Pogu ni Alaman

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&lt;!------------SADARION------------&gt;
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            --&gt;Sopo Parbinotoan lungkas na marhata [[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]].&lt;!--
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&lt;!-- ============== GURITAN NA TARPILLIT ================ --&gt;
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&lt;!-- ================== GOMBAR NA TARPILLIT =============== --&gt;
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|id      = mf-gombar na tarpillit
|title   = Gombar na tarpillit
|image   = PL Wiki InM ikona.svg
|content = [[Ugasan:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|350px]] &lt;br&gt;Panatapan ni [[Rura Pahalgam]] di [[India]].&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Gombar on dienet sian [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pahalgam_Valley.jpg Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/small&gt; 
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&lt;!-- ============== TINGTING ================ --&gt;
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&lt;!-- ============== BAHEN GURITAN NA IMBARU ================ --&gt;
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&lt;!-- ============== AHA DO WIKIPEDIA I ================ --&gt;
{{Pogu ni alaman/Box3
| image   = {{{img1|Wikipedia logo puzzle globe spins horizontally and vertically, revealing the contents of all of its puzzle pieces, without background.gif}}}
| class   = nomobile
| title   = Aha do Wikipedia i?
| content = 
Boi ma dohonon, Wikipedia i songon sada “halinu ni pustaha” manang “pustaha halinu” na pinadomudomu ni hatopan ni panggurit sian saluhut portibi on, jala ise pe boi do manongos guritan tu “pustaha halinu” saguru ragam hata ni hatopan i.&lt;br&gt;

Molo adong hita na taronjar rohana naeng manongos guritan na imbaru tu “pustaha halinu”, nauli jala na denggan ma i, une jala pintor boi do ulahononhon.&lt;br&gt;

Alai itaparrohahon ma ruhut-ruhut dohot uhum ni “pustaha halinu” na sian pamotoan (''lisensi'') ni hatopan na margoar ''Creative Commons BY-SA''.&lt;br&gt;

Guritan manang tongosan di “pustaha halinu” on, boi dipatingkos manang dipargunahon, alai asa marpanghorhon na denggan, sian pamotoan ni ''Creative Commons BY-SA'' ma.&lt;br&gt;

Porlu hita boto, ia nasa guritan manang tongosan di “pustaha halinu” dihobasi angka dongan panggurit di bagasan haradeon ni roha sambing, jala tongtong do nasida mangula sada partungkoan.&lt;br&gt;

Ingkon barita na toho do isi ni guritan nang tongosan i, boi hatindanghonon marhite pustaha, jala mangihuthon ruhut-ruhut ni sigurit pustaha.&lt;br&gt; 

Adong do alaman panungkunan na boi mangurupi dongan na naeng manongos guritan na imbaru tu “pustaha halinu” on.&lt;br&gt;

Unang hita maila masisungkunan manang mangido pangurupion, tarlumobi tu dongan na naeng manggurit dope. Laos boi do tapargunahon alaman on molo naeng manongos guritan na imbaru.
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__NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__
[[Horong:Pogu ni alaman]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anse</title>
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      <text bytes="1414" sha1="tbn0121mhm86rv5jtmn6et5tlhtch06" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox provinsi Indonesia|nama=Aceh|nama lain=D.I Aceh - Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam - Atjeh|bendera=Flag_of_Aceh,_Indonesia.svg|lambang=Coat_of_arms_of_Aceh.svg}}

'''Anse''' manang '''Atse'''&lt;ref&gt;Tuuk, H. N. van der, ''Bataksch Nederduitsch Woordenboek'', Amsterdam:Frederik Muller, 1861, alaman. 7&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯀᯉ᯲ᯘᯩ}}, [[Surat Jawi]]: '''اچيه دارالسلام''' (''Aceh Darussalam''), [[hata Indonesia]]:''Aceh'')  i ma sada propinsi di [[Indonesia]] na tarampe dipunsu [[Sumatra|Pulo Sumatra]] di Utara, na Huta Sabungan tarampe di [[Banda Aceh]]. Anse i ma sada propinsi na mangarihon otonomi khusus dohot mangarihon status hoding gabe ''daerah istimewa''. Dok jujuran ni ''sensus'' ''[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]'' taon 2019, jumlah raiat di Anse adong 5.274.871 halak&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201015165638/https://aceh.bps.go.id/quickMap.html &quot;Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Aceh&quot;] ''aceh.bps.go.id''.&lt;/ref&gt;. Anse marbalok dohot [[Hapulohon Andaman dohot Nikobar]] di [[India]] dohot dipapilitma dohot [[Laut Andaman]]. Anse marbalok dohot [[Londut Bengal]] di bariba utara, dohot marbalok dohot Samudora Hindia di bariba pastima, [[Selat Malaka]] di bariba purba, dohot [[Sumatera Utara]] di bariba dangsina

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Propinsi di Indonesia}}

[[Horong:Propinsi]]
[[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]]
[[Horong:Propinsi di Pulo Sumatera]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dengke Mas</title>
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      <text bytes="5024" sha1="j6m8e0pkl3o1zqwqen71rvs9fcfim17" xml:space="preserve">[[Ugasan:Ikan mas.jpg|thumb|Ikan Mas|right|thumb|Dengke Mas]]

'''Dengke mas''' manang dengke karper ''(Cyprinus carpio)'' ima dengke aek lango na mangarihon asam mangholit ringkot huhut nga mampar di [[Indonesia]].

Di Indonesia, dengke mas pungka dipiara liat taon 1920-an. Dengke mas na adong di Indonesia marupohan dengke mas na diboan sian [[Sina]], [[Eropa]], [[Taiwan]], dohot [[Japang]]. Asing ni “dengke mas punten” dohot “dengke mas majalaya” marupahon omo pillit di Indonesia. Das tu tingki on nga tardapot 10 dengke mas na boi diidentifikasi marbingkas karakteristik morfologisnya.

== Lapatan ==
Di Indonesia, dengke mas mangarihon sasadia goar pandok ima:

* Kancra
* Tikeu
* Tombro
* Raja
* Rayo
* Ameh

manang goar asing dos dohot huta penyebarannya.

== Sistematika dohot Morfologi ==

Pande Dr.A.LBuschkinel di RO.Ardiwinata di taon 1981 mambagi ragam ni dengke gabe dua, ima:
* Mas na marsisik biasa
* Dohot kumpai na sirip na ganjang.

Na parjolo dibagi muse ragamna gabe dua, ima
* Na sisikna biasa
* Na sisik na gelleng
Adong do dengke mas na boe sipanganon dohot na holan gabe dengke pauli. Ragam ikan mas na gok sisik ima ragam ni dengke mas na sisikna biasa, na tutur di sude dagingna. Ragam ni ikan on masuk ma tu ragam ni dengke mas majalaya, dengke mas punten, dengke mas si nyonya dohot dengke mas na rara.

Jala adong do dengke mas namasuk tu ragam ni dengke mas na saotik sisikna, songon: dengke mas kaca jala didok do “mas gajah”. Molo ragam ni dengke pauli ima songon mas kumpai, mas kaca dohot mas koi.
Molo sasara morfologis, dengke mas mampuna badan na agak ganjang. Pamanganna di ujung tonga na adong dua pasang sungut na gelleng. Jala andos dengke mas hungkup dohot sisik bandanna. Dang holan dengke mas pauli, dengke mas sipanganon pea dong do sisikna.

== Laho pasinurhon ==
[[Ugasan:Cyprinus carpio.jpeg|thumb|'''Dekke Mas''' na Birong]]
Adong do piga piga massam lao pabalgahon dekke on,ima

* dibahen tu tobat (dibahasa indonesia Kolam) nadibahen di sada hauma na,
Jala dibahen siallangonna dilean gea,dohot sipata dibahen bulung bulung paet manang bulung nalain asa gabe tontong las rohani nasida di tobat i.
* Mangolu sandiri, ima di tao toba.

== Sarita parhambangon di Indonesia ==
Pandok ni Djoko Suseno (2000), di Indonesia parjolo sahali Ihan karper marasal sian natur [[Eropa]] dohot [[Tiongko]] na laos marhambang gabe dengke budidaya na mansai ringkot.
Tagan ni i, pandok ni R.O Ardiwinata (1981), dengke karper na marhambang di Indonesia dirimpu mulana marasal sian Tiongkok Selatan. Digorahon, budidaya dengke karper diboto naung marhambang di Galuh (Ciamis), Jawa Barat di parsitongaan ni abad pai-19. natorop sainganan digorahon nunga manggunahon kakaban - substrat tu pelekatan tolor dengke karper na tarbahen sian ijuk - di taon 1860, ala ni i budidaya dengke karper di tobat Galuh dipudunhon nga marhambang marpulu-pulu taon nasalpu.
Angkup ni i parserahan ni dengke karper di luat Jawa na asing, didok tarjadi di parmulaan nu abat pai-20, sumurung tung tartompa &quot;Jawa Perikanan Darat&quot; sian &quot;Kementrian Pertanian&quot; (Hamakmuron) tingki i.
Sian Jawa, dengke karper sihambanghon tu Bukittinggi, (Sumatra Barat) taon (1892). Ihut tu si dihombangkon di Tondano (Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara), taon 1895, Bali Selatan (Tabanan) taon 1903, Ende (Flores,NTT) taon 1932 dohot Sulawesi Selatan taon 1935. Angkup ni i, taon 1927 na dipangidoni Jawatan Perikanan Darat tingki i parohon ragam ni dengke karper sian nagari [[Bolanda]], ima Galisia (&quot;karper gajah&quot;) laos di taon 1930 diparohon dengke parker Frankisia (&quot;karper kaca&quot;). Pandok ni Djoko Suseno (2000), padua ragam karper i mansai dihalomohon ni angka pangula alani sibukna na lobi tabo, suksuk, sugana otik jala parbalgana na lobi hatop dibandinghon sian ragam ras lokal na marhambang di Indonesia na sai laon.
Taon 1974, songon pandok ni Djoko Suseno (2000), Indonesia mangirimhon dengke karper ras [[Taiwan]], ras [[Jerman]] dohot ras fancy carp sian [[Taiwan]], [[Jerman]], dohot [[Jepang]]. Taon 1977 Indonesia mangimpor &quot;ikan karper ras yamato&quot; dohot &quot;ras koi&quot; sian Jepang. Ragam ni ras karper na diimpor di bagas parkembanganna hape, mancai maol do diradoti alani hasasaor na dohot dengke na naoung adong di Indonesia na sai laon sampe manjadi parsilangan dohot patubuhon ragam ras na imbaru.

== Aturan dohot Hasomalam ngolu ==
Dengke mas lomo mangolu di aek na tawar na aekna dan bagas dohot pardalan ni aek na so padoras hu, songon tii ni sunge manang tao. Dengke mas tongtong mangolu denggan di luat dohot hatimboan 150 - 600 meter di ginjang sisik ni aek laut (dpl) dohot ruas 25 - 30&amp;nbsp;°C. Nangpe marhorong dengke aek tawar, dengke mas sipata didapothon di aek na longalonga manang muara ni sunge na bersalinitas (kadar sira) 25-30%.
Dengke mas marhorong &quot;omnivora&quot;, ima dengke na boi mangalang angka ragam ni sialangon, nang pe sian suansuanan manang binatang renik. Alai, sipanganon hadohoanna ima suansuanan manang binatang na tardapot di dasor dohot topi ni paraekon.

[[Horong:Binatang]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oseania</title>
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      <comment>/* Luat ni Oseania */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2074" sha1="0g5s0qvre8yhis9nykyyhne08kg6nhy" xml:space="preserve">{{Multiscript|Oseania|ᯀᯬᯘᯩᯀᯉᯪᯛ}}

[[Ugasan:Oceania (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Peta [[geopolitik]] ni Oseania]]

'''Oseania''' i ma sada luat geografis na tardiri sian [[Australasia]], [[Melanesia]], [[Mikronesia]] dohot [[Polinesia]]. Tarbolak sian bagian purba dohot pastima ni [[banua tonga]], Oseania marnampunahon 8,525,989 kilometer persegi (3,291,903 mil persegi) do bidangna jala lobi sian 47 juta jolma na tading di si.

Oseania marnapunahon ragam ni ekonomi di ganup nagara na adong di si. I ma sian na maju do ekonomina songon [[Australia]] dohot [[Selandia Baru]], na hurang maju do ekonomina songon [[Kiribati]] dohot [[Tuvalu]], jala na marnehetnehet songon [[Palau]], [[Fiji]] dohot [[Tonga]]. [[Australia]] do nagara na umbalga jala na gumodang do jolmana di Oseania, dohot [[Sydney]] na gabe kota na umbalga jala na gumodang do jolmana di Oseania do pe di Australia.

== Luat ni Oseania ==
&lt;br /&gt;[[Ugasan:Oceania Regions.svg|thumb|Gambar opat luat na adong di Oseania]]Mikronesia, na maringanan di utara [[Garis khatulistiwa|garis ekuator]] nang di pastima ni [[Garis Waktu Antarabangso]], tarmasuk pe [[Hapuloan Mariana]] di manabia, [[Hapuloan Karolina]] di tongatonga ni Mikronesia, [[Hapuloan Marshall]] di pastima dohot pulo-pulo ni [[Kiribati]] di anggoni.

Melanesia, na maringanan di nariti, tarmasuk pe [[Pulo Papua]] na gabe pulo paduahon na umbalga di portibi on. Pulo na asing di Melanesia na tarbolak sian utara tu dangsina i ma [[Hapuloan Bismarck]], [[Hapuloan Solomon (Arsipelago)]], [[Hapuloan Santa Cruz]], [[Vanuatu]], [[Fiji]] dohot [[Kaledonia Baru]].

Polinesia, na tarbolak sian Hawaii di utara tu Selandia Baru di dangsina, luat nian na tardiri sian [[Tuvalu]], [[Tokelau]], [[Samoa]], [[Tonga]] dohot [[Hapuloan Kermadec]] di pastima, [[Hapuloan Cook]], [[Hapuloan Natorop]], [[Hapuloan Austral]] di tongatonga ni Polinesia jala [[Hapuloan Marquesas]], [[Tuamotu]], [[Hapuloan Mangareva]] dohot [[Pulo Paska]] di purba.

Anggo Australasia i ma tardiri sian Australia dohot Selandia Baru.

[[Horong:Geograpi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kabupaten Samosir</title>
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      <text bytes="4272" sha1="45gdtmwwudop7tppm75ezsgn3kj9a0l" xml:space="preserve">[[Ugasan:Lambang Kabupaten Samosir.jpg|thumb|Partanda Kabupaten Samosir]]

'''Kabupaten Samosir''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯩᯉ᯲ᯘᯔᯬᯘᯪᯒ᯲}}) ima sada kabupaten na adong di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni Kabupaten Samosir maringanan di Kecamatan Pangururan. Kabupaten on marupahon pangambangon sian [[Kabupaten Toba]] salpu ''Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2003 tentang Pembentukan Kabupaten Samosir dan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai'' na ditotaphon di 18 Desember 2003. 

Tarompa ma Samosir on gabe Kabupaten imbaru marupahon langka parjolo laho mampadenggan dohot parhatopon pembangunan asa lam silas ni roha natorop. Di tonga ni taon 2023 jolma di Kabupaten Samosir on sagodang 143.944 halak.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210805043517/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/]

== Geograpi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Batas Luat
|-
|Utara
|Kabupaten Karo dohot [[Kabupaten Simalungun]]
|-
|Habinsaran
|[[Kabupaten Toba]]
|-
|Apotan
|Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dohot [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|Kabupaten Humbang Hasudutan]]
|-
|Hasundutan
|Kabupaten Dairi dohot Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat
|}
[[Ugasan:Kabupaten Samosir, Sumatra Utara 01.jpg|thumb|Kantor Bupati Samosir]]

== Demograpi ==

==== Suku na adong ====
Suku na godang di kabupaten Samosir on ima bangso [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], sarupa ma dohot Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Asingni, adong deba bangso batak, ima [[Halak Batak Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]], Batak Karo, [[Halak Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]] dohot Batak Pakpak. Adong muse ma suku na asing songon, Jawa, Minangkabau, dohot Tionghoa na boi didapothon di kecamatan Pangururan, Harian, dohot Simanindo. 

==== Bahasa na dipangke ====
Bahasa na dipakke i kabupaten Samosir on ima bahasa Batak Toba alana Batak Toba do bangso tulen dohot na godang di Samosir, ale tong do Bahasa Indonesia ipakke alana bahasa resmi di Indonesia. 
[[Ugasan:HKBP Pangururan, Res. Pangururan.jpg|thumb|HKBP Pangururan]]

==== Haporeseaon ====
Jolma di kabupaten Samosir godang na marugamo Kristen Protestan dohot Katolik, deba nai marugamo Islam. Haporseaon bangso tulen di kabupaten Samosir on ima na idok Pamalim. Ibereng sian data Kementerian Dalam Negeri taon 2021 tarsurat ma haporseaon halak kristen 98,90%, ima Kristen Protestan 56,47% dohot Katolik 42,43%. Debanai na porsea ugamo [[Islam]] 1,10, muse adong ma haporseaon [[Parmalim]] dohot ugamo Buddha 0,01%. [https://samosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/100acd714681d115670da71c/kabupaten-samosir-dalam-angka-2021.html]

Etong jabu ibadah i taon 2021 di kabupaten Samosir, ima: [https://samosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/100acd714681d115670da71c/kabupaten-samosir-dalam-angka-2021.html]

* Gareja Protestan sagodang 337 jabu
* Gareja Katolik sagodang 140 jabu
* Masojit sagodang 3 jabu

== Pariwisata ==
[[Ugasan:Batu Persidangan Huta Siallagan.jpg|thumb|Batu Pangarapotion, Huta Siallagan di desa Ambarita]]
Kabupaten Samosir merupahon kota na godang tempat wisata di Sumatera Utara, godang do paredang na ro tu son alana aning mangaoti [[Tao Toba]]. [[Pulo Samosir]] na adong di tonga-tonga Tao Toba, merupahon lokasi di kabupaten Samosir na menyediahon wisata adat bangso Batak Toba. Taentaenan bangso Batak Toba, Jabu na marisi pustaha dohot barang antik, inganan na mambaen ulos, pasir tao, [[Tortor]], Panganan bangso Batak Toba, [[Sigale Gale|Sigale-gale]], boi diida di kabupaten Samosir. 
[[Ugasan:Tari Sigale-gale Pulau Samosir.jpg|thumb|Tortor Sigale-gale, Tomok, Pulo Samosir]]
Di 2 Pebruari 2022, Presiden Indonesia, Joko Widodo nunga meresmihon dua abalan wisata adat di Samosir, ima Huta Ulos Huta Raja di Pangururan dohot [[Huta Siallagan]] di Simanindo.[https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1556840/jokowi-resmikan-huta-siallagan-kampung-ulos-huta-raja-telan-biaya-rp-558-m/full&amp;view=ok] Asingni adong muse Tomok na manjadi tujuan wisata di Samosir. 

== Pustaha ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala Luar ==
* https://samosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/100acd714681d115670da71c/kabupaten-samosir-dalam-angka-2021.html
* https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1556840/jokowi-resmikan-huta-siallagan-kampung-ulos-huta-raja-telan-biaya-rp-558-m

[[Horong:Kabupaten dohot Kota di Sumatera Utara]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Siraja Batak</title>
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      <text bytes="2795" sha1="g443wdt64nn2zxmp4j2dwwbxpniuklp" xml:space="preserve">'''Siraja Batak''' ([[Surat Batak|Batak Toba]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯪᯒᯐᯅᯖᯂ᯲}}) i ma [[:en:eponym|eponim]] di bagasan natorop adat [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], hata na dibahen gabe panjou goar ni ompung na parjolo sian [[halak Batak]] (''bangso Batak''). Di siganup [[tarombo]] ni halak Batak, hata on do gabe goar ni ompung sijolo-jolo tubu ni halak Batak. Molo dienet sian turiturian ni halak Batak, Siraja Batak ro sian [[Sianjur Mulamula, Samosir|Sianjur Mulamula]], [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=bonauli|title=Sianjur Mulamula, Desa Batak Pertama yang Sakti Mandraguna|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5632781/sianjur-mulamula-desa-batak-pertama-yang-sakti-mandraguna|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siraja Batak dihaposi gabe pardomuan ni sude [[Marga ni halak Batak|marga-marga Batak]] na adong di di hasiangan on.

