Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.26 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 2062 234226 223486 2022-08-25T13:46:59Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Belison''' sarong ikalimang klaseng banwaan kan [[provincia kan Filipinas|probinsya]] nin [[Antique]], [[Filipinas]]. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado.An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. ==Mga Barangay== An Belison nababanga sa 11 [[barangay]]. * Borocboroc * Buenavista * Concepcion * Delima * Ipil * Maradiona * Mojon * Poblacion * Rombang * Salvacion * Sinaja == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] *[http://goiloilo.com/belison-antique/ A photo tour of Belison, Antique] {{Navbox Antique}} {{Philippines-geo-stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga banwaan kan Antique]] no1s24t3cr11feb2ppehohu2jm4ejt8 0 10488 234235 234206 2022-08-25T14:00:46Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Cissa Guimarães | image = Prêmio Rio Sem Preconceito 2013 - 04.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Beatriz Gentil Pinheiro Guimarães | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|4|18}} | birth_place = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = Actress, television presenter | years_active = | spouse = [[Paulo César Pereio]] (1975-1990)<br />Raul Mascarenhas (1990-1994)<br />João Batista Figueira de Mello (1997-2003) | children = 3 | website = }} Si '''Beatriz Gentil Pinheiro Guimarães''' (Rio de Janeiro, [[Abril 18]], [[1964]]) sarong [[Brasil]]ianong aktres.<ref name="Museu da TV">{{Cite web |url=http://www.museudatv.com.br/biografias/Cissa%20Guimaraes.htm |title=Biografia de Cissa Guimaraes para o Museu da Televisão Brasileira |access-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619080408/http://www.museudatv.com.br/biografias/Cissa%20Guimaraes.htm |archive-date=2010-06-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://estrelato.com/cissa-guimaraes Cissa Guimarães] Estrelato.com</ref> ==Biograpiya== Si Guimarães nagpoon kan saiyang karera artistiko kan siya nagpatisipar sa sarong dula "Dor de Amor" (Kulog nin Pagkamoot). Sa telebisyon, mas namidbid siya bilang host kan variety show [[Rede Globo]] [[Vídeo Show]], kun saen siya nag'ayaw igdi nin 15 taon (pag'ultan nin 1986 asin 2001). Kan 1994, siya huba na nagparetrato sa Playboy Magazine.<ref name="Museu da TV"/> Kan 2005, siya nagparetrato naman huba pero sa edad nang 48, na nagluwas sa magasin na [[:pt:Sexy (revista)|Sexy]].<ref>[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/ilustrada/ult90u54670.shtml Cissa Guimarães posa nua pela segunda vez; veja foto] [[Folha Online]]</ref> Kan 2010, siya nagpapel sa dulang "Doidas e Santas."<ref>MASELLI, Julinana. [http://ego.globo.com/Gente/Noticias/0,,MUL1583405-9798,00-CISSA+GUIMARAES+ESTREIA+PECA+COM+PRESENCA+DE+AMIGOS+FAMOSOS+NO+RIO.html Cissa Guimarães estreia peça com presença de amigos famosos no Rio] EGO</ref> Poon pa kan Agosto 8, 2015, siya tagapresenta sa Sabadong programang "É de Casa". ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0347272/ Cissa Guimarães] sa [[IMDb]] {{Poon}} 6sk19lqqz7zhbywxbeyhnp48hnsvrmv 0 13270 234256 198634 2022-08-25T14:30:59Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Bernie Sanders | image = Bernie Sanders.jpg | caption = Sanders in 2007 | alt = Official U.S. Senate headshot of Bernie Sanders | office1 = Ranking Member of the <br>[[United States Senate Committee on the Budget|Senate Budget Committee]] | term_start1 = Enero 3, 2015 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Jeff Sessions]] | successor1 = | office2 = Chair of the <br>[[Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee]] | term_start2 = Enero 3, 2013 | term_end2 = Enero 3, 2015 | predecessor2 = [[Patty Murray]] | successor2 = [[Johnny Isakson]] | jr/sr = Senador kan E#stados Unidos | state = [[Vermont]] | alongside = [[Patrick Leahy]] | term_start = Enero 3, 2007 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Jim Jeffords]] | successor = | state3 = [[Vermont]] | district3 = {{ushr|VT|AL|at-large}} | term_start3 = Enero 3, 1991 | term_end3 = Enero 3, 2007 | predecessor3 = [[Peter Plympton Smith]] | successor3 = [[Peter Welch]] | office4 = Ika-37 [[List of mayors of Burlington, Vermont|Mayor of Burlington]] | term_start4 = Abril 6, 1981 | term_end4 = Abril 4, 1989 | predecessor4 = [[Gordon Paquette]] | successor4 = [[Peter Clavelle]] | birth_name = Bernard Sanders | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|9|8}} | birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]], U.S. | party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1977–2015; since 2016) | otherparty = [[Liberty Union Party|Liberty Union]] (1971–77)<br /> [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (2015–2016) | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Deborah Shiling|1964|1966|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Jane O'Meara Sanders|Jane O'Meara]]|1988}}}} | children = 4<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sanders.senate.gov/about|title=About|website=Sen. Bernie Sanders|language=en|access-date=2019-02-21}}</ref> (including [[Levi Sanders]]) | relatives = [[Larry Sanders (politician)|Larry Sanders]] (brother) | education = [[Brooklyn College]]<br>[[University of Chicago]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | website = {{url|https://sanders.senate.gov|Senate website}} | signature = Bernie Sanders signature.svg | signature_alt = Official signature of Bernie Sanders }} Si '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (8 September 1941) Senador kan [[Estados Unidos]] poon pa kan taon (2007-) na haleng [[Vermont]]. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} dp5dnh5w699z2vaecknx85sqgtod8n1 0 16733 234254 173502 2022-08-25T14:28:45Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family |name=Banggi |region=[[Sabah]] asin [[Palawan]] |familycolor=Austronesyo |fam2=[[Mga tataramon na Malayo-Polinesyo|Malayo-Polinesyo]] |fam3=[[Mga tataramon na Norteng Borneano|Norteng Borneano]] |fam4=[[Mga tataramon na Norte-Subangan na Sabahano|Norte-Subangan na Sabahano]] |glotto=mayó }} An '''mga tataramon na Banggi''' (''Bangay'' man) saróng pades nin mga tataramon, [[Tataramon na Bonggi|Bonggi]] asin [[Tataramon na Molbog|Molbog]], tinataram sa [[Sabah]] sa [[Borneo]], sa [[Palawan]] sa Filipinas, asin sa mga natatangâ kaining mga isla. ==Toltolan == *K. Alexander's Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, ''The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.'' Routledge, 2005. {{Reflist}} {{Mga tataramon na Borneano}} [[Category:Mga tataramon na Sabahano]] [[Category:Mga tataramon kan Palawan]] {{Tataramon-tamboan}} rzgliwj3bu71pk5p0dxu9s5vm3iit3f 0 23984 234252 200203 2022-08-25T14:26:10Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->|name=The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle|title_orig={{noitalic|{{nihongo2|ねじまき鳥クロニクル}}}}<br>Nejimakidori Kuronikuru|image=|caption=First US edition cover|author=[[Haruki Murakami]]|cover_artist=|country=[[Japan]]|language=[[Japanese language|Japanese]]|series=|genre=|published={{plain list| * [[Shinchosha]] (JP) * 1997 ([[Vintage (publisher)|Vintage]]) (US) }}|media_type=Print ([[Hardcover]])|pages=607|isbn=0-679-77543-9|oclc=39915729}}An '''Wind-Up Bird Chronicle''' (ねじまき鳥クロニクル, ''Nejimakidori Kuronikuru'') sarong nobelang pigpublikar kan taon 1994–1995 kan Hapon na parasurat na si [[Haruki Murakami]]. An mga dakitaramon kaini sa Amerikano asin sa Briton iyo sana an pigsasabing "only official translations" ([[Tataramon na Ingles|English]]) ni [[Si Jay Rubin |Jay Rubin]] asin inot na pigpublikar kan taon [[1997 sa literatura |1997]]. Para sa nobelang ini, nakaresibe si Murakami nin [[Yomiuri Premyo |Yomiuri Literary Award]], na iginawad saiya kan dati nya man sanang kritiko na si [[Kenzaburʹe |Kenzaburō Ōe]]. == Kasaysayan kan publikasyon == An orihinal na edisyon sa Hapon ilinuwas sa tolong kabtang, na minakompuesto sa tolong "libro" kan sarong tomo na bersion nin lengwaheng Ingles. # Book of the Thieving Magpie (泥棒かささぎ編, Dorobō kasasagi hen) # Book of the Prophesying Bird (予言する鳥編, Yogen suru tori hen) # Book of the Bird-Catcher Man (鳥刺し男編, Torisashi otoko hen) Sa Ingles na dakitaramon, duwang kapitulo an orihinal na ipinublikar sa The New Yorker sa irarom kan mga titulong ''[[The Zoo Atack|"The Zoo Atack"]]'' kan Hulyo 31, 1995, asin "Another Way to Die" kan Enero 20, 1997. An sarong lain na bersyon kan inot na kapitulo na pigdakitaramon ni Alfred Birnbaum ipinublikar sa koleksyon na The Elephant Vanishes sa irarom kan titulong ''[[The Wind-up Bird and Tuesday's Women|"The Wind-up Bird and Tuesday's Women."]]'' Dugang pa kaini, an karakter na an ngaran Noboru Wataya minaluwas sa halipot na istorya na "Family Affair" sa The Elephant Vanishes. Minsan ngani igwa nin kaparehong personalidad asin pinaghalian, an karakter bakong konektado sa saro sa The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle na igwa man nin kaparehong ngaran. Si Noboru Wataya ginamit man sa pagdakitaramon ni Jay Rubin kan haralipot na istorya sa [[The Elephant Vanishes]]. Kan Mayo 2010, ipinublikar ni Harvil Secker an Sentenaryong Edisyon kan [[The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle]] tanganing selebraron an sanggatos na taon na pagpublikar kaini. Idto limitado sana sa 2,500 na kopya.<ref>[http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/catalog/book.htm?command=search&db=main.txt&eqisbndata=1846553873 The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle: Limited Centenary edition]</ref> == An sumaryo kan istorya == An inot na kabtang, "The Thieving Magpie," minapuon sa para-istorya, si Toru Okada, sarong tuninong asin daing trabahong abogado, na pigsugo kan saiyang agom na babae, si Kumiko, tanganing hanapon an saindang nawawarang ikos. Suhestyon ni Kumiko na maghiling sa saindang alley, sarong kaputol na daga sa likod kan saindang harong. Pagduman ni Toru nin kadikit na panahon na mayo nin swerte, si Kasahara, sarong tinedyer na haloy - haloy nang nagbabantay sa saiya na nagkakampo sa alley, naghapot sa saiya. Inimbitaran nya sya na magduman sa saiyang harong tanganing magtukaw-tukaw sa patyo asin hilingon sa inabandunar na harong na sinasabi nya na sarong popular na paiplian para sa napapasuway na mga ikos. An inabandunar na harong sinasabing posibleng igwa nin pambihirang signos, ta iyan nagdara nin kararatan sa gabos na nainot na nag-iistar duman. Igwa man duman nin daing laog na bubon, na sa huri ginagamit ni Toru pagtaguan asin mag - isip. Si Toru nakaresibe nin sekswal na mga apod sa telepono nin sarong babayi na nagsasabing midbid sya kaini. Nag - apod man sya sa telepono hali sa Malta Kano na naghahagad na makipag - ulay sa saiya. == Panginot na mga karakter == Minsan ngani an librong ini igwa nin dakol na darakula asin saradit na karakter, kabilang ini sa pinakaimportante: * '''Toru Okada''' * '''Kumiko Okada''' * '''Noboru Wataya''' * '''May Kasahara''' * '''Lieutenant Mamiya''' * '''Malta Kano''' * '''Creta Kano''' * '''Nutmeg Akasaka''' * '''Cinnamon Akasaka''' * '''The Cat''' == Mga tema == * '''Desire'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-the-wind-up-bird-chronicle/themes.html#gsc.tab=0|title=The Wind-up Bird Chronicle Themes|language=en}}</ref> * '''Power'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/topics/the-wind-up-bird-chronicle|title=The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Summary - eNotes.com|language=en}}</ref> * '''Polar opposites''' * '''Alienation'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.google.com/a/sadeharju.org/haruki-murakami/motifs|title=Themes – The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle}}</ref> == Mga nawawarang kapitulo asin kabtang == Pira sa mga kabtang sagkud surat sa paperback na ediyson an dai nakabalis sa Ingles na bersyon kaini. An paradakitaramon na si Jay Rubi nagbawas nin nasa 61 kan 1,379 na mga pahina, kaiba igdi an tulong kapitulo. Pag pigsararo an orihinal na tulong mga tomo, magigi ining halawig na marhay kaya hinagad man kan paralimbag na putulon sana ini hasta sa 25,000 na tataramon sa Ingles kaining bersyon. == Dakitaramon == Ginibo ni Jay Rubin an dakitaramon kan nobelang Ingles. Apwera sa lataw na mga pagkakalain kan mga bersyon na Hapones asin Ingles, may mga pagkakalain man sa pag - ultanan kan orihinal na mga edisyon na Hapones na hardcover asin paperback na mga edisyon.<ref name="email">[http://www.randomhouse.com/knopf/authors/murakami/complete.html Translating Murakami], an email roundtable, with [[Jay Rubin]] and [[Philip Gabriel]] (translators of Murakami), and Gary Fisketjon (Murakami's editor at Knopf).</ref> == Legasiya == An an nagsasabi na an The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle iyo an obra maestra ni Murakami, asin iyan nagluwas sa listahan kan 2014 kan 10 kan gabos na nobelang pinakamatibayt sa Asya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-22|title=10 best Asian novels of all time|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/10630332/10-best-Asian-novels-of-all-time.html|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Pag-adaptar == An pag - adaptar sa nobela ginibo ni Stephen Earnhart, sarong live na produksion kaiyan na ginibo kan 2011 sa Internasyonal na Kapiestahan kan Edinburgh .<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/edinburgh-festival/8707226/Edinburgh-Festival-2011-Stephen-Earnhart-on-The-Wind-Up-Bird-Chronicle.html</ref> == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == ** [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800EED9133EF931A35752C1A961958260 East Meets West, the New York Times Book Review] ** [http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=12512 The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle – Literary Encyclopedia] ** [http://www.exorcising-ghosts.co.uk/windupbird.html Exorcising Ghosts] Page with plenty of links to reviews ** [http://www.thenewcanon.com/windup_bird_chronicle.html The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle], reviewed by Ted Gioia ([http://www.thenewcanon.com/ The New Canon]) ** [http://www.complete-review.com/reviews/murakamih/windupbc.htm ''The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle''] at ''[[:en:Complete_Review|Complete Review]]'' ** [http://www.windupbc.com/ The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Multimedia Theatre Production] Stephen Earnhart's multimedia adaptation of Murakami's novel ** [http://www.uog.edu/sites/default/files/maynard_lost-chapters-wind-up-bird.pdf ''Lost Chapters in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle: A Translation and Commentary''] [http://kieranmaynard.com/ Kieran Maynard's] analysis of chapters missing in the English version {{Haruki Murakami}}{{Poon}} [[Category:Mga nobela ni Haruki Murakami]] [[Category:1994 na mga nobela]] [[Category:1995 na mga nobela]] [[Category:Japanese magic realism na mga nobela]] [[Category:Shinchosha na mga libro]] [[Category:Mga libro na may cover art ni Chip Kidd]] [[Category:Three-volume na mga nobela]] [[Category:Mga nobelang manungod sa ikos]] 5rmf5bbhz3f8vn4l16g15hm2sd8120g 234253 234252 2022-08-25T14:27:39Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->|name=The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle|title_orig={{noitalic|{{nihongo2|ねじまき鳥クロニクル}}}}<br>Nejimakidori Kuronikuru|image=|caption=''First US edition cover''|author=[[Haruki Murakami]]|cover_artist=|country=[[Hapon]]|language=Hapones|series=|genre=|published={{plain list| * [[Shinchosha]] (JP) * 1997 (Vintage) (US) }}|media_type=Print (Hardcover)|pages=607|isbn=0-679-77543-9|oclc=39915729}}An '''Wind-Up Bird Chronicle''' (ねじまき鳥クロニクル, ''Nejimakidori Kuronikuru'') sarong nobelang pigpublikar kan taon 1994–1995 kan Hapon na parasurat na si [[Haruki Murakami]]. An mga dakitaramon kaini sa Amerikano asin sa Briton iyo sana an pigsasabing "only official translations" ([[Tataramon na Ingles|English]]) ni [[Si Jay Rubin |Jay Rubin]] asin inot na pigpublikar kan taon [[1997 sa literatura |1997]]. Para sa nobelang ini, nakaresibe si Murakami nin [[Yomiuri Premyo |Yomiuri Literary Award]], na iginawad saiya kan dati nya man sanang kritiko na si [[Kenzaburʹe |Kenzaburō Ōe]]. == Kasaysayan kan publikasyon == An orihinal na edisyon sa Hapon ilinuwas sa tolong kabtang, na minakompuesto sa tolong "libro" kan sarong tomo na bersion nin lengwaheng Ingles. # Book of the Thieving Magpie (泥棒かささぎ編, Dorobō kasasagi hen) # Book of the Prophesying Bird (予言する鳥編, Yogen suru tori hen) # Book of the Bird-Catcher Man (鳥刺し男編, Torisashi otoko hen) Sa Ingles na dakitaramon, duwang kapitulo an orihinal na ipinublikar sa The New Yorker sa irarom kan mga titulong ''[[The Zoo Atack|"The Zoo Atack"]]'' kan Hulyo 31, 1995, asin "Another Way to Die" kan Enero 20, 1997. An sarong lain na bersyon kan inot na kapitulo na pigdakitaramon ni Alfred Birnbaum ipinublikar sa koleksyon na The Elephant Vanishes sa irarom kan titulong ''[[The Wind-up Bird and Tuesday's Women|"The Wind-up Bird and Tuesday's Women."]]'' Dugang pa kaini, an karakter na an ngaran Noboru Wataya minaluwas sa halipot na istorya na "Family Affair" sa The Elephant Vanishes. Minsan ngani igwa nin kaparehong personalidad asin pinaghalian, an karakter bakong konektado sa saro sa The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle na igwa man nin kaparehong ngaran. Si Noboru Wataya ginamit man sa pagdakitaramon ni Jay Rubin kan haralipot na istorya sa [[The Elephant Vanishes]]. Kan Mayo 2010, ipinublikar ni Harvil Secker an Sentenaryong Edisyon kan [[The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle]] tanganing selebraron an sanggatos na taon na pagpublikar kaini. Idto limitado sana sa 2,500 na kopya.<ref>[http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/catalog/book.htm?command=search&db=main.txt&eqisbndata=1846553873 The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle: Limited Centenary edition]</ref> == An sumaryo kan istorya == An inot na kabtang, "The Thieving Magpie," minapuon sa para-istorya, si Toru Okada, sarong tuninong asin daing trabahong abogado, na pigsugo kan saiyang agom na babae, si Kumiko, tanganing hanapon an saindang nawawarang ikos. Suhestyon ni Kumiko na maghiling sa saindang alley, sarong kaputol na daga sa likod kan saindang harong. Pagduman ni Toru nin kadikit na panahon na mayo nin swerte, si Kasahara, sarong tinedyer na haloy - haloy nang nagbabantay sa saiya na nagkakampo sa alley, naghapot sa saiya. Inimbitaran nya sya na magduman sa saiyang harong tanganing magtukaw-tukaw sa patyo asin hilingon sa inabandunar na harong na sinasabi nya na sarong popular na paiplian para sa napapasuway na mga ikos. An inabandunar na harong sinasabing posibleng igwa nin pambihirang signos, ta iyan nagdara nin kararatan sa gabos na nainot na nag-iistar duman. Igwa man duman nin daing laog na bubon, na sa huri ginagamit ni Toru pagtaguan asin mag - isip. Si Toru nakaresibe nin sekswal na mga apod sa telepono nin sarong babayi na nagsasabing midbid sya kaini. Nag - apod man sya sa telepono hali sa Malta Kano na naghahagad na makipag - ulay sa saiya. == Panginot na mga karakter == Minsan ngani an librong ini igwa nin dakol na darakula asin saradit na karakter, kabilang ini sa pinakaimportante: * '''Toru Okada''' * '''Kumiko Okada''' * '''Noboru Wataya''' * '''May Kasahara''' * '''Lieutenant Mamiya''' * '''Malta Kano''' * '''Creta Kano''' * '''Nutmeg Akasaka''' * '''Cinnamon Akasaka''' * '''The Cat''' == Mga tema == * '''Desire'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-the-wind-up-bird-chronicle/themes.html#gsc.tab=0|title=The Wind-up Bird Chronicle Themes|language=en}}</ref> * '''Power'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/topics/the-wind-up-bird-chronicle|title=The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Summary - eNotes.com|language=en}}</ref> * '''Polar opposites''' * '''Alienation'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.google.com/a/sadeharju.org/haruki-murakami/motifs|title=Themes – The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle}}</ref> == Mga nawawarang kapitulo asin kabtang == Pira sa mga kabtang sagkud surat sa paperback na ediyson an dai nakabalis sa Ingles na bersyon kaini. An paradakitaramon na si Jay Rubi nagbawas nin nasa 61 kan 1,379 na mga pahina, kaiba igdi an tulong kapitulo. Pag pigsararo an orihinal na tulong mga tomo, magigi ining halawig na marhay kaya hinagad man kan paralimbag na putulon sana ini hasta sa 25,000 na tataramon sa Ingles kaining bersyon. == Dakitaramon == Ginibo ni Jay Rubin an dakitaramon kan nobelang Ingles. Apwera sa lataw na mga pagkakalain kan mga bersyon na Hapones asin Ingles, may mga pagkakalain man sa pag - ultanan kan orihinal na mga edisyon na Hapones na hardcover asin paperback na mga edisyon.<ref name="email">[http://www.randomhouse.com/knopf/authors/murakami/complete.html Translating Murakami], an email roundtable, with [[Jay Rubin]] and [[Philip Gabriel]] (translators of Murakami), and Gary Fisketjon (Murakami's editor at Knopf).</ref> == Legasiya == An an nagsasabi na an The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle iyo an obra maestra ni Murakami, asin iyan nagluwas sa listahan kan 2014 kan 10 kan gabos na nobelang pinakamatibayt sa Asya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-22|title=10 best Asian novels of all time|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/10630332/10-best-Asian-novels-of-all-time.html|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Pag-adaptar == An pag - adaptar sa nobela ginibo ni Stephen Earnhart, sarong live na produksion kaiyan na ginibo kan 2011 sa Internasyonal na Kapiestahan kan Edinburgh .<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/edinburgh-festival/8707226/Edinburgh-Festival-2011-Stephen-Earnhart-on-The-Wind-Up-Bird-Chronicle.html</ref> == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == ** [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800EED9133EF931A35752C1A961958260 East Meets West, the New York Times Book Review] ** [http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=12512 The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle – Literary Encyclopedia] ** [http://www.exorcising-ghosts.co.uk/windupbird.html Exorcising Ghosts] Page with plenty of links to reviews ** [http://www.thenewcanon.com/windup_bird_chronicle.html The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle], reviewed by Ted Gioia ([http://www.thenewcanon.com/ The New Canon]) ** [http://www.complete-review.com/reviews/murakamih/windupbc.htm ''The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle''] at ''[[:en:Complete_Review|Complete Review]]'' ** [http://www.windupbc.com/ The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Multimedia Theatre Production] Stephen Earnhart's multimedia adaptation of Murakami's novel ** [http://www.uog.edu/sites/default/files/maynard_lost-chapters-wind-up-bird.pdf ''Lost Chapters in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle: A Translation and Commentary''] [http://kieranmaynard.com/ Kieran Maynard's] analysis of chapters missing in the English version {{Haruki Murakami}}{{Poon}} [[Category:Mga nobela ni Haruki Murakami]] [[Category:1994 na mga nobela]] [[Category:1995 na mga nobela]] [[Category:Japanese magic realism na mga nobela]] [[Category:Shinchosha na mga libro]] [[Category:Mga libro na may cover art ni Chip Kidd]] [[Category:Three-volume na mga nobela]] [[Category:Mga nobelang manungod sa ikos]] 7esm7bevc2l5nhqsymubgc8w6w394ll 10 24306 234222 229364 2022-08-25T13:01:27Z Kwamikagami 605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar with collapsible lists | name = Feminism sidebar | pretitle = Parte kan [[:Category:Feminism|serye]] sa | title = [[Feminism]] | listtitlestyle = background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; | contentclass = plainlist | contentstyle = padding-top:0; | image = [[File:Pink Venus symbol.svg|100px]] | expanded = {{{expanded|{{{selected|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} <!----------------------- Kasaysayan -------------------------> | list1name = history | list1title = Kasaysayan | list1 = {{Sidebar |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off |headingstyle=padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; |contentclass=plainlist |contentstyle=padding-top:0.15em; | heading1style = padding-top:0.2em; | heading1 = Social | content1 = * [[Feminist history]] * [[History of feminism]] * [[Women-only space]] {{flatlist| * [[Women's history]] ** [[History of women in the United States|American]] ** [[History of women in the United Kingdom|British]] ** [[History of Canadian women|Canadian]] ** [[History of German women|German]] }} | heading2 = Mga panahon | content2 = {{flatlist| * [[Timeline of women's suffrage|Women's suffrage]] ** [[Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries|Muslim countries]] ** [[Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States|US]] }} * [[Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)|Other women's rights]] | heading3 = [[Women's suffrage|Suffrage]] by country | content3 = {{flatlist| <!--Alphabetical by country:--> * [[Women's suffrage in Austria|Austria]] * [[Suffrage in Australia|Australia]] * [[Women's suffrage in Canada|Canada]] * [[Women's suffrage in Japan|Japan]] * [[Women's suffrage in Kuwait|Kuwait]] * [[Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]] * [[Women's suffrage in New Zealand|New Zealand]] * [[Women's suffrage in the Spanish Civil War period|Spain (Civil War)]] * [[Women's suffrage in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition|Spain (Francoist)]] * [[Women's suffrage in Sweden|Sweden]] * [[Women's suffrage in Switzerland|Switzerland]] * [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] ** [[Women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands|Cayman Islands]] ** [[Women's suffrage in Wales|Wales]] * [[Women's suffrage in the United States|United States]] ** [[Women's suffrage in states of the United States|In states]] *** [[Women's suffrage in Utah|Utah]] }} | heading4 = Mga pag-agi | content4 = {{flatlist| * [[First-wave feminism|First]] * [[Second-wave feminism|Second]] * [[Third-wave feminism|Third]] * [[Fourth-wave feminism|Fourth]] }} }} <!---------------------- Variants -------------------------> | list2name = general variants | list2title = [[Mga Feministang paghiro asin ideolohiya|Mayor na klase]] | list2 = {{flatlist| * [[Analytical feminism|Analytical]] * [[Anarcha-feminism|Anarchist]] * [[Anti-abortion feminism|Anti-abortion]] * [[Atheist feminism|Atheist]] * [[List of conservative feminisms|Conservative]] * [[Cultural feminism|Cultural]] * [[Cyberfeminism|Cyber]] * [[Difference feminism|Difference]] * [[Ecofeminism]] ** [[Vegetarian ecofeminism|Vegetarian]] * [[Embedded feminism|Embedded]] * [[Equality feminism|Equality]] * [[Eugenic feminism|Eugenic]] * [[Fat feminism|Fat]] * [[French feminist theory|French]] ** [[French post-structuralist feminism|French post-structuralist]] * [[Global feminism|Global]] * [[Hip-hop feminism|Hip-hop]]/[[Feminist activism in hip hop|Activism]] * [[Individualist feminism|Individualist]] * [[Labor feminism|Labor]] * [[Lesbian feminism|Lesbian]] ** [[Radical lesbianism]] * [[Liberal feminism|Liberal]] ** [[Equity feminism|Equity]] * [[Lipstick feminism|Lipstick]] * [[Materialist feminism|Materialist]] * [[Maternal feminism|Maternal]] * Multicultural ** [[Black feminism|Black]] ** [[Chicana feminism|Chicana]] ** [[Indigenous feminism|Indigenous]] *** [[Jineology|Kurdish (Jineology)]] *** [[Native American feminism|Native American]] ** [[White feminism|White]] * [[Neofeminism]] * [[Networked feminism|Networked]] * [[New feminism|New]] * [[Postcolonial feminism|Postcolonial]] * [[Postfeminism]] * [[Postmodern feminism|Postmodern]] * [[Post-structural feminism|Post-structural]] * [[Radical feminism|Radical]] * [[Feminist separatism|Separatist]] * [[Sex-positive feminism|Sex-positive]] * [[Socialist feminism|Socialist]] ** [[Marxist feminism|Marxist]] * [[Social feminism|Social]] * [[Standpoint feminism|Standpoint]] * [[State feminism|State]] * [[Transfeminism]] * [[Transnational feminism|Transnational]] * [[Victim feminism|Victim]] * [[Womanism]] ** [[Africana womanism|Africana]] }} | list3name = klase nin mga relihiyon | list3title = Klase nin mga relihiyon | list3 = {{flatlist| * [[Buddhist feminism|Buddhist]] * [[Christian feminism|Christian]] ** [[Mormon feminism|Mormon]] * [[Goddess movement|Neopagan]] ** [[Dianic Wicca]] ** [[Reclaiming (Neopaganism)|Reclaiming]] * [[Hindu feminism|Hindu]] * [[Islamic feminism|Islamic]] * [[Jewish feminism|Jewish]] ** [[Orthodox Jewish feminism|Orthodox]] * [[Sikh feminism|Sikh]] }} <!---------------------- Mga konsepto -------------------------> | list4name = concepts | list4title = Mga konsepto | list4 = {{flatlist| <!--(Alphabetically by topic:)--> * [[Feminist literature|Literature]] ** [[Feminist children's literature|Children's literature]] * [[Feminist effects on society|Effects on society]] * [[Feminism and equality|Equality]] * [[Female education]] * [[Female genital mutilation]] * [[Femicide]] * [[Feminism in culture]] * [[Feminist movement]] ** [[African-American women's suffrage movement]] ** [[Feminist art movement|Art movement]] ** [[Feminist activism in hip hop|In hip hop]] * [[Feminist stripper]] * [[Gender equality]] * [[Girl power]] * [[Honor killing]] * International [[International Day of the Girl Child|Girl's Day]] and [[International Women's Day|Women's Day]] * [[Feminist language reform|Language reform]] * [[Matriarchal religion]] * [[Feminism and media|Media]] * [[Men in feminism]] * [[Misogyny]] * [[Feminist views on the Oedipus complex|Oedipus complex]] * [[Antifeminism|Opposition to feminism]] * [[Political lesbianism|{{allow wrap|Political lesbianism}}]] ** [[Lesbian separatism]] * [[Pro-feminism]] * [[Protofeminism]] * [[Purplewashing]] * [[Reproductive justice]] * [[Sex workers' rights]] * [[Sexual harassment]] * [[Sexual objectification]] * [[Feminist theory|Theory]] ** [[Feminist theory in composition studies|in composition studies]] * [[Triple oppression]] * [[Violence against women]] * [[War on women]] * [[Women's health|{{allow wrap|Women's health}}]] * [[Women's rights]] * [[Toxic masculinity]] }} <!----------------------- Mga paghiling --------------------------> | list5name = outlooks | list5title = Mga paghiling | list5 = {{Sidebar |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off |headingstyle=padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; |contentclass=plainlist |contentstyle=padding-top:0.15em; | content1 = {{flatlist| * [[Criticism of marriage]] * [[Feminist views on BDSM|Views on BDSM]] * [[Feminist views on pornography|Views on pornography]] * [[Feminist views on prostitution|Views on prostitution]] * [[Feminist views on sexual orientation|Views on sexual orientation]] * [[Feminist views on sexuality|Views on sexuality]] * [[Feminist views on transgender topics|Views on transgender topics]] }}}} <!----------------------- Teorya --------------------------> | list6name = theory | list6title = [[Feministang Teorya|Teorya]] | list6 = {{Sidebar |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off |headingstyle=padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; |contentclass=plainlist |contentstyle=padding-top:0.15em; | content1 = {{flatlist| * [[Feminist method]] * [[Gender studies]] * [[Gender mainstreaming]] * [[Gynocentrism]] * [[Kyriarchy]] * [[Male gaze]] * [[Matriarchy]] * [[Women's studies]] * [[Men's studies]] * [[Patriarchy]] * ''[[Écriture féminine]]'' }} | heading2 = Linya nin pag-adal | content2 = {{flatlist| <!--(Alphabetically by topic:)--> * [[Feminist anthropology|anthropology]] * [[Feminist archaeology|archaeology]] * [[Feminism and modern architecture|architecture]] * [[Feminist art|art]] ** [[Feminist art criticism|art criticism]] ** [[Feminist literary criticism|literary criticism]] ** [[Feminist film theory|film theory]] * [[Feminist biology|biology]] * [[Feminist theory in composition studies|composition studies]] * [[Feminist school of criminology|criminology]] ** [[Feminist pathways perspective|pathways perspective]] * [[Feminist economics|economics]] * [[Feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis|fpda]] * [[Feminist geography|geography]] * [[Feminism (international relations)|international relations]] ** [[Feminist constructivism|constructivism]] * [[Feminist legal theory|legal theory]] * [[Feminist pedagogy|pedagogy]] * [[Feminist philosophy|philosophy]] ** [[Feminist aesthetics|aesthetics]] ** [[Feminist empiricism|empiricism]] ** [[Feminist epistemology|epistemology]] ** [[Feminist ethics|ethics]] *** [[Feminist justice ethics|justice ethics]] ** [[Feminist existentialism|existentialism]] ** [[Feminist metaphysics|metaphysics]] ** [[Feminist philosophy of science|science]] * [[Feminist political ecology|political ecology]] * [[Feminist political theory|political theory]] * [[Feminist pornography|pornography]] * [[Feminist psychology|psychology]] * [[Feminist revisionist mythology|revisionist mythology]] * [[Feminist science fiction|science fiction]] * [[Feminist sex wars|sex wars]] * [[Feminist sexology|sexology]] * [[Feminist sociology|sociology]] * [[Feminist technoscience|technoscience]] * [[Feminist theology|theology]] ** [[womanist theology]] }} }} <!--------------------- Kada nasyun ------------------------> | list7name = by country | list7title = Kada nasyun | list7 = {{flatlist| * [[Feminism in Albania|Albania]] * [[Feminism in Australia|Australia]] * [[Feminism in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] * [[Feminism in Canada|Canada]] * [[Feminism in China|China]] * [[Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] * [[Feminism in Denmark|Denmark]] * [[Feminism in Egypt|Egypt]] * [[Feminism in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] * [[Feminism in Finland|Finland]] * [[Feminism in France|France]] * [[Feminism in Germany|Germany]] * [[Feminism in Ghana|Ghana]] * [[Feminism in Greece|Greece]] * [[Feminism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] * [[Feminism in India|India]] * [[Feminism in Indonesia|Indonesia]] * [[Feminism in Iran|Iran]] * [[Feminism in Iraq|Iraq]] * [[Feminism in the Republic of Ireland|Republic of Ireland]] * [[Feminism in Israel|Israel]] * [[Feminism in Italy|Italy]] * [[Feminism in Japan|Japan]] * [[Feminism in Latin America|Latin America]] ** [[Feminism in Argentina|Argentina]] ** [[Feminism in Brazil|Brazil]] ** [[Feminism in Chile|Chile]] ** [[Feminism in Haiti|Haiti]] ** [[Feminism in Honduras|Honduras]] ** [[Feminism in Mexico|Mexico]] ** [[Feminism in Paraguay|Paraguay]] ** [[Feminism in Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Feminism in Lebanon|Lebanon]] * [[Feminism in Malaysia|Malaysia]] * [[Feminism in Mali|Mali]] * [[Feminism in Nepal|Nepal]] * [[Feminism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]] * [[Feminism in New Zealand|New Zealand]] * [[Feminism in Nigeria|Nigeria]] * [[Feminism in Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]] * [[Feminism in Norway|Norway]] * [[Feminism in Pakistan|Pakistan]] * [[Feminism in the Philippines|Philippines]] * [[Feminism in Poland|Poland]] * [[Feminism in Russia|Russia]] * [[Feminism in Syria|Syria]] * [[Feminism in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Feminism in South Africa|South Africa]] * [[Feminism in South Korea|South Korea]] * [[Feminism in Sweden|Sweden]] * [[Feminism in Taiwan|Taiwan]] * [[Feminism in Thailand|Thailand]] * [[Feminism in Turkey|Turkey]] * [[Feminism in Vietnam|Vietnam]] * [[Feminism in Ukraine|Ukraine]] * [[Feminism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] * [[Feminism in the United States|United States]] ** [[History of women in the United States|History of women]] }} <!