collo |last25=Barrero |last26=Bartels |last27=Basanez|last28=Baxter|last29=Bell|last30=Benjamin|first2=Abraham D|first3=Mohsen |first4=Rafael |first5=Catherine |first6=Majid |first7=Kenji|first8=Joshua A|first9=Safa|first10=Victor|first11=Jerry|first12=Ilana|first13=Rakesh|first14=Stephanie Y|first15=Mohammed K |first16=Mohammad A |first17=Miriam|first18=H Ross|first19=Laurie M|first20=Kathryn G|first21=Charles|first22=Larry M|first23=Adil N |first24=Suzanne |first25=Lope H |first26=David H|first27=Maria-Gloria|first28=Amanda|first29=Michelle L|first30=Emelia J|pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2 |displayauthors=29}}</ref>|Deaths=}} '''مولوسکوم کنتاژوسوم''' (MC) سولی زیگیل ، هردن سو وارتلار دئییلیر، دئییل، دئییلیشده بیر ویروس infeksiیاسین دیر کی، اورتادا بیر بوشاق اولان کوچولو، گؤزه ل رنگلی یارالارین اورتایا چیخماسی سونوجو دیر. هردن خارقشي و یا دردلي اولارلار و تکجه و يا توپ- توپ اولورلار. دَرئدن هر ساحه یه تأثیر وئرر، بو ساحه ده قارین، آیاق، قول، بوغاز، جینټال بؤلگه و اوز داها دا چوخ یئرلشیر. بو لئژالارین باشلانماسی اینفئکشن دن سونرا ۷ هفته یاخینلاشیر. عادي اولاراق بير ايل عرضئنده ياراميزليقسيز يوخ اولورلار.<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web |title=Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|website=www.cdc.gov|accessdate=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616211957/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/|archivedate=16 June 2017}}</ref><ref name=CDC2015 /><ref name=CDC2015 /> اینفکاسیون ندنی "''مولوسکوم کانتاژوسوم''" (MCV) ویروسو (Molluscum contagiosum virus) آدلانان پوکس ویروسودور. ویروس مستقیم تماس، جینسی چالیشما دان علاوه، یا دا کولش کیمی آلینمیش اشیا لردن یاییلیر. بو دوروم شخصین اؤزونون ده بدنین باشقا بؤلوملرینه یاییلیر. خطر فاکتورلاریندان عبارت دیر: ضعیف مدافعت سیستمی، آتوپک دَرماتئتیس و چوخلوغون سبب اولدوغو یاشاییش شرایطی. بیر انفیکشنین ایچینه، تکرار اینفیکراسیون دا گلیر.<ref name=CDC2015Tran /> تشخيص، عادي اولاراق، دَرَشلرين گؤرونوشونه گؤره وئریلیر. قاباغین اولماسي اَللريني يويماق و شخصي اشيالري پايلاشمايماغي شاملدئر. درمان لازيم اولماسا دا، بعضي لره جرحلر kosmetik سببلرله گؤتورولمه سي يا دا ياييلماسيني اولماسي اوچون لازيمدير. کوللاشما، لیزر درمانی یا دا یاراسی نین آچماسی و ایچینی سورتمه ایله گؤتورمه یه بیله جک. آمما ياراني قيرخماق، يارالار دوغرماق اولار. دَیَرینه یئرلشن [[سایمتیدین|سیمیتیدین،]] پوډوفیلوتوکسین، [[کانتاریدین]] و یا [[پوتاسیوم هیدروکسید]] کرئم ده ده ایستیفاده اولونور.<ref name=CDC2015Tx /><ref name=CDC2015Tx /> ۲۰۱۰-جی ایلده دونیادا حدود ۱۲۲ میلیون نفر مولوسکوم کانتاژوسوم (بئچینین ۱۸% -ی) یارا آلدی. او، بیر-اوین ياشلار آراسین داکی اوشاقلاردا داها چوخ گؤروشیلیر. ۱۹۶۶-جی ایلدن بري، آمریکادا بو دوروم داها دا چوخ یئر آلدی. اینفیکسییا اولماق، بیر بالانی مکتبدن یا اوشاقلار گودوموزو اوزاقلاشدیریب ساخلاماق اوچون ندن اولماز.<ref name=CDC2015Risk>{{cite web|title=Risk Factors {{!}} Molluscum Contagiosum |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html|website=www.cdc.gov|accessdate=10 June 2017|language=en-us|date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610203738/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/risk.html |archivedate=10 June 2017}}</ref> == قایناقلار: == <references /> 4psxjuko4mwyenxomtrl1ooke70u88r 0 613587 1590663 1548573 2026-07-15T08:02:00Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Glaucoma|image=Acute angle closure glaucoma.JPG|caption=Acute angle closure glaucoma of the person's right eye (shown at left). Note the mid-sized [[pupil (eye)|pupil]], which was non-[[pupillary light reflex|reactive to light]], and redness of the [[sclera|white part of the eye]].|field=[[Ophthalmology]]|Symptoms=[[Visual impairment|Vision loss]], eye pain, mid-dilated [[pupil]], redness of the eye, [[nausea]]<ref name=NIH2016Fact /><ref name=Man2015 />|complications=|onset=Gradual, or sudden<ref name=Man2015 />|Duration=|causes=|risks=Increased [[intraocular pressure|pressure in the eye]], family history, [[high blood pressure]]<ref name=NIH2016Fact />|Diagnosis=Dilated [[eye examination]]<ref name=NIH2016Fact />|differential=[[Uveitis]], trauma, [[keratitis]], [[conjunctivitis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter G|edition=2nd}}</ref>|Prevention=|treatment=Medication, [[laser]], surgery<ref name=NIH2016Fact />|Medication=|Prognosis=|frequency=6–67 million<ref name=Man2015 /><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref>|Deaths=}} '''گلاوکوما''' گؤزونون اینجه لری نین بیر قروپودور کی، گؤز عصبی نین دَییشمه سینه ضرر چکه جک و گؤزو گؤرممک سونوجونا ندن اولار. ان چوخ گؤروشلن نوع، آچيق کونج گلوکومودور، گؤزو دن مایع اوچون آخماق کونجینین آچيق قالماسی، داها آز گؤروشلن نؤوعلر، بو داخیل اولان باغلی کونج گلوکوم و نورمال تنسییالی گلوکوم دیر. '''آچيق کونج گلوکوم''' اوزون مودّتله آرادان گئدر و آغري يوخدور. پردیزی گؤزو آزالماغا باشلاییر و سورا اورتا گؤزو، درمان اولماسادا کورلوق باشلاییر. '''قفل گلوکما''' تدریجله یا دا قفلتدن باش وئرر. قفلتن گؤزه درد، گؤزو قارالماسی، اورتادا بؤیوک اولان گؤز آچیقلاماسی، گؤزون قیزیللیغی و سئورلیکلر اولا بیلر. گلوکومدان گلن گؤزو ائتمه، باش وئرن زامان، دایمي دیر.<ref name=NIH2016Fact>{{cite web|title=Facts About Glaucoma|url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts|website=National Eye Institute|accessdate=29 March 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts|archivedate=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016Fact /><ref name=NIH2016Fact /><ref name=NIH2016Fact /><ref name=Man2015>{{cite journal|last2=Vadhar|first2=N|date=September 2015|title=Glaucoma|url=|journal=Primary Care|volume=42|issue=3|pages=437–49|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.008|issn=0095-4543|pmid=26319348 |last1=Mantravadi|first1=AV}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016Fact /> گلوکوما خطر فاکتورلاریندان عیبارت دیر: گؤزو نین چوخلو فشارلاری، بو وضعیتین عائله تاریخچی سی و قانین اوجا فشارلاری. گؤزون فشارلارین دا چوخ واخت {{Convert|21|mmHg}} دا 2.8 kPa دن چوخ بیر قئیدتی ایستیفاده اولونور، داها اوجا فیشارلار دا داها چوخ خطر وئریر. آمّا بعضي لرده اوزون مودّت گؤزلرين چوخ دَيَرلي اولماسي و هچ واخت ضرر چکمه يي اولماسين. عکسینه، نورمال فیشاردا گؤز عصری نین ضررینه، نورمال تنسیق گلوکما سی آدلانان نورمال فیشار دا گلیر.<ref name=Man2015 /> آچیق کونج گلوکومون میکانیزمینین ترابیکولور تورکلوکلرین آچیق سویوق گلوکومونون گلیشمه سی اولدوغو اعتین ائدیلیر، حال بو کی، قفل کونج گلوكوموندا آیریس ترابیکولر تورکلوکونو قامت ائدیر. تشخيص، گؤز معائناتينين گئچمهسي ائله باشلاندير. چوخ واخت گؤز عصبي، دوغال اولمایان بیر مقدارده قاشقاشما گؤرسهدیر.<ref name=Man2015 /><ref name=NIH2016Fact /><ref name=Man2015 /> اگر ایلک درمان اولونسا، داوا، لیزر درماني و یا جراحیله ناخوشلوغو آرتیقلاشماق و یا آنلاملاماق مومکوندور. بو درمانلارين هدفي گؤزون فیشاريني آزالتماقدير. گلوکما دوا لرینین بیر سیراً فرقلی دسته لر وار. لیزر درمانلاری هم آچيق زاویه ده، هم ده باغلی زاویه گلوکوموندا مؤثّر اولا بیلر. باشقا تدبیرلره یاخشی جاواب وئرمه ین شخصلرده گلوکما جراحی لرینین بیر سیرا نؤوعو ایستیفاده اولونور. قفل گلوکما نین درمانی طیبی اورژانسی دیر.<ref name=Man2015 /><ref name=Man2015 /><ref name=Man2015 /><ref name=NIH2016Fact /> 6-67 میلیون نفر گلوکوملا یاشاییش یئرینه گلیر. بو مرض آمریکا دا ۲ میلیون نفرین اوستونده یئرلشیب. بو، داها چوخ یاشلیلار آراسيندا باش وئریر. قفل گلوکما (قفل گلوکوم) آروادلاردا داها چوخ گؤروشه بیلر. گلاوکوما "گؤز اوغرو" آدلانمیش دیر، چونکی گؤزو آزالماسی معمولاً اوزون مودّت عرضینده یاواش باش وئریر.<ref name=Man2015 /><ref name=Man2015 /> دونیا بوغازینین گلوکومو، کاتارکتدن سورا کورلوقون ایکینجی باشلانماسی دیر. ۲۰۱۰-جی ایلده گؤز یاشاماسینین ۵۱%-ی گؤز یاشاماغا ندن اولدو، درگیل ده ۸%-ه ندن اولدو.<ref name=Man2015 /> "''گلاوکو''ما" سؤزو [[قدیم یونان دیلی|قدیم یونانجا]] "گلاوکو" دن آلینمیش دیر و "قورقور" معناسینی آچیقلاماغا چالیشیر. اینگیلیسجه ده بو سؤز 1587 ایلینده ایشلندی و 1850 ایلین سوراسیندا گؤز منظره سی نین یارادیلماسی ایله خالقا گؤز عصری نین دَییشدیریلدیغینی گؤرمک ایسته دی. == قایناقلار: == <references /> mf1ew407zli3nmrkg39o388418tjkvx 0 613592 1590750 1548614 2026-07-15T11:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''مودافینیل بیر نووع داوا،''' باشقا لارین آراسیندا '''Provigil''' مارکیتی آدی ایله ساتلانیب، نارکولپسی، نؤوبه ایشینده یوخو ایستیفاده ائتمه ایشلرینین و یا موشکول یوخو آپنئاسینین ندن اولدوغو یوخو لیغی نین درمانینا وئریلن دوا دیر. بو سوْرا دا، آلینیر و ایستیفاده ائتمه یه چالیشمالارین دا ایستیفاده اولونماسی ایسه قایل اولمامیش. آغزی ایله آلینار.<ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref> چوخ واخت باش آغریسی، نیگارانلیق، یوخو ایسته ییرم و قوصورلوق. آغیر جانبی اثرلر، آلاکسییا، استیونز- جانسون سندروما، سوء استفاده و الهلوسیناسییا لار کیمی آلارژی عکس العمللرین دن عبارت اولا بیلر. بو، حامله لیکده ایستیفاده اولونماسی نین گۆونلی اولدوغونو بیلینمز. بؤيرک و یا قارا جییر سورونلاری اولانلار اوچون، ایستیفاده اولونان دوالارين سايي کي، دَيَرلي اولماسي لازيمدير. آرتميا، بؤیوک آرتنسييا و يا سول کامپروکولر هیپتروفييا دا اولانلارا توصیه اولونماز.<ref name="AHSF2018" /><ref name="AHSF2018" /><ref name="AHSF2018" /> نجه ایشله یه سی تامامن بیلینمی . بیر احتمال وار کی بو، یوخو دورومونا قاتناشمیش بئیین ساحه لرینه ائتکیلندیرر.<ref name="AHSF2018" /><ref name="AHSF2018" /> مودافینل 1998- جی ایلده آمریکا ایالتینده طیبی ایستیفاده اوچون قبول ائدیلمیش دیر. آمریکادا، IV جدولین دن کنترول اولونموش ماده سی کیمی طبقه بندی اولونور. بریتانیا دا بو فقط رئسپورت دوْغومودور. بو، عمومی دوروم اولاراق وئریلیر. بریتانیا دا این ایچ ایس-ه ۲۰۱۸-جی ایلین ایلک ایلین ایشلدنلری اساسیندا آییندا ۱۰۵،۲۱ پوند خاریجی ساییلار. آمریکا دا هر آی کیمی عمده خاریجی خاریجی لری ۳۴،۲۰ دلار دیر.<ref name="BNF74">{{cite book |title=BNF 74 |url=https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join |date=September 2017 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0857112989 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join/page/468 468] |edition=74}}</ref><ref name="BNF74" /> ۲۰۱۷-جی ایلده، آمریکا دا ۳۲۸-جی داها چوخ تجویز اولونان داوا ائیدي و ۹۰۰ مین دن چوخ نوسخه یئتیردی. == قایناقلار: == <references /> tmqyn7g3p4vy4qtu0jbewzm4vmxeguu 0 613619 1590685 1548707 2026-07-15T08:55:20Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|drug_name=Saline|INN=|type=<!-- empty -->|image=NaCl 0,9% 500ml white background.jpg|width=|alt=|image2=|width2=|alt2=|imageL=|widthL=|altL=|imageR=|widthR=|altR=|caption=Saline solution for intravenous infusion. <!--Names-->|pronounce=|tradename=|synonyms=|IUPAC_name=<!-- Clinical data -->|class=|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A/B1/B2/B3/C/D/X -->|pregnancy_AU_comment=|pregnancy_US=<!-- A / B / C / D / X / N -->|pregnancy_US_comment=|routes_of_administration=Intravenous, topical, subcutaneous|onset=|duration_of_action=|Drugs.com={{Drugs.com|pro|sodium-chloride-injection}}|MedlinePlus=|licence_EU=<!-- EMA requires brand name -->|licence_US=<!-- FDA may use generic name -->|DailyMedID=Hypertonic_Saline|pregnancy_category=|dependency_liability=|addiction_liability=<!-- Legal status -->|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->|legal_AU_comment=|legal_CA=<!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_CA_comment=|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->|legal_DE_comment=|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_NZ_comment=|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->|legal_UK_comment=|legal_US=<!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->|legal_US_comment=|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->|legal_UN_comment=|legal_status=<!--For countries not listed above--> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|metabolites=|elimination_half-life=|excretion=<!-- Chemical data -->|chemical_formula=|molecular_weight=|SMILES=[Na+].[Cl-]|Jmol=|StdInChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1|StdInChIKey=FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M|density=|density_notes=|melting_point=|melting_high=|melting_notes=|boiling_point=|boiling_notes=|solubility=|specific_rotation=}} سو نان دوز محلولی اولانکلوریدینین قارشیلیغی دیر و داوا دا بیر نئچه ایستیفاده ائدیر. بو اثرین اثرلندیگی ساحه یه یئرلشیب یارالارین تمیزلشدیرمه سی، تماس لنزلرینین آرادان گتیرمه سی و گؤزلرین قوروماسینا کؤمک ائدیر.