== Asal ==
[[Si Boru Deak Parujar]], boru ni [[Batara Guru]], dipatoho tu anak ni [[Mangala Bulan]], i ma [[Raja Odapodap]]. Alai ditulak Si Boru Deak Parujar. Diulahon ma sada sarat asa gabe sundat hasohotannai, i ma ala ibana naeng pasaehon pitu tonun ni bonang. Di ujung ni ari, Si Boru Deak Parujar, na mangolu di bagasan hapunjungon, manolopi parbagason tu Raja Odapodap. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jejak Batak, Siraja Batak – LAKE TOBA|url=https://laketoba.travel/jejak-batak-siraja-batak/|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-03-21|archive-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518133446/https://laketoba.travel/jejak-batak-siraja-batak/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nasida dibasabasahon linduat, sada baoa ima na margoar Raja Ihat Manisia jala sada boru ima na margoar Boru Itam Manisia. Ia nasida dibasabasahon tolu anak, ima Si Raja Miokmiok, Si Patundal Nabegu, dohot Si Aji Lampaslampas.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.hariansib.com/detail/Marsipature-Hutanabe/Perkampungan-Si-Raja-Batak--Jejak-Peradaban-Bangso-Batak&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LEGENDA SIRAJA BATAK|url=https://www.obatak.id/2015/03/legenda-siraja-batak.html|website=OBATAK|access-date=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siraja Miokmiok dipangoli tu Si Boru Mansur Purnama jala dibasabasahon tu nasida sada anak na digoari Eng Banua. Eng Banua mangalap Boru Siuman jala dibasabasahon tolu anak ima, Siraja Ujung, Siraja Jau, dohot Siraja Bonangbonang. Siraja Bonangbonang di ujung ni ari marianakkon sada anak na margoar Siraja Tantan Debata. Siraja Tantan Debata i ma na gabe natoras ni Siraja Batak.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Batak|date=2021-08-03|title=Awal Silsilah Marga Batak|url=https://tokoh.id/literasi/awal-silsilah-marga-batak/|website=TOKOH INDONESIA {{!}} TokohIndonesia.com {{!}} Tokoh.id|language=Indonesia|access-date=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pustaha ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Horong:Batak Toba]]
[[Horong:Batak]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2787" sha1="l1a9fykiilxxxht0sre93hxg8xj9kmg" xml:space="preserve">'''Siraja Batak''' ([[Surat Batak|Batak Toba]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯪᯒᯐᯅᯖᯂ᯲}}) i ma [[:en:eponym|eponim]] di bagasan adat [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], hata na dibahen gabe panjou goar ni ompung na parjolo sian [[halak Batak]] (''bangso Batak''). Di siganup [[tarombo]] ni halak Batak, hata on do gabe goar ni ompung sijolo-jolo tubu ni halak Batak. Molo dienet sian turiturian ni halak Batak, Siraja Batak ro sian [[Sianjur Mulamula, Samosir|Sianjur Mulamula]], [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=bonauli|title=Sianjur Mulamula, Desa Batak Pertama yang Sakti Mandraguna|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5632781/sianjur-mulamula-desa-batak-pertama-yang-sakti-mandraguna|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siraja Batak dihaposi gabe pardomuan ni sude [[Marga ni halak Batak|marga-marga Batak]] na adong di di hasiangan on.

== Asal ==
[[Si Boru Deak Parujar]], boru ni [[Batara Guru]], dipatoho tu anak ni [[Mangala Bulan]], i ma [[Raja Odapodap]]. Alai ditulak Si Boru Deak Parujar. Diulahon ma sada sarat asa gabe sundat hasohotannai, i ma ala ibana naeng pasaehon pitu tonun ni bonang. Di ujung ni ari, Si Boru Deak Parujar, na mangolu di bagasan hapunjungon, manolopi parbagason tu Raja Odapodap. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jejak Batak, Siraja Batak – LAKE TOBA|url=https://laketoba.travel/jejak-batak-siraja-batak/|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-03-21|archive-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518133446/https://laketoba.travel/jejak-batak-siraja-batak/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nasida dibasabasahon linduat, sada baoa ima na margoar Raja Ihat Manisia jala sada boru ima na margoar Boru Itam Manisia. Ia nasida dibasabasahon tolu anak, ima Si Raja Miokmiok, Si Patundal Nabegu, dohot Si Aji Lampaslampas.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.hariansib.com/detail/Marsipature-Hutanabe/Perkampungan-Si-Raja-Batak--Jejak-Peradaban-Bangso-Batak&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LEGENDA SIRAJA BATAK|url=https://www.obatak.id/2015/03/legenda-siraja-batak.html|website=OBATAK|access-date=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siraja Miokmiok dipangoli tu Si Boru Mansur Purnama jala dibasabasahon tu nasida sada anak na digoari Eng Banua. Eng Banua mangalap Boru Siuman jala dibasabasahon tolu anak ima, Siraja Ujung, Siraja Jau, dohot Siraja Bonangbonang. Siraja Bonangbonang di ujung ni ari marianakkon sada anak na margoar Siraja Tantan Debata. Siraja Tantan Debata i ma na gabe natoras ni Siraja Batak.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Batak|date=2021-08-03|title=Awal Silsilah Marga Batak|url=https://tokoh.id/literasi/awal-silsilah-marga-batak/|website=TOKOH INDONESIA {{!}} TokohIndonesia.com {{!}} Tokoh.id|language=Indonesia|access-date=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pustaha ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Horong:Batak Toba]]
[[Horong:Batak]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sintua</title>
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      <text bytes="1905" sha1="4n9u2llpntg47wp85wsd29e46hncotu" xml:space="preserve">'''Sintua''' (jempek &quot;'''St'''&quot;) ima pandok tu sada ruas na dipabangkit gabe [[parhalado]] ni sada huria manang parmingguan di bagas joro ni Debata ima na somal di [[gareja Lutheran]] songon [[HKBP]], [[Huria Kristen Indonesia|HKI]], [[Gereja Kristen Protestan Indonesia|GKPI]], [[Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun|GKPS]], [[Gereja Kristen Protestan Angkola|GKPA]], dohot [[Gereja Kristen Protestan Pakpak Dairi|GKPPD]]. Molo disandok natorop [[Batak]] di gareja Batak Karo ([[Gereja Batak Karo Protestan|GBKP]]) Sintua marganti nama gabe '''Pertua'''. Sintua/Pertua dienet sian [[hata Junani]] ''Presbiteros'' (lapatanna: natua-tua) na adong di teks [[Bibel]] najolo sian hata Junani. Sintua rap dohot Diaken (Diakon)/Syamas manghobasi parmingguan di gareja. Sintua mangulahon ulaon na asing sian Diaken gabe panilik ni ruas. Diaken dienet sian hata ''Diakonos'' (panghobasi/panghobas di meja). Ia hata Diaken molo di [[Bibel]] ima tarsurat di 1 Timoteus 3 : 1-7.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Siregar, Parjuangan Radyarto|title=Tahbisan sintua|url=https://hkbpserpong.org/2020/03/30/tahbisan-sintua/|website=HKBP Serpong|language=id|access-date=2024-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sada Sintua di gareja ingkon dapot manghobasi ruas ni gareja i jala gabe sitiruon.
Sintua i dapot do mamaritahon [[injil|barita nauli]] gabe songon [[pandita]], alai ibana ingkon marpungu jala masisungkunan dohot angka sintua na asing di bagasan [[sermon]]. Di sermon i ma dirapothon manang aha na porlu dijamitahon di sada parmingguon di gareja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=HKBP|title=Peran Sintua Ujung Tombak Pelayanan HKBP|url=https://hkbp.or.id/article/peran-sintua-ujung-tombak-pelayanan-hkbp-praeses-pdt-henri-sampaikan-sintua-harus-menjadi-gembala|website=HKBP|language=id|access-date=2024-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ida muse ==
* Ponggol ni [[Bibel]] na marhadomuan: [[1 Timoteus 3]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

[[Horong:Gareja]]
[[Horong:Hakristenon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lumbantobing</title>
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      <text bytes="2808" sha1="2rumkzcjp8qparznsxw33beci3vys4e" xml:space="preserve">'''Lumbantobing''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯞᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯉ᯲ᯖᯬᯅᯪᯰ}}; boi disurathon gabe '''Lumban Tobing''' manang '''Tobing''') ima sada [[Marga ni halak Batak|marga]] [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] na ro sian [[Hutatoruan V, Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Pearaja]], [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]], Tapanuli Utara. Marga Lumbantobing dohot marga Hutapea ima pomparan ni Si Raja Hutatoruan, jala masuk do nasida tu punguan marga Si Opat Pusoran (manang Pisoran).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hutagalung|first=W. M.|date=1991|url=https://worldcat.org/title/33133368|title=Pustaha Batak: Tarombo dohot Turiturian ni Bangso Batak|location=[[Kota Medan|Medan]]|publisher=Tulus Jaya|language=[[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak]]|oclc=33133368|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=C.|first=Vergouwen, J.|date=2013|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1066180715|title=The Social Organisation and Customary Law of the Toba-Batak of Northern Sumatra.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-015-1035-6|oclc=1066180715}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Punguan marga Lumbantobing di [[Silindung]] ima punguan marga Batak na parjolo na patupahon ubungan tu natorop ruar ima tu [[pasisir pastima Sumatra]]. Nasida gabe pandomu halak batak di dolokdolok dohot partiga-tiga di pasisir. Lumbantobing ima sada marga na dohot manolopi haroro ni pandita [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen]] di tano batak, di mulani masa [[hakristenon]]. Jala marga Lumbantobing gabe sada marga na parjolo sahali tardidi sian Nommensen.

== Pangituai ==
Adong piga-piga pangituai di halak batak na nampuna marga Lumbantobing, ima:

* [[Arthur Tobing]]
* [[Arsenius Lumbantobing]]
* [[Andar Lumbantobing]]
* [[Darwin Lumbantobing]], [[Ephorus HKBP]] di taon 2016-2020
* [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Ferdinand Tobing]]
* [[Gerhard Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Gordon Tobing]]
* [[Henock Lumbantobing]], panotas di [[Gareja Mission Batak]]
* [[Insan Tobing]], presiden direktur PELNI
* [[Jakob Lumban Tobing]], mantan Duta Besar Indonesia sijalo Bintang Mahaputera
* [[Joenias Marvel Lumbantobing]]
* [[Joy Tobing]]
* [[Krisman D. Lumbantobing]]
* [[Lamsana Lumbantobing]], misionaris
* [[Leo Tobing]]
* [[Luhut Lumbantobing]]
* [[Lulu Tobing]]
* [[Mangara Tunggal Leofold Tobing]]
* [[Naek Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Philip Oder Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Posma Lumbantobing]]
* [[Raja Amandari Sabungan Lumbantobing]], raja di [[Silindung]] na parjolo sahali terdidi sian misionaris Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
* [[Raja Patuan Natigor Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Raja Pontas Lumbantobing]]
* [[Rencius Tobing]]
* [[Rufinus Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Sabar Lumban Tobing]], Bishop [[Gareja Methodist Indonesia]]
* [[Sutan Sumurung Lumbantobing]]
* [[Torang Lumbantobing]]
* [[Tuani Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Uma Tobing]]
* [[Roland Tobing]]
* [[Ikmal Tobing]]

== Pustaha ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Horong:Marga Batak]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2806" sha1="h0gebo5lxeyit1usdhwa3r1gw7461b2" xml:space="preserve">'''Lumbantobing''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯞᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯉ᯲ᯖᯬᯅᯪᯰ}}; boi disurathon gabe '''Lumban Tobing''' manang '''Tobing''') ima sada [[Marga ni halak Batak|marga]] [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] na ro sian [[Hutatoruan V, Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Pearaja]], [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]], Tapanuli Utara. Marga Lumbantobing dohot marga Hutapea ima pomparan ni Si Raja Hutatoruan, jala masuk do nasida tu punguan marga Si Opat Pusoran (manang Pisoran).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hutagalung|first=W. M.|date=1991|url=https://worldcat.org/title/33133368|title=Pustaha Batak: Tarombo dohot Turiturian ni Bangso Batak|location=[[Kota Medan|Medan]]|publisher=Tulus Jaya|language=[[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak]]|oclc=33133368|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=C.|first=Vergouwen, J.|date=2013|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1066180715|title=The Social Organisation and Customary Law of the Toba-Batak of Northern Sumatra.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-015-1035-6|oclc=1066180715}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Punguan marga Lumbantobing di [[Silindung]] ima punguan marga Batak na parjolo na patupahon ubungan tu natorop ruar ima tu [[pasisir pastima Sumatra]]. Nasida gabe pandomu halak batak di dolokdolok dohot partigatiga di pasisir. Lumbantobing ima sada marga na dohot manolopi haroro ni pandita [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen]] di Tano Batak, di mulani masa [[hakristenon]]. Jala marga Lumbantobing gabe sada marga na parjolo sahali tardidi sian Nommensen.

== Pangituai ==
Adong pigapiga pangituai di halak batak na nampuna marga Lumbantobing, ima:

* [[Arthur Tobing]]
* [[Arsenius Lumbantobing]]
* [[Andar Lumbantobing]]
* [[Darwin Lumbantobing]], [[Ephorus HKBP]] di taon 2016-2020
* [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Ferdinand Tobing]]
* [[Gerhard Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Gordon Tobing]]
* [[Henock Lumbantobing]], panotas di [[Gareja Mission Batak]]
* [[Insan Tobing]], presiden direktur PELNI
* [[Jakob Lumban Tobing]], mantan Duta Besar Indonesia sijalo Bintang Mahaputera
* [[Joenias Marvel Lumbantobing]]
* [[Joy Tobing]]
* [[Krisman D. Lumbantobing]]
* [[Lamsana Lumbantobing]], misionaris
* [[Leo Tobing]]
* [[Luhut Lumbantobing]]
* [[Lulu Tobing]]
* [[Mangara Tunggal Leofold Tobing]]
* [[Naek Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Philip Oder Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Posma Lumbantobing]]
* [[Raja Amandari Sabungan Lumbantobing]], raja di [[Silindung]] na parjolo sahali terdidi sian misionaris Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
* [[Raja Patuan Natigor Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Raja Pontas Lumbantobing]]
* [[Rencius Tobing]]
* [[Rufinus Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Sabar Lumban Tobing]], Bishop [[Gareja Methodist Indonesia]]
* [[Sutan Sumurung Lumbantobing]]
* [[Torang Lumbantobing]]
* [[Tuani Lumban Tobing]]
* [[Uma Tobing]]
* [[Roland Tobing]]
* [[Ikmal Tobing]]

== Pustaha ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Horong:Marga Batak]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sipanghasea:Gazartashlomo0907</title>
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        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
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      <comment>/* Selesele na asing */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1258" sha1="9v3mc1wzm27oxk2b6rxik8o1pqydqj1" xml:space="preserve">מיין נאמע איז שלמה ון איך בין פריילך

(Goarhu Salomo jala las ni rohangku)

== Selesele Wikipedia ==
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* [[Sipanghasea:Gazartashlomo0907/selesele/nilai|Selesele_Nilai]]
* [[Sipanghasea:Gazartashlomo0907/selesele/teknis_kompetisi|Selesele_Teknis kompetisi]]
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* [[Sipanghasea:Gazartashlomo0907/selesele/kompetisi1011|Selesele_Kompetisi1011]]

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== Selesele templat ==
{{Templat:Parsidohot_WikiLatih}}
{{Templat:Parsidohot_WikiLatih|di=Zoom|tgl=4 dohot 6 Pebruari 2025}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Terminal Tanjung Pinggir</title>
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      <text bytes="2834" sha1="n254wqxo1kshdv6jhughwa7vqv87cw5" xml:space="preserve">'''Terminal Tanjung Pinggir''' na tarampe di [[Kota Pematang Siantar]], ojak dibungka angkup [[Presiden Joko Widodo]] di ari 9 Pebruari 2023. Tarminal on marupahon sala sada tipe A na diraphon dapot marlapatan ansiat pusok transportasi jala ekonomi, hape sondot sahat tu saonari dang  do pe mardalan sahera diharaphon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Direktorat Jendral Perhubungan Darat (26 Januari 2024).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241109062323/https://hubdat.dephub.go.id/id/bptd/sumut/publikasi/kepala-bptd-kelas-ii-sumut-dan-wali-kota-pematang-siantar-sepakat-optimalkan-terminal-tanjung-pinggir/ kepala bptd kelas II sumut dan wali kota pematang siantar sepakat optimalkan terminal tanjung pinggir/] portal hubdat.dephub.go.id diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (9 Februari 2023). [https://setkab.go.id/presiden-jokowi-resmikan-terminal-amplas-dan-tanjung-pinggir-di-sumut/ Presiden jokowi resmikan terminal amplas dan tanjung pinggir di sumut/] portal setkab.go.id diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

Terminal Tanjung Pinggir dibahen laho tu pusok ekonomi naimbaru jala mangorui jalan na gong pardalan di pusok ni Kota Pematang Siantar. Ulu balerong batangan [[Transportasi Darat Kalas II]] Sumatera Utara, Dadan M. Ramdan manatahon ala Terminal on boi mangangkupi aktipitas ekonomi di luati. Terminal on muse di rangrangi lao tu paradehon pasilitas na denggan tu angka panghasea songon inganan papeak,bengkel (inganan sipature), jala toilet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Nang pe dung dibangun dohot seo hira-hira 39 Miliar jala di ojakhon sataun na salpu. Terminal Tanjung Pinggir sangga dope mangadopi abatabat bagas mangait panumpang. Godang laporan patuduhon ala terminal longo jala dang godang aktipitas, manang na piga supir alunan mangolsohon hurangna panumpang na mamangke terminal on.&lt;ref&gt;SumutPos.co (28 Mei 2024).[https://sumutpos.jawapos.com/sumatera-utara/2374700593/dibangun-dengan-biaya-rp39-miliar-terminal-tanjung-pinggir-bak-kuburan dibangun dengan biaya Rp39 miliar terminal tanjung pinggir bak kuburan] portal jawapos.com diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pasilitas ==
Pasilitas na adong di terminal nunga pungu alai aktipitas ekonomi hera lapo dang do pe tarbereng. on mambahen suasana terminal tarhilala longo jala hurang manarik tu angka natorop. Na daumenggan andorang nga di bahen angkup pamarenta luat songon kerjasama dohot marmasam dingkai patuginjang gogo tarik terminal. &lt;ref&gt;Info Sumut ( 9 Februari 2023). [https://infosumut.id/peresmian-terminal-amplas-dan-tanjung-pinggir-edy-rahmayadi-dukung-penuh-keinginan-joko-widodo-ubah-citra-terminal-banyak-preman/ peresmian terminal amplas dan tanjung pinggir edy rahmayadi dukung penuh keinginan joko widodo ubah citra terminal banyak preman/] portal infosumut.id diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Museum Situs Kota Cina</title>
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      <text bytes="3145" sha1="rpf01qu3yneavg520hg2rbiftmnv6so" xml:space="preserve">'''Museum Situs Kota Cina''' marupahon goar tu situs arkeologi na tampe di topi tao [[Siombak]], [[Kelurahan Paya Pasir]], [[Kecamatan Medan Marelan]], [[Kota Medan.]]&lt;ref&gt;detik sumut (4 September 2022).[https://web.archive.org/web/20250416013156/https://www.detik.com/sumut/berita/d-6271298/situs-kota-cina-bukti-medan-pernah-jadi-kota-pelabuhan-internasional Situs Kota Cina]portal detik.com diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sarita ==
Sian abad 11 sahat tu abang  14, [[Kota Cina]] i ma bontean renggerengge luat portibi, Hopal na marlabu marasal sian Persia,Hindia jala Tiongkok. Di Kota Cina didapot keramik sian Persia dohot Tiongkok, hepeng koin sian [[Sri Langka]] dohot [[Tiongkok]], Jala [[Patung Budha]] sian Hindia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Merdeka.com (20 April 2023). [https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/menilik-sejarah-situs-kota-cina-jejak-bandar-perdagangan-tiongkok-di-kota-medan-marelan-176977-mvk.html?page=4 Menilik Sejarah Situs Kota Cina, Jejak Bandar Perdagangan Tiongkok di Kota Medan Marelan]portal merdeka.com diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

Situs Kota Cina di Medan Marelan nunga diboto sian taon 1970, alai parguraton ni  turiturian na buhai tarboto tingki sabiji ganaganaan najolo pasdo di tingki adong panghalion tano mamangke ulaula na borat laho panimbunan pembangunan dalan Tol Balmera di taon 1986 nasalpu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Travel (20 April 2023).[https://travel.indozone.id/news/951272085/menelisik-museum-situs-kota-china-sempat-jadi-pelabuhan-perdagangan-internasional Menelisik Museum Situs Kota China, Sempat Jadi Pelabuhan Perdagangan Internasional] portal tarvel.indozone.id diakses pada 9 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Kota Cina i ma harajon na duma huhut tardapot tokke sian luat portibi na diingani angka halak sian Tiongkok. Di hatopanna, Bangso Tiongkok ro dohot holomoan lao mangalului paruntungon ngolu lobi jenges na dumenggan sian inganan asalna dohot mangulahon Parboniagaan. 

