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Syudad nin Legazpi
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{{Infobox lokasyon}}
An '''Syudad nin Legazpi''' ([[Tagalog]]: ''Lungsod ng Legazpi''; [[Ingles]]: ''City of Legazpi'') sarong primera klaseng [[:Category:Mga ciudad kan Filipinas|syudad]] asin an kapitolyo kan [[Provincia kan Filipinas|Probinsya]] kan [[Albay]] sagkod an rehiyonal na sentro kan [[Rehiyon Bikol]]. An designadong zip code kan syudad iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}.
Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. Igwa man ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. Huli kaiyan ini an pinakamatawong ciudad sa enterong rehiyon asin an rehiyonal na sentro. Namomogtak an ciudad sa [[isla]] nin [[Luzon]].
Huli ta nasa sentro man kan geograpikal na sentro kan rawis asin yaon sa tahaw kan duwang isla-provincia nin [[Catanduanes]] sagkod [[Masbate]], an Cuidad kan Legazpi an pinaka-durhong asin huring terminal nin [[Philippine National Railways]] (PNR) sa katimogan.
An syudad iyo an tukawang esklesyastiko nin Diocese kan Legazpi asin harus gabos kan mga naka-istar sa cuidad iyo Romano Katoliko.
==Mga Barangay==
An Legazpi nababanga sa 70 na mga barangay.
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
* Arimbay
* Bagacay
* Bagong Abre
* Banquerohan
* Em's Barrio
* Maoyod Pob.
* Tula-tula
* Ilawod West
* Ilawod
* Ilawod East
* Kawit-East Washingt
* Rizal Sreet.
* Cabagñan
* Em's Barrio South
* Cabagñan West
* Binanuahan West
* Binanuahan East
* Imperial Court Subd
* Cabagñan East
* Lapu-lapu
* Dinagaan
* Victory Village South
* Victory Village North
* Sabang
* Em's Barrio East
* Kapantawan
* Pigcale
* Centro-Baybay
* PNR-Peñaranda St.-I
* Oro Site-Magallanes
* Tinago
* Bitano
* Bonot
* Sagpon Pob.
* Sagmin Pob.
* Bañadero Pob.
* Baño
* Bagumbayan
* Pinaric
* Bariis
* Bigaa
* Bogtong
* Bonga
* Buenavista
* Buyuan
* Cagbacong
* Cruzada
* Dap-dap
* Dita
* Estanza
* Gogon
* Homapon
* Imalnod
* Mabinit
* Mariawa
* Maslog
* Padang
* Pawa
* Puro
* Rawis
* San Francisco
* San Joaquin
* San Roque
* Tamaoyan
* Taysan
* Matanag
* Cabugao
* Rizal Street
* Buragwis
* Lamba
}}
== Demograpiko ==
{{Populasyon}}
== Uusipon ==
An pig-aapod ngunyan na Siyudad kan Legazpi iyo hale sa pangaran ni [[Miguel López de Legazpi]], an Kastilang konkistador na nagsakop kan mga Isla nin Pilipinas kan 1565. An pamilya niya iyo hale sa Legazpi, España na sarong banwaan sa Guipuzcoa, España.
An Legazpiiyo itinpgda kan mga kinatong nag-iistar kan dating barangay nin Sawangan sa daga ni Gat Ibal, sarong pamayo na namamahala kan Albay. An mga tawo iyo naka-istar sa mga kubong gibo ki nipa asin rattan. Naka-istar sinda sa hababaw asin matubig na daga sa apod na Banuang-Banuang o Binanuahan, na an boot sabihon iyo ''dating barrio o an daga kun saen nakatindog an sarong banwaan''. Kan taong 1587, pigpoonan kan mga prayleng Pransiskano nin Doktrina kan Cagsawa na bunyagan an mga naka-istar digdi para maging mga Kristiyano. Kan taong 1616, ginibong ninda ining banwaan asin paruko na inapod na ''Albay''. An enot na kura paruko iyo napagibo ki sadit na kapilya asin itinindog an ''"Mission de San Gregorio Magno de Sawangan"''.
Kan ika-1 Pebrero 1814, nagsabog an Bulkang Mayon na nagwalat ki dakulang pagkaraot sa lampas 200 taong pag-uswag. Huli kaini, napiritan an mga naka-istar na magbulod sa Taysan (bisto kaidto na ''"Makalaya"''). An mga tawo iyo permanente nang nag-istar sa ''"Taytay"'' (sa ngunyan : ''Bagumbayan'') huli ta sa batas na hale sa Gobierno Superior na pinaluwas kan Oktubre 1, 1829, na pigbabawal an pagtindog ki bagong banwaan. Kan taong 1818, an pig-aapod na ''"Sawangan"'', na bisto na kaidtong ''"Banwaan kan Albay"'' iyo pigsuway sa Cagsawa asin piggibo na kapitolyo kan ''"Partido de Ibalon"'' (an dating pangaran nin [[Albay|Provincia kan Albay]]).
== Klima ==
Temperatura (grado C):
Enero: 28.6 - 22.4
Febrero: 29.2 - 22.3
Marso: 30.1 - 22.9
Abril: 31.3 - 23.7
Mayo: 32.4 - 24.3
Hunyo: 32.3 - 24.1
Hulyo: 31.8 - 23.8
Agosto: 31.7 - 23.9
Septyembre: 31.6 - 23.7
Oktubre: 31.2 - 23.3
Nobyembre: 30.2 - 23.4
Disyembre: 29.1 - 23.0
Medyo sa Taon: 30.79 - 23.40
== Transporte ==
An [[Palayogan kan Legazpi]] iyo mga 2,280 metrong kahalaba. Kaya kaining magpahugpa' nin mga dakolang eroplanong panginternasyonal. An [[Philippine Airlines]] asin [[Cebu Pacific]] iyo naglalayog na duwang beses aru-aldaw hale sa [[Manila]] asin [[Cebu (ciudad)]]. Naaprobar na an paggibo nin bagong [[Pankinàban na Palayogan kan Bikol]] na gigibuhon sa magkatakod na banwaan nin [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]].
An pagbiyahe sa bus halè sa Manila pagduman sa Legazpi mga 10 o 11 na oras. Sobra pa sa 10 na kompanya nin bus an nagbibiyahe sa Legazpi.
== Negosyo ==
An pinakaenot na mall sa Kabikolan an Pacific Mall sa Legazpi na nasa sentro kan Landco Business Park. Sa taon na 2008 may gigibuhon na bagong parke nin negosyo na papangaranan nin [[Embarcadero]]. Ini ibubugtak sa [[Legazpi Port Area]], harani sa dating pier. Yaon man digdi an [[SM City Legazpi]] Robinsons Legazpi asin [[Ayala Malls Legazpi]].
== Mga istasyon nin telebisyon ==
*DWOV-TV Channel 4, ALL TV (Advanced Media Broadcasting System)
*DWLA-TV Channel 12, (GMA Network)
== Mga istasyon nin radyo ==
=== Mga istasyon nin AM ===
*Radyo Pilipinas Legazpi 621 (DWJS; Presidential Broadcast Services)
*DWGW 684 Legazpi ([[DWGW-AM]]; Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation)
*DZGB Radyo Pantig 729 ([[DZGB]]; PBN Broadcasting Network)
*Zoom Radio 828 ([[DWZR]]; Hypersonic Broadcasting Center)
*Bombo Radyo Legazpi 927 ([[DZLG]]; Newsounds Broadcasting Network)
*Veritas 1008 (DWBS-AM; Diocese of Legazpi)
*Radyo Pilipino Legazpi 1080 ([[DWRL]]; Radio Audience Developers Integrated Origanization (RADIO), Inc.
*1125 DWDT Legazpi ([[DWDT-AM]]; Far East Broadcasting Company Philippines)
*Margo Radio Legazpi 1305 (DWIK; Infinity Media Broadcasting Company, Inc./Chingaba Community Broadcasting System)
*DZJB 1440 ([[DZJB]]; Bicol Broadcasting System/Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.)
*RadyoTV Legazpi Radyo Kakamping ME Radio TV DWOV 1557 (DWOV-AM (DWCT-AM; Capitol Broadcasting Center/JI Broadcast Productions, Inc. under Jon Isidro) (Planned)
=== Mga istasyon nin FM ===
*88.7 One FM ([[DWGO-FM]]; Radio Corporation of the Philippines)
*89.1 Radyo Dakilang ([[DWMV]]; Apollo Broadcast Investors/Hope in Christ Southern Baptist Church)
*89.9 iFM ([[DWOI]]; Radio Mindanao Network)
*90.7 Radyo Oragon ([[DWII]]; Mid-Tone Broadcasting Network)
*91.5 Brigada News FM ([[DWED]]; Brigada Mass Media Corporation)
*Radyo Doktor 93.9 ([[DWRD-FM]]; Advanced Media Broadcasting System)
*DWMR 97.9 ([[DWMR-FM]]; Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./John Mont Pharmaceutical Products Distribution)
*98.7 Eagle FM Legazpi (DWJT; [[Peñafrancia Broadcasting Corporation]])
*100.3 iTV Radio (DWHI; Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Alejandro Broadcasting Network)
*101.1 Easy Rock (DWEH-FM; Philippine Broadcasting Corporation)
*101.9 Radyo Disiotso (DWKP; DCG Radio-TV Network)
*105.9 Radyo Saksi ([[DZCA-FM]]; Computer Arts and Technological College/CCB Broadcasting Corporation)
*DWIV 106.7 ([[DWIV-FM]]; [[Audiovisual Communicators]]/Alejandro Broadcasting Network)
== Kataytayan nin mga ladawan ==
<gallery>
Ladawan:LegazpiPhotowalk 28.JPG|An kapitolyo kan Legazpi
Ladawan:LegazpiPhotowalk 09.JPG|Divine World College kan Legazpi
Ladawan:LegazpiPhotowalk 03.JPG|Albay Astrodome
Ladawan:DSC01118Legazpi sa Lignon Hill.JPG|Tanawon kan Legazpi sa Burol nin Ligñon
Ladawan:Church of St. Gregory 002, Legazpi.jpg|Katedral ni San Gregorio I Magno
Ladawan:St. Agnes Academy, Legazpi 001.jpg|St. Agnes Academy
Ladawan:LegazpiPhotowalk 07.JPG|Aeropuerto kan Legazpi
Ladawan:View of Mt. Mayon and Legazpi City downtown from SM Legazpi.jpg|Tanawon kan syudad kaiba an Bulkang Mayon asin an Burol nin Ligñon
Ladawan:Bulkang Mayon 03.jpg|Bulkang Mayon na mahihiling gikan sa Legazpi
Ladawan:Legaspi Port, Legazpi, Philippines.jpg|Port
</gallery>
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System]
* [http://www.buhigh2007.com Bicol University High School Batch 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215001245/http://www.buhigh2007.com/ |date=2007-12-15 }}
* [http://www.misibis.com Misibis Resorts, Estates & Spa]
* [http://www.dphotography.org Pictures of Legazpi City] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419191626/http://dphotography.org/ |date=2018-04-19 }}
* [http://www.bicol-u.edu.ph/ Bicol University]
* [http://www.aq.edu.ph/ Aquinas University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311112624/http://www.aq.edu.ph/ |date=2020-03-11 }}
* [http://www.dwc-legazpi.edu/ Divine Word College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205083836/http://www.dwc-legazpi.edu/ |date=2007-02-05 }}
* [http://www.abectaph.com/new_abecta/ Abecta Philippines-Legazpi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504192515/http://abectaph.com/new_abecta/ |date=2010-05-04 }}
{{saringsing}}
{{Navbox Albay}}
[[Kategorya:Mga syudad kan Filipinas]]
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Plantilya:Country data Suesya
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| flag alias = Flag of Sweden.svg
| flag alias-1562 = Flag of Sweden (1562–1650).svg
| flag alias-1844 = Swedish norwegian union flag.svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of Sweden.svg
| link alias-naval = Swedish Navy
| link alias-ice hockey = Sweden national {{{mw|men's}}} ice hockey team
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Plantilya:Country data Espanya
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| alias = Espanya
| flag alias = Flag of Spain.svg
| flag alias-1506 = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
| flag alias-1701 = Bandera de España 1701-1748.svg
| flag alias-1748 = Bandera de España 1748-1785.svg
| flag alias-1785 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
| flag alias-1873 = Flag of Spain (1873–1874).svg
| flag alias-1931 = Flag of the Second Spanish Republic.svg
| flag alias-1939 = Flag of Spain (1938 - 1945).svg
| flag alias-1945 = Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg
| flag alias-1977 = Flag of Spain (1977 - 1981).svg
| flag alias-civil = Flag of Spain (Civil).svg
| link alias-naval = Spanish Navy
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| var1 = 1506
| var2 = 1701
| var3 = 1748
| var4 = 1785
| var5 = 1873
| var6 = 1931
| var7 = 1939
| var8 = 1945
| var9 = 1977
| var10 = civil
| redir1 = ESP
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Kabo nin Berde
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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Cabo Verde
| native_name = {{native name|pt|República de Cabo Verde}}
| common_name = Cape Verde <!-- This field is not visible to the reader, it provides codes for page links. It should not be changed to Cabo Verde unless the actual pages are moved. -->
| image_flag = Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Cape Verde (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Cape Verde AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default= 1}}
| map_caption =
| national_motto = {{vunblist|{{native phrase|pt|Unidade, Trabalho, Progresso|italics= on|nolink= off}} |({{langx|en|"Unity, Work, Progress"}})}}
| national_anthem = {{native name|pt|[[Cântico da Liberdade]]|nolink= yes}}<br />({{Langx|en|"Chant of Freedom"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:Cântico da Liberdade (instrumental).ogg]]</div>
| official_languages = [[Cape Verdean Portuguese|Portuguese]]<ref name=":0" />
| national_languages = [[Cape Verdean Creole]]<ref name=":0" />
| capital = [[Praia]]
| coordinates = {{coord|14|54|59|N|23|30|34|W|display=inline}}
| largest_city = capital
| demonym = [[Cape Verdeans|Cape Verdean]] or Cabo Verdean<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/07/228873.htm |title=On the Occasion of the Republic of Cabo Verde's National Day |author=John Kerry |author-link=John Kerry |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=8 July 2014 |access-date=11 July 2014 |quote=On behalf of President Obama and the people of the [[United States]], I send best wishes to Cabo Verdeans as you celebrate 39 years of independence on July 5. |archive-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121035312/https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/07/228873.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
| government_type = Unitary [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic]]<ref name="SpL">{{cite SSRN |last1=Amorim Neto |first1=Octávio |last2=Costa Lobo |first2=Marina |year=2010 |ssrn=1644026 |title=Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[President of Cape Verde|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[José Maria Neves]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cape Verde|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Ulisses Correia e Silva]]
| legislature = [[National Assembly (Cape Verde)|National Assembly]]
| area_rank = 166th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_km2 = 4,033
| area_sq_mi = 1,557 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| percent_water = negligible
| population_census = 593,149<ref name="totpop">{{cite web |title=Population, total - Cabo Verde |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CV |website=World Bank |access-date=17 November 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924070759/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CV |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_census_rank = 172nd <!-- UN WPP -->
| population_census_year = 2022
| population_density_km2 = 147.1
| population_density_sq_mi = 381.0 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| population_density_rank = 89th
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $5.717 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.CV">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=624,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Cape Verde) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2023
| GDP_PPP_rank = 170th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $9,909<ref name="IMFWEO.CV" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 125th
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $2.598 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.CV" />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2023
| GDP_nominal_rank = 181st
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4,502<ref name="IMFWEO.CV" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 117th
| sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from [[Portugal]]}}
| established_event1 = Granted
| established_date1 = 5 July 1975
| Gini_year = 2015
| Gini_change = decrease<!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| Gini = 42.4
| Gini_ref = <ref name="gini-index">{{cite web |title=GINI index |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220051710/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year -->
| HDI_change = increase<!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| HDI = 0.661<!-- number only -->
| HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 131st
| currency = [[Cape Verdean escudo]]
| currency_code = CVE
| time_zone = [[Cape Verde Time|CVT]]
| utc_offset = –01:00
| cctld = [[.cv]]
| date_format = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on = right
| religion = {{ublist
|item_style=white-space;
|{{Tree list}}
* 81.7% [[Christianity]]
** 72.5% [[Catholicism]]
** 9.2% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|15.6% [[Irreligion|no religion]]
|1.3% [[Islam]]
|1.2% others<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ine.cv/noticias/ine-apresenta-os-resultados-definitivos-do-v-recenseamento-geral-da-populacao-habitacao-rgph-2021/ |title=INE APRESENTA OS RESULTADOS DEFINITIVOS DO V RECENSEAMENTO GERAL DA POPULAÇÃO E HABITAÇÃO (RGPH-2021) |website=Instituto Nacional de Estatística - INE |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref>}}
| religion_year = 2021
| religion_ref =
| today =
}}
An '''Kabo nin Berde''' o (sa Ingles, '''Cape Verde'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-Cape Verde.ogg|ˈ|v|ɜːr|d|(|i|)}}, {{respell|VURD(|ee)}}}} o '''Cabo Verde''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-Cabo Verde-pronunciation.ogg|ˌ|k|ɑː|b|oʊ|_|ˈ|v|ɜːr|d|eɪ}} {{respell|KAH|boh|_|VUR|day}}, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|æ|b|oʊ|_|-}} {{respell|KAB|oh|_-}}, {{IPA|pt|ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ|label=local}}}} na opisyalmente inaapod na '''Republika nin Cabo Verde''',{{efn|{{langx|pt|República de Cabo Verde}}}} sarong [[islang nasyon]] asin [[arkipelagong estado]] nin [[West Africa]] sa katahawan niin [[Dagat Atlantiko]], na binibilog nin sampolong [[islang bulkaniko]] na sa kabiyoan may dagang kahiwasan na mga {{convert|4033|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="NameNatGeo">{{cite magazine |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/ |title=Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change |author=Tanya Basu |magazine=National Geographic |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=12 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213044150/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/ |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An mga kapuruan na ini yaon namumugtak ultan {{convert|600|and|850|km|nmi|abbr=off}} solnopan kan [[Cap-Vert]], na iyo an pinakaporong solnopan kan Aprika kontinental. An [[Lista nin mga isla sa Cape Verde|mga isla nin Cape Verde]] iyo an kabilogan kan [[Macaronesia]] [[ecoregion]], kairiba an [[Azores]], an [[Canary Islands]], [[Madeira]] asin an [[Savage Isles]].
An arkipelagong Cape Verde dai binanwa nin tawo hanggan ika-5ng siglo, kun kasuarin an mga [[Imperyong Portuguese|eksplorador na mgsa Portugues]] pigkolonya man mga isla, asin pinakenot na nagtugdas kan mga [[Anoy nin Pagdiskubre|Europeong binabanwa]] sa [[tropiko]]. Huli kan marayrahay pakamugtak, an Cape Verde nagin importanteng pagkasarapongan sa [[Atlantic slave trade|translantikong negosyo nin mga oripon]] durante kan ika-16 asin ika-17 mga siglo. An mga isla nag'agi sa marikas na pagtalubo ekonomiko kan mmga panahon na ini, sa pagbutwa igdi kan mga komersyante, mga pirata asin mga parabaro-baro. Ini nagru'ru' sa ika-19ng siglo, asin dakul kan mga habitante naghurubo' kun saen-saen. Alagad, an Cape Verde luwayluway nakabalukad sa ekonomiya ta nagin importanteng pagsurumpongan kan mga ruta kan mga bapor sa merkansya. An Cape Verde nagin talingkas na nasyon kan 1975.
==Toltolan==
{{Stub}}
[[Kategorya:Mga nasyon sa Aprika]]
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Audrey Hepburn
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{{Infobox person
| name = Audrey Hepburn
| image = Audrey Hepburn 1956.jpg
| caption = Hepburn in 1956
| birth_name = Audrey Kathleen Ruston
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1929|5|4}}
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Ixelles]], [[Brussels]], Belgium}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age |df=yes|1993|1|20|1929|5|4}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Tolochenaz]], [[Vaud]], Switzerland}}
| resting_place = Tolochenaz Cemetery, Tolochenaz, Vaud
| occupation = {{ubl
|Aktres (1948–1989)
|Humanitaryo (1988–1992)
}}
| nationality = Briton <!-- British per passport. -->
| other_names = <!--Do not add other names. It is WP:UNDUE and against Template:Infobox person. -->
| parents = {{ubl
|[[Baroness Ella van Heemstra]]
|Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston
}}
| spouse = {{ubl
|{{marriage |[[Mel Ferrer]]|1954|1968|end=div}}
|{{marriage |[[Andrea Dotti (psychiatrist)|Andrea Dotti]]|1969|1982| end=div}}
}}
| partner = [[Robert Wolders]]<br />(1980–1993; sa pagkagadan nya)
| children = 2
| relatives = {{ubl
|[[Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra]]<br />(lolo sa ina)
|[[Emma Ferrer]]<br />(makuapong babae)
}}
| signature = Audrey Hepburn signature.svg
}}
[[File:Hepburn-Perkins-1959.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Si Hepburn saka si Anthony Perkins sa pelikulang Green Mansions (1959)]]
[[File:Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute Objectnumber 60038552 Een gezelschap met gouverneur Van Hee.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Lolo ni Hepburn, Aarnoud van Heemstra, gobernador kan kolonyang Suriname]]
[[File:Grave of Audrey Hepburn, Tolochenaz, Switzerland - 20080711.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Lulubngan ni Hepburn sa Tolochenaz, Switzerland]]
[[File:Museo ferragamo, modello in legno per calzature su misura di audrey hepburn.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Kahoy na hormahan kan bitis ni Hepburn sa Salvatore Ferragamo Museum]]
Si '''Audrey Hepburn''' (nmndg: Audrey Kathleen Ruston; [[Mayo 4]], [[1929]] - [[Enero 20]], [[1993]]) sarong aktress na Briton-Belga, sarong humanitaryo, modelo y parabayle. Siya nagawadan kan Oscar saka premyo Tony.<ref>[https://audreyhepburn.fandom.com/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn]audreyhepburn.fandom.com. Kinua 2019-03-28</ref>
Namundag sa Ixelles, Belgium, si Hepburn sa saiyang pagkaaki haros nag'estar sa [[Nederland]] asin sa Arnhem, Nederland na okupado kan mga tropang Aleman kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]. Duman sa Arnheim nag'adal siyang ballet dangan kan 1948 nagdakit sa [[London]] kun saen siya nagpadagos pag'adal ballet manta na nagin siyang modelo kan sarong retratista.
[[File:Audrey Hepburn screentest in Roman Holiday trailer.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Screentest ni Hepburn sa "Roman Holiday" (1953)]]
[[File:Holden-Hepburn-Sabrina.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Si Hepburn asin William Holden sa ''Sabrina'' (1954)]]
[[File:Audrey Hepburn Mel Ferrer Mayerling 1957.jpg|thumb|upright|Katampad si [[Mel Ferrer]] sa ''Mayerling'' (1957)]]
[[File:Childrens Hour trailer.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Si Shirley MacLaine saka Hepburn sa trailer para sa The Children's Hour (1961)]]
[[File:Audrey Hepburn and Cary Grant 1.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Si Hepburn asin Cary Grant sa ''Charade'' (1963)]]
[[File:President Ronald Reagan Talking with Audrey Hepburn and Robert Wolders at a Private Dinner for The Prince of Wales in The White House Residence - DPLA - 2593bf932980ec2d489b27635a1e2d0b.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Si Pres. Reagan asin Audrey Hepburn nag'uulay (1981)]]
Pakatapos pagpapel niya sa magkapirang perlikulang europeo, asin paghimo niya sa sarong papel sa dramang Broadway na ''Gigi'', siya nagpapel kan bida sa Roman Holiday (1953) asin ngapit ngane nagin na siyang saro sa pinakalataw na aktress sa kinaban. Dangan kan siya nagpapel sa Sabrina (1954), The Nun's Story (1959), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Charade (1963) asin My Fair Lady (1964), naghakot siya nin mga nominasyon para sa, asin guminana, kan Academy Awards, sa Golden Globes asin BAFTAS asin, siring man, kan Tony Award huli sa performance niya sa 1954 na dulang Ondine. Masabi pa, si Hepburn saro sa dikit sanang mga entertainer na naripol makamit an Oscar, Emmy, Grammy asin Tony Awards. Sa totoo ngani, kan 1959 an American Film Institute isina'ngat siya sa pwesto bilang saro sa "five greatest female stars" sa sineng amerika.
Si Hepburn nagluwas na sa mas didikit nang pelikula kan mga huring taon ta saiya nang pigsisibotan an mga aktibidad sa [[UNICEF]]. Siya nag'ambag nin husto sa organisasyon na ini poon pa kan 1954. Dangan siya nagtrabaho sa mga pinakadukha na mga komunidad sa Aprika, Sud Amerika, asin Asya sa pag'ultan kan mga taon 1988 asin 1992. Nagawadan siya kan [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] sa pagmidbid kan saiyang trabaho bilang [[List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors|UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador]] kan Desyembre 1992. Pakalihis sambulan kaini si Hepburn nagadan huli sa [[Appendix cancer|appendiceal cancer]] sa saiyang harong sa [[Switzerland]] sa edad na 63.<ref>[http://www.ahepburn.com/]www.ahepburn.com/ Kinua 2019-03-28</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/people/people_audrey_hepburn.html]www.unicef.org. Kinua 2019-03-28</ref>
== Karera sa Entertainment ==
=== Pag'adal Ballet asin amay na mga papel sa akting (1945–1952) ===
Kan matapos an 1945, si Hepburn saka ina niya mga tugang naghubo' sa [[Amsterdam]], kun saen nagtraining siya sa ballet ki [[Sonia Gaskell]], sarong nangengenot na pigura sa ballet'ng Olandes, asin ki [[Olga Tarasova]], saro man na Rusong paratukdo.{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=52–53}}
Ta natunaw an yaman kan pamilya durante kan gera, si Ella pigsuportahan sinda bilang paraluto asin para'asikasong-harong para sa sarong mayaman na pamilya.{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=53}} Si Hepburn nagdebut sa pelikula kan 1948, na kinawat niya komo sterwardess na Olandes sa ''[[Dutch in Seven Lessons]]'', sarong pelikulang pang-edukasyon asin pangbiyahe ginibo ni Charles van der Linden asin Henry Josephson.{{Sfn|Vermilye|1995|p=67}}
Dangan sa taon na idto si Hepburn nagduman sa [[London]] sa pagkua nin scholarship sa ballet sa [[Rambert Dance Company|Ballet Rambert]], na kan enot nakabase sa [[Notting Hill]]. Itinangro' na saiya an scholarship kaidto pang 1945 kaya lang nagsayuma siya ta may problema sa status niya sa saiyang nasyunalidad.{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=52}}}} Sinuportahan niya sadiri niya mantang nag'aadal paagi nin pagmodel asin hinale niya an "Ruston" sa saiyang apelyido. Kan sinabihan siya ni Rambert na apesar kan saiyang talento, an saiyang pagkahababa asin gamay na hawak iyo an maulang saiya na magin siyang [[prima ballerina]], naisip niya logod na magkonsentrar na lang sa akting.<ref>Telegraph, 4 May 2014, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3592252/I-suppose-I-ended-Hepburns-career.html 'I suppose I ended Hepburn's career']</ref><ref>{{cite episode |series=Larry King Live |title=Audrey Hepburn's Son Remembers Her Life |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0312/24/lkl.00.html |airdate=24 December 2003 |network=CNN}}</ref><ref name=time>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,818831,00.html |title=Princess Apparent |work=Time |date=7 September 1953 |accessdate=27 March 2019 |archivedate=30 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530022059/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,818831,00.html }}</ref>
Manta na si Ella nagsisibot sa mga hababang trabaho masuportaran sana sinda, si Hepburn nagpapel komo chorus girl<ref>Nichols, Mark [https://web.archive.org/web/20070704193549/http://www.audreyhepburnlibrary.com/50s/images/coronet11-56pg1.jpg Audrey Hepburn Goes Back to the Bar], ''[[Coronet]]'', November 1956</ref> sa [[West End theatre|West End]], sa teatro musikal revue na ''[[High Button Shoes]]'' (1948) sa [[Hippodrome, London|London Hippodrome]], asin sa ki Cecil Landeau na ''Sauce Tartare'' (1949), ''Sauce Piquante'' (1950) sa [[Cambridge Theatre]]. Durante kan trabaho niya sa teatro, nagkua siyang mga leksyon sa elocution sa aktor na si [[Felix Aylmer]] ngane mapagayon an saiyang pagboses.{{sfn|Walker|1997|p=55}}
Kan nahiling siya kan sarong casting director manta na yaon siya sa pag'akting sa ''Sauce Piquante'', si Hepburn inulayan na magin sarong bulan-bulan na aktres sa [[Associated British Picture Corporation]]. Siya nagluwas sa BBC Teleplay ''The Silent Village'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b76bc5d5a|title=The Silent Village (1951)|work=BFI|access-date=4 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> asin sa mga menor na papel sa mga 1951 na pelikulang ''[[One Wild Oat]]'', ''[[Laughter in Paradise]]'', ''[[Young Wives' Tale]]'', asin sa ''[[The Lavender Hill Mob]]''. Kan 1953 siya ikinasa sa pinakaenot niyang mayor na supporting role sa ki [[Thorold Dickinson]] na mga pasale, an ''[[Secret People (film)|The Secret People]]'' (1952), bilang sarong talentadong ballerina, na pinahiling niyaman an saiyang husay sa paggibo kan mga sunod -sunod na pagbabayle tama sa programa.{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=94}}
Si Hepburn dangan natangroan nin sadit na papel sa pelikulang pigpipitik sa Ingles asin Pranses, ''[[Monte Carlo Baby]]'' (French: ''Nous Irons à Monte Carlo'', 1952), na ginibo sa [[Monte Carlo]]. Natongod man si nobelistang Pranses na si [[Colette]] yaon sa Hôtel de Paris sa Monte Carlo durante kan pagpepelikula, asin naisipan na ikasa si Hepburn sa papel titulado kan [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] drama na ''[[Gigi (play)|Gigi]]''.{{sfn|Thurman|1999|p=483}} Si Hepburn naghimong mag-rehearsals palibhasa dai pa man lamang nagtaram sa entablado, asin nangaipong tukdoan personal igdi.<ref name=broadwaygigi>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadway.com/buzz/180286/history-lesson-learn-how-colette-audrey-hepburn-leslie-caron-vanessa-hudgens-transformed-gigi/ |title=History Lesson! Learn How Colette, Audrey Hepburn, Leslie Caron & Vanessa Hudgens Transformed Gigi |work=Broadway.com |accessdate=17 September 2015}}</ref> Kan an ''Gigi'' magbiklad sa [[Fulton Theatre]] kan 24 Nobyembre 1951, naumaw na gayo siya kan saiyang performance, maski totoo may mga tuyaw na an bersyon sa entablado mas maluya sa kalidad kumpara sa pelikulang adaptasyon sa Pranses.<ref name=lifegigi>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA103 |title=Audrey Is a Hit |work=Life |date=10 December 1951 |accessdate=22 April 2016}}</ref>An ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' nagsabing marayrahay saiyang pasale,<ref name=lifegigi/> manta an ''[[The New York Times]]'' nagmasid na an "saiyang kalibre nakakaganyat na gayo asin tama lang na siya nagdarang eksito kan bangging idto".<ref name=broadwaygigi /> Nagresibe man siya nin [[Theatre World Award]] sa pagpapel niya igdi.<ref name=gigi /> An drama naglawig nin 219'ng episodyo, na nagsara kan 31 Mayo 1952,<ref name="gigi">{{ibdb title|id=1977|title=Gigi}}</ref> bago ini ipinagbyahe sa tour kan 13 Oktobre 1952 sa [[Pittsburgh]], binisita an [[Cleveland]], Chicago, Detroit, Washington D.C., asin Los Angeles bago nagsara kan 16 Mayo 1953 sa San Francisco.{{Sfn|Paris|2001}}
== Mga humanitaryong kasibotan==
Sa mga huring aldaw kan saiyang karera, si Hepburn nagsibot sa paglibot sa mga sobrang tios na mga nasyon. Mala ta siya natokang "Goodwill Ambassador of UNICEF" asin nagduman sa [[Mek'ele]] kan [[Etopya]] kan 1988 kun saen natabangan niyang mapadarhan nin pagkakan an 500 na mga kaakian yaon sa peligrong magadan sa gutom. Sa [[Turkey]] nagduman man siya kan Agosto 1988 asin duman an programa nin "immunization" asin pagkaag nin water system napangyari. Siring man kan Oktobre 1988 binista niya an Sud Amerika kun saen sa [[Venezuela]] asin [[Ecuador]] nahimong matogdas an tamang mga water system sa mga lugar na maipo an malinig na tubig. Nakipagsumpongan man siya sa mga lideres kan [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]] asin [[Guatemala]] sa Central America sa pagdara kan mga programa kan UNICEF. Taon 1989, Abril kaidto, sinongko niya an Sudan sa pagbungsod kan "Operation Lifeline" sa tahaw nin gera sibil. Kan Oktobre 1990 binisita niya an [[Biyetnam]] sa pasgpasunod kan programang "immunization" asin pagkaag nin toltol na water system. Alagad, an grabeng kagutoman na namalas niya iyo an sa [[Somalia]] na nagtanyog na gayo saiya kan siya nagduman kan Septyembre 1992, apat na bulan bago siya naotsan buhay dara kan minamate niyang kahelangan na "appendiceal cancer". Sabi niya, haros maski saen makukua an mga lubongan dawa saen na sana, sa gilid gilid, sa dalan, sa pampang salog asin haros mayo nang mapaglubongan kan mga bangkay.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14785304</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://supercraycray.com/know-audrey-hepburn-humanitarian-deserves-lot-credit/ |access-date=2015-01-21 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206060651/http://supercraycray.com/know-audrey-hepburn-humanitarian-deserves-lot-credit/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== Pamana ==
An pamanang kultura ni Audrey Hepburn nagdadanay maski gadan na siya. An [[American Film Institute]] pigsambit na si Hepburn ikatolo sa mga sinasabing [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars|Greatest Female Stars of All Time]]. Siya sa magkapira sanang mga entertainer na nasikwit maubos an premyo [[List of persons who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards|Academy, Emmy, Grammy asin Tony Awards]]. Ginana niya an tolong [[BAFTA Award]] para sa [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role#Superlatives|Best British Actress in a Leading Role]] na bihira mangyari.. Sa mga ultimong taon niya, siya nagdanay na makusog na presensya sa kinaban nin pelikula. Nawarasan siya nin pag'onra hale sa [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]] kan 1991 asin parating taga-duhol sa mga paggagawad nin Academy Awards. Naresibi niya [[BAFTA]] Lifetime Achievement Award kan 1992. Siya resipyente nin mga gawad postuma kabali na diyan an 1993 [[Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award]] asin an piggaganahan na Grammy saka Emmy Awards. Si Hepburn laman nin dakal nang mga sinurat na biograpiya poon kan siya nagtalikod na sa buhay, saro na diyan an 2000 na pagdrama kan buhay niya titulado ''[[The Audrey Hepburn Story]]'' na an nagbida iyo si [[Jennifer Love Hewitt]] asin [[Emmy Rossum]] bilang iyo an gurang asin hubin pang Hepburn.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tynan |first=William |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,996489,00.html |title=The Audrey Hepburn Story |work=TIME |date=27 March 2000 |accessdate=10 March 2010 |archivedate=13 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813232446/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,996489,00.html }}</ref> Kan Enero 2009, si Hepburn nakaiba sa lista kan ''[[The Times]]''' komo saro sa nangengenot na 10 aktres na Briton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |work=The Times |location=London |first=James |last=Christopher |accessdate=4 May 2010 |archivedate=27 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127204102/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/ }}</ref>
An imahe ni Hepburn ginagamit na gayo sa mga advertising sa bilog na kinaban. Sa Hapon, sarong serye nin komersyal igwang mga klip o pasirip kan sarong kabtang kan "Roman Holiday" sa pag'advertise kan [[Kirin Brewery Company|Kirin]] [[black tea]]. Sa Estados Unidos, si Hepburn natampok sa sarong 2006 [[Gap (clothing retailer)|Gap]] komersyal na inusar an mga klip kan pagbayle niya sa pelikulang ''Funny Face'', asin nagtataram "[[Back in Black (song)|Back in Black]]", na may tagline "It's Back – The Skinny Black Pant". Sa pagrokyaw kan kampanyang "Keep it Simple", an Gap nagdonar nin dakulang kantidad sa Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wboc.com/Global/story.asp?S=5371942 |title=New Gap marketing campaign featuring original film footage of Audrey Hepburn helps Gap "Keeps it Simple" this Fall – WBOC-TV 16 |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=28 September 2007 |accessdate=6 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010941/http://www.wboc.com/Global/story.asp?S=5371942 |archivedate=28 September 2007}}</ref> Kan 2012, si Hepburn saro sa [[Culture of the United Kingdom|British cultural icons]] pinili kan artistang si Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]]na maluwas sa bagong bersyon kan saiyang bantogan na obra an sa Beatles na ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'', takop kan album na ini sa pagselebrar kan mga pigurang Briton na saiyang inaaraan.<ref>{{cite news|title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday|url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited|agency=The Guardian|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Kan 2013, sarong [[Computer-generated imagery|representasyon sa kompyuter]] ni Hepburn an ginamit sa advertising sa telebisyon para sa tsokolateng Briton, an [[Galaxy (chocolate)|Galaxy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/audrey-hepburn-advertisegalaxy-chocolate-bars-over-her-dead-body-8508603.html |title=Audrey Hepburn advertise Galaxy chocolate bars? Over her dead body! |work=The Independent |date=24 February 2013 |accessdate=28 February 2013 |author=Usborne, Simon |location=London}}</ref><ref name="Galaxy YouTube">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6kjbZSHTkQ |title=Audrey Hepburn digitaly{{sic|hide=y}} reborn for Galaxy |date=1 March 2013 |accessdate=18 November 2014}}</ref> Kan 4 Mayo 2014, an Google nagtampok nin [[Google Doodle|doodle]] sa homepage kaini kan manongod kan kuta ika-85ng kaaldawan ni Hepburn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://time.com/87152/google-doodle-audrey-hepburn/|title=Google Doodle Pays Tribute to Audrey Hepburn|first=Samantha|last=Grossman|date=4 May 2014|accessdate=9 March 2017|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>
==Mga panluwas na takod==
* [http://www.audreyhepburn.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228170106/http://www.audreyhepburn.com/ |date=2017-12-28 }} ni Hepburn asin kan Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund
*[http://www.biography.com/articles/Audrey-Hepburn-9335788 Buhay asin mga naginibo ni Audrey Hepburn]]
*[http://www.audrey1.org/community/30/audrey-hepburn-websites Mga websayt dapit ki Audrey Hepburn]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511031413/http://www.biography.com/articles/Audrey-Hepburn-9335788 |date=2011-05-11 }}
*[http://www.unicef.org/people/people_audrey_hepburn.html Gibong humanitario ni Audrey Hepburn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511031413/http://www.biography.com/articles/Audrey-Hepburn-9335788 |date=2011-05-11 }}
===Mga ginunuan===
* {{cite book |last=Eastman |first=John |title=Retakes: Behind the Scenes of 500 Classic Movies |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1989 |isbn=0-345-35399-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Ferrer |first=Sean |title=Audrey Hepburn, an Elegant Spirit |publisher=Atria |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-671-02479-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Fishgall |first=Gary |title=Gregory Peck: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJId3XPaeR0C&pg=PA174&q=peck%20hepburn%20%22roman%20holiday%22 |date=2002 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=0-684-85290-X |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gitlin |first1=Martin |title=Audrey Hepburn: A Biography |date=2009 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Conn. |isbn=978-0-313-35945-3 |page= |url=}}
* {{cite book |last=Givenchy |first=Hubert de|authorlink=Hubert de Givenchy|title=Audrey Hepburn |publisher=Pavilion |location=London |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-86205-775-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Harris |first=Warren G. |title=Audrey Hepburn: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9ZrAAAACAAJ |year=1994 |publisher=Wheeler Pub. |isbn=978-1-56895-156-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hill |first=Daniel Delis |title=As Seen in Vogue: A Century of American Fashion in Advertising |date=2004 |publisher=[[Texas Tech University Press]] |location= |isbn= |page= |url=}}
* {{cite book |last=Moseley |first=Rachel |year=2002 |title=Growing Up with Audrey Hepburn: Text, Audience, Resonance |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |isbn=978-0-7190-6310-7 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Paris |first=Barry |authorlink=Barry Paris|title=Audrey Hepburn |publisher=[[Berkley Books]] |year=2001 |orig-year=1996|isbn=978-0-425-18212-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Sheridan |first=Jayne |year=2010 |title=Fashion, Media, Promotion: The New Black Magic |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |isbn=978-1-4051-9421-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Spoto |first=Donald |authorlink=Donald Spoto|title=Enchantment: The Life of Audrey Hepburn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5MsnAQAAIAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=Harmony Books |isbn=978-0-307-23758-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Steele |first=Valerie |authorlink=Valerie Steele |title=The Berg Companion to Fashion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hemsvn9ZbRkC&pg=PA483 |accessdate=16 May 2011 |date=9 November 2010 |publisher=Berg Publishers |isbn=978-1-84788-592-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Vermilye |first=Jerry |title=The Complete Films of Audrey Hepburn |publisher=Citadel Press |location=New York |year=1995 |isbn=0-8065-1598-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Walker |first=Alexander|authorlink= Alexander Walker (critic) |title=Audrey, Her Real Story|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Audrey.html?id=g1b_sUYLROMC&printsec=frontcover |publisher= Macmillan |location=London |year=1997|orig-year=1994 |isbn=0-312-18046-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Woodward |first=Ian |title=Audrey Hepburn: Fair Lady of the Screen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdKmyvMFWSoC&pg=PA94 |date=31 May 2012 |publisher=Ebury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4481-3293-5 |ref=harv}}
==Dagdag na babasahon ==
*{{cite book|last=Brizel|first=Scott|title=Audrey Hepburn: International Cover Girl|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9lNPgAACAAJ|date=18 November 2009|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-6820-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Byczynski|first=Stuart J.|title=Audrey Hepburn: A Secret Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fmUNAAAACAAJ|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Brunswick Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-1-55618-168-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Cheshire|first=Ellen|title=Audrey Hepburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lly8G8rTrQgC|date=19 October 2011|publisher=Perseus Books Group|isbn=978-1-84243-547-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Hepburn-Ferrer|first=Sean|title=Audrey Hepburn, An Elegant Spirit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xn8wjtoVspQC|date=5 April 2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-02479-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Hofstede|first=David|title=Audrey Hepburn: a bio-bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8aJZAAAAMAAJ|date=31 August 1994|publisher=Greenwood Press}}
*{{cite book|last=Karney|first=Robyn|authorlink=Robyn Karney|title=Audrey Hepburn: A Star Danced|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoz3gKnnriEC|year=1995|publisher=Arcade Publishing|isbn=978-1-55970-300-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Keogh|first=Pamela Clarke|title=Audrey Style|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qpKPwAACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Aurum Press, Limited|isbn=978-1-84513-490-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Kidney|first=Christine|title=Audrey Hepburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnYeQwAACAAJ|date=1 February 2010|publisher=Pulteney Press|isbn=978-1-906734-57-2}}
*{{cite book|title=Life: Remembering Audrey 15 Years Later|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJMxNAAACAAJ|date=1 August 2008|publisher=Life Magazine, Time Inc. Home Entertainment|isbn=978-1-60320-536-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Marsh|first=June|title=Audrey Hepburn in Hats|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OHv4kwEACAAJ|date=June 2013|publisher=Reel Art Press|isbn=978-1-909526-00-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Maychick|first=Diana|title=Audrey Hepburn: An Intimate Portrait|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8kMAAAACAAJ|date=1 May 1996|publisher=Carol Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8065-8000-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Meyer-Stabley|first=Bertrand|title=La Véritable Audrey Hepburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJRVzarhA14C|year=2010|publisher=Pygmalion|language=French|isbn=978-2-7564-0321-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Morley|first=Sheridan|authorlink=Sheridan Morley|title=Audrey Hepburn: A Celebration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xY12I3KufK4C|year=1993|publisher=Pavilion Books|isbn=978-1-85793-136-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Nirwing|first=Sandy|title=An American in Paris: Audrey Hepburn and the City of Light - A historical analysis of genre cinema & gender roles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_g-x3BNOGkwC|date=26 January 2006|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-638-46087-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Nourmand|first=Tony|title=Audrey Hepburn: The Paramount Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0s_PjECHii8C|year=2006|publisher=Boxtree|isbn=978-0-7522-2603-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Paris|first=Barry|title=Audrey Hepburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dyi4vaDOKb8C|date=11 January 2002|publisher=Berkley Pub Group|isbn=978-0-425-18212-3|authorlink=Barry Paris}}
*{{cite book|last=Ricci|first=Stefania|title=Audrey Hepburn: una donna, lo stile|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OyvrAAAAMAAJ|date=June 1999|publisher=Leonardo Arte|language=Italian|isbn=978-88-7813-550-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Wasson|first=Sam|title=Fifth Avenue, 5 A.M.: Audrey Hepburn, Breakfast at Tiffany's, and The Dawn of the Modern Woman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZK8DGepq9DMC|date=22 June 2010|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-200013-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Yapp|first=Nick|title=Audrey Hepburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFUmAQAAMAAJ|date=20 November 2009|publisher=Endeavour}}
===Pelikula===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+Lista kan mga kredito sa pelikula
|-
!scope="col"| Titulo
!scope="col"| Taon
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| Papel
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| Nota
!scope=col class="unsortable" | Toltolan
|-
!scope=row|''Dutch in Seven Lessons''
| 1948
| Stewardess
| {{lang-nl|Nederlands in Zeven Lessen}}
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=381}}
|-
!scope=row|''One Wild Oat''
| 1951
| Resepsyonista sa otel
| Dai naka-kredito
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=381}}
|-
!scope=row|''Laughter in Paradise''
| 1951
| Babaeng parayopyop
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=382}}
|-
!scope=row|''The Lavender Hill Mob''
| 1951
| Chiquita
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=92, 382}}
|-
!scope=row| ''Young Wives' Tale''
|1951
| Eve Lester
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/96576/Young-Wives-Tale/|title=Young Wives' Tale (1951)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''[[Monte Carlo Baby]]''
| 1951
| Linda Farrell<br>Melissa Farrell {{small|(Bersyon Pranses)}}
|Dagos-dagos pinagkamera sa Ingles asin Pranses<br>{{lang-fr|Nous irons à Monte-Carlo}}
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Spoto|2007|p=43}}<br><ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201205257/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba164985b|archivedate=1 December 2014|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba164985b|title=Audrey Hepburn|publisher=British Film Institute|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9902E3D7133EE53BBC4151DFB366838F649EDE|title=Monte Carlo Baby (1953) At the Palace|work=The New York Times|publisher=Arthur Hays Sulzberger|date=29 May 1954|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|last=G.|first=O. A.}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Secret People''
| 1952
| Nora Brentano
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/89460/The-Secret-People/|title=The Secret People (1952)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Roman Holiday''
| 1953
| Princess Ann
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=124, 383}}
|-
!scope=row|''Sabrina''
| 1954
| Sabrina Fairchild
| UK: ''Sabrina Fair''
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/16295/Sabrina/|title=Sabrina (1954)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref><br>{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=384}}
|-
!scope=row|''War and Peace''
| 1956
| Natasha Rostova
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95063/War-and-Peace/|title=War and Peace (1956)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''[[Funny Face]]''
| 1957
| Jo Stockton
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/4588/Funny-Face/|title=Funny Face (1957)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''[[Love in the Afternoon (pelikula noong 1957)|Love in the Afternoon]]''
| 1957
| Ariane Chavasse
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/26667/Love-in-the-Afternoon/|title=Love in the Afternoon (1957)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Green Mansions''
| 1959
| Rima
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=386–387}}
|-
!scope=row|''The Nun's Story''
| 1959
| Sister Luke
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''The Unforgiven''
| 1960
| Rachel Zachary
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''[[Breakfast at Tiffany's (pelikula)|Breakfast at Tiffany's]]''
| 1961
| Holly Golightly
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''The Children's Hour''
| 1961
| Karen Wright
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''[[Charade (pelikula noong 1963)|Charade]]''
| 1963
| Regina Lampert
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/hollywood-silences-leading-ladies-as-speaking-roles-for-women-slump-8617570.html?action=gallery&ino=3|title=Hollywood Silences Leading Ladies as Speaking Roles for Women Slump|work=The Independent|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|last=Sherwin|first=Adam|date=15 May 2013|publisher=Independent Print Limited}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''[[Paris When It Sizzles]]''
| 1964
| Gabrielle Simpson
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/86269/Paris-When-It-Sizzles/|title=Paris When It Sizzles (1964)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''My Fair Lady''
| 1964
| Eliza Doolittle
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''How to Steal a Million''
| 1966
| Nicole Bonnet
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''Two for the Road''
| 1967
| Joanna Wallace
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/94193/Two-for-the-Road/|title=Two for the Road (1967)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''[[Wait Until Dark (pelikula)|Wait Until Dark]]''
| 1967
| Susy Hendrix
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/24754/Wait-Until-Dark/|title=Wait Until Dark (1967)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Robin and Marian''
|1976
| Maid Marian
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/3800/Robin-And-Marian/|title=Robin and Marian (1976)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Bloodline''
| 1979
| Elizabeth Roffe
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/69165/Bloodline/|title=Bloodline (1979)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''They All Laughed''
| 1981
| Angela Niotes
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/92798/They-All-Laughed/|title=They All Laughed (1981)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Always''
| 1989
| Hap
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=390–391}}
|}
===Telebisyon===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+Lista kan mga kredito sa telebisyon
|-
!scope="col"|Titulo
!scope="col"|Taon
!scope="col"|Papel
!scope="col"|Istasyon
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Nota
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Toltolan
|-
!scope=row|''Sauce Tartare''
| 1949
| Di alam
| [[BBC]]
| Pelikulang pantelebisyon
|
|-
!scope=row|''Saturday Night Revue''
| 1950
| Dai aram
| BBC Television Service
| 3 kabtang
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1950-07-15#at-20.30|title=15 July 1950|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524095958/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1950-07-15#at-20.30|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1950-07-29#at-20.15|title=29 July 1950|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524115138/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1950-07-29#at-20.15|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1950-08-12#at-20.30|title=12 August 1950|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524095810/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1950-08-12#at-20.30|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Sunday Night Theatre''
| 1951
| Celia
| BBC Television Service
| Kabtang: "The Silent Village"
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ee075eb830854266a21c68035d79055f|title=Hugh Williams and Joyce Redman in 'The Silent Village'|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524095832/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ee075eb830854266a21c68035d79055f|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''CBS Television Workshop''
| 1952
|{{sort|Forsythe|Virginia Forsythe}}
| [[CBS]]
| Kabtang: "Rainy Day at Paradise Junction"
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item/?q=cbs+television+workshop&p=1&item=T:12056|title=CBS Television Workshop, The: Rainy Day in Paradise Junction|publisher=Paley Center for Media|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref><br>{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=39}}
|-
!scope=row|''Producers' Showcase''
| 1957
| Mary Vetsera
| [[NBC]]
| Kabtang: "Mayerling"
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=201, 391}}
|-
!scope=row|''{{sort|World|A World of Love}}''
| 1970
| Siya mismo
| CBS
| Espesyal nin [[UNICEF]]
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Fearn-Banks|2009|p=494}}
|-
!scope=row|''Love Among Thieves''
| 1987
| {{sort|DuLac|Caroline DuLac}}
| [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]
| Pelikulang pantelebisyon
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=392}}<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/472053/Love-Among-Thieves/|title=Love Among Thieves (1987)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''American Masters''
| 1988
| Siya mismo
| PBS
| Kabtang: "Directed by William Wyler"<br>Dokumentaryo
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|p=391}}
|-
!scope=row|''Gregory Peck: His Own Man''
| 1988
| Siya mismo
| [[Cinemax]]
| Dokumentaryo
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Molyneaux|1995|p=247}}
|-
!scope=row|''Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn''
| 1993
| Siya mismo
| PBS
| Dokumentaryong serye
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/gardens-of-the-world-with-audrey-hepburn/201595/|title=Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn|work=TV Guide|accessdate=23 Mayo 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|}
===Teatro===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+Lista kan mga kredito sa teatro
|-
!scope="col"| Titulo
!scope="col"| Taon
!scope="col"| Papel
!scope="col"| Teatro
!scope=col class="unsortable" | Nota
!scope=col class="unsortable" | Toltolan
|-
!scope=row|''High Button Shoes''
| 1948–1949
| Chorus girl
| London Hippodrome
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=63–64}}
|-
!scope=row|''Sauce Tartare''
| 1949
| Chorus girl
| Cambridge Theatre
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}<br>{{sfn|Woodward|2012|pp=67, 69}}
|-
!scope=row|''Sauce Piquante''
| 1950
| Itinampok na kagpapel
| Cambridge Theatre
|
|style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Gitlin|2008|p=116}}
|-
!scope=row|''Gigi''
| 1951–1952
| Gigi
| Fulton Theatre
| 24 Nobyembre 1951 – 31 Mayo 1952
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=1977|title=Gigi|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=22 Mayo 2015}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|''Ondine''
| 1954
| Ondine
| 46th Street Theatre
| 18 Pebrero 1954 – 3 Hulyo 1954
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=2441|title=Ondine|publisher=Internet Broadway Database|accessdate=22 Mayo 2015}}</ref>
|}
== Toltolan ==
<small>{{reflist|2}}</small>
[[Kategorya:Artista nin Pelikula]]
== Early life ==
=== 1929–1938: Pamilya asin amay na pagkaaki ===
Si Audrey Kathleen Ruston (kan huri, Hepburn-Ruston [6]) namundag kan ika-4 kan Mayo 1929 sa numero 48 Rue Keyenveld sa Ixelles, sarong munisipalidad kan Brussels, Belhika. [7] Midbid siya sa saiyang pamilya bilang ''Adriaantje''. [8]
[[Ladawan:Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60038552_Een_gezelschap_met_gouverneur_Van_Hee.jpg|alt=Black and White photo of Hepburn's grandfather when he was governor of Dutch Guiana.|thumb| An lolo ni Hepburn, si Aarnoud van Heemstra, iyo an gobernador kan kolonya kan Dutch Guiana .]]
An ina ni Hepburn, si Baroness Ella van Heemstra (1900–1984), sarong nobleng Olandes. Si Ella aking babae ni Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra. Si Baron Aarnoud nagsirbe bilang alkalde kan Arnhem poon 1910 sagkod 1920 asin bilang gobernador kan Dutch Guiana poon 1921 sagkod 1928. Si Baroness Elbrig Willemine Henriette van Asbeck (1873-1939), sarong makoapo ni Count van Hopdor. Sa edad na 19, siya nagpakasal ki Jonkheer Hendrik Gustaaf Adolf Quarles van Ufford – sarong ehekutibo sa lana na nakabase sa Batavia, Dutch East Indies, kun saen an mag-agom nag-erok. [10] Bago nagdiborsyo kan 1925, nagkaigwa sinda nin duwang aking lalaki, si Jonkheer Arnoud Robert Alexander Quarles van Ufford (1920-1979) asin si Jonkheer Ian Edgar Bruce Quarles van Ufford (1924-2010). [7] [11] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ian van Ufford Quarles Obituary|date=29 May 2010|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/timesonline-uk/obituary.aspx?pid=143195604}}</ref>
9fcedtb78s528yv7668iow6unyev0oe
Madame Tussauds
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[[ladawan:Madame Tussauds London.jpg|right|thumb|An Madame Tussauds sa London]]
[[File:Madame Tussauds NYC.jpg|thumb|Museong taro ni Madame Tussauds sa New York]]
[[ladawan:Hollywood Madame Tussauds P4050188.jpg|right|thumb|An Madame Tussauds sa Hollywood]]
[[ladawan:Madame Tussauds, Washington, D.C. 2011 crop.jpg|right|thumb|An Madame Tussauds sa Washington D.C.]]
An '''Madame Tussauds''' (UK /təˈsɔːdz/, US /tʉˈsoʊz/; an pamilya mismo sinasayod kani na /ˈtuːsoʊ/[1]) sarong museong taro sa [[London]] na may mga sanga sa mga darakulang siyudad arog kan [[Nueva York|Nweba York]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Shanghai]], [[Tokyo]], [[Berlin]], [[Vienna]] asin kadakul pang iba; mala ta katorse na an mga ini sa bilog na kinaban.<ref>http://www.madametussauds.com/</ref> Ini pigmukna ni [[Marie Tussaud]], sarong iskultor sa taro. Sa museo naka'eksibit an mga tarong pigurin nin mga bantogan na mga personalidad arog kan sa pelikula, sa arte, sa isports, sa pulitika, mga pigurang historiko, asin maski ngani kan mga labilabing bantog na mga kriminal.
==Agi-agi==
Si [[Marie Tussaud]] nakanood mag'iskultor sa taro ki Dr. [[Philippe Curtius]] kan [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]], kun saen an ina niya, kan siya sadit pang gayo ilo na sa ama, napiritan mag'estar bilang taga'asikaso kan harong kan nasabing mediko. Huli ta an doktor marhay mag'ukit sa taro nin mga pigurin, siya tinokdoan sa siring na kabatiran mala ta nagin na siyang katuwang sa trabahong ini.
Enot na tarong pigurin nahaman ni Tussaud iyo kan taon 1777, an hitsurang kaagid ni [[Voltaire]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Du Plessis|first=Amelia|title=England - Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.england.org.za/madame-tussauds.php|work=Informational site about England|accessdate=12 July 2011|archive-date=13 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213062041/http://www.england.org.za/madame-tussauds.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kan mga panahon na idto nahaman niya man an pigurin ni [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] asin ni [[Benjamin Franklin]]. Kan Rebolusyon sa Pransya, dakul pa siyang mga modelo sa taro nin mga biktima sa kariribokan na idto. Sinasabi na si Tussaud pinupurorot an mga pinugot na payo ta ginigibohan niyang maskarang taro an mga lalawgon. An mga maskarang ini ipinaparada pa bilang rebolusyonaryong bandera sa mga kalye kan Paris. Kan magadan na an doktor na si Curtius taon 1794, siya an nagmana kan mahiwas na kuleksyon kan mga modelong taro kaini asin lampas tolong polong taon linibot an Europa sa pagpa'eksibit kan kuleksyon. Kan naagom siya ni Francois Tussaud kan 1795, an eksibit nagbado nin bagong pangaran, na inapod nang Madame Tussaud's.
Kan taon 1802, naagda siya ni Paul Philidor, sarong salamangkero na magpa'eksibit sa London kadungan man kan saiyang pasale duman sa Lyceun Theatre. Alagad, dai siya nakakabawe na maray ta kabanga kan delinsya niya kinakabig ni Philidor. Duman siya inabot kan gerang Franco-Briton asin dai na logod siya naka'ule sa Pransya. An ginibo niya naglibot siya sa Gran Britanya asin Irlandya sa pagdispley kan saiyang kuleksyon. Poon 1831, saiyang inarkila an itaas kan "Baker Street Bazaar" na yaon sa pag'oltan kan kalye King asin kalye Dorset. Ini an nagin pinakaenot na permanenteng erokan ni Tussaud paglaog kan taon 1836..<ref>Pilbeam (2006) pp.100-104</ref>
==Mga panluwas na takod==
* [http://www.madametussauds.com/ Madame Tussauds] - Opisyal na websayt
* Madame Tussauds[http://www.venetian.com/las-vegas-amenities/activities/madame-tussauds/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513075023/http://www.venetian.com/Las-Vegas-Amenities/Activities/Madame-Tussauds/ |date=2012-05-13 }} - sa Las Vegas
* Madame Tussauds[http://www.madametussauds.com/NewYork/] sa Nweba York
* Madame Tussauds[http://www.madametussauds.com/Hollywood/] sa Hollywood
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
==Mga tarong pigurin sa Madame Tussauds==
<gallery>
File:Wax figures of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at Madame Tussauds London, 2008.jpg|Elizabeth II
File:Nelson Mandela Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Nelson Mandela
File:Mohanda Karamchand Gandhi Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Mohanda Karamchand Gandhi
File:Adolf Hitler Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Adolf Hitler
File:Marilyn Monroe Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Marilyn Monroe
File:Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar Wax Statue in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar
File:Benny Hill (Madame Tussauds).JPG|Benny Hill
File:Madame Tussauds London - Keira Knightley.jpg|Keira Knightley
File:Madame Tussauds London 00813 Nevit.jpg|Nevit
File:Lady Gaga wax figure at Madame Tussauds in London.jpg|Lady Gaga
File:Charlie Chaplin in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Charlie Chaplin
File:Jonah Lomu Madame Tussaud london.jpg|
File:Angelina Jolie Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Angelina Jolie
File:Ayrton Senna in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Ayrton Senna
File:Religious leaders in Madame Tussauds London.jpg|Pope John Paul
File:Alfred Hitchcock (Madame Tussauds).JPG|Alfred Hitchcock
File:Madame Tussauds London - Spider-Man statue.jpg|Spiderman
File:CharlesandCamila.jpg|CharlesandCamila
File:Borisbecker.jpg|Boris Becker
File:The Beatles wax dummies.jpg|The Beatles
File:Jack Sparrow - Johnny Depp (Madame Tussauds).JPG|Jack Sparrow - Johnny Depp
File:Kylie Minogue-Wax.jpg|Kylie Minogue
</gallery>
35a0ai6ggic0is4xslugo7jhm5vv2xb
Bikol Buhi
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{{Infobox Tataramon
|name=Bikol Buhi
| altname = '''Boinën''' o '''Boië’nën'''
|familycolor=Austronesyo
|states=[[Filipinas]]
|region=[[Rehiyon Bikol]]
|speakers= 73,600 (2009)
|fam2=[[Mga tataramon na Malayo-Polinesyo|Malayo-Polinesyo]]
|fam3=[[Mga tataramon na Borneo-Filipino|Borneo-Filipino]]
|fam4=[[Mga tataramon na Sentral Filipino|Sentral Filipino]]
|fam5=[[Mga tataramon na Bikol]]
|fam6=[[Kadagaan na Bikol]]
|script=[[Alpabetong Latin|Latin]] ([[w:Filipino orthography|Baryanteng Filipino]]);<br>''Nakasurat sa [[Baybayin|Basahan]] kan panahon''
|agency=[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]]<br>(Commission on the Filipino Language)
|iso3=ubl
|lc1=|ld1=|ll1=}}
[[File:Nakabuhi statue.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Monumentong "Nakabuhi," an ginikanan kan ngaran kan banwaan susog sa uusipon]]
An '''Bikol Buhi''' o '''[https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entry/44c51c16-ea6b-48df-b0ca-a0b4346aa1b9?q=%7B%22query%22%3A%22boie%22%7D Boie’nen]''' (Bikol Buhi na tataramon: [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entry/44c51c16-ea6b-48df-b0ca-a0b4346aa1b9?q=%7B%22query%22%3A%22boie%22%7D '''<nowiki>Boie’nen [bɔ̆ɪ̆ɛ̋’n̆ə̆n],</nowiki>'''] '''Boinën''' o '''Boië’nën''')<ref>''Bikol, Buhi’non''. Simons, Gary F. asin Charles D. Fennig (mga editor). 2017. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. Ginuno 2017-11-12</ref>(mga alternatibong apod: Bikol Buhi, [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entries Boie’nen], Boînan, Buhi, Buhi’non, Buhi-non) sarô sa [[mga tataramon na Bikol]] na pigtataram sa banwaan nin [[Buhi, Camarines Sur|Buhi]], [[Camarines Sur]]. Igwa ini nin haros 73,600 na parataram kan [[2009]]. Haros nakakaagid ini sa [[Rinconada Bikol]]. Inot ining iklinasipikar bilang suway na tataramon ni [[Malcolm Mintz]] kan [[1973]] asin inuyonan sa pag-adal nin [[Jason Lobel]] kan 2009.
[[Ladawan:Boie'nen in 20th Edition of Ethnologue Database 160920 2.jpg|alt=Ethnologue inclusion of “Boie’nen” in its 20th Edition of Ethnologue Database of 2016.|thumb|Parte kan [https://www.ethnologue.com/contribution/203611 urulay ni Alfonso Claveria sa websayt kan Ethnologue] kung sain iminukna niya na gamiton an ngaran na “[https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entry/44c51c16-ea6b-48df-b0ca-a0b4346aa1b9 Boie’nen]” bilang taal na apod sa tataramon kan banuan nin [[Buhi]].]]
Kabali an [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entries Boie’nen] sa grupo nin [[Kadagaan na Bikol|mga tataramon sa Kadagaan na Bikol]] sagkod an [[Rinconada Bikol]], Mt. Iriga Agta, [[Libon Bikol]], [[Bikol Sulnopan na Albay|West Albay Bikol]] asin [[Miraya Bikol]]
==Mga pagsaligsig asin klasipikasyon kan tataramon==
[[Ladawan:Buhi Signage.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Paisi na nakasurat sa tataramon na Buhinon]]
Sa pagsaligsig ninda Barbara Anderson asin Frank Lynch kan [[1956]], an diyalekto na ginagamit sa [[Buhi,_Camarines_Sur|Buhi]], [[Camarines Sur]] asin sa [[Oas,_Albay|Oas]], [[Albay]] na igwa nin nadagdag na tanog na /ɣ/ (voiced velar fricative) klasipikado sa grupong '''Interior Bikol''' kaiba an duwa (2) pang diyalekto. Sa pag-adal na ini, igwa nin apat na [[mga tataramon na Bikol]] kabilang an Interior Bikol.<ref name=":0">''Ang Wikang Rinconada sa Bikol'' dai nin awtor gikan sa '''Scribd''' (pighugot 2014-04-19)
</ref>
Nagluwas sa pag-adal ni Jon Epstein kan [[1967]] na kabilang sa '''diyalektong Rinconada''' an tataramon na ginagamit sa Buhi siring man an tataramon na ginagamit sa Bula, Baao, Iriga, Nabua asin Bato na anas yaon sa Camarines Sur mantang dai kabali sa pag-adal an Balatan asin mayong sinambit na susogan an saiyang klasipikasyon. Alagad sa pagsaligsig ni [[Malcolm Mintz]] kan [[1973]] sa kaso asin semantikong panugpon sa mga berbo, suway an '''tataramon na Buhi''' sa [[Tataramon_na_Rinconada_Bikol|tataramon na Rinconada]] dawà sa pagsaligsig na ini ninda Anderson sagkod Lynch (1956) asin Mintz (1973), kadikit an datos na ginamit asin susog sana sa obserbasiyon an pag-adal.
Sa urog na siyentipikong pag-aadal ni Curtis Daniel Mcfarland kan [[1974]], igwa nin kagsarong (11) klasipikasyon nin diyalekto sa rawis kan Bikol sagkod Catanduanes. Kabilang digdi bilang suhay na diyalekto an '''diyalektong Buhi''' asin diyalektong Rinconada na ibinali sa sarô sa apat na mga grupo, an '''Inland Dialect'''. Sa ginibong pagsaligsig, ikinumpara an mga diyalekto sa tanog asin mga relasyon kaini, tataramon asin pagbilog nin mga tataramon. Dai ibinali an mga banwaan na Tagalog an ginagamit sa Camarines Norte sagkod Camarines Sur asin an mga isla nin Masbate sagkod Ticao.<ref>Mc Farland, Curtis Daniel ''The dialects of the Bikol area'' PhD dissertation, Yale University (1974)</ref>
Siring man sa pagsaligsig ninda Jason William Lobel, Wilmer Joseph Tria asin Jose Maria Carpio kan [[2000]], kun sain naidugang pa an diyalektong Partido sa kagsarong (11) diyalekto na nainot nang iklinasipikar ni Mcfarland (1974), an '''diyalektong Buhinon''' kabilang sa grupong '''Southern Coastal and Inland Bikol'''. Kaiba sa grupong ini an lima (5) pang diyalektong Rinconada, Buhinon, Libon, West Miraya asin East Miraya.<ref>Lobel, Jason William, Tria, Wilmer Joseph S., and Carpio, Jose Maria Z. ''An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language'' Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary (2000)
</ref>
[[Ladawan:Boie’nen Verb Structure Example and Morphology.jpg|alt=An pandiwa kan Boie’nen nakabase sa aspeto bako sa “tense”.|thumb|Ehemplo kan pagbabago kan tataramon Boie’nen base sa aspekto asin bako base sa “tense”.]]
==Bilang sarong suway na tataramon==
[[File:Bikol_languages.jpg|150px|thumb|Sakop kan tataramon na Buhi Bikol sa palibot kan Danaw nin Buhi]]
Susog sa pag-adal nin [[Jason Lobel]], tinàwan kan Ethnologue nin identipikasyon na ISO 639-3 na "ubl" an '''Buhinon Bikol''' kan [[2009]]. Igwa ining kasanglíng apod na Buhi Bikol asin Buhinon. Ginagamit ini kan 73,600 na parataram kan [[2009]] sa banwaan nin Buhi. Klasipikado ini sa '''Inland Bikol''' kabilang an mga tataramon na [[Rinconada Bikol]], [[Libon Bikol]], Mt. Iriga Agta, [[Libon Bikol]], [[Bikol Sulnopan na Albay|West Albay Bikol]] asin [[Miraya Bikol]].
Sa ginibong pag-adal ni Dominga Portugal kan [[2000]], nakalikom siya nin 108 tataramon na Buhinon na magkaagid para sa 71 kahulogan kaiba an mga [[rapsak na tataramon]].<ref>Portugal, Dominga L. J. ''Buhi dialect (Boînen)'' San Francisco: D. J. Portugal Publications (2000)
</ref> Kabali man an mga rapsak na tataramon sa pag-adal ni Jason Lobel kan [[2005]] sa ''The Angry Register of the Bikol Languages of the Philippines'' kun sain iklinasipikar kaini bilang '''diyalekto '''an Buhi Bikol kan '''Southern Bikol''' o haros siring sa ''Interior Bikol'', ''Inland Dialect'' asin ''Inland Bikol ''na sakop.<ref>Lobel, Jason William. ''The Angry Register of the Bikol Languages of the Philippines'' University of Hawai‘i (2005)</ref><ref>Hsiu-chuan Liao and Carl R. Galvez Rubino, eds. Current issues in Philippine linguistics and anthropology: Parangal kay Lawrence A. Reid. Manila: LSP and SIL. pp. 149-166 (2005)</ref> Kan 2009, idinokumento ninda Nilo Borromeo asin pag-iriba an 207 na tataramon sa Buhinon.<ref>Buhi’non (Bikol) Digital Wordlist Vol. 3, No. 2 (December 2009), pp. 213-225
</ref>
Bago kan mga ini, may nainot nang pag-adal si Yukihiro Yamada kan [[1972]] sa mga bokabularyo sa Buhi Bikol asin an librong <em>Boinen, Tao ag Sasabyen </em>ni Judith Noble-Claveria. An gibo ni Yamada, sarong Hapones, susog sa bokabularyo ni Valerio Yaguel, sarong propyeng Buhinon siring ninda Portugal asin Claveria.<ref>Yamada, Yukihiro. ''A Buhi Bikol vocabulary'' Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Kochi University, No. 24, Series I. Kochi: Faculty of Education, Kochi University (1972)</ref><ref>Claveria, Benjamin A. ''Our Buhi Language'' [http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com The Claveria Heritage]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (pighugot 2014-04-19)</ref>
=== Ortograpiyang Boie'nen ===
===Mga prominenteng parataram===
Duwa sa mga midbid na tao na nakakataram nin Buhinon iyo sinda Rez Cortez na sarong aktor sa pelikula asin si Victor Wood na sarong parakanta.
==Literatura==
Kan 2016, ipinublikar an ''KAAYUPAN'', sarong surusadiring publikasyon ni [[Ryan Cuatrona]] na pagpalis sa tataramon na ini kan mga pabula ni Esopo. Ibinungsod an babasahon sa [[Better Living Through Xeroxography Naga]] kan Disyembre 10, 2016 sa Anthosia Cafe sa [[Syudad nin Naga]].
Kansyon na ginibo saka kinanta ni [https://www.facebook.com/share/v/19qUgPrdFy/ Elmer Caparanga] na ipinublikar Facebook websayt kan Oktobre 8, 2022 na ginibohan ni interpretasyon sa Inglis ni Alfonso Claveria na “Twilight"<ref name=":0" />
==Bokabularyo==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bikol Buhi !! Bikol Sentral
|-
| ʔaˈko || akó
|-
| ʔiˈka || iká
|-
| ʔiˈja || siyá
|-
| kiˈta || kitá
|-
| siˈra || sindá
|-
| ʔamwaˈdi (literal na ‘Ining ini (harani sa parataram)’;<br/> cf. [ʔaˈdi] ) || iní
|-
| ʔamwaˈʔan ( literal na ‘Uning uni (harani sa pinapadarahan)’; <br/> cf. [ʔaˈʔan] ) || uni
|-
| diˈdi || d(igdí)
|-
| ʔadˈto (harayuon gikan sa parehas na parataram asin pinapadar(a)han) || dumán
|-
| siʔiˈsai || si isáy
|-
| ʔoˈno || áno
|-
| saʔˈri || sàin (kun matukdô nin direksiyon) <br/> háin, nasàin (kun mahanap nin bagay/gamit/tao)
|-
| kinaʔoˈno || nùarin
|-
| paʔoˈno || pâno
|-
| ʔinˈdiʔ || dài
|-
| ŋaʔˈmin || gabós, ánas
|-
| mariˈɡən^ || dakól
|-
| naŋaɡˌkapiˈra || nagkapirá
|-
| ʔaɡˈbai || (ka)dikít, (ka)dìit
|-
| ʔiˈba || ibá
|-
| ʔәˈsad^^|| sarô
|-
| doˈwa || duwá
|-
| toˈlo || tuló
|-
| ʔәˈpat || apát
|-
| liˈma || limá
|-
| dakəˈɣəʔ || dakulà
|-
| ʔalaˈbaʔ || halabà
|-
| maʔiˈwas || mahiwas, halakbáng
|-
| maiʔˈbәɡ || mahìbog
|-
| mabәʔˈɡat || magabát
|-
| saˈdai || sadít, sadáy
|-
| ʔaliʔˈpot || halìpot
|-
| piɡiˈpit || piot, hayàpit
|-
| maniˈpis (kahibugan talaga; e.g. manipis na libro; manipis na buhok) || mahimpís, manipís
|-
| babaˈji || babayi
|-
| laɣaˈki || lalaki
|-
| taˈwo || tawo
|}
[[Ladawan:A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary by Yukihiro Yamada Screenshots of pages 13 & 14.jpg|thumb|Kopya kan pagina 12-13 kan sinorat na pag adal ni Propisor Yamada kung sain sinorat niya an pagliwat kan pagsorat kan tataramon na Boie’nen na gamit sana an sarong manwal na makinilya asin pinadara niya sa koreo ki Alfonso Claveria, sarong taga Buhi na namundag kan 1953, na iyo man an nagpublikar na kan parti kan listahan kan tataramon na Boie'nen ni Propisor Yamada sa www.buhi.com/yamada/ ]]
An tataramon na [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/about Boie’nen o Binoie’nen] dai minagamit kan tanog kan letrang /h/ na kinompirma ini ni Propisor Yamada kan taon 1972<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/share/19tkqMZJh7/?mibextid=wwXIfr Buhi Vocabulary List, Yamada 1972]</ref>
*Si Popisor Yukihiro Yamada an nagsorat kan pinakaenot na pagadal kan tataramon na Boie’nen kan 1972: (''[https://www.buhi.com/yamada/ A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary]'') na igwang 513 tataramon (lexemes) na pinubnlikar sa ''Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Kochi University, No. 24, Series 1'' (pagina 12-41) na sinoratan niya nin mga pagliwat kan inapod niyang “ordinary writing” asin pindara ki Alfonso Claveria.[[Ladawan:Copy of the Mailing Envelope of Professor Yamada for Alfonso Claveria.jpg|thumb|Kopya kan sobre sa pinadarang kopya ni Propisor Yamada ki Alfonso Claveria kan artikulo niyang “A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary (1972) kung sain sinorat niya an mga pagliwat para sa “ordinaryong pagsorat” sa tataramon na Boie’nen kung sain pweding gamiton sana an sarong ordinaryong makinilya.]]
*^- intensifier; 'Napaka' pag igwang kaibang saróng pang-uri o pantipo; '(Ka)dakol' pag kaiba an saróng numero kan pangngaran.
* ^^ - naproprodusir kan parataram iyo an [ʔiˈsad]
==Toltolan==
<small>{{reflist|2}}</small>
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/about Boie'nen (Old-Buhi Language)]
*[http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/language.htm Our Buhi Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830122155/http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/language.htm |date=2014-08-30 }} ni Benjamin A. Claveria
*[https://marayum.ph/front_matter/bikol-boienen-english/ Old Boie'nen Dictionary Project]
*[https://www.buhi.com/yamada/ A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary by Yukihiro Yamada] sa websay na [https://buhi.com Buhi Online (BOL)]
*[http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/yamada A Buhi Bicol Vocabulary ni Yukihiro Yamada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409122159/http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/yamada/ |date=2014-04-09 }} sa websayt na [http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com The Claveria Heritage]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ubl Buhi Bikol] sa [http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue][[Kategorya:Mga tataramon sa Bikol]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/1403229279894975 Banwaang Mauyay] - sarong grupo nin parataram sa Buhi Bikol sa [http://www.facebook.com Facebook]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXqZB2J8oxk Buhi, Banwaan Ko BANWAAN] (tataramon asin musika ni Bides asin dugang na rap ni Reddzmack) - sarong kanta sa [http://www.youtube.com Youtube]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjE3axlw2Mg Sarong klasikong kantang Buhinon] sa sa [http://www.youtube.com Youtube]
{{Mga tataramon na Filipino}}
{{Mga tataramon kan Filipinas}}
{{Mga tataramon na Bikol}}
{{tataramon-saringsing}}
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon sa Bikol]]
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{{Infobox Tataramon
|name=Bikol Buhi
| altname = '''Boinën''' o '''Boië’nën'''
|familycolor=Austronesyo
|states=[[Filipinas]]
|region=[[Rehiyon Bikol]]
|speakers= 73,600 (2009)
|fam2=[[Mga tataramon na Malayo-Polinesyo|Malayo-Polinesyo]]
|fam3=[[Mga tataramon na Borneo-Filipino|Borneo-Filipino]]
|fam4=[[Mga tataramon na Sentral Filipino|Sentral Filipino]]
|fam5=[[Mga tataramon na Bikol]]
|fam6=[[Kadagaan na Bikol]]
|script=[[Alpabetong Latin|Latin]] ([[w:Filipino orthography|Baryanteng Filipino]]);<br>''Nakasurat sa [[Baybayin|Basahan]] kan panahon''
|agency=[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]]<br>(Commission on the Filipino Language)
|iso3=ubl
|lc1=|ld1=|ll1=}}
[[File:Nakabuhi statue.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Monumentong "Nakabuhi," an ginikanan kan ngaran kan banwaan susog sa uusipon]]
An '''Bikol Buhi''' o '''[https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entry/44c51c16-ea6b-48df-b0ca-a0b4346aa1b9?q=%7B%22query%22%3A%22boie%22%7D Boie’nen]''' (Bikol Buhi na tataramon: [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entry/44c51c16-ea6b-48df-b0ca-a0b4346aa1b9?q=%7B%22query%22%3A%22boie%22%7D '''<nowiki>Boie’nen [bɔ̆ɪ̆ɛ̋’n̆ə̆n],</nowiki>'''] '''Boinën''' o '''Boië’nën''')<ref>''Bikol, Buhi’non''. Simons, Gary F. asin Charles D. Fennig (mga editor). 2017. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. Ginuno 2017-11-12</ref>(mga alternatibong apod: Bikol Buhi, [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entries Boie’nen], Boînan, Buhi, Buhi’non, Buhi-non) sarô sa [[mga tataramon na Bikol]] na pigtataram sa banwaan nin [[Buhi, Camarines Sur|Buhi]], [[Camarines Sur]]. Igwa ini nin haros 73,600 na parataram kan [[2009]]. Haros nakakaagid ini sa [[Rinconada Bikol]]. Inot ining iklinasipikar bilang suway na tataramon ni [[Malcolm Mintz]] kan [[1973]] asin inuyonan sa pag-adal nin [[Jason Lobel]] kan 2009.
[[Ladawan:Boie'nen in 20th Edition of Ethnologue Database 160920 2.jpg|alt=Ethnologue inclusion of “Boie’nen” in its 20th Edition of Ethnologue Database of 2016.|thumb|Parte kan [https://www.ethnologue.com/contribution/203611 urulay ni Alfonso Claveria sa websayt kan Ethnologue] kung sain iminukna niya na gamiton an ngaran na “[https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entry/44c51c16-ea6b-48df-b0ca-a0b4346aa1b9 Boie’nen]” bilang taal na apod sa tataramon kan banuan nin [[Buhi]].]]
Kabali an [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/entries Boie’nen] sa grupo nin [[Kadagaan na Bikol|mga tataramon sa Kadagaan na Bikol]] sagkod an [[Rinconada Bikol]], Mt. Iriga Agta, [[Libon Bikol]], [[Bikol Sulnopan na Albay|West Albay Bikol]] asin [[Miraya Bikol]]
==Mga pagsaligsig asin klasipikasyon kan tataramon==
[[Ladawan:Buhi Signage.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Paisi na nakasurat sa tataramon na Buhinon]]
Sa pagsaligsig ninda Barbara Anderson asin Frank Lynch kan [[1956]], an diyalekto na ginagamit sa [[Buhi,_Camarines_Sur|Buhi]], [[Camarines Sur]] asin sa [[Oas,_Albay|Oas]], [[Albay]] na igwa nin nadagdag na tanog na /ɣ/ (voiced velar fricative) klasipikado sa grupong '''Interior Bikol''' kaiba an duwa (2) pang diyalekto. Sa pag-adal na ini, igwa nin apat na [[mga tataramon na Bikol]] kabilang an Interior Bikol.<ref name=":0">''Ang Wikang Rinconada sa Bikol'' dai nin awtor gikan sa '''Scribd''' (pighugot 2014-04-19)
</ref>
Nagluwas sa pag-adal ni Jon Epstein kan [[1967]] na kabilang sa '''diyalektong Rinconada''' an tataramon na ginagamit sa Buhi siring man an tataramon na ginagamit sa Bula, Baao, Iriga, Nabua asin Bato na anas yaon sa Camarines Sur mantang dai kabali sa pag-adal an Balatan asin mayong sinambit na susogan an saiyang klasipikasyon. Alagad sa pagsaligsig ni [[Malcolm Mintz]] kan [[1973]] sa kaso asin semantikong panugpon sa mga berbo, suway an '''tataramon na Buhi''' sa [[Tataramon_na_Rinconada_Bikol|tataramon na Rinconada]] dawà sa pagsaligsig na ini ninda Anderson sagkod Lynch (1956) asin Mintz (1973), kadikit an datos na ginamit asin susog sana sa obserbasiyon an pag-adal.
Sa urog na siyentipikong pag-aadal ni Curtis Daniel Mcfarland kan [[1974]], igwa nin kagsarong (11) klasipikasyon nin diyalekto sa rawis kan Bikol sagkod Catanduanes. Kabilang digdi bilang suhay na diyalekto an '''diyalektong Buhi''' asin diyalektong Rinconada na ibinali sa sarô sa apat na mga grupo, an '''Inland Dialect'''. Sa ginibong pagsaligsig, ikinumpara an mga diyalekto sa tanog asin mga relasyon kaini, tataramon asin pagbilog nin mga tataramon. Dai ibinali an mga banwaan na Tagalog an ginagamit sa Camarines Norte sagkod Camarines Sur asin an mga isla nin Masbate sagkod Ticao.<ref>Mc Farland, Curtis Daniel ''The dialects of the Bikol area'' PhD dissertation, Yale University (1974)</ref>
Siring man sa pagsaligsig ninda Jason William Lobel, Wilmer Joseph Tria asin Jose Maria Carpio kan [[2000]], kun sain naidugang pa an diyalektong Partido sa kagsarong (11) diyalekto na nainot nang iklinasipikar ni Mcfarland (1974), an '''diyalektong Buhinon''' kabilang sa grupong '''Southern Coastal and Inland Bikol'''. Kaiba sa grupong ini an lima (5) pang diyalektong Rinconada, Buhinon, Libon, West Miraya asin East Miraya.<ref>Lobel, Jason William, Tria, Wilmer Joseph S., and Carpio, Jose Maria Z. ''An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language'' Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary (2000)
</ref>
==Bilang sarong suway na tataramon==
[[File:Bikol_languages.jpg|150px|thumb|Sakop kan tataramon na Buhi Bikol sa palibot kan Danaw nin Buhi]]
Susog sa pag-adal nin [[Jason Lobel]], tinàwan kan Ethnologue nin identipikasyon na ISO 639-3 na "ubl" an '''Buhinon Bikol''' kan [[2009]]. Igwa ining kasanglíng apod na Buhi Bikol asin Buhinon. Ginagamit ini kan 73,600 na parataram kan [[2009]] sa banwaan nin Buhi. Klasipikado ini sa '''Inland Bikol''' kabilang an mga tataramon na [[Rinconada Bikol]], [[Libon Bikol]], Mt. Iriga Agta, [[Libon Bikol]], [[Bikol Sulnopan na Albay|West Albay Bikol]] asin [[Miraya Bikol]].
Sa ginibong pag-adal ni Dominga Portugal kan [[2000]], nakalikom siya nin 108 tataramon na Buhinon na magkaagid para sa 71 kahulogan kaiba an mga [[rapsak na tataramon]].<ref>Portugal, Dominga L. J. ''Buhi dialect (Boînen)'' San Francisco: D. J. Portugal Publications (2000)
</ref> Kabali man an mga rapsak na tataramon sa pag-adal ni Jason Lobel kan [[2005]] sa ''The Angry Register of the Bikol Languages of the Philippines'' kun sain iklinasipikar kaini bilang '''diyalekto '''an Buhi Bikol kan '''Southern Bikol''' o haros siring sa ''Interior Bikol'', ''Inland Dialect'' asin ''Inland Bikol ''na sakop.<ref>Lobel, Jason William. ''The Angry Register of the Bikol Languages of the Philippines'' University of Hawai‘i (2005)</ref><ref>Hsiu-chuan Liao and Carl R. Galvez Rubino, eds. Current issues in Philippine linguistics and anthropology: Parangal kay Lawrence A. Reid. Manila: LSP and SIL. pp. 149-166 (2005)</ref> Kan 2009, idinokumento ninda Nilo Borromeo asin pag-iriba an 207 na tataramon sa Buhinon.<ref>Buhi’non (Bikol) Digital Wordlist Vol. 3, No. 2 (December 2009), pp. 213-225
</ref>
Bago kan mga ini, may nainot nang pag-adal si Yukihiro Yamada kan [[1972]] sa mga bokabularyo sa Buhi Bikol asin an librong <em>Boinen, Tao ag Sasabyen </em>ni Judith Noble-Claveria. An gibo ni Yamada, sarong Hapones, susog sa bokabularyo ni Valerio Yaguel, sarong propyeng Buhinon siring ninda Portugal asin Claveria.<ref>Yamada, Yukihiro. ''A Buhi Bikol vocabulary'' Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Kochi University, No. 24, Series I. Kochi: Faculty of Education, Kochi University (1972)</ref><ref>Claveria, Benjamin A. ''Our Buhi Language'' [http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com The Claveria Heritage]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (pighugot 2014-04-19)</ref>
=== Ortograpiyang Boie'nen ===
===Mga prominenteng parataram===
Duwa sa mga midbid na tao na nakakataram nin Buhinon iyo sinda Rez Cortez na sarong aktor sa pelikula asin si Victor Wood na sarong parakanta.