----------------- Mga listahan asin kategorya ------------------> | list8name = lists | list8title = Mga listahan asin kategorya | list8 = {{Sidebar |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off |headingstyle=padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; |contentclass=plainlist |contentstyle=padding-top:0.15em; | heading1 = Lists | content1 = {{flatlist| * [[Index of feminism articles|Articles]] * [[List of feminists|Feminists]] ** [[:Category:Feminists by nationality|by nationality]] * [[List of feminist literature|Literature]] ** [[List of American feminist literature|American feminist literature]] ** [[List of feminist comic books|Feminist comic books]] }} * [[List of conservative feminisms|Conservative feminisms]] * [[List of ecofeminist authors|Ecofeminist authors]] * [[List of feminist art critics|Feminist art critics]] * [[List of feminist economists|Feminist economists]] * [[List of feminist philosophers|Feminist philosophers]] * [[List of feminist poets|Feminist poets]] * [[List of feminist rhetoricians|Feminist rhetoricians]] * [[List of Jewish feminists|Jewish feminists]] * [[List of Muslim feminists|Muslim feminists]] * [[List of feminist parties|Feminist parties]] * [[List of suffragists and suffragettes|Suffragists and suffragettes]] * [[List of women's rights activists|Women's rights activists]] * [[List of women's studies journals|Women's studies journals]] * [[Women's suffrage organizations]] | heading2 = Categories | content2 = * [[:Category:Women's rights by country|Women's rights by country]] * [[:Category:Feminists by nationality|Feminists by nationality]] }} <!---------------------------------------------------------> | below = {{portal-inline|Feminism}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation | content = {{Caution |{{tl|Feminism}} exists as an alternate version of this template. Any content changes made here should be applied there as well.}} ===Pilian nin collapsible na mga lista=== {{Collapsible lists option | listnames = {{hlist |history |variants |concepts |theory |"by country" |lists}} | example = by country }} ===See also=== * {{tl|Feminist philosophy sidebar}} <!--Eponymous categories:--> [[Category:Feminism templates| ]] <!--Other categories:--> [[Category:Political ideology sidebar templates]] [[Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates]] [[Category:Exclude in print]] }}<!--(end Documentation)--> </noinclude> fsnz0e862dmy0qyywfaq8ibkga7vu5w 0 35849 234245 234155 2022-08-25T14:19:00Z Ralffralff 14987 Ralffralff pinagbalyo an pahina [[Mga face mask durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] pasiring sa [[Mga pupon durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]]: As per suggested, Bikol translation of "face mask" to "pupon" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Facemask2022.jpg|thumb|Mga naka face mask na tawo]] Durante kan COVID-19 pandemic, napapaatubang sa mga maskara, arog baga kan mga masks sa operasyon asin maskarang tela, an ginagamit na pamkontrol sa publiko asin personal na salud tumang sa paglakop kan SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 panic surgican SARS-CoV-2. Sa komunidad asin mga kamugtakan sa salud, an paggamit ninda bilang gikanan nin pagkontrol sa limitasyon kan virus asin siring man para sa personal na proteksion tanganing malikayan an impeksio source pagkontrol.<ref name="AR2021">{{Cite journal|title=Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases|journal=Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering|volume=23|issue=1|pages=547–577|date=July 2021|pmid=34255991|doi=10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044}}</ref> Tamang sulot an mga masel kapwa sa limitasyon kan mga turo sa paghangos asin aerosol na pinapalakop nin mga indibiduwal na may helang asin nagtatabang na maprotehiran an marahay na salud na mga indibiduwal sa impeksiyon respiratortoryo.<ref name="interplay">{{Cite journal|title=Examining the interplay between face mask usage, asymptomatic transmission, and social distancing on the spread of COVID-19|date=6 August 2021|volume=11|journal=[[Scientific Reports]]|doi=10.1038/s41598-021-94960-5}}</ref> An Populasyon-ribong maskarang epektibo sa paghira kan transporasyon kan COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj-2021-068302|date=18 November 2021}}</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/johndrake/2022/02/04/the-real-world-effectiveness-of-face-masks-against-covid-19/?sh=3fafe651d085 The Real-World Effectiveness Of Face Masks Against Covid-19] by John Drake, director of the Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases at the University of Georgia</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html Science Brief: Community Use of Masks to Control the Spread of SARS-CoV-2] ''Experimental and epidemiologic data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, including alpha and delta variants, among adults and children. [...] Mask use has been found to be safe and is not associated with clinically significant impacts on respiration or gas exchange under most circumstances, except for intense exercise. The limited available data indicate no clear evidence that masking impairs emotional or language development in children.'' ''[I]n combination with other contextual cues, masks are unlikely to produce serious impairments of children’s social interactions. A study of 2-year-old children concluded that they were able to recognize familiar words presented without a mask and when hearing words through opaque masks. Among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), interventions including positive reinforcement and coaching caregivers to teach mask wearing have improved participants’ ability to wear a face mask. These findings suggest that even children who may have difficulty wearing a mask can do so effectively through targeted interventions.''</ref> An mga Masko nag - efficacy, kaiba an N95 asin surgikal na mga maskara na nagpapaluwas nin mga maskarang tela, na mas lakop huli sa kakulangan nin kuwarta,[7] alagad minsan an mga maskarang tela, na may pagkakibang nin tela asin maskara, nagtatao sa mga nagsusulot nin substantial na proteksion sa mga parti na may koneksion sa COVID-19.[2] Sa mga retrato na makukuang tela, na may dobleng kotton, mestisong mga maskara, asin kotton flantel na ginigibo sa pinakamarahay asin epektibong pag - oswag sa mga pag - adal sa pankagabsan na paagi, an mga pag - estudyar sa mga pag - adal na may koneksion sa moral.<ref name="lan-chu">{{Cite journal|title=Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis|date=June 2020}}</ref> An mga mask ginamit na marhay sa bilog na kinaban. Kan Marso 2021, kinakarkulong 129 bilyon na lalawgon an ginagamit kada bulan. == Mga Silo nin mga masks ==   Sa COVID-19ng pandemiko, irinerekomendar kan mga gobyerno an paggamit nin mga maskarang lalawgon tanganing malikayan an transporasyon kan COVID-19 sa mga tawong may helang. An mga masitas na may plorera dai irinerekomendar huli ta pinaluluwas ninda an panluwas na hinangos kan nagsusulot kaiyan, asin an naulakitan na nagsusulot ipapaabot an mga virus paagi sa valve. An ikaduwang katuyohan kan mga masel sa lalawgon iyo na maprotehiran an lambang nagsusulot sa mga palibot na pwedeng makaolakit kaini, na pwedeng gibohon kan dakul na modelo nin masel.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Center for Devices and Radiological Health|date=2021-09-15|title=N95 Respirators, Surgical Masks, Face Masks, and Barrier Face Coverings|url=https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/n95-respirators-surgical-masks-face-masks-and-barrier-face-coverings|journal=FDA}}</ref> Sa pag - oltanan kan laen - laen na klase nin masel na irinerekomendar sa bilog na COVID-19ng epidemya, na mas halangkaw o mas hababang an epekto, posibleng kaiba iyan: [nangangaipo nin toltolan] Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. * Mga maskarang tela * Mga masks sa sur (medikal na masel). surikal na masks. * An nakokonektar na mga maskara, na ibinibilang na mga respirator, na may mga certipikasyon arog kan N95 asin N99, asin FFP. fr-cover na mga maskara. certations. N95. FP. * Nagtatarantang mga respirator na may mga certipikasyon arog kan N95 asin N99, asin FFP. pagsali sa mga respirator. certipikasyon. N95. FP. * An iba pang respirator, kaiba an rastomeric respirator, na an nagkapira kaiyan puede man na ibilang na nagkikilyab na mga maskara. elastomeric respirators. Igwa nin iba pang klase nin personal na nagpoprotehir na kagamitan (PPE), arog kan mga kalasag asin golging medikal, na kun beses ginagamit kadungan nin mga maskara nin lalauogon alagad dai irinerekomendar bilang kasalida. personal probendic gamit. An iba pang klaseng PPE kaiba an mga glove, aprons, gaha, shoe cover asin pantakop sa buhok. Nagkaigwa nin mga kakulangan nin masel, na nagbunga kan paggamit nin daing labot na mga maskara, na mas grabe an ginigibo. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Global risk to the community and clinical setting: Flocking of fake masks and protective gears during the COVID-19 pandemic|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=48|issue=8|pages=964–965|date=August 2020|pmid=32405127|pmc=7219383|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.008}}</ref> === Mga masks na tela === [[Ladawan:Twoclothfacemasks101.jpeg|wala|thumb|Mga maskarang tela]] An tela na natubang maskara sa nguso asin dungo asin gibo sa ordinaryong mga tela arog kan gapas. An mga masitas nagkakalaenlaen na marhay sa pagigin epektibo, depende sa mga bagay na arog baga kan materyal, tama asin tatak, asin bilang nin mga suon. An mga ini parati bakong gayong epektibo sa pagsangat kisa sa mga masel sa operasyon asin mas dikit an proteksion.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021|title=Filtration Performance of Layering Masks and Face Coverings and the Reusability of Cotton Masks after Repeated Washing and Drying|url=https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-21-05-oa-0117}}</ref><ref name="Filtration Efficiencies of Nanoscal">{{Cite journal|title=Filtration Efficiencies of Nanoscale Aerosol by Cloth Mask Materials Used to Slow the Spread of SARS-CoV-2|date=July 2020}}</ref> Bakong arog nin nakakahaleng mga maskara, mayo nin hinahagad na mga pamantayan para sa mga maskara nin tela.<ref name="scoping">{{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|date=May 2020}}</ref> Naaraman nin sarong 2020 na pag - adal na an sarong maskara nin tela mas marahay kisa sa mayo, alagad bakong arog karahay nin sarong malumhok na pantahob sa elektrisidad para sa nagpoprotehir na mga trabahador sa healthcare mantang pinoanimar an pagbolong sa sarong pasyente na artipisyal an pagkaulakit. <ref name="scoping">{{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|date=May 2020}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGarcia_GodoyJonesAndersonFisher2020">Garcia Godoy LR, Jones AE, Anderson TN, Fisher CL, Seeley KM, Beeson EA, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review"]. ''BMJ Global Health''. '''5''' (5): e002553. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553|10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553]]. [[PMC (idenifier) |PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 7228486]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371574 32371574].</cite></ref> An pagsiyasat sa komun na makukuang mga tela na ginagamit sa mga masel sa tela nadukayan na an mga masel sa tela pwedeng magtao nin dakulang proteksyon laban sa pagtransasyon kan mga partikulasyon sa aroalsang hiwas, na may orog na ginigibo sa balyo kan nanoscale asin mikroscale kun mga masel nag'uusar kapwa mekanikal asin elektrostik-based filtriation, alagad an pagle huli sa salang gamit pwedeng magratak.<ref name="pmid32329337">{{Cite journal|title=Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks|date=May 2020}}</ref> An pagrepaso sa makukuang pagsiyasat na ipinublikar kan Enero 2021 nagkonklusyon na an mga maskara nin tela dai ibinibilang na igo tanganing protehiran an mga doktor sa helang sa klinika.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Potential for Cloth Masks to Protect Health Care Clinicians From SARS-CoV-2: A Rapid Review|date=2021-01-01}}</ref> Ang 2013 pag-adal igwa nin mga boluntaryo na nakasulot nin mga maskarang gibo ninda sa gapas T-shirt, kasunod kan dalagan nin estandarteng takod sa likod kan payo na surgikal na masel, asin nakua an bilang nin mikrospikong mga partikula na nag-iinog sa laog kan mga maskarang pankomehimo doble kan sa komersyal na mga masel.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: would they protect in an influenza pandemic?|date=August 2013}}</ref> An pag - inom nin mga maskarang gibo sa harong nagsubli man nin sarong media na may promedyong tolong doble kan dakol na mikroorganismo bilang komersial na mga maskara. median. Alagad nanompongan kan saro pang 2020 na pag - adal na an mga masel na gibo sa kisiera duwang suon nin telang T-shirt puwedeng magin siring kamapagprotehir tumang sa mga turo nin virus siring sa mga masks sa medisina, asin siring sa paghangos.<ref name="pmid32835043">{{Cite journal|title=Performance of fabrics for home-made masks against the spread of COVID-19 through droplets: A quantitative mechanistic study|date=October 2020}}</ref> [[Ladawan:How_to_wear_a_non-medical_fabric_mask_safely_-_Do's_&_Don'ts.png|too|thumb|An World Health Organization infile sa kun paano magsulot nin sarong metal na daing-garo.]] An 2020 na katakin na sumaryo kan ipinublikar na mga babasahon dapit sa mga kakayahan nin tela asin mga masks sa tela nagrerekomendar nin duwa sa apat na suon nin kaplanodohan-dagat na gapas o flanel na kisuerra 100 na giso kada laog.<ref name="pmid33012350">{{Cite journal|title=Forgotten Technology in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Filtration Properties of Cloth and Cloth Masks-A Narrative Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=95|issue=10|pages=2204–2224|date=October 2020|pmid=33012350|pmc=7834536|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.020}}</ref> Igwa nin hanapbuhay igdi ta orog na nadadagdagan an bilang kan mga lapay an pagkagamiaw kan materyal alagad nag'uina nin paghangos. Kan Mayo 2020, mayong pag-aadal sa pagdesinyo asin pagsusisa kan mga maskarang tela.<ref name="scoping">{{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|date=May 2020}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGarcia_GodoyJonesAndersonFisher2020">Garcia Godoy LR, Jones AE, Anderson TN, Fisher CL, Seeley KM, Beeson EA, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review"]. ''BMJ Global Health''. '''5''' (5): e002553. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553|10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553]]. [[PMC (idenifier) |PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 7228486]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371574 32371574].</cite></ref> Irinerekomendar kan CD an paghale nin maskara paagi sa pagkapot sana kan mga loob o kurbata sa talinga, direktang pagbugtak kaiyan sa sarong makina sa paglaba, asin tolos - tolos na paghanaw nin kamot sa sabon asin tubig sa kisuerra duwang polong segundo. An malipot na tubig ibinibilang na epektibo bilang mainit na tubig para sa pagkaraot. An CD nagrerekomendar man nin paglabag kamot bago ikaag an masks asin otro pakadukay kaini. === Surgical na masks === [[Ladawan:How_to_a_wear_medical_mask_safely_-_Do's_&_Don'ts.png|wala|thumb|An World Health Organization nagpapatunay kun paano magbubugtak nin maskara sa medisina na ligtas]] An sarong nakakaulakit na maskara sarong malaswa, nakakadisposisyon na maskara na nagbubunga nin pisikal na olang na nagseseparar kan ngoso asin dungo kan nagsusulot sa potensial na mga ati sa pinakaharaning palibot. Kun isinusulot nin tama, an sarong nakakasurok na maskara sinadya tanganing makatabang na olangon an darakulang turo nin dagat, lutaban, ssikur, o splakter na puedeng igwa nin mga virus asin bakterya, na dai maabot an ngoso asin dungo kan nagsusulot. An mga masks sa palibot tibaad makatabang man na mainaan an pagkalantad sa iba sa saliva asin respiratoryo. saliva. Mga masks na ginigibo sa iba-ibang pamantayan sa iba-ibang parte kan kinaban may iba-ibang hiwas nin mga partila na saindang kina'ban. Halimbawa, an Republika nin Tsina tinatahoban an duwang klase nin siring na mga masel: Mga nagsosolo-solong masel sa medisina (Chinese estandarteng YY/T 099) asin surgikal na mga masel (YY 469). An mga huri hinahagadan na magsangat nin bacteria-sibilisadong mga partikula (BFE 95%) asin nagkapirang virus-sweltong mga partikula (PFE 30%), mantang an mga naenot obligado sanang magsangat nin bacteria-siling particle. BFE<ref name="YY0469">[https://max.book118.com/html/2020/0409/8133012113002105.shtm 中华人民共和国医药行业标准：YY 0469–2011 医用外科口罩（Surgical mask）] (in Chinese)</ref><ref name="YY0969">[https://max.book118.com/html/2018/0406/160266636.shtm 中华人民共和国医药行业标准：YY/T 0969–2013 一次性使用医用口罩（Single-use medical face mask）] (in Chinese)</ref> ==== Mga Modyasyon ==== An saro pang klase nin pagliliwat iyo an katuyohan na pakarhayon an kaginhawahan kan mga nagsusulot kaiyan. Sa amay na panahon kan pandemiko, an mga trabahador sa healthcare inoobligar na padagos na magsulot nin mga masks sa operasyon sa laog nin 12 o labi pang oras kada aldaw. Ini an nagkawsa sa talinga kan mga masks na makaratak sa likod kan saindang talinga. An enot na mga paradamot, plastik na mga pansoksok asin kuko na naglilibot sa payo kan nagsusulot, inimbento tanganing parayoon an talinga sa talinga kan nagsusulot. E. Puwede sindang hagadan paagi sa paggamit nin 3D na pag - imprenta. 3D na pag - imprenta.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://opensourcemedicalsupplies.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Design-Make-Protect_21.01.27.pdf|title=Design, Make, Protect: A report on the Open Source Maker and Manufacturer Response to the COVID-19 PPE Crisis|vauthors=Cavalcanti G, Cocciole C, Cole C, Forgues A, Jaqua V, Jones-Davis D, Merlo S|date=2021|publisher=Open Source Medical Supplies & Nation of Makers|pages=22, 46|access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> === Naggagrabeng mga respirator === [[Ladawan:3M_N95_Particulate_Respirator.JPG|wala|thumb|N95 maskara]] An sarong masks na N95 sarong partikular na aatubange-filtering respirator na nakasabat sa N95 efillration na nag - aakto sa US National Institute para sa Occupational Safety asin Salud, na an boot sabihon mga awat kaiyan kisuerra 95 porsiento kan mga partision sa aire, mantang bakong kontra sa lana arog kan P95. N95 maskara. Ini an pinakakomun na panhuring pankabtang na respirator. Iyan halimbawa nin mekanikal na fiilter respirator, na nagtatao nin proteksion tumang sa mga partikulasyon, alagad bakong mga gas o alisngaw. mechanical filter respirator. partiulates. vapors. Arog kan tahaw na suon nin surgikal na mga masks, an artistang N95 gibo sa apat na suon nin natutunaw na daing laog na telang polypropylene.<ref name="Naveed">{{Cite journal|title=Controversies regarding mask usage in ophthalmic units in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic|date=July 2020}}</ref><ref name="scoping">{{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|date=May 2020}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGarcia_GodoyJonesAndersonFisher2020">Garcia Godoy LR, Jones AE, Anderson TN, Fisher CL, Seeley KM, Beeson EA, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review"]. ''BMJ Global Health''. '''5''' (5): e002553. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553|10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553]]. [[PMC (idenifier) |PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 7228486]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371574 32371574].</cite></ref><ref name="VOADeliver">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/world-depends-china-face-masks-can-country-deliver|title=World Depends on China for Face Masks But Can Country Deliver?|date=19 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/16/814929294/covid-19-has-caused-a-shortage-of-face-masks-but-theyre-surprisingly-hard-to-mak|title=COVID-19 Has Caused A Shortage Of Face Masks. But They're Surprisingly Hard To Make|date=16 March 2020}}</ref>] An magkaabay na lalawgon maskarang ginagamit sa Unyon Europeo iyo an FFP2 respirator. European Union. FP2 respirator. An matagas na mga maskarang elektrilya arog kan N95 asin FFP dapat na angay sa lalauogon na magtao nin lubos na proteksion. An daing kontrol na mga naggagamit parateng nagkakaigwa nin rasonableng angay, alagad mayo pang saro sa apat an nagigin sangkap na angay. Sa siring, an pagbalo sa lobong pamantayan. Sarong linya nin petroleum jelly sa gilid kan masks an ipinahiling tanganing mabawasan an pagdukot sa tarom sa mga pag - eksamin gamit an mga mannequin na nagmuhangos. petroleum jelly. mannequin t.<ref name="source">{{Cite journal|title=Respiratory source control using a surgical mask: An in vitro study|journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene|volume=13|issue=7|pages=569–576|date=July 2016|pmid=26225807|pmc=4873718|doi=10.1080/15459624.2015.1043050}}</ref><ref name="scoping">{{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|journal=BMJ Global Health|volume=5|issue=5|pages=e002553|date=May 2020|pmid=32371574|pmc=7228486|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGarcia_GodoyJonesAndersonFisher2020">Garcia Godoy LR, Jones AE, Anderson TN, Fisher CL, Seeley KM, Beeson EA, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review"]. ''BMJ Global Health''. '''5''' (5): e002553. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553|10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553]]. [[PMC (idenifier) |PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 7228486]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371574 32371574].</cite></ref><ref name="source" /> An ibang B95 seryeng respirator, orog na idtong tuyong gamit sa industriya, may exlasyon na nag'ulak ngane mapakarhay an ranga, ginigibong mas pasil asin nakakapula an paglehe dapit sa ekstalasyon asin pag'isog nin mga baso. Alagad an mga parabawing idto bakong masasarigan para sa pagkontrol kan mga tawong may helang (sa maluyang kontrol) sa pabalikbalik na mga helang na arog kan COVID-19, huli ta inulakitan an mga naggagamit (simplomtomatiko o bako) ipapaabot an virus sa iba paagi sa valve. Durante kan COVID-19 na pandemiko, nagkaigwa nin mga kakulangan nin nakauldot na mga respirato, asin kaipuhan na gamiton iyan sa halawig na mga panahon, asin/o dai naano asin naotro. Kan panahon na idto, an mga autoridad sa salud kan publiko nagpaluwas nin mga giya kun paano ililigtas, pagkadiskontento asin mga maskara, mantang rinaot nin nagkapirang paagi nin dai pagkakaoyon an saindang tibay sa pag - olang. An nagkapirang ospital nag - iikit nin mga maskara bilang pag - iingat, asin an nagkapira kinaipuhan na sagomon asin gumamit giraray nin mga maskara.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Researchers looking at innovative ways to sterilize single-use masks|date=10 April 2020}}</ref> === Napapaatubang sa mga kalasag asin proteksion nin mata === [[Ladawan:200323-Z-NI803-0964.jpg|thumb|An sarong nagtatrabaho sa medisina na nakasulot nin kalasag sa ibang personal na protehidong kasangkapan sa COVID-19 na lugar nin pag - eksamin.]] Dai irinerekomendar kan US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) an paggamit kan mga kalasag nin lalawgon bilang kasalihid nin mga maskara tanganing makatabang na luway - luway na maglakop an COVID-19. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Sa sarong pag-adal ni Lindsley et al. (7 January 2021) na binayaod kan National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, kabtang kan CDC, may mga kalasag na nakua tanganing olangon an pipira sanang kasangkapan na pankontrol sa saradit na aparato na arog baga kan mga maskara sa tela, mga maskara sa prosedimiento, asin N95 respiratador - nagpaparisa na an mga kalasag bakong gayong epektibo bilang mga instrumento sa pagkontrol para sa saradit na resiryo asin na an pagtahob mas epektibo kisa sa mga aparato sa pagkontrol sa komunidad. Sa makasising na repaso, an Diosoy et al. (5 Mayo 2020) na sinasabi na napapaatubang sa mga kalasag an ginagamit para sa proteksion sa lanob tumang sa daing sala asin daing pakundangan na pag - ati, alagad dai maninigong gamiton bilang pangenot na proteksion tumang sa helang sa paghangos huli sa kadaihan nin tatak na periferal imbes na bilang reglamento sa iba pang proteksion sa lalauogon. Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="scoping">{{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|journal=BMJ Global Health|volume=5|issue=5|pages=e002553|date=May 2020|pmid=32371574|pmc=7228486|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGarcia_GodoyJonesAndersonFisher2020">Garcia Godoy LR, Jones AE, Anderson TN, Fisher CL, Seeley KM, Beeson EA, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review"]. ''BMJ Global Health''. '''5''' (5): e002553. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553|10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553]]. [[PMC (idenifier) |PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486 7228486]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371574 32371574].</cite></ref> Sinda nagkomento na an atubangan nin mga kalasag ginamit na siring kaini kasabay kan mga maskarang medikal-grade durante kan COVID-19 na pandemiko.<ref name="scoping" /> Nagsirbe sinda nin salng pag-adal ni Lindsley et al. (2014) na kun saen pigpapahiling an mga kalasag tanganing mainaan an peligro nin pagkalantad kanilay abot sa 95% kasunod tolos kan produksyon nin aerosol, alagad an proteksyon pinadikit nin mas sadit na aerosol na mga particle asin padagos na mga air containsions sa palibot kan mga gilid.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy of face shields against cough aerosol droplets from a cough simulator|journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene|volume=11|issue=8|pages=509–518|date=3 August 2014|pmid=24467190|pmc=4734356|doi=10.1080/15459624.2013.877591}} Cited in {{Cite journal|title=Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review|journal=BMJ Global Health|volume=5|issue=5|pages=e002553|date=May 2020|pmid=32371574|pmc=7228486|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553}}</ref> An sistematikong pagrepaso kan mga pag-adal sa obserbasyon sa transporasyon nin coronaviruses, na pigtanggap kan World Health Organization na napoprotektaran an mata kaiba an mga kalasag sa lalawgon kaayon sa bakong gayong impeksyon (mga katakod na ratio 0.22; 95% kompiansa sa pag - oltanan nin 0·12 sagkod 0·39), alagad an ebidensia orog na nagin bakong segurado.<ref name="lan-chu">{{Cite journal|title=Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10242|pages=1973–1987|date=June 2020|pmid=32497510|pmc=7263814|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFChuAklDudaSolo2020">Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schünemann HJ (June 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7263814 "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''395''' (10242): 1973–1987. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9|10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9]]</span>. [[PMC (idenifier) |PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7263814 7263814]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32497510 32497510].</cite></ref> === Mga respirator sa Elastomeriko === [[Ladawan:Сырчин45.jpg|too|thumb|Mga Surgeon na nakasulot nin kompletong respiratomeric respirator mantang naggigibo nin tracheostomy sa sarong COVID-19 na pasyente sa Russia tracheostomy.]] An mga respirator sa Elastomerikong gamit an pagprotektar na binibilog nin higot na kabangang-aki o pano-bilog na respirator na may magkaribay na mga awat arog kan cartridge filters.<ref name="elastomeric" /> Nagtatao an mga ini nin alternatibong respiratoryo proteksyon sa pagsangat nin mga respirato arog kan N95 masel. An nagkapirang trabahador sa salud ginamit iyan durante nin mga panahon nin kakulangan nin suplay na bunga kan pandemiko, ta puede sindang idagos giraray sa halawig na panahon sa mga kamugtakan sa salud.<ref name="chi-ela">{{Cite journal|title=Elastomeric respirators are safer and more sustainable alternatives to disposable N95 masks during the coronavirus outbreak|date=July 2020}}</ref> Alagad, an kadaklan sa mga respirator sa elastomeric igwang daing-patod na paratinda na iyo an matogot sa virus na maglakop sa nagsusulot.<ref name="chi-ela" /> Para sa COVID-19ng simbag kun haralipot an mga suplay, an US CDC nagsasabi na an mga estratehiya sa pagkonsentrasyon asin krisis maninigong sunodon: An kada resplikadong respirator pinapaluwas para sa eksklusibong paggamit nin sarong indibiduwal na parasustento sa salud alagad dapat na linigan asin itapok nin parate siring sa kinakaipuhan tanganing magdanay na daing pakinabang asin nasa toltol na kamugtakan. Kun mayo nin ibang pagpipilian apuera sa pagkaigwa nin respirator sa pag - oltanan nin mga parasustento sa salud, an respirator kaipuhan na linigan asin pakaraoton bago iyan isulot nin ibang indibiduwal. An mga Filipina (apuera sa mga klase na dai man pigproteksiyon) puwedeng gamiton sa halawig na peryodo, pero an aliter na istaran nin mga tipo nin cartridge dapat na maribong pagkatapos kan kada pasyenteng interaksion. === Pinirit na mga respirator sa duros === An sarong matibayon na respirator sa duros (PAPR) sarong personal na pangprotehir na gamit na kun saen an sarong aparato na may filter asin imahe nagbubunga nin hustong gayong duros pasiring sa headpiece asin positibong panluwas na duros hale sa headpiece.<ref name="how-agp">{{Cite journal|title=High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|volume=163|issue=1|pages=98–103|date=July 2020|pmid=32396451|doi=10.1177/0194599820927335}}</ref> Igwa nin mas dakula na peligro para sa mga nagtatrabaho sa healthcare na mabuyagyag sa SARS-CoV-2 kun sinda nagkokondukta nin mga prosedimientong aerosol-generting sa COVID-19 na mga pasyente, na iyo an rason kun taano ta an siring na mga situwasyon tibaad mangaipo nin dagdag na personal na pamprotehir na kagamitan (i.e., mas halangkaw kisa N95) siring baga sa PAPRs for healthcare worker. aerosol-generting na mga prosedimiento.<ref name="how-agp">{{Cite journal|title=High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations|date=July 2020}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHoward2020">Howard BE (July 2020). [[doi:10.1177/0194599820927335|"High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations"]]. ''Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery''. '''163''' (1): 98–103. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1177/0194599820927335|10.1177/0194599820927335]]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32396451 32396451].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review|date=May 2020}}</ref> Sa sarong sistematikong pagrepaso, si Licina, Silvers, asin Stuart (8 Agosto 2020) nagsabi nin mga pag - adal sa langtad na nagpapaheling na igwa nin katumbas na bilang nin impeksion sa pag - oltanan nin mga nagtatrabaho sa healthcare, na naggibo nin mga prosedimiento sa airway dapit sa mapagkritikang mga pasyenteng COVID-19, na ginagamit an PAPRs o iba pang angay na kasangkapan sa paghangos (arog kan N95 o FFP2), alagad nagkomento na igwa nin pangangaipo na magtipon nin dugang pang impormasyon manongod sa pinakamarahay na proteksion sa paghangos sa panahon nin labi - labi - labi - labi - labi nanggad na kaogmahan.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Use of powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) by healthcare workers for preventing highly infectious viral diseases-a systematic review of evidence|date=August 2020}}</ref> == Raasyon para sa pagsulot nin mga maskara == [[Ladawan:Two_subjects_in_position_in_front_of_the_schlieren_mirror._Figure_4,_Journal.pone.0021392.g004.png|thumb|Schlien icon na nagpapaheling kan interaksion nin nakotkot na mga doros sa pag - oltanan nin duwang tawo. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Qualitative real-time schlieren and shadowgraph imaging of human exhaled airflows: an aid to aerosol infection control|date=22 June 2011}}</ref>]] Piggagamit an mga Masks tanganing malimitaran an transaksion kan SARS-CoV-2 kan mga respiratoryal na turos asin aerosolya, na pighuhuna iyo an mayor na mga dalan nin impeksyon, naluwas sa mga naulakitan na indibidwal sa panahon nin paghangos, pagtaram, pagdukot, asin pag'singla'. SARS-CoV-2<ref name="AR2021">{{Cite journal|title=Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases|date=July 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBourouiba2021">Bourouiba L (July 2021). "Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases". ''Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering''. '''23''' (1): 547–577. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044|10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044]]. [[Hdl (idenifier) |hdl]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F131115 1721.1/131115]</span>. [[PMID (idenfier) |PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34255991 34255991]. [[S2CID (idenfier) |S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235823756 235823756].</cite></ref><ref name="ver-vis">{{Cite journal|title=Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets|date=June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2|date=June 2020}}</ref> Tamang sulot na mga masel epektibo sa paglimitar sa paglakop kan virus nin naulakitan na indibiduwal asin pagprotehir sa sarong indibiduwal na dai naano an impeksion.<ref name="interplay">{{Cite journal|title=Examining the interplay between face mask usage, asymptomatic transmission, and social distancing on the spread of COVID-19|date=6 August 2021|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-94960-5}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCatchingCapponiTe_YehBianco2021">Catching, Adam; Capponi, Sara; Te Yeh, Ming; Bianco, Simone; Andino, Raul (6 August 2021). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-94960-5 "Examining the interplay between face mask usage, asymptomatic transmission, and social distancing on the spread of COVID-19"]. ''[[Mga Report sa siensia |Scientific Reports]]''. [[Syudad nin Naga Portfolio |Nature Portfolio]]. '''11'''. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94960-5|10.1038/s41598-021-94960-5]]. <q>Masks prevent the spread of droplets and aerosols generated by an infected individual, and when correctly worn surgical masks can reduce viral transmission by 95%. Uninfected individuals wearing a surgical mask are about 85% protected against infection.</q></cite></ref> An Nasyunal na Komisyon sa Salud kan Tsina tinata'wan doon an mga minasunod na rason sa pagsulot nin mga masel kan publiko, kaiba an mga marayrahay na mga indibidwal: .National Health Commission # Apoktotikong pagpaabot. Dakol na tawo an puedeng maulakitan na mayo nin mga sintomas o may maluya sanang mga sintomas. # An pagkadiperensia o pagigin imposible nin angay na sosyal na dai pagkakaoyon sa dakol na pampublikong lugar sa gabos na panahon. # Kost-benefit mismatch. Kun an may helang na mga indibiduwal magsulot sana nin maskara, posibleng magkaigwa sinda nin negatibong pan - enganyar na gibohon iyan. An may helang na indibiduwal tibaad mayo nin makuang positibo, alagad igwa sana kan mga gastos na arog baga kan kadepisilan, pagbakal nin mga gastos, asin prehuwisyo pa ngani. # Mayong kakulangan an mga masel sa Tsina. An nasyon igwa nin kakayahan sa produksyon na maatubang an pangangaipo sa mga masks. == Efficacy == An Populasyon-wideng masks nagtaong dakulang epekto sa paghira kan COVID-19.<ref name="Ju">{{Cite journal|title=Face masks against COVID-19: Standards, efficacy, testing and decontamination methods|journal=Advances in Colloid and Interface Science|volume=292|pages=102435|date=June 2021|pmid=33971389|pmc=8084286|doi=10.1016/j.cis.2021.102435}}</ref> Minsan siring, an mga masks bakong pantay - pantay na kakayahan. Minsan ngani an mga pag - adal sa salud dai nagpaheling nin dakulang pagkakalaen sa pag - oltanan kan duwa, arog kan Hunyo 2021.[1] An N95 sagkod surgikal na mga maskara, na parehong dinisenyo para sa saro sanang pag - adal sa salud, puedeng makaolakit sa pagkawara kaiyan tanganing itago an integridad asin pagkaperlihensia.[3] Parehong iyan asin sa operasyon na nasa luwas, na ginamit kan publiko na mas dakula an kakayahan kaiyan durante kan mga kakulangan nin kuarta.