Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 178 311879 309401 2026-10-26T22:35:42Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311879 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Para sa isla nin Guimaras, hilingon an [[Guimaras (isla)]].'' {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Guimaras''' sarong [[Isla|isla]]ng [[Provincia kan Filipinas|provincia]] kan [[Filipinas|Republika kan Filipinas]] na namómogták sa rehiyon [[Rehiyon Sulnupan na Visayas|Sulnupan na Visayas]]. An banwaan nin [[Jordan, Guimaras|Jordan]] an [[kapitolyo|kapitolyo]] kaini. Sosog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. An designadong area code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|area_code}}. Namomogtak an isla sa [[Golpo kan Panay]] sa tahaw kan mga isla nin [[Panay|Panay]] asin [[Negros]]. Sa norteng-sulnupan kaini an provincia kan [[Iloilo]] asin sa sur-subangan an [[Negros Occidental]]. ==Heograpiya== Nababanga an Guimaras sa 5 banwaan. ====Mga banwaan==== *[[Buenavista, Guimaras|Buenavista]] *[[Jordan, Guimaras|Jordan]] *[[Nueva Valencia, Guimaras|Nueva Valencia]] *[[San Lorenzo, Guimaras|San Lorenzo]] *[[Sibunag, Guimaras|Sibunag]] == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} == Kataytayan nin mga ladawan == <gallery> Ph_fil_guimaras.png|Mga banwaan kan Guimaras Iloilo_as_seen_from_Guimaras.jpg|Tanawon kan Iloilo gikan sa Guimaras Guimaras_Island,_Philippines.jpg|Sarong kakahuyan sa isla nin Guimaras </gallery> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210615183730/https://guimaras.gov.ph/ Opisyal na websayt kan govierno provincial nin Guimaras] *[http://www.stayinguimaras.com Stay in Guimaras!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209073052/http://www.stayinguimaras.com/ |date=2007-12-09 }} *[http://exploreguimaras.blogspot.com Explore Guimaras!] *[http://www.panda.org/news_facts/newsroom/index.cfm?uNewsID=78300 WWF News Bulletin on the Disaster] *[http://www.saveguimaras.com/blog Save Guimaras.com (Guimaras Oil Spill)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318033245/http://saveguimaras.com/blog/ |date=2007-03-18 }} *[http://www.ligtasguimaras.com.ph Ligtas Guimaras (Guimaras Oil Spill)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127140955/http://www.ligtasguimaras.com.ph/ |date=2021-01-27 }} *[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17385 Oil Spill near Guimaras Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924155302/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17385 |date=2008-09-24 }} at [[NASA Earth Observatory]] {{Navbox Guimaras}} {{Visayas lateral}} [[Kategorya:Mga provincia kan Filipinas]] aov5abvwp3cahcncq6oal3cswhtxn87 0 8812 311895 216844 2026-10-27T03:15:10Z CarlessParking 29749 311895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Kulatoy | synonyms = Sty, hordeolum | image = Stye02.jpg | caption = An external stye on the upper eyelid | field = [[Ophthalmology]], [[optometry]] | pronounce = Stye {{IPAc-en|s|t|aɪ}}, hordeolum {{IPAc-en|h|ɔːr|ˈ|d|iː|ə|l|ə|m}} | symptoms = Red tender bump at the edge of the eyelid | complications = | onset = Any age | duration = Few days or weeks | types = | causes = Usually [[bacterial infection]] by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = [[Chalazion]] | prevention = | treatment = [[Warm compresses]], [[antibiotic]] eye ointment | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} An '''kulátoy''' ó kulatáy (sa Inglés, Stye) ay sarong impeksyon sa mata na nagdadakula habang naghahaluy. Nangyayari ini kapag may bacteria nahali sa balat ay nakaduman sa eye follicles kang sarong tao. Ang kulátoy ó Stye ay dae masyadong naghahaluy. Pwede siyang mawara sa laog kang 7-10 na aldaw na warang bulong ó treatment na piggigibo. == Kawsa == An kulatoy ay madalas na nagluluwas sa kaakian, pero naeeksperyensya ini kan gabos na edad. An kulatoy pwedeng maging dahilan kan kakulangan sa nutrisyon, kakulangan o pagpugol sa pagturog, kakulangan sa kalinigan (lack of hygiene) o pirming pagkagaw sa mata. An papasa-pasang twalya o face towels dapat malimitahan para malikayan an pagkalat kan impeksyon sa pamilya o sa mga kaiba. An kulatoy pwedeng mawara sa laog kan saro o duwang semana, o 4 na aldaw kun dai mapabayaan. {{stub}} o7h73fpznxztmw5o1fhcbvmuz389cxi 311896 311895 2026-10-27T03:16:59Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Kulatoy | synonyms = Sty, hordeolum | image = Stye02.jpg | caption = An external stye on the upper eyelid | field = [[Ophthalmology]], [[optometry]] | pronounce = Stye {{IPAc-en|s|t|aɪ}}, hordeolum {{IPAc-en|h|ɔːr|ˈ|d|iː|ə|l|ə|m}} | symptoms = Red tender bump at the edge of the eyelid | complications = | onset = Any age | duration = Few days or weeks | types = | causes = Usually [[bacterial infection]] by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = [[Chalazion]] | prevention = | treatment = [[Warm compresses]], [[antibiotic]] eye ointment | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} An '''kulatoy''' (sa Inglés, Stye) iyo an sarong impeksyon sa mata na nagdadakula mantang naghahaloy. Nangyayari ini kapag may bacteria na gikan sa kublit nakaduman sa eye follicles kan sarong tao. An kulatoy bakong masyadong naghahaloy. Pwede siyang mawara sa laog nin 7-10 na aldaw na mayong bulong o treatment na piggigibo. == Kawsa == An kulatoy ay madalas na nagluluwas sa kaakian, pero naeeksperyensya ini kan gabos na edad. An kulatoy pwedeng maging dahilan kan kakulangan sa nutrisyon, kakulangan o pagpugol sa pagturog, kakulangan sa kalinigan (lack of hygiene) o pirming pagkagaw sa mata. An papasa-pasang twalya o face towels dapat malimitahan para malikayan an pagkalat kan impeksyon sa pamilya o sa mga kaiba. An kulatoy pwedeng mawara sa laog kan saro o duwang semana, o 4 na aldaw kun dai mapabayaan. {{stub}} s1jnpl5o6a5w8axkspet8brcqma1jll 0 9652 311872 292773 2026-10-26T13:44:37Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Early Pleistocene | Present}} | image = Walking tiger female.jpg | image_caption = A [[Bengal tiger|Bengal tigress]] in [[Kanha Tiger Reserve]], India | image_upright = 1.2 | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Panthera tigris'' |author=Goodrich, J. |author2=Wibisono, H. |author3=Miquelle, D. |author4=Lynam, A.J |author5=Sanderson, E. |author6=Chapman, S. |author7=Gray, T. N. E. |author8=Chanchani, P. |author9=Harihar, A. |name-list-style=amp |date=2022 |page=e.T15955A214862019 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T15955A214862019.en |access-date=31 August 2022}}</ref> | status2 = CITES_A1 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/> | taxon = Panthera tigris | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)<ref name=Linn1758/> | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = * ''[[Panthera tigris tigris|P. t. tigris]]'' * ''[[Sunda Island tiger|P. t. sondaica]]'' * {{extinct}}''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' * {{extinct}}''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' * {{extinct}}''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis|P. t. trinilensis]]'' | range_map = Tiger distribution.png | range_map_caption = Tiger distribution as of 2022 | range_map_upright = 1.2 | synonyms = {{Species list | Felis tigris | [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[Systema Naturae|1758]] | Tigris striatus | [[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858 | Tigris regalis | [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1867 }} | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite book |first1=J. R. |last1=Ellerman |first2=T. C. S. |last2=Morrison-Scott |name-list-style=amp |date=1951 |title=Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 |location=London |publisher=British Museum |pages=318–319 |chapter=''Panthera tigris'', Linnaeus, 1758 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/checklistofpalae00elle/page/318/mode/2up}}</ref> }} [[File:Tiger in Ranthambhore.jpg|thumb]] An '''tigre''' (''Panthera tigris'') sarong dakulang pusa asin miyembro kan genus na [[Panthera]] tubong [[Asya]]. Igwa ining makusog, maskuladong hawak na may dakulang payo asin mga kuko, halabang ikog asin kolor kahel na barahibo na may itom, kadaklan patindog na mga guhit. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga hayop]] 45ig1dj11k6xqxsighikrx3c6s4ymoc 0 12782 311874 255998 2026-10-26T14:06:11Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Albay Park & Wildlife.JPG|350px|thumbnail|too|Tata kan Albay Park & Wildlife]] [[Ladawan:Close-up picture of Peacock in Albay.jpg|thumb|Close-up picture of Peacock in Albay Park and Wildlife in Legazpi City]] [[Ladawan:Pelican in Albay Park and Wildlife.jpg|thumb|Pelican in Albay Park and Wildlife]] [[Ladawan:Peacock tail in Albay Park and Wildlife.jpg|thumb|Peacock tail in Albay Park and Wildlife]] [[Ladawan:Peacock spread out his tail 2.jpg|thumb|Peacock spread out his tail]] [[Ladawan:I love Albay Park and Wildlife.jpg|thumb|I love Albay Park and Wildlife]] [[Ladawan:Peacock in Albay Park and Wildlife.jpg|thumb|A peacock during his interaction with tourist inside the Albay Park and Wildlife in Legazpi City, Albay]] [[Ladawan:Side-view cage of Peafowl in Albay Park and Wildlife.jpg|thumb|Side-view cage of Peacock and Peahen in Albay Park and Wildlife]] [[Ladawan:The shy type of Peacock.jpg|thumb|The shy type of Peacock enjoying his own company in his cage]] An '''Albay Park and Wildlife''' sarong parke sa pamitisan kan bulod Linyon sa [[Syudad nin Legazpi]], [[probinsya kan Filipinas|probinsya]] nin [[Albay]]. Mahihiling digdi an manlainlain na hayop siring kan 288 na mga gamgam kabilang an Philippine Hawk Eagle asin mga bleeding-heart pigeon, iguana, sawa, sarong buaya, mga pulang squirrel, kabalang asin iba pang namemeligrong mawara na mga espesyo. Yaon man digdi naka-eksibit an nakapreserbang pating na megamouth (Megachasma pelagios) na may sukol na 15 pye.<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/678311/an-encounter-with-toothless-in-albay An encounter with ‘Toothless’ in Albay] Philippine Daily Inquirer (pighugot 2015-03-18)</ref> May hiwas na limang (5) hektarya, an parke igwa nin lugar na kawatan para sa kaakian, mga kubo-kubo, sadit na danaw na pwedeng sagwanan nin mga baruto siring man igwang mga kahoy na nagtataong lindong. Yaon ini sa pamamahala ni Maria Mercedes Verga.<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/646100/nights-of-music-magic-for-mayon-evacuees Nights of music, magic for Mayon evacuees] Philippine Daily Inquirer (pighugot 2015-03-18)</ref> ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> Albay Park & Wildlife lagoon.JPG|Danaw-danaw sa laog kan parke Albay Park & Wildlife ostrich.JPG|Saro sa mga ostrich na mahihiling Albay Park & Wildlife owl.JPG|Saro sa mga kuwaw na mahihiling Megamouth Shark at Albay Park & Wildlife.JPG|Eksibit nin nakapreserbang pating na megamouth Albaypark.jpg|Mga hawla </gallery> ==Toltolan== <small>{{reflist}}</small> {{tamboan}} dw0m2ephz4pcajfge4mlbrpann9lntg 0 18754 311885 184321 2026-10-27T01:59:59Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Porto-Novo|other_name=Hogbonu, Àjàshé Ilé|nickname=|settlement_type=Syudad asin [[Mga komyun kan Benin|komyun]]|motto=|image_skyline=Porto-Novo vue.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=View of Porto-Novo|image_flag=Flag of Benin.svg|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=Kinamumugtakan kan Porto-Novo sa Benin|pushpin_map=Benin<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Nasyon]]|subdivision_name={{BEN}}|subdivision_type1=[[Mga departamento kan Benin|Departamento]]|subdivision_name1=[[Departamento nin Ouémé|Ouémé]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=[[Mayor]]|leader_name=Emmanuel Zossou|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|established_title=Established|established_date=ika-16 na siglo|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=110 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=110|population_as_of=2009|population_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-35&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|title=World Gazetteer|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130209123106/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-35&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|archivedate=February 9, 2013|deadurl=yes|df=}}</ref>|population_note=|population_total=267191|population_density_km2=auto|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|timezone=|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|6|29|50|N|2|36|18|E|region:BJ|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=38|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|website={{Official website|www.villedeportonovo.com}}|footnotes=}} An '''Porto-Novo''' (Pagsasayod sa Pranses: ​[pɔʁtɔnɔvo]; bisto man sa '''Hogbonu''' asin '''Ajashe'''; Fon: Xɔ̀gbónù) iyo an kapitolyo kan [[Benin]], asin naging kapitolyo kan French Dahomey. An komyun nasasakupan an lugar na igwang sukol na 110 kilometro kwadrado (42 sq mi) asin kan 2002 igwa ining populasyon na 223,552 katawo.<ref name="Atlasbenin">{{Cite web|url=http://atlasbenin.africa-web.org/Oueme/Portonovo.htm|title=Porto-Novo|publisher=Atlas Monographique des Communes du Benin|accessdate=January 5, 2010|archive-date=September 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912011322/https://africa-web.org/site/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ybj.html|title=Communes of Benin|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=January 5, 2010}}</ref> Base sa ngaran, an Porto-Novo ([[Portuges|Portuguese]]: ''bagong pyer'', Pagsasayod sa Portuges: [ˡpoɾtʊ ˡnovʊ]) dating piyer na ginibo para sa bentahan kan mga oripon na pinamahalaan nin Emperyong Portuges. ==Mga toltolan== <references group="" responsive=""></references> M {{Stub}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2t6nrrsxpobuthf780hqtj8qr3ub29m 0 24368 311881 309232 2026-10-26T23:11:14Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox | title = Inhinyeriyang pangkapalibotan | data1 = [[File:Marlborough_East_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant_Aerial.JPG|200px]]<br /> [[File:ESQUEMPEQUE-EN.jpg|200px]]<br /> [[File:Výpust_přečištěné_vody_z_ČOV_Boletice.jpg|200px]] | data2 = '''(1)''' Sarong planta para sa [[paglinig nin maati na tubig]] '''(2)''' Proseso kan paglinig nin maati na tubig '''(3)''' Malinig na tubig pagkatapos nin pagtrato na proseso }} An '''inhinyeriyang pangkapalibotan''' ([[Ingles]]: ''environmental engineering'') iyo klase nin trabaho na sarong propesyonal na [[Inhenyeriya|inhinyeriyang]] disiplina asin nagkukua nin mahiwas na [[Siyensya|siyentipikong]] urulay arug kan [[kimika]], [[biyolohiya]], [[ekolohiya]], [[heolohiya]], [[hidraliko]], [[mikrobiyolohiya]], asin [[matematika]] ngarig makahimo nin mga solusyon na maprotekta sagkod mapaurog an [[salud]] nin mga nabubuhay na [[organismo]] asin an kalidad nin [[kapalibotan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaees.org/careers/|title=Careers in Environmental Engineering and Environmental Science|website=American Academy of Environmental Engineers & Scientists|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224142618/https://www.aaees.org/careers/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition" /> An inhinyeriyang kapalibotan iyo sarong sub-disiplina nin [[inhinyeriyang pangsibil]] asin [[inhinyeriyang pangkimika]]. == Mga katuyohan == An inhinyeriyang pangkapalibotan iyo an aplikasyon nin siyentipiko asin inhinyeriyang prinsipyo para mapaurog asin magin mantinido an kapalibotan sa: * protektahan an salud nin mga tawo, * protektahan an benipisyong tinatao kan ekosistema nin kapalibotan, * sagkod mapaurog an kalidad nin buhay kan tawo na may kinaaraman sa kapalibotan.<ref name=":0" /> == Aplikasyon == [[Ladawan:Nitrification Process Tank.jpg|wala|thumb|261x261px|Sarong tanke para sa nitripikasyong proseso]] === Pagdisenyo nin proseso === An mga inhinyerong pangkapalibotan iyo naghihimo nin mga solusyon para sa ''wastewater management'', pagkontrol sa polusyon sa tubig asin ere, ''recycling'', pag-apon nin basura, asin pampublikong salud.<ref name="Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/10-advancements-environmental-engineering.htm|title=10 Advancements in Environmental Engineering|date=2014-05-18|website=HowStuffWorks|access-date=2019-03-23}}</ref> Nagdidisenyo sinda nin mga pangmunisipyong suplay nin tubig asin sistemang pangtrato sa mga pang-industriya na wastewater,<ref>{{cite book|title=Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants|title-link=Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants|author=Beychok, Milton R.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1967|edition=1st|lccn=67019834}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Wastewater Engineering (Treatment Disposal Reuse) / Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.|url=https://archive.org/details/wastewaterengine0000unse|author1=Tchobanoglous, G.|author2=Burton, F.L.|author3=Stensel, H.D.|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company|year=2003|isbn=978-0-07-041878-3|edition=4th}}</ref> sagkod nagdidisenyo nin mga plano ngarig malikayan an mga helang hale sa tubig sain mapaurog an sanitasyon sa urbano, rural, asin rekreasyunal na mga lugar. Nag-eebalwar man sinda nin mga hasardong-waste management na sistema ngarig maaraman an rarom nin nasambit na hasardo, abiso sa pagtrato asin pagkontamina, sagkod mahaman an mga regulasyon ngarig malikayan an mga posibleng maraot na epekto. Nag-iimplementar man sinda nin mga ley sa sa inihinyeriyang pangkapalibotan arug kan pag-adal sa impak nin mga gigibuhon pa sanang mga proyekto sa kapalibotan. === Pangkapalibotan na mga isyu === An mga inhinyerong pangkapalibotan iyo minaadal nin epekto kan teknolohikal na pag-uswag sa kapalibotan, pagsimbag sa lokal asin mga pankinabang mga isyu arug kan [[asidong uran]], [[pag-init nin kinaban]], [[pagkawara nin ozone]], [[polusyon sa tubig]] hale sa ati nin awtomobil, asin inudstrial na ginikanan.<ref name="Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition">{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/home.htm|title=Architecture and Engineering Occupations|date=20 February 2019|website=Occupational Outlook Handbook|publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics|access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/workbookofatmosp0000turn|title=Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling|author=Turner, D.B.|publisher=CRC Press|year=1994|isbn=978-1-56670-023-8|edition=2nd|}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion|title-link=Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion|author=Beychok, M.R.|publisher=author-published|year=2005|isbn=978-0-9644588-0-2|edition=4th}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/careerinformatio00_2|title=Career Information Center. Agribusiness, Environment, and Natural Resources|publisher=Macmillan Reference|year=2007|edition=9th|}}</ref> == Propesyon == Harus sa mga hurisdiksyon minasugo nin paglisensya asin rehistrasyon na pangangaipo para sa kwalipikadong mga inhinyerong pangkapalibotan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaees.org/becomeboardcertified/environmentalengineers.php|title=Become Board Certified in Environmental Engineering|website=American Academy of Environmental Engineers & Scienteists|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118112537/https://www.aaees.org/becomeboardcertified/environmentalengineers.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncees.org/engineering/pe/environmental/|title=NCEES PE Environmental exam information|website=NCEES|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=2019-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323171110/https://ncees.org/engineering/pe/environmental/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engc.org.uk/about-us/our-partners/professional-engineering-institutions/|title=Professional Engineering Institutions|website=Engineering Council|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=2019-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617231150/https://www.engc.org.uk/about-us/our-partners/professional-engineering-institutions/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Hilingon man == * [[Inhenyeriya]] * [[Inhinyeriyang pangkimika]] * [[Kinaban]] == Iba pang babasahon == * Davis, M. L. and D. A. Cornwell, (2006) ''Introduction to environmental engineering'' (4th ed.) McGraw-Hill <nowiki>ISBN 978-0072424119</nowiki> * National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2019). Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges (Report). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:[[doi:10.17226/25121|10.17226/25121]] == Toltolan == {{reflist|2}} {{commons category|Environmental engineering}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Inhenyeriya]] [[Kategorya:Kapalibutan]] nelfh6xxfcq3nx5d3tju4ol3rzafz8j 0 24598 311894 311717 2026-10-27T03:11:23Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Filipino tattoo artist (born 1917)}} {{Philippine name|Oggay}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox artist | image = Whang-od tattooing.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Whang-od tattooing on June 30, 2016 | other_names = {{ubl|Maria Oggay<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2016/10/05/chasing-whang-od-oldest-kalinga-mambabatok-501830|title=Chasing Whang–od, the oldest Kalinga Mangdadamo|last=Catalan|first=Maria Elena|date=October 5, 2016|accessdate=February 28, 2017|newspaper=Sun Star Baguio|archive-date=March 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327150916/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2016/10/05/chasing-whang-od-oldest-kalinga-mambabatok-501830|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Apo Whang-Od<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/03/indigenous-tattooist-apo-whang-od-vogue-oldest-cover-star-106-philippines | title=Indigenous tattooist becomes Vogue's oldest ever cover star at 106 | newspaper=The Guardian | date=April 3, 2023 | last1=Ratcliffe | first1=Rebecca }}</ref> |''Alternate name spellings'': {{flatlist| * Whang Od * Wang Od * Fang-od * Whang-ud }}}} | birth_name = Whang-od Oggay | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1917|2|17}} | birth_place = [[Tinglayan]], [[Kalinga (province)|Kalinga]], [[Mountain Province]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]] | nationality = [[Philippines|Filipino]] | education = | alma_mater = | known_for = Last and oldest practitioner of Kalinga tattooing<ref name=inq>{{cite news| last = Melanes | first = Maurice| date = September 10, 2013| title = Skin as archive of history, culture, identity| url = http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/485029/skin-as-archive-of-history-culture-identity| newspaper = [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] | location = Philippines| access-date = October 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| date = 2014| title = Whang-Od| url = http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/traveler-magazine/photo-contest/2014/entries/281595/view/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140803044253/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/traveler-magazine/photo-contest/2014/entries/281595/view/| url-status = dead| archive-date = August 3, 2014| newspaper = [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]| location = [[United States]]| access-date = October 19, 2015| accessdate = March 15, 2021| archivedate = August 3, 2014| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140803044253/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/traveler-magazine/photo-contest/2014/entries/281595/view/}}</ref><br>Oldest person on the cover of ''Vogue'' | notable_works = | style = | movement = | spouse = | partner = | awards = [[Presidential Medal of Merit (Philippines)]] | elected = | patrons = | memorials = | website = <!-- {{URL|Example.com}} --> | module = }} Si '''Whang-od Oggay''' ( <small>pronunciation kan enot na pangaran:</small> [ ˈ(h)waŋˈ(ʔ)ɔd ] ; <ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTJf4mulnRE|title=Biyahe ni Drew: Meet Apo Whang-Od, the oldest traditional tattoo artist in Kalinga|date=13 October 2019|website=YouTube|publisher=GMA Public Affairs|access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>  namundag {{Circa}} Pebrero 17, 1917 o Marso 6, 1919), <ref>{{cite web|url=https://radyonatin.com/story.php/46552|title=Legendary tattoo artisan Whang-od celebrates 104th birthday|access-date=March 25, 2025|archive-date=November 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121010840/https://radyonatin.com/story.php/46552|dead-url=yes}}</ref> bisto man sa pangaran na '''Maria Oggay''', sarong tattoo artist gikan sa baryo nin Buscalan sa laog [[Tinglayan|kan Tinglayan]], [[Kalinga]], Filipinas . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Whang-od, el mito de la última tatuadora de la tribu filipina Kalinga|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20150812/54435777390/whang-od-el-mito-de-la-ultima-tatuadora-de-la-tribu-filipina-kalinga.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ratcliffe|first=Rebecca|title=Indigenous tattooist becomes Vogue's oldest ever cover star at 106|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/03/indigenous-tattooist-apo-whang-od-vogue-oldest-cover-star-106-philippines}}</ref> Parati siyang piglaladawan bilang an "huri" asin pinakagurang ''na mambabatok'' (tradisyonal na paratattoo nin Kalinga) asin parte kan mga tawong Butbut kan mas dakulang etnikong grupo nin Kalinga . <ref>{{cite news|date=August 12, 2015|title=Whang-od, el mito de la última tatuadora de la tribu filipina Kalinga|trans-title=Whang-od, the Myth of the Last Tattoist from the Philippine Kalinga tribe|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20150812/54435777390/whang-od-el-mito-de-la-ultima-tatuadora-de-la-tribu-filipina-kalinga.html|newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]]|location=Spain|language=Spanish|access-date=October 19, 2015}}</ref> Sa edad na 11, nagpoon siyang mag-tattoo [[Pugot payo|nin mga headhunter]] asin babae ni Butbut. Alagad an mga parapakilaban tradisyonal na nagkukua nin mga tattoo gikan sa mga gibo sa pakikipaglaban. Sa pagtapos kan giyera kan mga tribu sa rehiyon, si Whang-od padagos na naggigibo nin tradisyonal na pag-tattoo sa mga turista na nagbibisita sa Buscalan. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ratcliffe|first=Rebecca|date=April 3, 2023|title=Indigenous tattooist becomes Vogue's oldest ever cover star at 106|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/03/indigenous-tattooist-apo-whang-od-vogue-oldest-cover-star-106-philippines|access-date=April 11, 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Bakong arog kan mayoriya kan mga Pilipino, dai siya tataong magtaram [[Tataramon na Tagalog|nin Tagalog]], [[Tataramon na Filipino|Filipino]], o [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]] . Nakikipag-olay sana siya sa [[Tataramon na Kalinga|Kalinga]], an saiyang katutubong tataramon, asin [[Tataramon na Ilokano|Ilocano]], sarong [[lingua franca]] kan Norteng Luzon. Kan Abril 2023, an 106-anyos na si Whang-od nagluwas sa cover kan ''Vogue Philippines'' {{'}} Beauty Issue, na iyo an pinakagurang na nabubuhay na tawo na nagluwas sa cover kan <nowiki><i id="mwYQ">Vogue</i></nowiki> . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Woodyatt|first=Amy|title=A 106-year-old from the Philippines is Vogue's oldest ever cover model|url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/vogue-philippines-april-cover-intl-scli/index.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Sánchez|first=Emma|title=106-year-old Indigenous Filipino tattoo artist becomes Vogue cover model|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/106-year-old-indigenous-filipino-tattoo-artist-becomes-vogue-cover-mod-rcna77658}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mouriquand|first=David|date=April 10, 2023|title=106-year-old Filipino tattoo artist becomes Vogue's oldest cover model|url=https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/04/10/a-106-year-old-indigenous-filipino-tattoo-artist-becomes-vogues-oldest-ever-cover-model|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217063955/https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/04/10/a-106-year-old-indigenous-filipino-tattoo-artist-becomes-vogues-oldest-ever-cover-model|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=April 11, 2023|website=euronews|language=en}}</ref> An [[Nasyunal na Komisyon para sa Kultura asin kan Arte|National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] (NCCA) nagtao ki Whang-od kan prestihiyosong ''Dangal ng Haraya Award'' sa [[Tabuk]], an kabisera kan etnikong probinsya ni Whang-od na [[Kalinga]], kan 2018. Siya nominado para sa National Living Treasures Award (Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan) kan 2017. An saiyang nominasyon pigpoproseso pa kan NCCA. <ref name="news.mb.com.ph2">{{Cite web|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/06/22/apo-whang-od-commended-for-raising-kalinga-culture|title=Apo Whang–Od commended for raising Kalinga culture|website=Manila Bulletin News|access-date=June 24, 2018|archive-date=November 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104101431/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/06/22/apo-whang-od-commended-for-raising-kalinga-culture/|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="rappler.com2">{{Cite web|last=Cimatu|first=Frank|date=June 12, 2018|title=Whang-od to receive Dangal ng Haraya award|url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/whang-od-ncca-dangal-ng-haraya-award|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217064533/https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/204710-whang-od-ncca-dangal-ng-haraya-award/|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=February 17, 2024|website=Rappler}}</ref><ref name="news.abs-cbn.com2">{{Cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/06/13/18/whang-od-to-receive-award-for-contribution-to-ph-culture-arts|title=Whang-od to receive award for contribution to PH culture, arts|website=ABS-CBN News}}</ref><ref name="cnnphilippines.com2">{{Cite web|url=https://cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2018/06/13/Whang-od-Dangal-ng-Haraya-2018-NCCA.html|title=Whang-od to receive cultural heritage award from NCCA|website=cnn|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=November 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104101442/https://cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2018/06/13/Whang-od-Dangal-ng-Haraya-2018-NCCA.html|url-status=}}</ref> == Biograpiya == === Karera === [[Ladawan:Whang-od_and_a_recently_tattooed_visitor..jpg|thumb| Nakikipag-olay sa sarong bisitang may tattoo]] Si Whang-od nagpoon na mag-tattoo sa edad na 15, <ref name=":42">{{cite web|last=Springer|first=Kate|date=August 6, 2017|title=Meet Whang Od Oggay: The Philippines' oldest tattoo artis|url=http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/philippines-oldest-tattoo-artist/index.html|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217065146/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/philippines-oldest-tattoo-artist/index.html|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 19, 2017|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>ng tradisyonal na porma nin arte na saiyang nanodan sa saiyang ama na pigkokonsiderar na sarong master tattooist sa rehiyon. <ref name=":152">{{Cite web|last=Krutak|first=Lars|authorlink=Lars Krutak|date=2009|title=Lars Krutak {{!}} The Last Kalinga Tattoo Artist of the Philippines {{!}} Lars Krutak|url=http://www.larskrutak.com/the-last-kalinga-tattoo-artist-of-the-philippines/|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217065424/https://www.larskrutak.com/the-last-kalinga-tattoo-artist-of-the-philippines/|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 23, 2017|website=www.larskrutak.