==Literatura==
Kan 2016, ipinublikar an ''KAAYUPAN'', sarong surusadiring publikasyon ni [[Ryan Cuatrona]] na pagpalis sa tataramon na ini kan mga pabula ni Esopo. Ibinungsod an babasahon sa [[Better Living Through Xeroxography Naga]] kan Disyembre 10, 2016 sa Anthosia Cafe sa [[Syudad nin Naga]].
Kansyon na ginibo saka kinanta ni [https://www.facebook.com/share/v/19qUgPrdFy/ Elmer Caparanga] na ipinublikar Facebook websayt kan Oktobre 8, 2022 na ginibohan ni interpretasyon sa Inglis ni Alfonso Claveria na “Twilight"<ref name=":0" />
==Bokabularyo==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Bikol Buhi !! Bikol Sentral
|-
| ʔaˈko || akó
|-
| ʔiˈka || iká
|-
| ʔiˈja || siyá
|-
| kiˈta || kitá
|-
| siˈra || sindá
|-
| ʔamwaˈdi (literal na ‘Ining ini (harani sa parataram)’;<br/> cf. [ʔaˈdi] ) || iní
|-
| ʔamwaˈʔan ( literal na ‘Uning uni (harani sa pinapadarahan)’; <br/> cf. [ʔaˈʔan] ) || uni
|-
| diˈdi || d(igdí)
|-
| ʔadˈto (harayuon gikan sa parehas na parataram asin pinapadar(a)han) || dumán
|-
| siʔiˈsai || si isáy
|-
| ʔoˈno || áno
|-
| saʔˈri || sàin (kun matukdô nin direksiyon) <br/> háin, nasàin (kun mahanap nin bagay/gamit/tao)
|-
| kinaʔoˈno || nùarin
|-
| paʔoˈno || pâno
|-
| ʔinˈdiʔ || dài
|-
| ŋaʔˈmin || gabós, ánas
|-
| mariˈɡən^ || dakól
|-
| naŋaɡˌkapiˈra || nagkapirá
|-
| ʔaɡˈbai || (ka)dikít, (ka)dìit
|-
| ʔiˈba || ibá
|-
| ʔәˈsad^^|| sarô
|-
| doˈwa || duwá
|-
| toˈlo || tuló
|-
| ʔәˈpat || apát
|-
| liˈma || limá
|-
| dakəˈɣəʔ || dakulà
|-
| ʔalaˈbaʔ || halabà
|-
| maʔiˈwas || mahiwas, halakbáng
|-
| maiʔˈbәɡ || mahìbog
|-
| mabәʔˈɡat || magabát
|-
| saˈdai || sadít, sadáy
|-
| ʔaliʔˈpot || halìpot
|-
| piɡiˈpit || piot, hayàpit
|-
| maniˈpis (kahibugan talaga; e.g. manipis na libro; manipis na buhok) || mahimpís, manipís
|-
| babaˈji || babayi
|-
| laɣaˈki || lalaki
|-
| taˈwo || tawo
|}
[[Ladawan:A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary by Yukihiro Yamada Screenshots of pages 13 & 14.jpg|thumb|Kopya kan pagina 12-13 kan sinorat na pag adal ni Propisor Yamada kung sain sinorat niya an pagliwat kan pagsorat kan tataramon na Boie’nen na gamit sana an sarong manwal na makinilya asin pinadara niya sa koreo ki Alfonso Claveria, sarong taga Buhi na namundag kan 1953, na iyo man an nagpublikar na kan parti kan listahan kan tataramon na Boie'nen ni Propisor Yamada sa www.buhi.com/yamada/ ]]
An tataramon na [https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/about Boie’nen o Binoie’nen] dai minagamit kan tanog kan letrang /h/ na kinompirma ini ni Propisor Yamada kan taon 1972<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/share/19tkqMZJh7/?mibextid=wwXIfr Buhi Vocabulary List, Yamada 1972]</ref>
*Si Popisor Yukihiro Yamada an nagsorat kan pinakaenot na pagadal kan tataramon na Boie’nen kan 1972: (''[https://www.buhi.com/yamada/ A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary]'') na igwang 513 tataramon (lexemes) na pinubnlikar sa ''Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Kochi University, No. 24, Series 1'' (pagina 12-41) na sinoratan niya nin mga pagliwat kan inapod niyang “ordinary writing” asin pindara ki Alfonso Claveria.[[Ladawan:Copy of the Mailing Envelope of Professor Yamada for Alfonso Claveria.jpg|thumb|Kopya kan sobre sa pinadarang kopya ni Propisor Yamada ki Alfonso Claveria kan artikulo niyang “A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary (1972) kung sain sinorat niya an mga pagliwat para sa “ordinaryong pagsorat” sa tataramon na Boie’nen kung sain pweding gamiton sana an sarong ordinaryong makinilya.]]
*^- intensifier; 'Napaka' pag igwang kaibang saróng pang-uri o pantipo; '(Ka)dakol' pag kaiba an saróng numero kan pangngaran.
* ^^ - naproprodusir kan parataram iyo an [ʔiˈsad]
==Toltolan==
<small>{{reflist|2}}</small>
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[https://livingdictionaries.app/boienen-old-buhi-langua/about Boie'nen (Old-Buhi Language)]
*[http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/language.htm Our Buhi Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830122155/http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/language.htm |date=2014-08-30 }} ni Benjamin A. Claveria
*[https://marayum.ph/front_matter/bikol-boienen-english/ Old Boie'nen Dictionary Project]
*[https://www.buhi.com/yamada/ A Buhi Bikol Vocabulary by Yukihiro Yamada] sa websay na [https://buhi.com Buhi Online (BOL)]
*[http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/yamada A Buhi Bicol Vocabulary ni Yukihiro Yamada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409122159/http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com/yamada/ |date=2014-04-09 }} sa websayt na [http://buhiclaveria.tripod.com The Claveria Heritage]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ubl Buhi Bikol] sa [http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue][[Kategorya:Mga tataramon sa Bikol]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/1403229279894975 Banwaang Mauyay] - sarong grupo nin parataram sa Buhi Bikol sa [http://www.facebook.com Facebook]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXqZB2J8oxk Buhi, Banwaan Ko BANWAAN] (tataramon asin musika ni Bides asin dugang na rap ni Reddzmack) - sarong kanta sa [http://www.youtube.com Youtube]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjE3axlw2Mg Sarong klasikong kantang Buhinon] sa sa [http://www.youtube.com Youtube]
{{Mga tataramon na Filipino}}
{{Mga tataramon kan Filipinas}}
{{Mga tataramon na Bikol}}
{{tataramon-saringsing}}
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon sa Bikol]]
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Johnny Alegre
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<!--[[Ladawan:Johnny Alegre.jpg|right|thumbnail|Johnny Alegre]]
-->
{{Infobox person
| name = Johnny Alegre
| image = Johnny Alegre.jpg
| alt = Johnny Alegre
| caption =
| birth_name = ''Juan Bautista Alegre y Hernaez''
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|6|4|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pasay]], [[Filipinas]]
| baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->
| nationality = Filipino
| citizenship = Filipino
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Unibersidad kan Pilipinas]]
| organization = [[meta:PhilWiki_Community/Membership|PhilWiki Community]]
| agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| known_for =
| notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" -->
| style =
| net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| television =
| spouse = Jocelyn Albao Alegre
| mother = Teodora Hernaez de Alegre
| father = [[:en:Narciso J. Alegre|Narciso Joseph Alegre y Sargent]]
| relatives = [[Juan Alegre|Juan Bautista Alegre y Levantino]] (lolo), [[:en:Narciso J. Alegre|Narciso Joseph Alegre y Sargent]] (ama)
| family =
| callsign =
| awards =
| website = {{URL|www.johnnyalegre.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed=yes
| genre = [[:en:Jazz|Jazz]], [[:en:World_music#World_fusion|World Fusion]]
| occupation = Parasurat, Gitarista, Kompositor
| instrument = [[:en:Guitar|Gitara]], [[:en:Keyboards|Keyboards]]
| years_active = [[1981]]-hasta ngonian
| label = [[:en:Candid_Records_(UK)_albums_discography|Candid Records (UK)]], [[:en:MCA Music Inc. (Philippines)|MCA]]
| associated_acts = [[:en:Johnny Alegre Affinity|Johnny Alegre AFFINITY]]
[[:en:Humanfolk|HUMANFOLK]]
Absolute Zero
}}
}}
Si '''Juan Bautista H. Alegre (III)''' (namundag kan [[Hunyo 4]], [[1955]]), midbid bilang '''Johnny Alegre''', sarong gitarista nin jazz, kompositor asin parasurat kan [[Manila]], Filipinas. Siya an panginot na paratogtog kan grupong [[:en:Johnny Alegre Affinity|Johnny Alegre AFFINITY]] asin kan [[:en:Humanfolk|HUMANFOLK]].
Kan [[1974]], nagawadan nin ikaduwang premyo an saiyang dula na may sarong-tagbô sa 1974 [[Gawad Pagromdom ki Carlos Palanca para sa Literatura]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220125010416/http:/www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/palanca-awardee/directory-of-palanca-winners The Don Carlos Palanca Awards, 1974 (taytay kan nanggarana)] web.archive.org</ref> Siya nagin man presidente kan [[:meta:Wiki_Society_of_the_Philippines|Wikimedia Philippines]] (2014-2015) asin [[metawiki:PhilWiki_Community|PhilWiki Community]] (2022-2023).
Siya makuapo kan dating [[Senado kan Filipinas|senador]] kan [[Filipinas]] na si [[Juan Alegre]] ([[1922]]-[[1925]]), ([[1925]]-[[1928]]).
== Karera ==
[[File:McClure-Alegre-Hart.JPG|thumb|left|260x260px|Si Johnny Alegre (tahaw) kaiba an basistang si [[:en:Ron McClure|Ron McClure]] (wala) asin drummer na si [[:en:Billy Hart|Billy Hart]] (too) sa [[Syudad_nin_Nueva_York|Nueva York]] kan sinda nagrekord kan ''Johnny Alegre 3'' para sa [[:en:MCA Music (Philippines)|MCA]].]]
Nag-adal si Alegre nin komposisyon sa musika sa [[Unibersidad kan Pilipinas]] Kolehiyo kan Musika sa mga huring taon ka dekada 1970. Saro siya sa mga kagtugdas kan U.P. Jazz Ensemble.<ref name="AAJ">{{cite web
|title=Johnny Alegre
|url=https://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/johnnyalegre
|website=All About Jazz
|accessdate=4 March 2019
|archive-date=2 May 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502154958/https://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/johnnyalegre
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> Siya nagpartisipar sa mga workshop kan kompositor na si [[:en:Erhard Karkoschka|Erhard Karkoschka]], gitaristang si [[:en:Ike Isaacs (gitarist)|Ike Isaacs]], asin kompositor na si [[:en:Chou Wen-chung|Chou Wen-chung]].
Kan Mayo 2002, si Alegre tinugdas an [[:en:Johnny Alegre Affinity|''Johnny Alegre AFFINITY'']] kaiba si Colby de la Calzada, drummer na si Koko Bermejo, pianistang si Elhmir Saison, asun saxophonist na si [[:en:Tots Tolentino|Tots Tolentino]]. An saindang inot na rekord, "Stones of Intramuros", isinurat ni Alegre, kabali sa [[:en:Special_edition|limited edition]] Philippine jazz anthology na ''[[:en:Adobo Jazz (anthology series)|Adobo Jazz: A Portrait of the Filipino as a Jazz Artist (Vol. 1)]]''.<ref>{{cite news
|last=Ramos
|first=Cris
|title=Adobo Jazz and Dinuguang improvisation
|page=C8
|newspaper=The Manila Times
|location=Manila, Philippines
|date=1 November 2003}}</ref>
An sadiring-tituladong album na ''Johnny Alegre AFFINITY'' ipinublikar sa [[Filipinas]] katahawan kan 2005 kan Candid Records Philippines; asin ipinaluwas-liwat sa [[Inglatera]] kan parehong taon kan [[:en:Candid_Records_(UK)_albums_discography|Candid Records (UK)]]<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Johnny Alegre
|url=http://store.candidrecords.com/index.php?route=product/category&path=61
|website=store.candidrecords.com
|access-date=2021-06-15
|archive-date=2021-05-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518181725/http://store.candidrecords.com/index.php?route=product/category&path=61
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> para sa pangkinaban na distribusyon bilang ''Jazzhound''. Nasundan ini kan pagpasali kaini sa [[:en:PizzaExpress|PizzaExpress]] Jazz Club sa [[Londres]] kaiba an guest saxophonist na si Dimitri Vassilakis.
==Diskograpiya==
<small>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Album
! Katalogo/UPC No.
! Label
! Taon
|-
| ''Stones of Intramuros'' (single) Track 9 <br/>[[Adobo Jazz (anthology series)|Adobo Jazz: A Portrait of the Filipino as a Jazz Artist, Vol. 1]]
|
| IndiRa Records
| 2002
|-
| ''Johnny Alegre AFFINITY''<ref>{{Citation|title=Johnny Alegre – Affinity (2005, CD)|url=https://www.discogs.com/Johnny-Alegre-Affinity/release/15085873}}</ref>
| CAN-KC-5001
| Candid Records Philippines
| 2005
|-
| ''Jazzhound'' ([[UK]] release)<ref>{{Citation|title=Johnny Alegre Affinity - Jazzhound|url=https://daddykool.com/UPC/708857984220}}</ref>
| CCD 79842
| [[:en:Candid_Records_(UK)_albums_discography|Candid Records (UK)]]
| 2005
|-
| ''Jazzhound (radio edit, single)'' Track 4<br>''[[:en:World Wide Fund for Nature#Promotions|Environmentally Sound: A Select Anthology of Songs Inspired by the Earth]]''<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wwf.org.ph/newsfacts.php?pg=det&id=25
|title=The Harmonics of being Environmentally Sound
|date=18 August 2006
|publisher=[[World Wildlife Fund]] - Philippines
|access-date=1 November 2022
|archive-date=20 July 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720233747/http://www.wwf.org.ph/newsfacts.php?pg=det&id=25
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref>
|
| [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]]
| 2006
|-
| ''Eastern Skies''<ref name="eastern">{{Citation|title=Johnny Alegre – Eastern Skies (2007, CD)|url=https://www.discogs.com/Johnny-Alegre-Eastern-Skies/release/15085924}}</ref>
| CAN-KC-5006
| [[:en:Candid Records (UK)|Candid]]
| 2007
|-
| ''Johnny Alegre 3'' <ref>{{Citation
|title=Johnny Alegre 3 - Johnny Alegre {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic
|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/johnny-alegre-3-mw0001996031}}</ref>
| UPC:00600753200070
| [[:en:MCA Music (Philippines)|MCA]]
| 2009
|-
| Mammals<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Wilderness' profile page for Japan Music Week 2010
|url=https://pating.tumblr.com/post/1248942669
|website=pating.tumblr.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Mammals' itinerary: Japan Music Week 2010
|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/802814900551251/
|website=Mammals Musik}}</ref>
| [[:en:Japan Music Week|Japan Music Week]]
| PH AFFINITY Productions
| 2010
|-
| ''Humanfolk''<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Human + Folk = Pinoy World Music
|url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/news/blogs/cokemusicstudio/human-folk-pinoy-world-music-070811280.html
|website=ph.news.yahoo.com}}</ref>
| UPC:00600753330432
| [[:en:MCA Music (Philippines)|MCA]]
| 2011
|-
| ''Stories''<ref name=stories>{{cite web
|url=https://adobomagazine.com/philippine-news/album-review-stories-johnny-alegre-affinity
|archive-date=2019-03-06
|title=Album Review: 'Stories' by Johnny Alegre AFFINITY
|publisher=adobomagazine.com
|date=2014-02-06
|accessdate=2014-12-23
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306174831/https://adobomagazine.com/philippine-news/album-review-stories-johnny-alegre-affinity
|dead-url=unfit
}}</ref><ref name=opmfaves>{{Cite web
|last=Dosmanos
|first=Jackie
|date=2014-04-06
|title=CD reviews: Johnny Alegre, Beyonce, OPM faves
|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/04/06/14/cd-reviews-johnny-alegre-beyonce-opm-faves
|website=ABS-CBN News
|language=en}}</ref>
| UPC:00602537694600
| [[:en:MCA Music (Philippines)|MCA]]
| 2014
|-
| ''"ILWY"'' (vinyl)<ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/363905/johnny-alegre-revives-underground-radio-hit/
|title = Johnny Alegre revives underground radio hit
|date=6 June 2020
|publisher = Inquirer.net Lifestyle
|accessdate = 8 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/06/05/20/pinoy-rock-70s-classic-now-available-on-vinyl-44-years-later
|title = Pinoy rock '70s classic now available on vinyl 44 years later
|publisher = ABS-CBN News
|accessdate = 6 June 2020 }}</ref>
| HOURGLASS001
| Hourglass
| 2020
|-
| ''Johnny Alegre AFFINITY (2LP)''<ref>
{{cite web
|url= https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/02/22/johnny-alegres-affinity-out-on-vinyl-this-october-2
|title = Jazz masterpiece 'Affinity' by Johnny Alegre out on vinyl this October 2
|publisher = ABS-CBN News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url= https://www.ourbrew.ph/on-vinyl-affinity-is-a-sonic-masterpiece/
|title = On Vinyl, “Affinity” is a Sonic Masterpiece
|publisher = ourbrew.ph}}</ref>
| JAA-001-BR
| Backspacer Records<ref>
{{cite web
|url= https://www.adobomagazine.com/press-release/brand-business-sony-music-taps-backspacer-records-as-the-official-distributor-of-adeles-best-selling-lp-30/
|title = Brand & Business: Sony Music taps Backspacer Records
|date= 6 December 2021
|publisher = AdoboMagazine.com}}</ref>
| 2022
|}
</small>
==Mga gawad==
<small>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Taon
! Gawad
|-
| 1974
| Don Carlos [[Palanca Awards]] for Literature, One-Act Play (English) Division, 2nd Place<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/palanca-awardee/directory-of-palanca-winners
|title=The Don Carlos Palanca Awards / 1974
|website=palancaawards.com.ph
|access-date=2022-11-07
|archive-date=2022-01-25
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125010416/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/palanca-awardee/directory-of-palanca-winners
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref>
|-
| 1982
| ''Foremost Exponent of Jazz'' awarded by the Philippine Ministry of Tourism at the 1st [[Cebu]] Jazz Festival
|-
| 2006
| Award Of Excellence ''for Exemplary Musicianship'' by WWF Philippines for his musical support of the "For A Living Planet" advocacy.
|-
| 2010
| Plaque of Appreciation for his musical support of the [[:en:Climate Change|Climate Change]] advocacy from a combined Oxfam and Dakila initiative.
|-
| 2012
| [[:en:25th Awit Awards|Awit Awards]],<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.awitawards.com.ph/winners25th.html
| title=List of Winners, The 25th Awit Awards
| website=awitawards.com.ph }}</ref> Best World Music Recording, ''Humanfolk'', [[:en:Philippine Association of the Record Industry|Philippine Association of the Record Industry]]
|-
| rowspan=2|2013
| Icon Award, 8th Philippine International Jazz and Arts Festival<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://kkjazzfest.com/johnny-alegre-trio
| title=Johnny Alegre Trio
| website=kkjazzfest.com }}</ref>
|-
<!--| 2013-->
| Best Performer Award, [[:en:Kansai Music Conference|Kansai Music Conference]]<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.kansaimusicconference.com/musicawards.html
| title=KMC Music Awards
| website=kansaimusicconference.com
| access-date=2022-11-07
| archive-date=2016-03-03
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212522/http://www.kansaimusicconference.com/musicawards.html
| dead-url=unfit
}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2014
| [[:en:Aliw Awards|Aliw Awards]], Best Instrumentalist<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/12/07/1399836/jed-2014-aliw-awards-entertainer-year
| title=2014 Aliw Awards
| website=The Philippine Star
| date=2014
| access-date=2022-11-07
| archive-date=2021-05-04
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504122040/https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/12/07/1399836/jed-2014-aliw-awards-entertainer-year
| dead-url=unfit
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.pep.ph/guide/music/15021/jed-madela-wins-top-honor-at-27th-aliw-awards-baby-barredo-boy-abunda-lea-salonga--john-lesaca-named-lifetime-achievement-awardees
| title=Jed Madela wins top honor at 27th Aliw Awards
| website=Philippine Entertainment Portal
| access-date=2022-11-07
| archive-date=2019-03-06
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111525/https://www.pep.ph/guide/music/15021/jed-madela-wins-top-honor-at-27th-aliw-awards-baby-barredo-boy-abunda-lea-salonga--john-lesaca-named-lifetime-achievement-awardees
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.lionheartv.net/2014/12/full-list-winners-27th-aliw-awards/
| title=Full List of Winners of 27th Aliw Awards
| website=lionheartv.net | date=11 December 2014
}}</ref>
|-
<!-- | 2014 -->
| Living the Credo Award, [[:en:Upsilon Sigma Phi]] Alumni Association
|-
| 2016
| Outstanding Professional Award, [[Superbrands]] Philippines Council<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://smiphl.com/professionals.html
| title=Outstanding Professional Award
| website=Superbrands_Council
| access-date=2022-11-07
| archive-date=2016-10-11
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011142757/http://smiphl.com/professionals.html
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2019
| Inspiring Leadership Award, [[Rotary International]]<ref>{{cite web
|title=Rotary International
|url=https://www.rotary.org/en
|website=Rotary.org
|access-date=2022-11-07
|archive-date=2021-05-04
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504124602/https://www.rotary.org/en
|dead-url=unfit
}}</ref>
|-
<!--| 2019-->
| [[:en:Paul Harris (Rotary)#Fellow|Paul Harris Fellow]],<ref>{{cite web
|title=Paul Harris Fellow Recognition
|url=https://www.rotary.org/en/history-paul-harris-fellow-recognition
|archive-date=2021-05-02
|website=Rotary.org
|access-date=2022-11-07
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502162416/https://www.rotary.org/en/history-paul-harris-fellow-recognition
|dead-url=unfit
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title=Paul Harris Society
|url=https://www.rotary.org/en/about-rotary/history/paul-harris-society
|website=Rotary.org
|access-date=2022-11-07
|archive-date=2021-05-04
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504130241/https://www.rotary.org/en/about-rotary/history/paul-harris-society
|dead-url=unfit
}}</ref> The Rotary Foundation<ref>{{cite web
|title=The Rotary Foundation
|url=https://www.rotary.org/en/about-rotary/rotary-foundation
|website=Rotary.org
|access-date=2022-11-07
|archive-date=2021-05-04
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504131356/https://www.rotary.org/en/about-rotary/rotary-foundation
|dead-url=unfit
}}</ref>
|}
</small>
===Mga letra hali sa UNESCO===
Ang mga letra nin pagbisto hali sa [[UNESCO]] ''Goodwill Ambassador for Inter-Cultural Dialogue'' na si [[Herbie Hancock]]; para sa mantinidong pakikisaro ni Johnny Alegre sa [[International Jazz Day]].
* [https://archive.org/details/2015-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2015-jun-01 ''2015'' ]
* [https://archive.org/details/2019-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2019-aug-09 ''2019'' ]
* [https://archive.org/details/2020-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2020-dec-23 ''2020'' ]
* [https://archive.org/details/2022-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2022-aug-08 ''2022'' ]
* [https://archive.org/details/2023-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2023-dec-08 ''2023'' ]
* [https://archive.org/details/2024-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2024-dec-12 ''2024'' ]
* [https://archive.org/details/2025-jazz-day-letter-to-johnny-alegre-2025-aug-29 ''2025'' ]
==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan==
<gallery>
File:Alegre family emblem.jpg|Historikal na senyal nin pamilya Alegre kan [[:en:Villarroya de los Pinares|Villarroya de los Pinares]]
File:15-05-17-conference-berlin-RalfR-N3S 7116.jpg|Si Johnny Alegre sa 2015 Wikimedia Conference sa Berlin
File:2014 Waray Wikipedia Edit-a-thon 38.JPG|Si Johnny Alegre sa 2014 Waray Wikipedia, 11th Sunrise Festival
File:Humanfolk.JPG|[[:en:Humanfolk|HUMANFOLK]] na proyekto ni Johnny Alegre
File:Wikimedia_Summit_2022_Saturday-25.jpg|Si Johnny Alegre sa 2022 Wikimedia Summit sa Berlin
</gallery>
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist|2}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website|http://www.johnnyalegre.com}}
* {{AllMusic|artist|johnny-alegre-mn0002059265|Johnny Alegre}}
* {{ReverbNation | johnnyalegre | Johnny Alegre }}
* {{Twitter | JohnnyAlegre | Johnny Alegre }}
{{poon}}
lpyvgjnqnec7342lt6cvh1y99o7xqb2
Plantilya:Country data Philippines
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Replacing Flag_of_the_First_Spanish_Republic.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Spain_(1873–1874).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]]).
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{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
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| flag alias-aguinaldo = Philippines Flag Original.svg
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| flag alias-1908 = US flag 46 stars.svg
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| flag alias-1936 = Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg
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| flag alias-1986 = Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the Philippine Air Force.svg
| link alias-air force = Philippine Air Force
| flag alias-army=Flag of the Philippine Army.svg
| flag alias-marines=Flag of the Philippine Marine Corps.png
| link alias-marines=Philippine Marine Corps
| flag alias-military=Flag of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.svg
| link alias-military=Philippine Armed Forces
| flag alias-navy=Flag of the Philippine Navy.png
| link alias-navy=Philippine Navy
| link alias-army = Philippine Army
| link alias-naval = Philippine Navy
| link alias-basketball = Philippines {{{mw|men's}}} national {{{age|}}} basketball team
| size = {{{size|}}}
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<noinclude>
| var1 = 1535
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</noinclude>
}}
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Wikipedia:Lua
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{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Lua input limitations ===
Lua code in Scribunto is only run when the page is being parsed. Therefore, the only user input that Lua can receive is by ''page editing'' - it cannot create a box that calculates the square root of a number you type in, or recalculate a piece of the Mandelbrot set depending on which part of the parent set you click on. The input Lua can receive includes any transcludeable text page on Wikipedia. This does ''not'' include graphics files (not even [[Wikipedia:SVG help|.SVG]] files, although they are actually text, unless you cut and paste it onto a Wiki text page), the list of pages listed in a [[Help:Category|category]], nor the contents of [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Special pages|non-transcludeable]] [[Help:Special|special pages]].
=== Wikitext ===
Transcluded Wikipedia headers frequently contain a hidden code such as "UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU" which may need to be stripped out in order for them to be parsed effectively.
Wikilinks of the [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] '''<nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Help|]]</nowiki>''' won't work if returned as output - they need to be written explicitly as '''<nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Help|Help]]</nowiki>'''. Other pre-save transforms, such as replacing <code>~~<nowiki/>~~</code> with signatures, will also fail to be processed. Template transclusions, parser function calls, and variable substitutions (i.e. anything with a <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) will not be processed, nor will tags such as {{tag|ref|o}} or {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Labeling converted templates ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Please place the {{tl|lua}} template on the documentation subpage of all templates that use Lua. It will help to better communicate Lua usage and template conversions.
{{clear}}
== See also ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; English Wikipedia-specific resources
* [[Help:Lua debugging]] – a how-to guide about [[debugging]] Lua modules
* [[Module:Sandbox]] provides a pseudo-namespace for experimenting with Lua modules
* [[WP:Lua requests]] – requests for Lua-based templates or tasks
* [[:Category:Lua-based templates]] – groups of Lua-based templates
* [[:Category:Lua metamodules]] –
;MediaWiki Lua documentation
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – standards to improve the readability of code through consistency
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Lua input limitations ===
Lua code in Scribunto is only run when the page is being parsed. Therefore, the only user input that Lua can receive is by ''page editing'' - it cannot create a box that calculates the square root of a number you type in, or recalculate a piece of the Mandelbrot set depending on which part of the parent set you click on. The input Lua can receive includes any transcludeable text page on Wikipedia. This does ''not'' include graphics files (not even [[Wikipedia:SVG help|.SVG]] files, although they are actually text, unless you cut and paste it onto a Wiki text page), the list of pages listed in a [[Help:Category|category]], nor the contents of [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Special pages|non-transcludeable]] [[Help:Special|special pages]].
=== Wikitext ===
Transcluded Wikipedia headers frequently contain a hidden code such as "UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU" which may need to be stripped out in order for them to be parsed effectively.
Wikilinks of the [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] '''<nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Help|]]</nowiki>''' won't work if returned as output - they need to be written explicitly as '''<nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Help|Help]]</nowiki>'''. Other pre-save transforms, such as replacing <code>~~<nowiki/>~~</code> with signatures, will also fail to be processed. Template transclusions, parser function calls, and variable substitutions (i.e. anything with a <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) will not be processed, nor will tags such as {{tag|ref|o}} or {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Labeling converted templates ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Please place the {{tl|lua}} template on the documentation subpage of all templates that use Lua. It will help to better communicate Lua usage and template conversions.
{{clear}}
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Lua input limitations ===
Lua code in Scribunto is only run when the page is being parsed. Therefore, the only user input that Lua can receive is by ''page editing'' - it cannot create a box that calculates the square root of a number you type in, or recalculate a piece of the Mandelbrot set depending on which part of the parent set you click on. The input Lua can receive includes any transcludeable text page on Wikipedia. This does ''not'' include graphics files (not even [[Wikipedia:SVG help|.SVG]] files, although they are actually text, unless you cut and paste it onto a Wiki text page), the list of pages listed in a [[Help:Category|category]], nor the contents of [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Special pages|non-transcludeable]] [[Help:Special|special pages]].
=== Wikitext ===
Transcluded Wikipedia headers frequently contain a hidden code such as "UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU" which may need to be stripped out in order for them to be parsed effectively.
Wikilinks of the [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] '''<nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Help|]]</nowiki>''' won't work if returned as output - they need to be written explicitly as '''<nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Help|Help]]</nowiki>'''. Other pre-save transforms, such as replacing <code>~~<nowiki/>~~</code> with signatures, will also fail to be processed. Template transclusions, parser function calls, and variable substitutions (i.e. anything with a <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) will not be processed, nor will tags such as {{tag|ref|o}} or {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
485qb8uqp1afl0wlmdvo08ag01n99nc
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Nimmzo
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/* Wikitext */ Localized. string.reverse("UNIQ") is "QINU"
307472
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Lua input limitations ===
Lua code in Scribunto is only run when the page is being parsed. Therefore, the only user input that Lua can receive is by ''page editing'' - it cannot create a box that calculates the square root of a number you type in, or recalculate a piece of the Mandelbrot set depending on which part of the parent set you click on. The input Lua can receive includes any transcludeable text page on Wikipedia. This does ''not'' include graphics files (not even [[Wikipedia:SVG help|.SVG]] files, although they are actually text, unless you cut and paste it onto a Wiki text page), the list of pages listed in a [[Help:Category|category]], nor the contents of [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Special pages|non-transcludeable]] [[Help:Special|special pages]].
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
40fb9yda61kbalwgoskoe1y9rj40tty
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/* Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua */ square root → Fahrenheit
307507
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
The input Lua can receive includes any transcludeable text page on Wikipedia. This does ''not'' include graphics files (not even [[Wikipedia:SVG help|.SVG]] files, although they are actually text, unless you cut and paste it onto a Wiki text page), the list of pages listed in a [[Help:Category|category]], nor the contents of [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Special pages|non-transcludeable]] [[Help:Special|special pages]].
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
rk3axanmiudtwl9o6kle16xails5e52
307508
307507
2026-07-21T21:20:14Z
Nimmzo
32112
/* Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua */ +[[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]]
307508
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
mekmfi392z0a8vp9uwyqlhmxujvu5vh
307509
307508
2026-07-21T21:29:50Z
Nimmzo
32112
/* Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua */ +Lua function toCelsius(°F) → °C
307509
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Wikipedia-specific features ==
Overall: Lua can only get input as text strings passed to the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> and what can be fetched via mw.title.new(...):getContent() and frame:expandTemplate(). Lua output will not be preprocessed unless frame:preprocess() is explicitly called, meaning that template calls, parser functions, etc. in the output will not work correctly. Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see {{section link|mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Differences from standard Lua}}).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya */ +[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]] +[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua]]
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== History ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Sordid history]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], wiki scripting language debated (JavaScript v. Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], Tim writes [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] with initial support for Lua.
Discussed for years, Lua was installed in 2012 for testing on [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], with open invitation to all editors to experiment with developing Lua modules. Lua was installed on the English Wikipedia in February 2013, after testing on mediawiki.org and Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* Kasaysayan */ -Sordid? +[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates]]
307511
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Request a script ==
Visit '''[[Wikipedia:Lua requests]]''' to request help in writing a Lua script to perform a specific task on Wikipedia or another Wikimedia Foundation project.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* Mangaro sang script */ +[[:en:Wikipedia:Lua requests]] is redirected to [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]
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text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== About Lua ==
:''See also [[:File:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|Brad Jorsch's short presentation for a basic example of how to convert a wikitext template into a Lua module.]]''
Lua is a [[scripting language]] which can be used to analyze data, calculate expressions, and format results using functions or [[object-oriented programming]]. Although some Lua scripts can be kept simple, for easy understanding, Lua allows complex structures including tables, dynamic functions, and [[associative array]]s where index [[subscript]]s can be words as well as index numbers. Lua also supports [[recursion]] of re-nested functions, so care should be taken to avoid excessive complexity where other users would not understand how to maintain a Lua module. The following is an example of Lua [[source code]] for a [[hello world]] function contained in [[Module:HelloWorld]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* Tungkol sa Lua */ +[[Ladawan:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf]]
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text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== Tungkol sa Lua ==
Magkakita rin Maikling presentasyon ni Brad Jorsch para sa mas klaro nga halimbawa kung paano [[:file:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|i-konvert ang wikitext template]] ngadto sa Lua module.
Ang Lua kay a [[scripting language]] nga magagamit pag-aralan ang data, magkwenta sang mga expression, kag mag-format sang resulta gamit ang functions o [[object-oriented programming]]. Maskin ang ara sang iban nga Lua script puwede ipabilin nga simple, para sa sayon nga pagsabat, ang Lua nagtugot sang mas komplikado nga mga estruktura pareho sang tables, dynamic functions, kag [[associative array]]s diin ang index nga [[subscript]]s pwede maging mga pulong kag mga index number.
Ang Lua nagpapalab-ot man sang [[recursion]] sang re-nested functions, gani kinahanglan magpili sang pag-amping para indi mag-ampon sang sobra nga ka-komplikado nga indi masabtan sang sang iban nga mga gumagamit kag paano mag-maintain sang Lua module.
Ang sunod amo ang halimbawa sang Lua source code para sa sini nga function nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
A sample of Lua is highlighted by tag "<source lang="lua">...</source>" placed around the Lua source code. To view some more complex examples of Lua, see article: "[[Lua (programming language)]]".
For instructions on how to use Lua within MediaWiki (and hence Wikipedia), see [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* Tungkol sa Lua */ <source lang="lua"> → <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>. More complex samples would be developed later.
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== Tungkol sa Lua ==
Magkakita rin Maikling presentasyon ni Brad Jorsch para sa mas klaro nga halimbawa kung paano [[:file:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|i-konvert ang wikitext template]] ngadto sa Lua module.
Ang Lua kay a [[scripting language]] nga magagamit pag-aralan ang data, magkwenta sang mga expression, kag mag-format sang resulta gamit ang functions o [[object-oriented programming]]. Maskin ang ara sang iban nga Lua script puwede ipabilin nga simple, para sa sayon nga pagsabat, ang Lua nagtugot sang mas komplikado nga mga estruktura pareho sang tables, dynamic functions, kag [[associative array]]s diin ang index nga [[subscript]]s pwede maging mga pulong kag mga index number.
Ang Lua nagpapalab-ot man sang [[recursion]] sang re-nested functions, gani kinahanglan magpili sang pag-amping para indi mag-ampon sang sobra nga ka-komplikado nga indi masabtan sang sang iban nga mga gumagamit kag paano mag-maintain sang Lua module.
Ang sunod amo ang halimbawa sang Lua source code para sa sini nga function nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable that will hold their
-- externally accessible functions. They can have any name and may also hold data.
my_object = {}
-- Add a function to the variable. These are callable in Wikipedia via the #invoke command.
-- "frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia sends this function when it is called.
my_object.hello = function(frame)
-- Declare a local variable and assign data to it.
local str = "Hello World!"
-- Quit this function and send the information in "str" back to Wikipedia.
-- The "print" function is not allowed, so all output is accomplished via
-- returning strings in this fashion.
return str
-- End the function.
end
-- All modules end by returning the variable containing its functions to Wikipedia.
return my_object
-- We can now use this module by calling {{#invoke: HelloWorld | hello }}.
-- The #invoke command begins with the module's name, in this case "HelloWorld",
-- then takes the name of one of its functions as an argument, in this case "hello".
</syntaxhighlight>
Ang iban nga sample sang Lua gin-highlight sang tag <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy> ... </syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> nga ginbutang palibot sang Lua source code.
Para sa mga panuto kung paano gamiton ang Lua sulod sang MediaWiki (kag amo man sa Wikipedya), tan-awa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* Tungkol sa Lua */ Module:HelloWorld does not need to be created because it is essentially like [[Module:Bananas]], just in a more complex form. Here, `my_object` is used instead of the standard `(p)ackage` table `p`, and an anonymous function is used instead of the simpler `function p.hello() ... end`. The main information is missing: the `frame` parameter has been added, but it is never used. A reader might reasonably expect a brief explanation of what the `Module:Bananas` call above does.
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{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is a programming language that is now available, via the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] MediaWiki extension, on the English Wikipedia. Lua code can now be embedded into wiki templates by employing the "<nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki>" functionality of Scribunto. This extension supports Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
== Running a module ==
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== Tungkol sa Lua ==
Magkakita rin Maikling presentasyon ni Brad Jorsch para sa mas klaro nga halimbawa kung paano [[:file:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|i-konvert ang wikitext template]] ngadto sa Lua module.
Ang Lua kay a [[scripting language]] nga magagamit pag-aralan ang data, magkwenta sang mga expression, kag mag-format sang resulta gamit ang functions o [[object-oriented programming]]. Maskin ang ara sang iban nga Lua script puwede ipabilin nga simple, para sa sayon nga pagsabat, ang Lua nagtugot sang mas komplikado nga mga estruktura pareho sang tables, dynamic functions, kag [[associative array]]s diin ang index nga [[subscript]]s pwede maging mga pulong kag mga index number.
Ang Lua nagpapalab-ot man sang [[recursion]] sang re-nested functions, gani kinahanglan magpili sang pag-amping para indi mag-ampon sang sobra nga ka-komplikado nga indi masabtan sang sang iban nga mga gumagamit kag paano mag-maintain sang Lua module.
Ang sunod amo ang halimbawa sang Lua source code para sa sini nga function nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=4>
--[[Module:Bananas]]--
local p = {} -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Para sa unit tests, tan-awa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]]
function p.hello()
return "Hello, world!" -- nagabalik "Kamusta, kalibutan!"
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Ang iban nga sample sang Lua gin-highlight sang tag <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy> ... </syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> nga ginbutang palibot sang Lua source code.
Para sa mga panuto kung paano gamiton ang Lua sulod sang MediaWiki (kag amo man sa Wikipedya), tan-awa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* lead section */ Moved 🍌 to /* "Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua */ instead of "Running a module". Added <br /> to start the next line in column 1: it could be easier to read.
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{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
Ang [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] amo ang programming language nga yara na subong, paagi sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga extension sang MediaWiki, sa Wikipedya.<br />
Pwede na isulod ang Lua nga code sa wiki templates pinaagi sa paggamit sang <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> nga kapasidad sang Scribunto.<br />
Ini nga extension nagasuporta sang Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
== "Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua ==
The Lua [[source code]] is stored in pages called modules (e.g., [[Module:Bananas]]). These individual modules are then invoked (by code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>) on template pages (e.g. [[Module:Bananas/doc]] uses the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> to print the text "Hello, world!").
Modules are run on normal wiki pages using the #invoke parser function. The syntax of #invoke is similar to template syntax, but with some differences. The most important difference is that you need to specify a ''function name''. A function is a set of instructions that takes input values, processes them, and returns an output value.<ref>You can also have multiple output values, but functions that do this are not normally meant to be accessed from wiki pages.</ref> This is much like what a template does: you give it arguments, it processes them, and you get a result. However, you can define many functions in one Lua module, whereas you can only define one template on one page.
Furthermore, you can't just run a Lua module directly - you can only run one of the module's functions. The module is just a container for the functions, and doesn't do anything by itself. So there are two reasons that we need to input a function name: we can't run a module by itself, and without specifying a function name, Lua will not know which function it is we want to run.
The simplest way to run a module from a wiki page is like this:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== Tungkol sa Lua ==
Magkakita rin Maikling presentasyon ni Brad Jorsch para sa mas klaro nga halimbawa kung paano [[:file:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|i-konvert ang wikitext template]] ngadto sa Lua module.
Ang Lua kay a [[scripting language]] nga magagamit pag-aralan ang data, magkwenta sang mga expression, kag mag-format sang resulta gamit ang functions o [[object-oriented programming]]. Maskin ang ara sang iban nga Lua script puwede ipabilin nga simple, para sa sayon nga pagsabat, ang Lua nagtugot sang mas komplikado nga mga estruktura pareho sang tables, dynamic functions, kag [[associative array]]s diin ang index nga [[subscript]]s pwede maging mga pulong kag mga index number.
Ang Lua nagpapalab-ot man sang [[recursion]] sang re-nested functions, gani kinahanglan magpili sang pag-amping para indi mag-ampon sang sobra nga ka-komplikado nga indi masabtan sang sang iban nga mga gumagamit kag paano mag-maintain sang Lua module.
Ang sunod amo ang halimbawa sang Lua source code para sa sini nga function nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=4>
--[[Module:Bananas]]--
local p = {} -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Para sa unit tests, tan-awa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]]
function p.hello()
return "Hello, world!" -- nagabalik "Kamusta, kalibutan!"
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Ang iban nga sample sang Lua gin-highlight sang tag <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy> ... </syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> nga ginbutang palibot sang Lua source code.
Para sa mga panuto kung paano gamiton ang Lua sulod sang MediaWiki (kag amo man sa Wikipedya), tan-awa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* "Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua */ +syntaxhighlight inline
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
Ang [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] amo ang programming language nga yara na subong, paagi sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga extension sang MediaWiki, sa Wikipedya.<br />
Pwede na isulod ang Lua nga code sa wiki templates pinaagi sa paggamit sang <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> nga kapasidad sang Scribunto.<br />
Ini nga extension nagasuporta sang Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
== "Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua ==
Ang source code sang Lua gin-a-imbak sa isa ka pahina nga may prefix nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>Module:</syntaxhighlight> (halimbawa, [[Module:Bananas]]). Tapos, ini nga mga indibidwal nga module ginagamit (ginapadul-ong ng code nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight>) sa mga pahina sang template (halimbawa, [[Module:Bananas/doc]] nagagamit sang code nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</syntaxhighlight> para ihatag ang teksto nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>).
Ang mga module ginapatakod sa normal nga mga pahina sang wiki gamit ang <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> nga parser function. Ang syntax sang <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> pareho sang template syntax, pero may yara sang indi pareho nga mga detalye. Ang pinakamahalaga nga kalainan amo nga kinahanglan mong isurat ang isa ka ''ngalan sang function''.
Ang function amo ang isa ka set sang mga instruksiyon nga nagatanggap sang mga input values, ginaproseso ini, kag nagabalik sang isa ka output value.<ref>Pwede man kita nga magbalik sang multiple nga output values, pero ang mga function nga nagabuhat sini indi kasagaran nga gusto nga ma-access gikan sa mga pahina sang wiki.</ref> Ini pareho gid sang ginahimo sang template: ginahatagan mo ini sang mga argumento, ginaproseso niya ini, kag makuha mo ang resulta. Pero pwede ka magtukod sang madamo nga functions sa isa ka Lua module, samtang isa ka template lang ang pwede nimo ma-define sa isa ka pahina.
Saka, indi nimo pwede padaku-on basta lang ang Lua module direkta—ang pwede lang amo ang padaku-on ang isa sa mga function sang module. Ang module amo lang ang container para sa mga function, kag indi ini mismo ang nagahimo sang bisan ano sa kaugalingon. Tungod sini may duha ka rason nga kinahanglan ta mag-input sang ngalan sang function:
# Indi ta pwede padaku-on ang module nga nag-inusara lang.
# Kung wala kita magtumukoy sang function name, indi mahibal-an sang Lua kon ano nga function ang gusto naton ipatakod.
Ang pinaka-simple nga paagi para padaku-on ang isa ka module gikan sa isa ka pahina sang wiki amo ini:
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''}}
For example, we can run [[Module:Bananas]] in this way, which has one function named "hello".
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Bananas]]: The simplest possible script, providing a single function with no arguments.
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== Tungkol sa Lua ==
Magkakita rin Maikling presentasyon ni Brad Jorsch para sa mas klaro nga halimbawa kung paano [[:file:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|i-konvert ang wikitext template]] ngadto sa Lua module.
Ang Lua kay a [[scripting language]] nga magagamit pag-aralan ang data, magkwenta sang mga expression, kag mag-format sang resulta gamit ang functions o [[object-oriented programming]]. Maskin ang ara sang iban nga Lua script puwede ipabilin nga simple, para sa sayon nga pagsabat, ang Lua nagtugot sang mas komplikado nga mga estruktura pareho sang tables, dynamic functions, kag [[associative array]]s diin ang index nga [[subscript]]s pwede maging mga pulong kag mga index number.
Ang Lua nagpapalab-ot man sang [[recursion]] sang re-nested functions, gani kinahanglan magpili sang pag-amping para indi mag-ampon sang sobra nga ka-komplikado nga indi masabtan sang sang iban nga mga gumagamit kag paano mag-maintain sang Lua module.
Ang sunod amo ang halimbawa sang Lua source code para sa sini nga function nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=4>
--[[Module:Bananas]]--
local p = {} -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Para sa unit tests, tan-awa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]]
function p.hello()
return "Hello, world!" -- nagabalik "Kamusta, kalibutan!"
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Ang iban nga sample sang Lua gin-highlight sang tag <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy> ... </syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> nga ginbutang palibot sang Lua source code.
Para sa mga panuto kung paano gamiton ang Lua sulod sang MediaWiki (kag amo man sa Wikipedya), tan-awa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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/* "Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua */ Running [[Module:Bananas]] in your User page. The layout changed from horizontal on one line to vertically aligned sample with expected result. This structure has been introduced in the last chapters. Any spaces are removed inside the call because the separator is the pipe "|". /* Example modules */ Moved above.
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{{WikiProject Lua header}}
{{Information page}}
{{Namespaces}}
Ang [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] amo ang programming language nga yara na subong, paagi sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga extension sang MediaWiki, sa Wikipedya.<br />
Pwede na isulod ang Lua nga code sa wiki templates pinaagi sa paggamit sang <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> nga kapasidad sang Scribunto.<br />
Ini nga extension nagasuporta sang Lua 5.1 {{as of|lc=y|2015|07}}.
== "Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua ==
Ang source code sang Lua gin-a-imbak sa isa ka pahina nga may prefix nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>Module:</syntaxhighlight> (halimbawa, [[Module:Bananas]]). Tapos, ini nga mga indibidwal nga module ginagamit (ginapadul-ong ng code nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight>) sa mga pahina sang template (halimbawa, [[Module:Bananas/doc]] nagagamit sang code nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}</syntaxhighlight> para ihatag ang teksto nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>).
Ang mga module ginapatakod sa normal nga mga pahina sang wiki gamit ang <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> nga parser function. Ang syntax sang <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>#invoke</syntaxhighlight> pareho sang template syntax, pero may yara sang indi pareho nga mga detalye. Ang pinakamahalaga nga kalainan amo nga kinahanglan mong isurat ang isa ka ''ngalan sang function''.
Ang function amo ang isa ka set sang mga instruksiyon nga nagatanggap sang mga input values, ginaproseso ini, kag nagabalik sang isa ka output value.<ref>Pwede man kita nga magbalik sang multiple nga output values, pero ang mga function nga nagabuhat sini indi kasagaran nga gusto nga ma-access gikan sa mga pahina sang wiki.</ref> Ini pareho gid sang ginahimo sang template: ginahatagan mo ini sang mga argumento, ginaproseso niya ini, kag makuha mo ang resulta. Pero pwede ka magtukod sang madamo nga functions sa isa ka Lua module, samtang isa ka template lang ang pwede nimo ma-define sa isa ka pahina.
Saka, indi nimo pwede padaku-on basta lang ang Lua module direkta—ang pwede lang amo ang padaku-on ang isa sa mga function sang module. Ang module amo lang ang container para sa mga function, kag indi ini mismo ang nagahimo sang bisan ano sa kaugalingon. Tungod sini may duha ka rason nga kinahanglan ta mag-input sang ngalan sang function:
# Indi ta pwede padaku-on ang module nga nag-inusara lang.
# Kung wala kita magtumukoy sang function name, indi mahibal-an sang Lua kon ano nga function ang gusto naton ipatakod.
Ang pinaka-simple nga paagi para padaku-on ang isa ka module gikan sa isa ka pahina sang wiki amo ini:
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line>
{{#invoke:NgaranSangModule|ngalanSangFunction}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
; Simple nga script, nagahatag sang isa ka function lang nga wala sing mga argumento.
Pwede ta padaku-on ang [[Module:Bananas]] sa paagi nga ini, nga may isa ka function nga gin-ngaran <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>hello</syntaxhighlight>.
Indi mo kinahanglan mag-install ukon mag-save sang bisan ano.
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
# Idikit ang sunod nga tawag sa umpisa sang isa ka bag-o nga linya sa imo nga pahina sang User:
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="3">
<li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>". Ang tawag sang function <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>hello</syntaxhighlight> sa [[Module:Bananas]] mapapalitan sang sunod-sunod nga ini:</li>
</ol>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line>
Hello, world!
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="4">
<li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Kon pamamangkot, i-click ang <code>Leave</code>.</li>
<li>Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' kung nabag-o.</li>
</ol>
=== Using arguments ===
Arguments are passed to modules in the same way that they are passed to templates. Note, however, that the text after the first pipe character is always the function name; the first positional argument is the text after the ''second'' pipe.
{{#invoke:''module name''|''function name''|''first positional argument''|''second positional argument''|''named argument'' = ''value''}}
For example, in [[Module:BananasArgs]], the "hello" function greets different people depending on the first positional argument. It works like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Kate}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|hello|Fred}}
BananasArgs also has a function named "count_fruit" which uses the named arguments <code>bananas</code> and <code>apples</code> to count the number of bananas and apples we have. It can be run like this:
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|apples=3|bananas=4}}
* <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:BananasArgs|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=2}}
Most modules will have a documentation page explaining what arguments can be used and what their effects will be.
== Example modules ==
* [[Module:Basic example]]: Demonstrates how to use conditions and template parameters.
* [[Module:BananasArgs]]: Demonstrates how to access and use parameters.
== Mangaro sang script ==
Bumisita sa '''[[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]]''' para maghangyo sang bulig sa pag-aram sang Lua script para maghimo sang partikular nga buruhaton sa Wikipedya o sa iba pa nga Wikimedia Foundation nga proyekto.
== Kasaysayan ==
[[mw:Manual:MediaWiki architecture#Magic words and templates|Magic words]]. {{tl|qif}}, [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], [[mw:Extension:Lua|Lua extension]], ginhisgutan sang mahabang panahon ang wiki scripting language (JavaScript kontra Lua), [[mw:Extension:WikiScripts]], ginhimo ni Tim ang [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] nga may pauna nga suporta para sa Lua.
Ginhisgutan ini sang mga katuigan. Naka-install ang Lua sa 2012 para sa testing sa [[test2wiki:|test2.wikipedia.org]], nga may bukas nga imbitasyon sa tanan nga mga editor nga mag-eksperimento sa pag-develop sang mga Lua modules. Naka-install ang Lua sa English Wikipedya sang Pebrero 2013, pagkatapos sang testing sa mediawiki.org kag Wikimedia test wikis.
== Tungkol sa Lua ==
Magkakita rin Maikling presentasyon ni Brad Jorsch para sa mas klaro nga halimbawa kung paano [[:file:WMF Tech Talk 2013-02-28 slides - Scribunto presentation.pdf|i-konvert ang wikitext template]] ngadto sa Lua module.
Ang Lua kay a [[scripting language]] nga magagamit pag-aralan ang data, magkwenta sang mga expression, kag mag-format sang resulta gamit ang functions o [[object-oriented programming]]. Maskin ang ara sang iban nga Lua script puwede ipabilin nga simple, para sa sayon nga pagsabat, ang Lua nagtugot sang mas komplikado nga mga estruktura pareho sang tables, dynamic functions, kag [[associative array]]s diin ang index nga [[subscript]]s pwede maging mga pulong kag mga index number.
Ang Lua nagpapalab-ot man sang [[recursion]] sang re-nested functions, gani kinahanglan magpili sang pag-amping para indi mag-ampon sang sobra nga ka-komplikado nga indi masabtan sang sang iban nga mga gumagamit kag paano mag-maintain sang Lua module.
Ang sunod amo ang halimbawa sang Lua source code para sa sini nga function nga <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"Kamusta, kalibutan!"</syntaxhighlight>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=4>
--[[Module:Bananas]]--
local p = {} -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Para sa unit tests, tan-awa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]]
function p.hello()
return "Hello, world!" -- nagabalik "Kamusta, kalibutan!"
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Ang iban nga sample sang Lua gin-highlight sang tag <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy> ... </syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> nga ginbutang palibot sang Lua source code.
Para sa mga panuto kung paano gamiton ang Lua sulod sang MediaWiki (kag amo man sa Wikipedya), tan-awa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]].
== Subok sang unit ==
May nagagamit nga framework para sa unit testing sang mga Lua script sa Wikipedya sa [[Module:UnitTests]]. Nagapahalin ini sa imo nga subokan ang imo script gamit ang ginpili nga mga input, kag patunayan nga ang gina-expect nga output ang ginaproduce. Mapuslan gid ang unit tests sang partikular sa dali nga pagdiskubre sang mga regression, kay ang mga pagbabago sa script nagapati sang bag-o (o daan) nga mga problema.
Sang kasapukan, ang unit tests para sa module pareho sang [[Module:Bananas]] ginaplastar sa [[Module:Bananas/testcases]], kag ginapatuman sa [[Module talk:Bananas/testcases]] paagi sa:
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="2"><li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>"</li></ol>
<blockquote>
{{#invoke:Bananas/testcases|run_tests}}
</blockquote>
<ol start="3"><li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' nabag-o.</li></ol>
Ang mga pamaagi sang test dapat magsugod sa <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>p:</syntaxhighlight>'''<code>test_</code>'''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
--[[Module:Bananas/testcases]]--
local p = require('Module:UnitTests') -- I-initialize (p)ackage table
-- Clik ang Pag-urulay para magpatuman sang mga test.
function p:test_hello() -- Unit tests para sa [[Module:Bananas]].
self:preprocess_equals('{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}', 'Hello, world!')
end
return p -- nagabalik (p)ackage table
</syntaxhighlight>
Para sa listahan sang tanan nga modules nga nagagamit sang unit tests, tan-awa sa [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:UnitTests]].
May-ada man alternative nga unit testing framework [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Module:ScribuntoUnit|ginagamit]] nga ginatawag [[:en:Module:ScribuntoUnit]], nga naggikan sa Hungarian Wikipedya. Sa pareho nga mga bahin (feature-wise) pareho man ini gid sa [[Module:UnitTests]], pero may-ada ini sang nagkalain-lain nga estilo sa pagsulat (coding style), kag nagahabol sang mga tinuod nga error nga ginakaptan paagi sa [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#pcall|protected calls]]. May-ada man ini sang pamaagi para sa pagpares sang mga float sa sulod sang ginhatag nga eksaktong anggulo (precision).
== Mga espesyal nga bahin sang Wikipedya ==
Sa tibuok: Ang Lua kay pwede lang makadawat sang input bilang mga text string nga ginapatala sa <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> kag halin sang iban nga maakuha pinaagi sa <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.new|mw.title.new(...)]]:getContent()</code> kag <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate()]]</code>. Ang output sang Lua indi ginaproseso sa una maliban kon ang <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:preprocess|frame:preprocess()]]</code> ginatawag gid sang klaro, sangto nga ang mga pagtawag sang template kag mga parser function sa output indi magatrabaho sang husto.
Ang tanan nga Lua sa sulod sang pahina limitado sa 10 segundos nga CPU time (pwede mo tan-awon sa source code sang ginrender nga pahina para makita kon daw ka tagal ang template o module sang nag-parse).
Kag may kaugnayan sa standard nga Lua, ang Lua sang Scribunto ligtas (kita sa [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Differences_from_standard_Lua|Mga kalainan sa karaniwang Lua]]).
=== Mga limitasyon sa input sang Lua ===
Ang mga programa ginapadagan ra sang page nga "gin-aproseso" (sang ginbag-o ini o sang ginbag-o man ang page nga iya ginakomponar, ukon gin-preview), indi kada beses nga ginapanood mo ang output. Busa wala sing sayon nga Lua module nga magtugot sa imo nga magtype sang temperatura sa Fahrenheit sa sulod sang isang input box kag makatanggap sang katumbas nga temperatura sa Celsius sang pagpitok mo sang isang button, o nga magtugot sa imo nga i-click ang isa ka bahin sang gin-visualize nga Mandelbrot set sa page para mapalaparan ini kada beses nga gusto mo. Kinahanglan may ara sing tinuod nga Wiki page (ukon bisan pa ang page nga imo ginasubmit para sa preview) nga naglalaman sang input data.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
local function toCelsius(tempFahrenheit) return (tempFahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 end
print(("toCelsius(32°F) = %s°C. toCelsius(68°F) = %d°C"):format(toCelsius(32), toCelsius(68)))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=3>
toCelsius(32°F) = 0°C. toCelsius(68°F) = 20°C
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang input nga Lua pwede makadawat sang bisan ano nga transcludeable text page sa Wikipedya. Ini ''wala'' naga-apil sa graphics files (maskin [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] files, bisan pa nga ini text gid, maliban kung i-cut and paste mo ini papunta sa isang Wiki text page), ang lista sang mga page nga ginatan-aw sa sulod sang kategorya, kag ang nilalaman sang dai-pwedeng i-transclude mga espesyál nga pahina.
=== Wikitext ===
Ang mga madalas nga na-ti-traus sa Wikipedya headers na may tago nga code pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>"UNIQ5ae8f2aa414ff233-h-3--QINU"</syntaxhighlight> nga mahimo man kinahanglan hubaron para mabulabog sila nga ma-parse ma’ayo.
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
print(string.reverse("UNIQ"))
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line start=2>
QINU
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
Ang mga wikilink han [[Wikipedia:Pipe trick|type]] <code><nowiki>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>'''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> indi magagamit kung ibalik sugad nga output—kinahanglan isurat sugad nga klaro kag direkta pareho sin <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>[[Tabang:Pagliwat nin Artikulo|</syntaxhighlight>'''<code><nowiki>Pagliwat nin Artikulo</nowiki></code>'''<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>]]</syntaxhighlight>.
Iba pa nga pre-save transforms, pareho han pag-ilis han <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> para maging mga signature, mabo-bolsok man nga indi maproseso. Ang template transclusions, parser function calls, kag variable substitutions (nga bisan ano nga may <code><nowiki>{{...}}</nowiki></code>) indi mapoproseso, kag diri man mapoproseso ang mga tag pareho sin {{tag|ref|o}} o {{tag|nowiki|o}}.
== Pagmarka sang na-convert nga mga plantilya ==
{{lua|Module:Bananas}}
Pakibutang ang {{tl|lua}} nga template sa subpage han dokumentasyon sang tanan nga mga plantilya nga nagagamit sang Lua. Mahihimo ini nga mas klaro nga maipahayag ang paggamit sang Lua kag ang mga pag-convert sang plantilya.
== Tan-awa man ini ==
* [[Espesyal:PrefixIndex/Module:]] lista sang mga module sang Lua
; Mga kapinunan sang Ingles nga espesyal sa Wikipedya
* [[:en:Help:Lua debugging]] – sini nga gabay-pamaagi nagatudlo kung paano mag-[[debugging]] sang mga Lua module
* [[Module:Sandbox]] naghatag sang pseudo-namespace para sa pag-eksperimentar sa Lua modules
* [[:en:Wikipedia talk:Lua]] – mga pamangkot para sa mga template o mga buluhaton nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua-based templates]] – mga grupo sang mga template nga nakabase sa Lua
* [[:Kategorya:Lua metamodules]]
; Dokumentasyon sang MediaWiki para sa Lua
* [[mw:Manual:Coding conventions/Lua|Manual:Coding conventions/Lua]] – mga pamantayan para mapabakod ang kabasa sang code paagi sa kaangay (consistency)
* [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia modules]]
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[[Ladawan:Hideaki Tokunaga Name.png|thumb|Pangaran ni Hideaki Tokunaga]]{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name = Hideaki Tokunaga
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solong_parakanta
| native_name = 德永 英明
| native_name_lang = ja
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|02|27}}
| birth_place = [[Yanagawa, Fukuoka]], Japan
| death_date =
| origin =
| instrument =
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[kayōkyoku]]
| occupation = [[Parakanta]], [[Parasurat-kanta]]
| years_active = 1986–ngunyan
| label = [[Bandai]] 1986–1997 <br /> [[King Records (Japan)]] 1998–2001 <br /> [[A&M Records]] 2002–present
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|www.tokunagaandtonys.com}}
}}
Si {{nihongo|'''Hideaki Tokunaga'''|德永 英明|Tokunaga Hideaki|extra=iminundag Pebrero 27, 1961 sa [[Yanagawa, Fukuoka]]}} sarong Hapon na pop, [[parakanta]],parasurat-kanta asin aktor.
Miski nabigó si Tokunaga na makapasa sa pasusulit sa ''Star Tanjō!'' kan 1982, napanatili niya an saiyang sadiri bilang recording singer kan 1986. Pagkatapos niyang i-released an mga hit song arog kan "Yume o Shinjite" (an enot na pantapos na tema kan seryo nin anime na ''Dragon Quest'') asin an "Kowarekake no Radio" kan 1990, an saiyang single na "Wednesday Moon" uminabot sa No. 1 sa Oricon weekly charts kan 1991. Bistado man siya sa saiyang ''Vocalist'' album series, comprising his covers kan mga kantang pambabae. ''Vocalist'', ''Vocalist 2'', ''Vocalist 3'' asin ''Vocalist 4'' na ini-released kan 2005, 2006, 2007 asin 2010.
Si Tokunaga an enot na lalaking aktor na nagkaigwa nin dae mababa sa sarong album para maabot an numero-uno na posisyon sa Japanese Oricon weekly charts nin apat na dekada (1980s, 1990s, 2000s asin 2010s).<ref name="vocalist4">{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/rankmusic/75719/full/|script-title=ja:男性アーティスト初! 徳永英明が80年代から4年代連続首位|publisher=[[Oricon]]|date=2010-04-27|accessdate=2010-04-27|language=ja}}</ref>
Guminibo man nin mga kanta si Tokunaga para sa mga iba pang mga parakanta arog kan KinKi Kids' "Eien Ni" (hale sa 2007 album ''Phi'').
==Karera==
Tuminutok si Tokunaga sa sarong Japanese television program na ''Star Tanjō!'' kan 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvlife.jp/music/mu_061012.html|script-title=ja:10月12日(木)の音楽番組情報|work=TV Life Music|date=2006-10-12|accessdate=2010-04-21|language=ja|archive-date=2009-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117074423/http://www.tvlife.jp/music/mu_061012.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>Naggigibo an programa nin kadakol na Japanese stars arog ni Momoe Yamaguchi, Pink Lady asin ni Akina Nakamori. Kailan pa man, nakapasa si Akiko Matsumoto sa pagsubok kan oras na ito , samantala dae tinanggap si Tokunaga asin si Minako Honda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/special/calender/calender_09september/KFullNormal20090925005.html|script-title=ja:【83年9月25日】スタ誕が12年の歴史に幕…阿久悠氏「幻想ではなかった」|publisher=[[Sports Nippon]]|date=2009-09-25|accessdate=2010-04-21|language=ja}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
Kan Enero 21, 1986, napanatili ni Tokunaga an saiyang karera sa saiyang album na ''Girl'' asin sa saiyang single na "Rainy Blue". Kan 1987, uminabot sa posisyon na numero uno an saiyang ikatolong studio album na ''Birds'' sa Japanese Oricon charts. Kan mga amay nin 1990s, nabistado siya sa nacion na [[Filipinas]] kan an saiyang kantang "Saigo no Iiwake" (hale sa saiyang 1989 album na ''Realize'') ki-cover sa [[Tataramon na Tagalog|Tagalog]] bilang "Ikaw Pa Rin" kan sarong unlikely singer, bakong parataram na Tagalog, kaparehong Hapones na si Ted Ito asin sa [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]] kan aktor na si Keempee de Leon bilang "My One and Only".<ref>[http://www.last.fm/music/Ted+Ito Ted Ito @ Last.fm]</ref> Nagin bistado pa siyang lalo sa USA kan pinatugtog an Saigo no Iiwake sa 2015 comedy-drama film na ''The Big Short''. Kailan pa man, an saiyang 1991 album na ''Revolution'' an pinakahuring numero uno na album hanggan 2007.
Pinu'nan niyang ini-release an ''Vocalist'' album series, kun saen ki-nober niya an kadakol na mga kantang Hapon kan mga babayeng parakanta. Kan Setyembre 14, 2005, ini-release niya an album na ''Vocalist'', an enot na trabaho sa saiyang seryo. Iniiba an saiyang album sa saiyang cover version kan 1975 na kanta ni Miyuki Nakajima na "Jidai" asin an 1977 na kanta ni Momoe Yamaguchi na "Cosmos". An album nagin certified na Milyon kan RIAJ para sa shipment kan mga kopya nin 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/201005.html|script-title=ja:ゴールド等認定作品一覧 2010年5月|publisher=RIAJ|accessdate=2010-06-11|language=ja|archive-date=2010-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614182755/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/201005.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Kan Agosto 30, 2006, ini-release ni Tokunaga an album na ''Vocalist 2''. Kaiba sa saiyang album an mga cover version kan 1982 na kanta ni Akina Nakamori na "Second Love" asin an 2003 na kanta ni Mika Nakashima na "Yuki no Hana". An album nagin certified Triple Platinum kan RIAJ para sa shipment kan mga kopya nin 750,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200803.html|script-title=ja:ゴールド等認定作品一覧 2008年3月|publisher=RIAJ|accessdate=2009-10-14|language=ja|archive-date=2012-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721233117/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200803.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Kan Agosto 15, 2007, ini-release ni Tokunaga an album na ''Vocalist 3''. Kaiba sa saiyang album an mga cover version kan 1985 na kanta ni Akiko Kobayashi na "Koi ni Ochite (Fall in Love)" asin an 1998 na kanta kan Every Little Thing na "Time Goes By". An saiyang cover version kan 1997 na kanta ni [[Namie Amuro]] na "[[Can You Celebrate?]]" an pinakapurit na track kan album, alagad ini man an pinakaenot na press limited edition kun saen kaiba ini sa track, iyo an saiyang cover version kan 1972 na kanta ni Naomi Chiaki na "Kassai". An ''Vocalist 3'' uminabot sa posisyong numero-uno sa Oricon weekly album charts, na nagin saiyang numero-unong album sa 15 taon asin 10 bulan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://contents.oricon.co.jp/news/rankmusic/47726/|script-title=ja:徳永英明、カバーシリーズ総売上史上初の100万枚突破!|trans-title=Hideaki Tokunaga sold over one million copies for the first time as series of cover albums!|publisher=Oricon|date=2007-09-04|accessdate=2009-02-11|language=ja}}</ref>Nasa rukrok an ''Vocalist 3'' sa Oricon weekly album charts nin duwang linggo. An album nagin kuwalipikadong Milyon kan RIAJ para sa shipment kan 1,000,000 na mga kopya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200804.html |script-title=ja:ゴールド等認定作品一覧 2008年4月 |publisher=RIAJ |accessdate=2009-10-14 |language=ja |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820012533/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200804.html |archivedate=2009-08-20 |df= }}</ref>
Kan Nobyembre 1, 2007, Kinober man ni Tokunaga an {{nihongo|"Farewell Blues"|別れのブルース|Wakare no Burūsu}} ni Noriko Awaya sa Tokyo International Forum bilang parte kan 100th Anniversary Concert ni Ryoichi Hattori.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/news/show/id/4015|title=Great covers at the 100th Anniversary of Ryoichi Hattori|publisher=natalie|date=2007-11-02|accessdate=2009-02-11|language=ja|archive-date=2009-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406023549/http://natalie.mu/news/show/id/4015|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Kan Mayo 6, 2009, inirelease ni Tokunaga an saiyang studio album na ''We All''. Napanatili an saiyang album bilang No. 1 sa Oricon weekly album charts. Dahil sa album, nagin siyang pinakaenot na solo nin lalaking artista kun saen napanatili kan 1980s na dae mababa sa ''one studio album to top'' sa Oricon weekly charts para sa tolong dekada (1980s, 1990s and 2000s).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/rankmusic/66014/full/|script-title=ja:徳永英明、オリジナルアルバムで17年ぶりに首位獲得|publisher=Oricon|date=2009-05-12|accessdate=2010-04-21|language=ja}}</ref>
Ini-release ni Tokunaga an single na "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" kan Marso 31, 2010. Ini an saiyang cover version kan 1986 na kanta ni Teresa Teng asin an saiyang B-sides kan saiyang mga cover version kan 1982 na mga kanta ni Seiko Matsuda na "Akai Sweet Pea" asin an 2009 na kanta ni Juju na "Yasashisa de Afureru yōni." An mga kantang ini kaiba sa album na ''Vocalist 4'' na ini-release kan Abril 20, 2010. Kaiba sa album an saiyang cover version kan 1999 na kanta ni Hikaru Utada na "First Love." Napanatili kan ''Vocalist 4'' bilang No. 1 sa Oricon weekly charts. Tibaad sa album, nagin siyang pinakaenot na lalaking artista na igwa na dae mababa sa sarong album parukrok sa Oricon weekly charts para sa apat na dekada.<ref name="vocalist4" />
==Diskograpiya==
===Mga Studio album===
* ''Girl'' (1986)<ref>[http://www.tokunagaandtonys.com/discography/album/index.html Hideaki Tokunaga Official Site - Discography]</ref>
* ''Radio'' (1986)
* ''Birds'' (1987)
* ''Dear'' (1988)
* ''Realize'' (1989)
* ''Justice'' (1990)
* ''Revolution'' (1991)
* ''Nostalgia'' (1993)
* ''The Sun Boy'' (1995)
* ''Bless'' (1997)
* ''Honesto'' (1999)
* ''Remind'' (2000)
* ''Love, Please'' (2002)
* ''My Life'' (2004)
* ''We All'' (2009)
* ''Statement'' (2013)
===Mga Cover album===
* ''Vocalist'' (2005)
* ''Vocalist 2'' (2006)
* ''Vocalist 3'' (2007)
* ''Vocalist 4'' (2010)
* ''Vocalist Vintage'' (2012)
===Mga Live album===
* ''Hideaki Tokunaga Live'' (1990)
* ''Live 1994'' (1994)
===Mga Compilation album===
* ''Intro'' (1987)
* ''Intro II'' (1992)
* ''Ballade of Ballade'' (1997)
* ''Single Collection (1986–1991)'' (1998)
* ''Single Collection (1992–1997)'' (1998)
* ''Intro III'' (2001)
* ''Shining Forever~ Self-Cover Best'' (2003)
* ''Beautiful Ballade'' (2006)
* ''Singles Best'' (2008)
* ''Singles B-side Best'' (2008)
* ''Singles Best Box'' (2009)
* ''Vocalist & Ballade Best'' (2011)
==Mga panluwas na takod==
* {{IMDb name|id=2623158}}
* {{Official website|http://www.tokunagaandtonys.com}} {{ja icon}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokunaga, Hideaki}}
[[Kategorya:1961 nagkamurundag]]
[[Kategorya:Living people]]
[[Kategorya:Japanese male actors]]
[[Kategorya:Japanese male pop singers]]
[[Kategorya:Japanese male singer-songwriters]]
[[Kategorya:Actors from Fukuoka Prefecture]]
[[Kategorya:Universal Music Japan artists]]
[[Kategorya:Musicians from Fukuoka Prefecture]]
[[Kategorya:Writers from Fukuoka Prefecture]]
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Plantilya:Country data Spain
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{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Spain
| flag alias = Flag of Spain.svg
| flag alias-1506 = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
| flag alias-1701 = Bandera de España 1701-1748.svg
| flag alias-1748 = Bandera de España 1748-1785.svg
| flag alias-1785 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
| flag alias-1873 = Flag of Spain (1873–1874).svg
| flag alias-1931 = Flag of Spain (1931 - 1939).svg
| flag alias-1938 = Flag of Spain (1938 - 1945).svg
| flag alias-1945 = Flag of Spain (1945 - 1977).svg
| flag alias-1977 = Flag of Spain (1977 - 1981).svg
| flag alias-civil = Flag of Spain (Civil).svg
| flag alias-civil-1785 = BandMercante1785.svg
| link alias-army = Spanish Army
| link alias-naval = Spanish Navy
| link alias-basketball = Spain {{{mw|men's}}} national {{{age|}}} basketball team
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1506
| var2 = 1701
| var3 = 1748
| var4 = 1785
| var5 = 1873
| var6 = 1931
| var7 = 1938
| var8 = 1945
| var9 = 1977
| var10 = civil-1785
| var11 = civil
| redir1 = ESP
| redir2 = SPA
| related1 = Spanish Republic
| related2 = Spanish State
</noinclude>
}}
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Freddie Mercury
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{{Infobox person
| name = Freddie Mercury
| image = Freddie Mercury performing in New Haven, CT, November 1977.jpg
| caption =Si Mercury na nagpe''perform'' sa [[New Haven, Connecticut]], kan 1977 kaiba an [[Queen (banda)|Queen]]
| birth_name = Farrokh Bulsara
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1946|9|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Stone Town]], [[Sultanato kan Zanzibar]]
<!-- | origin = [[London]], Inglatiera<ref name="Highleyman_2005"/> -->
| nationality = Briton<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/711409/Freddie-Mercury, "Freddie Mercury, British singer and songwriter", ''Encyclopædia Britannica''] Retrieved 11 June 2015.</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|11|24|1946|9|5|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kensington]], London, Inglatiera
| death_cause = [[Bronchopneumonia]] bilan saróng komplikasyon kan [[AIDS]]
| resting_place =
| othername = {{flatlist|
* Freddie Bulsara
* Larry Lurex<ref name="lurex">{{cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/freddie-mercury-10-things-you-didnt-know-queen-singer-did-114828/ |title=Freddie Mercury: 10 Things You Didn’t Know Queen Singer Did |last=Runtagh |first=Jordan |date=23 November 2016 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=[[Jann Wenner]] |access-date=23 August 2018 |dead-url=no |archive-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823093059/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/freddie-mercury-10-things-you-didnt-know-queen-singer-did-114828/ |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}
| education = [[St. Peter's Boys School]]
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[West Thames College|Isleworth Polytechnic College]]
* [[Ealing Art College]]}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-songwriter
* {{nowrap|record producer}}
}}
| partner = {{plainlist|
* Mary Austin (1970–1976)
* Jim Hutton (1985–1991)}}
| years_active = 1965–1991
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = [[Musikang Rock|Rock]]
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* keyboards<!--- If you think an instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first per: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox musical_artist#instrument--->
}}
| voicetype =
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
* [[Polydor Records|Polydor]]
* [[EMI Records|EMI]]
* [[Parlopono]]
* [[Hollywood Records|Hollywood]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Queen (banda)|Queen]]
* [[Montserrat Caballé]]
}}
}}
| signature = Freddie Mercury signature 2.svg
| signature_alt = Pirma ni Freddie Mercury
}}
Si '''Freddie Mercury''' (namundag Farrokh Bulsara; 5 Septyembre 1946 – 24 Nobyembre 1991) sarong Briton na parakanta, kompositor asin prodyuser nin rekord. Siya nabibistong marhay komo iyo an vocalistang nangengenot sa rock band na Queen. Binibisto siya bilang saro sa pinaka-lataw na parakanta sa historya nin musikang popular<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Freddie-Mercury] www.britannica.com. Kinua 2018-12-11</ref>
Si Mercury dugong [[Parsi]], gikan [[Zanzibar]] asin nagdakula sa [[Indya]] alagad an pamilya niya naghubo sa Middlesex, Inglatierra kan siya soltero. Kan 1970, nagmukna siya kan bandang Queen katuwang an gitaristang si Brian May asin an drummer na si Roger Taylor. Dakul an saiyang mga komposisyon na nagsikat na gayo arog kan "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", asin "We Are the Champions". May solo man siyang karera manta na kaapil pa sa bandang Queen asin kun minsan prodyuser o bisitang musiko kan ibang mga artista. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Freddie-Mercury] www.britannica.com. Kinua 2018-12-11</ref>
Si Mercury nagadan kan 1991 sa edad na 45 huli sa kumplikasyon sa AIDS.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Freddie-Mercury] www.britannica.com. Kinua 2018-12-11</ref>
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Kategorya: Mga parakantang Briton]]
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Doha
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{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Doha
| official_name =
| native_name = {{Rtl-lang|ar|الدوحة}}
| settlement_type = [[Lista kan mga syudad sa Katar|Syudad]]
| image_skyline = City montage of Doha2.png
| imagesize = 275px
| image_caption = Itaas pababa, Wala patuo: Doha skyline pagkaaga, Modern buildings sa distritong [[Sulnupang Suba' (Doha)|Sulnupang Suba']], [[Amiri Diwan kan Estado kan Katar|Amiri Diwan]] na minaserbe bilang opisina kan [[Amir kan Katar]], [[Sheraton Grand Doha Resort & Convention Hotel|Sheraton hotel]], [[Souq Waqif]], Sword Arch on Hamad Street.
| image_flag =
| pushpin_map = Qatar
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption = Kinamumugtakan kan Doha sa Qatar
| coordinates = {{coord|25|17|12|N|51|32|0|E|type:city_region:QA-DA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Nasyon
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Qatar}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Mga banwaan kan Katar|Banwaan]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ad-Dawhah (banwaan)|Ad-Dawhah]]
| established_title = Pigtugdas
| established_date = 1825
| total_type = Sentro nin Syudad
| area_total_km2 = 132
| area_metro_km2 =
| population_total = 1,685,000
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes = <ref name="minicensus"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro =
| timezone1 = AST
| utc_offset1 = +3
| website =
| footnotes =
| type = Syudad
}}
An '''Doha''' (Arabiko: الدوحة, ''ad-Dawḥa'' o ''ad-Dōḥa'', minasayod sa [adˈdawħa]), iyo an kapitolyo asin pinakamatawong syudad sa [[Qatar|Estado kan Katar]]. Igwa ini nin populasyon na 1,351,000 katawo sa mismong syudad na igwa na haros 1.5 milyon na populasyon.<ref name="minicensus">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/qatar/178/details/459624/doha-municipality-accounts-for-40%25-of-qatar-population|title=Doha municipality accounts for 40% of Qatar population|publisher=Gulf Times|date=20 October 2015|accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> Manunumpungan ini sa baybayon nin [[Golpo Persiko|Persian Gulf]] sa parteng subangan kan nasyon. Ini an nagdadakulang syudad sa Qatar, na nasa lampas 50% kan populasyon kan nasyon na nakaistar digd, ini man an sentro nin ekonomiya.
Ang paaralan ay nagho-host ng Qatar University at isang campus ng [[HEC Paris]] business school.
== Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{commons}}
{{wikivoyage}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*[http://www.worldarab.net/content/doha-projects-and-buildings Projects in Doha and Major Construction and Architectural Developments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119154215/http://www.worldarab.net/content/doha-projects-and-buildings |date=2011-01-19 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060115064348/http://www.thepersiangulf.org/cities/doha.html Information and History of Doha]
{{stub}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategorya:Mga kapitolyo sa Asya]]
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Ada Lovelace
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{{Infobox scientist|name=The Countess of Lovelace|honorific_prefix=[[The Right Honourable]]|image=Ada Byron daguerreotype by Antoine Claudet 1843 or 1850.jpg|caption=A {{circa}} 1843 [[daguerreotype]] by [[Antoine Claudet]]<ref name=blogbutfromboldian>
{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/adalovelace/2015/10/14/only-known-photographs-of-ada-lovelace-in-bodleian-display/|title=Only known photographs of Ada Lovelace in Bodleian Display|last=|first=|date=2015|website=Bodlian|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>|birth_name=The Hon. Augusta Ada Byron|birth_date={{birth date|1815|12|10|df=yes}}|birth_place=London, England|death_date={{death date and age|1852|11|27|1815|12|10|df=yes}}|death_place=[[Marylebone]], London, England|resting_place=[[Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Hucknall]], Nottingham, England|children={{plainlist |
* [[Byron King-Noel, Viscount Ockham|Byron King-Noel, Viscount Ockham and 12th Baron Wentworth]]
* [[Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth]]
* [[Ralph King-Milbanke, 2nd Earl of Lovelace]]}}|known_for=[[Mathematics]], [[computing]]|spouse=[[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace]]}}
'''Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace''' (''née'' '''Byron'''; 10 nin Disyembre 1815 – 27 Nobyembre 1852) sarong English mathematician asin parasurat, mas midbid siya na kaiba ni Charles Babbage sa tigpresentar na mechanical general-purpose computer, an Analytical Engine. Siya ang nakadiskubre na ang sarong makina igwa pang magigibo pwera sa pagkalkula, siya man an nagpublikar nin enot na algoritmo para sa makina. Bilang resulta, siya midbid na enot na nakaheling kan potensyal nin "computing machine" asin saro sa mga taga programa kan enot na kompyuter.{{Sfn|Fuegi|Francis|2003}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Phillips|first=Ana Lena|date=November–December 2011|title=Crowdsourcing Gender Equity: Ada Lovelace Day, and its companion website, aims to raise the profile of women in science and technology|url=https://www.americanscientist.org/article/crowdsourcing-gender-equity}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/10/ada-lovelace-honoured-google-doodle |title=Ada Lovelace honoured by Google doodle |language=en |date=2012-12-10|work=The Guardian |accessdate=2026-07-20}}</ref>
[[Ladawan:Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg|thumb|Ada Byron, edad 4 ]]
[[Ladawan:Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_(1832).jpg|wala|thumb|Ada Byron, edad disesyete, 1832]]
[[Ladawan:Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg|too|thumb|Ladawan ni Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, gamit an watercolor, circa 1840, posible na gibo ni Alfred Edward Chalon]]
== Mga toltolan ==
<references group=""></references>
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Marie Curie
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{{Infobox scientist|name=Marie Curie|image=Marie Curie c. 1920s.jpg|caption={{circa|1920}}|birth_name=Maria Salomea Skłodowska|birth_date={{birth date|1867|11|7|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Warsaw]], [[Congress Poland]], [[Russian Empire]]<ref name="nobelprize" />|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1934|7|4|1867|11|7}}|death_place=[[Passy, Haute-Savoie]], France|death_cause=[[Aplastic anemia]] from exposure to radiation
<!-- unknown parameter "residence": parameter removed from infobox person
|residence=Poland, France
-->
|citizenship={{plainlist|
* Poland (by birth)
* France (by marriage)
}}|alma_mater={{plainlist|
* University of Paris
* [[ESPCI]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espci.fr/en/espci-paris/prestige-82/|title=ESPCI Paris : Prestige|website=www.espci.fr|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref>
}}
|thesis_title=Recherches sur les substances radioactives<br />(Research on Radioactive Substances)
|doctoral_advisor=[[Gabriel Lippmann]]|doctoral_students={{hlist|[[André-Louis Debierne]]|[[Óscar Moreno]]|<br />[[Marguerite Perey]]|[[Émile Henriot (chemist)|Émile Henriot]]}}|known_for={{plainlist|
* [[Radioactivity]]
* [[Polonium]]
* [[Radium]]}}|awards={{plainlist|
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1903)
* [[Davy Medal]] (1903)
* [[Matteucci Medal]] (1904)
* [[Elliott Cresson Medal]] (1909)
* [[Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)|Albert Medal]] (1910)
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1911)
* [[Willard Gibbs Award]] (1921)
}}|signature=Marie Curie Skłodowska Signature Polish.svg|footnotes=She is the only person to win a [[Nobel Prize]] in two different sciences.|spouse=[[Pierre Curie]] (1859{{ndash}}1906; m. 1895)|children={{plainlist|
* [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] (1897{{ndash}}1956)
* [[Ève Curie]] (1904{{ndash}}2007)
}}|field=[[Physics]], [[chemistry]]|work_institutions=* [[University of Paris]]
** [[Curie Institute (Paris)|Institut du Radium]]
* [[École Normale Supérieure]]
* [[French Academy of Medicine]]
* [[International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation]]
}}
[[Ladawan:Marie Curie Skłodowska Signature Polish.svg|thumb|lagda ni Marie Curie Sklodowska]]
Si '''Marie Sklodowska Curie''', pinangaki bilang si Salomea Sklodowska, namondag kan Nobyemre 1867 asin nagadan man kan Hulyo 4, 1934. Siya sarong Polish asin naturalisadong Pranses na pisiko asin kimiko na nangenot sa pag-adal kan [[:en:Radioactive_decay|radioactivity.]] Siya an primerong babayi na natawan nin onra sa [[:en:Nobel_Prize|Nobel Prize]], an inot na babaying nanggana nin duwang beses, asin an solamenteng nanggana nin Nobel Prize sa duwang magkaibang siyensya. Siya parte kan Curie Family Legacy<ref>http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/marie-curies-immediate-family-won-a-total-of-five-nobel-prizes/</ref> na igwang limang premyo sa Nobel. Siya man an primerong babayi na nagin propesora sa [[:en:University_of_Paris|Unibersidad kan Paris]].