<ref name="BNF69">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|edition=69|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse/page/683 683], 770}}</ref> vena ایله [[گاستروانتریت|گستروئنترئتیس]] و دیابتی کیتئوس ایله گئجه لیک درمانینا ایستیفاده اولونور. بو، اینه وورماق اولونان باشقا دوروملارین دا آرتیق ائتکیلمه سی اوچون دئییلیر.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="Pro2017">{{cite web|title=Sodium Chloride Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/sodium-chloride-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118041708/https://www.drugs.com/pro/sodium-chloride-injection.html|archive-date=18 January 2017|df=}}</ref> چوخ سایی دا سیغین چوخلوغونا، سوخما، اسیدوزا و قاندا سوتیومون چوخلوغونا سبب اولا بیلر. اوزون مودّت قانیندا سوادیوم آز اولانلاردا، چوخ مصرف اوسموتیک دمیئلیناسیون سندروما ندن اولا بیلر. دوزلو ماده لرین کریستالید عائله سینده دیر.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="BNF69" /><ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmxl0ERFvYgC&pg=PA54|title=Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials|last=Marini|first=John J.|last2=Wheeler|first2=Arthur P.|date=2010|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781798396|page=54|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918184101/https://books.google.com/books?id=jmxl0ERFvYgC&pg=PA54|archive-date=2017-09-18|df=}}</ref> چوخ گئنیش اولاراق نوردون (۰.۹%) دوز لری نین سستریلی 9 گ (normal saline) یولوندا ایستیفاده اولونور. داها اوجا و داها آشاغی غلظت لری ده هردن دا ایشله دیلینیر.<ref name="Pro2017" /><ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfCuIUwv3pEC&pg=PA11|title=Fluids and Electrolytes in the Surgical Patient|last=Pestana|first=Carlos|date=2000|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781724258|page=11|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918184101/https://books.google.com/books?id=CfCuIUwv3pEC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-18|df=}}</ref> دوزونون pH- سی 5.5 دیر (بؤيوکجه یوللاندیریلمیش کربن دی اکسیدین سببینه) و اونون اسیدلی اولدوغونو یارادیر. دوزونون طیبی ایستیفاده سی ۱۸۳۱-جی ایللر آراسیندا باشلاییب.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnYXBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|title=Home Parenteral Nutrition, 2nd Edition|last=Bozzetti|first=Federico|last2=Staun|first2=Michael|last3=Gossum|first3=Andre van|date=2014|publisher=CABI|isbn=9781780643113|page=4|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918184101/https://books.google.com/books?id=fnYXBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|archive-date=2017-09-18|df=}}</ref> دونیا ساغلیق تشکیلاتینین لازیم دارالاری لیستینده دیر.<ref name="WHO21st">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|publisher=World Health Organization|year=2019|location=Geneva|hdl=10665/325771|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|author-link=World Health Organization}}</ref> گئنیشلندیریلیش اؤلکه لرده توپ لاری نین لیتری دوزلو بیر مادده 0.60-4.20 دوللار دیر. ۲۰۱۷-جی ایلده، سودیوم دوزلاری ۲۲۵-جی یئرینه آلیب، ۲ میلیوندان چوخ نسخه ایله آمریکا دا ایلک یئرینه یئتیشدی. == قایناقلار: == <references /> mf5l2ezxveyrsugitpl52z20ekybpqk 0 613642 1590698 1587939 2026-07-15T09:18:42Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Epilepsy|synonyms=Seizure disorder|image=Spike-waves.png|alt=The electroencephalogram recording of a person with childhood absence epilepsy showing a seizure. The waves are black on a white background.|caption=Generalized 3&nbsp;Hz [[spike-and-wave]] discharges on an [[electroencephalogram]]|field=[[Neurology]]|Symptoms=Periods of vigorous shaking, nearly undetectable spells<ref name=WHO2022 />|complications=|onset=|Duration=Long term<ref name=WHO2016 />|causes=Unknown, [[brain injury]], [[stroke]], [[brain tumor]]s, infections of the brain, [[birth defects]]<ref name=WHO2016 /><ref name=Ham2010 /><ref name=Gol2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldberg EM, Coulter DA | title = Mechanisms of epileptogenesis: a convergence on neural circuit dysfunction | journal = Nature Reviews. Neuroscience | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 337–49 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23595016 | pmc = 3982383 | doi = 10.1038/nrn3482 }}</ref>|risks=|Diagnosis=Electroencephalogram, ruling out other possible causes<ref name=Longo2012 />|differential=[[Syncope|Fainting]], [[alcohol withdrawal]], [[electrolyte problems]]<ref name=Longo2012 />|Prevention=|treatment=Medication, [[surgery]], [[neurostimulation]], dietary changes<ref name=Bergey2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bergey GK | title = Neurostimulation in the treatment of epilepsy | journal = Experimental Neurology | volume = 244 | pages = 87–95 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23583414 | doi = 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.04.004 }}</ref><ref name=Mar2018>{{Cite journal|last=Martin-McGill|first=Kirsty J.|last2=Jackson|first2=Cerian F.|last3=Bresnahan|first3=Rebecca|last4=Levy|first4=Robert G.|last5=Cooper|first5=Paul N.|date=7 November 2018|title=Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=11|pages=CD001903|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001903.pub4|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6517043|pmid=30403286}}</ref>|Medication=|Prognosis=Controllable in 70%<ref name=Ead2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eadie MJ | title = Shortcomings in the current treatment of epilepsy | journal = Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics | volume = 12 | issue = 12 | pages = 1419–27 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23237349 | doi = 10.1586/ern.12.129 }}</ref>|frequency=50 million (2022)<ref name=WHO2022 />|Deaths=125,000 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | last1 = Wang | first1 = Haidong | last2 = Naghavi | first2 = Mohsen | last3 = Allen | first3 = Christine | last4 = Barber | first4 = Ryan M. | last5 = Bhutta | first5 = Zulfiqar A. | last6 = Carter | first6 = Austin | last7 = Casey | first7 = Daniel C. | last8 = Charlson | first8 = Fiona J. | last9 = Chen | first9 = Alan Zian | last10 = Coates | first10 = Matthew M. | last11 = Coggeshall | first11 = Megan | last12 = Dandona | first12 = Lalit | last13 = Dicker | first13 = Daniel J. | last14 = Erskine | first14 = Holly E. | last15 = Ferrari | first15 = Alize J. | last16 = Fitzmaurice | first16 = Christina | last17 = Foreman | first17 = Kyle | last18 = Forouzanfar | first18 = Mohammad H. | last19 = Fraser | first19 = Maya S. | last20 = Fullman | first20 = Nancy | last21 = Gething | first21 = Peter W. | last22 = Goldberg | first22 = Ellen M. | last23 = Graetz | first23 = Nicholas | last24 = Haagsma | first24 = Juanita A. | last25 = Hay | first25 = Simon I. | last26 = Huynh | first26 = Chantal | last27 = Johnson | first27 = Catherine O. | last28 = Kassebaum | first28 = Nicholas J. | last29 = Kinfu | first29 = Yohannes | last30 = Kulikoff | first30 = Xie Rachel | displayauthors = 29 }}</ref>}} اِپیلئپسی، تکرار اِپيلئپتیک دوروملارلا تخصیص اولونان نورولوژيک ایختلاللارین یوخسا بوزوکلوگون بیر قروپودور.<ref name="Goldman2020.375">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA2358&dq=epilepsies&hl=en|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|last=Wiebe|first=Samuel|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-53266-2|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|edition=26th|volume=2|location=Philadelphia|pages=2358-2370|language=en|chapter=375. The epilepsies|access-date=3 June 2022|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611042213/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA2358&dq=epilepsies&hl=en|archive-date=11 June 2022}}</ref> ایپلپتیک دوروملار، قیسمن و یا یا چوخ گیزلی اولان مودتلردن یا چوخ گوجلو لرزه لری نین اوزون مودّته قدر فرقلی بیر حادیثه لردیر. بو حادثه لر بدنی یارالانیب، بعضاً سوموکلر ده پارچالانیر. ایپلپسیدا، توْپلاملار تکرار اولماغا یانیر و، قایدا اولاراق، ایلک ندن اولماز. ایزولیته گؤره، ایپلیپسییا ایسه ایسه ایشله مه دن ایسه ایپلیپس اولماز. ایپلپسییا ایله علاقه سی اولانلار دونیانین دئییشیک ساحه لرینده فرقلی داورانیش لار گؤرولر و اونلارین دورومونا گؤره فرقلی توپلومسال سیتگما باشلاییرلار.<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite web|title=Epilepsy Fact sheet|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 March 2016|date=February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311001129/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/|archive-date=11 March 2016}}</ref> ایپلپتیک حمله لری نین اساسی میکانزمی، بئیینین کورکسینده بیشعوره و دوغال اولمایان[[نورون|نورونال]] فعالیت دیر. ایپلپسی نین چوخلو قضیالارین دا بو حادثه نین ندنی بیلیریک. بعضي مواریدده آغزي يارالاماسي، سلوك، آغزي تومورلاري، آغزي اينفکسياسياسياسي، يا دا دوغومدا دوغوملو نقصلار ايله بير پروسیسه گؤره باش وئرير. تانینمیش ژنئتيک جهدلر، آز بیر میقداردا داخیل اولور. تشخيص، اله بو ايشلري باشقالارين دا ايشاره ائتمه سيني سؤيله يئر. بو، بعضي يئرده بئیینین تصويرلاشماسي و قان معائناتي ائله باشلانار. ایپیلیپسی چوخ واخت الکترو اینسفالوگرا (EEG) ایله تأکید اولونور، آمما بیر دوغال تست بو دورومون ایستیفاده ائتمه یه جک.<ref name=WHO2016 /><ref name=Ham2010>{{cite book |editor1-last=Hammer |editor1-first=Gary D. |editor2-last=McPhee |editor2-first=Stephen J. |title=Pathophysiology of disease : an introduction to clinical medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780071821186 |year=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-162167-0|edition=6th|chapter=7}}</ref><ref name=Longo2012>{{cite book |last1=Longo |first1=Dan L |title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780071748872_2 |year=2012 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-174887-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780071748872_2/page/3258 3258] |edition=18th|chapter=369 Seizures and Epilepsy}}</ref><ref name=Longo2012 /><ref name=Longo2012 /><ref name=Longo2012 /> اپیلئسی کی اولور باشقا سورونلار دا ندن اولور باشلانان ایپلیپسییا ایسه قاباغین آلماغا مومکوندور. توْپلاملار تقریباً ۷۰% دا داوا ایله کنترل اولونور؛ آز-آز توْپالمایا قارشی دیری دارالاری دا وار. او آداملاردا کیمی دوروملارینا جاواب وئرمه یه ن، [[جراحلیق|جراحی،]] نوروسtimولاسیون یا دا رژیمین دَییشدیرمه سینی دوشونرلر. بوتون اِپئلئپسیا کیسلری بوتون عؤمورلوک اولماز و چوخ آدام او قدر یاخشیلاشیر کی، داها دا درمانین لازیم اولمامیش.<ref name=WHO2016 /><ref name=WHO2016 /> {{As of|2022}}, about 50 million people have epilepsy. occur in the [[گئنیشلندیریلن دونیا|developing world]].<ref name=WHO2022>{{cite web |title=Epilepsy |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy |website=www.who.int |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603072206/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy |archive-date=3 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>from 112,000 in 1990.y is more common in older people.<ref name="Holmes2008">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gLOv8XZ5u48C&pg=PA7|title=Handbook of epilepsy|last=Holmes|first=Thomas R.|last2=Browne|first2=Gregory L.|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7817-7397-3|edition=4th|location=Philadelphia|page=7|access-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331184918/https://books.google.com/books?id=gLOv8XZ5u48C&pg=PA7|archive-date=31 March 2021}}</ref>developed world, onset of new cases occurs most frequently in babies and the elderly.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxE2FYWoY0wC&pg=PA291|title=Wyllie's treatment of epilepsy : principles and practice.|publisher=Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2010|isbn=978-1-58255-937-7|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624113503/https://books.google.com/books?id=mxE2FYWoY0wC&pg=PA291|archive-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>underlying causes.80,قدیم یونان دا 50%.e.