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Sa tradisyon, an mga lalaki sana na may espesyal na ginikanan sa pag-tattoo an tinutugutan na makanuod kan arte. Si Whang-od sarong eksepsyon huli sa saiyang talento asin potensyal na nahiling kan saiyang ama. Sa huring buhay, an mga piniling aprentis ni Whang-od mga babae sana, na binalga an tradisyon na patrimonial sa kaenot-enote sa naitala na kasaysayan kan Kalinga. Sa ibong kan pagbalga sa tradisyon, inako kan saiyang komunidad an saiyang desisyon. Ginigibo niya an ''batok'', an tradisyonal na pag-tattoo na may kamot, sa mga lalaking headhunter na nakakua kan mga tattoo sa paagi nin pagprotehir sa mga baryo o paggadan sa mga kaiwal. Nagpapatattoo man siya nin mga babae kan mga tawong Butbut sa Buscalan, Kalinga, para sa mga katuyuhan na estetiko. <ref name=":43">{{cite web|last=Springer|first=Kate|date=August 6, 2017|title=Meet Whang Od Oggay: The Philippines' oldest tattoo artis|url=http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/philippines-oldest-tattoo-artist/index.html|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217065146/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/philippines-oldest-tattoo-artist/index.html|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 19, 2017|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="bbc2">{{cite news|last=Lowe|first=Aya|date=May 27, 2014|title=Reviving the art of Filipino tribal tattoos|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27539510|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140528091339/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27539510|archive-date=May 28, 2014|access-date=October 19, 2015|newspaper=[[BBC]]|location=[[United Kingdom]]}}</ref> Bilang sarong tradisyonal na Kalinga tattooist o ''mambabatok'', siya naghuhula asin nag-aawit mantang naggigibo nin mga tattoo. <ref name=":122">{{Cite web|last=Buccat|first=Rhys|title=How an old woman tattooed an age-old tradition on the global map|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/specials/ph/tattoo/whang-ud|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230212153542/https://news.abs-cbn.com/specials/ph/tattoo/whang-ud|archive-date=February 12, 2023|access-date=October 23, 2017|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en-US}}</ref> An lambang disenyo na saiyang ginigibo igwa nin mga simbolikong kahulugan na espesipiko sa kulturang ''mambabatok'' . Halimbawa, an sarong parapakilaban na nakagadan nin kaiwal tatawan nin tattoo nin agila pagpuli nia hale sa ralaban. <ref name="rebirth">{{Cite news|last=Howard|first=Anne Collins|date=January 18, 2016|title=The rebirth of a 1,000-year tradition|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20160106-an-ancient-ink-technique-sees-new-blood}}</ref> Enot siyang na-tattoo kan siya sarong tin-edyer <ref name=":44">{{cite web|last=Springer|first=Kate|date=August 6, 2017|title=Meet Whang Od Oggay: The Philippines' oldest tattoo artis|url=http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/philippines-oldest-tattoo-artist/index.html|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217065146/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/philippines-oldest-tattoo-artist/index.html|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 19, 2017|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> na may mga disenyo na igwa nin hagyan asin sarong sawa. <ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Daveney|first=Susan|title=This 100-Year-Old Female Tattoo Artist Is Cool AF|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/100-year-old-female-tattoo-artist_uk_58db6db1e4b0546370634646}}</ref> An tattoo na python orog na mahalaga sa mga sagradong istorya kan saiyang banwaan. Susog sa saindang katutubong relihiyon, an tattoo nin kiskis nin sawa enot na itinao ki Lagkunawa, sarong magayon na nobleng babae gikan sa baryo nin Tinglayan (baryo ni Whang-od). Ini sarong regalo gikan sa bayani-diyos na si Banna, na namoot sa mortal. Poon kaidto, an tattoo ipinasa sa mga henerasyon. ''An Fatok'' iyo an termino na ginagamit sa pagpatattoo nin mga babae tanganing ipahiling an kagayunan asin kayamanan. Kun an takyag nin sarong babae may tattoo arog kan sadiring mga tattoo ni Whang-od, an pamilya kan babae obligadong magbayad sa paratattoo nin sarong piglet o sarong bugkos nin inani na bagas (na inaapod sa lokal na ''dalan'' ). Sa ibong na lado, ''an fi-ing'' iyo an termino na ginagamit sa pagtattoo nin mga lalaking Butbut warriors sa saindang mga daghan asin mga takyag. Si Whang-od dati nag-eensayo nin ''pag-fi-ing'' sagkod na an headhunting pigdisganar kan gobyerno. ''An fi-ing'' huring ginibo kan 1972. <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Albano Jr.|first=Estanislao|title=Saving Kalinga's dying art of tattooing|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/738487/saving-kalingas-dying-art-of-tattooing}}</ref> Dawa ngani mayo na an mga headhunter, pig-aaplay pa man giraray ni Whang-od an mga tattoo sa mga turista sa Buscalan. Alagad dai na siya nag-aawit kun nagtatattoo nin mga turista, nin huli ta an mga awit para sana sa pagpagayon kan mga babaeng Kalinga asin para sa selebrasyon kan kapangganahan kan mga lalaking Kalinga sa ralaban. An nagkapira sa saiyang mga notable na parokyano iyo [[Rhian Ramos|si Rhian Ramos]], <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 5, 2014|title=LOOK: Rhian Ramos gets traditional tattoos|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/12/05/14/look-rhian-ramos-gets-traditional-tattoos|accessdate=March 25, 2025|archivedate=November 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115015738/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/12/05/14/look-rhian-ramos-gets-traditional-tattoos}}</ref> Drew Arellano, <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 9, 2014|title='Biyahe ni Drew' heads to Kalinga, meets Apo Whang-Od|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/360250/newstv/biyahenidrew/biyahe-ni-drew-heads-to-kalinga-meets-apo-whang-od}}</ref> Liza Diño <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=February 19, 2017|title=LOOK: Liza Dino gets traditional tattoo|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/life/02/19/17/look-liza-dino-gets-traditional-tattoo}}</ref> asin [[Ice Seguerra]] . <ref name="aiza">{{Cite news|last=Gianna Francesca Catolico|date=February 20, 2017|title=LOOK: Aiza Seguerra, Liza Diño visit centenarian Apo Whang-od|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/255021/look-aiza-seguerra-liza-dino-visit-centenarian-apo-whang-od/}}</ref> An saiyang mga enot na trabaho sa pag-tattoo dai nagtao saiya nin ano man na kita <ref name="newsau">{{Cite news|last=Hatton|first=Will|title=The lost tribe and the 'tattoo master'|url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/the-lost-tribe-and-the-tattoo-master/story-fnndib5x-1227370674164|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529021741/https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/the-lost-tribe-and-the-tattoo-master/story-fnndib5x-1227370674164|archivedate=May 29, 2015|accessdate=March 25, 2025}}</ref> alagad huli sa pagdakol kan mga turista sa saiyang banwaan, siya nagkukua nin dai mababa sa [[Piso kan Filipinas|Php]] 5,000 kada aldaw para sa saiyang pag-tattoo kan 2015. Nag-aako siya nin mga beynte sagkod treyntang parokyano aroaldaw. Naggigibo sana siya nin simpleng mga tattoo ngunyan huli ta gurang na siya. An saiyang mga aprentis, gabos babae, nagpadagos kan tradisyon para saiya asin sa saindang mga tawo. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Valencia|first=Angelyn|title=Apo Whang-Od, maayos na ang kalusugan|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/life/02/13/17/apo-whang-od-maayos-na-ang-kalusugan|language=Tagalog}}</ref> An tinta sa tattoo na ginagamit niya kompuesto nin mga katutubong materyales, parati sarong halo nin uling asin tubig na pigtatapik sa kublit gamit an tunok hale sa kahoy [[Lemonsito|na calamansi]] o [[Lukban|pomelo]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Henson|first=Joaquin|date=July 20, 2017|title=NBA star to get body tattoo from local artist|url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2017/07/19/1727861/nba-star-get-body-tattoo-local-artist}}</ref> An suanoy na teknik na ini nin ''batok'' may petsang sangribong taon na an nakaagi asin medyo masakit kumpara sa mga kombensyonal na teknik. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-804500|title=Tattooed by the oldest tattoo artist in the Philippines|date=June 19, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2025|archivedate=June 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620215106/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-804500}}</ref> Naggagamit siya nin mga disenyo na makukua sa naturalesa asin mga pundamental na heometrikong porma. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|last=Lowe|first=Aya|date=May 27, 2014|title=Reviving the art of Filipino tribal tattoos|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27539510}}</ref> Igwa siyang kadakol na mga pirmang tattoo, alagad poon kan 2017, an saiyang pirmang tattoo kompuesto nin tolong tuldok, na nagrerepresentar kan saiyang sadiri asin kan saiyang duwang aprentis, na ilinaladawan bilang pagpapadagos kan porma nin arte poon sa mas gurang sagkod sa masunod na henerasyon. Apwera sa pagigin sarong tattoo artist, si Whang-od sarong iginagalang na gurang sa baryo <ref name="rappler">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-and-culture/109139-whang-od-indigenous-tattoo-artist-memories|title=Indelible moments with Whang-od, a living legend}}</ref> asin nagtutugtog nin nose flute . Naggigibo man siya nin mga trabaho sa agrikultura arog kan pagpakakan nin mga orig asin manok, <ref name=":19">{{Cite news|last=Lejano|first=Don|title=Apo Whang-od behind the ink and lemon thorns|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/276858/apo-whang-od-behind-ink-lemon-thorns/|language=en}}</ref> asin pagkultibar nin paroy. <ref name=":192">{{Cite news|last=Lejano|first=Don|date=October 25, 2017|title=Apo Whang-od behind the ink and lemon thorns|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/276858/apo-whang-od-behind-ink-lemon-thorns/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217071839/https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/276858/apo-whang-od-behind-ink-lemon-thorns/|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 30, 2017|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|language=en}}</ref> Kan Pebrero 17, 2025, an saiyang edad yaon na sa 108, na binabagsak an rekord ni [[Melchora Aquino|Tandang Sora]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Personal na buhay === Kan siya hoben pa, si Whang-od igwa nin nobyo na an pangaran Ang-Batang, sarong Butbut na parapakilaban. Naggibo siya nin ''batok'' ki Ang-Batang pagkatapos kan enot na kapangganahan kan parapakilaban sa sarong ralaban. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web|date=March 1, 2016|title=Ang pag-ibig ni Whang Od ngayong Sabado sa 'Wagas'|trans-title=The Romance of Whang Od this Sunday at 'Wagas'|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/21824/ang-pag-ibig-ni-whang-od-ngayong-sabado-sa-wagas/story/|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217072046/https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/21824/ang-pag-ibig-ni-whang-od-ngayong-sabado-sa-wagas/story/|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=April 20, 2017|website=www.gmanetwork.com|publisher=GMA Network|language=Tagalog}}</ref> Dakul na mga gurang an nagkontra sa saiyang relasyon ki Ang-Batang, sa pagtubod na an linya nin dugo kan lalaki bakong puro . Sa kahurihurihi, inareglo an kasal para ki Ang-Batang asin an pinakamarahay na katood ni Whang-od na si Hogkajon. Si Ang-Batang nagadan bilang resulta kan aksidente sa pagtroso kan si Whang-od 25 anyos pa sana. [[Ladawan:Grace_Palicas_doing_a_facial_tattoo.jpg|thumb| Grace Palicas, apo asin senior apprentice ni Whang-od, naggigibo nin tattoo sa lalawgon asin nagpapadagos kan tradisyon nin ''batok'']] Kan huri nagdesisyon siyang dai nanggad mag-agom asin mayo nin mga aki, na mayo nin nawalat na direktang mga gikan tanganing ipadagos an saiyang legasiya bilang sarong ''mambabatok'' o tradisyonal na Kalinga tattoo artist. Nagkaigwa siya nin relasyon sa ibang mga parapakilaban kan Kalinga, alagad nagdanay na daing agom huli sa saiyang panuga. Susog sa tradisyon, an saiyang kakayahan sa pag-tattoo mamana sana sa paagi nin linyada. Nagtutubod si Whang-od na kun an sarong tawo sa luwas kan linya nin dugo magpoon na mag-tattoo, an mga tattoo magkakaigwa nin impeksyon. An impluwensya kan modernidad nangangahulugan na an mga hobenes kan saiyang baryo dai na interesado sa pag-ako kan mga gibo nin tattoo kan saindang mga gurang sa laog nin mga dekada, sagkod na an paglangkaw kan pag-apresyar sa mga paagi nin mga Katutubo sa ika-21 siglo nagbukas kan dalan para sa pagpreserbar kan porma nin arte sa Buscalan. Si Whang-od nagsanay ki Grace Palicas, an saiyang makoapo, asin si Ilyang Wigan, saro pang kasalihid kan linya nin dugo, tanganing ipadagos an saiyang mga tattoo artistry. Mas dakol na mga kasalihid sa linya nin dugo an luway-luway na nagin interesado sa mga porma nin arte kan saindang mga tawo, kaiba an sarong 12-anyos na an pangaran Den Wigan. <ref name=":17">{{Cite news|last=Salvador-Amores|first=Analyn|date=October 25, 2017|title=Whang-od as a brand name|url=https://www.rappler.com/views/imho/186345-wang-od-brand-name-tattoo}}</ref> Alagad, an mga kasalihid na ini dai pa nakagibo kan ibang mga gibo nin sarong ''mambabatok,'' asin an sadiri nindang mga tattoo bakong arog ka-komplikado kan mga ki Whang-od. Dugang pa, susog sa antropologong Filipino na si Analyn Salvador-Amores, an iba pang mga tradisyon ''nin batok'', na kabali an pag-awit asin paghula, asin an pagbuyagyag kan mga simbolikong kahulugan kan mga tattoo, tibaad mawara ki Whang-od huli ta an mga ini dai nababalyo sa saiyang mga kasalihid. An pag-awit asin paghula ginigibo sana para sa mga tawong Kalinga, nungka para sa mga tawong nasa luwas kan etnikong rona. Sa siring, si Whang-od tibaad iyo an huring ''mambabatok'' kan saiyang baryo, apwera sana kun an mga katutubong Kalinga mismo pormal na nagpili na magkaigwa nin tradisyonal na mga tattoo bilang parte kan saindang modernong kultura, asin an saiyang mga aprentis nakakabisado kan magarbo asin masakit na marhay na mga arte nin pag-awit nin tattoo bago siya magadan. === Legasiya asin epekto sa kultura === Sinabi ni Senador [[Nancy Binay]] na an epekto ni Whang-od sa kulturang Pilipino nakatabang sa pagpatalubo nin kaaraman asin pagpadanay kan kaaraman, tradisyon, asin kultura kan mga tattoo nin Kalinga na buhay asin midbid kan mga hoben na henerasyon asin mga tawo sa luwas kan kulturang Pilipino. An praktis kan mga tattoo sa Kalinga haros nawara na asin an ideya dai na malinaw, "An tradisyon kan Batok nagbago sa modernong panahon sa nakaaging mga milenyo." An titulo ni Whang-od bilang "Huring Kalinga Tattoo Artist" <ref>{{Cite web|last=Dumaraos|first=Gelyka|date=July 31, 2017|title=Meet Apo Whang-Od, the Last Kalinga Tattoo Artist in the Philippines|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/meet-apo-whang-od-the-last-hand-poke-tattoo-artist-in-the-philippines/|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217072558/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/meet-apo-whang-od-the-last-hand-poke-tattoo-artist-in-the-philippines|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=February 17, 2024|website=Culture Trip}}</ref> dai mahahaloy magigin bakong eksakto. Sinasabi na si Whang-od nagtutukdo ngonyan sa 20 hoben na daragita, kaiba an saiyang mga makoapo kan arte nin ''mambabatok'' tanganing an tradisyon asin kaaraman dai magadan kaiba niya asin tanganing an saiyang legasiya madara sa paagi kan saiyang mga estudyante asin mga makoapo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Billing|first=Lynzy|date=May 9, 2018|title=A 101-Year-Old Tattoo Artist is Teaching Girls to Ink for Independence|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/fang-od-oggay-kalinga-tattoo-philippines|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220627231354/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/fang-od-oggay-kalinga-tattoo-philippines|archive-date=June 27, 2022|access-date=February 17, 2024|website=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2025)">nuarin?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sa beynteng hoben na estudyante na saiyang pigtutukdoan, si Grace Palicas asin Ilyang Wigan sana an pigkokonsiderar na saiyang tunay na mga aprentis; nin huli sa tradisyon, an pag-aprentis sa batok dapat sanang ipasa asin itukdo sa mga kadugo. An "pirma" na tattoo ni Whang-od igwa nin tolong tuldok, na nagrerepresentar kan saiyang sadiri asin kan saiyang mga aprentis na may relasyon sa dugo asin nagrerepresentar kan masunod na henerasyon sa saiyang arte. <ref name="thegoodtrip.ph2">{{Cite web|url=https://thegoodtrip.ph/posts/whang-od|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113175308/https://thegoodtrip.ph/posts/whang-od|archive-date=January 13, 2021|title=Whang-Od is Not the Last Mambabatok &#124; the Good Trip}}</ref> An mga tattoo na ini nin Kalinga, sa ibong kan mga simbolo na nangyayari sa naturalesa na may darang simpleng mga heometrikong disenyo, dai nagdadara kan parehong kahulugan na igwa sinda kan sinda nakua sa paagi nin kultura nin pakikipaglaban. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/from-brooklyn-to-buscalan-a-journey-to-whang-od|title=From Brooklyn to Buscalan: A Journey to Whang Od|date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> === Centenary === Susog sa manlaen-laen na pinagkukuanan, si Whang-od namundag kan Pebrero 17, 1917, asin siya nag-100 anyos kan 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|last=Garcia|first=Grace|date=May 4, 2017|title=Centenarians increasing worldwide; benefits await those born in PH {{!}} INQUIRER.net|url=http://usa.inquirer.net/3389/centenarians-increasing-worldwide-benefits-await-born-ph|url-status=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217072853/https://usa.inquirer.net/3389/centenarians-increasing-worldwide-benefits-await-born-ph|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 23, 2017|website=usa.inquirer.net|language=en}}</ref> na naggigibo saiya na kwalipikado na mag-ako nin mga benepisyo hale sa gobyerno kan Pilipinas susog sa Centenarians Act of 2016 o Republic Act 10868. Alagad, nagduda an gobyerno asin nagkapirang grupo sa saiyang paghihingako nin huli ta mayo siyang iprinesentar na anuman na balidong dokumento na nagpapatunay kan saiyang petsa nin pagkamundag. Mayo nin mga rekording kan petsa nin pagkamundag sa kadakol na mga lugar sa hinterland kan Pilipinas, arog kan Buscalan, kan panahon na sinasabing namundag si Whang-od, huli ta dai kayang mag-agi sa lugar kan panahon na idto, an mga rekording kan mga petsa nin pagkamundag sa papel bakong parte kan kultura kan komunidad kan panahon na idto, asin an mga nakaaging tensyon etniko na nagin dahelan kan mga giyera kan mga tribu. <ref name=":92">{{Cite news|last1=Rey|first1=Aika|last2=Serafica|first2=Raisa|date=October 22, 2017|title=VIRAL: Was Whang Od exploited at Manila FAME?|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/viral-tattoo-artist-whang-od-manila-fame|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217073102/https://www.rappler.com/moveph/186028-viral-tattoo-artist-whang-od-manila-fame/|archive-date=February 17, 2024|access-date=October 23, 2017|work=Rappler|language=en}}</ref> Kan Hunyo 2017, nakaresibe siya nin sarong Philippine postal ID na pormal na nagmidbid kan saiyang petsa nin pagkamundag bilang Pebrero 17, 1917, na nagin kwalipikado saiya para sa mga benepisyo sa irarom kan Centenarians Act. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2017/06/16/whang-od-receives-postal-id-547919|title=Whang-od receives postal ID|last=Fabian|first=Larry|date=June 16, 2017|work=[[Sun.Star]]|access-date=October 23, 2017|language=en|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023175209/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2017/06/16/whang-od-receives-postal-id-547919|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pagkamidbid == [[File:20240214-PBBMEnrileWhangOd-ph1.jpg|thumb|Si Whang-od kaiba si Presidente [[Bongbong Marcos]] asin kapwa sentenaryan na si [[Juan Ponce Enrile]] kan Pebrero 2024]] Huli sa estado ni Whang-od bilang an huring ''mambabatok'' kan saiyang henerasyon, <ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/630424/netizens-say-manila-fame-trade-show-exploiting-tattoo-artist-apo-whang-od/story/|title=Netizens say Manila FAME trade show exploited tattoo artist Apo Whang-Od|last=Bondoc|first=Marlly Rome|language=en-US}}</ref> an saiyang papel sa pagdara nin kaaraman sa sarong porma nin tradisyonal na pag-tattoo asin pagsasanay sa nagkapirang parapraktis, kadakol na mga netizen an nag-lobby saiya na magin saro sa mga [[Artista Nasyunal kan Filipinas|National Artists of the Philippines]] . an kampanya nin hashtag (#WangOdNationalArtist) nagpoon kan Setyembre 2015 asin an hashtag ipinaabot sa social media nin mga 11 ribong beses pakalihis nin haros sarong bulan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/726963/campaign-to-declare-whang-od-as-national-artist-hits-11k-mark|title=Campaign to declare Whang-Od as National Artist hits 11k mark}}</ref> An ibang mga netizens nagkakampanya para saiya na tawan siya kan National Living Treasures Award imbes. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/cordilleran-tattooer-whang-od-oggay-national-living-treasure|title='Cordilleran tattooer should get Nat'l Living Treasure, not Nat'l Artist Award'|last=Tupaz|first=Voltaire}}</ref> Kan 2015, si Senador kaidto na [[Miriam Santiago|si Miriam Defensor Santiago]] nag-agyat sa saiyang mga katrabaho sa [[Senado kan Filipinas|Senado kan Pilipinas]] sa paagi nin sarong resolusyon na si Whang-od dapat nominado bilang saro sa mga National Living Treasures (GAMABA o ''Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan'' sa [[Tataramon na Filipino|Tagalog]] ), na kapantay an ranggo kan mga National Artists. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/miram-santiago-wang-od-oggay-ligaya-amilbangsa-national-living-treasure|title=Miriam: Wang-od Oggay and Ligaya Amilbangsa, national living treasures|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/539301/lifestyle/artandculture/miriam-urges-colleagues-to-nominate-wang-od-amilbangsa-as-national-living-treasures|title=Miriam urges colleagues to nominate Wang-Od, Amilbangsa as 'National Living Treasures'|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> Si Senador [[Nancy Binay]] sa paagi kan sarong resolusyon kan senado kan Hunyo 2016 nagsugo sa senado kan Pilipinas na nominaron si Whang-od bilang National Living Treasure. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=17&q=SRN-2|title=NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD|last=Binay|first=Maria Lourdes S.|authorlink=Nancy Binay|date=June 30, 2017|website=[[Senate of the Philippines]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809173346/https://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=17&q=SRN-2|access-date=October 18, 2017|archive-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Siring man, an saiyang nominasyon bilang National Artist o National Living Treasure suportado ni Senador asin embahador kan United Nations [[Loren Legarda|na si Loren Legarda]] sa paagi nin separadong resolusyon kan Senado. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2015/1005_legarda1.asp|title=Press Release - Legarda Pays Tribute To Kalinga's Oldest Traditional Tattoo Artist|date=October 5, 2015|website=www.senate.gov.ph|access-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> Nagpahayag man nin suporta si dating pamayo [[Nasyunal na Komisyon para sa Kultura asin kan Arte|kan National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines]] (NCCA) na si Felipe de Leon Jr. sa nominasyon ni Whang-od asin nagrason na an papel kan sarong ''mambabatok'' iyo an magin parola nin pag-iribahan asin suporta kan komunidad. Idinagdag man niya na tinatabangan niya an saiyang komunidad sa paagi nin pag-tattoo nin mga turista asin siya naggigibo nin tradisyonal na porma nin arte kan Kalinga bilang paagi nin pamumuhay asin kun kaya dapat na magin kwalipikado para sa parehong National Living Treasure Award asin National Artists Award. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/dayaw-season-2-episode-5/|title=Dayaw Season 2: Our Knowledge, Our Pride|work=National Commission for Culture and the Arts|accessdate=March 25, 2025|archivedate=April 20, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420145909/http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/dayaw-season-2-episode-5/}}</ref> An Pilipinong antropologo asin propesor [[Unibersidad kan Filipinas, Baguio|kan Unibersidad kan Pilipinas Baguio na]] si Analyn Salvado-Amores nagsabi na dawa mayo siyang pagtumang sa nominasyon ni Whang-od sa GAMABA, tibaad dai siya ma-confer huli ta siya nagkukua sa pag-tattoo asin saro sa mga kahagadan para sa sarong premyong GAMABA iyo an magpraktis kan craft na dai man naggaganansya gikan digdi. Alagad, kun an pinalataw na isyu makakaolang sa saiyang deklarasyon bilang National Living Treasure, pwede pa man giraray siyang nominado para sa National Artist Award, na kapareho an ranggo sa National Living Treasure Award. Si Whang-od pormal na nominado sa National Living Treasures Award sa ika-66 na Manila Fame event kan Oktubre 21, 2017. <ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/manila-fame-issues-statement-on-apo-whang-od-exploitation-issue/|title=Manila FAME issues statement on Apo Whang-Od 'exploitation' issue|date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> <ref name=":16">{{Cite news|last=Rey|first=Aika|title=Whang Od not 'exploited,' says Manila FAME organizers|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/whang-od-exploited-manila-fame-dti-citem}}</ref> An nominasyon inako kan NCCA sa paagi nin sarong seremonya sa laog kan aktibidad. Pig-finalize na kan NCCA an mga dokumento para ma-confer si Whang-od asin mapirmahan ini kan [[Presidente kan Filipinas|Presidente kan Pilipinas]] . Kun itao na, si Whang-od makakakua nin bulawan na medalyon, sarong bulanan na allowance na Php 14,000 asin sarong starting grant na Php 100,000. Kan Pebrero 28, 2018, an Senado kan Pilipinas sararong nagpasar nin sarong resolusyon na nagsusuporta asin nagnonominar ki Whang-od para sa GAMABA. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/644975/whang-od-nominated-for-gawad-manlilikha-ng-bayan/story/|title=Whang-Od nominated for Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan|last=Legaspi|first=Amita|date=February 28, 2018}}</ref> Kan Hunyo 12, 2018, an [[Nasyunal na Komisyon para sa Kultura asin kan Arte|National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] nag-anunsyo na an prestihiyosong ''Dangal ng Haraya Award'' itatao ki Whang-od sa Hunyo 25 sa [[Tabuk|Tabuk, Kalinga]], an kabisera kan ginikanan na probinsya ni Whang-od. Padagos pa an huring yugto kan GAMABA (National Living Treasures Award) Committee. Kan Pebrero 14, 2024, si Whang-od nag-ako kan Presidential Medal of Merit gikan ki Presidente [[Bongbong Marcos]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=de Leon|first=Dwight|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/marcos-jr-awards-presidential-medal-merit-apo-whang-od/|title=Filipino tattoo artist Whang-Od awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit}}</ref> Kan Mayo 1, 2024, [[Michelle Dee|si Michelle Dee]] nagpatattoo kan saiyang takyag ni Whang-od na may tolong tuldok na pirma. Dangan mapag-aling-aling niyang "kinoronahan" si Whang-od bilang [[Pagarayonan|"reyna nin kagayunan]] ", mantang an huri nagpirma kan tattoo-inspired na halawig na itom na gown sketch ni Dee na inspirasyon ni Whang-od. Tinawan man siya ni Dee nin jersey na may nakasurat na “Filipinas 2023” sa enotan, asin “MMD” sa likod. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Roque|first=Nika|title=Michelle Dee 'crowns' Apo Whang Od|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/905689/michelle-dee-crowns-apo-whang-od/story/}}</ref> == Mga Pangyayari == Yaon si Whang-od atol kan Dutdutan Tattoo Expo 2012 na ginibo sa Pilipinas kun sain igwa siyang sadiring booth. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dutdutan.com.ph/2012/events2012_Attending%20Artist.htm|title=Tribal Gear/Dutdutan - Tattoo Festival|website=dutdutan.com.ph|access-date=June 9, 2017}}</ref> An imahe ni Whang-od kabali sa sarong eksibit sa Royal Ontario Museum sa Canada. An eksibit may titulong ''Tattoos: Ritual.'' ''Midbidan.'' ''Pagkagusto nin marhay.'' ''Arte'' asin ini enot na ipinahiling kan Abril 2, 2016. An mga eksibit pinili an retrato gikan sa nagkapirang retrato gikan sa saro pang eksibit sa Musee Du Quai Branly sa [[Paris]] . Dai ninda aram an manungod ki Whang-od sagkod na may bisita na nagsabi sainda. <ref name="exhibit">{{Cite news|title=Kalinga tattoo artist's work draws raves in Toronto museum|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/138622/138622|last=De la Cruz|first=Jhong}}</ref> Kan Oktubre 2017, si Whang-od kaiba si Palicas asin Wigan, an saiyang mga aprentis asin apoon, nagduman sa Metro Manila tanganing ipahiling an saindang pagkagibo sa ika-66 na Manila Fame trade show. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://coconuts.co/manila/lifestyle/traditional-filipino-tattoo-artist-apo-whang-od-manila/|title=Traditional Filipino tattoo artist Apo Whang Od is in Manila {{!}} Coconuts Manila}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2445076&CategoryId=13003|title=Centenarian Tattoo Artist Draws Thousands of Young Fans in the Philippines|website=www.laht.com|publisher=[[Latin American Herald Tribune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023173726/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2445076&CategoryId=13003|access-date=October 23, 2017|archive-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> An mga organisador kan Manila Fame pigtuyaw makalihis na magluwas an sarong retrato na nag-viral sa social media. <ref name=":9">{{Cite news|title=VIRAL: Was Whang Od exploited at Manila FAME?|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/viral-tattoo-artist-whang-od-manila-fame}}</ref> == Mga tampok sa telebisyon == An Amerikanong antropologo na si Lars Krutak nagbisita sa Kalinga kan 2007 asin pigdokumento an mga gibo ni Whang-od sa tattoo. An episode kan 10-parte na serye ni Krutak ''na Tattoo Hunter'' na itinampok sa Discovery Channel iyo an nagin kapinunan kan pagpresentar kan kultura kan Kalinga asin Whang-od sa sarong pankinaban na mga paradalan. Kan 2010, siya itinampok man sa ''i-Witness'', sarong dokumentaryong programa sa telebisyon kan [[GMA Network]], na pigdokumento ni [[Kara David]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/publicaffairs/iwitness/196315/ang-huling-mambabatok-documentary-by-kara-david/story/|title='Ang Huling Mambabatok' (Documentary by Kara David)|language=English, Tagalog}}</ref> Kan 2017, si Whang-od itinampok sa ''Dayaw'' series kan NCCA asin ABS-CBN News Channel, kun saen an saiyang mga kontribusyon sa nasyonal na identidad asin pamana kan nasyon iprinesentar kan dating Pamayo kan NCCA na si Felipe De Leon Jr. asin Senador [[Loren Legarda]] . <ref name=":1"/> An saiyang istorya nin buhay itinampok sa ''Wagas'', sarong serye nin drama kan GMA News TV kan 2017, kun saen [[Janine Gutierrez|si Janine Gutierrez]] an nagladawan ki Whang-od. == Soboot Pag-aprobetsar kan Nas Daily == Kan 2021, an personalidad sa social media na si Nuseir Yassin, na mas midbid bilang [[Nas Daily]], nagmukna nin sarong kurso na nagtatampok ki Whang-od sa saiyang plataporma na [[Nas Daily|Nas Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-06 |title=NCIP to review validity of Nas Daily 'contract' with Whang-Od |url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/national-commission-indigenous-peoples-review-validity-nas-daily-contract-whang-od/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Alegasyon kan pamangkin ni Whang-od na si Grace Palicas na mayo nin magkakanigong pagtugot si Yassin na gamiton an kaagid ni Whang-od. Nagsimbag sa isyu si Yassin alagad dai ini nag-ako nin pag-uyon sa publiko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Dana |date=2021-08-09 |title=Nas Daily speaks up on Whang-Od issue: 'Our intentions are pure' |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/417925/nas-daily-speaks-up-on-whang-od-issue-our-intentions-are-pure |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> Ipangpundo an kurso sa kahurihurihi. == Hilingon man == * Mga tattoo sa Pilipinas * [[Mga Bisaya|Mga tattoo nin Visaya]] * [[Kalinga|Kalinga (probinsya)]] * [[Macliing Dulag|Macli-ing Dulag]] == Mga Toltolan == {{reflist|2}} {{Saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4aw84qp2jmbdegv9q6kl4lgvaonolbh 0 24981 311882 290093 2026-10-27T00:22:33Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311882 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 290px;" | {| style="background: white; white-space: nowrap;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" | colspan="2" |[[Ladawan:Orion constellation - Prodromus astronomiae 1690 (5590584).jpg|286x286px]] |- |[[Ladawan:Orion_IAU.svg|195x195px]] [[Ladawan:OrionCC.jpg|182x182px]] |} |- | * Ibabaw: Baroque na pagkurit sa konstelasyong Orion gikan sa katalogong ''Celestial'' ni Johannes Hevelius, na nagpapahiling nin mga bitoon sa nag-ooberbar na minatanaw nin pababa sa mga imahenaryong selestyal na ispera hale sa luwas * Irarom: Kontemporaryong mapa kan Orion hale sa International Astronomical Union (IAU) sagkod an ladawan kan kalangitan sa banggi kaiba an mga naikurit na linya |} An '''konstelasyon''' ([[Ingles]]: ''constellation'') iyo sarong lugar sa isperang selestyal kun sain an sarong grupo nin mga nahihiling na [[bitoon]] iyo minaporma nin natatanaw na garu linya o paterno, tipikal na minarepresenta sa sarong hayop, mitolohikal na tawo o nabubuhay, o dae nabubuhay na bagay.