Pigmundag siya sa [[:en:Warsaw|Warsaw]], na mas midbid kaidto bilang [[:en:Kingdom_of_Poland|Kingdom of Poland]], parte kan [[:en:Russian_Empire|imperyong Ruso]]. Nag-adal siya sa [[:en:Flying_University|Flying University]] sa Warsaw asin pinunan an scientific training niya igdi. Kan 1891, sa edad na 24, pigsundan niya an saiyang matuang tugang na si [[:en:Bronisława,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship|Bronislawa]] tangani na mag-adal sa Paris. Igdi niya nakua an saiyang mga "degrees" asin nagkonduktar nin mga "scientific works". Kairiba an saiyang agom na si Pierre Curie asin an physicist na si [[:en:Henri_Becquerel|Henri Becquerel]], ginana ninda an [[:en:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics|"Nobel Prize in Physics"]] kan 1903. Ginana niya man an [[:en:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry|"Nobel Prize in Chemistry"]] kan 1911.
Kairiba sa saiyang mga akomplisimyento iyo an pagpatalubo kan teorya sa "radioactivity" (sarong terminong siya an kaggibo), sarong teknik sa pagsuway sa "radioactive isotopes, an pagkadiskubre sa duwang elemento, [[:en:Polonium|"polonium"]] saka [[:en:Radium|"radium"]]. Sa saiyang pag-giya, an inot na pag-adal kan kinaban sa pag-tratar kan [[:en:Neoplasm|"neoplasms"]] kinundoktar gamit an "radioactive isotopes". Siya an nagmukna kan [[:en:Curie_Institute_(Paris)|"Curie Institutes"]] sa Paris asin sa Warsaw, na poon kaidto nagi na nin mayor na sentro kan mga pagtuklas medisina. Kan [[:en:World_War_I|primerong gerang pangkinaban]], siya nag gibo nin mga "mobile radiography units" tangani na magtao nin [[:en:X-ray|"X-ray"]] services sa mga [[:en:Field_hospital|panluwas na ospital]].
Mantang siya "citizen" pa sa Pransya, si Marie Skłodowska Curie, na naggagamit kan duwang apelyido, dai man giraray nawara an saiyang pagbisto sa saiyang "Polish Identity". Tinukduan niya an mga aki niya nin "Polish" na lenggwahe asin dinadara niya man an mga ini sa Poland. Pinangaranan niyang "Polonium" an saiyang inot na nadiskubreng elemento, base sa saiyang pinaghalian na nasyon.
Kan 1934, nagadan si Marie Curie sa edad na 66, sa sarong "sanatorium" sa Pransya, huli sa hilang na [[:en:Aplastic_anemia|aplastic anemia]]. Ini gikan sa halawig niyang pag-atubang sa mga "radiation" sa lawig kan saiyang "scientific research" asin sa dalagan kan saiyang "radiological work" sa mga panluwas na ospital kan primerong gerang pangkinaban.
== Toltolan ==
<references />
{{poon}}
[[Kategorya:Mga siyentista]]
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Anacardioideae
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{{automatic taxobox
| taxon = Anacardioideae
| authority = [[Takht.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Tribo
| subdivision =
* [[Anacardieae]]
* [[Dobineae]]
* [[Rhoeae]]
* [[Semecarpeae]]
| synonyms =
*''Blepharocaryaceae'' {{Au|Airy Shaw}}
*''Comocladiaceae'' {{au|Martynov}}
*''Julianaceae'' {{au|Hemsl.}}
*''Julianiaceae''
*''Lentiscaceae'' {{au|Horaninow}}
*''Pistaciaceae'' {{au|(Marchand) Caruel.}}
*''Podoaceae'' {{au|Baill. ex Franch.}}
*''Schinaceae'' {{au|Rafinesque}}
*''Vernicaceae'' {{au|Link}}<ref name=BioLib/>
}}
'''Anacardioideae''' subpamily kan pamilyang [[Anacardiaceae]].
==Genera==
<ref name=BioLib/><ref name=GRIN/>
{{div col}}
{{Unbulleted list|
''[[Actinocheita]]''|
''[[Amphipterygium]]''|
''[[Anacardium]]''|
''[[Androtium]]''|
''[[Apterokarpos]]''|
''[[Astronium]]''|
''[[Baronia (plant)|Baronia]]''|
''[[Blepharocarya]]''|
''[[Bonetiella]]''|
''[[Bouea]]''|
''[[Buchanania]]''|
''[[Campnosperma]]''|
''[[Campylopetalum]]''|
''[[Cardenasiodendron]]''|
''[[Comocladia]]'' – maidenplum|
''[[Cotinus]]'' – smoketree|
''[[Dobinea]]''|
''[[Drimycarpus]]''|
''[[Euleria]]''<ref name=BioLib/>|
''[[Euroschinus]]''|
''[[Faguetia]]''|
''[[Fegimanra]]''|
''[[Gluta]]'' (synonym ''Melanorrhoea''<ref name=BioLib/><ref>[http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1852-1 POWO: ''Melanorrhoea'' Wall. is a synonym of ''Gluta'' L.]</ref>)|
''[[Haplorhus]]''|
''[[Heeria]]''|
''[[Holigarna]]''|
''[[Laurophyllus]]''|
''[[Lithraea]]''|
''[[Loxopterygium]]''|
''[[Loxostylis]]''|
''[[Malosma]]'' – laurel sumac|
''[[Mangifera]]'' – mango|
''[[Mauria]]''|
''[[Melanochyla]]''|
''[[Melanococca]]''<ref name=GRIN/>|
''[[Metopium]]'' – Florida poisontree|
''[[Micronychia (plant)|Micronychia]]''|
''[[Mosquitoxylum]]''|
''[[Nothopegia]]''|
''[[Ochoterenaea]]''|
''[[Orthopterygium]]''|
''[[Ozoroa]]''|
''[[Pachycormus (plant)|Pachycormus]]''|
''[[Parishia]]''|
''[[Pentaspadon]]''|
''[[Pistacia]]'' – pistachio|
''[[Protorhus]]''|
''[[Pseudosmodingium]]''|
''[[Rhodosphaera]]''|
''[[Rhus]]'' – sumac|
''[[Schinopsis]]''|
''[[Schinus]]'' – peppertree|
''[[Searsia (plant)|Searsia]]''|
''[[Semecarpus]]''|
''[[Smodingium]]''|
''[[Sorindeia]]''|
''[[Swintonia]]''|
''[[Thyrsodium]]''|
''[[Toxicodendron]]'' – poison oak|
''[[Trichoscypha]]''
}}
{{div col end}}
==Toltolan==
{{reflist | refs =
<ref name=BioLib>{{cite web | url = https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id730183/ | title = Anacardioideae | work = BioLib | accessdate = 14 Jul 2015 | archive-date = 15 July 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150715153724/http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id730183/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
<ref name=GRIN>
{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2499 |title=Genera of ''Anacardiaceae'' subfam. ''Anacardioideae'' |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] (GRIN) [Online Database] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland |accessdate=14 Jul 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924052813/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2499 |archivedate=2015-09-24 }}
</ref>
}}
== Bibliograpiya ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Pell|first1=Susan K.|last2=Mitchell|first2=John D.|last3=Lowry|first3=Porter P.|last4=Randrianasolo|first4=Armand|last5=Urbatsch|first5=Lowell E.|title=Phylogenetic Split of Malagasy and African Taxa of ''Protorhus'' and ''Rhus'' (Anacardiaceae) Based on cpDNA ''trnL–trnF'' and nrDNA ETS and ITS Sequence Data|journal=Systematic Botany|date=1 April 2008|volume=33|issue=2|pages=375–383|doi=10.1600/036364408784571545}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pell|first1=Susan Katherine|title=Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae)|date=May 2004|publisher=Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University|url=http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04152004-101232/unrestricted/Pell_dis.pdf|format=PhD thesis|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821121314/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04152004-101232/unrestricted/Pell_dis.pdf|archive-date=2008-08-21|dead-url=yes|df=}}
{{Refend}}
[[Kategorya:Anacardiaceae]]
[[Kategorya:Rosid subfamilies]]
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Janet Mock
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{{short description|Writer, TV host, director, and activist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Janet Mock
| image = Janet Mock Head Shot.png
| caption =
| alt =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|03|10}}
| birth_place = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], U.S.
| residence = [[New York City]]
| citizenship = Estados Unidos
| education = {{unbulleted list
| [[University of Hawaii at Manoa]] ([[B.A.]])
| [[New York University]] ([[Master of Arts|M.A.]]) }}
| occupation = Parasurat, may-akda
| known_for = ''[[Redefining Realness]]'', transgender activism<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/9679052/My-womanhood-is-valid-transgender-activist-Janet-Mock-calls-for-change.html "My womanhood is valid': transgender activist Janet Mock calls for change"], ''Telegraph'', January 1, 2017.</ref><ref name=MSNBC>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.com/melissa-harris-perry/watch/not-enough-of-our-stories-are-being-told-133656643761 |title=Trans activist: 'Not enough of our stories are being told' |publisher=MSNBC |date=February 1, 2014 |accessdate=February 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101193035/http://www.msnbc.com/melissa-harris-perry/watch/not-enough-of-our-stories-are-being-told-133656643761 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| spouse = {{marriage|Aaron Tredwell|2015|2019}}
}}
Si '''Janet Mock''' (namundag Marso 10, 1983)<ref>[http://www.oprah.com/own-super-soul-sunday/How-Janet-Mock-Began-Living-Authentically-at-Age-15-Video "How Janet Mock Began Living Authentically at Age 15"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710074517/http://www.oprah.com/own-super-soul-sunday/How-Janet-Mock-Began-Living-Authentically-at-Age-15-Video |date=2017-07-10 }}, ''SuperSoul Sunday''.</ref> sarong Amerikanong parasurat, tagapagmidbid sa telebisyon, prodyuser, asin aktibista kan mga karapatan kan transgender. An saiyang libro, na sarong memoir na may titulong [[Redefining Realness]], nagin bestseller sa [[The New York Times]]. Sya sarong tagaliwat sa [[Marie Claire]] asin dating staff editor kan [[People]] magasin na websityo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/relationship-issues/born-male |title=I Was Born a Boy |last=Mock |first=Janet |date=May 18, 2011 |work=Marie Claire |accessdate=January 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.poynter.org/2014/janet-mock-wont-be-thrown-into-a-corner-as-the-trans-correspondent-at-marie-claire/259806/
| title = Janet Mock won't 'be thrown into a corner as the trans correspondent' at Marie Claire |author=Klinger, Lauren
| website = Poynter
| language = en-US |date=July 22, 2014
| access-date =February 25, 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine
| url = http://prospect.org/article/janet-mocks-brilliant-cultural-insurgency
| title = Janet Mock's Brilliant Cultural Insurgency
| first = Chloe
| last = Angyal
| magazine = The American Prospect
| date = April 13, 2015
| access-date = February 25, 2016
| archive-date = March 5, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305153607/http://prospect.org/article/janet-mocks-brilliant-cultural-insurgency
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-02-23/hardcover-nonfiction/list.html
| title = Best Sellers |newspaper= The New York Times
| website = |date=February 23, 2014
| access-date =February 25, 2016
}}</ref>
==Kaamayi kan buhay asin Edukasyon==
Si Janet Mock namundag sa [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], panduwang aki sa pamilya.<ref name=Zak>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/trans-advocate-janet-mock-dreams-bigger-after-redefining-realness/2014/02/13/dec331fa-94cb-11e3-b46a-5a3d0d2130da_story.html |title=Trans advocate Janet Mock dreams bigger after 'Redefining Realness' |last=Zak |first=Dan |date=February 13, 2014 |work=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2011/05/i-was-born-a-boy-whats-religion-got-to-do-with-it/ |title='I Was Born a Boy': What's Religion Got to Do With It? |last=Viera |first=Ben |date=May 2011 |magazine=Clutch |access-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222214/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2011/05/i-was-born-a-boy-whats-religion-got-to-do-with-it/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>Ruth Manuel-Logan, [http://newsone.com/3078880/he-put-a-ring-on-it-transgender-rights-activist-janet-mock-gets-engaged/ "He Put A Ring On It: Transgender Rights Activist Janet Mock Gets Engaged!"],</ref> An saiyang ama na si Charlie Mock III, sarong Aprikano-Amerikano, asin an saindang ina na si Elizabeth (nee Barrett), hali sa lahing Hawaiian asin Portuguese.<ref name=fdr1>Stated on ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', October 24, 2017.</ref> Si Mock nag istar sa Hawaii sa mga taon kan saiang kajovenan, pati sa parte kan Oakland, California; asin Dallas.<ref name="marieclaire1">{{cite web|last=Mock |first=Janet |url=http://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/relationship-issues/born-male |title=Woman Discusses Her Gender Reassignment – Transsexual Woman Janet Mock |work=Marie Claire |date=May 18, 2011 |accessdate=February 6, 2014}}</ref> Siya nagpoon kan saiyang transisyon kan siya yaon sa inot na taon sa hayskul, asin pinondohan niya an saiyang transisyong medikal sa paagi kan pagtipon nin kwarta sa paagi kan pagiging bayaran kan siya joven pa.<ref name="buzzfeed1">{{cite web|first=Claire |last=Pires |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/clairepires/janet-mock-opens-up-about-life-as-a-trans-sex-worker-at-age |title=Janet Mock Opens Up About Her Experiences As A Trans Sex Worker at Age 16 |publisher=Buzzfeed.com |date= |accessdate=February 6, 2014}}</ref> Nagkawat siya nin volleyball kan nasa hayskul pa siya, an kawat na nagkasunduan ninsa kan saiyang kababata na si Wendi, na nagtabang man kay Janet na ipahiling an saiyang feminidad.<ref name="Mock" /> Pinili niya an ngaran na Janet hali sa ngaran ni [[Janet Jackson]].<ref name="buzzfeed1" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://shine.yahoo.com/healthy-living/the-latest--greatest-face-of-the-trans-movement--5-amazing-janet-mock-facts-222218339.html |title=The Latest, Greatest Face of the Trans Movement: 5 Amazing Janet Mock Facts | Healthy Living – Yahoo Shine |publisher=Shine.yahoo.com |date=January 30, 2014 |accessdate=February 6, 2014 |archive-date=July 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730093902/http://shine.yahoo.com/healthy-living/the-latest--greatest-face-of-the-trans-movement--5-amazing-janet-mock-facts-222218339.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sya an pinaka inot sa saindang pamilya na makatungtong sa kolehiyo. Sya nag-agi sa sex reassignment surgery sa [[Thailand]] sa edad sa 18 anyos, sa katahawi kan saiyang inot na taon sa kolehiyo.<ref name=marieclaire1 /> Si Mock nakakua nin a Bachelor of Arts sa Fashion Merchandising sa [[University of Hawaii]] sa [[Manoa]] kan 2004, asin Master of Arts sa Journalism sa [[New York University]] kan 2006.<ref name="about">{{cite web |url=http://janetmock.com/janet-mock-bio/ |title=About Janet Mock |publisher=Janetmock.com |accessdate=March 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718042414/http://janetmock.com/janet-mock-bio/ |archive-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="mediabistro2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=12031& |title=So What Do You Do, Janet Mock, Writer, Transgender Advocate and Author? |publisher=Mediabistro |date=February 26, 2014 |first=Janday |last=Wilson |accessdate=October 15, 2014 |archive-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802205316/http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=12031& |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
==Karera==
Pagkatapos kan saiyang pagklase sa New York University, siya nagpoon na magtrabaho sa People magasin, kun sain siya sarong staff editor sa halos limang taon.<ref name="mediabistro2014" /> An saiyang karera bilang sarong journalist nagpoon sa pagiging paraliwat hanggang sa maging sarong media advocate kan siya nagluwas na sa publiko bilang transwoman kan 2011 sa Marie Claire na artikulo, sinurat ini ni Kierna Mayo sa boses ni Mock. Naging isyu ki Mock ang representasyon kan magasin saiya kan naisurat igdi na siya namundag asin nagdakula na sarong lalaki; sinabi ni Mock na siya babae kadto paman.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mayo |first=Kierna |url=http://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/relationship-issues/born-male-2 |title=I Was Born a Boy |work=Marie Claire |date=May 18, 2011 |accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://janetmock.com/2013/09/12/men-who-date-attracted-to-trans-women-stigma/ |title=How Society Shames Men Dating Trans Women & How This Affects Our Lives |website=Janet Mock |quote=I am a trans woman. My sisters are trans women. We are not secrets. We are not shameful. We are worthy of respect, desire, and love. As there are many kinds of women, there are many kinds of men, and many men desire many kinds of women, trans women are among these women. And let's be clear: Trans women are women.}}</ref> Sinabi nin Mock, "Ako pinangaki sa inaapod kan mga doktor na hawak kan lalaki, mayo akong naging pilian sa itinao sakong kasarian kan ako namundag. An sakuyang genital reconstructive surgery dae ako ginibong babayi, ta dati naman akong babayi."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://janetmock.com/2011/05/17/janet-mock-comes-out-transgender-marie-claire |title='More Than A Pretty Face': Sharing My Journey To Womanhood |website=Janet Mock |language=en-US |access-date=July 2, 2018|quote=I was born in what doctor's proclaim is a boy's body. I had no choice in the assignment of my sex at birth. I take issue with the two instances in the piece: The first instance proclaims, "Until she was 18, Janet was a boy," and then it goes on to say, "I even found other boys like me there…" My genital reconstructive surgery did not make me a girl. I was always a girl.}}</ref> Kan 2014, habang inilulunsad niya an saiyang libro na Redefining Realness, inulit niya na dae niya pinili an titulo kan artikulong nasa Marie Claire, asin sinabi na ini dakul problema.<ref name="Mock">{{cite book|first=Janet |last=Mock|title=Redefining Realness: My Path to Womanhood, Identity, Love & So Much More|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Redefining_Realness.html?id=zUtvAAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Atria Books|isbn=978-1-4767-0912-3|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/05/author-janet-mock-returns-to-piers-morgan-live-for-a-second-interview/ |title=Author Janet Mock returns to 'Piers Morgan Live' for a second interview |last=Kurtz |first=Jason |website=Piers Morgan |via=CNN.com Blogs |access-date=February 6, 2014 |archive-date=February 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224140349/http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/05/author-janet-mock-returns-to-piers-morgan-live-for-a-second-interview/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> An tagaliwat kan nasabing pyesa na si Lea Goldman, sinuportahan man si Mock sa paagi kan sarong tweet, "Sa pagigin patas, nagigirumduman kong igwa nin pagtutol sa titulo kan titulo na "I Was Born a Boy". Alagad pinadagos mi man giraray. #pagsisi."<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=lea|number=432293186786971648|first=Lea|last= Goldman |title=To be fair, I do recall @janetmock & @kiernamayo taking issue with our @marieclaire hed, "I Was Born a Boy." I went with it anyway. #regrets|date= February 8, 2014|access-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> Si Mock nagin contibutor editor sa Marie Calire, kun sain siya nagsurat nin mga artikulo tungkol sa rasang representasyon sa pelikula asinn telebisyon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a11692/living-color/|title=Living Color|date=December 1, 2014|website=Marie Claire|access-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> pati na an presensiya kan mga transwomen sa pangkinaban na industriya kan pampagayon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a14161/my-transgender-beauty-role-models/|title=Janet Mock: Trans Women *Are* Real Women|date=April 23, 2015|website=Marie Claire|access-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://colorlines.com/archives/2014/07/janet_mock_clarifies_new_role_at_marie_claire_wont_be_trans_correspondent.html|title=Janet Mock Clarifies New Role at Marie Claire, Won't Be 'Trans Correspondent'|work=COLORLINES|accessdate=February 7, 2015|date=July 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808075342/http://colorlines.com/archives/2014/07/janet_mock_clarifies_new_role_at_marie_claire_wont_be_trans_correspondent.html|archive-date=August 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Mga onra asin gawad==
Kan Nobyembre 2012, an Sylvia Rivera Law Project nagtao ki Mock nin Sylvia Activist Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elixher.com/janet-mock-receives-sylvia-rivera-activist-award/ |title=Janet Mock Receives Sylvia Rivera Activist Award |website=Elixher |date=November 12, 2012 |accessdate=March 3, 2016}}</ref>
Si Mock nakasali sa trans 100, an inot na taonanglistahan sa nagbibisto sa 100 transgender advocates kan Estados Unidos, asain nagtao nin pagtaram bunsod na programa kan Marso 29, 2013 sa [[Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thetrans100.com/about/|title=About|work=The Trans 100|accessdate=February 7, 2015|archive-date=February 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206030034/http://thetrans100.com/about/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/05/trans-100-trans-h4ck_n_4731949.html|title='Trans 100' and 'Trans* H4CK' Events to Be Held in Chicago|first=James |last=Nichols|work=The Huffington Post|date=February 5, 2014|accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/saeedjones/100-amazing-trans-americans-you-should-know|title=100 Amazing Trans Americans You Should Know|first=Saeed |last=Jones|work=BuzzFeed|date=|accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref>
Kan Nobyembre 14, 2013, si Mock tinawan onra kan OUT100, ''Out MAgazine's 100'' "most compelling people of the year" na nagbisto kay Laverne Cox bilang resipiyente kan Reader's Choice Award. Pinangaranan man siya saro sa mga GOOD Magazine's GOOD 100 for " Building an Online Army to Defend #GirlsLikeUs."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.good.is/articles/good-100-meet-janet-mock-building-an-online-army-to-defend-girlslikeus|title=GOOD 100: Meet Janet Mock, Building an Online Army to Defend #GirlsLikeUs|website=GOOD Magazine|date=June 4, 2013|access-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
Si Mock kasali sa vidyo kan [[Google Doodle]] para sa International Women's Day kan 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Google's International Women's Day Doodle Includes Trans Women|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/03/07/googles-international-womens-day-doodle-includes-trans-women|author= Molloy, Parker Marie|date=March 7, 2014|newspaper=The Advocate|author-link=Parker Marie Molloy}}</ref>
Kan Abril 2014, an GLSEN nagtao ki Mock nin inspirasyon Award sa GLSEN Respect Awards,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glsen.org/article/glsen-honor-janet-mock-att-respect-awards-new-york|title=GLSEN to Honor Janet Mock, AT&T at Respect Awards – New York|website=GLSEN|access-date=March 4, 2016|archive-date=March 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175828/http://www.glsen.org/article/glsen-honor-janet-mock-att-respect-awards-new-york|dead-url=yes}}</ref> asin kan Oktubre an [[The Feminist Press]] nagtao nin onra patra sa saiyang aktibismo sa The Women & Power Gala.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feministpress.org/news-events/2014-feminist-press-gala|title=The 2014 Women & Power Gala was a huge success!|website=The Feminist Press|access-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307181412/http://www.feministpress.org/news-events/2014-feminist-press-gala|archive-date=March 7, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
==Personal na buhay==
Si Mock sa [[Syudad nin New York]]. Nagpakasal siya sa sarong litratista na si Aaron Tredwell kan 2015. An mag-agom nagsumite nin dibursyo kan Pebrero 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/janet-mock-files-divorce-husband-193119560.html|title=Janet Mock Files for Divorce From Husband of Three Years}}</ref>
==Toltolan==
{{reflist|2}}
{{poon}}
[[Kategorya: Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2020]]
76avi6iw4fknbuvy315iaourtj2cx54
Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski
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Si '''Mikaela María Antonia "Mikee" de los Reyes Cojuangco-Jaworski''' (ipinangaki kan Pebrero 26, 1974) sarong [[Namamanwaan na Pilipino|Pilipinong]] equestrienne, modelo, lokal na host asin artista sa telebisyon. Siya sarong gold medalist sa 2002 Asian Games sa Busan, [[Sur nin Korea|South Korea]].<ref>[https://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/24521820/mikee-cojuangco-jaworski-pleased-filipina-gold-medalists Cojuangco-Jaworski pleased with Filipina gold medalists] ESPN (pighugot 2020-3-8)</ref>
== Kaamayi kan buhay ==
[[Ladawan:Front facade of Cojuangco House with the Jose C. Cojuangco historical marker - 1.jpg|thumb|too|Lumang harong nin Jose Chichioco Cojuangco sa Syudad nin Malolos, Bulacan]]
Si Cojuangco-Jaworski ipinangaki ki Jose Cojuangco, Jr., dating Representate kan [[Tarlac]] asin Tingting Cojuangco, dating Govbernador kan Tarlac asin ngunyan iyo an presidente kan Philippine Public Safety College. An saiyang ama gikan sa pamilya Cojuangco kan Tarlac sa Central Luzon na kagrugaring kan sarong 6,000-hektaryang plantasyon nin asukar na midbid bilang Hacienda Luisita. Siya pamangkin man kan dating Presidente kan Filipinas na si [[Corazon Aquino|Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino]], pinsan kan artista man na si [[Kris Aquino]] asin dating Presidente [[Benigno Aquino III|Noynoy Aquino]].
Si Mikee iyo an ikatulo sa limang mga aking anas babae: Luisita C. Bautista, Josephine C. Guingona, Margarita Demetria C. Zini asin Regina Patricia Jose Cojuangco.
Si Mikee inot na nabantog bilang sarong modelo kan komersyal na Swatch kan 1991 kun sain siya nagluwas kaiba an basketbolistang si Alvin Patrimonio.
Si Cojuangco-Jaworski sarong high school alumna kan Colegio San Agustin sa [[Makati|Syudad nin Makati]]. Siya nagtapos nin Batsilyer kan Arte sa Sikolohiya sa [[Ateneo de Manila na Unibersidad|Ateneo de Manila University]] kan 1996. Kan parehong taon, si Cojuangco nagluwas sa saiyang pinakamatriyumpong pelikula, an DoReMi, kaiba si Donna Cruz asin Regine Velasquez.
== Filmograpiya ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;”"
! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" |Telebisyon
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
|'''Year'''
|'''Title'''
|'''Role'''
|'''Notes'''
|-
|1994
|''[[Eat Bulaga!]]''
|Siya
|Host
|-
|1994
|''Forever''
|Joyce/Isabelle
|Panginot na aktres
|-
|1994
|''Mikee''
|
|Panginot na aktres
|-
|1995
|''I Love You Sabado!!''
|Angelic
|
|-
|1995
|''Manalo Matalo, Mahal Kita''
|Pat
|Panginot na aktres
|-
|1996
|''DoReMi''
|Mikki Tolentino
|Panginot na papel
|-
|1996
|''Mahal kita, alam mo ba?''
|Teresa
|Panginot na aktres
|-
|1997
|''Nag-iisang ikaw''
|
|
|-
|1997
|''Buhay mo'y buhay ko rin''
|SP01 Digna Sta. Rita
|
|-
|1998
|''Dahil ba sa kanya''
|
|
|-
|1999
|''Mikee Forever''
|
|Panginot na aktres
|-
|1999
|''Dear Mikee''
|
|Panginot na aktres
|-
|1999
|''Kasangga: Kahit Kailan''
|
|
|-
|2003
|''All About You''
|Herself
|Host
|-
|2006
|''Majika''
|Tamara
|Espesyal na partisipasyon
|-
|2009
|''You Changed My Life''
|Christina
|Katuwang na papel
|-
|2011
|''Magic Palayok''
|Isadora De Leon
|Espesyal na partisipasyon
|-
|2011
|''I-Shine Talent Camp TV''
|Herself
|Host
|-
|2017
|''Full House Tonight''
|Herself
|Bisitang artista
|-
|}
== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}
== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski on IMDb
* [http://www.stormviz.com/mikee/ Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski's Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915113121/http://www.stormviz.com/mikee/ |date=2008-09-15 }}
* [http://www.sporthorsecm.com/artman/publish/art112.shtml Sportshorsecm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126085359/http://www.sporthorsecm.com/artman/publish/art112.shtml |date=2005-11-26 }}
{{tamboan}}
ii34pb2j620ts9ahc6cumntgp0kv20q
Dior Fall Sow
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Si '''Elisabeth Dior Fall Sow''' (namundag kan 1968) sarong dating isang Senegalese na hurado asin legal na iskolar.<ref name=ThieyDakar>[https://thieydakar.net/portrait-me-dior-fall-sow-une-pionniere-toujours-aux-aguets/ PORTRAIT: Me Dior Fall Sow, une pionnière toujours aux aguets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316230732/https://thieydakar.net/portrait-me-dior-fall-sow-une-pionniere-toujours-aux-aguets/ |date=2020-03-16 }}, ''Thiey Dakar'', 24 November 2017. Accessed 10 March 2020.</ref> Siya an inot na babaeng tagausig sa [[Senegal]], na hinirang sa Republika sa Hukuman nin Inot na Pag-inspeksyon kan Saint-Louis kan 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/dakar/dior-fall-sow-et-les-droits-des-femmes-un-combat-acharne-258923|title=Dior Fall Sow et les droits des femmes : un combat acharné|website=lepetitjournal.com|language=fr|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://samarew.com/dior-fall-sow-1ere-femme-procureure-le-jour-ou-jai-dit-non-au-pouvoir/|title=Dior Fall Sow, 1ère femme procureure : « le jour où j’ai dit non au pouvoir »|last=Samarew|date=2019-06-24|website=SAMAREW INFOS|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-03-10|archive-date=2020-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316204356/https://samarew.com/dior-fall-sow-1ere-femme-procureure-le-jour-ou-jai-dit-non-au-pouvoir/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Siya sarong honoraryong presidente kan Association of Women Jurists.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/media-50953114|title="Les violeurs ne seront plus punis par des peines qui ne sont pas dissuasives"|date=2019-12-31|work=BBC News Afrique|access-date=2020-03-10|language=fr}}</ref>
== Buhay ==
Kan 1976, si Dior Taglagas Sow hinirang na pampublikong tagausig sa Saint-Louis,<ref name=ThieyDakar/> kaya siya an kainot-inoting babaeng prosekyutor sa Senegal. Siya nagin National Director of Supervision kan Edukasyon asin Proteksyon nin Sosyedad, Direktor kan Legal Affairs sa Sonatel-Orange, Legal Advisor sa International Criminal Tribunal para sa Rwanda, Pamayong Abogado para sa Court of Appeals kan Criminal Court of Justice kan Rwanda, asin Konsultant para sa International Criminal Court.<ref>[https://www.ellesolaire.org/our-donators/dior-fall-sow/ Dior Fall Sow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316230740/https://www.ellesolaire.org/our-donators/dior-fall-sow/ |date=2020-03-16 }}, ellesolaire.org. Accessed 10 March 2020.</ref>
Matapos makagibo nin sarong pag-adal sa UNICEF na napakarhay ay ley kan Senegal sosog sa mga kombensiyon ng UN, pinanginotan ni Dior Fall Sow an sarong koponan na naghaman nin ley kan Senegal kang 1999 na nagbabawal sa genital mutilation nin kababaihan.<ref>David Hecht, [https://www.csmonitor.com/1999/0204/p1s3.html When a law sweeps in, tradition lashes back], ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'', February 4, 1999. Accessed 10 March 2020.</ref>
Poon 2001 hanggan 2005 siya nagin miyembro kan African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Rachel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn99aYmBry8C&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168&dq=Dior+Fall+Sow&source=bl&ots=9Y5Pf_yZZf&sig=ACfU3U1veVxUXH3oLDpKBNufqMDDKohGNw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid-a3k55DoAhWEl3IEHeEeDJIQ6AEwFHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=Dior%20Fall%20Sow&f=false|title=Human Rights in Africa: From the OAU to the African Union|date=2004-12-09|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45633-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.acerwc.africa/former-members/ Former Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311233848/https://www.acerwc.africa/former-members/ |date=2020-03-11 }}, ACERWC. Accessed 10 March 2020.</ref>
Kan 2015 siya hinirang na Honorary President kan Network ng mga Peryodista sa Gender asin Deretsos Humano. Nagretiro siya kan 2017.<ref name=ThieyDakar/>
== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}
==Hilinga pa==
* [[Miriam Rodriguez Martinez]]
* [[Nanfadima Magassouba]]
* [[Josefa Francisco]]
* [[Bogaletch Gebre]]
* [[Naziha al-Dulaimi]]
* [[Islam Bibi]]
* [[Faiza Jama Mohamed]]
* [[Maria Verónica Reina]]
* [[Hadja Saran Daraba]]
* [[Nidal Al Achkar]]
* [[Luisa Cuesta]]
{{poon}}
2jgjx13064i3kgyg39igjl7xcreiupa
Ashley Olsen
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{{Infobox person|name=Ashley Olsen|image=Ashley Olsen 2011 Shankbone.JPG|caption=Olsen at the [[Tribeca Film Festival]] in 2011|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1986|6|13}}|birth_place=[[Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California|Sherman Oaks, California]], U.S.|birth_name=Ashley Fuller Olsen|occupation={{hlist|Fashion designer|author|businesswoman|actress|producer}}|years_active=1987–2004 (actress)<br>2004–present (fashion designer)|website=|relatives=[[Mary-Kate Olsen]] (twin sister)<br/>[[Elizabeth Olsen]] (sister)}}Si '''Ashley Fuller Olsen''' (pinangaki kan Hunyo 13, 1986) sarong Amerikanang tagadesinyo nin moda, negosyantem awtor,dating aktres asin.Nagpuon siya kan saiyang karera sa pag-arte siyam na bulan kan siya ipangaki kaiba an saiyang kakambal na si [[Mary-Kate Olsen]] sa parehas nindang ginampanan na [[Michelle Tanner]] sa sitcom nin telebisyon sa ''[[Full House]]'' (1987–1995). Nag-ibanan man sinda sa dakol na pelikula.
Kan 1993, namukna an kompanyang [[Dualstar Entertainment Group]], na kun saen nagluwas ang magtugang sa mga pelikula sa telebisyon asin mga [[direct-to-video]]; nagbida sinda sa ''[[Passport to Paris]]'' (1999), ''[[Our Lips Are Sealed (film)|Our Lips Are Sealed]]'' (2000), ''[[Winning London]]'' (2001), ''[[Holiday in the Sun (film)|Holiday in the Sun]]'' (2001) asin mga serye sa telebisyon na ''[[So Little Time]]'' (2001–2002).
Nagbida man sinda sa ''[[Getting There (film)|Getting There]]'' (2002), ''[[When in Rome (2002 film)|When in Rome]]'' (2002), ''[[The Challenge (2003 film)|The Challenge]]'' (2003) asin nagkaigwa nin camero sa ''[[Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle]]'' (2003). An huri nindang pelikula na magkaiba iyo an ''[[New York Minute (film)|New York Minute]]'' (2004). Nagpadagos siya sa pag-arte nin solo, nagluluwas na bisitang artista sa mga asin pelikula asin [[music video]].
Kan Marso 2012, parehas na nagpundo si [[Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen|Mary-Kate asin Ashley]] sa pag-arte para makatutok sa saindang karera sa industriya nin moda.
Siya asin an saiyang kakambal minukna na an tatak na [[The Row (fashion label)|The Row]], Elizabeth and James, asin mga abot-kayang mga bado, Olsenboye and StyleMint.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://sg.news.yahoo.com/olsen-twins-fashion-053000500.html|title=Olsen twins: We're all about fashion|publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=May 11, 2012|access-date=June 18, 2012|archive-date=June 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618060318/http://sg.news.yahoo.com/olsen-twins-fashion-053000500.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Nagsurat man sindang libro na ''Influence'', na igwamg mga interbyu kan mga tagadesinyo nin moda na naging inspirasyon kan saindang mga desinyo. Miyembro man sinda nin [[Council of Fashion Designers of America]].
[[Ladawan:Ashley_Mary-Kate_Olsen_2011_Shankbone.jpg|alt=|thumb|Si Olsen (wala) kaiba an saiyang kakambal na si [[Mary-Kate Olsen]] sa Tribeca Film Festival 2011]]
== Personal na buhay ==
Kan 2005, nagsampa nin kaso si Olsen na may kantidad na $40 milyon laban sa magasin na tabloid na ''[[National Enquirer]]'' na sinasabing kabali siya sa nagdodroga. naghagad nin kapatawadan an The ''National Enquirer'' asin dae ninda tuyo na mabali siya sa kontrobersiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/CelebrityCafe/story?id=7618484&page=1|last=Marikar|first=Sheila|title=The National Enquierer: Enemy No. 1?|work=ABC News|date=May 19, 2009|access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>
Sinasabing kailusyon ni Olsen si Louis Eisner puon kan Octobre 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bailey|first1=Alyssa|title=All About Ashley Olsen's Boyfriend Louis Eisner, the Artist She's Been Low-Key Dating for Years|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a28550884/who-is-ashley-olsen-boyfriend-louis-eisner/|access-date=9 December 2020|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|date=May 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Vacco-Bolanos|first1=Jessica|title=Ashley Olsen Sparks Engagement Rumors With Boyfriend Louis Eisner|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/ashley-olsen-sparks-engagement-rumors-with-boyfriend-louis-eisner/|access-date=9 December 2020|work=[[Us Magazine]]|date=July 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tailor|first1=Leena|title=Ashley Olsen Sparks Engagement Rumors During Date Night With Boyfriend Louis Eisner|url=https://www.etonline.com/ashley-olsen-sparks-engagement-rumors-during-date-night-with-boyfriend-louis-eisner-129538|access-date=9 December 2020|work=[[ET Online]]|date=July 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bennett|first1=Elizabeth|title=Who Is Louis Eisner? Everything You Need To Know About Ashley Olsen's Boyfriend|url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/celebrity/news/ashley-olsen-boyfriend-louis-eisner/|access-date=9 December 2020|work=[[Grazia Daily]]|date=May 15, 2020|quote=It is unknown how the pair originally met but they were first seen out together at Hammer Museum’s Gala in the Garden in Los Angeles in October 2017.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lamare|first1=Amy|title=Ashley Olsen Spotted With Bling On Ring Finger — Is She Engaged To Louis Eisner?|url=https://www.yourtango.com/2019326773/ashley-olsen-engaged-louis-eisner|access-date=9 December 2020|work=[[YourTango]]|date=August 1, 2019|quote=Ashley and her artist boyfriend have been officially dating since October 2017.}}</ref>
== Pilmograpiya ==
{{Further|Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen#Selected filmography}}
== Mga onra ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Taon
! scope="col" |Asosasyon
! scope="col" |Kategorya
! scope="col" |Nominadong Gibo
! scope="col" |Resulta
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|1989
| rowspan="5" |[[Young Artist Award|Young Artist Awards]]
|[[10th Youth in Film Awards#Best Young Performer Under 9 Years of Age|Best Young Actor/Actress – Under Five Years of Age]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''Full House''|| {{won}}
|
|-
|1990
|[[11th Youth in Film Awards#Best Young Performer Under 9 Years of Age|Outstanding Performance by an Actress Under Nine Years of Age]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''Full House''|| {{won}}
|
|-
|1992
|[[13th Youth in Film Awards#Best Young Performer Under 10 Years of Age|Exceptional Performance by a Young Actress Under Ten]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''Full House''|| {{won}}
|
|-
|1994
|[[15th Youth in Film Awards#Best Young Performer in a TV Movie, Mini-Series or Special|Best Youth Actress in a TV Mini-Series, M.O.W. or Special]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''[[Double, Double, Toil and Trouble]]''|| {{won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|[[17th Youth in Film Awards#Best Performance by a Young Actress Under 10: Feature Film|Best Performance by an Actress Under Ten – Feature Film]]
|''[[It Takes Two (1995 film)|It Takes Two]]''|| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kids' Choice Awards]]
|[[1996 Kids' Choice Awards#Favorite Movie Actress|Favorite Movie Actress]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''It Takes Two''|| {{won}}
|
|-
|1999
|[[1999 Kids' Choice Awards#Favorite Television Actress|Favorite TV Actress]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''[[Two of a Kind (U.S. TV series)|Two of a Kind]]''|| {{won}}
|
|-
|2004
|[[Teen Choice Awards]]
|[[2004 Teen Choice Awards#Movie|Choice Movie Blush]] <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|''[[New York Minute (film)|New York Minute]]''|| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|[[Council of Fashion Designers of America]]
|Womenswear Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|[[The Row (fashion label)|The Row]]|| {{won}}
|<ref name="fashionista">[http://fashionista.com/2015/06/cfda-awards-2015 "The Row Wins CFDA Womenswear Designer of the Year Once Again"]. fashionista.com, June 1, 2015.</ref>
|-
|''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
|Innovator of the Year: Fashion <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{won}}
|<ref name="wsj">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204425904578072632618320160 "Sisters of the Divine"]. ''The Wall Street Journal'', October 25, 2012.</ref>
|-
|2014
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Accessories Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{won}}
|<ref>[http://cfda.com/blog/and-the-2014-cfda-fashion-award-winners-are "And the 2014 CFDA Fashion Awards Winners are…"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105145018/http://cfda.com/blog/and-the-2014-cfda-fashion-award-winners-are |date=2016-01-05 }}. cfda.com, June 3, 2014.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Accessories Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{nom}}
|<ref name="fashionista" />
|-
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Womenswear Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{won}}
|<ref name="fashionista" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Accessories Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{nom}}
|
|-
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Womenswear Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Accessories Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{nom}}
|<ref name="wwd4">[http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/2017-cfda-fashion-awards-nominees-named-10851207/ "2017 CFDA Fashion Awards Nominees Named"]. wwd.com, March 23, 2017.</ref>
|-
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Womenswear Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{nom}}
|<ref name="wwd4" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Accessories Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{won}}
|<ref name="wwd5">[http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/2018-cfda-awards-nominees-1202630023/ "2018 CFDA Fashion Awards Nominees Named"]. wwd.com, March 15, 2018.</ref>
|-
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Womenswear Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{nom}}
|<ref name="wwd5" />
|-
|2019
|Council of Fashion Designers of America
|Accessories Designer of the Year <small>(with Mary-Kate Olsen)</small>
|The Row|| {{won}}
|<ref name="cfda6">[https://cfda.com/news/and-the-2019-winners-are "And the 2019 Winners Are ..."]. cfda.com, June 3, 2019.</ref>
|}
== Hilingon man ==
* [[Dualstar]]
* [[Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen]]
* [[The Row (fashion label)|The Row]]
== Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}
== Magbasa pa lalo ==
* Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen, with Damon Romine. ''Mary-Kate and Ashley: Our Story: Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen's Official Biography''. [[HarperCollins]], 2000. {{ISBN|0061075698}}.
== Panluwas na mga takod ==
{{Commons category|Ashley Olsen}}
* {{IMDb name|0001580}}
* [http://www.tv.com/people/ashley-olsen/ Ashley Olsen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313000453/http://www.tv.com/people/ashley-olsen/ |date=2020-03-13 }} at TV.com
* [http://www.elizabethandjames.us Elizabeth and James]
* [http://www.nick.com/mary-kate-ashley-olsen/ Mary-Kate and Ashley] at Nickelodeon
{{Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen}}
{{Authority control}}
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Greta Thunberg
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{{Infobox tawo|name=Greta Thunberg|death_place=|awards={{Plainlist|
* [[Fritt Ord Award]] (2019)
* [[Rachel Carson Prize (environmentalist award)|Rachel Carson Prize]] (2019)
* [[Ambassador of Conscience Award]] (2019)
* [[Right Livelihood Award]] (2019)
* [[International Children's Peace Prize]] (2019)
* [[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]] (2019)
* [[Nordic Council Environment Prize]] (declined) (2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=Greta Thunberg rejects Nordic Council environmental award |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50232491#:~:text=Greta%20Thunberg%20has%20turned%20down,said%20it%20respected%20her%20decision. |website=BBC |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 September 2020 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111212344/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50232491#:~:text=Greta%20Thunberg%20has%20turned%20down,said%20it%20respected%20her%20decision. |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Gulbenkian Prize]] for Humanity (2020)
}}|honors=[[Honorary degree|Doctor honoris causa]], [[University of Mons]]|relatives=[[Olof Thunberg]] (grandfather)|movement=[[School strike for climate]]|years_active=2018–present|occupation={{ubl|Student|[[Environmental movement|environmental activist]]}}|death_date=|honorific_suffix={{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRSGS}}|birth_place=[[Stockholm]], Sweden|birth_date={{birth date and age|2003|1|3|df=y}}|birth_name=Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg<ref>{{cite web |title=The 2019 Makwan Prize is awarded to Greta Thunberg |url=http://www.everyonegroup.com/EveryOne/MainPage/Entries/2019/5/19_The_2019_Makwan_Prize_is_awarded_to_Greta_Thunberg.html |website=everyonegroup.com |publisher=EveryOne Group |date=19 May 2019 |access-date=30 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831162831/http://www.everyonegroup.com/EveryOne/MainPage/Entries/2019/5/19_The_2019_Makwan_Prize_is_awarded_to_Greta_Thunberg.html |archive-date=31 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greta Thunberg ist eine schwedische Umweltaktivistin. Sie kämpft für den Klimaschutz und für eine bessere Zukunft. |trans-title=Greta Thunberg is a Swedish environmental activist. She is fighting for climate protection and a better future. |url=https://www.rtl.de/themen/personen/greta-thunberg-t11146.html |website=[[RTL (German TV channel)|RTL]] |access-date=29 November 2019 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106091837/https://www.rtl.de/themen/personen/greta-thunberg-t11146.html |archive-date=6 November 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|caption=Thunberg in March 2020|alt=Portrait of Thunberg at the European Parliament in 2020|image=Greta Thunberg urges MEPs to show climate leadership (49618310531) (cropped).jpg|website=}}
Si '''Greta Trinsina Eleonora Ernman Thunberg''' (Suwes: [ˈːrːta ˈtːnærj] (listen); Namundag kan Enero 3 2003) sarong Suecong aktibista sa kapalibotan na midbid sa manlain - lain na lider sa kinaban na gumibo tulos nin pagbabago sa klima. □ Kan primero narisa si Thunberg an saiyang pagkahoben asin an saiyang prangkang pagtaram, kapwa sa publiko asin sa politikal na mga lider asin asimbliya, na dyan tinutuya nya an mga lideres sa kinaban huli sa dai ninda paggibo kan sinasabi nyang supisyenteng paghiro tanganing husayon an krisis sa klima.
== Kaamayi kan buhay ==
`Namundag si Greta Thunberg kan 3 Enero 2003 sa Stockholm, Sweden, an aking babayi kan parakanta sa opera na si Malena Ernman asin aktor na si Svante Thunberg.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arcticportal.org/ap-library/news/2110-greta-thunberg-s-climate-campaig|title=Greta Thunberg's climate campaign|date=21 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sympatico.ca/actualites/decouvertes/a-15-ans-elle-remet-les-dirigeants-mondiaux-a-leur-place-1.8622552|title=À 15 ans, elle remet les dirigeants mondiaux à leur place!|date=13 December 2018}}</ref> An saiyang lolohun iyo an direktor na si Olof Thunberg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/12/greta-thunberg/|title=Greta Thunberg: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|last=Santiago|first=Ellyn|date=14 December 2018|access-date=20 March 2021|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015727/https://heavy.com/news/2018/12/greta-thunberg/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/11/meet_the_15_year_old_swedish|title=School Strike for Climate: Meet 15-Year-Old Activist Greta Thunberg, Who Inspired a Global Movement (relevant info at 34:45)}}</ref>{{quote box|title=In her [[TED (conference)|TEDx Talk]]|quote=I was diagnosed with [[Asperger's syndrome]], [[OCD]] and [[selective mutism]]. That basically means I only speak when I think it's necessary. Now is one of those moments.|source=— Greta Thunberg, Stockholm, November 2018<ref name=NPR_20190828>{{cite web |last1=Brady |first1=Jeff |title=Teen Climate Activist Greta Thunberg Arrives in New York After Sailing The Atlantic |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/08/28/754818342/teen-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-arrives-in-new-york-after-sailing-the-atlan |website=NPR.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002000940/https://www.npr.org/2019/08/28/754818342/teen-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-arrives-in-new-york-after-sailing-the-atlan |archive-date=2 October 2019 |date=28 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>|align=right|width=40%|border=1px|fontsize=100%|bgcolor=#f0f0ff|title_bg=#f0f0ff|title_fnt=#202060|qalign=left|salign=right}}
== Aktibismo ==
=== Pagprotesta sa Riksdag ===
[[Ladawan:Greta_Thunberg_4.jpg|thumb|Si Thunberg sa atubangan kan parlamentong Sueco, na may kapot na "Skolstrejk ör client" (trastans./Strike para sa klima). Stockholm, Agosto 2018.]]
[[Ladawan:Old_town_Stockholm_the_bike_of_Greta.jpeg|thumb|Bisikleta sa Stockholm mapadapit sa Tunberg: " An krisis sa klima dapat na ibilang na krisis! An klima iyo an pinakamahalagang isyu sa eleksyon!]]
[[Ladawan:"FridaysForFuture"_protest_Berlin_14-12-2018_03.jpg|thumb|Sign sa Berlin, 14 Disyembre 2018.ה.]]
Kan Agosto 2018, pinunan ni Thunberg an mga pagprotesta sa mga eskwelahan manungod sa klima asin mga pampublikong pagtataram kun sain sya namidbid sa internasyunal asin piglinya pa ngani sa mga aktibistang pan-klima.
Sa sarong pakikiulay ki Amy Goodman na taga Democracy Today!, sinabi nguna nya na inot nyang inako an ideya nin sarong pagprotesta sa klima pakatapos na magkaigwa nin insedente nin baradilan sa eskwelahan sa Estados Unidos kan Pebrero 2018 nagresulta sa nagkapirang hobenes an habong bumalik sa eskwelahan.
== Mga Gibo ==
* ''[[:en:Scenes_from_the_Heart|Scenes from the Heart]]'' (2018), kaiba an saiyang tugang na babae, an ama asin ina.
* ''[[:en:No_One_Is_Too_Small_to_Make_a_Difference|No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference]]'' (Mayo 2019), sarong koleksyon kan saiyang mga paghiro sa klima, na an mga ginaganar idinodonar sa institusyon sa paglimos.<ref name="NoOneIsTooSmall">{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/315/315787/no-one-is-too-small-to-make-a-difference/9780141991740.html|title=No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference|publisher=Penguin Books UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/24/you-ask-the-questions-greta-thunberg-interview-global-climate-strike|title=Send us your questions for climate activist Greta Thunberg}}</ref>
== Susugan ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Aktibistang Panklima asin Pankapalibutan]]
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Juan José Martín-Bravo
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Si Juan Jose Martín-Bravo sarong aktibista sa klima kan Tsile. Siya presidente kan CVerde, Siya heneral na parakoordinar kan COY15 (World Youth Conference).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cverde|url=https://www.cverde.org/about/|access-date=2021-05-12|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507091513/https://cverde.org/about/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=El joven chileno que fue invitado por la ONU para participar de las cumbres climáticas|url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/generacion-m/2019/10/03/el-joven-chileno-que-fue-invitado-por-la-onu-para-participar-de-las-cumbres-climaticas/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jóvenes quieren ser más que un fenómeno mediático durante la reunión del clima organizada en Costa Rica|url=https://www.nacion.com/ciencia/medio-ambiente/jovenes-quieren-ser-mas-que-un-fenomeno-mediatico/OVN2GGEV3NFVBLNVUGHFLSU464/story/}}</ref>
Kan 2018, si Claver ginawadan kan National Environmental Award kan Tsile. Siya estudyante sa Pontificia Universidad Católica.<ref name=":0"/>
Kan 2019, siya hoben pang delegado sa klima sa Naciones Unidas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joven Chileno recibe “Boleto Verde” para asistir a la primera Cumbre de la Juventud sobre el Clima de la ONU|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/bienes-comunes/2019/09/19/joven-chileno-recibe-boleto-verde-para-asistir-a-la-primera-cumbre-de-la-juventud-sobre-el-clima-de-la-onu.html|language=es|access-date=2021-05-12|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507204517/https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/bienes-comunes/2019/09/19/joven-chileno-recibe-boleto-verde-para-asistir-a-la-primera-cumbre-de-la-juventud-sobre-el-clima-de-la-onu.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Siya kandidato p.National Congress of Tsile. Siya miyembro kan Independenientes No Neutrales party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juanjo Martín: El joven reconocido mundialmente ante la ONU que va como candidato constituyente por el distrito|url=https://www.portalpuentealto.cl/juanjo-martin-el-joven-reconocido-mundialmente-ante-la-onu-que-va-como-candidato-constituyente-por-el-distrito/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anoten en Puente Alto: Conoce el nombre de todos los candidatos constituyentes que Servel oficializó para el distrito 12|url=https://www.portalpuentealto.cl/anoten-en-puente-alto-conoce-el-nombre-de-todos-los-candidatos-que-servel-oficializo-para-el-distrito-12/|access-date=2021-05-12|archive-date=2021-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509113807/https://www.portalpuentealto.cl/anoten-en-puente-alto-conoce-el-nombre-de-todos-los-candidatos-que-servel-oficializo-para-el-distrito-12/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Región Metropolitana: ¿Conoces a los candidatos a la Convención Constitucional de tu distrito?|url=https://www.duna.cl/noticias/2021/03/17/region-metropolitana-conoces-a-los-candidatos-a-la-convencion-constitucional-de-tu-distrito/}}</ref>
== Mga susugan ==
[[Kategorya:WikiForHumanRights]]
[[Kategorya:WikiParaSaKarapatanPantawo]]
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
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{{Infobox philosopher|region=[[Western philosophy]]|influenced=[[George Berkeley|Berkeley]], [[Ernst Platner|Platner]], [[Voltaire]], [[David Hume|Hume]], [[Christian Wolff (philosopher)|Wolff]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Norbert Wiener|Wiener]], [[Bernhard Riemann|Riemann]], [[Edward Gibbon|Gibbon]], [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]], [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange|Lagrange]], [[Leonhard Euler|Euler]], [[George Boole|Boole]], [[John Henry Newman|Newman]], [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]], [[Gottlob Frege|Frege]], [[Bertrand Russell|Russell]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], [[Kurt Gödel|Gödel]], [[Alfred Tarski|Tarski]], [[Benoit Mandelbrot|Mandelbrot]], [[Maurice Blondel|Blondel]], [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]], [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]], [[Wilhelm Wundt|Wundt]], [[Nicholas Rescher|Rescher]], [[Walter Rauschenbusch|Rauschenbusch]]<ref>{{cite thesis |last=McNab |first=John |year=1972 |title=Towards a Theology of Social Concern: A Comparative Study of the Elements for Social Concern in the Writings of Frederick D. Maurice and Walter Rauschenbusch |url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70717&silo_library=GEN01 |degree=PhD |location=Montreal |publisher=McGill University |page=201 |access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref>|academic_advisors={{plainlist|
*[[Erhard Weigel]] (Jena)<ref name="Arthur p. 16"/>
*[[Jakob Thomasius]] (B.A. advisor)<ref name="Arthur p. 13"/>
*[[Christiaan Huygens]]}}|doctoral_advisor={{Interlanguage link multi|Bartholomäus Leonhard von Schwendendörffer|de}} (Dr. jur. thesis advisor)<ref>Kurt Huber, ''Leibniz: Der Philosoph der universalen Harmonie'', Severus Verlag, 2014, p. 29.</ref><ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=60985}}</ref><!--The Mathematics Genealogy Project lists Thomasius as his Dr.phil. supervisor but Arthur 2014, p. 13 lists him as Leibniz's BA advisor-->|thesis2_year=November 1666|thesis2_url=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/60594/1/|thesis2_title=Disputatio Inauguralis de Casibus Perplexis in Jure (Inaugural Disputation on Ambiguous Legal Cases)|thesis1_year=March 1666|thesis1_url=https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-mag-00000844-001|thesis1_title=De Arte Combinatoria (On the Combinatorial Art)|signature=Unterschrift Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz deutscher Philosoph, Mathematiker, Physiker, Ingenieur.svg|notable_ideas={{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|[[Calculus]]<br />[[Monadology|Monads]]<br />[[Best of all possible worlds]]<br />[[Pre-established harmony]]<br />[[Identity of indiscernibles]]<br />[[Matrix (mathematics)|Mathematical matrix]]<br />[[Function (mathematics)|Mathematical function]]<br />[[Fundamental theorem of calculus#Second part|Newton–Leibniz axiom]]<br />[[Leibniz's notation]]<br />[[Leibniz integral rule]]<br />[[Integral symbol]]<br />[[Leibniz harmonic triangle]]<br />[[Leibniz's test]]<br />[[Leibniz formula for π]]<br />[[Leibniz formula for determinants]]<br />[[Chain rule]]<br />[[Quotient rule]]<br />[[Product rule]]<br />[[Leibniz wheel]]<br />[[Leibniz's gap]]<br />[[Algebra of concepts]]<br />''[[Vis viva]]'' (principle of [[conservation of energy]])<br />[[Principle of least action]]<br />''[[Salva veritate]]''<br />[[Stepped reckoner]]<br />[[Symbolic logic]]/[[Boolean algebra]]<br />[[Semiotics]]<br />''[[Topology|Analysis situs]]''<br />[[Principle of sufficient reason]]<br />[[Law of Continuity]]<br />[[Transcendental law of homogeneity]]<br />''[[De Arte Combinatoria|Ars combinatoria]]'' ([[alphabet of human thought]])<br />''[[Characteristica universalis]]''<br />''[[Calculus ratiocinator]]''<br />[[Compossibility]]<br />[[Problem of why there is anything at all]]<br />[[Pluralistic idealism]]<br />[[Dynamism (metaphysics)|Metaphysical dynamism]]<br />[[Relational theory|Relationism]]<br />[[Apperception]]<br />[[A priori and a posteriori|''A priori''/''a posteriori'' distinction]]<br />[[Deontic logic]]
}}|influences=[[Scholasticism]], [[Aristotle]], [[Archimedes]], [[Euclid]], [[Apollonius of Perga]], [[Plato]], [[Francisco Suárez|Suárez]], [[Hugo Grotius]], [[Ramon Llull]], [[Confucius]], [[Anne Conway (philosopher)|Anne Conway]], [[René Descartes|Descartes]], [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], [[Nicolas Malebranche|Malebranche]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet|Bossuet]], [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]]|era=[[17th-century philosophy|17th-]]/[[18th-century philosophy]]|school_tradition=[[Rationalism]]<br />[[Pluralistic idealism]]<ref>Michael Blamauer (ed.), ''The Mental as Fundamental: New Perspectives on Panpsychism'', Walter de Gruyter, 2013, p. 111.</ref><br />[[Foundationalism]]<ref name=SEP-FTJ>{{cite encyclopedia | url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justep-foundational/#4 | title=Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification | encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | date=21 February 2000 | access-date=August 19, 2018 | author=Fumerton, Richard}}</ref><br />[[Conceptualism]]<ref>Stefano Di Bella, Tad M. Schmaltz (eds.), ''The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 2017, p. 207 n. 25: "Leibniz's conceptualism [is related to] the Ockhamist tradition..."</ref><br />[[Optimism]]<br />[[Indirect realism]]<ref>A. B. Dickerson, ''Kant on Representation and Objectivity'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 85.</ref><br />[[Correspondence theory of truth]]<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/ The Correspondence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref><br />[[Relational theory|Relationism]]|main_interests=[[Mathematics]], [[physics]], [[geology]], [[medicine]], [[biology]], [[embryology]], [[epidemiology]], [[veterinary medicine]], [[paleontology]], [[psychology]], [[engineering]], [[linguistics]], [[philology]], [[sociology]], [[metaphysics]], [[ethics]], [[economics]], [[diplomacy]], [[history]], [[politics]], [[music theory]], [[poetry]], [[logic]], [[theodicy]], [[universal language]], [[universal science]]|nationality=German|education={{plainlist|
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Alte Nikolaischule|de|3=Alte Nikolaischule (Leipzig)|lt=Alte Nikolaischule}}<br />(1655–1661)
* [[Leipzig University]] (1661–1666:
** [[B.A.]] in phil., Dec. 1662
** [[M.A.]] in phil., Feb. 1664
** [[LL.B.]], Sep. 1665
** [[Dr. phil. hab.]], Mar. 1666)
* [[University of Jena]]<br />([[summer school]], 1663)<ref name="Arthur p. 16">Arthur 2014, p. 16.</ref>
* [[University of Altdorf]]<br />([[Dr. jur.]], November 1666)}}|death_place=[[Hanover]], [[Electorate of Hanover]], Holy Roman Empire|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1716|11|14|1646|07|1}}|birth_place=[[Leipzig]], [[Electorate of Saxony]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]|birth_date=1 July 1646|birth_name=Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|caption=Portrait by [[Christoph Bernhard Francke]]|image=Christoph Bernhard Francke - Bildnis des Philosophen Leibniz (ca. 1695).jpg|notable_students=[[Jacob Bernoulli]] (epistolary correspondent)<br />[[Christian Wolff (philosopher)|Christian Wolff]] (epistolary correspondent)}}Si '''Gottfried Wilhelm''' ('''von''') '''Leibniz'''{{efn|Leibniz himself never attached "von" to his name and was never actually ennobled.}}{{efn|{{lang-fr|Godefroi Guillaume {{notatypo|Leibnitz}}}} {{IPA-fr|ɡɔdfʁwa ɡijom lɛbnits}}; see inscription of the engraving depicted in the "[[#1666–1676|1666–1676]]" section.}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|aɪ|b|n|ɪ|t|s}};<ref>[http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leibniz "Leibniz"] entry in ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPA-de|ˈɡɔtfʁiːt ˈvɪlhɛlm fɔn ˈlaɪbnɪts|lang}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Duden-Aussprachewörterbuch (Duden Pronunciation Dictionary)|publisher=Bibliographisches Institut GmbH|year=2005|isbn=978-3-411-04066-7|editor-last=Mangold|editor-first=Max|edition=7th|location=Mannheim|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=9781405881180}}</ref> o {{IPA-de|ˈlaɪpnɪts|}};<ref>{{cite book|title=Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch (German Pronunciation Dictionary)|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG|year=2010|isbn=978-3-11-018203-3|editor=Eva-Maria Krech|edition=1st|location=Berlin|language=de|display-editors=etal}}</ref> – Nobyembre 14, 1716) sarong Aleman na pilosopo, matematiko, siyentista, [[diplomat]] asin [[Polymath|polymath.]] Saro siyang prominente sa lantad nin kasaysayan nin pilosopiya asin matematika. Bilang pilosopo, siya saro sa matibay na ngrepresentar kan [[17th century]] [[rationalism]].Bilang matematiko, an saiyang pinaka naakomplisyar iyo an pagpaurog nin mga ideya sa [[differential and integral calculus]], iba man na kaisipan ki [[Isaac Newton]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gm_cCZBiOhQC|title=History of Western Philosophy: Collectors Edition|last=Russell|first=Bertrand|date=15 April 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-69284-1|edition=revised|page=469}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=Gm_cCZBiOhQC&pg=PA469 Extract of page 469].</ref>
== Mga Nota ==
{{Notelist}}
== Mga toltolan ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Mga Ginikanan ===
==== Mga Bibliograpiya ====
* Bodemann, Eduard, ''Die Leibniz-Handschriften der Königlichen öffentlichen Bibliothek zu Hannover'', 1895, (anastatic reprint: Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1966).
* Bodemann, Eduard, ''Der Briefwechsel des Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in der Königlichen öffentliche Bibliothek zu Hannover'', 1895, (anastatic reprint: Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1966).
* Ravier, Émile, ''Bibliographie des œuvres de Leibniz'', Paris: Alcan, 1937 (anastatic reprint Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966).
* Heinekamp, Albert and Mertens, Marlen. ''Leibniz-Bibliographie. Die Literatur über Leibniz bis 1980'', Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 1984.
* Heinekamp, Albert and Mertens, Marlen. ''Leibniz-Bibliographie. Die Literatur über Leibniz. Band II: 1981–1990'', Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 1996.
An updated bibliography of more than 25.000 titles is available at [http://www.leibniz-bibliographie.de/DB=1.95/LNG=EN/ Leibniz Bibliographie].
==== Primary literature (chronologically) ====
* Wiener, Philip, (ed.), 1951. ''Leibniz: Selections''. Scribner.
* Schrecker, Paul & Schrecker, Anne Martin, (eds.), 1965. ''Monadology and other Philosophical Essays''. Prentice-Hall.
* [[George Henry Radcliffe Parkinson|Parkinson, G. H. R.]] (ed.), 1966. ''Logical Papers''. Clarendon Press.
* Mason, H. T. & Parkinson, G. H. R. (eds.), 1967. ''The Leibniz-Arnauld Correspondence''. Manchester University Press.
* Loemker, Leroy, (ed.), 1969 [1956]. ''Leibniz: Philosophical Papers and Letters''. Reidel.
* Morris, Mary & Parkinson, G. H. R. (eds.), 1973. ''Philosophical Writings''. Everyman’s University Library.
* Riley, Patrick, (ed.), 1988. ''Leibniz: Political Writings''. Cambridge University Press.
* Niall, R. Martin, D. & Brown, Stuart (eds.), 1988. ''Discourse on Metaphysics and Related Writings''. Manchester University Press.
* Ariew, Roger and Garber, Daniel. (eds.), 1989. ''Leibniz: Philosophical Essays''. Hackett.
* Rescher, Nicholas (ed.), 1991. ''G. W. Leibniz’s Monadology. An Edition for Students'', University of Pittsburgh Press.
* Rescher, Nicholas, ''On Leibniz'', (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013).
* Parkinson, G. H. R. (ed.) 1992. ''De Summa Rerum. Metaphysical Papers, 1675–1676''. Yale University Press.
* Cook, Daniel, & Rosemont, Henry Jr., (eds.), 1994. ''Leibniz: Writings on China''. Open Court.
* Farrer, Austin (ed.), 1995. ''Theodicy'', Open Court.
* Remnant, Peter, & Bennett, Jonathan, (eds.), 1996 (1981). ''Leibniz: New Essays on Human Understanding''. Cambridge University Press.
* [[Roger Woolhouse|Woolhouse, R. S.]], and Francks, R., (eds.), 1997. ''Leibniz's 'New System' and Associated Contemporary Texts''. Oxford University Press.
* Woolhouse, R. S., and Francks, R., (eds.), 1998. ''Leibniz: Philosophical Texts''. Oxford University Press.
* Ariew, Roger, (ed.), 2000. ''G. W. Leibniz and Samuel Clarke: Correspondence''. Hackett.
* Richard T. W. Arthur, (ed.), 2001. ''The Labyrinth of the Continuum: Writings on the Continuum Problem, 1672–1686''. Yale University Press.
* Richard T. W. Arthur, 2014. ''Leibniz''. John Wiley & Sons.
* Robert C. Sleigh Jr., (ed.), 2005. ''Confessio Philosophi: Papers Concerning the Problem of Evil, 1671–1678''. Yale University Press.
* Dascal, Marcelo (ed.), 2006. "G. W. Leibniz. The Art of Controversies’’, Springer.
* Strickland, Lloyd, 2006 (ed.). ''The Shorter Leibniz Texts: A Collection of New Translations''. Continuum.
* Look, Brandon and Rutherford, Donald (eds.), 2007. ''The Leibniz-Des Bosses Correspondence'', Yale University Press.
* Cohen, Claudine and Wakefield, Andre, (eds.), 2008. ''Protogaea''. University of Chicago Press.
* Murray, Michael, (ed.) 2011. ''Dissertation on Predestination and Grace'', Yale University Press.
* Strickand, Lloyd (ed.), 2011. ''Leibniz and the two Sophies. The Philosophical Correspondence'', Toronto.
* Lodge, Paul (ed.), 2013. ''The Leibniz-De Volder Correspondence: With Selections from the Correspondence Between Leibniz and Johann Bernoulli'', Yale University Press.
* Artosi, Alberto, Pieri, Bernardo, Sartor, Giovanni (eds.), 2014. ''Leibniz: Logico-Philosophical Puzzles in the Law'', Springer.
* De Iuliis, Carmelo Massimo, (ed.), 2017. ''Leibniz: The New Method of Learning and Teaching Jurisprudence'', Talbot, Clark NJ.
==== Secondary literature up to 1950 ====
* [[Emil du Bois-Reymond|Du Bois-Reymond, Emil]], 1912. ''Leibnizsche Gedanken in der neueren Naturwissenschaft'', Berlin: Dummler, 1871 (reprinted in ''Reden'', Leipzig: Veit, vol. 1).
* [[Louis Couturat|Couturat, Louis]], 1901. ''La Logique de Leibniz''. Paris: Felix Alcan.
* [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger, Martin]], 1983. ''The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic''. Indiana University Press (lecture course, 1928).
* Lovejoy, Arthur O., 1957 (1936). "Plenitude and Sufficient Reason in Leibniz and Spinoza" in his ''The Great Chain of Being''. Harvard University Press: 144–182. Reprinted in Frankfurt, H. G., (ed.), 1972. ''Leibniz: A Collection of Critical Essays''. Anchor Books 1972.
* [[John Milton Mackie|Mackie, John Milton]]; [[Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer|Guhrauer, Gottschalk Eduard]], 1845. ''Life of Godfrey William von {{notatypo|Leibnitz}}''. Gould, Kendall and Lincoln.
* [[Bertrand Russell|Russell, Bertrand]], 1900, ''A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz'', Cambridge: The University Press.
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sourcebookinmath0000smit_a3b7|title=A Source Book in Mathematics|last=Smith|first=David Eugene|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.|year=1929|location=New York and London|ref=SMITH|url-access=registration}}
* [[Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg|Trendelenburg, F. A.]], 1857, "Über Leibnizens Entwurf einer allgemeinen Charakteristik," ''Philosophische Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Aus dem Jahr 1856'', Berlin: Commission Dümmler, pp. 36–69.
* [[Adolphus Ward|Ward, A. W.]], 1911. ''[[s:Leibniz as a Politician|Leibniz as a Politician]]'' (lecture)
==== Secondary literature post-1950 ====
* Adams, Robert Merrihew. 1994. ''Leibniz: Determinist, Theist, Idealist''. New York: Oxford, Oxford University Press.
* Aiton, Eric J., 1985. ''Leibniz: A Biography''. Hilger (UK).
* [[Maria Rosa Antognazza]], 2008. ''Leibniz: An Intellectual Biography''. Cambridge Univ. Press.
* {{BarrowTipler1986}}
* {{cite journal|last=Bos|first=H. J. M.|author-link=Henk J. M. Bos|year=1974|title=Differentials, higher-order differentials and the derivative in the Leibnizian calculus|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|volume=14|pages=1–90|doi=10.1007/bf00327456|s2cid=120779114}}
* Brown, Stuart (ed.), 1999. ''The Young Leibniz and His Philosophy (1646–76)'', Dordrecht, Kluwer.
* [[Martin Davis (mathematician)|Davis, Martin]], 2000. ''The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing''. WW Norton.
* [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze, Gilles]], 1993. ''The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque''. University of Minnesota Press.
* [[Jochen Fahrenberg|Fahrenberg, Jochen]], 2017. PsyDok ZPID [[hdl:20.500.11780/3772.|The influence of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on the Psychology, Philosophy, and Ethics of Wilhelm Wundt.]]
* [[Jochen Fahrenberg|Fahrenberg, Jochen]], 2020. ''Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920). Introduction, Quotations, Reception, Commentaries, Attempts at Reconstruction''. Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich 2020, {{ISBN|978-3-95853-574-9}}.
* Finster, Reinhard & van den Heuvel, Gerd 2000. ''Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz''. Mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. 4. Auflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg (Rowohlts Monographien, 50481), {{ISBN|3-499-50481-2}}.
* [[Ivor Grattan-Guinness|Grattan-Guinness, Ivor]], 1997. ''The Norton History of the Mathematical Sciences''. W W Norton.
* Hall, A. R., 1980. ''Philosophers at War: The Quarrel between Newton and Leibniz''. Cambridge University Press.
* Hamza, Gabor, 2005. "Le développement du droit privé européen". ELTE Eotvos Kiado Budapest.
* {{cite journal|last=Hoeflich|first=M. H.|title=Law & Geometry: Legal Science from Leibniz to Langdell|year=1986|journal=American Journal of Legal History|volume=30|issue=2|pages=95–121|doi=10.2307/845705|jstor=845705}}
* Hostler, John, 1975. ''Leibniz's Moral Philosophy''. UK: Duckworth.
* Ishiguro, Hidé 1990. ''Leibniz's Philosophy of Logic and Language''. Cambridge University Press.
* Jolley, Nicholas, (ed.), 1995. ''The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz''. Cambridge University Press.
* Kaldis, Byron, 2011. ''Leibniz' Argument for Innate Ideas'' in Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy edited by M Bruce & S Barbone. Blackwell.
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/partingdesertcre00kara|title=Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal|last=Karabell|first=Zachary|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2003|isbn=978-0-375-40883-0|url-access=registration}}
* LeClerc, Ivor (ed.), 1973. ''The Philosophy of Leibniz and the Modern World''. Vanderbilt University Press.
* {{cite journal|last=Luchte|first=James|year=2006|title=Mathesis and Analysis: Finitude and the Infinite in the Monadology of Leibniz|url=http://luchte.wordpress.com/mathesis-and-analysis-finitude-and-the-infinite-in-the-monadology-of-leibniz/|journal=Heythrop Journal|volume=47|issue=4|pages=519–543|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2265.2006.00296.x}}
* [[Benson Mates|Mates, Benson]], 1986. ''The Philosophy of Leibniz: Metaphysics and Language''. Oxford University Press.
* Mercer, Christia, 2001. ''Leibniz's Metaphysics: Its Origins and Development''. Cambridge University Press.
* Perkins, Franklin, 2004. ''Leibniz and China: A Commerce of Light''. Cambridge University Press.
* [[Patrick T. Riley|Riley, Patrick]], 1996. ''Leibniz's Universal Jurisprudence: Justice as the Charity of the Wise''. Harvard University Press.
* [[Donald Rutherford (philosopher)|Rutherford, Donald]], 1998. ''[[Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature]]''. Cambridge University Press.
* Schulte-Albert, H. G. (1971). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Library Classification. ''The Journal of Library History'' (1966–1972), (2). 133–152.
* Smith, Justin E. H., 2011. ''Divine Machines. Leibniz and the Sciences of Life'', Princeton University Press.
* Wilson, Catherine, 1989. ''Leibniz's Metaphysics: A Historical and Comparative Study''. [[Princeton University Press]].
* {{cite journal|last=Zalta|first=E. N.|year=2000|title=A (Leibnizian) Theory of Concepts|url=http://mally.stanford.edu/Papers/leibniz.pdf|journal=Philosophiegeschichte und Logische Analyse / Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy|volume=3|pages=137–183|doi=10.30965/26664275-00301008}}
== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz}}
* [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/ Translations] by [[Jonathan Bennett (philosopher)|Jonathan Bennett]], of the ''New Essays'', the exchanges with Bayle, Arnauld and Clarke, and about 15 shorter works.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110411024054/http://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/rutherford/Leibniz/index.html Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Texts and Translations], compiled by Donald Rutherford, [[UCSD]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160609145125/http://www.gwleibniz.com/ Leibnitiana], links and resources edited by Gregory Brown, [[University of Houston]]
* [[iarchive:philosophicalwor00leibuoft|Philosophical Works of Leibniz translated by G.M. Duncan (1890)]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181106203853/https://simplycharly.com/people/gottfried-wilhelm-von-leibniz/read/interviews/nicholas-rescher-on-gottfried-wilhelm-von-leibniz The Best of All Possible Worlds: Nicholas Rescher Talks About Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's "Versatility and Creativity"]
* [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/earththeory/id/10169 "Protogæa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801085250/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/earththeory/id/10169 |date=2020-08-01 }} (1693, Latin, in ''Acta eruditorum'') – [[Linda Hall Library]]
* [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/earththeory/id/1694 ''Protogaea''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801045045/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/earththeory/id/1694 |date=2020-08-01 }} (1749, German) – full digital facsimile from [[Linda Hall Library]]
* Leibniz's (1768, 6-volume) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/search/collection/philsci/searchterm/omnia!Leibniz/field/title!creato/mode/all!all/conn/and!and/order/nosort ''Opera omnia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611050427/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/search/collection/philsci/searchterm/omnia!Leibniz/field/title!creato/mode/all!all/conn/and!and/order/nosort |date=2019-06-11 }} – digital facsimile
* Leibniz' arithmetical machine, 1710, online and analyzed on ''[https://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-machine-calculer-de-leibniz BibNum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724141910/https://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-machine-calculer-de-leibniz |date=2017-07-24 }}'' <small>[click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]</small>
* Leibniz' binary numeral system, 'De progressione dyadica', 1679, online and analyzed on ''[https://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/de-la-numeration-binaire BibNum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724144833/https://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/de-la-numeration-binaire |date=2017-07-24 }}'' <small>[click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]</small>
{{tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Mga matematiko]]
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Gail Koziara Boudreaux
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{{Infobox person
| name = Gail Boudreaux
| image = Gail Koziara Boudreaux.jpg
| birth_name = Gail Koziara
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1960}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[Dartmouth College]] (BA)<br/> [[Columbia University]] (MBA)
| occupation = Negosyante
| employer = Anthem Inc
| title = President and CEO, [[Anthem (company)|Anthem Inc.]]
| spouse = Terry Boudreaux<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dartmouth.edu/~trustees/biographies/boudreaux.html |title=Gail Koziara Boudreaux '82 |publisher=Trustees of Dartmouth College |access-date=May 30, 2017 |archive-date=January 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131135007/https://www.dartmouth.edu/~trustees/biographies/boudreaux.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| children = 2 sons<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=210418001 |title=Gail Koziara Boudreaux '82 |publisher=Dartmouth College |date=December 10, 2015 |accessdate=May 30, 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
}}
Si Gail Koziara Boudreaux (namundag 1960) sarong Amerikanong negosyante asin atleta. Sa kolehiyo, siya sarong premyadong parakawat para sa Dartmouth Big Green Women's basketball team puon 1978 sagkod 1982. Kan huri, naglingkod siya bilang ehekutibo para sa nagkapirang kompanya arog kan Aetna, BlueCross BlueShield of Illinois (2002) asin United Health Group (2008). Kan 2020 siya #10 sa lista kan Forbes kan "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. Poon 2008 sagkod 2014 yaon siya sa listahan nin mga babae na Fortune, na pinakahalangkaw sa #25. Kan Fall 2014, naghilig siya sa CEO posisyon nin United Healthcare (an pinakadakulang pannegosyo na dibisyon kan UHG), dangan nagbilog nin sadiri niyang healthcare na pagkonsulta sa kompanyang GKB Global Health, LLC. Kan Nobyembre 2017, nagin siyang CEO kan Anthem Inc., na ngonyan iyo an ikaduwang pinakadakulang kompanyang Amerikano kaiba an sarong babae na CEO.
== Bibliograpiya ==
{{refbegin}}
*Dartmouth Big Green women's basketball media guide. (PDF copy available at [http://www.DartmouthSports.com www.DartmouthSports.com])
*[http://www.ivy50.com/story.aspx?sid=1/8/2007 Gail Koziara Boudreaux]. Ivy at 50 – Council of Ivy Group Presidents, January 8, 2007.
*[http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=678189 Gail Koziara Boudreaux Named NCAA Silver Anniversary Award Recipient] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708233438/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=678189 |date=2011-07-08 }}. Dartmouth Varsity athletics, November 6, 2006.
*[https://www.ncaa.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLN4j3CQXJgFjGpvqRqCKO6AI-YRARXwN9X4_83FR9b_0A_YLc0NCIckdFALOxkFY!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvUUd3QndNQSEvNElVRS82XzBfTFU!?CONTENT_URL=http://www2.ncaa.org/portal/media_and_events/press_room/2006/november/20061106_silver_anniv_award_rls.html NCAA Announces 2007 NCAA Silver Anniversary Award Recipients] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205050401/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLN4j3CQXJgFjGpvqRqCKO6AI-YRARXwN9X4_83FR9b_0A_YLc0NCIckdFALOxkFY!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvUUd3QndNQSEvNElVRS82XzBfTFU!?CONTENT_URL=http://www2.ncaa.org/portal/media_and_events/press_room/2006/november/20061106_silver_anniv_award_rls.html |date=2012-02-05 }}. National Collegiate Athletic Association – NCAA.org, November 6, 2006
*[https://archive.today/20130201082500/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS109408+22-Apr-2008+BW20080422 UnitedHealth Group: Gail K. Boudreaux to Head Commercial Markets Group]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000159/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUS109408+22-Apr-2008+BW20080422 Archived]) Reuters, April 22, 2008.
*Faces in the Crowd. Sports Illustrated, February 27, 1978
*Faces in the Crowd. Sports Illustrated, May 31, 1982
{{refend}}
== Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
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Margaret Sanger
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{{Infobox person
| birth_name = Margaret Louise Higgins
| image = MargaretSanger-Underwood.LOC.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Sanger kan 1922
| birth_date = {{birth date|1879|9|14|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Corning (city), New York|Corning, New York]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1966|9|6|1879|9|14|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Tucson, Arizona]], Estados Unidos
| occupation = [[Reform movement|Social reformer]], [[sex education|sex educator]], writer, [[nursing|nurse]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[William Sanger]]|1902|1921|end=div}}{{efn|They became estranged in 1913, but the divorce was not finalized until 1921.{{sfn|Baker|2011|p=126}}}}<br /> {{marriage|James Noah H. Slee|1922|1943|end={{abbr|d.|died}}}}
| relatives = [[Ethel Byrne]] (tugang)
| children = 3
}}
[[Kategorya:Articles with hCards]]
Si '''Margaret Higgins Sanger''' (namundag Margaret Louise Higgins; Setyembre 14, 1879 - Setyembre 6, 1966), midbid man sa ngaran na Margaret Sanger Slee, sarong Amerikanong aktibista sa pagkontrol sa pangangaki, edukador sa sekso, parasurat, asin nars. Margaret Higgins Sanger. Margaret Louise Higgins. sx Slee. Si Sanger nagpabantog kan terminong "kamundagan," nagbukas kan enot na klinika sa pagkontrol sa pangangaki sa Estados Unidos, asin nag - establisar nin mga organisasyon na nag - ebolusyon pasiring sa Pigplanong Pederasyon nin Parenthood kan Amerika. Pland Parenthood Federation of America.
Ginamit ni Sanger an saiyang mga isinurat asin pahayag sa pangenot tanganing palakopon an saiyang paagi nin pag - iisip. Siya pino'nan huli sa libro niyang Family Limitation sa lindong kan Comstock Act kan 1914. Famly Lilitation. Comstock Act. Natatakot sia sa mangyayari, kaya duminulag sia pasiring sa Britania sagkod na aram niang ligtas na bumalik sa US.<ref name="Douglas 1970 57">{{Cite book|title=Margaret Sanger: Pioneer of the Future|last=Douglas|first=Emily|publisher=Holt, Rinehart, and Winston|year=1970|location=Canada|page=57}}</ref> An mga paghihingoa ni Sanger nakakontribwir sa nagkapirang kaso hudisyal na nakatabang sa legal na pagkontra sa Estados Unidos. Huli sa koneksion nia sa Planong Parenthood, si Sanger parateng pinupunteriya nin pagkritika kan mga nagkokontra sa aborsion. Alagad, si Sanger nabantog na gayo an pagkakaiba kan kontrol sa pagkamundag asin an pag'aborsion asin kontra sa mga aborsyon sa bilog na mundo kan saiyang propesyonal na karera, na habong magpartisipar sainda bilang sarong nars. Si Sanger saro pa man giraray na hinahangaan na pigura sa hiro kan mga deretsong panprodusir sa Amerika. Pigtutuyaw sya huli sa pagsuporta sa mga eutenics. rective rights.[1]
Kan 1916, binuksan ni Sanger an enot na klinika sa pagkontrol sa pangangaki sa Estados Unidos, na nagbunga kan pag - arestar sa saiya huli sa pagwaras nin impormasyon dapit sa kontraksyon, pakatapos na an sarong daing sakop na pulis bumakal nin kopya kan saiyang pulyeto manongod sa pagplano nin pamilya.[2] An suminunod niang pagbista asin pan - akit nagbunga nin kontrobersia. Si Sanger naghona na tanganing an mga babae magkaigwa nin mas pantay - pantay na bitis sa sosyedad asin magkaigwa nin mas marahay na buhay, kaipuhan nindang maaraman kun noarin magkakaigwa nin mga aki. Gusto man niyang pugulan an inaapod na re-alley alborsions,[9] na ordinaryo na sana kan panahon na idto huli ta ilegal sa Estados Unidos an aborsion. Naniniwala sia na, minsan ngani an aborsion tibaad sarong imposibleng marhay na opsion sa buhay na mga situwasyon para sa mga bados, sa pankagabsan maninigong likayan iyan. Pinag - olayan nia an solamenteng praktikal na paagi tanganing malikayan iyan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/AmRad/familylimitations.pdf|title=Family Limitation|last=Sanger, Margaret|year=1917|page=5|quote="No one can doubt that there are times where an abortion is justifiable but they can become ''unnecessary when care is taken to prevent conception.'' This is the ''only'' cure for abortion."|access-date=March 11, 2016}}</ref>
Kan 1921, si Sanger iyo an nagtogdas kan American Birth Control League, na kan huri nagin United Parenthood Federation of America. American Birh Control League.Planted Parenthood Federation of America. Sa Siudad nin Nueva York, inorganisar nia an kaenot - enoteng klinika sa pagkontrol sa pangangaki na isirbe nin gabos na doktor, siring man nin klinika sa Harlem na igwa nin kompletong konsilyong Aprikano-Amerikano, kun saen sa huri idinagdag an Aprikano-Amerikano na tawohan. Harlem.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIITCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|title=Ballots, Babies, and Banners of Peace: American Jewish Women's Activism, 1890–1940|last=Klapper|first=Melissa R.|date=August 22, 2014|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9781479850594|pages=137–138|language=en}}</ref> Kan 1929, nagporma siya kan Nasyunal na Komite sa Legislasyon Federal Para sa Camarines Sur Control, na nagserbing pinakasentro kan saiyang mga paghihingoang legalisyunon an kontraksyon sa Estados Unidos. National Committee on Federal Legislation for Camarines Sur Control Poon 1952 sagkod 1959, si Sanger nagserbing presidente kan International Planned Parenthood Federation. International Planned Parenthood Federation. Nagadan siya kan 1966 asin hinihiling na gayo na kagtogdas kan modernong hiron sa pagkontrol sa pangangaki.