Ditingki masa Dinasti Song, Bandar Kota Cina mandalani hauararon luat natur jala topi laut di ingani halak sian Tiongkok, dohot bontean natorop angkup sabola parboniagaan na sibuk.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Parboniagaan songon guci,keramik, rompah-rompah, jala ganaganaan India Selatan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Di bandar on muse marlangsung marragam aktipitas budaya. Partanda sian turiturian bontean on di boto dungkon pianulini hau holiholi sian bange hopal. Bnadar Kota Cina sarbob tarlola dung kota on tarhona bala portibi. Luat bontean na marhambang dao tartanom gabe natur. Sian sarita najolo di natorop, Mangodo ni Kota China di bahen alana mandapot burabura huhut diogai angkup parangan kapah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Salang deba na asing mandok, Kota inganan ni halak Tiongkok mago dungkon dung tarhona tsunami.

Lima abad laos dungkon tokke Kota Cina tarjadi pandangkalon, Bontean na imbaru salpu tindang luat Bandar Labuhan Deli, sangga on luat na adong di Kelurahan Pekan Labuhan na marholang 3 Kilometer sian luat Kota Cina. Turiturian Bandar Labuhan Deli ibangu di taon 1814 dungkon raja patoluhon i ma Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, papindahon pusok pamarentaon Kesultanan Deli tu luat Labuhan Deli. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adaran Merdeka (Medan)</title>
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      <text bytes="3461" sha1="1ishvw5gpdbturq0g366iv5ytm1kzm3" xml:space="preserve">[[Ugasan:Lapangan merdeka Medan 2022.jpg|thumb|373x373px|Padengganan ni Adaran Merdeka]]

'''Adaran Merdeka''' i ma alun-alun na tarampe di pusok [[Kota Medan]], [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]], jala ditanda ansiat pistik nol kilometer di kota i. Jolo ditanda dohot goar [[Esplanaade]] di tingki pamarentaon Bolanda, adaran on mangarihon sarita na ganjang na marsihatan dohot parhambangon Kota Medan jala hajadian na ringkot di bagas rangsa Indonesia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Pemerintah Kota Medan (6 Juni 2022).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110033628/https://portal.medan.go.id/artikel/lapangan-merdeka-paru-parunya-kota-medan-di-titik-nol__read8.html Lapangan Merdeka, “Paru Parunya” Kota Medan di Titik Nol]portal medan.go.id diakses pada 10 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;detiksumut (29 Mei 2022).[https://www.detik.com/sumut/budaya/d-6100407/sekilas-sejarah-lapangan-merdeka-yang-kini-jadi-ikon-kota-medan Sekilas Sejarah Lapangan Merdeka yang Kini jadi Ikon Kota Medan]portal detik.com diakses 10 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
Adaran Merdeka dipauli di taon [[1880]] dungkon sangkap di [[1872]], sairing dohot bungka ni pusok administrasi [[Kesultanan Deli]]. Mulana luat ni on kobun timbaho puna [[Deli Maatschappij]], sala sada perusahaab Bolanda. Saleleng tingki panjajaon, adaran on gabe inganan marpunguna natorop huhut manindangi marmansam acara na ringkot.padohot boaboa proklamasi hamardekaan Indonesia di 6 Oktober [[1945]] sian Gubernur [[Sumatera Timur]], [[Muhammad Hasan]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Adaran on diaoti angkup bangunan marangsa hera Kantor Pos Medan jala Godung Bale [[Kota Lama]]. Angkup ni i, bona trambesi na disuan sian jaman kolonial pagodanghon hajengeson area on. Sian konteks abahan Adaran Merdeka jotjot digunahon laho marmansam siulaon natorop, padohot pokkan borngin saat di taon 1964.

== Pandengganan (''revitalisasi'') ==
Sian taon 2022, Adaran Merdeka andorang di bagas parkarejoan padengganhon (Revitalisasi) tu paulakhon gunana ansiat ruang tarbungka hijau (RTH) dohot cagar abahon. Projek on palibathon pembangunan alun-alun na baru huhut pasilitas situmpak dohot na lain dohot haggaran hirahira Rp197,5 miliar. Presiden Joko Widodo mangojakhon projek on di 7 juli 2022. Padengganan (Reviitalisasi) diaraphon boi manuhe interaksi sosial di holangholang natorop kota angkup patupahon ruang namenak tu marmansam aktipitas natorop.&lt;ref&gt;Pemerintah Sumatera Utara (7 Juli 2022).[https://sumutprov.go.id/artikel/artikel/presiden-jokowi-resmikan-revitalisasi-lapangan-merdeka-medan--edy-rahmayadi-lapangan-merdeka-harus-merdeka Presiden Jokowi Resmikan Revitalisasi Lapangan Merdeka Medan,  Edy Rahmayadi: Lapangan Merdeka Harus Merdeka]portal sumutprov.go.id diakses pada 10 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Detak Indonesia (26 November 2023).[https://detakindonesia.co.id/read/detail/10335/inilah-potret-lapangan-merdeka-medan--yang-sedang-direvitalisasi Inilah Potret Lapangan Merdeka Medan  yang Sedang Direvitalisasi]portal detakindonesia.co.id diakses pada 10 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pasilitas ==
Sangga on Adaran Merdeka pe ditanda ansiat pusok kuliner huhut area Merdeka Walk, na manawarhon marmansam pinilitan siallangon sian lokal sahat tu internasional. Inganan on jotjot digunahon tu apulon sahera musik langsung, Manjadihonsa ansiat sala sada ikon di Kota Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Horong:Inganan hatopan di Sumatera Utara]]
[[Horong:Luat pariwisata di Sumatera Utara]]
[[Horong:Adaran di Sumatera Utara]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo</title>
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      <text bytes="2575" sha1="fxr1md64i7lhddik3thb888u85f7fyr" xml:space="preserve">[[Ugasan:Tari Sigale-gale Pulau Samosir.jpg|thumb|440x440px|Sigale-gale]]

'''Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo''' i ma sala sada destinasi abahan na tarampe di [[Huta Simanindo]], [[Polu Samosir]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Dipajongjong di taon 1969, museum on mula na marupahon parhutaan ni [[Raja Sidauruk]] jala saonari marlapatan ansiat museum tarbungka na manampilhon hamoraon abahan [[Bangso Batak]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ingatan id (9 Januari 2023).[https://ingatan.id/museum-huta-bolon-simanindo/ Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo]portal ingatan.id diakses pada 10 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bangunan ==
Museum on dibangun di taon 1895 sian Raja Sidauruk jala diojakhon ansiat museum di 1969. Luat na adong di topi [[Tao Toba]], hirahira 160 km sian [[Medan]], jala dapot diakses sian marmansam transportasi songon motor manang bus. Museum on di ula angkup [[Jajasan Huta Bolon]] Simanindo huhut manawarhon bintik abahan na mambagas tu angka partandang. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Get Lost (5 Maret 2021).[https://getlost.id/2021/03/05/menengok-warisan-suku-batak-toba-di-museum-huta-bolon-simanindo/ Menengok Warisan Suku Batak Toba di Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo]portal getlost.id diakses pada 10 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bagas Museum ==
Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo mangaradoti marmansam paninggalan Ompu parsadaan halak batak toba, tarmasuk:

* Solu Bolon
* Tunggal Panaluan
* Pustaha Laklak
* Parhalaan

Koleksi on mangalehon parbinotoan taringot hangoluan bangso batak toba jala turiturian nasida.&lt;ref&gt;IDN TIMES Sumut (5 Maret 2022).[https://sumut.idntimes.com/travel/destination/masdalena-napitupulu-1/belajar-sejarah-lewat-museum-huta-bolon-simanindo Belajar Sejarah Lewat Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo]portal idntimes.com diakses pada 10 November 2024

&lt;/ref&gt;

Parhutaon mesuem tardiri sian pigapiga bangunan ni jabu adat yang mangarihon pangarangrang tandi Batak rap dohot tarup ijuk songon rupa piramida jala dorpi hau. Jabu adat on dang holan marlapatan ansiat inganan tading alai muse ansiat tanda par natorop Batak.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Partandang dapot mangatimi tortor Batak songon [[Tortor|Tor-Tor]], angkup Manonggor patung [[Sigale Gale|Sigale-gale]] na morot mandohoti iring-iringan musik gondang. Pertunjukan on somalna di bahen 2 hali sadari 

Museum dibungka ganup ari sian jom 08.00 sahat tu jom17.00 dohot karsis bogot saarga 10.000 sahalak, molo tu pertunjukan tortor partandang diabithon ongkos panambahan sabalga 50.000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Horong:Museum]]
[[Horong:Inganan hatopan di Sumatera Utara]]
[[Horong:Museum di Sumatera Utara]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Terminal Tarutung</title>
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      <text bytes="2384" sha1="0ncjxdun6z6qa2m1kt9ivlimw9kia8c" xml:space="preserve">'''Terminal Tarutung''' manang lobi ditanda ansiat Terminal Madya Tarutung, tarampe di [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. on adong piga-piga surirang ringkot taringot tu terminal on:

* Terminal on marluat di [[Aek Siansimun, Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Aek Siansimun]], [[Kecamatan Tarutung]],[[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]], [[Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara.]]
* Terminal on marupahon terminal tipe A Madya na marguna ansiat pudun transportasi na ringkot di san, mampasilitasi parbogasan antar-huta di Sumatera Utara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Terminal (30 Maret 2024).[https://terminal.biz.id/terminal-madya-tarutung-kabupaten-tapanuli-utara/ Terminal Madya Tarutung Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara] portalt terminal.biz.id diakses pada 11 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pasilitas ==

* Terminal Tarutung hirahira 20 sahat tu 50 kandaraan per jom, Manjadihonsa sala sada terminal na ganup repot di luat i. Alai adong laporan jojot do dang tarurus,tarutama tingki musim panghudanan na manghorhonhon genangan aek.&lt;ref&gt;transpublik (17 November 2020).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110184841/https://transpublik.co.id/2020/11/tidak-terawat-terminal-madya-tipe-a-tarutung-bak-kubangan-kerbau-di-musim-penghujan/ Tidak Terawat, Terminal Madya Tipe A Tarutung Bak Kubangan Kerbau di Musim Penghujan]portal transpublik.co.id diakses pada 11 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
* Terminal on maradong di toru ni pengelolaan Kementrian Perhubungan jala dohot ringkot liung mangolophon mobilitas natorop jala pambagian barang.

== &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Transportasi ==
Terminal Tarutung patupahon marmansam pilitan transportasi umum na padomuhon kota on luat na asing manang dibagasan nangpe ruar propinsi. Piga-piga detil taringot tu transportasi umum na tarparade.

Bus Antar Kota:

* Tarutung - Medan : Sala sada rute na tarbarita, padomuhon Tarutong dohot Huta sabungan propinsi Sumatera Utara.
* Tarutung - Sibolga : Padomuhon Tarutung dohot Kota bontean di pastina.
* Tarutung - Padang Sidempuan : padomuhon tarutung dohot luat di selatan.
* Tarutung - Jakarta huhut Bandung : tardapot hobason bus na padomuhon tarutung dohot kota-kota balga di pulo jaua nangpe tupa lobi tarbatas ditudoshon.

Angkup ni bus antar kota, tardapot muse hobason na padomuhon Tarutung dohot propinsi hombar bagas songon Aceh dohot Riau, mampasilitasi pardalanan tu tujuan bisnis manang mardalani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang</title>
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      <text bytes="5184" sha1="02in450yuhwqdtdpky65xou4yfn7c74" xml:space="preserve">'''Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang''' i ma porlak panangkaran buea naumbalga di Indonesa jala di Asia Tenggara. tarampe di Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Porlak on dipajongjong di taon 1959 sian Lo Tham Huk, na mulana mamiara 12 ihur buea sian binanga jala pangiranan di lambung Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Universitas Sumatera Utara.[https://www.usu.ac.id/id/kehidupan-kampus/wisata-kota-medan/penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang]portal usu.ac.id diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on tarampe di Jl. Bunga Raya II, Kelurahan Asam Kumbang, Kecamatan Medan Selayang, hirahira 5 kilmometer sian pusok Kota Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;detiksumut (12 April 2024). 

[https://www.detik.com/sumut/wisata/d-7289121/yuk-isi-libur-lebaran-ke-wisata-buea-asam-kumbang-di-medan Yuk Isi Libur Lebaran ke Wisata buea Asam Kumbang di Medan] portal detik.com diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on mangarihon bidang saluas 2 hektar jala saonari on manare 2.000 bekor buea sian marmansam spesies. Partandang dapot marsiajar taringot hangoluon buea jala angkal pelestarian na.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Liputan6 (13 April 2024). [https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5572151/penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang-medan-dijadikan-destinasi-wisata-libur-lebaran Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang Medan Dijadikan Destinasi Wisata Libur Lebaran]portal liputan6.com diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on muse manawarhon bitik mangalean mangan buea sian manuhor daging manuk. Sian taon 2021, porlak on andorang dibagasan proses renovasi laho manuhe pasilitas padohot jambatan, palaspalas tatap, jala kafe. Porlak buea Asam Kumbang gabe destinasi laho mardalani na tarbarita, tarutama tingki liburan.partandang dang holan Mangatim mida Marmansam Ragam buea alai muse dohar marinteraksi dohot pinahan asing tudos ulok huhut kelinsi. Dohot suasana na lobi denggan dungkon renovasi, Porlak on gabe pilitan manarik tu angka keluarga na giot rap pasudahon masa huhut marsiajar tontang dorbia riar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Spesies buea ==
Porlak buea Asam Kumbang  ampuna marmansam spesies buea na manarik, i ma:

* '''buea Muara (Crocodylus porosus)''': on ma spesies na timbil umum di porlak on, huhut populasi na sahat hirahira 2.800 ekor. buea Muara ditanda ansiat buea naumbalga jala timbil ganas, dapot tubu ganjang sahat tu 7 meter jala borat sahat tu  1,2 ton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Nusantara terkini (19 Mei 2024).[https://nusantaraterkini.co/mengenal-penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang-yang-berdiri-sejak-1959 Mengenal Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang yang Berdiri Sejak 1959]portal nusantaraterkini.co diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''buea Siam (Crocodylus siamensis)''': buea Siam jotjot adong di bagasan panangkaran buea di Indonesia jala dohar didapot di Porlak buea Asam Kumbang.

Di porlak on, partandang dohar mida buea sian Marmansam dasingan Padohot na Marumur lobi sian 40 taon. Angka buea on dipaianhon bagas marmansam bak simin jala tombok na dirangrangi laho manerei nasida dohot dame. Pangalola porlak muse marupaya laho mangalehon edukasi tu angka partandang mangonai pangalahon jala habitat alami buea, palolohon porlak on  gabe destinasi wisata edukatif na manarik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Proses Palostarion buea ==
Proses palostarion buea di Porlak buea Asam Kumbang malibathon pigapiga langka na ringkot 	na marsintuhu di mangaramoti populasi buea jala mangajari natorop totang porludo konservasi reptil ini,  marihut adong ma rincian mangonai proses i : 
Panangkaran jala Pemeliharaan

* Koleksi Spesies: Porlak buea Asam Kumbang manare hirahira 2.800 ekor buea. Angka bueaon dipaiahon 78 bak semen huhut lintong bahenan na dirangrangi laho maniru habitat alami nasida.
* Kondisi Handang: Ganup bak mangarihon ungkuran na marimbil jala di isi dohot buea berdashon umur

Edukasi jala Kesadaran natorop

* Program Edukasi : Porlak on marguna ansiat inganan edukasi tu angka partandang, didia nasida boi marsiajar tontang pangalaho, habitat, jala porlu do pelestarian buea on.
* Paningkaton Kesadaran : Sian interaksi langsung jala surirang na pinatupa porlak on marupaya maningkathon kesadaran natorop tontang porludo mangamoti spesies buea sian kepunahan.

RenovasI Huhut Paningkathon Pasilitas

* Renovasi Porlak : Saonari on, Porlak buea Asam Kumbang andorang dibagasan proses renovasi laho paningkathon pasilitas huhut hadameon, dohot tujuan manarik lobi  godang partandang jala mangalehon bitik na denggan.
* Pedengganhon Kualitas Ngolu ni buea : Renovasi on pe di bahen laho padengganhon kualitas ngoluni angka buea na adong di porlak on jala patangkashon nasida dang mandalani mirdong manang depresi na dapot manggugai reproduksi.

Pangalolaan Populasi

* Pamaresoan Populasi : Dohot nga adong regulasi sian pamarenta mangonai pangondian buea,  panangkaran hera on manumpahi mamaresohon populasi buea  di portibi songon sara mambuati angka daknanak buea sian alam laho di pabalga di penangkaran.

== Jom Operasional dohot Karsis ==
Porlak Asam Kumbang buka ganup ari sian jom 09.00 sahat tu 18.00 WIB.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Arga karsis lao tu bongot i ma Rp 20.000 sahalak, dohot ongkos panambahan laho mangalean mangan buea.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>02in450yuhwqdtdpky65xou4yfn7c74</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>17188</id>
      <parentid>17187</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:25:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Spesies buea */</comment>
      <origin>17188</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5192" sha1="2uzxq437hbljxiv2yym5ofx8tx2l3hb" xml:space="preserve">'''Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang''' i ma porlak panangkaran buea naumbalga di Indonesa jala di Asia Tenggara. tarampe di Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Porlak on dipajongjong di taon 1959 sian Lo Tham Huk, na mulana mamiara 12 ihur buea sian binanga jala pangiranan di lambung Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Universitas Sumatera Utara.[https://www.usu.ac.id/id/kehidupan-kampus/wisata-kota-medan/penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang]portal usu.ac.id diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on tarampe di Jl. Bunga Raya II, Kelurahan Asam Kumbang, Kecamatan Medan Selayang, hirahira 5 kilmometer sian pusok Kota Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;detiksumut (12 April 2024). 