<ref name="oxforddic">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/constellation|title=Definition of constellation|work=Oxford English Dictionary|access-date=2 August 2016|archive-date=21 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621055202/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/constellation|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An ginikanan kan mga suanoy na konstelasyon iyo mabalik sa prehistorya. An mga tawo iyo ginamit sinda para ipag-istorya an saindang pagtubod, eksperyensya, kagibuhan, o mitolohiya. Manlainlain na kultura asin pagtubod an nagkaigwa nin sadiri nindang mga konstelasyon, an iba iyo naghaloy hasta sa amay na ika-20 na siglo bago an mga presenteng konstelasyon na internasyunal na pigbibisto. An pagbisto sa mga konstelasyon iyo signipikong naliwat sa pagdalagan nin panahon. An iba nalain an sukol o hugis. An iba nagin popular, sagkod dagos nalingawan. An iba man iyo nalimitahan sa sarong kultura o nasyun. An 48 na tradisyunal na Solnopang konstelasyon iyo mga Griyego. Sinda iyo naitampok sa mga kagibohan ni Aratus na ''Phenomena'' asin ''Almagest'' ni Ptolemy, alagad an saindang ginikanan iyo mas haloy nin pirang mga siglo. An mga konstelasyon sa harayong sur na kalangitan iyo naidugang puon ika-15 na siglo hasta sa katahawan nin ika-18 na siglo kan an mga Europeanong eksplorador nagpuon magbiyahe sa Sur na Hemispera. Doseng mga suanoy na konstelasyon an yaon sa [[sodyak]] (minaagi sa ekliptiko, kun sain nagsasarabatan an [[Saldang]], [[Bulan (astronomiya)|Bulan]], asin mga [[planeta]]). An ginikanan kan zodiac iyo historikal na dae pa nasisiguro; an mga astrolohikal na dibisyon niya nagin prominente c. 400 BC sa astronomiyang Babilonyano o Kaldeyano.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Britton|first=John P.|date=2010|title=Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|volume=64|issue=6|pages=617–63|jstor=41134332|doi=10.1007/S00407-010-0064-Z|s2cid=122004678|quote=[T]he zodiac was introduced between −408 and −397 and probably within a very few years of −400.}}</ref> Kan 1922, an International Astronomical Union (IAU) pormal na pig-ako an modernong lista kan 88 na konstelasyon, sagkod kan 1928 pig-ako an puro kan mga opisyal na konstelasyon na iyo sa kabilugan pigtatakluban an entirong isperang selestyal.<ref name="IAU1928">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3XvAAAAMAAJ|title=Délimitation scientifique des constellations|last=Delporte|first=Eugène|publisher=International Astronomical Union|year=1930}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Star Tales: The final 88|first=Ian|last=Ridpath|year=2018|url=http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/startales1d.htm#delporte}}</ref> An maski anong punto sa selestyal na koordinatong sistema iyo yaon sa saro sa mga modernong konstelasyon. An ibang astronomikal na sistemang pagngaran iyo kabali an konstelasyon kun sain an sarong selestyal na bagay iyo nahiling na pigtatao an saiyang aproksimadong lokasyon sa kalangitan. An designasyong Flamsteed kan sarong bitoon, bilang halimbawa, iyo pigbibilog nin nagkapira asin henitibong porma kan ngarang konstelasyon. An ibang paterno o grupo kan bitoon na inaapod na asterismo iyo bakong konstelasyon sa irarom kan pormal na depinisyon, pero iyo nagagamit man kan mga nag-ooberba sa pagtanaw sa kalangitan kapag banggi. An mga asterismo pwedeng pirang mga bitoon sa laog nin sarong konstelasyon, o nakikisumaro nin mga bitoon sa dakulon pang konstelasyon. An mga halimbawa kan asterismo iyo an [[Pleiades]] asin an Hyades sa laog kan konstelasyong Taurus asin an False Cross na nababanga sa tahaw kan mga sur na konstelasyong Carina asin Vela, o Venus' Mirror sa konstelasyong Orion.<ref name="DOCdb2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.docdb.net/show_object.php?id=saucepan|title=DOCdb Deep Sky Observer's Companion – the online database|access-date=21 September 2018|archive-date=21 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921114809/http://www.docdb.net/show_object.php?id=saucepan|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SoftBisque2018">{{cite web|title=A Complete List of Asterisms|url=https://www.bisque.com/tom/asterisms/list.asp|url-status=dead|access-date=21 September 2018|archive-date=29 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929040705/http://www.bisque.com/tom/asterisms/list.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Hilingon man == * [[Bitoon]] * [[Sistemang Solar]] * [[Uniberso]] * [[Konstelasyon|Lubang]] * [[Makakadanlag]] * [[Muro-puro]] * [[Paglong]] * [[Pugot]] == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Astronomiya]] 0cs5ctrzqddo1q2r7hkjqvhasp1rber 0 39271 311884 269767 2026-10-27T01:40:54Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311884 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Souvenir Seller - Moscow - Russia cropped.JPG|thumb|right|262px|Sarong paratinda nin souvenir na garo langkag na marhay mantang naghahalat nin kostumer]] Sa pan-aroaldaw na paggamit, an '''pagkalangkag''' iyo an sarong emosyonal asin paminsanminsan sikolohikong kamugtakan na naeeksperyensiahan kun an sarong indibidwal mayo nin ano man na partikular na gigibohon, bakong interesado sa saindang palibot, o nagsasaboot na an aldaw o panahon marumarom o nakauuyam. Nasasabotan man ini kan mga iskolar bilang modernong pangyayari na igwang dimensyon sa kultura. " Mayo nin inaakong unibersal na pakahulogan sa pagkalangkag. Alagad magin ano man iyan, an mga parasiyasat nangangatanosan, iyan bako sanang ibang ngaran para sa depresyon o pagkaindiperente. Garo sarong espisipikong kamugtakan sa isip na an mga tawo nakakanompong nin dai nakaoogmang kamugtakan na nagtatao sainda nin pagmawot na makaginhawa, na may dakol na gawe - gawe, medikal asin sosyal na epekto."<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-boredom-is-anything-but-boring/|title=Why Boredom Is Anything but Boring|first=Maggie|last=Koerth-Baker|journal=Nature|year=2016|volume=529|issue=7585|pages=146–148|doi=10.1038/529146a|pmid=26762441|bibcode=2016Natur.529..146K|access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref> Segun sa BBC News, an pagkalangkag ... pwedeng magin peligroso asin maribok na kamugtakan nin isip na nakakaraot sa saindong salud"; Pero an pagsiyasat ... "nagsusuherir na kun mayong pagkalangkag dai ta kayang makamit an satuyang mga gibong malinalang." Sa ''Experience Without Qualities: Boredom and Modernity'', pigsusog ni Elizabeth Goodstein an modernong diskurso dapit sa pagpapabisto sa paagi nin literaryo, pilosopiko, asin sosyohikal na mga teksto tanganing makua na bilang "sarong dai mapagdududahan na teknika na pangyayari... an pagigin tunay tulos an obheto asin tema, emosyon asin intelekwalisasyon - bako sanang simbag sa modernong kinaban, kundi saro man na historikal na estratehiya para sa pag-atubang sa mga diskonsiyon kaini."<ref>Goodstein, Elizabeth S. 2005. Experience Without Qualities: Boredom and Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3.</ref> Sa duwang ideyang ini, an pagkalangkag kaipuhan na gibohon sa pundamental an eksperyensia sa panahon na arog baga kan pakaeksperyensia nin pagluya nin panahon asin mga problema sa kahulogan.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=When Time Flies: State and Trait Boredom, Time Perception, and Hedonic Task Appraisals|date=2021-04-30|url=https://psyct.swu.bg/index.php/psyct/article/view/559}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} bhb3q9bi2bi5ct0m29ifeo7ji2rfp04 0 39818 311893 268138 2026-10-27T03:07:08Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anatomy | Name = Suso | Latin = mamma (mammalis ''kan suso'')<ref> {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammal |title=mammal |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |access-date=31 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114204020/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammal |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Image = Weibliche brust en.jpg | Caption = Morpolohiya kan suso nin babaying tawo kaiba an [[areola]], [[utong]], asin [[inframammary fold]] | Width = | Image2 = File:Chest young male yellow.jpg | Caption2 = Suso kan lalaking tawo na igwang depenidong [[pectoral muscles]] | Precursor = | System = | Artery = [[internal thoracic artery]] | Vein = [[internal thoracic vein]] | Nerve = | Lymph = }} An '''suso''' o '''dudo''' saro sa duwang prominenteng lugar na yaon sa itaas kan ventral nin sarong torso nin primate. An mga babae asin lalaki pareho nagkakaigwa nin suso hale sa iyo man sanang embriyolohikal na mga tisyu. Sa mga babae, iyan nagseserbing mammary gland, na nagbubunga asin nagluluwas nin gatas tanganing pakakanon an mga umboy. An subcutaneous na taba nakatatahob sa sarong grupo nin mga network nin ducts, asin an mga tisyung ini nagtatao kan sukol asin korte kaiyan. Sa mga poro kan duktang mga lobula, o mga cluster nin alveoli, na kun saen an gatas pinoprodusir asin isinasaray bilang simbag sa mga senyal na hormonal. Durante nin pagbabados, an suso minasimbag sa komplikadong interaksyon nin hormones, kaiba an mga estrogen, progesterone, asin prolactin, na nakatabang sa kan pagdevelop kaiyan, an mga ngaran, iyo an lobuloalveolar maruration, bilang pag - andam nin laktasyon asin pagpasuso. An mga tawo sana an hayop na igwang permanenteng suso. Sa pagka-tinedyer, an estrogens, kadungan nin hormones sa pagtubo, nagigin dahelan nin permanenteng pagtalubo nin suso sa mga babaeng tawo. Nangyayari sana ini sa mas dikit na sokol sa ibang primadong pagtalubo sa suso sa kadaklan nangyayari sana sa pagbabados. Kaiba kan saindang mayor na trabaho sa pagtao nin nutrisyon para sa mga omboy, an mga susong babae igwa nin sosyal asin sekswal na mga karakteristiko. May mga pangyayari na itinampok sa suanoy asin modernong iskultura, arte, asin retrato. Pwede sindang magin prominente sa pagsabot sa hawak asin sekswal na kagayonan nin sarong babae. An nagkapirang kultura ikinokonektar an suso sa sekswalidad asin may tendensiang ibilang an suso sa publiko na bakong mabini o bakong disente. An mga suso, nangorog na an mga [[utong]], sarong erogenous (magirok) na sona. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} iylhty9folrcukudmiv0o45rmutus0u 0 41362 311870 245638 2026-10-26T13:42:15Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Amid | status = LR/lc | status_system = iucn2.3 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2006|assessors=Mustelid Specialist Group|year=1996|id=41693|title=Paradoxurus hermaphroditus|downloaded=12 Mayo 2006}}</ref> | image = Paradox hermaph 060924 ltn.jpg | image_width = 200px | taxon = Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1777) }} An '''amid'''<ref>amid. Adrados, Jerry Escoto. Daratangan Na Olay. Common Language of the Bikolnon. Other Option Promotions. Tabaco City. 2012. p. 17. [[ISBN 978-971-95468-0-1]]</ref> ([[Ingles]]: ''Asian palm civet''; sc. ''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'') sarong klaseng hayop na kaagid sa [[ikos]] asin an espesyeng ini kabali sa pamilya Vivirridae. Ini natural sa habagatan asin sa [[sur-subangan na Asya]] asin lakop na gayo ini na huna dai mapupuho, alagad sa [[Indonesya]] namimiligro ini mapuho huli sa ilegal na pagdakop, sa pagnenegosyo kaini orog na ta ini an pigkukuanan kan inaapod na ''kopi luwak''. == Hitsura asin pagtatandaan == [[File:Himalay Palm Civet.jpg|thumb|Sa haraning retrato kan amid]] [[File:Paradoxureskull.png|thumb|Ilustrasyon kan bungo' asin pangingipon, ni [[Paul Gervais|Gervais]] sa {{Lang|fr|Histoire naturelle des mammifères}}]] An matilaba asin burugso na hawak kan amid patos sa magaspang, asin haralambong buhok na parati abohon an kolor. Ini igwang kolor puting buhok sa banda kan angog, sadit na puting patse sa ibaba kan lambang mata, may puting tuldok sa lambang gilid kan susunghan, asin pinong itom na linya sa pag'ultan nin mata. An ungos, talinga, ibabang kalamias asin kabanga kan ikog, anas itom. An kalabaqan kaini poon payo abot lubot mga {{convert|53|cm|in|abbr=on}} na an ikog may labang {{convert|48|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Ini nagtitimbang {{convert|2|to|5|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}. An pamarong kaini sa lubot asin sekresyon mabata' asin nakakasumo' na iyo ini an depensa niya kun natatakot o nariribaraw.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Lēkhakun, B. |author2=McNeely, J. A. |year=1977 |title=Mammals of Thailand |publisher=Association for the Conservation of Wildlife |location=Bangkok}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya: Mga hayop nabubuhay wa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga hayop lakop sa Sur-subangan na Asya]] em90idcts9wdft7bjtq7fxrsacg2bmt 311871 311870 2026-10-26T13:43:10Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Amid | status = LR/lc | status_system = iucn2.3 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2006|assessors=Mustelid Specialist Group|year=1996|id=41693|title=Paradoxurus hermaphroditus|downloaded=12 Mayo 2006}}</ref> | image = Paradox hermaph 060924 ltn.jpg | image_width = 200px | taxon = Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1777) }} An '''amid'''<ref>amid. Adrados, Jerry Escoto. Daratangan Na Olay. Common Language of the Bikolnon. Other Option Promotions. Tabaco City. 2012. p. 17. [[ISBN 978-971-95468-0-1]]</ref> ([[Ingles]]: ''Asian palm civet''; sc. ''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'') sarong klaseng hayop na kaagid sa [[ikos]] asin an espesyeng ini kabali sa pamilya Vivirridae. Ini natural sa habagatan asin sa [[habagatan-subangan na Asya]] asin lakop na gayo ini na huna dai mapupuho, alagad sa [[Indonesya]] namimiligro ini mapuho huli sa ilegal na pagdakop, sa pagnenegosyo kaini orog na ta ini an pigkukuanan kan inaapod na ''kopi luwak''. == Hitsura asin pagtatandaan == [[File:Himalay Palm Civet.jpg|thumb|Sa haraning retrato kan amid]] [[File:Paradoxureskull.png|thumb|Ilustrasyon kan bungo' asin pangingipon, ni [[Paul Gervais|Gervais]] sa {{Lang|fr|Histoire naturelle des mammifères}}]] An matilaba asin burugso na hawak kan amid patos sa magaspang, asin haralambong buhok na parati abohon an kolor. Ini igwang kolor puting buhok sa banda kan angog, sadit na puting patse sa ibaba kan lambang mata, may puting tuldok sa lambang gilid kan susunghan, asin pinong itom na linya sa pag'ultan nin mata. An ungos, talinga, ibabang kalamias asin kabanga kan ikog, anas itom. An kalabaqan kaini poon payo abot lubot mga {{convert|53|cm|in|abbr=on}} na an ikog may labang {{convert|48|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Ini nagtitimbang {{convert|2|to|5|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}. An pamarong kaini sa lubot asin sekresyon mabata' asin nakakasumo' na iyo ini an depensa niya kun natatakot o nariribaraw.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Lēkhakun, B. |author2=McNeely, J. A. |year=1977 |title=Mammals of Thailand |publisher=Association for the Conservation of Wildlife |location=Bangkok}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya: Mga hayop nabubuhay wa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga hayop lakop sa Sur-subangan na Asya]] 8tgknyb4b2t4wpvnqj7her770kwwc3s 0 44435 311889 308491 2026-10-27T02:37:58Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Snøhetta AS | logo = File:Snohetta logo.svg | logo_size = 100px | type = [[Aksjeselskap]] | industry = {{Unbulleted list|[[Architecture]], [[Branding agency|Branding]], [[Graphic Design]], [[Interior architecture]], [[Landscape Architecture]], [[Product Design]]}} | foundation = 1989 | founders = Kjetil Trædal Thorsen, Craig Edward Dykers | hq_location_city = [[Oslo]] | hq_location_country = [[Norway]] | locations = Oslo, New York, Paris, Hong Kong, Adelaide, Innsbruck, and San Francisco<ref name=about>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://snohetta.com/about |website=snohetta.com |accessdate=29 February 2020}}</ref> | homepage = [http://www.snohetta.com www.snohetta.com] }} An '''Snøhetta''' ({{IPA-no|ˈsnø̀ːˌhɛtːɑ}}) sarong Norwegong kompanya arkitektural na namumugtak sa [[Oslo]], [[Norway]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-27 |title=10 Unusual Libraries From Around the World |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/most-unusual-libraries |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Ginikanan== An kompanya nabilog kan 1987 ni Norwegong si Kjetil Thorsen, kairiba sarong grupo nin mga arktekto. Pigngaranan ninda ining Snøhetta sa pagkua sa pangaran kan sarong bukid na [[Snøhetta|iyo an pinahalangkaw]] sa [[Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park|Dovrefjell National Park]].<ref name="new yorker 2013">{{cite magazine |last1=Owen |first1=David |title=The Psychology of Space |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/01/21/the-psychology-of-space |accessdate=January 28, 2023 |magazine=The New Yorker |date=January 14, 2013 |language=en}}</ref> Kan 1989 sinda nakipagsaro sa pwersa sa taga-Nweba York na arkitektong si Craig Dykers, ngani makalaog sa kompetisyon sa pagdesenyo kan kasalida nin [[Library of Alexandria]] (an nangganang desenyo para sa [[Bibliotheca Alexandrina]] dai pa nahahaman kaidto hanggan 2001).<ref name="new yorker 2013" /> ==Mga Gawad== An Snøhetta nagawadan kan World Architecture Award para sa [[Bibliotheca Alexandrina]] asin sa [[Oslo Opera House]], asin man kan [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture#Ninth (2002-2004)|Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] para sa Bibliotheca Alexandrina.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture 2004|journal=Architecture & Urbanism Magazine|volume=Autumn/Winter 2005|issue=78/79|url=http://www.caroun.com/Architecture/AgaKhan/z4-AgaKhan-2004.html}}</ref> Poon kan ini mahaman kan 2008, an Oslo Opera House natawan man premyo na [[Mies van der Rohe Award]],<ref>{{cite web|title=European Union Prize - Jury Proceedings|url=http://miesarch.com/portal/site/miesarch/menuitem.fcfcea8d21c1955d605f88f4387409a0/?vgnextoid=2b926b301262b410VgnVCM1000001947900aRCRD|accessdate=16 October 2015}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> an EDRA (Environmental Design Research Association) Great Places Award, an [[European Prize for Urban Public Space]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hannema|first1=Kirsten|title=European Prize for Urban Public Space|journal=A10|date=2010-05-01|url=http://www.a10.eu/news/headlines/european_prize_for_urban_public_space.html|access-date=16 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307031658/http://www.a10.eu/news/headlines/european_prize_for_urban_public_space.html|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all|archivedate=7 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307031658/http://www.a10.eu/news/headlines/european_prize_for_urban_public_space.html}}</ref> Kan 2010, paagi sa pangengenot nin [[Kjetil Trædal Thorsen]], an Snøhetta na trabaho sa pagbaragay sa kapalibotan napremyohan kan [[Global Award for Sustainable Architecture]], magkasi sa punto de bista panginternasyonal, para sa darakula kaining mga proyekto, asin sa lebel na lokal man.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Contal|first1=Marie-Hélène|title=Sustainable design II, Towards a new ethics for architecture and the city|last2=Revedin|first2=Jana|publisher=Actes Sud|date=October 2011|isbn=978-2-330-00085-1|location=Paris}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Award for Sustainable Architecture|url=http://www.citedelarchitecture.fr/en/article/global-award-sustainable-architecture|access-date=2020-06-08|website=Cité de l'architecture & du patrimoine|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117200321/https://www.citedelarchitecture.fr/en/article/global-award-sustainable-architecture|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Mga mauunabihan na mga obra== <gallery mode="packed" heights="100px"> File:Hunt Library Exterior 2.JPG|James B. Hunt Jr. Library, North Carolina File:Lillehammer kunstmuseum.jpg|[[Lillehammer Art Museum]] File:Full Opera by night.jpg|[[Oslo Opera House]] </gallery> * [[Toronto Metropolitan University]] Student Learning Centre in [[Toronto]] (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archdaily.com/771491/ryerson-university-student-learning-centre-zeidler-partnership-architects-plus-snohetta |title=Ryerson University Student Learning Centre / Zeidler Partnership Architects + Snøhetta |work=Arch Daily |date=2015-08-10 |accessdate=2017-04-01 |quote=Designed by the architectural team of Zeidler and Snøhetta, the Ryerson Student Learning Centre provides the university’s students with an outstanding environment to study, collaborate, and discover. }}</ref> * Expansion of the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]] (2016)<ref>{{cite news|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|title=Snøhetta to design SFMOMA's vast new wing|author=John King|date=2010-07-21|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/07/21/BA401EHV9I.DTL&tsp=1#ixzz0uNtdYn3H|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723184215/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F07%2F21%2FBA401EHV9I.DTL&tsp=1#ixzz0uNtdYn3H|archive-date=2010-07-23|accessdate=2023-08-25|archivedate=2010-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723184215/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F07%2F21%2FBA401EHV9I.DTL&tsp=1#ixzz0uNtdYn3H}}</ref> * [[Lascaux#Lascaux IV|Lascaux IV International Centre for Cave Art]] in [[Montignac, Dordogne|Montignac, France]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lascaux.fr/en|title=Lascaux IV International Centre for Cave Art|website=official website|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://snohetta.com/projects/322-lascaux-iv-the-international-centre-for-cave-art|title=Lascaux IV: The International Centre for Cave Art|website=snohetta.com/projects|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> * Redesign and renovation of [[Times Square]], New York (2017)<ref name="new yorker 2013" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Snøhetta's Times Square |url=https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/20/snohetta_times_square.html |accessdate=January 28, 2023 |work=[[Domus (magazine)|Domus]] |date=April 20, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Calgary Central Library]], [[Calgary|Alberta, Canada]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.archdaily.com/551086/snohetta-unveils-final-design-for-calgary-s-new-central-library|title=Snøhetta Unveils Final Design for Calgary's New Central Library|last=Rosenfield|first=Karissa|date=2014-09-24|work=ArchDaily|access-date=2018-07-30|language=en}}</ref> * [[Under (restaurant)|Under]], underwater restaurant in [[Lindesnes]], [[Norway]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/snohetta-underwater-restaurant/index.html|title=Europe's first underwater restaurant|date=2017-10-23|work=CNN|access-date=2018-04-11|language=en}}</ref> *Wolfe Center for the Arts at [[Bowling Green State University]] in Ohio<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2012/03/post_6.html|title=Snohetta's Wolfe Center for the Arts gives Bowling Green State University a new point of pride|website=Blog.cleveland.com|date=11 March 2012 |accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref> *Westchester Square Library in [[The Bronx]], [[New York City]] (due to open 2025)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2022/12/snohetta-reveals-a-tree-inspired-design-for-the-new-westchester-square-library-in-new-yorks-greenest-borough/ |title=Snøhetta reveals a tree-inspired design for the new Westchester Square Library in New York's "greenest" borough |last=Klein |first=Kristine |date=2022-12-19 |work=The Architects Newspaper |access-date=2023-01-03 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/this-super-cool-futuristic-library-is-opening-in-the-bronx-by-2025-010323 |title=This super cool, futuristic library is opening in the Bronx by 2025 |last=Rahmanan |first=Anna |date=2023-01-03 |work=Time Out |place=New York |access-date=2023-01-27 |language=en}}</ref> ==Babasahon pa== * {{Cite book|title=Snøhetta Works|publisher=Lars Müller Publishers|isbn=978-3-03778-147-0|year=2009}} * {{Cite book|title=Conditions: Snøhetta : Architecture, Interior, Landscape|url=https://archive.org/details/conditionssnhett0000mull|publisher=Lars Müller Publishers|isbn=978-3-03778-118-0|year=2007}} * ''Snøhetta: Hus som vil meg hysa'', Kjartan Fløgstad, 2004. {{ISBN|978-8-25216-108-3}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title = SNØHETTA Hus som vil meg hysa|url = https://archive.org/details/hussomvilmeghysa0000flgs|last = Fløgstad|first = Kjartan|publisher = Samlaget|year = 2004|isbn = 9788252161083|location = Oslo, Norway}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commons category}} *[https://snohetta.com/ Snøhetta] Official website {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Snohetta (Kompanya)}} [[Kategorya:Mga Kompanyang nakabase sa Oslo]] [[Kategorya:Mga Kompanyang sa Pagdesenyo natugdas kan 1989]] [[Kategorya:Mga Kompanya arkitektural sa Norway]] [[Kategorya:Mga Industryal na kompanyaI sa Pagdesenyo]] [[Kategorya:Mga Kompanyang Norwego natugdas kan 1989]] {{Company-stub}} ihiygzltvcojtffwztv64nnh020z14l 0 45354 311897 262703 2026-10-27T03:19:42Z CarlessParking 29749 311897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Dairy Crest Semi Skimmed Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|modernong bote nin gatas kan Britania na sadiri ni Dairy Crest British Dairy Creta]] '''Mga supot na gatas gibo sa salming''' na ginagamit para sa gatas. mga lalagan nin gatas na may laog - ibong na basong bote pankagabsan, sinda maremedyohan asin makababalik sa harong na gibo sa bagong gatas nin mga paragibo nin gatas. ga gatas na matapos kan mga parokyano an gatas, linalaoman na hinoron asin iwalat sa pinto para sa pangongolekta, o tibaad ibalik an mayong laog na bote tanganing magkaigwa nin sarong regular na tindahan. mga sokol sa gapo nagkakalaenlaen depende sa rehion, alagad an komun na kadakulaan kaiba an saradit na kolor kaiyan, litro o litre. tasay nin quart litre bago pa sana, an plastik na mga bote ginagamit nin gatas sa parate. ga boteng plastik mga ini parati gibo sa halangkaw na paderya polyethylene (HDPE) na tuyong para sana sa sarong gamit asin madaling maremedyohan. na Palaen sa polyethylene<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> inagamit man an iba pang plastik na mga paragibo nin gatas. ga lalagan na plastik [[Ladawan:Glass Milk Bottles.tif|thumb|Pint asin kabangang litro na pwedeng iuli an mga bote nin baso]] == '''Kasaysayan''' == === Istados Unidos === lumataw an mga supot na gatas, paninigoan nin mga paragibo nin gatas an mga hurado kan parokyano. ga gatas sa dakol na parasingil, an mga bote nin gatas igwa nin dai naheheling na kualidad na panahon. pinaka'andar na bote nin gatas igdi pwedeng i-is o pyro-glaze (pinapati) sa mga pangaran nin dae ninda kahaluyan, na ginagamit para sa paghahatod nin gatas sa harong tanganing an mga supot na gatas makakua liwat kan saindang kanya-kanyang dai. malinaw kun kasuarin enot na ginamit an mga supot nin gatas. poon 1860 abot 1890, nagkaigwang magkapirang eksperimental na "jar" na dai pa naka-asba alagad nagagamit sa pagdara nin gatas. tapayan nin gatas kan Tutill Milk Company/Tlutl's Dairy of Unionville sarong halimbawa kaining mga amay na dulay na nagtatampok nin dagang ngabil asin base barita an tanda kan opon na ginagamit sa pagpanday kaini. pang amay na mga tapayan nin gatas sa panahon na ini kabali an Mackworth "Pure Jersey Cream" crockery jame, kan Manorfield Stock Farm jar, the Manar, asin an Pennsylvania [clarification needed] mahiwas-hiwas na dulay. Paglilinaw na kaipuhan ] 1878, si George Henry Lester binansagan na enot na basong tapayan tuyong may gatas. tapayan na ini nagtampok nin sarong basong ligid na ginibo sa dulay kan sarong lansang metal. iyo man sanang taon na inimbento ni Lester an saiyang dulay nin gatas, tinawan nin kredito an negosyante sa Brooklyn na si Alex Campbell kan enot niang pagtinda nin gatas sa mga boteng de salming. mga boteng ini posibleng marhay na dai nakaaagid sa ordinaryong supot nin gatas.<gallery> Ladawan:Abbotts Glass Milk Bottles 1920s-1960s.jpg|ng iba-ibang Abbott Dairies, Philadelphia, PA gatas/crearmy botes (mga-1960) Ladawan:Glass milk bottle cardboard cap and opener.jpg|reusableng kabangang anit na bote nin gatas na tinatatakan nin disposibleng caping karton an nagbukas paagi sa pagbutong sa sarong bulwak na may nakaitaas na pambukas na kasangkapan </gallery>Lewis P. Whiteman iyo an nagkapot kan enot na patente sa sarong basong bote nin gatas na may sadit na salming na liban asin tingo.<ref>US patent number 225,900, granted March 23, 1880, filed on January 31, 1880</ref> sunod kaini, an sunod na pinakaenot na paon iyo an para sa bote nin gatas na may istilong dome na sind asin ini itinao kan Septyembre 23, 1884, sa tugang ni Whiteman, si Abram V. Putiman.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> mga tugang na Putiman naggigibo nin mga boteng gatas basado sa espesipikong mga instruksion na ini sa Warren Glass Company sa Cumberland, Maryland, asin ipinabakal sinda paagi sa saindang opisina sa pagpabakal nin New York. umberland, Maryland Orihinal na Nacher iyo an saro sa pinaka'makawiwiling bote nin gatas para sa mga kolektor. patente sa basong dome liban petsado Abril 27, 1886. nin nagkakapirang pagkakaiba kaining amay na botelya nin gatas asin dakol na reproduksyon. e kan peryodong ini nin panahon, dakol na klase nin bote an ginagamit sa pagkapot asin pagwaras nin gatas. digdi an sarong tipo nin pop bote na may patos, gamit kan Chicago Sterilized Millk Company, Sweet Clover, asin iba pa. inagamit man an mga tapayan na prutas, alagad idto sanang Cohansey Glass Manun kumbaga plant iyo an paggibo kaini nin daro-darang pangaran igdi. Commons Milk Bottle na an enot na tukawan sa kahawakan minukna bilang sarong ekonomikong paagi nin pagbebenta kan boteng gatas kan Thatcher Manucting Company kaidtong mga 1900. kadaklan na boteng gibo pakalihis kan panahon na ini igwa nin tukawan na panbihag. mga 1920, an basong bote nin gatas nagin nang ordinaryo sa UK pakatapos na luway - luway na maintrodusir poon US bago kan Guerra Mundial I.<ref name="BBCmilk">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga boteng patok bago kan 1930 bilog na porma nin likulo. 1935 an mga botelyang sawa-lipot pigbisto sa UK.<ref name="BBCmilk2">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga taon 1940, an boteng plasa nagin mas popular na istilo. ga boteng Rawitdawit poon pa kan mga taon 1930 guminamit na nin pyroglaze o ACL (Aplied Color Label) sa pagbisto kan mga botelya. kan 1930, an mga ngaran ilinalaog sa bote nin gatas na naggagamit nin delug. ngaran na iyan idinoon sa kahon nin golug, dangan isinalya ini sa hormahan na ginagamit tanganing gibohon an bote - an resulta iyo an nakasurat na ngaran sa supot. 1980 sarong bagong bote, pig'aapod na "dumpiy," pinabisto sa UK kun saen iyo pa man giraray an estandarte ngunyan.