== Buhay ==
=== Buhay ===
[[Ladawan:SangerAndSons.tiff|too|thumb|May mga aking lalaki na si Grant asin Stuart, c. 1919]]
Si Sanger namundag Margaret Louise Higgins kan 1879 sa Coring, Nueva York, sa mga magurang na Katoliko - sarong "free-shing" amang gapo, Michael Hennessey Higgins, asin Anne Purcell Higgins. Corning, New York<ref>History of the Corning-Painted Post Area, p. 240.</ref> Si Miguel nag'estar na sa Estados Unidos nag'eedad nang 14, nag'ayon sa Gera Sibil bilang sarong bombo na nag'eedad nang 15. Paghale sa hukbo, nag'adal siya nin medisina asin phrenology alagad katapos-taposi nagin sarong gapo, kwenta mga anghel, mga santo, asin mga lulubngan.: 12-13 Si Michael nagin ateista asin aktibista para sa karapatan nin mga babae asin libreng edukasyon sa publiko. phrenology. 12-13. atheist Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="aut">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/margaretsangerau1938sang|title=Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography|last=Sanger|first=Margaret|publisher=W. W. Norton|year=1938|isbn=0-486-43492-3|oclc=00700090}}</ref>
Inibanan ni Anne an saiyang pamilya sa Canada durante kan Dakulang Tiggutom. An napangagom niya iyo si Michael kan 1869.[1] Kan 22 na taon, si Anne Higgins nangidam nin 18 beses, na nangaki nin 11 buhay bago nagadan an 49 anyos. [1] Si Sanger ikaanom sa 11 buhay pang aki, na ginagamit an enot niang mga taon sa sibot na pamilya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Roots of American Feminist Thought|last=Cooper|first=James L.|last2=Cooper|first2=Sheila M.|publisher=Alvin and Bacon|year=1973|page=219|asin=B002VY8L0O}}</ref>
Sinuportaran kan saiyang duwang matuang tugang na babae, si Margaret Higgins nag - atender sa Claverack College asin Hudson River Institute, bago nag - enrol kan 1900 sa White Pents Hospital bilang nars probasyoner. Claverack College asin Hudson River Institute Kan 1902, naagom niya an arkitektong si William Sanger, binutasan an saiyang edukasyon.[20] An Pagsakit huli sa konsumpsyon (pagotro kan aktibong tiberkular), si Margaret Sanger nakadara nin tolong aki, asin an limang naghusay sagkod sa sarong toninong na buhay sa Westchester, New York. William Sangger. [2] Si Margaret magigin miembro kan Iglesia Episcopal na sa huri iyo an mabayad sa saiya sa lobong.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Universalist_Leader/vwznAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=margaret+sanger+%22episcopal%22+%22member%22&dq=margaret+sanger+%22episcopal%22+%22member%22&printsec=frontcover The Universalist Leader - Google Books]</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Margaret_Sanger/u7pgCFIcH2cC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=margaret+sanger+%22episcopal%22&pg=PA307&printsec=frontcover Margaret Sanger: A Life of Passion - Jean H. Baker - Google Books]</ref>
=== aktibismo sosyal ===
Kan 1911, pakatapos na raoton nin kalayo an saindang harong sa Hastings-on-Hudson, binayaan kan mga Sangers an hararaning banwaan para sa bagong buhay sa Siudad nin Nueva York. ⁇ .Hadings-on-Hudson Si Margaret Sanger nagtrabaho bilang bisitang nars sa slums kan East Side, mantang an saiyang agom nagtatrabaho bilang arkitekto asin parapinta sa harong. East Side. An mag'agom nagin aktibo sa pulitikang sosyalistang lokal. Nagbali siya sa Women's Committee of the New York Socialist party, nag - iba sa mga ginigibong pagtrabaho kan mga Industrial Workers of the World (kaiba an midbid na 1912 Lawrence thate and the 1913 Paterson stal▁strike) asin naimbuelto sa lokal na mga intelektuwal, nagwalat nin mga artistang socialist asin aktibista sosyal, kaiba si John Reed, Upton Sinclair, Mabel Dodge and Emma Goldman. [pagtipay].Industrial Workers of the World 12. Patilence th.<ref name="Chesler">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womanofvalormar000ches|title=Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America|last=Chesler|first=Ellen|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1992|isbn=978-1-4165-4076-2|location=New York}}</ref>
An politikal na interes ni Sanger, an saiyang nagluluwas na feminismo asin an saiyang eksperyensia sa pag'ataman gabos iyo an nagdara saiya sa pagsurat nin duwang serye nin mga kolum dapit sa edukasyon sekswal na tituladong "Kun Ano an Maninigong Maaraman kan Kada Ina" (1911-122) asin "An Dapat Mamidbid kan Lambang Girl" (1912-13) para sa socialistang magasin na New York Cal. News York Cal. Pag - abot kan mga pamantayan kan aldaw na idto, an mga artikulo ni Sanger prangkang marhay sa pag - orolay ninda dapit sa seksuwalidad, asin dakol na parabasa sa Nueva York an naanggot sa sainda. Minsan siring, inomaw kan ibang nagbabasa an serye huli sa pagkasadiosan kaiyan. An saro nagsabi na an serye igwa nin "sarong mas dalisay na moralidad kisa bilog na mga libreriya na pano nin mapagsaginsagin na canon manongod sa kabinian.": 65 Pareho iyan ipinublikar sa porma nin libro kan 1916. 65. <ref name="Chesler"/><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dietrich|2010}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Engelman|2011}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Blanchard|1992}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Coates|2008}}</ref>
== Hilingon pa ==
{{Portal|Biography|Feminism|United States}}
* Anthony Comstock
* Caroline Nelson
* Choices of the Heart: The Margaret Sanger Story
* Emma Goldman – 19th and 20th-century Lithuania-born anarchist, writer and orator
* Fania Mindell
* Feminism – Movements and ideologies aimed at establishing gender equality
* History of women in the United States – Aspect of American history
* List of women's rights activists
* Mabel Sine Wadsworth
* Margaret Mead – American cultural anthropologist (1901–1978)
* Mary Ware Dennett
* Reproductive rights – Legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health
* Upton Sinclair – American novelist, writer, journalist, political activist (1878–1968)
== Sa popular na kultura ==
=== Mga nobela sa Graphic ===
* {{Cite book|title=The woman rebel : the Margaret Sanger story|last=Bagge|first=Peter|publisher=Drawn & Quarterly|year=2013|isbn=9781770461260|location=Montréal, Québec|oclc=841710267}}
* {{Cite book|title=Our lady of birth control : a cartoonist's encounter with Margaret Sanger|last=Jones|first=Sabrina|publisher=Soft Skull Press, an imprint of Counterpoint|year=2016|isbn=9781619028111|location=Berkeley, CA|oclc=957604758}}
== Mga Nota ==
{{Notelist}}
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
== Mga babasahon ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womanrebelmargar0000bagg|title=Woman Rebel. The Margaret Sanger Story|last=Bagge|first=Peter|publisher=Drawn and Quarterly|year=2013|isbn=978-1-77046-126-0|location=Montreal|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Baker |first=Jean |year=2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/margaretsangerli0000bake |title=Margaret Sanger : a Life of Passion |publisher=Hill and Wang |isbn=978-1-4299-6897-3 |location=New York |id={{OCLC|863501288|1150293235}} |ref=harv}}
<!-- {{sfn|Black|2012|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=War against the weak : eugenics and America's campaign to create a master race|year=2012}}
<!-- {{sfn|Blanchard|1992|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Revolutionary sparks : freedom of expression in modern America|year=1992}}
<!-- {{sfn|Bronski|2011|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=A queer history of the United States|year=2011}}
<!-- {{sfn|Buchanan|2009|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=American Women's Rights Movement: A Chronology of Events and of Opportunities from 1600 to 2008|year=2009}}
<!-- {{sfn|Chesler|2007|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America|year=2007}}
<!-- {{sfn|Coates|2008|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Margaret Sanger and the Origin of the Birth Control Movement, 1910–1930: The Concept of Women's Sexual Autonomy|year=2008}}
<!-- {{sfn|Cohen|2009|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|title=Profiles in humanity : the battle for peace, freedom, equality, and human rights|last=Cohen|first=Warren|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7425-6703-0|location=Lanham, MD|oclc=434016837}}
* [[Virginia Coigney|Coigney, Virginia]] (1969), ''Margaret Sanger: rebel with a cause'', Doubleday
<!-- {{sfn|Cox|2005|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|url={{Google books|vbQa8tnhr1EC|page=PP1|plainurl=yes}}|title=Margaret Sanger : Rebel for Women's Rights|last=Cox|first=Vicki|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4381-0759-2|location=Philadelphia|oclc=613206381}}
<!-- {{sfn|Craig|2013|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=When Sex Changed Birth Control Politics and Literature between the World Wars|year=2013}}
<!-- {{sfn|Dietrich|2010|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=What Every Girl Should Know: The birth control movement in the 1910s|year=2010}}
<!-- {{sfn|Engelman|2011|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbirthco0000enge|title=A History of the Birth Control Movement in America|last=Engelman|first=Peter|publisher=Praeger|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-36510-2|location=Santa Barbara, CA, US|oclc=728097821}}
<!-- {{sfn|Franks|2005|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy the control of female fertility|year=2005}}
<!-- {{sfn|Freedman|2007|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=The essential feminist reader|year=2007}}
<!-- {{sfn|Gordon|1976|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Woman's body, woman's right : a social history of birth control in America|year=1976}}
<!-- {{sfn|Gray|1979|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Margaret Sanger : a biography of the champion of birth control|year=1979}}
<!-- {{sfn|Hajo|2010|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Birth control on main street : organizing clinics in the United States, 1916–1939|year=2010}}
* {{Cite magazine}}
<!-- {{sfn|Hitchcock|2008|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Roe V. Wade: Protecting a Woman's Right to Choose|year=2008}}
<!-- {{sfn|Katz|2000|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Sanger, Margaret|year=2000}}
<!-- {{sfn|Kennedy|1970|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/birthcontrolinam00kenn|title=Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger|last=Kennedy|first=David|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1970|isbn=978-0-300-01202-6|location=New Haven|oclc=70781307}}
<!-- {{sfn|Kevles|1985|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=In the name of eugenics : genetics and the uses of human heredity|year=1985}}
<!-- {{sfn|Lader|1955|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|title=The Margaret Sanger Story and the Fight for Birth Control|last=Lader|first=Lawrence|publisher=Doubleday|year=1955|location=Garden City, NY|oclc=910372158}} Reprinted: {{Cite book|title=The Margaret Sanger story and the fight for birth control|last=Lader|first=Lawrence|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1975|isbn=978-0-8371-7076-3|location=Westport, CT|oclc=703034|display-authors=0}}<!--Both editions are included because of footnote pagination that refers to the 1955 printing & the original citation in this section had the 1975 printing, which also has an ISBN.-->
* Lader, Lawrence and [[Milton Meltzer|Meltzer, Milton]] (1969), ''Margaret Sanger: pioneer of birth control'', Crowell
<!-- {{sfn|McCann|1994|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780801424908/mode/2up|title=Birth control politics in the United States, 1916-1945|last=McCann|first=Carole R|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-8014-8612-8|oclc=988564989}}
<!-- {{sfn|McCann|2010|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/genderwomenslead0002unse|title=Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook|last=McCann|first=Carole|publisher=SAGE Reference|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84972-763-1|editor-last=O'Connor|editor-first=Karen|volume=2|location=Thousand Oaks, Calif|chapter=Women as Leaders in the Contraceptive Movement|oclc=568741234|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/genderwomenslead0002unse/page/748/mode/2up}}
<!-- {{sfn|Reed|2003|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Margaret Sanger : her life in her words|year=2003}}
<!-- {{sfn|Rosenbaum|2011|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Gender and Jewish history|year=2011}}
<!-- {{sfn|Rosenberg|2008|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Divided lives : American women in the twentieth century|year=2008}}
<!-- {{sfn|Sanger|1919|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Birth Control and Racial Betterment|year=1919}}
<!-- {{sfn|Sanger|1922|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=The Pivot of Civilization|year=1922}}
<!-- {{sfn|Sanger|1938|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Autobiography of Margaret Sanger|year=1938}}
<!-- {{sfn|Sanger|Katz|Hajo|Engelman|2003|p=??}} & {{harvnb|Sanger|Katz|Hajo|Engelman|2003|p=??}} -->
* {{Cite book|title=The selected papers of Margaret Sanger|last=Sanger|first=Margaret|last2=Katz|first2=Esther|last3=Hajo|first3=Cathy Moran|last4=Engelman|first4=Peter C|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2003|isbn=0-252-02737-X|volume=V. 1: The Woman Rebel 1900–1928|oclc=773147056}}
<!-- {{sfn|Valenza|1985|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=Was Margaret Sanger a Racist?|year=1985}}
<!-- {{sfn|Viney|King|2003|p=??}} -->
* {{Citation|title=A history of psychology : ideas and context|year=2003}}
{{Refend}}
=== Historiography ===
* {{Cite encyclopedia}}
== Mga kawing panlabas ==
* {{Gutenberg author|id=Sanger,+Margaret|name=Margaret Sanger}}
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Margaret Higgins Sanger}}
* {{Librivox author|id=3073}}
* {{OL author|18066A}}
* [http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss43_main.html Margaret Sanger Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527041653/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss43_main.html |date=2011-05-27 }} at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
* [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/multimedia/video/2008/wallace/sanger_margaret_t.html Interview] {{Webarchive}} conducted by Mike Wallace, September 21, 1957. Hosted at the Harry Ransom Center.
* [https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/9-things-you-should-know-about-margaret-sanger/ 9 Things You Should Know About Margaret Sanger TGC—The Gospel Coalition]
* Michals, Debra [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/margaret-sanger "Margaret Sanger"]. National Women's History Museum. 2017.
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=Călin Georgescu|office2=[[Executive director]] of the [[United Nations]] Global Sustainable Index Institute in [[Geneva]]/[[Vaduz]]|term_start2=2015|term_end2=2016|office3=President of the [[European Research Center for Information Systems|European Research Centre]] for the [[Club of Rome]]|term_start3=2013|term_end3=2015|nationality=Romanian|citizenship=Romania|party=[[Alliance for the Union of Romanians|Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1962|03|26|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bucharest]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]]|profession=[[Agriculturist|Agronomist]]|education=[[University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest]] (1986)<br>[[Carol I National Defence University]] (2007)}}
Si Călin Georgescu (namundag kan 1962) sarong Romanong senior expert sa sustainable development, na igwang pagmidbid sa siring na disiplina, susog sa 17 taon na serbisyo lado kan kapalibutan sa sistema kan United Nations. Si Georgescu nanombrahan na direktor ehekutibo kan United Nations Global Sustainable Index Institute sa Geneva asin Vaduz sa peryodong 2015–2016. Bago kaini, sya nagsirbi bilang Presidente kan European Research Centre para sa Club of Rome (2013–2015). Sya myembro man sa Club of Rome International sa Switzerland.
== Edukasyon ==
Si Georgescu namundag sa kapagtaraidan na Cotroceni kan Bucharest, asin aki ni Scarlat Georgescu asin ni Aneta Georgescu, ''née'' Popescu.<ref>Mircea, Virginia (December 17, 2020). "Călin Georgescu, fișă de cadre". ''www.cadranpolitic.ro'' (in Romanian). Retrieved February 9, 2022.</ref> Sya gradwado sa Land Reclamation College, Nicolae Bălcescu Institute of Agronomy sa Bucharest (1986) asin nagkua kan saiyang Ph.D. sa soil science kan 1999.
== Karera ==
Si Georgescu nagtukaw bilang direktor ehekutibo kan National Centre for Sustainable Development sa Bucharest puon 2000 sundo 2013. Sarong midbid na awtoridad sa estarahehikong pagplano asin disenyo kan mga publikong palakaw, sya nanombrahan kan Gobyernong Romano na ikoordinar an pagmukna nin duwang surunod na bersyon kan National Sustainable Development Strategy (kan 1999 asin 2008), uyon sa mga giya kan European Strategy for Sustainable Development.
Pigsasalak nya an komprehensibong kaaraman sa mga prinsipyo asin pagpraktis nin sustenableng pag-uswag kaiba an personal na agi-agi sa luwas sa paagi kan pakikitrabaho sa mga stakeholder sa publiko asin pribadong sektor siring man kaiba an sosyedad sibil tangani na magdisenyo, mag-implementar, asin magbantay sa paghaman nin mga espesipikong proyekto sa irarom kan Lokal na Agenda 21 (pinunan kan United Nations Development Programme kan 1992) sa labing 40 mga munisipyong Romano.
Dating Senior Fellow sa United Nations Development Programme, si Georgescu nagkapot man nin manlain-lain na katungdan sa sistemang UN, arog kan UN Special Rapporteur sa mararaot na mga epekto kan bawal paghiro asin pag-apon kan mga nakakalason asin peligrosong mga produkto asin ati sa pag-ehersisyo kan mga karapatan pantawo asin Representante kan UNEP National Committee for Romania.
Sya man an nagkapot nin mga katungdan na arog kan: Adviser to the Minister of Environment, Secretary General of the Ministry of Environment, Director of the International Economic Organisations Department in the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Secretary General of the Romanian Association for the Club of Rome asin executive director of the Institute for Innovation and Development Projects.
Sigun sa sarong pahayag na itinao kan Nobyembre 2020, sinabi ni Georgescu na si Ion Antonescu asin Corneliu Zelea Codreanu mga bayani asin paagi ninda "he lived the national history, through them speaks and spoke the national history and not through the lackeys of the globalist powers that lead Romania today temporarily."<ref>"Cine este Călin Georgescu, propunerea AUR pentru funcția de premier" (in Romanian). Digi24. Retrieved 2021-10-08.</ref>
Si Georgescu pinagproponer bilang prime minister kan Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), sarong grupo nalaog pa sana sana sa Parlyamento nin Roma kasunod kan eleksyon lehislatibo nin Disyembre 2020.<ref>"AUR a anunțat pe cine va propune ca premier: "Călin Georgescu este un român patriot"". ''Stirileprotv.ro''. Retrieved 2020-12-07.</ref> Durante kan 2021 krisis pulitikal na Romano na nagresulta sa paghali sa opisina kan Gabineteng Cîțu, an parehong grupo na nagproponer giraray saiya.<ref>"AUR a anunțat pe cine va propune ca premier: "Călin Georgescu este un român patriot"". ''Stirileprotv.ro''. Retrieved 2020-12-07.</ref>
Magkapirang artikulo an nagtuyaw ki Georgescu huli sa mga binutasan nyang pahayag pabor sa Rusya; an iba ngani pigkokonsiderar sya na representante kan intereses kan Ruso sa Romania.<ref>"Călin Georgescu-AUR, rusofil pe față la Pandele TV, promovat de Sputnik: "Șansa României este înțelepciunea rusească. Complexul militar industrial american este interesat să împingă către un conflict" - Ziariștii", ''Ziariștii'', 2021-04-07, retrieved 2021-04-07</ref><ref>"Călin Georgescu-AUR, rusofil pe față la Pandele TV, promovat de Sputnik: "Șansa României este înțelepciunea rusească. Complexul militar industrial american este interesat să împingă către un conflict" - Ziariștii", ''Ziariștii'', 2021-04-07, retrieved 2021-04-07</ref>
== Mga publikasyon ==
*Romania at Crossroads, Editura Logos, Bucuresti, 2014 and Editura Christiana, 2016 (second revised edition and the country project)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327182424/http://www.ipid.ro/reprofesionalizarea/?p=629 "Pentru un ideal comun"] [In Search of Common Purpose], Compania Publishing House, Bucharest, 2012.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 “România după criză. Reprofesionalizarea”] [Romania after the crisis. Reshaping Professional Worth], coordinators {{ill|Mircea Malița|ro}} and Călin Georgescu, Compania Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140712155919/http://www.ipid.ro/rr3_docs/rr3.pdf “Trezirea la realitate”] [A Wake-up Call], in ''România post-criză. Reprofesionalizarea României III'' [''Romania after the Crisis''], 3rd IPID Report, Bucharest, 2010, pp. 5–15.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150506021417/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr2_ro.pdf “Reclădirea capitalului uman”] [Rebuilding Human Capital], in ''Șansa României: oamenii. Reprofesionalizarea României II'' [''A Chance for Romania: Betting on People''], 2nd IPID Report, București, 2009, pp. 7–18.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309011236/http://www.clubofrome.ro/php/publications_files/pdfs/1262766668.pdf “Romania at the Eve of the Third Millennium”], in Millennium III, special issue on “Which Forces are Driving Europe?, European Conference of the National Associations of the Club of Rome”, Bucharest, 23–24 May 2008, pp. 95–103.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140211082435/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr1_ro.pdf ''“Reprofesionalizarea României”''] [''Reshaping Professional Worth in Romania''], 1st IPID Report, Bucharest, 2008; author and editor.
*[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SNDD_2008_EN_.pdf ''National Sustainable Development Strategy of Romania 2013-2020-2030''], (available in Romanian and English), Government of Romania, Bucharest, 2008; Project Manager.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160908065114/http://cndd.ro/documents_local_agenda_21.html ''Planurile Locale de Dezvoltare Durabilă “Agenda Locală 21”''] [Local Sustainable Development Plans under Local Agenda 21], for 40 local authorities, 2000–2008; Project Manager.
*[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NSSD_1999_EN.pdf ''National Sustainable Development Strategy''], (available in Romanian and English), United Nations Development Programme, Bucharest, 1999; Project Manager.
*[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Romania_2020.pdf ''Romania 2020''], Editura Conspress, București, 1998, Editor.
== Susugan ==
{{reflist}}
== Panluwas na mga link ==
*Club of Rome (https://www.clubofrome.org/)
*European Research Centre of the Club of Rome (http://www.clubofrome.eu/)
*United Nations Global Sustainability Index Institute - UNGSII (http://www.ungsii.org/)
*United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner - OHCHR (http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Pages/Home.aspx)
*United Nations Development Programme - UNDP (http://www.undp.org/
*United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP (http://www.unep.org/)
*Centrul Național pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă / National Centre for Sustainable Development (http://www.ncsd.ro {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816045711/http://www.ncsd.ro/ |date=2015-08-16 }})
*Strategia Națională pentru Dezvoltarea Durabilă a României / National Sustainable Development Strategy (http://strategia.ncsd.ro/)
=== Artikulo asin interbyu ===
*{{YouTube|id=mhPyLLadmgs|title=Legile Afacerilor – Călin Georgescu}} – [[TVR 2]] – "Legile Afacerilor" (Business Laws), 5 September 2016 – in Romanian
*[http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/adevarul-live-ora-1400-calin-georgescu-lider-clubul-roma-despre-nationalism-ortodoxie-lupta-politica-1_5757c7815ab6550cb8c110bf/index.html Călin Georgescu despre naționalism, ortodoxie, lupta politică] - 8 June 2016 - in Romanian
*[http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari Călin Georgescu: "Nu recunosc conducerea acestei țări"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306065929/http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari |date=2023-03-06 }}, 29 March 2015 - in Romanian
*[http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ Călin Georgescu - interviu la Realitatea TV], 25 September 2014 - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220171359/http://www.initiativepentruromania.ro/calin-georgescu-interviu-manifest-romania-are-nevoie-de-un-stat-care-isi-serveste-cu-abnegatie-cetatenii-si-nu-de-unul-care-slugareste-capitalul-international-2/ "România are nevoie de un stat care își servește cu abnegație cetățenii"], 3 March 2014 - in Romanian
*[http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html ”Lideri pricepuți. Decizii cruciale”]-in Romanian,[http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/skilled-leaders-for-crucial-decisions.html ”Skilled Leaders for Crucial Decisions”] in English, foreword to [http://www.compania.ro/ Romanian edition of "Bankrupting Nature, Denying our Planetary Boundaries" by Anders Wijkman and Johan Rockström]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(compania, Bucharest, 2013)-in English.
*"[http://www.bursa.ro/calin-georgescu-trebuie-restabilit-echilibrul-intre-rationalitatea-economica-si-suportabilitatea-sociala-145901&s=ziua_zeuro&articol=145901.html Trebuie restabilit echilibrul între raţionalitatea economică şi suportabilitatea socială"], interview by Adina Ardeleanu, BURSA, 27 October 2011. - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331102126/http://inregistrari.antena3.ro/view-26_Aug-2011-Vorbe_grele_cu_Victor_Ciutacu-30.html VIDEO Călin Georgescu este invitatul lui Victor Ciutacu la emisiunea "Vorbe Grele" la Antena 3], 26 August 2011.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120328123418/http://romaniapress.ro/interviuri/9657-exclusivitate-avem-ce-invata-de-la-altii-dar-problemele-noastre-tot-noi-trebuie-sa-le-rezolvam.html "Avem ce învăța de la alții, dar problemele noastre tot noi trebuie să le rezolvam"], interview with Călin Georgescu for RomaniaPress.ro, 3 August 2011. - in Romanian
*[http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html "Nişa României: agricultura eco"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html |date=2012-10-08 }}: Călin Georgescu, director executiv al Centrului Naţional pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă din România ["Romania's Niche: bio agriculture": Călin Georgescu, executive director of the National Centre for Sustainable Development"], interview by Sabina Fati, 5 July 2011.-in Romanian
*[http://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html Soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată: Expertul Călin Georgescu la Dezbaterile Wall-Street.ro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145007/https://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html |date=2022-01-25 }} [Keys to country's immediate economic revival: expert Călin Georgescu at Wall-Street.ro debates], 4 July 2011.-in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110818055115/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=105268 VIDEO "Pentru omenire, criza actuală nu este o problemă, ci ceea ce urmează după ea"] [The Current Crisis is not the Problem for the Humanity, but what will come after it], interview by Rodica Culcer and Lidia Moise, PRIM PLAN, TVR 1, 20 June 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110823083021/http://www.tvr.ro/inregistrari.php Emisunea PRIM PLAN – integrala] poate fi vazuta la INREGISTRARILE SAPTAMANII, Luni: 20-06-2011.- in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110805081116/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4140 "Viitorul va fi al creierului și al minții"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805073503/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4145 The Future Will Belong to the Brain and Mind], interview by Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, April 2011.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003901/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=99484 VIDEO "Interviu în exclusivitate cu Călin Georgescu, unul dintre liderii europeni ai grupului de la Roma"] [Exclusive interview with Calin Georgescu, one of the European leaders of the Club of Rome] interview by Lidia Moise, TVR, 18 March 2011. - in Romanian
*Despre soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată a țării [Keys to country's immediate economic revival], interview by Dr. Alex Todericiu, 15 December 2010, Wall Street, [http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Economie/96663/INTERVIU-Calin-Georgescu-Despre-solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-a-tarii.html INTERVIU - Calin Georgescu: Despre solutii pentru o relansare economica imediata a tarii] (in Romanian).
*"Poporul român va dainui, criza e provocată de trufie și lacomie" [The people of Romania will endure. Vanity and greed got us into crisis.], interview by Irina Ursu and Lucian Hainăroșie, 16 November 2010, www.ziare.com, [http://www.ziare.com/social/romani/calin-georgescu-poporul-roman-va-dainui-criza-e-provocata-de-trufie-si-lacomie-interviu-ziare-com-1055795 Calin Georgescu: Poporul roman va dainui, criza e provocata de trufie si lacomie - Interviu] (in Romanian).
*"Sunt oameni pregătiţi să-şi dedice viaţa reconstruirii acestei ţări" [We have people who are willing to serve the country] by Anca Hriban and Roland Cătălin Pena, 29 October 2010, Ziua Veche, [http://www.ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments |date=2010-11-30 }} (in Romanian).
*”Călin Georgescu: ''România nu este aceasta''” [Călin Georgescu: ''This is not Romania''], interview by George Rădulescu, 15 October 2010, Adevărul, [http://www.adevarul.ro/la_masa_adevarului/Calin_Georgescu-_-Romania_nu_este_aceasta_0_353365205.html Călin Georgescu: „România nu este aceasta”] (in Romanian).
*VIDEO. "Expertul Călin Georgescu la videochatul Adevărul: ''În patru ani, România ar putea să devină lider european''” [VIDEO The expert Călin Georgescu at Adevărul videochat: ''In four years Romania might become European leader''], 6 October 2010, Adevărul, http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Durabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html (in Romanian).
*”Măsurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi” [Austerity Measures in a Rush], interview with Călin Georgescu by Stelian Negrea, Financiarul, 15 June 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620030447/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_46290/calin-georgescu-masurile-de-austeritate-sunt-luate-pe-genunchi.html Calin Georgescu: „Masurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi“ | Interviu] (in Romanian).
*”N-am văzut încă o gândire coerentă pentru repornirea motoarelor economiei” [No Coherent Thinking on Restarting the Economic Engine], interview with Călin Georgescu by Cristian Andrei, Puterea, 13 May 2010, [http://www.puterea.ro/news1878/N-am-vazut-inca-o-gandire-coerenta-pentru-repornirea-motoarelor-economiei.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Romanian).
*”Mergeți la drum cu profesioniștii!” [Go along with the Professionals], article by Călin Georgescu, Foreign Policy România, September/October 2009; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 Profesional » Blog Archive » Mergeti la drum cu profesionistii! - Blogul Alianței Profesioniștilor pentru Progres] (in Romanian).
*”Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România” [The Professionals Close Ranks for Romania], interview with Călin Georgescu, Jurnalul Național, 9 July 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502043722/http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/profesionistii-strang-randurile-pentru-romania-514091.html “Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România”] (in Romanian).
*”Reprofesionalizarea României” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth], interview with Călin Georgescu by Cristian Banu, Cadran Politic, No 67, 2009, [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 Cadran politic - Revista lunara de analiza si informare politica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309175424/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 |date=2012-03-09 }} (in Romanian).
*”Incompetenţa generează corupţia” [Incompetence Breeds Corruption], interview with Călin Georgescu by Ovidiu Nahoi, Adevărul, 9 December 2008, http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-coruptia_0_25197567.html (in Romanian).
=== Mga report sa midya ===
*[http://www.activenews.ro/stiri-politic/Afirmatii-fara-precedent-facute-in-direct-la-Televiziunea-Nationala-Romania-nu-mai-este-un-stat-ci-o-corporatie-condusa-de-straini.-In-ultimii-26-ani-Romania-a-pierdut-peste-UN-TRILION-de-euro-mai-mult-decat-a-pierdut-de-la-Stefan-cel-Mare-pana-n-89-138517 "Romania nu mai este un stat, ci o corporatie condusa de straini"], 22 November 2016 - in Romanian
*[http://www.romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 "Motivatia: Romania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 |date=2018-01-04 }}, 1 September 2014 - in Romanian
*[http://www.csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html „O soluție pentru ieșirea din criză: dezvoltarea durabilă”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625103655/https://csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html |date=2022-06-25 }} [A way out of the crisis: sustainable development], an article by Green Revolution Association, 9 November 2010, CSR Romania. - in Romanian
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea ”România după-criză. Reprofesionalizarea”] [Romania after the Crisis. Reshaping Professional Worth], by Dumitru Constantin, 12 October 2010, Cotidianul. -in Romanian
*”Reprofesionalizarea României: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric și Dumitru Costin” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric and Dumitru Costin], by I.Culianu, Wordpress, 23 June 2010, [http://culianu.wordpress.com/2010/06/23/reprofesionalizarea-romaniei-calin-georgescu-dan-puric-si-dumitru-costin-2/ Reprofesionalizarea Romaniei: Calin Georgescu, Dan Puric si Dumitru Costin].
*”Desemnarea unui reprezentant al României în funcţia de Raportor special ONU” [Appointment of a Romanian Representative as UN Special Rapporteur], Press release, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bucharest, 21 June 2010, http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4.
*”Pledoarie pentru competenţă, distributism şi economie civică” [A Plea for Competence, Distributive Growth and Civic Economy] by Ovidiu Hurduzeu, 18 June 2010, http://atreiafortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-pledoarie-pentru-competenta.html.
*”Reprofesionalizarea României - lansarea unui proiect naţional” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth: Launch of a National Project], by Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, No 67, 2009 http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=?Reprofesionalizarea {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=%3FReprofesionalizarea |date=2022-01-25 }}.
*”Anii vacilor slabe” [The Lean Years], by Emil Hurezeanu, Cotidianul, 6 March 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050731/http://old.cotidianul.ro/anii_vacilor_slabe-79.html.
*”Formarea elitelor profesionale—soluția pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a României” [Training of Professional Elites: The Solution for Sustainable Development], EurActiv, 3 March 2008, http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054035/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html |date=2012-03-06 }}.
*”L’IPID a lancé le volume La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie”, Investir en Roumanie, 29 February 2008, [http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html Investir en Roumanie : L’IPID a lancé le volume "La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie" - actualités économiques et opportunités d'affaires en Roumanie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070040/http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html |date=2023-03-06 }}.
*”Pentru reprofesionalizarea României e nevoie de proiecte solide” [To Bring Back Professionalism Romania Needs Good Projects], EurActiv, 12 October 2006, http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054051/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html |date=2012-03-06 }}.
[[Kategorya:WikiForHumanRights]]
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azre1zipf4ioz24jfsztzs9gel77p6s
Beryl Fletcher
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Si '''Beryl Joan Fletcher''' (31 Mayo 1938 – 21 Pebrero 2018)<ref>[http://deaths.waikatotimes.co.nz/obituaries/waikato-times-nz/obituary.aspx?n=beryl-fletcher&pid=188249402 Beryl Fletcher Obituary]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary: Feminist author a determined woman |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/102311593/obituary-feminist-author-a-determined-woman |access-date=2023-03-27 |archive-date=2018-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131558/https://i.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/102311593/obituary-feminist-author-a-determined-woman |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sarong feministang taga New Zealand na [[nobelista]]. An enot niyang nobela, ''The Word Burners''nagkamit kan 1992 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]], Best First Book, Asia/Pacific region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-02-28|title=RiP Beryl Fletcher|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2018/02/28/102743/rip-beryl-fletcher/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=Books+Publishing|language=en-AU}}</ref>
Siya naggradwar sa [[University of Waikato]] na may degree'ng Master sa Sociology kan 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Siya Writer in Residence sa [[University of Iowa]], [[International Writing Program]].<ref name=":0" /> Kan 1999, siya Writer in Residence sa Waikato University. Kan 2005, siya nagin Ledig House International Writers’ Resident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambafrance-nz.org/spip.php?article1331 |title=Beryl Fletcher, 2006 - Ambassade de France en Nouvelle Zélande |accessdate=2011-06-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728075322/http://www.ambafrance-nz.org/spip.php?article1331 |archivedate=2011-07-28 }}</ref> Kan 2006, siya [[Randell Cottage Writers' Residency|Writer in Residence sa Randell Cottage]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Samdog Design Ltd |url=http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/Writers/Profiles/Fletcher,%20Beryl |title=New Zealand Book Council |website=Bookcouncil.org.nz |date= |accessdate=2016-10-14 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205959/http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/Writers/Profiles/Fletcher,%20Beryl |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
==Mga trabaho==
*{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bUs8G4gHQZEC&q=Beryl+Fletcher| title=The Word Burners| year=1991| publisher=Daphne Brasell Associates Press| isbn=978-0-908896-03-5}}; Spinifex Press, 2002, {{ISBN|978-1-876756-23-9}}
*{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnRTwbxCVhIC&q=Beryl+Fletcher| title=The Iron Mouth| publisher=Spinifex Press| year= 1993| isbn= 978-1-875559-22-0}}
*{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCbszGAQLdgC&q=Beryl+Fletcher| title=The Silicon Tongue| publisher= Spinifex Press| year= 1996| isbn= 978-1-875559-49-7}}
*{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5twwKPK5v3oC&q=Beryl+Fletcher| title=The Bloodwood Clan| publisher=Spinifex Press| year= 1999| isbn= 978-1-875559-80-0 }}
*''Juno and Hannah''. Spinifex Press. 2013. {{ISBN|978-1-74219-875-0}}
===Memoir===
*{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjjI2e-cRaIC&q=Beryl+Fletcher| title=The House at Karamu| publisher=Spinifex Press| year= 2004| isbn= 978-1-876756-35-2 }}
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[http://www.berylfletcher.co.nz/ Author's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307200244/https://www.berylfletcher.co.nz/ |date=2023-03-07 }}
*[http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/vwu&CISOPTR=1126&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 Beryl Fletcher interview, The University of Iowa, Nov. 18, 1994 ]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.listener.co.nz/uncategorized/her-way/ "Her way"], ''New Zealand Listener'', Beryl Fletcher, July 5, 2003
{{Authority control}}{{Poon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fletcher, Beryl}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1938 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2018 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga taga New Zealand na mga babaeng nobelista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga navgtapos sa University of Waikato]]
[[Kategorya:Ika-20ng siglong mga nobelistang taga New Zealand]]
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Bandera kan Espanya
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[[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Spain.svg|right|thumb]]
An [[nasyunal na bandera]] kan [[Espanya]] ({{lang-es|Bandera de España}}), susog sa kun pàno iyan ilinadawan sa [[Spanish Constitution of 1978|Constitution of 1978]], kompwesto nin tulong horizontal stripes: pula, giyaw asin pula, an giyaw na stripe bilang duwang beses an pagkadakula kisa sa pulang stripe. Sa tradisyon, an tahaw na stripe ilinadawan kan mas suanoy nang termino na {{lang|es|gualda}}, asin huli kaiyan an bantog na ngaran na {{lang|es|la Rojigualda}} (red-[[Reseda luteola|weld]]).
An ginikanan kan presenteng bandera kan [[Espanya]] iyo an [[naval ensign]] kan 1785, {{lang|es|Pabellón de la Marina de Guerra}} sa irarom ni [[Charles III of Spain]]. Pinili iyan ni Charles III mismo sa gabos na 12 manlaenlaen na bandera na dinesenyo ni [[Antonio Valdés y Bazán]] (gabos na proposed flags prinisentar sa gurit, na nakabugtak sa Naval Museum kan Madrid).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/_inicio_home/|title=Royal Spanish Navy|publisher=Armada.mde.es|access-date=2012-03-05}}</ref> Nagdanay an bandera na nakasentro sa marine para sa kadaklan kan masunod na 50 taon asin pinalayog sa coastal fortresses, marine barracks asin iba pang pagrogaring na naval. Durante kan [[Peninsular War]], an bandera manonompongan man sa marine regiments na naglalaban sa kadagaan. Pag-abot kan 1820 na an enot na Spanish land unit, an La Princesa Regiment, iyo an itinao, asin pag-abot kan 1843 na si Reyna [[Isabella II kan Espanya]] ginibong opisyal an bandera.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laender-lexikon.com/fspan.htm|title=National Flaggen des Königreichs Spanien|access-date=2004-11-03|author=Volker Preuß|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326103912/http://laender-lexikon.com/fspan.htm|archive-date=2012-03-26}}</ref>
Sa kabilugan kan ika-19 asin kan ika-20 na siglo, an kolor scheme kan bandera nagdanay na iyo man giraray, na igwa nin eksepsyon kan [[Second Spanish Republic|Second Republic]] period (1931–1939); an solamenteng pagbabago na nakasentro sa eskudo.
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
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Lista kan SM Supermalls
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Ini an lista kan [[Shopping mall|shopping malls]] sa irarom kan [[SM Supermalls]] chain pigmananiharan kan Philippine firm [[SM Prime Holdings]]. Kadaklan na malls yaon sa Filipinas, mantang an iba yaon sa Tsina.
==Lista==
===Filipinas===
{{location map+ |Metro Manila |width=260 |float=right|caption=Locations of SM Supermalls within Metro Manila and surrounding areas; red pogs denote malls built prior to 2000s, blue pogs for malls built in the 2000s, green pogs for malls built in the 2010s, yellow pogs for malls built since 2020. |places=
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |marksize=6 |lat=14.657 |long=121.030 |label=North EDSA |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |marksize=6 |lat=14.604 |long=121.018 |label=Sta. Mesa |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |marksize=6 |lat=14.584 |long=121.056 |label=Megamall |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |marksize=6 |lat=14.432 |long=121.010 |label=Southmall |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |marksize=6 |lat=14.442 |long=120.950 |label=Bacoor |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |marksize=6 |lat=14.733 |long=121.058 |label=Fairview |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.589 |long=120.983 |label=Manila |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.483 |long=120.992 |label=Sucat |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.754 |long=120.956 |label=Marilao |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.486 |long=121.043 |label=Bicutan |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.618 |long=120.985 |label=San Lazaro |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.685 |long=120.976 |label=Valenzuela |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.383 |long=120.977 |label=Molino |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.535 |long=120.982 |label=Mall of Asia |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.584 |long=121.077 |label=Pasig |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.565 |long=121.140 |label=Taytay |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.377 |long=121.045 |label=Muntinlupa |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.628 |long=121.084 |label=Marikina |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.449 |long=120.980 |label=Las Piñas |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.707 |long=121.037 |label=Novaliches |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.628 |long=121.116 |label=Masinag |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.629 |long=121.127 |label=Cherry Antipolo |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.546 |long=121.054 |label=Aura Premier |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.470 |long=121.026 |label=BF Parañaque |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.680 |long=121.114 |label=San Mateo |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.587 |long=121.043 |label=Cherry<br />Shaw|position=top}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.658 |long=120.972 |label=Sangandaan |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.786 |long=121.075 |label=San Jose Del Monte |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.671 |long=121.038 |label=Cherry Congressional |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.586 |long=121.104 |label=East<br />Ortigas |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.4088 |long=120.9247 |label=Imus |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Metro Manila |mark=Yellow pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.6552 |long=120.98467 |label=Grand Central |position=bottom}}
|height=}}
{{location map+ |Philippines |float=right |height=|width=260 |caption=Locations of SM Supermalls within the rest of the Philippines built prior to 2005; SM North EDSA is used a reference to locate Metro Manila. |places=
{{location map~ |Philippines |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=14.657 |long=121.030 |label=North EDSA |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=10.311 |long=123.918 |label=Cebu |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=10.714 |long=122.551 |label=Iloilo |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.053 |long=120.697 |label=Pampanga |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=7.049 |long=125.588 |label=Davao |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=8.456 |long=124.623 |label=CDO Uptown |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=13.947 |long=121.625 |label=Lucena |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=16.408 |long=120.599 |label=Baguio |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.301 |long=120.957 |label=Dasmariñas|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=13.755 |long=121.068 |label=Batangas |position=left}}
}}
{{location map+ |Philippines |float=right |height=|width=260 |caption=Locations of SM Supermalls within the rest of the Philippines built from 2006 to 2010.|places=
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.168 |long=120.580 |label=Clark |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.312 |long=121.098 |label=Santa Rosa |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=10.671 |long=122.943 |label=Bacolod |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.879 |long=120.602 |label=Rosales |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.906 |long=120.891 |label=Baliwag |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.409 |long=120.856 |label=Rosario |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=13.621 |long=123.191 |label=Naga |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.477 |long=120.594 |label=Tarlac |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.071 |long=121.301 |label=San Pablo |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.202 |long=121.155 |label=Calamba |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=13.954 |long=121.162 |label=Lipa|position=bottom}}
}}
{{location map+ |Philippines |width=260 |float=right |caption=Locations of SM Supermalls within the rest of the Philippines built from 2011 to 2015.|places=
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.000 |long=120.579 |label=Olongapo Downtown|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=10.380 |long=123.943 |label=Consolacion |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.000 |long=120.692 |label=San Fernando <br />Downtown |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=6.000 |long=125.381 |label=General Santos|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=7.098 |long=125.631 |label=Lanang Premier |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=16.766 |long=121.783 |label=Cauayan |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.530 |long=121.154 |label=Angono |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.487 |long=121.100 |label=Megacenter Cabanatuan |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.487 |long=120.900 |label= Cabanatuan |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=10.380 |long=123.743 |label=Seaside Cebu|position=right}}
}}
{{location map+ |Philippines |width=260 |float=right |caption=Locations of SM Supermalls within the rest of the Philippines built from 2016 to 2020.|places=
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.281 |long=120.866 |label=Trece Martires |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=8.484 |long=124.65 |label=CDO Downtown Premier |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=9.744 |long=118.74 |label=Puerto Princesa |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=17.6127 |long=121.723583 |label=Tuguegarao Downtown |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=13.8871 |long=120.9123 |label=Lemery |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.9325 |long=120.8384 |label=Pulilan |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.9710 |long=120.5719 |label=Urdaneta Central|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=15.1194 |long=120.6030 |label=Telabastagan|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=13.1437 |long=123.7444 |label=Legazpi |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=11.0103 |long=124.6078 |label=Ormoc |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.8266 |long=120.2829 |label=Olongapo Central|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=16.0444 |long=120.3436 |label=Dagupan|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=8.9475 |long=125.5406 |label=Butuan|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=6.9214 |long=122.0790 |label=Mindpro|position=left}}
|height=}}
{{location map+ |Philippines |width=260 |float=right |caption=Locations of SM Supermalls within the rest of the Philippines built since 2021.|places=
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.0996 |long=122.9550 |label=Daet|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=11.5962 |long=122.7484 |label=Roxas|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.3915 |long=120.8508 |label=Tanza|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=12.9763 |long=124.0193 |label=Sorsogon|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=17.6275 |long=121.7179 |label=Tuguegarao|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Philippines |marksize=6 |lat=14.6826 |long=120.5384 |label=Bataan|position=top}}
|height=}}
====Nag-eeksistir na malls====
An minasunod iyo an lista kan SM shopping malls sa Filipinas. Gross floor area is basado sa pinakahuring press release kan SM Prime Holdings, asin sa SM Supermall Mall Profile literature.<ref name="SM Report">{{cite web|url=https://smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SEC%2017-A-2017.pdf|title=2017 17-A Annual Report|publisher=SM Prime Holdings, Inc.|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=January 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101085222/https://smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SEC%2017-A-2017.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="press">[http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%20Prospectus%20%28filed%2022%20Sept%202015%29.pdf Press Release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025642/http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%20Prospectus%20(filed%2022%20Sept%202015).pdf |date=November 17, 2015 }}; PDF auto-download; SM Prime Official Website; retrieved November 6, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SEC%2017-A-2016.pdf|title=SMPH 2016 Annual Report (SEC 17-A)|website=Smprime.com|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=April 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424072313/https://smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SEC%2017-A-2016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! No. !! Name !! style="width:100pt;"| Opening Date!! style="width:95pt;"| Land area (m<sup>2</sup>)!! style="width:95pt;"| Floor area (m<sup>2</sup>) !! class="unsortable"|Location !! style="width:300pt;"| Remarks !! Image
|-
| 1 || [[SM North EDSA]] ||{{sort|1985|November 8, 1985}} || {{Number table sorting|161000}} || {{Number table sorting|497213 }}<ref name="SM Report" /> || [[Santo Cristo, Quezon City|Santo Cristo]] and [[Bagong Pag-asa]], [[Quezon City]] || Formerly known as "SM Center North EDSA" (1985–1986), The SM City North EDSA (1986–2002), and "SM City North EDSA" (2002–2023), First SM Mall in [[Metro Manila]], Largest Solar-Powered Shopping Mall in [[Southeast Asia]], second largest Shopping Mall in the country, and the [[List of largest shopping malls|11th in the world]]<br />City Center and The Block currently undergoing redevelopment. || [[File:SM City North EDSA (Quezon City; 01-01-2020).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 2 || [[SM City Sta. Mesa]] ||{{sort|1990|September 28, 1990}} || {{Number table sorting|30000}} || {{Number table sorting|133894}} || Doña Imelda, [[Quezon City]] || Formerly known as "SM Centerpoint" (1990–2005) ||
|-
| 3 || [[SM Megamall]] ||{{sort|1991|June 28, 1991}} || 206,000 ||{{Number table sorting|474225}} || [[Ortigas Center]], [[Mandaluyong]] || First SM Mall in Eastern [[Metro Manila]], First SM Mall in Mandaluyong, third largest shopping mall in the country and 13th in the world. || [[File:SM Megamall.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 4 || [[SM City Cebu]] ||{{sort|1993|November 27, 1993}} || {{Number table sorting|128000}} || {{Number table sorting|268611}} || North Reclamation Area, Mabolo, [[Cebu City]] || First SM Mall in [[Cebu]], First SM Mall in [[Visayas]], First SM Mall in Central Visayas, and First SM Supermall outside of [[Metro Manila]]. || [[File:SM City Cebu Main Mall Facade (2023).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 5 || [[SM Southmall]] ||{{sort|1995|April 2, 1995}} || {{Number table sorting|200000}} || {{Number table sorting|205120}} ||Almanza Uno, [[Las Piñas]] || First SM Mall in Southern [[Metro Manila]] and First SM Mall in [[Las Piñas]]. ||
|-
| 6 || SM City Bacoor ||{{sort|1997|July 25, 1997}} || {{Number table sorting|88000}} || {{Number table sorting|120202}} || [[Bacoor]], [[Cavite]] || First SM Mall in [[Cavite]] Province, First SM Mall in [[Calabarzon]] and [[Southern Tagalog]]. First SM Mall in South Luzon and Provincial Mall in Luzon (outside Metro Manila). || [[File:SM City Bacoor (Binakayan, Bacoor, Cavite; 2015-06-11).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 7 || [[SM City Fairview]] ||{{sort|1997|October 25, 1997}} || {{Number table sorting|202000}} || {{Number table sorting|312749}}<ref>[https://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/investor_relations/SMPH%20Bonds%20Preliminary%20Prospectus_0.pdf SMPH Bonda Preliminary Prospectus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319233614/https://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/investor_relations/SMPH%20Bonds%20Preliminary%20Prospectus_0.pdf |date=March 19, 2022 }}</ref> || [[Novaliches]], [[Quezon City]] || First SM Mall in Northern [[Metro Manila]] and First SM Mall in [[Novaliches]].|| [[File:SM City Fairview main building, Lagro, Novaliches, Quezon City.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 8 || [[SM City Iloilo]] ||{{sort|1999|June 11, 1999}} || {{Number table sorting|170000}} || {{Number table sorting|181657}} ||[[Mandurriao]], [[Iloilo City]] || First SM Mall in [[Western Visayas]]. ||
|-
| 9 || SM City Manila ||{{sort|2000|April 14, 2000}} || {{Number table sorting|25000}} || {{Number table sorting|161107}} || [[Ermita]], [[Manila]] || Adjacent to [[Manila City Hall]]. Built on the former site of the old Y.M.C.A. Building Manila. First SM Mall in Manila. || [[File:SM City Manila (A. Villegas, Manila; 11-23-2019).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 10 || [[SM City Pampanga]] ||{{sort|2000|November 11, 2000}} || {{Number table sorting|316000}} || {{Number table sorting|132484 }} || San Jose, [[San Fernando, Pampanga]] and Lagundi, [[Mexico, Pampanga]] || First SM Mall in [[Pampanga]], First SM Mall in [[San Fernando, Pampanga|San Fernando]] and [[Mexico, Pampanga|Mexico]], [[Pampanga]], First SM Mall in [[Central Luzon]], the longest mall in the Philippines and the only SM Mall that sits in two towns (Mexico and San Fernando). || [[File:SM City Pampanga (Mexico side).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 11 || SM City Sucat ||{{sort|2001|July 13, 2001}} || {{Number table sorting|101000}} || {{Number table sorting|96277}} || [[San Dionisio, Parañaque|San Dionisio]], [[Parañaque]] || Formerly known as "SM Supercenter Sucat" and First SM Mall in Parañaque. || [[File:SM City Sucat (Dr. A. Santos Avenue, San Dionisio, Paranaque)(2017-05-25).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 12 || [[SM City Davao]] ||{{sort|2001|November 16, 2001}} || {{Number table sorting|132000}} || {{Number table sorting|126425}} || [[Davao City]] || First SM Mall in [[Mindanao]], First SM Mall in [[Davao Region]] and First SM Mall in [[Davao City]]. ||
|-
| 13 || [[SM City CDO Uptown]] ||{{sort|2002|November 15, 2002}} || {{Number table sorting|52000}} || {{Number table sorting|94800}} || [[Cagayan de Oro]] || Formerly known as "SM City Cagayan de Oro" (2002–2022), First SM Mall in [[Northern Mindanao]] and First SM Mall in [[Cagayan de Oro]].<br />The Northwing opened on June 30, 2022. ||
|-
| 14 || SM City Bicutan ||{{sort|2002|November 29, 2002}}|| {{Number table sorting|39000}} || {{Number table sorting| 113214}} || [[Don Bosco, Parañaque|Don Bosco]], [[Parañaque]] || Second SM Mall in Parañaque. || [[File:9937Don Bosco, Parañaque City 33.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 15 || SM City Lucena ||{{sort|2003|October 3, 2003}} || {{Number table sorting|80000}} || {{Number table sorting|78655}} || [[Lucena]] || First SM Mall in [[Quezon Province]]. || [[File:Old Manila South Road-Dalahican, SM City Lucena (Lucena, Quezon; 10-09-2022).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 16 || [[SM City Baguio]] ||{{sort|2003|November 21, 2003}} || {{Number table sorting|80000}} || {{Number table sorting|160000}} || [[Baguio]] ||Architecture inspired by the Banaue Rice Terraces. Built in the site of the former Pines Hotel. First SM Mall in [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and in North Luzon. Largest SM Mall in Northern Luzon. Flagship project with no air-conditioning system.<br /> || [[File:SM City Baguio (Gov. Pack Road, Baguio City; 02-25-2023).jpg|200px]]
|-
| 17 || SM City Marilao ||{{sort|2003|November 28, 2003}} || {{Number table sorting|130000}} || {{Number table sorting|93910}} || [[Marilao, Bulacan|Marilao]], [[Bulacan]] || First SM Mall in [[Bulacan]]. || [[File:0556Ibayo, Marilao Bulacan 21.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 18 || [[SM City Dasmariñas]] ||{{sort|2004|May 21, 2004}} || {{Number table sorting|124000}} || {{Number table sorting|201645 }} || [[Dasmariñas]], [[Cavite]] || Second Largest Mall in South Luzon. || [[File:SM City Dasmariñas - main bldg. (Aguinaldo hwy. cor. Governor's Drive, Dasmariñas, Cavite; 2017-03-16).jpg|200 px]]
|-
| 19 || SM City Batangas ||{{sort|2004|November 12, 2004}} || {{Number table sorting|85000}} || {{Number table sorting|80350}} || [[Batangas City]], [[Batangas]] || First SM Mall in [[Batangas]]. || [[File:SM City Batangas, April 2023.jpg|200 px]]
|-
| 20 || SM City San Lazaro ||{{sort|2005|May 27, 2005}} || {{Number table sorting|40000}} || {{Number table sorting|176159}} || [[Santa Cruz, Manila]] || Located in a parcel of land from the former San Lazaro Hippodrome where it was named after. ||
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| 21 || [[SM City Valenzuela]] ||{{sort|2005|October 28, 2005}} || {{Number table sorting|25000}} || {{Number table sorting|70681}} || [[Karuhatan]], [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]] || Formerly known as an "SM Supercenter Valenzuela" (later "SM Center") mall until the opening of The SM Store on October 26, 2018. First SM Mall in Valenzuela. ||[[File:09385jfTullahan_Karuhatan_MacArthur_Highway_SM_Center_Marulas_Valenzuela_Cityfvf_04.jpg|200px]]
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| 22 || SM City Molino ||{{sort|2005|November 18, 2005}} || {{Number table sorting|48000}} || {{Number table sorting|59069}} || Bacoor, Cavite || Formerly known as an "SM Supercenter Molino" (later "SM Center") mall. ||
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| 23 || [[SM City Santa Rosa]] ||{{sort|2006|February 17, 2006}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://smprime.com/fly-high-butterflies-sm-city-santa-rosa |title=Fly High with Butterflies at SM City Santa Rosa | SM Prime Holdings |website=smprime.com |access-date=January 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803104350/https://smprime.com/fly-high-butterflies-sm-city-santa-rosa |archive-date=August 3, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|171000}} || {{Number table sorting|137463}} || [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] || First SM Mall in [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] and the Largest in Laguna.<br />2 BPO tower buildings undergoing construction.<ref name="SM Report" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tempo.com.ph/2016/11/15/sm-prime-cashes-in-on-santa-rosa-as-the-next-bpo-hub-of-the-south/|title=SM Prime Cashes in on Santa Rosa as the next BPO hub of the South|date=November 15, 2016|website=Tempo.com.ph|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=July 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701004654/http://tempo.com.ph/2016/11/15/sm-prime-cashes-in-on-santa-rosa-as-the-next-bpo-hub-of-the-south/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[File:SM City Santa Rosa (Manila South Road, Santa Rosa, Laguna)(2018-08-26).jpg|200px]]
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| 24 || [[SM City Clark]] ||{{sort|2006|May 12, 2006}} || {{Number table sorting|165000}} || {{Number table sorting|308,909}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/07/05/on-top-of-the-world-at-sm-city-clarks-sky-line/|title=On top of the world at SM City Clark's Sky Line|date=July 5, 2022|website=businessmirror.com.ph|access-date=August 23, 2022|archive-date=July 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716020941/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/07/05/on-top-of-the-world-at-sm-city-clarks-sky-line/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone|Clark Freeport Zone]], [[Angeles City]] || Second SM Mall in Pampanga, Third SM Mall in Central Luzon, and Largest Mall in Luzon outside of Metro Manila. ||
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| 25 || [[SM Mall of Asia]] ||{{sort|2006|May 21, 2006}} || {{Number table sorting|195000}} || {{Number table sorting|589891}} || [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]], [[Pasay]] || First SM Supermall to launch an [[IMAX]] theater and First SM mall in Pasay. Currently the largest shopping mall in the country and the third largest in the world after an expansion involving the opening of the first [[IKEA]] store in the Philippines since November 15, 2021. ||[[File:View of Pasay City at SM Mall of Asia II.tif|200px]]
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| 26 || SM Center Pasig ||{{sort|2006|August 19, 2006}} || {{Number table sorting|21000}} || {{Number table sorting|29602}} || [[Ugong, Pasig|Ugong]], [[Pasig]] || First SM Mall in Pasig and First SM Supermall with no cinemas. || [[File:SM Center Pasig.jpg|200px]]
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| 27 || SM City Lipa<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1287957431.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611112859/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1287957431.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|title=NEW SHOPPING MALLS EARNINGS RAISE SM PRIME'S NET INCOME|date=May 9, 2007|work=Manila Times{{Subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}|access-date=April 4, 2014|accessdate=September 22, 2023|archivedate=June 11, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611112859/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1287957431.html}}</ref> ||{{sort|2006|September 22, 2006}} || {{Number table sorting|103000}} || {{Number table sorting|141283}} || [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]], [[Batangas]] || Second SM Mall in Batangas.|| [[File:Batangasjf0243 01.JPG|200px]]
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| 28 || [[SM City Bacolod]] ||{{sort|2007|March 2, 2007}} || {{Number table sorting|161096}} || {{Number table sorting|137229}} || [[Bacolod]] || First SM Mall in [[Negros Occidental]]. || [[File:SM City Bacolod North Wing.jpg|200px]]
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| 29 || SM City Taytay ||{{sort|2007|November 9, 2007}} || {{Number table sorting|63000}} || {{Number table sorting|97467}} || [[Taytay, Rizal|Taytay]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] || First SM Mall in [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]. || [[File:PH=rizal=taytay=manila east road=dolores=sm city taytay=bldg. a -philippines--2015-0523--ls-.jpg|200px]]
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| 30 || SM Center Muntinlupa ||{{sort|2007|November 16, 2007}} || {{Number table sorting|36000}} || {{Number table sorting|57060}} || [[Tunasan]], [[Muntinlupa]] || First SM Mall in Muntinlupa. ||[[File:SM Center Muntinlupa (National Highway, Tunasan, Muntinlupa; 2015-04-30).jpg|200px]]
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| 31 || [[SM City Marikina]] ||{{sort|2008|September 5, 2008}} || {{Number table sorting|59000}} || {{Number table sorting|178178}} || [[Calumpang, Marikina|Calumpang]], [[Marikina]] || First SM Mall along [[Marikina-Infanta Highway|Marcos Highway]] and First SM Mall in [[Marikina]]. || [[File:0964jf Marcos Highway Bridge SM City Marikina fvf 15.jpg|200px]]
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| 32 || [[SM City Rosales]] ||{{sort|2008|November 28, 2008}} || {{Number table sorting|121000}}<ref name="SM Report" /> || {{Number table sorting|63330}} ||[[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]], [[Pangasinan]] || First SM Mall in [[Pangasinan]] and First SM Mall in [[Ilocos Region]]. || [[File:SM City Rosales (McArthur Highway, Carmen, Rosales, Pangasinan)(2018-11-27).jpg|200px]]
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| 33 || [[SM City Baliwag]]<ref name="SM Report" /> ||{{sort|2008|December 12, 2008}} || {{Number table sorting|93000}} || {{Number table sorting|116632}} || [[Baliuag]], [[Bulacan]] || Second SM Mall in Bulacan. || [[File:0001jfBaliwag Central Terminal SM City Baliwagfvf 11.jpg|200px]]
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| 34 || [[SM City Naga]] ||{{sort|2009|May 1, 2009}} || {{Number table sorting|44000}} || {{Number table sorting|75651}}<ref name="SM Report" /> || [[Naga, Camarines Sur]] || First SM Mall in [[Bicol Region]]. || [[File:SMNAGA1.JPG|200px]]
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| 35 || SM Center Las Piñas ||{{sort|2009|October 2, 2009}} || {{Number table sorting|29000}} || {{Number table sorting|39727}} || Pamplona Dos, [[Las Piñas]] || Second SM Mall in Las Piñas. ||
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| 36 || [[SM City Rosario]] ||{{sort|2009|November 20, 2009}} || {{Number table sorting|54000}} || {{Number table sorting|60657}} || [[Rosario, Cavite]] || || [[File:SM City Rosario, Cavite, Aug 2025 (1).jpg|200px]]
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| 37 || [[SM City Tarlac]] ||{{sort|2010|April 30, 2010}} || {{Number table sorting|34000}} || {{Number table sorting|101369}} || [[Tarlac City]], [[Tarlac]]<ref>Zinnia B. Dela Peña. Wednesday, April 29, 2009. "SM Prime earmarks P12 billion for expansion of RP, China malls". Philippine Star. [http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=3140 SM Prime Holdings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095432/http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=3140 |date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> || First SM Mall in Tarlac, First SM Mall to use the 2009 logo.|| [[File:SMTARLAC.jpg|200px]]
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| 38 || [[SM City San Pablo]] ||{{sort|2010|October 1, 2010}} || {{Number table sorting|69000}} || {{Number table sorting|59776}}|| [[San Pablo, Laguna]] || Second SM Mall in Laguna<br />BPO Building to be constructed and to be finished by the fourth quarter of 2017. || [[File:SM City San Pablo (National Road, San Pablo, Laguna; 10-08-2022).jpg|200px]]
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| 39 || SM City Calamba ||{{sort|2010|October 15, 2010}} || {{Number table sorting|55000}} || {{Number table sorting|73632}} || [[Calamba, Laguna]] || Third SM Supermall in Laguna. || [[File:9790Calamba City Roads Barangays Landmarks 23.jpg|200px]]
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| 40 || SM City Novaliches ||{{sort|2010|October 22, 2010}} || {{Number table sorting|77000}} || {{Number table sorting|60044}} || [[Novaliches]], [[Quezon City]] || ||[[File:SM City Novaliches (Quirino Highway, San Bartolome, Quezon City; 2017-03-27).jpeg|200px]]
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| 41 || SM City Masinag ||{{sort|2011|May 6, 2011}} || {{Number table sorting|37000}} || {{Number table sorting|96313}} || [[Antipolo]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]<ref name="press" /> || First SM Mall to name the Department Store to [[The SM Store]] and Second SM Mall along [[Marikina-Infanta Highway|Marcos Highway]]. || [[File:SM City Masinag Exterior (2-9-23).jpg|200px]]
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| 42 || SM City Olongapo Downtown || {{sort|2020|December 15, 2011}} (soft opening)<br />{{sort|2012|10 February 2012}} (grand opening) || {{Number table sorting|10000}} || {{Number table sorting|49096}} || [[Olongapo]]<ref name="press" /> || Formerly known as "SM City Olongapo" (2011–2019).<br />Built on the site of the former Olongapo City Mall and First SM Mall in [[Zambales]]. || [[File:37SM City Olongapo.jpg|200px]]
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| 43 || SM City Consolacion || {{sort|2012|June 1, 2012}} || {{Number table sorting|46926}} || {{Number table sorting|103558}} || [[Consolacion]], [[Cebu]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/business/sm-signs-lease-consolacion-mall |title=SM signs lease for Consolacion mall |newspaper=Sun.Star |date=October 11, 2010 |access-date=December 10, 2011 |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907023517/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/business/sm-signs-lease-consolacion-mall |url-status=live |accessdate=September 22, 2023 |archivedate=September 7, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907023517/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/business/sm-signs-lease-consolacion-mall }}</ref> || Second SM Mall in Cebu and Second SM Mall in Central Visayas. || [[File:SM City Consolacion-2159.jpg|200px]]
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| 44 || [[SM City San Fernando Downtown]] || {{sort|2012|July 20, 2012}} || {{Number table sorting|7835}} || {{Number table sorting|43130}} || [[San Fernando, Pampanga]]<ref name="press" /> || Third SM Mall in Pampanga, Second SM Mall in San Fernando and the Smallest SM Mall in the [[Philippines]] in terms of land area. || [[File:SM City San Fernando Downtown - V Tiomicio side (San Fernando, Pampanga; 2017-04-14).jpg|200x200px]]
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| 45 || [[SM City General Santos]] || {{sort|2012|August 10, 2012}} || {{Number table sorting|80000}} || {{Number table sorting|131818}} || [[General Santos]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=671&mall=54 |title=SM Prime |access-date=December 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234033/http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=671&mall=54 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 }}</ref> || First SM Mall in [[Soccsksargen]]. ||
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| 46 || [[SM Lanang]] || {{sort|2012|September 28, 2012}} || {{Number table sorting|640000}} || {{Number table sorting|145174}} || [[Davao City]]<ref>Kristine Jane R. Liu and Carmelito Q. Francisco. April 29, 2009. "SM Prime to open one mall every year in mainland China". Business World. [http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=3143 SM Prime Holdings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095701/http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=3143 |date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> || First SM Mall under the "Premier" brand and Second SM Mall in Davao City. ||
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| 47 || [[SM Aura]] || {{sort|2013|May 17, 2013}} || {{Number table sorting|125000}} || {{Number table sorting|249861}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2013 |title=The Aura of a Beautiful Mall - SM Prime Holdings, Inc. |url=https://www.smprime.com/latest_news/the-aura-of-a-beautiful-mall/ |access-date=October 9, 2022 |website=SM Prime Holdings, Inc. - One of the largest integrated property developers in Southeast Asia that offers innovative and sustainable lifestyle cities. |language=en |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009020536/https://www.smprime.com/latest_news/the-aura-of-a-beautiful-mall/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|| [[Bonifacio Global City]], [[Taguig]]<ref>Honey Madrilejos-Reyes. March 3, 2009. "SM Prime to Build Shopping Complex Near The Fort". Business Mirror. [http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=2505 SM Prime Holdings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095510/http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=2505 |date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> || First Gold certified shopping mall in the Philippines by [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://business.mb.com.ph/2017/02/08/sm-aura-receives-leed-gold-certification-for-its-green-features/|title=SM Aura receives LEED Gold certification for its green features|work=Manila Bulletin|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=July 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728030011/https://business.mb.com.ph/2017/02/08/sm-aura-receives-leed-gold-certification-for-its-green-features/|url-status=live|accessdate=September 22, 2023|archivedate=July 28, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728030011/https://business.mb.com.ph/2017/02/08/sm-aura-receives-leed-gold-certification-for-its-green-features/}}</ref> First SM Mall in Taguig and Second SM Mall under the "Premier" brand. || [[File:SM_Aura_Premier_Kwonhubert.jpg|200px]]
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| 48 || SM City BF Parañaque || {{sort|2013|November 29, 2013}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/sm-prime-posts-14-growth-in-net-income-to-p8-43-b-in-9-months/|title=SM Prime posts 14% growth in net income to P8.43 B in 9 months|work=Manila Bulletin|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=December 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223645/http://www.mb.com.ph/sm-prime-posts-14-growth-in-net-income-to-p8-43-b-in-9-months/|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|27000}} || {{Number table sorting|125582}} || [[BF Homes Parañaque|BF Homes]], [[Parañaque]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.inquirer.net/122001/sms-bgc-beachhead|title=SM's BGC beachhead|author=the staff|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203080954/http://business.inquirer.net/122001/sms-bgc-beachhead|url-status=live}}</ref> || Third SM Mall in Parañaque. || [[File:3570Parañaque City Roads 22.jpg|200px]]
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| 49 || [[SM City Cauayan]] || {{sort|2014|May 30, 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|title=SM City Cauayan opening date announcement|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1466806886887021&set=a.1414932392074471.1073741828.1389933177907726&type=1&relevant_count=1 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/1389933177907726/1466806886887021 |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |url-access=limited|publisher=Facebook|access-date=April 20, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|36622}} || {{Number table sorting|70946}}<ref name="SM Report" /> || [[Cauayan, Isabela]]<ref>Krista Angela M. Montealegre, November 8, 2012 "SM group sets record capex for 2013". Interaksyon.com. [http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47595/sm-group-sets-record-capex-for-2013 Interaksyon TV 5] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212045336/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47595/sm-group-sets-record-capex-for-2013 |date=December 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref>November 8, 2012 "SM Investments set P65B capex for '13". Balita.ph. [http://balita.ph/2012/11/08/sm-investments-set-p65b-capex-for-13/ Balita.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228043106/http://balita.ph/2012/11/08/sm-investments-set-p65b-capex-for-13/ |date=December 28, 2019 }}</ref><ref>VG Cabuag, February 19, 2013 "SM Prime profits hit P10.5B in 2012". SMPrime.com. [http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=14764 SM PRIME] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923054007/http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=14764 |date=September 23, 2013 }}</ref> || First SM Mall in Isabela and First SM Mall in [[Cagayan Valley]]. ||
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| 50 || [[SM Center Angono]] || {{sort|2014|November 14, 2014}}<ref>Richard R. Gappi. Friday, October 3, 2014. "SM Angono’s blessing on Nov. 13; grand public opening, Nov. 14. [http://www.rizalhenyo.com/2014/10/03/sm-angonos-blessing-nov-13-grand-public-opening-nov-14/ Rizalhenyo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052450/http://www.rizalhenyo.com/2014/10/03/sm-angonos-blessing-nov-13-grand-public-opening-nov-14/ |date=2016-03-05 }}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|12650}} || {{Number table sorting|41481}} || [[Angono, Rizal]]<ref name="ref1">Wednesday, August 28, 2013. "SM Center Angono Groundbreaking". [http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=16342 Business Mirror] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195205/http://www.smprime.com/smprime/index.php?p=587&type=2&sec=49&aid=16342 |date=October 29, 2013 }}</ref> || First SM "Center" Mall to anchor [[SM Supermarket|Savemore Market]] instead of [[SM Hypermarket]]. ||
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| 51 || SM Megacenter Cabanatuan || {{sort|2015|April 24, 2015}}<ref>April 24, 2015. "Enjoy an all new shopping experience at SM Megacenter Cabanatuan". Philippine Daily Inquirer. [http://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine-daily-inquirer/20150424/282626031225604/TextView Press Reader]</ref> || {{Number table sorting|55000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://megacenter.wordpress.com/about/|title=About Us|date=February 20, 2007|website=Megacenter.wordpress.com|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012204701/https://megacenter.wordpress.com/about/|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|49688}} || [[Cabanatuan]], [[Nueva Ecija]] || Originally opened as "Megacenter the Mall" in 1998<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://megacenter.wordpress.com/about/| title=About Us| website=Megacenter.wordpress.com| date=February 20, 2007| access-date=January 7, 2023| archive-date=January 7, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107042122/https://megacenter.wordpress.com/about/| url-status=live}}</ref> and First SM Mall in [[Nueva Ecija]]. ||
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| 52 || [[SM City San Mateo]] || {{sort|2015|May 15, 2015}} || {{Number table sorting|22882}} || {{Number table sorting|77593}}<ref name="SM Report" /> || [[San Mateo, Rizal]]<ref name="trends">{{cite web|url=http://sminvestments.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMIC%20AR11_web.pdf|title=SM Investments Corporation Annual Report 2011: Trends & Expectations Section|website=Sminvestments.com|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=May 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508083216/http://www.sminvestments.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMIC%20AR11_web.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"SM to open four new malls". [http://www.smprime.com/sm-open-four-new-malls ''SM to open four new malls''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013142/http://www.smprime.com/sm-open-four-new-malls |date=October 13, 2017 }}. [[BusinessWorld]]. Retrieved Tuesday, August 27, 2013.</ref> || || [[File:Ph=rizal=san mateo=gen. luna=sm city san mateo -philippines--2015-0515--ls- (02).jpg|200px]]
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| 53 || [[SM City Cabanatuan]] ||{{sort|2015|October 9, 2015}} || {{Number table sorting|140000}} || {{Number table sorting|154020}}<ref>"SM City Cabanatuan: SM Opens New Destination Mall at the Gateway of the North". October 8, 2015. [http://www.smprime.com/sm-city-cabanatuan-sm-opens-new-destination-mall-gateway-north SM Prime Holdings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012202712/http://www.smprime.com/sm-city-cabanatuan-sm-opens-new-destination-mall-gateway-north |date=October 12, 2017 }}</ref> || [[Cabanatuan]], [[Nueva Ecija]]<ref>{{Cite web|author=Marc Jayson Cayabyab|title=After 10-yr negotiation, SM Prime to build mall in Cabanatuan City|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/264295/after-10-yr-negotiation-sm-prime-to-build-mall-in-cabanatuan-city/story/|access-date=April 8, 2012|website=GMA News Online|language=en|archive-date=January 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122174816/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/264295/after-10-yr-negotiation-sm-prime-to-build-mall-in-cabanatuan-city/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> || Largest SM Supermall in Central Luzon. ||
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| 54 || SM Cherry Shaw ||{{sort|2015|October 13, 2015}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rappler.com/business/industries/109017-cherry-foodarama-reopens-sm-management |title=Cherry Foodarama to reopen, now under SM management |work=Rappler |date=October 12, 2015 |access-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-date=July 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713222743/http://www.rappler.com/business/industries/109017-cherry-foodarama-reopens-sm-management |url-status=live }}</ref> || – || {{Number table sorting|24165}}<ref name="SM Report" /> || [[Mandaluyong]] || First SM Supermall under the "SM Cherry" name after Cherry Foodarama was acquired by SM Group from Ong Family.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|date=June 24, 2015|title=SM to seal deal with Cherry Foodarama in June|url=https://www.rappler.com/business/97360-sm-deal-cherry-foodarama-june-2015/|access-date=January 22, 2023|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US|archive-date=January 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122174820/https://www.rappler.com/business/97360-sm-deal-cherry-foodarama-june-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref> ||
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| 55 || SM Center Sangandaan || {{sort|2015|October 23, 2015}} || {{Number table sorting|10563}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pdex.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SMPH-Prospectus-vFINAL.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205121108/http://www.pdex.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SMPH-Prospectus-vFINAL.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 5, 2015|title=SM PRIME HOLDINGS, INC. : Offer Price of 100% of Face Value|access-date=September 1, 2019}}</ref>|| {{Number table sorting|43626}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SMPH 2014 Results">SM Prime Holdings 2014 Results. p. 9. [http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%202014%20Results.pdf SM Prime Holdings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104953/http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%202014%20Results.pdf |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> || Sangandaan, [[Caloocan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.remate.ph/2014/07/finally-sm-in-caloocan-and-another-hospital/|title=FINALLY, SM IN CALOOCAN AND ANOTHER HOSPITAL|website=Remate.ph|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=June 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606070844/http://www.remate.ph/2014/07/finally-sm-in-caloocan-and-another-hospital/|url-status=live}}</ref> || First SM "Center" Mall to anchor [[SM Supermarket]] and First SM Mall in Caloocan. The only SM Center Mall that has a Cyberzone. || [[File:SM Center Sangandaan mall (Samson Road cor. MH Del Pilar, Caloocan)(2018-03-19).jpg|200px]]
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| 56 || [[SM Seaside City]] || {{sort|2015|November 27, 2015}}<ref name="SM Seaside to open by November 2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/126068840805398/photos/a.126069864138629.30522.126068840805398/845481138864161/?type=1|title=SM Seaside City – Timeline Photos – Facebook|work=facebook.com|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308130928/https://www.facebook.com/126068840805398/photos/a.126069864138629.30522.126068840805398/845481138864161/?type=1|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|304100}} || {{Number table sorting|470971}}<ref name="SM Report" /> ||[[South Road Properties]], Cebu City<ref name="Sunstar">{{cite news |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/sm-seals-srp-stake |title=SM seals SRP stake |newspaper=Sun.Star |date=January 15, 2010 |access-date=December 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907020729/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/sm-seals-srp-stake |archive-date=September 7, 2011 }}</ref> || Third SM Mall in Cebu, Second SM Mall in Cebu City and the largest shopping mall outside of Metro Manila. || [[File:SM Seaside (SRP, Cebu City; 01-15-2023).jpg|200px]]
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| 57 || SM City San Jose Del Monte ||{{sort|2016|April 29, 2016}} || {{Number table sorting|60193}} || {{Number table sorting|102186}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SM Kit July" /> || [[San Jose del Monte]], [[Bulacan]]<ref>San Jose Del Monte City Public Information Office. Friday, September 19, 2014. [https://www.facebook.com/csjdm.pio/posts/1607554409472100 Facebook]</ref> || ||
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| 58 || SM City Trece Martires || {{sort|2016|May 13, 2016}} || {{Number table sorting|50000}} || {{Number table sorting|83783}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SM Kit July" /> || [[Trece Martires]], [[Cavite]] || || [[File:SM City Trece Martires (Governor's Drive, Trece Martires, Cavite; 2017-03-16).jpg|200px]]
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| 59 || SM Cherry Congressional ||{{sort|2016|November 25, 2016}} || – || {{Number table sorting|13469}} || Bahay Toro, [[Quezon City]] ||
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| 60 || SM City East Ortigas ||{{sort|2016|December 2, 2016}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/business/151575-sm-prime-net-income-q3|title=Strong mall revenues drive SM Prime's net income|work=Rappler|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=April 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426182147/http://www.rappler.com//business/151575-sm-prime-net-income-q3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.inquirer.net/209988/new-malls-lift-sm-prime-income-p5-8b|title=New malls lift SM Prime income to P5.8B|first=Miguel R.|last=Camus|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=January 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107042124/https://business.inquirer.net/209988/new-malls-lift-sm-prime-income-p5-8b|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|60000}} || {{Number table sorting|80127}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SM Kit July">{{cite web|url=http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SM%20Prime%201Q2017%20Results%20-%20July%202017.pdf|title=SM Prime Investor Kit – July 2017|website=SMPrime.com|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012202652/http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SM%20Prime%201Q2017%20Results%20-%20July%202017.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> || Santa Lucia, [[Pasig]] || Originally opened as "Ever Gotesco Ortigas" in 1995, acquired from the Ever Gotesco Malls. ||
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| 61 || [[SM CDO Downtown]] || {{sort|2017|May 12, 2017}}<ref name="SMPH Prospectus 2014 Project Details">SM Prime Holdings Retail Bonds Prospectus 2014. p. 50. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205121108/http://www.pdex.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SMPH-Prospectus-vFINAL.pdf Philippine Dealing Exchange]</ref> || {{Number table sorting|28974}} || {{Number table sorting|177,743}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="Prospectus 2015">[http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%20Bonds%20Prospectus%20Nov-2015_0.pdf Press Release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911143604/http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%20Bonds%20Prospectus%20Nov-2015_0.pdf |date=September 11, 2016 }}; PDF auto-download; SM Prime Official Website; retrieved November 2, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/business/2016/08/26/sm-premier-mall-open-oro-mid-2017-493565 |title=SM premier mall to open in Oro mid 2017 |website=SunStar.com.ph |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-date=June 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626085653/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/business/2016/08/26/sm-premier-mall-open-oro-mid-2017-493565 |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Cagayan de Oro]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsadagyud.com/2013/09/26/a-closer-look-at-sm-cdo-2-premier|title=A Closer Look at SM CDO Premier|work=TsadaGyud!|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308034811/http://tsadagyud.com/2013/09/26/a-closer-look-at-sm-cdo-2-premier|url-status=live}}</ref> || Largest SM Supermall in Mindanao and Third SM Supermall under the "Premier" brand. || [[File:SM CDO Downtown Premier at Night (Original Work).jpg|200px]]
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| 62 || S Maison || {{sort|2017|June 17, 2017}} (relaunched as an SM Supermall) || – || {{Number table sorting| 42107}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SM Kit July" /> || [[Bay City (Metro Manila)|Bay City]], [[Pasay]] || Second SM Mall in Pasay. Relaunched as the 62nd SM Supermall (although SM Cherry Antipolo opened first their supermarket area) and the second specialty mall, after The Podium, to be managed by SM Supermalls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestandard.com.ph/lifestyle/shopping/240017/5-reasons-why-you-should-go-to-s-maison.html|title=5 reasons why you should go to S Maison|website=Thestandard.com.ph|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=September 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928103206/http://thestandard.com.ph/lifestyle/shopping/240017/5-reasons-why-you-should-go-to-s-maison.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|| [[File:Conrad Hotel Manila.JPG|200px]]
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| 63 || SM Cherry Antipolo ||{{sort|2017|June 30, 2017}}<ref name="SM Cherry Open">{{cite news|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/sm-prime-open-sm-cherry-antipolo-friday/335509/|title=SM Prime to open SM Cherry Antipolo on Friday|work=The Manila Times|author=Ballesteros, Angelica|access-date=June 29, 2017|date=June 29, 2017|archive-date=July 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191739/http://www.manilatimes.net/sm-prime-open-sm-cherry-antipolo-friday/335509/|url-status=live}}</ref> || – || {{Number table sorting|27225}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SM Kit July" /> || [[Antipolo]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] || Largest SM Cherry Mall.