[[قدیم یونان دیلی|Ancient Greek]]ἐπιλαμβάνειν, <nowiki>''</nowiki>. == قایناقلار: == 4k4h7y606tioexakdl9a60rs62zaxkr 0 613655 1590648 1548876 2026-07-15T07:33:39Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Bursitis|synonyms=|image=Bursitis_Elbow_WCArrow.jpg|caption=Example of [[olecranon bursitis]]|pronounce=|field=[[Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedics]]|Symptoms=Swelling, difficulty moving, tenderness, pain<ref name=Hub2018>{{cite journal |last1=Hubbard |first1=MJ |last2=Hildebrand |first2=BA |last3=Battafarano |first3=MM |last4=Battafarano |first4=DF |title=Common Soft Tissue Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders. |journal=Primary care |date=June 2018 |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=289-303 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2018.02.006 |pmid=29759125}}</ref>|complications=[[Septic bursitis]]<ref name=Aaron2011 />|onset=|Duration=|Types=Aseptic, septic<ref name=Aaron2011 /><br>Acute, chronic<ref name=Stat2020 />|causes=Overuse, infection, trauma, inflammatory disorders<ref name=Stat2020 />|risks=|Diagnosis=Symptoms and [[physical examination|examination]]<ref name=Aaron2011 />|differential=[[Arthritis]], [[bone fracture|fracture]]s, [[tendinitis]], nerve problems<ref name=Aaron2011 />|Prevention=|treatment=Rest, ice, compression, [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]]<ref name=Aaron2011 /><ref name=Stat2020 />|Medication=|Prognosis=Generally good<ref name=Stat2020 />|frequency=Common<ref name=Aaron2011 />|Deaths=}} بورسیتیز، '''بورسایا''' تانینان بیر یا بیر نئچه مایع دولدوران کیشی نین آلتی یا یا پوخولماسی دیر. بو کیسه لرین سیروئویال غلیبه سی وار و بو سیروئوییال مایعین یولداش لیغی یارادیر.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Christopher H. |last2=Sternard |first2=Britni T. |title=Bursitis |date=August 15, 2020. |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513340/ |chapter=Bursitis |access-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201133537/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513340/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gh2008">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Orthopaedic Pathology|url=https://archive.org/details/orthopaedicpatho0000vigo_2ed|last=Vigorita|first=Vincent J.|last2=Ghelman|first2=Bernard|last3=Mintz|first3=Douglas|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams and Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-9670-5|edition=Second|location=Philadelphia|pages=[https://archive.org/details/orthopaedicpatho0000vigo_2ed/page/719 719]}}</ref> بورسیتین ایله، اثر آلدیغی بؤلگه ده حرکت، حساسیت و آغریلار چتینلیگی اولا بیلر. برسیتده تدریجی باشلانما آغریسی یوخدور. قاریشیق لیق لر [[Septic bursitis|سیپتیک]] بورسیتیسه دن عیبارت اولا بیلر.<ref name=Stat2020 /> بورسیتین ندنلرینده چوخ مصرف، عوفونت، یارالار و سوگیلی ایختلاللار واردیر. انسان بدنین ده ۱۵۰-دن چوخ بورسا وار. ان چوخ ایستیفاده اولونانلار پریپاتلر، اولئکرون، تروکانتریک و ریتروکالکانال دیر. بورسا، عضله لر، تنبللر و باشقا توخوملار [[سوموک|سوموکون]] بؤلگه لرینه گئدرکن یئرلرده یئرلشیب. نورمال اولاراق، اونلار توخونمالار آراسیندا حرکتلرین آرتیرماسی اوچون عمل ائدیرلر. تشخيص عمومًا علامتلر و معائنات اساسيندا اولور و داها دا باشقا موعاینه لرله دا موعاینه اولونور. بو کیمی باشقا علامتلره ندن اولانلار آرتریت، سینما، تندینیت و عصبلرین سورونلاری دیر.<ref name=Stat2020 /><ref name="Gh2008" /><ref name=Stat2020 /><ref name=Aaron2011>{{cite journal |last1=Aaron |first1=DL |last2=Patel |first2=A |last3=Kayiaros |first3=S |last4=Calfee |first4=R |title=Four common types of bursitis: diagnosis and management. |journal=The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons |date=June 2011 |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=359-67 |doi=10.5435/00124635-201106000-00006 |pmid=21628647}}</ref><ref name=Stat2020 /><ref name=Aaron2011 /> درمان نورمال اولاراق دینجللیک، قار، کمپسيون و سستروئيدسيز سوْخما داوایا قارشی لار (NSAID) ايله اولور. استروئید تزریقلار و یا جراحیلر داها آز ایستیفاده اولونور. اوزون مودّتلی بورسیتده استروئید تزریقلارینین اولدوغو ایشاره لری؛ آمما ۲۰۲۰-جی ایلدن بري آزلاییب. بورسیت ارکک و قادینلار آراسيندا ائشیت شایع اولور.<ref name=Stat2020 /><ref name=Aaron2011 /><ref name=Stat2020 /><ref name=Aaron2011 /><ref name=Stat2020 /> == قایناقلار : == <references /> 4vzzc7e9qoqjz3z26g7u1e3vs3wi7ox 0 613673 1590759 1570058 2026-07-15T11:29:21Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''نورئپینئفرین،''' '''نورادرنالین''' آدلاناراق، چوخ آز [[قان]] نوتونون اولدوغو آداملارا درمان اوچون ایستیفاده اولونان بیر داوا دیر. اینترانسیز سوکولرین ایستیفاده ائتمه سینده، سئسین ایشلدیمه سینده ایستیفاده اولونان نورمال دارالیدیر.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67|title=Surgical Decision Making: Beyond the Evidence Based Surgery|last=Latifi|first=Rifat|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319298245|page=67|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165820/https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67|archive-date=2017-03-27}}</ref> بو [[هورمون]] و نوروترانسمیتر [[Norepinephrine (neurotransmitter)|نورپینفرینله]] برابر مولکولدور. آروادا ایستیفاده ائدیر.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Norepinephrine Bitartrate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=26 March 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|archivedate=26 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2017" /> چوخ اولان جانیبی اثرلرین آراسین دا باش آغریسی، اورقانیک چیرپینماسی نین یاخینلاشماسی و [[تشویش|نیگارانلیق]] وار. باشقا جانبی ایشلر ده ناظرلیک اۆرک دؤیوشو واردیر. اگر نورپینفرین وئریلن یئرین ده وریدیر، وریدون دن آخسا، پایلار ایشیمیاسینا ندن اولا بیلر. اگر فنتولامینین آخینتیسی باش وئریرسه، [[فنتولامین|فنتولامينین]] اثرلندیریلن ساحه ده ایستیفاده سی سونوجلاری داها یاخشیلاشدیرماق اولار. نورپینفرین آلفا آدرنرژیک رئسپتورلارینی باغلا و فعال ائتمکله عمل ائدیر.<ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="AHFS2017" /> نورپینفرین ۱۹۴۶-جی ایلده کشف ائدیلدی و ۱۹۵۰-جی ایل ده آمریکا دا طیبی ایستیفاده اوچون قبول ائدیلدی. او، عمومی دوروم اولاراق وئریلیر. گئنیشلندیریلن اؤلکه لرده بؤلوم لرده بؤلمه لری نین توْرا لاری ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده ۴ میلی گرم فیول اوچون حدود 0.42 دوللار ایدی.<ref>{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&pg=RA1-PA224|title=Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences|date=2014|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780123851581|page=224|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165724/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&pg=RA1-PA224|archive-date=2017-03-27}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2017" /> [[بؤیوک بریتانیا|بریتانیا]] دا بو مبلغ NHS-ه ۴.۴۰ پوند آلیب.<ref name="BNF69">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|edition=69|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse/page/145 145]}}</ref> == قایناقلار == <references /> egr1us03iregp10auhy7rls16e75r3s 0 613674 1590677 1554919 2026-07-15T08:23:43Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Titan_multi_spectral_overlay.jpg|بندانگشتی|250x250پیکسل|تیتانی نین چوخ اسپکترالی گؤرونوشو]]   زوحل ان بؤیوک آیی '''تیتان''' دا یاشام وار-اولمامیسی ایندیکی چاغ آچیق بیر سوال و بیلیم تقدیر و آراشدیرما موضوعودور. تيتان يردن چوخ سويوخدور، آمّا [[گونش سیستمی|گونش]] سيستمينين بوتون يرلریندن، [[تایتان (قمر)|تيتان]] يئرلردن باشقا يئرلرنده يئرلرين سينديرمالاري، گؤللر و دهنزلري اولدوغو معلوم. اونون موشک اتمسفراسی کیمیا فعال و کربن مرکبلرینه دؤولتلی دیر. سطحده کی کیچیک و بؤیوک بدنلر ده مایع [[متان|میتان]] و [[اتان]] دیر و مومکوندور کی اونون یخ قیرغیسی آلتیندا مایع سویو بیر قات وار. بعضي عالئملر دوشونورلر کي، بو سو مخلوطلاري ير اوزوندهکي دن فرقلي اولان جانلي حيوالار اوچون پروبیوتیک کیمیا تأسیس ائده بیلر. ۲۰۱۰-جی ایلجو ژوئن آییندا، ''کیسین-هایگینز'' مأموریتینین داده لری نین تحلیلی اوچون علمچولار، سطح یاخینلیغیندا اتمسفرده ایناملی لیقلار بیلدیریبلر کی، میتان تولید ائدن اوْلگانسیزمین حضورینا باغلی اولا بیلر، آمما باشقا حالدا یاشام یاشامایان کیمیائی یا ویدئولوژی پروسئسلردن آلتیندا اولا بیلر. ''کاسینی-هایگینز'' مأموریتین میکروورگانیزملرین راست-باشا آختارماغا و یا قاتیشیق اورقانیک مرکبلرین تام آنبارلاشماسینا تجهیز اولمامادی. == کیمیا == تیتانی نین پروبیوتیک کیمیا یا دا پوتانسال اِکزوتیک حیاتین اؤیرنجیسی اوچون بیر محیط اولاراق دوشونمه سی، بیر بؤلگه ده اونون اتمسفرین ده باش وئرن اورقانیک کیمیا نین فرقلندیگیندن، اونون خاریجی قاتلارین دا فوتو کیمیا عکس العمل لریندن ایسته نمه سیندن دیر. کیسینینین ماسا سپیکترومترو تیتانین اوسته یکی اتمسفرین ده آشاغیداکی کیمیال لری کشف ائتدی: جیرم اولاراق سپیکترومتری بیر مرکبین آتوم ماساسینی، آمما اونون قورولوشونو آچیقلادیغینا گؤره، کشف اولونموش مورکبین دوغرو اولدوغونو آچیقلاییب، داها دا چوخ آراشدیرما لازیمدیر. ماددا لار ادبیاتدا تانینمیش اولسا، کیمیاوی فورمولا اونلارین یوخاریداکی آدلاری ایله یئرلشیب. ماجي (2009) دهکی سانلار اوجا فشارلار اوچون دَییشدیرمه لری ایله باغلی دیر. دیگر مورکباتلار دا کی، داده لرده و اونا باغلی مودئللرده گؤروندولدوغو دوشونولورلر، [[آمونیاک|آمونیق،]] پولیینز، آمینلر، اتایلینمین، [[Deuterium hydride|دوتریوم]] هیدرید، آلین، ۱.۳ [[بوتادین|بوتادیئن]] و داها آز غلظتده داها چوخ پیچیدلی کیمیا موادلاری، هم ده کربون اکسید و محدود مقدارده سو بخاری شامل دیر. == اۆز درجه سی == تیتان گونشدن اوزاقلاشدیغی اوچون یورددان چوخ سويوقدور. اونون سطح درجه سی 94 K (−179 °C، یا −290 °F) دیر. بو درجه ده سو قارو - اگر وارسا - آلار، بخارلانماز و یا اوجالیق دورماز، بلکه چئوریلمیش قالار. چوخ سويوق و فضادا کاربون دوکسيد (CO2) نين يوخلوغونا گؤره، جوناثان لونين کئمي عالئملر تيتانا يئرلي بير جانليليق اوچون مومکون بير يئرلي بير يئريمي اولاراق، يئرلي حياتين يارانماسيندان قاباق حاکيم اولان شرطلر حاقّيندا فرجلرين معائناتي اوچون بير تجريبه باخميشلار. تیتانین یئر اوزوندهکی عادی سطح درجه سی سی سیز سو ایله تطبیق اولماسینا باخمایاراق، لونی و اؤزگه لرین حسابلاشمالاری، گؤرکم لرین ایسه هردن "کؤشوم آوازلاری" یاراتماسینی، سو ایله یا داها چوخ ایللر یا دا داها چوخ دوام ائده جک سو سویو اولان، او واخت کیمیا کیمیاسینی ائتمک اوچون امکان وئرمه یه باشلاییر.<ref>Committee on the Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems, Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, National Research Council; ; The National Academies Press, 2007; page 74</ref> آمما لونین مایع میتان و اتانین محیطین دا حیاتین اولماسینی ایزلمیشدیر و بئله بیر یاشام فورماسی نین (خالقی چوخ ابتدایی اولسا دا) کشفینین کائناتدا یاشام چوخلوغونا نه معنی وئریر، حاققیندا یازمیش دیر. === دمای حاقیندا کئچمیش قیسا === [[فایل:PIA20016-SaturnMoon-Titan-20151113.jpg|بندانگشتی|200x200پیکسل|{{اوْرتا|Titan – infrared view<br>(November 13, 2015).}}]] 1970-جی ایللرده، آسترونومرلر تیتاندان گؤزلنمه یه جک چوخلو انفراخیرمی ایشچی لیکلرینی تاپمیشلار.<ref name="sagan" /> بونون اوچون بیر مومکون تشبیح، گؤوشونگ اثرینه گؤره سطحین گؤزدن داها یاخین اولدوغو دیر. بعضي تخمينلر سطح درجه سيني حتّا ير اوزونون سويوخ بؤلگه لريندن ده درجه سينه ياخينلاشديرير. آمما انفراسرون ایشچی لری اوچون باشقا بیر مومکون توضیح واردی: تیتانین سطحی چوخ سويوقدو، آمما اوسته یین اتمسفئر ایتیلان، اتئلن و اتیلن کیمی مولکوللرین فوق بنفشی ائشیتک لیک سوردورماسیندان اؤتري یوتلاییب.<ref name="sagan">{{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Broca's Brain – the Romance of Science|url=https://archive.org/details/brocasbrainroman0000saga|last=Sagan|first=Carl|date=1979|publisher=Hodder and Stoughton|isbn=978-0-340-24424-1}} pp 185–187.</ref> 1979-جی ایل سئپتامبر آییندا، ساتورون و آیلارینین اوچوش-بورا گؤرکملی اولماسی اوچون ایلک اوزای سوند "پایونئر 11" ، تیتانین سطحینین یئر معیارلاری اساسيندا چوخ سويوق اولدوغونو و عمومیتله گزه گن لرین یاشاییش قابیلیتی ایله باغلی اولان درجه حرارتدن چوخ آشاغی اولدوغونو گؤسترن داده لر گؤندردی. === گله جک درجه حرارت === تیتان بلکه گلجک ده داها قیزا.