<ref name="BBCmilk2" /> kan Ikaduwang Guerra Mundial an salang paggamit o pag - ukit sa mga bote nin gatas ginibong ilegal sa United Kingdom. milyon na bote an ikinaligtas. Milk Vessels Recovery Limited natogdas kan 1920 asin nag'entra sa pagparahay kan mga alumahad botelya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diet for a large planet|last=Otter|first=Chris|date=2020|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-69710-9|location=USA|page=161}}</ref> kan 1960 padagos sa Estados Unidos, na may mga pagpakarhay sa pagpaktora asin paggibo nin sarayan nin materyales, an basong bote haros biyo nang sinalidahan nin magsalang LDPE napapatos nin papel na karton o recycable HDPA plateltic table (arog baga nin square gatasjug), depende sa brand. LDPE napapatos nin mga karton sa papel HDAKO square jugs mga lalagan na ini sa papel asin plastik mas magian, barato sagkod ligtas kapwa sa paggibo asin bapor sa mga parabakal.<ref>{{Cite web}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> 1975, 94% nin gatas sa UK yaon sa mga boteng salming, alagad kan 2012 an bilang na ini nababa sa 40%.<ref name="BBCmilk3">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga bagay sa tahaw nin nagkapirang Amerikano kun dapit sa kualidad asin pagigin ligtas kan inindustrialisadong gatas. lokal na industriya nin gatas na bakong bangkag sa emosyon nakaheling nin popular na pagresiklo giraray sa nagkapirang saodan sa US kan nakaaging dekada o labi pa. kaini, orog na nagigin ordinaryo na sana an paggamit kan mga bote nin baso sa lokal o rehiyonal, bakong kumon na pagdistribwir nin gatas. == '''tralohiya''' == * - Enot na ginibo kan Express Dairy Company an mga bote nin gatas kan Britania, ini pinaghatod paagi sa kabayo-drown carts. ga kartel na kabayo sa Britania enot na mga boteng de - lata ginamit an sarong porcerain stopper sa ibabaw na kapot nin alambre. cerlain Lewis Whiteman tinata'wan kabasta an basong bote nin gatas na may salming na liban. * - Dr. Thatcher an salming na lalagan nin gatas sa Nueva York. mga ini enot natatakan nin kahoy na pluma, na dai nagin mapanggana, asin dai nahaloy sinalidahan nin salming na mga parapundo.<ref name="Potsdam Public Museum">{{Cite web}}</ref> * - Pigmukna ni Anthony Hailwood an proseso nin pagseuri sa gatas tanganing makahaman nin mga sterilidong gatas, na ligtas na ikasasaray para sa mas halawig na panahon. Anthony Hailwood nang - eaduris * - An mga Kaiwal nagpoon na lumataw sa bote nin gatas. ga Kasakitan inagamit an sarong pamamaagi nin pagbaybay tanganing i-ukit iyan sa baso. * s - Nagdakol na prebalasyon nin mga lunadan na de koryenteng panleriya mantang an gatas naglalatawot na bagasyon sa elektrisidad nagdalataw sa gatas<ref name="national_transport_mueseum_of_ireland">{{Cite web}}</ref> * mga-1950s - Paperboard top ibinilang na bakong malinig asin prohibido sa nagkapirang lugar. perboard pa igdi an pagbilya kan mga karapatan nin kabayo. karuwaheng kabayo <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">citation needed] [nangangaipo nin toltolan na kinakaipuhan ⁇ .</sup> * ga enot na-1990 - An anunsio sa kadaklan nawara paagi sa introduksion nin mga iskuar na boteng de rueda na dinisenyo tanganing helingon an kalinigan. == Presenting aldaw == nagkapirang lugar sa bilog na kinaban, an laen - laen na de kolor na alitoktok nin mga bote nin gatas nagpaparisa kan taba. daing-ontok parati berde an pagkahunat. man an ibang apod sa kolor puwedeng gamiton nin nagkapirang dairies. mga Bottles pwede man matandaan, selyohon o i-mbyerno sa pangaran kan darodara. United Kingdom, an aluminium foil tops sa mga bote nin gatas na salming parateng ginagamit: An Kahadean kan Naciones Unidas<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |Colour !Meaning |- | style="background:gold;" | |Gold |[[Channel Island milk]]<ref name="Allison, 1978">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> |- | style="background:silver;" | |Silver |Whole milk ([[Homogenization (chemistry)|unhomogenized]])<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00;" | |Red |Homogenized whole milk<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00; color:silver;" | |Red & Silver stripe |Semi-skimmed milk<ref name="auto">{{Cite web}}</ref> |- | style="background:darkBlue; color:silver;" | |Dark Blue & Silver stripe |[[Skimmed milk]]<ref name="auto" /> |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | |Orange |1% Fat milk{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} |} historiya, pigproseso man an ibang kolor arog kan Pink para sa Ulta-High Temerature (UT) na estilo nin gatas.<ref name="Allison, 19782">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> an Blue ginagamit sa termino na gayo, 'kapinerodo'.<ref name="Allison, 19782" /> modernong mga dairiya puede man na gumamit nin maremedyong plastik na bote, saka kan plastikong basiyong ibabaw. pagkupsit kan kolor para sa mga patopot na plastik pwedeng ibahon sa tikong bote nin gatas. United Kingdom, an plastik na mga alitoktok nin gatas sa plasma parateng ginagamit: Nagkakasararong Kahadean {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |ur ![nangangaipo nin toltolan] Nota sa Ibaba] |- | style="background:gold;" | | |sa Isla nin Channel |- | style="background:#00f;" | |e |amotenisadong bilog na gatas |- | style="background: #228B22;" | | |utol na gatas an Semi-ski |- | style="background:#f00;" | | |inawan nin gatas |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | | |% gatas na Daing Agom |} United Kingdom, an gatas na ipinapabakal sa pinto nag - abot bilang mga platta kan imperyo. ng mga gilid kan Kahadean , an steriled gatas na pinapabakal sa pinto tipikong minaabot sa 500 ml basong botelya, na bakong 'mapagbabago' asin may mga de kolor na pigbibiklad an mga lidsible na kaarog kan mga kodigo nin papel na normal na nahihiling sa plastik na mga bote. Milk na pigtitinda sa mga makaresibong lalagan, arog kan basong bote, dai kaipohan i-ontigan sa metantrikong yunit.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Milk na pigtitinda sa mga pre-pamain na parata'bon na bakong respetentibo dapat ipirmeng yaon sa mga yunit nin merkado. mga supermarket, an bugtakan nin gatas na sadiri kan kadaklan nakukua sa sarong sipit o kadakol na saradit na kabtang nin pint, asin inaapod man na katumbas kaiyan. nagkapirang paratinda nin gatas sa mga bote nin salming makukua sa pirang rehion kan Naciones Unidas na may deposito sa supot. sa bote   sa mas hababang gatas, an gatas sa Hong Kong ipinapabakal kapwa sa salming asin plastik na mga bote siring man sa karton. mga bote nin gatas na salming ipinapabakal sa supermarket, tindahan para sa kagianan asin sa saradit na restawran. bote nin gatas kan salming may deposito na 1 Hong Kong dolyar. parateng makukua sa saodan nin salming an mga bote nin gatas na Kowloon Dairiya asin Trapista na si Dairy may iba-ibang korteng basong supot gatas na pareho nasa hiwas kan bote nin eskuelahan. Dairy Trappist Daird tagok nin Orange asin iba pang prutas pigtitinda man sa mga hatodan sa pinto sa parehong estilo kan bote na ginagamit para sa gatas. parate an mga ini may aluminium foil top de kolor code na ipinarisa sa madaling mawara nagkapirang nasyon (e.g. Estonia asin sa ibang probinsia nin Canada), uso na bumakal nin gatas sa bag nin mga gatas. na gatas sa Canada medyo hababa an bilang kan benta sa mga bag nin gatas sa United Kingdom, pigbebenta an semi-skim na gatas sa mga bote ni Dairy Cresst/Milk asin More, asin sa supermarky's openet ini makukua sa bilog na silingk, semi-Srimed-milk asin kilshing-musk. ng Kahadean An halimbawa na kaipuhan] Minsan gurano kadakulang pag - ako sana sa mas darakulang sanga. == '''Hilingon pa''' == * [[na Milk]] * [[gapo]] * [[hale nin mga bote]] * [[lalagan nin gatas sa Plastic]] * [[mas bukas an Promedyo]] fju3c3b1vst4zt21w8kgcqaeq80ghxa 311898 311897 2026-10-27T03:20:06Z CarlessParking 29749 311898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Dairy Crest Semi Skimmed Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|modernong bote nin gatas kan Britania na sadiri ni Dairy Crest British Dairy Creta]] '''Mga supot na gatas gibo sa salming''' na ginagamit para sa gatas. mga lalagan nin gatas na may laog - ibong na basong bote pankagabsan, sinda maremedyohan asin makababalik sa harong na gibo sa bagong gatas nin mga paragibo nin gatas. ga gatas na matapos kan mga parokyano an gatas, linalaoman na hinoron asin iwalat sa pinto para sa pangongolekta, o tibaad ibalik an mayong laog na bote tanganing magkaigwa nin sarong regular na tindahan. mga sokol sa gapo nagkakalaenlaen depende sa rehion, alagad an komun na kadakulaan kaiba an saradit na kolor kaiyan, litro o litre. tasay nin quart litre bago pa sana, an plastik na mga bote ginagamit nin gatas sa parate. ga boteng plastik mga ini parati gibo sa halangkaw na paderya polyethylene (HDPE) na tuyong para sana sa sarong gamit asin madaling maremedyohan. na Palaen sa polyethylene<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> inagamit man an iba pang plastik na mga paragibo nin gatas. ga lalagan na plastik [[Ladawan:Glass Milk Bottles.tif|thumb|Pint asin kabangang litro na pwedeng iuli an mga bote nin baso]] == '''Kasaysayan''' == === Istados Unidos === lumataw an mga supot na gatas, paninigoan nin mga paragibo nin gatas an mga hurado kan parokyano. ga gatas sa dakol na parasingil, an mga bote nin gatas igwa nin dai naheheling na kualidad na panahon. pinaka'andar na bote nin gatas igdi pwedeng i-is o pyro-glaze (pinapati) sa mga pangaran nin dae ninda kahaluyan, na ginagamit para sa paghahatod nin gatas sa harong tanganing an mga supot na gatas makakua liwat kan saindang kanya-kanyang dai. malinaw kun kasuarin enot na ginamit an mga supot nin gatas. poon 1860 abot 1890, nagkaigwang magkapirang eksperimental na "jar" na dai pa naka-asba alagad nagagamit sa pagdara nin gatas. tapayan nin gatas kan Tutill Milk Company/Tlutl's Dairy of Unionville sarong halimbawa kaining mga amay na dulay na nagtatampok nin dagang ngabil asin base barita an tanda kan opon na ginagamit sa pagpanday kaini. pang amay na mga tapayan nin gatas sa panahon na ini kabali an Mackworth "Pure Jersey Cream" crockery jame, kan Manorfield Stock Farm jar, the Manar, asin an Pennsylvania [clarification needed] mahiwas-hiwas na dulay. Paglilinaw na kaipuhan ] 1878, si George Henry Lester binansagan na enot na basong tapayan tuyong may gatas. tapayan na ini nagtampok nin sarong basong ligid na ginibo sa dulay kan sarong lansang metal. iyo man sanang taon na inimbento ni Lester an saiyang dulay nin gatas, tinawan nin kredito an negosyante sa Brooklyn na si Alex Campbell kan enot niang pagtinda nin gatas sa mga boteng de salming. mga boteng ini posibleng marhay na dai nakaaagid sa ordinaryong supot nin gatas.<gallery> Ladawan:Abbotts Glass Milk Bottles 1920s-1960s.jpg|ng iba-ibang Abbott Dairies, Philadelphia, PA gatas/crearmy botes (mga-1960) Ladawan:Glass milk bottle cardboard cap and opener.jpg|reusableng kabangang anit na bote nin gatas na tinatatakan nin disposibleng caping karton an nagbukas paagi sa pagbutong sa sarong bulwak na may nakaitaas na pambukas na kasangkapan </gallery>Lewis P. Whiteman iyo an nagkapot kan enot na patente sa sarong basong bote nin gatas na may sadit na salming na liban asin tingo.<ref>US patent number 225,900, granted March 23, 1880, filed on January 31, 1880</ref> sunod kaini, an sunod na pinakaenot na paon iyo an para sa bote nin gatas na may istilong dome na sind asin ini itinao kan Septyembre 23, 1884, sa tugang ni Whiteman, si Abram V. Putiman.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> mga tugang na Putiman naggigibo nin mga boteng gatas basado sa espesipikong mga instruksion na ini sa Warren Glass Company sa Cumberland, Maryland, asin ipinabakal sinda paagi sa saindang opisina sa pagpabakal nin New York. umberland, Maryland Orihinal na Nacher iyo an saro sa pinaka'makawiwiling bote nin gatas para sa mga kolektor. patente sa basong dome liban petsado Abril 27, 1886. nin nagkakapirang pagkakaiba kaining amay na botelya nin gatas asin dakol na reproduksyon. e kan peryodong ini nin panahon, dakol na klase nin bote an ginagamit sa pagkapot asin pagwaras nin gatas. digdi an sarong tipo nin pop bote na may patos, gamit kan Chicago Sterilized Millk Company, Sweet Clover, asin iba pa. inagamit man an mga tapayan na prutas, alagad idto sanang Cohansey Glass Manun kumbaga plant iyo an paggibo kaini nin daro-darang pangaran igdi. Commons Milk Bottle na an enot na tukawan sa kahawakan minukna bilang sarong ekonomikong paagi nin pagbebenta kan boteng gatas kan Thatcher Manucting Company kaidtong mga 1900. kadaklan na boteng gibo pakalihis kan panahon na ini igwa nin tukawan na panbihag. mga 1920, an basong bote nin gatas nagin nang ordinaryo sa UK pakatapos na luway - luway na maintrodusir poon US bago kan Guerra Mundial I.<ref name="BBCmilk">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga boteng patok bago kan 1930 bilog na porma nin likulo. 1935 an mga botelyang sawa-lipot pigbisto sa UK.<ref name="BBCmilk2">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga taon 1940, an boteng plasa nagin mas popular na istilo. ga boteng Rawitdawit poon pa kan mga taon 1930 guminamit na nin pyroglaze o ACL (Aplied Color Label) sa pagbisto kan mga botelya. kan 1930, an mga ngaran ilinalaog sa bote nin gatas na naggagamit nin delug. ngaran na iyan idinoon sa kahon nin golug, dangan isinalya ini sa hormahan na ginagamit tanganing gibohon an bote - an resulta iyo an nakasurat na ngaran sa supot. 1980 sarong bagong bote, pig'aapod na "dumpiy," pinabisto sa UK kun saen iyo pa man giraray an estandarte ngunyan.<ref name="BBCmilk2" /> kan Ikaduwang Guerra Mundial an salang paggamit o pag - ukit sa mga bote nin gatas ginibong ilegal sa United Kingdom. milyon na bote an ikinaligtas. Milk Vessels Recovery Limited natogdas kan 1920 asin nag'entra sa pagparahay kan mga alumahad botelya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diet for a large planet|last=Otter|first=Chris|date=2020|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-69710-9|location=USA|page=161}}</ref> kan 1960 padagos sa Estados Unidos, na may mga pagpakarhay sa pagpaktora asin paggibo nin sarayan nin materyales, an basong bote haros biyo nang sinalidahan nin magsalang LDPE napapatos nin papel na karton o recycable HDPA plateltic table (arog baga nin square gatasjug), depende sa brand. LDPE napapatos nin mga karton sa papel HDAKO square jugs mga lalagan na ini sa papel asin plastik mas magian, barato sagkod ligtas kapwa sa paggibo asin bapor sa mga parabakal.<ref>{{Cite web}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> 1975, 94% nin gatas sa UK yaon sa mga boteng salming, alagad kan 2012 an bilang na ini nababa sa 40%.<ref name="BBCmilk3">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga bagay sa tahaw nin nagkapirang Amerikano kun dapit sa kualidad asin pagigin ligtas kan inindustrialisadong gatas. lokal na industriya nin gatas na bakong bangkag sa emosyon nakaheling nin popular na pagresiklo giraray sa nagkapirang saodan sa US kan nakaaging dekada o labi pa. kaini, orog na nagigin ordinaryo na sana an paggamit kan mga bote nin baso sa lokal o rehiyonal, bakong kumon na pagdistribwir nin gatas. == Tralohiya == * - Enot na ginibo kan Express Dairy Company an mga bote nin gatas kan Britania, ini pinaghatod paagi sa kabayo-drown carts. ga kartel na kabayo sa Britania enot na mga boteng de - lata ginamit an sarong porcerain stopper sa ibabaw na kapot nin alambre. cerlain Lewis Whiteman tinata'wan kabasta an basong bote nin gatas na may salming na liban. * - Dr. Thatcher an salming na lalagan nin gatas sa Nueva York. mga ini enot natatakan nin kahoy na pluma, na dai nagin mapanggana, asin dai nahaloy sinalidahan nin salming na mga parapundo.<ref name="Potsdam Public Museum">{{Cite web}}</ref> * - Pigmukna ni Anthony Hailwood an proseso nin pagseuri sa gatas tanganing makahaman nin mga sterilidong gatas, na ligtas na ikasasaray para sa mas halawig na panahon. Anthony Hailwood nang - eaduris * - An mga Kaiwal nagpoon na lumataw sa bote nin gatas. ga Kasakitan inagamit an sarong pamamaagi nin pagbaybay tanganing i-ukit iyan sa baso. * s - Nagdakol na prebalasyon nin mga lunadan na de koryenteng panleriya mantang an gatas naglalatawot na bagasyon sa elektrisidad nagdalataw sa gatas<ref name="national_transport_mueseum_of_ireland">{{Cite web}}</ref> * mga-1950s - Paperboard top ibinilang na bakong malinig asin prohibido sa nagkapirang lugar. perboard pa igdi an pagbilya kan mga karapatan nin kabayo. karuwaheng kabayo <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">citation needed] [nangangaipo nin toltolan na kinakaipuhan ⁇ .</sup> * ga enot na-1990 - An anunsio sa kadaklan nawara paagi sa introduksion nin mga iskuar na boteng de rueda na dinisenyo tanganing helingon an kalinigan. == Presenting aldaw == nagkapirang lugar sa bilog na kinaban, an laen - laen na de kolor na alitoktok nin mga bote nin gatas nagpaparisa kan taba. daing-ontok parati berde an pagkahunat. man an ibang apod sa kolor puwedeng gamiton nin nagkapirang dairies. mga Bottles pwede man matandaan, selyohon o i-mbyerno sa pangaran kan darodara. United Kingdom, an aluminium foil tops sa mga bote nin gatas na salming parateng ginagamit: An Kahadean kan Naciones Unidas<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |Colour !Meaning |- | style="background:gold;" | |Gold |[[Channel Island milk]]<ref name="Allison, 1978">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> |- | style="background:silver;" | |Silver |Whole milk ([[Homogenization (chemistry)|unhomogenized]])<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00;" | |Red |Homogenized whole milk<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00; color:silver;" | |Red & Silver stripe |Semi-skimmed milk<ref name="auto">{{Cite web}}</ref> |- | style="background:darkBlue; color:silver;" | |Dark Blue & Silver stripe |[[Skimmed milk]]<ref name="auto" /> |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | |Orange |1% Fat milk{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} |} historiya, pigproseso man an ibang kolor arog kan Pink para sa Ulta-High Temerature (UT) na estilo nin gatas.<ref name="Allison, 19782">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> an Blue ginagamit sa termino na gayo, 'kapinerodo'.<ref name="Allison, 19782" /> modernong mga dairiya puede man na gumamit nin maremedyong plastik na bote, saka kan plastikong basiyong ibabaw. pagkupsit kan kolor para sa mga patopot na plastik pwedeng ibahon sa tikong bote nin gatas. United Kingdom, an plastik na mga alitoktok nin gatas sa plasma parateng ginagamit: Nagkakasararong Kahadean {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |ur ![nangangaipo nin toltolan] Nota sa Ibaba] |- | style="background:gold;" | | |sa Isla nin Channel |- | style="background:#00f;" | |e |amotenisadong bilog na gatas |- | style="background: #228B22;" | | |utol na gatas an Semi-ski |- | style="background:#f00;" | | |inawan nin gatas |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | | |% gatas na Daing Agom |} United Kingdom, an gatas na ipinapabakal sa pinto nag - abot bilang mga platta kan imperyo. ng mga gilid kan Kahadean , an steriled gatas na pinapabakal sa pinto tipikong minaabot sa 500 ml basong botelya, na bakong 'mapagbabago' asin may mga de kolor na pigbibiklad an mga lidsible na kaarog kan mga kodigo nin papel na normal na nahihiling sa plastik na mga bote. Milk na pigtitinda sa mga makaresibong lalagan, arog kan basong bote, dai kaipohan i-ontigan sa metantrikong yunit.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Milk na pigtitinda sa mga pre-pamain na parata'bon na bakong respetentibo dapat ipirmeng yaon sa mga yunit nin merkado. mga supermarket, an bugtakan nin gatas na sadiri kan kadaklan nakukua sa sarong sipit o kadakol na saradit na kabtang nin pint, asin inaapod man na katumbas kaiyan. nagkapirang paratinda nin gatas sa mga bote nin salming makukua sa pirang rehion kan Naciones Unidas na may deposito sa supot. sa bote   sa mas hababang gatas, an gatas sa Hong Kong ipinapabakal kapwa sa salming asin plastik na mga bote siring man sa karton. mga bote nin gatas na salming ipinapabakal sa supermarket, tindahan para sa kagianan asin sa saradit na restawran. bote nin gatas kan salming may deposito na 1 Hong Kong dolyar. parateng makukua sa saodan nin salming an mga bote nin gatas na Kowloon Dairiya asin Trapista na si Dairy may iba-ibang korteng basong supot gatas na pareho nasa hiwas kan bote nin eskuelahan. Dairy Trappist Daird tagok nin Orange asin iba pang prutas pigtitinda man sa mga hatodan sa pinto sa parehong estilo kan bote na ginagamit para sa gatas. parate an mga ini may aluminium foil top de kolor code na ipinarisa sa madaling mawara nagkapirang nasyon (e.g. Estonia asin sa ibang probinsia nin Canada), uso na bumakal nin gatas sa bag nin mga gatas. na gatas sa Canada medyo hababa an bilang kan benta sa mga bag nin gatas sa United Kingdom, pigbebenta an semi-skim na gatas sa mga bote ni Dairy Cresst/Milk asin More, asin sa supermarky's openet ini makukua sa bilog na silingk, semi-Srimed-milk asin kilshing-musk. ng Kahadean An halimbawa na kaipuhan] Minsan gurano kadakulang pag - ako sana sa mas darakulang sanga. == '''Hilingon pa''' == * [[na Milk]] * [[gapo]] * [[hale nin mga bote]] * [[lalagan nin gatas sa Plastic]] * [[mas bukas an Promedyo]] ntgojcjjniq6syfm6bk4wn6uawhpy7g 311899 311898 2026-10-27T03:20:27Z CarlessParking 29749 311899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Dairy Crest Semi Skimmed Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|modernong bote nin gatas kan Britania na sadiri ni Dairy Crest British Dairy Creta]] '''Mga supot na gatas gibo sa salming''' na ginagamit para sa gatas. mga lalagan nin gatas na may laog - ibong na basong bote pankagabsan, sinda maremedyohan asin makababalik sa harong na gibo sa bagong gatas nin mga paragibo nin gatas. ga gatas na matapos kan mga parokyano an gatas, linalaoman na hinoron asin iwalat sa pinto para sa pangongolekta, o tibaad ibalik an mayong laog na bote tanganing magkaigwa nin sarong regular na tindahan. mga sokol sa gapo nagkakalaenlaen depende sa rehion, alagad an komun na kadakulaan kaiba an saradit na kolor kaiyan, litro o litre. tasay nin quart litre bago pa sana, an plastik na mga bote ginagamit nin gatas sa parate. ga boteng plastik mga ini parati gibo sa halangkaw na paderya polyethylene (HDPE) na tuyong para sana sa sarong gamit asin madaling maremedyohan. na Palaen sa polyethylene<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> inagamit man an iba pang plastik na mga paragibo nin gatas. ga lalagan na plastik [[Ladawan:Glass Milk Bottles.tif|thumb|Pint asin kabangang litro na pwedeng iuli an mga bote nin baso]] == Kasaysayan == === Estados Unidos === lumataw an mga supot na gatas, paninigoan nin mga paragibo nin gatas an mga hurado kan parokyano. ga gatas sa dakol na parasingil, an mga bote nin gatas igwa nin dai naheheling na kualidad na panahon. pinaka'andar na bote nin gatas igdi pwedeng i-is o pyro-glaze (pinapati) sa mga pangaran nin dae ninda kahaluyan, na ginagamit para sa paghahatod nin gatas sa harong tanganing an mga supot na gatas makakua liwat kan saindang kanya-kanyang dai. malinaw kun kasuarin enot na ginamit an mga supot nin gatas. poon 1860 abot 1890, nagkaigwang magkapirang eksperimental na "jar" na dai pa naka-asba alagad nagagamit sa pagdara nin gatas. tapayan nin gatas kan Tutill Milk Company/Tlutl's Dairy of Unionville sarong halimbawa kaining mga amay na dulay na nagtatampok nin dagang ngabil asin base barita an tanda kan opon na ginagamit sa pagpanday kaini. pang amay na mga tapayan nin gatas sa panahon na ini kabali an Mackworth "Pure Jersey Cream" crockery jame, kan Manorfield Stock Farm jar, the Manar, asin an Pennsylvania [clarification needed] mahiwas-hiwas na dulay. Paglilinaw na kaipuhan ] 1878, si George Henry Lester binansagan na enot na basong tapayan tuyong may gatas. tapayan na ini nagtampok nin sarong basong ligid na ginibo sa dulay kan sarong lansang metal. iyo man sanang taon na inimbento ni Lester an saiyang dulay nin gatas, tinawan nin kredito an negosyante sa Brooklyn na si Alex Campbell kan enot niang pagtinda nin gatas sa mga boteng de salming. mga boteng ini posibleng marhay na dai nakaaagid sa ordinaryong supot nin gatas.<gallery> Ladawan:Abbotts Glass Milk Bottles 1920s-1960s.jpg|ng iba-ibang Abbott Dairies, Philadelphia, PA gatas/crearmy botes (mga-1960) Ladawan:Glass milk bottle cardboard cap and opener.jpg|reusableng kabangang anit na bote nin gatas na tinatatakan nin disposibleng caping karton an nagbukas paagi sa pagbutong sa sarong bulwak na may nakaitaas na pambukas na kasangkapan </gallery>Lewis P. Whiteman iyo an nagkapot kan enot na patente sa sarong basong bote nin gatas na may sadit na salming na liban asin tingo.<ref>US patent number 225,900, granted March 23, 1880, filed on January 31, 1880</ref> sunod kaini, an sunod na pinakaenot na paon iyo an para sa bote nin gatas na may istilong dome na sind asin ini itinao kan Septyembre 23, 1884, sa tugang ni Whiteman, si Abram V. Putiman.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> mga tugang na Putiman naggigibo nin mga boteng gatas basado sa espesipikong mga instruksion na ini sa Warren Glass Company sa Cumberland, Maryland, asin ipinabakal sinda paagi sa saindang opisina sa pagpabakal nin New York. umberland, Maryland Orihinal na Nacher iyo an saro sa pinaka'makawiwiling bote nin gatas para sa mga kolektor. patente sa basong dome liban petsado Abril 27, 1886. nin nagkakapirang pagkakaiba kaining amay na botelya nin gatas asin dakol na reproduksyon. e kan peryodong ini nin panahon, dakol na klase nin bote an ginagamit sa pagkapot asin pagwaras nin gatas. digdi an sarong tipo nin pop bote na may patos, gamit kan Chicago Sterilized Millk Company, Sweet Clover, asin iba pa. inagamit man an mga tapayan na prutas, alagad idto sanang Cohansey Glass Manun kumbaga plant iyo an paggibo kaini nin daro-darang pangaran igdi. Commons Milk Bottle na an enot na tukawan sa kahawakan minukna bilang sarong ekonomikong paagi nin pagbebenta kan boteng gatas kan Thatcher Manucting Company kaidtong mga 1900. kadaklan na boteng gibo pakalihis kan panahon na ini igwa nin tukawan na panbihag. mga 1920, an basong bote nin gatas nagin nang ordinaryo sa UK pakatapos na luway - luway na maintrodusir poon US bago kan Guerra Mundial I.<ref name="BBCmilk">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga boteng patok bago kan 1930 bilog na porma nin likulo. 1935 an mga botelyang sawa-lipot pigbisto sa UK.<ref name="BBCmilk2">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga taon 1940, an boteng plasa nagin mas popular na istilo. ga boteng Rawitdawit poon pa kan mga taon 1930 guminamit na nin pyroglaze o ACL (Aplied Color Label) sa pagbisto kan mga botelya. kan 1930, an mga ngaran ilinalaog sa bote nin gatas na naggagamit nin delug. ngaran na iyan idinoon sa kahon nin golug, dangan isinalya ini sa hormahan na ginagamit tanganing gibohon an bote - an resulta iyo an nakasurat na ngaran sa supot. 1980 sarong bagong bote, pig'aapod na "dumpiy," pinabisto sa UK kun saen iyo pa man giraray an estandarte ngunyan.<ref name="BBCmilk2" /> kan Ikaduwang Guerra Mundial an salang paggamit o pag - ukit sa mga bote nin gatas ginibong ilegal sa United Kingdom. milyon na bote an ikinaligtas. Milk Vessels Recovery Limited natogdas kan 1920 asin nag'entra sa pagparahay kan mga alumahad botelya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diet for a large planet|last=Otter|first=Chris|date=2020|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-69710-9|location=USA|page=161}}</ref> kan 1960 padagos sa Estados Unidos, na may mga pagpakarhay sa pagpaktora asin paggibo nin sarayan nin materyales, an basong bote haros biyo nang sinalidahan nin magsalang LDPE napapatos nin papel na karton o recycable HDPA plateltic table (arog baga nin square gatasjug), depende sa brand. LDPE napapatos nin mga karton sa papel HDAKO square jugs mga lalagan na ini sa papel asin plastik mas magian, barato sagkod ligtas kapwa sa paggibo asin bapor sa mga parabakal.<ref>{{Cite web}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> 1975, 94% nin gatas sa UK yaon sa mga boteng salming, alagad kan 2012 an bilang na ini nababa sa 40%.<ref name="BBCmilk3">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga bagay sa tahaw nin nagkapirang Amerikano kun dapit sa kualidad asin pagigin ligtas kan inindustrialisadong gatas. lokal na industriya nin gatas na bakong bangkag sa emosyon nakaheling nin popular na pagresiklo giraray sa nagkapirang saodan sa US kan nakaaging dekada o labi pa. kaini, orog na nagigin ordinaryo na sana an paggamit kan mga bote nin baso sa lokal o rehiyonal, bakong kumon na pagdistribwir nin gatas. == Tralohiya == * - Enot na ginibo kan Express Dairy Company an mga bote nin gatas kan Britania, ini pinaghatod paagi sa kabayo-drown carts. ga kartel na kabayo sa Britania enot na mga boteng de - lata ginamit an sarong porcerain stopper sa ibabaw na kapot nin alambre. cerlain Lewis Whiteman tinata'wan kabasta an basong bote nin gatas na may salming na liban. * - Dr. Thatcher an salming na lalagan nin gatas sa Nueva York. mga ini enot natatakan nin kahoy na pluma, na dai nagin mapanggana, asin dai nahaloy sinalidahan nin salming na mga parapundo.<ref name="Potsdam Public Museum">{{Cite web}}</ref> * - Pigmukna ni Anthony Hailwood an proseso nin pagseuri sa gatas tanganing makahaman nin mga sterilidong gatas, na ligtas na ikasasaray para sa mas halawig na panahon. Anthony Hailwood nang - eaduris * - An mga Kaiwal nagpoon na lumataw sa bote nin gatas. ga Kasakitan inagamit an sarong pamamaagi nin pagbaybay tanganing i-ukit iyan sa baso. * s - Nagdakol na prebalasyon nin mga lunadan na de koryenteng panleriya mantang an gatas naglalatawot na bagasyon sa elektrisidad nagdalataw sa gatas<ref name="national_transport_mueseum_of_ireland">{{Cite web}}</ref> * mga-1950s - Paperboard top ibinilang na bakong malinig asin prohibido sa nagkapirang lugar. perboard pa igdi an pagbilya kan mga karapatan nin kabayo. karuwaheng kabayo <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">citation needed] [nangangaipo nin toltolan na kinakaipuhan ⁇ .</sup> * ga enot na-1990 - An anunsio sa kadaklan nawara paagi sa introduksion nin mga iskuar na boteng de rueda na dinisenyo tanganing helingon an kalinigan. == Presenting aldaw == nagkapirang lugar sa bilog na kinaban, an laen - laen na de kolor na alitoktok nin mga bote nin gatas nagpaparisa kan taba. daing-ontok parati berde an pagkahunat. man an ibang apod sa kolor puwedeng gamiton nin nagkapirang dairies. mga Bottles pwede man matandaan, selyohon o i-mbyerno sa pangaran kan darodara. United Kingdom, an aluminium foil tops sa mga bote nin gatas na salming parateng ginagamit: An Kahadean kan Naciones Unidas<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |Colour !Meaning |- | style="background:gold;" | |Gold |[[Channel Island milk]]<ref name="Allison, 1978">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> |- | style="background:silver;" | |Silver |Whole milk ([[Homogenization (chemistry)|unhomogenized]])<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00;" | |Red |Homogenized whole milk<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00; color:silver;" | |Red & Silver stripe |Semi-skimmed milk<ref name="auto">{{Cite web}}</ref> |- | style="background:darkBlue; color:silver;" | |Dark Blue & Silver stripe |[[Skimmed milk]]<ref name="auto" /> |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | |Orange |1% Fat milk{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} |} historiya, pigproseso man an ibang kolor arog kan Pink para sa Ulta-High Temerature (UT) na estilo nin gatas.<ref name="Allison, 19782">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> an Blue ginagamit sa termino na gayo, 'kapinerodo'.<ref name="Allison, 19782" /> modernong mga dairiya puede man na gumamit nin maremedyong plastik na bote, saka kan plastikong basiyong ibabaw. pagkupsit kan kolor para sa mga patopot na plastik pwedeng ibahon sa tikong bote nin gatas. United Kingdom, an plastik na mga alitoktok nin gatas sa plasma parateng ginagamit: Nagkakasararong Kahadean {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |ur ![nangangaipo nin toltolan] Nota sa Ibaba] |- | style="background:gold;" | | |sa Isla nin Channel |- | style="background:#00f;" | |e |amotenisadong bilog na gatas |- | style="background: #228B22;" | | |utol na gatas an Semi-ski |- | style="background:#f00;" | | |inawan nin gatas |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | | |% gatas na Daing Agom |} United Kingdom, an gatas na ipinapabakal sa pinto nag - abot bilang mga platta kan imperyo. ng mga gilid kan Kahadean , an steriled gatas na pinapabakal sa pinto tipikong minaabot sa 500 ml basong botelya, na bakong 'mapagbabago' asin may mga de kolor na pigbibiklad an mga lidsible na kaarog kan mga kodigo nin papel na normal na nahihiling sa plastik na mga bote. Milk na pigtitinda sa mga makaresibong lalagan, arog kan basong bote, dai kaipohan i-ontigan sa metantrikong yunit.