First SM Mall to open its first-ever Badminton Court.
|
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| 64 || [[SM City Puerto Princesa]] ||{{sort|2017|September 15, 2017}}<ref name="SMPH Prospectus 2014 Expansion List">SM Prime Holdings Retail Bonds Prospectus 2014. p. 48. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205121108/http://www.pdex.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SMPH-Prospectus-vFINAL.pdf Philippine Dealing Exchange]</ref> || {{Number table sorting|58168}} || {{Number table sorting|53203}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SMPrime2017">{{cite news | url=http://www.rappler.com/business/industries/175-real-estate/144625-sm-prime-new-malls-2017 | title=SM Prime to open 7 new malls in 2017 | work=Rappler | access-date=September 7, 2016 | archive-date=September 4, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904135458/http://www.rappler.com/business/industries/175-real-estate/144625-sm-prime-new-malls-2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Puerto Princesa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/business/77331/sm-to-start-constructing-mall-in-puerto-princesa-in-2014---mayor|title=SM to start constructing mall in Puerto Princesa in 2014 – mayor|work=InterAksyon.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213125055/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/77331/sm-to-start-constructing-mall-in-puerto-princesa-in-2014---mayor|archive-date=February 13, 2015}}</ref> || First SM Mall in [[Mimaropa]]. ||
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| 65 || [[SM Center Tuguegarao Downtown]] || {{sort|2017|October 12, 2017}} || {{Number table sorting|16181}} || {{Number table sorting|33301}}<ref name="SM Report" /><ref name="SMPH Offer Supplement 2017"/><ref name="SM ABS-CBN">{{cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/10/17/sm-to-open-65th-mall-its-first-in-cagayan|title=SM to open 65th mall, its first in Cagayan|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=October 12, 2017|archive-date=October 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011082948/http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/10/17/sm-to-open-65th-mall-its-first-in-cagayan|url-status=live}}</ref>|| [[Tuguegarao]], [[Cagayan]] || First SM Mall in Tuguegarao and First SM Mall in [[Cagayan]]. || [[File:SM Center Tuguegarao May 2017.jpg|200px]]
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| 66 || SM Center Pulilan ||{{sort|2017|December 1, 2017}} || {{Number table sorting|65,675}} || {{Number table sorting|27157}}<ref name="SMPH Offer Supplement 2017"/> || [[Pulilan, Bulacan]] || || [[File:344Construction SM Center Pulilan 01.jpg|200px]]
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| 67 || SM Center Lemery ||{{sort|2017|December 15, 2017}} || {{Number table sorting|48,552}} || {{Number table sorting|24877}}<ref name="SMPH Offer Supplement 2017">SM Prime Holdings Offer Supplement 2017. p. 30-31. [http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH_17%20April%202017.pdf SM Prime Holdings, Inc.'s Application for Permit to Sell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093852/http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH_17%20April%202017.pdf |date=April 21, 2017 }}</ref> || [[Lemery, Batangas]] || Third SM Mall in Batangas. ||
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| 68 || SM Center Imus || {{sort|2018|February 16, 2018}} || {{Number table sorting|35,145}} || {{Number table sorting|24,000}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SM%20Prime%201H2017%20101017.compressed.pdf | title=SM Prime | access-date=January 7, 2023 | archive-date=October 14, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014084243/http://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SM%20Prime%201H2017%20101017.compressed.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Imus]], [[Cavite]] || Initially known as ''S-Mall Imus'' at the time of the start of construction of the mall in late April 2017. ||
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| 69 || SM City Urdaneta Central ||{{sort|2018|May 4, 2018}} || {{Number table sorting|38,808}} || {{Number table sorting|78,057}}<ref name="SMPH Investor Kit 2019">{{Cite web |url=https://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/investor_relations/Investor%20Kit_Feb2019_2272019_0.pdf |title=SMPH Investor Kit 2019. p. 13 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-date=December 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204120712/https://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/investor_relations/Investor%20Kit_Feb2019_2272019_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Urdaneta, Pangasinan|Urdaneta]], [[Pangasinan]] || First SM Mall in Urdaneta and Second SM Mall in [[Pangasinan]]. ||
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| 70 || SM City Telabastagan ||{{sort|2018|May 18, 2018}} || {{Number table sorting|105,694}} || {{Number table sorting|55,093}}<ref>{{cite web |title=SM City Telabastagan opens May 18 |url=https://iorbitnews.com/sm-city-telabastagan-opens-may-18/ |website=iOrbit News |date=May 8, 2018 |publisher=SM Prime Holdings |access-date=May 8, 2018 |archive-date=September 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927053444/https://iorbitnews.com/sm-city-telabastagan-opens-may-18/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ||[[San Fernando, Pampanga]] || Fourth SM Mall in Pampanga and Third SM Mall in [[San Fernando, Pampanga]] ||
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| 71 || [[SM City Legazpi]] || {{sort|2018|September 14, 2018}} || {{Number table sorting|36,282}}<ref name="SMPHT3">{{cite web |title=SMPH T3 Offer Supplement Final |url=https://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%20T3_Offer%20Supplement_Final.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2021 |website=smprime.com |publisher=SM Prime Holdings, Inc. |archive-date=January 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101085232/https://smprime.com/sites/default/files/reports/SMPH%20T3_Offer%20Supplement_Final.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|| {{Number table sorting|87,706}}<ref name="SM City Legazpi opens">{{cite news |last1=Solis |first1=Emmanuel |title=SM opens Bicol's biggest shopping mall in Legazpi City |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1048070 |work=Philippine News Agency |publisher=PNA |access-date=September 15, 2018 |archive-date=September 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917193632/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1048070 |url-status=live }}</ref>|| [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]], [[Albay]] || First SM Mall in [[Albay]] and Second SM Mall in Bicol Region.<ref>{{cite news|work=ABS-CBN News|title=SM to open its biggest mall in the Bicol region|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/09/11/18/sm-to-open-its-biggest-mall-in-the-bicol-region|access-date=January 7, 2023|archive-date=January 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107060639/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/09/11/18/sm-to-open-its-biggest-mall-in-the-bicol-region|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[File:SM City Legazpi with Mayon.jpg|200px]]
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| 72 || SM Center Ormoc ||{{sort|2018|November 16, 2018}} || {{Number table sorting|15,782}} || {{Number table sorting|21,280}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />|| [[Ormoc]], [[Leyte]] || First SM Mall in [[Leyte]] and First SM Mall in [[Eastern Visayas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smprime.com/sm-prime-expands-eastern-visayas-sm-center-ormoc|title=SM Prime expands in Eastern Visayas with SM Center Ormoc {{!}} SM Prime Holdings|website=smprime.com|language=en|access-date=December 10, 2018|archive-date=December 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010100/https://smprime.com/sm-prime-expands-eastern-visayas-sm-center-ormoc|url-status=live}}</ref>||
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| 73 || [[SM City Olongapo Central]] || {{sort|2019|September 13, 2019}} || {{Number table sorting|38,749}} || {{Number table sorting|92,345}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />||[[Olongapo]] || Second SM Mall in Zambales and Second SM Mall in [[Olongapo]]. ||
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| 74 || [[SM Center Dagupan]] || {{sort|2019|October 4, 2019}} || {{Number table sorting|17,079}} || {{Number table sorting|23,460}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />|| [[Dagupan]], [[Pangasinan]] || Third SM Mall in [[Pangasinan]] and First SM Mall in [[Dagupan]]. ||
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| 75 || [[SM City Butuan]] || {{sort|2020|November 13, 2020}} || {{Number table sorting|37,233}}<ref name="SMPH Prospectus 2014 Project Details 2">SM Prime Holdings Retail Bonds Prospectus 2014. p. 49. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205121108/http://www.pdex.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SMPH-Prospectus-vFINAL.pdf Philippine Dealing Exchange]</ref> || {{Number table sorting|59,573}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />|| [[Butuan]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/08/26/sm-constructing-2-mindanao-malls/|title=SM constructing 2 Mindanao malls|work=Manilastandardtoday.com|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=September 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925081255/http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/08/26/sm-constructing-2-mindanao-malls/|url-status=live}}</ref> || First SM Mall in [[Caraga]]. || [[File:SM CITY BUTUAN (MAY 6, 2020).jpg|200px]]
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| 76 || [[SM City Mindpro]] || {{sort|2020|December 8, 2020}} || {{Number table sorting|13,078}} || {{Number table sorting|59,383}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smprime.com/company-releases/sm-prime-opens-new-mall-zamboanga-city |title=SM Prime opens New Mall in Zamboanga City {{!}} SM Prime |access-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-date=April 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422160326/https://www.smprime.com/company-releases/sm-prime-opens-new-mall-zamboanga-city |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Zamboanga City]] || Originally opened as "Mindpro Citimall" in 1996, First SM Mall in [[Zamboanga Peninsula]], First SM Mall to anchor a locally owned supermarket, "Mindpro Supermarket" (an affiliate of SM Markets) and the SM Mall to owned, managed and operated by SM Prime (70%) and Mindpro Retail, Inc. (30%) || [[File:SM City Mindpro Signage.jpg|200px]]
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| 77 || SM City Daet || {{sort|2021|October 15, 2021}} || {{Number table sorting|51,208}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />|| {{Number table sorting|49,898}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />|| [[Daet]], [[Camarines Norte]] || First SM Mall in [[Camarines Norte]] and Third SM Mall in Bicol Region.||
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| 78 || [[SM City Grand Central]] || {{sort|2021|November 26, 2021}} || {{Number table sorting|22,902}} || {{Number table sorting|102,790}}<ref name="SMPHT3" />|| [[Caloocan]] || Built on the site of the former Ever Gotesco Grand Central (which was heavily damaged due to structural fire in 2012) and later bought by SM Prime from the Ever Gotesco Malls for redeveloping in 2018. || [[File:Caloocan Valenzuela Cities 10.jpg|200px]]
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| 79 || SM City Roxas<ref name="Manila Standard" />||{{sort|2022|April 8, 2022}}<ref name=":2" />||{{Number table sorting|109,309}}<ref name="SMPH Offer Supplement 2017" />|| {{Number table sorting|41,833}}<ref name="SMPHT3" /> || [[Roxas City]], [[Capiz]]<ref name="SMPH Offer Supplement 2017" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestandard.com.ph/business/banking-report/236042/sm-prime-to-open-10-malls-next-year.html|title=SM Prime to open 10 malls next year|website=Thestandard.com.ph|access-date=July 1, 2017|archive-date=July 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715150453/http://thestandard.com.ph/business/banking-report/236042/sm-prime-to-open-10-malls-next-year.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|| First SM Mall in [[Capiz]] and Third SM Mall in [[Western Visayas]]. ||
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| 80 || [[SM City Tanza]] ||{{sort|2022|October 14, 2022}} || {{Number table sorting|86,718}}|| {{Number table sorting|60029}}<ref name="SM Report" /> || [[Tanza]], [[Cavite]] || Seventh SM Mall in [[Cavite]], First SM Mall in Tanza, First SM Mall to use the 2022 logo (although [[SM City CDO Uptown]] used the said logo when it opened its Northwing Expansion in June 30) and First SM Mall to have a SM Event Screen. || [[File:SM_City_Tanza_Aerial_View.jpg|200px]]
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| 81 || SM City Sorsogon<ref name="Manila Standard" />||{{sort|2022|October 28, 2022}} || {{Number table sorting|45,461}}|| {{Number table sorting|40,000}}<ref name="SMPIK1Q_2022">{{Cite web|last=SM Prime|title=SM Prime Investor Kit – 1Q2022 Results|url=https://www.smprime.com/sites/default/files/investor_relations/SMPHI%20IR%20Kit%201Q2022_FINAL.pdf|website=SMPrime.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|| [[Sorsogon City]], [[Sorsogon]] || First SM Mall in Sorsogon and Fourth SM Mall in Bicol Region.||
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| 82 || SM City Tuguegarao<ref name="Manila Standard" />||{{sort|2022|November 18, 2022}}<ref name="tuguegarao">{{cite news |last1=Salting |first1=Ed Paolo |title=SM Prime to open new mall in Tuguegarao |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/11/17/business/top-business/sm-prime-to-open-new-mall-in-tuguegarao/1866646 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |work=The Manila Times |date=November 17, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117005425/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/11/17/business/top-business/sm-prime-to-open-new-mall-in-tuguegarao/1866646 |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{Number table sorting|141,404}}|| {{Number table sorting|63,632}}|| [[Tuguegarao]], [[Cagayan]]|| Second SM Mall in Tuguegarao City. || [[File:SM City Tuguegarao night view (Bagay Road, Tuguegarao, Cagayan; 11-18-2022).jpg|200px]]
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| 83 || SM City Bataan<ref name="Manila Standard" />|| {{sort|2023|May 19, 2023}} <ref>{{Cite web |last=Viray |first=Raffy C. |date=February 3, 2020 |title=High economic impact with opening of SM Balanga City |url=https://1bataan.com/high-economic-impact-with-opening-of-sm-balanga-city/ |access-date=February 24, 2023 |website=1Bataan |language=en-US |archive-date=February 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224101922/https://1bataan.com/high-economic-impact-with-opening-of-sm-balanga-city/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|| 46,145|| 55,595|| Ibayo, [[Balanga, Bataan|Balanga]]. [[Bataan]]||First SM Mall in [[Bataan]]. || [[File:SM City Bataan (Calero Street, Balanga, Bataan; 05-19-2023).jpg|200px]]
|}
k13ac2zvwtmne63fmnwx4r2x3danivr
Hikaru Utada
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{{Infobox tawo|name=Hikaru Utada|image=Utada Hikaru.jpg|image_size=|caption=Utada performing in 2006|native_name={{lang|ja|宇多田ヒカル}}|native_name_lang=ja|birth_name=Hikaru Utada ({{lang|ja|宇多田 光}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%87%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%B0%E3%83%92%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB-1057881 |script-title=ja:宇多田ヒカルとは |trans-title=Utada Hikaru Uta-Da-Hikaru |website=[[Kotobank]] |language=ja |access-date=October 28, 2021 |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028153725/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%87%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%B0%E3%83%92%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB-1057881 |url-status=live }}</ref>|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|1|19}}|birth_place=[[New York City]], U.S.|nationality=Japanese (''[[jus sanguinis]]'')<br> American (''[[jus soli]]'', expatriate)|alma_mater=[[Columbia University]]<ref name="WaPo2004"/>|other_names={{flatlist|
* Utada
* Hikki
* Cubic U
}}|occupation={{flatlist|
* Singer
* songwriter
* producer
}}|spouse={{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Kazuaki Kiriya]]|7 September 2002|2 March 2007|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|Francesco Calianno|23 May 2014|7 April 2018|end=div.}}
}}|children=1|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
|origin = Japan
|genre = {{flatlist|
* [[J-pop]]
* [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]
* [[dance pop]]
* [[electronica]]
}}
|years_active = {{flatlist|
* 1996–2012
* 2016–present
}}
|label = {{flatlist|
* [[EMI Music Japan]]
* [[Virgin Records|Virgin]]
* [[Island Records|Island]]
* [[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
* [[Epic Records Japan|Epic]]
}}
|associated_acts = [[Teruzane Utada]]
}}}}'''Hikaru Utada''', namundag Enero 19, 1983), na bisto man sa [[:en:Mononym|mononym]] Utamad<ref name="MJP">{{Cite web}}</ref> sarong Hapon[[ga Amerikanong Hapon|-Amerikano]] parakanta nin pop, parasurat kanta asin prodyuser. Utada nagin saro sa pinakamaimpluensya asin pinakamabentang artistang musikal sa Hapon.
Namundag sa Estados Unidos sa mga magurang na Hapon, rekord nagproprodyusir si [[:en:Teruzane_Utada|Teruzane Utada]] asin {{lang|ja-Latn|[[enka]]}} parakantang si [[Keiko Fuji]], si Utada nagpoon magsurat nin musika asin liriko sa amay na edad asin parati nagbibiahe pasiring Tokyo resulta kan saiyang pag-trabaho bilang {{Efn|Utada uses [[she (pronoun)|she/her]] and [[singular they|they/them]] pronouns.<ref name="instagram.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/kuma_power/ |title=Hikaru Utada's Instagram Profile |website=[[Instagram]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220416042058/https://www.instagram.com/kuma_power/ |archive-date=April 16, 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=June 17, 2022 |language=en }}</ref> This article uses she/her pronouns for consistency.}} ama. - abot nin panahon, pinirmahan an sarong kontrata sa rekording ki Toshi[[MI Music Japan|ba-EMI]]. irarom kan pangaran sa entablado na Cubic U, nagpaluwas siya nin album na Ingles-Ingles na Precious kan kaamayi nin 1998, alagad ini sarong komersyal na pagkalugi. sumunod na taon, grabe an inpluwensya ni R&B asin dance-pop, sarong Japanese-language debut First Love an pinaluwas asin nagin pinakaharaning kapangganahan. resibe kan kapangganahan nin nagsosolong "Automatic", "Time Will Tell", asin "[[:en:Movin'_On_Without_You|Movin' On Without You]]", an album nagbenta nin duwang milyon na kopya sa enot kaining semana sa Hapon, nakatoka kan mga chartes para sa anom na bakong-konscutive pirang semana asin nagpadagos makapabakal pa nin anom na milyon mas dakol sa bilog na ibang parte kan 1999. ''na Pagkamoot'' sa kahurihurihi nagin pinakamabenta[[han nin mga pinakamabentang album sa Hapon|ng album]] kan nasyon kasuarin pa man. 2021, pig-anunsyo ni Utada an saiyang pagiging bakong bente gender identidad, na nagin saro sa mga inot na pigura publiko sa Hapon tanganing magsadiring magmantinir sa paaging ini.
album na ''[[:en:Distance_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Distance]]'' Utada pinaluwas kan amay nin 2001 asin naggbungsod kan pinakadakula niyang single - "Idicted to You", "Wait & See (Risk) " asin "[[:en:Can_You_Keep_a_Secret?_(song)|Can You Keep a Secret?]]" - nagin milyon-seller. album mapanggana sa komersyal asin nabarian nin magkapirang plaka pakalihis tolong milyon na kopya an pinapabakal sa enot kaining semana nin pagkapu'say sa Hapon, tolos-tolos nagin pinakamarikas na album kan nasyon. 2002, nagbalik sya sa chart-toping single arog kan "Traveling", "Hi[[ikari (Hikru Utada kanta)|kari]]" asin "Sakura Drops", ''[[:en:Deep_River_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Deep River]]'', na minabale sa mga elemento nin pop folk, ipinaluwas nya asin nagin saro sa sikat na rekord kan Hapon sa gabos na panahon. na lubos na nagluluwas an mga usipon sa ngaran kan Ehipto, si ''[[Ulta Blue]]'' asin ''[[Puso]]'' Syudad - nagibo nin milyon-namantinir na syudad na iniidotipikar kan Rekord Industry Association of Japan. nin halawig na hirso, siya nagpaluwas kan mga akatikong-driven albums Fa''[[ntôme (album)|ntôme]]'' asin Ha''[[tsukoi (Hikaru Utada album)|tsukoi]]'', na nakaabot sa bilang saro sa mga chartes na Orikon. tangâ niya naman an mga tsart na igwang 2022'ng Bad Mode, saiyang enot na bilingal, Hapon/English album.
katapusan kan 2000, si Utada natantyang "pinakamaimpluensyang artista kan dekada" sa lantad nin musika kan Hapon kan The Japan Times. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-utada/japan-singer-utada-makes-3rd-bid-to-crack-u-s-market-idUSTRE52M1I320090323|title=Japan singer Utada makes 3rd bid to crack U.S. market|first=Frederick H.|last=Katayama|date=March 23, 2009|work=[[Reuters]]|language=en}}</ref> kapangganahan kan mga negosyanteng nagperekord nin sobra sa 50 milyones na rekord, siya an saro sa pinaka-halangkaw na artista sa rekording kan Hapon. sa saiyang mga solo nakaabot nang numero an saro sa Oricon Singles Chart, mantang sampulong album an nagin nang chart-topper. sa saiyang mga lubos na pagluwas iyo an kabali sa pinakahalangkaw na 10ngg-guhit na album kan nasyon lamang, kaiba na diyan an ''First Love'', Distance and Foke River, na kabilang sa sampulong pinakamabentang rekord kan historya nin musika sa Hapon. siya kan mga internasyonal na paradangog sa pagsurat asin pagprodusir nin apat na theme-song kontribusyon ki [[Square Enix]] asin man an accesstikong video game series Kingdom Hearts: "S[[:en:Hikari_(Hikaru_Utada_song)|Simple and Clean]]", "Sanctuary", "[[:en:Chikai_(Hikaru_Utada_song)|Don't Think Twice]]", asin "[[:en:Face_My_Fears|Face My Fears]]".
== '''Buhay asin karera''' ==
=== Amay kan buhay asin kapinonan ===
Hikaru Utadaa namundag sa Syudad [[Syudad nin Nueva York|nin Nueva York]] bilang solong aki ni Teruze Unada, sarong produser kan rekord na Hapon, asin an saiyang agom na si Junko, sarong parakantang sika na naggigibo sa irarom kan pangaran sa entablado na [[Keiko Fuji]].<ref name="WaPo2004">{{Cite news}}</ref> edad <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> 10, si Utada nagpoon na magsurat nin musika asin liriko.[1] issue need] Naggibo siya nin mga rekording ki Keiko, na nagluluwas nin mga kanta sa irarom kan bandang pinangaran na "U3" sagkod 1996, kan nagpuon siya nin solong proyekto bilang Cubic U.
enot na Cubic U single, "I' Will Be Stronger", pinaluwas bilang limitadong prensa sa Hapon kan 1996. sunod na taon, si Utada nagpoon nin saro pang proyekto, nagrentang "Close to You", sarong takop kan kanta ni [[:en:(They_Long_to_Be)_Close_to_You|the Carpenters' song]]. nia iyan sa saiyang debut album na Precious kan suminunod na taon. album sagkod solong dai naging chart sa Or[[icon]] sa Hapon.
=== 1998-2003: debut sa Hapon, Enot na Pagkamoot, Distansya, asin Hararom na Salog ===
Utada naglipat sa Tokyo kan tig-init nin 1998 asin nagklase sa Seiseen International School, dangan sa Amerikang eskwelahan sa Hapon, mantang padagos na nagrekord dapit sa sarong kontrata ki Toshi[[ba-EMI]]. na nag-asenso hali sa Japanese F[[brodkast sa FM|M radio]].<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> enotan sia nin bagong alon nin mga parakanta-kanta <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/15/japan.pop.wb/index.html|language=en}}</ref> Hapon, na nagsanga hale sa dating nangingibabaw na mga parasurat kan idolo. puon sa pagpaluwas kan saiyang debut album na Hapon Enot na Love, sa edad na 15, siya nagpaluwas nin duwang asensadong milyon-selling solong: "Automatic/Time Will Till" asin "Movin' On Withnout You". <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> automatiko/Time Will Tell" nagbenta nin sobra sa duwang milyon na kopya.[1]<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> tigsararo <ref name="oricon profile">{{Cite web}}</ref> ini, si First Love nagpabenta nin sobra sa 7 milyon na yunit sa Hapon sana (na may dagdag pang 3 milyones mas halangkaw pa, kaya uminabot iyan sa kantidad na kisuerra 10 milyones unit<ref name="million">{{Cite web}}</ref>), nagin iyo an pinakahalangkaw na benta album sa nakaagi pa sanang kasaysayan kan Japan. album nabungaw kan solong "Enot [[na Pagkamoot (Hikaru Utada kanta)|na Pagkamoot]]", na nagtaas sa bilang na 2 lugar. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kan taon, si Utada kompuesto nin ika - 5 sa istasyon nin radyo kan Hapon na Tokio Hot 100 Airplay's Top 100 Artists of the 20 Siglo asin mga nagdadangog diyan.
kan duwang taon na pagbanga, ni Utada an sunod-sunod na album Distance, na nagtagumpay na enot-semanang benta nin 3 milyon na yunit.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> kusog kan solo-solong — "[[:en:Addicted_to_You_(Hikaru_Utada_song)|Addicted to You]]", "[[:en:Wait_&_See_(Risk)|Wait & See (Risk)]]", "[[:en:For_You_(Hikaru_Utada_song)|For You]]", "[[:en:Time_Limit_(song)|Time Limit]]", asin "[[:en:Can_You_Keep_a_Secret?_(song)|Can You Keep a Secret?]]" - Nagin pinakamabentang album kan taon, na igwang 4.47 milyon na kopya an pinapabakal sa Hapon sana. pa, an "Adicted to You" nagin saiyang pinakamabentang solo, na nag'ooperar nin sarong milyon na kopya sa enot kaining semana, an pinakahalangkaw na pinakaenot na benta kan semana para sa babaeng solong artista, asin nagdanay sa ibabaw kan tsart sa laog nin duwang surunod na semana. <ref name="jmusiceuropa.com">{{Cite web}}</ref> & See: Risk" and "[[icon]] You Nagtatago ng Pampubliko?" Paghaloyhaloy, nairanggo man sya sa bilang na 6 asin numero 10 sosog sa lista nin 10 Best-Selling Singles poon Enero 1, 1999, sagkod Abril 24, 2006. mas marahay na reperensiang kaipuhan] Si Utada nagpadagos man sa pagpaluwas nin sarong solong, tituladong "Final Distance", na pinagdepikar sa biktimang babae nin murder sa I[[keda, Osaka]].2001, si Utada nagtala kan kanta na "Blow My Whistle" para sa pelikulang aksyon-na gibo na Ru''[[sh Hour 2]]''. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> ini kan American rapper Fox [[Brown (parapain)|Brown]], asin pigsurat ni Utada kay P[[harrell Williams]] asin Chad [[Hugo]].<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> kanta sa Rush Hour 2 linetrack ni De[[f Jam Records|f Jam]], na iyong pinakahalangkaw kan ika-11 lugar sa Billboard [[200]] sagkod numero 1 sa Top Soundraks.[1]<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> an kadaklan kan saiyang ginibo naprodusir, si Blow My Whistle ipinublikar kan mga Neoptunes.
Utada nagklase sa Columbia [[University]] sa New York City puon kan 2001.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> -atender siya nin mayo pang sarong taon.
resulta sa ikatolong album, ''[[:en:Deep_River_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Deep River]]'' si Utada nagpaluwas nin "Traveling", "Hi[[ikari (Hikru Utada kanta)|kari]]", asin "Sakura Drops/Letters"; an gabos na kanta naabot sa tongod kan mga tsart. magluwas an album, siya inoperaran pakatapos madukayan na may [[:en:Benignity|benign]] [[:en:Ovarian_cancer|ovarian tumor]].<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> bawi, nagpaluwas sia ''na Hararom'' na Salog asin tolos - tolos siang nagpasyar sa mga patiribayan.
''Deep River'' nagbenta nin 2.35 milyon na kopya sa enot kaining semana. ricon nagbareta na an pagpabakal sa kahurihurihi nalampasan sa 3.6 milyones, na ginibo si Utada sanang parakanta o grupo sa historya nin musikang Hapon tanganing magkaigwa nin tolong surunod na album nakalampas sa tolo-milyon na marka, kan mga pamantayan ni [[manehar sa Nasa Pangangabi kan Hapon|CIAJ]]. niyang surunod na album maabot sa bilang 1 sa Taonan na tsart kan Oricon<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> asin nagin ikawalong pinakamabentang album nin bilog na panahon sa Hapon.
2003, an mga pag-ilada ni Utada asin personal na iskedyul nin buhay nagin mas aktibo huli sa saiyang kasal asin sarong kasunduan sa Island Records sa Estados Unidos para mapaluwas an "proper" na pano-Englisic album. "Colors" siya solong nakaluwas sa 2003.
=== 2004-2005: Pasiring sa internasyonal na saodan, asin Exodo ===
<gallery>
Ladawan:Utada Hikaru 2004.jpg|Hikaru Utadaa kan 2004
</gallery>pinakainot na solong album ni Utada na si Amada Hikaru [[:en:Compilation_album|compilation album]] ''[[:en:Utada_Hikaru_Single_Collection_Vol._1|Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. 1]][[tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol.|.]]''an pinaluwas kan Marso 3''[[tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol.|1]]'', 2004. ining pinakamabentang album kan 2004 sa Hapon, na ginibo siyang solong solo o grupo artista na maabot an bilang 1 apat na beses sa mga taonan na tsart. an pinakainot na album nin komportal para maabot an bilang 1 sa anom na taon sa taonan na mga tsart, asin inot na kumbiyung album tanganing makaabot sa numero 1 kan duwang polo may siribong taon ni sarong babaying artista.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> ibong kan kapangganahan kaini, an album mayong pinag'akong patiribayan asin dai bagong materyal; mas dakul pa man ini nagtongod sa tsart na Oricos kisa arin pa man na ibang Utada na nagluluwas sagkod petsa (sobrang duwang taon). benta an album nin 2.58 milyon na yunit sa Hapon, kaya nagin ining ika-34 pinakamabentang album lamang sa nasyon.<ref name="million2">{{Cite web}}</ref> akalihis nin sarong bulan, kan Abril 21, nagpaluwas siya nin lone Japanese na solo para sa 2004, "Da[[reka no Negai ga Kanau Koro]]", na nakasikwit kan nagsosolos na tsart sa laog nin duwang surunod na semana asin nagbenta nin 365,000 yunit pag-abot kan katapusan kan taon. man an mayor na theme song para sa Cas''[[shern (film)|shern]]'', na pinanginotan kan saiyang agom kan panahon na idto, si Kaz[[aki Kiriya]].
katangaan kan-2004, si Utada nagbalik sa Nueva York, asin nagpoon na magtrabaho sa sarong kontrata nin rekording sa [[:en:Island_Records|Island Def Jam Music Group]]. Oktubre 5, 2004, nagpaluwas siya nin album na North American debut sa Ingles, Exodo, sa irarom kan bagong ianunsiar na pangaran sa entablado na "Utada".<ref name="MJP2">{{Cite web}}</ref> luwas iyan kan Setyembre 9 sa Hapon, na may espesyal na pulyeto asin nagharong - harong sa sarong woodboard scase. sarong interbyu kan <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>[[TV]], siya nagpahayag nin pagduda manungod sa kapangganahan na ini sa Amerika: "Dai ko daw pighuhuna an musikang pig'aaratoman ko. Malinaw nanggad na iba-iba ako asin mayo talaga akong ibang paghilingon kundi gusto niya talagang maging popular na mga parakanta sa U.S.].[1] Sinabi nya pa sa album bako man ngayang saro na nagkipagmakal sa mga imahe, pero boot niyang gibuhon giraray iyan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2006/06/23/music/cd-reviews/utada-hikaru-ultra-blue|title=Utada Hikaru "Ultra Blue"|language=en}}</ref> Exodo nagin ika-apat niyang sunodsunod na pagluwas sa bilang 1 asin nagpamansag nin 500,000 na kopya sa enot-na'semanang benta kaini sa Hapon. benta nin mga Amerikano bako man <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> gayong mapanggana: iyan nakaabot sa bilang na 160 sa [[200|UST Billboard 200 chart]];<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> asin uminabot an pinakahalangkaw na kabilangan na 5 sa tsart kan Heatseekers.[1] "[[Easy Breezy]]" pinaluwas bilang nangenot na solo kan enot na Agosto 2004, nasundan nin "Devil Inside" anom na semanang makalihis. Utada nagluwas <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> cover kan isyu kan Interview na Hunyo 2005.
Exodus [['04]]" pinaluwas sa katapusan kan Hunyo 2005 asin itinampok an mga remix gikan sa Scumfhog, [[Richard Bisyon]], JJ Flores asin Peter Bailey. UK, idinugang ni Mercury an saro pang remix para sa "Ika Magibo Akong Lalaki" sa orihinal na album, tituladong "Pagkawili Ko Man Sana (Bloodshy & Avant Mix) " asin "Mahaman Mo Ako Tanganing Magin Tawo (Junior Jack Mix). " katapusan kan taon, si Utada nabotohan "Numumber 1 Favorite Artist of 2004" kan taonan na poll nin mga parabasa sa Or[[icon]].
ikaapat na solo hale sa Exodo, "Ika Matina Ako nin Agom Na Lalaki", pinaluwas kan Oktubre 2005 sa UK. "Devil Inside" nagin sarong kwarto na nasa syudad kan U.S. asin naghubò sa Billboard [[gta sa Pag - asikaso kan mga Piya|Hot Dance/Club Airplay]] charts.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> album na Exodo sagkod an "Yo Matina Akong Mahal" pareho pinaluwas sa UK, may iba-ibang obra hale sa US asin mga bersyon kan Hapon.
=== 2005-2008: Pagbalik sa Hapon, ''Ulta Blue'', asin Estasyon nin ''Puso'' ===
taon pagkatapos na paluwason an Exodo, si Utada nagbalik sa Tokyo asin buminalik sa eksena nin musika kan Hapon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.daily.co.jp/gossip/2007/04/19/0000307763.shtml|language=ja|newspaper=[[Daily Sports (Japanese newspaper)]]|date=April 19, 2007|title=Archive copy|accessdate=November 5, 2023|archivedate=April 22, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422053224/http://www.daily.co.jp/gossip/2007/04/19/0000307763.shtml}}</ref> sa pagpaluwas kan ikaapat na album, 2005-2008: Pagbalik sa Hapon, ''Ulta Blue'', asin Estasyon nin ''Puso'', nagpaluwas siya nin halos mapangganang single: "Colors" (number 1), "Darareka no Negai ng Kanau Koro" (numbrer 1), "Be My Last" (number 1), "Pasyon" (number 4,), asin "[[:en:Keep_Tryin'_(Hikaru_Utada_song)|Keep Tryin]]'" (number 2). digital <ref name="itmedia">{{Cite news|url=http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0612/20/news069.html|title=iTunes annual ranking, tops Utada and Mozart|language=ja|newspaper=[[:ja:ITmedia]]|date=December 20, 2006}}</ref> solong "This Is Love" ipinaluwas tanganing maipalakop an album, nakaguhit nin 1,000,000 na mga estadnada.<gallery>
Ladawan:Utada United 2006.jpg|Utada naggigibo sa panahon kan saiyang United 2006 na tour
</gallery>''[[Ulta Blue]]'' nagbenta nin 500,317 na kopya kan enot na semana, hababa pa sa sa nakaaging album, maski ngani naka-ontra man ini an Oricon Daily, Weekly, asin Monthy charts. ''Ulta Blue'' iyo an ikalimang surunod na album nin Hapon sa Arin man na pahina (na nag - iisscribed the English-language ''[[:en:Exodus_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Exodus]]'')) para ipabakal sa labing 500,000 na kopya kan inot na semana.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name="emi2007">{{Cite report}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hypebot.typepad.com/hypebot/2006/07/chairman_nicoli.html|work=Hypebot|date=July 13, 2006|language=en|title=Archive copy|accessdate=November 5, 2023|archivedate=February 14, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214053136/http://hypebot.typepad.com/hypebot/2006/07/chairman_nicoli.html}}</ref>, ipinublikar ni To[[shiba EMI]] an sarong report na nagsasabi na si ''[[Ulta Blue]]'' nagbenta nin labing sarong milyon na kopya sa bilog na kinaban asin apat na milyon na digital na rawitdawit ini, kaya nagin saro iyan sa 10 pinakamarahay na album kan nakaaging taon. album, na mayo nin dakol na pop music, namidbid sa saralak na reponsid, maski ngani an album sinapawan ni RIAJ.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> mas marahay na gikanan] pa ngane, ini an pinakahalangkaw na inhinyeryong orihinal na studio album kan sarong babaeng artista sa Hapon kan 2006.
''[[Ulta Blue]]'' kan huri nakua sa iTunes Japan online music stord, na nagkurit nin numero 4 sa taong 2006 hasta mag-abot an bilang nya.<ref name="itmedia2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0612/20/news069.html|title=iTunes annual ranking, tops Utada and Mozart|language=ja|newspaper=[[:ja:ITmedia]]|date=December 20, 2006}}</ref> ng semana pagluwas ni U''lta Blue,'' siya nagpadagos sa sarong bilog na nasyon na tour soboot tituladong Litada United 2006, poon Hunyo 30 sagkod Septyembre 12. an ikaduwang konsyerto niya pakatapos kan Pag-abot nin Bohemiang Tig-init 2000.
mga solo-solong nailuwas bago an ikalimang studio album ni Utada, ''[[Puso]]'' City, nakasali sa Top Five position sa tsart, kabali an bilang 1 tinogtoan na "Flavor of Life", na iyo an magigin pinakamabentang digital single sa Hapon na igwang lampas 7,500,000 kopyas an nagpalis.<ref name="UtadaFOL">{{Cite web}}</ref> enterong panahon, binisita niya an New York para makipag-ulay sa mga prodyuser asin ehekutibo sa Island/Def Jam manungod sa pagrekord nin ikaduwang album na Ingles.<ref name="bonjour">{{Cite web}}</ref> huri kan taon sarong digital <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> dalan ni American R[[&B]] artist Ne[[-Yo]], tituladong "Do" hale sa saiyang 2007 album Huli saimo, itinampok si Utada asin pinaluwas sa Hapon kan Nobyembre 21 (an kanta kan huri itampok sa "pinakaenot" na album ni NyYo, Ne-YA: The Collection, ilinuwas kan Septyembre 2, 2009, sa Hapon asin Nobyembre 2009.
Hunyo 30, 2007, an British EMI Group, na nakakaptan nin 55% poste sa Toshiba EMITa poon pa kan bago mag debut si Utada sa Hapon, binakal an tadang 45% harigi gikan sa Hokbong Hadeng Japanese Toshiba, kun siring naggigibo ki Topiba EMO I nin biyong may sadiri na subsidiya kan lalake sa London-bas. rinibayan ni Toshiba EMI an pangaran kaini sa EMIT Music Japan tanganing maipahiling an diyapyusyon ni Toshiba gikan sa negosyo.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> enot na solo' ni Utada sa irarom kan lalake, "Bueutable World"/ ""Kis[[s & Cry (song)|s & Cry]]" pinaluwas bilang duwang A-side unong kan Agosto 29, 2007, asin nakaabot man sa numero 1 sa Oricon Daily Chart. <ref name="RIAJ-jun2007digi">{{Cite web}}</ref> ''na Kinaban'' ginamit bilang theme song para sa Ebanghelion 1.0: Ika Are (No) Alone, 2007 film rebot kan animation, Ne''[[on Genesis Evangelista (franchise)|on Genesis Evangelista]]'', mantang si Ki''s & Cry'' piggagamit sa sarong serye nin komersiyal para sa kampanya kan Nisin Foodment comnation puon Abril 20, 2007, asin dati iniluwas bilang digital sounded kadtong Mayo 31, 2007.
tapos an taon 2007 sa solong "Flavor of Life" na nagin pinakamahusay na paratinda nin 2007, asin kaiba si Utada nagboroto naman kan "Numember 1 Favorite Artist of 2007" kan taonan na poll nin mga parabasang Or[[icon]], matapos magduwang mayo sa sikat na lugar.<ref name="oricon fav artist">{{Cite web}}</ref> benta siya nin 12 milyon na digital na rawitdawit asin kanta kan 2007, gamit an "Flavor of Life" ighting for 7.5 milyones, ang ikaduwang-hahaw sa arinman na awit sa bilog na kinaban kan taon.<ref name="UtadaFOL2">{{Cite web}}</ref> solo iyo an pigtampok bilang mayor na kanta sa ikaduwang panahon kan dramang TV na ''[[:en:Hana_yori_Dango_Returns|Hana yori Dango Returns]]''.
ikalimang studio album ni Utada, an Estasyon nin ''[[Puso]]'', ipinaluwas kan Marso 19, 2008, na nagin saiyang ika-limang surunod na numero hasta sa life studio album kan Hapon.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> na siya an nagkolekta kan pinakahababang enot na semanang benta para sa saiyang karera, na igwang 480,081 kopya an nakapabakal, uminabot sa sarong milyon an pagpabakal kan album na ini sa mga tsart na Oricon kan Enero 2009, kaya naging inot niyang album na Hapon na gibuhon iyan puon 2004 komposisyon album.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> inawan ini nin kwartang sarong milyon para sa mga bapor kan [[:en:Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan|RIAJ]] <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> nin ''Puso'' an nagin pinakamabentang digital-formaat na album sa iTunes 2008 taong mga tsart na album sa Hapon,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000045376|language=ja}}</ref> asin ini man iyo an pinakahalangkaw na orihinal na studio album kan sarong solong babaying artista sa Oricon Yearly Chart.
kantang "Prisoner of Love" iyo an ginamit na theme-song para sa dramang telebisyon na Last Friends. ngani dai man enot na pigpaluwas bilang solong "Prisoner of Love" an sarong solo, uminabot ini sa numero 1 sa iTunes asin sa mga tsart na Chako-Uta matapos ining mailuwas bilang saro para sa drama. abot ini sa bilang 2 sa mga tsart na Oricon Weekly. tandaan kaini an ikaapat na dramang pansagang para sa Utada, sumun''[[o (2001 serye sa TV)|o]]'' kan Ma''[[jo no Jōken]]'' and First Love, 2001's Hero asin Can You Nagpadanay nin Dekreto asin 2007's Hana ''[[Yori Dango]]'' asin Flavor of Life.
Oktubre 20, 2008, an kantang "Eternly" gikan sa 2001 album na Distance ''[[disente (Hikaru Utada album)|uri]]'' Uta's 2001 ginamit bilang tema para sa dramang Innocent Love.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000044269|language=ja}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rbbtoday.com/news/20081104/55469.html|language=ja}}</ref>, ilinuwas an kanta bilang sarong digital na solo
katapusan kan taon, si Utada man nabotohan sa "Numember 1 Favorite Artist of 2008" paagi sa taonan na surbey nin mga parabasa ni Or[[icon]] para sa ikaduwang sunod - sunod na taon, asin ikatolong beses sa kabilogan.
=== 2009-2010: Pagbalik sa US, asin ''Ini an Saro'' na ===
<gallery>
Ladawan:Hikaru Utada in New York 20090325.jpg|Utada kan 2009
</gallery>Disyembre <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref>, 2008, an impormasyon nalunsad sa internet na si Utada's sunod na Ingles-language single, tituladong "Magbalik Pasiring sa Sako", ipigpapaluwas para sa airplay paagi kan E.U. Rhythmic/Crossover asin Maintream formates kan Pebrero 9 asin 10, 2009 sosog sa Wrance Island Records.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> ikaduwang album sa Ingles, tituladong Ini ''[[Ini an Saro]]'' na Sarong, pinaluwas kan Marso 14, 2009 sa Hapon asin kan Mayo 12, 2009. an Saro na ipinagbungsod sa bilang 1 sa Hapon kan Marso 13, 2009, an aldaw na iyan ilinuwas sa Japan,<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> alagad nagin enot niyang album dai maabotan nin semanal na tsart poon pa kan Precious. Marso 30, 2009, si Utada nagluwas sa istasyon nin radyo kan Syudad nin New York na Z[[HTZ|-100]], an pinakadakulang pop radio program sa E.U., asin nagtao nin pagbuhay-liwat sa sukol kan eskwelahan sa Elvis Duran Morning Show, sarong paglusob na maresulta sa sistema internasyunal na pagluwas kan album sa Mayo 12. man an nagkanta kan theme song para sa ikaduwang pelikulang Evangelista,''[[on Genesis Evangelista (franchise)|- ebanghelyo]]'': 2.0 Ka Can (Dai) Pag-uswag. solo pinaluwas kan Hunyo 27, 2009, asin ini sarong remix nin nakaaging solong panahon, an "Magayon [[na Kinaban (Hikaru Utada kanta)|na Kinaban]]". <ref name="Theme">{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-05-15/hikaru-utada-to-sing-theme-of-evangelion/2.0-film|language=en}}</ref> tituladong "Buaway na Kinaban -PLANiTb Akutica Mix-"
Nobyembre 30, 2009, sa Studio Coast, Tokyo, si Utada nagkanta nin sarong dula na Takod Na Mait Sa huli ta pop parakantang si M[[ika (singer)|ika]].
Disyembre 21, 2009, an Dirty Desire remixes ni Utada pinaluwas sana sa Amazon[[(kakony)|.com]], Zu[[ne|ne Market]], asin an E.U. i[[Tunes Store]], bilang suporta digdi ''[[Ini an Saro]]'' asin nagdadangadang na touro.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> tour, Utada: Sa Flesh 2010,<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> an saiyang inot na konsyerto sa luwas kan Hapon asin kabali an walong siyudad sa US asin duwang petsa sa London, UK. mga tiket sa ikaduwang pasale sa London nagpadagos sa pagpabakal publiko kan Nobyembre 13, asin soboot napabakal nin limang oras sana.
=== 2010-2015: Ikaduwang pagbalik sa Hapon, Singles Collection Vol. ''ngle Collection Vol. 2'' Life, asin hiatus ===
sarong personal na blog post kan Agosto 9, 2010, pig-anunsyo ni Utada an halabang hitus, sinurat niyang "Dai ko aram kun magigin 2 taon o 5 taon."Pakalihis makonsentrar sa musika poon edad 15 sagkod 27, ipinahayag niya an pangangaipo na magkaigwa nin mas mahiwas na mga agi-agi, asin tumalubo bilang tawo.
siring, nagsurat man sia na bago pumoon an hitus, may bagong musika na bubutasan. nahaloy pakatapos kan pwesto, sarong kompilasyon album an iinanunsiar: si Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. U''[[tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol.]]''na may petsa nin pagpaluwas kan Nobyembre ''[[tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol.|2]]'', 2010. sa album na ini an gabos na mga solo ni Utada, [[- labi Katibay na drama|P]] "Dareka no Negai Kanau Koro" sagkod "Prisoner of Love", at disc saro, pati ang ekstrang EP nagtatampok nin limang bagong dalan.<ref name="emimusic1">{{Cite web}}</ref> ipinaisi an sarong DVD na igwa kan video pan - patiribayan para sa Ka''ogma'' nin Goodbye kaiba sa gabos na kaenot-enotang edisyon.
Setyembre 27, 2010, [[si]] Utada naghayag nin solo, may titulong "Hy[[mne à l'amour|mne à l'amour (Ai no Anthem)]] ", na nagin komersyal na takod-sagkay para sa Pepsi NEX. tinatampok kan awit an lirikong Hapon sagkod Pranses, na isinurat asin trinadusir mismo ni Utada. gibo siya nin serye sa konsyerto na tituladong Wild Life at Yokohama [[Arena]] tangani na maipalakop an album, an saiyang inot na konbokasyon kan Hapon puon 2006 hanggang 1982.
Oktubre 3, 2010, an opisyal na websayt kan Utada na EMI naipalis sa listahan nin mga album asin pinal na agihan para ki Litada Hikaru Sing Colleksyon Vol. ''tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol. 2''.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> {{Lang|ja-Latn|Kuma}} mga edisyon kan inot na pang-presyon an tulong beses na pagsuli nin papel, kaiba an sarong anting - galang na palikero, asin kadakol nin maitang kaputol para magkaigwa nin pagkakataon tanganing manggana nin saro sa 1000 tiket pasiring sa Wild Life.
kabtang kan Oktubre, ihinayag ini online sa Tower Records Japan<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> asin nagkapira pang websityo na sarong Ingles-InglesTheest-of album" tituladong Utada the Best" makukua sa Hapon kan parehong aldaw ni Utada Hikaru Singles Collection Vol. 2, Nobyembre 24.Unda nagsimbag sa bareta, na sinasabi: "Nasasabotan ko na kun dai ini ipapabakal, ako an masangle, alagad magin onesto, habo kong maglaag nin kuwarta para sa sarong bagay na mayo sa puso ko.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> asin "An pagluwas kan Utada na Pinakamakusog laban sa sakuyang testamento. kong dai na iyan bakalon kan sakong mga imahe. nang bagong materyal diyan. "
ipinaisi ni Utada an sarong daing agom na "Goodbye G[[ogma]]",<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kaiba an PV sa publiko kan Nobyembre 9, 2010. m<ref>{{Cite tweet}}</ref> an kanta bilang Recochoku Chaku-Uta TV commmerment soep. luwas man siya sa sarong track na may titulong "London City" kaiba an Bicol rapper De[[vlin (rapper)|vlin]] sa saiyang inot na studio album, Bud, Sweat asin Beers, na inipaluwas man kan Nobyembre 1.
Nobyembre 8, 2010, iinanunsiar kan EMI Japan sa Web site kaiyan na ginibo kan kompanya an lakop sa globong pagrekord ki Utada, na sinasabi man na gabos na gigibohon nia sa ngapit ano man an lenguahe ipapaluwas sa ngaran: Hikaru Umada.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> nagtanda kan pagretiro sa saiyang ngaran na Solnopan, si Utada.
-enot na semanang bentahe para sa Utada Hikaru Singles Collection Vol. U''tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol.'' An mga yunit ''2'',000 segun sa Oricon.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> pagluwas nagtanda sa ikapitong surunod na bilang kan 1 album (5 orihinal asin duwang pinakamabenta) poon kan ini debut, nalampasan an dating rekord ni Kin[[KI Kids]] nin anom.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Abril <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>, 2011, siya nanggana kan premyo para sa "Best Conceptual Video" sa Es[[ace Shower Music Video Awards]] for the elemential video for "Goodbye Kaogma", na saro man saiyang direktoryal debut.
duwang-concert Wild Life tour nangyari kan Disyembre 8 asin 9, 2010 sa Yokohama [[Arena]]. bantolin an enot na konsyerto kan 64 mga sinehan sa Hapon mantang dungan ining ibinungsod sa U[[am]], sarong nabubuhay na video charing website. duwang agihan na tinindog para sa konsyerto kan Uam, nasa 925,000 na beses, na may 345,000 na daing kaagid na paradalan, na sarong pangkinaban na rekord dapit sa Utre.tv para sa pinakahalangkaw na bilang nin durungan na mga cheinteaneng video, na an dating pinakahalangkaw 100,000 sana.
istasyon nin TV kan Hapon na NHK nagpatindog nin dokumentaryo manongod sa Utada kan Enero 15, 2011, may titulong {{nihongo|Utada Hikaru: Ima no Watashi|宇多田ヒカル ~今のわたし~||"What I Am"}}), sarong permentasyong pang-entabladong studio performance ("Kaagawa Ko Love (Not a Dream) "Mga Ka[[ogma]]") saka pirang sitio gikan sa mga pasale nin Buhay Wild. tampok man ini nin post-Wild Life adbiction sa J[[-Wave]] host na si Chris Peppler, kun sain siya nagpahayag nin pagmawot na magbiyahe asin magboluntaryo.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> niya na ipadagos an pagsurat nin musika sa panahon kan hitus.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> dokumentaryo ibinungsod man <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> internasyonal, sa Europa kan Pebrero 2, 2011, asin sa US kan Pebrero 12, 2011, sa channel nin NHK (TV Japan in America, asin JSTV sa Europa).
D[[VD]] asin Blu[[-ray]] na pagluwas kan Wild Life an kumpirmado asin inot na ibinugtak para paluwason kan Abril 6, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> , kan Marso 24, 2011, si Utada nagta'wot na pareho an DVD/Blu-ray kan Wild Life tour nakalungkas na, huli sa linog asin resultang tsunami sa Hapon na rinaot an mga pabrika nin prensa. DVD pinaluwas kan Abril <ref>{{Cite tweet|title="WILD LIFE" concert DVD/Blu-ray release has been postponed to 4/20 (DVD) and 5/18(BR) due to earthquake damage to the pressing factories.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208041116/https://twitter.com/utadahikaru/status/50846564108873728|archive-date=February 8, 2016|access-date=June 17, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>, 2011, kaiba an mga Blu-ray na minasunod.
Disyembre 7, 2011, pinakarhay ni Re[[cochoku]] an saindang taon-taon na pagbuo asin mga premyong tsart, kaiba an saiyang Utada Hikaru Singles Collection Vol. ''tada Hikaru Singan Colleksyon Vol.'' na nakalista bilang ika-duwang pinakaduang album kan 20''11.''
Nobyembre 16, 2012, an salaysay ni Utada na YouTube isina'ngat an sarong video may titulong " 桜流し " ("Sa[[kura Nagashi]]", na boot sabihon "Pagbubulos kan Cherry Blossoms"). nagsosolo-solong nasurat ni Paul Carter, asin digdí pinaluwas kan Nobyembre 17, 2012. akalihis nin sarong bulan, ilinuwas an saro sanang DVD. Sakura Nagashi" an theme song gikan sa pelikulang buhay-buhay na Ebanghelion: 3.0 Ka Can (Dai) Redo.
Septyembre 2012, an grupong British [[:en:EMI|EMI]] pigbarabas asin pinapabakal sa manlaenlaen na kompanya. Abril 1, 2013, an kompanya nin rekord ni Utada, an E[[MI Music Japan]], nailaog sa Universal Musika Hapon, nagin digde bilang sarong kompaniya asin pigngaran kan SMI Records Japanese.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> siring, an gabos na pagluwas niya bago siya magtulas sa Sony Music Entertainment Hapon paagi kan Universal Musika Japan.
Disyembre 9, 2013, sa pagselebrar kan ika-16 na anibersaryo nin Inot ''[[na Pagkamoot (Hikaru Utada album)|''na Pagkamoot'']]'', ilinuwas ni EMI Records an Utada: Sa Palakaw kan Flesh 2010 sa mga isTunes asin ipinaisi an pagkabutas liwat kan Enot na pagkamoot, kaiba an sarong espesyal na limitadong edisyon na igwa kan orihinal na album nag - adal giraray, mga instrumento hale sa orihinal na direksion, dai pa nakadalan na mga dalan asin nabuhay gamit an enot na pagbuhay ni Utada, si Luv Live.
Disyembre 8, 2014, an Universal Music Japan nagpaluwas nin sarong truction album na may titulong ''[[tada Hikaru no Uta|Utada Hikaru no Uta]]''. album nagtatampok n[[(singer)|I]] mga bersyon sa takop kan likod na kataga ni Utada kan iba-ibang popular na artista arog kan AI, Ayumi Hawasaki, Pe[[abo Bryonon]], [[Rango Shiina]], asin labi pa.
Disyembre 26, 2014, an Universal Music Japan naghayag paagi kan media outlet Weekly Bunshun na igwa sana nin sarong album na naghali bago matapos an kontrata sa mga label, asin nag-eentra ini sa industriya nin musika.
=== 2015-2016: Pamayuhan asin Fa''ntôme'' ===
Hulyo 3, 2015, ihinayag ni Utada an pagkamundag nin sarong aking lalaki sa saiyang blog, asin sinambit nia an trabaho sa album na pangenot na isinurat durante kan pagbados. hagad siya nin pasensiya <ref>{{Cite news|title=J-pop star Utada gives birth to baby boy, hints at return to music|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/07/03/entertainment-news/j-pop-star-utada-gives-birth-baby-boy-hints-return-music/|newspaper=[[The Japan Times]]|date=July 3, 2015|language=en}}</ref> masagkod sa pagluwas kan pagbabago pasiring sa pagigin magurang.
Enero 2016, nabareta na si Utada mapaluwas nin rawitdawit sa spring. Hanatub o Kimi ni" ("Buquet for You") an tema para sa pasaleng telebisyon na Toto Neechan (, na nag-eserestar kan Abril 4, 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Utada Hikaru Officially Confirmed for New Drama Theme|url=http://aramajapan.com/news/utada-hikaru-officially-confirmed-for-new-drama-theme/54084/|work=Arama{{!}} Japan}}</ref> Pebrero 2016, pig-ere an "Maratsu no Tōriame" kan Abril 4, 2016., na iyo an tema sa sarong panhuring padalan nin bareta kan istasyon nin TV, an News ''Zero''. aldaw man sanang idto, ipinaisi kan website ni Utada an pagluwas kan opisyal na kanta, bilang digital single, kan Abril 15.
websityo kan Utada napakaray man an paganunsyo nin sarong proyekto tituladong "New-Turn", na kun saen pinarigon pa ngane mabakal an saiyang musika asin gamiton an ha[[eshtag|shtag]] "#おかえり HIKI" ("Welcome Back Hikki") sa Twitter. katuyohan iyo na magamit an mga idtong musika na binakal sa pagtanom nin mas dakul na cerry na kahoy sa tsunami-damag na lugar kan Hapon matapos an linog kan 2011 Tōhoku. m<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hikaru Utada Launches 'New-Turn Project' to Mark Her Return to Music|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-03-09/hikaru-utada-launches-new-turn-project-to-mark-her-return-to-music/.99583|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> kan website an saiyang pagbabalik sa mga aktibidad na artistiko.
Agosto 8, 2016, ipinaluwas an titulo kan album, listahan nin mga agihan asin takop. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>-anunsyo an titulong album bilang Fa''[[ntôme (album)|ntôme]]'' (French: 'ghost'), na igwang walong bagong rawit, siring man kan nakaaging tolong solo, para sa sarong track list na may total na onseng agihan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 8, 2016|url=http://popcrush.com/utada-hikaru-reveals-title-cover-track-listing-for-upcoming-album-fantome/|work=Pop Crush|language=en}}</ref> luwas kaini kan Septyembre 28, si Fa''ntôme'' komersyal asin delikadong marhay na mapanggana. -debut ini sa pagtaas kan Or[[icon Albums Chart]] asin nagpirme duman nin apat na surunod na semana, an pinaka'enot sa arinman na Utada studio album poon pa kan Enot ''[[na Pagkamoot (Hikaru Utada album)|na Pagkamoot]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://aramajapan.com/news/chart/sexy-zone-and-utada-hikaru-top-the-oricon-charts-for-the-week-of-1017-1023/66217/|work=Arama{{!}} Japan|date=October 28, 2016|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="unrecorded">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="muumuse">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="JpopAsia review">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref name="ARAMA">{{Cite news|url=http://aramajapan.com/news/winners-and-nominees-for-the-58th-japan-record-awards-announced/67081/|work=ARAMA{{!}} Japan|date=November 17, 2016|language=en}}</ref>-onrahan ini nin Album kan Taon sa Japan [[Records]] Awards asin nakaresibe iyan nin positibong mga pagremina hali sa media outlets.[1][2] <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref><ref name="japan yearly albums chart">{{Cite web}}</ref> kan taon, ini tigkabilang sa ikatolong pinakamasulong na pisikal na rekord kan taon ni Oricon, siring man an pinakamabentang digital na album, segun ki Billboard [[Japan]].
=== 2017-2019: Ibinalyo si Label sa Sony Music, Ha''tsukoi'' asin tour ===
2018, si Utada nagpaluwas nin ikapitong album sa Hapon, an inot na nasa irarom kan Epiko, asin nagpuon siya maglipat sa sarong house toure, ini ang saiyang primero puon 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|language=ja|url=https://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000149734}}</ref> man an nag'akò kan parakanta-kanta na si Nariaki Obukuro na mayor na debut album, Bunrika no Nakatsu, sakop ni Epic. inot <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> solong nagluwas sa album, "Lonely One", igwa nin kredito si Utada bilang sarong tampok na artista asin iniluwas kan Enero 17, 2018, paagi sa pag-arte.
Pebrero 10, 2018, pinag-anunsyo na si Utada matao kan theme song para sa video game Kingdom Hearts III, inapod na "Chi[[kai (Hikaru Utada kanta)|kai]]" ("Oath"), kaiba an bersyon Ingles, pig'aapod na "Dai Nag - iisip Twice", nin mga internasyonal na paradangog. na si "Chikai" kaiba sa saiyang ikapitong album kan Hapon, itinalaga tanganing makaluwas kan 2018.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref>-anunsyo an ikatolong studio konsyerto sa Obukuro na pinaluwas sa tribu ni She[[ena Ringo]], si ''[[:en:Adam_to_Eve_no_Ringo|Adam to Eve no Ringo]]'', sarong takop kan kanta ni Ranggo "Maruniichi Sadistiko", na pareho ninda sakop nin sarong taon mas amay sa show radyo ni Oukuro.[<gallery>
Ladawan:Utada Hikaru 2018.png|Utada naggigibo sa panahon kan saiyang Paghuhuna sa Kadikloman na Tour kan 2018
</gallery>Abril 17, 2018, sarong bagong solong ni Utada, an "Hatsukoi", pigbuo sa dramang ''Hana Nochi Hare ~Hanadan Next Season~'' bilang sarong imahen. an ikaduwang kanta na saiyang ipinalis sa seryeng Hana ''[[Yori Dango]]'' drama, matapos "Flavor of Life" kan 2007. luwas an solo kan Mayo 30.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> sunod na aldaw, sarong beses an ipinaisi para sa pagluwas kan Abril 25 na inapod "Play a Love Song", an theme song for Sun[[tory]] Water SWITCH&SPARKLE.
Hunyo 27, pigbungsod an ikapitong album ni Utada na Hapon na Ha''[[tsukoi (Hikaru Utada album)|tsukoi]]''. dian an gabos na naenot sa anom na solong aki, para sa total na 12 awit. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> sarong concert digate, na inapod Hikaru Utada Lawinger sa Dark Tour 2018 poon Nobyembre 6 sagkod Disyembre 9 (na iyo an ika-20ng aldaw kan saiyang pagkabente), para sa total na 12 petsa sa 6 na iba-ibang huntas.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> nag - debut sa bilang na 1 sa Or[[icon]] pisikal asin digital na semanal na tsart, na may total na benta na pinagsararo nin labing 242,000.[
Septyembre 28, nabareta na si Utada mapaluwas nin sasarong tituladong "[[:en:Face_My_Fears|Face My Fears]]" bilang iyo an theme song para sa ''[[:en:Kingdom_Hearts_III|Kingdom Hearts III]]''. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> kaapil siya kan kanta sa mga Amerikanong musikero [[Poo Bear|Na]] si S[[krillex]] asin Poo Bear.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Face My hodes" pinaluwas bilang CD kan Enero 18, 2019, mala ta enot niya ining pagluwas sa format kan onseng taon poon 2008 hanggan siya sanang "Prisoner of Love". man syang ipinaluwas <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> orihinal na mga kanta sa Ingles puon kan ''[[Ini an Saro]]'' na iyo ini kan 2009. kanta nagin pinakainot niyang <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> Billboard [[Hot 100]] sa bilang na 98, asin uminabot iyan sa pinakahalangkaw na numero 9 sa Hort Dance/Elecronic Songs chart.
Hunyo <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref>, 2019, ipinaluwas sa bilog na kinaban an Lanteder ni Utada sa pelikulang Dayak duman sa Netflix, asin Ingles na subtitles personal na trinadusir kan parakanta.
Nobyembre 1, 2019, nagpaluwas sya nin sarong Utada na konsyerto sa parakanta-kantang si She[[ena Ringo]],na inapod na "Romaman to Sorban LDN ver." ("An Saldang asin an Bulan", sa Ingles). tinampok ini <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/353696|work=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2021-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630142810/https://natalie.mu/music/news/353696}}</ref> pinakamabentang album ni Sheena na Atel of Universal Gravity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://aramajapan.com/news/newrelease/music-video-for-new-shiina-ringo-utada-hikaru-duet-officially-released/102390/|title=Music Video for New Shiina Ringo & Utada Hikaru Duet Officially Released|work=Arama{{!}} Japan}}</ref> alternatibong bersyon kan kanta, na inapod "Roman to Sorobano TYOver.", makukua kan Nobyembre 25. Nobyembre 27, 2019, si Utada nagpaluwas kan enot na solo sa laog nin labing sarong taon kaiba an "Shonen Jidai". luwas ini bilang agihan nin numero 5 sa album na Inoue Tribute. man igdi an sarong buhay na pagreminar kan kanta sa saiyang 2003 DVD U''H Live Streaming 20 Dai wa Ikeike!''
=== 2002- 2022: Maraot na Mode''na Paggawi'' ===
Mayo 8, 2020, si Utada nagpaluwas nin "Time", an theme song para sa dramang N[[ppon TV|TV]] Bes''hoku Tantei Akechi Goro''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-04-05/hikaru-utada-performs-live-action-bishoku-tantei-akechi-goro-show-theme-song/.158322|title=Hikaru Utada Performs Live-action Bishoku Tantei Akechi Gorō Show's Theme Song|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/375697|work=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2021-12-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210023022/https://natalie.mu/music/news/375697}}</ref> "Dar[[enimo Iwanai]]" pinaluwas kan Mayo 29 bilang musika para sa sarong kampanya nin tubig na [[:en:Suntory|Suntory]] moneral, kaiba si Utada na nag ganap sa komersiyo.
ikaduwang pangyayari kan Instagram nakaistar serye si ''Jitaku Kakuri-chu no Hikaru Paisen ni Kike!'', pinatunayan ni Utada na may bagong mga kanta sa Hapon sagkod Ingles para sa sunod na album, kaiba an bersiyon nin Ingles kan mga awit na Hapones.
Disyembre 3, 2020, pig-anunsyo na si Tak[[uru Sato]] asin Hi[[kari Mitsushima]] magganap sa sarong No[[tflix]] show base sa mga rawit-dawit ni Utada na "Enot na Pagkamoot" asin "Hatsukoi". <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> pasale, tituladong First Love Hatsukoi, na pinaluwas kan Nobyembre 2022.
Disyembre 25, 2020, an opisyal na websityo kan Utada pig-anunsyo an sarong bagong solong titulo na "One Last Kis" bilang theme song para sa pelikulang Ebanghelion: 3.0+1.01 Thrice on a Time.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kanta napalaman sa huri pa'spripot nin nota huli kan COVID-19 pandemic, kaiba an pelikula.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> solo pinaluwas kan Marso 8, 201, sa pagluwas kan pelikula.
Utada nagkanta kan temang "Pink Blood" para sa 2021 babaing Sa ''[[Saindong Panahon]]'' nin Pagpublikar kan Abril.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Pineda|first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Hikaru Utada Sings 'To Your Eternity' Anime's Theme Song|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-03-02/hikaru-utada-sings-to-your-eternity-anime-theme-song/.170141|newspaper=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 2, 2021|language=en}}</ref> luwas niya an solong "Kiminou" para sa seryeng drama sa T[[BS Television (Japan)|BS]] na Sa''iai'' kan Nobyembre.
Bad Mode, Utada's ika-pitong studio album, ipinaluwas kan Enero 19, 2022. saiyang inot [[Poo Bear|Na]] album, an Bad Mode kaiba an mga konsyerto sa manlaen-laen na producers, kaayon an S[[krillex]] asin [[:en:Poo_Bear|Poo Bear]], A[[. G. Cook]], and [[:en:Floating_Points|Sam Shepherd]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2022-01-11/hikaru-utada-will-release-8th-studio-album-bad-mode-wednesday-january-19-from-milan-records/.181425|language=en}}</ref> abot sa bilang an album na ini sa mga tsart na Oricon asin Billboard kan Hapon.
Abril 16, 2022, si Utada nagsagibo sa Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival" nin mayor na entablado, an enot niyang pagkakataon sa sarong festival nin musika sa Estados Unidos, sakop kan 88rising block. nagkanta nin halipot na setlist kan mga lumang kanta kaiba an "Sipsik and Clean", "Automatic", "First Love" asin bagong awit, inapod na T. A studio bersyon ni T, tampok na rapper Warren [[Hue]], pinaluwas sa parehong aldaw matapos an konsyerto, bilang parte kan 88rising EP Head in the Clouds Forever.
Hunyo 9, 2022, ang konsyerto na "Hikaru Utada Live Sessions from Air Studios" ipinaluwas para sa pag-arte sa Ne[[tflix]].
=== 2023 - presente ===
pagselebrar kan saiyang ika-40ng kompleanyo, Enero 19, 2023, ginibo an sarong buhay na okasyon sapa, na inapod 40 iro-irro. sapa binibilog nin hapot asin sesyon simbagan na may mga imahe, pahayag ki aktor Take[[ru Sato]] asin Yu[[riko Yoshikataka]], na nag ganap kan 2022 Notflix dramang First Love Hatsukoi asin ultimong buhay-buhay na pasale nin 3 awit. bagong areglo nin Enot na Pagkamoot, sarong bersyon sa Ingles/Ingles kan Kimi ni Michu tituladong Rule asin takop kan My [[Porto Bonito]] ni [[Bad Bunny|na Bunny]]. luwas digdí an mga rekording sa audio kan enot na 2 rawitdawit, Pebrero 17, 2023.
bagong single, tituladong "Gold -Mata Au Hi Made-" (Gold – Till the day we see each other again), an ipighayag bilang theme song kan pelikulang KINGDOM: The Flame of Destiny, para ipaluwas Hulyo 28. kanta pigmukna kan A [[G Cook]].
=== Stilo nin musika ===
Utada sarong pangenot na konsekto kan pirming pag ganap sa J[[Dance-pop|-pop]]" music genre, pagdara saiya nin Amerikanong-inleced R[[&B]] vocal istilo salating kan mga ballads, bouncy dance-pop, asin estandarteng pop kanta.
Utada's opisyal na website cies 16 musicis asin kompositor an paborito niyang mga artista: Fred[[Freddie Mercury|die Mercury]], Cocteau Twin, Nin[[e Inch Nails]], Jim[[i Hendrix]], Prince, Amel Lirrieeux, [[Édith Piaf]], Chi[[ck Corea]], [[Buluan na Nilo (banda)|Blue Nilo]], [[Björk]], Ka[[te Bush]], Aki[[no Arai]], [[enny Kravitz]], Bré Bartó Mok, Jecar, Jumley, Oki, Obaorza.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> iba pang lugar, siya man nalista sa mga artistang R&B A[[aliya]], Mary[[h Carey]], asin Mary [[J. Blige]] bilang inspirasyon,<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> asin nasambit niya dati an pagdakula ni Madonna, Sting, and the Cure.
== '''Personal na buhay''' ==
Utada mahilig magtaram nin Ingles asin Hapon na marikas an boses. Setyembre 7, 2002, pinakasalan niya si Kazu[[aki Kiriya]], sarong retratista asin direktor nin pelikula na nagmando sa magkapirang mga music video niya. Marso 2, 2007, ipinaisi kan mag - agom an saindang diborsio, na sinisitar an personal na mga pagbabago asin kakulangan nin komunikasyon huli sa klase kan saindang trabaho.
Agosto <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://japandailypress.com/hikaru-utada-makes-first-public-statement-after-news-of-mothers-suicide-2634641/|title=Hikaru Utada makes first public statement after news of mother's suicide|language=en|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2013-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928180150/http://japandailypress.com/hikaru-utada-makes-first-public-statement-after-news-of-mothers-suicide-2634641/}}</ref>, 2013, an ina ni Utada na si [[Keiko Fuji]] nagadan huli sa garo baga paghugot paagi sa paglukso hale sa ika-tolong eskalon nin sarong 28-floor condominium na edipisyo sa Shin[[juku]], Tokyo.
Pebrero <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-02-03/singer-songwriter-hikaru-utada-to-marry-an-italian-man|title=Singer-Songwriter Hikaru Utada to Marry an Italian Man|language=en}}</ref>, 2014, inilunsad ni Utada an mga plano na ipasali sa sarong Italianong lalaki, na naghahagad nin genciment asin media tanganing hilingon an saindang personal na buhay hali sa "restableableng distansia" ta mayo siya sa industriya nin entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> aldaw, an ex-husband Kazuaki Kiriya pinagbarahuhan siya sa bagong kasal.[1] Pebrero 10, 2014, si Utada asin katrato Francesco Calanosno nagwalat nin mensahe sa saiyang opisyal na websayt nagpapaliwanag kun paano sinda nagkahilingan mantang si Caliano sarong bartender sa sarong hotel sa London, asin naghahagad nin pribadong pag-alaman. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> - agom ikinasal kan Mayo 23, 2014. Hulyo <ref name="utadaBirthJuly2015">{{Cite web}}</ref>, 2015, ipinaisi kan mag - agom an pagkamundag nin sarong aking lalaki. Abril 6, 2018, ipinaisi na sinda nagboroto.
Utada nagsuporta sa [[:en:Same-sex_marriage|same-sex marriage]];;<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kan Hunyo 26, 2021, nagluwas siya bilang bakong kasal sa sarong astagram na buhay.[1] tada naggagamit siya/her sagkod sinda . Utada nag<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> man mapanungod sa Ingles na honorifics Ms. asin Mrs., "Pagmasakit ako ngunianion kan sakong pagiging nkakasal o se''[[x (title)|x]]'', asin dai ko aram kun ano an mga prefixes na idto. Kada beses, pagmati ko gusto kong ipapasupog an sadiri ko." si Tatay nagpahayag nin suporta para sa siring na mga alternatibo arog ni ''[[:en:Mx_(title)|Mx]]''
== '''Discograpiya''' ==
=== '''Mga studio album sa Hapon''' ===
* ''[[:en:First_Love_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|First Love]]'' (1999)
* ''[[:en:Distance_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Distance]]'' (2001)
* ''[[:en:Deep_River_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Deep River]]'' (2002)
* ''[[:en:Ultra_Blue|Ultra Blue]]'' (2006)
* ''[[:en:Heart_Station|Heart Station]]'' (2008)
* ''[[:en:Fantôme_(album)|Fantôme]]'' (2016)
* ''[[:en:Hatsukoi_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Hatsukoi]]'' (2018)
* ''[[:en:Bad_Mode|Bad Mode]]'' (2022)
'''Mga album sa studio Ingles'''
* ''[[:en:Precious_(Cubic_U_album)|Precious]]'' (as Cubic U) (1998)
* ''[[:en:Exodus_(Hikaru_Utada_album)|Exodus]]'' (2004)
* ''[[:en:This_Is_the_One|This Is the One]]'' (2009)
== '''Mga Pagpasyar''' ==
=== Mga pagpasyar sa Concert ===
* Bohemian Summer 2000 Tour (2000)
* [[:en:Utada_United_2006|Utada United 2006 Tour]] (2006)
* [[:en:Utada:_In_the_Flesh_2010|Utada: In the Flesh 2010 Tour]] (2010)
* [[:en:Hikaru_Utada_Laughter_in_the_Dark_Tour_2018|Laughter in the Dark Tour]] (2018)
=== Mga konsyertong saro-sasarong ulit ===
* Luv Live (1999)
* Utada Hikaru in Budokan 2004{{efn|Also known as “Utada Hikaru in Budokan 「No。5」” or “Hikaru No. 5” as the concerts were held to celebrate Utada's fifth anniversary of her musical career in Japan}} (2004)
* One Night Magic (2006)
* [[:en:Wild_Life_(concert)|Wild Life]] (2010)
{{Tamboan}}
<references />
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{{Infobox person|name=Marina Popovich|image=|alt=|caption=2014 na litrato|birth_name=Marina Lavrentievna Vasiliyeva<br>Марина Лаврентьевна Васильева|birth_date=1930 Hulyo 30|birth_place=Leonenki, [[Velizhsky District]], [[Smolensk Oblast]], [[USSR]]|death_date=30 Nobyembre 2017 (Edad 86)|death_place=|nationality=[[Russians|Russian]]|other_names=|known_for=102 world records|occupation=Piloto, Parasurat/Autor|awards=}}
Si '''Marina''' '''Lavrentievna Popovich''' (née Vasiliyeva; 30 Hulyo 1931 - 30 Nobyembre 2017) sarong [[Soviet Air Force]] colonel, inhenyero, asin dekoradong Soviet test pilot.
Kan1964, siya an naging ikatolong babae asin inot na babaeng Soviet nagbari kan ''sound barrier''.<ref name="TASS" />
Midbid bilang "Madame MiG", para sa saiyang trabaho sa na paralaban para sa Soviet, nagbugtak siya nin labing sanggatos na rekord sa pagsasahimpapawid saa kinaban nin sa sobrang 40 klase nin eroplano sa bilog niyang karera. <ref name="TASS">{{Cite news|url=http://tass.ru/info/4774529|title=Биография летчика-испытателя Марины Попович|publisher=TASS}}</ref><ref>[http://exopolitics.blogs.com/exopolitics/2014/05/cosmonaut-marina-popovich-discloses-ufos-to-visit-usa-request-us-government-us-astronauts-to-disclose.html Russian Cosmonaut Marina Popovich discloses UFOs.] - ExopoliticsTV interview with Alfred Lambremont Webre.</ref>
== Biograpiya ==
Si Marina Vasilieva namundag kan 30 Hulyo 1931<ref>{{Cite book|title=The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact|last=Burgess|first=Colin|last2=Hall|first2=Rex|date=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780387848235|location=Berlin|page=78|lccn=2008935694}}</ref> sa Distrito nin Velizhsky kan Smolensk Oblast, alagad naghali kaiba an saiyang pamilya pasiring sa [[Novosibirsk]] durante kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]] <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/15/obituaries/marina-popovich-record-breaking-soviet-test-pilot-is-dead.html?|title=Marina Popovich, Record-Breaking Soviet Test Pilot, Is Dead|newspaper=New York Times|date=2017-12-09}}</ref>
Poon siyang mag-adal na lumayog kan siya aki pa alagad, pakatapos kan gera, an Soviet Union pinagbawalan an mga babae na magserbi bilang pilotong militar. Sa edad na 16, nagpresentar siya bilang 22 anyos, nagsurat siya ki Soviet Marshal [[Kliment Voroshilov]] na naghahagad na iako sa sarong ''flying school''. Nailaog siya ni Voroshilov sa Novosibirsk Aviation Technicum kun sain naggadwar siya kan 1951. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://onthisdayinworld.com/the-hero-of-the-nation-marina-popovich/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214073155/https://onthisdayinworld.com/the-hero-of-the-nation-marina-popovich/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Sa primero, nagtrabaho siya bilang inhenyero, dangan kan huri bilang instruktor sa paglayog. Kan 1962, naglaog siya sa inot na grupo nin mga babaying masanay na maging cosmonauts sa ''Soviet Space Program''. Makalihis nin duwang bulan na pagsasanay, tinalikdan siya sa programa.<ref name="NYTimes">{{Cite news|title=Marina Popovich, Record-Breaking Soviet Test Pilot, Is Dead|date=2017-12-09}}</ref> An saiyang agom, si [[Pavel Popovich]], inako sa programa, na naging ikawalong tawo sa ''space'' na lunad kan [[Vostok 4]] kan 1962.
Naging siyang piloto kan Soviet Air Force kan 1963, asin kan 1964 naako bilang sarong military test-pilot. Sa taon na idto (Hunyo 10), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-test-pilot-marina-popovich-after-her-record-setting-flight-of-june-22795770.html|title=Stock Photo - Test pilot Marina Popovich after her record setting flight of June 10 1964|last=Limited|first=Alamy|website=Alamy|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> Nabari niya an ''sound barrier'' kan MiG 21. Siya naglaog ''military reserves'' kan 1978 dangan nagbali sa [[Antonov Design Bureau]] bilang sarong test pilot. Sa Antonov, siya nagbugtak nin sampulong ''flight records'' sa [[:en:Antonov_An-22|Antonov An-22]] turboprop. <ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/marina-popovich-soviet-pilot-russia-aviation-ufos-died-madam-mig-putin-ussr-a8113236.html</ref> Nagretiro siya kan 1984.
Siya nagsurat nin siyam na libro asin duwang screenplay. An sarong bituon sa konstelasyon kan Cancer dara an ngaran niya.<ref name="smolensk">{{cite web|author=|date=|url=http://admin-smolensk.ru/~pkns/pkns/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2171&Itemid=61|title=Попович Марина Лаврентьевна|publisher=admin-smolensk.ru|accessdate=2011-01-01|archive-date=2022-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620160903/https://www.admin-smolensk.ru/~pkns/pkns/index.php?option=com_content}}</ref>
Si Marina Popovich, sarong miyembro kan Russian Writers' Union, nagsurat nin siyam na libro, kaiba an koleksion sa poesia, an ''Zhizn – vechny vzlyot'' (Life's An Eternal Rise, 1972).<ref name="astronaut">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronaut.ru/as_rusia/vvs/text/popovich.htm?reload_coolmenus|title=Pavel Romanovich Popovich|date=11 June 2009|publisher=Space Encyclopedia ASTROnote|language=Russian|accessdate=2009-09-30}}</ref> Siya nag kag-autor nin duwang mga iskrip sa pelikula, an ''Nebo So Mnoy'' (Sky Is With Me, 1974)<ref>[http://kinofilms.tv/film/nebo-so-mnoj/39615/ Nebo So Mnoy] at kinofilms.tv</ref> asin ''Buket Fialok'' (Bouquet of Violets, 1983).
<ref name="astronaut2">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronaut.ru/as_rusia/vvs/text/popovich.htm?reload_coolmenus|title=Pavel Romanovich Popovich|date=11 June 2009|publisher=Space Encyclopedia ASTROnote|language=Russian|accessdate=2009-09-30}}</ref>
Si Popovich nagadan kan Nobyembre 30, 2017. Siya linubong na may [[mga onra sa militar]] sa [[:en:Federal_Military_Memorial_Cemetery|Federal Military Memorial Cemetery]].
=== Pananaw manongod sa mga UFO ===
Si Marina Popovich nagtaram manongod sa saiyang eksperyensia sa UFOs sa saiyang librong tituladong ''UFO Glasnost'' (na ipinublikar kan 1991 sa [[Alemanya]]) asin sa mga diskurso saka interbyu sa publiko. Sabi niya na an mga pilotong militar asin sibilyan kan Soviet pigkompirmar na an 3000 UFO ''sightings'' asin nakua kan Air Force kan Soviet and [[KGB]] an kari'gonan nin limang nagbahsak na UFO. <ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-20-vw-110-story.html</ref> An mga lugar na nabagsakan iyo an [[1908 na Insidente sa Tunguska|Tunguska]] (1908), [[Novosibirsk]], [[Tallinn]], [[Ordzhonikidze]] asin Dalnegorsk (1986).
== Pribadong buhay ==
An inot na agom ni Marina Popovich iyo si [[Pavel Popovich]], sarong dating [[kosmonaut]] kan Soviet, kun sain siya may duwang aking babayi sina, Natalya (b. 1956) asin Oksana (b. 1968), parehong gradwar sa [[:en:Moscow_State_Institute_of_International_Relations|Moscow State Institute of International Relations]] <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-093009b.html|title=Pavel Popovich, sixth man in orbit, dies|date=30 September 2009|publisher=[[collectSPACE]]|accessdate=2009-09-30}}</ref>
Siya may duwang maku-apong babayi, si Tatyana asin Alexandra, saka an maku-apong lalake si Michael, na namundag sa Inglatera.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smsport.ru/expo/katalog/avasport/popovich/8.php|title=М.Л. Попович. Фотографии|publisher=Современный музей спорта|accessdate=2011-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429153341/http://www.smsport.ru/expo/katalog/avasport/popovich/8.php|archivedate=2012-04-29}}</ref>
An ikaduwa niyang agom iyo si Boris Alexandrovich Zhikhorev, sarong retiradong Rusong Airforce Major general, Deputy chairman of the Central Committee of the Union of the Soviet Officers.<ref>Kolysko, Tatyana. [http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/intervy/m_popovich.html A Star Named Marina] / Звезда по имени Марина. Gudok, No. 194, 2003.</ref>
== Mga Gawad asin Onra ==
* [[:en:Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour|Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
* [[:en:Marina_Popovich#:~:text=Banner%20of%20Labour-,Order%20of%20the%20Badge%20of%20Honour,-Honoured%20Master%20of|Order of the Badge of Honour]]
* Honoured Master of Sports
* [[:en:FAI_Gold_Air_Medal|FAI Gold Air Medal]]
== Hilingon man ==
* [[Nina Rusakova]]
* [[Olga Yamshchikova]]
* [[Jacqueline Cochran]]
== Mga Toltolan ==
<references />
== Mga Panluwas na Takod ==
* [https://www.fai.org/records?record=marina%20popovich Records at fai.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategorya:Mga babaying Ruso]]
[[Kategorya:Kagadanan kan 2017]]
[[Kategorya:Kamundagan kan 1931]]
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[[Ladawan:Mattei Athena Louvre Ma530 n2.jpg|thumb|Mattei Athena sa Louvre. Romanong kopya poon sa ika-1 siglo BC/AD pagkatapos kan orihinal na Griyego kan ika-4 na siglo BC na iniuugnay kay Cephisodotos o Euphranor.]]
An '''Athena'''{{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|θ|iː|n|ə}}; [[Attic Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀθηνᾶ}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|Athēnâ}}'', or {{lang|grc|Ἀθηναία}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|Athēnaía}}''; [[Epic Greek|Epic]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀθηναίη}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|Athēnaíē}}''; [[Doric Greek|Doric]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀθάνα}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|Athā́nā}}''}} o '''Athene''', parati tinatawan kan epithet '''Pallas''', sarong suanoy na diyosang Griego na asosyado sa kadunungan, gera, asin manibramento<ref name="Merriam-Webster">{{Cite book|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature|date=1995|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=9780877790426|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C&pg=PA81 81]}}</ref> na pigtanggapan an Romanong diosa na si Minerva.[4] Si Atena hinihiling na iyo an patron asin mga tagaprotektar kan manlain-lain na siyudad sa bilog na Gresya, lalo na an syudad nin [[Atenas]], na kun saen siya posibleng marhay na nag - ako kan saiyang pangaran.[5] An Parthenon sa Arkopolis nin Atenas idinusay saiya. Kaiba sa saiyang mayor na mga simbolo an [[Kuwaw ni Atenea|Mga gamgam]], [[:en:Owl_of_Athena|owls]], poon nin olibo, halas, asin Gorgoneion. Sa arte, sa pankagabsan sia ilinaladawan na may takop sa payo asin kapot an budyak.
Gikan sa saiyang ginikanan bilang diosa kan palasyo nin Aegean, si Atena konektadong marhay sa siudad. Midbid siya bilang ''Polias'' asin ''Poliuchos'' (hale sa polis, na boot sabihon "siyudad-estado"), asin an saiyang mga templo parati Saron sa taas kan kinukupsitan na asayti sa sentral na parte kan siyudad. An Partenon sa Athenian Acropolis idinudusay saiya, kaiba an kadakol pang ibang templo asin monumento. Bilang patrona nin katusohan asin pagmamiaw, si Atena midbid bilang ''Engane''. Sia saro man na guerrerong diosa, asin pinaniwalaan na pangenotan an mga soldados sa ralaban bilang ''Si Atena Promachos''. An saiyang pangenot na kapiyestahan sa Atenas iyo an Panathernaia, na ipigseselebrar durante kan bulan nin Hekatomation sa katahawan asin ini an pinakamahalagang festival sa kalendaryong Atheniano.
Sa mitolohiyang Griego, si Atena tinutubod na namundag gikan sa angog kan saiyang ama na si Zeus. Sa ibang bersyon kan istorya, si Atena mayong ina asin namundag gikan sa angog ni Zeus paagi nin parthenogenesis. Sa iba pa, arog kan Theogony ni Hesiod, hinahalunan ni Zeus an saiyang kosor na si Mitis, na bados kaiba ni Athena; sa bersyon na ini, Si Athena enot namundag sa laog ni Zeus dangan nakadulag gikan sa hawak niya paagi kan saiyang angog. Kan matugdas na osipon nin Athens, si Athena pinahalangkaw an Poseidon sa sarong kompetisyon kisa patrona kan siudad paagi sa paggibo kan enot na poon nin olibo. Midbid siya bilang Athena Partenos "Athena the Virgin", alagad sa sarong archaic [[:en:Attica|Attic]] myth, an diyos na si Hephates bistado asin dai piglupigan ini, na nagresulta sa pagkapangaki ni Gaia ki [[:en:Erichthonius_of_Athens|Erichthonius]], sarong importanteng Athenian founding na heroe. Si Athena iyo an patron na diyosa kan heroikong paghingoa; tinutubod na siya nakatabang sa mga heroeng si [[:en:Perseus|Perseus]], [[:en:Heracles|Heracles]], [[:en:Bellerophon|Bellerophon]], asin [[:en:Jason|Jason]] Kaiba ni [[:en:Aphrodite|Aphrodite]] asin [[:en:Hera|Hera]], si Athena saro sa tolong diosa na an [[feud]] nagresulta sa kapinonan kan Guerra nin [[Trojan]].
Sia aktibong may kabtang sa ''[[Iliada|Iliid]]'', na dian tinatabangan nia an mga Amalequita asin, sa ''[[:en:Odyssey|Odyssey]]'', sia an banal na parahatol ki Odysseus. Sa mga huring sinurat kan Romanong poeta na si Ovid, sinabi ni Athena na nagkitusay tumang sa mortal na Arachne sa sarong kompetisyon nin paghabol, dangan binago an Acharne pasiring sa enot na lawa; ilinaladawan man ni Olvidado kun paano ginibo ni Athena an saiyang [[:en:Hiereiai|priestess]] [[:en:Medusa|Medusa]] asin an mga tugang kan huri, si [[:en:Stheno|Stheno]]<nowiki/>asin [[:en:Euryale_(Gorgon)|Euryale]] na nagin [[:en:Gorgon|Gorgons]] pakatapos na maheling an hoben na babaeng inalulupig ni Poseidon sa templo kan diosa. Poon kan Renaissance, an Atena nagin nang internasyonal na simbolo nin kadonongan, arte, asin klasikong inadalan. An mga artistang taga-Sulnupan asin alegorista parati ginagamit an Atena bilang simbolo nin katalingkasan asin demokrasya.
== Etymolohiya ==
[[Ladawan:Akropolis_by_Leo_von_Klenze.jpg|thumb|An ''Acropolis sa Athens'' (1846) ni [[Leo von Klenze]]. An pangaran ni Athena na duda na nagpoon sa pangaran nkanlungsod nin Athens.]]
[7][5] Atena kaayon sa siyudad nin [[Atenas]].[4] [6] pangaran kan siyudad sa suanoy na Griego {{Lang|grc|Ἀθῆναι}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Athȇnai}}), sarong plural na toponym, nagsasayod kan lugar kun sain sigun sa osipon - siya an nangenot sa ''Atenas'', sarong sister na dedikado sa pagsamba saiya. Kan suanoy na mga panahon, pinagdiskutiran kan mga iskolar kun baga ipinangaran an Atena sa Atenas o Athena pagkatapos ni Athena.[5] , an mga iskolar sa pangkagabsan minauyon na kinua kan diyosa an saiyang pangaran hali sa siyudad;[1] An katapusan iyo an komun sa ngaran nin mga lugar, pero bihira para sa personal na mga pangaran.[5] Pinapatunayan kan mga testimonya hali [6] manlain - lain na siyudad sa [[Suanoy na Gresya|suanoy na Grecia]] na an kaagid na mga diyos nin syudad sinasamba man sa ibang siudad.[1] asin, arog ni Atena, kinua ninda an saindang pangaran sa mga siyudad kun sain sinda sinamba. Halimbawa, sa Mycenae igwa nin diosang inapod na ''Myerna'', na an tugang inaapod na Dawaniai,[6] mantang sa Thebes angkolon na dios pinag-aapod na Tebe, asin bisto an siyudad sa irarom kan pormang plural (o Teses, in English, kun sain an 's' iyo an plural class). An pangarang ''Athenai'' na malamang na nagpoon sa Pre-Greek huli ta naglalaman ini nin malamang Pre-Greek [[morpheme]] *-ān
Sa saiyang dialogo ''[[Cratylus]]'', an suanoy na Griegong pilosopo na si [[Platón|Plato]] (428-347 BC) nagtatao nin nagkapirang medyo imahinasyon sanang mga etmolohiya kan ngaran ni Atena, basado sa teoriya kan suanoy na mga taga - Atenas asin kan saiyang esimikal na mga espekulasyon:
{{Quote|That is a graver matter, and there, my friend, the modern interpreters of Homer may, I think, assist in explaining the view of the ancients. Most of these in their explanations of the poet, assert that he meant by Athena "mind" [{{lang|grc|νοῦς}}, ''[[Nous|noũs]]''] and "intelligence" [{{lang|grc|διάνοια}}, ''[[diánoia]]''], and the maker of names appears to have had a singular notion about her; and indeed calls her by a still higher title, "divine intelligence" [{{lang|grc|θεοῦ νόησις}}, ''theoũ nóēsis''], as though he would say: This is she who has the mind of God [{{lang|grc|ἁ θεονόα}}, ''a theonóa'']. Perhaps, however, the name Theonoe may mean "she who knows divine things" [{{lang|grc|τὰ θεῖα νοοῦσα}}, ''ta theia noousa''] better than others. Nor shall we be far wrong in supposing that the author of it wished to identify this Goddess with moral intelligence [{{lang|grc|εν έθει νόεσιν}}, ''en éthei nóesin''], and therefore gave her the name Etheonoe; which, however, either he or his successors have altered into what they thought a nicer form, and called her Athena.|author=Plato|title=Cratylus ''407b''}}
== Mga Ginikanan ==
[[Ladawan:Goddess-boars-tusk-griffin.jpg|thumb|[10] pagrasay nin sarong fresco hale sa Sentro kan Cult duman sa Mycenae na kaidto pang huring ika - 13 siglo BC naglaladawan sa guerrerong diosa, posibleng si Atena, na nakasulot nin pustil na helmet asin nagkukubogkula.[1]]]
[[Ladawan:Seal_of_Inanna,_2350-2150_BCE.jpg|wala|thumb|Suanoy na [[Akkadian cylinder seal]] (dating c. 2334–2154 BC) na naglaladawan kay [[Inanna]], an diyosa kan digmaan, nakabaluti asin may daarang armas, na nakapatong an saiyang bitis sa likod kan sarong leon]]
Ini man karaniwang pinag uyonan kan kadaklan na an kulto ni Athena nagpreserbar nin pirang aspekto kan [[:en:Proto-Indo-European_religion#Societal_deities|Proto-Indo-European transfunctional goddess]].[4] [12][10] kulto ni Athena tibaad naimpluwensiahan man kan mga diosang nasa Harani sa Sirangan arog baga kan Semitic Istar nin East asin Ugaristikong Anat, na parehong ilinaladawan na may darang armas. An iskolar sa klasiko na si Charles Penglase nagsabi na an Athena kapareho ni Inanna sa saiyang papel bilang "makagagadan na guerrerong diosa"[29] asin na an duwang diyosa konektadong marhay sa paglalang. An kamundagan ni Athena poon sa payo ni Zeus na pwedeng hango sa suanoy na mito kan [[Sumerian]] tungkol sa paglusong asin pagbabalik ni Inanna poon sa [[Underworld]].