بئش آلتی میلیارد ائل ایندیدن گۆنش بؤیۆک قیرمیزیه دؤنجک،اۆز دماسی ۲۰۰ کلوینه (۷۰-سیلیسیوس)قالخاجاق سو اوقیانوس لارا گؤره یئترینجه یوخاری دما دیر گۆنشین اولتراویولتی اسکیلمیش ، تایتان دا اولان توز توپراق آزالار و گۆلخانیا قارشی ائتکی لر اۆزۆنده اسکیلیر وگۆلخانا ائتکیسی آتوموسفوریک مئتان دۆزلمک متانت چوخ بؤیۆک بیر رول اویناییر بو دوروم لار بیرلیکده بیر یاشام موحیطی دۆزلدیر. == سطح سويوک سويو يوخلوغو == تیتانین سطحینه [[سو|مایع]] سویونون یوخلوغونو ناسا آستروبیولوگیست آندرو پوورئل ۲۰۰۹-جی ایلده اورادا حیاتین ضئدّئنه بیر دلیل اولاراق سؤیله ییب. پووريل سويا اؤنم گؤسترير، نه آنجاق "تؤلگوموزون تکجه جانليليغي" اوچون استفاده اولونان محلول اولاراق، بلکه اونون کیمیاوي موتمّرات لرینده ده "آرتيقنولوژيک ماددانين اؤز-اؤزونو قورولوشونا ندن اولان موختلیف موختلیف" اولدوغو اوچون. او، تیتانین سطحئنده حیات تاپماق اوچون اولان آچیقلیغی نین اونو آختارماق اوچون ایسته دیگی بیر ماموریتین خرجینی توجیه ائتمک اوچون کیفایت ائدیبلر. == ايشي سويو == آزمایشی اوخشاتما توصیه اولونور کی یئترینجه اورقانیک مواد تیتان دا کیمییایی دئوریمه آنالوگی یئر گزه گن کیمین باشلیابیلر. ناسا نین ''کاسینی'' فضایی گمئسیدن آلینان ۲۰۱۲-جی ایلده نشر اولونموش معلوماتلار، تیتانین قار قیرغیسی آلتیندا مایع سویو بیر قاتین قورونموشدورو دئییلینی داها دا چوخ قووّتلندیر. == پیچیدۀ مولکول لرین تشکیلات == تيتان گونش منظومه سینده تکجه معلوم اولان طبیعی ماهنی (آیر) دیر کی، بیر تاماللی گئجه سی وار و اوجاغین گازلاردان داها چوخدور. تیتانین اتمسفرین قیسمی، کیمیاوی فعال و اورقانیک مرکبلرله دولودور و بو، حیاتین کیمیاوی پیشگوه لرینین اورادا یاراتدیغینی دوشونمه یه سبب اولدو. جو دا جودا و سطح محیطی ایله چرچیوه چکن [[هیدروژن]] گازینی واردیر و بو حیات لار یئر میتانوجنلری ایله قارشیلاشدیریلیب [[انرژی]] قازانماق اوچون بعضی عضوی مرکبلر (مثلا اسیتیلن) ایله بیرلشمه یه بیلرلر.<ref name="nasa.gov" /><ref name="scientificamerican.com" /><ref name="space.com" /> [[فایل:Titan-SaturnMoon-Maps-TraceGases-20141022.jpg|ساغ|بندانگشتی|250x250پیکسل|تیتانین اتمسفرین آرگانیک گازلارینین آچیقلاماسی - [[هیدروژن ایزوسیانید|HNC]] (یولدا) و HC3N (صیغا).]] میلر_اۆرئی تجروبه سی و باشقا تجروبه لر کی اوخشار آتوموسفر کی تایتان و علاوه یو وی رادیاسیون کومپلکسی مولکول لار و [[پولیمر]] مواد تولین لر تولید اولا بیلر. ۲۰۱۰-جی ایل اوکتوبر آییندا [[آریزونا بیلیم‌یوردو|آریزونا بیلیم]] یوردونون سارا هورستسی نین خبرینه گؤره، تیتانین اتمسفرین کیمی بیر گیز ترکیبینده انرژی ایستیفاده ائدیلدیگی زامان تولید اولونان چوخلو مرکبلرین آراسیندا [[دی‌ان‌ائی|DNA]] و [[اسید ریبونوکلئیک|RNA]] نین بش نوکلئوتید اساسینی - قورولوش بلوکونو - تاپدی. هورد [[آمینو اسید|آمینو]] اسیدلرینی ده تاپدی، پروتئئنلرین اساس ماتریاللاری. او، بونو اوّلجی دفعه دئییر کی، اینسانلار بئله بیر تجروبه ده مایع سو ایله مشغول اولمادان نیوکلیوتاید اساسلار و آمینو اسیدلرینی تاپمیشلار. ۲۰۱۳-جی ایل ایلین آوریل آییندا ناسا، تیتانین اتمسفرینی سیمول ائدن مطالعاتین اساسینا گؤره، تیتاندا پیچیدلی [[اورقانیک بیرلشمه|عضوی کیمیاللارین]] یارادیلیب اولدوغونو بیلدیریب. ۲۰۱۳-جی ایل ژوئن آییندا تیتانین یوخاری اتمسفرین ده پولی سئکلیک عطری هیدروکربونلار (PAH) کشف ائدیلدی. آراشدیرمالار گؤرسهدیر کی، پولیمین تیتانین شرایطینده بیر بیناسازی کیمی ایشله یه بیلر. تیتانین اتمسفرین هیدروژن سیانیدین بؤیوک بیر سایی تولید ائدیر، بو ساییلار تیتانين سطح شرایطینده یئنی انرژی توتماغا قادیر اولان شکللره پولئمرلشیر. بو گونه قدر تیتانی نین سیانیدین نه باش وئرمه سی باره ده جاواب بیلینمیر؛ او، یارادیلمیش یئرلرین اوست آلماسیندا وارلی اولسا دا، سطحده یئرینه یئرلشیر و بونونلا دا اونو مصرف ائدن بیر نوع عکس العمل اولدوغونو بیلدیریر. == تئوری لر == === هیدروکربونلار محلول === [[فایل:Liquid_lakes_on_titan.jpg|بندانگشتی|392x392پیکسل|تيتاندا گيدروکاربون گؤللري. (''کاسینی'' رادار آلماسی یالانچی رنگ 2006)]] هر حالدا یئر اوزوندهکی بوتون جانلی مخلوقلار (میتانوجنلر ده) مایع سويو محلول اولاراق ایستیفاده ائدیرلر، تیتان داکی حیاتین عوضئنه میتان و یا اتان کیمی مایع هیدروکربون ایستیفاده ائتمه سی دوشونوله بیلر.<ref name="methanesolvent">Committee on the Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems, Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, National Research Council; [http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11919&page=74 The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems]; The National Academies Press, 2007; page 74.</ref> سو هیدروکربونلاردان داها گوجلو بیر یولوشدور؛ آنجاق سو کیمیا لیکله داها رئاکتیوودور و هیدرولیز ایله بؤیوک اورقانیک مولکوللرینی پوزا بیلر.<ref name="methanesolvent" /> حیاتین بیر فورماسی هیدروکربون یولداشی بو یولدا بایومولکللرینین محو اولماسی خطری ایله اوزبه یه جک.<ref name="methanesolvent" /> تیتان بئله گؤرۆنۆر کی اتان دان یوخسا مئتان دا اولان آخیشقان یوخسا مایع لر گؤل لرین اۆزۆن دولدور موش بئله ده چای لار بولاخ لار و دنیزلر. ۲۰۰۵-جی ایلده ایسترابیولوگلر کریس مککی و هیدر اسمیت، میتانوجنک حیاتین اتمسفر هیدروژنونو کافی حجمده مصرف ائتدیگی حالدا، تیتانین تروپوسفئرین قارشیلاشما رئسیوینا اؤلچولن تأثیر اولاجاقدیرلر. پیش بینی اولونموش تأثیرلر، اَستیلین لیگین اَسه ن توقع دن چوخ آشاغی اولدوغونو و هیدروژن غلظتینین آزالماسینی داخیل ائدیب. بو پیش بینیلره تطبیق اولان شواهدی جون ۲۰۱۰-جی ایلده [[جانز هاپکینز بیلیم‌یوردو|جانز هاپکینز بیلیم]] یوردونون Darrell Strobel طرفیندن بیلدیریلدی. او، یوخاری و آشاغیداکی اتمسفرده هیدروژن غلظتینین اؤلچولری تحلیل ائدیب. استروبل، اوزو جودا هیدروژن غلظتینین سطحین یاخینلیغیندا اولدوغو قدر چوخ بؤیوک اولدوغونو و پارتلاییش فیزیکینین هیدروژنین هر ثانیه ده ۱۰۲۵ مولکول کیمی بیر سرعتله آشاغی طرفه آخماسی ایسته دیگینی بیلدیریب. سطح یاخینلاشدیریلیب، آشاغی آخان هیدروژن گؤرونور کی یوخ اولور. همن آيدا نشر اولونموش آيري بير مقاله ده تيتانين سطحينده چوخ آز اَسيتيلين اولدوغونو گؤرسهدير.<ref name="methlife" /> کریس مککی، استروبل ایله موافق دیر کی، مککی نین 2005-جی ایلده یازیلمیش مقاله سینده دئییل کی، حیاتین اولماسی هیدروژن و اَسیتئلن حاقیندا اولان یاردیملار اوچون مومکون بیر تشبیه دیر، آنجاق او دا خبردارلیق ائدیب کی، دیگر تشبیه لر ایندیکی زاماندا داها چوخ مومکوندور: یعنی، اینانجلار انسانین خاتمی، بیر ویدئولوژی پروسئسینه، یا دا هیدروژنو اَسئتئلنین کیمیال reaksiیایا چئوریلمه سین چئوریجی بیر کانادیر کاتالیزینین اولماسیندان دیر.<ref>[http://www.space.com/13639-alien-life-methane-habitable-zone.html Could Alien Life Exist in the Methane Habitable Zone?] Keith Cooper, Astrobiology Magazine16 November 2011</ref> او، بئله بیر کاتالیزین، -178 °C (95 K) دا مؤثری اولدوغونو، ایندیکی زاماندا تانینمایاجاغینی و اؤزونده ده بیر حیرانلیقلی کشف اولاجاغینی، گرچی بیر خاراكیتر حیات فورماسی نین کشفین دن داها آز حیرانلیقلی اولدوغونو قید ائدیب.<ref name="life?" /> ژوئن ۲۰۱۰-جی ایلین نتیجه لری بریتانیادا یئر آلان "Telegraph" روزنامه سینده یاییلمیش بیر خبر ده "طبیعی قرئب لر"ین وارلیغینا گؤره ایشاره لر حاققیندا بحث ائدیب. === حجري غلافلار === فروردین ۲۰۱۵-جی ایلده مایع متاندا ایشله یه بیله جک فرضیه سیز حجری غشا مودئلل ائدیلدی.<ref name="azotosomemodel">[http://phys.org/news/2015-02-life-saturn-moon-titan.html Life 'not as we know it' possible on Saturn's moon Titan]</ref> بو غشا لارین تجویز اولونموش کیمیاوی اساسی تیتان دا کشف اولونموش اکریلونیتریل دیر. "ازوتوسوم" ("نیتروجن بدن") آدلانان، "ازوتو" دن تشکیل اولونموش، یونانیجا نیتروژن و "سوما" دان تشکیل اولونموش بدن، یئر اوزونده فوسفور و اکسیژنده اولان فوسفوروس و اکسیجنین یوخدور، آمّا نیتروژن واردیر. چوخ فرقلی کیمیاوی قورولوشو و خارجی محیطه باخمایاراق، اونون موصؤولتی، آتو فورماسی، انعطاف، ثبات و باشقا موصؤوولتیله ده، تعجبله بیر شکئلده اوخشاییر. کامپیوتئر سیمولاتئرلری اساسن تیتانین هوا شرایطینده آزوتوسوملار یاراتمامالیدیر. === مقایسه ای یاشاییش === [[دیرک شولز-مکوچ|دئرک شولز-ماکوچ]] و باشقا عالیملر، مختلف سیارات و آیلاردا هر نوع حیاتین تاپماق مومکونلوغونو قئیدله مک اوچون، بیر سیارات یاشاییش لیغی ایندکسینی یارادیبلار و اوندا سطح و اتمسفرین اؤزللیکلرینی، انرژی، محلوللر و اورقانیک مرکبلرین موجود اولدوغونو داخیل اولان فاکتورلارین حسابینا آلینارلار. بو مؤشردن استفاده ائدرک، ۲۰۱۱-جی ایلین سونوندا موجود اولان معلوماتلارا اساسن، ماډل، [[تورکجه]] نین دونیا دن باشقا تانینمیش هر بیر دونیا نین ایلک ایسه یاشاییش لی لی لی لیق درجه سینی اولدوغونو ائدیر.<ref name="PHI" /> === تیتان، تست صورتي === تیتان کیمیائی رئاکتیوتیوتا و حیاتین آراسینداکی علاقه نین بیر تست صورتی اولاراق، آمریکا میللی آراشدیرما کونسلینین ایستیقامتینه مالیک بیر علمی کمیته سی نین یازدیریلیب. جان باروسون رئسیندئيي کمیته، "اگر حیات کیمیائی رئاکتیویتینین اؤزللیکی بیر موتمنی اولسا، توتاندا حیاتین اولماسی لازیمدیر" دئیه دوشونوردو. دوغرودان دا، اگر تيتان اوستونده حيات اولماسيني ائستهيک، اوندا دئیه بئله اولاريق کي حيات، اورقنلي مولکوللرين ثباتلي اولدوغو شرايطلرده رئاكتيۏتيۏتيّتينين اؤزلليک موخصیصي ديئل.. "<ref>Committee on the Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems, Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, National Research Council; ; The National Academies Press, 2007; pages 74–75</ref> دیوید گرینسپون، 2005-جی ایلده تیتانین فرضیه حیاتی لارینین هیدروژن و آسیتیلنین انرژی منبع سی اولاراق ایستیفاده ائتمه سینی پیشنهاد ادن عالیملردن بیری، تیتان حیاتین بحثی تانیمیندا گایا فرضینی یاد ائتدی. او، دونيانين محیطي و اونون اوْلموش جاندارلاري بيرله-بیرله تکامل ائدنده، اوْنجا باشقا حیات اولان دونيالاردا دا اِله شيه گؤره باش وئرمه سيني سؤيکه لرینده. گرينسپونونون دوشونجه سینده، "جئولوژي و ویدئولوژي باخيميندان جانلي اولان دونيا لار بيولوژي باخیميندان دا جانلي اولماقدادیر". === پانسپرمیا یا مستقل دوغوم === تیتاندا حیاتین فرضیه لی وارلیغینین باشقا بیر توضیحی پیشنهاد ائدیلیب: اگر حیات تیتاندا تاپینارسا، او، پنسمئیا آدلانان بیر پروسئستا یورددان باشلاییب. دوشونورلر کی، بؤیوک سیارکلار و کوما لرین یئر اوزونده چکمک لری سبب اولوب کی، میلیونلارجا مئکروبلار یئرینده اولان داش پارچاسی یئرین کشفیتیندن قاچسین. حسابلار گؤرسهدیر کی بو کیمی بیر سیرا شمسی سیستئمین چوخو جسدلرینه راست گله جک، بو کیمی تیتان دا. باشقا طرفدن، جوناثان لونین، تیتانین کریوجنک هیدروکربون گؤیلرینده اولان هر هانسی بیر جانلی مخلوقون کیمیا ساحه سینده یئر اوزوندهکی حیاتدان او قدر فرقلی اولماسی لازیم اولدوغونو وورغولاییب کی، بیری نین باشقا بیرینین آتاسی اولماسی مومکون اولماز. لونینین نظرینده، تیتان گؤیلرینده کی اوْرگانزملارین اولماسی گونش سیستمینده حیاتین ایکیینجی، مستقل اصلیلینه دئییر، بو دا آنلامیشدیر کی حیاتین بوتون کیشمینده یاشاییش یوللاریندا اورتایا چیخماسی نین چوخ احتمالی وار.<ref name="Lunine" /> == پلانلشدیرمه و پیشنهاد اولونموش مأموریتلر == [[آریزونا بیلیم‌یوردو|آریزونا بیلیم یوردو]] نین آستروموست کریس ایمپی (Chris Impey) سؤزونه گؤره، "تایتان مئر ایکسپلورر" (Titan Mare Explorer) موختلیف ماموریت، "اؤلکه یه دوشمه یه جک "دسکوری" کلاسینین یه نقلرینده "حياتین کشف ائدیلمه سی مومکون اولار". "دراگن فلائی" روتورکرافتی نین پلانلادیغی ماموریت، یئرلشن بیر یئرلشیب و چوخ دفعه یئرلشدیرمه یه چالیشمالی دیر. "دراگن فلی" "نوی فرونتیئرز" پروگرامی نین "مئسشن" بؤلومو اولاجاق. اونون آلتیلارین اؤنونده کیمیا پروبیوتیکلرین نه قدر گلیشدیکلرینی اؤیرنه جک.<ref name="dragonfly" /> دراغون فلائی تیتانین سطحینین کیمیاوی تشکیلاتینی اؤیرنمه یه و هیدروژن غلظتلری دن علاوه، ایحتمالی بایوسیناتورلار اوچون آشاغیداکی اتمسفرین نمونه لری آلماغا سئلاح آپاراجاق. == باخ == * {{Annotated link|Lakes of Titan}} * {{Annotated link|Life on Mars}} * {{Annotated link|Life on Venus}} == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} [[بؤلمه:تایتان (قمر)]] [[بؤلمه:صفحه‌های با ترجمه بازبینی‌نشده]] eiqnfyjvdjtb7g0uhu3n6e8pdsssytl 0 614138 1590751 1554875 2026-07-15T11:21:10Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590751 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Cellulose-3D-balls.png|left|thumb|پولی ساکارید ترکیبی]] '''پولی ساکارید''' ({{lang-en|Polysaccharide}})، بیردن فازلا و آیری (بیرلشیک اوْلمایان) [[مونوساکارید]]لرین [[قلیکوزید باغ]]لاری ایله بیرلشمه‌سیندن اوْلوشان [[شیمیایی ماده]] دیر.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Matthews CE, Van Holde KE, Ahern KG | date = 1999 | title = Biochemistry | url = https://archive.org/details/biochemistry0003math | edition = 3rd | publisher = Benjamin Cummings | isbn = 0-8053-3066-6 }}</ref> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} a9kb22ym5qfju4lpasft61pcsafr1kc 0 614248 1590691 1555859 2026-07-15T09:08:23Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:Eye macro.jpg|thumb|گؤز قاپاقلاری]] '''گؤز قاپاغی'''، [[گؤز]]و قوْروماق اۆچون نازیک بیر [[دری]] لایه‌سی دیر. گؤز قاپاغی [[بدن]]ین ان اینجه دری‌سی دیر. گؤز قؽرپماقلا بدن گؤزو نم ساخلاییر و گؤزون قۇروماسی‌نین قارشی‌سی‌نی آلیر. بیر گؤز قاپاغی گؤزون اۆستونده، بیر ده آلتیندا دیر. [[کیرپیک]]لر گؤز قاپاقلاری‌نین کناریندا یئرلشیر. [[اوست گؤز قاپاغی‌نین قالدیریجی عضله‌سی]] گؤز قاپاغی‌نین قالخماسینا و گؤزون آچیلماسینا سبب اوْلور.