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Milk na pigtitinda sa mga pre-pamain na parata'bon na bakong respetentibo dapat ipirmeng yaon sa mga yunit nin merkado. mga supermarket, an bugtakan nin gatas na sadiri kan kadaklan nakukua sa sarong sipit o kadakol na saradit na kabtang nin pint, asin inaapod man na katumbas kaiyan. nagkapirang paratinda nin gatas sa mga bote nin salming makukua sa pirang rehion kan Naciones Unidas na may deposito sa supot. sa bote   sa mas hababang gatas, an gatas sa Hong Kong ipinapabakal kapwa sa salming asin plastik na mga bote siring man sa karton. mga bote nin gatas na salming ipinapabakal sa supermarket, tindahan para sa kagianan asin sa saradit na restawran. bote nin gatas kan salming may deposito na 1 Hong Kong dolyar. parateng makukua sa saodan nin salming an mga bote nin gatas na Kowloon Dairiya asin Trapista na si Dairy may iba-ibang korteng basong supot gatas na pareho nasa hiwas kan bote nin eskuelahan. Dairy Trappist Daird tagok nin Orange asin iba pang prutas pigtitinda man sa mga hatodan sa pinto sa parehong estilo kan bote na ginagamit para sa gatas. parate an mga ini may aluminium foil top de kolor code na ipinarisa sa madaling mawara nagkapirang nasyon (e.g. Estonia asin sa ibang probinsia nin Canada), uso na bumakal nin gatas sa bag nin mga gatas. na gatas sa Canada medyo hababa an bilang kan benta sa mga bag nin gatas sa United Kingdom, pigbebenta an semi-skim na gatas sa mga bote ni Dairy Cresst/Milk asin More, asin sa supermarky's openet ini makukua sa bilog na silingk, semi-Srimed-milk asin kilshing-musk. ng Kahadean An halimbawa na kaipuhan] Minsan gurano kadakulang pag - ako sana sa mas darakulang sanga. == '''Hilingon pa''' == * [[na Milk]] * [[gapo]] * [[hale nin mga bote]] * [[lalagan nin gatas sa Plastic]] * [[mas bukas an Promedyo]] s9gvl2cys5kjmgvte2cjk7r6ny2mlly 311901 311899 2026-10-27T03:21:56Z CarlessParking 29749 /* Estados Unidos */ 311901 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Dairy Crest Semi Skimmed Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|modernong bote nin gatas kan Britania na sadiri ni Dairy Crest British Dairy Creta]] '''Mga supot na gatas gibo sa salming''' na ginagamit para sa gatas. mga lalagan nin gatas na may laog - ibong na basong bote pankagabsan, sinda maremedyohan asin makababalik sa harong na gibo sa bagong gatas nin mga paragibo nin gatas. ga gatas na matapos kan mga parokyano an gatas, linalaoman na hinoron asin iwalat sa pinto para sa pangongolekta, o tibaad ibalik an mayong laog na bote tanganing magkaigwa nin sarong regular na tindahan. mga sokol sa gapo nagkakalaenlaen depende sa rehion, alagad an komun na kadakulaan kaiba an saradit na kolor kaiyan, litro o litre. tasay nin quart litre bago pa sana, an plastik na mga bote ginagamit nin gatas sa parate. ga boteng plastik mga ini parati gibo sa halangkaw na paderya polyethylene (HDPE) na tuyong para sana sa sarong gamit asin madaling maremedyohan. na Palaen sa polyethylene<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> inagamit man an iba pang plastik na mga paragibo nin gatas. ga lalagan na plastik [[Ladawan:Glass Milk Bottles.tif|thumb|Pint asin kabangang litro na pwedeng iuli an mga bote nin baso]] == Kasaysayan == === Estados Unidos === lumataw an mga supot na gatas, paninigoan nin mga paragibo nin gatas an mga hurado kan parokyano. ga gatas sa dakol na parasingil, an mga bote nin gatas igwa nin dai naheheling na kualidad na panahon. pinaka'andar na bote nin gatas igdi pwedeng i-is o pyro-glaze (pinapati) sa mga pangaran nin dae ninda kahaluyan, na ginagamit para sa paghahatod nin gatas sa harong tanganing an mga supot na gatas makakua liwat kan saindang kanya-kanyang dai. Malinaw kun kasuarin enot na ginamit an mga supot nin gatas. poon 1860 abot 1890, nagkaigwang magkapirang eksperimental na "jar" na dai pa naka-asba alagad nagagamit sa pagdara nin gatas. tapayan nin gatas kan Tutill Milk Company/Tlutl's Dairy of Unionville sarong halimbawa kaining mga amay na dulay na nagtatampok nin dagang ngabil asin base barita an tanda kan opon na ginagamit sa pagpanday kaini. pang amay na mga tapayan nin gatas sa panahon na ini kabali an Mackworth "Pure Jersey Cream" crockery jame, kan Manorfield Stock Farm jar, the Manar, asin an Pennsylvania [clarification needed] mahiwas-hiwas na dulay. Paglilinaw na kaipuhan ] 1878, si George Henry Lester binansagan na enot na basong tapayan tuyong may gatas. An tapayan na ini nagtampok nin sarong basong ligid na ginibo sa dulay kan sarong lansang metal. iyo man sanang taon na inimbento ni Lester an saiyang dulay nin gatas, tinawan nin kredito an negosyante sa Brooklyn na si Alex Campbell kan enot niang pagtinda nin gatas sa mga boteng de salming. An mga boteng ini posibleng marhay na dai nakaaagid sa ordinaryong supot nin gatas.<gallery> Ladawan:Abbotts Glass Milk Bottles 1920s-1960s.jpg|ng iba-ibang Abbott Dairies, Philadelphia, PA gatas/crearmy botes (mga-1960) Ladawan:Glass milk bottle cardboard cap and opener.jpg|reusableng kabangang anit na bote nin gatas na tinatatakan nin disposibleng caping karton an nagbukas paagi sa pagbutong sa sarong bulwak na may nakaitaas na pambukas na kasangkapan </gallery>Lewis P. Whiteman iyo an nagkapot kan enot na patente sa sarong basong bote nin gatas na may sadit na salming na liban asin tingo.<ref>US patent number 225,900, granted March 23, 1880, filed on January 31, 1880</ref> sunod kaini, an sunod na pinakaenot na paon iyo an para sa bote nin gatas na may istilong dome na sind asin ini itinao kan Septyembre 23, 1884, sa tugang ni Whiteman, si Abram V. Putiman.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> mga tugang na Putiman naggigibo nin mga boteng gatas basado sa espesipikong mga instruksion na ini sa Warren Glass Company sa Cumberland, Maryland, asin ipinabakal sinda paagi sa saindang opisina sa pagpabakal nin New York. umberland, Maryland Orihinal na Nacher iyo an saro sa pinaka'makawiwiling bote nin gatas para sa mga kolektor. patente sa basong dome liban petsado Abril 27, 1886. nin nagkakapirang pagkakaiba kaining amay na botelya nin gatas asin dakol na reproduksyon. e kan peryodong ini nin panahon, dakol na klase nin bote an ginagamit sa pagkapot asin pagwaras nin gatas. digdi an sarong tipo nin pop bote na may patos, gamit kan Chicago Sterilized Millk Company, Sweet Clover, asin iba pa. inagamit man an mga tapayan na prutas, alagad idto sanang Cohansey Glass Manun kumbaga plant iyo an paggibo kaini nin daro-darang pangaran igdi. Commons Milk Bottle na an enot na tukawan sa kahawakan minukna bilang sarong ekonomikong paagi nin pagbebenta kan boteng gatas kan Thatcher Manucting Company kaidtong mga 1900. kadaklan na boteng gibo pakalihis kan panahon na ini igwa nin tukawan na panbihag. mga 1920, an basong bote nin gatas nagin nang ordinaryo sa UK pakatapos na luway - luway na maintrodusir poon US bago kan Guerra Mundial I.<ref name="BBCmilk">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga boteng patok bago kan 1930 bilog na porma nin likulo. 1935 an mga botelyang sawa-lipot pigbisto sa UK.<ref name="BBCmilk2">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga taon 1940, an boteng plasa nagin mas popular na istilo. ga boteng Rawitdawit poon pa kan mga taon 1930 guminamit na nin pyroglaze o ACL (Aplied Color Label) sa pagbisto kan mga botelya. kan 1930, an mga ngaran ilinalaog sa bote nin gatas na naggagamit nin delug. ngaran na iyan idinoon sa kahon nin golug, dangan isinalya ini sa hormahan na ginagamit tanganing gibohon an bote - an resulta iyo an nakasurat na ngaran sa supot. 1980 sarong bagong bote, pig'aapod na "dumpiy," pinabisto sa UK kun saen iyo pa man giraray an estandarte ngunyan.<ref name="BBCmilk2" /> kan Ikaduwang Guerra Mundial an salang paggamit o pag - ukit sa mga bote nin gatas ginibong ilegal sa United Kingdom. milyon na bote an ikinaligtas. Milk Vessels Recovery Limited natogdas kan 1920 asin nag'entra sa pagparahay kan mga alumahad botelya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diet for a large planet|last=Otter|first=Chris|date=2020|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-69710-9|location=USA|page=161}}</ref> kan 1960 padagos sa Estados Unidos, na may mga pagpakarhay sa pagpaktora asin paggibo nin sarayan nin materyales, an basong bote haros biyo nang sinalidahan nin magsalang LDPE napapatos nin papel na karton o recycable HDPA plateltic table (arog baga nin square gatasjug), depende sa brand. LDPE napapatos nin mga karton sa papel HDAKO square jugs mga lalagan na ini sa papel asin plastik mas magian, barato sagkod ligtas kapwa sa paggibo asin bapor sa mga parabakal.<ref>{{Cite web}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> 1975, 94% nin gatas sa UK yaon sa mga boteng salming, alagad kan 2012 an bilang na ini nababa sa 40%.<ref name="BBCmilk3">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga bagay sa tahaw nin nagkapirang Amerikano kun dapit sa kualidad asin pagigin ligtas kan inindustrialisadong gatas. lokal na industriya nin gatas na bakong bangkag sa emosyon nakaheling nin popular na pagresiklo giraray sa nagkapirang saodan sa US kan nakaaging dekada o labi pa. kaini, orog na nagigin ordinaryo na sana an paggamit kan mga bote nin baso sa lokal o rehiyonal, bakong kumon na pagdistribwir nin gatas. == Tralohiya == * - Enot na ginibo kan Express Dairy Company an mga bote nin gatas kan Britania, ini pinaghatod paagi sa kabayo-drown carts. ga kartel na kabayo sa Britania enot na mga boteng de - lata ginamit an sarong porcerain stopper sa ibabaw na kapot nin alambre. cerlain Lewis Whiteman tinata'wan kabasta an basong bote nin gatas na may salming na liban. * - Dr. Thatcher an salming na lalagan nin gatas sa Nueva York. mga ini enot natatakan nin kahoy na pluma, na dai nagin mapanggana, asin dai nahaloy sinalidahan nin salming na mga parapundo.<ref name="Potsdam Public Museum">{{Cite web}}</ref> * - Pigmukna ni Anthony Hailwood an proseso nin pagseuri sa gatas tanganing makahaman nin mga sterilidong gatas, na ligtas na ikasasaray para sa mas halawig na panahon. Anthony Hailwood nang - eaduris * - An mga Kaiwal nagpoon na lumataw sa bote nin gatas. ga Kasakitan inagamit an sarong pamamaagi nin pagbaybay tanganing i-ukit iyan sa baso. * s - Nagdakol na prebalasyon nin mga lunadan na de koryenteng panleriya mantang an gatas naglalatawot na bagasyon sa elektrisidad nagdalataw sa gatas<ref name="national_transport_mueseum_of_ireland">{{Cite web}}</ref> * mga-1950s - Paperboard top ibinilang na bakong malinig asin prohibido sa nagkapirang lugar. perboard pa igdi an pagbilya kan mga karapatan nin kabayo. karuwaheng kabayo <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">citation needed] [nangangaipo nin toltolan na kinakaipuhan ⁇ .</sup> * ga enot na-1990 - An anunsio sa kadaklan nawara paagi sa introduksion nin mga iskuar na boteng de rueda na dinisenyo tanganing helingon an kalinigan. == Presenting aldaw == nagkapirang lugar sa bilog na kinaban, an laen - laen na de kolor na alitoktok nin mga bote nin gatas nagpaparisa kan taba. daing-ontok parati berde an pagkahunat. man an ibang apod sa kolor puwedeng gamiton nin nagkapirang dairies. mga Bottles pwede man matandaan, selyohon o i-mbyerno sa pangaran kan darodara. United Kingdom, an aluminium foil tops sa mga bote nin gatas na salming parateng ginagamit: An Kahadean kan Naciones Unidas<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |Colour !Meaning |- | style="background:gold;" | |Gold |[[Channel Island milk]]<ref name="Allison, 1978">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> |- | style="background:silver;" | |Silver |Whole milk ([[Homogenization (chemistry)|unhomogenized]])<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00;" | |Red |Homogenized whole milk<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00; color:silver;" | |Red & Silver stripe |Semi-skimmed milk<ref name="auto">{{Cite web}}</ref> |- | style="background:darkBlue; color:silver;" | |Dark Blue & Silver stripe |[[Skimmed milk]]<ref name="auto" /> |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | |Orange |1% Fat milk{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} |} historiya, pigproseso man an ibang kolor arog kan Pink para sa Ulta-High Temerature (UT) na estilo nin gatas.<ref name="Allison, 19782">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> an Blue ginagamit sa termino na gayo, 'kapinerodo'.<ref name="Allison, 19782" /> modernong mga dairiya puede man na gumamit nin maremedyong plastik na bote, saka kan plastikong basiyong ibabaw. pagkupsit kan kolor para sa mga patopot na plastik pwedeng ibahon sa tikong bote nin gatas. United Kingdom, an plastik na mga alitoktok nin gatas sa plasma parateng ginagamit: Nagkakasararong Kahadean {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |ur ![nangangaipo nin toltolan] Nota sa Ibaba] |- | style="background:gold;" | | |sa Isla nin Channel |- | style="background:#00f;" | |e |amotenisadong bilog na gatas |- | style="background: #228B22;" | | |utol na gatas an Semi-ski |- | style="background:#f00;" | | |inawan nin gatas |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | | |% gatas na Daing Agom |} United Kingdom, an gatas na ipinapabakal sa pinto nag - abot bilang mga platta kan imperyo. ng mga gilid kan Kahadean , an steriled gatas na pinapabakal sa pinto tipikong minaabot sa 500 ml basong botelya, na bakong 'mapagbabago' asin may mga de kolor na pigbibiklad an mga lidsible na kaarog kan mga kodigo nin papel na normal na nahihiling sa plastik na mga bote. Milk na pigtitinda sa mga makaresibong lalagan, arog kan basong bote, dai kaipohan i-ontigan sa metantrikong yunit.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Milk na pigtitinda sa mga pre-pamain na parata'bon na bakong respetentibo dapat ipirmeng yaon sa mga yunit nin merkado. mga supermarket, an bugtakan nin gatas na sadiri kan kadaklan nakukua sa sarong sipit o kadakol na saradit na kabtang nin pint, asin inaapod man na katumbas kaiyan. nagkapirang paratinda nin gatas sa mga bote nin salming makukua sa pirang rehion kan Naciones Unidas na may deposito sa supot. sa bote   sa mas hababang gatas, an gatas sa Hong Kong ipinapabakal kapwa sa salming asin plastik na mga bote siring man sa karton. mga bote nin gatas na salming ipinapabakal sa supermarket, tindahan para sa kagianan asin sa saradit na restawran. bote nin gatas kan salming may deposito na 1 Hong Kong dolyar. parateng makukua sa saodan nin salming an mga bote nin gatas na Kowloon Dairiya asin Trapista na si Dairy may iba-ibang korteng basong supot gatas na pareho nasa hiwas kan bote nin eskuelahan. Dairy Trappist Daird tagok nin Orange asin iba pang prutas pigtitinda man sa mga hatodan sa pinto sa parehong estilo kan bote na ginagamit para sa gatas. parate an mga ini may aluminium foil top de kolor code na ipinarisa sa madaling mawara nagkapirang nasyon (e.g. Estonia asin sa ibang probinsia nin Canada), uso na bumakal nin gatas sa bag nin mga gatas. na gatas sa Canada medyo hababa an bilang kan benta sa mga bag nin gatas sa United Kingdom, pigbebenta an semi-skim na gatas sa mga bote ni Dairy Cresst/Milk asin More, asin sa supermarky's openet ini makukua sa bilog na silingk, semi-Srimed-milk asin kilshing-musk. ng Kahadean An halimbawa na kaipuhan] Minsan gurano kadakulang pag - ako sana sa mas darakulang sanga. == '''Hilingon pa''' == * [[na Milk]] * [[gapo]] * [[hale nin mga bote]] * [[lalagan nin gatas sa Plastic]] * [[mas bukas an Promedyo]] l6cpfdn2k6mbi0tlbv2h4qgfs22e80g 311902 311901 2026-10-27T03:22:41Z CarlessParking 29749 311902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Dairy Crest Semi Skimmed Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|modernong bote nin gatas kan Britania na sadiri ni Dairy Crest British Dairy Creta]] '''Mga supot na gatas gibo sa salming''' na ginagamit para sa gatas. mga lalagan nin gatas na may laog - ibong na basong bote pankagabsan, sinda maremedyohan asin makababalik sa harong na gibo sa bagong gatas nin mga paragibo nin gatas. ga gatas na matapos kan mga parokyano an gatas, linalaoman na hinoron asin iwalat sa pinto para sa pangongolekta, o tibaad ibalik an mayong laog na bote tanganing magkaigwa nin sarong regular na tindahan. mga sokol sa gapo nagkakalaenlaen depende sa rehion, alagad an komun na kadakulaan kaiba an saradit na kolor kaiyan, litro o litre. tasay nin quart litre bago pa sana, an plastik na mga bote ginagamit nin gatas sa parate. ga boteng plastik mga ini parati gibo sa halangkaw na paderya polyethylene (HDPE) na tuyong para sana sa sarong gamit asin madaling maremedyohan. na Palaen sa polyethylene<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> inagamit man an iba pang plastik na mga paragibo nin gatas. ga lalagan na plastik [[Ladawan:Glass Milk Bottles.tif|thumb|Pint asin kabangang litro na pwedeng iuli an mga bote nin baso]] == Kasaysayan == === Estados Unidos === lumataw an mga supot na gatas, paninigoan nin mga paragibo nin gatas an mga hurado kan parokyano. ga gatas sa dakol na parasingil, an mga bote nin gatas igwa nin dai naheheling na kualidad na panahon. pinaka'andar na bote nin gatas igdi pwedeng i-is o pyro-glaze (pinapati) sa mga pangaran nin dae ninda kahaluyan, na ginagamit para sa paghahatod nin gatas sa harong tanganing an mga supot na gatas makakua liwat kan saindang kanya-kanyang dai. Malinaw kun kasuarin enot na ginamit an mga supot nin gatas. poon 1860 abot 1890, nagkaigwang magkapirang eksperimental na "jar" na dai pa naka-asba alagad nagagamit sa pagdara nin gatas. tapayan nin gatas kan Tutill Milk Company/Tlutl's Dairy of Unionville sarong halimbawa kaining mga amay na dulay na nagtatampok nin dagang ngabil asin base barita an tanda kan opon na ginagamit sa pagpanday kaini. pang amay na mga tapayan nin gatas sa panahon na ini kabali an Mackworth "Pure Jersey Cream" crockery jame, kan Manorfield Stock Farm jar, the Manar, asin an Pennsylvania [clarification needed] mahiwas-hiwas na dulay. Paglilinaw na kaipuhan ] 1878, si George Henry Lester binansagan na enot na basong tapayan tuyong may gatas. An tapayan na ini nagtampok nin sarong basong ligid na ginibo sa dulay kan sarong lansang metal. iyo man sanang taon na inimbento ni Lester an saiyang dulay nin gatas, tinawan nin kredito an negosyante sa Brooklyn na si Alex Campbell kan enot niang pagtinda nin gatas sa mga boteng de salming. An mga boteng ini posibleng marhay na dai nakaaagid sa ordinaryong supot nin gatas.<gallery> Ladawan:Abbotts Glass Milk Bottles 1920s-1960s.jpg|ng iba-ibang Abbott Dairies, Philadelphia, PA gatas/crearmy botes (mga-1960) Ladawan:Glass milk bottle cardboard cap and opener.jpg|reusableng kabangang anit na bote nin gatas na tinatatakan nin disposibleng caping karton an nagbukas paagi sa pagbutong sa sarong bulwak na may nakaitaas na pambukas na kasangkapan </gallery>Lewis P. Whiteman iyo an nagkapot kan enot na patente sa sarong basong bote nin gatas na may sadit na salming na liban asin tingo.<ref>US patent number 225,900, granted March 23, 1880, filed on January 31, 1880</ref> sunod kaini, an sunod na pinakaenot na paon iyo an para sa bote nin gatas na may istilong dome na sind asin ini itinao kan Septyembre 23, 1884, sa tugang ni Whiteman, si Abram V. Putiman.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> mga tugang na Putiman naggigibo nin mga boteng gatas basado sa espesipikong mga instruksion na ini sa Warren Glass Company sa Cumberland, Maryland, asin ipinabakal sinda paagi sa saindang opisina sa pagpabakal nin New York. umberland, Maryland Orihinal na Nacher iyo an saro sa pinaka'makawiwiling bote nin gatas para sa mga kolektor. patente sa basong dome liban petsado Abril 27, 1886. nin nagkakapirang pagkakaiba kaining amay na botelya nin gatas asin dakol na reproduksyon. e kan peryodong ini nin panahon, dakol na klase nin bote an ginagamit sa pagkapot asin pagwaras nin gatas. digdi an sarong tipo nin pop bote na may patos, gamit kan Chicago Sterilized Millk Company, Sweet Clover, asin iba pa. inagamit man an mga tapayan na prutas, alagad idto sanang Cohansey Glass Manun kumbaga plant iyo an paggibo kaini nin daro-darang pangaran igdi. Commons Milk Bottle na an enot na tukawan sa kahawakan minukna bilang sarong ekonomikong paagi nin pagbebenta kan boteng gatas kan Thatcher Manucting Company kaidtong mga 1900. kadaklan na boteng gibo pakalihis kan panahon na ini igwa nin tukawan na panbihag. mga 1920, an basong bote nin gatas nagin nang ordinaryo sa UK pakatapos na luway - luway na maintrodusir poon US bago kan Guerra Mundial I.<ref name="BBCmilk">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga boteng patok bago kan 1930 bilog na porma nin likulo. 1935 an mga botelyang sawa-lipot pigbisto sa UK.<ref name="BBCmilk2">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga taon 1940, an boteng plasa nagin mas popular na istilo. ga boteng Rawitdawit poon pa kan mga taon 1930 guminamit na nin pyroglaze o ACL (Aplied Color Label) sa pagbisto kan mga botelya. kan 1930, an mga ngaran ilinalaog sa bote nin gatas na naggagamit nin delug. ngaran na iyan idinoon sa kahon nin golug, dangan isinalya ini sa hormahan na ginagamit tanganing gibohon an bote - an resulta iyo an nakasurat na ngaran sa supot. 1980 sarong bagong bote, pig'aapod na "dumpiy," pinabisto sa UK kun saen iyo pa man giraray an estandarte ngunyan.<ref name="BBCmilk2" /> kan Ikaduwang Guerra Mundial an salang paggamit o pag - ukit sa mga bote nin gatas ginibong ilegal sa United Kingdom. milyon na bote an ikinaligtas. Milk Vessels Recovery Limited natogdas kan 1920 asin nag'entra sa pagparahay kan mga alumahad botelya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diet for a large planet|last=Otter|first=Chris|date=2020|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-69710-9|location=USA|page=161}}</ref> kan 1960 padagos sa Estados Unidos, na may mga pagpakarhay sa pagpaktora asin paggibo nin sarayan nin materyales, an basong bote haros biyo nang sinalidahan nin magsalang LDPE napapatos nin papel na karton o recycable HDPA plateltic table (arog baga nin square gatasjug), depende sa brand. LDPE napapatos nin mga karton sa papel HDAKO square jugs mga lalagan na ini sa papel asin plastik mas magian, barato sagkod ligtas kapwa sa paggibo asin bapor sa mga parabakal.<ref>{{Cite web}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> 1975, 94% nin gatas sa UK yaon sa mga boteng salming, alagad kan 2012 an bilang na ini nababa sa 40%.<ref name="BBCmilk3">{{Cite web}}</ref> mga bagay sa tahaw nin nagkapirang Amerikano kun dapit sa kualidad asin pagigin ligtas kan inindustrialisadong gatas. lokal na industriya nin gatas na bakong bangkag sa emosyon nakaheling nin popular na pagresiklo giraray sa nagkapirang saodan sa US kan nakaaging dekada o labi pa. kaini, orog na nagigin ordinaryo na sana an paggamit kan mga bote nin baso sa lokal o rehiyonal, bakong kumon na pagdistribwir nin gatas. == Tralohiya == * - Enot na ginibo kan Express Dairy Company an mga bote nin gatas kan Britania, ini pinaghatod paagi sa kabayo-drown carts. ga kartel na kabayo sa Britania enot na mga boteng de - lata ginamit an sarong porcerain stopper sa ibabaw na kapot nin alambre. cerlain Lewis Whiteman tinata'wan kabasta an basong bote nin gatas na may salming na liban. * - Dr. Thatcher an salming na lalagan nin gatas sa Nueva York. mga ini enot natatakan nin kahoy na pluma, na dai nagin mapanggana, asin dai nahaloy sinalidahan nin salming na mga parapundo.<ref name="Potsdam Public Museum">{{Cite web}}</ref> * - Pigmukna ni Anthony Hailwood an proseso nin pagseuri sa gatas tanganing makahaman nin mga sterilidong gatas, na ligtas na ikasasaray para sa mas halawig na panahon. Anthony Hailwood nang - eaduris * - An mga Kaiwal nagpoon na lumataw sa bote nin gatas. ga Kasakitan inagamit an sarong pamamaagi nin pagbaybay tanganing i-ukit iyan sa baso. * s - Nagdakol na prebalasyon nin mga lunadan na de koryenteng panleriya mantang an gatas naglalatawot na bagasyon sa elektrisidad nagdalataw sa gatas<ref name="national_transport_mueseum_of_ireland">{{Cite web}}</ref> * mga-1950s - Paperboard top ibinilang na bakong malinig asin prohibido sa nagkapirang lugar. perboard pa igdi an pagbilya kan mga karapatan nin kabayo. karuwaheng kabayo <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">citation needed] [nangangaipo nin toltolan na kinakaipuhan ⁇ .</sup> * ga enot na-1990 - An anunsio sa kadaklan nawara paagi sa introduksion nin mga iskuar na boteng de rueda na dinisenyo tanganing helingon an kalinigan. == Presenting aldaw == nagkapirang lugar sa bilog na kinaban, an laen - laen na de kolor na alitoktok nin mga bote nin gatas nagpaparisa kan taba. daing-ontok parati berde an pagkahunat. man an ibang apod sa kolor puwedeng gamiton nin nagkapirang dairies. mga Bottles pwede man matandaan, selyohon o i-mbyerno sa pangaran kan darodara. United Kingdom, an aluminium foil tops sa mga bote nin gatas na salming parateng ginagamit: An Kahadean kan Naciones Unidas<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |Colour !Meaning |- | style="background:gold;" | |Gold |[[Channel Island milk]]<ref name="Allison, 1978">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> |- | style="background:silver;" | |Silver |Whole milk ([[Homogenization (chemistry)|unhomogenized]])<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00;" | |Red |Homogenized whole milk<ref name="Allison, 1978" /> |- | style="background:#f00; color:silver;" | |Red & Silver stripe |Semi-skimmed milk<ref name="auto">{{Cite web}}</ref> |- | style="background:darkBlue; color:silver;" | |Dark Blue & Silver stripe |[[Skimmed milk]]<ref name="auto" /> |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | |Orange |1% Fat milk{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} |} historiya, pigproseso man an ibang kolor arog kan Pink para sa Ulta-High Temerature (UT) na estilo nin gatas.<ref name="Allison, 19782">{{Cite book|title=The Dairy Book of Home Cookery|last=Sonia Allison|date=1978|publisher=[[Milk Marketing Board]]|edition=Revised|page=6}}</ref> an Blue ginagamit sa termino na gayo, 'kapinerodo'.<ref name="Allison, 19782" /> modernong mga dairiya puede man na gumamit nin maremedyong plastik na bote, saka kan plastikong basiyong ibabaw. pagkupsit kan kolor para sa mga patopot na plastik pwedeng ibahon sa tikong bote nin gatas. United Kingdom, an plastik na mga alitoktok nin gatas sa plasma parateng ginagamit: Nagkakasararong Kahadean {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" ! colspan="2" |ur ![nangangaipo nin toltolan] Nota sa Ibaba] |- | style="background:gold;" | | |sa Isla nin Channel |- | style="background:#00f;" | |e |amotenisadong bilog na gatas |- | style="background: #228B22;" | | |utol na gatas an Semi-ski |- | style="background:#f00;" | | |inawan nin gatas |- | style="background: #FF7F00;" | | |% gatas na Daing Agom |} United Kingdom, an gatas na ipinapabakal sa pinto nag - abot bilang mga platta kan imperyo. ng mga gilid kan Kahadean , an steriled gatas na pinapabakal sa pinto tipikong minaabot sa 500 ml basong botelya, na bakong 'mapagbabago' asin may mga de kolor na pigbibiklad an mga lidsible na kaarog kan mga kodigo nin papel na normal na nahihiling sa plastik na mga bote. Milk na pigtitinda sa mga makaresibong lalagan, arog kan basong bote, dai kaipohan i-ontigan sa metantrikong yunit.<ref>{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Milk na pigtitinda sa mga pre-pamain na parata'bon na bakong respetentibo dapat ipirmeng yaon sa mga yunit nin merkado. mga supermarket, an bugtakan nin gatas na sadiri kan kadaklan nakukua sa sarong sipit o kadakol na saradit na kabtang nin pint, asin inaapod man na katumbas kaiyan. nagkapirang paratinda nin gatas sa mga bote nin salming makukua sa pirang rehion kan Naciones Unidas na may deposito sa supot. sa bote   sa mas hababang gatas, an gatas sa Hong Kong ipinapabakal kapwa sa salming asin plastik na mga bote siring man sa karton. mga bote nin gatas na salming ipinapabakal sa supermarket, tindahan para sa kagianan asin sa saradit na restawran. bote nin gatas kan salming may deposito na 1 Hong Kong dolyar. parateng makukua sa saodan nin salming an mga bote nin gatas na Kowloon Dairiya asin Trapista na si Dairy may iba-ibang korteng basong supot gatas na pareho nasa hiwas kan bote nin eskuelahan. Dairy Trappist Daird tagok nin Orange asin iba pang prutas pigtitinda man sa mga hatodan sa pinto sa parehong estilo kan bote na ginagamit para sa gatas. parate an mga ini may aluminium foil top de kolor code na ipinarisa sa madaling mawara nagkapirang nasyon (e.g. Estonia asin sa ibang probinsia nin Canada), uso na bumakal nin gatas sa bag nin mga gatas. na gatas sa Canada medyo hababa an bilang kan benta sa mga bag nin gatas sa United Kingdom, pigbebenta an semi-skim na gatas sa mga bote ni Dairy Cresst/Milk asin More, asin sa supermarky's openet ini makukua sa bilog na silingk, semi-Srimed-milk asin kilshing-musk. ng Kahadean An halimbawa na kaipuhan] Minsan gurano kadakulang pag - ako sana sa mas darakulang sanga. == Hilingon pa == * [[Gatas]] * [[gapo]] * [[hale nin mga bote]] * [[lalagan nin gatas sa Plastic]] * [[mas bukas an Promedyo]] sxec2a2kknoujh0n0qop53hk5t3i88i 0 50118 311880 290876 2026-10-26T22:38:45Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Probinsya kan Sri Lanka}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Habagatan na Probinsya | native_name = {{lang|si|දකුණු පළාත}}<br>{{lang|ta|தென் மாகாணம்}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Mga probinsya kan Sri Lanka|Province]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of the Southern Province (Sri Lanka).PNG | flag_alt = | image_map = Sri Lanka Southern Province locator map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Kinamumugtakan sa Sri Lanka | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates = {{coord|6|10|N|80|45|E|region:LK_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Nasyon | subdivision_name = Sri Lanka | established_title = Namukna | established_date = 1833 | established_title1 = [[Konstitusyon kan Sri Lanka|Inamin]] | established_date1 = Ika-14 Nobyembre 1987 | founder = | seat_type = Kapitolyo | seat = [[Galle]] | seat1_type = Pinakadakulang Syudad | seat1 = [[Galle]] | government_footnotes = | leader_title = [[Lista kan mga gobernador sa Habagatan na Probinsya|Gobernador]] | leader_name = [[Bandula Harischandra]] | leader_title1 = [[Lista kan mga Pamayong Ministro sa Habagatan na Probinsya|Pamayong ministro]] | leader_name1 = mayo | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 5544 | area_rank = ika-7 (8.46% kan kabilugan na hiwas) | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 2,464,732<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/PopulationAtla_2012/02_ProvincialMaps/Map%20P1.1.1%20Pop%20u%20lat%20ion%20by%20P%20r%20ov%20i%20n%20c%20e%20,%202%2001%202.pdf|title=Population by Province, 2012|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics|date=2012|access-date=1 December 2014|archive-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616062905/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/PopulationAtla_2012/02_ProvincialMaps/Map%20P1.1.1%20Pop%20u%20lat%20ion%20by%20P%20r%20ov%20i%20n%20c%20e%20,%202%2001%202.