विकिपीडिया bhwiki https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपीडिया विकिपीडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता टेम्पलेट टेम्पलेट वार्ता मदद मदद वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2061 814324 773288 2026-11-07T05:35:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिलिकॉन''' एक तत्त्व बा। {{पीरियॉडिक टेबल (32 कॉलम, संछेप)}} [[श्रेणी:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:रासायनिक तत्व]] 9rci0i4wrevk7qch7gqh7f9scj8nqde 0 2081 814430 773289 2026-11-07T07:48:31Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सेलीनियम''' एक तत्त्व बा। {{पीरियॉडिक टेबल (32 कॉलम, संछेप)}} [[श्रेणी:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:रासायनिक तत्व]] {{Chem-stub}} piv2frb9lzwug8rp2gawxhx72fshmf1 0 4340 814047 679389 2026-11-06T13:41:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संघ राज्य क्षेत्र''' या '''केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश''' भारत के एगो अइसन राजनीतिक आ प्रशासनिक इकाई हवे जे सीधे [[भारत सरकार|संघ सरकार]] के द्वारा गवर्न होला। वर्तमान समय में भारत में आठ गो अईसन संघ राज्यक्षेत्र बाड़ें: * [[अंडमान आ निकोबार दीप]] * [[चंडीगढ़]] * [[जम्मू काश्मीर]] * [[दादरा अउरी नगर हवेली आ दमन अउरी दीव]] * [[दिल्ली]] (National Capital Territory of Delhi) * [[पांडिचेरी]] * [[लक्षदीप]] * [[लद्दाख]] ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} {{India}} [[श्रेणी:भारत]] {{India-stub}} 1k2mrare48el4o39searu5g7y2amuko 0 4987 814330 768910 2026-11-07T05:36:07Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other|सिवान (बहुअर्थी)}} {{India Districts |Name = सिवान |State = बिहार |Division = [[सारन प्रमंडल]] |HQ = सिवान |Map = Bihar district location map Siwan.svg |Area = 2219 |Rain = |Population = 3,318,176 |Urban = |Year = 2011 |Density = 1495 |Literacy = 71.59 प्रतिशत |Member of Parliament= |SexRatio = 984 |Tehsils = |LokSabha = |Assembly = |Highways = [[नेशनल हाइवे 85 (भारत)|NH 85]] |Website = http://siwan.bih.nic.in/ |Siwan News = http://siwanonline.com/ }} '''सिवान जिला''' [[भारत]] के राज्य [[बिहार]] के कइयन जिला में से एक ह। [[सिवान]] शहर सिवान जिला के शासकिय मुख्यालय ह। 1972 से सिवान जिला [[सारण प्रमंडल]] के हिस्सा बा। सिवान जिला विशेष रूप से स्वतंत्र भारत के प्रथम [[राष्ट्रपति]] [[राजेन्द्र प्रसाद]] खातिर जानल जाला जे एही जिला की गाँव जीरादेई से ताल्लुक रखत रहनी ह।<ref>{{cite web|author=Dr Rajendra Prasad |url=http://siwan.bih.nic.in/ |title=District Siwan, Government Of Bihar &#124; India |publisher=Siwan.bih.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2020-04-10}}</ref> इ जिला '''अलीगंज सावन''' के नाम से भी जानल जायेला जौन ''अली बख्श'' के नाम के बाद पड़ल। ==इतिहास== सिवान जिला राज्य में उत्तरी-पश्चिम क्षेत्र में स्थित बा, इ पहिले मूलतः [[सारण जिला]] के उप-मण्डल रहल, जौन प्राचीन काल में [[कोसल|कोसल राजतंत्र]] के हिस्सा रहल।<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |url=http://siwan.bih.nic.in/District_Profile.aspx |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2014-07-07 |archive-date=2015-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717101742/http://siwan.bih.nic.in/District_Profile.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> सिवान पूर्ण रूप से तब जिला बन के सामने आइल जब इ के 1976 में सारण जिला से काट के अलग करल गइल।<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> सिवान नाम के मतलब होला - अंतिम किनारा। नेपाल के सीमावर्ती क्षेत्र कारण सिवान नाम परल हाल में भइल एगो खुदाई में अहिजा के एगो गाँव भेरबनिया में एगो पेड़ के निचे मिलल [[भगवान विष्णु]] के मूर्ति से इ साबित होत बा कि अहिजा भगवान विष्णु के माने वाला लोग बहुत अधिक संख्या में रहलें।इस्वी के शुरूआत से इ क्षेत्र के राजा बघोचिया भूमिहार रहलन, जिनकर साम्राज्य (बघोच साम्राज्य) पूर्वांचल समेत आज के छपरा, सिवान आउर गोपालगंज जिले पर कायम रहे। बघोच साम्राज्य का बाद कल्याण पुर राज भइल, ओकरा बाद हुस्सेपुर राज्य कायम भइल। ऐजा के लोग आपन लगान इहे राजा के देहत रहे। ओकरा बाद अंगरेजन के अइला का बाद एजा के 99 वीं पीढी के राजा फतेह बहादुर शाही सन 1767 इस्वी में अंग्रेजन से लड़ गऐलन आउर तत्कालीन हुस्सेपुर राज्य के पतन हो गइल। बाद में ऊहे राजपरिवार के लोग हथुआ आउर तमकुही नाम के दू गो अलग-अलग राज बनवले जवन अभी तक कायम बा। इ नेपाल के सीमा के करीब होखला के चलते भी इ सिमान चाहे सिवान कहल <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/this-week-bihar/1118304/ |title=This week: Bihar |publisher=Indian Express |date=2013-05-21 |accessdate=2020-04-10}}</ref> सिवान 8 वीं शताब्दी में [[बनारस राज]] के हिस्सा रहल। [[मुस्लिम]] अहिजा 13 वीं शताब्दी में अईले। [[सिकंदर लोदी]] 15 वीं शताब्दी में आपन अधिन कइले। [[बाबर]] जब यात्रा से लौटत रहलें तब सिसवां के भिरी [[घाघरा नदी]] पार कइले। 17 वीं शताब्दी के अंत में [[डच]] अहिजा [[अंग्रेज]] के पीछा करत करत आइल रहलें जा। 1765 के [[बक्सर के लड़ाई]] के बाद इ क्षेत्र [[बंगाल]] के एगो हिस्सा बन के रह गइल। सन् 1767 इस्वी में एजा के राजा फतेह बहादुर शाही अंगरेजन के चुनौती दिहलन। तेईस वर्ष तक लगातार छापामार युद्ध लड़के अंग्रेजन के नुक़सान पहुचवलन। 1857 के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में सिवान एगो अहम भूमिका निभइले रहे। इ दिग्गज आ बरियार '''भोज-पूरीयन''' खातिर भी प्रसिद्ध बा, जे हमेशा आपन मार्शल भावना आ शारीरक सहन शक्ति खातिर उल्लेखिल कइल जात रहले जा आ जहाँ से सेना आ पुलिस कर्मी लोग बड़ी मात्रा में ट्रेनिंग लेके भर्ती होत रहलें जा। इस क्षेत्र में बहुत सारे स्वतंत्रता सेनानी भइल जवन यादव, कुर्मी, भूमिहार, बनिया, मुसलमान, पासी आउर नोनिया जाति के रहलन।<ref name="autogenerated1"/> === इतिहासी स्थान === ;कोरारा मैरवा ब्लॉक के एक गावँ, जौन मैरवा धाम से 2 किमी दक्षिण में स्थित बा। इहाँ सिवान के प्रथम साईं मंदिर बा जौन भगवान शिव आ माता दुर्गा के सटले बा। अहिजा हर साल अगस्त में वार्षिकोत्सव मनावल जायेला। ;दोन [[दरौली]] ब्लॉक में एगो गाँव बा, जहाँ एगो किला के अवशेष बचल बा, कहल जयेला की इ का संबंध महाभारत के प्रसिद्ध पात्र आचार्य द्रोणाचार्य से बा जे कौरव आ पांडव दुनो के गुरु रहनी। दोन के स्तूप तनिक कम प्रसिद्ध बा लेकिन बुद्ध धर्मावलम्बियन खातिर महत्वपूर्ण तीर्थ बा। बुद्ध धर्मावलम्बी ह्यून त्सांग एक पुस्तक में उल्लेख करते हुए लिखले बानी की जब उहाँ के भारत यात्रा पर आइल रहनी त दोन में भी पधारले रहनी। वर्तमान में दोन में एगो छोट हरियाली युक्त पहाड़ बा, जेकरा ऊपर एगो हिन्दू मंदिर बा, जहाँ देवी तारा के एगो सुन्दर मूर्ति स्थापित बा, जिनके हिन्दू देवी के रूप में पूजा कइल जयेला। इ मूर्ति के 9 वीं शताब्दी में ढालल गइल रहल। ;महाराजगंज महाराजगंज नगर के स्थापना सारण के शासक हथुआ महाराज (बघोचिया भूमिहार) के द्वारा सन् १८३६ इस्वी में भइल रहे। जौन अब इ ब्लॉक के मुख्यालय ह, बस्नौली गंगर के नाम से भी जानल जयेला। इ जिला के सबसे बड़ बाजार के रूप में बा। इहे उ जगह ह जहाँ से स्वतंत्रता सेनानी श्री फुलेना प्रसाद भारतीय स्वतंत्रता खातिर लड़ले रहनी, एही भूमि पर उहाँ के आपन रणनीति तैयार कर के अंग्रेजन के साथ लड़ल रहनी। ;महेन्द्रनाथ सिसवां ब्लॉक में एगो गाँव बा जौन महेन्द्रनाथ या मेंहदार नाम से जानल जयेला। अहिजा भगवान शिव आ विश्वकर्मा जी के मंदिर स्थित बा जहाँ बड़ी संख्या में भक्तजन लोग शिवरात्रि आ विश्वकर्मा दिवस के दिन दर्शन खातिर जायेला। इ आपन मंदिर खातिर प्रसिद्ध बा जहाँ 52 बीघा में एगो पोखर बा। कहल जायेला की नेपाल के राजा महेंद्र के कोढ़ फूटल रहे आ उ आपन एगो यात्रा के दौरान अहिजा से गुजरत रहलन। यात्रा के दौरान उ अहिजा एगो छोट गड्ढा में थोडा सा कीचड़युक्त पानी छुवले आ उनकर कोढ़ खत्म हो गइल जे से खुश होके उ अहिजा शिव के मंदिर बनवइले आ उ छोट गड्ढा के बहुत बड़ पोखर में परिवर्तन करवइले। एही से इ जगह के महेन्द्रनाथ कहाय लागल। गाँव के लोग इ के मेहदार कहे लागल। ;भीखाबांध महाराजगंज ब्लॉक में एगो गाँव बा, जहाँ एगो खुब बड़हन पेड़ बा, ओ पेड़ के नीचे भैया-बहिनी मंदिर स्थित बा। कहल जायेला की इ भाई आ बहिन 14 वीं शताब्दी में मुग़ल सिपाही से लड़ गइल रहे लोग आ लड़ाई करत करत दुनो भाई बहिन के अहिजा मृत्यु हो गइल रहल। <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://siwan.bih.nic.in/HistoricalPlaces1.htm |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2014-07-08 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102081948/http://siwan.bih.nic.in/HistoricalPlaces1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ;सोहागरा गुठनी ब्लॉक में एगो जगह बा, ओहिजा भगवान शिव (हंसनाथ बाबा) के एगो प्रसिद्ध मंदिर बा, सिवान मुख्यालय से 40&nbsp;किमी दुरी पर बा इ मंदिर जौन [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[देवरिया जिला]] के सीमा पर पड़ेला।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5aCmnNg_WE |title=Bihar Sohagara [Siwan |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2020-04-10}}</ref> ==भूगोल== सिवान जिला के क्षेत्रफल 2219 km2 बा,<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> तुलनात्मक रूप में देखल जाव त रूस के विलजेक लैंड के बराबर बा।<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Wilczek Land2,203km2 | archive-date = 2018-02-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180220003634/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> सिवान जिला उत्तरी [[गंगा]] के मैदान में स्थित एक समतल भू-भाग ह। जिला के विस्तार 25⁰53' से 26⁰ 23' उत्तरी अक्षांस तथा 84⁰ 1' से 84⁰ 47' पूर्वी देशांतर के बीच बा। नदियन द्वारा जमा करल गइल माटी की गहराई 5000 फीट तक बा। मैदानी भाग का ढाल उत्तर-पश्चिम से दक्षिण-पूर्व की ओर बा। निचला मैदान में जलजमाव के कई गो क्षेत्र बा जौन ''चौर'' कहल जायेला। अहिजा से कई गो छोट नदी या 'सोता' भी निकलेला। मुख्य नदी [[घाघरा]] बा जेके किनारे ''दरारा'' निर्मित बा। इ खास भूगोलीय बनावट में बालू के मोट परत पर मृत्रिका आ सिल्ट की पतली परत पावल जायेला। सिवान की माटी खादर (नयी जलोढ) एवं बांगर (पुरानी जलोढ) के बीच की ह। खादर माटी के अहिजा ''दोमट'' तथा बांगर के ''बलसुंदरी'' कहल जायेला। बलसुंदरी माटी में कंकर की मात्रा पावल जायेला। कई जगहन पर गंधकयुक्त माटी मिलेला जहाँ से कभी साल्टपीटर निकालल जात रहल। अंग्रेजी शासन में अहिजा इ के उद्योग होखल करत रहल लेकिन अब इ गायब हो चुकल बा। <ref>[http://siwan.bih.nic.in/Geographical.aspx] सिवान का भूगोल</ref> * '''नदियाँ''': गंडकी एवं घाघरा अहिजा के प्रमुख नदी ह। घाघरा नदी जिला की दक्षिणी सीमा पर बहे वाली सदावाही नदी ह। इ के अलावा झरही, दाहा, धमती, सिआही, निकारी आ सोना जैसन छोट नदियाँ कुलों बा। झरही आ दाहा [[घाघरा]] के सहायक ह जबकि गंडकी आ धमती गंडक में जा मिलेले। ;जलवायु: सिवान में [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] आ [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के बीच की जलवायु पावल जायेला। मार्च से मई के बीच अहिजा चलेवालि पछुआ पवनन के चलते मौसम शुष्क रहेला लेकिन कई बार शाम में चलेवाली पुरवाई हवा आर्द्रता ले आवेला जे से उत्तर प्रदेश से चले वाली धूलभरल आँधी के विराम लग जायेला। गर्मियन में तापमान 40 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक पहुँच जायेला आ [[लू]] के चलना इ दिनन साधारण बात बा। जाड़ के मौसम सुहावना होखेला किंतु कई बार ''शीत लहर'' का प्रकोप भी रहेला। जुलाई-अगस्त में होखे वाला मॉनसूनी वर्षा के अलावे पश्चिमी अवदाब से जाड़ा में भी बारिस होखल सामान्य बात बा। औसत वार्षिक वर्षा 120 सेंटीमीटर होखेला। ==प्रशासनिक विभाग== सिवान जिला 2 अनुमंडल अउर 19 प्रखंड में बँटल बा। एगो प्रखंड में बहुतेरे गाँव या एगो नगरपालिका हो सकत बा। 19 ओ प्रखंड में मिला के 1528 गांव आ 3 गो नगरपालिका बाड़ी सन। ===अनुमंडल अउर ब्लॉक=== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !अनुमंडल !ब्लॉक !क्षेत्रफल (किमी²) !जनसंख्या (2011) |- !2 !19 !2,219 !33,30,464 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[सिवान (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|सिवान]]||137.34||3,40,983 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[आन्दर (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|आन्दर]]||120.41||1,10,027 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[बड़हरिया (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|बड़हरिया]]||177.27||3,21,292 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[दरौली (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|दरौली]]||172.80||1,74,357 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[गुठनी (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|गुठनी]]||91.70||1,28,155 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[हसनपुरा (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|हसनपुरा]]||96.56||1,49,580 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[हुसैनगंज (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|हुसैनगंज]]||85.37||1,82,794 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[मैरवा (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|मैरवा]]||69.17||1,13,499 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[नौतन (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|नौतन]]||65.39||90,714 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[पँचरुखी (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|सिवान]]||124.33||2,01,759 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[रघुनाथपुर (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|रघुनाथपुर]]||156.03||1,57,694 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[सिसवाँ (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|सिसवाँ]]||115.78||1,53,953 |- |[[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]]||[[जीरादेई (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|जीरादेई]]||124.03||1,63,752 |- |[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (अनुमंडल)|महाराजगंज]]|| [[लकरी नबीगंज (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|लकरी नबीगंज]] ||95.21 ||1,28,899 |- |[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (अनुमंडल)|महाराजगंज]]|| [[गोरेयाकोठी (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|गोरेयाकोठी]]||138 ||2,23,709 |- |[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (अनुमंडल)|महाराजगंज]]|| [[बसंतपुर (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|बसंतपुर]]||62.22 ||1,05,229 |- |[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (अनुमंडल)|महाराजगंज]]|| [[भगवानपुर हाट (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|भगवानपुर हाट]]|| 149.40||2,20,651 |- |[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (अनुमंडल)|महाराजगंज]]|| [[महाराजगंज, सिवान (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|महाराजगंज]]||115.48||1,90,217 |- |[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (अनुमंडल)|महाराजगंज]]||[[दरौंधा (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|दरौंधा]]||126.60 ||1,73,200 |} ==नगरपालिका== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !नगरपालिका !प्रकार !ब्लॉक !क्षेत्रफल (किमी²) !जनसंख्या (2011) |- |[[सिवान]]||नगर परिषद||[[सिवान (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|सिवान]]||13.05||1,35,66 |- |[[मैरवा]]||नगर पंचायत||[[मैरवा (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|मैरवा]]||6.23||23,565 |- |[[महाराजगंज, बिहार|महाराजगंज]]||नगर पंचायत||[[महाराजगंज, सिवान (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)|महाराजगंज]]||7.60||24,282 |} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{सिवान जिला}} {{बिहार के जिला}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के जिला]] [[श्रेणी:सारण प्रमंडल]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के जिला]] f7p5kz7pd0tyj8ksqigu1fpsjgz0njc 0 5401 813929 704485 2026-11-06T12:57:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वैशाली''', आज्काल्ह के भारतीय राज्य [[बिहार]] में, प्राचीन काल में एगो शहर रहे; अब ई आर्कियोलॉजिकल साइट बाटे जे [[बसाढ़]] नाँव के गाँव के लगे बा। वर्तमान में ई [[तिरहुत प्रमंडल]] के [[वैशाली जिला]] में बा; जिला के नाँव एही प्राचीन नगरी के नाँव पर रखल गइल हवे। ई प्राचीन नगरी, [[बज्जि महाजनपद]] के [[लिच्छवि लोग]] आ अउरी कुछ क्षेत्र सभ के मिला के बनल [[बज्जि गणराज्य]] के राजधानी रहल। बज्जि गणराज्य के दुनियाँ के पहिला गणराज्य ([[रिपब्लिक]]) सभ में गिनल जाला जे छठईं सदी ईसापूर्व में रहे। [[गौतम बुद्ध]] एही वैशाली में आपन अंतिम धर्मोपदेस ल.&nbsp;483&nbsp;ईपू. में दिहलें आ एकरे सौ साल बाद 383&nbsp;ईपू में एही जे राजा [[कालाशोक]] के बोलावे पर दुसरही बौद्ध संगीति भइल, [[जैन धर्म|जैन लोगन]] के मत के हिसाब से एही वैशाली नगरी के लगे कुंडग्राम नाँव के जगह पर अंतिम तीर्थंकर [[महावीर|महावीर स्वामी]] के जनम भइल रहे; एह तरीका से ई नगरी [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आ [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] दुनों धरम के लोगन खातिर महत्व के जगह रहे। आज के समय में एहिजा [[अशोक स्तंभ|अशोक के खम्हा]] सब में सभसे बेहतर स्थिती में सुरक्षित बचल सिंह के मुकुट वाला खम्हा बाटे। वैशाली के सभसे पुरान स्तूप वाला जगह के रूप में भी जानल जाला, एहिजे एगो स्तूप बा जहाँ बुद्ध के अस्थि रखल मानल जाला। एह प्राचीन शहर के इतिहासी बिबरन चीनी यात्री [[फाहियान]] (4थी सदी) आ [[ह्वेन सांग]] (7वीं सदी) के लिखल चीजन में मिले ला जिनहन के इस्तेमाल से 1861 में ब्रिटिश आर्कियोलॉजिस्ट [[अलेक्जेंडर कनिंघम]] एह वर्तमान जगह के पहिचान कइलें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:वैशाली जिला]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] [[श्रेणी:प्राचीन भारत के शहर]] {{india-hist-stub}} ipgizktcvfn8k5v6pkdt67rslba0jba 0 5452 813839 813715 2026-11-06T12:50:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन इंक.<br><small>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</small> | logo = [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert|alt=Wikimedia Foundation logo, a black circle, two black triangles and a black thick curve, signifying a character opening the book]] | logo_alt = | type = 501(c)(3), धर्मादा संस्था (चैरिटेबल) | tax_id = {{EIN|20-0049703}} | founded_date = {{start date and age|2003|6|20}}, [[सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग, फ्लोरिडा]], अमेरिका | founder = [[जिम्मी वेल्स]] (Jimmy Wales) | location = वन सैमसन स्ट्रीट<br />[[सैन फ्रांसिस्को]], [[कैलीफोर्निया]], अमेरिका | key_people = | area_served = बिस्व भर में<br />(कुछ इलाका सभ में प्रतिबंधित) | focus = मुफ्त, [[ओपेन कंटेंट|open-content]], [[multilingual]], [[विकि]]-अआधारित [[इंटरनेट]] projects | products = [[विकिपीडिया]], <!-- [[MediaWiki]], [[Wikibooks]], [[Wikidata]], [[Wikifunctions]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[Wikinews]], [[Wikiquote]], [[Wikisource]], [[Wikispecies]], [[Wikiversity]], [[Wikivoyage]], [[Wiktionary]]--> आ अउरी कई प्रोजेक्ट। | revenue = {{ublist|class=nowrap|$180.2 million (2023)|$154.7 million (2022)}} | expenses = {{ublist|class=nowrap|$169.0 million (2023)|$146.0 million (2022)}} | endowment = > $100 मिलियन (2021) | num_volunteers = | num_employees = Around 700 staff/contractors (as of 2023) | membership = Board-only | leader_title = CEO | leader_name = Maryana Iskander | Non-profit_slogan = | homepage = {{ubl|{{Official URL}}|{{URL|foundation.wikimedia.org}} (Governance)}} | footnotes = <ref name="WMF 2014 IRS 990">{{cite form 990 | url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/27/Form_990_FY_2014-2015_-_Public.pdf | signatory-last=Villagomez | signatory-first=Jaime | preparer-last=Ball | preparer-first=Valerie J. | tax-year=2014 | org=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. | ein=200049703 | publication-date=May 11, 2016 | via=wikimedia.org | access-date=December 13, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914023823/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/27/Form_990_FY_2014-2015_-_Public.pdf | archive-date=September 14, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=2022Audit>{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/26/Wikimedia_Foundation_FY2021-2022_Audit_Report.pdf#page=6 |title=File:Wikimedia Foundation FY2021–2022 Audit Report.pdf – Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki |publisher=Foundation.wikimedia.org |date= |access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref> | abbreviation = WMF | module = }} '''विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन''' (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. – '''WMF''') एगो अमेरिकी गैर-लाभकारी संस्था ([[एनजीओ]]) (501(c)(3)) बाटे जौन [[विकिपीडिया]] आ अउरी दूसर कई प्रोजेक्ट सभ के मुफ्त में [[इंटरनेट]] पर उपलब्ध करावे ला। एकर मुख्य दफ्तर [[कैलिफोर्निया]] के [[सैन फ्रांसिस्को]] शहर में बा। एकरा के ओहिजे एगो चैरिटेबल फाउंडेशन के रूप में रजिस्टर कइल गइल बा। ई फाउंडेशन [[विकिपीडिया]] के होस्ट (चलावे वाला संस्था) बा। विकिपीडिया दुनिया के आठवीं सबसे बेसी देखल जाये वाला वेबसाइट ह। ई संस्था विकिपीडिया के अलावा 14 गो आउर भी ओपन कोलैबोरेशन प्रोजेक्ट (खुला सहयोग से चलावे वाला योजना) के होस्ट करे ला। ई सब प्रोजेक्ट्स के पीछे जे [[सॉफ्टवेयर]] बा – [[मीडियाविकि]] (''MediaWiki''), ओकरा के भी ई फाउंडेशन डेवलप करे में मदद करे ला। ई संस्था के शुरुआत 2003 में [[फ्लोरिडा]] के [[सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग, फ्लोरिडा|सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग]] शहर में [[जिम्मी वेल्स]] नाम के आदमी कइले रहलें। उ विकिपीडिया आ बाकी विकि प्रोजेक्ट सभ के चलावे खातिर ई गैर-लाभ वाला संस्था बनवले रहलें। पहिले ई प्रोजेक्ट 'बोमिस (Bomis)' नाम के एगो प्राइवेट कंपनी के जरिए चलावल जात रहल, जे जिम्मी वेल्स के खुद के कंपनी रहल। विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन दुनिया भर के लोगन के अलग-अलग भाषा में [[विकि]] पर आधारित सामग्री बनावे खातिर तकनीकी आ संगठनात्मक मदद दे ला। ई संस्था खुद से कोई कंटेंट ना लिखे ना एडिट करे। सारा काम वालंटियर (जइसे विकिपीडिया के एडिटर लोग) कइले रहेला। हालाँकि, ई संस्था बहुत सारा स्वयंसेवी लोग आ जुड़ल संस्था (जइसे विकिमीडिया चैप्टर, थीमैटिक ऑर्गनाइजेशन, यूजर ग्रुप आ पार्टनर) के साथ मिल के काम करे ला। फाउंडेशन के धन मुख्य रूप से पाठक आ योगदानकर्ता लोग से मिलल छोट-छोट चंदा से आवेला। ई चंदा ईमेल मुहिम आ विकिपीडिया पर लगावल सालाना फंडरेजिंग बैनर से जुटावल जाला। एकरा अलावा, कुछ ग्रांट (दान) दानदाता संस्था आ टेक कंपनी से मिलेला। 2022 से ई 'विकिमीडिया इंटरप्राइज (Wikimedia Enterprise)' नाम के सेवा के जरिए भी कुछ आमदनी कमावे लागल बा। 2023 तक, ई फाउंडेशन में 700 से जादे कर्मचारी आ कॉन्ट्रैक्ट पर काम करे वाला लोग काम करत रहल। एकरा लगे कुल $255 मिलियन के संपति (एसेट) रहल, आ एक लाख डॉलर से जादे के फंड (एंडोमेंट) जमा हो चुकल रहल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:विकिपीडिया| ]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] {{Org-stub}} {{Internet-stub}} bamqvee6vlh1i4cypa62oy44f1k56fw 4 5455 814148 811615 2026-11-06T15:53:23Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814148 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--चौपाल में नया विषय जोड़े की चिप्पी जोड़ी -->__NEWSECTIONLINK__<!-- चर्चा पृष्ठ के आवश्यक शीर्ष टिप्पणी --> <span class="plainlinks" id="coordinates">[[File:Facebook icon.svg|14px|link=//facebook.com/bhwiki/]] [//facebook.com/bhwiki/ फेसबुक] – [[File:Twitter.svg|16px|link=//twitter.com/bhwikipedia]] [//twitter.com/bhwikipedia ट्विट्टर]</span> {{/हेडर}} == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:23, 24 दिसंबर 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter December 2022 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Hope everything is well. CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is here which is for the month of December. A few conducted events are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its December 2022 work. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and upcoming events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Launching of GLAM projects in Aurangabad|Launching of GLAM projects in Aurangabad]] * [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022/Online Meetup 10 Dec 2022|Online Meetup 10 Dec 2022 (Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022)]] * [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022]] ; Upcoming event * Mid-term Report 2022-2023 Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/December 2022|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscibe this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:43, 7 जनवरी 2023 (UTC) <small>On behalf of [[User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, In mid-January 2023, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed. The volunteer-led [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself. The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''. '''How to vote?''' Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voter information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll. '''Who can vote?''' The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server. '''What happens after the vote?''' Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CSinha (WMF)|CSinha (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:CSinha (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 10:01, 8 जनवरी 2023 (UTC) == Voting Opens on the Revised Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 2|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''{{subst:more languages}}'' Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting|voting period]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] is now open! Voting will remain open for two weeks and will close at '''23:59 UTC''' on '''January 31, 2023'''. Please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|'''voter information page''']] for voter eligibility information and details on how to vote. For more details on the Enforcement Guidelines and the voting process, see our [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_1|previous message]]. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, <section end="announcement-content" /> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CSinha (WMF)|CSinha (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:CSinha (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 11:50, 17 जनवरी 2023 (UTC) == Global ban for PlanespotterA320/RespectCE == Per the [[m:Global bans|Global bans]] policy, I'm informing the project of this request for comment: [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for PlanespotterA320 (2) ]] about banning a member from your community. Thank you.--[[User:Lemonaka|Lemonaka]] ([[User talk:Lemonaka|talk]]) 21:40, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Zabe@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lemonaka/Massmessagelist&oldid=24501599 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter January 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Hope everything is well. CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is here which is for the month of December. A few conducted events are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its January 2023 tasks. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and upcoming events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022]] * [[:m:Growing Local Language Content on Wikipedia (Project Tiger 2.0)/Writing Contest/Community Training 2022|Project Tiger 2.0 Training]] * [[:m:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Community Fund/Annual plan of the Centre for Internet and Society Access to Knowledge/Midpoint Report|Mid-term Report 2022-2023]] ; Upcoming event * [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/January 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscibe this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:11, 12 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == International Mother Language day 2023 Datathon == <small>Apologies to write in English.</small> Dear all, Hope you are doing well. CIS-A2K is going to organise [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|International Mother Language day 2023 Datathon]] on the occasion of and to celebrate International Mother language Day. The datathon will be from 21st February to 28 February 2023. During the week, we will contribute to Wikidata to add labels, descriptions, Aliases, items or properties and references to the statements. You can go through the given page link, add yourself and become a part of the event. During the datathon, we will finalise a day and organise a one or two-hour online session with a Wikidata expert to learn advanced tactics. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:49, 16 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Reminder: International Mother Language day 2023 Datathon == Dear all, The International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon will start tomorrow (after a few hours at 00:01 am) till 28 February. To contribute please add your name [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|here]]. We will contribute to Wikidata to add labels, descriptions, Aliases, items or properties and references to the statements. We have created the outreach dashboard to track the activities. [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/International_Mother_Language_Day/International_Mother_Language_Day_2023_Datathon Here] is the link. There will be an online session on Sunday. The session will be for 1:30 hrs. Please block your calendar for 4:00 to 5:30 pm. Jinoy will be there for a training session to introduce basics and the tools like 'TABernacle', 'QS' and 'Mix n Match' that can be used for adding labels and improving the existing WD item for newbies. Please reach out if you have any questions or concerns at program@cis-india.org. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:58, 20 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Community feedback-cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use starts == <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello community members, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use. [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language. This update comes in response to several things: * Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct. * Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license. * Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing. * Bringing the Terms of Use in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Wikimedia Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held: the first on 2 March and the second on 4 April. For further information, please consult: * The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Proposed update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]] * The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms of use|feedback]] * Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours|the office hours]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CSinha (WMF)|CSinha (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:CSinha (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 07:54, 22 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:20, 27 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter Feburary 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Hope everything is well. CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is here which is for the month of February. A few conducted events are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its February 2023 tasks and towards upcoming events. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and upcoming events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Digitization & Documentation of Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya|Digitization & Documentation of Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya]] * [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon]] * Wikidata Online Session ; Upcoming event * March Month Activity on Wikimedia Commons * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop|Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/February 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]] ([[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|talk]]) 04:50, 8 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == [[टेम्पलेट:Infobox India district]] के इस्तेमाल हटावल == नमस्कार सभका के। एह टेम्पलेट के इस्तेमाल वर्तमान समय में 500 से बेसी पन्ना सभ पर हो रहल बाटे। एहिजा सूचित कइल जा रहल बा कि एकरे जगह पर [[टेम्पलेट:Infobox settlement]] के इस्तेमाल कइल जाई। एकरा खातिर [https://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=गोरखपुर_जिला&diff=736269&oldid=692754 एह तरीका से बदलाव] कइल जाई। एह दौरान कुछ पन्ना सभ पर ज्ञानसंदूक सभ में दिहल जानकारी के कुछ हिस्सा अंग्रेजी में देख्लाई पड़ सके ला जेकरा के बाद में बॉट चला के एक्के साथे अनुबादित क दिहल जाई। कौनों किसिम के सुझाव/सलाह के स्वागत बा। एह काम में मदद करे खातिर आप सभ के स्वागत बाटे। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 09:30, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) == नीति निर्माण प्रस्ताव 2023 == नमस्कार सभका के, एहिजे एह प्रस्ताव द्वारा कुछ नीति सभ के प्रस्ताव समुदाय के सोझा रखल जा रहल बाड़ें जिनहन पर चर्चा आ सहमती के अनुरोध कइल जा रहल बा। संबंधित नीति सभ के बातचीत पन्ना सभ पर सवाल पूछल जा सकत बाने, सुधार सुझावित कइल जा सकत बा आ ओह चर्चा के बाद हेइजा आपन मत स्पष्ट रूप से, कारन सहित ब्यक्त कइल जा सकत बाटे। नीति सभ जे प्रस्तावित कइल जा रहल बाड़ीं: # [[विकिपीडिया:उल्लेखनीयता]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:उल्लेखनीयता|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:कठपुतरी नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:कठपुतरी नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:प्रतिबंध नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:प्रतिबंध नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:रोक नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:रोक नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:लिखाई अउरी अंक नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:लिखाई अउरी अंक नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:मशीनी अनुबाद नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:मशीनी अनुबाद नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:आधार|आधार लेख निर्माण नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:आधार|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]]) # [[विकिपीडिया:भाषा दिसानिर्देस]] ([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:भाषा दिसानिर्देस|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]]) </small> एह चर्चा में समुदाय के सगरी लोग के स्वागत बा आ आम सहमती बनावे में सहजोग के उमेद बा। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 14:44, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) :एगो अउरी दिसानिर्देस [[विकिपीडिया:भाषा दिसानिर्देस]] ([[विकिपीडिया:भाषा दिसानिर्देस|चर्चा पन्ना]]) जोड़ल जा रहल बाटे। एहू पर, चर्चा पन्ना पर सुझाव आ सुधार आमंत्रित बाटे।--[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 16:18, 20 मार्च 2023 (UTC) == अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के नीति अउरी दिसानिर्देस लागू करे के प्रस्ताव == <div class="boilerplate discussion-archived mw-archivedtalk" style="background-color: #f5f3ef; overflow:auto; margin: 1em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa"> <div class="boilerplate-header"> :''ई चर्चा पूरा हो चुकल बाटे। <span style="color:red">'''एम्में अब कौनों बदलाव मत करीं।'''</span> आगे के टिप्पणी सभ नया खंड बना के कइल जाये के चाहीं।'' ''चर्चा के संछेप में रिजल्ट रहल'' ::'''सफल प्रस्ताव''': लमहर समय ले राय खातिर खुलल रहल चर्चा में बिना कौनों बिरोध होखे आ सक्रिय योगदानकरता लोग के समर्थन के हिसाब से '''एह नीति के लागू घोषित कइल जा रहल बा।'''--[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 19:40, 1 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) ---- <!-- from Template:discussion top--> </div> एहिजे ई प्रस्तावित कइल जा रहल बा कि कौनों बिसय चाहे मुद्दा पर भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर लोकल नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के अभाव में ओह बिसय से संबंधित अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के लागू मानल जाय आ, लोकल जरूरत के मोताबिक उनहन के युक्तियुक्त ढंग से पढ़ के, उनहन के हिसाब से कामकाज आ कार्रवाई कइल जाय। ;तार्किकता (रेशनेल): भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया एगो छोट विकिपीडिया हवे आ एहिजे प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के आ बढ़ियाँ से लिखल नीति आ दिसानिर्देस सभ के कमी बा। एकरे बिपरीत अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया पर भारी प्रयोगकर्ता संख्या के राय के आधार पर आ समस्या के दसा सभ के ब्यापक अनुभव वगैरह के बाद स्थापित नीति बाड़ी स। अइसन जरूरी ना बा कि एगो ज्ञानकोश निर्माण में आवे वाली हर समस्या से भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया के समुदाय परिचित होखे; जबकि अंग्रेजी पर बहुत ब्यापक अनुभव के बाद अइसन समस्या सभ के समाधान खातिर ब्यवस्थित तरीका बनावल गइल बाड़ें। एकर एकठो अउरी लाभ ई बा कि, हर नीति के लोकल आम सहमती से लागू करवावे के ना पड़ी आ अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के संबंधित नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के अनुबाद क के एहिजा लिखल जा सके ला जवना से भोजपुरी प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के उनहन के समझे में सुबिधा होखे। अइसन अनुबाद नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के रूप में ओही तरीका से प्रभावी मानल जइहें काहें से कि ऊ अंग्रेजी के नीति आ दिसनिर्देस सभ के अनुबाद भर होखिहें। ;सीमा: अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के हर नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के आँख-मूँद ढंग से एहिजे ना लागू कइल जा सके ला। कारन ई बा कि कई सारा जरूरत एहिजे लोकल हो सके लीं जिनहन खातिर अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया पर नीति भा दिसानिर्देस न मौजूद होखे। अइसनो हो सके ला कि अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के कौनों स्थापित नीति भा दिसानिर्देस के एकदम से ओही तरीका से एहिजे लागू कइल संभव न होखे; काहे से कि एहिजे ओह चीज से संबंधित मूल ब्यवस्थवे न होखे। उदाहरण खातिर अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया पर चेकयूजर, ओभरसाइट, आर्बिट्रेशन कमेटी वगैरह नियर कई ब्यवस्था बाड़ी स जिनहन के एहिजा अभाव बा आ उनहन से संबंधित काम मेटा विकि से करावल जाला। अइसन लोकल नामौजूद ब्यवस्था संबंधी नीति; चाहे अन्य नीति सभ में इनहन से संबंधित प्रावधान एहिजे यथारूप ना लागू कइल जा सके लें। अइसन दसा में विकिपीडिया के मूल भावना के धियान में रख के, अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के नीति आ दिसानिर्देस सभ के युक्तियुक्त ढंग से लागू करे के प्रस्ताव कइल जा रहल बाटे। एकर जिकिर संबंधित नीति में कइल गइल बा। ;लोकल: जरूरत आ सुबिधा के धियान में रख के लोकल रूप से नीति आ दिसानिर्देस बनावे खातिर प्रस्ताव ले आ के आम सहमती से अइसन नीति बनावल जा सके लीं जिनहन में अंग्रेजी के स्थापित नीति से हट के बेवस्था कइल गइल होखे। * [[विकिपीडिया:अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया नीति अउरी दिसानिर्देस लागू|प्रस्तावित नीति के कड़ी]] एह मुद्दा पर आपसभ के राय आ चर्चा के स्वागत बा। नीति में सुधार खातिर चर्चा एकरे [[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया नीति अउरी दिसानिर्देस लागू|बातचीत पन्ना]] पर कइल जा सके ला। आ एहिजा आपन मत ब्यक्त कइल जा सके ला। सभकर स्वागत बा। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 14:44, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) === टिप्पणी अउरी मत === *नमस्कार, ये बात तो है नीति ना होने के कारण विवाद होते हैं और कई सदस्य इसका फायदा उठा के अपनी मनमानी करते हैं। ऐसा मैंने अपने अनुभव में हिन्दी विकिपीडिया में देखा है। मेरा सवाल ये है कि ऐसा किसी और विकि पे भी हो रखा है क्या ? और हम ये कैसे तय करेंगे कि कौन सी नीति मानी जाये और कौन सी नहीं ?-- [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|<font color="80 00 80">हिंदुस्थान वासी</font>]]^{''' [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|वार्ता]]'''} 13:52, 21 मार्च 2023 (UTC) **@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|हिंदुस्थान वासी]] जी, एह तरह के व्यवस्था शुरुआती दौर में कैंटोनीज विकिपीडिया पर लागू कइल गइल रहे, जइसन कि मेटा पर एकर एक ठो हवाला मौजूद बाटे (देखीं [[:meta:Manual_for_small_and_new_Wikipedias#Rules_are_important|मेटा पर एह खंड के आखिरी लाइन]] में), हालाँकि, अब अइसन बाटे कि ना ई नइखे मालुम। बाकी ई एक ठो उदाहरण बाटे कि अइसन कइल गइल बाटे आ कइल जा सके ला। ::जहाँ तक आपके ई सवाल बाटे कि कवन नीति मानल जाय, कवन ना, एकरा बिसय में नीति में प्रस्ताव कइल गइल बाटे। जवना चीज खातिर अलगा से लोकल नीति मौजूद होखी आ आम सहमती से इहाँ स्थापित होखी, ओह चीज खातिर लोकल नीति मानल जाई, बाकी सब खातिर अंग्रेजी नीति के युक्तियुक्त तरीका से पढ़ के इहाँ लागू मानल जाई। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 17:46, 24 मार्च 2023 (UTC) *'''समर्थन''' : वैसे तो पहली नज़र में यह नीति अनावश्यक सी लगती है लेकिन प्रस्ताव को पूरा पढ़ने पर प्रतीत हो रहा है कि यह करना उचित रहेगा। जहाँ सदस्यों को इस नीति से समस्या होगी, उसके सापेक्ष स्थानीय नीति प्रस्तावित करके सुधार किया जा सकता है।<span style="color:green;">☆★</span>[[user:संजीव कुमार|<u><span style="color:Magenta;">संजीव कुमार</span></u>]] ([[User talk:संजीव कुमार|<span style="color:blue;">✉✉</span>]]) 05:12, 24 मार्च 2023 (UTC) *'''समर्थन''' : कवन नियम मानल जाई आ कवन ना ई त समुदाय के ही मिलके ही तय करै के चाही। मुद्दा त ईहो बा कि एकरे बदे समुदाय केतना जागरूक बा। नियम क ज़रूरत तब पड़ैला जब कवनो समस्या होखे। अंग्रेजी क नियम बहुत सोच बिचार कयके बनावल गयल बा आ जदि मौजूदा कवनो नीति में समुदाय के समस्या होई त बिचार कयके संजीव जी के कहला अनुसार स्थानीय नियम प्रस्तावित कयल जा सकत बा। --[[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;color:red">'''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="color:green"> '''बातचीत'''</span>]]} 17:10, 9 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) *'''समर्थन''' : जबतक भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर लोकल नीति आउर दिसानिर्देस ना बन पावत ह तब तक अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया क नीति आउर दिसानिर्देस लागू कयल जा सकत ह। {{ping|SM7}} जी प्रस्ताव भइले ढेर दिन हो गयल बा। हो सके त अब एके लागू करे पर विचार करीं। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|सौरभ तिवारी 05]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|बात करीं]]) 15:02, 1 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) चर्चा पूरा भइल आ ई नीति अब लागू मानल जाई। आप सभ के धन्यवाद। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 19:39, 1 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) {{abot}} == नया प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार स्तर आ सुरक्षा स्तर लागू करे आ कुछ औजारन के प्रयोग सीमित करे के प्रस्ताव == {{Discussion top|reason= चर्चा पूरा भइल, प्रस्ताव Phabricator पर ले जाइल जात बा।}} भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर नाया प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार - '''सुस्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता''' के स्थापना खातिर ई प्रस्ताव रखल जात बा। ई अधिकार अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के [[:en:WP:XC|Extended confirmed]] के नियर होखी। मने कि, प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के कुछ संपादन आ समय के बाद ई स्तर के अधिकार मिली। * कम से कम 30 दिन पुरान खाता आ साथे-साथ कम से कम 500 संपादन के सीमा * अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया नियर कुछ दसा में, प्रबंधक द्वारा, ऊपर बतावल सीमा से पहिले दिहल जाए के ब्यवस्था (अगर केहू पहिले से ई अधिकार प्राप्त ब्यक्ति अपना बैध दुसरे खाता खाती ई माँग करे) एही के साथे-साथ एकर इस्तेमाल खातिर नीचे दिहल चीज प्रस्तावित कइल जा रहल बाटे: * ई एगो '''सुरक्षा के स्तर''' होखी जेह पर, जरूरत पड़े पर, पन्ना सभ के प्रबंधक द्वारा सुरक्षित कइल जा सकत बा * '''पन्ना स्थानांतरण''' (मूव) करे, मने कि नाँव बदले, के सुबिधा एह अधिकार आ ऊपर वाला लोग (प्रबंधक) लोग के होखी * '''कंटेंट ट्रांसलेशन''' आ '''ट्विंकल''' नियर सुबिधा के इस्तेमाल एह अधिकार आ एकरे ऊपर वाला लोगन के होखी। * अउरी कौनों औजार भा सुबिधा के इस्तेमाल एह अधिकार ले सीमित कइल, जइसन भबिस्य में आम सहमती द्वारा फैसला होखे। अइसन प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार स्तर के जरूरत एह कारन बा कि वर्तमान में सुरक्षा के स्तर ऑटोकन्फर्म के बाद सीधा प्रबंधक स्तर बाटे। बीच में एगो सुरक्षा स्तर बनावल उचित रही जेह पर महत्ववाला पन्ना सभ के सुरक्षित कइल जा सके। एकरा से पन्ना स्थानांतरण के उत्पात के रोके आ कंटेंट अनुवाद उपकरण के इस्तेमाल से अंधाधुंध लेख बनावे पर भी नियंत्रण होखी। आपन राय नीचे दिहल जाय आ अगर कौनों सुझाव होखे तब इहाँ चर्चा कइल जाय। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 14:47, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) === टिप्पणी अउरी मत === #'''समर्थन''' <span style="color:green;">☆★</span>[[user:संजीव कुमार|<u><span style="color:Magenta;">संजीव कुमार</span></u>]] ([[User talk:संजीव कुमार|<span style="color:blue;">✉✉</span>]]) 05:23, 24 मार्च 2023 (UTC) #'''समर्थन'''। भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर बढिया ढंग से काम करे खातिर आउर लेख क क्वालिटी सुधारे खातिर इ उचित उपाय ह। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|सौरभ तिवारी 05]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|बात करीं]]) 19:35, 8 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) # कंटेंट ट्रांसलेसन वाले मुद्दा प हमरो राय इहे बा कि एकरे बदे सदस्यन क एक स्तर रखल बहुत ज़रूरी बा ना त कचरा बढ़त देर न लगी। बाक़ी मुद्दा पर भी '''समर्थन''' बा। --[[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;color:red">'''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="color:green"> '''बातचीत'''</span>]]} 17:27, 9 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) # '''समर्थन''', यदि प्रबंधक से नीचे कोई अधिकार यहाँ मौजूद नहीं है तो ये ठीक रहेगा। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|<font color="80 00 80">हिंदुस्थान वासी</font>]]^{''' [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|वार्ता]]'''} 10:52, 9 मई 2023 (UTC) {{Discussion bottom}} == Women's Month Datathon on Commons == <small>Please help us to translate the message.</small> Hello Wikimedians, Hope you are doing well. CIS-A2K and [[:commons:Commons Photographers User Group|CPUG]] have planned an online activity for March. The activity will focus on Wikimedia Commons and it will begin on 21 March and end on 31 March 2023. During this campaign, the participants will work on structure data, categories and descriptions of the existing images. We will provide you with the list of the photographs that were uploaded under those campaigns, conducted for Women’s Month. You can find the event page link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|here]]. We are inviting you to participate in this event and make it successful. There will be at least one online session to demonstrate the tasks of the event. We will come back to you with the date and time. If you have any questions please write to us at the event [[:m:Talk:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|talk page]] Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:49, 12 मार्च 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Women's Month Datathon on Commons Online Session == Dear Wikimedians, Hope you are doing well. As we mentioned in a previous message, CIS-A2K and [[:commons:Commons Photographers User Group|CPUG]] have been starting an online activity for March from 21 March to 31 March 2023. The activity already started yesterday and will end on 31 March 2023. During this campaign, the participants are working on structure data, categories and descriptions of the existing images. The event page link is [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|here]]. We are inviting you to participate in this event. There is an online session to demonstrate the tasks of the event that is going to happen tonight after one hour from 8:00 pm to 9:00 pm. You can find the meeting link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session|here]]. We will wait for you. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 13:36, 22 मार्च 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter March 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, There is a CIS-A2K monthly Newsletter that is ready to share which is for the month of March. A few conducted events and ongoing activities are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its March 2023 tasks and towards upcoming events. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and ongoing events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|Women's Month Datathon on Commons]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session|Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop|Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop]] * [[:m:Indic Wikisource Community/Online meetup 25 March 2023|Indic Wikisource Community Online meetup 25 March 2023]] ; Ongoing activity * [[:m:Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023|Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/March 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:30, 10 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == Wikimedia Foundation’s 2023-2024 Annual Plan and Upcoming Community Conversations == Hi Everyone, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024 draft annual plan] of the Wikimedia Foundation applicable from July 2023 to June 2024 has been published and is '''open for feedback'''. ''While the entire annual plan is available in multiple languages, a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024 short summary] is available in close to 30 languages including many from the region.'' '''Two-Way Planning/Conversations''' Since last year, the Foundation has prioritized [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2022-2023/Two-Way_Planning two-way planning] with communities by asking community members to share their goals for the coming year. We are hosting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Collaboration a series of calls/discussions] across various time zones to collaborate across the movement, for South Asia-based communities; # In-person session during [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2023/Program WikiConference India], on the 28th of April with the attendees of the conference. (recording to be uploaded on meta). # '''Virtual Discussion on the 30th of April, 2023 (0600 UTC)- Join Us!''' We would like to invite you all to participate in the '''virtual discussion on the 30th of April''' where [https://wikimediafoundation.org/profile/lisa-seitz-gruwell/ Lisa Seitz Gruwell, Chief Advancement Officer, and Deputy to the Chief Executive Officer] would be sharing and discussing the plans with the movement. '''Call Details''' '''Virtual Discussion''' (Via Zoom) '''Date''': 30th April 2023 (Sunday) '''Time''': 0600 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682834411 ZoneStamp]) [https://diff.wikimedia.org/event/30th-april-annual-planning-call/ Diff Calendar Link] Look forward to seeing you on the call. Please add the above details to your [https://diff.wikimedia.org/event/30th-april-annual-planning-call/ respective calendars], and do get in touch with me if you have any further questions. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:RASharma_(WMF) Rachit Sharma (WMF)] <small>Sent using [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 04:29, 25 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:SGill (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=24930250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 19:45, 11 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter April 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! CIS-A2K has done a few activities in the month of April and CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is ready to share which is for the last month. A few conducted events and ongoing activities are updated in the Newsletter. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and ongoing events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023|Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Wikimedia session on building archive at ACPR, Belagavi|CIS-A2K/Events/Wikimedia session on building archive at ACPR, Belagavi]] ; Ongoing activity * [[:c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023|Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/April 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:50, 15 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023 campaign cum photography contest == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! CIS-A2K has started the Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2022 campaign cum photography contest on Wikimedia Commons from 15 May to 30 June. The aim of the contest is to document the Mula & Mutha rivers along with their tributaries in the Pune district on Wikimedia Commons in the form of images and videos. You can see more specific topics in the [[c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023/Rivers & Topics|Rivers and Topics]] section. In this campaign, partner organisations like, Jeevitnadi, Ecological Society, Samuchit Enviro Tech, Nisarg Sevak, National Society for Clean Cities etc. are actively participating. We are eager to see your contributions in this contest. For sign-up and upload please visit [[:c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023|Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023]]. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 05:19, 17 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == The upcoming calls conducted by A2K for or with communities == <small>Apologies for writing in English. Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to announce the launch of the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/India Community Monthly Engagement Calls|A2K Monthly Engagement Call]], a series of interactive sessions aimed at fostering collaborative learning within the Wikimedia community. The motive behind starting the series of interactive sessions is to bring the community together to discuss and interact about important topics. The first Monthly Engagement call will start with [[:m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect|Let’s Connect]] which is an initiative to create an open and safe learning space for all Wikimedians to share and learn different skills with other peers and to add value and contribute collectively to the community. The first call in this series, organized and hosted by CIS-A2K, will take place on [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/India Community Monthly Engagement Calls/June 3, 2023 Call|June 3, 2023]], from 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM (IST). One more announcement is about, on June 5, 2023, as we celebrate Environment Day, A2K is planning to engage communities and community members in discussions about potential activities for the month of June. These activities will involve capturing images of the environment, uploading them to Wikimedia Commons, and adding existing photos to articles on Wikipedia. We would love to invite Wikimedians to collaborate and join us in planning this activity on Sunday, May 28, 2023, from 11:00 am to 12:00 pm. Call details are below: * '''Preparatory Call for June Month Activity''' * '''Sunday, May 28 · 11:00 am – 12:00 pm''' * Time zone: Asia/Kolkata * '''Video call link''': https://meet.google.com/rsy-nhsk-upp Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:25, 25 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter May 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! We are pleased to inform you that CIS-A2K has successfully completed several activities during the month of May. As a result, our monthly newsletter, which covers the highlights of the previous month, is now ready to be shared. The newsletter includes updates on the conducted events and ongoing activities, providing a comprehensive overview of A2K's recent endeavours. We have taken care to mention both the conducted and ongoing events/activities in this newsletter, ensuring that all relevant information is captured. ; Conducted events * Preparatory Call for June Month Activity * Update on status of A2K's grant proposal ; Ongoing activity * [[:c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023|Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023]] ; Upcoming Events * Support to Punjabi Community Proofread-a-thon Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/May 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Invitation to join at WikiConverse India Call - June 24th, 2023 == <small>Apologies to write in English please help us to translate the message in your language</small> Greetings! WikiConverse India is a new initiative that A2K is working on to improve collaboration among communities in India. WikiConverse India aims to initiate and foster dialogue within the Indian language Wikimedia community on various topics that are important for the growth of the Wikimedia movement. Currently, we are conducting regular calls as part of this initiative. For the month of June, this call will be scheduled on June 24th, 2023, from 6:00 PM to 7:30 PM IST. A2K will invite Indian participants from recent international conferences, namely the Wikimedia Hackathon and EduWiki Conference, to share their important takeaways specifically relevant to India. To join the WikiConverse India Call, You can find the call details below: * WikiConverse India Call, June 24th, 2023 * Saturday, June 24 · 6:00 – 7:30pm IST * Video call link: https://meet.google.com/qcm-rrac-qzk If you have any questions, please write to a2k@cis-india.org. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:29, 16 जून 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Reminder: Invitation to Join WikiConverse India Call == <small>Apologies for writing in English</small> Hello all, As we informed you earlier, CIS-A2K has begun a new initiative to improve collaboration among communities in India. WikiConverse India aims to initiate and foster dialogue within the Indian language Wikimedia community on various topics that are important for the growth of the Wikimedia movement. Currently, we are conducting regular calls as part of this initiative. For the month of June, this call will be scheduled for June 24th, 2023, today at 6:00 PM. The call meta page is already prepared and you can find it [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/WikiConverse India Calls/Takeaways of Indian Wikimedians from EduWiki Conference & Hackathon|here]]. The call details are here to join us: * '''Topic''': WikiConverse India Call * '''Time''': Jun 24, 2023 06:00 PM India * '''Join Zoom Meeting''': https://us06web.zoom.us/j/88637468034?pwd=MUVBVm1MVXlYNm1OTjZCNGpsM3R2dz09 * '''Meeting ID''': 886 3746 8034 ** '''Passcode''': 874408 We hope you can find some time to join us and listen to the amazing stories and learning experiences from the speakers. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:01, 24 जून 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:59, 28 जून 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|बातचीत]]) 22:01, 4 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter June 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! We are pleased to inform you that CIS-A2K has successfully completed several activities during the month of June. As a result, our monthly newsletter, which covers the highlights of the previous month, is now ready to be shared. We have taken care to mention the conducted events/activities in this newsletter, ensuring that all relevant information is captured. ; Conducted events * Community Engagement Calls and Activities ** India Community Monthly Engagement Calls: 3 June 2023 call ** Takeaways of Indian Wikimedians from EduWiki Conference & Hackathon ** Punjabi Wikisource Proofread-a-thon * Skill Development Programs ** Wikidata Training Sessions for Santali Community * Indian Community Need Assessment and Transition Calls * Partnerships and Trainings ** Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion GLAM Project ** Wikimedia Commons sessions with river activists ** Introductory session on Wikibase for Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion members Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/June 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:27, 17 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> 02:26, 27 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == Announcement of Train the Trainer 2023 and Call for Scholarship == Dear all, We are excited to announce the reactivation of the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program|Train the Trainer (TTT)]] initiative by CIS-A2K in 2023. TTT aims to empower Indian Wikimedians like you with essential skills to support Wikimedia communities effectively. Through this program, we seek to enhance your capacity, encourage knowledge sharing, identify growth opportunities, and enable a positive impact on the communities you serve. The [https://forms.gle/GynAYyGzoNXh4VM26 scholarship application] period is from ‘‘‘1st to 14th August 2023’’’. Unfortunately, we regretfully cannot consider applications from non-Indian Wikimedians due to logistical and compliance-related constraints. The event is scheduled for the end of September or the beginning of October 2023, and final dates and venue details will be announced soon. We encourage your active participation in [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2023|TTT 2023]] and welcome you to apply for scholarships via the provided form. For inquiries, please contact us at a2K@cis-india.org or nitesh@cis-india.org. We look forward to your enthusiastic involvement in making Train the Trainer 2023 a resounding success! Regards, Nitesh (CIS-A2K) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Reminder for TTT Scholarship and announcement about Event dates == Dear all, We wanted to remind you about the Scholarship form for the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2023|Train the Trainer 2023 program]] and also provide you with the event dates. We encourage you to apply for scholarships to participate in Train the Trainer 2023, as it offers a valuable opportunity for you to actively contribute to your language communities. The scholarship form is accessible [https://forms.gle/GynAYyGzoNXh4VM26 here], and the submission window will remain open until 14th August 2023. If you are genuinely interested in promoting knowledge sharing and community empowerment, we strongly encourage you to fill out the form. (Please note that we won't be able to consider applications from Wikimedians based outside of India for TTT 2023.) The Train The Trainer program will take place on 29th, 30th September, and 1st October 2023. This program provides you an opportunity to enhance your leadership and community-building skills. Thank you for your attention. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter July 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! We are pleased to inform you that CIS-A2K has successfully completed several activities during the month of July. As a result, our monthly newsletter, which covers the highlights of the previous month, is now ready to be shared. We have taken care to mention the conducted events/activities in this newsletter, ensuring that all relevant information is captured. ; Conducted events * Wikibase session with RIWATCH GLAM * Wikibase technical session with ACPR GLAM * Wikidata Training Sessions for Santali Community * An interactive session with some Wikimedia Foundation staff from India ; Announcement * Train The Trainer 2023 Program Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/July 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:23, 8 अगस्त 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 अगस्त 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == Invitation to the Indic Community Monthly Engagement Call on September 8, 2023 == Dear Wikimedians, A2K is excited to invite you to the third call of the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls|Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls]] initiative scheduled for September 8, 2023, where A2K is hosting “Learning Clinic: Collective learning from grantee reports in South Asia” by Let’s Connect. This event is designed to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing among community members interested in the region's progress, grantees, potential grantees, and Regional Fund Committee members. The dedicated meta page is [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls/September 8, 2023 Call|here]]. Here are the details: * Date: September 8th * Time: 6:00 PM - 7:30 PM IST * Language: English * Facilitation: Jessica Stephenson (WMF - Let’s Connect), Pavan Santhosh (CIS-A2K), Chinmayee Mishra (Let’s Connect working group) * Duration: 1.5 hours * Zoom Link: [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/82712474511?pwd=YUF3SE8yeWpWK0I0Z2QzQW9HN2x5dz09 Zoom Link] You can find detailed information on the given meta page. We look forward to meeting you there tomorrow. :) Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 11:01, 7 सितंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 सितंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == Announcing Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 and Invitation to Participate == Dear Wikimedians, The [[:m:Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group]] is happy to announce '''Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 on 16-17 December 2023 in Pondicherry, India'''. The event is for everyone who contributes to Wikimedia’s technical spaces code developers, maintainers, translators, designers, technical writers and other related technical aspects. Along with that, contributors who don't necessarily contribute to technical spaces but have good understanding of issues on wikis and can work with developers in addressing them can join too. You can come with a project in mind, join an existing project, or create something new with others. The goal of this event is to bring together technical contributors from India to resolve pending technical issues, bugs, brainstorm on tooling ideas, and foster connections between contributors. We have scholarships to support participation of contributors residing in India. The '''scholarship form can be filled at https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd_Qqctj7I87QfYt5imc6iPcGPWuPfncCOyAd_OMbGiqxzxhQ/viewform?usp=sf_link and will close at 23:59 hrs on 15 October 2023 (Sunday) [IST].''' Please reach out to contact{{@}}indicmediawikidev.org if you have any questions or need support. Best, Indic MediaWiki Developers UG, 04:40, 4 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/South_Asia_Village_Pumps&oldid=25696853 --> == Image Description Month in India: 1 October to 31st October == <small>Apologies for writing in English.