<ref >{{cite book|last=Goldman|first=Lee|title=Goldman's Cecil Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781437727883_1|date=25 July 2011|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1437727883|pages=2426|edition=24th}}</ref> == قایناقلار == {{قایناق}} sadj8aua653vzeax5vip9bx6zjhavpr 0 616832 1590687 1577532 2026-07-15T09:00:07Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فایل:The one ring animated.gif|بندانگشتی|بیرلیگ اوزوکونون اوچ باخیشلی نیگارسی.]]   '''بیرلیک اوزوکی'''، یادا بویوک باش [[اوزوک]]، [[جی. آر. آر. تالکین|تالکینین]] افسانه لی ناغیل-لاریندا، شؤهرتلی بیر اوزوکه دییلیر که قارانلیق اربابینین الینده، یانی سیهیربار [[سائورون|سائورونون]] توسؤطیله یاراندی. سائورون اوزوکی یاراتدی، کی [[اؤرتا دونیا|اورتا دونیانی]] و خاصا حالتینده اؤنون ایچینده یاشایان [[الف (اؤرتا دونیا)|ایلفلرینی]]، اؤز قؤدرتینین آلتینا گتیرسین. بیرلیک اوزوکی ایکیمینجی دؤراندا، هلاکت داغیندا، [[موردور]] اولکه-سینده، 19 اوزوکلره حؤکومت اله-مق اؤچون یاراندی و ناغیلین سؤنوندا چوخلی ساواشلاردان سؤنرا، اؤچمینجی دوراندا، [[فرودو بقینز|فرودو بقینزین]] الینده موردورا قاییدیب و [[قالوم]]-نان قارشی هلاکت داغینین گؤدازلارینا دؤشوب و آرادان گئتدی. اوزوکون آرادان گئتمه-سی سائورونون جیسمینین آرادان گئتمه-سینه باعیث اولدی آنجاق اونون روحو قالدی کی دای هئچ بیر قودرتی دونیایا قاییتماق اوچون یوخیدی. هابیت، اوزوکلر اربابی و سیلماریللیون کیتابلاریندا بو اوزوکه گؤره بحثلر اولوب. == قایناق لار == {{سوْلدان}} * {{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer|url=https://archive.org/details/sagaofvolsungsno0000unse|last=Byock|first=Jesse L.|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1990|isbn=0-520-06904-8|author-link=Jesse Byock}} * {{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography|last=Carpenter|first=Humphrey|publisher=New York: [[Ballantine Books]]|year=1977|isbn=978-0-04-928037-3}} * {{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=Mittelerde: Tolkien und die germanische Mythologie|last=Simek|first=Rudolf|publisher=C. H. Beck|year=2005|isbn=978-3406528378|language=de|trans-title=Middle-earth: Tolkien and the Germanic Mythology|author-link=Rudolf Simek}} * {{کیتاب قایناقلاماسی|title=The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|last=Carpenter|first=Humphrey|publisher=Boston: [[Houghton Mifflin]]|year=1981|isbn=978-0-395-31555-2}} {{سوْن}} [[بؤلمه:اوزوکلر اربابی]] [[بؤلمه:اورتا دونیاسینین اولکه لری]] [[بؤلمه:اورتا دونیا]] qtj54qgu3gcc2iieoa8cx7of9ir5hbh 0 617629 1590678 1588413 2026-07-15T08:29:27Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''قاباق‌گؤرولموش''' ویا '''دیژاوو''' ، ([[ فرانسه دیلی|فرانسه جه]]: [déjà-vu]؛ «آرتیق گؤرولموش») <ref>{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2021|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson |edition=3rd|isbn=9781405881180}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|title=Deja Vu {{!}} Definition of Deja Vu by Merriam-Webster|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deja%20vu|access-date=2018-01-27}}</ref> او انسانین حاضیر وضعیتینی اؤنجه یاشامیش کیمی حیس ائتمه حالیدی. <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = A. S. | year = 2003 | title = A Review of the Deja Vu Experience | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-bulletin_2003-05_129_3/page/394 | journal = [[Psychological Bulletin]] | volume = 129 | issue = 3| pages = 394–413 | doi=10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.394| pmid = 12784936 }}</ref>بو، یا‌د حافظی ایلوسیاسیدیر کی اؤنجه‌کی تجربه‌نین زمان، یئر و شرا‌ئطی قطعی یا ایمکانسیز اولور، هرچند کی اؤلکه‌دی بیر قوتلو یادداشت حیسی وار. تحقیقلره گؤره، سؤیوشدورولموش خلقین تقریباً ایکی-اوچ نفردن عمر بویوندا بیر دیژاوونو تجربه‌سینی بیلدیریر. بو حادثه بعضن سئر‌ی حمله‌لریندن اؤنجه‌کی «اورا» علامتی کیمی اولور و بعضی تحقیقچی‌لر دائیمی یا تکرارلانان «پاتولوژیک» دیژاوویو عصبی یا روانی امراض‌له علاقه لندیریب. قاباق گؤرولموش تجربه ائتمک، اۆچونجو اجتماعی وضعیت، یوخاری تعلیم سطحی و اَشیاغ عمرله مرتبط اولموشدی. داها چوخ سفر ائدَنلر، دائم فیلم باخانلار و رویالارینی یاده ساخلایانلر دیژاوو تجربه‌سینی بیلدیرمکده باشقالاردان داها احتماللی‌دیر.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cleary|first=Anne M.|date=2008-10-01|title=Recognition Memory, Familiarity, and Déjà vu Experiences|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-directions-in-psychological-science_2008-10_17_5/page/352|journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science|language=en|volume=17|issue=5|pages=353–357|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00605.x|s2cid=55691148|issn=0963-7214}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Ross, Brian H. |title=The psychology of learning and motivation. Vol. 53 |url=https://archive.org/details/psychologyoflear0053bria |date=2010 |publisher=Academic |isbn=9780123809063 |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/psychologyoflear0053bria/page/33 33]–62 |oclc=668193814}}</ref> [[File:Émile_Boirac_2.jpg|thumb|upright|ائمیل بویراک دیژاوونون تحقیقچیسی]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} hv93kprll9t41mkwctgct1umraqmhp2 0 617867 1590745 1589019 2026-07-15T11:08:18Z InternetArchiveBot 27960 Add 1 book for verifiability (20260715)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1590745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''یاغؽش کؤلگه‌سی''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]]: '''Rain shadow''')داغلؽق اراضینین آرخاسؽندا، اۆستونلوک تشکیل ائدن کۆلکلردن اۇزاقلاشان طرفده، کۆلکلی طرف کیمی تانؽنان، یاغؽش میقدارؽنین اهمییتلی درجه‌ده آزالدؽغی بیر ساحه‌دیر. [[File:Rain shadow effect.jpg|thumb|upright=1.7|یاغؽش کؤلگسینین اثری]] دریا و بؤیوک گوللرین سطحیندن بوخارلانان نم، حاکیم ساحل یئللری‌نین واسطه‌سی‌ایله داها قورو و ایستی ایچری بؤلگه‌لره ساری آپاریلیر. بو نملی هاوا اوجالیق‌لارا یئتنده، داغین یئشیل (شیب) طرفی‌ایله یوخاری قالخیر، گئنیشلنیر، سویویور و نملیگی سیخیشیب یاغیش حالینا چئوریلیر. اگر داغلار چوخ اوجا و گئنیش اولسالار، نملیک‌لرین چوخو داغین یاغیش دَین طرفینده (Windward side) یاغیش اولاراق تؤکولور و قیرخا چاتمامیش هاوا نمینی ایتیرمیش اولور. داغدان آشاغی ائئن هاوا، تضییق آلتیندا قیزیر و «فئن» (Foehn) یئللری‌نی یارادیر کی بو یئللری داغین دالی طرفینده (Leeward side) قورو بیر «سایه» بؤلگه‌سی عمله گتیریر. بو بؤلگه‌لر آدتن تیکانلی کوللوکلر، قورو چؤللرو یا صحرالاردان عیبارت اولور. بو وضعیت اونا گؤره یارانیب کی، ایستی و نملی هاوا اوجالیق‌لارین واسطه‌سی‌ایله (Orographic lifting) داغین زیروه‌سینه قالخیر. اوجالیق آرتدیقجا، هاوا تضییقی آزالیر و آدیاباتیک سویوما باش وئریر؛ هاوا اؤز «آدیاباتیک شبنَم نقطه‌سینه» چاتیر. بو مرحله‌ده رطوبت سیخیشیب یاغیش اولاراق داغین اوست و یاغیش دَین طرفینه تؤکولور. هاوا داغین دالی طرفیندن آشاغی ائننده، آرتیق نمینی ایتیرمیش اولور. داغدان ائنن هاوا، آدیاباتیک سیخیشما نتیجه‌سینده (فئن یئللری کیمی) ایستی‌لشیر و داها چوخ نم جذب ائده‌رک، آشاغیدا قوراق بیر بؤلگه یارادیر. [[File:A virtually cloudless image of Madagascar ESA230211.jpg|thumb|230px|ماداقاسکارؽن دوغوداکی داغلار یاغؽش کؤلگه سی مرکز و باتیا سالؽر.]] دنیز و بؤیوک [[گؤل|گؤل‌لرین]] سطحیندن بوخارلانان نَم، حاکیم ساحیل یئللری‌نین واسطه‌سی‌ایله داها قورو و ایستی ایچری بؤلگه‌لره ساری آپاریلیر. بو نَملی هاوا اوجالیق‌لارا یئتنده، داغین یئشیل طرفی‌ایله یوخاری قالخیر، گئنیشلنیر، سویویور و نَملیگی سیخیشیب یاغیش حالینا چئوریلیر. اَگر داغلار چوخ اوجا و گئنیش اولسالار، نملیک‌لرین چوخو داغین یاغیش دَین طرفینده یاغیش اولاراق تؤکولور و زیروه‌یه چاتمامیش هاوا نَمینی ایتیرمیش اولور. داغدان آشاغی اَئن هاوا، تضییق آلتیندا قیزیر و «فئن یئللری‌نی(ایستی یئل) یارادیر کی بو یئللری داغین دالی طرفینده قورو بیر کؤلگه بؤلگه‌سی عمله گتیریر. بو بؤلگه‌لر آدتن تیکانلی کوللوکلر، قورو چؤل‌لر و یا صحرالاردان عیبارت اولور. بو وضعیت اونا گؤره یارانیب کی، ایستی و نَملی هاوا اوجالیق‌لارین واسطه‌سی‌ایله داغین زیروه‌سینه قالخیر. اوجالیق آرتدیقجا، هاوا تضییقی آزالیر و آدیاباتیک سویوما باش وئریر؛ هاوا اؤز «آدیاباتیک شَبنَم نقطه‌سینه» چاتیر. بو مرحله‌ده رطوبت سیخیشیب یاغیش اولاراق داغین اوست و یاغیش دَین طرفینه تؤکولور. هاوا داغین دالی طرفیندن آشاغی اَئننده، آرتیق نَمینی ایتیرمیش اولور. داغدان اَئنن هاوا، آدیاباتیک سیخیشما نتیجه‌سینده (فئن یئللری کیمی) ایستی‌لشیر و داها چوخ نَم جذب ائده‌رک، آشاغیدا قوراق بیر بؤلگه یارادیر.<ref name="Whiteman">{{cite book|last=Whiteman|first= C. David|title=Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications |url=https://archive.org/details/mountainmeteorol0000whit|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-19-513271-8}}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} qzhdawi7wohi30q1qnic5vemdzv5jr8 0 617953 1590592 2026-07-14T15:24:04Z H.Ganjeli 58356 صفحه‌‌نی ' '''ام۱ آبرامز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : M1 Abrams)، کرایسلر دفنس (ایندیکی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) طرفیندن دیزاین ائدیلمیش و ژنرال کریتون آبرامزؽن آدؽنی داشؽیان اۆچونجو نسیل آمریکا [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی|اساسی دؤیوش تانکؽدیر]]. مۆعاصیر زیرهلی قۇرو د...' ایله ياراتدی 1590592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ام۱ آبرامز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : M1 Abrams)، کرایسلر دفنس (ایندیکی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) طرفیندن دیزاین ائدیلمیش و ژنرال کریتون آبرامزؽن آدؽنی داشؽیان اۆچونجو نسیل آمریکا [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی|اساسی دؤیوش تانکؽدیر]]. مۆعاصیر زیرهلی قۇرو دؤیوشو اۆچون نظرده تۇتولان بۇ تانک، تخمینا ۷۳،۶ توْنلوق چکیسی ایله خیدمتده اوْلان ان آغؽر تانکلاردان بیریدیر. اوْ، [[ آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] زیرهلی قۆوه‌لرینه چوْخیاناجاقلی تۇربین مۆحریکی، مۆرکب جوبهام کوْمپوزیت زیره، کوْمپوتئر آتش اداره‌ئتمه سیستئمی، پارتلایؽجی بؤلمه‌ده آیرؽجا سۇرسات ساخلاما و ائکیپاژ تحلۆکه‌سیزلی‌یی اۆچون NBC مۆحافیظه‌سی داخیل اوْلماقلا بیر نئچه مۆعاصیر تئخنوْلوگییا تقدیم ائتدی. م۱ـین ایلکین موْدئللری ۱۰۵ مم-لیک ام۶۸ توْپو ایله سیلاحلانمؽش، سوْنراکی نۆسخه لرده ایسه لیسنزییالؽ ایستئحصال اوْلونموش رئینمئتال ۱۲۰ مم ل٫۴۴ تعیین اولموش ام۲۵۶ وار. ام۱ آبرامز، کؤهنه‌لمیش ام۶۰ تانکؽنی عوض ائتمک اۆچون نظرده توتولموش اوغورسوز آمریکا و[[باتی آلمان|غربی آلمان]] بیرگه MBT-70 لاییحه‌سیندن حاضؽرلانمیشدیر. آبرامسؽن اۆچ اساس عملیات وئرسییاسؽ وار: ام۱، ام۱آ۱ و ام۱آ۲، هر یئنی نۆسخه ده سیلاحلانما، مۆحافیظه و الکترونیکدا ایرلیلَییشلر مۆشاهیده اولونور.<ref>{{citation |first=Dave |last=Majumdar |title=Inside the US Army's Lethal New M1A2 SEP v.3 Abrams Main Battle Tank |url= http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |work=[[The National Interest]] |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171018190927/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} fnm3vd76s75p0n097gmhl7s5cflzbt2 1590593 1590592 2026-07-14T15:28:07Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ام۱ آبرامز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : M1 Abrams)، کرایسلر دفنس (ایندیکی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) طرفیندن دیزاین ائدیلمیش و ژنرال کریتون آبرامزؽن آدؽنی داشؽیان اۆچونجو نسیل آمریکا [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی|اساسی دؤیوش تانکؽدیر]]. مۆعاصیر زیرهلی قۇرو دؤیوشو اۆچون نظرده تۇتولان بۇ تانک، تخمینا ۷۳،۶ توْنلوق چکیسی ایله خیدمتده اوْلان ان آغؽر تانکلاردان بیریدیر. {{Infobox weapon | name = ام۱ آبرامز | image = M1A2 SEP v3.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = | caption = آمریکا اوردوسونون ام۱ آ۲ تانکینین گورونوسو لهیستاندا<ref>{{Cite web |last=COL Bruner |date=13 May 2026 |title=NDIA MDEX 2026 - CPE GROUND AND ACC-DTA |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2026/05/18/296ad5fa/acc-dta-cpe-ground-mdex-2026-final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521200629/https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2026/05/18/296ad5fa/acc-dta-cpe-ground-mdex-2026-final.