[https://www.detik.com/sumut/wisata/d-7289121/yuk-isi-libur-lebaran-ke-wisata-buea-asam-kumbang-di-medan Yuk Isi Libur Lebaran ke Wisata buea Asam Kumbang di Medan] portal detik.com diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on mangarihon bidang saluas 2 hektar jala saonari on manare 2.000 bekor buea sian marmansam spesies. Partandang dapot marsiajar taringot hangoluon buea jala angkal pelestarian na.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Liputan6 (13 April 2024). [https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5572151/penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang-medan-dijadikan-destinasi-wisata-libur-lebaran Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang Medan Dijadikan Destinasi Wisata Libur Lebaran]portal liputan6.com diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on muse manawarhon bitik mangalean mangan buea sian manuhor daging manuk. Sian taon 2021, porlak on andorang dibagasan proses renovasi laho manuhe pasilitas padohot jambatan, palaspalas tatap, jala kafe. Porlak buea Asam Kumbang gabe destinasi laho mardalani na tarbarita, tarutama tingki liburan.partandang dang holan Mangatim mida Marmansam Ragam buea alai muse dohar marinteraksi dohot pinahan asing tudos ulok huhut kelinsi. Dohot suasana na lobi denggan dungkon renovasi, Porlak on gabe pilitan manarik tu angka keluarga na giot rap pasudahon masa huhut marsiajar tontang dorbia riar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Spesies buea ==
Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang  ampuna marmansam spesies buea na manarik, i ma:

* '''buea muara (''Crocodylus porosus'')''': on ma spesies na timbil umum di porlak on, huhut populasi na sahat hirahira 2.800 ekor. buea Muara ditanda ansiat buea naumbalga jala timbil ganas, dapot tubu ganjang sahat tu 7 meter jala borat sahat tu  1,2 ton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Nusantara terkini (19 Mei 2024).[https://nusantaraterkini.co/mengenal-penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang-yang-berdiri-sejak-1959 Mengenal Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang yang Berdiri Sejak 1959]portal nusantaraterkini.co diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''buea siam (''Crocodylus siamensis'')''': buea Siam jotjot adong di bagasan panangkaran buea di Indonesia jala dohar didapot di Porlak buea Asam Kumbang.

Di porlak on, partandang dohar mida buea sian Marmansam dasingan Padohot na Marumur lobi sian 40 taon. Angka buea on dipaianhon bagas marmansam bak simin jala tombok na dirangrangi laho manerei nasida dohot dame. Pangalola porlak muse marupaya laho mangalehon edukasi tu angka partandang mangonai pangalahon jala habitat alami buea, palolohon porlak on  gabe destinasi wisata edukatif na manarik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Proses Palostarion buea ==
Proses palostarion buea di Porlak buea Asam Kumbang malibathon pigapiga langka na ringkot 	na marsintuhu di mangaramoti populasi buea jala mangajari natorop totang porludo konservasi reptil ini,  marihut adong ma rincian mangonai proses i : 
Panangkaran jala Pemeliharaan

* Koleksi Spesies: Porlak buea Asam Kumbang manare hirahira 2.800 ekor buea. Angka bueaon dipaiahon 78 bak semen huhut lintong bahenan na dirangrangi laho maniru habitat alami nasida.
* Kondisi Handang: Ganup bak mangarihon ungkuran na marimbil jala di isi dohot buea berdashon umur

Edukasi jala Kesadaran natorop

* Program Edukasi : Porlak on marguna ansiat inganan edukasi tu angka partandang, didia nasida boi marsiajar tontang pangalaho, habitat, jala porlu do pelestarian buea on.
* Paningkaton Kesadaran : Sian interaksi langsung jala surirang na pinatupa porlak on marupaya maningkathon kesadaran natorop tontang porludo mangamoti spesies buea sian kepunahan.

RenovasI Huhut Paningkathon Pasilitas

* Renovasi Porlak : Saonari on, Porlak buea Asam Kumbang andorang dibagasan proses renovasi laho paningkathon pasilitas huhut hadameon, dohot tujuan manarik lobi  godang partandang jala mangalehon bitik na denggan.
* Pedengganhon Kualitas Ngolu ni buea : Renovasi on pe di bahen laho padengganhon kualitas ngoluni angka buea na adong di porlak on jala patangkashon nasida dang mandalani mirdong manang depresi na dapot manggugai reproduksi.

Pangalolaan Populasi

* Pamaresoan Populasi : Dohot nga adong regulasi sian pamarenta mangonai pangondian buea,  panangkaran hera on manumpahi mamaresohon populasi buea  di portibi songon sara mambuati angka daknanak buea sian alam laho di pabalga di penangkaran.

== Jom Operasional dohot Karsis ==
Porlak Asam Kumbang buka ganup ari sian jom 09.00 sahat tu 18.00 WIB.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Arga karsis lao tu bongot i ma Rp 20.000 sahalak, dohot ongkos panambahan laho mangalean mangan buea.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2uzxq437hbljxiv2yym5ofx8tx2l3hb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>17189</id>
      <parentid>17188</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:26:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Gazartashlomo0907 papindahon alaman [[Porlak Buaya Asam Kumbang]] tu [[Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang]]: Astuan ni buaya di hata Batak Toba i ma buea</comment>
      <origin>17188</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5192" sha1="2uzxq437hbljxiv2yym5ofx8tx2l3hb" xml:space="preserve">'''Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang''' i ma porlak panangkaran buea naumbalga di Indonesa jala di Asia Tenggara. tarampe di Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Porlak on dipajongjong di taon 1959 sian Lo Tham Huk, na mulana mamiara 12 ihur buea sian binanga jala pangiranan di lambung Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Universitas Sumatera Utara.[https://www.usu.ac.id/id/kehidupan-kampus/wisata-kota-medan/penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang]portal usu.ac.id diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on tarampe di Jl. Bunga Raya II, Kelurahan Asam Kumbang, Kecamatan Medan Selayang, hirahira 5 kilmometer sian pusok Kota Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;detiksumut (12 April 2024). 

[https://www.detik.com/sumut/wisata/d-7289121/yuk-isi-libur-lebaran-ke-wisata-buea-asam-kumbang-di-medan Yuk Isi Libur Lebaran ke Wisata buea Asam Kumbang di Medan] portal detik.com diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on mangarihon bidang saluas 2 hektar jala saonari on manare 2.000 bekor buea sian marmansam spesies. Partandang dapot marsiajar taringot hangoluon buea jala angkal pelestarian na.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Liputan6 (13 April 2024). [https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5572151/penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang-medan-dijadikan-destinasi-wisata-libur-lebaran Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang Medan Dijadikan Destinasi Wisata Libur Lebaran]portal liputan6.com diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak on muse manawarhon bitik mangalean mangan buea sian manuhor daging manuk. Sian taon 2021, porlak on andorang dibagasan proses renovasi laho manuhe pasilitas padohot jambatan, palaspalas tatap, jala kafe. Porlak buea Asam Kumbang gabe destinasi laho mardalani na tarbarita, tarutama tingki liburan.partandang dang holan Mangatim mida Marmansam Ragam buea alai muse dohar marinteraksi dohot pinahan asing tudos ulok huhut kelinsi. Dohot suasana na lobi denggan dungkon renovasi, Porlak on gabe pilitan manarik tu angka keluarga na giot rap pasudahon masa huhut marsiajar tontang dorbia riar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Spesies buea ==
Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang  ampuna marmansam spesies buea na manarik, i ma:

* '''buea muara (''Crocodylus porosus'')''': on ma spesies na timbil umum di porlak on, huhut populasi na sahat hirahira 2.800 ekor. buea Muara ditanda ansiat buea naumbalga jala timbil ganas, dapot tubu ganjang sahat tu 7 meter jala borat sahat tu  1,2 ton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Nusantara terkini (19 Mei 2024).[https://nusantaraterkini.co/mengenal-penangkaran-buea-asam-kumbang-yang-berdiri-sejak-1959 Mengenal Penangkaran buea Asam Kumbang yang Berdiri Sejak 1959]portal nusantaraterkini.co diakses pada 17 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''buea siam (''Crocodylus siamensis'')''': buea Siam jotjot adong di bagasan panangkaran buea di Indonesia jala dohar didapot di Porlak buea Asam Kumbang.

Di porlak on, partandang dohar mida buea sian Marmansam dasingan Padohot na Marumur lobi sian 40 taon. Angka buea on dipaianhon bagas marmansam bak simin jala tombok na dirangrangi laho manerei nasida dohot dame. Pangalola porlak muse marupaya laho mangalehon edukasi tu angka partandang mangonai pangalahon jala habitat alami buea, palolohon porlak on  gabe destinasi wisata edukatif na manarik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Proses Palostarion buea ==
Proses palostarion buea di Porlak buea Asam Kumbang malibathon pigapiga langka na ringkot 	na marsintuhu di mangaramoti populasi buea jala mangajari natorop totang porludo konservasi reptil ini,  marihut adong ma rincian mangonai proses i : 
Panangkaran jala Pemeliharaan

* Koleksi Spesies: Porlak buea Asam Kumbang manare hirahira 2.800 ekor buea. Angka bueaon dipaiahon 78 bak semen huhut lintong bahenan na dirangrangi laho maniru habitat alami nasida.
* Kondisi Handang: Ganup bak mangarihon ungkuran na marimbil jala di isi dohot buea berdashon umur

Edukasi jala Kesadaran natorop

* Program Edukasi : Porlak on marguna ansiat inganan edukasi tu angka partandang, didia nasida boi marsiajar tontang pangalaho, habitat, jala porlu do pelestarian buea on.
* Paningkaton Kesadaran : Sian interaksi langsung jala surirang na pinatupa porlak on marupaya maningkathon kesadaran natorop tontang porludo mangamoti spesies buea sian kepunahan.

RenovasI Huhut Paningkathon Pasilitas

* Renovasi Porlak : Saonari on, Porlak buea Asam Kumbang andorang dibagasan proses renovasi laho paningkathon pasilitas huhut hadameon, dohot tujuan manarik lobi  godang partandang jala mangalehon bitik na denggan.
* Pedengganhon Kualitas Ngolu ni buea : Renovasi on pe di bahen laho padengganhon kualitas ngoluni angka buea na adong di porlak on jala patangkashon nasida dang mandalani mirdong manang depresi na dapot manggugai reproduksi.

Pangalolaan Populasi

* Pamaresoan Populasi : Dohot nga adong regulasi sian pamarenta mangonai pangondian buea,  panangkaran hera on manumpahi mamaresohon populasi buea  di portibi songon sara mambuati angka daknanak buea sian alam laho di pabalga di penangkaran.

== Jom Operasional dohot Karsis ==
Porlak Asam Kumbang buka ganup ari sian jom 09.00 sahat tu 18.00 WIB.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Arga karsis lao tu bongot i ma Rp 20.000 sahalak, dohot ongkos panambahan laho mangalean mangan buea.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2uzxq437hbljxiv2yym5ofx8tx2l3hb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bontean Simanindo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17200</id>
      <parentid>13382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:38:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>17200</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7202" sha1="cm59clwtecitmr0h1pql14evdl4oceb" xml:space="preserve">[[Ugasan:Ferry Port in Tomok, Simanindo.JPG|thumb|300px|Kapal Fery di Bontean Simanindo]]

'''Bontean Simanindo''' i ma sala sada bontean tunggul na maringanan di [[Desa Simanindo]], [[Kabupaten Samosir]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Bontean on marpungsi ansiat akses (dalan) transportasi na ringkot tu [[Pulo Samosir]] dohot maragam objek wisata di lambung ni [[Tao Toba]].

== Pasilitas ==
Bontean Simanindo dipasingkop dohot angka pasilitas modern na mangolophon hamenakon panumpang. Piga-piga sian pasilitasi i, i ma :

* Anjungan Listrik Mandiri (ALMA): Diresmihon di bulan Mei 2022, ALMA paradehon sumber ni listrik na margogo 23 KVA tu Kapal tingki marlabuh, songon ni nang haporluon ni listrik dermaga dohot natorop na humailang. On ma sada langka na ringkot laho mangolophon listrik di sektor maritim dohot pariwisata.
* Paningkatan Dermaga: Tahi laho  padengganhon dermaga i, i ma mambahen harbangan, papan sulusulu, paturehon godung ruang paimahon, dohot mencat dermaga i. On martujuan laho manambai hamenakon dohot parhorasan ni panumpang.
* Bilut Paimahon dohot Toilet: Nunga di parade pasilitas ruang lao paimahon na menak dohot toilet na laho tu paturehon bitik ni panumpang tingki paimahon paborhatann ni kapal.
* Lampu Dermaga  Wisata: Pamasangan lampu di dermaga martujuan laho manambahi hadameon dohot hamenakon tingki borngin ni ari.
* Inganan Panduduran Lobilobi: Pasilitas na di bahen laho mangaramoti haiason humailang di bontean. 
* Terminal Panumpang: Boi manere arus panumpang.
* Mushola: Pasilitas maribadah tu angka panumpang.
* Bilut hahipason: Di manangani haadongon darurat hagompison.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Antara sumut (12 Mei 2022). [https://sumut.antaranews.com/berita/478253/pelabuhan-simanindo-samosir-dilengkapi-anjungan-listrik-mandiri Pelabuhan Simanindo Samosir dilengkapi  anjungan listrik mandiri]portal antaranews.com diakses pada 18 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kabupaten Samosir (11 Mei 2022).[https://samosirkab.go.id/2022/05/11/bupati-samosir-resmikan-penyalaan-anjungan-listrik-mandiri-alma-pelabuhan-simanindo/ BUPATI SAMOSIR RESMIKAN PENYALAAN ANJUNGAN LISTRIK MANDIRI (ALMA) PELABUHAN SIMANINDO]portal samosirkab.go.id diakses pada 18 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pembangunan Bontean ==
Proses pembangunan Bontean Simanindo sian taon 2017 sahat tu sae, adong do piga-piga tahapan na dibahen laho paturehon pasilitas pangurupion dohot hadameon di luat Tao Toba. Di toru on ma rincian prosesna:

2017 : Partahian dohot Mula Pembangunan

* Boaboa Proyek : Di taon 2017, Kementerian Perhubunngan (Kemenhub) mambahen boaboa tahian laho pamajuhon angka bontean, tarmasuk Bontean Simanindo, songon jambar ni ulahon lao paturehon konektivitas di luat Stategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN) Tao Toba. Padengganan on tarmasuk do i mambahen lam denggan dermaga dohot pasilitas penyebrangan.
* Pembangunan Pasilitas : Tahi di mula mambahen herbangan, papan sulusulu, padengganhon ruang lao paimahon, dohot mengecat dermaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Kementerian Perhubungan Indonesia (1 Juli 2018). [https://portal.dephub.go.id/post/read/5-dermaga-di-danau-toba-akan-di-revitalisasi 5 Dermaga Di Danau Toba Akan Di Revitalisasi]portal dephub.go.id&lt;/ref&gt;

2018-2021 : Pembangunan Marundutundut 

* Revitalisasi Dermaga : Di periode on, piga-piga dermaga di humaliang ni Tao Toba dipangolu muse, tarmasuk ma i Simanindo. Proyek on martujuan laho paturehon infrastruktur di bontean asa lam dame jala menak di angka panumpang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Pangaradeon Kapal Imbaru : Asing ni bontean, kemenhub marinvestasi di bagas pangadongon kapal na imbaru laho paturehon pangurupion transportasi. Di taon 2021, diresmihon ma opat kapal feri laho mangurupi rute di Tao Toba, tarmasuk na maroperasi sian Bontean Simanindo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Dinas Perhubungan Republik Indonesia (2 Februari 2022). [https://dephub.go.id/post/read/presiden-resmikan-7-pelabuhan-penyeberangan-dan-4-kapal-di-kawasan-danau-toba Presiden Resmikan 7 Pelabuhan Penyeberangan dan 4 Kapal di Kawasan Danau Toba]portal dephub.go.id diakses pada 18 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

2022 : Pasaeon dohot Pangojakan 

* Pangojakon Pasilitas : Di bulan pebruari 2022, Presiden Joko Widodo maresmihon Bontean Simanindo rap dohot onom bontean na asing di luat Tao Toba. Pangojakan on gabe tanda sidung ni pembangunan pasilitas na direncanahon jala dipanjongjong saleleng pigapiga taon na salpu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Paningkatan Pangurupion : Dohot pasilitas na baru jala kapal na lobi modern, Bontean Simanindo boi mangalehan pangurupan lobi denggan tu angka natorop dohot wisatawan, jala mangolophon partumbuhan pariwisata di luat i.

== Dalan Transportasi ==
Bontean Simanindo pe gabe titik parmulaan ni pigapiga jalur kapal feri, na manghubunghon marragam luat di humailang ni Tao Toba. Sala sada dalan na baru na di bahen ima rute Tongging-Silalahi-Simanindo, na martujuan manambai aksesibiltas jala mangolophon pariwisata di luat i. Kapal Motor Panumpang (KMP) songon jurungjurang dohot Asa asa na mangurupi rure on dohot denggan. malehan hamuraon tu wisatawan dolok halak na tading di si.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Direktorat Jendral Perhubungan Darat (22 Maret 2024).[https://hubdat.dephub.go.id/id/bptd/ksopp-danau-toba/publikasi/kabar-gembira-asdp-buka-lintasan-baru-silalahi-simanindo-besok-pelayaran-perdana/ Kabar Gembira! ASDP Buka Lintasan Baru Silalahi-Simanindo, Besok Pelayaran Perdana]portal dephub.go.id diakses pada 18 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Di toru on ma dalan ni kapal na adong:

Simanindo - Tigaras

* Kapal na mangurupi : KMP Sumut I dohot KMP Sumut II
* Perekuensi : Ganup jom, dohot 12 pardalanan ganup ari. Di ari libur dohot akhir pekan, boi tamba godang pardalana gabe 14 pardalanan
* Jadual Haborhaton Sian Simanindo : jom 07.00 WIB sahat tu 19.30 WIB dohot panambahan haborhaton di botari di akhir pekan.&lt;ref&gt;Detik sumut (4 Agustus 2024).