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy of cloth face mask in prevention of novel coronavirus infection transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Journal of Education and Health Promotion|volume=9|pages=192|date=2020|pmid=33015206|pmc=7497125|doi=10.4103/jehp.jehp_533_20}}</ref> An saradit na maskara bakong igo para sa mga nagtatrabaho sa healthcare asin dai irinerekomendar, sono sa duwang daing piling pagkontrol sa mga pagbalo. == Tamang pagkapot asin pagsulot nin mga maskara == [[Ladawan:17.Before.NDOP.BaltimoreMD.30May2020_(50021311482).jpg|wala|thumb|An sarong tama an pagkaatubang na maskara nakatatahob sa dungo, nguso, asin kusin.]] Mantang nagigin lakop an masks durante kan epidemya, ini nagpalataw kan isyu na an dakol na indibiduwal sa publiko bakong tama an pagkapot asin pagsulot kan saindang mga masel. Suzanne Willard, sarong klinikal na propesor sa Rutgers School of Nursing, nagkomento na an pankagabsan na publiko dai ginagamit sa pagsulot nin mga maskara asin lego pinagamit an sarong kasangkapan sa pag - ataman sa salud na sinanay na gamiton kan mga propesyonal. Rutgers School of Nursing. [[Ladawan:Gov._Wolf_Announces_$225_Million_Grant_Program_for_Small_Businesses_Impacted_by_COVID-19_(49984832558).jpg|thumb|An lalawgon maingat na hinahalean nin kontrol paagi sa pagkapot kan mga gakod o loob na daing duta sa enotan.]] == Mga kakulangan nin mga masks sa lalawgon == === Amay na epidemya sa kontinenteng Tsina === Mantang nag - oorog an epidemya, an mayor na sadan sa Tsina nagkaigwa nin kakulangan nin mga masel sa lalawgon huli sa nadugangan na kahagadan kan publiko.<ref name="sohu161795">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/368299105_161795|title=一罩难求：南都民调实测走访发现，线上线下口罩基本卖脱销|date=21 January 2020}}</ref> An mga maskara sa pag - ayuno tolos - tolos na ipinabakal sa mga tindahan sa bilog na Tsina.<ref name="udn4304194">{{Cite news|url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5648/4304194|title=全球各地瘋搶口罩 專家：不必買N95|date=23 January 2020}}</ref> Huli sa pag - asikaso asin presyo, nakatipon iyan nin presyo, kaya sinabi kan regulador sa sadan na gagabaon kaiyan an siring na mga gibo.<ref name="southcn190111854">{{Cite news|url=http://economy.southcn.com/e/2020-01/21/content_190111854.htm|title=广东市场监管部门：将坚决打击囤积居奇、哄抬价格等行为|date=21 January 2020}}</ref> Kan Enero 2020, inimponer an mga kontrol sa presyo sa gabos na lalawgon sa Taobao asin Tmall. Taobao. Tmall.<ref name="ycwb30486944">{{Cite news|url=http://news.ycwb.com/2020-01/22/content_30486944.htm|title=口罩买不到怎么办？这些药店平台春节期间持续供应|date=22 January 2020}}</ref> Iba pang mga plataporma sa e-komerceng Intsik - JD.com, Suning.com, Pinduoduo - ginibo man iyan; An un-partidong paratinda sakop nin mga saray na presyo, na may mga paralapas na nagpapasakop sa mga sansiyon. [nangangaipo nin toltolan]. JD.com.Suning.com.ph.Kinua 25-02-18 Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Pag'abot kan Marso, an Tsina nag'aayog sa produksyon kaini sa sanggatos na milyon na masel lambang aldaw. === paghabon === An mga paghabon nin mga maskara sa lalauogon asin iba pang personal na panprotehir na kasangkapan ibinareta sa mga ospital sa Estados Unidos asin iba pang nasyon. An Naval Medical Center San Diego nagpoon nin mandaryang bag-ong para sa mga sayantipikong myembro, matapos an nagkapirang insidente nin paghabon. Naval Medical Center San Diego An mga ospital sa Canada nagbareta na an paghabon sa PPE nagin ordinaryong marhay kaya kinaipuhan na itago an mga masel. Sono sa mga tawohan sa ospital, an palakaw na paglockdohon an PPE parateng nagbubunga nin mga kahagadan kan mga tawohan para sa PPE na dinedeharan. An mga paghabon sa mga maskarang N95 ibinareta hale sa nakabarat na opisina sa ospital sa South Carolina asin paluwas sa pagkarga nin mga pantalan sa Unibersidad nin Washington. University of Washington. Duwang ribong masks sa operasyon an hinabon sa sarong ospital sa Marseille, Pransia durante kan enot na mga bulan kan COVID-19 pagputok, kan Marso. An mga masks hinabon sa lugar kan ospital na pwede sanang ilaog kan mga pasyente sa operasyon asin sayantipiko. An sarong empleyado sa ospital sa Coopertown, Nueva York inakusar nin misdemeano larceny para sa kaagid na pangyayari. Cooperstown. Inarestar an mga empleyado sa ospital sa West Java, Indonesia huli sa paghabon sa ginatos na kahon nin mga maskara nin lalauogon asin pagpabakal kaiyan sa sadan kan mga itom. West Java. Pakalihis nin sarong bulan an sarong ospital sa ospital sa Indiana nagreport nin paghabon sa Aghensiang Drug Enforement. Drug Enforcement Agta. Kaiba an morphine, na may halaga sa tinampo na kinakarkulong $30.00, an mga parahabon, na an saro empleyado kan ospital asin igwa nin baraha, naghabon nin mga maskara asin iba pang bagay na may diperensia. morphine. Sa reklamong kriminal, na nagsangat sa korte federal nin Indiana, an sarong opisyal sa trabaho kan DEA nagsabi: === Paglaglag sa mga guerra === Durante kan Guerra sa Tig-init na nagpoon kan Nobyembre 2020, an pagsayang kan paagi nin pakaligtas nagbunga bako sanang nin emerhensiang mga kamugtakan nin kakulangan sa kakanon kundi pati nin mga kahaditan manongod sa pagpadalagan kan COVID-19 pandemika. Tagray War. pagsayang kan mga paagi nin kaligtasan. emergatibong mga kamugtakan nin dai pag - inom nin kakanon. Kan Enero 2021, lima sana sa sampolong ospital an "pitolo na nakakasakat" asin kadaklan na ospital sa luwas kan kabiserang Tigrayan na Mekelle an hinabon o naraot. Mekelle. === N95 asin FFP maskara === An mga maskarang N95 asin FFP haralipot an suplay asin halangkaw na pangangaipo durante kan COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 na epidemya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/public-global-health/489782-feds-have-15-million-expired-n95-masks-in-storage|title=Feds have 1.5 million expired N95 masks in storage despite CDC clearing them for use on COVID-19: report}}</ref> An pagprodusir nin mga maskarang N95 limitado huli sana sa mga kontra sa suplay nin telang poryon na polypropylene (na ginagamit bilang an pangenot na filter), siring man an pag - apon nin mga eksport hale sa Tsina. nonwloven polypropylene. Chinana<ref name="VOADeliver">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/world-depends-china-face-masks-can-country-deliver|title=World Depends on China for Face Masks But Can Country Deliver?}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFZie2020">Zie J (19 March 2020). [https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/world-depends-china-face-masks-can-country-deliver "World Depends on China for Face Masks But Can Country Deliver?"]. [[Tingog nin Amerika |Voice of America]].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-pressures-supply-chain-for-protective-masks-11583552527|title=Critical Component of Protective Masks in Short Supply – The epidemic has driven up demand for material in N95 filters; 'everyone thinks there is this magic factory somewhere'}}</ref> An Tsina kontrolado an limang polong porsyento nin mga masel sa bilog na globo, asin inatubang an sadiring epidemyang coronavirus kaini, pigdedikar an gabos na produksyon kaini para sa gamit sa laog nin harong, na nagtutugot sana mag'eksportar paagi kan tabang pantawo sa gobyerno.<ref name="VOADeliver" /> === Estados Unidos === Kan Marso 2020, pig-aplikar kan US President Donald Trump an Defense Production Act laban sa kompanyang Amerikano na 3M, na minatugot sa Federal Emergence Management Agency para makakua nin N95 respirators hali sa 3M. Defense Production Act. Federal Emergency Management Agta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-americas-mask-crunch-a-slow-government-reaction-and-an-industry-wary-of-liability/2020/04/02/b3155e2a-6f85-11ea-aa80-c2470c6b2034_story.html|title=Inside Americas Mask Crunch|date=3 April 2020}}</ref> An parakonseho sa negosyo kan White House na si Peter Navarro nagsabi na may mga kahaditan na 3M produkto an dai nagduduman sa US. 3M an nagsimbag na dai kaiyan liniwat an bayad na hinahagad kaiyan, asin dai kaiyan kayang kontrolon an presyo kan mga negosyante o parasingil nin hayop. White House. Peter Navarro.<ref name="Fabian" /><ref name="Fabian" /> Si Jared Moskowitz, an pamayo kan Florida Division of Emergency Management, sinahotan an 3M nin direktang pagpabakal nin mga maskarang N95 sa ibang nasyon para sa kuarta, imbes na sa US. Jared Moskowitz. Florida Division of Emergency Management. Sabi ni Moskowitz 3M nag'oyon mag'autorisar sa mga distributor asin parasubasta na magrepresentar sinda kan mga masel sa Florida, alagad imbes an grupo niya sa ultimong pirang semana "maglaog sa mga bodega na biyong daing laog." Dangan sinabi niya an 3M-autorisadong US distributor kan huri sinabihan siya kan mga maskarang Florida na nakua huli lamang ta an kompanya imbes an mga premitadong orden na nag'abot sa huri, para sa mas halangkaw na presyo, hale sa ibang nasyon (kaiba an Alemanya, Rusya, asin Pransya).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/florida-emergency-official-3m-selling-masks-overseas|title=Florida emergency management official says 3M selling masks to foreign countries: 'We're chasing ghosts'|date=3 April 2020|work=Fox News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://miami.cbslocal.com/video/4503117-interview-with-jared-moskowitz-director-of-floridas-division-of-emergency-management/|title=Interview With Jared Moskowitz, Director of Florida's Division of Emergency Management|date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/coronavirus/fl-ne-ventilators-icu-beds-florida-coronavirus-hurricane-season-20200405-4qn46bbq4zfazo5bqapggodftu-story.html|title=Florida emergency management chief says state will have enough ICU beds and ventilators|date=5 April 2020|work=Sun-Sentinel}}</ref> An Forbes nagbareta na "pakalihis nin 280 milyones na maskara hale sa mga bodega sa palibot kan US binakal kan mga parabakal nin ibang nasyon [sa 30 Marso 2020] asin tinatakan na bayaan an nasyon, sono sa paraputol - asin sa laog nin sarong aldaw," na nagigin dahelan nin grabeng kritikal na kakulangan nin mga masel sa US. Forbes.]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2020/03/30/i-spent-a-day-in-the-coronavirus-driven-feeding-frenzy-of-n95-mask-sellers-and-buyers-and-this-is-what-i-learned/|title=I Spent A Day In The Coronavirus-Driven Feeding Frenzy Of N95 Mask Sellers And Buyers And This Is What I Learned}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/31/pence-task-force-coronavirus-aid-157806|title=Pence task force freezes coronavirus aid amid backlash}}</ref> Halipot pa an suplay kan mga Mass sa huring kabtang kan Setyembre, walong bulan sa pandemiko. An mga kapangyarihan sa Defense Productions na nakaolang sa kakulangan nin aki dai ginamit sa mahiwas na paagi tanganing dugangan an N95 production, sa ibong nin pagtangis kan mga nagtatrabaho sa healthcare. Defense Productions Act. Dawa pa ngani an 3M nagdakul nin produksyon sa laog nin harong poon 20 milyon abot 95 milyon na maskara lambang bulan, an mga ini nagsasabi "an hinahagad sobra sa sato, asin an enterong industriya, pwedeng magsuplay para sa pighihiling na ngapit."<ref name="septshortage">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/local/news/n-95-shortage-covid/|title=N95 masks save lives. So why are they still hard to get this far into a pandemic?}}</ref> An mga paragibo nin N95 asin iba pang kompanya napiritan na orog na ilaog sa produksyon na maskara sa laog nin harong huli ta an paghaman sa Estados Unidos bakong kapakipakinabang para sa sainda. May mga kompanyang Amerikano na pwedeng maghira nin produksyon temporaryong pagsabat sa pangangaipo nin mga masel pero kadaklan kaini dai pa nagresibi nin anoman na pag'onra sa DPA. An iba nagsadiring boot alagad may mga problema dapit sa katakod kan mga masel asin pagkua nin mga pag'oyon real. 3M asin iba pang paragibo nin N95 an dai naglaog sa ano man na pag - ibaiba sa negosyo tanganing magkaigwa nin intelektuwal na rogaring o dugangan an N95 na produksyon. intelektuwal na rogaring.<ref name="septshortage" /> Itinao ni Trump ki Rear Admiral John Polowczyk an paninimbagan sa mga lohika nin PPE. Sabi ni Polowczyk siya nagtutubod na "mga sistema nin pag-iingat naggigibo nin mga desisyon sa pagmanehar na pwedeng magresulta sa hitsura na mayo pa kitang mga masks, na iyo an harayo sa katotoohan."<ref name="septshortage">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/local/news/n-95-shortage-covid/|title=N95 masks save lives. So why are they still hard to get this far into a pandemic?}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/local/news/n-95-shortage-covid/ "N95 masks save lives. So why are they still hard to get this far into a pandemic?"]. ''The Washington Post''.</cite></ref> Paglaog kan Pebrero 2021, an mga parasubasta nadagdagan na an produksyon alagad kulang na sa pangangaipo. Sinitar kan mga kompanies an mga kahaditan manongod sa kahagadan kan post-pandemic bilang rason sa dai paglaog sa saod. An mga ospital nag - oorog na suplay, alagad minsan sa mga ospital na halangkaw an pagkakuryente, an mga trabahador sa salud malalaoman na magsulot kan saindang mga masel sa laog nin sagkod sa sarong bulan. Padagos na nagigin problema kan mga komerfeit an mga parabakal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/02/02/medical-mask-shortage/|title=Why the U.S. still has a shortage of N95 masks - The Washington Post|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Kadakul na mga arapodan kan mga eksperto sa salud publiko ginibo nang mataong halangkaw na mga masel arog kan N95s o an katumbas kaini sa heneral na publiko sa mga halangkaw na kamugtakan.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Everyone should be wearing N95 masks now|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/01/26/n95-masks-safest-next-best-options/|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Perspective {{!}} The government can – and should – send high-quality masks to every American|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/02/17/government-send-masks-all-americans/}}</ref> Kan 19 Enero 2022, nabareta an Administrasyon nin Biden na nagpoon nin libreng pagtao nin 400 milyon na N95 maskara sa United States. Biden Administration.<ref name="NYT-20220119">{{Cite news|title=Covid Live Updates: Biden Administration to Issue 400 Million Masks From National Stockpile - The nonsurgical N95 masks will be available free at community health centers and retail pharmacies across the United States.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/19/world/omicron-covid-vaccine-tests|date=19 January 2022|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=19 January 2022}}</ref> === Germany === Kaamayan kan Abril 2020, an politikong Berlin na si Andreas Geisel nagsahot na sarong bapor na 200,000 N95ng maskarang pigmandohan ini hale sa Amerikanong prodyuser 3M's China classed sa Bangkok, Tailandya asin nalito sa Estados Unidos. 3M nagsabi na mayo sindang pakaaram sa bapor, na sinasabi na "Mayo kaming aram na pagboot hale sa pulis sa Berlin para sa 3M na maskara na hale sa Tsina.." Andreas Geisel. Bangkok. Thailand Pinaindahan kan gobyerno sa US an ano man na kontrata asin sinabi ninda na naggagamit sinda nin angay na mga pinakapaagihan para sa gabos nindang binakal.<ref name="Betschka">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/usa-fangen-200-000-schutzmasken-ab-berlins-innensenator-spricht-von-moderner-piraterie/25712976.html|title=Berlins Innensenator spricht von 'moderner Piraterie'|date=3 April 2020|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Schutzmasken konfisziert? Schwere Vorwürfe aus Berlin: Jetzt reagiert das Weiße Haus|work=[[t-online.de]]|date=4 April 2020|url=https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/ausland/id_87648648/coronavirus-mundschutz-konfisziert-usa-reagiert-auf-vorwuerfe-aus-berlin.html}}</ref> An mga pulis sa Berlin kan huri nagpatunay na an bapor dai dinakop kan mga autoridad sa US. [nangangaipo nin toltolan].] An kapahayagan na ini nagsabrit sa oposisyon kan Berlin, na an lider kan CDU parlamentor na si Burkard Dereger pigsahotan si Geisel nin "deliberamenteng nakakadaya sa mga Berlin" tanganing "maantos an sadiring kadaihan kaini sa pagkua nin nagpoprotehir na kagamitan.." CDU. An eksperto sa interior kan FDP na si Marcel Luthe nagkritika man ki Geisel. FDP<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2F200-000-atemschutzmasken-doch-nicht-konfisziert-lieferung-fuer-berliner-polizei-wurde-in-thailand-zu-besserem-preis-aufgekauft%2F25715448.html&sandbox=1|title=200,000 respirators not confiscated: Delivery for Berlin police was bought in Thailand at a better price|date=4 April 2020|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]}}</ref> An Politico Europa nagbareta na "an mga Berlin nagkukua nin pahina na direkta hale sa libro nin drama sa Trump asin dai tinotogotan an mga katunayan na magkaigwa nin marahay na estorya.." Politico Europa<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-lets-mask-slip-on-feelings-for-trumps-america/|title=Berlin lets mask slip on feelings for Trump's America|date=10 April 2020|work=[[Politico Europe]]}}</ref> An Guinobatan nagbareta man na "mayo nin solidong patotoo na si Trump [ni arin man na ibang opisyal sa Amerika] nag - oyon sa heist [German].." An Guardian.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/12/us-global-reputation-rock-bottom-donald-trump-coronavirus|title=US's global reputation hits rock-bottom over Trump's coronavirus response|date=12 April 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> An mga siudadanong Aleman nagdesisyon na magkontribwir sa pagresolber sa krisis sa suplay paagi sa paggibo kan sadiri nindang mga masel asin iba pang klase nin PPE na garo mga kalasag nin lalauogon na nagtao nin dugang na proteksion sa mga maskara; An pinakadakulang grupo nin mga kaggibo may sokol na 6,800 indibiduwal, na sa kabilogan naggigibo nin labing 100,000 na pidaso nin nagpoprotehir na kagamitan. === Canada === Mantang padakol nang padakol na nasyon an naglilimitar sa pag - eksportar nin mga maskarang N95, ipinaisi ni Novo Tixtiles sa British Columbia an mga plano na magpoon na magprodusir nin mga maskarang N95 sa Canada. An AMD Medical sa Quebec iyo na an mayor na kompanya sa Camarines Sur na nagpoprodusir nin N95s, alagad an Tsina, Pransia, an Republika nin Tsina (Taiwan) asin an Estados Unidos gabos pinagbawalan na mag - eksportar nin mga kasangkapan medikal, na binangâ an mga pabrika nin Medisina duman sa pag - eksportar kan mga masel pasiring sa Canada. Quebec. Taiwan. Pagkatapos, tinawan kan Gobyerno nin Canada nin 10-taon na kontrata sa Medisina an sarong pabrika tanganing makagibo nin mga maskara sa Montreal. == industriya nin Mask == === Pag - imbento === [[Ladawan:02.05_總統訪視「台灣康匠製造公司」_(49491845167).jpg|thumb|Masks na pinoprodusir sa Taiwan. ]] [[Ladawan:La_reapertura_de_la_frontera_entre_España_y_Portugal,_Badajoz_y_Elvas,_miércoles_1_de_julio_de_2020_(10).png|wala|thumb|An mga namamayo sa estado asin gobyerno kan Portugal asin Espanya may sulot na mga masel sa panahon nin opisyal na seremonya sa Hulyo 2020.]] == Kompuesto nin mga nasyon asin teritoryo == [[Ladawan:Mask_laws_around_the_world.svg|thumb|Mga ley sa bangko sa bilog na kinaban kaidtong 19 Disyembre 2020]] {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float: right; clear: right" |+% kan populasyon na sulot an mga masel sa publiko, kan nasyon/territory (arog kan 9 Agosto 2020). Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. !Nasyon/territyo !% |- |{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Singapore |Singapore]] |92 |- |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa España |Spain]] |90 |- |{{Flagicon|Thailand}} [[COVID-19 pandemic sa Thailand |Thailand]] |88 |- |{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Hong Kong |Hong Kong]] |86 |- |{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Hapon |Japan]] |86 |- |{{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[COVID-19 pandemic sa Malaysia |Malaysia]] |85 |- |{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[COVID-19 pandemiko sa Indonesya |Indonesia]] |85 |- |{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[COBID-19 pandemika sa Filipinas |Philippines]] |84 |- |{{Flagicon|France}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Pransia |France]] |83 |- |{{Flagicon|India}} [[COVID-19 pandemiko sa India |India]] |82 |- |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[COVID-19 pandemiko sa Italia |Italy]] |81 |- |{{Flagicon|China}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa kontinenteng Tsina |China]] |80 |- |{{Flagicon|Taiwan}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Taiwan |Taiwan]] |80 |- |{{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[COVID-19 pandemic sa Vietnam |Vietnam]] |79 |- |{{Flagicon|UAE}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa United Arab Emirates |United Arab Emirates]] |79 |- |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[COVID-19 na epidemya sa United Kingdom |United Kingdom]] |75 |- |{{Flagicon|US}} [[Mga maskara sa pag - ayuno durante kan COVID-19 pandemiko sa Estados Unidos |United States]] |75 |- |{{Flagicon|Canada}} [[COBID-19 pandemika sa Canada |Canada]] |74 |- |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[COBID-19 pandemika sa Saudi Arabia |Saudi Arabia]] |71 |- |{{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Mejico |Mexico]] |67 |- |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Alemania |Germany]] |65 |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Australia |Australia]] |41 |- |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Polandia |Poland]] |23 |- |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Grecia |Greece]] |19 |- |{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Rusya |Russia]] |10 |- |{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[KOVID-19 na epidemya sa Egipto |Egypt]] |8 |- |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Finlandia |Finland]] |7 |- |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[COVID-19 pandemya sa Sweden |Sweden]] |6 |- |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Norway |Norway]] |5 |- |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[COBID-19 pandemiko sa Denmark |Denmark]] |4 |} == Hilingon pa == * Mga maskara sa pag - ayuno durante kan COVID-19 pandemiko sa Estados Unidos == Reperensya == {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references />{{Poon}} 2tvdy8thnfo8lhidfheg06u3l187u3m 0 36831 234244 234217 2022-08-25T14:16:38Z Ralffralff 14987 new classification wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artifact | name = Mga Guhit sa Gahing Tangso nin Laguna | image = File:Extract from Inskripsyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna.jpg | image_caption = An ginuhit sa gahing tangso nakasaray sa [[Museo Nasyonal nin Antropolohiya (Manila)|Museo Nasyonal nin Antropolohiya]] sa Manila | material = Tumbaga o tangso | height = < {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} | width = < {{convert|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} | weight = | language = Pangenot na Suanoy na Malay na may ibang Sanskrit & Suanoy na Javanese asin/o Suanoy na Tagalog | created = 900 | discovered_date = 1989 | discovered_place = [[Lumban]], [[Laguna (probinsya)|Laguna]], [[Filipinas]] | location = [[Museo Nasyonal nin Filipinas]] | culture = }} An '''Mga Guhit sa Gahing<ref>pinaggahe, adelgazada la plancha de algun metal. Vocabulario de la lengua bicol.https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aqa2025.0001.001/135?q1=gahe&view=image&size=200. Kinua 07-.0.22</ref><ref>gahi, thin sheet or leaf of tin, gold, or brass.Mintz, Malcolm W. Bikol Dictionary. Volume II. Bikol-English Dictionary. Uniprint. Perth, Western Australia. 2004. p. 555 ISBN 0 9580383 5 X.Kinua 07-1-22.</ref> Tangso nin Laguna''' ({{lang-tl|Inskripsyon sa binatbat na tanso ng Laguna}}, [[literal translation]]: ''Inscription on flattened copper of Laguna'') sarong opisyal na pagpapabutas sa kautangan nakaguhit sa sarong gahi' na tumbaga kan taon na [[kalendaryong Hindu|Shaka]] 822 (Gregoriano A.D. 900). Ini an pinakaamay na petsado-sa-kalendaryong dokumento nakua sa laog mismo kan teritoryo nin Filipinas.<ref name="Postma">{{cite journal|url=http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/1033/1018|title=The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary|jstor=42633308|last=Postma|first=Antoon|journal=Philippine Studies|volume=40|issue=2|pages=182–203|publisher=Ateneo de Manila University|date=April–June 1992}}</ref> An gahi' nadukayan kan 1989 nin sarong hurnal sa sabang kan Salog Lumbang sa Wawa, [[Lumban]], [[Laguna (probinsya)|Laguna]] sa [[Filipinas]]. An inskripsyon haros nakasurat sa [[Lumang Malayo]] na ginagamit an Kaamaying [[Alpabeto Kawi|Kawi]] na inskripsyon na may kasalak na mga [[Sanskrito]]ng kataga' asin [[Daan na Habanes]] o [[Daan na Tagalog]] na mga honoripiko.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Postma |first=Antoon |date=1991 |title=The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: A Valuable Philippine Document |url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/viewFile/11381/10020 |journal=Indo-Pacific Prehistory 1990 Assn. Bulletin 11 |volume=2 |pages=161-165 |via=University Libraries - University of Washington}}</ref> Pakadukay kaini, an enot na nagpalis kan mga ginuhit sa gahi' iyo si [[Antoon Postma]] kan taon 1991,<ref name="MS">{{cite news|last=Patanñe|first=E.P.|title=New Philippine date challenges historians|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19910328&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=April 25, 2021|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Kagitingan Publications, Inc.|date=March 31, 1991|page=4|quote=A copper plate containing an Old Malay inscription [...] deciphered by the Dutch Ethnographer [sic] Antoon Postma, carries a clear date of Saka 822, a Sanskritized reckoning equivalent to A.D. 900.}}</ref> sarong Holandes na antropologo asin parasaligsig kan [[Guhit Hanunó'o]].<ref name="Postma"/> An inskripsyon nagtala' kan mga lugar asin pangaran kan magkapirang estado kan A.D. 900, siring kan syudad-estadong Tagalog arog kan [[Tondo (historikal na banwa)|Tondo]].<ref name="Postma"/> An magkapirang mga historyador nagtataong swestyon na ini nagpapahiling nin mga relasyon ekonomiko, kultural, asin politikal sa pag'ultan kan mga estadong ini asin an kagurubay kaining [[Kahadean nin Medang]] sa [[Java]].<ref name="Postma"/> ==Konteksto historikal == Bago pa an Anoy nin Pagkolonya Europeo, an [[Sur-subangan na Asya]] yaon sa impluwensya nin Kadakulaan Indya kun saen an dakul na mga imperyo, kahadean asin prinsipalidad nagtalubo nin pirang siglo sa mga lugar na ngonyan sinasakop na kan [[Tailandya]], [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapur]], [[Filipinas]], [[Kambodya]] asin [[Byetnam]]. An impluwensya nin kulturang Indyano sa mga lugar na ini inaapod na "indyanisasyon".<ref name=acharya>{{cite web|last1=Acharya|first1=Amitav|title=The "Indianization of Southeast Asia" Revisited: Initiative, Adaptation and Transformation in Classical Civilizations|url=http://www.amitavacharya.com/sites/default/files/Indianisation%20of%20Southeast%20Asia%20Revisited.pdf|website=amitavacharya.com}}</ref>Si arkeologong Pranses, [[George Coedes]], pigpaliwanag ini komo pagpahiwas kan sarong organisadong kultura na pinanday sa Indyanong ginikanan nin kahadean, [[Hinduismo]], asin [[Budhist|Budhismo]] asin kan [[Sanskritisasyon|dyalektong Sanskrito]].<ref name=coedes>{{cite book|last1=Coedes|first1=George|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|date=1967|publisher=Australian National University Press}}</ref> Ini mahihiling sa inaapod na Indyanisasyon nin [[Sur-subangan na Asya]], an [[Hinduismo sa Sur-subangan na Asya|paglakop nin Hinduismo]] asin an [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|paglakop nin Budhismo]]. Mga Indyanong byahero, negosyante, komersyante, paratukdo asin mga padi may dakulang papel na gayo sa pangyayaring ini.<ref name="lukas">{{cite journal|last1=Lukas|first1=Helmut|title=1 THEORIES OF INDIANIZATIONExemplified by Selected Case Studies from Indonesia (Insular Southeast Asia)|journal=International SanskritConference|date=May 21–23, 2001|url=https://www.academia.edu/4803585}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Krom|first1=N.J.|title=Barabudur, Archeological Description|date=1927|publisher=The Hague}}</ref><ref name="smith">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Monica L.|title="Indianization" from the Indian Point of View: Trade and Cultural Contacts with Southeast Asia in the Early First Millennium C.E.|author-link1=Monica L. Smith|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|date=1999|volume=42|issue=11–17|pages=1–26|doi=10.1163/1568520991445588|jstor=3632296}}</ref> Mga [[Indyanong honoripiko]] may impluwensya man sa mga [[Malayong estilo asin titulo|Malay]], [[Thai na ranggo asin royal na mga titulo|Thai]], [[Filipino estilo asin mga honoripiko|Filipino]] saka kan mga [[Indones na pagngagaran #Honorifics|Indones]] na honoripiko.<ref name=tit1>Krishna Chandra Sagar, 2002, An Era of Peace, Page 52.</ref> Mga ehemplo kaini iyo an titulong Raja, Rani, Maharlika, asbp. na na-ilito haleng kulturang Indyano pasiring Filipinas paagi kan Malay asin [[Imperyong Srivijaya ]]. An pre-kolonyal na [[Suyat|Eskriturang filipino]] inaapod na [[Baybayin]] ({{Script|Tglg|ᜊᜌ᜔ᜊᜌᜒᜈ᜔}}), bisto sa [[Lenggwaheng bisaya|Bisaya]] na ''badlit'' ({{Script|Tglg|ᜊᜇ᜔ᜎᜒᜆ᜔}}), sa [[Tataramon na Iloko|Ilokano]] komo ''kur-itan/kurditan'' , sa [[Tataramon na Kapampangan|Kapampangan]] komo ''kulitan'', asin sa [[Tataramon na Bikol|Bikol]] komo ''basahan''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aqa2025.0001.001/61?q1=basahan&view=image&size=175|entry=basahan|page=60|last=Lisboa|first=Maŕcos de|authorlink=Marcos de Lisboa|title=Vocabulario de la Lengua Bicol|year=1865|language=es, bik|access-date=2019-12-01|quote=BASAHAN. pc. El ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', de ellos por donde aprenden á leer que tiene quince letras consonantes, y tres vocales, ''a'', ''e'', ''o''.}}</ref>, gabos ini gikan sa mga [[eskriturang Bramiko]] nin Indya. An paggamit kaini narekord kan ika-16 na siglo ni [[Miguel López de Legazpi]].<ref name="baybayin">{{Cite web | last = Morrow | first = Paul | url = http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/bayeng1.htm | publisher = MTS | title = Baybayin, the Ancient Philippine script | access-date = September 4, 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100821192259/http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/bayeng1.htm | archive-date = August 21, 2010 }}.</ref> ==Pagkadukay== [[File:Laguna Copperplate Inscription.gif|thumb|360px|right|An gahing tangso sa Laguna, an mga inskripsyon kaini iginuhit paagi nin pagtudok-tudok sa ibabaw. Nagpapahiling ini nin sayod na impluwensya nin kulturang Indyano dara kan [[Srivijaya]]) na iyo an nagdadanay na kultura sa Filipinas mayo pa an pagkolonya Europeo nin Ika-16 na siglo.]] An Gahing Tangso na Inskripsyon nadukayan kan 1989 harani sa sabang kan Salog Lumbang sa may [[Sola' nin Laguna]],<ref name="Chua20130528">{{Cite web |url=https://xiaochua.net/2013/05/28/xiao-time-27-may-2013-kahalagahan-ng-laguna-copperplate-at-ika-400-taon-ng-vocabulario-ni-san-buenaventura/ |title=KAHALAGAHAN NG LAGUNA COPPERPLATE AT IKA-400 TAON NG VOCABULARIO NI SAN BUENAVENTURA |last=Chua |first=Xiao |date=May 28, 2013 |website=IT'S XIAOTIME! |access-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>nin sarong lalaki nagngangaran Ernesto Legisma na natungod naghuhunggad nin baybay na gagamiton sa pagsesemento. Naisip na an nakotkot niya may halaga, an lalaki pinabakal ini sa sarong nagnenegosyo sa mga bagay na luma, na dai man nakakakuang parabakal kaini, diretso logod ipinabakal sa [[National Museum of the Philippines]], kun saen itinalaga ki [[Alfredo E. Evangelista]], pamayo sa departamento nin [[antropolohiya]].<ref name="mts"/><ref name=pdi>{{cite news|title=Expert on past dies; 82 |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20081021-167699/Expert-on-past-dies-82 |work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=October 21, 2008 |access-date=November 17, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024114447/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20081021-167699/Expert-on-past-dies-82 |archive-date=October 24, 2008 }}</ref> An Museo Nasyonal pigbansagan an nadukayan na tangsong gahi' na ''Laguna Copper Plate''.<ref>{{cite web | author = National Museum of the Philippines | author-link = National Museum of the Philippines | title =National Cultural Treasures of Philippine Archaeology | url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeo/NCT.html | access-date = June 13, 2019}}</ref> Pakalihis sarong taon, si [[Antoon Postma]] nareparo ini na an mga guhit igdi nakaagid sa antigong Indones na kinalingking na inaapod na [[Lumang Kawi|Kawi]]. Si Postma pigpalis an eskritura asin nakitang an dokumento nagpepetsang susog sa [[Indyanong kalendaryo nasyonal|Saka'ng taon]] 822, petsang lumang Hindu katumbas sa taon 900.<ref name="MS"/> Ini panahon na gayo kun kasuarin nasambitan an Filipinas sa sarong opisyal na rekord kan Tsinong [[Dinastiyang Song]] sa ''[[History of Song (Yuan dynasty)|History of Song]]'' natutungod sa taon na 972.<ref>William Henry Scott, ''Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History'', pg.65. {{ISBN|971-10-0226-4}}.</ref> ==Pagpapalis== {| class="wikitable" !Taytay ! Pagsasayod</br> <small>An mga tekstong yaon sa ibaba nababatay batay sa pagguguhit ni Hector Santos kaidtong 1995.<ref name="SantosTranslitteration1996">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bibingka.com/dahon/lci/transcri.htm |title=Sulat sa Tanso: Transcription of the LCI |last=Santos |first=Hector |date=1996-10-26 |website=www.bibingka.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029061518/http://www.bibingka.com/dahon/lci/transcri.htm |archive-date=2014-10-29 |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref> Gabos na palis nakasurat sa saradit na kurit.</small> ! Pagpapalis sa Bikol<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bagongkasaysayan.org/ebook/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/3.Ang-Tundo_Kimuell-Gabriel_Marked.pdf |access-date=2015-12-02 |archive-date=2017-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822104639/http://www.bagongkasaysayan.org/ebook/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/3.Ang-Tundo_Kimuell-Gabriel_Marked.