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2026 |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Capability Program Executive - Ground Soldier Systems |date=2026 |title=Project Manager Abrams (PM Abrams) |url=https://cpeground.army.mil/Combat-Platforms/Project-Manager-Abrams/ |access-date=7 June 2026 |website=cpeground.army.mil}}</ref> | origin = United States | type = [[Main battle tank]] | is_artillery = yes | is_vehicle = yes | service = 1980–present | used_by = See [[#Operators|Operators]] below | wars = {{Tree list}} *[[Cold War]] **[[Gulf War]] *[[Waco siege]] *[[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UNOSOM II]] *[[Yugoslav Wars]] **[[Implementation Force|Operation Joint Endeavour]] **[[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Operation Joint Guard]] **[[Kosovo War]] ***[[Task Force Hawk]] ***[[Kosovo Force|Operation Joint Guardian]] *[[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]] **[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] **[[Iraq War]] **[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)|War in Iraq]] *[[Arab Spring]] **[[2011 Egyptian revolution|Egyptian Revolution of 2011]] *[[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)]] **[[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] *[[Russo-Ukrainian War]] **[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] {{Tree list/end}} | designer = [[Chrysler Defense]] (now [[General Dynamics Land Systems]]) | design_date = 1972–1976 | manufacturer = [[Lima Army Tank Plant]] | unit_cost = '''M1A1:''' $4.3 million (domestic cost, FY1989) (~$10.66 million, FY2023)<ref name="pogo.org">{{Cite web |date=1990-01-01 |title=The Army's M1 Tank: Has It Lived Up To Expectations? |url= https://www.pogo.org/report/1990/01/armys-m1-tank-has-it-lived-up-to-expectations |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Project On Government Oversight |language=en-US}}</ref><br />'''M1A2 SEPv3:''' $24 million (export cost, FY2022)<ref>{{cite news |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |date= July 15, 2021 |title=Poland Just Bought America's M1 Abrams Tank. That's Ironic |work= Popular mechanics |url= https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a37026843/poland-buys-us-m1a2-abrams-main-battle-tank/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210722062044/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a37026843/poland-buys-us-m1a2-abrams-main-battle-tank/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | production_date = 1979–present | number = approx. 10,300 as of 2017<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Deagel |url= http://www.deagel.com/Armored-Vehicles/M1A2-Abrams_a000516003.aspx |title= M1A2 Abrams |access-date=12 December 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213095546/http://www.deagel.com/Armored-Vehicles/M1A2-Abrams_a000516003.aspx |archive-date=13 December 2017}}</ref> | variants = See [[M1 Abrams#Variants and upgrades|Variants and upgrades]] | mass = M1: {{convert|60|ST|t|lk=on}}{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p= 306}}<br />M1A1: {{convert|63|ST|t|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p= 306}}<br />M1A1 SA: {{convert|67.6|ST|t|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2 SEPv2: {{convert|71.2|ST|t|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2 SEPv3: {{convert|73.6|ST|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="ASAALT2018">{{cite web |title=ASAALT Weapon Systems Handbook 2018 |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |publisher=Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) |access-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181019121934/https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | length = Gun forward: {{convert|32.04|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile">{{cite web |url= http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html |title=Abrams Tank Fact File for the United States Army |publisher=United States Army |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131115181622/http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html |archive-date=15 November 2013 |access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref><br />Hull length: {{convert|26.02|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|12|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile" /> | height = {{convert|8|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile" /> | crew = 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver) | elevation = +20° / −10°{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p=306}} | traverse = 9 seconds/360 degrees{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p=306}} | armour = [[Composite armor]] | primary_armament = M1: 105&nbsp;mm L/52 [[M68 tank gun|M68A1]] [[Rifling|rifled]] gun (55 rounds)<br />M1A1+M1A2: 120&nbsp;mm L/44 [[M256 (tank gun)|M256]] [[smoothbore]] gun (40 rounds) | secondary_armament = 1 × 0.50 caliber (12.7&nbsp;mm) [[M2 Browning|M2HB]] [[heavy machine gun]] with 900 rounds<br />2 × [[7.62×51mm NATO|7.62&nbsp;mm (.308 in)]] [[M240 machine gun|M240]] [[machine gun]]s with 10,400 rounds (1 [[Pintle mount|pintle-mounted]], 1 [[Coaxial mount|coaxial]]) | engine = [[Honeywell AGT1500]] multi-fuel [[Gas turbine|turbine engine]] | engine_power = 1,500&nbsp;[[shaft horsepower|shp]] (1,120&nbsp;kW) | pw_ratio = From 26.9&nbsp;hp/t (20.05&nbsp;kW/t) to 23.8&nbsp;hp/t (17.74&nbsp;kW/t) | transmission = Allison DDA X-1100-3B | suspension = [[Torsion bar suspension|High-hardness-steel torsion bars]] with rotary shock absorbers | clearance = M1, M1A1: {{convert|0.48|m|ft in|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2: {{convert|0.43|m|abbr=on}} | fuel_capacity = {{convert|504.4|USgal|L}} | vehicle_range = M1A2, road: {{convert|426|km|abbr=on|order=flip}}<br />Cross country: {{convert|150-200|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=JaneAA-162>{{cite book |last=Foss |first=Chris |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006 |year=2005 |url= https://archive.org/details/mainbattletanksl00cffo |url-access=limited |isbn=0-7106-2686-X |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |page= [https://archive.org/details/mainbattletanksl00cffo/page/n160 162]}}</ref> | speed = M1A1, road: {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (governed);<br />M1A2, road: {{convert|67|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}} (governed);<br />Off-road: {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=JaneAA-162 /> }} اوْ، [[ آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] زیرهلی قۆوه‌لرینه چوْخیاناجاقلی تۇربین مۆحریکی، مۆرکب جوبهام کوْمپوزیت زیره، کوْمپوتئر آتش اداره‌ئتمه سیستئمی، پارتلایؽجی بؤلمه‌ده آیرؽجا سۇرسات ساخلاما و ائکیپاژ تحلۆکه‌سیزلی‌یی اۆچون NBC مۆحافیظه‌سی داخیل اوْلماقلا بیر نئچه مۆعاصیر تئخنوْلوگییا تقدیم ائتدی. ام۱ـین ایلکین موْدئللری ۱۰۵ مم-لیک ام۶۸ توْپو ایله سیلاحلانمؽش، سوْنراکی نۆسخه لرده ایسه لیسنزییالؽ ایستئحصال اوْلونموش رئینمئتال ۱۲۰ مم ل٫۴۴ تعیین اولموش ام۲۵۶ وار. ام۱ آبرامز، کؤهنه‌لمیش ام۶۰ تانکؽنی عوض ائتمک اۆچون نظرده توتولموش اوغورسوز آمریکا و[[باتی آلمان|غربی آلمان]] بیرگه MBT-70 لاییحه‌سیندن حاضؽرلانمیشدیر. آبرامسؽن اۆچ اساس عملیات وئرسییاسؽ وار: ام۱، ام۱آ۱ و ام۱آ۲، هر یئنی نۆسخه ده سیلاحلانما، مۆحافیظه و الکترونیکدا ایرلیلَییشلر مۆشاهیده اولونور.<ref>{{citation |first=Dave |last=Majumdar |title=Inside the US Army's Lethal New M1A2 SEP v.3 Abrams Main Battle Tank |url= http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |work=[[The National Interest]] |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171018190927/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} oi2awv7u2n871g82mucdn30l4flihj8 1590598 1590593 2026-07-14T18:46:14Z H.Ganjeli 58356 1590598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ام۱ آبرامز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : M1 Abrams)، کرایسلر دفنس (ایندیکی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) طرفیندن دیزاین ائدیلمیش و ژنرال کریتون آبرامزؽن آدؽنی داشؽیان اۆچونجو نسیل آمریکا [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی|اساسی دؤیوش تانکؽدیر]]. مۆعاصیر زیرهلی قۇرو دؤیوشو اۆچون نظرده تۇتولان بۇ تانک، تخمینا ۷۳،۶ توْنلوق چکیسی ایله خیدمتده اوْلان ان آغؽر تانکلاردان بیریدیر. {{Infobox weapon | name = ام۱ آبرامز | image = M1A2 SEP v3.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = | caption = آمریکا اوردوسونون ام۱ آ۲ تانکینین گورونوسو لهیستاندا<ref>{{Cite web |last=COL Bruner |date=13 May 2026 |title=NDIA MDEX 2026 - CPE GROUND AND ACC-DTA |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2026/05/18/296ad5fa/acc-dta-cpe-ground-mdex-2026-final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521200629/https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2026/05/18/296ad5fa/acc-dta-cpe-ground-mdex-2026-final.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2026 |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Capability Program Executive - Ground Soldier Systems |date=2026 |title=Project Manager Abrams (PM Abrams) |url=https://cpeground.army.mil/Combat-Platforms/Project-Manager-Abrams/ |access-date=7 June 2026 |website=cpeground.army.mil}}</ref> | origin = United States | type = [[Main battle tank]] | is_artillery = yes | is_vehicle = yes | service = 1980–present | used_by = See [[#Operators|Operators]] below | wars = {{Tree list}} *[[Cold War]] **[[Gulf War]] *[[Waco siege]] *[[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UNOSOM II]] *[[Yugoslav Wars]] **[[Implementation Force|Operation Joint Endeavour]] **[[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Operation Joint Guard]] **[[Kosovo War]] ***[[Task Force Hawk]] ***[[Kosovo Force|Operation Joint Guardian]] *[[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]] **[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] **[[Iraq War]] **[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)|War in Iraq]] *[[Arab Spring]] **[[2011 Egyptian revolution|Egyptian Revolution of 2011]] *[[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)]] **[[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] *[[Russo-Ukrainian War]] **[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] {{Tree list/end}} | designer = کرایسلر دفنس (ایندی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) | design_date = ۱۹۷۲–۱۹۷۶ | manufacturer = [[Lima Army Tank Plant]] | unit_cost = '''M1A1:''' $4.3 million (domestic cost, FY1989) (~$10.66 million, FY2023)<ref name="pogo.org">{{Cite web |date=1990-01-01 |title=The Army's M1 Tank: Has It Lived Up To Expectations? |url= https://www.pogo.org/report/1990/01/armys-m1-tank-has-it-lived-up-to-expectations |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Project On Government Oversight |language=en-US}}</ref><br />'''M1A2 SEPv3:''' $24 million (export cost, FY2022)<ref>{{cite news |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |date= July 15, 2021 |title=Poland Just Bought America's M1 Abrams Tank. That's Ironic |work= Popular mechanics |url= https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a37026843/poland-buys-us-m1a2-abrams-main-battle-tank/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210722062044/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a37026843/poland-buys-us-m1a2-abrams-main-battle-tank/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | production_date = 1979–present | number = approx. 