== Mga Epithet Asin kualidad ==
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|header=|width=<!-- Image 1 -->|image1=Athena Carpegna Massimo.jpg|width1=178|alt1=|caption1=Cult statue of Athena with the face of the Carpegna type (late 1st century BC to early 1st century AD), from the Piazza dell'Emporio, Rome
<!-- Image 2 -->|image2=Bust Athena Velletri Glyptothek Munich 213.jpg|width2=300|alt2=|caption2=Bust of the Velletri Pallas type, copy after a votive statue of Kresilas in Athens ({{circa|425}} BC)}}
Si Athena iyo man an diyosa nin katoninongan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=History of Art: The Western Tradition|last=Janson|first=Horst Woldemar|last2=Janson|first2=Anthony F.|publisher=[[Pearson Education]]|year=2004|isbn=0-13-182622-0|editor-last=Touborg|editor-first=Sarah|edition=Revised 6th|volume=1|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|pages=111, 160|author-link=Horst Woldemar Janson|editor-last2=Moore|editor-first2=Julia|editor-last3=Oppenheimer|editor-first3=Margaret|editor-last4=Castro|editor-first4=Anita}}</ref>
<ref name=":0"/> kaagid na paagi sa saiyang patrona kan manlaenlaen na aktibidad asin siudad nin Grecia, si Athena ibinilang na "protekto nin mga eroe" asin sarong "patron nin arte" saka laen - laen na lokal na tradisyon may koneksion sa teknika asin mano.
== Hilingon pa ==
** [[:en:Athenaeum_(disambiguation)|Athenaeum (disambiguation)]]
** [[:en:Ambulia|Ambulia]], a Spartan epithet used for Athena, [[:en:Zeus|Zeus]], and [[:en:Castor_and_Pollux|Castor and Pollux]]
== Bibliograpiya ==
=== Suanoy na mga reperensia ===
{{refbegin}}
* Apollodorus, ''Library, 3,180''
* Augustine, ''De civitate dei xviii.8–9''
* Cicero, ''De natura deorum iii.21.53, 23.59''
* Eusebius, ''Chronicon 30.21–26, 42.11–14''
* [[Homer]], ''The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes''. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415210948/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1|date=15 April 2021}}.
* [[Homer]]; ''The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes''. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029182326/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136:book=1:card=1|date=29 October 2021}}.
* [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117192240/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0130:card%3D1|date=17 November 2021}}.
* Lactantius, ''Divinae institutions i.17.12–13, 18.22–23''
* Livy, ''[[Ab urbe condita libri]] vii.3.7''
* Lucan, ''[[Pharsalia|Bellum civile]] ix.350''
* {{cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053|title=In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii|author=Servius|date=1881|publisher=B. G. Teubner|location=Leipzig|author-link=Maurus Servius Honoratus}}
{{refend}}
== Panluwas na mga takod ==
{| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto;text-align:left;"
| class="sidebar-pretitle" |[[Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library|An mga rekurso sa Library]] manongod ki '''Atena'''<br />
----
|-
| class="sidebar-content plainlist" |
* [https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Athena&library=OLBP Mga librong Online]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Athena Mga Pondo sa saindong libreriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126183310/https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Athena |date=2024-11-26 }}
* [https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Athena&library=0CHOOSE0 Mga rogaring sa ibang libreriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126133924/https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Athena&library=0CHOOSE0 |date=2024-11-26 }}
|}
* [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Herakles/athena.html ATENA] sa Proyektong Perseus
* [https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Athena.html ATENA] hale sa Proyektong Teoi
* [https://mythopedia.com/topics/athena ATENA] na taga Mythopedia
* The Warburg Institute Icograpikong Database (mga halimbawa ni Atena)
== <span class="mw-headline">Toltolan</span> ==
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[[Ladawan:Echidna_-_Parco_dei_Mostri_-_Bomarzo,_Italy_-_DSC02642.jpg|too|thumb|Echidna. Eskultura ni [[:en:Pirro_Ligorio|Pirro Ligorio]] 1555, Parco dei Mostri (Monster Park), [[Lazio]], Italia<ref>Ogden 2013b, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA13 p. 13].</ref>]]
Sa [[mitolohiyang Griyego]], si '''Echidna''' ([[/ɪˈkɪdnə]]/; [[Greek: Ἔχιδνα, translit]]. ''Ékhidna'', [[lit]]. "she-viper",)<ref>Variant of {{Lang-grc|{{linktext|ἔχις}}|label=none|lit=viper}} from [[Proto-Indo-European]] ''*h₁égʰi-'' (see {{cite book|title=Etymological Dictionary of Greek|last=Beekes|first=R. S. P.|date=2009|publisher=Brill|page=489|author-link=Robert S. P. Beekes}}).</ref> na sarong halimaw, kabangang babae asin kabangang halas, na solong nageerok sa sarong kuweba. Siya an kapareha kan nakakatakot na halimaw na si Typhon asin naging ina kan kadaklan sa mga pinakatanyag na halimaw kan [[mitolohiyang Griyego]].
== Genealohiya ==
Manlaenlaen an pamilya ni Echinna.<ref>For a discussion of Echidna's varying genealogy see Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA148 pp. 148–150].</ref> An pinakagurang na genealohiya manonongod sa Echidna, Theogonyo ni Hesiod (c. ika-8 - 7 na siglo BC), bakong malinaw sa magkapirang puntos. Segun ki Hesiod, si Echidna pinangaki sa sarong "she" na posibleng boot sabihon ni Hesiod na iyo an diyosang dagat na si Ceto, mala ta posible an ama ni Eva na dios nin kadagatan na [[Phorcys]]; maski pa ngani an "siya" pwedeng ipanongod sa Oceanid Calirhoe, na magpapadakula kan [[Medusa]] na si [[:en:Chrysaor|Chrysaor]] na ama ni Elchina.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml 270-300] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100357/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}. Though [[Herbert Jennings Rose]] says simply that it is "not clear which parents are meant", [[Apostolos Athanassakis|Athanassakis]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=cvSiWE0KQsYC&pg=PA44 p. 44], says that Phorcys and Ceto are the "more likely candidates for parents of this hideous creature who proceeded to give birth to a series of monsters and scourges". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in ''Theogony'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml 295] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100538/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DE%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dechidna-bio-1 s.v. Echidna]; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159 n. 32], "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml p. 27 n. 16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100538/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml |date=2025-03-04 }} ("Probably Ceto"); Gantz, p. 22 ("Phorkys and Keto produce Echidna"); Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 lines 295–303 ("presumably Keto"); West 1966, p. 249 line 295 ("probably Keto"); Grimal, s.v. Echidna ("Phorcys and Ceto").</ref> An mitograpo na si Ferecydes kan Atenas (5 na siglo BC) iyo an Echidna bilang aking babae nin mga [[Phorhys]], na dai nginaranan na ina.<ref>[[Pherecydes of Athens|Pherecydes]], fr. 7 Fowler = ''[[FGrHist]]'' 3 F 7 (Fowler 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA278 p. 278]); Hošek, p. 678.</ref>
== Pagkagadan ==
Maski ngani ki Hesiod Echidna immortal asin mayong edad,<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270 305].</ref> segun ki [[:en:Pseudo-Apollodorus|Apollodorus]] Echidna padagos na nagbiktima sa daing palad na "mga mass-pasa" sagkod na siya ultimong nagadan, mantang sya nagtuturog, ni Argus Panoptes, an sanggatos na higante na nagserbing [[:en:Hera|Hera]]<ref>[[Pseudo-Apollodorus|Apollodorus]], ''Library '' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%202.1.2&lang=original 2.1.2]. Gantz, pp. 201–202 finds "no trace" of such a tale in Archaic literature.</ref>
== Iconograpiya ==
Mayo nin nagkapirang suanoy na paglaladawan ki Echinna na buhay.<ref>Hošek, p. 679; Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA80 pp. 80–81 n. 37]. The identification of Echidna fighting Heracles on a restoration of a pediment from the Athenian Acropolis, (see for example Gardner, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DI5DAeJz5FAC&pg=PA159 p. 159]) is now rejected.</ref> Segun ki Pausanias, si Echidna ilinadawan, kaiba si Typhon, kan ikaanom na siglo BC Doric-Ionic nin templo sa [[:en:Amyclae|Amyclae]] na inaapod trono ni Apollo, na dinisenyo ni [[:en:Bathycles_of_Magnesia|Bathycles of Magnesia]].<ref>Gardner, [https://archive.org/stream/rshandbookofgree00garduoft#page/78/mode/2up p. 78]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.18.10 3.18.10].</ref> Pausanias an binibistong duwang mga nakatindog na pigura sa wala bilang Echidna asin Typhon, kaiba si Tritons nagtitindog sa too, na mayong ibang detalye mapanungod sa mga pigurin na ini.
== Hilingon pa ==
* Echidna - sarong monotreme mammal kan Australia asin Nueva Guinea na ipinangaran sa mithological monster
* Nāgas - parehas na tubig-tubig mga persona kan mitolohiyang Hindu na kabanga mansana
* Nüwa - sarong diosa sa suanoy na mitolohiyang Intsik an midbid na marhay huli sa paglalang kan katawohan asin paghirahay kan lanob nin [[langit]], na parateng ilinaladawan bilang igwa kan hawak nin halas, o an hababang kabtang kan saiyang bangkay iyo an yaon sa bitis nin halas
== Panluwas na takod ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
== Mga toltolan ==
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[[Ladawan:Altar Pérgamo Keto 06.JPG|thumb|Altar Pérgamo Keto]]
Si '''Ceto''' ([[/ˈsiːtoʊ/;]] Soanoy na Griyego: Κητώ, romanisado: Kētṓ, lit. 'halimaw sa dagat') sarong diosa sa dagat sa mitolohiyang Griego, aking babae ni Ponte asin kan saiyang ina na si Gaia. Bilang sarong pigura sa mitolohiya, sia ibinibilang na saro sa pinakasuanoy na mga dios, asin nagkaigwa nin dakol na aking lalaking labi - labing may kapot na [[:en:Phorcys|Phorcys]], an saro pang aki ni Gaia asin Pontus. An Sadit na Sistema Solar nag'abot 65489 Ceto ipigngaran saiya, asin an satelayt kaini pakatapos kan Phorcys.
Si Ceto na inaapod man na '''Crataeis''' (Κράταιις, ''Krataiis'', hale sa κραταιίς "makapangyarihan") asin '''Trienus''' (Τρίενος, Trienos, poon sa τρίενος na may okasyong may tolong taon") " [[Hecate]] (kung sain sinda Crataeis asin Trienus na [[epithets]] din).
An diyos-diyosan na ini dai dapat iribong sa minoridad na Oceanid man nagngangaran Ceto, o may manlaen-laen na milohikal na mga persona na inaapod ''[[ketos]]'' (plural ''kētē'' or kuetea); saro ining pankagabsan na termino para sa "sea moster" sa Suanoy na Griego.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkh%3Dtos "κῆτος"] in Liddell, Henry and Robert Scott. 1996. ''A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised by H.S. Jones and R. McKenzie. Ninth edition, with revised supplement''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref>
== Pamilya ==
Apuera ki Ceto, si Gaia (Earth) asin [[Pontus]] igwa nin apat pang aki, Si [[:en:Nereus|Nereus]], [[:en:Thaumas|Thaumas]], [[:en:Phorcys|Phorcys]] asin [[:en:Eurybia_(mythology)|Eurybia]].<ref>Hard, p. 50; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' 233–339 (Most, pp. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 21–23] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100254/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}); [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.2.6 1.2.6].</ref> Piglista kan ''[[:en:Theogony|Theogony]]'' ni Hesiod an mga aki ni Ceto asin Fersiyas bilang duwang Graieae: Pemphredo asin Enyo, asin an tolong Gorgons: Sthenno, Euryole, asin [[Medusa]],<ref>''Theogony'' 270–276 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml pp. 24, 25] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100357/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}).</ref> na an saindang huring gikan sarong dai nginaranan na halas (na sa huri inapod Ladon, nin Apolonio of Rhodes) na nagbabantay kan bulawan na mansanas.<ref>''Theogony'' 333–336 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml pp. 28, 29] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416142558/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml |date=2019-04-16 }}); [[Apollonius of Rhodes]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/apollonius_rhodes-argonautica/2009/pb_LCL001.441.xml 4.1396] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100437/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/apollonius_rhodes-argonautica/2009/pb_LCL001.441.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}.</ref> Susog man ki Hesiod, an kabangang-babae, kabanga-sinake [[Echidna (mitolohiya)|Echidna]] namundag sa sarong "she" na posibleng boot sabihon ni Hesukristo iyo si Ceto, (kaiba kan mga Phorcy an posible ama); minsan pa ngani an "siya" tibaad imbes pinapanongdan an Oceanid Calirhoe.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml 270-300] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100357/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}. Though [[Herbert Jennings Rose]] says simply that it is "not clear which parents [for Echidna] are meant", [[Apostolos Athanassakis|Athanassakis]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=cvSiWE0KQsYC&pg=PA44 p. 44], says that Ceto and Phorcys are the "more likely candidates for parents". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in ''Theogony'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml 295] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100538/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml |date=2025-03-04 }}. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DE%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dechidna-bio-1 s.v. Echidna]; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159 n. 32], "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml p. 27 n. 16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304100538/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml |date=2025-03-04 }} ("Probably Ceto"); Gantz, p. 22 ("Phorkys and Keto produce Echidna"); Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 lines 295–303 ("presumably Keto"); West, p. 249 line 295 ("probably Keto"); Grimal, s.v. Echidna ("Phorcys and Ceto").</ref> An parasurat nin mga mitolohiya na si Fehecydes kan Atenas (5th siglo BC) ipinaapod si Echidna bilang aking babae ni Phorhys, na dai nginaranan an sarong ina.<ref>[[Pherecydes of Athens|Pherecydes]], fr. 7 Fowler = ''[[FGrHist]]'' 3 F 7 (Fowler, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA278 p. 278]); Hošek, p. 678.</ref>
An mga mitrapo na si Apolodoro asin [[Hyginus]], an kada ngaran sa ikatolong Graiae, bilang gikan ni Ceto asin Phorcys, Dino asin Persis.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.4.2 2.4.2]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#p.9 Preface § p.9].</ref> Si Apolodoro asin Hyginus naggigibo man nin Ladon na mga gikan ni Echidna asin Tipo, imbes na si Ceto asin Fercys.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.5.11 2.5.11]; [[Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#p.35 Preface § p.35], [https://topostext.org/work/206 151].</ref>
An Scholiast on Apolonio Rhodius sinitar an Porcys asin Ceto bilang mga magurang kan Hesperides, alagad dai inotro an deklarasyon na ini sa iba pang suanoy na reperensia.
Si Ceto posibleng ina kan leon nin Nemean asin ni [[Sphinx]] kan saiyang makoapong si Orthrus.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml 326–327] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416142558/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml |date=2019-04-16 }}. Who is meant as the mother is unclear, the problem arising from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 326 of the ''Theogony'', see Clay, [[iarchive:hesiodscosmos0000clay/page/159|p.159, note 34]]</ref>
Si Homer pinapanongdan si Thoosa, an ina ni Polyphemus sa ''[[Odisea|Odysey]]'', bilang aking babae nin mga Doktor, alagad dai nia ipinaririsa kun baga si Ceto iyo an saiyang ina.
== Kulto ==
Si [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] na Matua sinambit an pagsamba ki "cito" sa Joppa (ngonyan Jaffa), sa sarong pagsambit, tolos pakatapos niyang sambiton si Andromeda, na ilinigtas ni Perseus sa sarong dagat-monster. S. Safrai asin M. Stern nagsusuherir kan posibilidad na may saro sa Joppa nag - establisar nin kulto kan moster sa irarom kan ngaran na Ceto. Bilang alternatibong paliwanag, ipinakakaag ninda na sala an pagkabasa ni Pliny o kan saiyang source sa pangarang cetus—o ng Syrian goddess na si [[Derceto]].<ref>''Colitur illic fabulosa Ceto''. Pliny, Book 5, chapter 14, §69; this same paragraph will be referred to as v.14, v.69, V.xiv.69; and v.13 (one of the chapter divisions is missing in some MSS). For Ceto as a transferred name, see Rackham's Loeb translation; for emendations, see ''The Jewish people in the first century. Historical geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions.'' Ed. by S. Safrai and M. Stern in co-operation with D. Flusser and W. C. van Unnik, Vol II, p. 1081, and Oldfather's translation of Pliny (Derceto).</ref>
== Iba pang babasahon ==
** Aken, Dr. A.R.A. van. (1961). ''Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie''. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
** Bartelink, Dr. G.J.M. (1988). ''Prisma van de mythologie''. Utrecht: Het Spectrum.
== Mga toltolan ==
<references />
{{Tamboan}}
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{{Infobox award
| name = Ika-71 Gawad Palanca
| main = {{nowrap|[[Palanca Awards]]}}
| image =
| imagesize =
| date = Nobyembre 27, 2023
| location = [[Philippine International Convention Center]], [[Pasay City]], [[Filipinas]]
| host =
| most_wins =
| previous = [[Gawad Palanca 2022|2022]]
| next = [[Gawad Palanca 2024 Palanca|2024]]
}}
An '''Ika-71 Don Carlos Palanca Gawad Memorial para sa Literatura''' ginibo kan Nobyembre 27, 2023, sa [[Philippine International Convention Center]]<ref>https://www.adobomagazine.com/advertising-awards/71st-palanca-awards-holds-ceremony-at-historical-picc/</ref> sa [[Pasay City]] sa pagromdom ki Don Carlos Palanca Sr. paagi nin paghingowa na maigantad an edukasyon asin kultura sa nasyon.<ref>[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history History of Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826122037/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history |date=2024-08-26 }} Palanca Awards</ref>
Bilang total na 54 parasurat, 30 kaini primerong kag-resibi,<ref>https://www.bworldonline.com/arts-and-leisure/2023/11/29/560167/newcomers-make-up-over-half-of-this-years-palanca-winners/</ref> an nagkapirili bilang kagresibing premyo ngonyan na taon. An bilang total na may gawad na kategorya uminabot sa 20. Si Luis P. Gatmaitan, M.D., resipyente kan Palanca Awards Hall of Fame kan 2005, iyo an Huwesped asin Tagataram<ref>https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/12/02/23/dok-gatmaitan-binahagi-ang-karanasan-bilang-manunulat</ref> sa seremonya nin paggawad.<ref>https://philstarlife.com/geeky/562249-71st-palanca-awards-winners?page=5</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://brv.com.ph/71st-palanca-awards-holds-ceremony-at-historical-picc/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |archive-date=2024-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424092437/https://brv.com.ph/71st-palanca-awards-holds-ceremony-at-historical-picc/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1867112/56-writers-win-at-the-71st-palanca-awards?fbclid=IwAR1XqZ9KgqeV9uE_0RgsKYogj8aiayoFBH3ssW5C-2u70kRVrp2SsuxO-_c</ref><ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1867112/56-writers-win-at-the-71st-palanca-awards</ref>
'''LISTA NIN NANGGARANA'''
An 2023 na nanggarana nababanga sa apat na kategorya:
==Ingles na Dibisyon==
=== Halipot na Usipon ===
* Primer Premyo: Exie Abola, "Vile Creatures"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Ian Rosales Casocot, "Don't Follow Me, I Don't Even Know Where I'm Going"<ref>https://su.edu.ph/silliman-university-english-faculty-member-wins-multiple-2023-palanca-awards/</ref>
* Ikatolong Premyo: Katrina Torralba, "Amadito and Amanda"<ref>https://vogue.ph/lifestyle/kate-torralba-wins-a-palanca-award-for-her-first-short-story/</ref>
== Halipot na Usipon Pan-aki ===
* Primerong premyo: No Winner
* Ikaduwang premyo: Jonny Bernal Pornel, "The Legend of Ipot-Ipot"
* Ikatolong premyo: Elvie Victonette Razon-Gonzalez, "The Race to Uswag"
=== Saysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Rio Renato Pulido Constantino, "The Year of the Periwinkle"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Russell Stanley Geronimo, "Profile of a Stateless Person: Notes on a Deportation Proceeding"
* Ikatolong Premyo Prize: Francine Marquez, "Normalizing Survival"
=== Rawitdawit ===
* Primer Premyo: Patricia Mariya Shishikura, "Translating Wildfires"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Vince Raphael Agcaoili, "Carrying"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Michael Maniquiz, "Lou Reed Meets Delmore Schwartz at a Bar"
=== Rawitdawit Pan-aki ===
* Primerong Premyo: John Patrick Solano, "Odd Numbers"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Ian Rosales Casocot, "Bisaya for All That We Gugma"<ref>https://www.sunstar.com.ph/bacolod/su-english-educator-wins-multiple-palanca-awards</ref>
* Ikatolong Premyo: Simone Marie Sales, "Paper Planes"
=== Sarong-tagbo' na drama ===
* Primer Premyo: Randy Q. Villanueva, "Neneng"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Ian Rosales Casocot, "The Midsummer of Manuel Arguilla"<ref>https://digicastnegros.com/su-english-faculty-member-winsmultiple-2023-palanca-awards/</ref>
* Ikatolong Premyo: Rossielle Sarabia Manicad, "My Lover's Presscon"
=== Dramang Hustong Laba ===
* Primer Premyo: Miguel Antonio Alfredo Luarco, "Dogsblood"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: No Winner
* Ikatolong Premyo: No Winner
==Dibisyon sa Filipino==
=== Maikling Kwento ===
* Primer Premyo: Peter Solis Nery, "Ang Tariktik"<ref>https://philstarlife.com/geeky/934484-palanca-hall-of-famer-award-winning-writings?page=2</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jay Jomar Quintos, "Buwaya"
* Ikatlong Premyo: Ella Jane Hermonio, "Boses Pusa"
=== Maikling Kwentong Pambata ===
* First Prize: Jaylord Losabia, "Si Toyo at si Suka"
* Second Prize: Mikka Ann Cabangon, "Si Liya at ang Dapithapon sa Ilaya"
* Third Prize: Iza Maria Reyes, "Babasagin, Babasagin"
=== Sanaysay ===
* First Prize: Kimberly Rose Pillo, "Kung Paanong Nagmukha Akong Sponge sa Harap ng mga Pinggan"
* Second Prize: Al Joseph Lumen, "Auslander: Mga Danas sa Alemanya"
* Third Prize: Edward Joseph Fernandez, "Ako ay si Ako Nga"
=== Tula ===
* First Prize: Mikael de Lara Co, "Epistolaryo ng Bagamundo at ang Tugon ng Multo"
* Second Prize: Rogelio dela Rosa Jr., "Ang Hindi Maiwasang Patlang"
* Third Prize: Ralph Lorenz Fonte, "Ex Novo Mvndo"
=== Tulang Pambata ===
* First Prize: Dexter Gragasin, "Tutula, Tutuli, Tutulo"
* Second Prize: Genaro Gojo Cruz, "Ako, Mga Tulang Pambata"
* Third Prize: Keisiah Dawn Tiaoson, "Tugma ng Buhay Kong Payak"
=== Dulang May Isang Yugto ===
* First Prize: Eljay Castro Deldoc, "Ang Lipnayan ng Ating Mga Katawan"
* Second Prize: Dan Ian Paulo Mariposque, "The Divine Family"
* Third Prize: Dustin Edward Celestino, "Fermata"
=== Dulang Ganap ang Haba ===
* First Prize: Miguel Antonio Alfredo Luarca, "Nekropolis"
* Second Prize: Christian Vallez, "Pingkian"
* Third Prize: Joshua Lim So, "Atin ang Panahon"
=== Dulang Pampelikula ===
* First Prize: Jonathan Jurilla, "Love Child"
* Second Prize: Jimmy F. Flores and Emmanuel Q. Palo, "Elehiya"
* Third Prize: Raymund T. Barcelon, "Beki Naman"
==Ronang Dubisyon==
=== Halipot na Usipon [Cebuano] ===
* First Prize: Neile Genica Sy, "Lenteng Pilokilay"
* Second Prize: John Dante, "Ang Magsusulat nga Haduol na sa Kamatayon"
* Third prize: CD Borden, "Alindasay"
=== Halipot na Usipon [Hiligaynon] ===
* First Prize: Ritchie D. Pagunsan, "Kauhaw sa Tingadlaw"
* Second Prize: Alvin Larida, "Lola Violeta"
* Third Prize: Serafin I. Plotria Jr., "Puno Sang Aligotgot"
=== Halipot na Usipon [Iluko] ===
* First Prize: Rodolfo D. Agatep Jr., "Diro Ti Disierto"
* Second Prize: Jorge Richard Guerrero, "Idiay Langit, Awan Lanit"
* Third Prize: Clarito de Francia, "Piglatan"
==Dibisyon Pan-aki==
=== Kabataan Essay ===
* First Prize: Francis Roberto San Antonio Sevillena, "Living on Play in a World on Pause"
* Second Prize: Glorious Zahara Exylin Alesna, "The Bully is You"<ref>https://www.wheninmanila.com/two-13-year-old-twins-are-among-the-winners-of-the-longest-running-literary-competition-in-the-philippines/</ref>
* Third Prize: Rheyn Khrieztine Dela Peña, "Five More Minutes, Please"
=== Kabataan Sanaysay ===
* First Prize: No Winner
* Second Prize: Amancio Caponpon V, "Aranya sa Kisame"
* Third Prize: Glorious Zavannah Exylin Alesna, "Sa Panahon ng Bagabag at Balisa: Paghagilap sa Pira-Pirasong Retaso ng Hinahon at Pa(g)hinga"
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
== Mga panluwas na takod ==
*[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923223528/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/Testing3/uncategorized/66th-palanca-awards-winners/ |date=2016-09-23 }}
{{Palanca Awards}}
[[Kategorya:Gawad PalancaPalanca|2023]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2023 na literarypng gawad|Palanca]]
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{{Infobox award
| name = Ika-70ng Gawad Palanca
| main = {{nowrap|[[Palanca Awards]]}}
| image =
| imagesize =
date = Nobyembre 30, 2022
| location = [[Marquis Events Place]], [[Bonifacio Global City, Taguig]], [[Philippines]]
| host =
| most_wins =
| previous = [[Gawad Palanca 2019|2019]]
| next = [[Gawad Palanca 2023|2023]]
}}
An Ika-70ng Don Carlos Palanca Gawad Memorial para sa Literatura ginibo kan Nobyembre 30, 2022, sa [[Marquis Events Place in Bonifacio Global City]] sa [[Taguig]] sa pagromdom ki Don Carlos Palanca Sr. paagi nin paghingowa na maigantad an edukasyon asin kultura sa nasyon.<ref>[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history History of Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826122037/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history |date=2024-08-26 }} Palanca Awards</ref> An seremonyang tradisyonal nagibo naman pakaloktaw nin duwang taon gibo kan pandemyang COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/arts-and-culture/2022/12/05/2228495/post-pandemic-creative-renewal | title=Post-pandemic creative renewal | website=[[The Philippine STAR]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/05/27/public-square/palanca-awards-to-resume-this-year/1845110 | title=Palanca Awards to resume this year | website=[[The Manila Times]] | date=27 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/arts-and-leisure/2022/12/02/490773/palanca-winners-recognized-after-two-year-hiatus/ | title=Palanca winners recognized after two-year hiatus | website=[[BusinessWorld]] | date=2 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2022/3/20/Palanca-Awards-returns-after-two-years-.html | title=Palanca Awards returns for 70th edition after two-year hiatus | access-date=2023-05-19 | archive-date=2023-05-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519124947/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2022/3/20/Palanca-Awards-returns-after-two-years-.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Total nin 59 parasurat, 28 kaini primerong panggana, an nagkapirili sa ngonyan na taon na mga resipyente. An total na bilang na kategorya sa pagsurat nag'abot 22, na an kategorya sa Nobela bukas ngonyan na taon na igwang sorpresang Espesyal na Premyo para sa lambang saro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/438061/writing-as-revolutionary-act-70-cycles-of-the-palanca-awards/|title=Writing as revolutionary act: 70 cycles of the Palanca Awards|date=January 15, 2023|website=Lifestyle.INQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://philippinesgraphic.com.ph/2022/12/01/70th-palanca-awards-holds-annual-ceremony-to-honor-winners/ | title=70th Palanca Awards holds annual ceremony to honor winners | date=December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://republicasiamedia.com/59-writers-poets-playwrights-get-palanca-awards/ | title=59 writers, poets, playwrights get Palanca awards | date=30 November 2022 | access-date=26 April 2024 | archive-date=22 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522141058/https://republicasiamedia.com/59-writers-poets-playwrights-get-palanca-awards/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/12/02/news/palanca-awards-returns-honors-nearly-60-writers/1868659 | title=Palanca Awards returns, honors nearly 60 writers | website=[[The Manila Times]] | date=2 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/853145/here-are-the-winners-of-the-70th-palanca-awards/story/ | title=Here are the winners of the 70th Palanca Awards | date=30 November 2022 }}</ref>Si Dr. Nicanor G. Tiongson Huwesped de Honor asin Tagataram sa ngonyan na taon nin pansereonyang paggawad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/literature/full-list-winners-palanca-awards-2022/|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Palanca Awards 2022|date=December 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/12/05/70th-palanca-awards-holds-annual-ceremony-to-honor-winners/ | title=70th Palanca Awards holds annual ceremony to honor winners | website=[[BusinessMirror]] | date=5 December 2022 }}</ref>
'''LISTA Nin Mga Nanggarana'''
An 2022 nin mga nanggarana binaranga' sa apat na kategorya:
==Ingles na Dibisyon==
=== Nobela ===
* Gran na Premyo: Raymundo T. Pandan, Jr., ''Bittersweetland''<ref>{{cite web|last=Varsity |first=Institutional |url=https://usls.edu.ph/news/view/Atty-Raymundo-Pandan-Jr-wins-Palanca-Award-for-novel-Bittersweetland |title=University of St. La Salle |publisher=Usls.edu.ph |date= |accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://visayandailystar.com/bacolod-lawyer-commended-for-palanca-award/ | title=Bacolod lawyer commended for Palanca Award | date=10 November 2022 }}</ref>
* Espesyal na Premyo: Alvin Dela Serna Lopez, ''1762''
=== Halipot na Usipon ===
* Primer Premyo: Ian Rosales Casocot, "Ceferina in Apartment 2G"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://su.edu.ph/su-writer-wins-palanca-award/|title=SU writer wins Palanca award}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thepost.net.ph/news/campus/silliman-u-prof-wins-first-prize-in-2022-palanca-awards/ | title=Silliman U Prof Wins First Prize in 2022 Palanca Awards }}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Alexis Abola, "Ardor"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Hammed Bolotaolo, "The Money Changer"
=== Halipot na Usipon Pang-aki ===
* Primer Premyo: No Winner
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Elyrah L. Salanga-Torralba, "Cloud Keeper"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Heather Ann Ferrer Pulido, "My Grandma Who Lives in Half a House"
=== Saysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Alfonso Tomas P. Araullo, "Letter from Tawi-Tawi"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/853148/atom-araullo-on-winning-a-palanca-award-for-the-first-time-it-s-an-absolute-milestone/story/|title=Atom Araullo on winning a Palanca Award for the first time: 'It's an absolute milestone'|author=Hermes Joy S. Tunac|date=November 30, 2022|website=GMA News Online}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Michaela Sarah De Leon, "Filipino Millennial Monomyth"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Alexandra Francesca A. Bichara, "The Helmsman's Daughter"
=== Rawitdawit ===
* First Prize: Ramil Digal Gulle, "Bol-anon Prodigal"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theboholtribune.com/2022/12/04/boholano-wins-first-prize-for-poetry-in-palanca-awards-2/|title=Boholano wins first prize for poetry in Palanca awards|first=The Bohol|last=Tribune|date=December 3, 2022}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Oremyo: Soleil David, "A Few Dawns from Now, A Sunfish"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Lawrence Anthony R. Bernabe, "The Blueline"
=== Rawitdawit na Pan-aki. ===
* Primer Premyo: Elyrah L. Salanga-Torralba, "An Empty Chair in the Corner"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Peter Solis Nery, "Picnic, Symphony and Other Concepts a 4th Grader Needs to Know"<ref>https://www.panaynews.net/palanca-awards-2023/</ref>
* Ikatolong Premyo: Mayong Nanggana
=== Sarong-aktong Draama ===
* Primer Premyo: Ronald S. Covar, "The Cave Dwellers"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Bonifacio P. Ilagan, "Salvaged Eman"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Maria Kristine B. Roxas-Miller, "Agencia Feliz"
=== Dramang Hustong Laba ===
* Primer Premyo: Layeta P. Bucoy, "Orgullo Compound"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.uplb.edu.ph/all-news/playwright-wins-6th-and-7th-palanca/|title=Playwright wins 6th and 7th Palanca|first=Kristine|last=Araguas|date=November 23, 2022|access-date=April 26, 2024|archive-date=October 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001182208/https://old.uplb.edu.ph/all-news/playwright-wins-6th-and-7th-palanca/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jay Mariano Crisostomo IV, "Black Bordello"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Dustin Edward D. Celestino, "The Lost Filipino Patriots of America"
==Filipinong Division==
=== Nobela ===
* Gran na Premyo: Khavn, ''ANTIMARCOS''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://philstarlife.com/geeky/291445-list-70th-palanca-awards-winners | title=LIST: The biggest winners at the 70th Palanca Awards }}</ref>
* Espesyal na Premyo: Edgar Calabia Samar, ''Teorya ng Unang Panahon''
=== Maikling Kwento ===
* Primer Premyo: Charmaine M. Lasar, "Ang Value ng X Kapag Choppy si Mam"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Abegail E. Pariente, "Barangay Alitaptap"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Alec Joshua B. Paradeza, "Kung sa Bawat Pagtawag ay Pagtawid sa Dagat"
=== Maikling Kwentong Pambata ===
* Primer Premyo: Mark Norman S. Boquiren, "Si VeRaptor1 Laban kay Trolakuz"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ateneo.edu/news/2022/12/08/norman-boquirens-childrens-story-first-prize-winner-carlos-palanca-award | title=Norman Boquiren's children's story is first prize winner of Carlos Palanca award | News }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thepost.net.ph/news/campus/ue-caloocan-alumnus-wins-first-prize-in-2022-palanca-awards/ | title=Ue Caloocan Alumnus Wins First Prize in 2022 Palanca Awards }}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Wilfredo Farrales Sarangaya, "Balong Batsit, ang Bidang Bulilit at Bayaning Bulinggit"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Benedick N. Damaso, "Mirasol para kay Lola Sol"
=== Sanaysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Venice Kayla Dacanay Delica, "Kung Magkapalad Ka't Mangmang"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jhon Lester P. Sandigan, "Tatlong Pancit Canton"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Nathaniel R. Alcantara, "Isang Dekadang Kontrata sa Piling ng mga Mikrobyo"
=== Tula ===
* Primer Premyo: Ralph Lorenz G. Fonte, "Uyayi ng mga Patay na Buwan"<ref>https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/12/01/22/abs-cbn-scriptwriters-bag-palanca-literature-award</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Enrique S. Villasis, "Pintula"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Sonny C. Sendon, "Mga Anino sa Guho at Iba Pang Mga Tula"
=== Tulang Pambata ===
* Primer Premyo: Christian R. Vallez, "Tula, Tula, Paano ka Ginawa?"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Rebecca T. Anonuevo, "Ale Bangbang"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ninia H. dela Cruz, "Mga Pahina sa Alaala ng Nanay"
=== Dulang May Isang Yugto ===
* Primer Premyo: Andrew Bonifacio L. Clete, "Punks Not Dead"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Layeta P. Bucoy, "Dance of the Foolies"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ryan Machado, "Huling Haraya nina Ischia at Emeteria"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cas.upm.edu.ph/blog/2022/11/09/dac-faculty-member-wins-third-prize-award-for-the-dulang-may-isang-yugto-category-of-the-2022-carlos-palanca-memorial-awards-for-literature/ | title=DAC Faculty Member Wins Third Prize Award for the Dulang May Isang Yugto Category of the 2022 Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature – College of Arts and Sciences }}</ref>
=== Dulang Ganap ang Haba ===
* Primer Premyo: Joshua Lim So, "Mga Silid ng Unos: Tomo Uno"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Rodolfo C. Vera, "Anak Datu"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Steven Prince C. Fernandez, "Badung"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ipagarts.com/ipag-director-wins-2nd-palanca/ | title=IPAG Director wins 2nd Palanca – Integrated Performing Arts Guild | date=5 December 2022 | access-date=26 April 2024 | archive-date=23 January 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123083341/https://ipagarts.com/ipag-director-wins-2nd-palanca/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
=== Dulang Pampelikula ===
* Primer Premyo: Avelino Mark C. Balmes, Jr., "Amoy Pulbos"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Noreen Besmar Capili, "DOS"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ehdison M. Dimen, "Ang Pananalangin sa Getsemani"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2022/12/01/236300/one-half-of-the-poor-traveler-blogger-wins-first-carlos-palanca-award/ | title=One half of 'The Poor Traveler' blogger wins first Carlos Palanca Award | date=December 2022 }}</ref>
==Dibisyon Rehiyonal==
=== Halipot na Usipon [Cebuano] ===
* Primer Premyo: Noel P. Tuazon, "Barang"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Manu Avenido, "Ikigai"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Januar E. Yap, "John Wayne ug ang Goldfish kong Inahan"
=== Halipot na Usipon [Hiligaynon] ===
* Primer Premyo: Peter Solis Nery, "Ang Macatol Kag Ang Queen of Relief"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://politics.com.ph/2022/11/07/iloilos-pride-peter-nery-wins-top-palanca-awards/ | title=Iloilo's pride Peter Nery wins top Palanca awards | date=7 November 2022 }}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Early Sol A. Gadong, "Malipayon nga Katapusan"<ref>(December 5, 2022) [https://www.dailyguardian.com.ph/prof-gadong-receives-4th-palanca-win-for-her-short-story-in-hiligaynon/ Prof. Gadong receives 4th Palanca win for her short story in Hiligaynon] ''Daily Guardian''</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.upv.edu.ph/index.php/news/prof-gadong-receives-4th-palanca-win-for-her-short-story-in-hiligaynon | title=Prof. Gadong receives 4th Palanca win for short story in Hiligaynon | date=December 2022 }}</ref>
* Ikatolong Premyo: Ritchie D. Pagunsan, "Esperanza"
=== Halipot na Usipon [Iluko] ===
* Primer Premyo: Oswald Ancheta Valente, "Ti Kimat Ken Ti Silag"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Remedios S. Tabelisma-Aguillon, "Ti Ubing"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Rodolfo D. Agatep Jr., "Karton"
==Kabataan Division==
=== Kabataan Essay ===
* Primer Premyo: Glorious Zahara Exylin C. Alesna, "Home is a Bowl of Warm Soup"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jenine A. Santos, "Covid-19 is My Alter Ego"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Gavin Micah T. Herrera, "The Social Pandemic"
=== Kabataan Sanaysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Glorious Zavannah Exylin C. Alesna, "Pamimintana"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Hansly Kendrich C. Saw, "Ang Larong Naipanalo Ko"
* Ikatolong Premyo: John Clarence D. Espedido, "Mga Bantas ang Nagsilbi kong Guro"
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
== Panluwas na takod ==
*[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923223528/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/Testing3/uncategorized/66th-palanca-awards-winners/ |date=2016-09-23 }}
{{Palanca Awards}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Gawad Palanca|2022]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2022 na literaryong gawadliterary awards|Palanca]]
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Gawad Palanca 2018
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{{Infobox award
| name = 68th Palanca Awards
| main = {{nowrap|[[Palanca Awards]]}}
| image =
| imagesize =
| date = October 5, 2018
| location = [[The Peninsula Manila]], [[Makati]], [[Philippines]]
| host =
| most_wins =
| previous = [[2017 Palanca Awards|2017]]
| next = [[2019 Palanca Awards|2019]]
}}
An Ika-68ng Don Carlos Palanca Gawad Memorial para sa Literatura ginibo kan Oktobre 5, 2018, sa [[The Peninsula Manila]] sa [[Makati]] sa pagromdom ki Don Carlos Palanca Sr. paagi nin paghingowa na maigantad an edukasyon asin kultura sa nasyon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history |access-date=2024-04-27 |archive-date=2024-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826122037/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/index.php/history |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://philippinesgraphic.com.ph/2018/10/21/68th-palanca-awards-winners-feted/|title=68th Palanca Awards winners feted|date=October 21, 2018}}</ref> Total nin 54 parasurat, 28 kaini ngonyan sana nanggarana, an nagkapirili sa presenteng taon na ripondipon nin nanggarana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelasallian.com/2018/10/11/palanca-awards-2018-a-guiding-star-in-the-artistic-night/|title=Palanca Awards 2018: A Guiding Star in the Artistic Night|date=October 11, 2018|access-date=April 27, 2024|archive-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519125644/https://thelasallian.com/2018/10/11/palanca-awards-2018-a-guiding-star-in-the-artistic-night/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/business-world/20181010/282016148280806|title=Complete list of winners 2018 Palanca Awards|via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/670260/full-list-winners-of-the-68th-carlos-palanca-memorial-awards-for-literature/story/|title=FULL LIST: Winners of the 68th Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature|first=Aya|last= Tantiangco |date=October 5, 2018|website=GMA News Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.upm.edu.ph/node/2543|title="68th Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature Winners 2018" (Panitikan.PH) | University of the Philippines Manila|website=www.upm.edu.ph|access-date=2024-04-27|archive-date=2023-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522115226/https://www.upm.edu.ph/node/2543|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si Alfred “Krip” Yuson iyo an Huwesped de Honor asin Tagataram sa ngonyan na seremonya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/213625-list-palanca-awards-2018-winners/|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Palanca Awards 2018|date=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adobomagazine.com/global-news/winning-writers-celebrated-at-68th-palanca-awards-ceremony/|title=Winning writers celebrated at 68th Palanca Awards ceremony|first=adobo|last=magazine|date=October 8, 2018}}</ref>
'''LISTA NIN NANGGARANA'''
An 2018 na nanggarana nababaranga sa apat na mga kategorya:
==Ingles na Dibisyon==
=== Halipot na Usipon ===
* Primer Premyo: Joe Bert Lazarte, “Describe the Rapture”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adamson.edu.ph/v1/?page=view-news&newsid=1610 |title=Adamson University |publisher=Adamson.edu.ph |date= |accessdate=2023-05-24}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Francis Paolo M. Quina, “Pigs”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Matthew Jacob F. Ramos, “The Final Bullet”
=== Halipot na Usipon Pan-aki ===
* Primer Premyo: No Winner
* Ikaduwang Premyo: No Winner
* Ikatolong Premyo: Maryrose Jairene Cruz-Eusebio, “I have Two Mothers”
=== Saysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Jefry Canoy, “Buhay Pa Kami: Dispatches from Marawi”<ref>https://news.abs-cbn.com/specials/dispatches-from-marawi</ref><ref>https://www.abs-cbn.com/newsroom/news-releases/2018/9/21/abs-cbn-news-jeff-canoy-wins-palanca-cannes-awar?lang=en</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Ronnie E. Baticulon, “Some Days You Can’t Save Them All”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ronibats.ph/2018/what-a-palanca-means-to-this-doctor/|title=What a Palanca Means to This Doctor|first=Ron|last=Baticulon|date=October 7, 2018}}</ref>
* Ikatolong Premyo: Chuck D. Smith, “Origin Story”
=== Rawitdawit ===
* Primer Premyo: Rodrigo V. Dela Peña Jr., “Self-portrait with Plastic Bag”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70Qr1Cby1EU|title=3 Poems at the Palanca Awards 2018|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Shane Carreon, “The Gods who Dissolved Under Our Tongues and Other Poems”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Jose Luis B. Pablo, “To Desire in Liturgy”
=== Rawitdawit para sa mga Aki ===
* Primer Premyo: Maria Amparo Nolasco Warren, “Lola Elina Maria’s Savory-Sweet Cookbook of Poetry”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Sigrid Marianne P. Gayangos, “Of Monsters, Math and Magic”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Roselle Eloise B. Bunayog, “Brave, Undying Warriors”
=== Sarong-tagbo' na Drama ===
* Primer Premyo: Katrina M. Bonillo, "Burying Mamang in Sugar"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Joe Bert Lazarte, "Senator Pancho Aunor’s Blue Balls of Despair and Disillusionment"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Luciano Sonny O. Valencia, "Leavings"
=== Dramang Hustong Laba ===
* Primer Premyo: Beryl Andrea P. Delicana, "Mango Tree"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Patrick James M. Valera, "Symphony"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Dominique La Victoria, "Toward the Fires of Revolution"
==Filipinong Dibisyon==
=== Maikling Kwento ===
* Primer Premyo: Eugene C. Soyosa, “Gina”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Andrew A. Estacio, “Ang Kanonisasyon ng mga Santa Santino”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Luna Sicat Cleto, “Tatlong Proposisyon ng Puting Hangin”
=== Maikling Kwentong Pambata ===
* Primer Premyo: Jerwin Eileen G.C. Tarnate, "Ang Higad at ang Paru-paro"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Eugene Y. Evasco, "Siyap ng Isang Sisiw"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Early Sol A. Gadong, “Maraming-Maraming-Marami”
=== Sanaysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Gil A. Dulon Amoral Jr., “Ang Siyensya Subalit May Boses Din Ang Mga Maso”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Adelma L. Salvador, “Kambak-kambak”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Iza Maria G. Reyes, “Hindi Ako Dalisay”
=== Tula ===
* Primer Premyo: Paul Alcoseba Castillo, “Luna’t Lunas”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ust.edu.ph/five-ust-national-writers-workshop-writing-fellows-win-in-2018-palanca-awards/|title=Five UST National Writers' Workshop Writing Fellows win in 2018 Palanca Awards -|first=Hans|last=Malgapu|date=November 24, 2018}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Mark Anthony S. Angeles, “Ang Babae sa Balangiga at iba pang Tula”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Noel Galon, “Ang Bata sa Panahon ng Ligalig: Mga Tula sa loob at labas ng Bayan ng San Diego”
=== Tulang Pambata ===
* Primer Premyo: Paterno B. Baloloy Jr, “Paumanhin ng Kuting”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Will P. Ortiz, “Himbing na Kuting at iba pang Tula sa Ilalim ng Araw”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Noel P. Tuazon, “Klik Madyik”
=== Dulang may Isang Yugto ===
* Primer Premyo: Michelle Josephine G. Rivera, "Kaharian ng Pinto"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Maynard Gonzales Manansala, "Tao Po"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Allan B. Lopez, "River Lethe"
=== Dulang Ganap ang Haba ===
* Primer Premyo: No Winner
* Ikaduwang Premyo: No Winner
* Ikatolong Premyo: Rolin Cadallo Obina San Nicolas, "Ang Sarsuwela"
=== Dulang Pampelikula ===
* Primer Premyo: James Ladioray, "11 Septembers"
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Arden Rod B. Condez, "John Denver Trending"
* Ikatolong Premyo: Andrian M. Legaspi, "Pandanggo sa Hukay"
==Dibisiyon Rehiyonal==
=== Halipot na Usipon [Cebuano] ===
* Primer Premyo: Januar E. Yap, “Baradero”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1769281/cebu/lifestyle/winning-writers-celebrated-at-68th-palanca-awards-ceremony|title=Winning writers celebrated at 68th Palanca Awards ceremony|date=October 15, 2018|website=SUNSTAR}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Dave T. Pregoner, “Sunog”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Leoncio P. Deriada, “Dili Baya Ko Bugoy”<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.iloilotoday.com/father-daughter-authors-bag-prizes-a/|title=Iloilo Father-Daughter authors bag prizes at 68th Palanca Awards|first=Iloilo|last=Today|date=October 25, 2018}}</ref>
=== Halipot na Usipon [Hiligaynon] ===
* Primer Premyo: Early Sol A. Gadong, “Sa Lum-ok Sang Imo Suso”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/311479/68th-palanca-memorial-awards-are-a-reminder-of-the-role-of-the-writer-in-these-trying-times/|title=68th Palanca Memorial Awards are a reminder of the role of the writer in these trying times|date=October 28, 2018|website=Lifestyle.INQ}}</ref>
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Alice Tan Gonzales, “Haya”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Dulce Maria V. Deriada, “Candelaria”<ref name="auto"/>
=== Halipot na Usipon [Iluko] ===
* Primer Premyo: Ariel Sotelo, “Tabag Gasanggasat”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Paul Blanco Zafaralla, “Sarming”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Jaime M. Agpalo Jr., “Nakakidem-a-Simumulagat”
==Kabataan na Dibisyon==
=== Kabataan Essay ===
* Primer Premyo: Floriane T. Taruc, “Worlds Behind Words”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jaz Varon Villanueva, “Boundless”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Jana Gillian Ang, “A Passage to Reading”
=== Kabataan Sanaysay ===
* Primer Premyo: Jack Lorenz Acebedo Rivera, “Paglaya Mula sa Pagtakas”
* Ikaduwang Premyo: Jacob Renz R. Ambrocio, “Sino ang Lumansag sa Lunday ni Lola Basyang?”
* Ikatolong Premyo: Maria Jamaica S. Columbres, “Gulugod sa Pagsibol ng Binhi”
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
== Panluwas na takod ==
*[http://www.palancaawards.com.ph Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923223528/http://www.palancaawards.com.ph/Testing3/uncategorized/66th-palanca-awards-winners/ |date=2016-09-23 }}
{{Mga Gawad Palanca}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Gawad Palanca|2022]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2018 na literaryong gawad|Palanca]]
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Alice Guo
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{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| image =
| caption =
| name = Alice Leal Guo
| office = Alkalde kan [[Bamban]], [[Tarlac]]
| predecessor = Jose Antonio Feliciano
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}}
| 1namedata1 = Leonardo Anunciacion
| term_start = Hunyo 30, 2022
|birth_name = Guo Huaping|birth_date={{birth date and age|1990|8|31}}|birth_place=[[Fujian]], [[Tsina]]|known_for=Alice Leal Guo|
| party = [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (since 2023)<ref name="npc">{{cite news |last1=Domingo |first1=Katrina |title=Will Alice Guo run under Marcos Jr. slate in 2025 elections? |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/5/18/will-alice-guo-run-under-marcos-jr-slate-in-2025-elections-053 |access-date=May 19, 2024 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=May 19, 2024}}</ref>
| otherparty = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (sagkod kan 2023)
| occupation = Negosyante, politiko
| module = {{Chinese|child=yes|t=郭華萍|s=郭华萍|p=Guō Huápíng|poj=Kok Hôa-phêng}}
}}
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Si '''Alice Leal Guo'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Certified List of Candidates (MUNICIPAL)|url=https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2022NLE/TentativeListsofCandidates/R3/TARLAC/BAMBAN.pdf|access-date=May 13, 2024|publisher=[[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|Commission on Elections]]}}</ref> ({{lang-zh|郭華萍<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 15, 2024 |title=華文報賀郭華萍廣告惹關注|trans-title=Chinese newspaper ad congratulating Guo Huaping attracts attention|url=https://www.shangbao.com.ph/fgyw/2024/05-15/158803.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=[[Chinese Commercial News]] |language=zh}}</ref>}}) iyo an sarong negosyante asin politiko sa [[Filipinas]] nagsisirbe bilang alkalde kan munisipalidad kan [[Bamban]], [[Tarlac]], poon kaidtong Hunyo 30, 2022.
Sa pahayag kan National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), kan Filipinas, si Alice Guo asin an sarong Tsino nag-ngangaran na Guo Hua Ping saro mansanang tawo huli ta nagsubong gayo an saindang "fingerprints". <ref>https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/06/29/2366451/nbi-explains-infallible-science-behind-fingerprint-identification-mayor-guo. Kinua 2024-08-26.</ref>. Kaya si Senador [[Win Gatchalian]] nagtaram na daing kaduda-duda si Alice Guo bakong Filipino asin dai dapat magtukaw bilang alkalde kan Bamban, Tarlac.<ref> https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce784jggye1o?sfnsn=scwspmo.Kinua 2024-08-26.</ref>
==Nakadamay sa POGO==
Sa sarong pormal na pagsiyasat kan Komite nin [[Senado nin Filipinas|Senado]], si Guo sinasabi na [[Risa Hontiveros]] asin [[Win Gatchalian]] may koneksyon asin nadadamay sa mga aktibidad ilegal kan mga POGO [[Philippine Offshore Gaming Operator#2023–2024 Bamban raids|kan mag-raid sa Bamban]] kan 2023 asin 2024. An saiya pang pagka-namamamwaan bilang Filipino [[Filipino citizenship]] pinagkekwestyon asin pinagdududahan asin sa presente pigimbebestigaran na huli ta dai surubo asin nagkakasarungat mga simbag ni Guo sa saiyang testimonya asin kun ikompara sa mga dokumento.<ref name=manabat7/><ref name="Bajo">{{Cite news |last=Bajo |first=Anna Felicia |date=May 16, 2024 |title=Marcos says other politicians in Tarlac don't know Alice Guo |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/907014/marcos-says-other-politicians-in-tarlac-don-t-know-alice-guo/story/?just_in |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=GMA News Online |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516114620/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/907014/marcos-says-other-politicians-in-tarlac-don-t-know-alice-guo/story/?just_in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="osg" /> Kan Hulyo 2024, an mga asset ni Guo pinagpugolan na dai niya mado'tan asin aresto de mandamiento pigpaluwas kontra saiya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Beltran |first=Sam |date=2024-07-16 |title=Scandal deepens around Philippine fugitive mayor Alice Guo with freezing of assets |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3270636/scandal-deepens-around-philippine-fugitive-mayor-alice-guo-freezing-assets |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |archive-date=July 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716103839/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3270636/scandal-deepens-around-philippine-fugitive-mayor-alice-guo-freezing-assets |url-status=live }}</ref> Kun haen siya, sa presente dai naaraman.<ref name=":0" />
Alagad, sarong Immigratiion Lookout Bulletin Order (ILBO) pinaluwas na kontra ki Guo kan Hunyo 12, sakali magngata siya na magluwas sa nasyon. Asin an Department of Justice mapaluwas naman nin Hold Departure Order laban ki Guo.<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine-daily-inquirer-1109/20240626/281612425586239.Kinua 2024-08-15.</ref>
An Buro de Internas nagsangat na padagos nin kargo ki Guo sa pagsingil saiya nin Php 500,00sa sa dai pagbayad buwis kan si Guo ibenta an saiyang daga sa korporasyon na an mga stockholder mga Tsinong may rekord na kriminal.<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine-daily-inquirer-1109/20240626/281612425586239.Kinua 20-24-08-15.</ref>
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
==Mga panluwas na sumpay==
* {{commons category-inline}}
124fzwunfjc2eg2c0b9bit0lfdq9qsl
Hyundai Eon
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[[Ladawan:Hyundai Eon Front.jpg|thumb|Hyundai Eon 2012 model]]
An '''Hyundai Eon''' sarong awtong pang ciudad na pinoprodusir kan Sur Koreanong paragibo nin [[:en:Hyundai_Motor_Company|Hyundai]]. Tinugdas ini kan 13 Oktubre 2011 sa [[Indya|India]], Marso 2012 sa [[Filipinas|Pilipinas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topgear.com.ph/news/mias-2012-hari-launches-hyundai-eon|title=MIAS 2012: HARI Launches Hyundai Eon|publisher=Top Gear Philippines|date=2012-03-29|access-date=2012-04-09}}</ref> Hunyo 2012 sa [[Bietnam|Vietnam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietbao.vn/O-to-xe-may/Hyundai-Eon-oto-ti-hon-tai-Viet-Nam/12981164/350/|title=Hyundai Eon - ôtô "tí hon" tại Việt Nam|publisher=ViệtBáo.vn|date=2012-06-15|access-date=2012-09-22|archive-date=2014-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526053949/http://vietbao.vn/O-to-xe-may/Hyundai-Eon-oto-ti-hon-tai-Viet-Nam/12981164/350/|url-status=dead}}</ref> asin Hunyo 2014 sa [[Sri Lanka]]. Ipinabakal man ini sa Honduras, Nepal, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Chile, Peru, Panama, asin Colombia. Pigpundo ini sa India asin iba pang saodan kan 2019. Inaapod man ini na '''Hyundai Atos Eon''' sa magkapirang saodan.
An Eon ginibo sa India sa planta nin [[Chennai]] ni Hyundai para sa mga domestiko asin eksport na bakalan bilang palaog na awto kan kompanyang nasa ibaba kan [[:en:Hyundai_i10|Hyundai i10]] asin [[:en:Hyundai_Atos|Hyundai Atos]].<ref name="IndianAutoBlog2">{{cite web|url=http://indianautosblog.com/2013/08/hyundai-eon-facelift-spied-89965|title=Spied – Hyundai Eon facelift tests alongside the 2014 i10|author=Ravi, Anjan|publisher=Indian Auto Blog|date=2013-08-01|access-date=2013-08-12|archive-date=2013-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806114945/http://indianautosblog.com/2013/08/hyundai-eon-facelift-spied-89965|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ini pinaeksportar sana sa bilog na Latin Amerika, Aprika asin magkapirang nasyon sa Asya.
== Sumaryo ==
[[Ladawan:Hyundai_Eon_GL_2013_(14138357097).jpg|wala|thumb|Rear view]]
An Eon parehong dinisenyo sa tahaw kan mga sentro nin Hyundai R&D sa [[:en:Hwaseong,_Gyeonggi|Namyang]], [[:en:South_Korea|South Korea]],, asin [[:en:Hyderabad,_India|Hyderabad, India]].<ref name="wsj-eonbook">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204226204576602280085448162|title=Hyundai India to Open Eon Bookings Saturday|date=2011-09-30}}</ref><ref name="et-eonbook">{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/hyundais-alto-challenger-eon-bookings-to-open-from-october-1/articleshow/10182394.cms|title=Hyundai's Alto challenger Eon bookings to open from October 1|date=2011-09-30}}</ref> Idinulot igdi an 814 cc na makina sa pagproducir {{cvt|55|bhp|kW|disp=flip}} asin {{Cvt|75|Nm|kgm}} torque. Segun sa distributor kan Hyundai's [[:en:Philippines|Philippine]], igwa nin gatong ekonomiya an Eon na may 3.80 L/100 km (26.3 km/L.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drivespark.com/four-wheelers/2012/03-hyundai-eon-mileage-philippines-26-3-kmpl.html|title=Hyundai Eon's Mileage in Philippines 26.3kmpl|publisher=DriveSpark|date=2012-04-03|access-date=2012-04-12}}</ref> An kotse igwa nin 13-inch na ruweda na may laog na 155/70 R13.
Kan Enero 2012, an Hyundai India pig-anunsyo man an [[:en:Autogas|LPG]] na mga modelo nin Eon. An mga modelong ini igwa nin 34 L toroidal na tangke'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1400139928479.pdf|title=Hyundai Eon Brochure|publisher=Hyundai|location=India|access-date=2014-08-20}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>''' na may dagdag pang gastos sa promedyong IR 27,000 para sa makukuang modelo.
Kan Mayo 2014, si Hyunduni nagpaluwas nin bakông Eon kaiba an 1.0-litre Kappa II tulong makina man na tagapadalagan kan Europa Hyundi i10 asin Kia Pcanto. An motor nagprodusir nin kapangyarihan na sa 6,200 rpm asin pinakahalangkaw na karaba sa {{cvt|9.6|kgm|Nm|order=flip}} asin sa 3,500 na rpm.
Kan Abril 2017, nagbukas an Hyundi Asia Resources In inkorporado (HARI) kaini an Hyundii Assembly Center (HOC) sa [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]] tanganing managboan an nagkukusog na kahagadan kan Eon sa Filipinas. An planta nagbubunga man kan Hyundai Hi350.
=== Facelift ===
Kan bulanan na bentahan uminabot sa 10,000 yunit sa India, tinawan ni Hyundai nin hampang kan car an 2014 modelong taon.<ref name="IndianAutoBlog3">{{cite web|url=http://indianautosblog.com/2013/08/hyundai-eon-facelift-spied-89965|title=Spied – Hyundai Eon facelift tests alongside the 2014 i10|author=Ravi, Anjan|publisher=Indian Auto Blog|date=2013-08-01|access-date=2013-08-12|archive-date=2013-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806114945/http://indianautosblog.com/2013/08/hyundai-eon-facelift-spied-89965|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
2017 iyo an nagtanda sa pag'oltan kan Eon 'Sports Edition'. An 0.8 L limitadong modelo sa edisyon nagdagdag nin mga kasangkapan asin panurat na panayon sa Era+ asin Magna+ variant pigbase ini sa nakabase. An mga drowing sa Pollar White, panluwas na paorogan kaiba an pagmolde kan hawak asin hasang sa atop, mantang an interior nagkakaigwa nin {{Cvt|6.2|in|mm}} metros (6.2 pul) sungklay-dukot na sistema nin implatainment gamit an Phone-Link.<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-04-11|title=Hyundai Eon with touchscreen AVN launched in India|url=http://indianautosblog.com/2017/04/hyundai-eon-sports-edition-touchscreen-263565|access-date=2017-05-08|publisher=Indian Auto Blog}}</ref>
== Makina ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Mga Models<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1400139928479.pdf|title=Hyundai Eon Brochure|publisher=Hyundai|location=India|access-date=2014-08-20}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
!Pagkadisension (sa Ingles, modelo)
!Puwersa
!Torque
!SARONG Melehe
|-
|0.8 L.
|{{convert|814|cc|cuin||abbr=on}} I3 ([[:en:Hyundai_Epsilon_engine#G3HA|G3HG]])
|{{convert|56|PS|kW||abbr=on}}@5500 rpm
|{{convert|7.6|kgm|Nm||abbr=on|order=flip}} @ 4,000 rpm
|{{convert|21.1|km/L|mpgus||abbr=on}}
|-
|1.0 L.
|{{convert|998|cc|cuin||abbr=on}} I3 ([[:en:Hyundai_Kappa_engine#Kappa_II|Kappa II]])
|{{convert|69|PS|kW||abbr=on}}@6200 rpm
|{{convert|9.6|kgm|Nm||abbr=on|order=flip}} @ 3,500 rpm
|{{convert|20.3|km/L|mpgus||abbr=on}}
|}
== Kalikayan ==
[[Ladawan:Hyundai_Eon_Interior.jpg|wala|thumb|Sa laog]]
An mga Modelo na makukua sa Pilipinas (bago kan 2016 MY) pigtitindang obra sa sikat na GLS variant bako man sa Gawad nin GLX (natutukoy bilang 2016 MY. Minsan siring, sa saod nin India, an habagat kan drayber kaiyan iyo an pamantayan sa Sportz asin Magna+ (1.0 L) mga tradisyunal na nag - atender, asin opsional ki Era+ saka Magna+ (0.8 L) mga modelo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1491570827212.pdf|title=Hyundai Eon Brochure|publisher=Hyundai India|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2017-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517034128/http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1491570827212.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>Kan 2016, an mga bistadong nag-aarte kan Global NCAP iginawad sa Eon para sa Indya (na mayong airbag asin mayo nin ABS) na igwang 0-star na rating (simular sa Latin NCAP 2013). Dakul man igdi an napabakal sa merkado nin Indya kaya nakamit niya ining rangsod. Nakatatanggap an proteksiyon kan mga kriminal mantang nasa tahaw nin daga asin protektadong marhay sa tukawan.<ref name="Global NCAP2">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalncap.org/zero-stars-for-all-cars-in-latest-global-ncap-crash-tests/|title=Zero Stars For All Cars In Latest Global NCAP Crash Tests|publisher=Global NCAP|date=2016-05-17|access-date=2018-03-29|archive-date=2018-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044741/http://www.globalncap.org/zero-stars-for-all-cars-in-latest-global-ncap-crash-tests/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalncap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016-Hyundai-Eon-NO-Airbags.pdf|title=Hyundai Eon - Crash Test|publisher=Global NCAP|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2016-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527211611/http://www.globalncap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016-Hyundai-Eon-NO-Airbags.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Test'''
|'''Score'''
|-
|Adult occupant protection:
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|Child occupant protection:
| style="text-align:center;" |42%
|-
|Bodyshell Integrity:
| style="text-align:center;" |Unstable
|}
== Pagkadesksion ==
Kan Agosto 2018, si Hyundi Motor India Pvt. Ltd nagpaisi na an Eon mapondo sa katapusan kan Setyembre 2019, ta dai pig-aampoyonan kan awto an mga bagong regulasyon sa kaligtasan na ipigimplementar kan Oktubre 2019 asin an Bharat Stage VI emissions reglamentos na ipaootob kan Abril 2020. An kasalida kaini, an ikatulong henerasyon na Satro, ipinaluwas bago pa matapos an taon 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Auto/ylqz4G5nrMyy8nLDpWuHtI/Endofthe-roadfor-Eon-as-Hyundai-readiesfor-newsafety-no.html|title=Hyundai to discontinue Eon, replace it with new small car by Diwali|author=Ghosh, Malyaban|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=2018-08-01}}</ref>
An huring Hyundi Eon pigpalis an linya kan Mayo 3, 2019, sa Hyundai Asia Resources Inc. Manufacturing Plant in Santa Rosa, Laguna. An China-built Reina sedan nagseserbing kasalihid kan Eon sa saod kan Filipinas. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup>
== Toltolan ==
<references />
{{Tamboan}}{{Reflist}}
== Panluwas na mga takod ==
* {{Official website|https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/cars/eon}}
d94sl7xcrp525xfg24k4h1d0029my2z
Geraldine Javier
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'''Si Geraldine Javier''' sarong kontemporanyong [[Mga Pilipino|Filipina]] Visual Artist na an obra midbid na gayo sa saiyang obra na pinaghalo an pagpinta sa manlaen-laen na media, asin " ''binibisto bilang saro sa pinakabantog na mga artista sa Sur-subangan na Asya pareho sa kinaban nin akademya asin sa merkado nin arte.'' " <ref name="Arario2">"Geraldine Javier: In The Beginning..." http://www.arariogallery.co.kr/common/up_images/Exhibitions/pdf/exh_pdf_english_97.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075141/http://www.arariogallery.co.kr/common/up_images/Exhibitions/pdf/exh_pdf_english_97.pdf|date=2016-03-05}}</ref>
Siya nagin bantog kan 2003 kan maresibe niya an premyo na [[Sentrong Pangkultura kan Filipinas|Cultural Center of the Philippines]] ' Thirteen Artists . , asin poon kaidto ipinapahiling na an saiyang mga obra sa lakop na lugar pareho sa Pilipinas asin sa luwas kan nasyon.
== Amay na buhay asin pagsasanay ==
Namundag kan 1970, sa [[Makati]], si Javier dai nagpoon sa pagsasanay sa arte arog kan kadaklan sa saiyang mga kapanahon, na enot na nag-adal nin karera sa nars bago nagduman sa arte.<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06">{{cite web |last=Ooi |first=Adeline |title=Stilling the Image: Geraldine Javier, Thirteen Artists Awardee 2003 |language=en |work=Kulay-Diwa |publisher=Gallery of Philippine Contemporary Art|date=June 2006|url=http://www.kulay-diwa.com/geraldine_javier |accessdate=2012-10-16 |archive-date=2013-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729195700/http://www.kulay-diwa.com/geraldine_javier}}</ref>
Kan siya nagpoon kan saiyang pagsasanay sa arte sa paagi nin sarong bachelor's degree sa [[Unibersidad kan Filipinas, Diliman|University of the Philippines Diliman]] (UP) College of Fine Arts, siya makusog na naimpluwensiyahan ni Roberto Chabet, na midbid sa "highly conceptually oriented training" - sarong katotoohan na pigtatawan nin kredito kan nagkapirang kritiko an saiyang "predileksyon sa paggibo nin arte na nagduduon sa intelektuwal na pakikisumaro sa tulos na emosyonal na pagresponde."<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/>
== Biswal na estilo asin inspirasyon ==
An obra ni Javier midbid na marhay sa paghalo kaini nin manlaen-laen na media - minsan sa saiyang mga pintura sa lana na isinalak sa arte sa pag-instalar, asin minsan sa manlaen-laen na media arog kan burda o mga nakuang bagay na prominenteng isinalak sa saiyang mga canvas.
An artista asin parasurat nin arte na si Nastia Voynovskaya, na naglaladawan kan palabas ni Javier, "Stuck in Reverse", sa Berlin, <ref name="Voynovskaya2">{{Cite web|url=http://hifructose.com/2014/01/01/geraldine-javiers-interdisciplinary-artworks-investigate-mortality/|title=Geraldine Javier's Interdisciplinary Artworks Investigate Mortality|date=January 2014}}</ref> nagsasabi:
: " ''Imbes na unaton an saiyang mga canvas, piglalaog niya an saiyang pintura sa lana sa saiyang mga instalasyon, na tinatahi sinda na garo mga tapiserya sa mga estruktura nin tolda na nag-eevoke kan pagmati nin "harong."''
An saiyang tulos na mga pinagkukuanan nin mga reperensya iyo an pelikula asin potograpiya. "An nagkapira sa saiyang pinakabuhay na mga memorya kan pagkaaki kabali an mga sesyon sa hapon sa atubangan kan telebisyon na nagheheling nin mga klasikong arog kan Knife in the Water ni Ingmar Bergman, o mga lokal na pelikula arog kan Kisapmata, Itim, Insiang asin Himala kan mga direktor na Pilipino na si Lino Brocka, Ishmael Bernal, na an mga sensibilidad nagpapagirumdom kan mga lumang pelikula sa Europa."<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/> An pagka-moody kan siring na mga pinagkukuanan nakakaimpluwensya sa pagka-moody kan saiyang trabaho.
== Mga prominenteng tema ==
An curator asin parasurat sa arte kan Malaysia na si Adeline Ooi naglaladawan kan saiyang trabaho sa konteksto:<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/>
: " ''Siya kabali sa sarong bagong henerasyon nin mga hoben na artistang Pilipino na an mga interes manlaen-laen asin mahiwas, asin na, bakong arog kan saindang mga naenot na sosyal-realista, nakikikabtang sa paghanap kan personal asin kan idiosyncratic.'' ''An mga boses na ini gikan sa gilid nagpapahayag nin mga mapuwersang indibidwal na naratibo na naimpluwensiyahan kan internasyonal na media asin lokal na kulturang pop.'' ''An saindang mga gibo pano nin tensyon asin probokasyon, na pinagsasaro an malipot, kinakalkulong pagkasopistikado sa hilaw na urban grit -“an pankagabsan na mga bagay na hababa an klase kan ikatolong kinaban.'' ”<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/>
Si Voynovskaya nagsabi pa na " ''[an saiyang] mga obra nagpapahiling nin sarong makusog na reperensya kan mortalidad. Pinagsasaro an malipot, kinakalkulong sopistikado sa hilaw na urban grit. An mga imahe nin kagadanan, kasakitan, mga relasyon na dai nagpupunsionar, asin emosyonal na kadahasan mga pabalik-balik na tema. An saiyang kinaban nag-uuswag sa mga komplikado, mahibog na mga kaisipan asin mga paisi, mga tension asin implosyon'' ni Javier <ref name="Voynovskaya3">{{Cite web|url=http://hifructose.com/2014/01/01/geraldine-javiers-interdisciplinary-artworks-investigate-mortality/|title=Geraldine Javier's Interdisciplinary Artworks Investigate Mortality|date=January 2014}}</ref> . an mga obra pinagsasaro an siring na mga tema sa sarong iriwal kan pamilyar asin kan dai namimidbid, na nagpipirit sa paradalan na magkonsentrar.<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/>
Sinabi ni Ooi<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/> na an paggamit nin relihiyosong ikonograpiya sa nagkapira sa mga obra ni Javier, mantang "mayo nin ano man na pakikisumaro sa sarong partikular na relihiyon" asin nagtutuyo na "magkomunikar nin unibersal, kolektibong mga halaga," "konektado sa saiyang sadiring biograpiya, na nabuhay asin nakipaglaban sa kulturang katoliko sa Pilipinas." Kinotar niya si Javier na nagsabi kan 2001:<ref name="Kulay-Diwa2006-06"/>
: “ ''Nagkaigwa ako nin primarya asin sekondaryang edukasyon na Katoliko.'' ''An mga madre nagtukdo sa samo kan mga sakripisyo ni Jesus asin kan iba pang mga martir asin gikan digdi mahihiling ko na an pundasyon kan relihiyon katoliko itinogdok sa dugo asin pagkakasala bilang resulta.'' ''An parehong pagkakasala na pig-aaprobetsaran kan simbahan mantang padagos ining naggigibo nin haros awtoritaryan na impluwensya sa sosyedad kan Pilipinas asin sa satuyang gobyerno sagkod sa punto nin pagkaparalisado sa mga termino nin pagdesisyon asin paggibo nin mga polisiya'' . "
Sa relihiyosong ikonograpiya na nakua sa eksibisyon ni Javier ''na Stuck in Reverse'', si Godfrey nagkomento: <ref>http://www.arndtfineart.com/website/media/ARNDT_booklet_Geraldine_Javier.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><blockquote>''"An Pilipinas tibaad iyo na ngonyan an pinakamasarig na Katoliko sa mga nasyon. Dakul na mga artistang Pilipino an marigon na nagkokontra sa padagos na pagdominar kan Simbahan Katoliko sa sosyedad asin minasimbag nin mga mapanlibak na paglihis sa mga imahe asin bagay kaini. Si Javier ... haloy nang nag-ontok sa pagsimba alagad dawa ngani sa sarong obra arog kan Blood Type (Catholic), si Major Major G (Guilt) kan 2011 inatake niya an kontrol kaini, naggibo man siya nin trabaho na nagpapabalik kan saiyang kaogmahan kan siya aki pa sa paggibo nin mga imahe nin mga santo o paggibo nin mga seremonya."''</blockquote>
== Mga solong eksibit ==
An mga eksibisyon sa Pilipinas iyo an:
* "Pagkatakot, Pagduda, Pagngalas, Paglaom, Pagpangaturugan" sa Arario Gallery, Shanghai, Tsina (2018).
* "Mga Kapinunan asin Katapusan" sa West Gallery, Quezon City, Philippines (2017). <ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/arts/2017/08/30/geraldine-javier-interview.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903124600/http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/arts/2017/08/30/geraldine-javier-interview.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 3, 2017|title=The radical gardens of Geraldine Javier|website=cnn|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref> <ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/arts/2017/08/30/geraldine-javier-interview.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903124600/http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/arts/2017/08/30/geraldine-javier-interview.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 3, 2017|title=The radical gardens of Geraldine Javier|website=cnn|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>
* "Curiosities" sa Vargas Museum, UP Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines (2013)
* "Red Fights Back" sa Silverlens Gallery, Makati, Pilipinas (2012).
* “2012 Inventory” sa West Gallery, Quezon City, Philippines (2012). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.westgallery.ph/exhibition/2012-inventory/|title=2012 Inventory|website=West Gallery|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043726/http://www.westgallery.ph/exhibition/2012-inventory/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* "Always Wild, Still Wild” sa Finale Art File, Makati, Philippines (2011) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/geraldine-javier-always-wild-still-wild|title=Geraldine Javier: Always Wild, Still Wild|last=Archive|first=Asia Art|website=aaa.org.hk|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* "Dila ni Alibangbang" sa West Gallery, Quezon City, Philippines (2009). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/geraldine-javier-always-wild-still-wild|title=Geraldine Javier: Always Wild, Still Wild|last=Archive|first=Asia Art|website=aaa.org.hk|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* "Mga Pintura sa Kweba kan Samploc" sa Finale Art Gallery, Filipinas (2008)
* "Mga Buhay na Imahe, Mga Buhay na Tingga" sa West Gallery, Art Center, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong, Manila, Philippines (2008)
* "Girls Will Not Be Girls" Art Center, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong, Manila, Philippines (2006)
* “HAHA HUHU” sa West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2006).
* "Plaster Saints" sa Valentine Willie Fine Art, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2006).
* “Most Beautiful Memories are Those of Childhood” sa Finale Art Gallery, Manila Philippines (2006).
* “Veiled Hostility” sa West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2005).
* “Sea Whores” sa Theo Gallery, Manila Philippines (2005).
* "Timbang nin Liwanag" Finale Gallery, Lao Center, Makati, Manila, Filipinas (2005).
* “There is no there there” sa West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2004).
* "Pagyelo kan mga Hummingbird sa Paglupad" sa West Gallery, Manila, Pilipinas (2003)
* "Pula sa Saiyang Palda" sa West Gallery, Makati, Pilipinas (2002)
* “Pagbanga kan Harong” sa West Gallery, Manila, Pilipinas (2001)
* “Very Scurry Furry Tales” sa Surrounded by Water Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2001).
* “Hospital Diary of XN (Discovery Series” sa Hiraya Gallery, Manila, Philippines (1996).
Poon kan 2004, ipinapahiling ni Javier an saiyang mga obra sa bilog na kinaban. Kaiba sa nagkapira:
* "Pagkatakot, Pagduda, Pagngalas, Paglaom, Pagpangaturugan" sa Arario Gallery, Shanghai, Tsina (2018).
* "Beyond the Veil" sa Arario Gallery, Seoul, Korea (2013).
* "Stuck in Reverse" sa ARNDT, Berlin (2013-2014).
* "Asya: LOOKING SOUTH" sa ARNDT, Berlin (2011). <ref name=":1" />
* "Chapel of Many Saints and Sinners" sa Equator Art Projects Gallery, Gillman Barracks, Singapore (2012).
* "Pagtugtog nin Dios sa sarong Art Lab" sa Singapore Tyler Print Institute, [[Singapur|Singapore]] (2012).
* "Museum of Many Things" sa Valentine Willie Fine Art, Singapore (2011).
* "Sa Kapinunan..." sa Arario Gallery, Korea (2011).
== Mga eksibisyon kan grupo ==
* "Migration Melbourne Edition", sarong internasyonal na pop-up na eksibisyon kan ARNDT, sa Ormond Hall, Melbourne, Australia (2012).
* “Incidental Pleasure” sa MO Space, Taguig, Philippines (2012).
* “Mga Pintor kan STRIP bilang mga Pararetrato” sa Silverlens Gallery, Makati, Pilipinas (2011).
* "Mga Parola kan Archipelago: Kontemporaryong Arte gikan sa Sur-subangan na Asya" sa Arario Gallery, Cheonan, South Korea (2010).
* "Prague Biennale 2009" Prague, Czech Republic (2009).
* “Mayo Ako nin Ipipinta asin Pigpipinta Ko Ini” sa MO Gallery, Fort Bonifacio, Manila, Philippines (2007).
* "Headlights 2007" sa Valentine Willie Fine Art, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2007).
* “An Paagi Na Nakakaagi Kami” sa West Gallery, Siyudad nin Quezon, Pilipinas (2006).
* "Pirmado asin Petsahan - an samong ika-10ng Anibersaryo na Edisyon" sa Valentine Willie Fine Art, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2006).
== Mga Naabot ==
* Nagpartisipar sa Prague Biennale, Prague, Czech Republic (2009).
* Tinawan nin Trese Artistas Award, na pinaluwas kan Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), Manila.
* Resipyente kan Ateneo Art Awards, na pinaluwas kan Ateneo Art Gallery, Filipinas (2004) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/2004-ateneo-art-awards/search/event-venues:ateneo-art-gallery-quezon-city-philippines/page/1/view_as/grid|title=2004 Ateneo Art Awards|last=Archive|first=Asia Art|website=aaa.org.hk|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Toltolan ==
<references />
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Juana Manuela Gorriti
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{{Short description|Argentine writer (1818–1892)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Juana Manuela Gorriti
| image = Juana Manuela Gorriti.png
| office = [[First Ladies and Gentlemen of Bolivia|First Lady of Bolivia]]
| term_start = 6 December 1848
| term_end = 15 August 1855
| term_label = In role
| president = [[Manuel Isidoro Belzu]]
| predecessor = Mercedes Coll
| successor = Edelmira Belzu
| birth_name = Juana Manuela Gorriti Zuviría
| birth_date = 15 June 1818
| birth_place = [[Rosario de la Frontera]], [[United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1892|11|06|1818|06|15|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| spouse = [[Manuel Isidoro Belzu]]
| children = Edelmira Belzu<br />Mercedes Belzu de Dorado
| parents = José Ignacio Gorriti<br />Feleciana Zuviría
| occupation = Writer
}}
Si '''Juana Manuela Gorriti Zuviria''' (15 Hunyo 1818 – 6 Nobyembre 1892) <ref name="Marting19902">{{Cite book|title=Spanish American Women Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Source Book|last=Berg|first=Mary G.|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1990|isbn=978-0-313-25194-8|editor-last=Diane E. Marting|pages=226–29|chapter=Juana Manuela Gorriti|access-date=5 March 2013|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrLI2BJkPu4C&pg=PA226}}</ref> sarong parasurat na [[Arhentina|taga-Argentina]] na may mahiwas na koneksyon sa politika asin literatura sa [[Bolibya|Bolivia]] asin [[Peru]] . Siya nagkapot kan posisyon bilang Enot na Babae kan Bolibya poon 1848 abot 1855.
Sa pagpublikar kan ''La quena'' (1851), si Gorriti namidbid bilang pinakaenot na nobelista sa kun ano an nagin Argentina. <ref>{{cite web|date=6 August 2018|title=Mujeres que construyeron la patria|url=https://www.cultura.gob.ar/las-mujeres-que-construyeron-la-patria_6279/|publisher=[[Ministry of Culture (Argentina)|Ministerio de Cultura]]|language=es|accessdate=24 January 2022}}</ref> Sa ''La quena,'' inangat ni Gorriti an nosyon nin kadukhaan, ignoransiya, tiraniya, asin pan-aapi sa mga kababaihan, na nagsurat, "Maabot an aldaw na an siyensya nin tawo makakadiskobre kan mga kayamanan na iyan; alagad sa panahon na iyan an mga tawo magigin talingkas asin pantay-pantay, asin gagamiton ninda an kayamanan tanganing maglingkod sa katawohan! An paghade nin mga kahaditan asin despotismo matatapos na asin an henyo sana an mamamahala kaini sa kinaban an payo nin sarong Europeo, o sa ibabaw kan sarong Indian." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=La quena|last=Gorritti|first=Juana Manuela|location=Argentina|pages=2003:7|language=Spanish}}</ref> An pagkomiter ni Gorriti sa mga isyung pangbabai nagpukaw kan interes kan mga babae asin lalaki, kaiba si Abel Delgado . An saiyang essay, " ''La educación social de la mujer'' ", ("An Sosyal na Edukasyon kan Babae," 1892) pinag-ulayan an mga lalaki asin babae na mga rona asin pigtatawan nin katanosan an partisipasyon kan mga babae sa ley asin politika.
== Biograpiya ==
Si Juana Manuela Gorriti namundag kan 15 Hunyo 1818, sa Rosario de la Frontera, sa probinsya nin Salta sa amihanan kan Argentina. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Autoridades - Vista completa del registro|url=http://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000032389&local_base=BNA10|website=[[Biblioteca Nacional de la República Argentina]]|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615055504/http://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000032389&local_base=BNA10|url-status=}}</ref> Hale siya sa sarong mayaman na pamilyang may halangkaw na klase asin nag-adal sa sarong kumbento kan siya otso anyos. Namundag siya ki José Ignacio de Gorriti asin Feleciana Zuviria. An saiyang ama sarong pulitiko asin suldados, asin nagpirma kan Deklarasyon nin Katalingkasan kan Argentina kan 9 Hulyo 1816. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Argentine Women Writers|last=Frederick|first=Bonnie|publisher=SU Center for Latin American Studies Press|year=1998|location=Arizona}}</ref> Pamangkin man siya kan bantog na gerilya na Jose Francisco "Pachi" Gorriti [ es ] . An saiyang pamilya nagsuporta sa mga Unitarian durante kan panahon na masakit an pulitika ni Juan Manuel de Rosas, sarong konserbatibong gobernador kan Probinsya nin Buenos Aires. Kan 1831, kan si Gorriti trese anyos, an pederal na caudillo na si Facundo Quiroga pinirit si Gorriti asin an kadaklan kan saiyang pamilya na magdistiero. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Hk8DwAAQBAJ&q=Lola+Larrosa&pg=PR13|title=The Girondins of Chile: Reminiscences of an Eyewitness|last=Mackenna|first=Benjamín Vicuña|last2=Riveros|first2=Cristián Gazmuri|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-515181-7|language=en}}</ref>
An pamilya ni Goritti nag-erok sa Tarija, Bolivia, kun saen namidbid niya an saiyang magigin agom, si Manuel Isidro Belzú, na sarong kapitan sa Hokbo kan Bolivia kan panahon na idto. Nagpakasal sinda kan siya kinse anyos, asin nagkaigwa sinda nin duwang aking babae. Mantang nag-asenso an saiyang karera, nagsakit an saindang pag-agom, asin binayaan niya ini kan 1842 pagkatapos nin siyam na taon na magkaibanan. Si Gorriti dai nakaresibe kan mga papeles nin diborsyo sagkod na makalihis an katorseng taon, pagkatapos kan saiyang pag-asasinar. <ref>{{Cite web|title=El Historiador magazine (Archives)|url=http://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/biografias/g/gorriti.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223123136/http://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/biografias/g/gorriti.php|archive-date=2015-12-23}}</ref> Pagbalik niya sa Argentina, nagadan siya kan 6 Nobyembre 1892, sa Buenos Aires sa edad na 74.