[https://www.detik.com/sumut/berita/d-7473163/jadwal-penyeberangan-kapal-ferry-di-danau-toba-agustus-2024 Jadwal Penyeberangan Kapal Ferry di Danau Toba Agustus 2024] portal detik.com diakses pada 19 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

Simanindo - Silalahi - Tongging

* Kapal na mangurupi :  KMP Jurung-Jurung dan KMP Asa-Asa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Jadual Haborhaton :

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Sian 
!Jom 
|-
|Tongging tu Silalahi 
|07.00 WIB 
|-
|Silalahi tu Simanindo 
|08.00 WIB
|-
|Simanindo tu Silalahi
|12.00 WIB
|-
|Silalahi tu Tongging
|16.00 WIB
|}
Baktiraja - Sipinggan

Dalan on pe dibungka laho manambai aksesibilitas antar luat on dohot mangolophon pariwisata di Tao Toba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Pariwisata ==
Alana bagian sian Kawasan Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN) Tao Toba, Bontean Simanindo dohot marperan ringkot laho manambai lonsam tandangan wisatawan tu objek wisata na humailang. Songkongan sian pamarentah daerah pe mansai ringkot dibagasan pangombangon bontean on asa boi memaksimalhon potensi pariwisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Direktorat Jendral Perhubungan Darat.[https://web.archive.org/web/20241213051330/https://hubdat.dephub.go.id/id/bptd/ksopp-danau-toba/wilkersimanindo/ Pelabuhan Danau Simanindo]portal dephub.go.id diakses pada 19 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Horong:Bontean]]
[[Horong:Inganan hatopan di Sumatera Utara]]
[[Horong:Bontean di Sumatera Utara]]</text>
      <sha1>cm59clwtecitmr0h1pql14evdl4oceb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>GBI Rumah Persembahan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1553</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17201</id>
      <parentid>14177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:39:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>17201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6575" sha1="84ncilfxt87k2ifmvs4czl1wk4llokp" xml:space="preserve">'''GBI Rumah Persembahan''' ima sada gereja na gabe ruas ni [[Gereja Bethel Indonesia]] na maringanan di [[Kota Medan]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Gereja on diojakhon Pdt. R. Bambang Jonan, na mangungkaphon paboa pembangunan ni gareja on ima hasil ni angan-angan dohot tangiang ni inana. Di jamitana, Dipaboa Pdt Jonan do, pingkiran laho pajongjongkon bangunan na balga on ro sian lomo ni roha ni inana tingki metmet ibana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Tabloid Mitra (25 Juli 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250115011124/https://tabloidmitra.com/lika-liku-perjalanan-pdt-r-bambang-jonan-membangun-gbi-medan-plaza-rayon-4/ Lika-Liku Perjalanan Pdt. R Bambang Jonan Membangun GBI Medan Plaza, Rayon 4]portal tabloidmitra.com diakses pada 19 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Turiturian Pembangunan ==
Pembangunan GBI Rumah Persembahan dipungka sian nipi na pinasahat ni ina ni Pdt. R. Bambang Jonan uju metmet dope ibana. Ina Pdt. Jonan Sai mangaraphon di sada tingki boi anakna i pajongjong gedung gareja na balga.Nipi on ma na gabe inspirasi na lopok laho pembangunan gareja.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

'''Pameakon Batu Parjolo'''

Di taon 2005, dung sae Rudolf Matzuoka Pardede gabe Gubernur Sumatera Utara, disosoi ibana ma Pdt. Jonan laho mangampehon batu parjolo. Matzuoka ndang holan berperan laho pajongjonghon batu na parjolo alai dohot do mangalehon songkongan materi marhite na mangalehon jabu tu Pdt. Jonan di Medan. 

'''Pegurusan Ijin'''

Pdt. Jonan laos pasahaton  hamauliateonna tu Dr. Drs. ULAHI. Nainggolan, na mangurupi di na mangolah izin bangunan (IMB) tu gareja on. Hira-hira 1,5 bulan, berhasil ma dapot IMB, ditandatangani Walikota H. Rahudman Harahap. Asing ni i, dohot do Menteri Hukum dohot HAM, Yasonna Hamonangan Laoly, mangalehon sumbangan tu pengolahan surat hatorangon tano tu gareja on.

'''Abatabat huhut Pansidungi'''

Di tingki proses pembangunan i, Pdt.Jonan mandapot marragam tantangan, tarlumobi taringot tu parsoalan tano na kompleks.Alai, alani pangurupion sian si Alex Ketaren dohot timna, songon i nang si Tomas Purba dohot si Eron Lumban Gaol, boi do dipasae an.

'''Visi Jangka Panjang'''

Pdt. Jonan mampuna visi laho laho pajongjonghon Perguruan Tinggi Teologi (STT) songon bagian ni usaha laho pahembanghon generasi muda na rade gabe Zending. STT on dipajongjong sian pangurupion ni Dr. Saur Hasugian, M.Th., na gabe Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Kristen ditingki i.

Pembangunan GBI Rumah Persembahan mardalan alani piga piga faktor kunci na malibathon songkongan sian marbagai pihak dohot asini roha Debata. Di toru on ma piga-piga unsur na mambahen lancar pembangunan ni gareja on:

'''Songkongan moral dohot materi''' : Pdt. R Bambang Jonan mandapot songkonan na godang sian Rudolf Matzuoka Pardede, i ma na jolo gabe Gubernur Sumatera Utara, dang holan manorong peamekan batu parjolo alai dohot do paradehon jabu gabe inganan parmianan ni Pdt. Jonan. Songkongan on mambahen dasar na togu laho mamungka proyek pembangunan. 

'''Pangurusan ijin na efisien :''' Dr. drs. R.E. Nainggolan dohot marperan ringkot mangatur surat ijin bangunan (IMB) tu gareja i, na boi di dapot dibagasan tingki na jempek, holan 1,5 bulan dung permohonan i, dohot tanda tangan ni Walikota H. Rahudman Harahap. Hatop ni pengolahan izin tutu mangurupi laho pahothon proses pembangunan.

'''Songkongan Hukum dohot Sertifikasi Tano :''' Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Yasonna Hamonangan Laoly, dohot do mangurupi laho mangolah surat hatorangon tano i, mamastihon asa tano inganan jongjong ni gareja i secara hukum gabe milik ni GBI. On mambahen ndang adong be parsoalan hukum tu ari na naeng ro. 

'''Tim Profesional dohot na malo :''' Pdt Jonan manghamauliatehon kontribusi ni si Alex Ketaren dohot timna, termasuk si Tomas Purba dohot si Eron Lumban Gaol, na boi pasae angka persoalan tano na kompleks saleleng proses pembangunan. Hadirion ni tim profesional on memastikan sude aspek teknis dohot administrasi ditangani dohot denggan.

'''Asi ni roha Debata :''' Pdt Johan diondolhon do paboa sude kemudahan na dapot saleleng proses pembangunan i hasil asi ni roha ni Debata do. Haporseaon on mangalehon motivasi tambahan tu sude pihak na terlibat asa torus marsitutu mangula.

== Halak na terlibat di pembangunan ==

* '''Pdt. R. Bambang Jonan :''' ansiat napajongjonghon dohot pandita di gereja, ibana do pangurdot na lopok pembangunan Pelean Rumah GBI. 
* '''Rudolf Matzuoka Pardede:''' Gubernur Sumatera Utara na jolo berperan pameakon batu parjolo jala mangalehon songkongan moral dohot materil tu Pdt. Jonan, termasuk paradehon jabu ingananna.
* '''Dr. drs. R.E Nainggolan''' : Tokoh na mangurupi mangatur ijin pembangunan gereja (IMB), na berhasil didapot di bagasan waktu na relatif jompok.
* '''Yasona Hamonangan Laoly :''' Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI na manumpahi bagas mangkarejoi surat hatorangan tano tu gareja on.
* '''Alex Ketaren dohot Tim:''' Nasida berperan laho pasaehon marragam masala na rumingkot na marpardomuan tu tano, asa boi denggan mardalan pembangunan.
* '''Tomas Purba dohot Eron Lumban Gaol''': Anggota tim na laos berkontribusi laho pasaehon marmansam abatabat saleleng proses pembangunan.
* '''Dr. Saur Hasugian, M.Th''': Berperan laho pajongjonghon Perguruan Tinggi Teologi (STT) na gabe bagian ni visi jangka panjang ni Pdt. Jonan laho mendidik angka sundut na umposo gabe misionaris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pangurupion huhut Marminggu ==
GBI Rumah Persembahan mambahen pola parmingguan pamalumon na digoari &quot;Pondok Daud&quot; na marfokus tu tangiang, pujipujian, dohot panombaon di bagasan hasadaon dohot harusuon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Rumah Persembahan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241116141732/https://rumahpersembahan.org/ Gereja Bethel Indonesia Rumah Persembahan]portal rumahpersembahan.org diakses pada 19 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Marsihohot do gereja on laho paradehon bangso na tama tu Raja Hamuliaon i, marojahan tu prinsip sian Bibel isarana Jesaya 40:3 dohot Psalmen 24:7.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Laos aktif do gareja on di ragam ni ulaon natorop, tarmasuk ma i Hari Partangiangan rappak na mandapot apresiasi sian Gubernur Sumatera Utara, Edy Rahmayadi.&lt;ref&gt;Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara (5 Juli 2023). [https://sumutprov.go.id/artikel/artikel/edy-rahmayadi-apresiasi-kegiatan-hari-doa-bersama-gbi-rumah-persembahan Edy Rahmayadi Apresiasi Kegiatan  Hari Doa Bersama GBI Rumah Persembahan]portal sumutprov.go.id diakses pada 19 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; laon on patuduhon parsitutuon ni huria laho manghobasi natorop dohot mamungka parbogason na denggan dohot pamarenta disi.

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Horong:Gareja di Sumatera Utara]]</text>
      <sha1>84ncilfxt87k2ifmvs4czl1wk4llokp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adaran Benteng (Medan)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1568</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17186</id>
      <parentid>14091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:23:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>17186</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5315" sha1="jyydvpaidbllkplv21wt9gw6z2i6ewz" xml:space="preserve">'''Adaran Benteng''' i ma sada ruang tarbungka ijo na maringanan di pusok [[Kota Medan]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Inganan on tarbonggal gabe pusok siulaon natorop dohot jotjot dipangke tu marragam acara, tingon olahraga sahat tu pansa seni.

Lapangan Benteng maringanan di Jl. Pengadilan, [[Kelurahan Petisah Tengah]], Medan. Lokasi na mansai strategis jala mura didapot denggan dohot kendaraan pribadi jala angkutan umum. Sian Bandara Internasional Kualanamu, pardalanan tu lapangan on porlu hira-hira 45 menit. 

== Turiturian ==
Turiturian ni pembangunan benteng di Lapangan Benteng Medan dibuha hirahira taon 1918, tingki i bagian ni Kota Praja manang ''Gemeente'' dope luat i. Di tingki i, adong do opat huta luat i: [[Kesawan]], [[Sungai Rengas]], [[Petisah Hulu]], dohot [[Petisah Hilir]]. I konteks partahanan dohot hadameon, di pajongjong sada benteng na marfungsi gabe pasilitas militer i lokasi on.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Salsa Wisata. [https://salsawisata.com/lapangan-benteng-medan/ Lapangan Benteng Medan] portal salsawisata.com diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Medan 88 Rent Car (19 Februari 2024).[https://medan88rentcar.com/lapangan-benteng-medan/ Lapangan Benteng Medan : Daya Tarik, Lokasi, Jam Buka, dan Fasilitas] portal medan88rentcar.com diakses pada 8 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Benteng na di pajongjong dang holan marpungsi gabe struktur partahanan, alai muse gabe simbol tingon hagogoon dohot eksistensi pamarentah penjajah maso i. Lam leleng, benteng on di pauba gabe jambar ni ruang tarbungka na ijo na nuaeng digoari Adaran Benteng. Saonari, adaran on dang holan gabe pusok angka ulaon natorop dohot olahraga, Alai muse gabe inganan parpunguan ni natorop tu marragam acara budaya dohot parpunguan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Pasilitas ==
Adaran Benteng di pasilitasi dohot angka marragam pasilitas na boi mangolophon ulaon angka partandang, tarmasuk ma i :

* Sarana Olahraga :  Tardapot dalan laho jogging, Adaran Futsal, Adaran Voli, dohot angka paralatan gym gratis.
* Area Parkir : Adong di bahen area parkir tu angka kendaraan.
* Toilet Umum : Patangkashon hamenakon partandang.
* Porlak Parmeaman : Area parmeam-meaman angka dakdanak, Dibahen do on asa boi inganan na aman jala tabo marmeam tu angka dakdanak, na mambahen on gabe pilitan denggan tu keluarga na ro tu adaran on.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Asing ni i, Adaran Benteng pe manawarhon daya tarik tu partandang, i ma:

* Olahraga Sonang : Godang do halak mamangke adaran on laho marjogging manang marlatik ringan di manogot dohot botari.
* Inganan parpunguan : Jotjot dipangke gabe inganan piknik keluarga dohot acara parpunguan.
* Acara Abahan : Patupahon konser musik dohot ragam ni ulaon seni na asing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Angka Ulaon ==
Adaran Benteng Medan jotjot do inganan ni angka ulaon masyarakat na menarik jala marragam. Songon on ma pigapiga ulaon na jotjot dipatupa di adaran on:

* Konser Musik : I ma inganan ni marragam konser musik na marragam genre, na manarik marribu panonton laho mangatimi pertunjukan di suasana na tarbuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Pasar UMKM : Acara pasar Usaha Mikro Kecil dohot Menengah (UKM) jotjot do dipatupa dison, na mangalehon tampahan tu usaha lokal laho pataridahon produkna jala tu angka partandang laho marbalanjo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Pestival Kuliner : Pamarenta Kota Medan jotjot mambahen pesta kuliner, songon na dijadwalhon di bulan September 2024, marratus penyewa menawarkan sipanganon khas Medan.&lt;ref&gt;Tribun Medan (5 September 2024). 

[https://medan.tribunnews.com/2024/09/05/pemko-medan-akan-gelar-festival-kuliner-selama-4-hari-di-lapangan-benteng-catat-tanggalnya Pemko Medan akan Gelar Festival Kuliner selama 4 Hari di Lapangan Benteng, Catat Tanggalnya]portal tribunnews.com diakses oada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ulahon Olahraga : Marragam ulaon olahraga, tarmasuk senam massa dohot mardalan-dalan santai, juo jotjot ilaksanaon di Adaran Benteng. Songon acara Jalan ke PON XXI 2024 Jalan Santai na melibatkan marribu peserta.&lt;ref&gt;Badan Penghubung Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara (25 Agustus 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241129195553/http://badanpenghubung.sumutprov.go.id/2024/08/25/ribuan-peserta-ikuti-jalan-santai-road-to-pon-xxi-2024-sekdaprov-sumut-ajak-satukan-semangat-sukseskan-event-olahraga-nasional/ Ribuan Peserta Ikuti Jalan Santai Road to PON XXI 2024 *Sekdaprov Sumut Ajak Satukan Semangat Sukseskan Event Olahraga Nasional] portal sumutprov.go.id diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;
* Patuduhon Seni : Adaran Benteng on jotjot gabe panggung laho patupahon patuduhon seni, tarmasuk ma i manortor dohot teater tradisional, na patuduhon hamoraon ni budaya lokal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Acara Politik dohot Parpunguon :pe dipangke do tu acara politik na ringkot dohot ulaon punguan na asing, gabe inganan parpunguan ni angka jolma laho paboahon angka cita-cita dohot mamestahon angka tingki na ringkot.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Jom Bungka ==
Lapangan i dibuka 24 jom sadari, jadi boi do ro angka partandang manang sadihari pe laho marlatik manang marnonang. Nang pe adong pigapiga inganan mangan na humaliangna boi ditutup sian jolo, alai tongtong do boi didapot inganan i ganup tingki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Horong:Inganan hatopan di Sumatera Utara]]
[[Horong:Adaran di Sumatera Utara]]</text>
      <sha1>jyydvpaidbllkplv21wt9gw6z2i6ewz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Porlak Cadika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1576</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17182</id>
      <parentid>15210</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:18:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>17182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7408" sha1="i4r7ghpncd283xuvw65k3fa1hz9vxrv" xml:space="preserve">'''Porlak Cadika''' i ma sala sada porlak na tarampe di Jl. Karya Wisata, Kecamatan Medan Johor, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Porlak on on tarbonggal manjadi oase ijo di tonga-tonga kota na ribur, na manawarhon ruang-ruang tarbungka ijo na jenges dohot pasilitas rekreasi na pungu tu angka halak di si dohot partandang na ro. 

== Sarita ==
Porlak Cadika nunga mandalani revitalisasi na mansai balga jala diresmihon Walikota Medan, Bobby Nasution, tanggal 12 September 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Kabar Medan (13 September 2024). [https://kabarmedan.com/taman-cadika-medan-kembali-dibuka-dengan-fasilitas-baru-untuk-masyarakat-dan-ramah-anak/ Taman Cadika Medan Kembali Dibuka dengan Fasilitas Baru Untuk Masyarakat dan Ramah Anak]portal kabarmedan.com diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Proses laho revitalisasi Porlak Cadika di Medan mangalibathon pigapiga langkah na ringkot na martujuan laho paturehon fungsi dohot pasilitas ni taman i songon ruang terbungka ijo. Songon on ma rincian ni proses revitalisasi:

'''Asal ni Biaya'''

Revitalisasi Porlak Cadika dibiayai dohot Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sian PT. Tor Ganda, dohot anggaran lobi sian 28 miliar rupiah.On ma sada CSR na umbalga na jinalo ni Pamarenta Kota Medan, jala proyek on ndang mamangke dana sian Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) Kota Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Pemerintah Kota Medan (12 Juli 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250211062136/https://portal.medan.go.id/berita/tinjau-progres-revitalisasi-taman-cadika-bobby-nasution-ini-untuk-masyarakat-non-apbd__read4501.html Tinjau Progres Revitalisasi Taman Cadika, Bobby Nasution: Ini untuk Masyarakat, Non APBD]portal medan.go.id diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Tahapan Revitalisasi'''

Pangarangrangion jala Pangambaran : Prosesna dipungka sian pangarangrangion na manat laho manontuhon gombaran ni taman na imbaru i, tarmasuk manambai ragam ni pasilitas na imbaru na jenges tu dakdanak jala mangolophon ulaon natorop.

Pembangunan Pasilitas :

* Porlak Tao
* Sabola Joging dohot Marsepeda
* Cafe
* Porlak Parmeaman Tarbungka
* Porlak Parmeaman Dakdanak
* Tombak Geleng
* Luat Parsaroan
* Sarana olahraga songon adaran bola, arena marluncur, adaran basket, arena markuda, arena panahan dohot porlak skate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Waspada (2 Oktober 2024). [https://waspada.co.id/fasilitas-sudah-lengkap-dan-lebih-asri-ayo-jaga-bersama-taman-cadika/ Fasilitas Sudah Lengkap dan Lebih Asri, Ayo Jaga Bersama Taman Cadika]portal waspada.co.id diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

Paningkathon hadameon jala hamenakon : Revitalisasi pe marfokus tu na paturehon hadameon, manghapus masala biaya ilegal na najolo mangganggu hamenakon ni angka partandang. Diulahon do on asa lam dame jala las roha ni angka tamu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Pemerintah Kota Medan (29 Juli  2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250712095101/https://portal.medan.go.id/berita/revitalisasi-masuki-tahap-finishing-taman-cadika-tutup-mulai-besok-sampai-12-agustus__read4542.html Revitalisasi Masuki Tahap Finishing, Taman Cadika Tutup Mulai Besok Sampai 12 Agustus]portal medan.go.id diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sidung dohot Pangaturan: Dung sae pajongjongkon pasilitas, diulahon ma tahap sidung asa boi dipangke sude aspek ni porlak i. Tarmasuk ma i paiashon bahan bangunan na tading jala mangatur inganan porlak asa lam rapi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

'''Partisipasi ni natorop''' 

Ditogihon Walikota Medan do masyarakat asa parsidohot mangaramoti haiason dohot hajengeson ni porlak i dung dibahen revitalisasi. Langka na ringkot do on asa boi denggan dijaga pasilitas na adong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Respon natorop ==
Dipatuduhon angka halak di san do semangat na timbo laho mandapothon Porlak Cadika, tarlumobi di akhir pekan, ro do nasida laho marlatik, marnonang jala mangatimi pasilitas imbaru na adong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Pemerintah Kota Medan (6 November 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241110145300/https://portal.medan.go.id/berita/pasca-revitalisasi-taman-cadika-kian-memesona-antusiasme-masyarakat-berkunjung-sangat-tinggi__read4759.html Pasca Revitalisasi, Taman Cadika Kian Memesona, Antusiasme Masyarakat Berkunjung Sangat Tinggi]portal medan.go.id diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nusantara Terkini (5 November 2024). [https://nusantaraterkini.co/pengunjung-akui-puas-dengan-fasilitas-taman-cadika-medan-berharap-keamanan-ditingkatkan Pengunjung Akui Puas dengan Fasilitas Taman Cadika Medan, Berharap Keamanan Ditingkatkan]portal nusantaraterkini.co diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Godang do halak na ro mangakkui, saonari nunga lam lengkap pasilitas di porlak i jala boi dipangke dakdanak.Pasilitas songon trek jogging, adaran olahraga, inganan marmeam dohot tao bahenan mansai diparhambol natorop. Dame jala menak do dihilala angka pangisi molo di Porlak Cadika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Diida angka partandang do muse, lam denggan do bagak ni porlak i. Godang do halak marpingkir, Porlak Cadika saonari nunga lam uli jala menarik, godang do inganan foto na jenges. Ringgas do natorop masiundangan asa tongtong ias taman i. Dipaingot nasida do hami ringkot ni asa unang manat mambolongkon sampah jala maradoti pasilitas naung adong asa denggan di radoti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Siulaon di Porlak Cadika ==
Porlak Cadika di Medan saonari on nuaeng on gabe inganan na tarbarita do i tu angka ulaon dohot ulaon na marragam. Nang pe ndang dipaboa hatorangan na tangkas taringot tu angka ulaon na tontu di angka sumber na adong, alai jotjot do gok tamu di taman i, tarlumobi di akhir pekan, na ro laho mangatimi pasilitas na adong. Di toru on ma pigapiga jenis kegiatan dohot acara na boi diulahon di Porlak Cadika:

* Ulaon Olahraga : Porlak on dipungu i dohot ragam ni pasilitas olahraga songon lapangan bola kaki, arena marluncur roda dohot inganan panahan. Boi do angka partandang dohot tu ulaon olahraga sahalak manang rap dohot angka dongan.
* Acara Keluarga: Ala adong inganan parmeaman dohot inganan parmeaman ni dakdanak, Porlak Cadika on ma inganan na pas laho mangulahon acara keluarga. Godang do keluarga na ro tu taman on laho marnonang jala rap marlas ni roha.
* Pameran manang Pestival : Nang pe ndang adong hatorangan na tangkas taringot tu pameran manang pestival na naeng ro, alai marpotensi do taman on gabe tuan rumah ni acara natorop, songon pesta seni manang pesta sipanganon, molo diida kapasitas dohot fasilitas na adong.
* Ulaon Pendidikan: Hadirion ni angka binatang songon rusa bintik jinak dohot kelinci pe manambai nilai pendidikan tu angka dakdanak. Porlak on boi gabe inganan ni ulaon pendidikan taringot tu lingkungan dohot pelestarian.
Porlak Cadika di Medan ndang adong be biaya masuk tu angka na ro. Gratis do masuk tu porlak on, jadi manang ise pe boi do mandapothon porlak on so pola manggarar tiket.&lt;ref&gt;Komunitas Veritas (25 April 2024). [https://veritasunika.com/2024/04/25/berwisata-gratis-taman-cadika-pramuka-merupakan-tempat-yang-sejuk-dan-nyaman-untuk-dikunjungi/ Berwisata Gratis, Taman Cadika Pramuka merupakan Tempat yang Sejuk dan Nyaman untuk Dikunjungi]portal veritasunika.com diakses pada 25 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dinamika (26 Januari 2023). [https://lpmdinamika.co/arus-sastra/featured/meraup-keuntungan-di-taman-cadika-medan/ Meraup Keuntungan di Taman Cadika Medan]portal ipmdinamika.com diakses pada 22 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pustaha ==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patung Dewi Kwan Im Siantar</title>
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    <id>1601</id>
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      <id>17203</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>17203</origin>
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      <text bytes="6951" sha1="a8r3xdwkoxnrckduhbfg2d2f0bvuby2" xml:space="preserve">[[Ugasan:Area Patung Dewi Kwan im Pematangsiantar.jpg|thumb|434x434px|Area Patung Dewi Kwan Im di  Pematangsiantar]]
'''Patung Dewi Kwan Im''' di [[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]], [[Sumatera Utara]], i ma patung tartimbo di Asia Tenggara dohot timbona 22,8 meter dohot boratna hirahira 1.500 ton. Maringanan di komplek Avalokitesvara Vihara, patung on diresmihon tanggal 15 Nopember 2005 dung dibangun saleleng tolu taon jala diimpor sian China.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Sindo News (18 Januari 2021).[https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/304350/29/patung-dewi-kwan-im-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara-pesona-wisata-religi-di-pematangsiantar-1610874068 Patung Dewi Kwan Im Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, Pesona Wisata Religi di Pematangsiantar]portal sindonews.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Merdeka (2020).[https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/dibangun-selama-3-tahun-ini-5-fakta-menarik-patung-dewi-kwan-im-di-pematangsiantar.html Dibangun Selama 3 Tahun, Ini 5 Fakta Menarik Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar]portal merdeka.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;2o Detik (11 Januari 2023).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241203051130/https://20.detik.com/spot-wisata/20230104-230111024/patung-dewi-kwan-im-pematang-siantar-terbesar-dan-tertinggi-di-indonesia Patung Dewi Kwan Im Pematang Siantar, Terbesar dan Tertinggi di Indonesia]portal 20.detik.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Patung on ma gabe ikon wisata agama na manarik bahat partandang, mancerminkon toleransi agama i luat i. Patung on gabe ikon wisata agama na manarik bahat partandang, na pataridahon toleransi ugamo i luat i.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Diskominfo Pematang Siantar (4 Februari 2024).[https://diskominfo.pematangsiantar.go.id/patung-dewi-kwan-im Patung Dewi Kwan Im]portal diskominfo.pematangsiantar.go.id diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Di taon 2008, patung on mandapot rekor MURI manjadi napaling timbil ginjang di Asia Tenggara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Turiturian ==
Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematang siantar terinspirasi sian turiturian anak boru Miao Shan, na sorang di tingki Dinasti Zhou. Miao Shan na so olo marhasohotan, mamillit gabe biarawati jala marsitutu mangurupi hajolmaon. Di bagasan proses i, dapotna ma huaso laho paluahon jolma sian sitaonon. Turiturian on manggombarkon Kwan Im gabe bodhisattva na gok asi ni roha dot asi ni roha, mambaen ia gabe pangituai na mansai ihormati i ajaran Buddha.Patung on manggombarhon nilai-nilai holong dohot panghophopon na adong di sarita i.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Liputan 6 (29 Januari 2011).[https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/318043/patung-dewi-kwan-im-tetap-memesona Patung Dewi Kwan Im Tetap Memesona]portal liputan6.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Proses Pambahenan ==
Proses pambahenan Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar dimulai taon 2002 jala sidung di taon 2005. Patung on diimpor langsung sian China  jala timbo na 22,8 meter jala boratna hira-hira 1.500 ton. Hira-hira tolu taon do lelengna pajongjongkon patung on, jala dibahen angka tukang na marpangalaman do teknik pambahenan na manat jala rinci. Dung sae, patung on diresmihon tanggal 15 Nopember 2005 jala gabe ikon wisata agama di luat i.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Pojok satu (9 Januari 2024).[https://www.pojoksatu.id/sumut/1083713144/tempat-wisata-religi-di-pematang-siantar-ada-patung-dewi-kwan-in-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara Tempat Wisata Religi di Pematang Siantar, Ada Patung Dewi Kwan In Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara]portal pojoksatu.id diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikon Pariwisata Agama ==
Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar gabe  ikon pariwisata agama alani piga-piga sidalian:

* Timbo jala Megah (Balga) : Timbona 22,8 meter, patung on ma na tumimbo di Asia Tenggara, jala godang do halak na ro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Lokasi na Strategis: Maringanan di Vihara Avalokitesvara, na gabe pusat ibadah ni halak Buddha, gabe inganan na libur laho martandang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* Tanda Toleransi Agama: Patung on patuduhon tingkat toleransi agama na timbo di Pematangsiantar, manarik partandang sian marmansam latar belakang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Manarik Wisata: Dihaliangi porlak na uli dohot patung-patung na gelleng na asing, mambahen suasana na menarik tu wisatawan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Banyuwangi Viva (30 Oktober 2024).[https://banyuwangi.viva.co.id/wisata/9230-menelisik-vihara-avalokitesvara-jejak-sejarah-dan-pesona-spiritual-di-kota-pematang-siantar Menelisik Vihara Avalokitesvara: Jejak Sejarah dan Pesona Spiritual di Kota Pematang Siantar]portal viva.co.id diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Haunggulon ==
Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar adong piga-piga bongka na unik dibandinghon dohot patung-patung na asing di Asia Tenggara:

* Timbo: 22,8 meter, patung on ma na tumimbo di Asia Tenggara, mamonsahon rekor MURI taon 2008.&lt;ref&gt;RCTI+ (20 Desember 2022).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241202000533/https://www.rctiplus.com/news/detail/nasional/3219871/3-fakta-patung-dewi-kwan-im-patung-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara-yang-berada-di-pematang-siantar 3 Fakta Patung Dewi Kwan Im, Patung Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara yang Berada di Pematang Siantar]portal rctiplus.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Bahan dohot Asal: Patung on diimpor sian Cina jala dibahen sian batu granit, mambahen patung on unik sian segi kualitas dohot desain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Humailang: Dihaliangi porlak na uli dohot opat patung panjaga, mambahen suasana na lam manarik tu angka partandang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Partanda : Songon parmutmutan ni Dewi Kwan Im, patung on manggombarhon holong dohot parasinirohaon, mambahen i gabe pusat ibadah dohot pariwisata agama na ringkot.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Merdeka (2021).[https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/4-fakta-menarik-pematangsiantar-ada-patung-dewi-kwan-in-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara.html 4 Fakta Menarik Pematangsiantar, Ada Patung Dewi Kwan In Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara]portal merdeka.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar manghorhon abahan lokal dohot piga-piga cara:

* Tanda Toleransi Agama: Patung on nunga gabe tanda toleransi antar agama, na manarik angka partandang sian marragam latar belakang laho manomba jala marsiajar taringot ajaran Buddha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Pusok Partondion: Dipangke halak Chkna na maragama Budha do patung on gabe inganan mangalualu partondion, mangurupi nasida mangadopi parsoalan di ngolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Wisata Agama: Songon sipareakan wisata agama, patung on manarik wisatawan, manambai kesadaran dohot pangantusion taringot tu budaya Buddha di tongatonga ni masarakat na lumbang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* Parsiajaran dohot hasunggulon abahan: Godang do angka murid dohot tamu na ro laho marsiajar taringot turiturian dohot nilai-nilai na diajarhon Dewi Kwan Im, na pamorahon parbinotoan abahan lokal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
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  <page>
    <title>Porlak Beringin Medan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>17192</id>
      <parentid>14015</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-11T14:27:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gazartashlomo0907</username>
        <id>62</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>17192</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6458" sha1="do0mluedivdq68jqogl0z0dggtkqstq" xml:space="preserve">'''Porlak Beringin''', na maringanan di Jl. Cik Ditiro jala Sudirman, Medan, marupahon inganan tarbungka ijo na tarbarita laho marwisata keluarga.Bidangna hira-hira 3 hektar, porlak on dipungui dohot inganan parmeaman ni dakdanak, lintasan ni jogging dohot pansa partunjukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Travel (16 April 2023). [https://travel.indozone.id/news/951272049/taman-beringin-ruang-terbuka-hijau-di-medan-pas-jadi-tempat-nongkrong-bareng-keluarga Taman Beringin, Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Medan pas Jadi Tempat Nongkrong Bareng Keluarga]portal indozone.id diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Ditanda dohot suasana na lamo jala uli ala ni angka hau na rindang, Porlak Beringin pe adong do pancur na maroperasi di tingki sore. Porak on jotjot ipake tu ulaon abahan dohot konser, mambaenna gabe inganan na marsinondang dohot sonang idalani. Ditanda do suasana na lamo jala uli ala ni angka hau na rindang, Di Porlak Beringin pe adong aek pancur na maroperasi di tingki sore.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Pilar Merdeka (23 Februari 2024).[https://pilarmerdeka.com/wisata-dan-rekreasi-ke-taman-beringin/ Wisata dan Rekreasi ke Taman Beringin] portal pilarmerdeka.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;detik news (11 Maret 2017).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241203090956/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3444411/menikmati-asrinya-taman-beringin-di-kota-medan Menikmati Asrinya Taman Beringin di Kota Medan]portal detik.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ulaon ==
Porlak Beringin jotjot do inganan ni ragam ulaon na hoding, tarmasuk ma i:

* Pesta Abahan: Na patuduhon seni dohot abahan lokal.
* Konser Musik: Dipatupa marragam artis, jotjot dipatupa di akhir pekan.
* Patuduhon Seni : Tarmasuk ma i teater, manortor, dohot seni patuduhon na asing.
* Ulaon Parpunguan: Ulaon na mangalibathon natorop di san, songon pesta manang parlombaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Teritorial 24 (30 Agustus 2024).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241204003551/https://www.teritorial24.com/pariwisata-dan-travelling/29550883/ada-di-kota-medan-ini-dia-taman-beringin-tempat-wisata-gratis-favorit-keluarga Ada di Kota Medan, Ini Dia Taman Beringin Tempat Wisata Gratis Favorit Keluarga]portal teritorial24.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pasilitas ==
Porlak Beringin paradehon marmansam pasilitas olahraga na mangolophon siulaon partandang, i ma:

* Adaran Olahraga: Inganan laho marmeam marragam olahraga.
* Lintasan Jogging: Lintas na hoding laho marlojong 
* Inganan Parmeaman Dakdanak: Inganan na dame tu angka dakdanak, na manjujui nasida asa marsitutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Porlak Beringin adong inganan parmeaman ni dakdanak na cukup manarik. Pasilitas on dipungui dohot ragam ni ulaula parmeaman songon ayunan, perosotan dohot jungkat-jungkit, na dibahen laho mangalehon bitik marmeam na dame jala tabo tu angka dakdanak.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Alai, adong do pigapiga laporan na so denggan inganan parmeaman i, adong do pigapiga ulaula na hurang manang na sega.&lt;ref&gt;Detik Sumut (2 November 2023).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241202225521/https://www.detik.com/sumut/berita/d-7015348/area-bermain-anak-di-taman-beringin-medan-tak-layak-banyak-yang-raib Area Bermain Anak di Taman Beringin Medan Tak Layak-Banyak yang Raib] portal detik.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Nang pe songon i, porlak i tongtong do gabe pinilitan na dihalomohon keluarga laho marekreasi dohot marmeam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Aek Pancur ==
Di porlak on adong aek pancur, haadongon aek pancur di porlak on marpungsi ansiat pistik pokus ni porlak jala gabe gogo tarik na lopok. Aek pancur on marpungsi sian potang sahat tu botari, mambahen suasana na tabo tu angka partandang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Analisa daily (22 Agustus 2015).[https://analisadaily.com/berita/arsip/2015/8/22/163477/mengenal-arsitektur-lansekap-taman-kota-medan/ Mengenal Arsitektur Lansekap Taman Kota Medan]portal analisadaily.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Alai, ndang adong dope hatorangan na masa nuaeng taringot tu haadongon manang pemeliharaan ni mual i, alai hadirionna tong do dodophon ringkot laho mangurangi pencemaran dohot mangaleho haulion visual di porlak i.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Aek Pancur di Porlak Beringin dang holan marfungsi gabe unsur hajengesan, ale puna lapatan simbolis. Songon bagian ni porlak na dihaliangi angka hau beringin, mual i manggombarhon hangoluan, borgoln dohot parpunguan. Aek na mabaor boi do diartihon songon simbol ni panghirimon dohot keberlanjutan, mambahen suasana na manobonoboi tu angka partandang. Asing ni i, mual i jotjot do gabe pusok anture di ragam ni ulaon budaya dohot sosial na dipatupa di porlak i, manambai nilai na ringkot di bagas interaksi natorop dohot sosial di Medan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Busurnusa (28 Desember 2023).[https://www.busurnusa.com/ragam/93711335156/taman-beringin-medan-destinasi-wisata-gratis-yang-asri-dan-instagramable Taman Beringin Medan, Destinasi Wisata Gratis yang Asri dan Instagramable]busurnusa.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Pardalanan ==
Asa sahat tu Porlak Beringin sian pusok kota Medan, boi do dipangke piga-piga pinilitan transportasi:

* Transportasi Umum: Naik bus umum songon Bus 10 manang K4M. Sian halte Simpang Mongonsidi – Patimura, holan porlu do mardalan pat hira-hira 1 menit tu taman i, gari sian halte Taman Beringin 2, jarakna hira-hira 14 menit mardalan pat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Kendaraan Pribadi: Boi do dipangke hamu aplikasi ride-hailing manang kendaraan pribadi jala mangihuthon rute tu dalan Teuku Cik Ditiro dohot falan Sudirman.