10,300 as of 2017<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Deagel |url= http://www.deagel.com/Armored-Vehicles/M1A2-Abrams_a000516003.aspx |title= M1A2 Abrams |access-date=12 December 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213095546/http://www.deagel.com/Armored-Vehicles/M1A2-Abrams_a000516003.aspx |archive-date=13 December 2017}}</ref> | variants = See [[M1 Abrams#Variants and upgrades|Variants and upgrades]] | mass = M1: {{convert|60|ST|t|lk=on}}{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p= 306}}<br />M1A1: {{convert|63|ST|t|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p= 306}}<br />M1A1 SA: {{convert|67.6|ST|t|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2 SEPv2: {{convert|71.2|ST|t|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2 SEPv3: {{convert|73.6|ST|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="ASAALT2018">{{cite web |title=ASAALT Weapon Systems Handbook 2018 |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |publisher=Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) |access-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181019121934/https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | length = Gun forward: {{convert|32.04|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile">{{cite web |url= http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html |title=Abrams Tank Fact File for the United States Army |publisher=United States Army |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131115181622/http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html |archive-date=15 November 2013 |access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref><br />Hull length: {{convert|26.02|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|12|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile" /> | height = {{convert|8|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile" /> | crew = 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver) | elevation = +20° / −10°{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p=306}} | traverse = 9 seconds/360 degrees{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p=306}} | armour = [[Composite armor]] | primary_armament = M1: 105&nbsp;mm L/52 [[M68 tank gun|M68A1]] [[Rifling|rifled]] gun (55 rounds)<br />M1A1+M1A2: 120&nbsp;mm L/44 [[M256 (tank gun)|M256]] [[smoothbore]] gun (40 rounds) | secondary_armament = 1 × 0.50 caliber (12.7&nbsp;mm) [[M2 Browning|M2HB]] [[heavy machine gun]] with 900 rounds<br />2 × [[7.62×51mm NATO|7.62&nbsp;mm (.308 in)]] [[M240 machine gun|M240]] [[machine gun]]s with 10,400 rounds (1 [[Pintle mount|pintle-mounted]], 1 [[Coaxial mount|coaxial]]) | engine = [[Honeywell AGT1500]] multi-fuel [[Gas turbine|turbine engine]] | engine_power = 1,500&nbsp;[[shaft horsepower|shp]] (1,120&nbsp;kW) | pw_ratio = From 26.9&nbsp;hp/t (20.05&nbsp;kW/t) to 23.8&nbsp;hp/t (17.74&nbsp;kW/t) | transmission = Allison DDA X-1100-3B | suspension = [[Torsion bar suspension|High-hardness-steel torsion bars]] with rotary shock absorbers | clearance = M1, M1A1: {{convert|0.48|m|ft in|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2: {{convert|0.43|m|abbr=on}} | fuel_capacity = {{convert|504.4|USgal|L}} | vehicle_range = M1A2, road: {{convert|426|km|abbr=on|order=flip}}<br />Cross country: {{convert|150-200|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=JaneAA-162>{{cite book |last=Foss |first=Chris |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006 |year=2005 |url= https://archive.org/details/mainbattletanksl00cffo |url-access=limited |isbn=0-7106-2686-X |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |page= [https://archive.org/details/mainbattletanksl00cffo/page/n160 162]}}</ref> | speed = M1A1, road: {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (governed);<br />M1A2, road: {{convert|67|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}} (governed);<br />Off-road: {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=JaneAA-162 /> }} اوْ، [[ آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] زیرهلی قۆوه‌لرینه چوْخیاناجاقلی تۇربین مۆحریکی، مۆرکب جوبهام کوْمپوزیت زیره، کوْمپوتئر آتش اداره‌ئتمه سیستئمی، پارتلایؽجی بؤلمه‌ده آیرؽجا سۇرسات ساخلاما و ائکیپاژ تحلۆکه‌سیزلی‌یی اۆچون NBC مۆحافیظه‌سی داخیل اوْلماقلا بیر نئچه مۆعاصیر تئخنوْلوگییا تقدیم ائتدی. ام۱ـین ایلکین موْدئللری ۱۰۵ مم-لیک ام۶۸ توْپو ایله سیلاحلانمؽش، سوْنراکی نۆسخه لرده ایسه لیسنزییالؽ ایستئحصال اوْلونموش رئینمئتال ۱۲۰ مم ل٫۴۴ تعیین اولموش ام۲۵۶ وار. ام۱ آبرامز، کؤهنه‌لمیش ام۶۰ تانکؽنی عوض ائتمک اۆچون نظرده توتولموش اوغورسوز آمریکا و[[باتی آلمان|غربی آلمان]] بیرگه MBT-70 لاییحه‌سیندن حاضؽرلانمیشدیر. آبرامسؽن اۆچ اساس عملیات وئرسییاسؽ وار: ام۱، ام۱آ۱ و ام۱آ۲، هر یئنی نۆسخه ده سیلاحلانما، مۆحافیظه و الکترونیکدا ایرلیلَییشلر مۆشاهیده اولونور.<ref>{{citation |first=Dave |last=Majumdar |title=Inside the US Army's Lethal New M1A2 SEP v.3 Abrams Main Battle Tank |url= http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |work=[[The National Interest]] |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171018190927/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} p2g36rv40cmejbgtfvs6wqji78hjrai 1590607 1590598 2026-07-15T04:09:47Z H.Ganjeli 58356 1590607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ام۱ آبرامز''' ([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : M1 Abrams)، کرایسلر دفنس (ایندیکی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) طرفیندن دیزاین ائدیلمیش و ژنرال کریتون آبرامزؽن آدؽنی داشؽیان اۆچونجو نسیل آمریکا [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی|اساسی دؤیوش تانکؽدیر]]. مۆعاصیر زیرهلی قۇرو دؤیوشو اۆچون نظرده تۇتولان بۇ تانک، تخمینا ۷۳،۶ توْنلوق چکیسی ایله خیدمتده اوْلان ان آغؽر تانکلاردان بیریدیر. {{Infobox weapon | name = ام۱ آبرامز | image = M1A2 SEP v3.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = | caption = آمریکا اوردوسونون ام۱ آ۲ تانکینین گورونوسو لهیستاندا<ref>{{Cite web |last=COL Bruner |date=13 May 2026 |title=NDIA MDEX 2026 - CPE GROUND AND ACC-DTA |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2026/05/18/296ad5fa/acc-dta-cpe-ground-mdex-2026-final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521200629/https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2026/05/18/296ad5fa/acc-dta-cpe-ground-mdex-2026-final.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2026 |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Capability Program Executive - Ground Soldier Systems |date=2026 |title=Project Manager Abrams (PM Abrams) |url=https://cpeground.army.mil/Combat-Platforms/Project-Manager-Abrams/ |access-date=7 June 2026 |website=cpeground.army.mil}}</ref> | origin = United States | type = [[Main battle tank]] | is_artillery = yes | is_vehicle = yes | service = 1980–present | used_by = See [[#Operators|Operators]] below | wars = {{Tree list}} *[[Cold War]] **[[Gulf War]] *[[Waco siege]] *[[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UNOSOM II]] *[[Yugoslav Wars]] **[[Implementation Force|Operation Joint Endeavour]] **[[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Operation Joint Guard]] **[[Kosovo War]] ***[[Task Force Hawk]] ***[[Kosovo Force|Operation Joint Guardian]] *[[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]] **[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] **[[Iraq War]] **[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)|War in Iraq]] *[[Arab Spring]] **[[2011 Egyptian revolution|Egyptian Revolution of 2011]] *[[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)]] **[[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] *[[Russo-Ukrainian War]] **[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] {{Tree list/end}} | designer = کرایسلر دفنس (ایندی جنرال دینامیکس لند سیستمز) | design_date = ۱۹۷۲–۱۹۷۶ | manufacturer = [[Lima Army Tank Plant]] | unit_cost = '''M1A1:''' $4.3 million (domestic cost, FY1989) (~$10.66 million, FY2023)<ref name="pogo.org">{{Cite web |date=1990-01-01 |title=The Army's M1 Tank: Has It Lived Up To Expectations? |url= https://www.pogo.org/report/1990/01/armys-m1-tank-has-it-lived-up-to-expectations |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Project On Government Oversight |language=en-US}}</ref><br />'''M1A2 SEPv3:''' $24 million (export cost, FY2022)<ref>{{cite news |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |date= July 15, 2021 |title=Poland Just Bought America's M1 Abrams Tank. That's Ironic |work= Popular mechanics |url= https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a37026843/poland-buys-us-m1a2-abrams-main-battle-tank/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210722062044/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a37026843/poland-buys-us-m1a2-abrams-main-battle-tank/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | production_date = 1979–present | number = approx. 10,300 as of 2017<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Deagel |url= http://www.deagel.com/Armored-Vehicles/M1A2-Abrams_a000516003.aspx |title= M1A2 Abrams |access-date=12 December 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213095546/http://www.deagel.com/Armored-Vehicles/M1A2-Abrams_a000516003.aspx |archive-date=13 December 2017}}</ref> | variants = See [[M1 Abrams#Variants and upgrades|Variants and upgrades]] | mass = M1: {{convert|60|ST|t|lk=on}}{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p= 306}}<br />M1A1: {{convert|63|ST|t|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p= 306}}<br />M1A1 SA: {{convert|67.6|ST|t|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2 SEPv2: {{convert|71.2|ST|t|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2 SEPv3: {{convert|73.6|ST|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="ASAALT2018">{{cite web |title=ASAALT Weapon Systems Handbook 2018 |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |publisher=Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) |access-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181019121934/https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | length = Gun forward: {{convert|32.04|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile">{{cite web |url= http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html |title=Abrams Tank Fact File for the United States Army |publisher=United States Army |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131115181622/http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html |archive-date=15 November 2013 |access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref><br />Hull length: {{convert|26.02|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|12|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile" /> | height = {{convert|8|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="factfile" /> | crew = 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver) | elevation = +20° / −10°{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p=306}} | traverse = 9 seconds/360 degrees{{sfn|Hunnicutt|2015|p=306}} | armour = [[Composite armor]] | primary_armament = M1: 105&nbsp;mm L/52 [[M68 tank gun|M68A1]] [[Rifling|rifled]] gun (55 rounds)<br />M1A1+M1A2: 120&nbsp;mm L/44 [[M256 (tank gun)|M256]] [[smoothbore]] gun (40 rounds) | secondary_armament = 1 × 0.50 caliber (12.7&nbsp;mm) [[M2 Browning|M2HB]] [[heavy machine gun]] with 900 rounds<br />2 × [[7.62×51mm NATO|7.62&nbsp;mm (.308 in)]] [[M240 machine gun|M240]] [[machine gun]]s with 10,400 rounds (1 [[Pintle mount|pintle-mounted]], 1 [[Coaxial mount|coaxial]]) | engine = [[Honeywell AGT1500]] multi-fuel [[Gas turbine|turbine engine]] | engine_power = 1,500&nbsp;[[shaft horsepower|shp]] (1,120&nbsp;kW) | pw_ratio = From 26.9&nbsp;hp/t (20.05&nbsp;kW/t) to 23.8&nbsp;hp/t (17.74&nbsp;kW/t) | transmission = Allison DDA X-1100-3B | suspension = [[Torsion bar suspension|High-hardness-steel torsion bars]] with rotary shock absorbers | clearance = M1, M1A1: {{convert|0.48|m|ft in|abbr=on}}<br />M1A2: {{convert|0.43|m|abbr=on}} | fuel_capacity = {{convert|504.4|USgal|L}} | vehicle_range = M1A2, road: {{convert|426|km|abbr=on|order=flip}}<br />Cross country: {{convert|150-200|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=JaneAA-162>{{cite book |last=Foss |first=Chris |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006 |year=2005 |url= https://archive.org/details/mainbattletanksl00cffo |url-access=limited |isbn=0-7106-2686-X |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |page= [https://archive.org/details/mainbattletanksl00cffo/page/n160 162]}}</ref> | speed = M1A1, road: {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (governed);<br />M1A2, road: {{convert|67|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}} (governed);<br />Off-road: {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=JaneAA-162 /> }} اوْ، [[ آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری|آمریکانین]] زیرهلی قۆوه‌لرینه چوْخیاناجاقلی تۇربین مۆحریکی، مۆرکب جوبهام کوْمپوزیت زیره، کوْمپوتئر آتش اداره‌ئتمه سیستئمی، پارتلایؽجی بؤلمه‌ده آیرؽجا سۇرسات ساخلاما و ائکیپاژ تحلۆکه‌سیزلی‌یی اۆچون NBC مۆحافیظه‌سی داخیل اوْلماقلا بیر نئچه مۆعاصیر تئخنوْلوگییا تقدیم ائتدی. ام۱ـین ایلکین موْدئللری ۱۰۵ مم-لیک ام۶۸ توْپو ایله سیلاحلانمؽش، سوْنراکی نۆسخه لرده ایسه لیسنزییالؽ ایستئحصال اوْلونموش رئینمئتال ۱۲۰ مم ل٫۴۴ تعیین اولموش ام۲۵۶ وار. ام۱ آبرامز، کؤهنه‌لمیش ام۶۰ تانکؽنی عوض ائتمک اۆچون نظرده توتولموش اوغورسوز آمریکا و[[باتی آلمان|غربی آلمان]] بیرگه MBT-70 لاییحه‌سیندن حاضؽرلانمیشدیر. آبرامسؽن اۆچ اساس عملیات وئرسییاسؽ وار: ام۱، ام۱آ۱ و ام۱آ۲، هر یئنی نۆسخه ده سیلاحلانما، مۆحافیظه و الکترونیکدا ایرلیلَییشلر مۆشاهیده اولونور.