</small> Dear everyone, We're excited to invite you to the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|Image Description Month India]] description-a-thon, set to take place from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. During this event, we'll be focusing on improving image-related content across Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. To stay updated and get involved, please visit our dedicated event page [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event Page]]. Your active participation will be instrumental in enhancing Wikimedia content and making it more accessible to users worldwide. Thank you :) [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:35, 5 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == A2K Monthly Newsletter for September 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In September, CIS-A2K successfully completed several initiatives. As a result, A2K has compiled a comprehensive monthly newsletter that highlights the events and activities conducted during the previous month. This newsletter provides a detailed overview of the key information related to our endeavors. ; Conducted events * Learning Clinic: Collective learning from grantee reports in South Asia * Relicensing and Digitisation workshop at Govinda Dasa College, Surathkal * Relicensing and Digitisation workshop at Sayajirao Gaekwad Research Centre, Aurangabad * Wiki Loves Monuments 2023 Outreach in Telangana * Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan Photography contest results and exhibition of images * Train The Trainer 2023 Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/September 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 15:52, 10 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:12, 17 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == A2K Monthly Newsletter for October 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In the month of October, CIS-A2K achieved significant milestones and successfully concluded various initiatives. As a result, we have compiled a comprehensive monthly newsletter to showcase the events and activities conducted during the preceding month. This newsletter offers a detailed overview of the key information pertaining to our various endeavors. ; Conducted events * Image Description Month in India * WikiWomen Camp 2023 ** WWC 2023 South Asia Orientation Call ** South Asia Engagement * Wikimedia Commons session for Birdsong members * Image Description Month in India Training Session Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/October 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 05:25, 7 नवंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 नवंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == A2K Community Needs Assessment Form == In late November, A2K hosted a significant call as part of [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/WikiConverse India Calls/2023 A2K Needs Assessment Event|WikiConverse India discussions]], aiming to understand the diverse needs of Indian Communities! We deeply appreciate the active participation of every community member, as your valuable suggestions and opinions will be instrumental in shaping A2K's future initiatives. To enrich this collaborative effort, we've crafted a [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFfRvf844FKb1La0UC7fXHzofxrZorpr3QjDGJL1a0iOgXyQ/viewform form]. Your responses will provide key components for a broader needs assessment, offering profound insights into the community's suggestions and guiding A2K’s future plans. We invite you to invest just a few precious minutes in sharing your thoughts, ideas, efforts, and impactful initiatives! If you have any doubts or queries, feel free to reach out to nitesh@cis-india.org. Thank you for being an integral part of our vibrant community! Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:44, 5 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Enhancing Your Wikimania 2024 Scholarship Application: Community Call and Volunteer Support == Dear Wikimedians, I hope this message finds you well. A2K is excited to share news about an upcoming A2K initiative to support Indian Wikimedians in the Wikimania 2024 scholarship process. ;Community Call with Experienced Wikimedians: Join the community call on December 9, 2023, featuring experienced Indian Wikimedians. Gain insights into the Wikimania scholarship process, key application elements, and participate in a Q&A session. ;Volunteer Committee: A dedicated volunteer committee will assist applicants through Zoom Room Support Sessions, offering one-on-one discussions, personalized feedback, and application enhancement strategies. For more details and to register: * Community Call Meta page: [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls/December 9, 2023 Call|link]] * Date: 9 December 2023 * Time: 6:00 PM to 7:30 PM IST We invite your active participation and look forward to your engagement in this community call. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 06:50, 7 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == A2K Monthly Report for November 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, CIS-A2K wrapped up several initiatives in November, and we've compiled a detailed monthly newsletter highlighting the events and activities from the past month. This newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of key information regarding our diverse endeavors. ; Conducted events * Heritage Walk in 175 year old Pune Nagar Vachan Mandir library * 2023 A2K Needs Assessment Event * Train The Trainer Report Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/November 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 05:54, 11 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == A2K Monthly Report for December 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In December, CIS-A2K successfully concluded various initiatives, and we have curated an in-depth monthly newsletter summarizing the events and activities of the past month. This newsletter offers a comprehensive overview of key information, showcasing our diverse endeavors. ; Conducted events * Digital Governance Roundtable * Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls: Wikimania Scholarship Call * Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 * A2K Meghalaya Visit Highlights: Digitization and Collaboration * Building Bridges: New Hiring in CIS-A2K * Upcoming Events ** Upcoming Call: Disinformation and Misinformation in Wikimedia projects Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/December 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 06:54, 12 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2024, to March 31, 2024 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:26, 18 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:26, 18 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == A new feature for previewing references on your wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Page Previews and Reference Previews.png|alt=Montage of two screenshots, one showing the Reference Previews feature, and one showing the Page Previews feature|right|350x350px]] ''Apologies for writing in English. If you can translate this message, that would be much appreciated.'' Hi. As announced some weeks ago ^{[<nowiki/>[[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CNPRQE2IG5ZNAVAOHBMF4AXXRLGJE6UT/|1]]] [<nowiki/>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|2]]]}, Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team introduced [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] to many wikis, including this one. This feature shows popups for references in the article text. While this new feature is already usable on your wiki, most people here are not seeing it yet because your wiki has set [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Relation to gadgets|a gadget as the default]] for previewing references. We plan to remove the default flag from the gadget on your wiki soon. This means: * The new default for reference popups on your wiki will be Reference Previews. * However, if you want to keep using the gadget, you can still enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|your personal settings]]. The benefit of having Reference Previews as the default is that the user experience will be consistent across wikis and with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page_Previews|Page Previews feature]], and that the software will be easier to maintain overall. This change is planned for February 14. If you have concerns about this change, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|please let us know on this talk page]] by February 12. – Kind regards, [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 09:30, 23 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johanna_Strodt_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=26116190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == A2K Monthly Report for January 2024 == <br /><small>Feel free to translate into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In January, CIS-A2K successfully concluded several initiatives, and we are pleased to present a comprehensive monthly newsletter summarizing the events and activities of the past month. This newsletter provides an extensive overview of key information, highlighting our diverse range of endeavors. ; Conducted Events * Roundtable on Digital Cultures * Discussion on Disinformation and Misinformation in Wikimedia Projects * Roundtable on Digital Access You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/January 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 19:16, 9 फरवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 फरवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:56, 12 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:00, 15 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == A2K Monthly Report for February 2024 == <br /><small>Feel free to translate into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In February, CIS-A2K effectively completed numerous initiatives, and we are delighted to share a detailed monthly newsletter encapsulating the events and activities from the previous month. This newsletter offers a thorough glimpse into significant updates, showcasing the breadth of our varied undertakings. ; Collaborative Activities and Engagement * Telugu Community Conference 2024 * International Mother Language Day 2024 Virtual Meet * Wiki Loves Vizag 2024 ; Reports * Using the Wikimedia sphere for the revitalization of small and underrepresented languages in India * Open Movement in India (2013-23): The Idea and Its Expressions Open Movement in India 2013-2023 by Soni You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/February 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:12, 18 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == CIS-A2K announcing Community Collaborations program == <small>Please feel free to translate this into your preferred language.</small> Dear Wikimedians, Exciting news from A2K! We're thrilled to announce that CIS-A2K is now seeking proposals for collaborative projects and activities to advance Indic Wikimedia projects. If you've got some interesting ideas and are keen on co-organizing projects or activities with A2K, we'd love to hear from you. Check out all the details about requirements, process, timelines, and proposal drafting guidelines right [[m:CIS-A2K/Community Collaboration|here]]. We're looking forward to seeing your proposals and collaborating to boost Indic Wikimedia projects and contribute even more to the open knowledge movement. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:25, 18 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == A2K Monthly Report for March 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, A2K is pleased to present its monthly newsletter for March, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K during the month. This newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of the events and activities conducted, giving you insight into our collaborative efforts and engagements. ; Collaborative Activities and Engagement * [[Commons:Wiki Loves Vizag 2024|Wiki Loves Vizag: Fostering Open Knowledge Through Photography]] ; Monthly Recap * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/She Leads|She Leads Program (Support)]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/WikiHour: Amplifying Women's Voices|WikiHour: Amplifying Women's Voices (Virtual)]] * [[:m:Wikimedia India Summit 2024|Wikimedia India Summit 2024]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Institutional Partners/Department of Language and Culture, Government of Telangana|Department of Language and Culture, Government of Telangana]] ; From the Team- Editorial ; Comic You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/March 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:17, 11 अप्रैल 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 अप्रैल 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == A2K Monthly Report for April 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are pleased to present our monthly newsletter for April, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K during the month. This newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of the events and activities conducted, giving you insight into our collaborative efforts and engagements. * In the Limelight- Chandan Chiring ; Monthly Recap * [[Commons:Tribal Culture Photography Competition]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls/April 12, 2024 Call]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/2024/Wikipedia training to Indian Language educators|Wikipedia Training to Indian Language educators]] * [[:m:Wiki Explores Bhadrachalam]] * Wikimedia Summit ; From the Team- Editorial ; Comic You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/April 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:22, 14 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == WMF’s Annual Plan Draft (2024-2025) and Session during the South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC) == Hi Everyone, This message is regarding the [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025|Wikimedia Foundation’s Draft Annual Plan for 2024-2025]], and in continuation of [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XER6M7X2LPMRVI4N5MPXMZ5G4UUMBIQR/ Maryana’s email]; inviting inputs from members of the movement. The entire annual plan is available in multiple languages and a shorter summary is available in close to 30 languages including many from South Asia; and open for your feedback. We invite you all to a session on the Annual Plan during 19th May's [:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC)]], in line with the [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Collaboration|collaborative approach]] adopted by the foundation for finalizing Annual Plans. The discussion will be hosted by members of the senior leadership of the Wikimedia Foundation. Call Details (Please add the details to your respective calendars) * [https://meet.google.com/ffs-izis-bow Google Meeting] ** Date/Time: 19th May 2024 @ 1230-1400 UTC or 1800-1930 IST You can add any questions/comments on Etherpad [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/South_Asia_Community_Call]; pre-submissions welcomed. Ps: To know more about the purpose of an Annual Plan, please read our [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan#Frequently_Asked_Questions_(FAQ) listed FAQs]. Look forward to seeing you on the call. Best [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:35, 14 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=24930250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:14, 3 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Wikimedia Technology Summit (WTS) 2024 - Scholarships == ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' [[metawiki:3rd_Wikimedia_Technology_Summit_(WTS_2024)|Wikimedia Technology Summit (WTS) 2024]] is focused on using technology to enhance inclusivity across Wikipedia and its associated projects. We aim to explore strategies for engaging underrepresented communities and languages while also strengthening the technical foundation. By fostering collaboration between developers, users, and researchers, we can unite our efforts to create, innovate, and advance the technology that drives open knowledge. We invite community members residing in India who are interested in attending WTS 2024 in person to apply for scholarships by July 10, 2024. The summit will be held at IIIT Hyderabad, India, in October 2024. To apply, please fill out the application form by clicking [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeoO22CuLXrNzL10rJ2guQsxuVtgJAP82EUYuZyBI46nPAHWw/viewform this link]]. On behalf of the WTS 2024 Scholarship Committee :[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Kasyap|Kasyap]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Kasyap|बात करीं]]) 09:13, 11 जून 2024 (UTC) == Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Bhojpuri Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Bhojpuri Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. We will be enabling the initial version of this feature first in Igbo Wikipedia, and your Wikipedia is the next to test and have this feature since it will be beneficial for reading content in other languages. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [[:bh:Special:AutomaticTranslation|'''test it''']] so you can: * Ask us questions * Tell us how to improve the feature * Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia '''About the feature''' The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Bhojpuri Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Bhojpuri language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the media files below). {{Gallery | align = center | height =450 | width =200 | whitebg = no | noborder = yes | File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point. | File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point }} These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available. This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers. '''How to try the tool''' Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 26th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in your Wikipedia at [[:bh:Special:AutomaticTranslation|Special:AutomaticTranslation]] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wiki_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on: * How do you use the feature * Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it? * Your ideas for improving it. We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you. On behalf of the WMF Language team. [[प्रयोगकर्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 21:53, 13 जून 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == A2K Monthly Report for May 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are pleased to present our May newsletter, showcasing the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K throughout the month. This edition offers a comprehensive overview of our events and activities, providing insights into our collaborative efforts and community engagements. ; In the Limelight: Openness for Cultural Heritage ; Monthly Recap * Digitisation Workshop * [[Commons:Tribal Culture Photography Competition]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Wiki Technical Training 2024|Wiki Technical Training]] ; Dispatches from A2K ; Coming Soon * Future of Commons Convening You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/May 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:36, 27 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:02, 10 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:52, 18 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == A2K Monthly Report for June 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to share our June newsletter, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K over the past month. This edition provides a detailed overview of our events and activities, offering insights into our collaborative efforts and community engagements and a brief regarding upcoming initiatives for next month. ; In the Limelight- Book Review: Geographies of Digital Exclusion ; Monthly Recap * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Wiki Technical Training 2024|Wiki Technical Training]] * Strategy discussion (Post-Summit Event) ; Dispatches from A2K * Future of Commons ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Gearing up for Wikimania 2024 * Commons workshop and photo walk in Hyderabad ; Comic You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/June 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 06:23, 26 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:46, 27 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Project Announcement: Enhancing Indic Oral Culture on Wikimedia Projects == Hello Wikimedians! We are glad to announce that the Wikimedia funded project '''Enhancing Indic Oral Culture on Wikimedia projects''' is now underway. It is a project focusing on facilitating citizen archivists to document their language and culture. Training, support, compensation for field visits, and regular guidance are some of the facilities that will be provided to volunteer participants. If you or someone you know who is interested in participating, please feel free to get in touch with us and feel free to reach out to us at [https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/#inbox/QgrcJHsHprJJLpMxkvqcRWzNFKQqhtgbPhl?compose=CllgCJlHDnDbVzDLNdwxSMdTJVChFjvBfWxwPfbZbfgqFvFJVcgVfdjCHMxwbhsphMHtBBMGCnV '''amritsufi2@gmail.com'''] or [https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/#inbox/QgrcJHsHprJJLpMxkvqcRWzNFKQqhtgbPhl?compose=DmwnWrRqhsNXsDVpjclDlmLsqfVmFtxjlnfXstNvZRTjWccJmwBpXbxdWLvTBznGCHbbFxJzdtzG '''yakshitharp6@gmail.com''']<br> We have attached a flyer link which contains more information about the project. Here is the registration link to participate: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdpV8QD9QXn7HXlm1OdOAk5Ko0a7hIwMkfQYyeeiXt0JsO4kw/viewform?lsrp=1 '''Here''']<br> [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1utpEFxARxoxkfB37xKm0aN-Qxi53Y92x/view '''Invitation Link''']<br> Thank You<br> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Yakshitha|Yakshitha]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Yakshitha|बात करीं]]) 06:12, 31 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) == Train-the-Trainer (TTT) 2024: Call for Applications == ''Apologies for writing in English, please feel free to post this into your language.'' Dear Wikimedians, We are thrilled to announce the 9ninth iteration of the Train-the-Trainer (TTT) program, co-hosted by CIS-A2K and the Odia Wikimedians User Group. TTT 2024 will be held from October 18-20, 2024, in Odisha. This event aims to enhance leadership and training skills among active Indian Wikimedians, with a focus on innovative approaches to foster deeper engagement and learning. ; Key Details: * Event Dates: October 18-20, 2024 * Location: Odisha, India * Eligibility: Open to active Indian Wikimedians * Scholarship Application Deadline: Thursday, August 15, 2024 We encourage all interested community members to apply for scholarships. Please review the event details and application guidelines on the [[:m:Meta page|Meta page]] before submitting your application. Apply Here: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeshY7skcMUfevuuzTr57tKr_wwoefrJ9iehq6Gn_R8jl6FmA/viewform Scholarship Application Form] For any questions, please post on the [[:m:Talk:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|Event talk page]] or email nitesh@cis-india.org. We look forward to your participation and contributions! Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:45, 31 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:29, 6 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Reminder: Apply for TTT 2024 Scholarships by August 22 == Dear Wikimedians, '''Important Reminder''': The scholarship application deadline has been extended till Thursday, August 22, 2024. We encourage active Wikimedians to submit their applications before the deadline. Please ensure you review the essential details on [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|Meta page]] regarding this event. Scholarship Application [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeshY7skcMUfevuuzTr57tKr_wwoefrJ9iehq6Gn_R8jl6FmA/viewform form] For any questions, please reach out on the Event talk page or via email at nitesh@cis-india.org or Chinmayee at chinumishra70@gmail.com. Regards, TTT 2024 Organising team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 20:15, 20 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 23:19, 22 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == A2K Monthly Report for July 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to share our July newsletter, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K over the past month. This edition provides a detailed overview of our events and activities, offering insights into our collaborative efforts and community engagements and a brief regarding upcoming initiatives for next month. ; In the Limelight- NEP Study Report ; Monthly Recap * [https://cis-india.org/raw/report-on-the-future-of-the-commons Future of Commons] * West Bengal Travel Report ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|Train the Trainer 2024]] You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/July 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 09:05, 28 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:05, 2 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:13, 3 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:36, 20 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == A2K Monthly Report for August 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to present our August newsletter, showcasing the impactful initiatives led by CIS-A2K throughout the month. In this edition, you'll find a comprehensive overview of our events and activities, highlighting our collaborative efforts, community engagements, and a sneak peek into the exciting initiatives planned for the coming month. ; In the Limelight- Doing good as a creative person ; Monthly Recap * Wiki Women Collective - South Asia Call * Digitizing the Literary Legacy of Sane Guruji * A2K at Wikimania * Multilingual Wikisource ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Tamil Content Enrichment Meet * Santali Wiki Conference * TTT 2024 You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/August 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:55, 26 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:57, 27 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:19, 6 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == A2K Monthly Report for September 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are thrilled to share our September newsletter, packed with highlights of the key initiatives driven by CIS-A2K over the past month. This edition features a detailed recap of our events, collaborative projects, and community outreach efforts. You'll also get an exclusive look at the exciting plans and initiatives we have in store for the upcoming month. Stay connected with our vibrant community and join us in celebrating the progress we’ve made together! ; In the Limelight- Santali Wiki Regional Conference 2024 ; Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Book Lover’s Club in Belagavi * CIS-A2K’s Multi-Year Grant Proposal * Supporting the volunteer-led committee on WikiConference India 2025 * Tamil Content Enrichment Meet * Experience of CIS-A2K's Wikimania Scholarship recipients ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Train-the-trainer 2024 * Indic Community Engagement Call * A2K at Wikimedia Technology Summit 2024 You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/September 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 15:13, 10 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 16 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == Announcing Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024 & scholarship applications == Dear Wikimedians, We hope you are well. We are thrilled to announce the upcoming [[:metawiki:Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]], hosted by the [[:metawiki:Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers UG]] (aka Indic-TechCom) in collaboration with the [[:metawiki:Odia Wikimedians User Group|Odia Wikimedians UG]]. The event will take place in Bhubaneswar during 20-22 December 2024. Wikimedia hackathons are spaces for developers, designers, content editors, and other community stakeholders to collaborate on building technical solutions that help improve the experience of contributors and consumers of Wikimedia projects. The event is intended for: * Technical contributors active in the Wikimedia technical ecosystem, which includes developers, maintainers (admins/interface admins), translators, designers, researchers, documentation writers etc. * Content contributors having in-depth understanding of technical issues in their home Wikimedia projects like Wikipedia, Wikisource, Wiktionary, etc. * Contributors to any other FOSS community or have participated in Wikimedia events in the past, and would like to get started with contributing to Wikimedia technical spaces. We encourage you to follow the essential details & updates on Meta-Wiki regarding this event. Event Meta-Wiki page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic_Wikimedia_Hackathon_Bhubaneswar_2024 Scholarship application form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf07lWyPJc6bxOCKl_i2vuMBdWa9EAzMRUej4x1ii3jFjTIaQ/viewform Click here to apply ] ''(Scholarships are available to assist with your attendance, covering travel, accommodation, food, and related expenses.)'' Please read the application guidance on the Meta-Wiki page before applying. The scholarship application is open until the end of the day 2 November 2024 (Saturday). If you have any questions, concerns or need any support with the application, please start a discussion on the event talk page or reach out to us contact@indicmediawikidev.org via email. Best, [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 09:35, 19 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/South_Asia_Village_Pumps&oldid=25720607 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:29, 22 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == A2K Monthly Report for October 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We’re thrilled to share our October newsletter, featuring the impactful work led or support by CIS-A2K over the past month. In this edition, you’ll discover a detailed summary of our events and initiatives, emphasizing our collaborative projects, community interactions, and a preview of the exciting plans on the horizon for next month. ; In the Limelight: TTT ;Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Wikimedia Technology Summit ; Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * TTT follow-ups You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/October 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:09, 8 नवंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Announcing