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! Orihinal na palis ni Antoon Postma (1991) sa [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]] ! Tala |- | 1 | swasti shaka warshatita 822 waisakha masa ding jyotisha. chaturthi krishnapaksha so- | Tara! Taon Siyaka 822, bulan nin waisakha, susog sa astronomiya. An ikaapat na aldaw nin pagsadit nin bulan, Lunes |''Hail! In the Saka-year 822; the month of March-April; according to the astronomer: the fourth day of the dark half of the moon; on'' |- | 2 | -mawara sana tatkala dayang angkatan lawan dengannya sanak barngaran si bukah | Dayang Angkatan sampolo kan saiyang mga tugang na nagngangaran Buka (burak), |''Monday. At that time, Lady Angkatan together with her relative, Bukah by name,'' |- | 3 | anakda dang hwan namwaran di bari waradana wi shuddhapat(t)ra ulih sang pamegat senapati di tundu- | na mga aki ninsi Kagalang-galang na si Namwaran, dinuhulan nin sarong kasuratan nin lubos na kapatawadan hale ki Poon Pangkagabsan nin Tundun |''the child of His Honor Namwaran, was given, as a special favor, a document of full acquittal, by the Chief and Commander2 of Tundun'' |- | 4 | n barja(di) dang hwan nayaka tuhan pailah jayadewa. di krama dang hwan namwaran dengan dang kaya- | sa pagpipintakasi ki Pamayong Kagawad nin Pailah na si Jayadewa. Sa pagboot na ini, sa paagi ni Kagsurat, |''representing the Leader of Pailah, Jayadewa. This means that His Honor Namwran, through the Honorable Scribe4'' |- | 5 |stha shuddha nu di parlappas hutangda wale(da)nda kati 1 suwarna 8 di hadapan dang hwan nayaka tuhan pu- | an Kagalang-galang na si Namwaran pinatawad na sa gabos na saiyang mga kautangan na 1 kati asin 8 suwarna sa atubangan ni Kagalang-galang na Pamayong Kagawad nin Puliran |''was totally cleared of a salary-related debt of 1 kati and 8 suwarna (weight of gold): in the presence of His Honor the Leader of Puliran,'' |- | 6 | liran ka sumuran. dang hwan nayaka tuhan pailah barjadi ganashakti. dang hwan nayaka tu- | na si Kasumuran, (sa kapangyarihan ninsi Kagalang-galang na Pamayong Kagawad nin Pailah). |''Kasumuran; His Honor the Leader of Pailah, representing Ganasakti; (and) His Honor the Leader'' |- | 7 | han binwangan barjadi bishruta tathapi sadanda sanak kaparawis ulih sang pamegat de- | Kunsiring, an mga nabubuhay na mga maku-apo ninsi Kagalang-galang na si Namwaran pinatawad na sa anuman asin gabos na pagkakautang kaini (ninsi Kagalang-galang na si Namwaran) sa Pamayong si Dewata, |''of Binwangan, representing Bisruta. And, with his whole family, on orders of the Chief of Dewata'' |- | 8 | wata [ba]rjadi sang pamegat medang dari bhaktinda di parhulun sang pamegat. ya makanya sadanya anak | Ini, kun sakali, magpapahayag kiisayman na poon ngonyan kun may tawong magsasabing dai pa butas sa utang an Kagalang-galang... |''representing the Chief of Mdang, because of his loyalty as a subject (slave?) of the Chief, therefore all the descendants'' |- | 9 | chuchu dang hwan namwaran shuddha ya kaparawis di hutangda dang hwan namwaran di sang pamegat dewata. ini gerang | Kunsiring , an mga nabubuhay na kamaku-apoan ninsi Kagalang-galang na si Namwaran pinatawad na sa anuman asin gabos na pagkakautang kaini |''of his Honor Namwaran have been cleared of the whole debt that His Honor owed the Chief of Dewata. This (document) is (issued) in case'' |- | 10 | syat syapanta ha pashchat ding ari kamudyan ada gerang urang barujara welung lappas hutangda dang hwa ... |(ninsi Kagalang-galang na si Namwaran) sa Pamayong si Dewata, Ini, kun sakali, magpapahayag kiisayman na poon ngonyan kun may tawong magsasabing dai pa lungkas sa utang an Kagalang-galang... |''there is someone, whosoever, some time in the future, who will state that the debt is not yet acquitted of His Honor...'' | <small>* Sa ika-10 taytay natapos an ginuhit.<ref name="Postma"/></small> |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist|2}}{{Poon}} [[Kategorya:Arekeologo sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga primaryang susugan para sa amay na historya nin Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Hinduismo sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Historya sa Filipinas (900 - 1565)]] [[Kategorya:Mga eskritura sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga Malay na eskritura]] [[Kategorya:Mga Kadamotan sa Museo Nasyonal nin Fillipinas]] [[Kategorya:Historya nin Laguna (probinsya) of Laguna]] [[Kategorya:Ika-10ng siglong mga eskritura]] [[Kategorya:Mga tumbagang bagay]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1989 na nadukayan arkeolohikal]] b9xj507v8z3j2a08ms6756qxa30ipv5 1 37275 234247 234221 2022-08-25T14:19:01Z Ralffralff 14987 Ralffralff pinagbalyo an pahina [[Olay:Mga face mask durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] pasiring sa [[Olay:Mga pupon durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]]: As per suggested, Bikol translation of "face mask" to "pupon" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-2 |klase=poon |importansya=Hababa }}}} == Tano face mask kun igwa kitang taga na pupon == ano daw kun pupon yata to itong facemask hahaha <span style="border:1px solid red;padding:1px;">[[User: ShiminUfesoj|<font style="color: red;background: black;">''' Shimin_Ufesoj '''</font>]][[User talk: ShiminUfesoj|<font style="color: black;background:red;">''' ᜂᜎᜌ᜔_ᜃᜒᜆ?'''</font>]] </span> 20:55, 24 Agosto 2022 (UTC) Hello! Pakibalyo na lang tabi sa titulo na sa hiling mo iyo an tama asin pinakaangay. Salamat! [[Paragamit:Ralffralff|Ralffralff]] ([[Olay kan paragamit:Ralffralff|kaulayon]]) 11:35, 25 Agosto 2022 (UTC) lnfun7wjl0gje1atnda986wc4vh54ry 0 37287 234223 234190 2022-08-25T13:31:53Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Risto-Veikko Luukkonen''' (25 Hunyo 1902, [[Mikkeli]] – 7 Sepytembre 1972, [[Helsinki]]) sarong [[Finlandya|Pinlandes]] na arkitekto. Siya midbid na maray sa pagdesenyo kan [[Töölö Sports Hall]] asin kan [[Olympia Terminal]] sa [[Helsinki]] katuwang si [[Aarne Hytönen]], na an mga trabahong ini pareho nakalista sa [[Docomomo International|Docomomo]] (sarong global na kasararoan nagmamato kan modernong arkitektura) na importanteng ehemplo kan [[modernong arkitektura]] sa Finlandya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Risto-Veikko Luukkonen|url=http://www.mfa.fi/arkkitehtiesittely?apid=3838|publisher=Museum of Finnish Architecture|language=fi|accessdate=9 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Messuhalli (Töölön kisahalli) - Helsinki Exhibition Hall (Töölö Sports Hall)|url=http://docomomo-fi.com/index.php?k=218338|publisher=Docomomo Suomi Finland ry|accessdate=9 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Olympiaterminaali - Olympic terminal|url=http://docomomo-fi.com/index.php?k=218350|publisher=Docomomo Suomi Finland ry|accessdate=9 March 2014}}</ref> ==Trabaho== * [[Töölö Sports Hall]], Helsinki (1935) – katuwang si Aarne Hytönen * Finnish pavilion at the [[Brussels International Exposition (1935)|Brussels International Exposition]] (1935) – katuwang si Aarne Hytönen * Suomi-yhtiö office building, Helsinki (1938) – katuwang si Aarne Hytönen * [[Turku Concert Hall]] (1952) * [[Olympia Terminal]], Helsinki (1953) – katuwang si Aarne Hytönen * Valkeakoski Town Hall (1955) – katuwang si Aarne Hytönen * [[Turku City Theatre]] (1962) – katuwang si Helmer Stenroos * [[Kuopio City Theatre]] (1963) – katuwang si Helmer Stenroos * State Office Building, Turku (1967) – katuwang si Helmer Stenroos <gallery widths="160px" heights="130px"> File:Töölön Kisahalli.jpg|Töölö Sports Hall File:Olymppiaterminaali Helsinki.jpg|Olympia Terminal File:Concert hall of Turku.jpg|Turku Concert Hall File:Municipal_Theatre_of_Turku.jpg|Turku City Theatre File:Kuopio_City_Theatre.jpg|Kuopio City Theater File:Valtion_virastotalo_Turku.jpg|State Office Building, Turku </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== *{{commons category-inline|Risto-Veikko Luukkonen}} {{Tamboan}}{{Authority control (arts)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Luukkonen, Risto-Veikko}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1902na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1972 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawo haleng Mikkeli]] [[Kategorya:Mga Tawong haleng probinsya nin Mikkeli (Grand Duchy of Finland)]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga arkitektong Pinlandes]] musqjks69w8k7i9m2domlufczhjk6ap 0 37288 234224 234193 2022-08-25T13:33:25Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Prof. Moti Bodek | image = Moti Bodek.JPG | caption = | nationality = Israeli {{flag|ISR}} | birth_date = 1961 | birth_place = [[Haifa]], Israel | practice = Bodek Architects Ltd. [[Tel Aviv]] | significant_buildings = [[Eilat Sports Center]], [[Bikur Holim Hospital]] at [[Jerusalem]], [[Tiberias Football Stadium]] | awards = |}} [[File:Bodek Architects Eilat Sports Center.JPG|thumb|263px|[[Eilat Sports Center]]]] [[File:Meron School Bodek Architects22.jpg|thumb|263px|[[Meron School]], pigdesenyo ni Moti Bodek asin ni Dana Oberson]] [[File:Bodek Architects Tiberias Football Stadium33.jpg|thumb|263px|[[Tiberias Football Stadium]] (tinutugdok)]] [[File:Nofei Yam Sports Center by Bodek Architects111.jpg|thumb|263px|Nofei Yam Sports Center at [[Tel Aviv]], pigdesenyo ni Moti Bodek asin ni Dana Oberson]] [[File:Bodek Architects Kfar Qassem Football Stadium.jpg|thumb|263px|[[Kfar Qassem Football Stadium]] (tinutugdok)]] [[File:Bodek Architects Bikur Cholim Hospital Jerusalem.JPG|thumb|263px|[[Bikur Holim Hospital]], [[Jerusalem]]]] [[File:Bodek Architects Highway 44 station.JPG|thumb|263px|Pundohan bus [[Highway 44 (Israel)]] haraning [[Holon]]]] [[File:Bodek Architects Synagogue sketches.jpg|thumb|263px|Be'er Ganim Synagogue, mga amay pigkururit]] [[File:Biomimicry Moti Bodek AA.jpg|thumb|263px|[[Biomimicry]] - Arkitektura impluwensyado kan kapalibutan. Eksibisyon nin mga edipisyo asin proyekto, [[Potsdam]] Germany, Mayo 2014]] Si '''Moti Bodek''' ({{lang-he|מוטי בודק}}; namundag 1961) sarong Israeli'ng [[arkitekto]]. Siya an CEO kan Bodek Architects nakabase sa [[Tel Aviv]] asin siya Propesor sa Arkitektura sa [[Bezalel Academy of Art and Design]], [[Jerusalem]]. ==Biograpiya== Si Moti Bodek namundag asin nagdakula sa [[Haifa]]. Siya nagserbi sa [[Israeli'ng pwersang seguridad]] poon 1979 sundo 1985. Kan 1989 siya naggradwar na may onra sa departamento nin Environmental Design sa [[Bezalel Academy of Art and Design]] [[Jerusalem]], asin kan 1990 nakamit niya an B.Arch. degree sa Faculty of Architecture sa [[Technion]], [[Haifa]]. Poon 1987 abot 1993 si Bodek nagtrabaho sa kompanyang arkitektural [[Avraham Yasky]] na yaon namumugtak sa [[Tel Aviv]], manta kan taon 1990 pigtugdas niya sadiring opisina, Bodek Architects. Kan 1991 nagpoon na siyang magtukdo sa Bezalel, asin kan 1995 nakamit niya an M.P.A degree sa [[Clark University]], [[Massachusetts]], Estados Unidos. Poon 2001 sundo 2004, si Bodek nagserbi komo deputy head sa Architecture Department sa [[Ariel University]]. Sa presente siya Propesor sa Arkitektura asin Pamayo sa Lecturers Organization sa [[Bezalel Academy of Art and Design]]. Si Bodek iyo an saro sa kagtugdas sa mga staff organization boards sa mga institusyon nin halangkaw na edukasyon, asin nagserbi man bilang Deputy Chairman. Si Bodek nagtapsok sa pagsukit, pagsaligsig sa desenyo asin konstruksyon nin mga proyektong binabase sa disiplina nin [[biomimicry]] o (pag'aayog sa buhay). ==Mga piling proyekto== * [[Eilat Sports Center]] * [[Tiberias Football Stadium]] * [[Meron School]], Tel Aviv * [[Kfar Qassem Football Stadium]] * [[Tel Aviv University]] Sports Centre * New neighborhood near [[Beersheba]] River Park * Two pedestrian bridges, [[Ashdod]] * Sea Sports Centre & Sailing Club [[Eilat]] * Synagogue, Be'er Ganim near [[Ashkelon]] * [[Bikur Holim Hospital]], [[Jerusalem]] * [[The Russian Embassy house]] on [[Rothschild Boulevard]], [[Tel Aviv]] * Bus stops on [[Highway 44 (Israel)]] * [[Tel Aviv Central Bus Station]] ==Eksibisyon== *[http://www.fh-potsdam.de/informieren/aktuelles/news-detailansicht/artikel/biomimicry-ausstellung-zu-gebaeuden-und-projekten-des-architekten-moti-bodek-im-freiland-potsdam/ ''Biomimicry - Architecture influenced by systems of nature'', Exhibition of Buildings & Projects by Architect Moti Bodek. International Week, FHP University of Applied Sciences, freiLand Potsdam Germany. 12-16 May 2014]. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030600/http://www.hit.ac.il/mc/bio-design-2015/doc1.asp ''BIO-DESIGN: HYBRID FABRICTIONSׂ'', Group Exhibition. Master's Program in Integrated Design, Research Gallery, Design Faculty], HIT [[Holon Institute of Technology]], Israel. 28 April-19 May 2015 *[http://www.labiennale.org/en/architecture ''La Biennale di Venezia'', The 15th International Architecture Exhibition Venice, Italy, May 28th to November 27th 2016]. ==Hilnga man== *[[Architecture of Israel]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Panluwas na takod== *{{cite news | last = Zandberg | first = Esther | title = Surroundings / Ugly as sin | publisher = Haaretz | date = 2003-12-18 | url = http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/surroundings-ugly-as-sin-1.109101}} *{{cite news | last = Dvir | first = Noam | title = Reaching new heights | publisher = Haaretz | date = 2009-07-14 | url = http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/reaching-new-heights-1.279973}} *{{cite news | last = Ministry of Housing | title = Synagogue near Ashkelon | date = 2011-02-10 | url = http://www.moch.gov.il/SiteCollectionDocuments/beniyya_hadasha/hitnatkut_mosdot_tsibur.pdf | access-date = 2013-03-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141016033511/http://www.moch.gov.il/SiteCollectionDocuments/beniyya_hadasha/hitnatkut_mosdot_tsibur.pdf | archive-date = 2014-10-16 | url-status = dead }} (P.33-36 Hebrew) *{{cite news | last = Dvir | first = Noam | title = Jerusalem reaches for the heavens | publisher = Haaretz | date = 2011-03-07 | url = http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/jerusalem-reaches-for-the-heavens-1.347554}} *{{cite news | last = Houses From Within | title = Russian Embassy on Rothschild Boulevard | publisher = Tour no.75 | date = 2011-05-20 | url = http://www.batim-il.org/ToursEng.aspx?batim=14&tp=3 | access-date = 2013-03-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140413141907/http://www.batim-il.org/ToursEng.aspx?batim=14&tp=3 | archive-date = 2014-04-13 | url-status = dead }} *{{cite news | last = Jacobson | first = Michael | title = Eilat Sports Center/היכלות ושעשועים | publisher = Xnet (Hebrew) | date = 2011-09-15 | url = http://www.xnet.co.il/architecture/articles/0,14710,L-3089083,00.html#.TobPFLwVtXI.facebook}} *{{cite news | last = Riba | first = Na'ama | title = Eilat Sports Center/מה העירייה עושה למענך השנה | publisher = Xnet (Hebrew) | date = 2012-09-15 | url = http://www.xnet.co.il/architecture/articles/0,14710,L-3097476,00.html}} *{{cite news |last = Battistini |first = Francesco |title = Las Vegas of Arabia |publisher = Corriere della Sera |date = 2012-10-14 |url = http://lettura.corriere.it/las-vegas-d%E2%80%99arabia |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131213074421/http://lettura.corriere.it/las-vegas-d%E2%80%99arabia/ |archivedate = 2013-12-13 }} *{{cite news | last = Ashtoker | first = Ofer | title = Pedestrian bridge in Ashdod/גשר להולכי רגל באשדוד | publisher = Ashdod Net (Hebrew) | date = 2012-11-08 | url = http://www.ashdodnet.com/article/45255#.UJ1dyO2lcTU.facebook}} *{{cite news | last = Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem | title = Faculty Staff | url = http://www.bezalel.ac.il/en/academics/bachelor_degree/architecture/faculty/info/?id=25301b2719830ee5f180d7d3bcfc486631f6d704#.UVV5IhdMJ_Y}} *{{cite news | last = Riba | first = Na'ama | title = Eilat's red egg: a new gymnasium at Tse'elim school /הביצה האדומה של אילת: אולם הספורט החדש בבית ספר צאלים | publisher = Xnet (Hebrew) | date = 2013-11-26 | url = http://www.xnet.co.il/architecture/articles/0,14710,L-3103696,00.html}} *{{cite news | last = On the Ground | first = Works in Progress | title = ZEZEZE Architecture Gallery | publisher = | date = 2013-11-11 | url = http://www.zearchitecture.com/events.php?id=158&&language=eng}} *"[http://stadiumdb.com/news/2016/04/new_design_the_turtle_stadium_of_tiberias New design: The turtle stadium of Tiberias]". ''StadiumDB.com''. 17 April 2016 *{{cite news | last = | first = | title = University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule), Potsdam, Germany. Biomimicry, Architecture influenced by systems of nature, Exhibition of Buildings & Projects | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.fh-potsdam.de/informieren/aktuelles/news-detailansicht/artikel/biomimicry-ausstellung-zu-gebaeuden-und-projekten-des-architekten-moti-bodek-im-freiland-potsdam}} *{{cite news | last = | first = | title = Bezalel, Academy of Art and Design Jerusalem, Israel. Biomimicry, Architecture influenced by systems of nature, Exhibition of Buildings & Projects | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.bezalel.ac.il/en/events/item/?id=1652}} {{Commons category|Moti_Bodek}} {{authority control}}{{Poon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bodek, Moti}} [[Kategorya:Mga arkitektong Israeli]] [[Kategorya:Mga Kompanyang Arkitektural sa Israel]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hudyong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1961 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga buhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawong taga Haifa]] [[Kategorya:Mga paratukdo sa Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design]] [[Kategorya:Mga paratukdo sa Tel Aviv University]] [[Kategorya:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Technion – Israel Institute of Technology]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Clark University]] [[Kategorya:Mga paratukdo sa Ariel University]] mq4y6ghk6vqys0jqra6p4777xfvrmkg 0 37289 234228 234202 2022-08-25T13:54:28Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack | title = An Holokausto | partof = [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]] | image = Selection on the ramp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1944 (Auschwitz Album) 1a.jpg | image_size = 290px | alt = | caption = From the [[Auschwitz Album]]: [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Hungarian Jews]] arriving at [[Auschwitz concentration camp#Auschwitz II-Birkenau|Auschwitz II]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German-occupied Poland]], May 1944. Most were "selected" to go to the [[Nazi gas chambers|gas chambers]]. Camp prisoners are visible in their striped uniforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews |title=Deportation of Hungarian Jews |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |access-date=6 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125004028/https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews |archive-date=25 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | location = [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]] and [[German-occupied Europe]] {{Infobox|child=yes | label1 = Description | data1 = Genocide of the European Jews}} | coordinates = | date = 1941–1945{{sfn|Landau|2016|p=3}} | type = {{hlist|[[Genocide]]|[[ethnic cleansing]]|[[mass murder]]}} | fatalities = Around [[Holocaust victims|6 million]] [[Jews]]{{efn|name=definition}} | perps = [[Adolf Hitler]]<br>[[Nazi Germany]] and [[#Collaboration|its collaborators]]<br>[[List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust]] | motive = {{hlist|[[Antisemitism]]|[[racism]]|[[pan-Germanism]]}} {{Infobox|child=yes | label1 = Trials | data1 = [[Nuremberg trials]], [[Subsequent Nuremberg trials]], [[Trial of Adolf Eichmann]], and [[#Trials|others]]}} }} An '''Holokausto''', ([[Ingles]]: ''Holocaust'', o apod man na '''an Shoah''',{{efn|[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: <big>{{lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|הַשׁוֹאָה}}}}</big>, ''HaShoah'' (''haŠōʾā'') 'the catastrophe'}} iyo an lagdoan asin mahiwas na pagpuho' kan mga [[Historya kan mga Hudyo sa Europa|Hudyo sa Europa]] durante kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]].{{sfn|Bloxham|2009|p=1}} Sa pag'ultan kan mga taon 1941 asin 1945, an [[Aleman Nazi]] asin mga kakarampi kaini sistematikong pinagpagaradan mga [[Biktima nin Holokausto|anom na milyon]] na [[Hudyo]] sa kahiwasan kan [[Europang okupado kan Alemanya]];{{efn|name=definition}} na nag'abot mga duwa katolohan kan populasyon nin mga Hudyo sa Europa.{{efn|[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]: "According to the ''American Jewish Yearbook'', the Jewish population of Europe was about 9.5 million in 1933.&nbsp;... Kan 1945, kadakulan kan mga Europeong Hudyo—duwa sa lambang tolo—napagadan na gayo."<ref name=USHMMPop45>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Holocaust Encyclopedia |title=Remaining Jewish Population of Europe in 1945 |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/remaining-jewish-population-of-europe-in-1945 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613204721/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/remaining-jewish-population-of-europe-in-1945 |archive-date=13 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>}} An paggagadan ginibo sa paagi nin mga [[pogrom]] asin [[#Mass shootings|lagdoan na pambabadil]]; sa paagi nin polisya na [[eksterminasyon paagi nin magabat na pagtrabaho]] sa [[Nazi'ng kampo konsentrasyon|kampo konsentrasyon]]; asin sa paagi nin [[Nazi gas chambers|gas chamber]] saka [[gas van]] na ginigibo sa laog kan mga [[kampo eksterminasyon]] kan mga Nazi' ng Aleman, asin haros kaini nangyaring giniribo sa [[Kampo konsentrasyon nin #Auschwitz II-Birkenau|Auschwitz-Birkenau]], sa [[Belzec kampo eksterminasyon|Bełżec]], sa [[Chełmno kampo eksterminasyon|Chełmno]], sa [[Majdanek kampo eksterminasayon|Majdanek]], sa [[Sobibor kampo eksterminasyon|Sobibór]], asin sa [[Treblinka kampo eksterminasyon |Treblinka]] sa laog kan [[Pagsakop kan Polonya (1939–1945)|okupadong Polonya]].<ref>https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nazi-camps. Kinua 08-23-22.</ref> An Alemanya pig'implementar an pagpersegir sa magkapirang lakdang. Kan si [[Adolf Hitler]] manombrahan na [[Chancellor nin Alemanya|chancellor]] kan 30 Enero 1933, an rehimen nagtugdok nin network nin mga kampo konsentrasyon sa Alemanya para sa mga kaiwal sa politika asin para duman man sa mga "daing kamanongdanan" o sinasabing "mga inutil", na enot na kampo kaini iyo an [[Kampo konsentrasyon nin Dachau|Dachau]] kan 22 Marso 1933.<ref>For the date, see {{harvnb|Marcuse|2001|p=21}}.</ref> Pakapasar kan inapod na [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]] kan 24 Marso,{{sfn|Stackelberg|Winkle|2002|pp=141–143}} na nagbado ki Hitler nin sa diktaduryang poderes, an [[Gobyerno nin Alemanyang Nazi|gobyerno]] nagpoon nang ipagsuway an mga Hudyo sa sosyedad sibil; na ini kabali an [[Pagboykot kan Nazi kan mga Hudyong negosyo|pagboboykot kan mga negosyong Hudyo]] kan Abril 1933 asin pagpari'gon kan inapod na [[Nuremberg Laws]] kan Septyembre 1935. Kan 9–10 Nobyembre 1938, walong bulan pakasakop kan Alemanya kan [[Anschluss|Austria]], an mga negosyong Hudyo asin ibang mga edipisyo pinagsaralakat o sinurulo' sa kahiwasan nin Alemanya asin Austria sa inapod nindang ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' (an "Banggi nin Rarapak na Salming"). Pakasakyada kan Alemanya kan [[Paglusob kan Polonya|Polonya]] kan Septyembre 1939, na iyo an nagsabrit sa pagputok kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]], an rehimen nagkaraag nin mga [[Nazi ghetto|ghetto]] ngani isuway mga Hudyo. Mangyari, rinibong mga kampo asin mga lugar nin detensyon an nakaraag sa bilog na Europang okupado kan Nazi. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]] fqu1z5l0y2k9he645kpiocqlomcarv3 0 37290 234237 234203 2022-08-25T14:03:23Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Emanuele Fiano | image = Emanuele Fiano daticamera 2013.jpg | imagesize = 150px | office1 = Myembro kan [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] | term_start1 = 28 Abril 2006 | term_end1 = | constituency1 = [[List of Italian constituencies|Lombardy 1]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|3|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Milan]], Italya | nationality = | religion = | alma_mater = [[Polytechnic University of Milan]] | residence = | profession = | party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] | spouse = | children = }} Si '''Emanuele (Lele) Fiano''' (namundag 13 Marso 1963, sa [[Milan]], [[Italy]]<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://www.camera.it/29?shadow_deputato=301452 |language=Italian |title=Emanuele Fiano &ndash; PD |accessdate=20 April 2011 |publisher=camera.it}}</ref>) myembro nin [[Italian Chamber of Deputies]] para sa centre-left [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Partito Democratico]] (Democratic Party of Italy).<ref name="bio"/>Sarong prominenteng pigura sa komunidad nin [[Italyanong Hudyo|Italyanong Hudyo]], si Fiano dating presidente kan Komunidad Hudyo nin Milan asin dating direktor kan Unyon nin mga Komunidad Hudyo sa sa Italya. ==Kaamayi nin buhay asin edukasyon== Si Fiano [[Nedo Fiano]], sarong [[Lista nin mga nakaligtas sa Holokausto|nakaligtas sa Holokausto]] nadeportar sa [[Kampo konsentrasyon nin Auschwitz|Auschwitz]] alagad siya an solong nakaligtas sa pamilya niya. Sa saiyang pagkahubin, si Emanuele sarong Hudyong lider sa [[Hashomer Hatzair]] [[Socialist]]&ndash;[[Zionismo|Zionista]] [[hiron kan mga hubin]] sa Milan.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=4&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=623&PID=0&IID=6194&TTL=The_Paradox_of_the_Italian_Jewish_Experience_in_1990-2010 |title=The Paradox of the Italian Jewish Experience in 1990-2010 |last=Nissan |first=Dr. Ephraim |date=15 March 2011 |journal=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |issue=66 |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720005707/http://jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=4&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=623&PID=0&IID=6194&TTL=The_Paradox_of_the_Italian_Jewish_Experience_in_1990-2010 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Si Fiano nagklase sa [[Politecnico di Milano]], kun saen siya naresibi an B.A. sa arkitektura kan 1988 asin saiyang [[Doctorado sa Pilosopiya|PhD]] sa urban architectural design kan taon 2002. Pakatapos, siya saro nang arkitektong libre na mayong amo.<ref name="pd"/> ==Karera politika== Kan 1996 si Fiano nanominar sa Italian Chamber of Deputies, College [[Giambellino-Lorenteggio|Giambellino]]/[[San Siro (district)|San Siro]] sa Milan, alagad siya dai man naelihir.<ref name="bio"/> Siya naelihir sa Konseho kan Siyudad nin Milan kan 1997 asin nabotohan giraray sa dating pwesto kan 2001.<ref name="pd"/> Kan Abril 2006 siya naelehir sa Chamber of Deputies, Area III sa lista Olive. Nagin siyang myembro kan Partito Democratico kan Mayo 2008 asin naelehir sa Constituent Assembly sa primarya nasyonal kan Oktobre 2007 sa lista ni [[Walter Veltroni]]. Siya naman naelehir sa bandera kan Partito Democratico sa Abril 2008 na eleksyon sa Area III. Bilang parlamentaryo, siya nagserbi sa Commission of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications sa 2008 asin sa Committee on the Safety of the Republic poon Mayo 2008 abot Enero 2010.<ref name="bio"/> Siya an tagataram kan home affairs para sa Partito Democratico.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.infiniteunknown.net/2011/04/10/pm-berlusconis-senators-try-to-bring-fascism-back-to-italian-politics/ |title= PM Berlusconi's Senators Try To Bring Fascism Back To Italian Politics |last=Day |first=Michael |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=8 April 2011 |accessdate=20 April 2011}}</ref> Durante kan enot na kongreso nin Partito Democratico, siya kandidato para sekretaryo heneral para sa [[Lombardy]]. Nakaag siya sa ikaduwang pwesto sa primarya kan 25 Oktobre 2009 na may mga 30% kan boto.<ref name="bio"/> ==Hudyo aktibismo== Si Fiano direktor sa Komunidad Hudyo nin Milan poon 1988 abot 2001, na pamayo kan programa kultural. Dangan kaini, siya nagin presidente kan Komunidad poon 1998 sundo 2001. Poon 2001 abot 2006 siya Direktor kan Unyon nin mga Italyanong Komunidad nin mga Hudyo.<ref name="bio"/> Poon pa kan 2005 si Fiano iyo an sekretaryo nasyonal kan Makawala para Israel, sarong organisasyon politikal na nag'aampoyon sa mga pana'naw nin [[Politika Israel#Political left|Israeli'ng Makawala]] asin naglalaban sa mga anti-Israel na mga pagkikiling. Sa siring na katongdan, si Fiano nagsusuporta sa mga inisyatibo sa interkultural na pagpapamugtakan, sakop an anoman na pag'urulay Israeli-Palestino. Siya nagsuporta man sa pagmukna k n inaapod na "Hardin nin mga Matanos" sa [[Monte Stella (Milan)|Monte Stella]] sa Milan.<ref name="bio"/> ==Pamilya== Naagom niya si Tamara Rabà, sarong psikologo na taga-Milan, kan 1989. An mag'agom nag'estar sa [[kibbutz]] sa Israel nin sarong taon bago nagbalik sa Italya. Igwa sinda nin duwang aking lalaki, si David asin Michael.<ref name="pd">{{cite web |url=http://beta.partitodemocratico.it/utenti/profilo.htm?id=3284 |language=Italian |title=Emanuele Fiano |accessdate=20 April 2011 |publisher=Partito Democratico |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424113133/http://beta.partitodemocratico.it/utenti/profilo.htm?id=3284 |archivedate=24 April 2011 }}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{authority control}}{{Poon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fiano, Emanuele}} [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitekto taga-Milan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hudyong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Partido Demokratikong (Italya) mga politiko]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga politikong Italyano]] [[Kategorya:Mga Demokratang Makawalang mga politiko]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hudyong Italyanong politiko]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1963 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga buhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga Politikong mga taga-Milan]] ikw4xwxkmpsykjeeeqm5bpvymueo03s 0 37291 234239 234208 2022-08-25T14:07:16Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lauber Dezso 1908.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Dezső Lauber]] Si '''Dezső Lauber '''(23 Mayo 1879 &ndash; 5 Sepytembre 1966) sarong [[Hunggariya|Hunggaro]]ng sportsman asin [[arkitektura|arkitekto]]. Siya namundag sa [[Pécs]] asin nagadan sa [[Budapest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/222 |title=Dezső Lauber |work=Olympedia |accessdate=22 July 2020}}</ref> Si Lauber saro man na atletang kampyon kan kahurihan nin ika-19ng siglo asin kaamayi nin ika-20ng siglo, na nakikikompetensya sa lantad nin [[bobsleigh]], [[ice skating]], [[golf]], [[cycle sport|cycling]], asin [[tennis]]. Sa ultimong isport, siya naglaban sa [[1908 Olimpikong Tig-init]] sa London, alagad nadaog siya sa enot na hurnada asin naeliminar.<ref name="sports-reference">{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/la/dezso-lauber-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417231649/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/la/dezso-lauber-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-04-17 |title=Dezső Lauber Olympic Results |accessdate=2014-01-31 |work=sports-reference.com}}</ref> Siya sarong arkitekto sa propesyon, asin kaugos na gayo kan si 1896 Olympik na kampyon sa paglangoy si [[Alfréd Hajós]]. Katuwang si Hajós, siya nagpadara nin desenyo para sa stadium sa arteng kompetisyon ginibo durante kan [[1924 Olimpikong Tig-init]]. An hurado dai naggawad nin medalyang bulawan sa kompetisyon alagad sinda Hajós asin Lauber nata'wan nin medalyang pirak para sa desenyo ninda.<ref name="sports-reference" /> Si Lauber sekretaryo man kan si [[Komiteng Hunggaro sa Olimpiko]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070210045957/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LAUBEDEZ01 Panindog] {{DEFAULTSORT:Lauber, Dezso}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1879 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1966 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Hunggarong parakawat tennis]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hunggarong abyador]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hunggarong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Olimpikong parakawat tennis nin Hunggariya]] [[Kategorya:Mga Parakawat tennis sa 1908 Olimpikong Tig-init]] [[Kategorya:Mga Olimpikong medalistang pirak sa arteng kompetisyon]] [[Kategorya:Mga Isportman haleng Pécs]] [[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Huggarong para-golf]] [[Kategorya:Mga Medalista sa 1924 Olimpikong Tig-init]] [[Kategorya:Mga Olimpikong kompetidor sa arteng kompetisyon]] {{authority control}}{{Tamboan}} kcrdgkt8d0lk5y13j3o76kpp85rcyqm 0 37292 234240 234212 2022-08-25T14:08:48Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Edmund von Trompowsky | image = EvT Portrait.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1851|03|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Imperyong Ruso]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1919|01|19|1851|03|16|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]] | nationality = [[Baltic German]] | known_for = arkitektura | training = | movement = [[Eklektisismo]] | famous works = | patrons = | awards = | education = [[Riga Technical University|Riga Polytechnical Institute]] }} Si '''Edmund von Trompowsky''' (16 Marso 1851 – 19 Enero 1919) sarong [[Baltikong Aleman]] na arkitekto na nagtatrabaho mansana sa presenteng [[Latvia]]. Si Edmund von Trompowsky nag'adal nin inhenyero sibil asin arkitektura sa [[Riga Technical University|Riga Polytechnical Institute]] (ngonyan, Riga Technical University) asin naggradwar kan 1878. Sagkod 1879 siya nagoperar nin sadiring kompanya arkitektural sa [[Vitebsk Governorate]] alagad kan 1880 siya nagpirmi na sa [[Riga]]. Palaen kan trabaho niya komo arkitekto, siya assessor man para sa mga kompanya nin seguro. Durante kan saiyang karera siya nagdesenyo nin sobra sa 100 na edipisyong apartment sa Riga, kadagdagan pa mga edipisyong industryal asin mga pampubliko sa siyudad. Siya aktibo man sa luwas kan siyudad, nag'aambag nin mga desenyo sa mga mas saradit na mga banwaan sa Latvia. Siya nagtao man mga desenyo sa mga proyektong urban sa Riga. Kadaklan kan mga edipisyo yaon sa estilong [[Eklektisismo|eklektik]].<ref name=artnouveau>{{cite book |last= Krastins|first= Janis|date= 2014|title= Rigas Jugendstila Ekas. Art Nouveau buildings in Riga|location= Jelgava|publisher= ADD PROJEKTS|page= 405|isbn= 978-9934-8318-2-9}}</ref> == Galeriya == <gallery> Lāčplēša iela 17, Rīga.JPG|Edipisyong residensya sa Lāčplēša iela 17, Riga (1896) Lāčplēša iela 25, Rīga.JPG|Edipisyo dati kan kaayonan nin mga panday na Latvian sa Lāčplēša iela 25, Riga. Now [[New Riga Theatre]]. (1902-1905) RigaBrieza1.jpg|Edipisyong residensya sa Pulkveža Brieža iela 1, Riga (1883) Riga Jewish community and the museum building.jpg|Edipisyong dati teatro nin mga Hudyo sa Skolas iela 6, Riga. Now [[Museum “Jews in Latvia”|Museum Jews in Latvia]]. (Katuwang ni P. Mandelstamm 1913–1914). Aleksandra Čaka iela 44 dzīvojamā ēka.jpg|Edipisyong residensya sa A. Čaka street 44, Riga. (1911). RigaBruninieku81.jpg|Edipisyong residensya sa Bruņinieku street 81, Riga. (1911). Embassy of China in Latvia.jpg|Embahada nin Tsina sa Latvia Villa Myundel.Architect Trompovsky.1887.jpg|Villa Myundel </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== *{{commons category-inline|Edmund von Trompowsky}} {{Tamboan}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trompowsky, Edmund von}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1851 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1919 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Baltiko-Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitekto haleng Riga]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering]] 7uz6dx0nqj5w0j1ekq1y5g8k2nsgil2 0 37293 234241 234216 2022-08-25T14:11:47Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Wilhelm Bockslaff | image = V Bokslaff.