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_rank = ika-3 (12.18% kan kabilugan na pop.) | population_as_of = 2011 sensus | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | demographics_type1 = [[Gross Regional Product]] | demographics1_footnotes = &nbsp;(2010)<ref>[http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/Current_Affairs/ca201007/20100719north_east_record_highest_gdp_growth_rate.htm :.News Line : North, East record highest GDP growth rate<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620212257/http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/Current_Affairs/ca201007/20100719north_east_record_highest_gdp_growth_rate.htm |date=20 June 2012 }}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = Kabilugan | demographics1_info1 = [[Rupeya nin Sri Lanka|Rs]] 492 bilyon | demographics1_title2 = Ranggo | demographics1_info2 = ika-3 (10.2% kan kabilugan) | timezone1 = Sri Lanka | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | blank_name_sec1 = Mga Opisyal na tataramon | blank_info_sec1 = [[Tataramon na Sinhala|Sinhala]], [[Tataramon na Tamil|Tamil]] | iso_code = LK-3 | registration_plate = SP | website = {{URL|www.sp.gov.lk}} | footnotes = }} [[File:Galle 2.jpg|thumb|225px|An [[Galle]], sarong panginot na syudad sa Habagatan na Probinsya kan Sri Lanka]] [[File:Sri lanka southern province aerial view.jpg|thumb|225px|Pang-ereng tanawon kan [[Distritong Hambantota]]]] An '''Habagatan na Probinsya''' (Sinhala: දකුණු පළාත ''Dakuṇu Paḷāta'', Tamil: தென் மாகாணம் ''Theṉ Mākāṇam'') kan [[Sri Lanka]] iyo an saro sa siyam na [[mga probinsya kan Sri Lanka]], an enot na level nin [[administratibong dibisyon]] kan nasyon. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the [[13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka]] established [[Provincial councils of Sri Lanka|provincial councils]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Provinces of Sri Lanka|url=http://www.statoids.com/ulk.html|publisher=Statoids}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Provincial Councils|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/ProvicialCouncils.html|publisher=[[Government of Sri Lanka]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707214924/http://www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/ProvicialCouncils.html|archive-date=7 July 2009}}</ref> Iyo iyan an ika-7 pinakadakulang probinsya susog sa sukol asin pig-eerokan nin 2.5 milyon katawo, asin iyo an ika-3 pinakatawong probinsya. Napapalibotan an probinsya kan [[Probinsya kan Sabaragamuwa]] asin [[Probinsya kan Uva]] sa amihanan, [[Subangan na Probinsya]] sa amihanan-subangan, [[Solnopan na Probinsya]] sa amihanan-solnopan asin an [[Indian Ocean]] sa habagatan, solnopan asin subangan. An kapitolyo kan probinsya iyo an [[Galle]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} d8x3iyhe72405b390n9ca5h1hpjkgkk 0 50805 311873 295304 2026-10-26T13:46:19Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Hippopotamo | fossil_range = | image = Portrait Hippopotamus in the water.jpg | image_caption = A hippopotamus in [[Saadani National Park]], Tanzania | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Lewison, R. |author2=Pluháček, J. |date=2017 |title=''Hippopotamus amphibius'' |page=e.T10103A18567364 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10103A18567364.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Hippopotamus | species = amphibius | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]]<ref name=Linnæus>{{cite book |author=Linnæus, C. |year=1758 |title=Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |publisher=Salvius |location=Holmiae |chapter=''Hippopotamus amphibius'' |page=74 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/n87/mode/2up}}</ref> | range_map = Hippopotamus_distribution.png | range_map_caption = }} [[File:Hippo.ogv|thumb|Hipopotamo]] An '''hipopotamo''' (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), na orog pang kwalipikado bilang an komun na hipopotamo, Hippopotamus kan Nilo asin hippopotamus sa salog, sarong dakulang semiakwatikong [[mamalya]] na tubong [[Aprika]] na saro sana sa duwa. nagdadanay na species sa pamilya [[Hippopotamidae]], an saro pa iyo an pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis'' o ''Hexaprotodon liberiensis''). An pangaran kaini gikan sa suanoy na Griyego para sa "kabayo sa salog" (ἱπποπόαμος). ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga hayop]] 96fbgw6620tr18dgqhtxxnv4lolhqat 0 52345 311887 311800 2026-10-27T02:18:48Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Australian domestic violence campaigner (born 1962)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}{{Infobox person|name=Rosie Batty|honorific_suffix=[[Order of Australia|AO]]|image=Rosie Batty 2015 ACTU Congress.jpg|caption=Batty speaking at the Women's Lunch on Day One of the 2015 ACTU Congress|birth_name=Rosemary Anne Batty<ref name=rcfv>[http://www.rcfv.com.au/MediaLibraries/RCFamilyViolence/Statements/Witness-Statement-of-Rosie-Batty.pdf Witness Statement of Rosie Batty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803083326/http://www.rcfv.com.au/MediaLibraries/RCFamilyViolence/Statements/Witness-Statement-of-Rosie-Batty.pdf |date=3 August 2024 }}, Royal Commission into Family Violence, 6 August 2015.</ref>|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1962}}<ref name="aoty-skynews">{{cite news|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/news/national/2015/01/25/rosie-batty-named-australian-of-the-year.html|title=Rosie Batty named Australian of the Year|work=[[Sky News]]|location=Australia|date=25 January 2015|access-date=25 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="theage-feb2014">{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/mother-says-luke-loved-and-trusted-his-father-despite-his-problems-20140213-32juf.html|title=Mother says Luke loved and trusted his father despite his problems|work=[[The Age]]|date=13 February 2014|access-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Laneham]], [[Nottinghamshire]], England<ref name=lincsecho>{{cite news|title=Former Lincoln school pupil watches ex-partner batter their son to death with cricket bat in Australia|url=http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/Lincoln-school-pupil-watches-ex-partner-batter/story-20622787-detail/story.html|access-date=2 December 2015|work=Lincolnshire Echo|date=13 February 2014}}</ref>|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|df=yes|death date†|birth date†}} -->|death_place=|citizenship=British, Australian{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}|other_names=|occupation=|years_active=|known_for=[[Domestic violence]] campaigner|children=Luke Batty (2002{{endash}}2014)|awards={{Plainlist| * [[Australian of the Year]] (2015) * [[Order of Australia|Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)]] (2019)}}}}Si '''Rosemary Anne''' " '''Rosie''' " '''Batty''' AO (namundag kan 1962) sarong Australianong parakampanya sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong . Nagin siyang parakampanya kan 2014, pagkatapos na an saiyang 11-anyos na aking lalaki na si Luke Batty ginadan kan saiyang ama, '''si Greg Anderson''' . <ref name="MC2">{{Cite web|title=Mother courage – At Home with Rosie Batty|url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2014/october/1412085600/helen-garner/mother-courage|website=The Monthly|access-date=27 January 2016|last=Garner|first=Helen|date=October 2014}}</ref> Bilang sarong parakampanya, nagtaram siya sa publiko manungod sa saiyang mga eksperyensya bilang sarong nakaligtas sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong tanganing mapataas an kaaraman kan publiko asin mag-adbokasiya para sa mga pagbabago sa sosyedad. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Rosie's Story|url=http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2014/07/14/4043135.htm|website=www.abc.net.au|date=14 July 2014|access-date=27 January 2016|language=en-AU}}</ref> Si Batty pigkokonsiderar na nagkaigwa nin dakulang impluwensya sa nasyonal na mga aktitud kan publiko, pilantropiya, mga inisyatiba asin pagpondo kan gobyerno, mga serbisyo sa suporta asin mga prosedimiento kan pulis asin legal na may relasyon sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong sa Australia . <ref name="AotYAwards2">{{Cite web|title=Australian of the Year Awards|url=https://www.australianoftheyear.org.au/recipients/rosie-batty/1179/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805165108/https://australianoftheyear.org.au/recipients/rosie-batty/1179/|url-status=|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.australianoftheyear.org.au|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wheildon|first1=Lisa J.|last2=True|first2=Jacqui|last3=Flynn|first3=Asher|last4=Wild|first4=Abby|date=2021-08-25|title=The Batty Effect: Victim-Survivors and Domestic and Family Violence Policy Change|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778012211024266|journal=Violence Against Women|volume=28|issue=6–7|pages=1684–1707|doi=10.1177/10778012211024266|pmid=34431729|s2cid=237292973|issn=1077-8012}}</ref> Kan 2016, an primer ministro kaidto kan Australia na si Malcolm Turnbull nagsabi manungod sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong sa Australia na "an pagbabago sa kultura nangangaipo nin sarong dakulang parasuportar, asin si Rosie nakagibo kaiyan sa paagi na sa paghona ko mayo pang nakagibo kaidto". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-25/outgoing-australian-of-the-year-rosie-batty's/7112356|title=Outgoing Australian of the Year Rosie Batty's legacy|website=ABC News|date=25 January 2016|language=en-AU|access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref> Siya nginaranan na Australian of the Year kan 2015 asin ninombrahan na sarong Opisyal kan Orden kan Australia kan 2019. == Dangog == Si Batty namundag sa Inglaterra asin pinadakula sa sarong oma sa Laneham sa Ingles na kondado nin Nottinghamshire kan saiyang ama kaiba an saiyang tolong tugang na lalaki. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10874344/British-mother-of-son-beaten-to-death-by-cricket-bat-leads-campaign-against-domestic-violence.html|title=British mother of son beaten to death by cricket bat leads campaign against domestic violence|website=Telegraph|access-date=13 March 2018|author=Jonathan Pearlman|date=4 June 2014}}</ref> Kan si Batty anom na taon an edad, nagadan an saiyang ina, asin pinadakula siya kan mga yaya asin kan saiyang lola sa ina. Sabi ni Batty na an pagkagadan kan saiyang ina nagkaigwa nin halawig na epekto: "Dai pa talaga ako nakabilog nin permanenteng relasyon sa kiisay man; dai pa ako noarin man nag-agom asin dai man an duwa kong tugang na lalaki. Sa hiling ko talagang nakakatrauma ka sa pagkaigwa nin mga pangenot na relasyon huli sa takot na babayaan ka ninda." <ref name="Harari">{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/mother-courage-rosie-battys-life-after-luke-20141128-11ld0f.html|title=Mother courage: Rosie Batty's life after Luke|author=Harari, Fiona|date=29 November 2014|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald#Good Weekend|Good Weekend]], [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Pagkatapos kan hayskul nakatapos siya nin kurso sa sekretarya asin nagtrabaho nin halipot bilang sarong klerk sa bangko asin bilang sarong yaya sa Australia. Si Batty nag-erok sa Australia kan 1988 sa sarong partner visa  kasunod kan enot na pagbisita kan 1986. == Personal na buhay asin pang-aabuso == Namidbid ni Batty si Anderson kan 1992 kan sinda nagtatrabaho sa sarong kompanya nin pagrekrut asin an duwa nagpoon nin sarong romantikong relasyon na naglawig nin duwang taon. <ref name="auto12">{{Cite news|title=Luke Batty: killed by a father no one truly knew|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/02/-sp-luke-batty-killed-by-a-father-no-one-truly-knew|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 November 2014|access-date=27 January 2016|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Melissa|last=Davey}}</ref> Sinabi ni Batty na si Anderson nagpahiling nin mga senyales nin sekswal na kadahasan mantang sinda magkaibanan asin kan huri nag-alegar na nagprobar siyang lugoson an sarong amigo ni Batty, pakatapos kaini tinapos ni Batty an duwang taon na relasyon. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=A Mother's Story|url=https://archive.org/details/mothersstoryhear0000rosi|last=Batty|first=Rosie|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2015|isbn=9781460705100}}</ref> Pakalihis nin haros walong taon, nagpoon giraray siyang makipag-ulay saiya asin nagpoon giraray nin halipot na sekswal na relasyon, na nagin dalan kan pagbados ni Batty. Sinabi niya na dai siya nagplanong magkaigwa nin aki, huli sa saiyang bilog na buhay na takot sa pagkawara, asin na an saiyang aki sarong aksidente. An saindang aki na si Luke namundag kan 20 Hunyo 2002. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sinabi ni Batty na an pang-aabuso ki Anderson nagpoon dai nahaloy pagkatapos nindang magmidbidan asin naglangkaw kan siya nagbados. <ref name="SunBattle2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/true-crime-scene/rosie-batty-reveals-her-battle-to-stop-killer-dad-greg-andersons-violence-before-son-lukes-death/news-story/408e8c50f96b7c0ba990d474f6d3c5c2|title=Rosie Batty reveals her battle to stop killer Dad Greg Anderson's violence before son Luke's death|website=Herald Sun}}</ref> Ipinahayag ni Batty na si Anderson sarong mamomoton na ama ki Luke asin idinepensa niya an saiyang deretso na magkaigwa nin kontak sa saindang aki. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sa 2014 coronial inquest sa kagadanan ni Luke, ibinareta na si Anderson tibaad igwa nin dai pa nadiagnose na helang sa isip. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/making-of-greg-anderson-into-the-monster-who-killed-his-son-little-luke-batty/story-fni0ffnk-1226834156294|title=Making of Greg Anderson into the monster who killed his son, little Luke Batty|last1=Hurley|first1=David|date=22 February 2014|newspaper=[[Herald Sun]]|last2=Dowling|first2=James}}</ref> Nakipaglaban siya na mamantenir an sarong trabaho asin lugar na istaran asin ilinadawan man siya kan mga nakakamidbid saiya bilang bakong estable, mapagmaniobra asin agresibo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dai nahaloy pagkamundag ni Luke, pisikal na inatake ni Anderson si Batty, na nagtulod saiya na tapuson an saindang relasyon, dawa ngani si Anderson nagdanay na nakikipag-olay.  Poon Hunyo 2004 sagkod Pebrero 2014, si Batty naggibo nin kadakol na mga alegasyon na si Anderson pisikal na inatake asin tinakot na gadanon siya, na nagresulta sa nagkapirang pag-arestar, mga kasong  asin mga pagboot sa interbensyon . Kan Nobyembre 2012, si Anderson nadakop na nag-aakses nin pornograpiya nin kaakian sa sarong pampublikong kompyuter sa sarong libreriya [[Melbourne|sa Melbourne]] . Kan Enero 2014, si Anderson soboot naghuma na gadanon an saro sa saiyang mga ka-flat, na nagresulta sa paghagad kan ka-flat nin order nin interbensyon asin si Anderson inarestar alagad pinaluwas dai nahaloy pagkatapos na mayong kaso. Si Batty dai nakakaaram kan mga pangyayaring ini kan panahon na idto asin dai siya napaaram huli sa mga ley sa privacy . Kan Abril 2013, si Batty nag-alegar sa pulis na si Anderson naggamit nin kutsilyo ki Luke kan sinda sana sa laog kan saiyang kotse asin nagsabi na "pwedeng matapos ini gabos." Gusto ni Batty na si Anderson dai magkaigwa nin kontak ki Luke. Sarong pansamantalang pagboot nin interbensyon an ginibo kan korte na nagboot na si Anderson dai na puedeng magkaigwa nin dugang pang pakikipag-olay sa saiyang aki, na parehong nginaranan si Batty asin Luke bilang mga protektadong tawo. Sa sarong pagbista, kan Hulyo 2013, an pansamantalang pagboot dai nasuportaran asin si Anderson tinawan nin access ki Luke sa publiko kan siya nagtutugtog nin isports. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Paggadan ki Lucas === Kan 12 Pebrero 2014, ginadan ni Anderson an onse anyos na si Luke Batty sa praktis nin cricket sa sarong sports oval sa luwas kan Melbourne suburb kan Tyabb . <ref>{{cite web|last1=Davey|first1=Melissa|title=Rosie Batty hits back at questions about her actions before son Luke's murder|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/oct/21/rosie-batty-hits-back-at-questions-about-her-actions-before-son-lukes|website=The Guardian|date=21 October 2014|access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Davey|first1=Melissa|title=Luke Batty's killer, Greg Anderson, was 'bad, not mad', police tell inquest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/oct/23/luke-battys-killer-greg-anderson-was-bad-not-mad-police-tell-inquest|website=The Guardian|date=22 October 2014|access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref> Dawa ngani yaon an mga magurang asin mga aki, mantang an mga tawo nagpoon nang maghale asin medyo harayo na, nahimo ni Anderson na isolo si Luke sa laog nin sarong hikot nin kuliglig, kun saen hinampak niya an saiyang aki sa payo asin sinaksak siya sagkod na magadan. Si Anderson nagtumang sa pag-arestar asin tinakot an mga trabahador kan ambulansya gamit an saiyang kutsilyo. Kan huri nagadan siya sa ospital huli sa mga putok kan pulis asin mga lugad sa sadiri. <ref name="abc-batty-father-dead">{{Cite news|title=Small town in shock after father kills 11yo son on cricket oval|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-13/tyabb-boy-dead-father-shot-by-police/5256444}}</ref> Sa coronial inquest, an mga opisyales kan pulis, mga serbisyo sa proteksyon kan kaakian asin si Rosie Batty nagsabi na dai nanggad sinda nagtutubod na madanyaran ni Anderson si Luke, nin huli ta dawa ngani igwa siyang rekord nin kadahasan laban ki Rosie Batty, bako siyang madahas sa saiyang aki. == Kampanya laban sa kadahasan sa laog kan pamilya == [[Ladawan:Rosie_Batty_2015-02.jpg|too|thumb| Si Batty nagtataram sa sarong panel discussion kan Australian Human Rights Commission kan Hulyo 2015.]] Si Batty nagpoon na magtaram sa publiko manungod sa saiyang eksperyensya pagkatapos na magtaram sa media kan aga pagkatapos kan paggadan ki Luke. Siya nagin sarong parasuportar para sa mga nakaligtas asin biktima nin kadahasan sa laog kan harong, asin naghingoa na atubangon an mga pighihiling na sistematikong pagkabigo sa mga simbag sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong sa Australia. <ref name="age">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/luke-battys-mother-rosie-urges-overhaul-to-prevent-childrens-deaths-20140828-109gpo.html|title=Luke Batty's mother Rosie urges overhaul to prevent children's deaths|date=28 August 2014}}</ref> <ref name="charity">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/charity-to-mark-luke-battys-tragic-death-20140215-32s9m.html|title=Charity to mark Luke Batty's tragic death|date=15 February 2014}}</ref> Nagtaram siya manungod sa kakulangan nin komunikasyon sa pag-ultanan kan mga serbisyo, manungod sa mga pagmansay kan publiko sa kadahasan sa laog kan harong, manungod sa kakulangan nin pondo, asin manungod sa mga prosedimiento kan pulis asin legal na sa pagmati niya nakawara nin kapangyarihan sa saiyang kakayahan na protehiran an saiyang sadiri asin an saiyang aking lalaki. Kan 2014, pigmukna ni Batty an Luke Batty Foundation tanganing tabangan an mga babae asin kaakian na apektado nin kadahasan sa laog kan harong. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://lukebattyfoundation.com.au/|title=Luke Batty Foundation|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925055301/http://lukebattyfoundation.com.au/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kan Abril 2014, nagsimbag siya sa sarong komento kan peryodistang si Joe Hildebrand sa ''Studio 10'' kan Ten Network, sarong palabas sa TV. Sa pag-orolay kan mga propuestong ley kan Victoria para sa obligadong pagreport kan mga kaso nin pang-aabuso sa aki, sinabi ni Hildebrand na an pagigin "natatakot para sa saimong sadiring kaligtasan, pasensya na, bako ining sarahotan." Bilang simbag, sinabi ni Batty na nabigla siya sa nosyon, asin naisip niya na pagkatapos kan pagkagadan kan saiyang aki, naglaom siya na "may maluwas digdi na talagang magpapahiling kan kadepisilan kan mga babae sa mga mapang-abuso na relasyon". <ref name="hildebrand-newsltd2">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/rosie-batty-blasts-studio-10-host-joe-hildebrand-on-morning-tv/story-e6frfmyi-1226872088068|title=Rosie Batty blasts Studio 10 host Joe Hildebrand on morning TV|work=news.com.au|date=7 April 2014|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=21 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421134041/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/rosie-batty-blasts-studio-10-host-joe-hildebrand-on-morning-tv/story-e6frfmyi-1226872088068|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kan Setyembre 2015 inapod niya si Primer Ministro Malcolm Turnbull na isara an mga pasilidad nin detensyon sa imigrasyon sa Australia huli sa insidente nin panglulugos asin sekswal na pang-aabuso. <ref>Allard, Tom [http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/rosie-batty-takes-on-malcolm-turnbull-over-detention-centres-they-must-be-shut-down-20151001-gjz5zq.html Rosie Batty takes on Malcolm Turnbull over detention centres: 'They must be shut down' 2 October 2015] ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]''</ref> An istorya ni Batty nagin instrumento sa pagmukna kan 2015 kan Royal Commission into Family Violence sa saiyang ginikanan na estado nin Victoria. <ref name="AotY2">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/australian-of-the-year-rosie-batty-a-voice-of-family-violence/story-fnboyn5s-1227190075624|title=Australian of the year: Rosie Batty, a voice of family violence|date=20 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|access-date=26 January 2015|author=Akerman, Pia}}</ref> Ini itinao sa Parlamento kan ika-30 nin Marso 2016. An report sarong kulminasyon kan 13-bulan na pagsiyasat kun pano epektibo na maiiwasan an kadahasan sa pamilya, mapakarhay an amay na interbensyon, suportaran an mga biktima, gibohon na responsable an mga nagkasala, mas marahay na makoordinar an simbag kan komunidad asin gobyerno, asin ebalwaron asin masukol an mga estratehiya, balangkas, polisiya, programa asin serbisyo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcfv.com.au/Media/Royal-Commission-report-delivered-to-Government-Ho|title=Royal commission report delivered to Government House|last=Matthers|first=Tracey|date=31 July 2016|website=Royal Commission into Family Violence|access-date=2 May 2025|archive-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305224148/http://www.rcfv.com.au/Media/Royal-Commission-report-delivered-to-Government-Ho|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An report igwa nin walong tomo, asin nakabasar sa 227 na rekomendasyon na ginibo kan komisyon tanganing mapakarhay, giyahan asin bantayan an sarong halawig na programa nin reporma na nagtutukar kan kadahasan sa pamilya. Kabali digdi an pagmukna kan Family Violence Protection Act, na nagtatao nin detalyadong kahulugan kan kadahasan sa pamilya, an mga relasyon kun saen ini pwedeng maglataw, asin an pagpakusog kan mga marahay na obheto asin prinsipyo kan Akta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://files.rcfv.com.au/Reports/Final/RCFV-All-Volumes.pdf|title=Royal Commission into Family Violence Report|date=March 2016|website=Royal Commission into Family Violence|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308121302/http://files.rcfv.com.au/Reports/Final/RCFV-All-Volumes.pdf|url-status=}}</ref> Kan huring parte kan 2016, si Batty nagsurat sa Federal Immigration Minister Peter Dutton sa pagsuporta ki Dr. Chamari Liyanage, na binugbog an saiyang agom sagkod na magadan gamit an sarong martilyo sa saiyang higdaan mantang siya nagtuturog kan 2014, na nagsasabi na si Liyanage dapat na togotan na magdanay sa Australia pagkatapos kan saiyang pagluwas sa bilanggoan, na nagsasabi na ini "magpapahiling nin pakikidamay sa gobyerno kan Australia na totoong nakakasabot kamugtakan kan mga biktima nin kadahasan sa pamilya asin sa harong." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-19/rosie-batty-calls-on-peter-dutton-to-let-chamari-liyanage-stay/8132396|title=Rosie Batty calls on Peter Dutton to allow woman who killed abusive husband to stay in Australia|date=19 December 2016|language=en-AU}}</ref> Kan 16 Pebrero 2018, pig-anunsyo ni Batty na siya mababa sa pwesto bilang hepe ehekutibo kan Luke Batty Foundation, asin sa kahurihurihi isara an pundasyon. Kan parehong aldaw, an Pundasyon nag-ontok sa pag-ako nin mga donasyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lbf.joshs.space/a-message-from-rosie-some-time-out-of-the-public-eye/|title=A Message From Rosie: Some Time Out Of The Public Eye – Luke Batty Foundation|website=lbf.joshs.space|language=en-US|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220035412/https://lbf.joshs.space/a-message-from-rosie-some-time-out-of-the-public-eye/|url-status=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-16/rosie-batty-resigns-luke-batty-foundation-closes/9456416|title=Rosie Batty resigns, Luke Batty Foundation to wind down operations}}</ref> == Pagkamidbid == Si Batty tinawan kan Pride of Australia's National Courage Medal kan 2014, ninombrahan 2015 Australian of the Year, tinawan nin honorary doctorate kan Unibersidad kan Sunshine Coast, asin pigranggo numero 33 sa listahan kan Pinakadakulang Lider kan Kinaban 2016 kan magasin ''na Fortune'' . <ref name="ABCAotY2">{{cite news|date=25 January 2015|title=Australian of the Year: Rosie Batty awarded top honour for efforts to stop family violence|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-25/rosie-batty-named-australian-of-the-year-2015/6045290|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mysunshinecoast.com.au/news/news-display/usc-to-award-honorary-doctorate-to-rosie-batty,49194|title=USC to award Honorary Doctorate to Rosie Batty|website=My Sunshine Coast|language=en|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508074010/https://mysunshinecoast.com.au/news/news-display/usc-to-award-honorary-doctorate-to-rosie-batty,49194|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/2016/rosie-batty-33/|title=Rosie Batty|date=24 March 2016|work=Fortune|access-date=6 January 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2 May 2025|archivedate=2 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202124624/http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/2016/rosie-batty-33/}}</ref> Kan 2015 siya an tema kan sarong retrato ni Jacqui Clark na an pangaran ''Meeting Rosie Batty'', na napili para sa 2015 Portia Geach Memorial Award . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/3338815/rosie-inspires-top-artwork/|title=Rosie inspires top artwork|date=9 September 2015|accessdate=2 May 2025|archivedate=8 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074429/https://www.forbesadvocate.com.au/story/3338815/rosie-inspires-top-artwork/}}</ref> Siya pig-indukto sa Victorian Honor Roll of Women kan 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-11|title=Rosemary Batty AO|url=https://www.vic.gov.au/rosemary-batty-ao|access-date=2025-04-25|website=State Government of Victoria|language=en-au}}</ref> Kan Oktubre 2018 si Batty nginaranan sa sosyal na negosyo asin bakong para sa ganansya na kategorya kan ''The Australian Financial Review'' 100 Women of Influence awards. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.afr.com/brand/100women/women-of-influence-2018-winner-fights-for-recognition-of-indigenous-australians-20181015-h16npc|title=Women of Influence 2018 winner fights for recognition of Indigenous Australians|last=Patten|first=Sally|date=2018-10-17|work=Australian Financial Review|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Kan ika-10 Hunyo 2019, siya ninombrahan bilang sarong Opisyal kan Orden kan Australia sa heneral na dibisyon bilang parte kan pagmidbid kan Queen's Birthday 2019 Honors para sa saiyang "pambihirang serbisyo sa komunidad bilang sarong parakampanya asin parasurog para sa pag-iingat kan kadahasan sa pamilya". <ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=Rosemary Anne BATTY|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2004373|access-date=11 June 2019|website=honours.pmc.gov.au}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news|date=2019-06-10|title=2019 Queen's Birthday Honours full list: Companions, Officers, Members, Medals, Meritorious and Military|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6207862/the-full-list-of-queens-birthday-honours/|access-date=2019-06-10|work=The Canberra Times}}</ref> == Iba pang mga aktibidad == Kan 10 Oktubre 2023, si Batty saro sa 25 Australiano kan Taon na nagpirma nin sarong bukas na surat na nagsusuporta sa boto nin Iyo sa referendum kan Indigenous Voice, na pinonan kan sikiatrista na si Patrick McGorry .<ref>{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Josh|title=Australian of the Year winners sign open letter saying no vote in voice referendum would be a 'shameful dead end'|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=11 October 2023|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/oct/11/indigenous-voice-to-parliament-referendum-australians-of-the-year-open-letter|access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="letter2">{{cite web|last=Winter|first=Velvet|title=Voice referendum live updates: Australians of the Year Yes vote letter in full|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=10 October 2023|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-10-11/live-updates-voice-referendum-latest-news-october-11/102958838|access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> == Bibliograpiya == * {{Cite book|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/193270349|title=A Mother's Story|last=Batty, Rosie|last2=Corbett, Bryce|date=21 September 2015|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty Limited|isbn=978-1-4607-5055-1|publication-date=2015}} * {{Cite book|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/256308178|title=Hope|last=Batty, Rosie|last2=Smethurst, Sue|date=3 April 2024|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty Limited|isbn=978-1-4607-6029-1|publication-date=2024}} == Mga Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7w5yi61kx5irgywitfeco50syazhnb0 0 52346 311878 286887 2026-10-26T22:05:01Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Australian writer and sociologist}} {{Use Australian English|date=November 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}{{Infobox person|name=Eva Cox|honorific_suffix={{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO|size=100}}|image=Eva-Cox.jpg|alt=|caption=|birth_name=Eva Maria Hauser|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1938|02|21}}|birth_place=[[Vienna]], Austria|father={{ill|Richard Hauser|de|Richard Hauser (Sozialwissenschaftler)}}|mother=Ruth Hauser|party=[[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] (until the 1980s)|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->|death_place=|nationality=Australian|other_names=|occupation=Researcher, women's rights activist|education=[[University of New South Wales]] <small>(1974, B.A. in sociology)</small>|years_active=|known_for=Founding member of the Women's Electoral Lobby|notable_works=|website=}}Si '''Eva Maria Cox''' AO (née '''Hauser''' ; namundag kan 21 Pebrero 1938) sarong parasurat, [[Feminismo|peminista]], sosyologo, komentarista sosyal asin aktibista na namundag sa Austria. Siya sarong aktibong parasuportar sa pagmukna nin sarong "mas sibil" na sosyedad. Siya sarong haloy nang miyembro kan Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL), asin nagtutulod pa man giraray nin pagbabagong peminista sa paagi nin pagbugtak nin pag-revalue kan mga kontribusyon sosyal asin karahayan sa mga agenda politikal, siring man an pagmidbid kan komun na basehan sa pag-ultanan kan mga Enot na Nasyon kan Australia asin mga peministang halaga kan importansya kan sosyal. == Amay na buhay == '''Si Eva Maria Hauser''' namundag sa sarong pamilyang Hudyo sa [[Vienna]] kan 1938, mayo pang tolong semana bago an Anschluss (12 Marso 1938) na nagwalat saiya asin sa saiyang pamilya na daing estado. Kan suminunod na taon, nagbiyahe siya kaiba an saiyang ina na si Ruth, sarong estudyante sa medisina sa huring taon, pasiring sa Inglaterra, UK; ginamit niya an gera—sa teknikal bilang sarong kaiwal na dayuhan sa Surrey . An saiyang ama, si Richard Hauser, nag'ayon sa Hokbong Briton sa Palestina, asin an saiyang mga lolo asin lola asin iba pang mga paryentes naghanap nin pailihan sa Sydney. Pagkatapos kan gera, an saiyang ama nagtrabaho para sa United Nations Refugee Association sa Roma, Italya, kun saen ipinadagos ni Cox an saiyang pag-eskwela sa laog nin duwang taon. Kan 1948 nag'ayon siya sa pamilya kan saiyang ina sa Sydney. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Eva Cox: A Feisty Feminist|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/ntwkpubs/gw/58/p09a01.html|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20040523140000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/11779/20040524-0000/www.nla.gov.au/ntwkpubs/gw/58/p09a01.html|url-status=|archive-date=2004-05-23|website=webarchive.nla.gov.au|access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref> Sa Sydney nag-adal siya sa Sydney Girls' High School . Duwang taon pagkatapos kan pag-abot, an saiyang ama nagpoon nin relasyon sa pianista na si Hephzibah Menuhin, na kan panahon na idto kasal sa sarong Australianong paraataman, si Lindsay Nicholas, asin nakaistar sa sulnupan na Victoria . Si Hauser asin Menuhin nagdiborsyo sa saindang kanya-kanyang agom tanganing magpakasal, asin si Menuhin nagin madrasta ni Cox. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hephzibah|url=http://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/hephzibah/clip1/|website=australianscreen|access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref> Si Cox nag-adal sa Unibersidad kan Sydney poon 1956 sagkod 1957, kun saen namidbid niya [[Germaine Greer|si Germaine Greer]] asin Robert Hughes asin nagin asosyado sa Sydney Push . Alagad, pinili niyang bayaan an unibersidad tanganing magbiyahe sa bilog na Europa, kun saen namidbid niya si John Cox. Nagpakasal sinda pagbalik sa Sydney, asin kan 1964, sinda nagin mga magurang nin sarong aking babae, na an pangaran Rebecca. <ref name="Speak2">{{cite web|title=Eva Cox|url=http://www.icmi.com.au/eva-cox|work=ICMI Speakers & Entertainers|publisher=ICMI|accessdate=31 March 2014|year=2014}}</ref> Si Rebecca ipinangidam sa Hughenden, Queensland, kun saen si Eva Cox nagduman tanganing makipag-ulay giraray sa saiyang agom pagkatapos nindang magbulag. Kan 1969 sinda nagbulag giraray. == Karera == Si Cox nagbalik tanganing mag-adal bilang sarong nagsosolong ina kan amay na mga taon nin 1970, na naggradwar na may Honors degree sa sosyolohiya gikan sa Unibersidad kan New South Wales (UNSW) kan 1974, asin nagin sarong tutor asin research consultant sa departamentong idto. Kan mga taon 1970, si Cox nagin sarong tagapagtaram kan WEL asin siya kan huri nagtabang sa pagmukna kan Women's Economic Think Tank. Si Cox iyo an direktor kan New South Wales Council for Social Service (NCOSS) poon 1977 sagkod 1981 asin siya tinawan nin Churchill Fellowship kan 1980. Si Cox parte kan peministang magasin na ''Refractory Girl'' kan mga taon 1980 asin nagin sarong tagapagtaram kan media, dugang pa sa saiyang aktibismo sa mga isyung kontra-giyera asin peministang. Siya man an nagmukna kan pinakaenot na sentro nin pag-ataman nin mga aki pagkatapos kan klase na pinondohan kan Commonwealth, sa Glenmore Road Public School sa Paddington, New South Wales . Kan 1981 asin 1982, si Cox sarong tagapayo sa Federal Shadow Minister para sa mga Serbisyong Sosyal, si Senador Don Grimes . Kan 1989, nagpoon siyang mag-operar nin sarong sadit na pribadong consultancy firm, an Distaff Associates, asin nagtukdo poon 1994 sagkod 2007 sa Australia's University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), kun saen siya natapos bilang direktor kan programa sa social inquiry. <ref name="Speak3">{{cite web|title=Eva Cox|url=http://www.icmi.com.au/eva-cox|work=ICMI Speakers & Entertainers|publisher=ICMI|accessdate=31 March 2014|year=2014}}</ref><ref name="About2">{{cite web|title=About Eva Cox|url=http://www.evacox.com.au/AboutUs|work=Eva Cox|accessdate=31 March 2014|year=2014}}</ref> Si Cox nagtao kan 1995 Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Boyer Lectures na presentasyon, na may titulong "A Truly Civil Society", na nagtao nin duon sa importansya kan kapital sosyal. An libro ni Cox ''na Leading Women'' ipinublikar kan suminunod na taon asin nag-eksplorar kan tema nin kapangyarihan sa relasyon sa kasarian. Siya sarong mabungang parasurat asin komentarista sosyal asin an saiyang mga artikulo mababasa sa Crikey asin The Conversation. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Eva Cox – Crikey|url=http://www.crikey.com.au/author/evacox-2/|website=Crikey|access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eva Cox|url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/eva-cox-1012/articles|website=The Conversation|access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref> Poon 2007 sagkod 2015, si Cox sarong Fellow kan Center for Policy Development . Poon 2007 siya nagin sarong professorial fellow sa Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning sa UTS—si Cox nagtatrabaho kaiba an huri sa mga basehan nin ebidensya para sa polisiya sosyal. Si Cox nagpapadagos bilang direktor kan Distaff Associates asin iyo an convenor kan Women's Equity Think Tank (WETTANK), sarong dugang pang pag-uswag kan Women's Economic Think Tank. <ref>{{cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.wettank.net.au/|work=Women's Equity Think Tank (WETTANK)|accessdate=31 March 2014|date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405053506/http://www.wettank.net.au/|archive-date=5 April 2014|url-status=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fellows|url=http://cpd.org.au/people/fellows/|work=CPD Centre for Policy Development|publisher=CPD|accessdate=31 March 2014|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721113052/http://cpd.org.au/people/fellows/|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=}}</ref> Kan Marso 2014, si Cox nag-ayon sa dating huwes kan Korte Suprema kan Australia na si Michael Kirby, kaiba an iba pa, tanganing magin patron kan Touching Base, sarong organisasyon na nakabase sa New South Wales na nagtatao nin impormasyon, edukasyon asin suporta para sa mga kliyenteng may diperensya, mga sex worker asin mga paratao nin serbisyo sa mga may diperensya. <ref>{{cite web|title=High Court judge turns patron for sex workers|url=http://www.aww.com.au/news-features/news-stories/2014/3/high-court-judge-turns-patron-for-sex-workers/|work=The Australian Women's Weekly|publisher=ninemsn Pty Ltd|accessdate=27 March 2014|date=14 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328015800/http://www.aww.com.au/news-features/news-stories/2014/3/high-court-judge-turns-patron-for-sex-workers/|archive-date=28 March 2014|url-status=}}</ref> Kan 2015, sa pagsunod sa mga lakad ni Jack Mundey na prominente sa hiro kan Green Bans, siya nagin patron kan kampanya tanganing iligtas an pampublikong harong kan Millers Point sa orog pang pag-uswag. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Eva Cox Archives - MILLERS POINT|url=http://millerspointcommunity.com.au/tag/eva-cox/|website=MILLERS POINT|access-date=2016-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402195639/https://millerspointcommunity.com.au/tag/eva-cox/|url-status=}}</ref> == Mga Onra == Si Cox ninombrahan bilang sarong Opisyal (AO) kan Orden kan Australia kan 1995 huli sa saiyang mga serbisyo sa kapakanan kan mga kababaihan asin nginaranan na Humanista kan Taon kan 1997 kan Konseho kan mga Sosyedad nin Humanista sa Australia . Kan 2011, nakaresibe siya nin Australia Post Legends Award asin an saiyang lalawgon nagluwas sa sarong selyo bilang parte kan serye nin apat na selyo na nagtataong onra sa mga babae na nag-abante kan kawsa kan pagkakapantay-pantay kan mga lalaki asin babae—an tolong iba pang babae iyo si [[Germaine Greer]], Elizabeth Evatt asin Anne Summers . <ref>[http://www.news.com.au/national/women-activists-germaine-greer-eva-cox-and-anne-summers-to-feature-on-stamps/story-e6frfkvr-1225991368873 Women activists – Germaine Greer, Eva Cox and Anne Summers to feature on stamps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419203709/http://www.news.com.au/national/women-activists-germaine-greer-eva-cox-and-anne-summers-to-feature-on-stamps/story-e6frfkvr-1225991368873 |date=19 April 2015 }} at news.com.au, 19 January 2011</ref> == Personal na buhay == Pagkatapos sanang mag-erok sa Australia na si Cox nagpoon na magin aware sa saiyang pagka- Hudiyo asin sa komunidad nin mga Hudiyo. Siya agnostiko asin sarong humanista . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/city-east/academic-and-feminist-eva-cox-named-patron-of-millers-point-as-public-housing-selloff-heats-up/news-story/59c9d81fed6d80c7ebf8dcf8d7fa4515?=|title=Daily telegraph|date=29 July 2015|access-date=|website=|publisher=|last=|first=}}</ref> Susog sa saiyang profile sa Twitter kan Marso 2014, si Cox nakabase sa Sydney, Australia asin nagmamawot na "gibohon na mas sibil an mga sosyedad na satuyang iniistaran, na may feminismo, katanosan asin pagkapantay-pantay, na may dikit na pagdodoon sa materyalismo sa ekonomiya". <ref>{{cite web|title=eva cox|url=https://twitter.com/evacox|work=eva cox on Twitter|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=31 March 2014|author=eva cox|date=31 March 2014}}</ref> Sa saiyang personal na website, inaapod niya an saiyang sadiri bilang sarong " ''political junkie'' " asin ipinapaliwanag an saiyang pagkamoot sa aktibismo sa paagi nin pagsuherir, " ''An sakong ama dati nagpapasupog sako asin sa mga katood na tin-edyer sa paagi nin paghapot kun ano an samong ginibo tanganing iligtas an kinaban kan aldaw na idto, kaya tibaad henetiko an pagmati na kun may sala, dapat kong probaran na husayon iyan'' ." <ref>{{cite web|title=What Makes Me Happy|url=http://www.evacox.com.au/WhatMakesMeHappy|work=Eva Cox|accessdate=31 March 2014|author=Eva Cox|year=2014}}</ref> == Bibliograpiya == * Cox E. asin Goodman J., ''Pag-bully sa sarong unibersidad sa Australia: mga gawi asin implikasyon'', EUR Oktubre 2005 * Cox, Eva, ''Sa Pagdepensa kan Kapital Sosyal: Sarong simbag sa Blue Book 8'', Arena Magazine 76 Hunyo 2005 * Cox E. (2005), ''Sarong Mas Marahay na Sosyedad: Mga Sangkap para sa Sosyal na Sustenibilidad'' sa ed Adams P. asin Spender D., ''An Libro nin mga Ideya'', UQP Brisbane * Bloch, B. asin Cox E. (2005), ''Mga Babaeng Hudiyo asin Australiano'' sa Braham, G. asin Mendes P. ''Mga Hudiyo sa Politika sa Australia'', Sussex University Press * Cox E. (2002), ''Australia, Paggibo kan Maswerteng Nasyon'' sa Putnam R., ''Mga Demokrasya sa Pagbabago: An ebolusyon kan kapital sosyal sa kontemporanyong sosyedad'', OUP NY * Cox E. (2000), ''An Liwanag asin Diklom kan Pagboluntaryo'' (2000) sa Warburton J. asin Oppenheimer M. (Ed), ''Mga Boluntaryo asin Pagboluntaryo'', Federation Press, Sydney. * Cox E. (2000), ''Pagkakaiba-iba asin Komunidad: Pag-iiwal asin Pagtitiwala?'' sa Vasta E. (Ed), ''Siyudadano, Komunidad asin Demokrasya'', Macmillan UK. * Cox E. asin Caldwell C. (2000), ''Paggibo nin Patakaran na Sosyal'' sa Tiglipot, I. ed. , ''Kapital Sosyal asin Patakaran Publiko'' . == Mga Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == * Eva Cox at The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3cb79vz72s31mxgt798ac007osyl4db 0 55786 311883 311787 2026-10-27T01:14:53Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Miah Madden headshot.jpg | caption = Madden in 2020 | birth_name = Miah Grace Madden | birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|21|2024|3|10}}<ref name="age"/> | birth_place = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], Australia | education = [[St Catherine's School, Waverley]] | alma_mater = | occupation = Actress, presenter | years_active = 2012–present | relatives = [[Madeleine Madden]] (half-sister) | website = }} Si '''Miah Grace Madden''' (namundag 2002 o 2003)<ref name="age">{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/elleaus/p/C4U0-K8PAyy/ |last= [[Elle (magazine)|elleaus]] |date=2024-03-10 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> sarong Australyanong aktres asin presenter. Siya nagpoon kan saiyang karera bilang sarong aking aktres sa pelikulang ''[[The Sapphires (film)|The Sapphires]]'' (2012) asin sa [[ABC Television (Australian TV network)|ABC Television]] seryeng ''[[The Gods of Wheat Street]]'' (2014). Poon kaidto siya sige an pagpapel sa seryeng [[ABC Me]] na ''[[The Unlisted]]'' (2019), sa [[10 Shake]] na seryeng ''[[Dive Club]]'' (2021), asin sa [[Network 10]] saka sa [[Paramount+]] na seryeng ''[[Paper Dolls (Australian TV series)|Paper Dolls]]'' (2023). ==Kamayi nin buhay asin edukasyon == Si Miah Grace Madden<ref name =cast /> namundag sa [[Sydney]] asin siya gikan sa [[Rose Bay, New South Wales|Rose Bay]], sarong suburb bandang subangan nin Sydney. Siya aki ni Lee Madden, na sarong [[Gadigal] na may dugong [[Banwang Bundjalung|Bundjalung]], asin ni Belinda Kirkpatrick. An saiyang ama nagadan sa sarong aksidente sa auto 2003 kan siya duwang taon pa sana an edad asin ina niya pigbabados na gayo an nguhod niyang tugang na si Ruby.<ref>{{Cite podcast| url=https://singlemothersurvivalguide.libsyn.com/episode-150|title=Belinda Kirkpatrick's story: widowed whilst pregnant and mum to an 18-month-old|website=Single Mother Survival Guide|date=25 June 2019|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref> Siya an mas hubin na tugang-sa-ama ni [[Madeleine Madden]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marieclaire.com.au/meet-the-maddens|title=Meet the Maddens|journal=Marie Claire Australia|first=Courtney|last=Thompson|date=16 March 2021|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref><ref name =cast >{{Cite web |url=https://productionshowcast.blob.core.windows.net/actor-pdfs/e10c8d0d-4816-4f84-9b67-131acbccb001.pdf|title=Miah Grace Madden| accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref> Siya nag'atender sa [[St Catherine's School, Waverley]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stcatherines.nsw.edu.au/news-events/Latest/school-news/Pages/Miah-Madden-OG-2019-partnered-with-UN-Women-Australia.aspx|title=Miah Madden (OG 2019) partnered with UN Women Australia in their latest campaign|website=St Catherine's School|date=12 March 2021|accessdate=18 August 2021|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702024257/https://stcatherines.nsw.edu.au/news-events/Latest/school-news/Pages/Miah-Madden-OG-2019-partnered-with-UN-Women-Australia.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/wentworth-courier/two-sydney-schoolkids-with-their-eyes-on-hollywood/news-story/0188f98a1f618a86c69a7757f7105bc0|title=Two Sydney schoolkids with their eyes on Hollywood|journal=The Daily Telegraph|first=Jacqui|last=Taffel|date=2 October 2017|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref> ==Karera== Si Madden nagbungsod kan saiyang karera paagiu nin pagpapel bilang hubin na bersyon kan karakter ni [[Jessica Mauboy]] sa 2012 na pelikulang ''[[The Sapphires (film)|The Sapphires]]''. Siya naman pigpapelan komo sarong hubin na Mauboy again sa "[[Never Be the Same (Jessica Mauboy song)|Never Be the Same]]" na bidyong musika.<ref name="News.com.au">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/australias-pop-princess-jess-mauboy-unveils-her-demons-in-new-single-never-be-the-same/story-e6frfn09-1226852907010|title=Australia's pop princess Jess Mauboy unveils her demons in new single Never Be the Same|publisher=[[News.com.au]] ([[News Limited]])|date=13 March 2014|accessdate=14 March 2014|archive-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313115204/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/australias-pop-princess-jess-mauboy-unveils-her-demons-in-new-single-never-be-the-same/story-e6frfn09-1226852907010|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Saiyang nakamit an pinakaenot niyang mayor na papel sa telebisyon bilang si Athena Freeburn sa [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC TV]] dramang ''[[The Gods of Wheat Street]]''. Si Madden nagpapel bilang si April Tucker sa 2017 na pelikulang ''[[Australia Day]]''. Siya man nagluwas sa 2018 [[NITV]] seryeng ''[[Little J & Big Cuz]]''. Kan 2019 asin 2020, si Madden nagbida sa duwang pang-aking serye nin science fiction: an [[ABC Me]] na serye ''[[The Unlisted]]'' (2019) komo Kymara asin an [[9Go!]] na serye ''[[The Gamers 2037]]'' (2020) bilang Kite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kzone.com.au/article/escape-the-game-with-miah-madden-from-the-gamers-2037-560342|title=Escape the game with Miah Madden from The Gamers 2037|website=K-Zone|accessdate=18 August 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819002114/https://www.kzone.com.au/article/escape-the-game-with-miah-madden-from-the-gamers-2037-560342|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Siya an kagpugol kan ikatolong season kan [[Nickelodeon Australia]] na seryeng ''Crash the Bash''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/australia/who/20190121/283270278919631|title=Meet Miah Madden|journal=Who|date=21 January 2019|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref> asin igwang pabalik-balik na papel sa ABC Me comedy-drama ''[[Mustangs FC]]''. Kan 2021, si Madden nagbida sa [[10 Shake]] teen serye na ''[[Dive Club]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://10play.com.au/10-play-trending/articles/dive-club-miah-madden-gets-dropped-in-the-deep-end/tpa210526ozycx|title=Dive Club: Miah Madden Gets Dropped In The Deep End|website=10 Play|date=26 May 2021|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/wentworth-courier/dive-club-aubri-ibrag-miah-madden-cast-in-new-netflix-series/news-story/c237bdbab9e47969f1db32f4d95accfa|title=Dive Club: Aubri Ibrag, Miah Madden cast in new Netflix series|journal=The Daily Telegraph|first=Emily|last=Macdonald|date=12 March 2021|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref> saka siya nagbali sa cast kan Nickelodeon na pantasyang ''[[The Bureau of Magical Things]]'' bilang si Tayla Devlin sa ikaduwang season kaini. Kan 2023, si Madden nagbida komo si Charlie Levett sa [[Network 10]] asin [[Paramount+]] drama seryeng ''[[Paper Dolls (Australian TV series)|Paper Dolls]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Paper Dolls: Australian Original series lands on Paramount+ {{!}} ScreenHub Australia - Film & Television Jobs, News, Reviews & Screen Industry Data |url=https://www.screenhub.com.au/news/news/paper-dolls-australian-original-series-lands-on-paramount-2630770/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.screenhub.com.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Paper Dolls (TV Series 2023– ) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt19358544/ |type= |access-date=2024-01-06 |others= |publisher=IMDB}}</ref> ==Filmograpiya== ===Pelikula=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2012 | ''[[The Sapphires (film)|The Sapphires]]'' | Young Julie | |- | 2013 | ''[[The Darkside (film)|The Darkside]]'' | | |- | 2017 | ''[[Australia Day (film)|Australia Day]]'' | April Tucker | |- | 2023 | ''The Overthrow'' | Iris | Short film |- | 2025 | ''Half Past Midnight'' | Harper | Short film |- | {{TableTBA}} | ''Black Prince'' | Sophie | Post-production |} ===Telebisyon=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! class="unsortable" | Mga Nota |- | 2013 | ''[[Redfern Now]]'' | Young Mattie | Episode: "Consequences" |- |rowspan="2" | 2014 | ''[[The Moodys]]'' | Billy | Mini-series; episode: "Australia Day" |- | ''[[The Gods of Wheat Street]]'' | Athena Freeburn | Main role; 6 episodes |- | 2016 | ''[[Hyde & Seek]]'' | Alicia | Mini-series; 1 episode |- | 2017–2021 | ''[[Little J & Big Cuz]]'' | Monti | Recurring role (series 1–4; 12 episodes) |- |rowspan="3" | 2019 | ''[[Mustangs FC]]'' | Jas | Recurring role (series 2; 11 episodes) |- | ''Crash the Bash'' | Herself | Series 3; 6 episodes |- | ''[[The Unlisted]]'' | Kymara | Main role; 15 episodes |- | 2020–2021 | ''[[The Gamers 2037]]'' | Kite | Main role; 26 episodes |- |rowspan="2" | 2021 | ''[[Dive Club]]'' | Maddie | Main role; 12 episodes |- | ''[[The Bureau of Magical Things]]'' | Tayla Devlin | Recurring role (series 2; 15 episodes) |- | 2022 | ''[[Bali 2002]]'' | Danni | Mini-series; 2 episodes |- | 2022–2025 | ''[[Play School (Australian TV series)|Play School]]'' | Herself - Presenter | Series 57–60; 17 episodes |- |rowspan="2" | 2023 | ''[[Koala Man]]'' | (voice) | Episode: "Deep Pockets" |- | ''[[The Clearing (TV series)|The Clearing]]'' | Max Dhurrkay | Mini-series; 6 episodes |- | 2023–2024 | ''[[Paper Dolls (Australian TV series)|Paper Dolls]]'' | Charlie Levett | Main role; 8 episodes |- |rowspan="2" | 2024 | ''[[Eddie's Lil' Homies]]'' | Lottie (voice) | Main role; 10 episodes |- | ''[[Troppo (TV series)|Troppo]]'' | Tayla | Series 2; 8 episodes |- |rowspan="2" | 2025 | ''[[Return to Paradise (2024 TV series)|Return to Paradise]]'' | Ayesha Abara | Episode: "Death Trip" |- | ''[[He Had It Coming (TV series)|He Had It Coming]]'' | Jess | 7 episodes |} ===Bidyong musika=== * "[[Never Be the Same (Jessica Mauboy song)|Never Be the Same]]" (2014), [[Jessica Mauboy]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== *{{IMDb name|4783752}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madden, Miah}} [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga Australyanong mga aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga aktres haleng Sydney]] [[Kategorya:Mga :Australyanong mga aking aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga katutubong Australyanng aktres]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawong haleng Eastern Suburbs (Sydney)]] [[Kategorya:Pamilya Perkins–Madden|Miah Madden]] [[Kategorya:Taon nin pagkamundag nawawara (mga buruhay)]] [[en:Miah Madden]] odac9aqkwc5koe5ydcq38tg2xehlu4o 0 56807 311886 310505 2026-10-27T02:05:49Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 311886 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Programang Pangkapalibotan kan Nagkakasararong Nasyon''' iyo an responsable para sa pagkoordinar kan mga kasimbagan sa mga isyu sa kapalibutan sa laog kan [[United Nations System]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/funds-programmes-specialized-agencies-and-others/index.html|title=Funds, Programmes, Specialized Agencies and Others|date=November 18, 2014|website=un.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.unenvironment.org/about-un-environment|title=About UN Environment Programme|website=UNEP|access-date=2019-02-10|archive-date=2020-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409185727/http://www.unenvironment.org/about-un-environment|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mandato kaiyan an magtao nin leadership, maghatod nin siyensya asin magpaurog nin mga solusyon sa sarong mahiwas na lado nin mga isyu, kabali an pagbabago sa klima,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/climate-change|title=Climate Change|date=2021|website=unep.org}}</ref> an pagmanehar sa pangkadagatan asin terestriyal na [[Ecosystem|ecosystems]], asin berdeng pag-uswag na ekonomiko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/green-economy|title=Green Economy|date=2021|website=unep.org|access-date=2026-09-20|archive-date=2011-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005809/http://unep.org/greeneconomy/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pigpapaurog man kan organisasyon an [[international environmental agreements]]; pigpupublikar asin pigbubusol an [[environmental science]] asin nagtatabang sa gobyerno nasyonal na makamit an mga target pangkapalibotan. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} pcc8ta2e5cqjexd8xkuk2zf4v41031d 0 56956 311866 2026-10-26T12:06:07Z Tertio3 33439 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329059571|Salomé (singer)]]" 311866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Rosa Marco Poquet''' ({{IPA|ca|məˈɾi.ə ˈrɔzə ˈmaɾku puˈkɛt}} ; pinangaki kan 21 Hunyo 1939), mas bistado siya sa saiyang pangaran sa entablado na '''Salomé''' ({{IPA|ca|səluˈme|lang}} ,{{IPA|es|saloˈme|lang}} ), saro siyang parakanta sa Espanya. Saro si Salome sa apat na mga nanggana sa Eurovision Song Contest 1969 sa kinanta niyang " Vivo cantando ". == Biograpiya == Nagpoon ang saiyang trabaho sa Radyo Barcelona. Poon kaidto, ipinadagos niya an saiyang trabaho sa musika na pinagsaro ini sa saiyang pagpapahiling sa telebisyon bilang hostess. Nagganap siya bilang opening act para ki [[Frank Sinatra]] . Kan 1963 nakarekord na siya nin labing kwarentang kanta para sa mga kompanya nin plaka na Iberofón asin Zafiro. Kan 1963 nanggana siya sa ika-5 na {{Lang|es|Festival de la Canción Mediterránea de Barcelona}} paligsahan sa musika sa saiyang kanta sa Catalan, " {{Lang|ca|Se'n va anar}} ". Pakalihis nin apat na taon, kan 1967, nanggana siya kan ikaduwang premyo sa ika-9 na {{Lang|es|Festival de la Canción Mediterránea de Barcelona}} sa saiyang kanta sa Catalan na " {{Lang|ca|Com el vent}} ". Nakipagkumpetensya man siya sa Festival de Valencia asin Festival del Duero kun saen siya an nanggana kan premyong pinakamatibay na parakanta. Kan 1969 nagpakasal sya ki Sebastián García. Nagrekord siya nin kadakol na kanta sa lingwahe nin Catalan asin Espanyol, an pinakapopular iyo an "Quinientas millas", "L'arbre", "Bésame mucho", "Com el vent", "L'emigrant", "Puedo morir mañana", "Isla del amor", asin "Esperaré". Tig representar nya ang Espanya sa Eurovision Song Contest 1969 sa Madrid sa kantang " {{Lang|es|[[Vivo cantando]]}} ", komposito ni María José Cerato na may liriko ni Aniano Alcalde. Naghiras siya kan enot na premyo ki Lulu ( United Kingdom ), Frida Boccara ( France ), asin Lenny Kuhr ( Netherlands ), an kasarusaruang pagkakataon sa kasaysayan kan paligsahan na an premyo nanggana nin labi sa sarong partisipante. Naresibe niya an premyo gikan sa nakaaging nanggana sa Eurovision, an Espanyol na parakanta na si Massiel . An saiyang bado pigdisenyo ni Manuel Pertegaz, ini may gabat na {{Convert|14|kg}} asin ini gibo sa saradit na tisa na asul na porselana na mga silindro na may sulot man na tolong {{Convert|1|kg}} mga kuwintas. Si Salomé nagrekord kan " {{Lang|es|Vivo cantando}} " sa walong tataramon (Espanyol, Catalan, Basque, Pranses, Aleman, Italyano, Ingles, asin Serbo-Croatian). == Mga Reperensya == {{Reflist}} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == * Salomé at IMDb * [http://www.diggiloo.net/?1969es Lyrics: "Vivo Cantando"] (as performed in the contest) {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{Succession box|title=[[:es:España en el Festival de la Canción de Intervisión|Spain in the Intervision Song Contest]]|years=[[:ru:Интервидение-1968|1968]]|before=—|after=[[José Vélez]]<br>with "Romántica"}} {{Succession box|before={{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Massiel]]<br>with "[[La La La (Massiel song)|La, la, la]]"|title=[[List of Eurovision Song Contest winners|Winner of the Eurovision Song Contest]]|years=[[Eurovision Song Contest 1969|1969]]<br><small>(tied with {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]], {{flagicon|France}} [[Frida Boccara]] & {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Lenny Kuhr]])</small>|after={{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Dana Rosemary Scallon|Dana]]<br>with "[[All Kinds of Everything]]"}} {{Succession box||before=[[Massiel]]<br>with "[[La La La (Massiel song)|La, la, la]]"|title=[[Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest]]|years=1969|after=[[Julio Iglesias]]<br>with "[[Gwendolyne]]"}} {{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Salome}} [[Kategorya:Articles with hCards]] skpdxo4cl0rxghpdj17scyd4uev184w 0 56957 311867 2026-10-26T12:22:10Z Maffeth.opiana 7662 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''Penélope Cruz Sánchez''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|k|ɹ|uː|z}} {{respell|KROOZ}}, {{IPA|es|peˈnelope ˈkɾuθ ˈsantʃeθ|lang|small=no}}.<ref>{{cite AV media| date = 19 December 2021 | title =Penélope Cruz: Mother, actress, and student of life | url =https://www.cbsnews.com/news/penelope-cruz-parallel-mothers-pedro-almodovar/ | access-date = 6 November 2023 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220101191555/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/penelope-cruz-p..." 311867 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Penélope Cruz Sánchez''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|k|ɹ|uː|z}} {{respell|KROOZ}}, {{IPA|es|peˈnelope ˈkɾuθ ˈsantʃeθ|lang|small=no}}.<ref>{{cite AV media| date = 19 December 2021 | title =Penélope Cruz: Mother, actress, and student of life | url =https://www.cbsnews.com/news/penelope-cruz-parallel-mothers-pedro-almodovar/ | access-date = 6 November 2023 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220101191555/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/penelope-cruz-parallel-mothers-pedro-almodovar/ | archive-date=1 January 2022 | time = 5min&nbsp;00s| publisher = [[CBS News]] }}</ref>}} (namundag kan 28 Abril 1974) sarong aktres na Espanyol na nagtutugtog sa [[Penélope Cruz filmography|mga pelikula]] sa tataramon na Espanyol asin Ingles. An saiyang [[List of awards and nominations received by Penélope Cruz|mga pag-omaw]] kabali an sarong [[Academy Award]], sarong [[BAFTA Award]], sarong [[Grammy Award]], tolong [[Goya Awards]] asin sarong [[David di Donatello]] . Si Cruz nagdebut sa pag-arte sa telebisyon sa edad na 16, asin an saiyang debut sa tampok na pelikula kan suminunod na taon sa ''[[Jamón Jamón]]'' (1992). An saiyang mga suminunod na papel kabali an ''[[Belle Époque (1992 film)|Belle Époque]]'' (1992), ''[[Open Your Eyes (1997 film)|Open Your Eyes]]'' (1997), ''[[Don Juan (1998 film)|Don Juan]]'' (1998), ''[[The Hi-Lo Country]]'' (1999), ''[[The Girl of Your Dreams]]'' (2000) asin ''[[Woman on Top]]'' (2000). Nagganap siya sa pitong pelikula na pigdirehiran ni [[Pedro Almodóvar]] : ''[[Live Flesh (film)|Live Flesh]]'' (1997), ''[[All About My Mother]]'' (1999), ''[[Volver]]'' (2006), ''[[Broken Embraces]]'' (2009), ''[[I'm So Excited!]]'' (2013), ''[[Pain and Glory]]'' (2019), asin ''[[Parallel Mothers]]'' (2021). Nagprodusir man siya nin nagkapirang pelikula na saiyang pigperform, kabali an ''[[Ma Ma (2015 film)|Ma Ma]]'' (2015) asin ''[[On the Fringe (film)|On the Fringe]]'' (2022). Para sa saiyang papel sa romantikong drama ni [[Woody Allen]] ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona|na Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' (2008), si Cruz nanggana kan [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Academy Award para sa Pinakamarahay na Supporting Actress]] . Siya man nominado para sa Academy Awards para sa ''Volver'' (2006), ''[[Nine (2009 live-action film)|Nine]]'' (2009), asin ''Parallel Mothers'' (2021). An iba pa niyang mga pelikula kabali an ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001), ''[[Blow (film)|Blow]]'' (2001), ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides]]'' (2011), ''[[Zoolander 2]]'' (2016), ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (2017 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' (2017), ''[[Everybody Knows (film)|Everybody Knows]]'' (2018), ''[[Official Competition]]'' (2022), ''[[L'immensità (film)|L'immens]]'' (2020), ''[[Ferrari (2023 film)|Ferritari]]'' (202020), ''[[The Invite|An Imbitasyon]]'' (2026) asin ''[[La bola negra]]'' (2026). Sa telebisyon, pigladawan niya [[Donatella Versace|si Donatella Versace]] sa [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] miniseries ''[[The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story|na The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story]]'' (2018), na kun saen nakaresibe siya nin nominasyon [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|sa Primetime Emmy Award]] . Si Cruz nagmodelo man para ki [[Mango (retailer)|Mango]], [[Ralph Lauren Corporation|Ralph Lauren]] asin [[L'Oréal]], asin nagdisenyo nin mga gubing para ki Mango kaiba an saiyang nguhod na tugang na babae na [[Mónica Cruz|si Mónica Cruz]] . Siya sarong [[brand ambassador]] para sa [[Chanel]] poon pa kan 2018. == Toltolan == j9802l600pa5et6rv61wjdlnm6n9o5g 0 56958 311868 2026-10-26T13:05:42Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''Batwoman''' sarong muknang-isip na ''superhero'' na pinapasali sa [[Estados Unidos|Amerikanong]] [[komiks]] publikado kan [[DC Comics]]. Si '''Katherine Rebecca "Kate" Kane''' sarong mayaman na heridora na nagin inspirasyon an ''superhero'' na si [[Batman]] saka pinili, siring niya, na itaya' an saiyang kayamanan asin kakayahan sa sarong kampanya sa paglaban sa [[krimen]] komo sarong nakamaskarang vigilante nakaestar sa saiyang harong sa syudad nin Go..." 311868 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Batwoman''' sarong muknang-isip na ''superhero'' na pinapasali sa [[Estados Unidos|Amerikanong]] [[komiks]] publikado kan [[DC Comics]]. Si '''Katherine Rebecca "Kate" Kane''' sarong mayaman na heridora na nagin inspirasyon an ''superhero'' na si [[Batman]] saka pinili, siring niya, na itaya' an saiyang kayamanan asin kakayahan sa sarong kampanya sa paglaban sa [[krimen]] komo sarong nakamaskarang vigilante nakaestar sa saiyang harong sa syudad nin [[Gotham]]. Ipina midbid an preenteng bersyon nin Batwoman kan 2006 sa ikapitong semana nin sarong-taon na pagpublikar kan semanal na komiks na ''52''. Ipinabisto komo siya si Kate Kane, nagpoon maghiro an bagong Batwoman sa Syudad nin Gotham sa pagkawara ni Batman matapos an mga pangyayari n ''crossover'' na ''Infinite Crisis'' (2005) an gabos na publikasyon kan kompanya. Isinurat an makabagong Batwoman bilang sarong [[Hudyo]] asin komo sarong [[lesbiyana]]. Kaidtong mpanahon nin New 52, naipamugtak na si Kate Kane komo pinsan ni Bruce Wayne, an tunay na katauhan ni Batman, asin siya an pamangkin kan ina ni Bruce na si Martha Wayne.