Porlak Beringin di Medan ndang pola dipangido hepenlaho bogot tu angka na ro.Porlak on boi diakses gratis, jadi partandang holan porlu manggarar biaya parkir kendaraan molo mamboan motor manang kareta. Mardongan suasana na uli dohot marragam pasilitas, porlak on gabe inganan rekreasi na dihalomohon keluarga dohot natorop disan.&lt;ref&gt;Time sumut (17 Maret 2024).[https://www.timesumut.com/wisata/105212179227/suasana-seru-di-taman-beringin-kota-medan-sumatera-utara-tempat-rekreasi-gratis-untuk-keluarga Suasana Seru di Taman Beringin Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara: Tempat Rekreasi Gratis untuk Keluarga]portal timesumut.com diakses pada 27 November 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Porlak Beringin on dibungka ganup ari sahat tu pukul 23.00 WIB. Boi do angka partandang mangatimi suasana porlak i sahat tu botari dang pola dipangido biaya tu bogot, holan biaya parkir kendaraan do na marlaku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pustaha ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>do0mluedivdq68jqogl0z0dggtkqstq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Aprika Dangsina</title>
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      <text bytes="23400" sha1="61p0nfhp3opgzorzj9pui4adbr2ault" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republik Aprika Dangsina|common_name=Aprika Dangsina|native_name={{collapsible list
| titlestyle = text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:86%;
| title = 10 hata ojak na asing&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite act |institution=Parliament of the Republic of South Africa |title=Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act |date=27 July 2023 |volume=697 |number=47665 |language=en, tn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Infobox
| subbox=yes
| bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;
| label1 = [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]:
| data1 = {{lang|af|Republik of South Africa}}
| rowclass1 = mergedrow
| label2 = [[Hata Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]:
| data2 = {{lang|af|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}}
| rowclass2 = mergedrow
| label3 = [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]:
| data3 = {{lang|zu|iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika}}
| rowclass3 = mergedrow
| label4 = [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]:
| data4 = {{lang|ss|iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika}}
| rowclass4 = mergedrow
| label5 = [[Hata Sotho Utara|Pedi]]:
| data5 = {{lang|nso|Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa}}
| rowclass5 = mergedrow
| label6 = [[Hata Sotho Dangsina|Sotho&amp;nbsp;Dangsina]]:
| data6 = {{lang|st|Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa}}
| rowclass6 = mergedrow
| label7 = [[Hata Tswana|Tswana]]:
| data7 = {{lang|tn|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa}}
| rowclass7 = mergedrow
| label8 = [[Hata Tsonga|Tsonga]]:
| data8 = {{lang|ts|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga}}
| rowclass8 = mergedrow
| label9 = [[Hata Swazi|Swati]]:
| data9 = {{lang|sw|iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika}}
| rowclass9 = mergedrow
| label10 = [[Hata Venda|Venda]]:
| data10 = {{lang|ve|Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe}}
| rowclass10 = mergedrow
| label11 = [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele Dangsina]]:
| data11 = {{lang|nr|iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika}}
| rowclass11 = mergedrow
| label12 =
| data12 =
| rowclass12 = mergedrow
}}
}}|image_flag=Flag of South Africa.svg|alt_flag=|flag2_border=|image_coat=Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|coa_size=75|alt_coat=|symbol_type=Partandaan ni botohon|national_motto=&quot;{{lang|xam|ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke}}&quot;&amp;nbsp;([[ǀXam language|ǀXam]])&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Hasadaon dibagasan keberagaman&quot;|national_anthem=&quot;[[Logu habangsoon ni Aprika Dangsina]]&quot; &lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;centre&quot;&gt;[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;|image_map={{Switcher|[[File:ZAF orthographic.svg|frameless]]|Show globe|
[[File:South Africa adm location map.svg|frameless]]|Show map of South Africa|default=1}}|map_caption=|image_map2=|capital={{unbulleted list|[[Pretoria]] (eksekutip)&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa at a glance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=South Africa at a glance |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|website=South African Government |access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163527/https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|[[Cape Town]] (legislatip)&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa at a glance&quot; /&gt;|[[Bloemfontein]] (judikatgip)&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa at a glance&quot; /&gt;}}|largest_city={{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|title=Principal Agglomerations of the World|publisher=City Population|access-date=30 October 2011|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225073559/http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}|population_density_km2=50.8|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_rank=169th|population_estimate={{increase}} 63.015.904&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |title=Census 2022 – Statistical Release |publisher=Government of South Africa |website=www.gov.za |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192129/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_census={{Increase}} 62.027.503&lt;ref name=&quot;Census-2022&quot; /&gt;|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=23rd|population_census_year=[[2022 South African census|2022]]|population_census_rank=23rd|official_languages='''[[Hata ni Aprika Dangsina|12 hata]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;constitution.1.6&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|title=The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|year=2013|edition=2013 English version|at=ch.&amp;nbsp;1, s.&amp;nbsp;6|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174423/https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament.gov.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language|title=The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language |website=Parliament of South Africa |date=3 May 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222131030/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-date= Dec 22, 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{plainlist|
* [[Hata Afrikaans]]
* [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele]]
* [[Hata Pedi|Sepedi]]
* [[Hata Sotho|Sesotho]]
* [[Hata Tswana|Setswana]]
* [[Hata sipaboana ni Aprika Dangsina]]
* [[Hata Swazi|Swazi]]
* [[Hata Venda|Tshivenda]]
* [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]
* [[Hata Tsonga|Xitsonga]]
* [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]
}}
{{collapsible list
| titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:100%;&lt;!--size of [show]/[hide] link--&gt;
| liststyle = text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;
| title=Hatahata na marstatus khusus&lt;ref name=&quot;constitution.1.6&quot;/&gt;|[[Hatahata Khoe]]| [[Hata Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]]|[[Hatahata Khoisan]]|[[Hata Jerman|Jerman]]|[[Hata Junani|Junani]]|[[Hata Gujarati|Gujarati]]|[[Hata Hindi|Hindi]]|[[Hata Portugis|Portugis]]|[[Hata Telugu|Telugu]]|[[Hata Tamil|Tamil]]|[[Hata Urdu|Urdu]]|[[Hata Arab|Arab]]|[[Hata Heber|Heber]]|[[Hata Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]
}}|regional_languages=|languages2_type=|languages2=|ethnic_groups_year=2022&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitchley&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mitchley |first=Alex |title=SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011171333/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
 | {{nowrap|81.4% [[Halak Bantu di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit birong]]}}
 | 8.2% [[Halak sampuran|Sampuran]]
 | 7.3% [[Halak Eropa di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit bontar]]
 | 2.7% [[Halak India di Aprika Dangsina|India]] manang [[Halak Asia di Aprika Dangsina|Asia]]
| 0.4% other
}}|religion={{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap;
 |85.3% [[Kristen di Aprika Dangsina|Kristen]]
 |7.8% [[Ugamo Tradisional sian Aprika|Ugamo tradisional]]
 |3.1% [[Halak na so marugamo di Aprika Dangsina|na so marugamo]]
 |1.6% [[Silom di Aprika Dangsina|Silom]]
 |1.1% [[Hindu di Aprika Dangsina|Hindu]]
 |1.1% other}}|religion_year=2022|religion_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2022 census3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Statistical Release - Census 2022 |url=https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=statssa.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demonym={{hlist|[[Demographics of South Africa|South African]]}}|government_type=Unitary [[Parliamentary republics with an executive president|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]|leader_title1=[[Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Presiden]]|leader_name1=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|leader_title2=[[Uakil Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Uakil Presiden]]|leader_name2=[[Paul Mashatile]]
|legislature=[[Parlemen ni Aprika Dangsina|Parlemen]]|upper_house=[[Deuan Nasional Propinsi]]|lower_house=[[Majelis Nasional Aprika Dangsina|Majelis Nasional]]|sovereignty_type=Haluaon|sovereignty_note={{nowrap|sian [[Britania Godang]]}}|established_event1=[[Uni Aprika Dangsina]]|established_date1=31 Mei 1910|established_event2=[[Statuta Westminster 1931|Statuta Westminster]]|established_date2=11 Desember 1931|established_event3=[[Reperendum Republik ni Aprika Dangsina 1960|Republik]]|established_date3=31 Mei 1961|established_event4=[[Konstitusi ni Aprika Dangsina|Konstitusi na nuaeng]]|established_date4=4 Pebruari 1997|area_km2=1.221.037|area_footnote=|area_rank=24th|area_sq_mi=471,443|percent_water=0,380|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $1,030 triliun&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416232751/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=199,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2022&amp;ey=2029&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2025|GDP_PPP_rank=33rd|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $16.010&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;/&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=107th|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $418.05 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;/&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2025|GDP_nominal_rank=40th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{increase}} $6,520&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;/&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=108th|Gini=63.0 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2014|Gini_change=decrease|Gini_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529083011/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=&lt;!-- 2nd --&gt;&lt;!-- hid rank as source not clear --&gt;|HDI=0.741 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|HDI_year=2023&lt;!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year.--&gt;|HDI_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=106th|currency=[[Rand Aprika Dangsina]]|currency_code=ZAR|time_zone=[[Tingki Standar Aprika Dangsina|SAST]]|utc_offset=+2|utc_offset_DST=|DST_note=|time_zone_DST=|antipodes=|date_format=* yyyy/mm/dd&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for en-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816213516/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* yyyy-mm-dd&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for af-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505092248/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|drives_on=left|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|+27]]|iso3166code=ZA|cctld=[[.za]]|today=}}
'''Aprika Dangsina''', goar na ojak '''Republik Aprika Dangsina''', i ma sada nagara na adong di [[Aprika]], i ma di region [[Aprika Dangsina (region)|Aprika Dangsina]]. Nagara on puna [[gurat pasir]] {{Convert|2798|km|mi}} na marbalokkon [[Propinsi ni Aprika Dangsina|sia propinsina]] dohot [[Samudora Atlantik]] huhut [[Samudora Hindia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.samsa.org.za/|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=29 Desember 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|website=The World Factbook|title=Coastline|publisher=CIA|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=16 Juli 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;safacts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|title=South Africa Fast Facts|publisher=SouthAfrica.info|date=April 2007|access-date=14 Juni 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|archive-date=19 Juli 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagara on marbalok dohot [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]&lt;!-- manang Botsuana --&gt;, huhut [[Simbabue]] di utarana; [[Mosambik]] dohot [[Eswatini]] di purbana; jala [[Lesotho|Lesotho&lt;!-- manang Lesoto --&gt;]] (i ma sada [[enklap]]) di bagasanna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=|title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&amp;nbsp;– Britannica Online Encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615085933/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337131/Lesotho-Year-In-Review-1996|archive-date=15 Juni 2013|access-date=30 Oktober 2011|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bidang ni nagara on i ma {{Convert|1221037|km2|mi2}}, jala godang ni [[Demograpi ni Aprika Dangsina|pangisina]] lobi sian 64 juta halak. [[Pretoria]] i ma huta sabungan administratipna, sementara [[Cape Town]] dohot [[Bloemfontein]] ganup sian nasida i ma huta sabungan ni legislatip dohot judikatip.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marais Twala 2020 pp. 49–62&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Marais|first1=Lochner|last2=Twala|first2=Chitja|title=Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital|journal=African Geographical Review|publisher=Informa UK Limited|volume=40|issue=1|date=2020-05-07|issn=1937-6812|doi=10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901|pages=49–62|s2cid=218929562}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kota-kota na umbalga di nagara on i ma [[Johannesburg]], [[Cape Town]], huhut [[Durban]].

[[Anggunanggun ni hajolmaon|Panomuan arkeologi]]&lt;!-- Nomu = Temu (id) -&gt; Panomuan = Penemuan (?) --&gt; patuduhon marragam spesies hominid nunga adong di Aprika Dangsina hira-hira 2,5 juta taon naung salpu, jala jolma moderen mangingani luat i lobi sian 100.000 taon naung salpu. Pangisi na parjolo mangingani luat i ma [[Halak Khoisan]], na dung i diihuton dohot haadongon [[Halak Bantu|Halak na marhata Bantu]] na harororanna sian Aprika Hasundutan dohot Tonga hira-hira 2.000 sahat tu 1.000 taon naung salpu. Bangso Eropa parjolo sahali mananda ujung na paling dangsina Aprika di taon 1488, tingki singga si [[Bartolomeu Dias]] di [[Tanjung Panghirimon na Denggan]]. Taon 1652, Bolanda mambahen [[Koloni Tanjung ni Bolanda|koloni na parjolo]] di Aprika Dangsina, jala di taon 1795 dohot 1806, digomgomi Inggeris ma i. Di tingki i, masa ma masa gejolak na digoari Mfecane mambaen marragam harajaon di Aprika, padohot [[Harajaon Zulu]]. Dung i, lam dijajah ma luat i, jala mulai sian na [[Repolusi Mineral|jumpang]] berlian dohot sere, luat on mandalani proses industrialisasi dohot urbanisasi. Dung [[Porang Boer Paduahon]], ditompa ma [[Uni Aprika Dangsina]] di taon 1910, dung mardomu [[koloni Tanjung]], [[koloni Natal]], [[koloni Transvaal]], dohot [[koloni Sunge Oranje]]. Uni on gabe nagara [[republik]] di taon 1961. Anggo sistem tohap tu mamillit ni ragam ras hea adong i koloni Tanjung, alai lambat-lambat do i tergerus, jala godangan halak Aprika Dangsina na marlingkit birong ndang [[Tohap tu mamillit|dijalo mamillit]] sahat tu taon 1994.

[[Partai Nasional (Aprika Dangsina)|Partai Nasional]] patandahon [[aparteid]] di taon 1948 na mangojakhon [[bolatbolat ni ras]]. Dung parjuangan mangalo aparteid ni [[Kongres Nasional Aprika]] dohot aktipis na asing sian di bagas huhut ruar nagari, marragam uhum na mambahen diskriminasi buhai disengsang di parsitongaan ni taon 1980-an. Pamillitan umum na tarbuka tu sude ras masa di taon 1994.

Natorop ni Aprika Dangsina mangangkupi ragam ni [[Ugari ni Aprika Dangsina|ugari]], [[Hata di Aprika Dangsina|hata]], dohot [[Ugamo di Aprika Dangsina|ugamo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|title=Rainbow Nation – dream or reality?|access-date=10 August 2013|work=BBC News|date=18 July 2008|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908141212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagara on ditanda songon [[Hagogoon parsitongaan|nagara hagogoon parsitongaan]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;angkup mangarihon panghorhon regionalna na signipikan. Aprika Dangsina pe marruas di punguan internasional, tudosna [[BRICS|BRICS+]], [[Uni Aprika]], [[Punguan Pembangunan Aprika Dangsina|SADC]], [[Persemakmuran Bangso-Bangso]], dohot [[G20]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Andrew F|last2=Antkiewicz|first2=Agata|last3=Shaw|first3=Timothy M|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=[[International Studies Review]]|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|issn=1468-2486}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lynch2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=David A.|last=Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&amp;pg=PA51|access-date=25 August 2013|year=2010|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is currently the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid, when it was ostracised from the rest of the world.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173913/http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&amp;pg=PA51|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songon [[nagara na markembang]] dohot marindustri, adong do Aprika Dangsina ekonomi na targodang di Aprika mangihuthon nominal ni PDB,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|title=South Africa|publisher=World Bank|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=1 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101050034/http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Waugh2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=David|last=Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|access-date=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173925/http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; marugasan [[Daptar Situs Siteanon ni Portibi di Aprika|Situs Siteanon ni Portibi UNESCO]] na umbalga di Aprika,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&amp;order=region|title=World Heritage List|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=16 Agustus 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; jala i ma [[luat haanekaragamon hangoluan]] dohot [[bioma]], suan-suanan, dohot binatang na unik. Sian na marujung i aparteid, partanggungjawaban&lt;!-- kurang tahu apa padanannya dari pertanggungjawaban --&gt;panggomgoman dohot [[kualitas ni ngolu]] nunga lam tamba godang tu pangisi ni nagara na so marlingkit bontar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lieberman|first=Evan|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|title=Until We Have Won Our Liberty|date=2022|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20300-3|language=en|access-date=25 Nopember 2021|archive-date=24 Nopember 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124200625/https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alai, [[Kriminalitas di Aprika Dangsina|kriminalitas]], pandoboon, [[Hapogoson di Aprika Dangsina|hapogoson]], dohot hatealon sosial tongtong do rarat. Di taon 2024, hira-hira 32% sian pangisi i ndang adong markarejo ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|title=Unemployment, total (% of labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172607/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=12 November 2024|title=Statistics South Africa on official unemployment rate in third quarter of 2024|url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/statistics-south-africa-official-unemployment-rate-third-quarter-2024-12-nov|website=South African Government|access-date=10 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; sementara hira-hira 56% mangolu di toru ni gurat hapogoson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731094656/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbank-poverty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|title=&quot;World Bank&quot; : South Africa|accessdate=7 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193850/https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Koefisien Gini]] na paling ginjang di Aprika Dangsina i ma 0,63, jadi dianggap do i songon salah satu nagara na marhatealon ekonomi na tumimbo di portibi on.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&amp;most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=2024-04-04|website=World Bank Open Data|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&amp;most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Francis|first1=David|last2=Webster|first2=Edward|date=2019-11-02|title=Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|journal=Development Southern Africa|language=en|volume=36|issue=6|pages=788–802|doi=10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|issn=0376-835X|access-date=4 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pustaha==
{{reflist}}

[[Horong:Nagara]]
[[Horong:Aprika]]</text>
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| titlestyle = text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:86%;
| title = 10 hata ojak na asing&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite act |institution=Parliament of the Republic of South Africa |title=Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act |date=27 July 2023 |volume=697 |number=47665 |language=en, tn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Infobox
| subbox=yes
| bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;
| label1 = [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]:
| data1 = {{lang|af|Republik of South Africa}}
| rowclass1 = mergedrow
| label2 = [[Hata Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]:
| data2 = {{lang|af|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}}
| rowclass2 = mergedrow
| label3 = [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]:
| data3 = {{lang|zu|iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika}}
| rowclass3 = mergedrow
| label4 = [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]:
| data4 = {{lang|ss|iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika}}
| rowclass4 = mergedrow
| label5 = [[Hata Sotho Utara|Pedi]]:
| data5 = {{lang|nso|Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa}}
| rowclass5 = mergedrow
| label6 = [[Hata Sotho Dangsina|Sotho&amp;nbsp;Dangsina]]:
| data6 = {{lang|st|Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa}}
| rowclass6 = mergedrow
| label7 = [[Hata Tswana|Tswana]]:
| data7 = {{lang|tn|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa}}
| rowclass7 = mergedrow
| label8 = [[Hata Tsonga|Tsonga]]:
| data8 = {{lang|ts|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga}}
| rowclass8 = mergedrow
| label9 = [[Hata Swazi|Swati]]:
| data9 = {{lang|sw|iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika}}
| rowclass9 = mergedrow
| label10 = [[Hata Venda|Venda]]:
| data10 = {{lang|ve|Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe}}
| rowclass10 = mergedrow
| label11 = [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele Dangsina]]:
| data11 = {{lang|nr|iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika}}
| rowclass11 = mergedrow
| label12 =
| data12 =
| rowclass12 = mergedrow
}}
}}|image_flag=Flag of South Africa.svg|alt_flag=|flag2_border=|image_coat=Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|coa_size=75|alt_coat=|symbol_type=Partandaan ni botohon|national_motto=&quot;{{lang|xam|ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke}}&quot;&amp;nbsp;([[ǀXam language|ǀXam]])&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Hasadaon dibagasan keberagaman&quot;|national_anthem=&quot;[[Logu habangsoon ni Aprika Dangsina]]&quot; &lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;centre&quot;&gt;[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;|image_map={{Switcher|[[File:ZAF orthographic.svg|frameless]]|Show globe|
[[File:South Africa adm location map.svg|frameless]]|Show map of South Africa|default=1}}|map_caption=|image_map2=|capital={{unbulleted list|[[Pretoria]] (eksekutip)&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa at a glance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=South Africa at a glance |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|website=South African Government |access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163527/https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|[[Cape Town]] (legislatip)&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa at a glance&quot; /&gt;|[[Bloemfontein]] (judikatgip)&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa at a glance&quot; /&gt;}}|largest_city={{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|title=Principal Agglomerations of the World|publisher=City Population|access-date=30 October 2011|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225073559/http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}|population_density_km2=50.8|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_rank=169th|population_estimate={{increase}} 63.015.904&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |title=Census 2022 – Statistical Release |publisher=Government of South Africa |website=www.gov.za |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192129/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_census={{Increase}} 62.027.503&lt;ref name=&quot;Census-2022&quot; /&gt;|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=23rd|population_census_year=[[2022 South African census|2022]]|population_census_rank=23rd|official_languages='''[[Hata ni Aprika Dangsina|12 hata]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;constitution.1.6&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|title=The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|year=2013|edition=2013 English version|at=ch.&amp;nbsp;1, s.&amp;nbsp;6|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174423/https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament.gov.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language|title=The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language |website=Parliament of South Africa |date=3 May 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222131030/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-date= Dec 22, 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{plainlist|
* [[Hata Afrikaans]]
* [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele]]
* [[Hata Pedi|Sepedi]]
* [[Hata Sotho|Sesotho]]
* [[Hata Tswana|Setswana]]
* [[Hata sipaboana ni Aprika Dangsina]]
* [[Hata Swazi|Swazi]]
* [[Hata Venda|Tshivenda]]
* [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]
* [[Hata Tsonga|Xitsonga]]
* [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]
}}
{{collapsible list
| titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:100%;&lt;!--size of [show]/[hide] link--&gt;
| liststyle = text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;
| title=Hatahata na marstatus khusus&lt;ref name=&quot;constitution.1.6&quot;/&gt;|[[Hatahata Khoe]]| [[Hata Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]]|[[Hatahata Khoisan]]|[[Hata Jerman|Jerman]]|[[Hata Junani|Junani]]|[[Hata Gujarati|Gujarati]]|[[Hata Hindi|Hindi]]|[[Hata Portugis|Portugis]]|[[Hata Telugu|Telugu]]|[[Hata Tamil|Tamil]]|[[Hata Urdu|Urdu]]|[[Hata Arab|Arab]]|[[Hata Heber|Heber]]|[[Hata Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]
}}|regional_languages=|languages2_type=|languages2=|ethnic_groups_year=2022&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitchley&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mitchley |first=Alex |title=SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011171333/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
 | {{nowrap|81.4% [[Halak Bantu di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit birong]]}}
 | 8.2% [[Halak sampuran|Sampuran]]
 | 7.3% [[Halak Eropa di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit bontar]]
 | 2.7% [[Halak India di Aprika Dangsina|India]] manang [[Halak Asia di Aprika Dangsina|Asia]]
| 0.4% other
}}|religion={{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap;
 |85.3% [[Kristen di Aprika Dangsina|Kristen]]
 |7.8% [[Ugamo Tradisional sian Aprika|Ugamo tradisional]]
 |3.1% [[Halak na so marugamo di Aprika Dangsina|na so marugamo]]
 |1.6% [[Silom di Aprika Dangsina|Silom]]
 |1.1% [[Hindu di Aprika Dangsina|Hindu]]
 |1.1% other}}|religion_year=2022|religion_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2022 census3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Statistical Release - Census 2022 |url=https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=statssa.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demonym={{hlist|[[Demographics of South Africa|South African]]}}|government_type=Unitary [[Parliamentary republics with an executive president|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]|leader_title1=[[Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Presiden]]|leader_name1=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|leader_title2=[[Uakil Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Uakil Presiden]]|leader_name2=[[Paul Mashatile]]
|legislature=[[Parlemen ni Aprika Dangsina|Parlemen]]|upper_house=[[Deuan Nasional Propinsi]]|lower_house=[[Majelis Nasional Aprika Dangsina|Majelis Nasional]]|sovereignty_type=Haluaon|sovereignty_note={{nowrap|sian [[Britania Godang]]}}|established_event1=[[Uni Aprika Dangsina]]|established_date1=31 Mei 1910|established_event2=[[Statuta Westminster 1931|Statuta Westminster]]|established_date2=11 Desember 1931|established_event3=[[Reperendum Republik ni Aprika Dangsina 1960|Republik]]|established_date3=31 Mei 1961|established_event4=[[Konstitusi ni Aprika Dangsina|Konstitusi na nuaeng]]|established_date4=4 Pebruari 1997|area_km2=1.221.037|area_footnote=|area_rank=24th|area_sq_mi=471,443|percent_water=0,380|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $1,030 triliun&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416232751/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=199,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2022&amp;ey=2029&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2025|GDP_PPP_rank=33rd|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $16.010&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;/&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=107th|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $418.05 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;/&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2025|GDP_nominal_rank=40th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{increase}} $6,520&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ZA&quot;/&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=108th|Gini=63.0 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2014|Gini_change=decrease|Gini_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529083011/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=&lt;!-- 2nd --&gt;&lt;!-- hid rank as source not clear --&gt;|HDI=0.741 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|HDI_year=2023&lt;!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year.--&gt;|HDI_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=106th|currency=[[Rand Aprika Dangsina]]|currency_code=ZAR|time_zone=[[Tingki Standar Aprika Dangsina|SAST]]|utc_offset=+2|utc_offset_DST=|DST_note=|time_zone_DST=|antipodes=|date_format=* yyyy/mm/dd&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for en-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816213516/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* yyyy-mm-dd&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for af-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505092248/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|drives_on=left|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|+27]]|iso3166code=ZA|cctld=[[.za]]|today=}}
'''Aprika Dangsina''', goar na ojak '''Republik Aprika Dangsina''', i ma sada nagara na adong di [[Aprika]], i ma di region [[Aprika Dangsina (region)|Aprika Dangsina]]. Adong do di nagara i [[gurat pasir]] {{Convert|2798|km|mi}} na marbalokkon [[Propinsi ni Aprika Dangsina|sia propinsina]] dohot [[Samudora Atlantik]] huhut [[Samudora Hindia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.samsa.org.za/|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=29 Desember 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|website=The World Factbook|title=Coastline|publisher=CIA|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=16 Juli 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;safacts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|title=South Africa Fast Facts|publisher=SouthAfrica.info|date=April 2007|access-date=14 Juni 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|archive-date=19 Juli 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagara on marbalok dohot [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]&lt;!-- manang Botsuana --&gt;, huhut [[Simbabue]] di utarana; [[Mosambik]] dohot [[Eswatini]] di purbana; jala [[Lesotho|Lesotho&lt;!-- manang Lesoto --&gt;]] (i ma sada [[enklap]]) di bagasanna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=|title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&amp;nbsp;– Britannica Online Encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615085933/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337131/Lesotho-Year-In-Review-1996|archive-date=15 Juni 2013|access-date=30 Oktober 2011|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bidang ni nagara on i ma {{Convert|1221037|km2|mi2}}, jala godang ni [[Demograpi ni Aprika Dangsina|pangisina]] lobi sian 64 juta halak. [[Pretoria]] i ma huta sabungan administratipna, sementara [[Cape Town]] dohot [[Bloemfontein]] ganup sian nasida i ma huta sabungan ni legislatip dohot judikatip.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marais Twala 2020 pp. 49–62&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Marais|first1=Lochner|last2=Twala|first2=Chitja|title=Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital|journal=African Geographical Review|publisher=Informa UK Limited|volume=40|issue=1|date=2020-05-07|issn=1937-6812|doi=10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901|pages=49–62|s2cid=218929562}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kota-kota na umbalga di nagara on i ma [[Johannesburg]], [[Cape Town]], huhut [[Durban]].