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Bockslaff bago 1900. | birth_name = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|24 October|1858|12}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], [[Imperyong Ruso]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1945|03|9|1858|10|12|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Poznań|Posen]], [[Wartheland]], [[Nazi'ng Alemanya]] | nationality = [[Baltikong Aleman]] | field = [[Arkitektura]] | training = | movement = [[Eklektisismo]], [[Art Nouveau]] | famous works = | patrons = | awards = | education = [[Riga Polytechnicum]] }} Si '''Wilhelm Ludwig Nikolai Bockslaff''' ({{lang-lv|Vilhelms Ludvigs Nikolajs Bokslafs}}, {{lang-ru|Вильгельм Людвиг Николай Бокслаф}}; {{OldStyleDate|24 Oktobre|1858|12}}, [[Riga]] – 9 Marso 1945, [[Poznań]]) sarong [[Baltikong Aleman]] na [[arkitekto]] na nagtatrabaho sa [[Riga]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Krastiņš | first = Jānis | authorlink = Jānis Krastiņš | title = Rīgas arhitektūras meistari 1850–1940 : The masters of architecture of Riga 1850–1940. | language = Leton, Ingles | publisher = Jumava | location = Riga | series = | year = 2002 | oclc = 52258305 | isbn = 9984-05-450-0 }}</ref> Siya konsiderado bilang saro sa mas importanteng representante nin [[Eklektisismo]], [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] asin estilong [[Art Nouveau]] sa siyudad. Siya midbid sa mga konstruksyon nin simbahan. == Biograpiya== Si Wilhelm Bockslaff namundag sa Riga sa 12 Oktobre 1858. An saiyang ama iyo idtong mayaman na komersyante asin industrialistang Nicholas Ludwig Bockslaff. Kan 1878 nagpoon na siyang adal sa arkitektura sa [[Riga Polytechnicum]] asin naggradwar kan 1885. Pakagradwar, siya nagpirmi sa polytechnikum na magtrabaho bilang assistant. Siya nagtrabaho sa mga opisina nin mga arkitektong sinda Johann Koch asin [[Heinrich Scheel]]. Dangan siya nagbukas kan sadiring opisina sa arkitektura. Sa panahon na ini inadalan niya an historya kan [[St. Peter's Church, Riga|St. Peter's church]] sa Riga asin ibang mga [[medieval]] na edipisyo sa siyudad. Kan 1894 inagom niya si Eva Riker. Si Bockslaff nagtrabaho haros sa estilong [[Eklektisismo sa arkitektura|eklektik]], espesyalmente sa [[Neo-Gothic]] na estilo. Alagad, siya nagdesenyo nin mga edipisyo sa pormang [[Art Nouveau]]. Mga nauunabihan na mga edipisyo iyo an [[Jaunmokas Manor]] harani sa [[Tukums]] asin Commercial school sa Riga (ngonyan, [[Art Academy of Latvia]]). Siya dakul na mga manor na ipigsulit pakatapos kan [[Rusong Rebolusyon nin 1905|Rebolusyon nin 1905]]. Siya nagdesenyo man nin dakul na bilang nin mga simbahan asin mga ibang industryal na mga pabrika asin [[tangke nin tubig]]. Kan mga 1930 siya nagdesenyo nin memorial para saiya asin saiyang agom sa Riga [[Great Cemetery]]. Alagad, an agom niya mansana an nalubong duman kan 1939. Siya pinirit [[Nazi-Sobyet paghuhubo sa populasyon|maghale]] sa Latvia kairiba an mayoriya kan mga [[Baltkong Aleman]] asin nag'estar sa [[Poznań|Posen]]. Siya nagadan kan 9 Marso 1945 sa Posen. An saiyang aking babae ilinubong siya sa natad kan harongan ninda. Pakatapos kan gera siya anonimong inilubong sa sarong lokal na sementeryo. Sa pag'onra kan ika-150ng anibersaryo niya, sarong monumento an ipinatindog sa parke nin [[Mālpils Manor]]. ==Galeriya== <gallery> File:Jaunmoku pils 1999-11-06 (2).jpg|[[Jaunmokas Manor]]. Natugdok kan 1901 File:Riga makslas akademija academy of art.jpg|Commercial School natugdok 1902–1905. (Now [[Art Academy of Latvia]].) File:Building in Riga 5.JPG|Building at the Amatu street 4, Old Riga. Natugdok 1903 File:Rīga, Krusta baznīca 2002-05-12.jpg| [[Church of the Cross, Riga|Church of the Cross]], Riga. Natugdok 1910 File:Jauniela 25 29 02.JPG|Building in Jauniela 25/29 (Neuburg house) Old Riga. Natugdok 1903 File:Nometņu iela 47-8.JPG|Building at the Nometņu street 47 (1909) File:Ūdenstornis, Rīga, Alīses iela 4.JPG|Water tower at the Alīses street 4, Riga. Natugdok 1910 File:Brīvības iela 137.JPG|Building of the former Leutner bicycle factory on Brīvības street 137 Riga. Natugdok 1894. File:Dubultu evanģēliski luteriskā baznīca.jpg|Dubultu Lutheran church File:A. Čaka iela 28, Rīga 01.jpg|Aleksandra Čaka Building </gallery> ==Hilnga man== *[[Dzelzava Manor]] *[[Jaunmokas Manor]] *[[Jaunpils Castle]] *[[Lielstraupe Castle]] *[[Mālpils Manor]] *[[Taurupe Manor]] *[[Vecbebri Manor]] ==Toltolan== {{Commons category|Wilhelm Bockslaff}} *''An artikulong ini iyo enot na pigpalis gikan sa Alemanong Wikipedya.'' {{Reflist}} {{poon}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bokslafs, Vilhelms}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1858 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1945 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitekto haleng Riga]] [[Kategorya:Mga Baltikong Alewman]] [[Kategorya:Art Nouveau'ng mga arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Riga Technical University]] [[Kategorya:Mga Paratukdo sa Riga Technical University]] 8ifnqyqs9gzbll2m69csbnmlpc2mrlj 0 37294 234251 234220 2022-08-25T14:23:41Z Ralffralff 14987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CFEngel.jpg|thumb|Sarong pinta ki Carl Ludvig Engel, ni [[Johan Erik Lindh]]]] Si '''Carl Ludvig Engel''', o '''Johann Carl Ludwig Engel''' (3 Hulyo 1778 – 14 Mayo 1840),<ref>{{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}}</ref> sarong Aleman na arkitekto na an mas mga mauunibahan na mga trabaho niya yaon nahaman sa [[Helsinki]]. An saiyang mga trabaho kabarali an mga edipisyo sa palibot kan sentro kan kabesera, an [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin an mga edipisyo makukua sa laog kan syudad, arog kan [[Helsinki Cathedral]], an Senado (ngonyan, Palasyo kan Konseho nin Estado), an Munisipyo kan Shyudad nin Helsinki, an biblioteka asin asn mayor na edipisyo kan [[Helsinki University]]. Si Engel nagadan kandied 14 Mayo 1840 sa Helsinki. ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> File:Helsingin yliopiston päärakennus.jpg|The main building of the [[University of Helsinki]] File:Senate Square and Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.jpg|The [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] and [[Helsinki Cathedral|Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki]] File:Helsingin_kaupungintalo_satamasta.jpg|[[Helsinki City Hall]] (1833), originally a hotel File:National_Library_of_Finland.jpg|[[National Library of Finland]] File:Johanneksenkirkko (Hamina) 1.jpg|St. John's Church in [[Hamina]] File:Kulosaaren kartano.jpg|[[Kulosaari Manor]] (c. 1810) File:Kuopion Lyseon lukio.jpg|[[Kuopio Lyceum High School]] in [[Kuopio]] (1826) File:Kohtu8 oiguskantsler.jpg|Palace on Kohtu street 8, [[Tallinn]] File:Eckeroe-Storby Postmuseum.jpg|[[Eckerö Mail and Customs House]] (1828) File:Pyhän_Kolminaisuuden_Kirkko_-_DSC03943.JPG|[[Holy Trinity Church, Helsinki]] (1826) File:Lapuan_tuomiokirkko.jpg|[[Lapua Cathedral]] (1827) File:Sahalahden kirkko.JPG|[[Sahalahti (village)|Sahalahti]] church (1829) File:Lieksa bell tower.jpg|[[Lieksa]] bell tower (1836) File:Alajärvi Church 2015.JPG|[[Alajärvi church]] (c. 1836) File:Kaivohuone A -Marit Henriksson.jpg|[[Kaivohuone]] (1838) File:Pori town hall, 2006.jpg|[[Pori Old Town Hall]] (1841) </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons|Carl Ludvig Engel}} * {{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}} {{Authority control (arts)}}{{Tamboan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Engel, Carl Ludvig}} [[Category:1778 births]] [[Category:1840 deaths]] [[Category:Artists from Berlin]] [[Category:People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg]] [[Category:Finnish people of German descent]] [[Category:18th-century German architects]] [[Category:Finnish architects]] [[Category:German neoclassical architects]] [[Category:19th-century German architects]] 19hom153zm7id6gnrileqeqkh6onfqo 234257 234251 2022-08-26T01:18:05Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CFEngel.jpg|thumb|Sarong pinta ki Carl Ludvig Engel, ni [[Johan Erik Lindh]]]] Si '''Carl Ludvig Engel''', o '''Johann Carl Ludwig Engel''' (3 Hulyo 1778 – 14 Mayo 1840),<ref>{{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}}</ref> sarong Aleman na arkitekto na an mas mga mauunibahan na mga trabaho niya yaon nahaman sa [[Helsinki]]. An saiyang mga trabaho kabarali an mga edipisyo sa palibot kan sentro kan kabesera, an [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin an mga edipisyo makukua sa laog kan syudad, arog kan [[Helsinki Cathedral]], an Senado (ngonyan, Palasyo kan Konseho nin Estado), an Munisipyo kan Syudad nin Helsinki, an biblioteka asin an mayor na edipisyo kan [[Helsinki University]]. Si Engel nagadan kan 14 Mayo 1840 sa Helsinki. ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> File:Helsingin yliopiston päärakennus.jpg|An mayor na edipisyo kan [[Unibersidad nin Helsinki]] File:Senate Square and Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.jpg|The [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin [[Katedral Helsinki|Katedral Luterano sa Helsinki]] File:Helsingin_kaupungintalo_satamasta.jpg|[[Munisipyo nin Helsinki]] (1833), dati hotel File:National_Library_of_Finland.jpg|[[Biblioteka Nasyonal nin Finlandya]] File:Johanneksenkirkko (Hamina) 1.jpg|St. John's Church sa [[Hamina]] File:Kulosaaren kartano.jpg|[[Kulosaari Manor]] (c. 1810) File:Kuopion Lyseon lukio.jpg|[[Kuopio Lyceum High School]] sa [[Kuopio]] (1826) File:Kohtu8 oiguskantsler.jpg|Palasyo sa Kohtu street 8, [[Tallinn]] File:Eckeroe-Storby Postmuseum.jpg|[[Eckerö Mail and Customs House]] (1828) File:Pyhän_Kolminaisuuden_Kirkko_-_DSC03943.JPG|[[Simbahan nin Santa Trinidad, Helsinki]] (1826) File:Lapuan_tuomiokirkko.jpg|[[Katedral Lapua]] (1827) File:Sahalahden kirkko.JPG|[[Sahalahti (village)|Sahalahti]] simbahan (1829) File:Lieksa bell tower.jpg|[[Lieksa]] kampanaryo (1836) File:Alajärvi Church 2015.JPG|[[Simbahan Alajärvi]] (c. 1836) File:Kaivohuone A -Marit Henriksson.jpg|[[Kaivohuone]] (1838) File:Pori town hall, 2006.jpg|[[Pori Old Town Hall]] (1841) </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons|Carl Ludvig Engel}} * {{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}} {{Authority control (arts)}}{{Tamboan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Engel, Carl Ludvig}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1778 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1840 nas kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Artista haleng Berlin]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nagbabanwa sa Margraviate nin Brandenburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na may dugong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-18ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Aleman na Neoklasikong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-19 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] s1ju9gxekbzcb6gz4deybmz7qpkyfaw 234258 234257 2022-08-26T01:26:02Z Ringer 55 /* Kataytayan nin mga ladawan */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CFEngel.jpg|thumb|Sarong pinta ki Carl Ludvig Engel, ni [[Johan Erik Lindh]]]] Si '''Carl Ludvig Engel''', o '''Johann Carl Ludwig Engel''' (3 Hulyo 1778 – 14 Mayo 1840),<ref>{{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}}</ref> sarong Aleman na arkitekto na an mas mga mauunibahan na mga trabaho niya yaon nahaman sa [[Helsinki]]. An saiyang mga trabaho kabarali an mga edipisyo sa palibot kan sentro kan kabesera, an [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin an mga edipisyo makukua sa laog kan syudad, arog kan [[Helsinki Cathedral]], an Senado (ngonyan, Palasyo kan Konseho nin Estado), an Munisipyo kan Syudad nin Helsinki, an biblioteka asin an mayor na edipisyo kan [[Helsinki University]]. Si Engel nagadan kan 14 Mayo 1840 sa Helsinki. ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> File:Helsingin yliopiston päärakennus.jpg|An mayor na edipisyo kan [[Unibersidad nin Helsinki]] File:Senate Square and Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.jpg|The [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin [[Katedral Helsinki|Katedral Luterano sa Helsinki]] File:Helsingin_kaupungintalo_satamasta.jpg|[[Munisipyo nin Helsinki]] (1833), dati hotel File:National_Library_of_Finland.jpg|[[Biblioteka Nasyonal nin Finlandya]] File:Johanneksenkirkko (Hamina) 1.jpg|Simbahan ni San Juan sa [[Hamina]] File:Kulosaaren kartano.jpg|[[Kulosaari Manor]] (c. 1810) File:Kuopion Lyseon lukio.jpg|[[Kuopio Lyceum High School]] sa [[Kuopio]] (1826) File:Kohtu8 oiguskantsler.jpg|Palasyo sa Kohtu street 8, [[Tallinn]] File:Eckeroe-Storby Postmuseum.jpg|[[Eckerö Mail and Customs House]] (1828) File:Pyhän_Kolminaisuuden_Kirkko_-_DSC03943.JPG|[[Simbahan nin Santa Trinidad, Helsinki]] (1826) File:Lapuan_tuomiokirkko.jpg|[[Katedral Lapua]] (1827) File:Sahalahden kirkko.JPG|[[Sahalahti (baryo)|Sahalahti]]ng Simbahan (1829) File:Lieksa bell tower.jpg|Kampanaryo [[Lieksa]] (1836) File:Alajärvi Church 2015.JPG|[[Simbahan Alajärvi]] (c. 1836) File:Kaivohuone A -Marit Henriksson.jpg|[[Kaivohuone]] (1838) File:Pori town hall, 2006.jpg|[[Pori Old Town Hall]] (1841) </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons|Carl Ludvig Engel}} * {{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}} {{Authority control (arts)}}{{Tamboan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Engel, Carl Ludvig}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1778 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1840 nas kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Artista haleng Berlin]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nagbabanwa sa Margraviate nin Brandenburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na may dugong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-18ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Aleman na Neoklasikong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-19 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] akpyn0ole8lakh1mbf6n8dgg0dd255i 234259 234258 2022-08-26T05:15:12Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CFEngel.jpg|thumb|Sarong pinta ki Carl Ludvig Engel, ni [[Johan Erik Lindh]]]] Si '''Carl Ludvig Engel''', o '''Johann Carl Ludwig Engel''' (3 Hulyo 1778 – 14 Mayo 1840),<ref>{{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}}</ref> sarong Aleman na arkitekto na an mas mga mauunibahan na mga trabaho niya yaon nahaman sa [[Helsinki]]. An saiyang mga trabaho kabarali an mga edipisyo sa palibot kan sentro kan kabesera, an [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin an mga edipisyo makukua sa laog kan syudad, arog kan [[Helsinki Cathedral]], an Senado (ngonyan, Palasyo kan Konseho nin Estado), an Munisipyo kan Syudad nin Helsinki, an biblioteka asin an mayor na edipisyo kan [[Helsinki University]]. ==Biograpiya== Si Carl Ludvig Engel namundag kan 1778 sa [[Charlottenburg]], [[Berlin]], sa pamilya nin mga mason. An pagnonobato niya sa pagmason iyo an nakaganyat saiya sa pagpadagos niya kan propesyon sa arkitektura. Siya nag'adal sa Berlin Institute of Architecture<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Carl_Ludvig_Engel.html|title=Carl Ludvig Engel - Great Buildings Online}}</ref> na pakatapos igdi siya nagserbi sa [[Prussia]] komo administrador nin mga edipisyo. An resulta nin pagroro' gibo kan kapangganahan ni Napoleon sa Prussia kan 1806 nagpirit sa saiya asin mga kairibang mga arkitekto na magpa-abroad sa paghanap nin trabaho. Kan 1808 siya nagkainteres magin arkitekto nin banwaan sa [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]. Saiyang nasikwit an pwesto asin huli kaini naparani siya sa [[St. Petersburg]] asin impluwensya kaini sa estilong neoklasikal [[Estilong imperyo]]. An Finlandya man harani man sa nalulugaran niya asin nag'agi man nin bagong eksperensya bilang sarong [[Grand Duchy nin Finlandya|Grand Duchy sa irarom nin Rusong pananakop]]. Si Engel nagpoon nang magtrabho sa Tallinn kan 1809, alagad napiritan siyang maghubo' ta dikit an proyekto. Saro sa proyekto niya sa Tallim, Estonia, iyo an palasyo sa Kohtu street 8 na hanggan ngonyan nagtitindog pa (ngonyan namugtakan kan Estonian [[Chancellor of Justice]]) asin man posible idtong [[Kernu]] manor. Poon 1814 abot 1815 siya nagtrabaho sa sarong negosyante sa [[Turku]], [[Finlandya]], asin huli kaini namidbiran niya si [[Johan Albrecht Ehrenström]], na iyo an namoon sa proyekto nin pagsusulit kan Helsinki. An siyudad napli na iyo an kabisera kan [[Grand Duchy nin Finlandya]]. Si Ehrenström naghahanap nin arkitektong mahusay katuwang niya sa trabahong kontrata asin ta an pagkabistohan kan duwa dakulang swerte sa karera ni Carl Ludvig Engel. Dai man totoo naghaloy siya naglipat sa St. Petersburg kan Marso 1815. Igdi nakakua siya nin trabaho. [[File:Helsinki 1820.jpg|thumb|Drowing ni Engel kan [[Helsinki]], taon 1820]] Kan 1816 si Engel nagpaplano bumalik sa syudad niyang kinamundagan, alagad si Ehrenström napakarhay na papeles sa saiyang paglipat sa Helsinki. An mga plano ni Engel dapit sa rekonstruksyon kan syudad nin Helsinki pinahiling ki [[Alexander I of Russia|Czar Alexander I]] asin kan Pebrero siya pignombrahan na mamayo sa komite nin rekonstruksyon sa Helsinki. Huna ni Engel temporaryong trabaho lang ini{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}, alagad ini imbes iyo an nagin trabaho kan bilog niyang buhay. Kan 1819–1820, kan an mga enot na proyekto niya nabibilog na, an saiyang status bilang pamayong arkitekto sa Grand Duchy orog na nagpusog ta dakul na mga proyekto pa an ikinargo saiya na giribohon sa uiba-ibang parte kan Helsinki, pribado asin pampubliko. An pinal na paghayag kan saiyang papel bilang mamahala kan mahiwasan na mga proyekto iyo kqan 1824 siya pignombrahan na pamayo kan Intendant's Office, responsable sa gabos na patrabaho sa mga edipsiyo nin estado sa bilog na nasyon nin finlandya,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maailmanmuisti.fi/index.php?page=c.-l.-engels-collection-of-letters-and-drawings|title = C. L. Engel's collection of letters and drawings - Memory of the World}}</ref> na itinangro saiya alagad enot pigsayumahan niya ta nhuna niya makabalik pa siya sa Prussia - kan an enot na payo nagdemitir sa pwesto, an arkitektong si [[Charles Bassi|Carlo Bassi]], na kapot man an pkatongdan sagkod sa nagadan ini. Sa mga trabaho niya na mga mayor iyo pa an [[Helsinki Old Church]] sa [[Kamppi]] natapos kan 1826. Siya man iyo an nagdesenyo kan enot na teatro sa Helsinki, ''[[Engels Teater]]'', kan 1827. siya man an naghaman kan {{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} bagong plano nin syudad para sa [[Turku]] kan an syudad na ini natomtom sa dkaulang kalayo [[Kasulong Dakula sa Turku]] kan 1827. Si Engel nagadan kan 14 Mayo 1840 sa Helsinki. ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> File:Helsingin yliopiston päärakennus.jpg|An mayor na edipisyo kan [[Unibersidad nin Helsinki]] File:Senate Square and Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.jpg|The [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin [[Katedral Helsinki|Katedral Luterano sa Helsinki]] File:Helsingin_kaupungintalo_satamasta.jpg|[[Munisipyo nin Helsinki]] (1833), dati hotel File:National_Library_of_Finland.jpg|[[Biblioteka Nasyonal nin Finlandya]] File:Johanneksenkirkko (Hamina) 1.jpg|Simbahan ni San Juan sa [[Hamina]] File:Kulosaaren kartano.jpg|[[Kulosaari Manor]] (c. 1810) File:Kuopion Lyseon lukio.jpg|[[Kuopio Lyceum High School]] sa [[Kuopio]] (1826) File:Kohtu8 oiguskantsler.jpg|Palasyo sa Kohtu street 8, [[Tallinn]] File:Eckeroe-Storby Postmuseum.jpg|[[Eckerö Mail and Customs House]] (1828) File:Pyhän_Kolminaisuuden_Kirkko_-_DSC03943.JPG|[[Simbahan nin Santa Trinidad, Helsinki]] (1826) File:Lapuan_tuomiokirkko.jpg|[[Katedral Lapua]] (1827) File:Sahalahden kirkko.JPG|[[Sahalahti (baryo)|Sahalahti]]ng Simbahan (1829) File:Lieksa bell tower.jpg|Kampanaryo [[Lieksa]] (1836) File:Alajärvi Church 2015.JPG|[[Simbahan Alajärvi]] (c. 1836) File:Kaivohuone A -Marit Henriksson.jpg|[[Kaivohuone]] (1838) File:Pori town hall, 2006.jpg|[[Pori Old Town Hall]] (1841) </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons|Carl Ludvig Engel}} * {{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}} {{Authority control (arts)}}{{Tamboan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Engel, Carl Ludvig}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1778 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1840 nas kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Artista haleng Berlin]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nagbabanwa sa Margraviate nin Brandenburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na may dugong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-18ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Aleman na Neoklasikong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-19 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] 3gzk21fh3eun60lz082onhgj1m3e80e 234260 234259 2022-08-26T05:21:18Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CFEngel.jpg|thumb|Sarong pinta ki Carl Ludvig Engel, ni [[Johan Erik Lindh]]]] Si '''Carl Ludvig Engel''', o '''Johann Carl Ludwig Engel''' (3 Hulyo 1778 – 14 Mayo 1840),<ref>{{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}}</ref> sarong Aleman na arkitekto na an mas mga mauunibahan na mga trabaho niya yaon nahaman sa [[Helsinki]]. An saiyang mga trabaho kabarali an mga edipisyo sa palibot kan sentro kan kabesera, an [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin an mga edipisyo makukua sa laog kan syudad, arog kan [[Helsinki Cathedral]], an Senado (ngonyan, Palasyo kan Konseho nin Estado), an Munisipyo kan Syudad nin Helsinki, an biblioteka asin an mayor na edipisyo kan [[Helsinki University]]. ==Biograpiya== Si Carl Ludvig Engel namundag kan 1778 sa [[Charlottenburg]], [[Berlin]], sa pamilya nin mga mason. An pagnonobato niya sa pagmason iyo an nakaganyat saiya sa pagpadagos niya kan propesyon sa arkitektura. Siya nag'adal sa Berlin Institute of Architecture<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Carl_Ludvig_Engel.html|title=Carl Ludvig Engel - Great Buildings Online}}</ref> na pakatapos igdi siya nagserbi sa [[Prussia]] komo administrador nin mga edipisyo. An resulta nin pagroro' gibo kan kapangganahan ni Napoleon sa Prussia kan 1806 nagpirit sa saiya asin mga kairibang mga arkitekto na magpa-abroad sa paghanap nin trabaho. Kan 1808 siya nagkainteres magin arkitekto nin banwaan sa [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]. Saiyang nasikwit an pwesto asin huli kaini naparani siya sa [[St. Petersburg]] asin impluwensya kaini sa estilong neoklasikal [[Estilong imperyo]]. An Finlandya man harani man sa nalulugaran niya asin nag'agi man nin bagong eksperensya bilang sarong [[Grand Duchy nin Finlandya|Grand Duchy sa irarom nin Rusong pananakop]]. Si Engel nagpoon nang magtrabho sa Tallinn kan 1809, alagad napiritan siyang maghubo' ta dikit an proyekto. Saro sa proyekto niya sa Tallim, Estonia, iyo an palasyo sa Kohtu street 8 na hanggan ngonyan nagtitindog pa (ngonyan namugtakan kan Estonian [[Chancellor of Justice]]) asin man posible idtong [[Kernu]] manor. Poon 1814 abot 1815 siya nagtrabaho sa sarong negosyante sa [[Turku]], [[Finlandya]], asin huli kaini namidbiran niya si [[Johan Albrecht Ehrenström]], na iyo an namoon sa proyekto nin pagsusulit kan Helsinki. An siyudad napli na iyo an kabisera kan [[Grand Duchy nin Finlandya]]. Si Ehrenström naghahanap nin arkitektong mahusay katuwang niya sa trabahong kontrata asin ta an pagkabistohan kan duwa dakulang swerte sa karera ni Carl Ludvig Engel. Dai man totoo naghaloy siya naglipat sa St. Petersburg kan Marso 1815. Igdi nakakua siya nin trabaho. [[File:Helsinki 1820.jpg|thumb|Drowing ni Engel kan [[Helsinki]], taon 1820]] Kan 1816 si Engel nagpaplano bumalik sa syudad niyang kinamundagan, alagad si Ehrenström napakarhay na papeles sa saiyang paglipat sa Helsinki. An mga plano ni Engel dapit sa rekonstruksyon kan syudad nin Helsinki pinahiling ki [[Alexander I of Russia|Czar Alexander I]] asin kan Pebrero siya pignombrahan na mamayo sa komite nin rekonstruksyon sa Helsinki. Huna ni Engel temporaryong trabaho lang ini{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}, alagad ini imbes iyo an nagin trabaho kan bilog niyang buhay. Kan 1819–1820, kan an mga enot na proyekto niya nabibilog na, an saiyang status bilang pamayong arkitekto sa Grand Duchy orog na nagpusog ta dakul na mga proyekto pa an ikinargo saiya na giribohon sa iba-ibang parte kan Helsinki, pribado asin pampubliko. An pinal na paghayag kan saiyang papel bilang mamahala kan mahiwasan na mga proyekto iyo kan 1824 siya pignombrahan na pamayo kan Intendant's Office, responsable sa gabos na patrabaho sa mga edipisyo nin estado sa bilog na nasyon nin Finlandya,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maailmanmuisti.fi/index.php?page=c.-l.-engels-collection-of-letters-and-drawings|title = C. L. Engel's collection of letters and drawings - Memory of the World}}</ref> na itinangro saiya alagad enot pigsayumahan niya ta huna niya makabalik pa siya sa Prussia - kan an enot na payo nagdemitir sa pwesto, an arkitektong si [[Charles Bassi|Carlo Bassi]], na kapot man an katongdan sagkod sa nagadan ini. Sa mga trabaho niya na mga mayor iyo an [[Helsinki Old Church]] sa [[Kamppi]] natapos kan 1826. Siya man iyo an nagdesenyo kan enot na teatro sa Helsinki, ''[[Engels Teater]]'', kan 1827. siya man an naghaman kan {{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} bagong plano nin syudad para sa [[Turku]] kan an syudad na ini natomtom sa dakulang kalayo [[Kasulong Dakula sa Turku]] kan 1827. Si Engel nagadan kan 14 Mayo 1840 sa Helsinki. ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> File:Helsingin yliopiston päärakennus.jpg|An mayor na edipisyo kan [[Unibersidad nin Helsinki]] File:Senate Square and Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.jpg|The [[Helsinki Senate Square|Senate Square]] asin [[Katedral Helsinki|Katedral Luterano sa Helsinki]] File:Helsingin_kaupungintalo_satamasta.jpg|[[Munisipyo nin Helsinki]] (1833), dati hotel File:National_Library_of_Finland.jpg|[[Biblioteka Nasyonal nin Finlandya]] File:Johanneksenkirkko (Hamina) 1.jpg|Simbahan ni San Juan sa [[Hamina]] File:Kulosaaren kartano.jpg|[[Kulosaari Manor]] (c. 1810) File:Kuopion Lyseon lukio.jpg|[[Kuopio Lyceum High School]] sa [[Kuopio]] (1826) File:Kohtu8 oiguskantsler.jpg|Palasyo sa Kohtu street 8, [[Tallinn]] File:Eckeroe-Storby Postmuseum.jpg|[[Eckerö Mail and Customs House]] (1828) File:Pyhän_Kolminaisuuden_Kirkko_-_DSC03943.JPG|[[Simbahan nin Santa Trinidad, Helsinki]] (1826) File:Lapuan_tuomiokirkko.jpg|[[Katedral Lapua]] (1827) File:Sahalahden kirkko.JPG|[[Sahalahti (baryo)|Sahalahti]]ng Simbahan (1829) File:Lieksa bell tower.jpg|Kampanaryo [[Lieksa]] (1836) File:Alajärvi Church 2015.JPG|[[Simbahan Alajärvi]] (c. 1836) File:Kaivohuone A -Marit Henriksson.jpg|[[Kaivohuone]] (1838) File:Pori town hall, 2006.jpg|[[Pori Old Town Hall]] (1841) </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons|Carl Ludvig Engel}} * {{BLF|3213|Carl Ludvig Engel}} {{Authority control (arts)}}{{Tamboan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Engel, Carl Ludvig}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1778 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1840 nas kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Artista haleng Berlin]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nagbabanwa sa Margraviate nin Brandenburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na may dugong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-18ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pines na arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Aleman na Neoklasikong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-19 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] 4mh273qi4g8ijejz7gxy8k6clapj64u 1 37295 234225 2022-08-25T13:34:57Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-11 |klase=poon |importansya=Hababa }}}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-11 |klase=poon |importansya=Hababa }}}} 39prczllt7f8bvbf6nj84dcucrgt2hb 1 37296 234227 2022-08-25T13:47:55Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-4 |klase=poon |importansya=Halangkaw }}}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-4 |klase=poon |importansya=Halangkaw }}}} s06t3nblxpg3xfq925we6bskcveno05 0 37297 234229 2022-08-25T13:55:22Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Holokausto]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Holokausto]] ad74bafcabr48677006mxgb9hhhxi6i 0 37298 234230 2022-08-25T13:55:57Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Holokausto]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Holokausto]] ad74bafcabr48677006mxgb9hhhxi6i 0 37299 234231 2022-08-25T13:56:35Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Holokausto]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Holokausto]] ad74bafcabr48677006mxgb9hhhxi6i 1 37300 234232 2022-08-25T13:57:24Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-7 |klase=tamboan |importansya=Halangkaw }}}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-7 |klase=tamboan |importansya=Halangkaw }}}} 6suctxjyez6d4upi242nvhpuprmk8u6 0 37301 234233 2022-08-25T13:58:47Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Cissa Guimarães]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cissa Guimarães]] gzzesi1e7iz28y3fl7w39liw1igm0lj 1 37302 234234 2022-08-25T13:59:29Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-9 |klase=poon |importansya=Tahaw }}}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-9 |klase=poon |importansya=Tahaw }}}} 2znzj3mpx0ewaqmt7xrss5lljioqlb0 1 37303 234236 2022-08-25T14:02:31Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-7 |klase=poon |importansya=Tahaw }}}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-7 |klase=poon |importansya=Tahaw }}}} 9wk59m1zuq7vz4hof6j5za2jn39zn9d 0 37304 234238 2022-08-25T14:04:23Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Emanuele Fiano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Emanuele Fiano]] 1f9qf865t71zq4s0v082a2snrw1602z 0 37305 234242 2022-08-25T14:12:39Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Wilhelm Bockslaff]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wilhelm Bockslaff]] dfqtqh7a2uv9ehwqx9ti0j9oavesnet 10 37306 234243 2022-08-25T14:14:07Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=lv }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[Category:Balto-Slavic multilingual support templates]] </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=lv }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[Category:Balto-Slavic multilingual support templates]] </noinclude> 4s9c3lgf93q1e5t6p3owqoyxyycdrwe 0 37307 234246 2022-08-25T14:19:01Z Ralffralff 14987 Ralffralff pinagbalyo an pahina [[Mga face mask durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] pasiring sa [[Mga pupon durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]]: As per suggested, Bikol translation of "face mask" to "pupon" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mga pupon durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] qmbdgrh6lq492h5ph76ghyhpfqynpx6 1 37308 234248 2022-08-25T14:19:02Z Ralffralff 14987 Ralffralff pinagbalyo an pahina [[Olay:Mga face mask durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] pasiring sa [[Olay:Mga pupon durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]]: As per suggested, Bikol translation of "face mask" to "pupon" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Olay:Mga pupon durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] n1zayj947j5ozybok6aa7f8ph02992v 0 37309 234249 2022-08-25T14:21:00Z Ralffralff 14987 Piglilikay sa [[Carl Ludvig Engel]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Carl Ludvig Engel]] 38n5qwxe4h99ba7aayvx0f41u1cv69w 10 37310 234250 2022-08-25T14:22:07Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{cite book |author={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{author|}}}}} |year={{{year|}}} |title=[[Biografiskt lexikon för Finland]] |publisher=[[Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland]] |location= Helsingfors |language=sv |pages={{{pages|}}} |id={{#if:{{{URN|}}}|[[Uniform Resource Name|urn]]:[http://urn.fi/URN:{{{URN|}}} {{{URN|}}}]|{{#if:{{#property:P10713}}|[[Uniform Resource Name|urn]]:[http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:sls-{{#property:P10713}} NBN:fi:sls-{{#propert..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{cite book |author={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{author|}}}}} |year={{{year|}}} |title=[[Biografiskt lexikon för Finland]] |publisher=[[Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland]] |location= Helsingfors |language=sv |pages={{{pages|}}} |id={{#if:{{{URN|}}}|[[Uniform Resource Name|urn]]:[http://urn.fi/URN:{{{URN|}}} {{{URN|}}}]|{{#if:{{#property:P10713}}|[[Uniform Resource Name|urn]]:[http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:sls-{{#property:P10713}} NBN:fi:sls-{{#property:P10713}}]| }} }} |chapter={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{PAGENAME}} }} }} |chapter-url={{#if:{{{1|}}}|https://blf.fi/artikel.php?id={{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{#property:P3595}}|https://blf.fi/artikel.php?id={{#property:P3595}}|http://blf.fi}} }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> acdhn24el9w2gx8kn2zae8lcr0lbvko 1 37311 234255 2022-08-25T14:29:29Z Ralffralff 14987 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-3 |klase=tamboan |importansya=Tahaw }}}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-3 |klase=tamboan |importansya=Tahaw }}}} p98ob207kni817ef7930gcfjq0g8od9 0 37312 234261 2022-08-26T05:22:31Z Jay Bolero 19490 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:tl:Special:Redirect/revision/1733803|Paliparan]]" wikitext text/x-wiki == Palayogan == [[Talaksan:Airport_Sign.svg|thumb|An simbolo para sa mga palayogan]] [[Talaksan:Sultan_Azlan_Shah_Airport.JPG|thumb|Palayogan]] An sarong '''palayogan''' iya an lugar na kun sain an lunadan panghimpapawid siring kan mga [[eroplano]], [[helikopter]], asin [[blimp]] iyo naglalayog paharayo sa daga. An mga lunadan panghimpapawid iyo mapupwede man na nakatipon o nagtitinir sa palayogan. An sarong palayogan iyo binibilog kan dai mababa sa sarong ibabaw siring kan sarong dalna, sarong helipad, o tubig para sa pagtaas asin paglanding, asin mapupwedeng parating kaibahan an mga edificio siring kan garahe kan eroplano asin terminal building. An mga mas darakulang palayogan iyo mapupwedeng may taning na an operator kan estandarteng serbisyo, eroplanong pantubig, docks asin ramps, air traffic control, mga pasilidad pang pasahero siring kan mga restoran asin lounges, asin emergency na serbisyo. An militar na palayogan iyo bistado bilang sarong airbase o air estasyon. An mga katagang airfield, airstrip, asin aerodrome iyo mapupwede man na magamit tanganing sumangguni sa mga palayogan, asin an mga panundon heliport, eruplanong pantubig base, asin STOLport sumangguni sa airports dedikado eksklusibo sa helicopters, seaplanes, o hali'pot na pagtaas asin paglanding kan lunadan na panghimpapawid. Sa nagkapirang mga hurisdiksiyon, an mga kataga na palayogan iyo ginagamit kun sain an mga pasilidad na ini iyo lisensiyado bilang siring kan mga may government organization (hal. ang US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Transport Canada). Sa ibang lugar sa pagkakalain sana iyo an saro sa mga pangkagabsan na hitsura. Alagad an iba pang mga lugar na itakda an sarong palayogan kaini sa paagi kan pagkakaigwa nin mga kinakaipohan na customs opisina asbp linalaoman na sarong port, lang ang mas pangkagabsan na kataga iyo palayogan kan entry. th1uapya1lngnotkb7rthhwh40m8lwp 234262 234261 2022-08-26T05:26:21Z Jay Bolero 19490 /* Palayogan */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Palayogan == [[Talaksan:Airport_Sign.svg|thumb|An simbolo para sa mga palayogan]] [[Talaksan:Sultan_Azlan_Shah_Airport.JPG|thumb|Palayogan]] An sarong '''palayogan''' iyo an lugar na kun sain an lunadan panghimpapawid siring kan mga [[eroplano]], [[helikopter]], asin [[blimp]] iyo naglalayog paharayo sa daga. An mga lunadan panghimpapawid iyo mapupwede man na nakatipon o nagtitinir sa palayogan. An sarong palayogan iyo binibilog kan dai mababa sa sarong ibabaw siring kan sarong dalna, sarong helipad, o tubig para sa pagtaas asin paglanding, asin mapupwedeng parating kaibahan an mga edificio siring kan garahe kan eroplano asin terminal building. An mga mas darakulang palayogan iyo mapupwedeng may taning na an operator kan estandarteng serbisyo, eroplanong pantubig, docks asin ramps, air traffic control, mga pasilidad pang pasahero siring kan mga restoran asin lounges, asin emergency na serbisyo. An militar na palayogan iyo bistado bilang sarong airbase o air estasyon. An mga katagang airfield, airstrip, asin aerodrome iyo mapupwede man na magamit tanganing sumangguni sa mga palayogan, asin an mga panundon heliport, eruplanong pantubig base, asin STOLport sumangguni sa airports dedikado eksklusibo sa helicopters, seaplanes, o hali'pot na pagtaas asin paglanding kan lunadan na panghimpapawid. Sa nagkapirang mga hurisdiksiyon, an mga kataga na palayogan iyo ginagamit kun sain an mga pasilidad na ini iyo lisensiyado bilang siring kan mga may government organization (hal. ang US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Transport Canada). Sa ibang lugar sa pagkakalain sana iyo an saro sa mga pangkagabsan na hitsura. Alagad an iba pang mga lugar na itakda an sarong palayogan kaini sa paagi kan pagkakaigwa nin mga kinakaipohan na customs opisina asbp linalaoman na sarong port, lang ang mas pangkagabsan na kataga iyo palayogan kan entry. cve8hsrazsh4c1rv8ikcg5i7p33vj9a 0 37313 234263 2022-08-26T06:20:33Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining " {{stack| [[File:Elias Holl.jpg|right|thumb|Elias Holl]] [[File:Rathaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|right|An Munisipyo kan [[Augsburg]]]] [[File:Augsburg Zeughaus.jpg|thumb|Zeughaus sa Augsburg, pigdesenyo ni Elias Holl]] [[File:Elias Holl Wohnhaus Tafel.jpg|right|thumb|San harong ni Holl]] }} Si '''Elias Holl''' (28 Pebrero 1573 sa [[Augsburg]] &ndash; 6 Enero 1646 sa Augsburg) iyo an pinakaimportantng [[arkitekto]] kan kahurihan nin [[Alemanya|Aleman]] na Renasim..