<ref>{{citation |first=Dave |last=Majumdar |title=Inside the US Army's Lethal New M1A2 SEP v.3 Abrams Main Battle Tank |url= http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |work=[[The National Interest]] |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171018190927/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/inside-the-us-armys-lethal-new-m1a2-sep-v3-abrams-main-16445 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:XM-1 Abrams during a demonstration on the test range of Fort Knox, 1979.jpg|thumb|izquierda|]] ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} dgxdofpcapxxbhjtv519xcojcl3h5gr 3 617954 1590596 2026-07-14T16:33:47Z 기나ㅏㄴ 43243 기나ㅏㄴ، [[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Sasha Kanskyi]] صفحه‌سینی [[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Sa Kan]]-ه آپاردی: صفحه در ضمن تغییر نام کاربر «[[Special:CentralAuth/Sasha Kanskyi|Sasha Kanskyi]]» به «[[Special:CentralAuth/Sa Kan|Sa Kan]]» به طور خودکار منتقل شد 1590596 wikitext text/x-wiki #تغییر_مسیر [[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Sa Kan]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} l76fke17tkvel5ld3qw7babacgnbaep 3 617955 1590604 2026-07-15T03:09:12Z Atsuner 56074 /* خوش گلدینیز */ یئنی بؤلمه 1590604 wikitext text/x-wiki == خوش گلدینیز == {{خوش گلدینیز}} [[ایشلدن:Atsuner|Atsuner]] ([[ایشلدن دانیشیغی:Atsuner|دانیشیق]]) ۱۵ جولای ۲۰۲۶، ساعت ۰۳:۰۹ (UTC) f7ursla0kfwaty0a69a0nw5e2vmzwcl 0 617956 1590757 2026-07-15T11:27:46Z H.Ganjeli 58356 صفحه‌‌نی ' '''چیفتن'''([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : Chieftain) ۱۹۶۰-جی ایللردن ۱۹۹۰-جی ایللره قدر [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق|بیرلشمیش شاهلیقین]] ، [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] (MBT) ایدی. ۱۹۶۷-جی ایلده تقدیم ائدیلن او، خیدمتده اولان داها بؤیوک متخصیص آغیر تانکلارا برابر اولان ۱۲۰ میلی‌م...' ایله ياراتدی 1590757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''چیفتن'''([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : Chieftain) ۱۹۶۰-جی ایللردن ۱۹۹۰-جی ایللره قدر [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق|بیرلشمیش شاهلیقین]] ، [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] (MBT) ایدی. ۱۹۶۷-جی ایلده تقدیم ائدیلن او، خیدمتده اولان داها بؤیوک متخصیص آغیر تانکلارا برابر اولان ۱۲۰ میلی‌مترلیک Royal Ordnance L11 سیلاحی قوراشدیرا‌راق، او زامانکی ان آغیر سیلاحلی MBT-لردن بیری ایدی. او، هابئله ۱۹۵ میلی‌متر قدر اولان ان آغیر زیرهلی ایدی و گؤرمه خطی بویونجا ۳۸۸ میلی‌متر قالینلیق وئردی. {{Infobox weapon | is_vehicle = yes | is_UK = yes | name = چیفتن (اف وی۴۲۰۱) | type = [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] | origin = [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]] | image = Chieftain Tank (9628802829).jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = بیر چیفتن تانکؽن گورونتوسو | service = ۱۹۶۰اونیلردن۱۹۹۰اونیلره | used_by = [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]], [[ایران]], [[عیراق]], [[اوردون]], [[کویت]], [[عومان]] | wars = [[ایران عیراق ساواشی]]<br />[[کؤرفز ساواشی]]<!-- Production history --> | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = لیلاند موتور | unit_cost = £۹۰,۰۰۰–£۱۰۰,۰۰۰ (۱۹۶۷)<ref>{{citation |last1=Reynolds |first1=Gerald |author-link=Gerry Reynolds (British politician) |title=House of Commons Debates 6 March 1967 Defence (Army) Estimates 1967-68 |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1967/mar/06/defence-army-estimates-1967-68-vote-a#S5CV0742P0_19670306_HOC_566 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |via=millbanksystems|access-date=21 May 2016 |volume=742 |date=6 March 1967 |at=cc1029}}</ref> | production_date = | number = ۱,۸۹۶ (۹۰۰ بیرلشمیش شاهلیقا, ۹۹۶ صادیر) | variants = | length = {{convert|35|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} – gun forward<ref name=Norman19/><br />{{convert|7.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} – hull | width = {{convert|12|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Norman19/> | height = {{convert|2.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|55|LT|ST t|lk=on}} | suspension = [[Horstmann suspension|Horstmann: horizontal coil spring suspension bogies]] | transmission = TN 12<ref name=Norman19/> | speed = یولدا: {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (Mk. 1- Mk. 3)<br />{{convert|43|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (Mk. 5)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Dick |title=Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1966 to Present |date=26 August 2016 |publisher=J H Haynes & Co Ltd |isbn=978-1-78521-059-4 |pages=102}}</ref> | vehicle_range = {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=in}} on roads | primary_armament = [[Royal Ordnance L11A5|L11A5 120 mm rifled gun]] | secondary_armament = 2 × [[FN MAG|L7 Machine Gun]] | armour = [[Glacis#Armored vehicles|Glacis]]: {{convert|127|mm|in|abbr=on}} (72°)<ref name=ogork128-129/><br />Hull sides: {{convert|50|mm|in|abbr=on}} (10°)<br />Turret: {{convert|350|mm|in|abbr=on}} (60°)<ref name=ogork128-129/> | engine = [[Leyland L60]] (multifuel [[Two-stroke engine|2-stroke]] [[Opposed-piston engine|opposed-piston]] [[Diesel engine|compression-ignition]]) | engine_power = {{convert|750|hp|abbr=on}} 6 Cyl, 19 litres. | fuel_capacity = {{convert|195|impgal|l+USgal|abbr=on}}<ref name=Norman19/> | pw_ratio = {{convert|11.1|hp|abbr=on}}/ton (at sprocket)<ref name=Norman19>For Mark 2 according to Norman, ''AFV Profile No. 19''</ref> | crew = ۴ | clearance = {{convert|1|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}})<ref name=Norman19/> }} سنچوریون تانکؽندن بیر اینکیشاف، باشچی، هوندورلویو آشاغی سالینمیش گۆجلو مائیلی گؤوده‌یه ایمکان وئرن بریتانیا دیزاینینا اوزانمیش سوروجو مؤوقئیینی تقدیم ائتدی. یئنی گیربوکس و تکمیللشدیریلمیش گۆج داشیماق سیستمی زیرهلردن قورونما و سیلاحلانما اوچون بؤیوک تکمیللشدیرمه‌لر سببیندن داها آغیر اولماسینا باخمایاراق، اونا سنچوریوندان داها یوکسک سورعت وئردی؛ بو، هم سنچوریون، هم ده کونکوئر آغیر تانکدان اؤز روللارینی فعال شکیلده یئرینه یئتیریب عوض ائتمه‌یه ایمکان وئردی.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griffin |first=Robert |title=Chieftain Main Battle Tank Development and active Service from Prototype To Mk.11 Part One |date=26 June 2024 |publisher=The Armor Journal |publication-date=2015 |pages=66}}</ref> 6hpg0u99fq1wbb8ibck8py6sl45nj37 1590758 1590757 2026-07-15T11:28:27Z H.Ganjeli 58356 /* */ 1590758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''چیفتن'''([[اینگیلیس دیلی|اینگلیسجه]] : Chieftain) ۱۹۶۰-جی ایللردن ۱۹۹۰-جی ایللره قدر [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق|بیرلشمیش شاهلیقین]] ، [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] (MBT) ایدی. ۱۹۶۷-جی ایلده تقدیم ائدیلن او، خیدمتده اولان داها بؤیوک متخصیص آغیر تانکلارا برابر اولان ۱۲۰ میلی‌مترلیک Royal Ordnance L11 سیلاحی قوراشدیرا‌راق، او زامانکی ان آغیر سیلاحلی MBT-لردن بیری ایدی. او، هابئله ۱۹۵ میلی‌متر قدر اولان ان آغیر زیرهلی ایدی و گؤرمه خطی بویونجا ۳۸۸ میلی‌متر قالینلیق وئردی. {{Infobox weapon | is_vehicle = yes | is_UK = yes | name = چیفتن (اف وی۴۲۰۱) | type = [[اساسی دؤیوش تانکی]] | origin = [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]] | image = Chieftain Tank (9628802829).jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = بیر چیفتن تانکؽن گورونتوسو | service = ۱۹۶۰اونیلردن۱۹۹۰اونیلره | used_by = [[بیرلشمیش شاهلیق]], [[ایران]], [[عیراق]], [[اوردون]], [[کویت]], [[عومان]] | wars = [[ایران عیراق ساواشی]]<br />[[کؤرفز ساواشی]]<!-- Production history --> | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = لیلاند موتور | unit_cost = £۹۰,۰۰۰–£۱۰۰,۰۰۰ (۱۹۶۷)<ref>{{citation |last1=Reynolds |first1=Gerald |author-link=Gerry Reynolds (British politician) |title=House of Commons Debates 6 March 1967 Defence (Army) Estimates 1967-68 |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1967/mar/06/defence-army-estimates-1967-68-vote-a#S5CV0742P0_19670306_HOC_566 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |via=millbanksystems|access-date=21 May 2016 |volume=742 |date=6 March 1967 |at=cc1029}}</ref> | production_date = | number = ۱,۸۹۶ (۹۰۰ بیرلشمیش شاهلیقا, ۹۹۶ صادیر) | variants = | length = {{convert|35|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} – gun forward<ref name=Norman19/><br />{{convert|7.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} – hull | width = {{convert|12|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Norman19/> | height = {{convert|2.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|55|LT|ST t|lk=on}} | suspension = [[Horstmann suspension|Horstmann: horizontal coil spring suspension bogies]] | transmission = TN 12<ref name=Norman19/> | speed = یولدا: {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (Mk. 1- Mk. 3)<br />{{convert|43|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (Mk. 5)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Dick |title=Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1966 to Present |date=26 August 2016 |publisher=J H Haynes & Co Ltd |isbn=978-1-78521-059-4 |pages=102}}</ref> | vehicle_range = {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=in}} on roads | primary_armament = [[Royal Ordnance L11A5|L11A5 120 mm rifled gun]] | secondary_armament = 2 × [[FN MAG|L7 Machine Gun]] | armour = [[Glacis#Armored vehicles|Glacis]]: {{convert|127|mm|in|abbr=on}} (72°)<ref name=ogork128-129/><br />Hull sides: {{convert|50|mm|in|abbr=on}} (10°)<br />Turret: {{convert|350|mm|in|abbr=on}} (60°)<ref name=ogork128-129/> | engine = [[Leyland L60]] (multifuel [[Two-stroke engine|2-stroke]] [[Opposed-piston engine|opposed-piston]] [[Diesel engine|compression-ignition]]) | engine_power = {{convert|750|hp|abbr=on}} 6 Cyl, 19 litres. | fuel_capacity = {{convert|195|impgal|l+USgal|abbr=on}}<ref name=Norman19/> | pw_ratio = {{convert|11.1|hp|abbr=on}}/ton (at sprocket)<ref name=Norman19>For Mark 2 according to Norman, ''AFV Profile No. 19''</ref> | crew = ۴ | clearance = {{convert|1|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}})<ref name=Norman19/> }} سنچوریون تانکؽندن بیر اینکیشاف، باشچی، هوندورلویو آشاغی سالینمیش گۆجلو مائیلی گؤوده‌یه ایمکان وئرن بریتانیا دیزاینینا اوزانمیش سوروجو مؤوقئیینی تقدیم ائتدی. یئنی گیربوکس و تکمیللشدیریلمیش گۆج داشیماق سیستمی زیرهلردن قورونما و سیلاحلانما اوچون بؤیوک تکمیللشدیرمه‌لر سببیندن داها آغیر اولماسینا باخمایاراق، اونا سنچوریوندان داها یوکسک سورعت وئردی؛ بو، هم سنچوریون، هم ده کونکوئر آغیر تانکدان اؤز روللارینی فعال شکیلده یئرینه یئتیریب عوض ائتمه‌یه ایمکان وئردی.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griffin |first=Robert |title=Chieftain Main Battle Tank Development and active Service from Prototype To Mk.11 Part One |date=26 June 2024 |publisher=The Armor Journal |publication-date=2015 |pages=66}}</ref> ==قایناقلار== {{قایناق}} 1o3nejx69rf7joo3wm0c5h4k1zhbujy