== Mga Salon ==
Sa Lima, an syudad sa baybayon kun saen siya nakaistar, nagkaigwa siya nin pangaran bilang sarong maimpluwensyang peryodista asin nagpoon na mag-host ''nin mga tertulia'' sa regular na basehan. An mga salon na ini aatenderan kan mga uso asin kadaklan mga edukadong lalaki asin babae, arog ni Ricardo Palma asin Manuel González Prada, Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera, Clorinda Matto de Turner asin Teresa González de Fanning . Magtitiripon sinda tanganing pag-olayan an literatura asin sosyal na pag-uswag, mga tema na namatean ni Gorriti na may pagkamoot asin ilalaog sa kadaklan kan saiyang literatura. An saiyang mga tertulia, na parateng ilinaladawan bilang mga salon para sa mga intelektuwal na elite, nagpatalubo nin mga diskusyon manongod sa literatura, politika, asin mga deretso nin mga kababaihan. An mga pagtiripon na ini nag-inspirar nin mga obra arog kan mga essay ni Teresa González de Fanning na nag-aadbokasiya para sa edukasyon asin emansipasyon kan mga babae, na pigtatampok an saindang mahalagang papel sa pagbilog kan diskurso kan mga babae sa rehiyon. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Urraca|first1=Beatriz|title=Juana Manuela Gorriti and the Persistence of Memory|journal=Latin American Research Review|date=1999|volume=34|issue=1|pages=151–173|doi=10.1017/S002387910002433X}}</ref>
Sa pag-organisar asin pag-host kan saiyang ''mga tertulia'', si Gorriti nagtao nin dakulang oportunidad para sa mga babaeng parasurat na magtiripon asin pag-olayan an literatura, pag-uswag, asin an pag-uswag kan mga kababaihan. <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Partir Es Necesario, Pues Solo así Puedo Vivir': Enfermedad y Fantasía En Peregrinaciones de Una Alma Triste (1876) de Juana Manuela Gorriti|last=Astocondor|first=Carlos Torres|publisher=Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Humanidades|location=Peru}}</ref> Dakul sa mga nag-atender an sa huri nagsurat nin orog pa manungod sa mga temang ini, kaiba si Teresa González de Fanning, na nagmukna nin sarong naliliwanagan na hiro nin mga kababaihan. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Dreams and Realities : Selected Fiction of Juana Manuela Gorriti / Juana Manuela Gorriti ; Translated from the Spanish by Sergio Waisman ; Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Francine Masiello|last=Waisman|first=Sergio Gabriel|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|language=English}}</ref>
== Mga deretso kan mga kababaihan ==
Si Gorriti sarong maigot na peminista bago pa man naimbento an termino mismo, asin an saiyang dedikasyon sa mga deretso kan mga kababaihan ipinahiling sa kadaklan kan saiyang mga journal. Sa paagi kan saiyang mga sinurat, siya nagtukdo asin nag-inspirar sa mga babae na mag-ako kan mga papel sa kasarian na mas komun na makukua sa Europa asin Amerika del Norte. Sa paagi kan 'The Argentina Dawn', tinawan nin atensyon ni Gorriti an mga isyu arog kan access kan mga kababaihan sa edukasyon asin an importansya kan pagtao nin bagong kahulugan sa mga papel sa laog kan harong. Sa saiyang artikulong 'The Future of Women,' nagrason siya para sa pag-integrar kan mga kababaihan sa intelektwal asin pampublikong buhay, na nag-aadbokasiya para sa pagkakapantay-pantay sa paagi nin edukasyon asin reporma sosyal. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Camacho Gingerich|first=A|title=In Search of the Feminine Voice: Feminist Discourse in Contemporary Latin American Literature}}</ref> Gusto niyang madangog an mga babae, ma-edukar an saindang mga sadiri, asin dai matakot na magkontra sa mga pamantayan kan sosyedad. Si Gorriti tinatawan nin bagong kahulugan an mga espasyo sa laog kan harong bilang mga lugar nin pagtumang, na pig-aadalan kun pano an mga babae makakapag-navigate sa mga inaasahan kan sosyedad. An saiyang mga naratibo naghahagad nin mga tradisyonal na paglaladawan kan mga papel kan kasarian, na nagtatao nin progresibong pananaw sa awtonomiya asin identidad kan mga kababaihan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miseres|first=Vanesa|title=Cooking and feminism through Argentine literature|pages=208–227}}</ref> An mga naratibo ni Gorriti parateng nag-eeksplorar kan mga interseksyon kan rasa asin kasarian, na nagtatao nin liwanag sa mga patong-patong na pan-aapi na inaatubang kan mga kababaihan sa ika-19 siglong Latin Amerika Sa mga obra arog kan 'El Lucero de Maná', pigladawan niya an mga karakter na naglalayag sa mga limitasyon kan sosyedad na konektado sa kasarian asin etnisidad, na pigduduon an pangangaipo para sa inklusyon sa hiro nin kababaihan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Beckman|first=Ericka|title=Fables of globalization: race, sex and money in nineteenth-century Latin America|pages=99–116}}</ref> An mga obra ni Gorriti nagkritika man sa mga norma kan sosyedad asin mga inaasahan sa kultura na nakapalibot sa mga babae. Halimbawa, sa saiyang mga sinurat manungod sa uso asin mga pangigipit kan sosyedad, pigkwestyon ni Gorriti an pagduon sa hababaw na itsura bilang sukol kan halaga kan babae. An saiyang mga essay parateng nagtutukar kan mga intelektwal na naginibohan bilang an tunay na mga indikasyon kan pag-uswag asin pagpatalingkas kan mga kababaihan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Root|first=R. A|title=Searching for the Oasis in Life : Fashion and the Question of Female Emancipation in Late Nineteenth-Century Argentina|pages=363–390}}</ref>
== Enot na Babae kan Bolivia ==
Si Manuel Isidoro Belzú, agom ni Gorriti, nagin presidente kan Bolivia kan 1848. Nakaligtas siya sa sarong pagprobar na gadanon pakalihis nin duwang taon asin namahala nin limang taon sagkod na magretiro kan 1855, na nag-isponsor kan saiyang manugang na lalaki, si Jorge Córdova, tanganing salidahan siya. An Córdova pinabagsak sa sarong kudeta pakalihis nin duwang taon asin sinalidahan ni José María Linares, na iyo man an pinatalsik kan saiyang Ministro nin Gera, si José María de Achá kan 1861. Si Achá nabuhay sa laog nin tolong taon sagkod na sinalidahan, sa paagi nin saro pang kudeta, ni Heneral Mariano Melgarejo . Si Belzú nagtindog nin sarong hukbo laban ki Melgarejo na, susog sa dai pa nakukumpirma na mga osipon, inimbitaran siya sa palasyo kan presidente asin binadil siya sa sarong pekeng kugos. Nagadan siya kan ika-23 nin Marso 1865.
== Nars sa larangan nin ralaban ==
Kan 1866, an Armada Espanyol nagbomba sa mga pantalan sa mga baybayon kan Peru asin Chile, kaiba an pantalan nin Lima, kun saen si Gorriti nagserbi bilang sarong nars sa ralaban. Si Gorriti nag-ako nin onra militar gikan sa Peru huli sa saiyang mga bayanihan na gibo nin pagligtas sa mga nalugadan na mga soldados na Peru. Isinapeligro man niya an saiyang buhay sa pag-ebakwar kan mga nalugadan kan magsuko an mga Kastila sa Callao . Huli sa saiyang kabayanihan, asin mga aksyon na garo [[Florence Nightingale|si Florence Nightingale]], si Gorriti nahihiling bilang sarong parapakilaban para sa katalingkasan kan Peru asin tinawan nin Ikaduwang Bitoon kan Mayo kan gobyerno kan Peru. Nagsurat siya manungod sa mga pangyayaring ini sa kadakol na mga artikulo asin halipot na mga istorya, na kan huri tinipon asin ipinublikar sa ''Album of Lima'' na pigtogdas niya asin kan saiyang amigo asin kapwa parasurat na si Carolina Freyre de Jaimes .
== Magbalik sa Argentina ==
Kan 1878, si Gorriti nagbalik sa Argentina. Sa ibong kan pag-atubang sa mga angat arog kan diborsyo asin pagkadistiero, si Gorriti nagdanay na sarong iginagalang asin maimpluwensyang pigura, na pigseselebrar huli sa saiyang mga kontribusyon sa literatura asin sosyal. Si Gorriti nagin ina nin duwang aking babae, si Edelmira Belzu asin Mercedes Belzu de Dorado. An saiyang aking babae na si Mercedes nagkahelang sa Peru kan 1879, alagad si Gorriti dai nakaduman saiya huli sa gera kan Chile asin Peru huli sa mga probinsya nin Tacna asin Arica. Si Mercedes nagadan kan huri kan taon na idto. Si Gorriti man an nagtogdas kan peryodikong ''The Argentina Dawn'', kun saen siya nagpublikar nin kadakol na mga artikulo manungod sa mga deretso asin edukasyon kan mga kababaihan. Kan siya nagadan, an mga taga-Argentina pig-omaw siya bilang sarong bantog, nakakatukdo, maimpluwensyang peryodista kan saiyang panahon.
== Mga kontribusyon sa literatura ==
Si Gorriti naghale sa Bolivia pasiring sa Peru, kun saen magpoon an saiyang buhay sa literatura. Kan siya enot na mag-abot sa Peru mayo siyang pinansiyal na suporta o rekursos. Si Gorriti nagmukna nin sarong eskwelahan para sa mga babae sa Bolivia, kun saen idinusay niya an saiyang buhay sa pagtukdo asin pagsurat. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/812/3/Meachem10PhD.pdf|title=Womens Actions, Womenâ's Words: Female Political and Cultural Responses to the Argentine State (Doctoral Dissertation)|last=Meachem|first=Susanne|publisher=University of Birmingham|year=2010|location=Birmingham|page=176}}</ref> Siya sarong maigot na peminista, asin ini ipinahiling sa kadaklan kan saiyang mga journal. Si Gorriti nagsurat nin nagkapirang halipot na nobela asin kadakol na halipot na istorya. Kabali sa saiyang mga nobela an ''El Pozo de Yocci'' ( ''The Yocci Well'' ), sarong istorya nin pagkamoot, istorya nin multo asin katakutan na Gothic na pinagsararo, na nakabugtak sa saro sa pinakakritikal na panahon sa kasaysayan kan Republika nin Argentina, na pigkokomparar an idealistikong patriotismo sa likod kan Gera nin Katalingkasan sa kabangisan kan mga gera sibil na nagsunod. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://theclaptonpress.com/the-yocci-well-by-juana-manuela-gorriti/|title=The Yocci Well by Juana Manuela Gorriti, translated by Kathryn Phillips-Miles, The Clapton Press, 2020|last=Gorriti|first=Juana Manuela|date=June 2020|isbn=978-1-913693-02-2|language=en-GB|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-date=12 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212170908/https://theclaptonpress.com/the-yocci-well-by-juana-manuela-gorriti/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sinundan ini kan ''La oasis de la vida'' ( ''An Oasis kan Buhay'' ), sarong melodramatikong nobelang isinurat kan mga taon 1880. ''An La tierra natal'' ( ''An Katutubong Daga'' ), an saiyang huring mayor na obra, na ipinublikar kan 1889, nag-iistorya nin sarong pisikal na pagbaklay sa norteng Argentina, pabalik sa mga lugar na saiyang istaran sa bilog niyang buhay, siring man nin sarong paglayag pabalik sa saiyang mga memorya kan mga tawo asin mga pangyayari na saiyang namidbid asin naeksperyensiyahan sa dalan.
Duwa sa saiyang pinakabantog na mga osipon iyo an ''La hija del mazorquero'' asin ''El lucero de manantial'' ; parehong mga melodramatikong osipon na may makusog na mensaheng politikal na kontra sa Rosista . Ini an mga mapuersang halimbawa kun pano an literatura nakikisumaro sa kritisismo sa politika. An duwang obra nakabugtak sa melodrama, sarong tanda kan estilo ni Gorriti, asin nagseserbing mga alegorya para sa nasyonal na identidad kan Argentina durante kan kontrobersyal na rehimen ni Juan Manuel de Rosas (1829-1852). <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prieto|first=A|title=Juana Manuela Gorriti: La narrativa romántica y el discurso político|pages=63–76}}</ref>
Sa ''La hija del mazorquero'', pigtutuyaw ni Gorriti an mga brutal na paagi asin awtoritaryan na pamamahala na may koneksyon ki Rosas, partikularmente sa paagi kan paglaladawan kan mga karakter na nakabugkos sa "mazorca" (sekretong pulis ni Rosas). Siring man, ginagamit ''ni El lucero de manantial'' an simbolikong imahe asin dramatikong naratibo tanganing ipahiling an korapsyon sa irarom kan pamamahala ni Rosas. Si Gorriti bako sanang sarong pigura sa literatura kundi sarong boses man nin pagtumang. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Tales of Incan Gold in an Era of Guano: Juana Manuela Gorriti's Precious Metal Melodramas|last=Burner|first=Lisa|publisher=Hispanic Review}}</ref>
Si Gorriti nagmukna man kan peryodikong ''The Dawn of Argentina'' ( ''La Alborada del Plata'' ) kaiba an kapwa pararawitdawit na si Numa Pompilio Llona .
An saiyang pauruutrong tolong taon na pag-istar sa Lima nagresulta sa pagpublikar kan ''La Quena'', sarong halipot alagad maimpluwensyang nobela, sa prestihiyosong peryodikong ''El Comercio'' . Kan huri, kan an pulitika kan Peru nagpoon nang mag-establisar, nagkontribwir siya sa ''Revista de Lima'' sa mga istorya arog kan ''El Angel Caido'' asin ''Si haces mal no esperes bien'' .
An mga istorya ni Gorriti pinong marhay an pagkagibo asin nagpapatotoo sa mga uso sa literatura kan Amerika del Sur kan ika-19 siglo.
== Mga pangenot na trabaho ==
=== Mga Nobela ===
* ''El pozo de Yocci'' (1869)
* ''Oasis en la Vida'' (1888)
* ''La tierra natal'' (1889)
=== Mga nobela, halipot na osipon, asin manlaen-laen na mga sinurat ===
* ''Sueños y realidades'' (1865)
* ''Mga Panorama kan buhay'' (1876)
* ''Misceláneas'' (1878)
* ''El mundo de los recuerdos'' (1886)
=== Mga traduksiyon sa Ingles kan saiyang obra ===
* ''Mga Pangarap asin Realidad'' na itrinadusir ni Sergio Waisman, OUP USA, 2003.
* ''An Yocci Well'' na itrinadusir ni Kathryn Phillips-Miles, The Clapton Press, London, 2020.
* ''An Satong Katutubong Daga'' itrinadusir ni Kathryn Phillips-Miles, The Clapton Press, London, 2021.
== Mga Toltolan ==
<references />
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Rima Nishizaki
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{{Infobox person
| name = Rima Nishizaki
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Nishizaki Rima<br>西崎 莉麻
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|06|09}}
| birth_place = [[Tokyo]], Hapon
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Hapones
| other_names =
| occupation = artista, modelong ''gravure''
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
Si {{nihongo|''' Rima Nishizaki'''|西崎 莉麻|Nishizaki Rima}} iyo an sarong artista asin modelo sa nasyon na [[Hapon]]. Dati siyang representante kan Cast Corporation. Dating propesyunal na parakawat asin komentarista nin [[beysbol]] an saiyang ama na si Yukuhiro Nishizaki.
== Mga panlabas na takod ==
* [http://www.cast-may.com/contents/cast_30.php キャストコーポレーション|西崎莉麻プロフィール] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709195856/http://www.cast-may.com/contents/cast_30.php |date=2015-07-09 }} {{ja}}
* [http://ameblo.jp/rima-nishizaki/ 西崎莉麻オフィシャルブログ「リンリンリン」] {{ja}}
{{stub}}
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Hisako Manda
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{{short description|Aktres na Hapon (namundag 1958)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Hisako Manda
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 萬田久子
| native_name_lang = Hapon
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name above -->
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|04|13}}
| birth_place = [[Osaka]]
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) -->
| burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments =
| nationality = [[Hapon|Hapones]]
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = Tetsukayama University Junior College Department
| occupation = Aktres (pelikula & telebisyon)
| years_active = 1980–ngunyan
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| known_for = Miss Universe (1978)
| credits = ''Nachan no shashinkan''<br>
''Kyōto satsujin annai'' <br>
''Hacchōbori no shichinin''
| style =
| height = 167 cm
| television = ''Kyōto satsujin annai'' saro man na huwes sa orihinal na Iron Chef
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charge = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources -->
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name -->
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
| children =
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| relatives =
| family =
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| module =
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| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
Si '''{{nihongo|Hisako Manda|萬田 久子|Manda Hisako|namudag Abril 13, 1958, sa [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]]}}''' sarong artistang Hapones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/meikan/ma/mandahisako.html|script-title=ja:タレント名鑑|language=Japanese|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://talent.yahoo.co.jp/pf/detail/pp2432|script-title=ja:萬田久子(マンダヒサコ)|language=Japanese|accessdate=5 February 2013|archive-date=22 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722024501/http://talent.yahoo.co.jp/pf/detail/pp2432|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Siya an nagrepresentar sa Hapon sa [[Miss Universe 1978]] sa [[Acapulco]], Mehiko, alagad dai nakaabante sa semifinals.
==Piling Pilmograpiya==
===Pelikula===
* ''Maison Ikkoku: Apartment Fantasy'' (1986)
* ''Florence My Love'' (1991)
* ''[[The Inugamis (pelikula kan 2006)|The Inugamis]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Ryuzo and the Seven Henchmen]]'' (2015)
* ''[[The Setting Sun]]'' (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://eiga.com/movie/95254/|title= 鳩のごとく 蛇のごとく 斜陽|access-date= September 2, 2022|work= eiga.com}}</ref>
===Mga serye nin TV===
*''[[Natsu ni Koisuru Onnatachi]]'' (1983)
*''[[Asa ga Kita]]'' (2015-2016)
*''[[Karei-naru Ichizoku|The Grand Family]]'' (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.crank-in.net/news/84788/1|title= 『華麗なる一族』追加メインキャスト発表 工藤阿須加、田中麗奈、石坂浩二ら|access-date= January 7, 2021|work= Crank-in!|date= 6 January 2021}}</ref>
*''My Ex-Boyfriend's Last Will'' (2022), Mariko Morikawa<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.crank-in.net/news/102400/1|title= 綾瀬はるか×大泉洋『元彼の遺言状』、萬田久子、要潤ら怪しさあふれる追加キャスト発表|access-date= March 25, 2022|work= Crank-in!|date= 23 March 2022}}</ref>
*''House of the Owl'' (2024)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/568100|title= 「フクロウと呼ばれた男」の新キャストに萬田久子、安藤政信、長谷川京子ら|access-date= April 7, 2024|work= Natalie|archive-date= April 6, 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240406013250/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/568100|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
===Dub===
*''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' ([[Susan Mayer]])<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.waltdisneystudios.jp/studio/drama/0728|title= デスパレートな妻たち シーズン1|access-date= May 19, 2025|work= Walt Disney Studios|archive-date= May 20, 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250520180832/https://www.waltdisneystudios.jp/studio/drama/0728|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
==Mga toltolan==
{{Reflist}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
* {{IMDb name|0541587}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manda, Hisako}}
{{stub}}
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Giannino Castiglioni
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{{Infobox artist
| name = Giannino Castiglioni
| image = Giannino Castiglioni, a Lierna sul Lago di Como di fronte alla Punta di Bellagio.jpg
| caption = Castiglioni kan Lierna
| alt =
| birth_name = Giannino Castiglioni
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1884|12|4}}
| birth_place = [[Milano]], Italya
| death_date = {{death date|df=yes|1971|3|27}}
| death_place = [[Lierna]], Lawa kan Como, Italya
| nationality = Italyano
| field = iskultura, pagguhit, dekoratibong arte
| training = [[Accademia di Brera]]
| movement = Realismo, Arte Italiana kan ika-20 siglo
| works = {{plainlist|
* Monumento sa mga padagô
* mga eskultura sa Milano
* mga funerary monumento
}}
| children = [[Achille Castiglioni]]
}}
'''Giannino Castiglioni''' ([[Milano]], [[Italia]], Agosto 4, 1884 – [[Lierna]], Agosto 16, 1971) sarong [[arkitekto]], [[planoador nin ciudad]], [[eskultor]] asin [[diseñador]] na Italiano, sarong sa pinakabantog kan siglo XX sa sadiring larangan.
Si Giannino Castiglioni, sarong proto-designer asin tinototohan bilang fundadór kan [[Design italiano|design Italiano]], sarong maestro kan saiyang mga anak na si [[Achille Castiglioni]], [[Pier Giacomo Castiglioni]] asin [[Livio Castiglioni]], na nagin prominente sa [[Design industrial|design industrial Italiano]].
Gamit an saindang makabag-o na [[Metodo Castiglioni|Metodo Castiglioni]], na naimbento sa Lierna sa tabing kan Lago di Como, nakatabang sinda sa paghubog kan [[Made in Italy]], na kilala asin pinapahalagahan sa gabos na kinaban. An saindang mga obra ngunyan makikita sa [[Museum of Modern Art|MoMA sa New York]].
An mga aki ni Giannino, [[Achille Castiglioni|Achille]] asin Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, nagin bantog man bilang mga diseñadores.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194123/http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/it/studio-storia-lunga-un-secolo.html "Studio Castiglioni" – Sarong istorya na naglaog nin sarong siglo, ni Carlo Livio Castiglioni], Internet Archive, Enero 2, 2014 (tinukduan kan Abril 24, 2017).</ref>
== Analisis na Kritiko ==
Si Giannino Castiglioni ngonian ginkikilala bilang sa pinakapanguna na [[scultura|eskultor]] sa Europa sa [[XX siglo]], asin bilang sarong dakulang pigbabakun na tau sa [[Scultura mundial|mundial na eskultura]] kan ika-20 siglo. An saiyang mga obra nagsusumat nin halangkaw na dialogo sa pagitan kan [[Arte classica|klasikal na arte]] asin [[Arte moderna|moderno na arte]], nagtatagpo nin mga universal na valores kan [[Spiritualidad|espiritwalidad]], [[Memoria colectiva|kolektibong memoria]], asin [[Identidad cultural|kultural na identidad]], asin dakulang impluwensya sa [[Design industrial|modernong disenyo industriyal]] paagi sa [[Metodo Castiglioni]], na ginkikilala bilang proto-diseno kan kontemporaneo na diseno Italiano<ref>Franco Russoli, ''La scultura italiana del Novecento'', Milano, Electa, 1968.</ref>. An saiyang mga obra nagbabag-o kan urban asin sagrado na espasyo bilang mga lugar nin estetikong eksperyensya asin filosofikal na refleksyon, na nagiging international na destinasyon an [[Lierna]] sa [[Lago di Como]], na gin-organisar asin ginpahamutang nin arte ni Castiglioni sa romano asin medyebal na plano, para sa mga [[Turismo cultural|turista kan arte]], [[Studiosos d'arte|kritiko]], asin [[Appassionati d'arte|koleksiyonista]]<ref>Giovanni Agosti, ''Maestri lombardi del Novecento'', Milano, Skira, 2019.</ref>.
Dai sa mga kaurupang contemporaneo arog kan [[Marino Marini]] o [[Giacomo Manzù]], na nakatutok sa introspektibo asin personal na eksperimento, si Castiglioni nagdebelop nin "[[Realismo monumentale|monumental na realismo]]" na universal an lawig, kun sain an klaridad sa figurativo asin simbolikong densidad nagtatampo sa konseptwal na komplikasyon na nakikipagdialogo sa tradisyon asin kontemporaneo<ref>Paolo Biscottini, ''Arte sacra a Milano nel XX secolo'', Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 2004.</ref>. An mga [[Porta di Sant’Ambrogio (Cattedrale di Milano)|puerte]] sa [[Duomo di Milano]], an mga [[Rilievo|relievo]] na sagrado sa [[Cattedrale di Milano]], an mga siklo kan eskultura sa [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milano)|Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore]], asin an mga dakulang [[Monumento|monumento]] sibil sa bilog na kinabanan nagpapahayag na kada obra sarong "[[Luogo di memoria]]", na nagtatampo nin istoria, espiritwalidad, asin etikal na refleksyon kan ika-20 siglo<ref>Andrea Spiriti, ''Scultura sacra e memoria civile nel Novecento lombardo'', Como, NodoLibri, 2011.</ref>.
An saiyang kadakol sa [[Bronzo]] asin [[Rilievo|relievo]], kaibahan an rare na visual na narrativa na makikita man sa saiyang [[Pittura|mga pinturang]], nagpapahiling nin sarong talagá na kakayahan sa pagtraduce kan [[Memoria colectiva|memoria]] asin pilosopikal na isyu sa mga imahe na may dakulang evocative na kusog<ref>Franco Russoli, op. cit.</ref>. Si Castiglioni nagreredefinir kan konsepto kan [[Monumentalità|modernong monumental na arte]] bilang kombinasyon kan [[Messaggio spirituale|espiritwal na mensahe]], historikal na testamento, asin estetikal na kapantayan, na nagbubuhat nin obra na nakikipagdialogo diretso sa global na publiko asin internasyonal na kritiko<ref>Paolo Biscottini, op. cit.</ref>.
Sa mga naglilipas na taon, an pagdiskubre liwat kan mga [[Bozzetto]] asin [[Modello preparatorio|preparatory models]] nagpapatunay kan independensya asin kreatibidad kan saiyang obra, na nagpapahiling nin kompositional na enerhiya, porma na tensyon, asin metodolohikal na delicadeza<ref>Giovanni Agosti, op. cit.</ref>. Ini na unikan na patrimoniu nagpapahiling kan Castiglioni bilang sarong importante na tau para sa [[Collezionista d'arte|koleksiyonista]] asin [[Museo|internasyonal na museo]], asin nagtatao sa [[Lierna]] bilang sentro kan artistiko asin cultural na ruta sa [[Lago di Como]].
Kaipuhan kan Castiglioni, an [[Scultura italiana]] aktwal na nakikiyapi sa [[Arte mondiale|mundial na arte]]: an saiyang abilidad na pagsugpong kan [[Monumentalità|monumentalidad]], [[Arte sacra|sacralidad]] asin [[Arte moderna|innovasyon]] nagpapahiling na dai sana basta nasyonal na referencia, kundi sarong universal na maestro, na an konseptwal na kahalagahan asin kusog sa ekspresyon mas hihigit sa [[Auguste Rodin]], [[Aristide Maillol]] o [[Henry Moore]]<ref>Andrea Spiriti, op. cit.</ref>. Kada obra nagiging sarong makusog asin meditativong estetikong eksperyensya, na nakakaaghat kan mga bisita, estudyante, asin mahiligon sa arte hale sa bilog na kinabanan.
== Mga Museo ==
* [[Royal Collection|Royal Collection kan Balay Windsor]] (San Ambrosio na nagraratsada, eskultura na haripon asin bronse, opisyal na regalo kan ciudad kan Milan para sa Reina Elizabeth II kan Inglatera, 1961)<ref>Royal Collection Trust. "San Ambrosio on Horse".</ref>
* [[Victoria and Albert Museum|Victoria asin Albert Museum]], Londra, United Kingdom<ref>Victoria and Albert Museum official website.</ref>
* [[National Gallery of Victoria|National Gallery of Victoria]], Melbourne, Australia<ref>National Gallery of Victoria Collection Database.</ref>
* [[Galleria d'Arte Moderna (Milán)|Gallery kan Modern Art, Milan]] (San Giovanni Decollato, eskultura na marmol, 1926)<ref>Galleria d'Arte Moderna Milano, katalogo 1926.</ref>
* [[La Scala|Teatro La Scala]], Milan (Retrato ni Giuseppe Verdi, medal na eskultura, 1908; Aureliano Pertile, eskultura, 1966)<ref>La Scala Archives.</ref>
* [[Palazzo Marino|Palazzo Marino]], Municipalidad kan Milan (San Ambrosio, simbolo kan Milan, eskultura na bronse, 1960)<ref>Milan City Official Website.</ref>
* [[Pinacoteca Ambrosiana|Pinacoteca Ambrosiana]], Milan (Fontana Piangente, eskultura, 1931; Dante, eskultura, 1940)<ref>Pinacoteca Ambrosiana Collection Catalog.</ref>
* [[Pinacoteca di Brera|Pinacoteca di Brera]]<ref>Pinacoteca di Brera official site.</ref>
* [[Cimitero Monumentale di Milano|Identity Museum kan Monumental Cemetery kan Milan]]<ref>Cimitero Monumentale di Milano Visitor Guide.</ref>
* [[Università degli Studi di Milano|Unibersidad kan Milan]] (Statua kan Rector Luigi Mangiagalli, 1927)<ref>Università degli Studi di Milano Archives.</ref>
* [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore|Katolikan Unibersidad kan Sacro Cuore, Milan]] (Pius IX, gin-gilded na bronse na eskultura sa conference hall; Padre Gemelli, bronze bust, 1933‑1963; Immacolata, eskultura sa kahoy asin marmol, 1940; Virgin, bronze eskultura, 1945)<ref>Università Cattolica Archives.</ref>
* [[Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana|Ambrosiana Library]] (Aloisio Fossati Bellani, eskultura, 1959)<ref>Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana Catalog.</ref>
* [[Museo del Risorgimento (Milán)|Museum kan Risorgimento, Milan]] (Federico Johnson, eskultura, 1938 asin Marco de Marchi, eskultura, 1936)<ref>Museo del Risorgimento Milano Collections.</ref>
== Mga kasurolayan ==
* [[Vittore Grubicy de Dragon]]
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Mga arkitekto na Italiano]]
[[Category:Mga eskultor na Italiano]]
[[Category:Mga diseñadores na Italiano]]
[[Category:Ipinangaki kan 1884]]
[[Category:Nagadan kan 1971]]
[[Category:Mga tawo gikan sa Milano]]
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'''Giannino Castiglioni''' ([[Milano]], [[Italia]], Agosto 4, 1884 – [[Lierna]], Agosto 16, 1971) sarong [[arkitekto]], [[planoador nin ciudad]], [[eskultor]] asin [[diseñador]] na Italiano, sarong sa pinakabantog kan siglo XX sa sadiring larangan.
Si Giannino Castiglioni, sarong proto-designer asin tinototohan bilang fundadór kan [[Design italiano|design Italiano]], sarong maestro kan saiyang mga anak na si [[Achille Castiglioni]], [[Pier Giacomo Castiglioni]] asin [[Livio Castiglioni]], na nagin prominente sa [[Design industrial|design industrial Italiano]].
Gamit an saindang makabag-o na [[Metodo Castiglioni|Metodo Castiglioni]], na naimbento sa Lierna sa tabing kan Lago di Como, nakatabang sinda sa paghubog kan [[Made in Italy]], na kilala asin pinapahalagahan sa gabos na kinaban. An saindang mga obra ngunyan makikita sa [[Museum of Modern Art|MoMA sa New York]].
An mga aki ni Giannino, [[Achille Castiglioni|Achille]] asin Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, nagin bantog man bilang mga diseñadores.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194123/http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/it/studio-storia-lunga-un-secolo.html "Studio Castiglioni" – Sarong istorya na naglaog nin sarong siglo, ni Carlo Livio Castiglioni], Internet Archive, Enero 2, 2014 (tinukduan kan Abril 24, 2017).</ref>
== Analisis na Kritiko ==
Si Giannino Castiglioni ngonian ginkikilala bilang sa pinakapanguna na [[scultura|eskultor]] sa Europa sa [[XX siglo]], asin bilang sarong dakulang pigbabakun na tau sa [[Scultura mundial|mundial na eskultura]] kan ika-20 siglo. An saiyang mga obra nagsusumat nin halangkaw na dialogo sa pagitan kan [[Arte classica|klasikal na arte]] asin [[Arte moderna|moderno na arte]], nagtatagpo nin mga universal na valores kan [[Spiritualidad|espiritwalidad]], [[Memoria colectiva|kolektibong memoria]], asin [[Identidad cultural|kultural na identidad]], asin dakulang impluwensya sa [[Design industrial|modernong disenyo industriyal]] paagi sa [[Metodo Castiglioni]], na ginkikilala bilang proto-diseno kan kontemporaneo na diseno Italiano<ref>Franco Russoli, ''La scultura italiana del Novecento'', Milano, Electa, 1968.</ref>. An saiyang mga obra nagbabag-o kan urban asin sagrado na espasyo bilang mga lugar nin estetikong eksperyensya asin filosofikal na refleksyon, na nagiging international na destinasyon an [[Lierna]] sa [[Lago di Como]], na gin-organisar asin ginpahamutang nin arte ni Castiglioni sa romano asin medyebal na plano, para sa mga [[Turismo cultural|turista kan arte]], [[Studiosos d'arte|kritiko]], asin [[Appassionati d'arte|koleksiyonista]]<ref>Giovanni Agosti, ''Maestri lombardi del Novecento'', Milano, Skira, 2019.</ref>.
Dai sa mga kaurupang contemporaneo arog kan [[Marino Marini]] o [[Giacomo Manzù]], na nakatutok sa introspektibo asin personal na eksperimento, si Castiglioni nagdebelop nin "[[Realismo monumentale|monumental na realismo]]" na universal an lawig, kun sain an klaridad sa figurativo asin simbolikong densidad nagtatampo sa konseptwal na komplikasyon na nakikipagdialogo sa tradisyon asin kontemporaneo<ref>Paolo Biscottini, ''Arte sacra a Milano nel XX secolo'', Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 2004.</ref>. An mga [[Porta di Sant’Ambrogio (Cattedrale di Milano)|puerte]] sa [[Duomo di Milano]], an mga [[Rilievo|relievo]] na sagrado sa [[Cattedrale di Milano]], an mga siklo kan eskultura sa [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milano)|Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore]], asin an mga dakulang [[Monumento|monumento]] sibil sa bilog na kinabanan nagpapahayag na kada obra sarong "[[Luogo di memoria]]", na nagtatampo nin istoria, espiritwalidad, asin etikal na refleksyon kan ika-20 siglo<ref>Andrea Spiriti, ''Scultura sacra e memoria civile nel Novecento lombardo'', Como, NodoLibri, 2011.</ref>.
An saiyang kadakol sa [[Bronzo]] asin [[Rilievo|relievo]], kaibahan an rare na visual na narrativa na makikita man sa saiyang [[Pittura|mga pinturang]], nagpapahiling nin sarong talagá na kakayahan sa pagtraduce kan [[Memoria colectiva|memoria]] asin pilosopikal na isyu sa mga imahe na may dakulang evocative na kusog<ref>Franco Russoli, op. cit.</ref>. Si Castiglioni nagreredefinir kan konsepto kan [[Monumentalità|modernong monumental na arte]] bilang kombinasyon kan [[Messaggio spirituale|espiritwal na mensahe]], historikal na testamento, asin estetikal na kapantayan, na nagbubuhat nin obra na nakikipagdialogo diretso sa global na publiko asin internasyonal na kritiko<ref>Paolo Biscottini, op. cit.</ref>.
Sa mga naglilipas na taon, an pagdiskubre liwat kan mga [[Bozzetto]] asin [[Modello preparatorio|preparatory models]] nagpapatunay kan independensya asin kreatibidad kan saiyang obra, na nagpapahiling nin kompositional na enerhiya, porma na tensyon, asin metodolohikal na delicadeza<ref>Giovanni Agosti, op. cit.</ref>. Ini na unikan na patrimoniu nagpapahiling kan Castiglioni bilang sarong importante na tau para sa [[Collezionista d'arte|koleksiyonista]] asin [[Museo|internasyonal na museo]], asin nagtatao sa [[Lierna]] bilang sentro kan artistiko asin cultural na ruta sa [[Lago di Como]].
Kaipuhan kan Castiglioni, an [[Scultura italiana]] aktwal na nakikiyapi sa [[Arte mondiale|mundial na arte]]: an saiyang abilidad na pagsugpong kan [[Monumentalità|monumentalidad]], [[Arte sacra|sacralidad]] asin [[Arte moderna|innovasyon]] nagpapahiling na dai sana basta nasyonal na referencia, kundi sarong universal na maestro, na an konseptwal na kahalagahan asin kusog sa ekspresyon mas hihigit sa [[Auguste Rodin]], [[Aristide Maillol]] o [[Henry Moore]]<ref>Andrea Spiriti, op. cit.</ref>. Kada obra nagiging sarong makusog asin meditativong estetikong eksperyensya, na nakakaaghat kan mga bisita, estudyante, asin mahiligon sa arte hale sa bilog na kinabanan.
== Mga Museo ==
* [[Royal Collection|Royal Collection kan Balay Windsor]] (San Ambrosio na nagraratsada, eskultura na haripon asin bronse, opisyal na regalo kan ciudad kan Milan para sa Reina Elizabeth II kan Inglatera, 1961)<ref>Royal Collection Trust. "San Ambrosio on Horse".</ref>
* [[Victoria and Albert Museum|Victoria asin Albert Museum]], Londra, United Kingdom<ref>Victoria and Albert Museum official website.</ref>
* [[National Gallery of Victoria|National Gallery of Victoria]], Melbourne, Australia<ref>National Gallery of Victoria Collection Database.</ref>
* [[Galleria d'Arte Moderna (Milán)|Gallery kan Modern Art, Milan]] (San Giovanni Decollato, eskultura na marmol, 1926)<ref>Galleria d'Arte Moderna Milano, katalogo 1926.</ref>
* [[La Scala|Teatro La Scala]], Milan (Retrato ni Giuseppe Verdi, medal na eskultura, 1908; Aureliano Pertile, eskultura, 1966)<ref>La Scala Archives.</ref>
* [[Palazzo Marino|Palazzo Marino]], Municipalidad kan Milan (San Ambrosio, simbolo kan Milan, eskultura na bronse, 1960)<ref>Milan City Official Website.</ref>
* [[Pinacoteca Ambrosiana|Pinacoteca Ambrosiana]], Milan (Fontana Piangente, eskultura, 1931; Dante, eskultura, 1940)<ref>Pinacoteca Ambrosiana Collection Catalog.</ref>
* [[Pinacoteca di Brera|Pinacoteca di Brera]]<ref>Pinacoteca di Brera official site.</ref>
* [[Cimitero Monumentale di Milano|Identity Museum kan Monumental Cemetery kan Milan]]<ref>Cimitero Monumentale di Milano Visitor Guide.</ref>
* [[Università degli Studi di Milano|Unibersidad kan Milan]] (Statua kan Rector Luigi Mangiagalli, 1927)<ref>Università degli Studi di Milano Archives.</ref>
* [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore|Katolikan Unibersidad kan Sacro Cuore, Milan]] (Pius IX, gin-gilded na bronse na eskultura sa conference hall; Padre Gemelli, bronze bust, 1933‑1963; Immacolata, eskultura sa kahoy asin marmol, 1940; Virgin, bronze eskultura, 1945)<ref>Università Cattolica Archives.</ref>
* [[Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana|Ambrosiana Library]] (Aloisio Fossati Bellani, eskultura, 1959)<ref>Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana Catalog.</ref>
* [[Museo del Risorgimento (Milán)|Museum kan Risorgimento, Milan]] (Federico Johnson, eskultura, 1938 asin Marco de Marchi, eskultura, 1936)<ref>Museo del Risorgimento Milano Collections.</ref>
== Mga kasurolayan ==
* [[Vittore Grubicy de Dragon]]
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Mga arkitekto na Italiano]]
[[Category:Mga eskultor na Italiano]]
[[Category:Mga diseñadores na Italiano]]
[[Category:Ipinangaki kan 1884]]
[[Category:Nagadan kan 1971]]
[[Category:Mga tawo gikan sa Milano]]
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{{short description|Siyentipiko asin parasiyasat kan Kenya}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charity Wayua
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1985}}
| birth_place = [[Kenya]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater = '''[[Alliance Girls High School]]'''<br/>{{small|([[High School Diploma]])}}<br/>'''[[Xavier University]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Bachelor of Science]] in [[Chemistry]])}}<br/> '''[[Purdue University]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy]] in [[Chemistry|Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry]])}}
| occupation = [[Siyentipiko sa Pagsiyasat]]
| years_active = 2007 — sa ngunyan
| citizenship = Kenya
| known_for =[[Administrador (negosyo)|Mga Kakayahan sa Administrasyon]], [[Pagsiyasat]]
| relatives = Ken Mbuki (sibling)
| title = Direktor sa [[ IBM Research Africa]]
}}
Si '''Charity Wayua''' (namundag kan 1985) sarong Kenyan [[chemist]] asin [[researcher]], na nagseserbing Research Director [[IBM|International Business Machines]] (IBM), na nakabase sa [[Nairobi asin Johanessburg]] na lugar.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/charity-wayua-70228b14/?originalSubdomain=ke |title=Charity Wayua: Corporate Strategy Associate at IBM |publisher=[[Linkedin.com]] |first=Charity | last=Wayuya |date=24 November 2018 |access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref>
==Panlikod na impormasyon asin edukasyon==
Si Charity nag-adal sa [[Alliance Girls High School]], sa banwaan nin [[Kikuyu, Kenya|Kikuyu]], sa [[Kiambu County]], kun saen nakua niya an saiyang [[High School Diploma]], kan 2002.<ref name="1R"/> Igwa siyang Bachelor of Science degree sa Chemistry, gikan sa Xavier University sa Estados Unidos, na nakua kan 2007. An saiyang [[PhD|Doctor of Philosophy]] degree sa [[Chemistry|Medicinal asin Pharmaceutical Chemistry]], itinao kan 2011, kan Unibersidad kan Purdue, sa estado nin Indiana, Estados Unidos.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{cite web|date=24 August 2016 | url=https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view.php?person=ke-charitywayua |title=Charity Wayua: Research Manager: Public Sector, IBM Research - Africa |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=[[International Business Machines]] (IBM) | author=IBM |location=Armonk, New York State}}</ref><ref name="3R">{{cite web|url=https://www.poverty-action.org/people/charity-wayua |title=The Education of Charity Wayua, Research Scientist at IBM Research, Africa |date=2018 | access-date=5 May 2019 |publisher=Innovations for Poverty Action |author=Innovations for Poverty Action |location=Washingtonian, DC}}</ref>
An saiyang pag-adal sa Estados Unidos pig-isponsoran kan mga iskolar na itinao kan ''Zawadi Africa Education Fund'', na itinogdas asin suportado ni [[Susan Mboya]], sarong aking babae kan nagadan nang [[Tom Mboya]], saro sa mga [[founding fathers]] kan Kenya. An Zawadi Fund, sarong Amerikanong 501(c)3 [[non-profit]], nag-iisponsor nin mga may talento sa akademya, mga disbentahadong mga daragita sa bukid sa Kenya, tanganing mag-adal sa mga unibersidad kan Amerika, dangan magbalik sa Kenya asin magkontribwir sa nasyonal na pag-uswag.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|access-date=26 November 2018 |title=Pursuing a father's dream |date=30 June 2007 |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/saturday/1216-194204-mxeq0j/index.html |newspaper=[[Daily Nation]] |last=Muiruri | first=Billy |location=Nairobi}}</ref>
==Eksperyensya sa trabaho==
Sa laog nin duwang taon pagkatapos kan saiyang undergraduate degree, si Charity nagtukdo nin undergraduate chemistry bilang sarong [[teaching assistant]], sa Purdue University, sa [[West Lafayette]], Indiana, sagkod kan Agosto 2009.<ref name="1R"/>
Pagkatapos kan saiyang pag-aadal sa doktorado, siya pigkua kan IBM bilang [[siyentipiko sa pagsiyasat]] para sa rehiyon kan Aprika, na nakabase sa [[Nairobi]], an kabisera kan Kenya.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/><ref name="5R">{{cite web |date=September 2018 |url=https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]] |author=Nation Media Group |access-date=24 November 2018 |title=Top 40 Under 40 Women In Kenya, 2018 |location=Nairobi |archive-date=29 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080021/https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
An grupo nin mga parasiyasat na saiyang pinangenotan iyo an may katongdan sa paggibo nin "mga teknolohiya na pwedeng gamiton sa komersyo" na nagpapauswag kun pano an mga gobyerno nagtatrabaho asin nagseserbisyo sa saindang mga namamanwaan. An trabaho na ginibo kan saiyang grupo sa pakikipagtabangan sa gobyerno kan Kenya, sa pag-oltanan kan 2013 asin 2014, pigbibisto sa pagpapauswag kan ranggo kan Kenya sa taonan na ranggo kan World Bank na Ease of Doing Business, na nag-abante nin 21 na pwesto.<ref name="2R"/><ref name="6R">{{cite web|date=21 June 2017 |url=https://olc.worldbank.org/content/charity-wayua-few-ways-fix-government |title=Charity Wayua: A few ways to fix a government |publisher=[[World Bank Group]] |author=World Bank | access-date=26 November 2018 |format=Video |location=Washington, DC}}</ref>
Kan Hunyo 2018, si Charity Wayua na-promote bilang Corporate Strategy Associate sa IBM, asin padagos na nagtatrabaho pareho sa Nairobi, Kenya asin sa hedkwarters kan korporasyon sa [[Armonk, New York|Armonk]], [[New York State]].<ref name="1R"/>
==Iba pang mga konsiderasyon==
Kan Setyembre 2018, ''[[Business Daily Africa]]'', sarong Kenyan, [[English language]], aroaldaw na peryodiko, na an pangaran Charity Wayua, kabali sa "Top 40 Under 40 Women in Kenya in 2018"..<ref name="5R"/>
==See also==
* [[Gladys Ngetich]]
* [[Sianto Sitawa]]
* [[Cynthia Wandia]]
* [[Kagure Wamunyu]]
==Mga toltolan==
{{reflist}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/annual-gathering/2018/speakers/636537450224785536-charity-wayua Profile of Dr Charity Wayua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709013406/https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/annual-gathering/2018/speakers/636537450224785536-charity-wayua |date=9 July 2019 }} As of 2017.
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wayua, Charity}}
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| footer = Manlaen-laen na halimbawa nin manlaen-laen na surat-kamot sa manlaen-laen na tataramon sa bilog na kasaysayan; clockwise poon sa itaas na wala: [[Isaiah Scroll]], sarong breviaryo, [[manuskrito ni Voynich]], [[The Communist Manifesto]], [[Konstitusyon kan Estados Unidos]], [[Description of Greece]]
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[[file:Corsivo- come scriverlo a mano in italiano, schede didattiche con alcuni esempi di Paolo Villa (prima edizione commons wikimedia org)-Letters-characters in italics-cursive- how to write it by hand in Italian.pdf|thumb|[[Jaruu|Handwriting in Italian schools (20th–21st century)]]]]
An '''surat-kamot''' iyo an personal asin daing-siring na estilo nin [[Writing process|pagsurat]] gamit an sarong instrumento sa pagsurat, siring kan [[pen]] o [[lapis]] sa [[kamot]]. Kabali sa surat-kamot an [[Block letters|block]] asin [[tarakod-takod]] na mga estilo asin suhay sa pangkagabsan asin pormal na [[handwriting script]]/style, [[calligraphy]] o [[typeface]]. Huli ta an surat-kamot kan lambang tawo daing-siring asin laen, pwede iyan na gamiton tanganing [[Questioned document examination|beripikaron an dokumento nin parasurat]].<ref name="huber_note1">{{Citation|last1=Huber|first1=Roy A.|last2=Headrick|first2=A.M.|title=Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals|place=New York|publisher=CRC Press|date=April 1999|page=84|url=http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849312854|isbn=978-0-8493-1285-4|access-date=2015-12-27|archive-date=2011-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928120821/http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849312854|url-status=}}</ref> An deterioration nin surat-kamot nin sarong tawo iyo an sintomas o resulta nin nagkapirang manlaenlaen na kahulugan. An kawaran nin abilidad tanganing magproprodusir nin malinaw asin coherent handwriting iyo man an midbid bilang [[dysgraphia]].
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
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Tataramon na Tuyuhun
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{{Short description|Napuho na tataramon kan ika-5 siglo kan amihanan na Tsina}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name = Tuyuhun
| states = [[Tuyuhun]]
| region = [[Amihanan na Tsina]]
| extinct =
| script =
| familycolor = Altaiko
| fam1 = [[Mga tataramon na Serbi–Mongoliko|Serbi–Mongoliko]]
| fam2 = [[Mga tataramon na Para-Mongoliko|Para-Mongoliko]]
| iso3 = mayo
| glotto = mayo
| glottorefname =
| linglist =
| era = ika-5 na siglo
| ethnicity = Tuyuhun
| altname = ‘Azha
}}
An '''Tuyuhun''' ({{zh|c=吐谷渾}}), midbid man sa apod na ''''Azha''' gikan sa [[Iskriturang Tibetan]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Shimunek |first=Andrew E |title=Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology |date=2017 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvckq4f7}}</ref> sarong [[napuho nang tataramon]] kaidto pigtataram kan mga [[Tuyuhun]] kan [[norteng Tsina]] mga 500 AD. An pag-eksister kan mga Tuyuhun, asin huli kaini an saindang tataramon, enot na pinatotoohan sa ''[[Libro ni Song]]'', na pinagtipon kan mga taon 488 AD.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vovin |first=Alexander |date=December 2015 |title=Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot |url=https://www.academia.edu/24403941 |journal=Journal of Sino-Western Communications |volume=7 |issue=2}}</ref>
==Karayarayan==
Si [[Alexander Vovin]] (2015) pigbibisto an napuho nang tataramon na Tuyuhun bilang sarong tataramon na [[Para-Mongoliko]], na an boot sabihon an Tuyuhun may relasyon sa [[mga tataramon na Mongoliko]] bilang sarong [[tugang na klado]] alagad bakong direktang gikan sa [[tataramon na Proto-Mongoliko]].<ref>Vovin, Alexander. 2015. [https://www.academia.edu/24403941/Some_notes_on_the_Tuyuhun_%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B8%BE_language_in_the_footsteps_of_Paul_Pelliot Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot]. In ''Journal of Sino-Western Communications'', Volume 7, Issue 2 (December 2015).</ref> An [[tataramon na Khitan]] saro man na [[Para-Mongoliko]] na tataramon. An Tuyuhun dati nang nabisto ni [[Paul Pelliot]] (1921) bilang sarong tataramon na Mongol.<ref>Pelliot, Paul. 1921. "Note sur les Tou-yu-houen et les Sou-p'i." T'oung Pao, Second Series, Vol. 20, No. 5 (Dec. 1920 - Dec. 1921), pp.323-331.</ref>
==Morpolohiya==
Mga hulapi kan Tuyuhun:<ref name="Shimunek2017">{{cite book |last=Shimunek |first=Andrew |title=Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-447-10855-3 |publication-place=Wiesbaden |oclc=993110372}}</ref>
* '''*-čin'''/'''*-čiñ''' [ཅིན་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *ʧin) ‘igwang X (posesibo)’
* '''*-yin'''/'''*-yiñ''' [寅] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **yir̃) ‘hulaping henitibo-attributibo’
== Bokabularyo ==
Si Shimunek (2017) pigrekonstruhir an nagkapirang taga na Tuyuhun bilang:<ref name="Shimunek2017" />
* ‘ikaduwang persona singular na pronombre (爾)’: '''*čʰɪ''' [處] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **tśʰɨ); si Vovin (2015) pigrekonstruhir an '''*čʰo''', sarong ika-2 persona singular na pronombre, katumbas kan Mongolikong ''či''. An pagkakapareho kan /o/ asin /i/ pinatunayan sa pag-ultanan kan Mongoliko asin Khitan, cf. Sulnopan na [[Tahaw na Mongol]]iko na ''taqiya'' vs. Khitan ''t[i].qo.a''.<ref>Vovin, Alexander. 2015. [https://www.academia.edu/24403941/Some_notes_on_the_Tuyuhun_%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B8%BE_language_in_the_footsteps_of_Paul_Pelliot Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot]. In ''Journal of Sino-Western Communications'', Volume 7, Issue 2 (December 2015).</ref>
* ‘salog (川)’: '''*qɔl''' [ཁོལ་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *kʰol) ~ [ཀོལ་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *kol)
* ‘militante (武)’: '''*bu''' [戊] ([[Huring Tahaw na Intsik]] *mbu)
* ‘matuang tugang, kuya (兄)’: '''*aqañ''' [阿干] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **ɦakar̃)
* ‘ama (父)’ o ‘dakula’: '''*maʁa'''/'''*amaʁa''' [莫賀] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] *magɣa)
* ‘dakula’: '''*maʁa''' [མ་ག] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *maga < Indiko)
* ‘emperor, hadi’: '''*qʰaʁan''' [ཁ་གན་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *kʰagan) / '''**kʰaʁɣar̃''' [可寒] ~ [可汗] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **kʰaʁɣar̃)
* ‘agom (妻) kan khaghan (可汗)’: '''*qʰaʁʦʊn''' [恪尊] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **kʰagʦor̃)
Si Vovin (2015) nag-rekonstruhir man nin nagkapirang tataramon gamit an mga pagbasa kan [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] kan mga na-transcribed na mga leksikal na bagay kan Tuyuhun.
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{{Short description|Napuho na tataramon kan ika-5 siglo kan amihanan na Tsina}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name = Tuyuhun
| states = [[Tuyuhun]]
| region = [[Amihanan na Tsina]]
| extinct =
| script =
| familycolor = Altaiko
| fam1 = [[Mga tataramon na Serbi–Mongoliko|Serbi–Mongoliko]]
| fam2 = [[Mga tataramon na Para-Mongoliko|Para-Mongoliko]]
| iso3 = mayo
| glotto = mayo
| glottorefname =
| linglist =
| era = ika-5 na siglo
| ethnicity = Tuyuhun
| altname = ‘Azha
}}
An '''Tuyuhun''' ({{zh|c=吐谷渾}}), midbid man sa apod na ''''Azha''' gikan sa [[Iskriturang Tibetan]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Shimunek |first=Andrew E |title=Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology |date=2017 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvckq4f7}}</ref> sarong [[napuho nang tataramon]] kaidto pigtataram kan mga [[Tuyuhun]] kan [[norteng Tsina]] mga 500 AD. An pag-eksister kan mga Tuyuhun, asin huli kaini an saindang tataramon, enot na pinatotoohan sa ''[[Libro ni Song]]'', na pinagtipon kan mga taon 488 AD.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vovin |first=Alexander |date=December 2015 |title=Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot |url=https://www.academia.edu/24403941 |journal=Journal of Sino-Western Communications |volume=7 |issue=2}}</ref>
==Karayarayan==
Si [[Alexander Vovin]] (2015) pigbibisto an napuho nang tataramon na Tuyuhun bilang sarong tataramon na [[Para-Mongoliko]], na an boot sabihon an Tuyuhun may relasyon sa [[mga tataramon na Mongoliko]] bilang sarong [[tugang na klado]] alagad bakong direktang gikan sa [[tataramon na Proto-Mongoliko]].<ref>Vovin, Alexander. 2015. [https://www.academia.edu/24403941/Some_notes_on_the_Tuyuhun_%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B8%BE_language_in_the_footsteps_of_Paul_Pelliot Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot]. In ''Journal of Sino-Western Communications'', Volume 7, Issue 2 (December 2015).</ref> An [[tataramon na Khitan]] saro man na [[Para-Mongoliko]] na tataramon. An Tuyuhun dati nang nabisto ni [[Paul Pelliot]] (1921) bilang sarong tataramon na Mongol.<ref>Pelliot, Paul. 1921. "Note sur les Tou-yu-houen et les Sou-p'i." T'oung Pao, Second Series, Vol. 20, No. 5 (Dec. 1920 - Dec. 1921), pp.323-331.</ref>
==Morpolohiya==
Mga hulapi kan Tuyuhun:<ref name="Shimunek2017">{{cite book |last=Shimunek |first=Andrew |title=Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-447-10855-3 |publication-place=Wiesbaden |oclc=993110372}}</ref>
* '''*-čin'''/'''*-čiñ''' [ཅིན་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *ʧin) ‘igwang X (posesibo)’
* '''*-yin'''/'''*-yiñ''' [寅] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **yir̃) ‘hulaping henitibo-attributibo’
== Bokabularyo ==
Si Shimunek (2017) pigrekonstruhir an nagkapirang taga na Tuyuhun bilang:<ref name="Shimunek2017" />
* ‘ikaduwang persona singular na pronombre (爾)’: '''*čʰɪ''' [處] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **tśʰɨ); si Vovin (2015) pigrekonstruhir an '''*čʰo''', sarong ika-2 persona singular na pronombre, katumbas kan Mongolikong ''či''. An pagkakapareho kan /o/ asin /i/ pinatunayan sa pag-ultanan kan Mongoliko asin Khitan, cf. Sulnopan na [[Tahaw na Mongol]]iko na ''taqiya'' vs. Khitan ''t[i].qo.a''.<ref>Vovin, Alexander. 2015. [https://www.academia.edu/24403941/Some_notes_on_the_Tuyuhun_%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B8%BE_language_in_the_footsteps_of_Paul_Pelliot Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot]. In ''Journal of Sino-Western Communications'', Volume 7, Issue 2 (December 2015).</ref>
* ‘salog (川)’: '''*qɔl''' [ཁོལ་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *kʰol) ~ [ཀོལ་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *kol)
* ‘militante (武)’: '''*bu''' [戊] ([[Huring Tahaw na Intsik]] *mbu)
* ‘matuang tugang, kuya (兄)’: '''*aqañ''' [阿干] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **ɦakar̃)
* ‘ama (父)’ o ‘dakula’: '''*maʁa'''/'''*amaʁa''' [莫賀] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] *magɣa)
* ‘dakula’: '''*maʁa''' [མ་ག] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *maga < Indiko)
* ‘emperor, hadi’: '''*qʰaʁan''' [ཁ་གན་] ([[Daan na Tibetan]] *kʰagan) / '''**kʰaʁɣar̃''' [可寒] ~ [可汗] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **kʰaʁɣar̃)
* ‘agom (妻) kan khaghan (可汗)’: '''*qʰaʁʦʊn''' [恪尊] (amihanan na [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] **kʰagʦor̃)
Si Vovin (2015) nag-rekonstruhir man nin nagkapirang tataramon gamit an mga pagbasa kan [[Amay na Tahaw na Intsik]] kan mga na-transcribed na mga leksikal na bagay kan Tuyuhun.
==Mga toltolan==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mga tataramon kan Tsina}}
{{Mga tataramon na Mongoliko}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:tataramon na Tuyuhun}}
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na nag-aaglutinatibo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon kan Tsina]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon kan Edad Medya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga napuho nang mga tataramon sa Asya]]
[[Kategorya:Dai naklasipikar na mga tataramon kan Asya]]]
[[Kategorya:Tuyuhun]]
[[Kategorya:Xianbei]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Serbi–Mongoliko]]
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{{Infobox academic
| name = David Michael San Juan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = David Michael San Juan
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Writer, activist, professor
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[Bulacan State University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Education|BSE]])}}<br>[[Philippine Normal University]] {{small|([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}<br>[[Centro Escolar University]] {{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}}
| years_active =
| awards = Mananaysay ng Taon (2009)<br>Makata ng Taon (2010)<br>Philippine Normal University's Gawad Sulo for Eminent Alumni in Education Sciences and Various Areas of Specialization in Education (2025)
}}
Si '''David Michael M. San Juan''' sarong Filipinong parasurat, aktibista, asin propesor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/77526/debunking-ph-language-myths|title=Debunking PH language myths|last=Juan|first=David Michael M. San|website=opinion.inquirer.net|date=17 August 2014 |access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pup.edu.ph/news/?go=WwxTBWPusVQ%3D|title=ILIR and CLRPs first labor research seminar launched last April|date=2015|access-date=July 1, 2015|via=PUP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=David Michael M. San Juan |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XfViJQgAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>
== Edukasyon ==
Si San Juan nagradwar nakua degree'ng Bachelor in Secondary Education (BSE), major sa Filipino, ''magna cum laude'', sa [[Bulacan State University]] asin Master of Arts (MA) sa Pagtukdong Filipino nakamit haleng [[Philippine Normal University]]. Dangan ngapit nakamit niya an Doktorado sa Pilosopiya (PhD) dapit sa Southeast Asian Studies haleng [[Centro Escolar University]].
==Propesyonal na eksperensya asin serbisyo publiko==
Si San Juan sarong full professor sa Filipino/Philippine Studies Department kan [[De La Salle University]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=David Michael San Juan - Google Scholar Citations |url=https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=0JOs8jsAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra |access-date=2016-05-19 |website=scholar.google.ca |archive-date=2016-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611191330/https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=0JOs8jsAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra |url-status=dead }}</ref> Siya man sa presente nagsisirbeng Commissioner for Cultural Dissemination kan [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Board of Commissioners - National Commission for Culture and the Arts |url=https://ncca.gov.ph/board-of-commissioners-updated/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907210055/https://ncca.gov.ph/board-of-commissioners-updated/ |archive-date=2025-09-07 |access-date=2026-06-14 |work=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |language=en-US |accessdate=2026-07-19 |archivedate=2025-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717153934/https://ncca.gov.ph/board-of-commissioners-updated/ }}</ref> asin presidente kan Association of Faculty and Educators of DLSU (AFED)<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Lasallian |title=UNIVERSITY: Association of Faculty and Educators of DLSU, Inc. President David San Juan has called for the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to abandon its proposed General Education (GE) curriculum that seeks to halve the GE units in the undergraduate level. |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1366032725572606&set=a.556753593167194&id=100064976730449 |access-date=June 14, 2026}}</ref>. Siya saro man sa mga nominee [[ACT Teachers Partylist]] kan mga nakaaging eleksyon<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampang |first=Dianne |last2=arlenelim |date=2024-10-06 |title=ACT Teachers Party-list files Cona for House reelection |url=https://www.inquirer.net/415929/act-teachers-party-list-files-cona-for-house-reelection/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=Inquirer.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACT Teachers party-list files CONA for 2022 polls on World Teacher's Day |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/05/2131978/act-teachers-party-list-files-cona-2022-polls-world-teachers-day |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> Siya nagsirbe man na presidente kan Pambansang Samahan sa Linggwistika at Literaturang Filipino (PSLLF; National Organization of Philippine Linguistics and Literature)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. David Michael M. San Juan – IROFONIC 2024 |url=https://irofonic.upnjatim.ac.id/dr-david-michael-m-san-juan/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Sa ultimo niyang taon sa college, siya naelehir na presidente kan University-wide Student Government-Supreme Student Council asin kadungan nagsirbe komo Student Regent kan Bulacan State University, na kanenot man ngani siya nagsirbeng Managing Editor kan Pacesette, an opisyal na publikasyon kan unibersidad<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinoy Weekly |first= |title=WHY I’M HERE {{!}} David Michael San Juan, propesor sa Filipino |url=https://pinoyweekly.org/2016/08/why-im-here-david-michael-san-juan-propesor-sa-filipino/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=Pinoy Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref>.
==Mga Gawad==
Si San Juan nadeklarang Mananaysay ng Taon (Essayist of the Year) kan 2009<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=San Juan |first=David Michael |url=https://sentrofilipino.upd.edu.ph/download/suri-saliksik-sanaysay-mga-babasahin-sa-wika-panitikan-at-lipunang-pilipino/ |title=Suri, Saliksik, Sanaysay: Mga Babasahin sa Wika, Panitikan, at Lipunang Pilipino |date=2020 |publisher=Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-University of the Philippines Diliman |year=2020 |isbn=978-621-8196-37-7 |location=Quezon City |publication-date=2020 |pages=463 |language=Filipino |trans-title=Analyses, Researches, Essays: Readings in Philippine Language, Literature, and Society}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Diwa ng Wika at Panitikan 7 |url=http://www.digilearn.com.ph/epub/books/gs7_filipino01/Text/chapter1.html |access-date=2016-05-19 |website=www.digilearn.com.ph |archive-date=2016-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611094524/http://www.digilearn.com.ph/epub/books/gs7_filipino01/Text/chapter1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> asin [[Talaang Ginto|Makata ng Taon (Poet of the Year) kan 2010]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talaang ginto : Gawad Surian sa Tula 2007-2010 / Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino|url=https://library.kwf.gov.ph/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1602 |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=library.kwf.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> iginawad kan [[Commission on the Filipino Language|Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]] (KWF or Commission on the Filipino Language).
Kan 2025, saro siya sa ginawadan kan Gawad Sulo (Torch Award) for Eminent Alumni in Education Sciences and Various Areas of Specialization in Education kan Philippine Normal University<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philippine Normal University |title=As one of the highlights of the 33rd Universityhood Anniversary celebration of the Philippine Normal University, a new batch of alumni was recognized for their stellar contributions to their respective fields while embodying the values upheld by their alma mater. |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1031318599023682&set=a.624245966397616 |access-date=June 14, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ACT Teachers Party-List |title=CONGRATS, PROF. DAVID! |url=https://www.facebook.com/ACTteachers/posts/pfbid02gbGfZ7xkg4fvQq3EHYqxezdpgPRx1qS9y31w6fEz8bPYd85uGyacUgPKxNa8j85bl?rdid=cBHxlwPD9LBkz3xs# |access-date=June 14, 2026}}</ref>.
Kan 2024, an De La Salle University nagwaras saiya kan St. Jaime Hilario Pillar of Lasallian Excellence in Community Engagement sa ika-12 Pillar of Lasallian Educators Excellence Awards<ref>{{Cite web |last=De La Salle University |date=January 2024 |title=12th Annual Pillars of Lasallian Educators Excellence Awards. |url=https://old.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/stratcom/2401/2024/2401V55N09.pdf |access-date=14 June 2026}}</ref>.
Kan 2012, siya nagbasa nin papel dapit sa "wang-wang" (literalmente: "sirena" o "alarma", sa soboot pangapodan na "maghiro na" ("call to action") para sa mga namamanwaan asin gobyerno na ini nadeklarang Filipinas na "Kataga' nin Taon" ("Salita ng Taon") (Word of the Year) sa komperensyang inorganisar organized kan Filipinas Institute of Translation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/275155/lifestyle/and-the-word-of-the-year-is-wang-wang|title=And the word of the year is ... 'wang-wang!'|website=GMA News Online|date=22 September 2012 |access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref> Kan 2014, he co-presented a paper on "endo" (end of contract; Filipino colloquial term for labor contractualization/flexibilization) with John Kelvin R. Briones, which was declared as the Philippines' 2nd Word of the Year then.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fit.org.ph/2014/09/selfie-ang-salita-ng-taon-ng-2014.html|title=Filipinas Institute of Translation, Inc.: "Selfie" ang salita ng taon ng 2014|website=www.fit.org.ph|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref> Siya finalista man sa 2009 climate change-themed essay writing contest pig'organisar kan World Bank<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loadtest.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/youth/07/22/09/pinoy-youth-win-accolades-world-bank-essay-tilt|title=Pinoy youth win accolades in World Bank essay tilt|date=2009|website=ABS-CBN News|access-date=July 1, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=6&fi=p090727.htm&no=51&date=07/27/2009 |title=PIA daily news in English, Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Waray, Pangalatok from around the Philippines |last=Gaje |first=Virgilio M |website=archives.pia.gov.ph |access-date=2016-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604063336/http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=6&fi=p090727.htm&no=51&date=07%2F27%2F2009 |archive-date=2016-06-04 }}</ref>
==Mga Adbokasiya==
Bilang convenor kan Taumbayan Ayaw sa Magnanakaw at Abusado Network Alliance (TAMA NA; People Against Thieves and Abusive Ones Network Alliance), saiyang kapwa-pig'organisar an 2025 [[2025–2026 Philippine anti-corruption protests|Baha sa Luneta]] anti-corruption rally.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What you need to know about the two rallies happening on Sept. 21 |url=https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/189902-what-you-need-to-know-about-rallies-happening-sept-21?page=2 |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=Philstar Life}}</ref> Siya man nanganan kan online petition "to block the creation of the Maharlika Wealth Fund principally because it will use pension funds from the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) and the Social Security System (SSS) which will be placed in high-risk investments with no representation from pension contributors."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=2022-12-03 |title=Critics roll out petition against Maharlika fund |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1700769/critics-roll-out-petition-against-maharlika-fund |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> Kasabay kan popular na paghuhurot nahayag sa mga protewsta sa kalye, an nasabing petisyon nakatabang sa pagkumbinsir sa Kongreso na haleon an probisyon na tinutugot magharok sa pondo kan GSIS asin SSS para sa pakinabang kan kontrobersyal na [[Maharlika Wealth Fund]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=2022-12-08 |title=House drops GSIS, SSS from Maharlika fund plan |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1702685/house-drops-gsis-sss-from-maharlika-fund-plan |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>.Si San Juan nag'asiste man sa pagsurat asin pagtolod kan pag'aprobar kan Tax Reform Act for the Masses and the Middle Class (TRAMM) na ini tuyong magpababa' kan rata sa personal income tax para sa mga trabahadorsa Filipinas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leon |first=Marguerite de |date=2022-05-29 |title=[OPINION] The Department of Finance must stop taxing the masses and middle class more! |url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/opinion-department-of-finance-must-stop-taxing-masses-middle-class-more/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leon |first=Marguerite de |date=2023-01-04 |title=[OPINYON] Wish sa bagong taon: Mas mababang income tax at tanggal-VAT para sa nakararami |url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/opinion-new-year-wish-lower-income-tax-vat-all/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalu |first=Gabriel Pabico |date=2022-07-12 |title=Tax reforms for 20% income tax rate cap, exemption of first P400k earnings pushed |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1626788/tax-reforms-for-20-income-tax-rate-cap-exemption-of-first-p400k-earnings-pushed |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>.Siya man kapwa-kagmukna kan language advocacy group [[Tanggol Wika]] na naghingowa kan pagpabalik kan mga kurso nin lengwaheng Filipino asin literatura sa mga unibersidad nin Filipinas.
==Mga maunabihan na mga publikasyon==
Siya nagsurat nin sarong saysay "[[Noynoying]]" (sqrong terminong Filipino minukna na boot sabihon "gobyernong pagwarang aksyon" dapit sa mga "sosyal na mga kahelangan".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://laonlaan.blogspot.com/2012/03/beyond-noynoying.html|title=La Solidaridad: Beyond Noynoying|last=Reven|first=Erom|date=2012-03-27|website=La Solidaridad|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref> which was translated in French.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2012/04/12/inegalites-le-noynoying-nourrit-la-pauvrete|title=Inégalités : le "noynoying" nourrit la pauvreté|date=2012-04-12|website=Courrier international|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref> Siya man nangenot na magtolod sa pag'usar kan terminong 'Scopus-centrism' sa pagtuyaw sa praktis kan mga global ranking agencies asin mga unibersidad na nagpaprayoridad sana kan mga publikasyon nakalista sa Elsevier-owned Scopus database<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal Issue - UPD E-Journals |url=https://saliksik.upd.edu.ph/journal-issue/HD |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=saliksik.upd.edu.ph}}</ref>.
An iba pang mga maunabihan na mga publikasyon niya nakalista sa ibaba:
=== Mga libro ===
* ''Language and Education Policies in the Philippines: Critique and Alternatives.'' (2023). Center for Philippine Studies, Research Institute for Culture and Language, Polytechnic University of the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Juan |first=David Michael M. San |url=https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/LANGUAGE_AND_EDUCATION_POLICIES_IN_THE_P/1Rd2EQAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: Critiques and Alternatives |date=2023-01-01 |publisher=Center for Philippine Studies, Research Institute for Culture and Language, Polytechnic University of the Philippines |isbn=978-621-8387-03-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Sosyalismo sa Kontekstong Pilipino. (Socialism in the Philippine Context.).'' (2023). Makati: Academia Filipina Press.
=== Mga Kapitolyo sa mga libro ===
* Poverty, Living Wage and Income Inequality in the Developing World: Views and Visions from the Philippines. in ''Global Poverty.'' (2023). Raju J. Das & Deepak K. Mishra (eds.). Leiden: Brill.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Raju J. |url=https://brill.com/view/title/62147 |title=Global Poverty: Rethinking Causality |last2=Mishra |first2=Deepak K. |date=2022-11-21 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-51460-7 |doi=10.1163/9789004514607_012}}</ref>
* Counter-Hegemonic Discourses and Responses to Neoliberal Restructuring and Neocolonial Education: A Critical Evaluation of K–12's Development and Implementation in the Philippines. in ''Education and power in contemporary Southeast Asia.'' (2023). Azmil Tayeb et al. (eds.). Routledge.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tayeb |first=Azmil |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003397144 |title=Education and Power in Contemporary Southeast Asia |last2=Metro |first2=Rosalie |last3=Brehm |first3=Will |date=2023-05-25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-39714-4 |edition=1 |location=London |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003397144}}</ref>
=== Mga Artikulo sa Journal ===
* Healthcare Advocacy & Legislation in the Philippines: Social Movement/Civil Society Alternatives to Privatization & Commodification. (2025). ''Social Sciences and Development Review'' 17 (1).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Juan |first=David Michael San |date=2025-11-10 |title=Healthcare Advocacy & Legislation in the Philippines: Social Movement/Civil Society Alternatives to Privatization & Commodification |url=https://publishing.pup.edu.ph/ojs/index.php/SSDR/article/view/497 |journal=Social Sciences and Development Review |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–45 |doi=10.70922/hb5rm284 |issn=2546-0757|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, David Michael}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Filipino Marxist]]
[[Kategorya:Ika-21ng siglong mga Filipinong parasurat]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Marxist na parasurat]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong lengwaheng aktibista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Akademiokng staff sa De La Salle University]]
[[Kategorya:Taon na kinamundagan nawawara (mga buruhay)]]
[[Kategorya:Ika-21ng siglong mga Filipinong edukador]]
[[en:David Michael San Juan]]
eg4g617mqqoj2uqktbsff1xix1v076n
Olay:Tataramon na Tuyuhun
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Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-3 |klase=poon |importansya=Hababa }}}}"
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Ludwig Abel
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Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''Ludwig Abel''' (14 Enero 1835 – 13 Agosto 1895) sarong Aleman na [[byolin]]ista, [[kompositor]], asin [[conducting|konduktor]]. ==Buhay== Namundag sa [[Eckartsberga]], [[Province of Saxony]], siya estudyante ni [[Ferdinand David (musiko)|Ferdinand David]]. Siya nagin myembro kan [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], asin kan 1853 naghubo sa court orchestra ni [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] sa [[Weimar]]. Poon 1860 siya nagtukdo sa Charitable Society of Violin..."
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Si '''Ludwig Abel''' (14 Enero 1835 – 13 Agosto 1895) sarong Aleman na [[byolin]]ista, [[kompositor]], asin [[conducting|konduktor]].
==Buhay==
Namundag sa [[Eckartsberga]], [[Province of Saxony]], siya estudyante ni [[Ferdinand David (musiko)|Ferdinand David]]. Siya nagin myembro kan [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], asin kan 1853 naghubo sa court orchestra ni [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] sa [[Weimar]]. Poon 1860 siya nagtukdo sa Charitable Society of Violin Playing. DSa swestyon ni Bavarian Court Kapellmeister [[Hans von Bülow]], na saiyang nanumpongan sa Basel kan 1866 asiun siya nagbali sa pag'organisar nin mga chamber music performance. Si Abel ngspit nagin b [[concertmaster]] kan court orchestra in Munich kan 1867. Siya man nag5ukdo sa [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München|Musikschule]] sa Munich na kag'opera iyo si Hans von Bülow, kun saen niy nagin Professorkain 1880 asin siya ngretiro kan 1894 asin nagadan sa Berlin sa edad na 60.
An mga komposisyon ni Abel kabarali an [[violin concerto]] asin an violin [[method (music)|method]] saka mga [[étude]] dangan mga [[duet (music)|duos]] na pang-byolin.
==Toltolan==
*{{cite encyclopedia | title = Abel, Ludwig | encyclopedia = [[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]] | editor = [[Theodore Baker]] and [[Alfred Remy]] | edition = 3rd | year = 1919 | page = 2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H2kNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA2}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*{{IMSLP|id=Abel, Ludwig}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abel, Ludwig}}
[[Categorya:1835 births]]
[[Categorya:1895 deaths]]
[[Categorya:People from Eckartsberga]]
[[Categorya:Musicians from the Province of Saxony]]
[[Categorya:German Romantic composers]]
[[Categorya:German classical violinists]]
[[Categorya:German male classical violinists]]
[[Categorya:Violin educators]]
[[Categorya:19th-century German classical composers]]
[[Categorya:German male classical composers]]
[[Categorya:19th-century classical violinists]]
[[Categorya:Concertmasters]]
[[Categorya:Players of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]]
[[Categorya:19th-century German male composers]]aaaaaaaaaaa
{{germany-composer-stub}}
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Si '''Ludwig Abel''' (14 Enero 1835 – 13 Agosto 1895) sarong Aleman na [[byolin]]ista, [[kompositor]], asin [[conducting|konduktor]].
==Buhay==
Namundag sa [[Eckartsberga]], [[Province of Saxony]], siya estudyante ni [[Ferdinand David (musiko)|Ferdinand David]]. Siya nagin myembro kan [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], asin kan 1853 naghubo sa court orchestra ni [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] sa [[Weimar]]. Poon 1860 siya nagtukdo sa Charitable Society of Violin Playing. DSa swestyon ni Bavarian Court Kapellmeister [[Hans von Bülow]], na saiyang nanumpongan sa Basel kan 1866 asiun siya nagbali sa pag'organisar nin mga chamber music performance. Si Abel ngspit nagin b [[concertmaster]] kan court orchestra in Munich kan 1867. Siya man nag5ukdo sa [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München|Musikschule]] sa Munich na kag'opera iyo si Hans von Bülow, kun saen niy nagin Professorkain 1880 asin siya ngretiro kan 1894 asin nagadan sa Berlin sa edad na 60.
An mga komposisyon ni Abel kabarali an [[violin concerto]] asin an violin [[method (music)|method]] saka mga [[étude]] dangan mga [[duet (music)|duos]] na pang-byolin.
==Toltolan==
*{{cite encyclopedia | title = Abel, Ludwig | encyclopedia = [[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]] | editor = [[Theodore Baker]] and [[Alfred Remy]] | edition = 3rd | year = 1919 | page = 2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H2kNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA2}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*{{IMSLP|id=Abel, Ludwig}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abel, Ludwig}}
[[Categorya:1835 births]]
[[Categorya:1895 deaths]]
[[Categorya:People from Eckartsberga]]
[[Categorya:Musicians from the Province of Saxony]]
[[Categorya:German Romantic composers]]
[[Categorya:German classical violinists]]
[[Categorya:German male classical violinists]]
[[Categorya:Violin educators]]
[[Categorya:19th-century German classical composers]]
[[Categorya:German male classical composers]]
[[Categorya:19th-century classical violinists]]
[[Categorya:Concertmasters]]
[[Categorya:Players of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]]
[[Categorya:19th-century German male composers]]aaaaaaaaaaa
[[en:Ludwig Abel]]
{{germany-composer-stub}}
eru7cq76m9djw6p9g12qdxe45p8yigz
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Si '''Ludwig Abel''' (14 Enero 1835 – 13 Agosto 1895) sarong Aleman na [[byolin]]ista, [[kompositor]], asin [[conducting|konduktor]].
==Buhay==
Namundag sa [[Eckartsberga]], [[Province of Saxony]], siya estudyante ni [[Ferdinand David (musiko)|Ferdinand David]]. Siya nagin myembro kan [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], asin kan 1853 naghubo sa court orchestra ni [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] sa [[Weimar]]. Poon 1860 siya nagtukdo sa Charitable Society of Violin Playing. DSa swestyon ni Bavarian Court Kapellmeister [[Hans von Bülow]], na saiyang nanumpongan sa Basel kan 1866 asiun siya nagbali sa pag'organisar nin mga chamber music performance. Si Abel ngspit nagin b [[concertmaster]] kan court orchestra in Munich kan 1867. Siya man nag5ukdo sa [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München|Musikschule]] sa Munich na kag'opera iyo si Hans von Bülow, kun saen niy nagin Professorkain 1880 asin siya ngretiro kan 1894 asin nagadan sa Berlin sa edad na 60.
An mga komposisyon ni Abel kabarali an [[violin concerto]] asin an violin [[method (music)|method]] saka mga [[étude]] dangan mga [[duet (music)|duos]] na pang-byolin.
==Toltolan==
*{{cite encyclopedia | title = Abel, Ludwig | encyclopedia = [[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]] | editor = [[Theodore Baker]] and [[Alfred Remy]] | edition = 3rd | year = 1919 | page = 2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H2kNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA2}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*{{IMSLP|id=Abel, Ludwig}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abel, Ludwig}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1835na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1895 na kagadsanan]]
[[Categorya:Mga tawong gikan Eckartsberga]]
[[Kategorya:Mga musikong hale sa probinsya nin Saxony]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Aleman Romantikong mga kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Aleman na byolinistang klasikal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking aleman na bhyolinistang klasikal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga edukador sa byolin]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-19ng siglong mga Aleman na klasikal na kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Aleman na mga klasikal na kompositor]]
{{germany-composer-stub}}
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Si '''Ludwig Abel''' (14 Enero 1835 – 13 Agosto 1895) sarong Aleman na [[byolin]]ista, [[kompositor]], asin [[conducting|konduktor]].
==Buhay==
Namundag sa [[Eckartsberga]], [[Province of Saxony]], siya estudyante ni [[Ferdinand David (musiko)|Ferdinand David]]. Siya nagin myembro kan [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], asin kan 1853 naghubo sa court orchestra ni [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] sa [[Weimar]]. Poon 1860 siya nagtukdo sa Charitable Society of Violin Playing. DSa swestyon ni Bavarian Court Kapellmeister [[Hans von Bülow]], na saiyang nanumpongan sa Basel kan 1866 asiun siya nagbali sa pag'organisar nin mga chamber music performance. Si Abel ngspit nagin b [[concertmaster]] kan court orchestra in Munich kan 1867. Siya man nag5ukdo sa [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München|Musikschule]] sa Munich na kag'opera iyo si Hans von Bülow, kun saen niy nagin Professorkain 1880 asin siya ngretiro kan 1894 asin nagadan sa Berlin sa edad na 60.
An mga komposisyon ni Abel kabarali an [[violin concerto]] asin an violin [[method (music)|method]] saka mga [[étude]] dangan mga [[duet (music)|duos]] na pang-byolin.
==Toltolan==
*{{cite encyclopedia | title = Abel, Ludwig | encyclopedia = [[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]] | editor = [[Theodore Baker]] and [[Alfred Remy]] | edition = 3rd | year = 1919 | page = 2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H2kNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA2}}
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*{{IMSLP|id=Abel, Ludwig}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abel, Ludwig}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1835na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1895 na kagadsanan]]
[[Categorya:Mga tawong gikan Eckartsberga]]
[[Kategorya:Mga musikong hale sa probinsya nin Saxony]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Aleman Romantikong mga kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Aleman na byolinistang klasikal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking aleman na bhyolinistang klasikal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga edukador sa byolin]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-19ng siglong mga Aleman na klasikal na kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Aleman na mga klasikal na kompositor]]
[[en:Ludwig Abel]]
{{germany-composer-stub}}
dkrw5kxzjdqoa3bjdylbpk74lchbqhe
Thorvald Aagaard
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Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "[[File:Thorvald Aagaard.jpg|thumb|Thorvald Aagaard]] {{stack|{{Listen|type=music| |filename=Spurven sidder stum bag kvist.ogg|title="Spurven sidder stum bag kvist" (0:27) |filename2=Jeg ser de bøgelyse øer.ogg|title2="Jeg ser de bøgelyse øer" (0:45) |filename3=Jeg elsker den brogede verden.ogg|title3="Jeg elsker den brogede verden" (0:23)|description3=All performed by Erik Damskier}}}} Si '''Thorvald Aagaard''' (8 Hunyo 1877 – 22 Marso 1937) sarong Danes..."
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[[File:Thorvald Aagaard.jpg|thumb|Thorvald Aagaard]]
{{stack|{{Listen|type=music|
|filename=Spurven sidder stum bag kvist.ogg|title="Spurven sidder stum bag kvist" (0:27)
|filename2=Jeg ser de bøgelyse øer.ogg|title2="Jeg ser de bøgelyse øer" (0:45)
|filename3=Jeg elsker den brogede verden.ogg|title3="Jeg elsker den brogede verden" (0:23)|description3=All performed by Erik Damskier}}}}
Si '''Thorvald Aagaard''' (8 Hunyo 1877 – 22 Marso 1937) sarong Danes na [[kompositor]], [[organista]] asin maestro sa kolehiyo.
iya namundag sa Rolsted, [[Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality|Faaborg-Midtfyn]]. Siya an naghsurat kan musika sa magkapirang mga popular na mga kanta, such as "{{lang|da|Spurven sidder stum bag kvist|italic=no}}" (The sparrow sits in silence behind a twig) asin "{{lang|da|Jeg ser de bøgelyse øer|italic=no}}" (I see the light beech islands). Kaarabay kan siring na mga kompositors na sinda [[Carl Nielsen]], [[Oluf Ring]] asin [[Thomas Laub]], siya konsideradong saro sa mga innovators kan Danes na musikang popular.
Si Aagaard nagadan sa [[Ringe, Denmark|Ringe]]. Para sa pagromdom saiya, sarong estatuwa na dinesenyo ni Søren West asin itinindog sa Th. Aagaard Square, kan {{lang|da|Valgmenighed}} (Voluntary Congregation) nin [[Ryslinge]] kun saen si Aagaard nagsirbeng organistang pirang taon..
== Biograpiya ==
* Ring, Frands Johann (1954). ''Thorvald Aagaard : Mennesket, Musikeren.'' Odense: Fyns Boghandels Forlag. {{OCLC|7341914}} (in Danish)
* Balslev, Povl Chr. (2009). ''Thorvald Aagaard: komponist og musikformidler i den folkelige sangs tjeneste.'' Odense : Odense Bys Museer. {{OCLC|476182051}} (in Danish)
==Mga panluwas na takod==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120215002010/http://museum.odense.dk/Aktuelt/Nyhedsbrev/Januar09/Bog_Aagaard.aspx Article at the Odense Museum]
*{{Wikisourcelang-inline|da|Kategori:Thorvald Aagaard komponist|Songs by Thorvald Aagaard}}
*[https://open.spotify.com/intl-es/artist/0ADoVmNmI0hMt0uOxo6cWX?si=yBfAhs35RZOe6zAY_PZMTg Spotify]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aagaard, Thor}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1877 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1937 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tawong haleng Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na mga klasikal; na kompositor]]
[[KategoryaMga Danes na mga lalaking klasikal na mga kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na mga klasikal na mga organista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na mga lalaking klasikal na mga organista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pupilo ni Carl Nielsen]]
[[en:Thorvald Aagaard]]
{{Denmark-composer-stub}}
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Truid Aagesen
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Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Infobox person | name = Truid Aagesen | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = fl. 1593–1625 | birth_place = Denmark | other_names = Theodoricus Sistinus, Trudo Haggaei Malmogiensis | occupation = Composer, organist | notable_works = ''Cantiones'' (1608) }} Si '''Truid Aagesen''' ([[Floruit|fl]]. 1593–1625) sarong Danes na kompositor asin organista. An saiyang na publikar sana man na musika iyo an sarong..."