<ref>''Batwoman'' #25 (Nobyembre 2013)</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Ang Batman}} [[Kategorya:Mga karakter nin DC Comics]] 6p50260dx4uhaaddfcm76dr3r4g9gic 311869 311868 2026-10-26T13:06:44Z Ringer 55 311869 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Batwoman''' sarong muknang-isip na ''superhero'' na pinapasali sa [[Estados Unidos|Amerikanong]] [[komiks]] publikado kan [[DC Comics]]. Si '''Katherine Rebecca "Kate" Kane''' sarong mayaman na heridora na nagin inspirasyon an ''superhero'' na si [[Batman]] saka pinili, siring niya, na itaya' an saiyang kayamanan asin kakayahan sa sarong kampanya sa paglaban sa [[krimen]] komo sarong nakamaskarang vigilante nakaestar sa saiyang harong sa syudad nin [[Gotham]]. Ipina midbid an preenteng bersyon nin Batwoman kan 2006 sa ikapitong semana nin sarong-taon na pagpublikar kan semanal na komiks na ''52''. Ipinabisto komo siya si Kate Kane, nagpoon maghiro an bagong Batwoman sa Syudad nin Gotham sa pagkawara ni Batman matapos an mga pangyayari n ''crossover'' na ''Infinite Crisis'' (2005) an gabos na publikasyon kan kompanya. Isinurat an makabagong Batwoman bilang sarong [[Hudyo]] asin komo sarong [[lesbiyana]]. Kaidtong mpanahon nin New 52, naipamugtak na si Kate Kane komo pinsan ni Bruce Wayne, an tunay na katauhan ni Batman, asin siya an pamangkin kan ina ni Bruce na si Martha Wayne.<ref>''Batwoman'' #25 (Nobyembre 2013)</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Ang Batman}} [[Kategorya:Mga karakter nin DC Comics]] [[en:Batwoman]] hwvghjx7s0dr4z35b5dw897yivesruh 0 56959 311875 2026-10-26T14:46:28Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining " {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient h..." 311875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal [[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]], [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot n in rong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] b9w34stbuphwozfcti7qqb6e9rwrx7j 311876 311875 2026-10-26T14:57:47Z Ringer 55 311876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] al2vmyjvu9c6n9vey101prcjn9462rv 311877 311876 2026-10-26T15:59:51Z Ringer 55 311877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] toxw92ijgho9g3e4zix2h8moo9hwjxl 311888 311877 2026-10-27T02:30:08Z Ringer 55 311888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 scrolls, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 scrolls, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 scrolls, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 scrolls, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 scrolls, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 scrolls, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] 9w57hgegu4kx48ru6ladyexmp66igaj 311900 311888 2026-10-27T03:21:45Z Ringer 55 311900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Description== ''Samguk sagi'' is critical to the study of Korean history during the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods. Not only because this work, and its Buddhist counterpart ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', are the only remaining Korean sources for the period, but also because the ''Samguk sagi'' contains a large amount of information and details. For example, the translation tables given in Books 35 and 36 have been used for a tentative reconstruction of the former [[Goguryeo language]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makakayoyogto."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 scrolls, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 scrolls, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 scrolls, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 scrolls, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 scrolls, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 scrolls, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] 1n3swgrhz7g1sbtvl5qnw5kdsiqr6go 311903 311900 2026-10-27T03:23:08Z Ringer 55 /* Likod-tanaw */ 311903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Description== ''Samguk sagi'' is critical to the study of Korean history during the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods. Not only because this work, and its Buddhist counterpart ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', are the only remaining Korean sources for the period, but also because the ''Samguk sagi'' contains a large amount of information and details. For example, the translation tables given in Books 35 and 36 have been used for a tentative reconstruction of the former [[Goguryeo language]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 scrolls, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 scrolls, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 scrolls, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 scrolls, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 scrolls, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 scrolls, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] hjmhye0avbzfqttk820mvnaw3re6dn7 311904 311903 2026-10-27T03:25:13Z Ringer 55 /* Napapalaman */ 311904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Description== ''Samguk sagi'' is critical to the study of Korean history during the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods. Not only because this work, and its Buddhist counterpart ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', are the only remaining Korean sources for the period, but also because the ''Samguk sagi'' contains a large amount of information and details. For example, the translation tables given in Books 35 and 36 have been used for a tentative reconstruction of the former [[Goguryeo language]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 iskrol, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 iskrol, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 iskrol, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 iskrol, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 iskrol, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 iskrol, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] 48mbase4aplqh53827varzcs5tm1ujv 311905 311904 2026-10-27T03:32:51Z Ringer 55 /* Description */ 311905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Deskrisyon== An ''Samguk sagi'' makahulogan na gayo sa pag'/adal kan historya nin Korea durante kan Tolong Kahadean asin mga peryodo nin Unidong Silla. Unified Silla. Bako sana na ining obra asin katambal na Buddhist na obra, an ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', iyo na sana nanggad an natatadang mga gugunuan Koreano para sa peryodong ini, kundi man huli ta an ''Samguk sagi'' naglalaman nin dakul asin hararom na mga impormasyon saka detalye. Halimbawa, an mga tabla pagpalis sa Libro 35 asin 36 ginaagmit na gayo sa pagsusog sa rekonstruksyon kan si dating [[Lenggwaheng Goguryeo]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 iskrol, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 iskrol, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 iskrol, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 iskrol, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 iskrol, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 iskrol, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] 54ckkm3udgw6s9ap8bn58zzimlpzujt 311906 311905 2026-10-27T03:33:08Z Ringer 55 /* Deskrisyon */ 311906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Deskripsyon== An ''Samguk sagi'' makahulogan na gayo sa pag'/adal kan historya nin Korea durante kan Tolong Kahadean asin mga peryodo nin Unidong Silla. Unified Silla. Bako sana na ining obra asin katambal na Buddhist na obra, an ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', iyo na sana nanggad an natatadang mga gugunuan Koreano para sa peryodong ini, kundi man huli ta an ''Samguk sagi'' naglalaman nin dakul asin hararom na mga impormasyon saka detalye. Halimbawa, an mga tabla pagpalis sa Libro 35 asin 36 ginaagmit na gayo sa pagsusog sa rekonstruksyon kan si dating [[Lenggwaheng Goguryeo]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 iskrol, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 iskrol, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 iskrol, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 iskrol, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 iskrol, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 iskrol, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] osubwmnl5tvw7jl9e8tejsruvr5u63j 311907 311906 2026-10-27T03:34:55Z Ringer 55 /* Deskripsyon */ 311907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga `may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) ansin hinaman kn sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]] pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Deskripsyon== An ''Samguk sagi'' makahulogan na gayo sa pag'/adal kan historya nin Korea durante kan Tolong Kahadean asin mga peryodo nin Unidong Silla. Bako sana na ining obra asin katambal na Buddhist na obra, an ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', iyo na sana nanggad an natatadang mga gugunuan Koreano para sa peryodong ini, kundi man huli ta an ''Samguk sagi'' naglalaman nin dakul asin hararom na mga impormasyon saka detalye. Halimbawa, an mga tabla pagpalis sa Libro 35 asin 36 ginagamit na gayo sa pagsusog sa rekonstruksyon kan si dating [[Lenggwaheng Goguryeo]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 iskrol, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 iskrol, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 iskrol, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 iskrol, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 iskrol, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 iskrol, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] cth5mwfoc7uhgpq5g9eqw8cutpiwre0 311908 311907 2026-10-27T03:40:03Z Ringer 55 311908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Natapos nahaman kan 1145, ini ising gayo sa Korea komo pinakasuanoy na nawawalat na saysay dapit sa historya nin Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga`may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) asin hinaman nin sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]]ng pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Deskripsyon== An ''Samguk sagi'' makahulogan na gayo sa pag'/adal kan historya nin Korea durante kan Tolong Kahadean asin mga peryodo nin Unidong Silla. Bako sana na ining obra asin katambal na Buddhist na obra, an ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', iyo na sana nanggad an natatadang mga gugunuan Koreano para sa peryodong ini, kundi man huli ta an ''Samguk sagi'' naglalaman nin dakul asin hararom na mga impormasyon saka detalye. Halimbawa, an mga tabla pagpalis sa Libro 35 asin 36 ginagamit na gayo sa pagsusog sa rekonstruksyon kan si dating [[Lenggwaheng Goguryeo]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 iskrol, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 iskrol, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 iskrol, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 iskrol, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 iskrol, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 iskrol, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]]12th-century history books]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] 4ir46ksfl4exedn9r4fn1dz6ffzmu82 311909 311908 2026-10-27T03:41:27Z Ringer 55 /* Toltolan */ 311909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | name = Samguk sagi | title_orig = 삼국사기 (三國史記) | translator = | image = Samguk.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = | author = [[Kim Pusik]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[Goryeo]] | language = [[Classical Chinese]] | series = | subject = [[History of Korea]] | genre = Ancient history | publisher = | release_date = 4 February 1146<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=高麗史 |wslink= 高麗史/卷十七|last= 鄭|first= 麟趾|authorlink= |date= 4 February 1146|publisher= |location= 高麗|page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref> | english_release_date = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto |child=yes |hangul=^삼국_사기 |hanja=三國史記 |lk=History of the Three Kingdoms }} }} An '''''Samguk sagi''''' ({{Korean|삼국사기|三國史記|lit='''''Historya nin Tolong Kahadean'''''}}) sarong rekord historikal ([[Tolong Kahadean nin Korea]]: [[Goguryeo]]), [[Baekje]], asin [[Silla]]. An kopyang ini makahulogan na gayo ta ini an enot na librong nadamot nin sarong gobyerno Koreano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samguk sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)|url=https://english.khs.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=0003220000200&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=SAMGUK+SAGI(HISTORY+OF+THE+THREE+KINGDOMS&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=|access-date=2026-07-19|series=Heritage Search|publisher=Korea Heritage Service}}</ref> Natapos nahaman kan 1145, ini ising gayo sa Korea komo pinakasuanoy na nawawalat na saysay dapit sa historya nin Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=보물 삼국사기 (三國史記) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 |url=https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=1_1_2_0&VdkVgwKey=12,05250000,37 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION |language=ko}}</ref> An ''Samguk sagi'' nasusurat sa [[Klasikal na Tsino]], an lenggwaheng literaryo kan mga`may-adal sa antigong Korea. An pagkadamot na ini ipigboot ni Hadeng [[Injong nin Goryeo]] (r. 1122–1146) asin hinaman nin sarong opisyal gobyerno na si [[Kim Pusik]] katuwang an arimpompon niyang mga iskolar. An dokumento nadigitize kan [[National Institute of Korean History]] asin makukua online na igwang [[Modernong Koreano]]ng pagpalis sa [[Hangul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=삼국사기|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sg&types=o|website=한국사 데이터베이스|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> === Ginikanan kan teksto === An ''Samguk sagi'' sinurat nakabatay sa ''[[Gu Samguksa]]'' (舊三國史, Lumang Historya kan Tolong Kahadean), asin iba pang mga mas amay na rekord historikal arog kan ''[[Hwarang Segi]]'' (花郞世記, Annals of Hwarang), na kadaklan mayo naman makukua sa ngonyan. Dapit sa eksternal na ginunuan, mayong tinumoy sa mga Hapones na mga kasuratan, arog kan ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) o an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720), mga saysay dapit sa Hapon. Posible si Kim Busik dai isi an mga ini o tuyong habong magguno igdi sa mga Hapones na kasuratan. Sa kabaliktaran, siya parati nagguguno sa Tsinong dinastiyang kasaysayan asin maski pa hale sa bakong opisyal na mga rekord Tsino, na urog sa prominenteng ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (280–290), ''[[Book of Wei]]'' (554), ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (648), ''[[Old Book of Tang]]'' (945), ''[[New Book of Tang]]'' (1060), asin an ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' (1084).<ref name="Samguk Sagi">{{cite book |last=Busik |first=Kim |title=Samguk Sagi |date=1145}}</ref> ==Deskripsyon== An ''Samguk sagi'' makahulogan na gayo sa pag'/adal kan historya nin Korea durante kan Tolong Kahadean asin mga peryodo nin Unidong Silla. Bako sana na ining obra asin katambal na Buddhist na obra, an ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', iyo na sana nanggad an natatadang mga gugunuan Koreano para sa peryodong ini, kundi man huli ta an ''Samguk sagi'' naglalaman nin dakul asin hararom na mga impormasyon saka detalye. Halimbawa, an mga tabla pagpalis sa Libro 35 asin 36 ginagamit na gayo sa pagsusog sa rekonstruksyon kan si dating [[Lenggwaheng Goguryeo]].<ref>{{harvnb|Beckwith|2007}}</ref> === Likod-tanaw === May mga iba-ibang sarahotan nagsonson sa pagdamot kan ''Samguk sagi'' kan ika-12ng siglo. Ini pwede ipalaen sa duwang kategoriya: ideolohikal asin politikal. An sarahotan ideolohikal tolos maririraw sa mga paenot na sambit sinurat ni Kim Busik, kun saen ining historyador sibil nagtaram, <blockquote>"Sa mga iskolar ngonyan asin mga halangkaw na opisyales, igwa igdi na may hustong kabatiran asin madaling diskutiron detalyado an [[Limang Klasiko]] asin ibang mga treatise sa pilosopiya... patin na mga kasaysayan dapit sa [[Dinastiya Qin|Qin]] asin [[Dinastiya Han|Han]], alagad manongod sa mga pangyayari sa presente sa satong nasyon, sinda makuring banol poon sa kapino'nan asin abot katapusan. Nanggad, ini tunay na makayoyogto'."<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1992|p=464}}</ref></blockquote> ==Napapalaman== An ''Samguk sagi'' nababanga' sa 50 libro. Dati ini nasusurat sa mga scroll ({{Korean|hangul=권|hanja=卷|labels=no}}). Ini nalilista sa mga minasunod: ===Rekord ni Silla=== 12 iskrol, Nagi/Silla bongi, 나기/신라 본기, 羅紀/新羅本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Silla's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+Sagi#409|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926175602/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=409&highlight=samguk+sagi#409|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷01|Book 01]]. '''Geoseogan''' [[Hyeokgeose of Silla|Hyeokgeose]], '''Chachaung''' [[Namhae of Silla|Namhae]], '''Isageum''' [[Yuri of Silla|Yuri]], [[Talhae of Silla|Talhae]], [[Pasa of Silla|Pasa]], [[Jima of Silla|Jima]], [[Ilseong of Silla|Ilseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷02|Book 02]]. '''Isageum''' [[Adalla of Silla|Adalla]], [[Beolhyu of Silla|Beolhyu]], [[Naehae of Silla|Naehae]], [[Jobun of Silla|Jobun]], [[Cheomhae of Silla|Cheomhae]], [[Michu of Silla|Michu]], [[Yurye of Silla|Yurye]], [[Girim of Silla|Girim]], [[Heulhae of Silla|Heulhae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷03|Book 03]]. '''Isageum''' [[Naemul of Silla|Naemul]], [[Silseong of Silla|Silseong]], '''Maripgan '''[[Nulji of Silla|Nulji]], [[Jabi of Silla|Jabi]], [[Soji of Silla|Soji]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷04|Book 04]]. '''Maripgan''' [[Jijeung of Silla|Jijeung]], '''King''' [[Beopheung of Silla|Beopheung]], [[Jinheung of Silla|Jinheung]], [[Jinji of Silla|Jinji]], [[Jinpyeong of Silla|Jinpyeong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷05|Book 05]]. '''Queen''' [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]], [[Jindeok of Silla|Jindeok]], '''King''' [[Muyeol of Silla|Taejong Muyeol]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷06|Book 06]]. '''King''' [[Munmu of Silla|Munmu]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷07|Book 07]]. King Munmu - Part Two :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷08|Book 08]]. '''King''' [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]], [[Hyoso of Silla|Hyoso]], [[King Seongdeok of Silla|Seongdeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷09|Book 09]]. '''King''' [[Hyoseong of Silla|Hyoseong]], [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]], [[Hyegong of Silla|Hyegong]], [[King Seondeok of Silla|Seondeok]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷10|Book 10]]. '''King''' [[Wonseong of Silla|Wonseong]], [[Soseong of Silla|Soseong]], [[Aejang of Silla|Aejang]], [[Heondeok of Silla|Heondeok]], [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]], [[Huigang of Silla|Huigang]], [[Minae of Silla|Minae]], [[Sinmu of Silla|Sinmu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷11|Book 11]]. '''King''' [[Munseong of Silla|Munseong]], [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], [[Gyeongmun of Silla|Gyeongmun]], [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], [[Jeonggang of Silla|Jeonggang]], '''Queen''' [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷12|Book 12]]. '''King''' [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], [[Sindeok of Silla|Sindeok]], [[Gyeongmyeong of Silla|Gyeongmyeong]], [[Gyeongae of Silla|Gyeongae]], [[Gyeongsun of Silla|Gyeongsun]] ===Rekord ni Goguryeo=== 10 iskrol, Yeogi/Goguryeo bongi, 여기/고구려 본기, 麗紀/高句麗本紀.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOC of Goguryeo's Records|author=Societas Koreana|url=https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+Sagi#407|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072851/https://societas.aks.ac.kr:50475/english/viewtopic.php?p=407&highlight=samguk+sagi#407|url-status=dead}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷13|Book 13]]. '''Sage King''' [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], '''Bright King''' [[Yuri of Goguryeo|Yuri]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷14|Book 14]]. '''King''' [[Daemusin of Goguryeo|Daemusin]], [[Minjung of Goguryeo|Minjung]], [[Mobon of Goguryeo|Mobon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷15|Book 15]]. '''Great King''' [[Taejo of Goguryeo|Taejo]], '''King''' [[Chadae of Goguryeo|Chadae]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷16|Book 16]]. '''King''' [[Sindae of Goguryeo|Sindae]], [[Gogukcheon of Goguryeo|Gogukcheon]], [[Sansang of Goguryeo|Sansang]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷17|Book 17]]. '''King''' [[Dongcheon of Goguryeo|Dongcheon]], [[Jungcheon of Goguryeo|Jungcheon]], [[Seocheon of Goguryeo|Seocheon]], [[Bongsang of Goguryeo|Bongsang]], [[Micheon of Goguryeo|Micheon]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷18|Book 18]]. '''King''' [[Gogukwon of Goguryeo|Gogukwon]], [[Sosurim of Goguryeo|Sosurim]], [[Gogugyang of Goguryeo|Gogugyang]], [[Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo|Gwanggaeto]], [[Jangsu of Goguryeo|Jangsu]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷19|Book 19]]. '''Illustrious King''' [[Munjamyeong of Goguryeo|Munja]], '''King''' [[Anjang of Goguryeo|Anjang]], [[Anwon of Goguryeo|Anwon]], [[Yangwon of Goguryeo|Yangwon]], [[Pyeongwon of Goguryeo|Pyeongwon]], :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷20|Book 20]]. '''King''' [[Yeongyang of Goguryeo|Yeongyang]], [[Yeongnyu of Goguryeo|Yeongnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷21|Book 21]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part One :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷22|Book 22]]. '''King''' [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] - Part Two ===Rekord ni Baekje=== 6 iskrol, Jegi/Baekje bongi, 제기/백제 본기, 濟紀/百濟本紀.<ref>{{cite web|author=HARVARD|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674019577&content=toc|title=TOC of Baekje's Records}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷23|Book 23]]. '''King''' [[Onjo of Baekje|Onjo]] (Dynastic Founder), [[Daru of Baekje|Daru]], [[Giru of Baekje|Giru]], [[Gaeru of Baekje|Gaeru]], [[Chogo of Baekje|Chogo]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷24|Book 24]]. '''King''' [[Gusu of Baekje|Gusu]], [[Saban of Baekje|Saban]], [[Goi of Baekje|Goi]], [[Chaekgye of Baekje|Chaekgye]], [[Bunseo of Baekje|Bunseo]], [[Biryu of Baekje|Biryu]], [[Gye of Baekje|Gye]], [[Geunchogo of Baekje|Geunchogo]], [[Geungusu of Baekje|Geungusu]], [[Chimnyu of Baekje|Chimnyu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷25|Book 25]]. '''King''' [[Jinsa of Baekje|Jinsa]], [[Asin of Baekje|Asin]], [[Jeonji of Baekje|Jeonji]], [[Guisin of Baekje|Guisin]], [[Biyu of Baekje|Biyu]], [[Gaero of Baekje|Gaero]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷26|Book 26]]. '''King''' [[Munju of Baekje|Munju]], [[Samgeun of Baekje|Samgeun]], [[Dongseong of Baekje|Dongseong]], [[Muryeong of Baekje|Muryeong]], [[Seong of Baekje|Seong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷27|Book 27]]. '''King''' [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]], [[Hye of Baekje|Hye]], [[Beop of Baekje|Beop]], [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷28|Book 28]]. '''King''' [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] ===Tabla kronolohikal=== 3 iskrol, Yeonpyo, 연표, 年表. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷29|Book 29]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷30|Book 30]]. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷31|Book 31]]. ===Monograpo=== 9 iskrol, Ji, 지, 志.<ref>{{harvnb|Shultz|2004|p=3}}</ref> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷32|Book 32]]. Rites and music :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷33|Book 33]]. Vehicles, clothing, and dwellings :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷34|Book 34]]. Geography of Silla (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷35|Book 35]]. Geography of Silla (2): Former territory of Goguryeo :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷36|Book 36]]. Geography of Silla (3): Former territory of Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷37|Book 37]]. Geography of Goguryeo and Baekje :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷38|Book 38]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷39|Book 39]]. Silla government offices. :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷40|Book 40]]. Silla government offices. ===Mga Biograpiya=== 10 iskrol, Yeoljeon, 열전, 列傳.<ref>{{harvnb|Lowensteinova|2012|p=4}}</ref> <!-- 52 items of various length. Brave soldiers, filial son, filial daughter, faithfull wife, scholar prototypes, brave soldiers, 1+0+0+10+10+3+13+11+2+2=52 --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷41|Book 41]]. [[Kim Yusin]] (1) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷42|Book 42]]. Kim Yusin (2) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷43|Book 43]]. Kim Yusin (3) :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷44|Book 44]]. [[Ŭlchi Mundŏk]] 을지문덕, Geochilbu [[:ko:김거칠부|김거칠부]], Geodo [[:ko:거도|거도]], [[Yi Sabu]] 이사부, [[Kim Immun]] 김인문, [[Kim Yang]] 김양, [[Heukchi Sangji]] 흑치상지, [[Chang Pogo]] 장보고, Jeong Nyeon 정년, Prince Sadaham 사다함공 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷45|Book 45]]. [[Ŭl P'aso]] 을파소, Kim Hujik [[:ko:김후직|김후직]], [nog zhēn] 祿真, Milu [[:ko:밀우|밀우]], Nyuyu [[:ko:유유 (고구려)|유유]] 纽由, [[Myeongnim Dap-bu]] 명림답부, Seok Uro [[:ko:석우로|석우로]], Park Jesang [[:ko:박제상|박제상]], Gwisan [[:ko:귀산,|귀산]], [[Ondal (Goguryeo)|Ondal]] 온달 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷46|Book 46]]. '''Scholars'''. Kangsu [[:ko:강수 (신라)|강수]], [[Ch'oe Ch'iwŏn]], [[Seol Chong]] :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷47|Book 47]]. '''Hwarangs'''. Haenon [[:ko:해론|해론]], Sona [[:ko:소나 (신라)|소나]], Chwido 취도(驟徒), Nulchoi [[:ko:눌최|눌최]], Seol Gyedu [[:ko:설계두|설계두]], Kim Ryeong-yun 김영윤(金令胤), Gwanchang [[:ko:관창|관창]], Kim Heum-un [[:ko:김흠운|김흠운]], Yeolgi 열기(裂起), Binyeongja 비령자(丕寧子), Jukjuk [[:ko:죽죽|죽죽]], Pilbu 필부(匹夫), [[Gyebaek]] 계백 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷48|Book 48]]. '''Meritorious'''. Hyangdeok (son), Seonggak (son), Silhye 실혜 (實兮) (poet), Mulgyeja 물계자 (soldier), Teacher Baekgyeol [[:ko:백결 선생|백결 선생]] (music), Prince Kim [[:ko:검군|검군]], Kim Saeng [[:ko:김생|김생]] (calligrapher) and Yo Gukil, Solgeo [[:ko:솔거|솔거]] (painter), Chiun (daughter), Seolssi (daughter), Domi (wife).<ref>{{harvnb| Byington|1992|pp=71–81}}</ref> <!-- all from Silla, except the last two --> :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷49|Book 49]]. '''Overthrows'''. [[Ch'ang Chori]] 창조리, [[Yŏn Kaesomun]] 연개소문 :[[:s:zh:三國史記/卷50|Book 50]]. '''Later Kings'''. [[Kung Ye]] 궁예, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] 견훤 ==Toltolan== [[Kategorya:Mga ika-12ng siglong mga historikal na libro]] [[Kategorya:Ika-12ng siglong mga libro sa historya]] [[Kategorya:Mga libro sa historya dapit sa Korea]] [[Kategorya:Mga trabaho kan banwang Goryeo]] [[en:Samguk sagi]] jz1i59bq8lp1mwuel9d2q27qcta7pi5 0 56960 311890 2026-10-27T02:54:24Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380365885|Breast milk]]" 311890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Human_Breastmilk_-_Foremilk_and_Hindmilk.png|thumb|Two samples of human breast milk. The sample on the left is the first milk produced by the mother, while the sample on the right was produced later during the same breast pumping cycle.]] '''Breast milk''' (sometimes spelled as '''breastmilk''') or '''mother's milk''' is [[milk]] produced by the [[mammary glands]] in the [[breasts]] of humans. Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborn [[infants]], comprising fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and a varying composition of minerals and vitamins. Breast milk also contains substances that help protect an infant against infection and inflammation, such as [[Human milk microbiome|symbiotic bacteria and other microorganisms]] and [[immunoglobulin A]], whilst also contributing to the healthy development of the infant's [[immune system]] and [[gut microbiome]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Australian Breastfeeding|date=2017-07-03|title=Breastmilk composition|url=https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Australian Breastfeeding Association|archive-date=2021-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119061906/https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition|url-status=live}}</ref> ixcphr6hrtgtx5av9bs8mvhckk0cldz 311891 311890 2026-10-27T02:58:15Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Human_Breastmilk_-_Foremilk_and_Hindmilk.png|thumb|Two samples of human breast milk. The sample on the left is the first milk produced by the mother, while the sample on the right was produced later during the same breast pumping cycle.]] An '''gatas nin suso''' o '''gatas nin ina''' iyo an [[gatas]] na prinodusir kan [[mammary glands]] sa [[suso]] nin tawo. Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborn [[infants]], comprising fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and a varying composition of minerals and vitamins. Breast milk also contains substances that help protect an infant against infection and inflammation, siring kan [[Human milk microbiome|symbiotic bacteria asin iba pang mikroorganismo]] asin [[immunoglobulin A]], mantang nagkokontribwir man sa mabaskog na development kan [[immune system]] asin [[gut microbiome]] nin sarong umboy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Australian Breastfeeding|date=2017-07-03|title=Breastmilk composition|url=https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Australian Breastfeeding Association|archive-date=2021-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119061906/https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} jz4309evq1q0qdso67eidc3vde7cr86 311892 311891 2026-10-27T03:03:20Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 311892 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Human_Breastmilk_-_Foremilk_and_Hindmilk.png|thumb|Duwang sampol nin gatas nin suso nin tawo. An sampol sa wala iyo an enot na gatas na prinodusir kan ina, mantang an sampol sa tuo prinodusir sa huri durante kan parehong siklo nin pagpasuso.]] An '''gatas nin suso''' o '''gatas nin ina''' iyo an [[gatas]] na prinodusir kan [[mammary glands]] sa [[suso]] nin tawo. An gatas nin suso iyo an pangenot na gunuan nin nutrisyon para sa bagong mundag na [[umboy]], kompwesto nin mga taba, protina, carbohydrates, asin manlainlain na komposisyon nin mineral asin bitamina. Igwa man nin sustansya an gatas nin ina tanganing maprotektaran an umboy tumang sa impeksyon asin paghubag, siring kan [[Human milk microbiome|symbiotic bacteria asin iba pang mikroorganismo]] asin [[immunoglobulin A]], mantang nagkokontribwir man sa mabaskog na development kan [[immune system]] asin [[gut microbiome]] nin sarong umboy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Australian Breastfeeding|date=2017-07-03|title=Breastmilk composition|url=https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Australian Breastfeeding Association|archive-date=2021-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119061906/https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} blqfi5kp0jz59tuqhu4jbcuiw5hu8uu