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{stack| [[File:Elias Holl.jpg|right|thumb|Elias Holl]] [[File:Rathaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|right|An Munisipyo kan [[Augsburg]]]] [[File:Augsburg Zeughaus.jpg|thumb|Zeughaus sa Augsburg, pigdesenyo ni Elias Holl]] [[File:Elias Holl Wohnhaus Tafel.jpg|right|thumb|San harong ni Holl]] }} Si '''Elias Holl''' (28 Pebrero 1573 sa [[Augsburg]] &ndash; 6 Enero 1646 sa Augsburg) iyo an pinakaimportantng [[arkitekto]] kan kahurihan nin [[Alemanya|Aleman]] na [[Renasimyentong arkitektura]]. ==Buhay== Si Elias Holl namundag sa Augsburg, Werbhausgasse 2. Siya guminikan sa mga paro-pandayon na pamilya. An ama niyang si Hans Holl (1512-1594) iyo an nagtukdo saiya. Kan 1596 nakapasar siya sa eksamen, an [[Meisterprüfung]]. Pakapag palipas niya nin oras sa [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] asin [[Italya]] kan mga taon 1600/1601 – pigbisita niya an [[Bozen]] asin [[Venice]] – kan 1602 nangagin siyang ''Werkmeister'' nin Augsburg. Kan 1629 nawara saiya an katongdan komo ''Stadtbaumeister'' huli ta siya sarong [[protestante]]. Poon kaidto inaapod na lang siyang ''Stadtgeometer''. Hinaklas siya sa pwesto kan 1631. Siya nakalubong sa [[Sementeryong Protestante nin Augsburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.augsburger-gedenktage.de/Gedenken/Elias-holl/Protestantischer-friedhof.htm|title = Das Grab von Elias Holl in Augsburg}}</ref> ==Mga hinaman na edipisyo== Siya an arkitekto asin tagapatugdok kan landmark nin Augsburg: an [[Munisipyo nin Augsburg]]. Dakul pang mga edipisiyo sa Augsburg an mga proyekto niya: [[Augsburger Zeughaus|Zeughaus]] (1602-1607), [[Wertachbrucker Tor]] (1605) [[Stadtmetzg]] (1609), St.-Anna-Gymnasium (1613), pagsu'yab sa [[Perlachturm]] (1614-1616) asin kan [[Heilig-Geist-Spital (Augsburg)|Heilig-Geist-Spital]] (1626-1631) (yaon igdi an [[Augsburger Puppenkiste]]) ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons category}} * [https://archive.today/20070423145429/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=1512 Elias Holl on augsburg.de] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holl, Elias}} [[Kategorya:Mga tawo haleng Augsburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1573 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1646 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-16 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Ika-17ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga arkitektong Babaro]] bvtjoyhzg0mxl6e5ptu8ig7kkyzpdbj 234264 234263 2022-08-26T06:21:06Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stack| [[File:Elias Holl.jpg|right|thumb|Elias Holl]] [[File:Rathaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|right|An Munisipyo kan [[Augsburg]]]] [[File:Augsburg Zeughaus.jpg|thumb|Zeughaus sa Augsburg, pigdesenyo ni Elias Holl]] [[File:Elias Holl Wohnhaus Tafel.jpg|right|thumb|Sa harong ni Holl]] }} Si '''Elias Holl''' (28 Pebrero 1573 sa [[Augsburg]] &ndash; 6 Enero 1646 sa Augsburg) iyo an pinakaimportantng [[arkitekto]] kan kahurihan nin [[Alemanya|Aleman]] na [[Renasimyentong arkitektura]]. ==Buhay== Si Elias Holl namundag sa Augsburg, Werbhausgasse 2. Siya guminikan sa mga paro-pandayon na pamilya. An ama niyang si Hans Holl (1512-1594) iyo an nagtukdo saiya. Kan 1596 nakapasar siya sa eksamen, an [[Meisterprüfung]]. Pakapag palipas niya nin oras sa [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] asin [[Italya]] kan mga taon 1600/1601 – pigbisita niya an [[Bozen]] asin [[Venice]] – kan 1602 nangagin siyang ''Werkmeister'' nin Augsburg. Kan 1629 nawara saiya an katongdan komo ''Stadtbaumeister'' huli ta siya sarong [[protestante]]. Poon kaidto inaapod na lang siyang ''Stadtgeometer''. Hinaklas siya sa pwesto kan 1631. Siya nakalubong sa [[Sementeryong Protestante nin Augsburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.augsburger-gedenktage.de/Gedenken/Elias-holl/Protestantischer-friedhof.htm|title = Das Grab von Elias Holl in Augsburg}}</ref> ==Mga hinaman na edipisyo== Siya an arkitekto asin tagapatugdok kan landmark nin Augsburg: an [[Munisipyo nin Augsburg]]. Dakul pang mga edipisiyo sa Augsburg an mga proyekto niya: [[Augsburger Zeughaus|Zeughaus]] (1602-1607), [[Wertachbrucker Tor]] (1605) [[Stadtmetzg]] (1609), St.-Anna-Gymnasium (1613), pagsu'yab sa [[Perlachturm]] (1614-1616) asin kan [[Heilig-Geist-Spital (Augsburg)|Heilig-Geist-Spital]] (1626-1631) (yaon igdi an [[Augsburger Puppenkiste]]) ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons category}} * [https://archive.today/20070423145429/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=1512 Elias Holl on augsburg.de] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holl, Elias}} [[Kategorya:Mga tawo haleng Augsburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1573 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1646 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-16 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Ika-17ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga arkitektong Babaro]] 1572gqiymywvlffsxvfgriggzoz07wk 234265 234264 2022-08-26T06:30:27Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stack| [[File:Elias Holl.jpg|right|thumb|Elias Holl]] [[File:Rathaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|right|An Munisipyo kan [[Augsburg]]]] }} Si '''Elias Holl''' (28 Pebrero 1573 sa [[Augsburg]] &ndash; 6 Enero 1646 sa Augsburg) iyo an pinakaimportantng [[arkitekto]] kan kahurihan nin [[Alemanya|Aleman]] na [[Renasimyentong arkitektura]]. ==Buhay== Si Elias Holl namundag sa Augsburg, Werbhausgasse 2. Siya guminikan sa mga paro-pandayon na pamilya. An ama niyang si Hans Holl (1512-1594) iyo an nagtukdo saiya. Kan 1596 nakapasar siya sa eksamen, an [[Meisterprüfung]]. Pakapag palipas niya nin oras sa [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] asin [[Italya]] kan mga taon 1600/1601 – pigbisita niya an [[Bozen]] asin [[Venice]] – kan 1602 nangagin siyang ''Werkmeister'' nin Augsburg. Kan 1629 nawara saiya an katongdan komo ''Stadtbaumeister'' huli ta siya sarong [[protestante]]. Poon kaidto inaapod na lang siyang ''Stadtgeometer''. Hinaklas siya sa pwesto kan 1631. Siya nakalubong sa [[Sementeryong Protestante nin Augsburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.augsburger-gedenktage.de/Gedenken/Elias-holl/Protestantischer-friedhof.htm|title = Das Grab von Elias Holl in Augsburg}}</ref> ==Mga hinaman na edipisyo== Siya an arkitekto asin tagapatugdok kan landmark nin Augsburg: an [[Munisipyo nin Augsburg]]. Dakul pang mga edipisiyo sa Augsburg an mga proyekto niya: [[Augsburger Zeughaus|Zeughaus]] (1602-1607), [[Wertachbrucker Tor]] (1605) [[Stadtmetzg]] (1609), St.-Anna-Gymnasium (1613), pagsu'yab sa [[Perlachturm]] (1614-1616) asin kan [[Heilig-Geist-Spital (Augsburg)|Heilig-Geist-Spital]] (1626-1631) (yaon igdi an [[Augsburger Puppenkiste]]) ==Galeriya== <gallery> File:Augsburg Zeughaus.jpg|thumb|Zeughaus sa Augsburg, pigdesenyo ni Elias Holl File:Elias Holl Wohnhaus Tafel.jpg|right|thumb|Sa harong ni Holl File:Blick auf die Willibaldsburg.jpg|Blick auf die Willibaldsburg File:Klosterlechfeld Kirche.jpg|Catholic pilgrimage church File:Lützeldorf Pfarrkirche 02.JPG|St. George Church </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons category}} * [https://archive.today/20070423145429/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=1512 Elias Holl on augsburg.de] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holl, Elias}} [[Kategorya:Mga tawo haleng Augsburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1573 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1646 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-16 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Ika-17ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga arkitektong Babaro]] 1jbka9vrwd1ssch5wck0rqz92kw6arw 234266 234265 2022-08-26T06:41:12Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stack| [[File:Elias Holl.jpg|right|thumb|Elias Holl]] [[File:Rathaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|right|An Munisipyo kan [[Augsburg]]]] [[File:Elias Holl Wohnhaus Tafel.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Sa harong ni Holl]] }} Si '''Elias Holl''' (28 Pebrero 1573 sa [[Augsburg]] &ndash; 6 Enero 1646 sa Augsburg) iyo an pinakaimportantng [[arkitekto]] kan kahurihan nin [[Alemanya|Aleman]] na [[Renasimyentong arkitektura]]. ==Buhay== Si Elias Holl namundag sa Augsburg, Werbhausgasse 2. Siya guminikan sa mga paro-pandayon na pamilya. An ama niyang si Hans Holl (1512-1594) iyo an nagtukdo saiya. Kan 1596 nakapasar siya sa eksamen, an [[Meisterprüfung]]. Pakapag palipas niya nin oras sa [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] asin [[Italya]] kan mga taon 1600/1601 – pigbisita niya an [[Bozen]] asin [[Venice]] – kan 1602 nangagin siyang ''Werkmeister'' nin Augsburg. Kan 1629 nawara saiya an katongdan komo ''Stadtbaumeister'' huli ta siya sarong [[protestante]]. Poon kaidto inaapod na lang siyang ''Stadtgeometer''. Hinaklas siya sa pwesto kan 1631. Siya nakalubong sa [[Sementeryong Protestante nin Augsburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.augsburger-gedenktage.de/Gedenken/Elias-holl/Protestantischer-friedhof.htm|title = Das Grab von Elias Holl in Augsburg}}</ref> ==Mga hinaman na edipisyo== Siya an arkitekto asin tagapatugdok kan landmark nin Augsburg: an [[Munisipyo nin Augsburg]]. Dakul pang mga edipisiyo sa Augsburg an mga proyekto niya: [[Augsburger Zeughaus|Zeughaus]] (1602-1607), [[Wertachbrucker Tor]] (1605) [[Stadtmetzg]] (1609), St.-Anna-Gymnasium (1613), pagsu'yab sa [[Perlachturm]] (1614-1616) asin kan [[Heilig-Geist-Spital (Augsburg)|Heilig-Geist-Spital]] (1626-1631) (yaon igdi an [[Augsburger Puppenkiste]]) ==Galeriya== <gallery> File:Augsburg Zeughaus.jpg|thumb|Zeughaus sa Augsburg, pigdesenyo ni Elias Hol File:Rathaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|right|An Munisipyo kan [[Augsburg]] File:Blick auf die Willibaldsburg.jpg|Blick auf die Willibaldsburg File:Klosterlechfeld Kirche.jpg|Catholic pilgrimage church File:Lützeldorf Pfarrkirche 02.JPG|St. George Church File:Augsburg, Fassade der Historische Stadtmetzgerei (LR5.3) (11577320896).jpg|Facade of the historic town butcher's shop </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons category}} * [https://archive.today/20070423145429/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=1512 Elias Holl on augsburg.de] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holl, Elias}} [[Kategorya:Mga tawo haleng Augsburg]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1573 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1646 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-16 na siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Ika-17ng siglong mga arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga arkitektong Babaro]] 0hvx0ia5899ju1a52v3hvfkzkx98avv 0 37314 234267 2022-08-26T10:45:07Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining " [[Image:Hamburg-Holthusenbad-2004.jpg|right|thumb|Hamburg Municipal Baths]] [[Image:Finanzbehörde Hamburg 001.jpg|right|thumb|Finance agency (Finanzbehörde) Hamburg]] [[Image:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P066318, Hamburg, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte.jpg|thumb|right|[[Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte]] in 1930]] Si '''Fritz Schumacher''' (4 Nobyembre 1869 – 5 Nobyembre 1947) sarong arkitektong Aleman asin paradesenyong urban. ==Biograpiya== Si Schu..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Hamburg-Holthusenbad-2004.jpg|right|thumb|Hamburg Municipal Baths]] [[Image:Finanzbehörde Hamburg 001.jpg|right|thumb|Finance agency (Finanzbehörde) Hamburg]] [[Image:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P066318, Hamburg, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte.jpg|thumb|right|[[Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte]] in 1930]] Si '''Fritz Schumacher''' (4 Nobyembre 1869 – 5 Nobyembre 1947) sarong arkitektong Aleman asin paradesenyong urban. ==Biograpiya== Si Schumacher namundag sa sarong pamilyang diplomatiko sa [[Bremen (siyudad)|Bremen]] kan 1869. An pamilyang Schumacher halaqwig nang nag'eerok igdi poon pa kan ika-15ng siglo. Saiyang pagpalihis kan pagkaaki sa Bogotá, Colombia (1872–74) asin sa Nweba York(1875–83). Pakaadal niya sa Munich asin Berlin, kan 1901 si Schumacher nagin propesor sa interior design sa unibersidad teknikal na yaon sa Dresden. Dakul siyang pinahaman igdi nin mga edipisyong munisipal, parati katuweang an saiyang estudyante asin eskultor arkitektural na si [[Richard Kuöhl]]. Kan 1908, sa edad na 39, inako niya an alok na siya magin direktor sa edipisyo para sa siyudad nin [[Hamburg]], asin nagtukaw sa siring na katongdan kan 1909.<ref>Jenkins, Jennifer (2003). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=AYO5Waj5L9kC&pg=PA207 Of Parks and Theaters: Conceptions of Urban Space in Fritz Schumacher's Hamburg]." In [[Peter Uwe Hohendahl]] (Ed.), ''Patriotism, Cosmopolitanism, and National Culture: Public Culture in Hamburg, 1700-1933'' (pp. 207-219). Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 207.</ref> An mga desenyo niya sa Hamburg kabarali an [[hamburgmuseum|Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte]]<ref>[http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/en/hamburgmuseum/history/history.htm#.VXNLoXphgRw History]." Historische Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 2015-06-06.</ref> asin an [[Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg|Staatliche Gewerbeschule Hamburg]]. An mga desenyong ini hanggan sa pagretiro niya kan 1933 naghira sa lalawgon kan siyudad pasiring sa arte asin arkitekturang nhiron na inapod ''[[Neue Sachlichkeit]]'' asin nagtao nin doon swa paggamit kan pantugdok na materyal na "[[ladrilyo]]". An legasiya kan saiyang mga kahamanan hanggan ngonyan nahihiling pa sa mga distrito nin Hamburg. Si Schumacher nagadan kan 1947 sa sarong hospital sa Hamburg.<ref>(German) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200109222924/http://www.gg-dulsberg.de/fritz.html Fritz Schumacher]." Section "Fritz (Friedrich Wilhelm) Schumacher, 1869-1947, Biographie." Geschichtsgruppe Dulsberg e.V. (www.gg-dulsberg.de). Website of a registered voluntary association dedicated to historical research and activities related to the [[Dulsberg]] quarter of Hamburg, which was planned by Schumacher. Retrieved 2015-06-06.</ref> == Lista nin mga trabaho == ''Hilnga [[Lista nin mga trabaho ni Fritz Schumacher]]'' ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{commons category|Fritz Schumacher}} *{{DNB portal|118611585}} *[http://gesellschaft.fritzschumacher.de/ Fritz-Schumacher-Gesellschaft] website *[http://institut.fritzschumacher.de/ Fritz-Schumacher-Institut] [[Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg]] *[http://www.bildarchiv-hamburg.de/hamburg/gebaeude/fritz_schumacher/ picture of Schumacher buildings in Hamburg] bildarchiv-hamburg.de *[http://www.architekten-portrait.de/fritz_schumacher Fritz Schumacher. 1869 - 1947] architekten-portrait.de *[http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/d/1999/krieger/5.pdf Fritz-Schumacher-Preise] (PDF, 106 kB) *[http://art-on-paper.ch/item_detail.php?lang=en&item=13158 last picture (Gertrud Lerbs-Bernecker)] art-on-paper.ch * {{PM20|FID=pe/016137}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Schumacher, Fritz}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1869 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1947 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-20ng siglong mgs arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga paradesensyong urban]] [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitektong mga taga Hamburg]] rg8ccrykpj6nqa6llb17dynrtg3qecv 234268 234267 2022-08-26T10:51:46Z Ringer 55 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Schumacher Fritz Radierung Kalckreuth 1916.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Si Fritz Schumacher]] [[Image:Hamburg-Holthusenbad-2004.jpg|right|thumb|Hamburg Municipal Baths]] [[Image:Finanzbehörde Hamburg 001.jpg|right|thumb|Finance agency (Finanzbehörde) Hamburg]] [[Image:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P066318, Hamburg, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte.jpg|thumb|right|[[Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte]] in 1930]] Si '''Fritz Schumacher''' (4 Nobyembre 1869 – 5 Nobyembre 1947) sarong arkitektong Aleman asin paradesenyong urban. ==Biograpiya== Si Schumacher namundag sa sarong pamilyang diplomatiko sa [[Bremen (siyudad)|Bremen]] kan 1869. An pamilyang Schumacher halaqwig nang nag'eerok igdi poon pa kan ika-15ng siglo. Saiyang pagpalihis kan pagkaaki sa Bogotá, Colombia (1872–74) asin sa Nweba York(1875–83). Pakaadal niya sa Munich asin Berlin, kan 1901 si Schumacher nagin propesor sa interior design sa unibersidad teknikal na yaon sa Dresden. Dakul siyang pinahaman igdi nin mga edipisyong munisipal, parati katuweang an saiyang estudyante asin eskultor arkitektural na si [[Richard Kuöhl]]. Kan 1908, sa edad na 39, inako niya an alok na siya magin direktor sa edipisyo para sa siyudad nin [[Hamburg]], asin nagtukaw sa siring na katongdan kan 1909.<ref>Jenkins, Jennifer (2003). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=AYO5Waj5L9kC&pg=PA207 Of Parks and Theaters: Conceptions of Urban Space in Fritz Schumacher's Hamburg]." In [[Peter Uwe Hohendahl]] (Ed.), ''Patriotism, Cosmopolitanism, and National Culture: Public Culture in Hamburg, 1700-1933'' (pp. 207-219). Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 207.</ref> An mga desenyo niya sa Hamburg kabarali an [[hamburgmuseum|Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte]]<ref>[http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/en/hamburgmuseum/history/history.htm#.VXNLoXphgRw History]." Historische Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 2015-06-06.</ref> asin an [[Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg|Staatliche Gewerbeschule Hamburg]]. An mga desenyong ini hanggan sa pagretiro niya kan 1933 naghira sa lalawgon kan siyudad pasiring sa arte asin arkitekturang nhiron na inapod ''[[Neue Sachlichkeit]]'' asin nagtao nin doon swa paggamit kan pantugdok na materyal na "[[ladrilyo]]". An legasiya kan saiyang mga kahamanan hanggan ngonyan nahihiling pa sa mga distrito nin Hamburg. Si Schumacher nagadan kan 1947 sa sarong hospital sa Hamburg.<ref>(German) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200109222924/http://www.gg-dulsberg.de/fritz.html Fritz Schumacher]." Section "Fritz (Friedrich Wilhelm) Schumacher, 1869-1947, Biographie." Geschichtsgruppe Dulsberg e.V. (www.gg-dulsberg.de). Website of a registered voluntary association dedicated to historical research and activities related to the [[Dulsberg]] quarter of Hamburg, which was planned by Schumacher. Retrieved 2015-06-06.</ref> == Lista nin mga trabaho == ''Hilnga [[Lista nin mga trabaho ni Fritz Schumacher]]'' ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{commons category|Fritz Schumacher}} *{{DNB portal|118611585}} *[http://gesellschaft.fritzschumacher.de/ Fritz-Schumacher-Gesellschaft] website *[http://institut.fritzschumacher.de/ Fritz-Schumacher-Institut] [[Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg]] *[http://www.bildarchiv-hamburg.de/hamburg/gebaeude/fritz_schumacher/ picture of Schumacher buildings in Hamburg] bildarchiv-hamburg.de *[http://www.architekten-portrait.de/fritz_schumacher Fritz Schumacher. 1869 - 1947] architekten-portrait.de *[http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/d/1999/krieger/5.pdf Fritz-Schumacher-Preise] (PDF, 106 kB) *[http://art-on-paper.ch/item_detail.php?lang=en&item=13158 last picture (Gertrud Lerbs-Bernecker)] art-on-paper.ch * {{PM20|FID=pe/016137}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Schumacher, Fritz}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1869 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1947 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Ika-20ng siglong mgs arkitektong Aleman]] [[Kategorya:Mga paradesensyong urban]] [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitektong mga taga Hamburg]] 6md5l3bm1zrv6kshyezhxu6kokzgf1e 0 37315 234269 2022-08-26T11:11:23Z Filipinayzd 7 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1093670707|List of national parks of the Philippines]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Area ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Established ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Location ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Coordinates |- !Provinces !Island Group |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Aurora Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5676.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |{{hlist|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]|[[Nueva Ecija]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.58423" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.58423|N|121.39990|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Aurora Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Balbalasang–Balbalan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1338.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Kalinga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.45000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.45000|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bangan Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|13.90|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1995 |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.48333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.48333|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bangan Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bataan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|23688.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1945 |[[Bataan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.60602" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.60602|N|120.50848|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bataan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Biak-na-Bato National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2117.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Bulacan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.11875" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.11875|N|121.08510|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Biak-na-Bato National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bulabog Putian National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|854.33|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1961 |[[Iloilo]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.03370" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.03370|N|122.66730|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bulabog Putian National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Nasyonal na Parke nin Caramoan|Caramoan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|347.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.78036" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.78036|N|123.88020|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Caramoan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Cassamata Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1974 |[[Abra]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.59122" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.59122|N|120.62143|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Cassamata Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Fuyot Springs National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|819.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Isabela]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.21116" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.21116|N|122.01555|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Fuyot Springs National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.50|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Cebu]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.13357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.13357|N|123.60009|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Hundred Islands National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1676.30|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1940 |[[Pangasinan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.20050" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.20050|N|120.03763|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Hundred Islands National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|364.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.64581" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.64581|N|124.92034|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Butig National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|68.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.73523" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.73523|N|124.28869|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Butig National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Dapao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1500.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.78782" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.78782|N|124.04743|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Dapao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Libmanan Caves National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|19.40|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1934 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.65000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.65000|N|122.80000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Libmanan Caves National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Luneta National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|58|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1955 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.58325" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.58325|N|120.97831|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Luneta National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|6.78|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1977 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.17207" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.17207|N|125.01244|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mado Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|48.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Syudad nin Cotabato|Cotabato]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.21667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.21667|N|124.25000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mado Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Minalungao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2018.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1967 |[[Nueva Ecija]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.30738" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.30738|N|121.14240|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Minalungao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Arayat National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|3715.23|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1933 |[[Pampanga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.20373" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.20373|N|120.72925|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Arayat National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Dajo National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|213.35|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Sulu]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="6.01293" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|6.01293|N|121.05358|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Dajo National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Data National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5512.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1936 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Mountain Province]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.87804" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.87804|N|120.83841|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Data National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|75455.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Occidental Mindoro|Mindoro Occidental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="12.74340" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|12.74340|N|121.12521|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bukid Pulag|Mount Pulag National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|11550.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1987 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Ifugao]]|[[Nueva Vizcaya]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.58357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.58357|N|120.88359|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Pulag National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Naujan Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|21655.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1956 |[[Oriental Mindoro|Mindoro Oriental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.17270" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.17270|N|121.34273|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Naujan Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1316.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1963 |[[Ilocos Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.48614" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.48614|N|120.45305|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|9.04|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1968 |[[Zambales]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.82685" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.82685|N|120.28599|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pagsanjan Gorge National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|152.64|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Laguna]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.26667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.26667|N|121.48333|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pagsanjan Gorge National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pantuwaraya Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|20.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.03333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.03333|N|124.26667|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pantuwaraya Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Paoay Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|340.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Ilocos Norte]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="18.12114" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|18.12114|N|120.53654|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Paoay Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#CFECEC;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Puerto Princesa Subterranean River <nowiki><span about="#mwt197" class="nowrap" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Nowrap&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;National Park&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAZc" typeof="mw:Transclusion">National Park</span></nowiki> | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22202.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1999 |[[Palawan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="10.1667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.1667|N|118.9167|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22.70|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1975 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.65110" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.65110|N|121.04928|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Quezon Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Rungkunan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.06100" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.06100|N|124.40318|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Rungkunan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Sacred Mountain National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|94.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.02120" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.02120|N|124.29633|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Sacred Mountain National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Salikata National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.87046" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.87046|N|124.35879|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Salikata National Park|format=dms}} |} An Mga Pambanwang Parke kan Filipinas (Filipino: Pambansang Liwasan ng Pilipinas) iyo an mga lugar na natural o pangkasaysayan na halaga na pinagdesignar para sa proteksyon asin paggamit nin nasusustenir kan Departamento kan Kapalibotan asin Natural na Rekurso sa irarom kan National Integted Protegted Areas System Act (1992). Kan 2012, igwang 240 protektadong mga lugar sa Pilipinas, na kun saen 35 an klasipikadong mga Pambanwang Parke Kan Hunyo 22, 2018, an dugang pang 94 na mga kritikal na lugar inapod na pambanwang mga parke, duminakol na sa bilang na 107, kan si Presidente Rodrigo Duterte nagpirma sa E-NIPAS Act of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Expanded Nipas law creates 94 more nat’l parks across PH|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1007859/expanded-nipas-law-creates-94-more-natl-parks-across-ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=E-NIPAS law to protect 94 more critical habitats|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/09/1831853/e-nipas-law-protect-94-more-critical-habitats}}</ref> == Mga pambanwang parke == {{Color box|#CFECEC}}&nbsp;''[[Pankinában na Pamanang Lugar|Pankinaban na Pamanang Lugar]] o kabtang kan sarong Pangkinaban na Pamanang Lugar''.   {| class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Area ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Established ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Location ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Coordinates |- !Provinces !Island Group |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Aurora Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5676.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |{{hlist|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]|[[Nueva Ecija]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.58423" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.58423|N|121.39990|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Aurora Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Balbalasang–Balbalan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1338.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Kalinga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.45000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.45000|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bangan Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|13.90|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1995 |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.48333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.48333|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bangan Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bataan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|23688.