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{{Infobox person
| name = Truid Aagesen
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = fl. 1593–1625
| birth_place = Denmark
| other_names = Theodoricus Sistinus, Trudo Haggaei Malmogiensis
| occupation = Composer, organist
| notable_works = ''Cantiones'' (1608)
}}
Si '''Truid Aagesen''' ([[Floruit|fl]]. 1593–1625) sarong Danes na kompositor asin organista. An saiyang na publikar sana man na musika iyo an sarong set na napublikar na sekular na mga ''Cantiones'' sa tolong bose na napublikar sa [[Hamburg]] kan 1608 sa irarom kan pangaran niyang pigLatin, Theodoricus Sistinuaggaei Malmogiensis.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/dbl/1/0029.html|title =Aagesen, Truid|website= Dansk biografisk Lexikon|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://musicalics.com/en/node/81346 |title =Truid Aagesen|website=musicalics.com|date =25 March 2013|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref>
Didikit an kun saen siya nag'adal musikaaram dapit sa buhay niyang pagkaniaki alagad an mentor niya sa musika asin espiritweal na tagaholit iyo si Norwegong- kinamundagan na Heswita si [[Laurentius Nicolai]] kun kiisay siya nag'adal nin musika. Si Aagesen natokahan na organista sa [[Church of Our Lady (Copenhagen)|Vor Frue Kirke]] sa [[Copenhagen]] kan 23 Hunyo 1593.Siya ng'adal sa Venice ki [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] poon 1599 sundso' 1600.<ref>Oskar Garstein, ''Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia,'' page xxxviii 1992 "Here one of the principal figures was the cathedral organist in Copenhagen a certain Truid Aagesen, who had studied music in Venice and in Germany, and had made his name as a composer by producing Missa a cinque voci Basci amorosi .."</ref>
kAn 1600, nagpasireing syang [[Prague]] komo sarong royal commissioner kan Hade [[Christian IV]]. Pag'ultan 1609 asin 1611, siya tinutubod na nagtukdo sa korte asin syempre nagreesibe nin suporta pinansyal sa tesoririya royal. Kan 1613, an Hadeng Danes nagpaluwas nin surat na gabos na lalaking "[[Romano Katoliko]]" dapat maghale sa [[Denmark]]. Si Aagesen, na pigdududahan na soboot nagresibe nin suporta pinansyal sa Santo Papa kaamayi pa kan 1604, pigpaisi kan kabo'tan na ini kan [[Copenhagen University]] kan 15 Septyembre 1613 asin ta siya may simpatiyang Katoliko, dai na siya dapat magpadagos pa kan trabaho bnilang organista. Kan 1615, siya sinalidahan ni
Johan Meincke. Pakalihis kani, siya nag'estar na sa Danzig (now [[Gdańsk]]) kan 1625.
<ref>{{cite web|url= http://denstoredanske.dk/Dansk_Biografisk_Leksikon/Kunst_og_kultur/Musik/Musiker/Truid_Aagesen|title =Truid Aagesen
|website= Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, Gyldendal |author= Vello Helk |date =18 July 2011
|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref>
==Trabaho==
*Italian ''Cantiones for three voices'' (1608)
*''Missa Baci amorosi for five voices'' (unpublished)
*''Canon'' (unpublished)
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
==Mga iba pang ginunuan==
*John Bergsagel, ''Heinrich Schütz und die Musik in Dänemark'', 1985, (p. 19–24)
*John Bergsagel and Ole Kongsted. "Aagesen, Truid." In ''Grove Music Online''. ''Oxford Music Online.'' (accessed March 19, 2012).
*Oskar Garstein, ''Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: Jesuit Educational Strategy'', 1992 (p. 166)
*[https://open.spotify.com/intl-es/artist/2AvF8QoclnRWIVM8rPui43?si=51OIVoFUTV-3k1ijMNFv_A Spotify]
==Mga panluwas na takod==
* {{IMSLP|id=Aagesen, Truid}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aagesen, Truid}}
[[Category:Danish classical composers]]
[[Category:Danish male classical composers]]
[[Category:Danish classical organists]]
[[Category:Danish male classical organists]]
[[Category:Danish Baroque composers]]
[[Category:17th-century Danish composers]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1500s births]]
[[Category:1600s deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:17th-century male musicians]]
{{Denmark-composer-stub}}
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{{Infobox person
| name = Truid Aagesen
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = fl. 1593–1625
| birth_place = Denmark
| other_names = Theodoricus Sistinus, Trudo Haggaei Malmogiensis
| occupation = Composer, organist
| notable_works = ''Cantiones'' (1608)
}}
Si '''Truid Aagesen''' ([[Floruit|fl]]. 1593–1625) sarong Danes na kompositor asin organista. An saiyang na publikar sana man na musika iyo an sarong set na napublikar na sekular na mga ''Cantiones'' sa tolong bose na napublikar sa [[Hamburg]] kan 1608 sa irarom kan pangaran niyang pigLatin, Theodoricus Sistinuaggaei Malmogiensis.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/dbl/1/0029.html|title =Aagesen, Truid|website= Dansk biografisk Lexikon|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://musicalics.com/en/node/81346 |title =Truid Aagesen|website=musicalics.com|date =25 March 2013|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref>
Didikit an kun saen siya nag'adal musikaaram dapit sa buhay niyang pagkaniaki alagad an mentor niya sa musika asin espiritweal na tagaholit iyo si Norwegong- kinamundagan na Heswita si [[Laurentius Nicolai]] kun kiisay siya nag'adal nin musika. Si Aagesen natokahan na organista sa [[Church of Our Lady (Copenhagen)|Vor Frue Kirke]] sa [[Copenhagen]] kan 23 Hunyo 1593.Siya ng'adal sa Venice ki [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] poon 1599 sundso' 1600.<ref>Oskar Garstein, ''Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia,'' page xxxviii 1992 "Here one of the principal figures was the cathedral organist in Copenhagen a certain Truid Aagesen, who had studied music in Venice and in Germany, and had made his name as a composer by producing Missa a cinque voci Basci amorosi .."</ref>
kAn 1600, nagpasireing syang [[Prague]] komo sarong royal commissioner kan Hade [[Christian IV]]. Pag'ultan 1609 asin 1611, siya tinutubod na nagtukdo sa korte asin syempre nagreesibe nin suporta pinansyal sa tesoririya royal. Kan 1613, an Hadeng Danes nagpaluwas nin surat na gabos na lalaking "[[Romano Katoliko]]" dapat maghale sa [[Denmark]]. Si Aagesen, na pigdududahan na soboot nagresibe nin suporta pinansyal sa Santo Papa kaamayi pa kan 1604, pigpaisi kan kabo'tan na ini kan [[Copenhagen University]] kan 15 Septyembre 1613 asin ta siya may simpatiyang Katoliko, dai na siya dapat magpadagos pa kan trabaho bnilang organista. Kan 1615, siya sinalidahan ni
Johan Meincke. Pakalihis kani, siya nag'estar na sa Danzig (ngonyan [[Gdańsk]]) kan 1625.
<ref>{{cite web|url= http://denstoredanske.dk/Dansk_Biografisk_Leksikon/Kunst_og_kultur/Musik/Musiker/Truid_Aagesen|title =Truid Aagesen
|website= Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, Gyldendal |author= Vello Helk |date =18 July 2011
|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref>
==Trabaho==
*Italian ''Cantiones for three voices'' (1608)
*''Missa Baci amorosi for five voices'' (unpublished)
*''Canon'' (unpublished)
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
==Mga iba pang ginunuan==
*John Bergsagel, ''Heinrich Schütz und die Musik in Dänemark'', 1985, (p. 19–24)
*John Bergsagel and Ole Kongsted. "Aagesen, Truid." In ''Grove Music Online''. ''Oxford Music Online.'' (accessed March 19, 2012).
*Oskar Garstein, ''Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: Jesuit Educational Strategy'', 1992 (p. 166)
*[https://open.spotify.com/intl-es/artist/2AvF8QoclnRWIVM8rPui43?si=51OIVoFUTV-3k1ijMNFv_A Spotify]
==Mga panluwas na takod==
* {{IMSLP|id=Aagesen, Truid}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aagesen, Truid}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na klasikal na mga kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga danes na mga lalaking klasikal na kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na mga klasikal na mga organista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na mga lalaking klasikal na mga organista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Danes na mga Barokong kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-17ng siglonbg mga Danes na kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Taon na pagkagadan dai isi]]
[[Kategorya:Taon na kinam undagan dai isi]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 150 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1600 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-17ng siglong mga klasikal na mga kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-17ng siglong mga lalaking mga musiko]]
{{Denmark-composer-stub}}
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Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''Kaylee Hottle''' (2007 o 2008 – Hulyo 21, 2026) sarong [[Pagkabungog|bungog na]] Amerikanong aktres na nagbida sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'' asin sa 2024 na sequel kaini, ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'' . Para sa huri, siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] . == Amay na buhay == Si Kaylee Hot..."
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Si '''Kaylee Hottle''' (2007 o 2008 – Hulyo 21, 2026) sarong [[Pagkabungog|bungog na]] Amerikanong aktres na nagbida sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'' asin sa 2024 na sequel kaini, ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'' . Para sa huri, siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] .
== Amay na buhay ==
Si Kaylee Hottle namundag sa [[Atlanta]], Georgia, <ref name="muir">{{Cite news|last=Muir|first=Ellie|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs Kong'' star Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18 after car accident|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-kong-b3018895.html}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|url-status=live}}</ref> sa sarong pamilyang bungog, na an lado kan saiyang ama igwa nin apat na henerasyon nin mga paryentes na bungog. Siya tataong magtaram nin [[American Sign Language|Amerikanong Sign Language]] . <ref name="evans2">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|url-status=live}}</ref> Siya may ginikanan na Koreano sa paagi kan saiyang ina. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Jae-hee|first=Choi|date=2026-07-22|title=Korean American 'Godzilla' actress Kaylee Hottle dies at 18 in car crash|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10816318|access-date=2026-07-22|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> Nag-adal siya sa [[Texas School for the Deaf]] sa [[Austin, Texas]], <ref name="knight">{{Cite news|last=Knight|first=Drew|date=April 1, 2021|title=Texas School for the Deaf student lands monster-sized role in ''Godzilla vs. Kong''|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/entertainment-news/texas-school-for-the-deaf-student-lands-monster-sized-role-in-godzilla-vs-kong/269-fde314f0-ec29-4887-aad2-dca9af471e6e}}</ref> kun saen siya nakipagkumpetensya sa [[track and field]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Star Kaylee Hottle Dies at 18|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721170438/https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Karera ==
An karera ni Hottle sa pag-arte nagpoon sa mga komersyal. Kan 2017, sa edad na 9, <ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|last=Aizin|first=Rebecca|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle's Godzilla Costar Millie Bobby Brown Shares She Is 'Devastated' by Child Star's Death at 18|url=https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721191947/https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-date=2026-07-21|access-date=2026-07-21|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|issn=0093-7673|oclc=794712888}}</ref> nagluwas siya sa sarong komersyal para sa [[Video relay service|serbisyo nin video relay]] na Convo. <ref name="nudo">{{Cite news|last=Nudo|first=Meredith|url=https://www.chron.com/culture/tv/article/godzilla-kong-deaf-actress-19367942.php|title=''Godzilla x Kong'' series' Kaylee Hottle forging bright future in Hollywood|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref> Nagluwas man siya sa ibang mga komersyal, siring man sa proyektong pang-impormasyon ''na 10 Deaf Children: One Powerful Message'', na may katuyuhan na ipalakop an suporta para sa komunidad nin mga Bungog sa saindang paghanap nin pantay na mga deretso. <ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--- not stated or generic "Staff"--->|url=https://youngentertainmentmag.com/speak-follow-dreams-kaylee-hottle-gives-advice-hearing-impaired-ahead-godzilla-x-kong-new-empire/|title='Speak up and follow your dreams.' Kaylee Hottle Gives Advice for the Hearing Impaired Ahead of ''Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire''|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>
Para sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'', an direktor sa pag-cast na si Sarah Halley Finn naghanap nin sarong bungog na aktres para sa bungog na karakter na si Jia sa paagi nin sarong network nin mga casting-director asin mga sinehan, <ref name="thompson">{{Cite web}}</ref> asin giniyahan si Hottle kan sarong katabang na direktor gikan sa naenot na pelikula ''[[Kong: Skull Island|na Kong: Skull Island]]'' na nakahiling saiya sa sarong komersyal kan Convo. An pelikula iyo an debut ni Hottle sa tampok na pelikula. An mga bida na aktor na [[Rebecca Hall|si Rebecca Hall]] asin [[Alexander Skarsgård]] nag-adal nin ASL tanganing sinda asin si Hottle makapag-ulay sa set kun dai nag-aakto. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=Maria|url=https://junkee.com/alexander-skarsgard-godzilla-vs-kong-interview/291191|title=We Hung Out With Alexander Skarsgård On The Set Of ''Godzilla Vs Kong'' And It Was Wild|date=March 25, 2021}}</ref> Kan 2021 man, nagluwas siya sa sarong episode kan serye sa TV ''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|na Magnum PI]]'' .
Si Hottle nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang Jia para sa 2024 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|na Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'', <ref>{{Cite news|last=Warren|first=Peter|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/trending/article/kaylee-hottle-deaf-actress-18752370.php|title=Kaylee Hottle, actor with Texas School for the Deaf roots, stars in ''Godzilla x Kong: A New Empire''|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> na kun saen siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] sa [[52nd Saturn Awards|ika-52 na Saturn Awards]] .
== Kagadanan ==
Si Hottle nagkaigwa nin mga lugad sa sarong banggaan nin sarong lunadan sa [[Ijamsville, Maryland]], kan Hulyo 21, 2026, sa edad na 18. Saro siya sa tolong lunadan na naglihis sa tinampo asin nakabangga sa sarong [[culvert]] . An drayber nagkaigwa nin mga lugad na bakong peligroso sa buhay, mantang an saro pang pasahero naglakaw na dai naano. Sinabi kan pulis na an "sobrang rikas" pigtutubodan na sarong dahelan. Si Hottle dinara sa eroplano pasiring sa [[R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center]] kan [[Maryland State Police]], kun saen siya idineklarar na gadan. An saiyang ama nag-anunsyo kan saiyang kagadanan sa sarong pahayag sa video [[Facebook|sa Facebook]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clarke|first=Naomi|date=21 July 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle: ''Godzilla vs Kong'' actress dies in car crash at 18|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62v7e2dw12o}}</ref> <ref name="HottledeathTHR">{{cite magazine|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=July 21, 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle, ''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Actress, Dies at 18|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-date=July 22, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722000748/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|url-status=live}}</ref>
An mga dating ka-bida na si Rebecca Hall, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Eiza González]], asin [[Millie Bobby Brown]] nagtao nin pag-omaw ki Hottle sa social media, siring man an aktres asin tagapagsuporta kan mga bongog [[Marlee Matlin|na si Marlee Matlin]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McKinley|first=Franklin|date=21 July 2026|title='Godzilla vs. Kong' Stars Rebecca Hall and Millie Bobby Brown Pay Tribute to Kaylee Hottle: "You Will Be Deeply Missed"|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-rebecca-hall-millie-bobby-brown-tributes-1236653574/}}</ref>
== Pelikula ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Taon
! scope="col" |Titulo
! scope="col" |Paagihan
! scope="col" |Gagampanan
! scope="col" |Mga nota
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla vs. Kong]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla v Kong'' actor Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/21/godzilla-v-kong-actor-kaylee-hottle-dies-aged-18}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|Magnum PI]]''
|Serye sa TV
|Joon
|Episode: "Texas Wedge" <ref name="HottleDeath" />
|-
|2024
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|Godzilla x Kong: An Bagong Imperyo]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath" />
|}
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Si '''Kaylee Hottle''' (2007 o 2008 – Hulyo 21, 2026) sarong [[Pagkabungog|bungog na]] Amerikanong aktres na nagbida sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'' asin sa 2024 na sequel kaini, ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'' . Para sa huri, siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] .
== Amay na buhay ==
Si Kaylee Hottle namundag sa [[Atlanta]], Georgia, <ref name="muir">{{Cite news|last=Muir|first=Ellie|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs Kong'' star Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18 after car accident|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-kong-b3018895.html}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|url-status=live}}</ref> sa sarong pamilyang bungog, na an lado kan saiyang ama igwa nin apat na henerasyon nin mga paryentes na bungog. Siya tataong magtaram nin [[American Sign Language|Amerikanong Sign Language]] . <ref name="evans2">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|url-status=live}}</ref> Siya may ginikanan na Koreano sa paagi kan saiyang ina. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Jae-hee|first=Choi|date=2026-07-22|title=Korean American 'Godzilla' actress Kaylee Hottle dies at 18 in car crash|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10816318|access-date=2026-07-22|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> Nag-adal siya sa [[Texas School for the Deaf]] sa [[Austin, Texas]], <ref name="knight">{{Cite news|last=Knight|first=Drew|date=April 1, 2021|title=Texas School for the Deaf student lands monster-sized role in ''Godzilla vs. Kong''|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/entertainment-news/texas-school-for-the-deaf-student-lands-monster-sized-role-in-godzilla-vs-kong/269-fde314f0-ec29-4887-aad2-dca9af471e6e}}</ref> kun saen siya nakipagkumpetensya sa [[track and field]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Star Kaylee Hottle Dies at 18|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721170438/https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Karera ==
An karera ni Hottle sa pag-arte nagpoon sa mga komersyal. Kan 2017, sa edad na 9, <ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|last=Aizin|first=Rebecca|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle's Godzilla Costar Millie Bobby Brown Shares She Is 'Devastated' by Child Star's Death at 18|url=https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721191947/https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-date=2026-07-21|access-date=2026-07-21|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|issn=0093-7673|oclc=794712888}}</ref> nagluwas siya sa sarong komersyal para sa [[Video relay service|serbisyo nin video relay]] na Convo. <ref name="nudo">{{Cite news|last=Nudo|first=Meredith|url=https://www.chron.com/culture/tv/article/godzilla-kong-deaf-actress-19367942.php|title=''Godzilla x Kong'' series' Kaylee Hottle forging bright future in Hollywood|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref> Nagluwas man siya sa ibang mga komersyal, siring man sa proyektong pang-impormasyon ''na 10 Deaf Children: One Powerful Message'', na may katuyuhan na ipalakop an suporta para sa komunidad nin mga Bungog sa saindang paghanap nin pantay na mga deretso. <ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--- not stated or generic "Staff"--->|url=https://youngentertainmentmag.com/speak-follow-dreams-kaylee-hottle-gives-advice-hearing-impaired-ahead-godzilla-x-kong-new-empire/|title='Speak up and follow your dreams.' Kaylee Hottle Gives Advice for the Hearing Impaired Ahead of ''Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire''|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>
Para sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'', an direktor sa pag-cast na si Sarah Halley Finn naghanap nin sarong bungog na aktres para sa bungog na karakter na si Jia sa paagi nin sarong network nin mga casting-director asin mga sinehan, <ref name="thompson">{{Cite web}}</ref> asin giniyahan si Hottle kan sarong katabang na direktor gikan sa naenot na pelikula ''[[Kong: Skull Island|na Kong: Skull Island]]'' na nakahiling saiya sa sarong komersyal kan Convo. An pelikula iyo an debut ni Hottle sa tampok na pelikula. An mga bida na aktor na [[Rebecca Hall|si Rebecca Hall]] asin [[Alexander Skarsgård]] nag-adal nin ASL tanganing sinda asin si Hottle makapag-ulay sa set kun dai nag-aakto. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=Maria|url=https://junkee.com/alexander-skarsgard-godzilla-vs-kong-interview/291191|title=We Hung Out With Alexander Skarsgård On The Set Of ''Godzilla Vs Kong'' And It Was Wild|date=March 25, 2021}}</ref> Kan 2021 man, nagluwas siya sa sarong episode kan serye sa TV ''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|na Magnum PI]]'' .
Si Hottle nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang Jia para sa 2024 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|na Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'', <ref>{{Cite news|last=Warren|first=Peter|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/trending/article/kaylee-hottle-deaf-actress-18752370.php|title=Kaylee Hottle, actor with Texas School for the Deaf roots, stars in ''Godzilla x Kong: A New Empire''|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> na kun saen siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] sa [[52nd Saturn Awards|ika-52 na Saturn Awards]] .
== Kagadanan ==
Si Hottle nagkaigwa nin mga lugad sa sarong banggaan nin sarong lunadan sa [[Ijamsville, Maryland]], kan Hulyo 21, 2026, sa edad na 18. Saro siya sa tolong lunadan na naglihis sa tinampo asin nakabangga sa sarong [[culvert]] . An drayber nagkaigwa nin mga lugad na bakong peligroso sa buhay, mantang an saro pang pasahero naglakaw na dai naano. Sinabi kan pulis na an "sobrang rikas" pigtutubodan na sarong dahelan. Si Hottle dinara sa eroplano pasiring sa [[R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center]] kan [[Maryland State Police]], kun saen siya idineklarar na gadan. An saiyang ama nag-anunsyo kan saiyang kagadanan sa sarong pahayag sa video [[Facebook|sa Facebook]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clarke|first=Naomi|date=21 July 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle: ''Godzilla vs Kong'' actress dies in car crash at 18|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62v7e2dw12o}}</ref> <ref name="HottledeathTHR">{{cite magazine|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=July 21, 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle, ''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Actress, Dies at 18|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-date=July 22, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722000748/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|url-status=live}}</ref>
An mga dating ka-bida na si Rebecca Hall, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Eiza González]], asin [[Millie Bobby Brown]] nagtao nin pag-omaw ki Hottle sa social media, siring man an aktres asin tagapagsuporta kan mga bongog [[Marlee Matlin|na si Marlee Matlin]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McKinley|first=Franklin|date=21 July 2026|title='Godzilla vs. Kong' Stars Rebecca Hall and Millie Bobby Brown Pay Tribute to Kaylee Hottle: "You Will Be Deeply Missed"|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-rebecca-hall-millie-bobby-brown-tributes-1236653574/}}</ref>
== Pelikula ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Taon
! scope="col" |Titulo
! scope="col" |Paagihan
! scope="col" |Gagampanan
! scope="col" |Mga nota
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla vs. Kong]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla v Kong'' actor Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/21/godzilla-v-kong-actor-kaylee-hottle-dies-aged-18}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|Magnum PI]]''
|Serye sa TV
|Joon
|Episode: "Texas Wedge" <ref name="HottleDeath" />
|-
|2024
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|Godzilla x Kong: An Bagong Imperyo]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath" />
|}
==Toltolan==
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Si '''Kaylee Hottle''' (2007 o 2008 – Hulyo 21, 2026) sarong [[Pagkabungog|bungog na]] Amerikanong aktres na nagbida sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'' asin sa 2024 na sequel kaini, ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'' . Para sa huri, siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] .
== Amay na buhay ==
Si Kaylee Hottle namundag sa [[Atlanta]], Georgia, <ref name="muir">{{Cite news|last=Muir|first=Ellie|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs Kong'' star Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18 after car accident|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-kong-b3018895.html}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/}}</ref> sa sarong pamilyang bungog, na an lado kan saiyang ama igwa nin apat na henerasyon nin mga paryentes na bungog. Siya tataong magtaram nin [[American Sign Language|Amerikanong Sign Language]] . <ref name="evans2">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/}}</ref> Siya may ginikanan na Koreano sa paagi kan saiyang ina. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Jae-hee|first=Choi|date=2026-07-22|title=Korean American 'Godzilla' actress Kaylee Hottle dies at 18 in car crash|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10816318|access-date=2026-07-22|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> Nag-adal siya sa [[Texas School for the Deaf]] sa [[Austin, Texas]], <ref name="knight">{{Cite news|last=Knight|first=Drew|date=April 1, 2021|title=Texas School for the Deaf student lands monster-sized role in ''Godzilla vs. Kong''|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/entertainment-news/texas-school-for-the-deaf-student-lands-monster-sized-role-in-godzilla-vs-kong/269-fde314f0-ec29-4887-aad2-dca9af471e6e}}</ref> kun saen siya nakipagkumpetensya sa [[track and field]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Star Kaylee Hottle Dies at 18|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721170438/https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Karera ==
An karera ni Hottle sa pag-arte nagpoon sa mga komersyal. Kan 2017, sa edad na 9, <ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|last=Aizin|first=Rebecca|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle's Godzilla Costar Millie Bobby Brown Shares She Is 'Devastated' by Child Star's Death at 18|url=https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721191947/https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-date=2026-07-21|access-date=2026-07-21|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|issn=0093-7673|oclc=794712888}}</ref> nagluwas siya sa sarong komersyal para sa [[Video relay service|serbisyo nin video relay]] na Convo. <ref name="nudo">{{Cite news|last=Nudo|first=Meredith|url=https://www.chron.com/culture/tv/article/godzilla-kong-deaf-actress-19367942.php|title=''Godzilla x Kong'' series' Kaylee Hottle forging bright future in Hollywood|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref> Nagluwas man siya sa ibang mga komersyal, siring man sa proyektong pang-impormasyon ''na 10 Deaf Children: One Powerful Message'', na may katuyuhan na ipalakop an suporta para sa komunidad nin mga Bungog sa saindang paghanap nin pantay na mga deretso. <ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--- not stated or generic "Staff"--->|url=https://youngentertainmentmag.com/speak-follow-dreams-kaylee-hottle-gives-advice-hearing-impaired-ahead-godzilla-x-kong-new-empire/|title='Speak up and follow your dreams.' Kaylee Hottle Gives Advice for the Hearing Impaired Ahead of ''Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire''|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>
Para sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'', an direktor sa pag-cast na si Sarah Halley Finn naghanap nin sarong bungog na aktres para sa bungog na karakter na si Jia sa paagi nin sarong network nin mga casting-director asin mga sinehan, <ref name="thompson">{{Cite web}}</ref> asin giniyahan si Hottle kan sarong katabang na direktor gikan sa naenot na pelikula ''[[Kong: Skull Island|na Kong: Skull Island]]'' na nakahiling saiya sa sarong komersyal kan Convo. An pelikula iyo an debut ni Hottle sa tampok na pelikula. An mga bida na aktor na [[Rebecca Hall|si Rebecca Hall]] asin [[Alexander Skarsgård]] nag-adal nin ASL tanganing sinda asin si Hottle makapag-ulay sa set kun dai nag-aakto. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=Maria|url=https://junkee.com/alexander-skarsgard-godzilla-vs-kong-interview/291191|title=We Hung Out With Alexander Skarsgård On The Set Of ''Godzilla Vs Kong'' And It Was Wild|date=March 25, 2021}}</ref> Kan 2021 man, nagluwas siya sa sarong episode kan serye sa TV ''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|na Magnum PI]]'' .
Si Hottle nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang Jia para sa 2024 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|na Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'', <ref>{{Cite news|last=Warren|first=Peter|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/trending/article/kaylee-hottle-deaf-actress-18752370.php|title=Kaylee Hottle, actor with Texas School for the Deaf roots, stars in ''Godzilla x Kong: A New Empire''|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> na kun saen siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] sa [[52nd Saturn Awards|ika-52 na Saturn Awards]] .
== Kagadanan ==
Si Hottle nagkaigwa nin mga lugad sa sarong banggaan nin sarong lunadan sa [[Ijamsville, Maryland]], kan Hulyo 21, 2026, sa edad na 18. Saro siya sa tolong lunadan na naglihis sa tinampo asin nakabangga sa sarong [[culvert]] . An drayber nagkaigwa nin mga lugad na bakong peligroso sa buhay, mantang an saro pang pasahero naglakaw na dai naano. Sinabi kan pulis na an "sobrang rikas" pigtutubodan na sarong dahelan. Si Hottle dinara sa eroplano pasiring sa [[R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center]] kan [[Maryland State Police]], kun saen siya idineklarar na gadan. An saiyang ama nag-anunsyo kan saiyang kagadanan sa sarong pahayag sa video [[Facebook|sa Facebook]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clarke|first=Naomi|date=21 July 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle: ''Godzilla vs Kong'' actress dies in car crash at 18|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62v7e2dw12o}}</ref> <ref name="HottledeathTHR">{{cite magazine|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=July 21, 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle, ''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Actress, Dies at 18|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-date=July 22, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722000748/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|url-status=live}}</ref>
An mga dating ka-bida na si Rebecca Hall, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Eiza González]], asin [[Millie Bobby Brown]] nagtao nin pag-omaw ki Hottle sa social media, siring man an aktres asin tagapagsuporta kan mga bongog [[Marlee Matlin|na si Marlee Matlin]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McKinley|first=Franklin|date=21 July 2026|title='Godzilla vs. Kong' Stars Rebecca Hall and Millie Bobby Brown Pay Tribute to Kaylee Hottle: "You Will Be Deeply Missed"|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-rebecca-hall-millie-bobby-brown-tributes-1236653574/}}</ref>
== Pelikula ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Taon
! scope="col" |Titulo
! scope="col" |Paagihan
! scope="col" |Gagampanan
! scope="col" |Mga nota
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla vs. Kong]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla v Kong'' actor Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/21/godzilla-v-kong-actor-kaylee-hottle-dies-aged-18}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|Magnum PI]]''
|Serye sa TV
|Joon
|Episode: "Texas Wedge" <ref name="HottleDeath" />
|-
|2024
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|Godzilla x Kong: An Bagong Imperyo]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath" />
|}
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
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Si '''Kaylee Hottle''' (2007 o 2008 – Hulyo 21, 2026) sarong [[Pagkabungog|bungog na]] Amerikanong aktres na nagbida sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'' asin sa 2024 na sequel kaini, ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'' . Para sa huri, siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] .
== Amay na buhay ==
Si Kaylee Hottle namundag sa [[Atlanta]], Georgia, <ref name="muir">{{Cite news|last=Muir|first=Ellie|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs Kong'' star Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18 after car accident|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-kong-b3018895.html}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/}}</ref> sa sarong pamilyang bungog, na an lado kan saiyang ama igwa nin apat na henerasyon nin mga paryentes na bungog. Siya tataong magtaram nin [[American Sign Language|Amerikanong Sign Language]] . <ref name="evans2">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/}}</ref> Siya may ginikanan na Koreano sa paagi kan saiyang ina. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Jae-hee|first=Choi|date=2026-07-22|title=Korean American 'Godzilla' actress Kaylee Hottle dies at 18 in car crash|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10816318|access-date=2026-07-22|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> Nag-adal siya sa [[Texas School for the Deaf]] sa [[Austin, Texas]], <ref name="knight">{{Cite news|last=Knight|first=Drew|date=April 1, 2021|title=Texas School for the Deaf student lands monster-sized role in ''Godzilla vs. Kong''|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/entertainment-news/texas-school-for-the-deaf-student-lands-monster-sized-role-in-godzilla-vs-kong/269-fde314f0-ec29-4887-aad2-dca9af471e6e}}</ref> kun saen siya nakipagkumpetensya sa [[track and field]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Star Kaylee Hottle Dies at 18|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721170438/https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Karera ==
An karera ni Hottle sa pag-arte nagpoon sa mga komersyal. Kan 2017, sa edad na 9, <ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|last=Aizin|first=Rebecca|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle's Godzilla Costar Millie Bobby Brown Shares She Is 'Devastated' by Child Star's Death at 18|url=https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721191947/https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-date=2026-07-21|access-date=2026-07-21|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|issn=0093-7673|oclc=794712888}}</ref> nagluwas siya sa sarong komersyal para sa [[Video relay service|serbisyo nin video relay]] na Convo. <ref name="nudo">{{Cite news|last=Nudo|first=Meredith|url=https://www.chron.com/culture/tv/article/godzilla-kong-deaf-actress-19367942.php|title=''Godzilla x Kong'' series' Kaylee Hottle forging bright future in Hollywood|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref> Nagluwas man siya sa ibang mga komersyal, siring man sa proyektong pang-impormasyon ''na 10 Deaf Children: One Powerful Message'', na may katuyuhan na ipalakop an suporta para sa komunidad nin mga Bungog sa saindang paghanap nin pantay na mga deretso. <ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--- not stated or generic "Staff"--->|url=https://youngentertainmentmag.com/speak-follow-dreams-kaylee-hottle-gives-advice-hearing-impaired-ahead-godzilla-x-kong-new-empire/|title='Speak up and follow your dreams.' Kaylee Hottle Gives Advice for the Hearing Impaired Ahead of ''Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire''|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>
Para sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'', an direktor sa pag-cast na si Sarah Halley Finn naghanap nin sarong bungog na aktres para sa bungog na karakter na si Jia sa paagi nin sarong network nin mga casting-director asin mga sinehan, <ref name="thompson">{{Cite web}}</ref> asin giniyahan si Hottle kan sarong katabang na direktor gikan sa naenot na pelikula ''[[Kong: Skull Island|na Kong: Skull Island]]'' na nakahiling saiya sa sarong komersyal kan Convo. An pelikula iyo an debut ni Hottle sa tampok na pelikula. An mga bida na aktor na [[Rebecca Hall|si Rebecca Hall]] asin [[Alexander Skarsgård]] nag-adal nin ASL tanganing sinda asin si Hottle makapag-ulay sa set kun dai nag-aakto. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=Maria|url=https://junkee.com/alexander-skarsgard-godzilla-vs-kong-interview/291191|title=We Hung Out With Alexander Skarsgård On The Set Of ''Godzilla Vs Kong'' And It Was Wild|date=March 25, 2021}}</ref> Kan 2021 man, nagluwas siya sa sarong episode kan serye sa TV ''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|na Magnum PI]]'' .
Si Hottle nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang Jia para sa 2024 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|na Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'', <ref>{{Cite news|last=Warren|first=Peter|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/trending/article/kaylee-hottle-deaf-actress-18752370.php|title=Kaylee Hottle, actor with Texas School for the Deaf roots, stars in ''Godzilla x Kong: A New Empire''|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> na kun saen siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] sa [[52nd Saturn Awards|ika-52 na Saturn Awards]] .
== Kagadanan ==
Si Hottle nagkaigwa nin mga lugad sa sarong banggaan nin sarong lunadan sa [[Ijamsville, Maryland]], kan Hulyo 21, 2026, sa edad na 18. Saro siya sa tolong lunadan na naglihis sa tinampo asin nakabangga sa sarong [[culvert]] . An drayber nagkaigwa nin mga lugad na bakong peligroso sa buhay, mantang an saro pang pasahero naglakaw na dai naano. Sinabi kan pulis na an "sobrang rikas" pigtutubodan na sarong dahelan. Si Hottle dinara sa eroplano pasiring sa [[R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center]] kan [[Maryland State Police]], kun saen siya idineklarar na gadan. An saiyang ama nag-anunsyo kan saiyang kagadanan sa sarong pahayag sa video [[Facebook|sa Facebook]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clarke|first=Naomi|date=21 July 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle: ''Godzilla vs Kong'' actress dies in car crash at 18|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62v7e2dw12o}}</ref> <ref name="HottledeathTHR">{{cite magazine|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=July 21, 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle, ''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Actress, Dies at 18|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-date=July 22, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722000748/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/}}</ref>
An mga dating ka-bida na si Rebecca Hall, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Eiza González]], asin [[Millie Bobby Brown]] nagtao nin pag-omaw ki Hottle sa social media, siring man an aktres asin tagapagsuporta kan mga bongog [[Marlee Matlin|na si Marlee Matlin]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McKinley|first=Franklin|date=21 July 2026|title='Godzilla vs. Kong' Stars Rebecca Hall and Millie Bobby Brown Pay Tribute to Kaylee Hottle: "You Will Be Deeply Missed"|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-rebecca-hall-millie-bobby-brown-tributes-1236653574/}}</ref>
== Pelikula ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Taon
! scope="col" |Titulo
! scope="col" |Paagihan
! scope="col" |Gagampanan
! scope="col" |Mga nota
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla vs. Kong]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla v Kong'' actor Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/21/godzilla-v-kong-actor-kaylee-hottle-dies-aged-18}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|Magnum PI]]''
|Serye sa TV
|Joon
|Episode: "Texas Wedge" <ref name="HottleDeath" />
|-
|2024
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|Godzilla x Kong: An Bagong Imperyo]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath" />
|}
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
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2026-07-22T11:33:26Z
LeahLhey
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Si '''Kaylee Hottle''' (2007 o 2008 – Hulyo 21, 2026) sarong [[Pagkabungog|bungog na]] Amerikanong aktres na nagbida sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'' asin sa 2024 na sequel kaini, ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'' . Para sa huri, siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] .
== Amay na buhay ==
Si Kaylee Hottle namundag sa [[Atlanta]], Georgia, <ref name="muir">{{Cite news|last=Muir|first=Ellie|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs Kong'' star Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18 after car accident|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-kong-b3018895.html}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/}}</ref> sa sarong pamilyang bungog, na an lado kan saiyang ama igwa nin apat na henerasyon nin mga paryentes na bungog. Siya tataong magtaram nin [[American Sign Language|Amerikanong Sign Language]] . <ref name="evans2">{{Cite web|last=Evans|first=Greg|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle Dead: ''Godzilla Vs. Kong'' & ''Godzilla X Kong: The New Empire'' Star Was 18|url=https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/|access-date=2026-07-21|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721165241/https://deadline.com/2026/07/kaylee-hottle-dead-1236999383/}}</ref> Siya may ginikanan na Koreano sa paagi kan saiyang ina. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Jae-hee|first=Choi|date=2026-07-22|title=Korean American 'Godzilla' actress Kaylee Hottle dies at 18 in car crash|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10816318|access-date=2026-07-22|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> Nag-adal siya sa [[Texas School for the Deaf]] sa [[Austin, Texas]], <ref name="knight">{{Cite news|last=Knight|first=Drew|date=April 1, 2021|title=Texas School for the Deaf student lands monster-sized role in ''Godzilla vs. Kong''|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/entertainment-news/texas-school-for-the-deaf-student-lands-monster-sized-role-in-godzilla-vs-kong/269-fde314f0-ec29-4887-aad2-dca9af471e6e}}</ref> kun saen siya nakipagkumpetensya sa [[track and field]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Star Kaylee Hottle Dies at 18|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=July 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721170438/https://variety.com/2026/film/global/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-1236817223/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Karera ==
An karera ni Hottle sa pag-arte nagpoon sa mga komersyal. Kan 2017, sa edad na 9, <ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|last=Aizin|first=Rebecca|date=2026-07-21|title=Kaylee Hottle's Godzilla Costar Millie Bobby Brown Shares She Is 'Devastated' by Child Star's Death at 18|url=https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721191947/https://people.com/kaylee-hottle-s-godzilla-costars-react-to-child-star-s-death-at-18-12023532|archive-date=2026-07-21|access-date=2026-07-21|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|issn=0093-7673|oclc=794712888}}</ref> nagluwas siya sa sarong komersyal para sa [[Video relay service|serbisyo nin video relay]] na Convo. <ref name="nudo">{{Cite news|last=Nudo|first=Meredith|url=https://www.chron.com/culture/tv/article/godzilla-kong-deaf-actress-19367942.php|title=''Godzilla x Kong'' series' Kaylee Hottle forging bright future in Hollywood|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref> Nagluwas man siya sa ibang mga komersyal, siring man sa proyektong pang-impormasyon ''na 10 Deaf Children: One Powerful Message'', na may katuyuhan na ipalakop an suporta para sa komunidad nin mga Bungog sa saindang paghanap nin pantay na mga deretso. <ref>{{Cite news|last=<!--- not stated or generic "Staff"--->|url=https://youngentertainmentmag.com/speak-follow-dreams-kaylee-hottle-gives-advice-hearing-impaired-ahead-godzilla-x-kong-new-empire/|title='Speak up and follow your dreams.' Kaylee Hottle Gives Advice for the Hearing Impaired Ahead of ''Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire''|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>
Para sa 2021 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla vs. Kong|na Godzilla vs. Kong]]'', an direktor sa pag-cast na si Sarah Halley Finn naghanap nin sarong bungog na aktres para sa bungog na karakter na si Jia sa paagi nin sarong network nin mga casting-director asin mga sinehan, <ref name="thompson">{{Cite web}}</ref> asin giniyahan si Hottle kan sarong katabang na direktor gikan sa naenot na pelikula ''[[Kong: Skull Island|na Kong: Skull Island]]'' na nakahiling saiya sa sarong komersyal kan Convo. An pelikula iyo an debut ni Hottle sa tampok na pelikula. An mga bida na aktor na [[Rebecca Hall|si Rebecca Hall]] asin [[Alexander Skarsgård]] nag-adal nin ASL tanganing sinda asin si Hottle makapag-ulay sa set kun dai nag-aakto. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=Maria|url=https://junkee.com/alexander-skarsgard-godzilla-vs-kong-interview/291191|title=We Hung Out With Alexander Skarsgård On The Set Of ''Godzilla Vs Kong'' And It Was Wild|date=March 25, 2021}}</ref> Kan 2021 man, nagluwas siya sa sarong episode kan serye sa TV ''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|na Magnum PI]]'' .
Si Hottle nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang Jia para sa 2024 na pelikula ''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|na Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire]]'', <ref>{{Cite news|last=Warren|first=Peter|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/trending/article/kaylee-hottle-deaf-actress-18752370.php|title=Kaylee Hottle, actor with Texas School for the Deaf roots, stars in ''Godzilla x Kong: A New Empire''|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=March 25, 2024}}</ref> na kun saen siya nominado para sa [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award para sa Pinakamahusay na Pagganap kan sarong Mas Hoben na Aktor]] sa [[52nd Saturn Awards|ika-52 na Saturn Awards]] .
== Kagadanan ==
Si Hottle nagkaigwa nin mga lugad sa sarong banggaan nin sarong lunadan sa [[Ijamsville, Maryland]], kan Hulyo 21, 2026, sa edad na 18. Saro siya sa tolong lunadan na naglihis sa tinampo asin nakabangga sa sarong [[culvert]] . An drayber nagkaigwa nin mga lugad na bakong peligroso sa buhay, mantang an saro pang pasahero naglakaw na dai naano. Sinabi kan pulis na an "sobrang rikas" pigtutubodan na sarong dahelan. Si Hottle dinara sa eroplano pasiring sa [[R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center]] kan [[Maryland State Police]], kun saen siya idineklarar na gadan. An saiyang ama nag-anunsyo kan saiyang kagadanan sa sarong pahayag sa video [[Facebook|sa Facebook]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clarke|first=Naomi|date=21 July 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle: ''Godzilla vs Kong'' actress dies in car crash at 18|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62v7e2dw12o}}</ref> <ref name="HottledeathTHR">{{cite magazine|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=July 21, 2026|title=Kaylee Hottle, ''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Actress, Dies at 18|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/|access-date=July 21, 2026|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-date=July 22, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722000748/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-godzilla-vs-kong-actress-car-crash-1236653119/}}</ref>
An mga dating ka-bida na si Rebecca Hall, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Eiza González]], asin [[Millie Bobby Brown]] nagtao nin pag-omaw ki Hottle sa social media, siring man an aktres asin tagapagsuporta kan mga bongog [[Marlee Matlin|na si Marlee Matlin]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=McKinley|first=Franklin|date=21 July 2026|title='Godzilla vs. Kong' Stars Rebecca Hall and Millie Bobby Brown Pay Tribute to Kaylee Hottle: "You Will Be Deeply Missed"|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaylee-hottle-dead-rebecca-hall-millie-bobby-brown-tributes-1236653574/}}</ref>
== Pelikula ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Taon
! scope="col" |Titulo
! scope="col" |Paagihan
! scope="col" |Gagampanan
! scope="col" |Mga nota
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla vs. Kong]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=July 21, 2026|title=''Godzilla v Kong'' actor Kaylee Hottle dies aged 18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/21/godzilla-v-kong-actor-kaylee-hottle-dies-aged-18}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)|Magnum PI]]''
|Serye sa TV
|Joon
|Episode: "Texas Wedge" <ref name="HottleDeath" />
|-
|2024
! scope="row" |''[[Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire|Godzilla x Kong: An Bagong Imperyo]]''
|Sine
|Jia
|<ref name="HottleDeath" />
|}
==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Kaylee Hottle]]
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Module:Bananas/doc
828
56632
307534
2026-07-22T21:50:19Z
Nimmzo
32112
Running [[Module:Bananas]] in your User page. See [[WP:Lua#"Kamusta, kalibutan!" in Lua]]
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Simple nga script, nagahatag sang isa ka function lang nga wala sing mga argumento.
Pwede ta padaku-on ang [[Module:Bananas]] sa paagi nga ini, nga may isa ka function nga gin-ngaran <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>hello</syntaxhighlight>.
Indi mo kinahanglan mag-install ukon mag-save sang bisan ano.
# Sa imo nga Paragamit
# Idikit ang sunod nga tawag sa umpisa sang isa ka bag-o nga linya sa imo nga pahina sang User:
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line highlight=1 copy>
{{#invoke:Bananas|hello}}
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="3">
<li>Clik "<code>Pasirip</code>". Ang tawag sang function <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>hello</syntaxhighlight> sa [[Module:Bananas]] mapapalitan sang sunod-sunod nga ini:</li>
</ol>
<blockquote><syntaxhighlight lang="lua" line>
Hello, world!
</syntaxhighlight></blockquote>
<ol start="4">
<li>Clik "<code style="color:#bf3c2c;>Ikansela</code>". Kon pamamangkot, i-click ang <code>Leave</code>.</li>
<li>Ang imo nga Paragamit indi magasubli '''un''' kung nabag-o.</li>
</ol>
krw0dmq0qirk4h2mxertsu2xdmlc3js
Avengers: Doomsday
0
56633
307536
2026-07-23T01:09:48Z
LeahLhey
13103
Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "''An '''Avengers: Doomsday''''' sarong [[Superhero film|pelikula nin superherong]] Amerikano na nakabasar sa grupo nin mga superhero [[Marvel Comics|kan Marvel Comics]] na an [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Marvel Studios]] asin pigdistribwir kan [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]], ini pigtuyo na magin an sequel kan ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019) asin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|an ika-39 na pelikula]] sa Marvel Cinema..."
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''An '''Avengers: Doomsday''''' sarong [[Superhero film|pelikula nin superherong]] Amerikano na nakabasar sa grupo nin mga superhero [[Marvel Comics|kan Marvel Comics]] na an [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Marvel Studios]] asin pigdistribwir kan [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]], ini pigtuyo na magin an sequel kan ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019) asin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|an ika-39 na pelikula]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU). Pigdirehir ni [[Anthony and Joe Russo|Anthony asin Joe Russo]] asin isinurat ni [[Michael Waldron]] asin [[Stephen McFeely]], an pelikula nagtatampok nin sarong [[ensemble cast]] na pinangenotan ni [[Robert Downey Jr.]] bilang [[Victor von Doom (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Doctor Doom]] . Sa pelikula, an [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|mga Avengers]], [[Wakanda (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wakandans]], [[New Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|New Avengers]], [[Fantastic Four (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Fantastic Four]], asin an [[X-Men (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|X-Men]] nagtiripon hale sa manlaen-laen na uniberso tanganing atubangon an Kagadanan.
Duwang bagong pelikula ''kan Avengers'', ''an The Kang Dynasty'' asin ''[[Avengers: Secret Wars|Secret Wars]]'', an pig-anunsyo kan Hulyo 2022 bilang an konklusyon kan [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Six|Phase Six]] kan MCU asin " [[The Multiverse Saga]] ". [[Jonathan Majors|Si Jonathan Majors]] nakatalaan na mag-utro kan saiyang papel sa MCU bilang kontrabida [[Kang the Conqueror (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|na si Kang the Conqueror]], na si [[Destin Daniel Cretton]] asin [[Jeff Loveness]] an pigkua tanganing magdirehir asin magsurat ''kan The Kang Dynasty'', sunod-sunod. Kan Nobyembre 2023, si Cretton naghale, si Waldron an nagsalida ki Loveness bilang parasurat, asin an Marvel nag-iisip na maghale sa istorya ni Kang, sa parte huli sa [[Jonathan Majors#Legal issues|mga legal na isyu ni Majors]] ; Si Majors tinanggal sa trabaho kan suminunod na bulan. An pagbalik kan magtugang na Russo bilang mga direktor asin si McFeely bilang kagsurat, an pag-cast ki Downey bilang bagong kontrabida na si Doctor Doom, asin an bagong subtitulo ''na Doomsday'' gabos pig-anunsyo kan Hulyo 2024. An dakulang cast nagtatampok nin mga aktor gikan sa mga nakaaging media kan MCU asin [[X-Men (film series)|an serye nin pelikula kan ''X-Men'']] kan [[20th Century Fox]], na naggagamit kan mga ideya nin manlaen-laen na uniberso tanganing magtipon nin mga ideya gikan sa manlaen-laen na uniberso mga prangkisa. An pag-film nangyari poon Abril sagkod Setyembre 2025 sa [[Pinewood Studios]] sa England, na an lokasyon kan pag-film sa England asin [[Baharein|Bahrain]] .
''An Avengers: Doomsday'' nakaiskedyul na iluwas sa Estados Unidos sa Disyembre 18, 2026, bilang parte kan Phase Six kan MCU. An sequel, ''Avengers: Secret Wars'', nakatalagang iluwas sa Disyembre 17, 2027.
== Premise ==
Katorseng bulan pagkatapos kan mga pangyayari sa ''[[Thunderbolts*]]'' (2025), mga grupo nin mga bayani gikan sa tolong manlaen-laen na uniberso—an [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|mga Avengers]], [[Wakanda (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wakandan]], asin [[New Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|New Avengers]] gikan sa [[Earth-616 (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Earth-616]] ; an [[Fantastic Four (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Fantastic Four]] gikan sa [[Earth-828]] ; asin an "orihinal" [[X-Men (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|na X-Men]] gikan sa sarong separadong uniberso—nagtiripon tanganing atubangon an eksistensyal na banta ni [[Victor von Doom (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Doctor Doom]] .
== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
{{IMDb title}}
8uug9o56yqzp0l5sa2d1laws9ybwz1n
307537
307536
2026-07-23T01:10:26Z
LeahLhey
13103
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
''An '''Avengers: Doomsday''''' sarong [[Superhero film|pelikula nin superherong]] Amerikano na nakabasar sa grupo nin mga superhero [[Marvel Comics|kan Marvel Comics]] na an [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Marvel Studios]] asin pigdistribwir kan [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]], ini pigtuyo na magin an sequel kan ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019) asin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|an ika-39 na pelikula]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU). Pigdirehir ni [[Anthony and Joe Russo|Anthony asin Joe Russo]] asin isinurat ni [[Michael Waldron]] asin [[Stephen McFeely]], an pelikula nagtatampok nin sarong [[ensemble cast]] na pinangenotan ni [[Robert Downey Jr.]] bilang [[Victor von Doom (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Doctor Doom]] . Sa pelikula, an [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|mga Avengers]], [[Wakanda (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wakandans]], [[New Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|New Avengers]], [[Fantastic Four (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Fantastic Four]], asin an [[X-Men (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|X-Men]] nagtiripon hale sa manlaen-laen na uniberso tanganing atubangon an Kagadanan.
Duwang bagong pelikula ''kan Avengers'', ''an The Kang Dynasty'' asin ''[[Avengers: Secret Wars|Secret Wars]]'', an pig-anunsyo kan Hulyo 2022 bilang an konklusyon kan [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Six|Phase Six]] kan MCU asin " [[The Multiverse Saga]] ". [[Jonathan Majors|Si Jonathan Majors]] nakatalaan na mag-utro kan saiyang papel sa MCU bilang kontrabida [[Kang the Conqueror (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|na si Kang the Conqueror]], na si [[Destin Daniel Cretton]] asin [[Jeff Loveness]] an pigkua tanganing magdirehir asin magsurat ''kan The Kang Dynasty'', sunod-sunod. Kan Nobyembre 2023, si Cretton naghale, si Waldron an nagsalida ki Loveness bilang parasurat, asin an Marvel nag-iisip na maghale sa istorya ni Kang, sa parte huli sa [[Jonathan Majors#Legal issues|mga legal na isyu ni Majors]] ; Si Majors tinanggal sa trabaho kan suminunod na bulan. An pagbalik kan magtugang na Russo bilang mga direktor asin si McFeely bilang kagsurat, an pag-cast ki Downey bilang bagong kontrabida na si Doctor Doom, asin an bagong subtitulo ''na Doomsday'' gabos pig-anunsyo kan Hulyo 2024. An dakulang cast nagtatampok nin mga aktor gikan sa mga nakaaging media kan MCU asin [[X-Men (film series)|an serye nin pelikula kan ''X-Men'']] kan [[20th Century Fox]], na naggagamit kan mga ideya nin manlaen-laen na uniberso tanganing magtipon nin mga ideya gikan sa manlaen-laen na uniberso mga prangkisa. An pag-film nangyari poon Abril sagkod Setyembre 2025 sa [[Pinewood Studios]] sa England, na an lokasyon kan pag-film sa England asin [[Baharein|Bahrain]] .
''An Avengers: Doomsday'' nakaiskedyul na iluwas sa Estados Unidos sa Disyembre 18, 2026, bilang parte kan Phase Six kan MCU. An sequel, ''Avengers: Secret Wars'', nakatalagang iluwas sa Disyembre 17, 2027.
== Premise ==
Katorseng bulan pagkatapos kan mga pangyayari sa ''[[Thunderbolts*]]'' (2025), mga grupo nin mga bayani gikan sa tolong manlaen-laen na uniberso—an [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|mga Avengers]], [[Wakanda (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wakandan]], asin [[New Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|New Avengers]] gikan sa [[Earth-616 (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Earth-616]] ; an [[Fantastic Four (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Fantastic Four]] gikan sa [[Earth-828]] ; asin an "orihinal" [[X-Men (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|na X-Men]] gikan sa sarong separadong uniberso—nagtiripon tanganing atubangon an eksistensyal na banta ni [[Victor von Doom (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Doctor Doom]] .
== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
{{IMDb title}}
{{Tamboan}}
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Heikki Aaltoila
0
56634
307538
2026-07-23T01:16:26Z
Ringer
55
Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''Heikki Aaltoila''' (11 Desyembre 1905 – 11 Enero 1992) sarong Fines na kompositor nin pelikula na nagsirbe nin 40 taon bilang konduktor sa orkestra nin [[Finnish National Theatre]]. An pinakamahusay niyang komposisyo n Si Aaltoila namundag sa [[Hausjärvi]].An pinakamahusay niyang komposisyon sarong romantikong wlatz tituladong ''Akselin ja Elinan häävalssi'' (Akseli's and Elina's wedding waltz) na orihinalmente kabtang kan score nin pelikulang ''[..."
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Si '''Heikki Aaltoila''' (11 Desyembre 1905 – 11 Enero 1992) sarong Fines na kompositor nin pelikula na nagsirbe nin 40 taon bilang konduktor sa orkestra nin [[Finnish National Theatre]].
An pinakamahusay niyang komposisyo n
Si Aaltoila namundag sa [[Hausjärvi]].An pinakamahusay niyang komposisyon sarong romantikong wlatz tituladong ''Akselin ja Elinan häävalssi'' (Akseli's and Elina's wedding waltz) na orihinalmente kabtang kan score nin pelikulang ''[[Here, Beneath the North Star]]'' (1968). Siya nanggana nin duwang beses kan inapod na [[Jussi Award]] para sa pinakamaraurahay na pelikulang score.
an ikba pa niyang pelikulang kompossisyon kabarali an musika para sa ''[[Woman is the Wild Card]]'' (1944), ''[[Veteraanin voitto]]'', ''[[Kvinnan bakom allt]]'' (1951), asin ''[[Prinsessa Ruusunen]]'' (1949).
Siya nagadan sa [[Helsinki]].
== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* {{IMDb name|0005940}}
* [https://open.spotify.com/intl-es/artist/1taBE3EiB73Ox3bwikIx2I?si=VdAfa3enRPi6Ir-lC7VplQ Spotify]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aaltoila, Heikki}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1905 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1992 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga fines na mga lalaking kompositor sa pelikula]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga Fines na mga lalaking kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga Fines na kompositor]]
{{finland-musician-stub}}
tsdsu77umioycl3qnrpaadk3m5l1ifk
307539
307538
2026-07-23T01:20:30Z
Ringer
55
307539
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Si '''Heikki Aaltoila''' (11 Desyembre 1905 – 11 Enero 1992) sarong Fines na kompositor nin pelikula na nagsirbe nin 40 taon bilang konduktor sa orkestra nin [[Finnish National Theatre]].
An pinakamahusay niyang komposisyon
Si Aaltoila namundag sa [[Hausjärvi]].An pinakamahusay niyang komposisyon sarong romantikong waltz tituladong ''Akselin ja Elinan häävalssi'' (Akseli's and Elina's wedding waltz) na orihinalmente kabtang kan score nin pelikulang ''[[Here, Beneath the North Star]]'' (1968). Siya nanggana nin duwang beses kan inapod na [[Jussi Award]] para sa pinakamarayrahay na pelikulang score.
[[File:HeikkiAaltoila.jpg|thumb|right|280px|thumb|Heikki Aaltoila (1905–1992)]]
An iba pa niyang pelikulang komposisyon kabarali an musika para sa ''[[Woman is the Wild Card]]'' (1944), ''[[Veteraanin voitto]]'', ''[[Kvinnan bakom allt]]'' (1951), asin ''[[Prinsessa Ruusunen]]'' (1949).
Siya nagadan sa [[Helsinki]].
== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* {{IMDb name|0005940}}
* [https://open.spotify.com/intl-es/artist/1taBE3EiB73Ox3bwikIx2I?si=VdAfa3enRPi6Ir-lC7VplQ Spotify]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aaltoila, Heikki}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1905 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1992 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga fines na mga lalaking kompositor sa pelikula]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga Fines na mga lalaking kompositor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga Fines na kompositor]]
{{finland-musician-stub}}
arsu256w3buq4bbkzmf560etzf2aa7v
Spider-Man: Brand New Day
0
56635
307540
2026-07-23T01:22:26Z
LeahLhey
13103
Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "''An '''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''''' sarong [[Superhero film|pelikula nin superherong]] Amerikano na nakabasar sa karakter kan [[Marvel Comics]] na [[Spider-Man|si Spider-Man]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Marvel Studios]], asin [[Pascal Pictures]], asin pigdistribwir kan [[Sony Pictures Releasing]], ini pigtuyo na magin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|ika-38 na pelikula]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) asin an ikaapat na peli..."
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''An '''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''''' sarong [[Superhero film|pelikula nin superherong]] Amerikano na nakabasar sa karakter kan [[Marvel Comics]] na [[Spider-Man|si Spider-Man]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Marvel Studios]], asin [[Pascal Pictures]], asin pigdistribwir kan [[Sony Pictures Releasing]], ini pigtuyo na magin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|ika-38 na pelikula]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) asin an ikaapat na pelikula sa [[Spider-Man (2017 film series)|MCU ''Spider-Man'' film series]] kasunod ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home|kan Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021). An pelikula pigdidirehir ni [[Destin Daniel Cretton]], na isinurat ni [[Chris McKenna (writer)|Chris McKenna]] asin [[Erik Sommers]], asin pigbidahan ni [[Tom Holland]] bilang [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]] kaiba si [[Zendaya]], [[Sadie Sink]], [[Jacob Batalon]], [[Jon Bernthal]], [[Tramell Tillman]], [[Michael Mando]], asin [[Mark Ruffalo]] . Sa pelikula, si Parker daing ngaran na pinoprotehiran an Siyudad nin Nueva York bilang an eroe na si Spider-Man asin nag-iimbestigar nin sarong mapuersang bagong banta mantang an saiyang mga superpower nag-aagi nin sarong makangangalas asin posibleng peligrosong ebolusyon.
An Sony naggigibo nin ikaapat na pelikula kan MCU ''Spider-Man'' kan Agosto 2019, asin an prodyuser na si [[Amy Pascal]] nagbuyagyag kan Nobyembre 2021 na ini an katuyuhan na magin pinakaenot sa sarong bagong trilohiya na pinagbibidahan ni Holland. An trabaho sa istorya nagpoon kan Disyembre, na si Holland mas imbuelto sa pag'uswag kisa sa mga nakaaging pelikula. Si McKenna asin Sommers nagbalik bilang mga parasurat kan Pebrero 2023, si Cretton pig-hire na magdirehir kan Oktubre 2024, asin an titulo—na kinua sa 2008 na istorya kan komiks na " [[Brand New Day (comics)|Brand New Day]] " na nag-reset kan status quo ni Spider-Man—ipinahayag kan Marso 2025. Gusto kan mga prodyuser na si Holland magin "properer" para sa Spider-Man para sa Spider-Man. an enot na pagkakataon, sa saiyang sadiri asin nakikipaglaban sa krimen sa tinampo sa Siyudad nin Nueva York. Bago an pag-film, si Bernthal asin Ruffalo nabuyagyag na nag-uutro kan saindang mga papel sa MCU bilang [[Frank Castle (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Frank Castle / Punisher]] asin [[Bruce Banner (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bruce Banner / Hulk]] . An pag-film nangyari poon Agosto sagkod Disyembre 2025, na an lokasyon kan pag-film sa [[Glasgow]], Scotland, asin sa bilog na England. An trabaho sa soundstage nangyari sa [[Pinewood Studios]] sa England.
''An Spider-Man: Brand New Day'' nakaiskedyul na iluwas sa Estados Unidos sa Hulyo 31, 2026, bilang parte kan [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Six|Phase Six]] kan MCU.
== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
* [https://www.marvel.com/movies/spider-man-brand-new-day ''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''] at ''[[Marvel.com]]''
* [https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/spidermanbrandnewday ''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''] at the [[Sony Pictures]] website
* {{IMDb title}}
pp5dxkb4d78stxyde77shcib60aayvx
307541
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2026-07-23T01:22:46Z
LeahLhey
13103
307541
wikitext
text/x-wiki
''An '''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''''' sarong [[Superhero film|pelikula nin superherong]] Amerikano na nakabasar sa karakter kan [[Marvel Comics]] na [[Spider-Man|si Spider-Man]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Marvel Studios]], asin [[Pascal Pictures]], asin pigdistribwir kan [[Sony Pictures Releasing]], ini pigtuyo na magin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|ika-38 na pelikula]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) asin an ikaapat na pelikula sa [[Spider-Man (2017 film series)|MCU ''Spider-Man'' film series]] kasunod ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home|kan Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021). An pelikula pigdidirehir ni [[Destin Daniel Cretton]], na isinurat ni [[Chris McKenna (writer)|Chris McKenna]] asin [[Erik Sommers]], asin pigbidahan ni [[Tom Holland]] bilang [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]] kaiba si [[Zendaya]], [[Sadie Sink]], [[Jacob Batalon]], [[Jon Bernthal]], [[Tramell Tillman]], [[Michael Mando]], asin [[Mark Ruffalo]] . Sa pelikula, si Parker daing ngaran na pinoprotehiran an Siyudad nin Nueva York bilang an eroe na si Spider-Man asin nag-iimbestigar nin sarong mapuersang bagong banta mantang an saiyang mga superpower nag-aagi nin sarong makangangalas asin posibleng peligrosong ebolusyon.
An Sony naggigibo nin ikaapat na pelikula kan MCU ''Spider-Man'' kan Agosto 2019, asin an prodyuser na si [[Amy Pascal]] nagbuyagyag kan Nobyembre 2021 na ini an katuyuhan na magin pinakaenot sa sarong bagong trilohiya na pinagbibidahan ni Holland. An trabaho sa istorya nagpoon kan Disyembre, na si Holland mas imbuelto sa pag'uswag kisa sa mga nakaaging pelikula. Si McKenna asin Sommers nagbalik bilang mga parasurat kan Pebrero 2023, si Cretton pig-hire na magdirehir kan Oktubre 2024, asin an titulo—na kinua sa 2008 na istorya kan komiks na " [[Brand New Day (comics)|Brand New Day]] " na nag-reset kan status quo ni Spider-Man—ipinahayag kan Marso 2025. Gusto kan mga prodyuser na si Holland magin "properer" para sa Spider-Man para sa Spider-Man. an enot na pagkakataon, sa saiyang sadiri asin nakikipaglaban sa krimen sa tinampo sa Siyudad nin Nueva York. Bago an pag-film, si Bernthal asin Ruffalo nabuyagyag na nag-uutro kan saindang mga papel sa MCU bilang [[Frank Castle (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Frank Castle / Punisher]] asin [[Bruce Banner (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bruce Banner / Hulk]] . An pag-film nangyari poon Agosto sagkod Disyembre 2025, na an lokasyon kan pag-film sa [[Glasgow]], Scotland, asin sa bilog na England. An trabaho sa soundstage nangyari sa [[Pinewood Studios]] sa England.
''An Spider-Man: Brand New Day'' nakaiskedyul na iluwas sa Estados Unidos sa Hulyo 31, 2026, bilang parte kan [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Six|Phase Six]] kan MCU.
== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
* [https://www.marvel.com/movies/spider-man-brand-new-day ''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''] at ''[[Marvel.com]]''
* [https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/spidermanbrandnewday ''Spider-Man: Brand New Day''] at the [[Sony Pictures]] website
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Tamboan}}
m1aqq28bbcwvhgak8ibr3uk5dsy4q40
Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung
0
56636
307543
2026-07-23T01:44:23Z
LeahLhey
13103
Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "An '''Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung''' ( Chinese ) sarong [[Five star hotel|limang bitoon na hotel]] na namumugtak sa [[Cianjhen District|Distrito nin Cianjhen]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]] . An hotel binuksan kan Nobyembre 2024. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/4209680|title=(Chinese)高雄亞灣區又有五星級飯店將開幕日航酒店宣布擬於今年開業|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref> An Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung iyo an ikato..."
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An '''Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung''' ( Chinese ) sarong [[Five star hotel|limang bitoon na hotel]] na namumugtak sa [[Cianjhen District|Distrito nin Cianjhen]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]] . An hotel binuksan kan Nobyembre 2024. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/4209680|title=(Chinese)高雄亞灣區又有五星級飯店將開幕日航酒店宣布擬於今年開業|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref> An Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung iyo an ikatolong propyedad kan [[Okura Nikko Hotel Management|Okura Nikko Hotels]] na nagbukas sa Taiwan, kasunod kan pagbukas kan Hotel Royal Nikko Taipei (1984) asin [[The Okura Prestige Taipei]] (2012). <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hospitalitynet.org/announcement/41004355.html|title=Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung to Open in 2023|website=Hospitality Net|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref>
== Lokasyon ==
An hotel namumugtak sa sentro kan [[Asia New Bay Area]] kan Kaohsiung, harani sa [[Kaohsiung International Airport]], [[Kaohsiung Main Station]] asin [[Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung|Kaohsiung Exhibition Center]] . Ini apat na minutos na paglakaw hale sa [[Sanduo Shopping District metro station|istasyon kan metro kan Sanduo Shopping District]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2020/01/15/hotel-nikko-to-open-in-kaohsiung-in-2023/|title=Hotel Nikko to open in Kaohsiung in 2023|date=2020-01-15|author=Jackie Chen|publisher=Business Traveller|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref>
== Pasilidad ==
An Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung pinapadalagan kan [[Nikko Hotels]] asin nagtatao nin total na 260 na mga kwarto asin suite para sa mga bisita, na minaabot sa total na hiwas na {{Cvt|27,300|m2}} na may 21 palapag sa itaas kan daga asin 4 sa ibaba kan daga. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://udn.com/news/story/7327/6400008|title=(Chinese)高雄亞灣區高檔飯店相繼插旗 業界憂供給大於需求|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref> Ini nagtatampok nin mahiwas na hanay nin mga restawran, kabali [[Pagkakan nin Hapon|an lutong Hapon]], [[Chinese cuisine|lutong Intsik]] asin bilog na aldaw na pagkakan, asin sarong bar sa atop sa ika-21 na eskalon kun saen an mga bisita puedeng mag-ogma sa mga tanawon kan [[Kaohsiung Harbor]] . An mga pasilidad kan hotel nagtutumong na masimbagan an manlaen-laen na pangangaipo kan mga bisita na nag-iistar para sa negosyo asin paglilibang. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ttgasia.com/2020/01/22/hotel-nikko-to-rise-in-kaohsiung-come-2023/|title=Hotel Nikko to rise in Kaohsiung come 2023|website=TTG Asia|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref>
== Hilingon man ==
* [[Nikko Hotels]]
* [[InterContinental Kaohsiung]]
* [[Kaohsiung Marriott Hotel]]
== Toltolan ==
nv37oaqu9mqh339l4hho42h6ezsy2qv
307544
307543
2026-07-23T01:45:50Z
LeahLhey
13103
307544
wikitext
text/x-wiki
An '''Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung''' ( Chinese ) sarong [[Five star hotel|limang bitoon na hotel]] na namumugtak sa [[Cianjhen District|Distrito nin Cianjhen]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]] . An hotel binuksan kan Nobyembre 2024. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/4209680|title=(Chinese)高雄亞灣區又有五星級飯店將開幕日航酒店宣布擬於今年開業|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref> An Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung iyo an ikatolong propyedad kan [[Okura Nikko Hotel Management|Okura Nikko Hotels]] na nagbukas sa Taiwan, kasunod kan pagbukas kan Hotel Royal Nikko Taipei (1984) asin [[The Okura Prestige Taipei]] (2012). <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hospitalitynet.org/announcement/41004355.html|title=Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung to Open in 2023|website=Hospitality Net|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref>
== Lokasyon ==
An hotel namumugtak sa sentro kan [[Asia New Bay Area]] kan Kaohsiung, harani sa [[Kaohsiung International Airport]], [[Kaohsiung Main Station]] asin [[Sentro nin Eksibisyon kan Kaohsiung|Kaohsiung Exhibition Center]] . Ini apat na minutos na paglakaw hale sa [[Sanduo Shopping District metro station|istasyon kan metro kan Sanduo Shopping District]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2020/01/15/hotel-nikko-to-open-in-kaohsiung-in-2023/|title=Hotel Nikko to open in Kaohsiung in 2023|date=2020-01-15|author=Jackie Chen|publisher=Business Traveller|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref>
== Pasilidad ==
An Hotel Nikko Kaohsiung pinapadalagan kan [[Nikko Hotels]] asin nagtatao nin total na 260 na mga kwarto asin suite para sa mga bisita, na minaabot sa total na hiwas na {{Cvt|27,300|m2}} na may 21 palapag sa itaas kan daga asin 4 sa ibaba kan daga. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://udn.com/news/story/7327/6400008|title=(Chinese)高雄亞灣區高檔飯店相繼插旗 業界憂供給大於需求|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref> Ini nagtatampok nin mahiwas na hanay nin mga restawran, kabali [[Pagkakan nin Hapon|an lutong Hapon]], [[Chinese cuisine|lutong Intsik]] asin bilog na aldaw na pagkakan, asin sarong bar sa atop sa ika-21 na eskalon kun saen an mga bisita puedeng mag-ogma sa mga tanawon kan [[Kaohsiung Harbor]] . An mga pasilidad kan hotel nagtutumong na masimbagan an manlaen-laen na pangangaipo kan mga bisita na nag-iistar para sa negosyo asin paglilibang. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ttgasia.com/2020/01/22/hotel-nikko-to-rise-in-kaohsiung-come-2023/|title=Hotel Nikko to rise in Kaohsiung come 2023|website=TTG Asia|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref>
== Hilingon man ==
* [[Nikko Hotels]]
* [[InterContinental Kaohsiung]]
* [[Kaohsiung Marriott Hotel]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Tamboan}}
0k5l470g73alx6gbc7t3di18no5653n
Raúl Labrador
0
56637
307546
2026-07-23T01:54:50Z
LeahLhey
13103
Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''Raúl Rafael Labrador''' (namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967) <ref name="Bioguide">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> sarong Amerikanong abogado asin politiko na nagserbing ika-33 [[Idaho Attorney General|na abogado heneral kan Idaho]] poon pa kan 2023. Dati, siya an [[U.S. House of Representatives|representante kan Estados Unidos]] para sa Idaho's 1st congressional dist..."
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Si '''Raúl Rafael Labrador''' (namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967) <ref name="Bioguide">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> sarong Amerikanong abogado asin politiko na nagserbing ika-33 [[Idaho Attorney General|na abogado heneral kan Idaho]] poon pa kan 2023. Dati, siya an [[U.S. House of Representatives|representante kan Estados Unidos]] para sa Idaho's 1st congressional district poon 2011 sagkod 2019, asin sarong miyembro kan [[Idaho House of Representatives|Representante kan Kamara kan Idaho]] 2006 sagkod 2010. Siya sarong miyembro kan [[Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos|Partido Republikano]], na iyo an pamayo kan [[Idaho Republican Party|Partido Republikano kan Idaho]] poon 2019 sagkod 2020.
Si Labrador enot na naelihir sa Kongreso kan [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho#District 1|2010]], nanggana sa primarya kan Republikano sa suporta kan mga aktibista [[Tea Party movement|kan Tea Party]] asin dinaog [[Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos|an Demokratikong]] incumbent na [[Walt Minnick|si Walt Minnick]] sa heneral na eleksyon. <ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Kraushaar|first=Josh|date=2010-05-26|title=Rep. Raul Labrador wins Idaho primary upset|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/05/labrador-in-idaho-primary-upset-037790|access-date=2010-06-28|publisher=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Kan 2014, nagbugtak siya nin sarong dai nagin mapangganang angat ki [[Kevin McCarthy]] para sa posisyon kan [[House Majority Leader]], na nagdadalagan bilang mas konserbatibong alternatibo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine|last=Newton-Small|first=Jay|date=2014-06-16|title=Raul Labrador Aims to Upset Race for House Majority Leader|url=https://time.com/2878143/raul-labrador-tea-party-idaho-house-majority-leader/|access-date=2024-01-10|magazine=TIME|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=LoGiurato|first=Brett|title=TEA PARTY FAVORITE: Here's Why I Should Be The Next Majority Leader|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/raul-labrador-majority-leader-kevin-mccarthy-2014-6|access-date=2024-01-10|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> Kan 2015, si Labrador nagin saro sa siyam na inagural na miyembro kan [[Freedom Caucus|House Freedom Caucus]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=French|first=Lauren|date=2015-01-26|title=9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593}}</ref>
Si Labrador nagdalagan para sa gobernador kan Idaho kan [[2018 Idaho gubernatorial election|2018]], na nagtapos sa ikaduwang lugar sa primarya kan Republikano ki Tenyente Gobernador [[Brad Little]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/09/politics/raul-labrador-idaho-governor/index.html|title=Freedom caucus member launches bid for governor|accessdate=2017-10-02}}</ref> Kan huri siya an nagin pamayo kan Partido Republikano kan Idaho poon 2019 sagkod 2020. Kan [[2022 Idaho Attorney General election|2022]], siya naelihir na abogado heneral pagkatapos na daogon an haloy nang nakatukaw na [[Lawrence Wasden|si Lawrence Wasden]] sa primarya kan Republikano.
== Amay na buhay asin edukasyon ==
Namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967, sa [[Carolina, Puerto Rico]], si Labrador nagbalyo sa [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]], kan siya aki pa asin naggradwar sa [[Las Vegas High School]] kan 1985. Pinadakula siya nin sarong nagsosolong ina na nasasakitan sa pinansiyal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.raullabrador.com/|title=Raúl Labrador for Governor|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014023609/http://www.raullabrador.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Nag-adal siya sa [[Brigham Young University]] sa [[Provo, Utah]], asin naggamit nin duwang taon bilang sarong [[Missionary (LDS Church)|misyonero]] para sa [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw|Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa Huring Aldaw]] sa [[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]] [[Tsile|Chile]] poon 1987 sagkod 1989. Si Labrador nagbalik sa BYU asin nag-ako nin Bachelor of Arts degree sa [[Tataramon na Espanyol|Espanyol]] kan 1992 na may pagdodoon sa literaturang Latin Amerikano. Siya inadmitir sa [[University of Washington School of Law]] sa [[Seattle]] asin nag-ako kan saiyang [[Juris Doctor]] kan 1995. <ref name="rl12">{{Cite news|url=http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/raul-labrador--ID-H|title=Raul Labrador|accessdate=October 6, 2015}}</ref>
== Amay na karera ==
Nag-agom kan 1991, si Labrador nagbalyo sa estado kan saiyang agom na Idaho asin nagpraktis nin abogasiya asin [[Immigration law|ley sa imigrasyon]] sa pribadong praktis poon 1995 sagkod sa saiyang eleksyon sa [[Idaho House of Representatives|lehislatura kan estado]] kan 2006. <ref name="Bioguide2">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=PARKER|title=In House, Immigration Spurs Push by G.O.P|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/us/politics/house-republicans-seek-tougher-line-on-immigration.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fpolitics%2Findex.jsonp|accessdate=June 7, 2013|date=June 6, 2013}}</ref>
== Personal na buhay ==
Si Labrador nakaistar sa [[Eagle, Idaho|Eagle]] kaiba an saiyang agom na si Rebecca asin an saindang limang aki; siya sarong miyembro kan [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw|Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa Huring-aldaw]] .
== Hilingon man ==
[[List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress|Listahan kan mga Hispaniko asin Latino Amerikano sa Kongreso kan Estados Unidos]]
== Toltolan ==
fmupa31f8fxucctix0w6txfs61xnxcw
307547
307546
2026-07-23T01:55:21Z
LeahLhey
13103
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
Si '''Raúl Rafael Labrador''' (namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967) <ref name="Bioguide">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> sarong Amerikanong abogado asin politiko na nagserbing ika-33 [[Idaho Attorney General|na abogado heneral kan Idaho]] poon pa kan 2023. Dati, siya an [[U.S. House of Representatives|representante kan Estados Unidos]] para sa Idaho's 1st congressional district poon 2011 sagkod 2019, asin sarong miyembro kan [[Idaho House of Representatives|Representante kan Kamara kan Idaho]] 2006 sagkod 2010. Siya sarong miyembro kan [[Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos|Partido Republikano]], na iyo an pamayo kan [[Idaho Republican Party|Partido Republikano kan Idaho]] poon 2019 sagkod 2020.
Si Labrador enot na naelihir sa Kongreso kan [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho#District 1|2010]], nanggana sa primarya kan Republikano sa suporta kan mga aktibista [[Tea Party movement|kan Tea Party]] asin dinaog [[Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos|an Demokratikong]] incumbent na [[Walt Minnick|si Walt Minnick]] sa heneral na eleksyon. <ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Kraushaar|first=Josh|date=2010-05-26|title=Rep. Raul Labrador wins Idaho primary upset|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/05/labrador-in-idaho-primary-upset-037790|access-date=2010-06-28|publisher=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Kan 2014, nagbugtak siya nin sarong dai nagin mapangganang angat ki [[Kevin McCarthy]] para sa posisyon kan [[House Majority Leader]], na nagdadalagan bilang mas konserbatibong alternatibo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine|last=Newton-Small|first=Jay|date=2014-06-16|title=Raul Labrador Aims to Upset Race for House Majority Leader|url=https://time.com/2878143/raul-labrador-tea-party-idaho-house-majority-leader/|access-date=2024-01-10|magazine=TIME|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=LoGiurato|first=Brett|title=TEA PARTY FAVORITE: Here's Why I Should Be The Next Majority Leader|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/raul-labrador-majority-leader-kevin-mccarthy-2014-6|access-date=2024-01-10|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> Kan 2015, si Labrador nagin saro sa siyam na inagural na miyembro kan [[Freedom Caucus|House Freedom Caucus]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=French|first=Lauren|date=2015-01-26|title=9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593}}</ref>
Si Labrador nagdalagan para sa gobernador kan Idaho kan [[2018 Idaho gubernatorial election|2018]], na nagtapos sa ikaduwang lugar sa primarya kan Republikano ki Tenyente Gobernador [[Brad Little]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/09/politics/raul-labrador-idaho-governor/index.html|title=Freedom caucus member launches bid for governor|accessdate=2017-10-02}}</ref> Kan huri siya an nagin pamayo kan Partido Republikano kan Idaho poon 2019 sagkod 2020. Kan [[2022 Idaho Attorney General election|2022]], siya naelihir na abogado heneral pagkatapos na daogon an haloy nang nakatukaw na [[Lawrence Wasden|si Lawrence Wasden]] sa primarya kan Republikano.
== Amay na buhay asin edukasyon ==
Namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967, sa [[Carolina, Puerto Rico]], si Labrador nagbalyo sa [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]], kan siya aki pa asin naggradwar sa [[Las Vegas High School]] kan 1985. Pinadakula siya nin sarong nagsosolong ina na nasasakitan sa pinansiyal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.raullabrador.com/|title=Raúl Labrador for Governor|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014023609/http://www.raullabrador.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Nag-adal siya sa [[Brigham Young University]] sa [[Provo, Utah]], asin naggamit nin duwang taon bilang sarong [[Missionary (LDS Church)|misyonero]] para sa [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw|Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa Huring Aldaw]] sa [[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]] [[Tsile|Chile]] poon 1987 sagkod 1989. Si Labrador nagbalik sa BYU asin nag-ako nin Bachelor of Arts degree sa [[Tataramon na Espanyol|Espanyol]] kan 1992 na may pagdodoon sa literaturang Latin Amerikano. Siya inadmitir sa [[University of Washington School of Law]] sa [[Seattle]] asin nag-ako kan saiyang [[Juris Doctor]] kan 1995. <ref name="rl12">{{Cite news|url=http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/raul-labrador--ID-H|title=Raul Labrador|accessdate=October 6, 2015}}</ref>
== Amay na karera ==
Nag-agom kan 1991, si Labrador nagbalyo sa estado kan saiyang agom na Idaho asin nagpraktis nin abogasiya asin [[Immigration law|ley sa imigrasyon]] sa pribadong praktis poon 1995 sagkod sa saiyang eleksyon sa [[Idaho House of Representatives|lehislatura kan estado]] kan 2006. <ref name="Bioguide2">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=PARKER|title=In House, Immigration Spurs Push by G.O.P|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/us/politics/house-republicans-seek-tougher-line-on-immigration.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fpolitics%2Findex.jsonp|accessdate=June 7, 2013|date=June 6, 2013}}</ref>
== Personal na buhay ==
Si Labrador nakaistar sa [[Eagle, Idaho|Eagle]] kaiba an saiyang agom na si Rebecca asin an saindang limang aki; siya sarong miyembro kan [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw|Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa Huring-aldaw]] .
== Hilingon man ==
[[List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress|Listahan kan mga Hispaniko asin Latino Amerikano sa Kongreso kan Estados Unidos]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
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Si '''Raúl Rafael Labrador''' (namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967) <ref name="Bioguide">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> sarong Amerikanong abogado asin politiko na nagserbing ika-33 [[Idaho Attorney General|na abogado heneral kan Idaho]] poon pa kan 2023. Dati, siya an [[U.S. House of Representatives|representante kan Estados Unidos]] para sa Idaho's 1st congressional district poon 2011 sagkod 2019, asin sarong miyembro kan [[Idaho House of Representatives|Representante kan Kamara kan Idaho]] 2006 sagkod 2010. Siya sarong miyembro kan [[Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos|Partido Republikano]], na iyo an pamayo kan [[Idaho Republican Party|Partido Republikano kan Idaho]] poon 2019 sagkod 2020.
Si Labrador enot na naelihir sa Kongreso kan [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho#District 1|2010]], nanggana sa primarya kan Republikano sa suporta kan mga aktibista [[Tea Party movement|kan Tea Party]] asin dinaog [[Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos|an Demokratikong]] incumbent na [[Walt Minnick|si Walt Minnick]] sa heneral na eleksyon. <ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Kraushaar|first=Josh|date=2010-05-26|title=Rep. Raul Labrador wins Idaho primary upset|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/05/labrador-in-idaho-primary-upset-037790|access-date=2010-06-28|publisher=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Kan 2014, nagbugtak siya nin sarong dai nagin mapangganang angat ki [[Kevin McCarthy]] para sa posisyon kan [[House Majority Leader]], na nagdadalagan bilang mas konserbatibong alternatibo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine|last=Newton-Small|first=Jay|date=2014-06-16|title=Raul Labrador Aims to Upset Race for House Majority Leader|url=https://time.com/2878143/raul-labrador-tea-party-idaho-house-majority-leader/|access-date=2024-01-10|magazine=TIME|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=LoGiurato|first=Brett|title=TEA PARTY FAVORITE: Here's Why I Should Be The Next Majority Leader|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/raul-labrador-majority-leader-kevin-mccarthy-2014-6|access-date=2024-01-10|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> Kan 2015, si Labrador nagin saro sa siyam na inagural na miyembro kan [[Freedom Caucus|House Freedom Caucus]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=French|first=Lauren|date=2015-01-26|title=9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593}}</ref>
Si Labrador nagdalagan para sa gobernador kan Idaho kan [[2018 Idaho gubernatorial election|2018]], na nagtapos sa ikaduwang lugar sa primarya kan Republikano ki Tenyente Gobernador [[Brad Little]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/09/politics/raul-labrador-idaho-governor/index.html|title=Freedom caucus member launches bid for governor|accessdate=2017-10-02}}</ref> Kan huri siya an nagin pamayo kan Partido Republikano kan Idaho poon 2019 sagkod 2020. Kan [[2022 Idaho Attorney General election|2022]], siya naelihir na abogado heneral pagkatapos na daogon an haloy nang nakatukaw na [[Lawrence Wasden|si Lawrence Wasden]] sa primarya kan Republikano.
== Amay na buhay asin edukasyon ==
Namundag kan Disyembre 8, 1967, sa [[Carolina, Puerto Rico]], si Labrador nagbalyo sa [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]], kan siya aki pa asin naggradwar sa [[Las Vegas High School]] kan 1985. Pinadakula siya nin sarong nagsosolong ina na nasasakitan sa pinansiyal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.raullabrador.com/|title=Raúl Labrador for Governor|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014023609/http://www.raullabrador.com/}}</ref>
Nag-adal siya sa [[Brigham Young University]] sa [[Provo, Utah]], asin naggamit nin duwang taon bilang sarong [[Missionary (LDS Church)|misyonero]] para sa [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw|Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa Huring Aldaw]] sa [[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]] [[Tsile|Chile]] poon 1987 sagkod 1989. Si Labrador nagbalik sa BYU asin nag-ako nin Bachelor of Arts degree sa [[Tataramon na Espanyol|Espanyol]] kan 1992 na may pagdodoon sa literaturang Latin Amerikano. Siya inadmitir sa [[University of Washington School of Law]] sa [[Seattle]] asin nag-ako kan saiyang [[Juris Doctor]] kan 1995. <ref name="rl12">{{Cite news|url=http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/raul-labrador--ID-H|title=Raul Labrador|accessdate=October 6, 2015}}</ref>
== Amay na karera ==
Nag-agom kan 1991, si Labrador nagbalyo sa estado kan saiyang agom na Idaho asin nagpraktis nin abogasiya asin [[Immigration law|ley sa imigrasyon]] sa pribadong praktis poon 1995 sagkod sa saiyang eleksyon sa [[Idaho House of Representatives|lehislatura kan estado]] kan 2006. <ref name="Bioguide2">{{Cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000573|title=Bioguide Search|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=PARKER|title=In House, Immigration Spurs Push by G.O.P|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/us/politics/house-republicans-seek-tougher-line-on-immigration.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fpolitics%2Findex.jsonp|accessdate=June 7, 2013|date=June 6, 2013}}</ref>
== Personal na buhay ==
Si Labrador nakaistar sa [[Eagle, Idaho|Eagle]] kaiba an saiyang agom na si Rebecca asin an saindang limang aki; siya sarong miyembro kan [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw|Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa Huring-aldaw]] .
== Hilingon man ==
[[List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress|Listahan kan mga Hispaniko asin Latino Amerikano sa Kongreso kan Estados Unidos]]
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Tamboan}}
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