[[Anggunanggun ni hajolmaon|Panomuan arkeologi]]&lt;!-- Nomu = Temu (id) -&gt; Panomuan = Penemuan (?) --&gt; patuduhon marragam spesies hominid nunga adong di Aprika Dangsina hira-hira 2,5 juta taon naung salpu, jala jolma moderen mangingani luat i lobi sian 100.000 taon naung salpu. Pangisi na parjolo mangingani luat i ma [[Halak Khoisan]], na dung i diihuton dohot haadongon [[Halak Bantu|Halak na marhata Bantu]] na harororanna sian Aprika Hasundutan dohot Tonga hira-hira 2.000 sahat tu 1.000 taon naung salpu. Bangso Eropa parjolo sahali mananda ujung na paling dangsina Aprika di taon 1488, tingki singga si [[Bartolomeu Dias]] di [[Tanjung Panghirimon na Denggan]]. Taon 1652, Bolanda mambahen [[Koloni Tanjung ni Bolanda|koloni na parjolo]] di Aprika Dangsina, jala di taon 1795 dohot 1806, digomgomi Inggeris ma i. Di tingki i, masa ma masa gejolak na digoari Mfecane mambaen marragam harajaon di Aprika, padohot [[Harajaon Zulu]]. Dung i, lam dijajah ma luat i, jala mulai sian na [[Repolusi Mineral|jumpang]] berlian dohot sere, luat on mandalani proses industrialisasi dohot urbanisasi. Dung [[Porang Boer Paduahon]], ditompa ma [[Uni Aprika Dangsina]] di taon 1910, dung mardomu [[koloni Tanjung]], [[koloni Natal]], [[koloni Transvaal]], dohot [[koloni Sunge Oranje]]. Uni on gabe nagara [[republik]] di taon 1961. Anggo sistem tohap tu mamillit ni ragam ras hea adong i koloni Tanjung, alai lambat-lambat do i tergerus, jala godangan halak Aprika Dangsina na marlingkit birong ndang [[Tohap tu mamillit|dijalo mamillit]] sahat tu taon 1994.

[[Partai Nasional (Aprika Dangsina)|Partai Nasional]] patandahon [[aparteid]] di taon 1948 na mangojakhon [[bolatbolat ni ras]]. Dung parjuangan mangalo aparteid ni [[Kongres Nasional Aprika]] dohot aktipis na asing sian di bagas huhut ruar nagari, marragam uhum na mambahen diskriminasi buhai disengsang di parsitongaan ni taon 1980-an. Pamillitan umum na tarbuka tu sude ras masa di taon 1994.

Natorop ni Aprika Dangsina mangangkupi ragam ni [[Ugari ni Aprika Dangsina|ugari]], [[Hata di Aprika Dangsina|hata]], dohot [[Ugamo di Aprika Dangsina|ugamo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|title=Rainbow Nation – dream or reality?|access-date=10 August 2013|work=BBC News|date=18 July 2008|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908141212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagara on ditanda songon [[Hagogoon parsitongaan|nagara hagogoon parsitongaan]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;angkup mangarihon panghorhon regionalna na signipikan. Aprika Dangsina pe marruas di punguan internasional, tudosna [[BRICS|BRICS+]], [[Uni Aprika]], [[Punguan Pembangunan Aprika Dangsina|SADC]], [[Persemakmuran Bangso-Bangso]], dohot [[G20]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Andrew F|last2=Antkiewicz|first2=Agata|last3=Shaw|first3=Timothy M|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=[[International Studies Review]]|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|issn=1468-2486}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lynch2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=David A.|last=Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&amp;pg=PA51|access-date=25 August 2013|year=2010|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is currently the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid, when it was ostracised from the rest of the world.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173913/http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&amp;pg=PA51|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songon [[nagara na markembang]] dohot marindustri, adong do Aprika Dangsina ekonomi na targodang di Aprika mangihuthon nominal ni PDB,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|title=South Africa|publisher=World Bank|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=1 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101050034/http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Waugh2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=David|last=Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|access-date=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173925/http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; marugasan [[Daptar Situs Siteanon ni Portibi di Aprika|Situs Siteanon ni Portibi UNESCO]] na umbalga di Aprika,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&amp;order=region|title=World Heritage List|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=16 Agustus 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; jala i ma [[luat haanekaragamon hangoluan]] dohot [[bioma]], suan-suanan, dohot binatang na unik. Sian na marujung i aparteid, partanggungjawaban&lt;!-- kurang tahu apa padanannya dari pertanggungjawaban --&gt;panggomgoman dohot [[kualitas ni ngolu]] nunga lam tamba godang tu pangisi ni nagara na so marlingkit bontar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lieberman|first=Evan|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|title=Until We Have Won Our Liberty|date=2022|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20300-3|language=en|access-date=25 Nopember 2021|archive-date=24 Nopember 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124200625/https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alai, [[Kriminalitas di Aprika Dangsina|kriminalitas]], pandoboon, [[Hapogoson di Aprika Dangsina|hapogoson]], dohot hatealon sosial tongtong do rarat. Di taon 2024, hira-hira 32% sian pangisi i ndang adong markarejo ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|title=Unemployment, total (% of labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172607/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=12 November 2024|title=Statistics South Africa on official unemployment rate in third quarter of 2024|url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/statistics-south-africa-official-unemployment-rate-third-quarter-2024-12-nov|website=South African Government|access-date=10 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; sementara hira-hira 56% mangolu di toru ni gurat hapogoson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731094656/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbank-poverty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|title=&quot;World Bank&quot; : South Africa|accessdate=7 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193850/https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Koefisien Gini]] na paling ginjang di Aprika Dangsina i ma 0,63, jadi dianggap do i songon salah satu nagara na marhatealon ekonomi na tumimbo di portibi on.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&amp;most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=2024-04-04|website=World Bank Open Data|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&amp;most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Francis|first1=David|last2=Webster|first2=Edward|date=2019-11-02|title=Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|journal=Development Southern Africa|language=en|volume=36|issue=6|pages=788–802|doi=10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|issn=0376-835X|access-date=4 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pustaha==
{{reflist}}

[[Horong:Nagara]]
[[Horong:Aprika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jolma</title>
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[[File:Akha cropped hires.JPG|thumb|Jolma [[baoa]] (hambirang) dohot [[borua]] (siamun) natoras sian [[Halak Akha]] di [[Thailand]] utara. Na baoa i do na mamboan batang ni suan-suanan [[pisang]], na laho lehononna tu [[babi]] nasida.]]
&lt;!--Ndang adong templatna
{{speciesbox
| authority = [[Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|0.3|0}} [[Chibanian]] – [[Holocene|present]]
| image = Akha cropped hires.JPG
| image_caption = [[Male]] (left) and [[female]] (right) [[adult]] humans of the [[Akha people]] in northern [[Thailand]]. The male is carrying the stem of a [[Musa (genus)|banana-plant]], which will be fed to their [[pigs]].
| image2 = Crying newborn baby.ogg
| image2_caption = Audio of a newborn [[baby]] crying, the most universally produced human vocal signal
| name = Human
| range_map = World Population Density Map 2020.png
| range_map_caption = ''Homo sapiens'' population density (2020)
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Global Mammal Assessment |year=2008 |title=''Homo sapiens'' |volume=2008 |article-number=e.T136584A4313662 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en |access-date=8 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| taxon = Homo sapiens
}}--&gt;
'''Jolma''' manang '''manisia''' ('''''Homo sapiens'''''; Hata Indonesia: ''Manusia'') i ma sada sian [[spesies]] [[primata]] na gumondang lonsamna jala tarserak di sandok portibi. Jolma ditanda marhite kemampuanna [[bipedalisme|mardalan denggal]], ndang marimbulu, jala utok na balga huhut kompleks na mambahen boi pangambangon [[abahan]], [[hata]], dohot [[tehnologi]] na sanggih. Jolma i ma namanggulmit na mansai sosial. Nasida sundung mangolu di [[struktur sosial]] na kompleks na tardiri sian godang punguan na rap mangula jala marsiadu, mulai sian [[tondong]] dohot [[patuturan]] huhut [[nagara]] politik. [[Interaksi sosial]] antar jolma nunga manumpa marragam nilai, [[paradaton (sosiologi)|paradaton sosial]], dohot [[ritual]] na margogogihon [[natorop]] ni jolma. [[Hagioton mamboto]] ni jolma laho mangantusi dohot manghorhon humaliangna nunga mangonjar pangambangon ni [[risa]], [[ugamo]], [[mitologi]], dohot bidang [[parbinotoan]] na asing.

Jolma mampuna [[korteks prefrontal]], i ma bagian sian utok na mardomu tu [[kognisi]] tingkat na tumimbo, na balga jala na mansai marhambang. Nasida i ma namanggulmit na pistar, boi [[memori episodik|mangingot angka na masa]], boi manuduhon [[ekspresi ni bohi]] na fleksibel, manampuna [[hasunggulon diri]], jala boi manuduhon [[teori ni pingkiran]]. Bisuk ni jolma boi mangulahon [[introspeksi]], mambahen [[pingkiran]] pribadina, [[anganangan|maranganangan]], mambahen [[harohaon]], dohot manumpa pandapotna mandok [[eksistensi]]. Marondolan tu son, hamajuon tehnologi boi masa marhite [[panalaran]] dohot transmisi parbinotoan tu angka sundut na mangihut.

Jolma i ma binatang [[omnivora]], na boi manganhon ragam ni suansuanan dohot binatang. Jolma do pe boi mamangke [[api]] laho mangarade dohot [[mangalompa]] sipanganon mulai sian tingki ni ''[[Homo erectus]]''. Boi do nasida mangolu sahat tu ualu minggu molo ndang mangan jala tolu manang opat ari molo ndang inum aek. Umumna jolma i aktip di tonga ari ([[diurnal]]) jala modom rata-rata pitu sahat tu sambilan jom sadari. Marmara do [[parsorang ni dakdanak]] ni jolma, godang do resiko ni komplikasi dohot hamatean na diadopi ni inanta dohot anakna. Somalna, ina dohot ama do na mangaradoti dakdanak ni jolma na so margogo i di tingki tubuna.

[[Gen]] dohot [[humaliang (biopisik)|humaliangna]] boi manghorhon [[Variabilitas ni jolma|variasi biologis ni jolma]] taringot tu [[penampilan pisik ni jolma|penampilanna]], [[pisiologi]]na, [[sistim imun]]itasna, [[Hamaloon ni jolma|hamaloon mentalna]], [[Timbo pamatang ni jolma|ungkuran pamatangna]], dohot [[Aropan ngolu|umurna]]. Nang pe marragam parange ni jolma, alai dua jolma rata-ratana marbagi lobi sian 99% hadoson genetik, dohot populasi na paling marragam genetikna i ma na ro sian [[Aprika]]. Tingkat variasi genetik na umbalga tardapot di antara baoa dohot borua. Rata-rata, baoa do na gumodang [[hagogoon pisik|gogo pamatangna]], jala borua umumna gumodang do persentase ni [[luslus adiposa|lemak ni dagingna]]. Borua boi mangahap [[menopause]] jala boi gabe [[hol]] pigapiga pulu taon andorang so marujung ngoluna, alai laos ganjang do umur ni nasida sian hampir ganup pangisi ni portibi on. Parbagian ni [[peran gender]] ni baoa dohot borua nunga marragam sasara historis, jala tantangan tu norma-norma gender na dominan nunga diulahi di godang masyarakat.

[[Epolusi ni jolma|Jolma marepolusi]] sian [[hominin]] na asing di Aprika pigapiga juta taon na salpu. Nang pe adong pigapiga namalo na mandok &quot;jolma&quot; i sarupa tu sude ruas ni genus ''[[Homo]]'', alai pamakean umum pandok on umumna mardomu tu ''Homo sapiens'', sada-sadana ruas spesies na mangolu. ''Homo sapiens'' [[Jolma moderen na parjolo|muncul]] hira-hira 300.000 taon naung salpu jala mangaranto sian Aprika. Lam leleng, nasida manggantihon populasi lokal ni jolma na parjolo. Jolma na parjolo mangolu marhite [[Pangiran-pandimpu|mangiran dohot mangandimpuhon sipanganon]]. Dung i, [[Repolusi Neolitik|dipahembang nasida ma parumaon]] dohot [[patubuhon binatang]] na mangarahon tu parhutaan na hot di [[Bulan Sabit Subur]] dohot angka [[inganan tubu ni paradaban]] na asing. Ala kelebihan ni sipanganon mambahen populasi jolma gabe [[partubuon populasi|lam godang]] jala [[urbanisasi|lam sosot]], marhambang ma angka bentuk [[pangomgoman]], gabe ringkot ma pangkeon ni [[manurat|surat]], jala pigapiga [[paradaban]] timbul jala tompas. Torus do martamba jolma, lobi sian 8,3 miliar halak mangingani hampir sude luat di portibi on di taon 2026.

== Pustaha ==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}

[[Horong:Jolma]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Multiscript|Natorop|ᯉᯖᯬᯒᯬᯇ᯲}}&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Gazartashlomo0907 papindahon alaman [[Porlak Buaya Asam Kumbang]] tu [[Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang]]: Astuan ni buaya di hata Batak Toba i ma buea</comment>
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      <text bytes="38" sha1="jcvds4wht9wa4ylmy279899m1d9fg3y" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Porlak Buea Asam Kumbang]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Horong:Taon]]&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>/* Rintisan guritan tarinot tu taon */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="558" sha1="g69v62c2491xh7hay3efib98iqm0fqf" xml:space="preserve">== Rintisan guritan tarinot tu taon ==

Tabe ma di hamu

Hupasahat hami mauliate di sude kontribusimu di bagasan Wikipedia Batak Toba on, tarlumobi di angka guritan rintisan taringot tu taon. Ala i di serep ni rohanami, naeng do hami paingot hamu tu pasingkop guritanmu, asa boi tarida isi ni guritan taringot tu taon songon na naung tarsurat di [[id:1990|guritan on]].

Holan i do na boi hupasahat hami
Mauliate godang [[Sipanghasea:Gazartashlomo0907|Gazartashlomo0907]] ([[Panghataion ni Sipanghasea:Gazartashlomo0907|manghatai]]) 00:16, 12 Juli 2026 (WIB)</text>
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    <title>1991</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Taon '''1991''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.  == Analis ==  [[Horong:Taon]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="98" sha1="bque552et8929z7osg10oc1r6utq4yc" xml:space="preserve">Taon '''1991''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.

== Analis ==

[[Horong:Taon]]</text>
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    <title>2022</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Taon '''2022''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.  == Analis ==  [[Horong:Taon]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="98" sha1="2lhaeeyqr755qt04h5mfjszs2rzzn3n" xml:space="preserve">Taon '''2022''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.

== Analis ==

[[Horong:Taon]]</text>
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    <title>2021</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Taon '''2021''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.  == Analis ==  [[Horong:Taon]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="98" sha1="bm38uk8c3xzikmeiwhzycakvrhqed40" xml:space="preserve">Taon '''2021''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.

== Analis ==

[[Horong:Taon]]</text>
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    <title>2020</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Taon '''2020''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.  == Analis ==  [[Horong:Taon]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="98" sha1="5u5qcvlqwbgmlog95fsfz9xpjq5zawa" xml:space="preserve">Taon '''2020''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius.

== Analis ==

[[Horong:Taon]]</text>
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