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1945 |[[Bataan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.60602" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.60602|N|120.50848|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bataan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Biak-na-Bato National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2117.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Bulacan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.11875" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.11875|N|121.08510|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Biak-na-Bato National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bulabog Putian National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|854.33|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1961 |[[Iloilo]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.03370" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.03370|N|122.66730|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bulabog Putian National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Nasyonal na Parke nin Caramoan|Caramoan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|347.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.78036" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.78036|N|123.88020|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Caramoan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Cassamata Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1974 |[[Abra]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.59122" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.59122|N|120.62143|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Cassamata Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Fuyot Springs National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|819.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Isabela]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.21116" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.21116|N|122.01555|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Fuyot Springs National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.50|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Cebu]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.13357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.13357|N|123.60009|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Hundred Islands National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1676.30|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1940 |[[Pangasinan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.20050" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.20050|N|120.03763|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Hundred Islands National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|364.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.64581" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.64581|N|124.92034|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Butig National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|68.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.73523" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.73523|N|124.28869|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Butig National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Dapao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1500.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.78782" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.78782|N|124.04743|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Dapao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Libmanan Caves National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|19.40|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1934 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.65000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.65000|N|122.80000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Libmanan Caves National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Luneta National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|58|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1955 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.58325" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.58325|N|120.97831|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Luneta National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|6.78|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1977 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.17207" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.17207|N|125.01244|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mado Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|48.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Syudad nin Cotabato|Cotabato]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.21667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.21667|N|124.25000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mado Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Minalungao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2018.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1967 |[[Nueva Ecija]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.30738" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.30738|N|121.14240|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Minalungao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Arayat National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|3715.23|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1933 |[[Pampanga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.20373" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.20373|N|120.72925|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Arayat National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Dajo National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|213.35|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Sulu]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="6.01293" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|6.01293|N|121.05358|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Dajo National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Data National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5512.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1936 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Mountain Province]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.87804" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.87804|N|120.83841|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Data National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|75455.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Occidental Mindoro|Mindoro Occidental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="12.74340" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|12.74340|N|121.12521|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bukid Pulag|Mount Pulag National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|11550.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1987 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Ifugao]]|[[Nueva Vizcaya]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.58357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.58357|N|120.88359|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Pulag National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Naujan Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|21655.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1956 |[[Oriental Mindoro|Mindoro Oriental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.17270" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.17270|N|121.34273|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Naujan Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1316.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1963 |[[Ilocos Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.48614" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.48614|N|120.45305|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|9.04|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1968 |[[Zambales]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.82685" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.82685|N|120.28599|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pagsanjan Gorge National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|152.64|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Laguna]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.26667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.26667|N|121.48333|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pagsanjan Gorge National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pantuwaraya Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|20.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.03333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.03333|N|124.26667|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pantuwaraya Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Paoay Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|340.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Ilocos Norte]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="18.12114" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|18.12114|N|120.53654|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Paoay Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#CFECEC;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Puerto Princesa Subterranean River <nowiki><span about="#mwt197" class="nowrap" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Nowrap&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;National Park&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAZc" typeof="mw:Transclusion">National Park</span></nowiki> | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22202.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1999 |[[Palawan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="10.1667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.1667|N|118.9167|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22.70|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1975 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.65110" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.65110|N|121.04928|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Quezon Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Rungkunan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.06100" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.06100|N|124.40318|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Rungkunan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Sacred Mountain National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|94.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.02120" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.02120|N|124.29633|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Sacred Mountain National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Salikata National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.87046" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.87046|N|124.35879|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Salikata National Park|format=dms}} |} ppfxo18k38k4sbfq5etil273gc0l3h6 234270 234269 2022-08-26T11:17:15Z Filipinayzd 7 #WLEPH2022 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mga Pambanwang Parke kan Filipinas''' (Filipino: Pambansang Liwasan ng Pilipinas) iyo an mga lugar na natural o pangkasaysayan na halaga na pinagdesignar para sa proteksyon asin paggamit nin nasusustenir kan Departamento kan Kapalibotan asin Natural na Rekurso sa irarom kan National Integted Protegted Areas System Act (1992). Kan 2012, igwang 240 protektadong mga lugar sa Pilipinas, na kun saen 35 an klasipikadong mga Pambanwang Parke Kan Hunyo 22, 2018, an dugang pang 94 na mga kritikal na lugar inapod na pambanwang mga parke, duminakol na sa bilang na 107, kan si Presidente Rodrigo Duterte nagpirma sa E-NIPAS Act of 2018. {| class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Ngaran ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Hiwas ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taon nin Pagkakamukna ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Kinamumugtakan ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Tagboan |- !Probinsya !Grupo nin Isla |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Aurora Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5676.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |{{hlist|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]|[[Nueva Ecija]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.58423" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.58423|N|121.39990|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Aurora Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Balbalasang–Balbalan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1338.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Kalinga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.45000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.45000|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bangan Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|13.90|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1995 |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.48333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.48333|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bangan Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bataan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|23688.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1945 |[[Bataan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.60602" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.60602|N|120.50848|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bataan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Biak-na-Bato National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2117.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Bulacan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.11875" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.11875|N|121.08510|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Biak-na-Bato National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bulabog Putian National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|854.33|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1961 |[[Iloilo]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.03370" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.03370|N|122.66730|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bulabog Putian National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Nasyonal na Parke nin Caramoan|Caramoan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|347.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.78036" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.78036|N|123.88020|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Caramoan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Cassamata Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1974 |[[Abra]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.59122" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.59122|N|120.62143|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Cassamata Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Fuyot Springs National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|819.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Isabela]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.21116" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.21116|N|122.01555|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Fuyot Springs National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.50|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Cebu]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.13357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.13357|N|123.60009|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Hundred Islands National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1676.30|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1940 |[[Pangasinan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.20050" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.20050|N|120.03763|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Hundred Islands National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|364.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.64581" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.64581|N|124.92034|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Butig National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|68.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.73523" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.73523|N|124.28869|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Butig National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Dapao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1500.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.78782" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.78782|N|124.04743|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Dapao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Libmanan Caves National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|19.40|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1934 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.65000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.65000|N|122.80000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Libmanan Caves National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Luneta National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|58|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1955 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.58325" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.58325|N|120.97831|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Luneta National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|6.78|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1977 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.17207" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.17207|N|125.01244|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mado Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|48.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Syudad nin Cotabato|Cotabato]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.21667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.21667|N|124.25000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mado Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Minalungao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2018.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1967 |[[Nueva Ecija]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.30738" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.30738|N|121.14240|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Minalungao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Arayat National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|3715.23|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1933 |[[Pampanga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.20373" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.20373|N|120.72925|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Arayat National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Dajo National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|213.35|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Sulu]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="6.01293" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|6.01293|N|121.05358|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Dajo National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Data National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5512.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1936 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Mountain Province]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.87804" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.87804|N|120.83841|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Data National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|75455.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Occidental Mindoro|Mindoro Occidental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="12.74340" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|12.74340|N|121.12521|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bukid Pulag|Mount Pulag National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|11550.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1987 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Ifugao]]|[[Nueva Vizcaya]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.58357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.58357|N|120.88359|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Pulag National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Naujan Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|21655.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1956 |[[Oriental Mindoro|Mindoro Oriental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.17270" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.17270|N|121.34273|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Naujan Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1316.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1963 |[[Ilocos Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.48614" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.48614|N|120.45305|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|9.04|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1968 |[[Zambales]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.82685" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.82685|N|120.28599|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pagsanjan Gorge National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|152.64|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Laguna]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.26667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.26667|N|121.48333|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pagsanjan Gorge National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pantuwaraya Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|20.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.03333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.03333|N|124.26667|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pantuwaraya Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Paoay Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|340.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Ilocos Norte]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="18.12114" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|18.12114|N|120.53654|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Paoay Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#CFECEC;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Puerto Princesa Subterranean River <nowiki><span about="#mwt197" class="nowrap" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Nowrap&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;National Park&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAZc" typeof="mw:Transclusion">National Park</span></nowiki> | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22202.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1999 |[[Palawan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="10.1667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.1667|N|118.9167|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22.70|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1975 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.65110" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.65110|N|121.04928|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Quezon Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Rungkunan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.06100" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.06100|N|124.40318|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Rungkunan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Sacred Mountain National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|94.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.02120" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.02120|N|124.29633|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Sacred Mountain National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Salikata National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.87046" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.87046|N|124.35879|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Salikata National Park|format=dms}} |} An Mga Pambanwang Parke kan Filipinas (Filipino: Pambansang Liwasan ng Pilipinas) iyo an mga lugar na natural o pangkasaysayan na halaga na pinagdesignar para sa proteksyon asin paggamit nin nasusustenir kan Departamento kan Kapalibotan asin Natural na Rekurso sa irarom kan National Integted Protegted Areas System Act (1992). Kan 2012, igwang 240 protektadong mga lugar sa Pilipinas, na kun saen 35 an klasipikadong mga Pambanwang Parke Kan Hunyo 22, 2018, an dugang pang 94 na mga kritikal na lugar inapod na pambanwang mga parke, duminakol na sa bilang na 107, kan si Presidente Rodrigo Duterte nagpirma sa E-NIPAS Act of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Expanded Nipas law creates 94 more nat’l parks across PH|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1007859/expanded-nipas-law-creates-94-more-natl-parks-across-ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=E-NIPAS law to protect 94 more critical habitats|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/09/1831853/e-nipas-law-protect-94-more-critical-habitats}}</ref> == Mga pambanwang parke == {{Color box|#CFECEC}}&nbsp;''[[Pankinában na Pamanang Lugar|Pankinaban na Pamanang Lugar]] o kabtang kan sarong Pangkinaban na Pamanang Lugar''.   {| class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Area ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Established ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Location ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Coordinates |- !Provinces !Island Group |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Aurora Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5676.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |{{hlist|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]|[[Nueva Ecija]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.58423" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.58423|N|121.39990|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Aurora Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Balbalasang–Balbalan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1338.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Kalinga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.45000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.45000|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bangan Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|13.90|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1995 |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.48333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.48333|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bangan Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bataan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|23688.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1945 |[[Bataan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.60602" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.60602|N|120.50848|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bataan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Biak-na-Bato National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2117.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Bulacan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.11875" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.11875|N|121.08510|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Biak-na-Bato National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Bulabog Putian National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|854.33|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1961 |[[Iloilo]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.03370" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.03370|N|122.66730|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bulabog Putian National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Nasyonal na Parke nin Caramoan|Caramoan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|347.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.78036" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.78036|N|123.88020|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Caramoan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Cassamata Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1974 |[[Abra]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.59122" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.59122|N|120.62143|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Cassamata Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Fuyot Springs National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|819.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Isabela]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.21116" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.21116|N|122.01555|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Fuyot Springs National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.50|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Cebu]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.13357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.13357|N|123.60009|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Hundred Islands National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1676.30|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1940 |[[Pangasinan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.20050" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.20050|N|120.03763|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Hundred Islands National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|364.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.64581" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.64581|N|124.92034|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Butig National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|68.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.73523" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.73523|N|124.28869|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Butig National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Lake Dapao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1500.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.78782" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.78782|N|124.04743|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Dapao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Libmanan Caves National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|19.40|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1934 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.65000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.65000|N|122.80000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Libmanan Caves National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Luneta National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|58|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1955 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.58325" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.58325|N|120.97831|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Luneta National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|6.78|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1977 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.17207" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.17207|N|125.01244|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mado Hot Spring National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|48.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Syudad nin Cotabato|Cotabato]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.21667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.21667|N|124.25000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mado Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Minalungao National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2018.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1967 |[[Nueva Ecija]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.30738" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.30738|N|121.14240|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Minalungao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Arayat National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|3715.23|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1933 |[[Pampanga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.20373" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.20373|N|120.72925|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Arayat National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Dajo National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|213.35|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Sulu]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="6.01293" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|6.01293|N|121.05358|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Dajo National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mount Data National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5512.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1936 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Mountain Province]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.87804" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.87804|N|120.83841|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Data National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|75455.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Occidental Mindoro|Mindoro Occidental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="12.74340" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|12.74340|N|121.12521|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bukid Pulag|Mount Pulag National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|11550.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1987 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Ifugao]]|[[Nueva Vizcaya]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.58357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.58357|N|120.88359|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Pulag National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Naujan Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|21655.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1956 |[[Oriental Mindoro|Mindoro Oriental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.17270" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.17270|N|121.34273|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Naujan Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1316.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1963 |[[Ilocos Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.48614" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.48614|N|120.45305|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|9.04|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1968 |[[Zambales]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.82685" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.82685|N|120.28599|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pagsanjan Gorge National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|152.64|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Laguna]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.26667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.26667|N|121.48333|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pagsanjan Gorge National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Pantuwaraya Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|20.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.03333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.03333|N|124.26667|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pantuwaraya Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Paoay Lake National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|340.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Ilocos Norte]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="18.12114" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|18.12114|N|120.53654|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Paoay Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#CFECEC;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Puerto Princesa Subterranean River <nowiki><span about="#mwt197" class="nowrap" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Nowrap&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;National Park&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAZc" typeof="mw:Transclusion">National Park</span></nowiki> | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22202.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1999 |[[Palawan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="10.1667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.1667|N|118.9167|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22.70|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1975 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.65110" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.65110|N|121.04928|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Quezon Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Rungkunan National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.06100" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.06100|N|124.40318|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Rungkunan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Sacred Mountain National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|94.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.02120" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.02120|N|124.29633|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Sacred Mountain National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Salikata National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.87046" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.87046|N|124.35879|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Salikata National Park|format=dms}} |} [[Category:Filipinas]] 98k1quuv4jekewg8v2beahz15k5si7q 234271 234270 2022-08-26T11:28:10Z Filipinayzd 7 #WLEPH2022 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mga Pambanwang Parke kan Filipinas''' (Filipino: Pambansang Liwasan ng Pilipinas) iyo an mga lugar na natural o pangkasaysayan na halaga na pinagdesignar para sa proteksyon asin paggamit nin nasusustenir kan Departamento kan Kapalibotan asin Natural na Rekurso sa irarom kan National Integted Protegted Areas System Act (1992). Kan 2012, igwang 240 protektadong mga lugar sa Pilipinas, na kun saen 35 an klasipikadong mga Pambanwang Parke Kan Hunyo 22, 2018, an dugang pang 94 na mga kritikal na lugar inapod na pambanwang mga parke, duminakol na sa bilang na 107, kan si Presidente Rodrigo Duterte nagpirma sa E-NIPAS Act of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Expanded Nipas law creates 94 more nat’l parks across PH|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1007859/expanded-nipas-law-creates-94-more-natl-parks-across-ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=E-NIPAS law to protect 94 more critical habitats|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/09/1831853/e-nipas-law-protect-94-more-critical-habitats}}</ref> == Mga pambanwang parke == {{Color box|#CFECEC}}&nbsp;''[[Pankinában na Pamanang Lugar|Pankinaban na Pamanang Lugar]] o kabtang kan sarong Pangkinaban na Pamanang Lugar''.   {| class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Ngaran ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Lugar ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taon nin Pagkakamukna ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Kinamumugtakan ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Tagboan |- !Mga probinsya !Rehiyon |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Aurora Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5676.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |{{hlist|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]|[[Nueva Ecija]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.58423" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.58423|N|121.39990|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Aurora Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Balbalasang–Balbalan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1338.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Kalinga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.45000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.45000|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bangan Hill National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|13.90|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1995 |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.48333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.48333|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bangan Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bataan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|23688.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1945 |[[Bataan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.60602" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.60602|N|120.50848|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bataan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Biak-na-Bato National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2117.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Bulacan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.11875" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.11875|N|121.08510|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Biak-na-Bato National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bulabog Putian National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|854.33|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1961 |[[Iloilo]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.03370" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.03370|N|122.66730|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bulabog Putian National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Nasyonal na Parke nin Caramoan|Caramoan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|347.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.78036" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.78036|N|123.88020|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Caramoan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Cassamata Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1974 |[[Abra]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.59122" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.59122|N|120.62143|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Cassamata Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Fuyot Springs National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|819.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Isabela]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.21116" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.21116|N|122.01555|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Fuyot Springs National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.50|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Cebu]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.13357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.13357|N|123.60009|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Hundred Islands National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1676.30|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1940 |[[Pangasinan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.20050" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.20050|N|120.03763|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Hundred Islands National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|364.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.64581" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.64581|N|124.92034|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Lake Butig National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|68.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.73523" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.73523|N|124.28869|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Butig National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Lake Dapao National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1500.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.78782" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.78782|N|124.04743|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Dapao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Libmanan Caves National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|19.40|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1934 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.65000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.65000|N|122.80000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Libmanan Caves National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Luneta National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|58|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1955 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.58325" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.58325|N|120.97831|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Luneta National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|6.78|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1977 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.17207" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.17207|N|125.01244|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mado Hot Spring National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|48.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Syudad nin Cotabato|Cotabato]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.21667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.21667|N|124.25000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mado Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Minalungao National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2018.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1967 |[[Nueva Ecija]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.30738" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.30738|N|121.14240|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Minalungao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mount Arayat National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|3715.23|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1933 |[[Pampanga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.20373" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.20373|N|120.72925|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Arayat National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mount Dajo National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|213.35|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Sulu]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="6.01293" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|6.01293|N|121.05358|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Dajo National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mount Data National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5512.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1936 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Mountain Province]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.87804" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.87804|N|120.83841|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Data National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|75455.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Occidental Mindoro|Mindoro Occidental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="12.74340" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|12.74340|N|121.12521|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bukid Pulag|Mount Pulag National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|11550.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1987 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Ifugao]]|[[Nueva Vizcaya]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.58357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.58357|N|120.88359|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Pulag National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Naujan Lake National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|21655.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1956 |[[Oriental Mindoro|Mindoro Oriental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.17270" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.17270|N|121.34273|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Naujan Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1316.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1963 |[[Ilocos Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.48614" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.48614|N|120.45305|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|9.04|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1968 |[[Zambales]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.82685" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.82685|N|120.28599|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Pagsanjan Gorge National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|152.64|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Laguna]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.26667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.26667|N|121.48333|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pagsanjan Gorge National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Pantuwaraya Lake National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|20.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.03333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.03333|N|124.26667|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pantuwaraya Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Paoay Lake National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|340.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Ilocos Norte]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="18.12114" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|18.12114|N|120.53654|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Paoay Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#CFECEC;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Puerto Princesa Subterranean River]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22202.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1999 |[[Palawan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="10.1667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.1667|N|118.9167|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22.70|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1975 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.65110" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.65110|N|121.04928|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Quezon Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Rungkunan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.06100" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.06100|N|124.40318|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Rungkunan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Sacred Mountain National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|94.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.02120" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.02120|N|124.29633|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Sacred Mountain National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Salikata National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.87046" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.87046|N|124.35879|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Salikata National Park|format=dms}} |} [[Category:Filipinas]] 4f3bywasqfi6fi8kfyhx1ydcitd4n91 234272 234271 2022-08-26T11:29:00Z Filipinayzd 7 #WLEPH2023 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mga Pambanwang Parke kan Filipinas''' (Filipino: Pambansang Liwasan ng Pilipinas) iyo an mga lugar na natural o pangkasaysayan na halaga na pinagdesignar para sa proteksyon asin paggamit nin nasusustenir kan Departamento kan Kapalibotan asin Natural na Rekurso sa irarom kan National Integted Protegted Areas System Act (1992). Kan 2012, igwang 240 protektadong mga lugar sa Pilipinas, na kun saen 35 an klasipikadong mga Pambanwang Parke Kan Hunyo 22, 2018, an dugang pang 94 na mga kritikal na lugar inapod na pambanwang mga parke, duminakol na sa bilang na 107, kan si Presidente Rodrigo Duterte nagpirma sa E-NIPAS Act of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Expanded Nipas law creates 94 more nat’l parks across PH|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1007859/expanded-nipas-law-creates-94-more-natl-parks-across-ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=E-NIPAS law to protect 94 more critical habitats|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/09/1831853/e-nipas-law-protect-94-more-critical-habitats}}</ref> == Mga pambanwang parke == {{Color box|#CFECEC}}&nbsp;''[[Pankinában na Pamanang Lugar|Pankinaban na Pamanang Lugar]] o kabtang kan sarong Pangkinaban na Pamanang Lugar''.   {| class="wikitable sortable toptextcells" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Ngaran ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Lugar ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taon nin Pagkakamukna ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Kinamumugtakan ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:6.5em;" |Tagboan |- !Mga probinsya !Rehiyon |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Aurora Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5676.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |{{hlist|[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]|[[Nueva Ecija]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.58423" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.58423|N|121.39990|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Aurora Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Balbalasang–Balbalan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1338.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Kalinga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.45000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.45000|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bangan Hill National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|13.90|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1995 |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.48333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.48333|N|121.15000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bangan Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bataan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|23688.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1945 |[[Bataan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.60602" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.60602|N|120.50848|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bataan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Biak-na-Bato National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2117.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Bulacan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.11875" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.11875|N|121.08510|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Biak-na-Bato National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bulabog Putian National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|854.33|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1961 |[[Iloilo]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.03370" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.03370|N|122.66730|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Bulabog Putian National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Nasyonal na Parke nin Caramoan|Caramoan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|347.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.78036" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.78036|N|123.88020|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Caramoan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Cassamata Hill National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1974 |[[Abra]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.59122" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.59122|N|120.62143|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Cassamata Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |Fuyot Springs National Park | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|819.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Isabela]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.21116" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.21116|N|122.01555|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Fuyot Springs National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|57.50|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1972 |[[Cebu]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.13357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.13357|N|123.60009|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Hundred Islands National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1676.30|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1940 |[[Pangasinan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.20050" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.20050|N|120.03763|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Hundred Islands National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|364.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1937 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="10.64581" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.64581|N|124.92034|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Lake Butig National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|68.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.73523" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.73523|N|124.28869|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Butig National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Lake Dapao National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1500.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.78782" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.78782|N|124.04743|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Lake Dapao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Libmanan Caves National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|19.40|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1934 |[[Camarines Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.65000" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.65000|N|122.80000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Libmanan Caves National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Luneta National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|58|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1955 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.58325" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.58325|N|120.97831|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Luneta National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|6.78|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1977 |[[Leyte (isla)|Leyte]] |Visayas | data-sort-value="11.17207" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|11.17207|N|125.01244|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mado Hot Spring National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|48.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Syudad nin Cotabato|Cotabato]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.21667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.21667|N|124.25000|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mado Hot Spring National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Minalungao National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|2018.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1967 |[[Nueva Ecija]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.30738" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.30738|N|121.14240|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Minalungao National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mount Arayat National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|3715.23|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1933 |[[Pampanga]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="15.20373" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|15.20373|N|120.72925|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Arayat National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mount Dajo National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|213.35|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1938 |[[Sulu]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="6.01293" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|6.01293|N|121.05358|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Dajo National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mount Data National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|5512.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1936 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Mountain Province]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.87804" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.87804|N|120.83841|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Data National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|75455.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Occidental Mindoro|Mindoro Occidental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="12.74340" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|12.74340|N|121.12521|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mounts Iglit–Baco National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Bukid Pulag|Mount Pulag National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|11550.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1987 |{{hlist|[[Benguet]]|[[Ifugao]]|[[Nueva Vizcaya]]|item_style=white-space:nowrap;}} |Luzon | data-sort-value="16.58357" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|16.58357|N|120.88359|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Mount Pulag National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Naujan Lake National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|21655.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1956 |[[Oriental Mindoro|Mindoro Oriental]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="13.17270" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|13.17270|N|121.34273|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Naujan Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|1316.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1963 |[[Ilocos Sur]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="17.48614" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|17.48614|N|120.45305|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|9.04|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1968 |[[Zambales]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.82685" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.82685|N|120.28599|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Pagsanjan Gorge National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|152.64|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1939 |[[Laguna]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.26667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.26667|N|121.48333|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pagsanjan Gorge National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Pantuwaraya Lake National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|20.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.03333" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.03333|N|124.26667|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Pantuwaraya Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Paoay Lake National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|340.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1969 |[[Ilocos Norte]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="18.12114" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|18.12114|N|120.53654|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Paoay Lake National Park|format=dms}} |- style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#CFECEC;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Puerto Princesa Subterranean River]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22202.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1999 |[[Palawan]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="10.1667" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|10.1667|N|118.9167|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|22.70|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1975 |[[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] |Luzon | data-sort-value="14.65110" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|14.65110|N|121.04928|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Quezon Memorial National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Rungkunan National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.06100" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.06100|N|124.40318|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Rungkunan National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Sacred Mountain National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Convert|94.00|ha}}<br /> | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="8.02120" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|8.02120|N|124.29633|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Sacred Mountain National Park|format=dms}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" |[[Salikata National Park]] | style="text-align:right;" |{{Small|''undetermined''}} | style="text-align:center;" |1965 |[[Lanao del Sur]] |Mindanao | data-sort-value="7.87046" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |{{Coord|7.87046|N|124.35879|E|region:PH_type:landmark|name=Salikata National Park|format=dms}} |} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipinas]] gsvd6kzbvotd5i8bjxec6sq0336pqm1 0 37316 234273 2022-08-26T11:45:46Z Filipinayzd 7 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1054125568|Minalungao National Park]]" wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Minalungao National Park''' sarong pinapangatamanan na lugar sa [[Filipinas]] na namumugtak sa banwaan kan [[General Tinio]], [[Nueva Ecija]] sa [[Rehiyon Sentral na Luzon|Central Luzon]]. Sakop kan parke an 2,018 ektarya na yaon sa Peñaranda River na nahahanggan sa tig-ibong nin abot sa 16-metrong langkaw na limestone sa pamitisan kan kabubuldan nin Sierra Madre. Namukna ini kan 1967 sa rigon kan Akta Republika Num. 5100. An parke pigkokonsiderar na saro sa pira na sana sa natatadang natural na kapalibotan sa rehiyon na ini sa norte kan Manila. Pinapabantog ini kan lokal na gobyerno bilang destinasyon sa ekoturismo na nag-aalok nin magagayon na tanawon nin berdeng preskong tubig salog asin napapalaen na mga porma nin gapo.An sistema nin mga kuweba na dai pa nababantog igwa man nin potensyal na atraksyon. An mga pasilidad para sa piknik, paglangoy, pagsisira, pagbarsa asin pagtabsong gikan sa ampas iyo man an ikinakaag sa pagganyat nin mas dakol na bisita. == Reperensya == {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Nueva Ecija]] 5qp4kn3i9e111krchb4kf7zia24nvzp 234274 234273 2022-08-26T11:50:38Z Filipinayzd 7 #WLEPH2022 #WPWPPH #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[File%3AMinalungao_Protected_National_Park.jpg|thumb|too|Minalungao National Park ]] An '''Minalungao National Park''' sarong pinapangatamanan na lugar sa [[Filipinas]] na namumugtak sa banwaan kan [[General Tinio]], [[Nueva Ecija]] sa [[Rehiyon Sentral na Luzon|Central Luzon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indinewz.com/top-5-places-to-visit-in-nueva-ecija/|title=Top 5 Places to Visit in Nueva Ecija|date=2019-09-05|website=Indi Newz|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref> Sakop kan parke an 2,018 ektarya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63:region-3&catid=69:regions |title=Region 3 - Protected Areas |publisher=[[Department of Environment and Natural Resources|Department of Environment of Natural Resources]] Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau |access-date=15 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103448/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63%3Aregion-3&catid=69%3Aregions |archivedate=21 March 2012 |df= }}</ref> na yaon sa Peñaranda River na nahahanggan sa tig-ibong nin abot sa 16-metrong langkaw na limestone sa pamitisan kan kabubuldan nin Sierra Madre. Namukna ini kan 1967 sa rigon kan Akta Republika Num. 5100.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/ra5100-establishing-minalungao-national-park.html |title=R.A. No. 5100 |publisher=PhilippineLaw.info |access-date=15 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531231028/http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/ra5100-establishing-minalungao-national-park.html |archive-date=31 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An parke pigkokonsiderar na saro sa pira na sana sa natatadang natural na kapalibotan sa rehiyon na ini sa norte kan Manila. Pinapabantog ini kan lokal na gobyerno bilang destinasyon sa ekoturismo na nag-aalok nin magagayon na tanawon nin berdeng preskong tubig salog asin napapalaen na mga porma nin gapo. An sistema nin mga kuweba na dai pa nababantog igwa man nin potensyal na atraksyon. An mga pasilidad para sa piknik, paglangoy, pagsisira, pagbarsa asin pagtabsong gikan sa ampas iyo man an ikinakaag sa pagganyat nin mas dakol na bisita..<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.generaltinio.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14:tourism&catid=7:permanent-content&Itemid=20 |title=The Minalungao National Park |publisher=Municipal Government of General Tinio |access-date=15 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://biyahero.net/index.php?option=com_sobi2&sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=25&sobi2Id=492&Itemid=56 |title=Towns and Cities - Gen. Tinio |publisher=Biyahero.net |access-date=15 June 2012}}</ref> == Reperensya == {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Nueva Ecija]] 637m2r6o2vc76y1toekksssr8n23v1f 14 37317 234275 2022-08-26T11:51:07Z Filipinayzd 7 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "[[Category:Filipinas]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Filipinas]] egg9ox9hvjijda3iubrysxhiigvye5l