Wikifile-transfer v2, and second community call == Dear Wikimedia Community, We are excited to announce the release of Wikifile-transfer v2, an enhanced tool to streamline media transfers across Wikimedia projects. Wikifile-transfer supports users in moving non-free images across wiki projects. This tool is helpful for contributors managing media across multiple language wikis. '''You can learn more about it here:''' https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic-TechCom/Tools/Wikifile-transfer/v2 '''You can try the new version here:''' https://wikifile-transfer.toolforge.org/#/ We invite you to join our second community call on '''November 10, 2024, at 18:00 IST (6:00 PM)'''. This meeting is an opportunity to discuss the new features, share feedback, and connect with us. Please add your name at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic-TechCom/Tools/Wikifile-transfer/v2#Community_call. Since this is a major new release, some bugs may still exist. We encourage you to report any issues you encounter to help us improve the tool further. We're looking forward to your feedback as we continue refining WikiFile-Transfer to meet the needs of our community. Regards -[[प्रयोगकर्ता:ParasharSarthak|ParasharSarthak]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:ParasharSarthak|बात करीं]]) == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 नवंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Bhojpuri Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Bhojpuri Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Bhojpuri Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[चित्र:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[चित्र:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 10th December 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[प्रयोगकर्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 04:45, 28 नवंबर 2024 (UTC) == [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation|Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to '''Initiate the discussions about India’s potential bid to host [[:m:Wikimania 2027|Wikimania 2027]]''', the annual international conference of the Wikimedia movement. This is a call to the community to express interest and share ideas for organizing this flagship event in India. Having a consortium of a good number of country groups, recognised affiliates, thematic groups or regional leaders primarily from Asia for this purpose will ultimately strengthen our proposal from the region. This is the first step in a collaborative journey. We invite all interested community members to contribute to the discussion, share your thoughts, and help shape the vision for hosting Wikimania 2027 in India. Your participation will ensure this effort reflects the strength and diversity of the Indian Wikimedia community. Please join the conversation on [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation#Invitation to Join the Conversation|Meta page]] and help make this vision a reality! Regards, <br> [[:m:Wikimedians of Kerala|Wikimedians of Kerala User Group]] and [[:m:Odia Wikimedians User Group|Odia Wikimedians User Group]] <br> This message was sent with [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) by [[m:User:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[m:User_talk:Gnoeee|talk]]) 15:14, 4 दिसंबर 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Indic_VPs&oldid=27906962 --> == A2K Monthly Report – November 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We’re excited to bring you the November edition of the CIS-A2K newsletter, highlighting our impactful initiatives and accomplishments over the past month. This issue offers a comprehensive recap of our events, collaborative projects, and community engagement efforts. It also provides a glimpse into the exciting plans we have lined up for the coming month. Stay connected with our vibrant community as we celebrate the progress we’ve made together! ; In the Limelight: Tulu Wikisource ; Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Learning hours Call * Dandari-Gussadi Festival Documentation, Commons Education Project: Adilabad * Executive Directors meeting at Oslo ; Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2024 * Learning Hours You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/November 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Warm regards, CIS-A2K Team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:46, 10 दिसंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28074658 --> == A2K Monthly Report – December 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Happy 2025! We are thrilled to share with you the December edition of the CIS-A2K Newsletter, showcasing our initiatives and achievements from the past month. In this issue, we offer a detailed recap of key events, collaborative projects, and community engagement efforts. Additionally, we provide a preview of the exciting plans we have in store for the upcoming month. Stay connected with our dynamic community as we celebrate the progress we’ve made together! ; In the Limelight: Santali Food Festival ; Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Learning hours Call * Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2024 * Santali Food Festival ; Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * She Leads Bootcamp You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/December 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Warm regards, CIS-A2K Team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:11, 12 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Open Community Call - [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation|Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedians, Happy 2025.. 😊 As you must have seen, members from Wikimedians of Kerala and Odia Wikimedia User Groups initiated preliminary discussions around submitting an Expression of Interest (EoI) to have Wikimania 2027 in India. You can find out more on the [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation|Meta Page]]. Our aim is to seek input and assess the overall community sentiment and thoughts from the Indian community before we proceed further with the steps involved in submitting the formal EOI. As part of the same, we are hosting an '''open community call regarding India's Expression of Interest (EOI) to host Wikimania 2027'''. This is an opportunity to gather your valuable feedback, opinions, and suggestions to shape a strong and inclusive proposal. * 📅 Date: Wednesday, January 15th 2025 * ⏰ Time: 7pm-8pm IST * 📍 Platform: https://meet.google.com/sns-qebp-hck Your participation is key to ensuring the EOI reflects the collective aspirations and potential of the vibrant South Asian community. Let’s join together to make this a milestone event for the Wikimedia movement in South Asia. We look forward to your presence! <br> Warm regards, <br> [[:m:Wikimedians of Kerala|Wikimedians of Kerala]] and [[:m:Odia Wikimedians User Group|Odia Wikimedians]] User Group's <br> This message was sent with [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) by [[m:User:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[m:User_talk:Gnoeee|talk]]) at 05:55, 14 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Indic_VPs&oldid=28100038 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:07, 16 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by February 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:15, 21 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_Dark_mode_deployment_list_(February_2025)&oldid=28153450 --> == New Wikimedia Campaign Launching Tomorrow: Indic Writing Systems Campaign 2025 == Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to announce the launch of the [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025|Indic writing systems campaign 2025]], which will take place from 23 January 2025 (World Endangered Writing Day) to 21 February 2025 (International Mother Language Day). This initiative is part of the ongoing efforts of [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems|WikiProject writing Systems]] to raise awareness about the documentation and revitalization of writing systems, many of which are currently underrepresented or endangered. Representatives from important organizations that work with writing systems, such as Endangered Alphabets and the Script Encoding Initiative, support the campaign. The campaign will feature two primary activities focused on the [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025/Lists|list of target scripts]]: * '''Wikidata Labelathon''': A focused effort to improve and expand the information related to South Asian scripts on Wikidata. * '''Wikipedia Translatathon''': A collaborative activity aimed at enhancing the coverage of South Asian writing systems and their cultural significance on Wikipedia. We are looking for local organizers to engage their respective communities. If you are interested in organizing, kindly sign-up [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025/Local Organizers|here]]. We also encourage all Indic Wikimedians to [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025/Participate|join us]] in this important campaign to help document and celebrate the diverse writing systems of South Asia. Thank you for your support, and we look forward to your active participation. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:29, 22 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) Navya sri Kalli <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 02:35, 29 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 02:35, 29 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 फरवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == A2K Monthly Newsletter – January 2025 == Dear Wikimedians, We are delighted to share the January edition of the CIS-A2K Newsletter, highlighting our initiatives and accomplishments from the past month. This issue features a detailed recap of key events, collaborative projects, and community engagement efforts. Plus, get a sneak peek at the exciting plans we have for the upcoming month. Let’s continue strengthening our community and celebrating our collective progress! ;In the Limelight * Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons App Usage in India: Key Insights and Challenges ;Dispatches from A2K ;Monthly Highlights * Learning Hours Call * She Leads Bootcamp 2025 * Wikisource Reader App ; Coming Soon – Upcoming Activities * Participation in Wikisource Conference * Second Iteration of She Leads Please read the full newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/January 2025|here]]<br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Looking forward to another impactful year ahead! Regards, CIS-A2K Team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:34, 12 फरवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=28096022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:28, 22 फरवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 मार्च 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:55, 13 मार्च 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 मार्च 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Invitation for the next South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC) with a focus on WMF's Annual Plans (27th April, 2025) == Dear All, The [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC)]] is a monthly call where South Asian communities come together to participate, share community activities, receive important updates and ask questions in the moderated discussions. The next SAOCC is scheduled for 27th April, 6:00 PM-7:00 PM (1230-1330 UTC) and will have a section with representatives from WMF who will be sharing more about their [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|Annual Plans]] for the next year, in addition to Open Community Updates. We request you all to please attend the call and you can find the joining details [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/South_Asia_Open_Community_Call#27_April_2025 here]. Thank you! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:25, 14 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=28543211 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:10, 16 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:40, 29 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 मई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|बातचीत]])</bdi> 22:06, 15 मई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:26, 22 मई 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 03:07, 28 मई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Update from A2K team: May 2025 == Hello everyone, We’re happy to share that the ''Access to Knowledge'' (A2K) program has now formally become part of the '''Raj Reddy Centre for Technology and Society''' at '''IIIT-Hyderabad'''. Going forward, our work will continue under the name [[:m:IIITH-OKI|Open Knowledge Initiatives]]. The new team includes most members from the former A2K team, along with colleagues from IIIT-H already involved in Wikimedia and Open Knowledge work. Through this integration, our commitment to partnering with Indic Wikimedia communities, the GLAM sector, and broader open knowledge networks remains strong and ongoing. Learn more at our Team’s page on Meta-Wiki. We’ll also be hosting an open session during the upcoming [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call]] on 6 - 7 pm, and we look forward to connecting with you there. Thanks for your continued support! Thank you Pavan Santhosh, On behalf of the Open Knowledge Initiatives Team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=28543211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|बातचीत]]) 16:47, 29 मई 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == 📣 Announcing the South Asia Newsletter – Get Involved! 🌏 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians of South Asia! 👋 We’re excited to launch the planning phase for the '''South Asia Newsletter''' – a bi-monthly, community-driven publication that brings news, updates, and original stories from across our vibrant region, to one page! We’re looking for passionate contributors to join us in shaping this initiative: * Editors/Reviewers – Craft and curate impactful content * Technical Contributors – Build and maintain templates, modules, and other magic on meta. * Community Representatives – Represent your Wikimedia Affiliate or community If you're excited to contribute and help build a strong regional voice, we’d love to have you on board! 👉 Express your interest though [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfhk4NIe3YwbX88SG5hJzcF3GjEeh5B1dMgKE3JGSFZ1vtrZw/viewform this link]. Please share this with your community members.. Let’s build this together! 💬 This message was sent with [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) by [[m:User:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[m:User_talk:Gnoeee|talk]]) at 15:42, 6 जून 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/South_Asia_Village_Pumps&oldid=25720607 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 13 जून 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:43, 17 जून 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:56, 27 जून 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:45, 14 जुलाई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Call for Expression of Interest – Advanced Train the Trainer 2025 (ATTT) == ''Sorry for writing in English. Please feel free to translate it into your language.'' The [[:m:IIITH-OKI|Open Knowledge Initiatives]] (OKI) team at IIIT-Hyderabad is organising [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025|Advanced Train the Trainer (ATTT) 2025]], tentatively in the second week of October 2025 at IIIT-Hyderabad. The program is for experienced Wikimedians who have attended TTT earlier and wish to deepen their leadership, thematic expertise, and practical skills. It will run in parallel [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Tracks|tracks]]: * ''' Evaluation, Impact, and Data Storytelling''' – Measure, analyse, and communicate the impact of Wikimedia initiatives. * '''Project Design Challenge''' – Develop a 3-month project with mentoring and planning tools. Info about the event: * Deadline: 20 August 2025 * Apply here: [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Expression of Interest|Expression of Interest form]] If you cannot apply directly on Meta, email your proposal (following the Meta template) with a valid reason to nitesh@research.iiit.ac.in. — Open Knowledge Initiatives Team, IIIT-Hyderabad [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:00, 14 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == Expression of Interest Extended: Advanced Train the Trainer 2025 == Dear all, We are pleased to inform you that the deadline to submit your Expression of Interest has been extended until '''26 August'''. The [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025|Advanced Train the Trainer]] (ATTT) 2025 will be held on '''10, 11, and 12 October 2025 at IIIT-Hyderabad'''. ATTT is designed for experienced Wikimedians who have or have not previously participated in Train the Trainer, but wish to develop further their leadership, thematic expertise, and practical application skills. The training will run in two thematic tracks: * '''Evaluation, Impact, and Data Storytelling''' – Learn to measure, analyse, and narrate the impact of Wikimedia initiatives through hands-on labs and peer feedback. * '''Project Design: From Learning to Action''' – Work on a 3-month project with mentoring and planning tools, turning learning into impactful, context-driven initiatives. ** Apply here: [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Expression of Interest|Expression of Interest form]] ** Deadline to apply (extended): 26 August 2025 ** Event Dates: 10-12 October 2025 We will share further updates with you soon. ''Note: If you are unsure about which track to choose, please still submit your application by answering the questions thoroughly. Our team will review it and assign you to the most suitable track. If you are not comfortable applying directly on Meta, you may send your proposal (using the Meta template and with a valid reason) to nitesh@research.iiit.ac.in. If selected, the OKI team will publish it on Meta on your behalf.'' We look forward to receiving your applications and working together to shape impactful Wikimedia leadership! Regards, Open Knowledge Initiatives Team IIIT-Hyderabad [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:42, 20 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == Final Call: Apply for Advanced Train the Trainer 2025 by Today == Dear all, This is a kind reminder that today is the '''last day''' to submit your '''Expression of Interest for Advanced Train the Trainer 2025'''. If you are interested, we warmly encourage you to complete your application at the earliest using the link below: [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Expression of Interest|Here]] ''Please note that we will not be able to accommodate requests for reopening the form after the deadline. Once submissions close, our team will begin the review process.'' We look forward to your participation and thank you for your continued interest in strengthening leadership within our communities. Regards, IIITH-OKI [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:35, 26 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:35, 26 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == Global discussion on Welcome messages == <div lang{{=}}"en" dir{{=}}"ltr">Sorry that this message is in English. {{int:please-translate}}. There is a request for comment at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests for comment/Welcoming policy]] on a proposal to forbid sending [[:m:welcome messages|welcome messages]] to users who have not made an edit, which is currently in practice at your wiki. Your comment on this matter would be appreciated.</div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 02:38, 13 सितंबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:DreamRimmer/MMS_list&oldid=29262336 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 सितंबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 04:48, 9 अक्टूबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 अक्टूबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 अक्टूबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 नवंबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया कार्यशाला भागीदारी सूचना == '''[[m:Hindi Wikimedians User Group|हिंदी विकिमीडियन्स यूज़र ग्रुप]]''' एवं ''' भोजपूरी केंद्र, बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय''' द्वारा विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन के सौजन्य से 1 दिसंबर, २०२५ को '''[[विकिपीडिया:भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया|भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया]]''' विषय पर बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय के भोजपुरी केंद्र में एगो प्रशिक्षण कार्यशाला के आयोजन करल जात बानी। इ स्थानीय स्तर के एक दिन के प्रशिक्षण कार्यशाला में 50 विद्यार्थियों एवं शोधार्थियों के शामिल होवे के संभावना बाटे। ई कार्यशाला में बनारस के भोजपूरी औ्र हिंदी विकिपीडिया संपादक के स्वागत बा। भाग लेवे के इच्छुक सदस्य [[विकिपीडिया:भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया]] के भागीदार अनुभाग में अपन हस्ताक्षर करी आ आयोजक से संपर्क करीं।। -[[प्रयोगकर्ता:अनिरुद्ध कुमार|अनिरुद्ध कुमार]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:अनिरुद्ध कुमार|बात करीं]]) 06:41, 28 नवंबर 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 13:20, 18 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:59, 23 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-01-26_Wikipedias&oldid=29972868 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:11, 3 अप्रैल 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Invitation to join South Asian Community and the Annual Planning Discussions with WMF == "Kindly feel free to translate this text into your own language." Dear Community member, We would like to invite you all to the April edition of the South Asia Open Community Call that will focus on a discussion with the leadership of the Wikimedia Foundation on their [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Annual Plan (2026-2027)]]. The [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan|Foundation’s Annual Plan]] is a high-level roadmap for what the organisation aims to achieve in the coming year. It includes not only the foundation’s Goals, Progress, and plan but also a summary of Global Trends that impact the present and future of our movement. This is the right time for the South Asia community to participate and share their thoughts on the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan, helping shape it together. Share your hopes, concerns, bold ideas, and specific requests to contribute to the Foundation’s planning. Hence, the next [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call]] will be hosted on the following dates/times. Please mark the same in your calendar and sign up [[:m:Event:South Asia Open Community Call, April 2026|here]]. * Platform: Google Meet * Date: 17th April, 2026 * Time: 1930-2045 IST (1400-1515 UTC) * Registration Link: [[:m:Event:South Asia Open Community Call, April 2026|here]] Note: Only those who have registered will receive the joining link. Look forward to seeing you on the call, Best, [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:41, 5 अप्रैल 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 00:57, 26 अप्रैल 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Applications: TTT 2026 (Deadline Extended to 20 May) == ''<small>Apologies for writing in English. Please feel free to translate this into your language.</small>'' Hello everyone, We hope you are doing well. We would like to share that applications for the [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Train the Trainer Program/2026|Train the Trainer (TTT) 2026]] program are currently open. TTT is a capacity-building initiative aimed at supporting Wikimedians in developing training, facilitation, and leadership skills. We are happy to inform you that the scholarship application deadline has been [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Train the Trainer Program/2026/Scholarship|extended until 20 May 2026]]. We are still receiving applications and encourage interested community members, especially emerging leaders, to [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/17eq6lJNCTVBoKRqz5IdSCiYWv-eHBrYRnx1wXfncwLI/viewform?edit_requested=true&pli=1 apply]. We also request your support in sharing this opportunity within your communities and networks, so that it can reach a wider and more diverse group of participants. Thank you for your continued support. '''OKI (IIIT-H)''' [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 13:02, 17 मई 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=30361720 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 मई 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|बातचीत]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 जून 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 जून 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == WikiConference India 2026: Call for Submissions and Self-funded applications == Dear Community Members, We are pleased to announce that self-funded registration and the Call for Submissions for [1] [[m:WikiConference_India_2026|'''WikiConference India 2026''']] are now open. WikiConference India 2026 will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4th to 6th September 2026. The conference will bring together Wikimedians, community leaders, developers, researchers, and open knowledge enthusiasts from across India and South Asia to connect, collaborate, and share experiences. The theme for WCI 2026 is '''“Reimagining the Knowledge Commons: Community Leadership in an Evolving Wikimedia Ecosystem.”''' As the Wikimedia movement navigates rapid technological changes, including the rise of AI and new models of knowledge creation, the conference aims to create space for conversations around community leadership, knowledge equity, regional languages, open knowledge, and the future of Wikimedia in India and South Asia. === Self-Funded Registration === The self-funded registration application is now live on Pretix. * Details and Eligibility [2] : [[m:WikiConference_India_2026/Registration|'''[Registration Meta Page Link]''']] * Registration Form [3] :  '''https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/WCI2026/''' * Last date for registration : '''July 15th, 2026''' === Call for Submissions === The Call for Submissions is now live on Eventyay. We invite proposals for workshops, discussions, panels, interactive sessions, lightning talks, and poster presentations. Whether you are an experienced contributor or a newer community member, your ideas, experiences, and learnings can help shape the conference program and contribute to important conversations across the movement. * Details and Guidelines [4] : '''[<nowiki/>[[m:WikiConference_India_2026/Programme/Submissions|Link to Meta-Wiki Submission Page]]]''' * Submission Deadline: '''[July 15th, 2026]''' For complete information about WikiConference India 2026, including participation details, timelines, conference updates, and submission guidelines, please refer to the official announcement: * Detailed Announcement [5]: [[diffblog:2026/06/26/shape-the-future-call-for-submissions-open-for-wikiconference-india-2026/|'''[Blog Post Link]''']] We encourage community members to register, submit proposals, and share this announcement within their networks. Regards, WikiConference India 2026 Organizing Team [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026 [2] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Registration [3] https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/WCI2026/ [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Programme/Submissions [5] https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/26/shape-the-future-call-for-submissions-open-for-wikiconference-india-2026/ [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Amrit Sufi|Amrit Sufi]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Amrit Sufi|बात करीं]]) 09:54, 30 जून 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 जुलाई 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Invitation to Participate in Kerala Culture Month 2026 == Dear Wikimedia Contributors, We are excited to announce '''[[m:Kerala_Culture_Month_2026|Kerala Culture Month 2026]]''', a collaborative campaign launched in conjunction with '''[[m:WikiConference_India_2026|WikiConference India 2026]]'''. This initiative aims to expand and enhance content about Kerala across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. '''Campaign Focus:''' * Expand Wikipedia articles about Kerala in multiple languages * Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information * Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed Kerala media * Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Kerala-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kerala_Culture_Month_2026 on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards, ''Communications Team, WCI 2026'' <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Shadabgdg|Shadabgdg]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Shadabgdg|बात करीं]]) 15:55, 25 जुलाई 2026 (UTC) == Community Tech Task Force: Technical needs assessment for Indic communities == ''Please feel free to translate it into your language.'' </br> </br> Hello everyone, </br> </br> We hope you're doing well! </br> </br> The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group] (IMDUG) is reaching out to Wikimedia communities across India to strengthen collaboration and better understand the technical needs of different language communities. Last year, we piloted [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025 Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025] initiative by engaging with two language communities to understand their technical challenges and identify opportunities for collaboration. Based on our learnings, experience, and the valuable insights we received, we are expanding the initiative this year to reach all Indic communities. Our goal is to reach every community and understand where technical support is most needed. === What are we looking for? === We invite your community to nominate one or two points of contact and share: *The name of your Wikimedia community. *A primary and alternate community contact. *Telegram usernames of the nominated contacts. *A brief overview of your community's technical challenges, needs, or priorities. </br> This could include areas such as: *Editing or patrolling workflows that could be improved. *Gadgets, tools, or bots that your community needs. *Template or interface-related challenges. *Technical barriers faced by contributors. *Any other broad technical priorities for your community. === How to participate === Please fill out the community response [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog form] by '''18th August'''. If your community prefers, you are also welcome to reply directly on this message. === What happens next? === The information collected will help us: *Build a network of community contacts for future technical collaboration. *Understand and prioritize the technical needs of Indic Wikimedia communities. *Plan focused technical support and community engagement activities. *Connect communities with developers and relevant technical initiatives where appropriate. </br> Please note that while we will carefully review every submission, our ability to provide support will depend on the complexity of the request, available expertise within the User Group, volunteer bandwidth, and available resources. Although we may not be able to address every request immediately, we will make every effort to prioritize and support as many community needs as possible, and where appropriate, connect communities with the relevant developers or technical channels. We look forward to working more closely with your community! </br> '''Best wishes,''' </br> [[User:Kalli navya|Navya sri Kalli]] </br> ''On behalf of the Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group (IMDUG)'' == Invitation to pre-conference activities for WikiConference India 2026 == Dear Wikimedia contributors, As the Wikiconference India 2026 draws nearer, the excitement is soaring as well! We are sending this message to inform you that two pre-conference activities are being held as a part of this meetup. The Wiki Loves Villages campaign 2026 starts on 15th August 2026, so get ready to contribute! This initiative aims to expand and enhance content and media about villages across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. Campaign Focus: A. Expand Wikipedia articles about Villages in India in multiple languages B. Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information C. Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed media about a village D. Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Village-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Another way to contribute to a pre-conference activity is the innovative Wiki Loves Medicinal Plants 2026- it is a photography campaign hosted by WikiConference India 2026. The activity already started on 1st August and ends on 31st August 2026, so gear up to document local medicinal knowledge and fill the knowledge gaps. This initiative aims to expand and enhance freely licensed images and other media of medicinal plants in and around our surroundings. Campaign Focus: A. Add freely licensed images of medicinal plants. B. Improve description of existing medicinal plants. C. Improve depictions of images. D. Improve wikidata items. We invite you to contribute by adding new photos, videos or enhancing existing ones. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. To know more about how to contribute, rules, and tips head to the Meta page to find information ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards,<br>WikiConference India 2026 pre-conference organizing team -- [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|बात करीं]]) 15:35, 13 अगस्त 2026 (UTC) == निवेदन == हम भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर निक संपादन क रहल बानी आ वैश्विक स्तर पर हमार 11,900+ संपादन बा। [[विकिपीडिया:रोलबैकर्स अधिकार हेतु निवेदन#AMAN KUMAR|आपन समर्थन इहां दी]]। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:AMAN KUMAR|AMAN KUMAR]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:AMAN KUMAR|बात करीं]]) 07:45, 31 अगस्त 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' * You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}. * If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': * Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 सितंबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:20, 21 सितंबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067418 --> == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].<br/> Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes. Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 09:28, 9 अक्टूबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' * You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|en}}. * If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': * Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:01, 26 अक्टूबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India – Call for Participation == Hello everyone, India has a rich food culture, with diverse dishes, ingredients, cooking traditions and regional food practices. Many of these are not yet well represented on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. '''Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India''' is a photography competition on Wikimedia Commons organised by the [[m:Punjabi Wikimedians|Punjabi Wikimedians User Group]] as part of the international Wiki Loves Food 2026 campaign. It invites people across India to photograph local food and culinary traditions and share their images under a free license. '''Competition details:''' * '''Dates:''' 1 to 30 November 2026 * '''Platform:''' Wikimedia Commons * '''Who can participate:''' Anyone with a Wikimedia Commons account '''What can you photograph?''' * Traditional dishes, festival foods and home-cooked meals * Local ingredients, spices and grains * Cooking methods and food preparation * Street food, markets and regional food traditions Your photographs can help improve the coverage of India's food culture across Indian-language Wikipedia articles. For the rules, prizes and participation details, visit the [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India|competition page]] For questions, visit the [[c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India|competition's talk page]] Please share this announcement with your communities and anyone interested in documenting India's food culture. We look forward to contributions from different regions across the country. '''Warm regards,''' On behalf of the Wiki Loves Food 2026 India organizing team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:VanshikaRathi|VanshikaRathi]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:VanshikaRathi|बात करीं]]) 08:57, 28 अक्टूबर 2026 (UTC) == WikiRefine: A 15-Day Wikipedia Article Improvement Campaign == Hello everyone, The Open Knowledge Initiatives (OKI) team is pleased to announce '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine WikiRefine]''', a 15-day article improvement campaign taking place from '''7 to 21 November 2026'''. We invite editors from all participating language communities to take part. The campaign aims to encourage Wikimedians to improve the overall quality of Wikipedia articles, with a focus on references, article structure, readability, images, internal links and other aspects of content development. ; Article lists For this campaign, we have prepared lists based on the 100 most-read articles from the last five years for participating language Wikipedias. You can find the article lists and other campaign information here: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine/List_of_Articles View the article lists] ;Evaluating article improvements We will be using the [https://wikieval.toolforge.org/ WikiEval tool], developed to support the evaluation of Wikipedia content during campaigns. It will help assess article quality and track improvements made throughout WikiRefine. ;What happens after the campaign? WikiRefine will also serve as a preparatory activity for a follow-up in-person event focused on qualitative improvements to local-language Wikipedias. We aim to bring together the top two participants (from India only) from each participating community. Their contributions will be assessed by a jury of experienced Wikimedians familiar with the respective languages. We encourage each community to identify up to three organisers, ensuring diverse representation of genders and both new and experienced Wikimedians. Jury members should be experienced contributors with a good understanding of their respective language Wikipedias. '''We invite everyone to participate, improve articles and help make knowledge in our languages more comprehensive and accessible.''' ([[m:IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine/Community Sign-up|Community Sign-up page]]) For more information, please visit the [[m:IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine|WikiRefine project page]]. '''Note:''' A few language Wikipedia article lists have not yet been added to the dedicated page due to a technical issue with the tool. We are working to resolve this and aim to add them before the campaign begins. Thank you! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:11, 4 नवंबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(OKI)/lists/Indic_Wikipedia_VPs&oldid=31250414 --> 9u8u35c7elv80kk8o59ahrl5n98htn0 814149 814148 2026-11-06T15:53:29Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814149 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--चौपाल में नया विषय जोड़े की चिप्पी जोड़ी -->__NEWSECTIONLINK__<!-- चर्चा पृष्ठ के आवश्यक शीर्ष टिप्पणी --> <span class="plainlinks" id="coordinates">[[File:Facebook icon.svg|14px|link=//facebook.com/bhwiki/]] [//facebook.com/bhwiki/ फेसबुक] – [[File:Twitter.svg|16px|link=//twitter.com/bhwikipedia]] [//twitter.com/bhwikipedia ट्विट्टर]</span> {{/हेडर}} == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:23, 24 दिसंबर 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter December 2022 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Hope everything is well. CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is here which is for the month of December. A few conducted events are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its December 2022 work. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and upcoming events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Launching of GLAM projects in Aurangabad|Launching of GLAM projects in Aurangabad]] * [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022/Online Meetup 10 Dec 2022|Online Meetup 10 Dec 2022 (Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022)]] * [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022]] ; Upcoming event * Mid-term Report 2022-2023 Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/December 2022|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscibe this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:43, 7 जनवरी 2023 (UTC) <small>On behalf of [[User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, In mid-January 2023, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed. The volunteer-led [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself. The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''. '''How to vote?''' Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voter information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll. '''Who can vote?''' The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server. '''What happens after the vote?''' Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CSinha (WMF)|CSinha (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:CSinha (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 10:01, 8 जनवरी 2023 (UTC) == Voting Opens on the Revised Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 2|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''{{subst:more languages}}'' Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting|voting period]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] is now open! Voting will remain open for two weeks and will close at '''23:59 UTC''' on '''January 31, 2023'''. Please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|'''voter information page''']] for voter eligibility information and details on how to vote. For more details on the Enforcement Guidelines and the voting process, see our [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_1|previous message]]. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, <section end="announcement-content" /> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CSinha (WMF)|CSinha (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:CSinha (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 11:50, 17 जनवरी 2023 (UTC) == Global ban for PlanespotterA320/RespectCE == Per the [[m:Global bans|Global bans]] policy, I'm informing the project of this request for comment: [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for PlanespotterA320 (2) ]] about banning a member from your community. Thank you.--[[User:Lemonaka|Lemonaka]] ([[User talk:Lemonaka|talk]]) 21:40, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Zabe@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lemonaka/Massmessagelist&oldid=24501599 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter January 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Hope everything is well. CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is here which is for the month of December. A few conducted events are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its January 2023 tasks. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and upcoming events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022]] * [[:m:Growing Local Language Content on Wikipedia (Project Tiger 2.0)/Writing Contest/Community Training 2022|Project Tiger 2.0 Training]] * [[:m:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Community Fund/Annual plan of the Centre for Internet and Society Access to Knowledge/Midpoint Report|Mid-term Report 2022-2023]] ; Upcoming event * [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/January 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscibe this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:11, 12 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == International Mother Language day 2023 Datathon == <small>Apologies to write in English.</small> Dear all, Hope you are doing well. CIS-A2K is going to organise [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|International Mother Language day 2023 Datathon]] on the occasion of and to celebrate International Mother language Day. The datathon will be from 21st February to 28 February 2023. During the week, we will contribute to Wikidata to add labels, descriptions, Aliases, items or properties and references to the statements. You can go through the given page link, add yourself and become a part of the event. During the datathon, we will finalise a day and organise a one or two-hour online session with a Wikidata expert to learn advanced tactics. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:49, 16 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Reminder: International Mother Language day 2023 Datathon == Dear all, The International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon will start tomorrow (after a few hours at 00:01 am) till 28 February. To contribute please add your name [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|here]]. We will contribute to Wikidata to add labels, descriptions, Aliases, items or properties and references to the statements. We have created the outreach dashboard to track the activities. [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/International_Mother_Language_Day/International_Mother_Language_Day_2023_Datathon Here] is the link. There will be an online session on Sunday. The session will be for 1:30 hrs. Please block your calendar for 4:00 to 5:30 pm. Jinoy will be there for a training session to introduce basics and the tools like 'TABernacle', 'QS' and 'Mix n Match' that can be used for adding labels and improving the existing WD item for newbies. Please reach out if you have any questions or concerns at program@cis-india.org. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:58, 20 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Community feedback-cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use starts == <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello community members, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use. [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language. This update comes in response to several things: * Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct. * Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license. * Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing. * Bringing the Terms of Use in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Wikimedia Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held: the first on 2 March and the second on 4 April. For further information, please consult: * The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Proposed update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]] * The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms of use|feedback]] * Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours|the office hours]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CSinha (WMF)|CSinha (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:CSinha (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 07:54, 22 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:20, 27 फरवरी 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter Feburary 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Hope everything is well. CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is here which is for the month of February. A few conducted events are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its February 2023 tasks and towards upcoming events. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and upcoming events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Digitization & Documentation of Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya|Digitization & Documentation of Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya]] * [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2023 Datathon]] * Wikidata Online Session ; Upcoming event * March Month Activity on Wikimedia Commons * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop|Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/February 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]] ([[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|talk]]) 04:50, 8 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == [[टेम्पलेट:Infobox India district]] के इस्तेमाल हटावल == नमस्कार सभका के। एह टेम्पलेट के इस्तेमाल वर्तमान समय में 500 से बेसी पन्ना सभ पर हो रहल बाटे। एहिजा सूचित कइल जा रहल बा कि एकरे जगह पर [[टेम्पलेट:Infobox settlement]] के इस्तेमाल कइल जाई। एकरा खातिर [https://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=गोरखपुर_जिला&diff=736269&oldid=692754 एह तरीका से बदलाव] कइल जाई। एह दौरान कुछ पन्ना सभ पर ज्ञानसंदूक सभ में दिहल जानकारी के कुछ हिस्सा अंग्रेजी में देख्लाई पड़ सके ला जेकरा के बाद में बॉट चला के एक्के साथे अनुबादित क दिहल जाई। कौनों किसिम के सुझाव/सलाह के स्वागत बा। एह काम में मदद करे खातिर आप सभ के स्वागत बाटे। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 09:30, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) == नीति निर्माण प्रस्ताव 2023 == नमस्कार सभका के, एहिजे एह प्रस्ताव द्वारा कुछ नीति सभ के प्रस्ताव समुदाय के सोझा रखल जा रहल बाड़ें जिनहन पर चर्चा आ सहमती के अनुरोध कइल जा रहल बा। संबंधित नीति सभ के बातचीत पन्ना सभ पर सवाल पूछल जा सकत बाने, सुधार सुझावित कइल जा सकत बा आ ओह चर्चा के बाद हेइजा आपन मत स्पष्ट रूप से, कारन सहित ब्यक्त कइल जा सकत बाटे। नीति सभ जे प्रस्तावित कइल जा रहल बाड़ीं: # [[विकिपीडिया:उल्लेखनीयता]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:उल्लेखनीयता|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:कठपुतरी नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:कठपुतरी नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:प्रतिबंध नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:प्रतिबंध नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:रोक नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:रोक नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:लिखाई अउरी अंक नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:लिखाई अउरी अंक नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:मशीनी अनुबाद नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:मशीनी अनुबाद नीति|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]])</small> # [[विकिपीडिया:आधार|आधार लेख निर्माण नीति]] <small>([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:आधार|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]]) # [[विकिपीडिया:भाषा दिसानिर्देस]] ([[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:भाषा दिसानिर्देस|वार्ता पन्ना पर चर्चा करीं]]) </small> एह चर्चा में समुदाय के सगरी लोग के स्वागत बा आ आम सहमती बनावे में सहजोग के उमेद बा। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 14:44, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) :एगो अउरी दिसानिर्देस [[विकिपीडिया:भाषा दिसानिर्देस]] ([[विकिपीडिया:भाषा दिसानिर्देस|चर्चा पन्ना]]) जोड़ल जा रहल बाटे। एहू पर, चर्चा पन्ना पर सुझाव आ सुधार आमंत्रित बाटे।--[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 16:18, 20 मार्च 2023 (UTC) == अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के नीति अउरी दिसानिर्देस लागू करे के प्रस्ताव == <div class="boilerplate discussion-archived mw-archivedtalk" style="background-color: #f5f3ef; overflow:auto; margin: 1em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa"> <div class="boilerplate-header"> :''ई चर्चा पूरा हो चुकल बाटे। <span style="color:red">'''एम्में अब कौनों बदलाव मत करीं।'''</span> आगे के टिप्पणी सभ नया खंड बना के कइल जाये के चाहीं।'' ''चर्चा के संछेप में रिजल्ट रहल'' ::'''सफल प्रस्ताव''': लमहर समय ले राय खातिर खुलल रहल चर्चा में बिना कौनों बिरोध होखे आ सक्रिय योगदानकरता लोग के समर्थन के हिसाब से '''एह नीति के लागू घोषित कइल जा रहल बा।'''--[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 19:40, 1 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) ---- <!-- from Template:discussion top--> </div> एहिजे ई प्रस्तावित कइल जा रहल बा कि कौनों बिसय चाहे मुद्दा पर भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर लोकल नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के अभाव में ओह बिसय से संबंधित अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के लागू मानल जाय आ, लोकल जरूरत के मोताबिक उनहन के युक्तियुक्त ढंग से पढ़ के, उनहन के हिसाब से कामकाज आ कार्रवाई कइल जाय। ;तार्किकता (रेशनेल): भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया एगो छोट विकिपीडिया हवे आ एहिजे प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के आ बढ़ियाँ से लिखल नीति आ दिसानिर्देस सभ के कमी बा। एकरे बिपरीत अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया पर भारी प्रयोगकर्ता संख्या के राय के आधार पर आ समस्या के दसा सभ के ब्यापक अनुभव वगैरह के बाद स्थापित नीति बाड़ी स। अइसन जरूरी ना बा कि एगो ज्ञानकोश निर्माण में आवे वाली हर समस्या से भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया के समुदाय परिचित होखे; जबकि अंग्रेजी पर बहुत ब्यापक अनुभव के बाद अइसन समस्या सभ के समाधान खातिर ब्यवस्थित तरीका बनावल गइल बाड़ें। एकर एकठो अउरी लाभ ई बा कि, हर नीति के लोकल आम सहमती से लागू करवावे के ना पड़ी आ अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के संबंधित नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के अनुबाद क के एहिजा लिखल जा सके ला जवना से भोजपुरी प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के उनहन के समझे में सुबिधा होखे। अइसन अनुबाद नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के रूप में ओही तरीका से प्रभावी मानल जइहें काहें से कि ऊ अंग्रेजी के नीति आ दिसनिर्देस सभ के अनुबाद भर होखिहें। ;सीमा: अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के हर नीति आ दिसानिर्देस के आँख-मूँद ढंग से एहिजे ना लागू कइल जा सके ला। कारन ई बा कि कई सारा जरूरत एहिजे लोकल हो सके लीं जिनहन खातिर अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया पर नीति भा दिसानिर्देस न मौजूद होखे। अइसनो हो सके ला कि अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के कौनों स्थापित नीति भा दिसानिर्देस के एकदम से ओही तरीका से एहिजे लागू कइल संभव न होखे; काहे से कि एहिजे ओह चीज से संबंधित मूल ब्यवस्थवे न होखे। उदाहरण खातिर अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया पर चेकयूजर, ओभरसाइट, आर्बिट्रेशन कमेटी वगैरह नियर कई ब्यवस्था बाड़ी स जिनहन के एहिजा अभाव बा आ उनहन से संबंधित काम मेटा विकि से करावल जाला। अइसन लोकल नामौजूद ब्यवस्था संबंधी नीति; चाहे अन्य नीति सभ में इनहन से संबंधित प्रावधान एहिजे यथारूप ना लागू कइल जा सके लें। अइसन दसा में विकिपीडिया के मूल भावना के धियान में रख के, अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के नीति आ दिसानिर्देस सभ के युक्तियुक्त ढंग से लागू करे के प्रस्ताव कइल जा रहल बाटे। एकर जिकिर संबंधित नीति में कइल गइल बा। ;लोकल: जरूरत आ सुबिधा के धियान में रख के लोकल रूप से नीति आ दिसानिर्देस बनावे खातिर प्रस्ताव ले आ के आम सहमती से अइसन नीति बनावल जा सके लीं जिनहन में अंग्रेजी के स्थापित नीति से हट के बेवस्था कइल गइल होखे। * [[विकिपीडिया:अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया नीति अउरी दिसानिर्देस लागू|प्रस्तावित नीति के कड़ी]] एह मुद्दा पर आपसभ के राय आ चर्चा के स्वागत बा। नीति में सुधार खातिर चर्चा एकरे [[विकिपीडिया वार्ता:अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया नीति अउरी दिसानिर्देस लागू|बातचीत पन्ना]] पर कइल जा सके ला। आ एहिजा आपन मत ब्यक्त कइल जा सके ला। सभकर स्वागत बा। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 14:44, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) === टिप्पणी अउरी मत === *नमस्कार, ये बात तो है नीति ना होने के कारण विवाद होते हैं और कई सदस्य इसका फायदा उठा के अपनी मनमानी करते हैं। ऐसा मैंने अपने अनुभव में हिन्दी विकिपीडिया में देखा है। मेरा सवाल ये है कि ऐसा किसी और विकि पे भी हो रखा है क्या ? और हम ये कैसे तय करेंगे कि कौन सी नीति मानी जाये और कौन सी नहीं ?-- [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|<font color="80 00 80">हिंदुस्थान वासी</font>]]^{''' [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|वार्ता]]'''} 13:52, 21 मार्च 2023 (UTC) **@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|हिंदुस्थान वासी]] जी, एह तरह के व्यवस्था शुरुआती दौर में कैंटोनीज विकिपीडिया पर लागू कइल गइल रहे, जइसन कि मेटा पर एकर एक ठो हवाला मौजूद बाटे (देखीं [[:meta:Manual_for_small_and_new_Wikipedias#Rules_are_important|मेटा पर एह खंड के आखिरी लाइन]] में), हालाँकि, अब अइसन बाटे कि ना ई नइखे मालुम। बाकी ई एक ठो उदाहरण बाटे कि अइसन कइल गइल बाटे आ कइल जा सके ला। ::जहाँ तक आपके ई सवाल बाटे कि कवन नीति मानल जाय, कवन ना, एकरा बिसय में नीति में प्रस्ताव कइल गइल बाटे। जवना चीज खातिर अलगा से लोकल नीति मौजूद होखी आ आम सहमती से इहाँ स्थापित होखी, ओह चीज खातिर लोकल नीति मानल जाई, बाकी सब खातिर अंग्रेजी नीति के युक्तियुक्त तरीका से पढ़ के इहाँ लागू मानल जाई। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 17:46, 24 मार्च 2023 (UTC) *'''समर्थन''' : वैसे तो पहली नज़र में यह नीति अनावश्यक सी लगती है लेकिन प्रस्ताव को पूरा पढ़ने पर प्रतीत हो रहा है कि यह करना उचित रहेगा। जहाँ सदस्यों को इस नीति से समस्या होगी, उसके सापेक्ष स्थानीय नीति प्रस्तावित करके सुधार किया जा सकता है।<span style="color:green;">☆★</span>[[user:संजीव कुमार|<u><span style="color:Magenta;">संजीव कुमार</span></u>]] ([[User talk:संजीव कुमार|<span style="color:blue;">✉✉</span>]]) 05:12, 24 मार्च 2023 (UTC) *'''समर्थन''' : कवन नियम मानल जाई आ कवन ना ई त समुदाय के ही मिलके ही तय करै के चाही। मुद्दा त ईहो बा कि एकरे बदे समुदाय केतना जागरूक बा। नियम क ज़रूरत तब पड़ैला जब कवनो समस्या होखे। अंग्रेजी क नियम बहुत सोच बिचार कयके बनावल गयल बा आ जदि मौजूदा कवनो नीति में समुदाय के समस्या होई त बिचार कयके संजीव जी के कहला अनुसार स्थानीय नियम प्रस्तावित कयल जा सकत बा। --[[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;color:red">'''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="color:green"> '''बातचीत'''</span>]]} 17:10, 9 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) *'''समर्थन''' : जबतक भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर लोकल नीति आउर दिसानिर्देस ना बन पावत ह तब तक अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया क नीति आउर दिसानिर्देस लागू कयल जा सकत ह। {{ping|SM7}} जी प्रस्ताव भइले ढेर दिन हो गयल बा। हो सके त अब एके लागू करे पर विचार करीं। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|सौरभ तिवारी 05]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|बात करीं]]) 15:02, 1 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) चर्चा पूरा भइल आ ई नीति अब लागू मानल जाई। आप सभ के धन्यवाद। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 19:39, 1 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) {{abot}} == नया प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार स्तर आ सुरक्षा स्तर लागू करे आ कुछ औजारन के प्रयोग सीमित करे के प्रस्ताव == {{Discussion top|reason= चर्चा पूरा भइल, प्रस्ताव Phabricator पर ले जाइल जात बा।}} भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर नाया प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार - '''सुस्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता''' के स्थापना खातिर ई प्रस्ताव रखल जात बा। ई अधिकार अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया के [[:en:WP:XC|Extended confirmed]] के नियर होखी। मने कि, प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के कुछ संपादन आ समय के बाद ई स्तर के अधिकार मिली। * कम से कम 30 दिन पुरान खाता आ साथे-साथ कम से कम 500 संपादन के सीमा * अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया नियर कुछ दसा में, प्रबंधक द्वारा, ऊपर बतावल सीमा से पहिले दिहल जाए के ब्यवस्था (अगर केहू पहिले से ई अधिकार प्राप्त ब्यक्ति अपना बैध दुसरे खाता खाती ई माँग करे) एही के साथे-साथ एकर इस्तेमाल खातिर नीचे दिहल चीज प्रस्तावित कइल जा रहल बाटे: * ई एगो '''सुरक्षा के स्तर''' होखी जेह पर, जरूरत पड़े पर, पन्ना सभ के प्रबंधक द्वारा सुरक्षित कइल जा सकत बा * '''पन्ना स्थानांतरण''' (मूव) करे, मने कि नाँव बदले, के सुबिधा एह अधिकार आ ऊपर वाला लोग (प्रबंधक) लोग के होखी * '''कंटेंट ट्रांसलेशन''' आ '''ट्विंकल''' नियर सुबिधा के इस्तेमाल एह अधिकार आ एकरे ऊपर वाला लोगन के होखी। * अउरी कौनों औजार भा सुबिधा के इस्तेमाल एह अधिकार ले सीमित कइल, जइसन भबिस्य में आम सहमती द्वारा फैसला होखे। अइसन प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार स्तर के जरूरत एह कारन बा कि वर्तमान में सुरक्षा के स्तर ऑटोकन्फर्म के बाद सीधा प्रबंधक स्तर बाटे। बीच में एगो सुरक्षा स्तर बनावल उचित रही जेह पर महत्ववाला पन्ना सभ के सुरक्षित कइल जा सके। एकरा से पन्ना स्थानांतरण के उत्पात के रोके आ कंटेंट अनुवाद उपकरण के इस्तेमाल से अंधाधुंध लेख बनावे पर भी नियंत्रण होखी। आपन राय नीचे दिहल जाय आ अगर कौनों सुझाव होखे तब इहाँ चर्चा कइल जाय। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} 14:47, 11 मार्च 2023 (UTC) === टिप्पणी अउरी मत === #'''समर्थन''' <span style="color:green;">☆★</span>[[user:संजीव कुमार|<u><span style="color:Magenta;">संजीव कुमार</span></u>]] ([[User talk:संजीव कुमार|<span style="color:blue;">✉✉</span>]]) 05:23, 24 मार्च 2023 (UTC) #'''समर्थन'''। भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर बढिया ढंग से काम करे खातिर आउर लेख क क्वालिटी सुधारे खातिर इ उचित उपाय ह। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|सौरभ तिवारी 05]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:सौरभ तिवारी 05|बात करीं]]) 19:35, 8 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) # कंटेंट ट्रांसलेसन वाले मुद्दा प हमरो राय इहे बा कि एकरे बदे सदस्यन क एक स्तर रखल बहुत ज़रूरी बा ना त कचरा बढ़त देर न लगी। बाक़ी मुद्दा पर भी '''समर्थन''' बा। --[[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;color:red">'''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="color:green"> '''बातचीत'''</span>]]} 17:27, 9 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) # '''समर्थन''', यदि प्रबंधक से नीचे कोई अधिकार यहाँ मौजूद नहीं है तो ये ठीक रहेगा। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|<font color="80 00 80">हिंदुस्थान वासी</font>]]^{''' [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिंदुस्थान वासी|वार्ता]]'''} 10:52, 9 मई 2023 (UTC) {{Discussion bottom}} == Women's Month Datathon on Commons == <small>Please help us to translate the message.</small> Hello Wikimedians, Hope you are doing well. CIS-A2K and [[:commons:Commons Photographers User Group|CPUG]] have planned an online activity for March. The activity will focus on Wikimedia Commons and it will begin on 21 March and end on 31 March 2023. During this campaign, the participants will work on structure data, categories and descriptions of the existing images. We will provide you with the list of the photographs that were uploaded under those campaigns, conducted for Women’s Month. You can find the event page link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|here]]. We are inviting you to participate in this event and make it successful. There will be at least one online session to demonstrate the tasks of the event. We will come back to you with the date and time. If you have any questions please write to us at the event [[:m:Talk:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|talk page]] Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:49, 12 मार्च 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Women's Month Datathon on Commons Online Session == Dear Wikimedians, Hope you are doing well. As we mentioned in a previous message, CIS-A2K and [[:commons:Commons Photographers User Group|CPUG]] have been starting an online activity for March from 21 March to 31 March 2023. The activity already started yesterday and will end on 31 March 2023. During this campaign, the participants are working on structure data, categories and descriptions of the existing images. The event page link is [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|here]]. We are inviting you to participate in this event. There is an online session to demonstrate the tasks of the event that is going to happen tonight after one hour from 8:00 pm to 9:00 pm. You can find the meeting link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session|here]]. We will wait for you. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 13:36, 22 मार्च 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter March 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, There is a CIS-A2K monthly Newsletter that is ready to share which is for the month of March. A few conducted events and ongoing activities are updated in the Newsletter. Through this message, A2K wants your attention towards its March 2023 tasks and towards upcoming events. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and ongoing events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|Women's Month Datathon on Commons]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session|Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop|Hindi Wikisource Community skill-building workshop]] * [[:m:Indic Wikisource Community/Online meetup 25 March 2023|Indic Wikisource Community Online meetup 25 March 2023]] ; Ongoing activity * [[:m:Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023|Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/March 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:30, 10 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == Wikimedia Foundation’s 2023-2024 Annual Plan and Upcoming Community Conversations == Hi Everyone, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024 draft annual plan] of the Wikimedia Foundation applicable from July 2023 to June 2024 has been published and is '''open for feedback'''. ''While the entire annual plan is available in multiple languages, a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024 short summary] is available in close to 30 languages including many from the region.'' '''Two-Way Planning/Conversations''' Since last year, the Foundation has prioritized [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2022-2023/Two-Way_Planning two-way planning] with communities by asking community members to share their goals for the coming year. We are hosting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Collaboration a series of calls/discussions] across various time zones to collaborate across the movement, for South Asia-based communities; # In-person session during [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2023/Program WikiConference India], on the 28th of April with the attendees of the conference. (recording to be uploaded on meta). # '''Virtual Discussion on the 30th of April, 2023 (0600 UTC)- Join Us!''' We would like to invite you all to participate in the '''virtual discussion on the 30th of April''' where [https://wikimediafoundation.org/profile/lisa-seitz-gruwell/ Lisa Seitz Gruwell, Chief Advancement Officer, and Deputy to the Chief Executive Officer] would be sharing and discussing the plans with the movement. '''Call Details''' '''Virtual Discussion''' (Via Zoom) '''Date''': 30th April 2023 (Sunday) '''Time''': 0600 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682834411 ZoneStamp]) [https://diff.wikimedia.org/event/30th-april-annual-planning-call/ Diff Calendar Link] Look forward to seeing you on the call. Please add the above details to your [https://diff.wikimedia.org/event/30th-april-annual-planning-call/ respective calendars], and do get in touch with me if you have any further questions. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:RASharma_(WMF) Rachit Sharma (WMF)] <small>Sent using [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 04:29, 25 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:SGill (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=24930250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 अप्रैल 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 19:45, 11 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter April 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! CIS-A2K has done a few activities in the month of April and CIS-A2K's monthly Newsletter is ready to share which is for the last month. A few conducted events and ongoing activities are updated in the Newsletter. In this newsletter, we have mentioned A2K's conducted and ongoing events/activities. ; Conducted events * [[:m:Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023|Indic Wikisource proofread-a-thon April 2023]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Wikimedia session on building archive at ACPR, Belagavi|CIS-A2K/Events/Wikimedia session on building archive at ACPR, Belagavi]] ; Ongoing activity * [[:c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023|Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023]] Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/April 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:50, 15 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023 campaign cum photography contest == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! CIS-A2K has started the Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2022 campaign cum photography contest on Wikimedia Commons from 15 May to 30 June. The aim of the contest is to document the Mula & Mutha rivers along with their tributaries in the Pune district on Wikimedia Commons in the form of images and videos. You can see more specific topics in the [[c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023/Rivers & Topics|Rivers and Topics]] section. In this campaign, partner organisations like, Jeevitnadi, Ecological Society, Samuchit Enviro Tech, Nisarg Sevak, National Society for Clean Cities etc. are actively participating. We are eager to see your contributions in this contest. For sign-up and upload please visit [[:c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023|Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023]]. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 05:19, 17 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == The upcoming calls conducted by A2K for or with communities == <small>Apologies for writing in English. Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to announce the launch of the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/India Community Monthly Engagement Calls|A2K Monthly Engagement Call]], a series of interactive sessions aimed at fostering collaborative learning within the Wikimedia community. The motive behind starting the series of interactive sessions is to bring the community together to discuss and interact about important topics. The first Monthly Engagement call will start with [[:m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect|Let’s Connect]] which is an initiative to create an open and safe learning space for all Wikimedians to share and learn different skills with other peers and to add value and contribute collectively to the community. The first call in this series, organized and hosted by CIS-A2K, will take place on [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/India Community Monthly Engagement Calls/June 3, 2023 Call|June 3, 2023]], from 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM (IST). One more announcement is about, on June 5, 2023, as we celebrate Environment Day, A2K is planning to engage communities and community members in discussions about potential activities for the month of June. These activities will involve capturing images of the environment, uploading them to Wikimedia Commons, and adding existing photos to articles on Wikipedia. We would love to invite Wikimedians to collaborate and join us in planning this activity on Sunday, May 28, 2023, from 11:00 am to 12:00 pm. Call details are below: * '''Preparatory Call for June Month Activity''' * '''Sunday, May 28 · 11:00 am – 12:00 pm''' * Time zone: Asia/Kolkata * '''Video call link''': https://meet.google.com/rsy-nhsk-upp Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:25, 25 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 मई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter May 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! We are pleased to inform you that CIS-A2K has successfully completed several activities during the month of May. As a result, our monthly newsletter, which covers the highlights of the previous month, is now ready to be shared. The newsletter includes updates on the conducted events and ongoing activities, providing a comprehensive overview of A2K's recent endeavours. We have taken care to mention both the conducted and ongoing events/activities in this newsletter, ensuring that all relevant information is captured. ; Conducted events * Preparatory Call for June Month Activity * Update on status of A2K's grant proposal ; Ongoing activity * [[:c:Commons:Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023|Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan 2023]] ; Upcoming Events * Support to Punjabi Community Proofread-a-thon Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/May 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Invitation to join at WikiConverse India Call - June 24th, 2023 == <small>Apologies to write in English please help us to translate the message in your language</small> Greetings! WikiConverse India is a new initiative that A2K is working on to improve collaboration among communities in India. WikiConverse India aims to initiate and foster dialogue within the Indian language Wikimedia community on various topics that are important for the growth of the Wikimedia movement. Currently, we are conducting regular calls as part of this initiative. For the month of June, this call will be scheduled on June 24th, 2023, from 6:00 PM to 7:30 PM IST. A2K will invite Indian participants from recent international conferences, namely the Wikimedia Hackathon and EduWiki Conference, to share their important takeaways specifically relevant to India. To join the WikiConverse India Call, You can find the call details below: * WikiConverse India Call, June 24th, 2023 * Saturday, June 24 · 6:00 – 7:30pm IST * Video call link: https://meet.google.com/qcm-rrac-qzk If you have any questions, please write to a2k@cis-india.org. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:29, 16 जून 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Reminder: Invitation to Join WikiConverse India Call == <small>Apologies for writing in English</small> Hello all, As we informed you earlier, CIS-A2K has begun a new initiative to improve collaboration among communities in India. WikiConverse India aims to initiate and foster dialogue within the Indian language Wikimedia community on various topics that are important for the growth of the Wikimedia movement. Currently, we are conducting regular calls as part of this initiative. For the month of June, this call will be scheduled for June 24th, 2023, today at 6:00 PM. The call meta page is already prepared and you can find it [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/WikiConverse India Calls/Takeaways of Indian Wikimedians from EduWiki Conference & Hackathon|here]]. The call details are here to join us: * '''Topic''': WikiConverse India Call * '''Time''': Jun 24, 2023 06:00 PM India * '''Join Zoom Meeting''': https://us06web.zoom.us/j/88637468034?pwd=MUVBVm1MVXlYNm1OTjZCNGpsM3R2dz09 * '''Meeting ID''': 886 3746 8034 ** '''Passcode''': 874408 We hope you can find some time to join us and listen to the amazing stories and learning experiences from the speakers. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:01, 24 जून 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:59, 28 जून 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|बातचीत]]) 22:01, 4 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter June 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! We are pleased to inform you that CIS-A2K has successfully completed several activities during the month of June. As a result, our monthly newsletter, which covers the highlights of the previous month, is now ready to be shared. We have taken care to mention the conducted events/activities in this newsletter, ensuring that all relevant information is captured. ; Conducted events * Community Engagement Calls and Activities ** India Community Monthly Engagement Calls: 3 June 2023 call ** Takeaways of Indian Wikimedians from EduWiki Conference & Hackathon ** Punjabi Wikisource Proofread-a-thon * Skill Development Programs ** Wikidata Training Sessions for Santali Community * Indian Community Need Assessment and Transition Calls * Partnerships and Trainings ** Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion GLAM Project ** Wikimedia Commons sessions with river activists ** Introductory session on Wikibase for Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion members Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/June 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:27, 17 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> 02:26, 27 जुलाई 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == Announcement of Train the Trainer 2023 and Call for Scholarship == Dear all, We are excited to announce the reactivation of the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program|Train the Trainer (TTT)]] initiative by CIS-A2K in 2023. TTT aims to empower Indian Wikimedians like you with essential skills to support Wikimedia communities effectively. Through this program, we seek to enhance your capacity, encourage knowledge sharing, identify growth opportunities, and enable a positive impact on the communities you serve. The [https://forms.gle/GynAYyGzoNXh4VM26 scholarship application] period is from ‘‘‘1st to 14th August 2023’’’. Unfortunately, we regretfully cannot consider applications from non-Indian Wikimedians due to logistical and compliance-related constraints. The event is scheduled for the end of September or the beginning of October 2023, and final dates and venue details will be announced soon. We encourage your active participation in [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2023|TTT 2023]] and welcome you to apply for scholarships via the provided form. For inquiries, please contact us at a2K@cis-india.org or nitesh@cis-india.org. We look forward to your enthusiastic involvement in making Train the Trainer 2023 a resounding success! Regards, Nitesh (CIS-A2K) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Reminder for TTT Scholarship and announcement about Event dates == Dear all, We wanted to remind you about the Scholarship form for the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2023|Train the Trainer 2023 program]] and also provide you with the event dates. We encourage you to apply for scholarships to participate in Train the Trainer 2023, as it offers a valuable opportunity for you to actively contribute to your language communities. The scholarship form is accessible [https://forms.gle/GynAYyGzoNXh4VM26 here], and the submission window will remain open until 14th August 2023. If you are genuinely interested in promoting knowledge sharing and community empowerment, we strongly encourage you to fill out the form. (Please note that we won't be able to consider applications from Wikimedians based outside of India for TTT 2023.) The Train The Trainer program will take place on 29th, 30th September, and 1st October 2023. This program provides you an opportunity to enhance your leadership and community-building skills. Thank you for your attention. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == CIS-A2K Newsletter July 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Greetings! We are pleased to inform you that CIS-A2K has successfully completed several activities during the month of July. As a result, our monthly newsletter, which covers the highlights of the previous month, is now ready to be shared. We have taken care to mention the conducted events/activities in this newsletter, ensuring that all relevant information is captured. ; Conducted events * Wikibase session with RIWATCH GLAM * Wikibase technical session with ACPR GLAM * Wikidata Training Sessions for Santali Community * An interactive session with some Wikimedia Foundation staff from India ; Announcement * Train The Trainer 2023 Program Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/July 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Thank you [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:23, 8 अगस्त 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 अगस्त 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == Invitation to the Indic Community Monthly Engagement Call on September 8, 2023 == Dear Wikimedians, A2K is excited to invite you to the third call of the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls|Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls]] initiative scheduled for September 8, 2023, where A2K is hosting “Learning Clinic: Collective learning from grantee reports in South Asia” by Let’s Connect. This event is designed to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing among community members interested in the region's progress, grantees, potential grantees, and Regional Fund Committee members. The dedicated meta page is [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls/September 8, 2023 Call|here]]. Here are the details: * Date: September 8th * Time: 6:00 PM - 7:30 PM IST * Language: English * Facilitation: Jessica Stephenson (WMF - Let’s Connect), Pavan Santhosh (CIS-A2K), Chinmayee Mishra (Let’s Connect working group) * Duration: 1.5 hours * Zoom Link: [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/82712474511?pwd=YUF3SE8yeWpWK0I0Z2QzQW9HN2x5dz09 Zoom Link] You can find detailed information on the given meta page. We look forward to meeting you there tomorrow. :) Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 11:01, 7 सितंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 सितंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == Announcing Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 and Invitation to Participate == Dear Wikimedians, The [[:m:Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group]] is happy to announce '''Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 on 16-17 December 2023 in Pondicherry, India'''. The event is for everyone who contributes to Wikimedia’s technical spaces code developers, maintainers, translators, designers, technical writers and other related technical aspects. Along with that, contributors who don't necessarily contribute to technical spaces but have good understanding of issues on wikis and can work with developers in addressing them can join too. You can come with a project in mind, join an existing project, or create something new with others. The goal of this event is to bring together technical contributors from India to resolve pending technical issues, bugs, brainstorm on tooling ideas, and foster connections between contributors. We have scholarships to support participation of contributors residing in India. The '''scholarship form can be filled at https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd_Qqctj7I87QfYt5imc6iPcGPWuPfncCOyAd_OMbGiqxzxhQ/viewform?usp=sf_link and will close at 23:59 hrs on 15 October 2023 (Sunday) [IST].''' Please reach out to contact{{@}}indicmediawikidev.org if you have any questions or need support. Best, Indic MediaWiki Developers UG, 04:40, 4 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/South_Asia_Village_Pumps&oldid=25696853 --> == Image Description Month in India: 1 October to 31st October == <small>Apologies for writing in English.</small> Dear everyone, We're excited to invite you to the [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|Image Description Month India]] description-a-thon, set to take place from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. During this event, we'll be focusing on improving image-related content across Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. To stay updated and get involved, please visit our dedicated event page [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event Page]]. Your active participation will be instrumental in enhancing Wikimedia content and making it more accessible to users worldwide. Thank you :) [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:35, 5 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == A2K Monthly Newsletter for September 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In September, CIS-A2K successfully completed several initiatives. As a result, A2K has compiled a comprehensive monthly newsletter that highlights the events and activities conducted during the previous month. This newsletter provides a detailed overview of the key information related to our endeavors. ; Conducted events * Learning Clinic: Collective learning from grantee reports in South Asia * Relicensing and Digitisation workshop at Govinda Dasa College, Surathkal * Relicensing and Digitisation workshop at Sayajirao Gaekwad Research Centre, Aurangabad * Wiki Loves Monuments 2023 Outreach in Telangana * Mula Mutha Nadi Darshan Photography contest results and exhibition of images * Train The Trainer 2023 Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/September 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 15:52, 10 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:12, 17 अक्टूबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == A2K Monthly Newsletter for October 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In the month of October, CIS-A2K achieved significant milestones and successfully concluded various initiatives. As a result, we have compiled a comprehensive monthly newsletter to showcase the events and activities conducted during the preceding month. This newsletter offers a detailed overview of the key information pertaining to our various endeavors. ; Conducted events * Image Description Month in India * WikiWomen Camp 2023 ** WWC 2023 South Asia Orientation Call ** South Asia Engagement * Wikimedia Commons session for Birdsong members * Image Description Month in India Training Session Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/October 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 05:25, 7 नवंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 नवंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == A2K Community Needs Assessment Form == In late November, A2K hosted a significant call as part of [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/WikiConverse India Calls/2023 A2K Needs Assessment Event|WikiConverse India discussions]], aiming to understand the diverse needs of Indian Communities! We deeply appreciate the active participation of every community member, as your valuable suggestions and opinions will be instrumental in shaping A2K's future initiatives. To enrich this collaborative effort, we've crafted a [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFfRvf844FKb1La0UC7fXHzofxrZorpr3QjDGJL1a0iOgXyQ/viewform form]. Your responses will provide key components for a broader needs assessment, offering profound insights into the community's suggestions and guiding A2K’s future plans. We invite you to invest just a few precious minutes in sharing your thoughts, ideas, efforts, and impactful initiatives! If you have any doubts or queries, feel free to reach out to nitesh@cis-india.org. Thank you for being an integral part of our vibrant community! Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:44, 5 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Enhancing Your Wikimania 2024 Scholarship Application: Community Call and Volunteer Support == Dear Wikimedians, I hope this message finds you well. A2K is excited to share news about an upcoming A2K initiative to support Indian Wikimedians in the Wikimania 2024 scholarship process. ;Community Call with Experienced Wikimedians: Join the community call on December 9, 2023, featuring experienced Indian Wikimedians. Gain insights into the Wikimania scholarship process, key application elements, and participate in a Q&A session. ;Volunteer Committee: A dedicated volunteer committee will assist applicants through Zoom Room Support Sessions, offering one-on-one discussions, personalized feedback, and application enhancement strategies. For more details and to register: * Community Call Meta page: [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls/December 9, 2023 Call|link]] * Date: 9 December 2023 * Time: 6:00 PM to 7:30 PM IST We invite your active participation and look forward to your engagement in this community call. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 06:50, 7 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == A2K Monthly Report for November 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, CIS-A2K wrapped up several initiatives in November, and we've compiled a detailed monthly newsletter highlighting the events and activities from the past month. This newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of key information regarding our diverse endeavors. ; Conducted events * Heritage Walk in 175 year old Pune Nagar Vachan Mandir library * 2023 A2K Needs Assessment Event * Train The Trainer Report Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/November 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 05:54, 11 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 दिसंबर 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == A2K Monthly Report for December 2023 == <br /><small>Please feel free to translate it into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In December, CIS-A2K successfully concluded various initiatives, and we have curated an in-depth monthly newsletter summarizing the events and activities of the past month. This newsletter offers a comprehensive overview of key information, showcasing our diverse endeavors. ; Conducted events * Digital Governance Roundtable * Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls: Wikimania Scholarship Call * Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 * A2K Meghalaya Visit Highlights: Digitization and Collaboration * Building Bridges: New Hiring in CIS-A2K * Upcoming Events ** Upcoming Call: Disinformation and Misinformation in Wikimedia projects Please find the Newsletter link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/December 2023|here]]. <br /><small>If you want to subscribe/unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 06:54, 12 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2024, to March 31, 2024 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:26, 18 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 07:26, 18 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == A new feature for previewing references on your wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Page Previews and Reference Previews.png|alt=Montage of two screenshots, one showing the Reference Previews feature, and one showing the Page Previews feature|right|350x350px]] ''Apologies for writing in English. If you can translate this message, that would be much appreciated.'' Hi. As announced some weeks ago ^{[<nowiki/>[[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CNPRQE2IG5ZNAVAOHBMF4AXXRLGJE6UT/|1]]] [<nowiki/>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|2]]]}, Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team introduced [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] to many wikis, including this one. This feature shows popups for references in the article text. While this new feature is already usable on your wiki, most people here are not seeing it yet because your wiki has set [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Relation to gadgets|a gadget as the default]] for previewing references. We plan to remove the default flag from the gadget on your wiki soon. This means: * The new default for reference popups on your wiki will be Reference Previews. * However, if you want to keep using the gadget, you can still enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|your personal settings]]. The benefit of having Reference Previews as the default is that the user experience will be consistent across wikis and with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page_Previews|Page Previews feature]], and that the software will be easier to maintain overall. This change is planned for February 14. If you have concerns about this change, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|please let us know on this talk page]] by February 12. – Kind regards, [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 09:30, 23 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johanna_Strodt_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=26116190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 जनवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == A2K Monthly Report for January 2024 == <br /><small>Feel free to translate into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In January, CIS-A2K successfully concluded several initiatives, and we are pleased to present a comprehensive monthly newsletter summarizing the events and activities of the past month. This newsletter provides an extensive overview of key information, highlighting our diverse range of endeavors. ; Conducted Events * Roundtable on Digital Cultures * Discussion on Disinformation and Misinformation in Wikimedia Projects * Roundtable on Digital Access You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/January 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 19:16, 9 फरवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 फरवरी 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:56, 12 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:00, 15 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == A2K Monthly Report for February 2024 == <br /><small>Feel free to translate into your language.</small> [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, In February, CIS-A2K effectively completed numerous initiatives, and we are delighted to share a detailed monthly newsletter encapsulating the events and activities from the previous month. This newsletter offers a thorough glimpse into significant updates, showcasing the breadth of our varied undertakings. ; Collaborative Activities and Engagement * Telugu Community Conference 2024 * International Mother Language Day 2024 Virtual Meet * Wiki Loves Vizag 2024 ; Reports * Using the Wikimedia sphere for the revitalization of small and underrepresented languages in India * Open Movement in India (2013-23): The Idea and Its Expressions Open Movement in India 2013-2023 by Soni You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/February 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:12, 18 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == CIS-A2K announcing Community Collaborations program == <small>Please feel free to translate this into your preferred language.</small> Dear Wikimedians, Exciting news from A2K! We're thrilled to announce that CIS-A2K is now seeking proposals for collaborative projects and activities to advance Indic Wikimedia projects. If you've got some interesting ideas and are keen on co-organizing projects or activities with A2K, we'd love to hear from you. Check out all the details about requirements, process, timelines, and proposal drafting guidelines right [[m:CIS-A2K/Community Collaboration|here]]. We're looking forward to seeing your proposals and collaborating to boost Indic Wikimedia projects and contribute even more to the open knowledge movement. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:25, 18 मार्च 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == A2K Monthly Report for March 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, A2K is pleased to present its monthly newsletter for March, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K during the month. This newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of the events and activities conducted, giving you insight into our collaborative efforts and engagements. ; Collaborative Activities and Engagement * [[Commons:Wiki Loves Vizag 2024|Wiki Loves Vizag: Fostering Open Knowledge Through Photography]] ; Monthly Recap * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/She Leads|She Leads Program (Support)]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/WikiHour: Amplifying Women's Voices|WikiHour: Amplifying Women's Voices (Virtual)]] * [[:m:Wikimedia India Summit 2024|Wikimedia India Summit 2024]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Institutional Partners/Department of Language and Culture, Government of Telangana|Department of Language and Culture, Government of Telangana]] ; From the Team- Editorial ; Comic You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/March 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:17, 11 अप्रैल 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 अप्रैल 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == A2K Monthly Report for April 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are pleased to present our monthly newsletter for April, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K during the month. This newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of the events and activities conducted, giving you insight into our collaborative efforts and engagements. * In the Limelight- Chandan Chiring ; Monthly Recap * [[Commons:Tribal Culture Photography Competition]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Indic Community Monthly Engagement Calls/April 12, 2024 Call]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/2024/Wikipedia training to Indian Language educators|Wikipedia Training to Indian Language educators]] * [[:m:Wiki Explores Bhadrachalam]] * Wikimedia Summit ; From the Team- Editorial ; Comic You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/April 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:22, 14 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == WMF’s Annual Plan Draft (2024-2025) and Session during the South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC) == Hi Everyone, This message is regarding the [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025|Wikimedia Foundation’s Draft Annual Plan for 2024-2025]], and in continuation of [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XER6M7X2LPMRVI4N5MPXMZ5G4UUMBIQR/ Maryana’s email]; inviting inputs from members of the movement. The entire annual plan is available in multiple languages and a shorter summary is available in close to 30 languages including many from South Asia; and open for your feedback. We invite you all to a session on the Annual Plan during 19th May's [:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC)]], in line with the [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Collaboration|collaborative approach]] adopted by the foundation for finalizing Annual Plans. The discussion will be hosted by members of the senior leadership of the Wikimedia Foundation. Call Details (Please add the details to your respective calendars) * [https://meet.google.com/ffs-izis-bow Google Meeting] ** Date/Time: 19th May 2024 @ 1230-1400 UTC or 1800-1930 IST You can add any questions/comments on Etherpad [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/South_Asia_Community_Call]; pre-submissions welcomed. Ps: To know more about the purpose of an Annual Plan, please read our [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan#Frequently_Asked_Questions_(FAQ) listed FAQs]. Look forward to seeing you on the call. Best [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:35, 14 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=24930250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 मई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:14, 3 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Wikimedia Technology Summit (WTS) 2024 - Scholarships == ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' [[metawiki:3rd_Wikimedia_Technology_Summit_(WTS_2024)|Wikimedia Technology Summit (WTS) 2024]] is focused on using technology to enhance inclusivity across Wikipedia and its associated projects. We aim to explore strategies for engaging underrepresented communities and languages while also strengthening the technical foundation. By fostering collaboration between developers, users, and researchers, we can unite our efforts to create, innovate, and advance the technology that drives open knowledge. We invite community members residing in India who are interested in attending WTS 2024 in person to apply for scholarships by July 10, 2024. The summit will be held at IIIT Hyderabad, India, in October 2024. To apply, please fill out the application form by clicking [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeoO22CuLXrNzL10rJ2guQsxuVtgJAP82EUYuZyBI46nPAHWw/viewform this link]]. On behalf of the WTS 2024 Scholarship Committee :[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Kasyap|Kasyap]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Kasyap|बात करीं]]) 09:13, 11 जून 2024 (UTC) == Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Bhojpuri Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Bhojpuri Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. We will be enabling the initial version of this feature first in Igbo Wikipedia, and your Wikipedia is the next to test and have this feature since it will be beneficial for reading content in other languages. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [[:bh:Special:AutomaticTranslation|'''test it''']] so you can: * Ask us questions * Tell us how to improve the feature * Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia '''About the feature''' The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Bhojpuri Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Bhojpuri language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the media files below). {{Gallery | align = center | height =450 | width =200 | whitebg = no | noborder = yes | File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point. | File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point }} These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available. This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers. '''How to try the tool''' Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 26th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in your Wikipedia at [[:bh:Special:AutomaticTranslation|Special:AutomaticTranslation]] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wiki_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on: * How do you use the feature * Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it? * Your ideas for improving it. We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you. On behalf of the WMF Language team. [[प्रयोगकर्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 21:53, 13 जून 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == A2K Monthly Report for May 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are pleased to present our May newsletter, showcasing the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K throughout the month. This edition offers a comprehensive overview of our events and activities, providing insights into our collaborative efforts and community engagements. ; In the Limelight: Openness for Cultural Heritage ; Monthly Recap * Digitisation Workshop * [[Commons:Tribal Culture Photography Competition]] * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Wiki Technical Training 2024|Wiki Technical Training]] ; Dispatches from A2K ; Coming Soon * Future of Commons Convening You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/May 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:36, 27 जून 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:02, 10 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:52, 18 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == A2K Monthly Report for June 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to share our June newsletter, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K over the past month. This edition provides a detailed overview of our events and activities, offering insights into our collaborative efforts and community engagements and a brief regarding upcoming initiatives for next month. ; In the Limelight- Book Review: Geographies of Digital Exclusion ; Monthly Recap * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Wiki Technical Training 2024|Wiki Technical Training]] * Strategy discussion (Post-Summit Event) ; Dispatches from A2K * Future of Commons ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Gearing up for Wikimania 2024 * Commons workshop and photo walk in Hyderabad ; Comic You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/June 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 06:23, 26 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:46, 27 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Project Announcement: Enhancing Indic Oral Culture on Wikimedia Projects == Hello Wikimedians! We are glad to announce that the Wikimedia funded project '''Enhancing Indic Oral Culture on Wikimedia projects''' is now underway. It is a project focusing on facilitating citizen archivists to document their language and culture. Training, support, compensation for field visits, and regular guidance are some of the facilities that will be provided to volunteer participants. If you or someone you know who is interested in participating, please feel free to get in touch with us and feel free to reach out to us at [https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/#inbox/QgrcJHsHprJJLpMxkvqcRWzNFKQqhtgbPhl?compose=CllgCJlHDnDbVzDLNdwxSMdTJVChFjvBfWxwPfbZbfgqFvFJVcgVfdjCHMxwbhsphMHtBBMGCnV '''amritsufi2@gmail.com'''] or [https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/#inbox/QgrcJHsHprJJLpMxkvqcRWzNFKQqhtgbPhl?compose=DmwnWrRqhsNXsDVpjclDlmLsqfVmFtxjlnfXstNvZRTjWccJmwBpXbxdWLvTBznGCHbbFxJzdtzG '''yakshitharp6@gmail.com''']<br> We have attached a flyer link which contains more information about the project. Here is the registration link to participate: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdpV8QD9QXn7HXlm1OdOAk5Ko0a7hIwMkfQYyeeiXt0JsO4kw/viewform?lsrp=1 '''Here''']<br> [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1utpEFxARxoxkfB37xKm0aN-Qxi53Y92x/view '''Invitation Link''']<br> Thank You<br> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Yakshitha|Yakshitha]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Yakshitha|बात करीं]]) 06:12, 31 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) == Train-the-Trainer (TTT) 2024: Call for Applications == ''Apologies for writing in English, please feel free to post this into your language.'' Dear Wikimedians, We are thrilled to announce the 9ninth iteration of the Train-the-Trainer (TTT) program, co-hosted by CIS-A2K and the Odia Wikimedians User Group. TTT 2024 will be held from October 18-20, 2024, in Odisha. This event aims to enhance leadership and training skills among active Indian Wikimedians, with a focus on innovative approaches to foster deeper engagement and learning. ; Key Details: * Event Dates: October 18-20, 2024 * Location: Odisha, India * Eligibility: Open to active Indian Wikimedians * Scholarship Application Deadline: Thursday, August 15, 2024 We encourage all interested community members to apply for scholarships. Please review the event details and application guidelines on the [[:m:Meta page|Meta page]] before submitting your application. Apply Here: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeshY7skcMUfevuuzTr57tKr_wwoefrJ9iehq6Gn_R8jl6FmA/viewform Scholarship Application Form] For any questions, please post on the [[:m:Talk:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|Event talk page]] or email nitesh@cis-india.org. We look forward to your participation and contributions! Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 10:45, 31 जुलाई 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:29, 6 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Reminder: Apply for TTT 2024 Scholarships by August 22 == Dear Wikimedians, '''Important Reminder''': The scholarship application deadline has been extended till Thursday, August 22, 2024. We encourage active Wikimedians to submit their applications before the deadline. Please ensure you review the essential details on [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|Meta page]] regarding this event. Scholarship Application [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeshY7skcMUfevuuzTr57tKr_wwoefrJ9iehq6Gn_R8jl6FmA/viewform form] For any questions, please reach out on the Event talk page or via email at nitesh@cis-india.org or Chinmayee at chinumishra70@gmail.com. Regards, TTT 2024 Organising team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 20:15, 20 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 23:19, 22 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == A2K Monthly Report for July 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to share our July newsletter, highlighting the impactful initiatives undertaken by CIS-A2K over the past month. This edition provides a detailed overview of our events and activities, offering insights into our collaborative efforts and community engagements and a brief regarding upcoming initiatives for next month. ; In the Limelight- NEP Study Report ; Monthly Recap * [https://cis-india.org/raw/report-on-the-future-of-the-commons Future of Commons] * West Bengal Travel Report ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|Train the Trainer 2024]] You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/July 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 09:05, 28 अगस्त 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:05, 2 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:13, 3 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:36, 20 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == A2K Monthly Report for August 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to present our August newsletter, showcasing the impactful initiatives led by CIS-A2K throughout the month. In this edition, you'll find a comprehensive overview of our events and activities, highlighting our collaborative efforts, community engagements, and a sneak peek into the exciting initiatives planned for the coming month. ; In the Limelight- Doing good as a creative person ; Monthly Recap * Wiki Women Collective - South Asia Call * Digitizing the Literary Legacy of Sane Guruji * A2K at Wikimania * Multilingual Wikisource ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Tamil Content Enrichment Meet * Santali Wiki Conference * TTT 2024 You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/August 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:55, 26 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:57, 27 सितंबर 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:19, 6 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == A2K Monthly Report for September 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We are thrilled to share our September newsletter, packed with highlights of the key initiatives driven by CIS-A2K over the past month. This edition features a detailed recap of our events, collaborative projects, and community outreach efforts. You'll also get an exclusive look at the exciting plans and initiatives we have in store for the upcoming month. Stay connected with our vibrant community and join us in celebrating the progress we’ve made together! ; In the Limelight- Santali Wiki Regional Conference 2024 ; Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Book Lover’s Club in Belagavi * CIS-A2K’s Multi-Year Grant Proposal * Supporting the volunteer-led committee on WikiConference India 2025 * Tamil Content Enrichment Meet * Experience of CIS-A2K's Wikimania Scholarship recipients ;Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Train-the-trainer 2024 * Indic Community Engagement Call * A2K at Wikimedia Technology Summit 2024 You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/September 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 15:13, 10 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 16 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == Announcing Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024 & scholarship applications == Dear Wikimedians, We hope you are well. We are thrilled to announce the upcoming [[:metawiki:Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]], hosted by the [[:metawiki:Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers UG]] (aka Indic-TechCom) in collaboration with the [[:metawiki:Odia Wikimedians User Group|Odia Wikimedians UG]]. The event will take place in Bhubaneswar during 20-22 December 2024. Wikimedia hackathons are spaces for developers, designers, content editors, and other community stakeholders to collaborate on building technical solutions that help improve the experience of contributors and consumers of Wikimedia projects. The event is intended for: * Technical contributors active in the Wikimedia technical ecosystem, which includes developers, maintainers (admins/interface admins), translators, designers, researchers, documentation writers etc. * Content contributors having in-depth understanding of technical issues in their home Wikimedia projects like Wikipedia, Wikisource, Wiktionary, etc. * Contributors to any other FOSS community or have participated in Wikimedia events in the past, and would like to get started with contributing to Wikimedia technical spaces. We encourage you to follow the essential details & updates on Meta-Wiki regarding this event. Event Meta-Wiki page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic_Wikimedia_Hackathon_Bhubaneswar_2024 Scholarship application form: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf07lWyPJc6bxOCKl_i2vuMBdWa9EAzMRUej4x1ii3jFjTIaQ/viewform Click here to apply ] ''(Scholarships are available to assist with your attendance, covering travel, accommodation, food, and related expenses.)'' Please read the application guidance on the Meta-Wiki page before applying. The scholarship application is open until the end of the day 2 November 2024 (Saturday). If you have any questions, concerns or need any support with the application, please start a discussion on the event talk page or reach out to us contact@indicmediawikidev.org via email. Best, [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 09:35, 19 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/South_Asia_Village_Pumps&oldid=25720607 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:29, 22 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 अक्टूबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == A2K Monthly Report for October 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We’re thrilled to share our October newsletter, featuring the impactful work led or support by CIS-A2K over the past month. In this edition, you’ll discover a detailed summary of our events and initiatives, emphasizing our collaborative projects, community interactions, and a preview of the exciting plans on the horizon for next month. ; In the Limelight: TTT ;Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Wikimedia Technology Summit ; Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * TTT follow-ups You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/October 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:09, 8 नवंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Announcing Wikifile-transfer v2, and second community call == Dear Wikimedia Community, We are excited to announce the release of Wikifile-transfer v2, an enhanced tool to streamline media transfers across Wikimedia projects. Wikifile-transfer supports users in moving non-free images across wiki projects. This tool is helpful for contributors managing media across multiple language wikis. '''You can learn more about it here:''' https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic-TechCom/Tools/Wikifile-transfer/v2 '''You can try the new version here:''' https://wikifile-transfer.toolforge.org/#/ We invite you to join our second community call on '''November 10, 2024, at 18:00 IST (6:00 PM)'''. This meeting is an opportunity to discuss the new features, share feedback, and connect with us. Please add your name at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic-TechCom/Tools/Wikifile-transfer/v2#Community_call. Since this is a major new release, some bugs may still exist. We encourage you to report any issues you encounter to help us improve the tool further. We're looking forward to your feedback as we continue refining WikiFile-Transfer to meet the needs of our community. Regards -[[प्रयोगकर्ता:ParasharSarthak|ParasharSarthak]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:ParasharSarthak|बात करीं]]) == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 नवंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Bhojpuri Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Bhojpuri Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Bhojpuri Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[चित्र:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[चित्र:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 10th December 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[प्रयोगकर्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:UOzurumba (WMF)|बात करीं]]) 04:45, 28 नवंबर 2024 (UTC) == [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation|Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to '''Initiate the discussions about India’s potential bid to host [[:m:Wikimania 2027|Wikimania 2027]]''', the annual international conference of the Wikimedia movement. This is a call to the community to express interest and share ideas for organizing this flagship event in India. Having a consortium of a good number of country groups, recognised affiliates, thematic groups or regional leaders primarily from Asia for this purpose will ultimately strengthen our proposal from the region. This is the first step in a collaborative journey. We invite all interested community members to contribute to the discussion, share your thoughts, and help shape the vision for hosting Wikimania 2027 in India. Your participation will ensure this effort reflects the strength and diversity of the Indian Wikimedia community. Please join the conversation on [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation#Invitation to Join the Conversation|Meta page]] and help make this vision a reality! Regards, <br> [[:m:Wikimedians of Kerala|Wikimedians of Kerala User Group]] and [[:m:Odia Wikimedians User Group|Odia Wikimedians User Group]] <br> This message was sent with [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) by [[m:User:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[m:User_talk:Gnoeee|talk]]) 15:14, 4 दिसंबर 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Indic_VPs&oldid=27906962 --> == A2K Monthly Report – November 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, We’re excited to bring you the November edition of the CIS-A2K newsletter, highlighting our impactful initiatives and accomplishments over the past month. This issue offers a comprehensive recap of our events, collaborative projects, and community engagement efforts. It also provides a glimpse into the exciting plans we have lined up for the coming month. Stay connected with our vibrant community as we celebrate the progress we’ve made together! ; In the Limelight: Tulu Wikisource ; Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Learning hours Call * Dandari-Gussadi Festival Documentation, Commons Education Project: Adilabad * Executive Directors meeting at Oslo ; Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2024 * Learning Hours You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/November 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Warm regards, CIS-A2K Team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 16:46, 10 दिसंबर 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28074658 --> == A2K Monthly Report – December 2024 == [[File:Centre for Internet And Society logo.svg|180px|right|link=]] Dear Wikimedians, Happy 2025! We are thrilled to share with you the December edition of the CIS-A2K Newsletter, showcasing our initiatives and achievements from the past month. In this issue, we offer a detailed recap of key events, collaborative projects, and community engagement efforts. Additionally, we provide a preview of the exciting plans we have in store for the upcoming month. Stay connected with our dynamic community as we celebrate the progress we’ve made together! ; In the Limelight: Santali Food Festival ; Dispatches from A2K ; Monthly Recap * Learning hours Call * Indic Wikimedia Hackathon 2024 * Santali Food Festival ; Coming Soon - Upcoming Activities * She Leads Bootcamp You can access the newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/December 2024|here]]. <br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Warm regards, CIS-A2K Team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:11, 12 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=23719485 --> == Open Community Call - [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation|Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedians, Happy 2025.. 😊 As you must have seen, members from Wikimedians of Kerala and Odia Wikimedia User Groups initiated preliminary discussions around submitting an Expression of Interest (EoI) to have Wikimania 2027 in India. You can find out more on the [[:m:Expressions of Interest to host Wikimania 2027 in India: Initial conversation|Meta Page]]. Our aim is to seek input and assess the overall community sentiment and thoughts from the Indian community before we proceed further with the steps involved in submitting the formal EOI. As part of the same, we are hosting an '''open community call regarding India's Expression of Interest (EOI) to host Wikimania 2027'''. This is an opportunity to gather your valuable feedback, opinions, and suggestions to shape a strong and inclusive proposal. * 📅 Date: Wednesday, January 15th 2025 * ⏰ Time: 7pm-8pm IST * 📍 Platform: https://meet.google.com/sns-qebp-hck Your participation is key to ensuring the EOI reflects the collective aspirations and potential of the vibrant South Asian community. Let’s join together to make this a milestone event for the Wikimedia movement in South Asia. We look forward to your presence! <br> Warm regards, <br> [[:m:Wikimedians of Kerala|Wikimedians of Kerala]] and [[:m:Odia Wikimedians User Group|Odia Wikimedians]] User Group's <br> This message was sent with [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) by [[m:User:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[m:User_talk:Gnoeee|talk]]) at 05:55, 14 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Indic_VPs&oldid=28100038 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:07, 16 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by February 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:15, 21 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_Dark_mode_deployment_list_(February_2025)&oldid=28153450 --> == New Wikimedia Campaign Launching Tomorrow: Indic Writing Systems Campaign 2025 == Dear Wikimedians, We are excited to announce the launch of the [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025|Indic writing systems campaign 2025]], which will take place from 23 January 2025 (World Endangered Writing Day) to 21 February 2025 (International Mother Language Day). This initiative is part of the ongoing efforts of [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems|WikiProject writing Systems]] to raise awareness about the documentation and revitalization of writing systems, many of which are currently underrepresented or endangered. Representatives from important organizations that work with writing systems, such as Endangered Alphabets and the Script Encoding Initiative, support the campaign. The campaign will feature two primary activities focused on the [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025/Lists|list of target scripts]]: * '''Wikidata Labelathon''': A focused effort to improve and expand the information related to South Asian scripts on Wikidata. * '''Wikipedia Translatathon''': A collaborative activity aimed at enhancing the coverage of South Asian writing systems and their cultural significance on Wikipedia. We are looking for local organizers to engage their respective communities. If you are interested in organizing, kindly sign-up [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025/Local Organizers|here]]. We also encourage all Indic Wikimedians to [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Writing Systems/Indic writing systems campaign 2025/Participate|join us]] in this important campaign to help document and celebrate the diverse writing systems of South Asia. Thank you for your support, and we look forward to your active participation. Regards [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:29, 22 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) Navya sri Kalli <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Titodutta/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=22433435 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 02:35, 29 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 02:35, 29 जनवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 फरवरी 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == A2K Monthly Newsletter – January 2025 == Dear Wikimedians, We are delighted to share the January edition of the CIS-A2K Newsletter, highlighting our initiatives and accomplishments from the past month. This issue features a detailed recap of key events, collaborative projects, and community engagement efforts. Plus, get a sneak peek at the exciting plans we have for the upcoming month. Let’s continue strengthening our community and celebrating our collective progress! ;In the Limelight * Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons App Usage in India: Key Insights and Challenges ;Dispatches from A2K ;Monthly Highlights * Learning Hours Call * She Leads Bootcamp 2025 * Wikisource Reader App ; Coming Soon – Upcoming Activities * Participation in Wikisource Conference * Second Iteration of She Leads Please read the full newsletter [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/January 2025|here]]<br /><small>To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, click [[:m:CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe|here]]. </small> Looking forward to another impactful year ahead! Regards, CIS-A2K Team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:34, 12 फरवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIS-A2K/Reports/Newsletter/Subscribe/VP&oldid=28096022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:28, 22 फरवरी 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 मार्च 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:55, 13 मार्च 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 मार्च 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Invitation for the next South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC) with a focus on WMF's Annual Plans (27th April, 2025) == Dear All, The [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call (SAOCC)]] is a monthly call where South Asian communities come together to participate, share community activities, receive important updates and ask questions in the moderated discussions. The next SAOCC is scheduled for 27th April, 6:00 PM-7:00 PM (1230-1330 UTC) and will have a section with representatives from WMF who will be sharing more about their [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|Annual Plans]] for the next year, in addition to Open Community Updates. We request you all to please attend the call and you can find the joining details [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/South_Asia_Open_Community_Call#27_April_2025 here]. Thank you! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:25, 14 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=28543211 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:10, 16 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:40, 29 अप्रैल 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 मई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|बातचीत]])</bdi> 22:06, 15 मई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:26, 22 मई 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 03:07, 28 मई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Update from A2K team: May 2025 == Hello everyone, We’re happy to share that the ''Access to Knowledge'' (A2K) program has now formally become part of the '''Raj Reddy Centre for Technology and Society''' at '''IIIT-Hyderabad'''. Going forward, our work will continue under the name [[:m:IIITH-OKI|Open Knowledge Initiatives]]. The new team includes most members from the former A2K team, along with colleagues from IIIT-H already involved in Wikimedia and Open Knowledge work. Through this integration, our commitment to partnering with Indic Wikimedia communities, the GLAM sector, and broader open knowledge networks remains strong and ongoing. Learn more at our Team’s page on Meta-Wiki. We’ll also be hosting an open session during the upcoming [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call]] on 6 - 7 pm, and we look forward to connecting with you there. Thanks for your continued support! Thank you Pavan Santhosh, On behalf of the Open Knowledge Initiatives Team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=28543211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|बातचीत]]) 16:47, 29 मई 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == 📣 Announcing the South Asia Newsletter – Get Involved! 🌏 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians of South Asia! 👋 We’re excited to launch the planning phase for the '''South Asia Newsletter''' – a bi-monthly, community-driven publication that brings news, updates, and original stories from across our vibrant region, to one page! We’re looking for passionate contributors to join us in shaping this initiative: * Editors/Reviewers – Craft and curate impactful content * Technical Contributors – Build and maintain templates, modules, and other magic on meta. * Community Representatives – Represent your Wikimedia Affiliate or community If you're excited to contribute and help build a strong regional voice, we’d love to have you on board! 👉 Express your interest though [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfhk4NIe3YwbX88SG5hJzcF3GjEeh5B1dMgKE3JGSFZ1vtrZw/viewform this link]. Please share this with your community members.. Let’s build this together! 💬 This message was sent with [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) by [[m:User:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[m:User_talk:Gnoeee|talk]]) at 15:42, 6 जून 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/South_Asia_Village_Pumps&oldid=25720607 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 13 जून 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:43, 17 जून 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:56, 27 जून 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 12:45, 14 जुलाई 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Call for Expression of Interest – Advanced Train the Trainer 2025 (ATTT) == ''Sorry for writing in English. Please feel free to translate it into your language.'' The [[:m:IIITH-OKI|Open Knowledge Initiatives]] (OKI) team at IIIT-Hyderabad is organising [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025|Advanced Train the Trainer (ATTT) 2025]], tentatively in the second week of October 2025 at IIIT-Hyderabad. The program is for experienced Wikimedians who have attended TTT earlier and wish to deepen their leadership, thematic expertise, and practical skills. It will run in parallel [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Tracks|tracks]]: * ''' Evaluation, Impact, and Data Storytelling''' – Measure, analyse, and communicate the impact of Wikimedia initiatives. * '''Project Design Challenge''' – Develop a 3-month project with mentoring and planning tools. Info about the event: * Deadline: 20 August 2025 * Apply here: [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Expression of Interest|Expression of Interest form]] If you cannot apply directly on Meta, email your proposal (following the Meta template) with a valid reason to nitesh@research.iiit.ac.in. — Open Knowledge Initiatives Team, IIIT-Hyderabad [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:00, 14 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == Expression of Interest Extended: Advanced Train the Trainer 2025 == Dear all, We are pleased to inform you that the deadline to submit your Expression of Interest has been extended until '''26 August'''. The [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025|Advanced Train the Trainer]] (ATTT) 2025 will be held on '''10, 11, and 12 October 2025 at IIIT-Hyderabad'''. ATTT is designed for experienced Wikimedians who have or have not previously participated in Train the Trainer, but wish to develop further their leadership, thematic expertise, and practical application skills. The training will run in two thematic tracks: * '''Evaluation, Impact, and Data Storytelling''' – Learn to measure, analyse, and narrate the impact of Wikimedia initiatives through hands-on labs and peer feedback. * '''Project Design: From Learning to Action''' – Work on a 3-month project with mentoring and planning tools, turning learning into impactful, context-driven initiatives. ** Apply here: [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Expression of Interest|Expression of Interest form]] ** Deadline to apply (extended): 26 August 2025 ** Event Dates: 10-12 October 2025 We will share further updates with you soon. ''Note: If you are unsure about which track to choose, please still submit your application by answering the questions thoroughly. Our team will review it and assign you to the most suitable track. If you are not comfortable applying directly on Meta, you may send your proposal (using the Meta template and with a valid reason) to nitesh@research.iiit.ac.in. If selected, the OKI team will publish it on Meta on your behalf.'' We look forward to receiving your applications and working together to shape impactful Wikimedia leadership! Regards, Open Knowledge Initiatives Team IIIT-Hyderabad [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 14:42, 20 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == Final Call: Apply for Advanced Train the Trainer 2025 by Today == Dear all, This is a kind reminder that today is the '''last day''' to submit your '''Expression of Interest for Advanced Train the Trainer 2025'''. If you are interested, we warmly encourage you to complete your application at the earliest using the link below: [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advance Train The Trainer 2025/Expression of Interest|Here]] ''Please note that we will not be able to accommodate requests for reopening the form after the deadline. Once submissions close, our team will begin the review process.'' We look forward to your participation and thank you for your continued interest in strengthening leadership within our communities. Regards, IIITH-OKI [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 08:35, 26 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:35, 26 अगस्त 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == Global discussion on Welcome messages == <div lang{{=}}"en" dir{{=}}"ltr">Sorry that this message is in English. {{int:please-translate}}. There is a request for comment at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests for comment/Welcoming policy]] on a proposal to forbid sending [[:m:welcome messages|welcome messages]] to users who have not made an edit, which is currently in practice at your wiki. Your comment on this matter would be appreciated.</div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 02:38, 13 सितंबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:DreamRimmer/MMS_list&oldid=29262336 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 सितंबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 04:48, 9 अक्टूबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 अक्टूबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 अक्टूबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 नवंबर 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया कार्यशाला भागीदारी सूचना == '''[[m:Hindi Wikimedians User Group|हिंदी विकिमीडियन्स यूज़र ग्रुप]]''' एवं ''' भोजपूरी केंद्र, बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय''' द्वारा विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन के सौजन्य से 1 दिसंबर, २०२५ को '''[[विकिपीडिया:भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया|भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया]]''' विषय पर बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय के भोजपुरी केंद्र में एगो प्रशिक्षण कार्यशाला के आयोजन करल जात बानी। इ स्थानीय स्तर के एक दिन के प्रशिक्षण कार्यशाला में 50 विद्यार्थियों एवं शोधार्थियों के शामिल होवे के संभावना बाटे। ई कार्यशाला में बनारस के भोजपूरी औ्र हिंदी विकिपीडिया संपादक के स्वागत बा। भाग लेवे के इच्छुक सदस्य [[विकिपीडिया:भोजपूरीके लोक साहित्य और विकिपीडिया]] के भागीदार अनुभाग में अपन हस्ताक्षर करी आ आयोजक से संपर्क करीं।। -[[प्रयोगकर्ता:अनिरुद्ध कुमार|अनिरुद्ध कुमार]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:अनिरुद्ध कुमार|बात करीं]]) 06:41, 28 नवंबर 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 13:20, 18 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:59, 23 जनवरी 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-01-26_Wikipedias&oldid=29972868 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:11, 3 अप्रैल 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Invitation to join South Asian Community and the Annual Planning Discussions with WMF == "Kindly feel free to translate this text into your own language." Dear Community member, We would like to invite you all to the April edition of the South Asia Open Community Call that will focus on a discussion with the leadership of the Wikimedia Foundation on their [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Annual Plan (2026-2027)]]. The [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan|Foundation’s Annual Plan]] is a high-level roadmap for what the organisation aims to achieve in the coming year. It includes not only the foundation’s Goals, Progress, and plan but also a summary of Global Trends that impact the present and future of our movement. This is the right time for the South Asia community to participate and share their thoughts on the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan, helping shape it together. Share your hopes, concerns, bold ideas, and specific requests to contribute to the Foundation’s planning. Hence, the next [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call]] will be hosted on the following dates/times. Please mark the same in your calendar and sign up [[:m:Event:South Asia Open Community Call, April 2026|here]]. * Platform: Google Meet * Date: 17th April, 2026 * Time: 1930-2045 IST (1400-1515 UTC) * Registration Link: [[:m:Event:South Asia Open Community Call, April 2026|here]] Note: Only those who have registered will receive the joining link. Look forward to seeing you on the call, Best, [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 18:41, 5 अप्रैल 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 00:57, 26 अप्रैल 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Applications: TTT 2026 (Deadline Extended to 20 May) == ''<small>Apologies for writing in English. Please feel free to translate this into your language.</small>'' Hello everyone, We hope you are doing well. We would like to share that applications for the [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Train the Trainer Program/2026|Train the Trainer (TTT) 2026]] program are currently open. TTT is a capacity-building initiative aimed at supporting Wikimedians in developing training, facilitation, and leadership skills. We are happy to inform you that the scholarship application deadline has been [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Train the Trainer Program/2026/Scholarship|extended until 20 May 2026]]. We are still receiving applications and encourage interested community members, especially emerging leaders, to [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/17eq6lJNCTVBoKRqz5IdSCiYWv-eHBrYRnx1wXfncwLI/viewform?edit_requested=true&pli=1 apply]. We also request your support in sharing this opportunity within your communities and networks, so that it can reach a wider and more diverse group of participants. Thank you for your continued support. '''OKI (IIIT-H)''' [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 13:02, 17 मई 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=30361720 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 मई 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|बातचीत]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 जून 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 जून 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == WikiConference India 2026: Call for Submissions and Self-funded applications == Dear Community Members, We are pleased to announce that self-funded registration and the Call for Submissions for [1] [[m:WikiConference_India_2026|'''WikiConference India 2026''']] are now open. WikiConference India 2026 will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4th to 6th September 2026. The conference will bring together Wikimedians, community leaders, developers, researchers, and open knowledge enthusiasts from across India and South Asia to connect, collaborate, and share experiences. The theme for WCI 2026 is '''“Reimagining the Knowledge Commons: Community Leadership in an Evolving Wikimedia Ecosystem.”''' As the Wikimedia movement navigates rapid technological changes, including the rise of AI and new models of knowledge creation, the conference aims to create space for conversations around community leadership, knowledge equity, regional languages, open knowledge, and the future of Wikimedia in India and South Asia. === Self-Funded Registration === The self-funded registration application is now live on Pretix. * Details and Eligibility [2] : [[m:WikiConference_India_2026/Registration|'''[Registration Meta Page Link]''']] * Registration Form [3] :  '''https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/WCI2026/''' * Last date for registration : '''July 15th, 2026''' === Call for Submissions === The Call for Submissions is now live on Eventyay. We invite proposals for workshops, discussions, panels, interactive sessions, lightning talks, and poster presentations. Whether you are an experienced contributor or a newer community member, your ideas, experiences, and learnings can help shape the conference program and contribute to important conversations across the movement. * Details and Guidelines [4] : '''[<nowiki/>[[m:WikiConference_India_2026/Programme/Submissions|Link to Meta-Wiki Submission Page]]]''' * Submission Deadline: '''[July 15th, 2026]''' For complete information about WikiConference India 2026, including participation details, timelines, conference updates, and submission guidelines, please refer to the official announcement: * Detailed Announcement [5]: [[diffblog:2026/06/26/shape-the-future-call-for-submissions-open-for-wikiconference-india-2026/|'''[Blog Post Link]''']] We encourage community members to register, submit proposals, and share this announcement within their networks. Regards, WikiConference India 2026 Organizing Team [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026 [2] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Registration [3] https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/WCI2026/ [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Programme/Submissions [5] https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/26/shape-the-future-call-for-submissions-open-for-wikiconference-india-2026/ [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Amrit Sufi|Amrit Sufi]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Amrit Sufi|बात करीं]]) 09:54, 30 जून 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 जुलाई 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Invitation to Participate in Kerala Culture Month 2026 == Dear Wikimedia Contributors, We are excited to announce '''[[m:Kerala_Culture_Month_2026|Kerala Culture Month 2026]]''', a collaborative campaign launched in conjunction with '''[[m:WikiConference_India_2026|WikiConference India 2026]]'''. This initiative aims to expand and enhance content about Kerala across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. '''Campaign Focus:''' * Expand Wikipedia articles about Kerala in multiple languages * Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information * Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed Kerala media * Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Kerala-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kerala_Culture_Month_2026 on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards, ''Communications Team, WCI 2026'' <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Shadabgdg|Shadabgdg]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Shadabgdg|बात करीं]]) 15:55, 25 जुलाई 2026 (UTC) == Community Tech Task Force: Technical needs assessment for Indic communities == ''Please feel free to translate it into your language.'' </br> </br> Hello everyone, </br> </br> We hope you're doing well! </br> </br> The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group] (IMDUG) is reaching out to Wikimedia communities across India to strengthen collaboration and better understand the technical needs of different language communities. Last year, we piloted [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025 Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025] initiative by engaging with two language communities to understand their technical challenges and identify opportunities for collaboration. Based on our learnings, experience, and the valuable insights we received, we are expanding the initiative this year to reach all Indic communities. Our goal is to reach every community and understand where technical support is most needed. === What are we looking for? === We invite your community to nominate one or two points of contact and share: *The name of your Wikimedia community. *A primary and alternate community contact. *Telegram usernames of the nominated contacts. *A brief overview of your community's technical challenges, needs, or priorities. </br> This could include areas such as: *Editing or patrolling workflows that could be improved. *Gadgets, tools, or bots that your community needs. *Template or interface-related challenges. *Technical barriers faced by contributors. *Any other broad technical priorities for your community. === How to participate === Please fill out the community response [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog form] by '''18th August'''. If your community prefers, you are also welcome to reply directly on this message. === What happens next? === The information collected will help us: *Build a network of community contacts for future technical collaboration. *Understand and prioritize the technical needs of Indic Wikimedia communities. *Plan focused technical support and community engagement activities. *Connect communities with developers and relevant technical initiatives where appropriate. </br> Please note that while we will carefully review every submission, our ability to provide support will depend on the complexity of the request, available expertise within the User Group, volunteer bandwidth, and available resources. Although we may not be able to address every request immediately, we will make every effort to prioritize and support as many community needs as possible, and where appropriate, connect communities with the relevant developers or technical channels. We look forward to working more closely with your community! </br> '''Best wishes,''' </br> [[User:Kalli navya|Navya sri Kalli]] </br> ''On behalf of the Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group (IMDUG)'' == Invitation to pre-conference activities for WikiConference India 2026 == Dear Wikimedia contributors, As the Wikiconference India 2026 draws nearer, the excitement is soaring as well! We are sending this message to inform you that two pre-conference activities are being held as a part of this meetup. The Wiki Loves Villages campaign 2026 starts on 15th August 2026, so get ready to contribute! This initiative aims to expand and enhance content and media about villages across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. Campaign Focus: A. Expand Wikipedia articles about Villages in India in multiple languages B. Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information C. Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed media about a village D. Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Village-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Another way to contribute to a pre-conference activity is the innovative Wiki Loves Medicinal Plants 2026- it is a photography campaign hosted by WikiConference India 2026. The activity already started on 1st August and ends on 31st August 2026, so gear up to document local medicinal knowledge and fill the knowledge gaps. This initiative aims to expand and enhance freely licensed images and other media of medicinal plants in and around our surroundings. Campaign Focus: A. Add freely licensed images of medicinal plants. B. Improve description of existing medicinal plants. C. Improve depictions of images. D. Improve wikidata items. We invite you to contribute by adding new photos, videos or enhancing existing ones. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. To know more about how to contribute, rules, and tips head to the Meta page to find information ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards,<br>WikiConference India 2026 pre-conference organizing team -- [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|बात करीं]]) 15:35, 13 अगस्त 2026 (UTC) == निवेदन == हम भोजपुरी विकिपीडिया पर निक संपादन क रहल बानी आ वैश्विक स्तर पर हमार 11,900+ संपादन बा। [[विकिपीडिया:रोलबैकर्स अधिकार हेतु निवेदन#AMAN KUMAR|आपन समर्थन इहां दी]]। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:AMAN KUMAR|AMAN KUMAR]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:AMAN KUMAR|बात करीं]]) 07:45, 31 अगस्त 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' * You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}. * If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': * Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 सितंबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:20, 21 सितंबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067418 --> == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].<br/> Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes. Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 09:28, 9 अक्टूबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' * You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|en}}. * If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': * Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:01, 26 अक्टूबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India – Call for Participation == Hello everyone, India has a rich food culture, with diverse dishes, ingredients, cooking traditions and regional food practices. Many of these are not yet well represented on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. '''Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India''' is a photography competition on Wikimedia Commons organised by the [[m:Punjabi Wikimedians|Punjabi Wikimedians User Group]] as part of the international Wiki Loves Food 2026 campaign. It invites people across India to photograph local food and culinary traditions and share their images under a free license. '''Competition details:''' * '''Dates:''' 1 to 30 November 2026 * '''Platform:''' Wikimedia Commons * '''Who can participate:''' Anyone with a Wikimedia Commons account '''What can you photograph?''' * Traditional dishes, festival foods and home-cooked meals * Local ingredients, spices and grains * Cooking methods and food preparation * Street food, markets and regional food traditions Your photographs can help improve the coverage of India's food culture across Indian-language Wikipedia articles. For the rules, prizes and participation details, visit the [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India|competition page]] For questions, visit the [[c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Food 2026 in India|competition's talk page]] Please share this announcement with your communities and anyone interested in documenting India's food culture. We look forward to contributions from different regions across the country. '''Warm regards,''' On behalf of the Wiki Loves Food 2026 India organizing team [[प्रयोगकर्ता:VanshikaRathi|VanshikaRathi]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:VanshikaRathi|बात करीं]]) 08:57, 28 अक्टूबर 2026 (UTC) == WikiRefine: A 15-Day Wikipedia Article Improvement Campaign == Hello everyone, The Open Knowledge Initiatives (OKI) team is pleased to announce '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine WikiRefine]''', a 15-day article improvement campaign taking place from '''7 to 21 November 2026'''. We invite editors from all participating language communities to take part. The campaign aims to encourage Wikimedians to improve the overall quality of Wikipedia articles, with a focus on references, article structure, readability, images, internal links and other aspects of content development. ; Article lists For this campaign, we have prepared lists based on the 100 most-read articles from the last five years for participating language Wikipedias. You can find the article lists and other campaign information here: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine/List_of_Articles View the article lists] ;Evaluating article improvements We will be using the [https://wikieval.toolforge.org/ WikiEval tool], developed to support the evaluation of Wikipedia content during campaigns. It will help assess article quality and track improvements made throughout WikiRefine. ;What happens after the campaign? WikiRefine will also serve as a preparatory activity for a follow-up in-person event focused on qualitative improvements to local-language Wikipedias. We aim to bring together the top two participants (from India only) from each participating community. Their contributions will be assessed by a jury of experienced Wikimedians familiar with the respective languages. We encourage each community to identify up to three organisers, ensuring diverse representation of genders and both new and experienced Wikimedians. Jury members should be experienced contributors with a good understanding of their respective language Wikipedias. '''We invite everyone to participate, improve articles and help make knowledge in our languages more comprehensive and accessible.''' ([[m:IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine/Community Sign-up|Community Sign-up page]]) For more information, please visit the [[m:IIITH-OKI/Edit-a-thon/WikiRefine|WikiRefine project page]]. '''Note:''' A few language Wikipedia article lists have not yet been added to the dedicated page due to a technical issue with the tool. We are working to resolve this and aim to add them before the campaign begins. Thank you! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:MediaWiki message delivery|बात करीं]]) 17:11, 4 नवंबर 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(OKI)/lists/Indic_Wikipedia_VPs&oldid=31250414 --> nwwne9yj443zrvt84i7njxbtdp5kk0z 0 5542 814243 807069 2026-11-06T16:05:51Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{महीना पट्टी}} {{कैलेंडर}} '''सितंबर''' [[ग्रेगरियन कैलेंडर]] के नउवाँ महीना ह। ई [[अगस्त]] के बाद आ [[अक्टूबर]] से पहिले पड़े ला। सितंबर ({{Langx|en|september}}) शब्द [[लैटिन|लैटिन भाषा]] के ''सेप्टेम'' ''(septem)'' से आइल हवे, जेकर अर्थ [[सात]] होला। लगभग 750 ईसा पूर्व के सबसे पुरान मालुम रोमन कैलेंडर, जेकरा ''रोमुलस के कैलेंडर'' कहल जाला, में सितंबर साल के सातवाँ महीना होखत रहे। एह कैलेंडर में [[मार्च]] (लैटिन: ''मार्टियस'') साल के पहिला महीना रहे। ई बेवस्था संभवतः 451 ईसा पूर्व तक जारी रहल। बाद में कैलेंडर में बदलाव कइके साल के शुरुआत में [[जनवरी]] आ [[फरवरी]] जोड़ल गइल। एह बदलाव के बाद सितंबर साल के नौवाँ महीना बन गइल, बाकिर एकर पुरान नाँव बरकरार रहल। [[जूलियन कैलेंडर]] में सुधार होखे से पहिले सितंबर में 29 दिन होत रहे। जूलियन सुधार के तहत एह महीना में एगो दिन बढ़ा दिहल गइल आ ई 30 दिन के हो गइल। ==घटना== ==तिहुआर== ==अउरी दूसर महत्व के दिन== ==अउरी जानकारी== {{commons category|September|सितंबर}} {{साल के महीना सभ}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:महीना| 09]] [[श्रेणी:ग्रेगरियन कैलेंडर के महीना]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी महीना]] [[श्रेणी:सितंबर]] 4mn7xpuswhnxyxm0cs5kgelih0h1xll 0 5696 813729 810016 2026-11-06T12:06:56Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|ट्रेनिंग आ सीखे-सिखावे के काम|ट्रेनिंग वर्कशॉप}} [[Image:Railway workshop museum exhibition in Ljubljana, Slovenia.jpg|250px|thumb|एक ठो वर्कशौप]] '''वर्कशॉप''' ({{Lang|en|Workshope}}, [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]]:कर्मशाला) एगो अइसन जगह ह जहवा कवनो वस्तु के आधारभूत रुप मे परिर्वतन कइल जाला, कहला के मतलब इ बा की एगो अइसन जगह जहवां कवनो वस्तु के निर्माण होत होखे या ओकरी आकार के [[इंजीनियरी]] तरीके से बदलल जात होखे, कर्मशाला अर्थात वर्कशाप कहाला। आमतौर पर ई कौनों [[कमरा]] भा [[बिल्डिंग]] होला जहाँ सामान के मरम्मत या निर्माण करे वाला [[औजार]] आ काम करे के जगह मौजूद होला। पुराना समय में, जब [[औद्योगिक क्रांति]] ना भइल रहे, इंजीनियरी आ अइसन अउरी सामान सभ [[फैक्ट्री]] में ना बलुक वर्कशौप में बने। == वर्कशाप के स्थापना == वर्कशाप बनावे खातिर सबसे महत्वपूर्ण चीज होला उपयुक्त जगह के चुनाव कइल। # उपयुक्त जमीन उचीत मूल्य पर उपलब्ध होखे के चाही # कच्चा माल वर्कशाप के आस पास मिलत होखे # पानी के सुविधा होखे [[श्रेणी:इंजीनियरी]] n67ffqxrhvvf3d0uqv3bgw50og8vklm 0 5697 814219 763755 2026-11-06T15:59:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* गद्य */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साहित्य''' ([[अंग्रेजी]]: लिटरेचर) सामान्य अरथ में, [[लिखाई|लिखल गइल]] रूप में कौनों रचना के कहल जा सके ला।<ref>{{cite web|last=Rexroth |first=Kenneth |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/literature |title=Literature |language=en |publisher=Britannica.com |date=2015-07-13 |accessdate=2018-04-19}}</ref> हालाँकि, कुछ सकेत अरथ में [[कला (समस्त)|कलात्मक]] ढंग से लिखल गइल रचना सभ के साहित्य के दर्जा दिहल जाला; पुराना समय में खाली [[कबिता|कबितई]] वाली रचने सभ के साहित्य मानल जाय<ref>[http://vle.du.ac.in/mod/book/print.php?id=12741&chapterid=27064 साहित्य की परिभाषा]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, du.ac.in पर, (हिंदी में)।</ref> आ गद्य रचना बाद में एह में शामिल भइल। दुसरे ओर, ब्यापक अरथ में, सगरी अइसन [[लिखाई|लिपिबद्ध]], मने कि लिखाई भा लिपि के इस्तेमाल से सहेजल, चाहे ऊ हाथ से लिखल होखे चाहे छापा में छपल होखे, भा डिजिटल रूप में मौजूद होखे, कला आ ज्ञान के बात के निरूपण करे वाली सगरी सामग्री साहित्य कहल जा सके ले। ऑक्सफोर्ड ऑनलाइन हिंदी डिक्शेनरी के अनुसार, साहित्य के अरथ: लिपिबद्ध ज्ञान भा बिचार हो सके ला, गद्य भा पद्य में लिखल कलात्मक रचना, या फिर ग्रंथ सभ के सामूहिक रूप से साहित्य कहल जा सके ला।<ref>[https://hi.oxforddictionaries.com/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AF साहित्य]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ऑक्सफोर्ड ऑनलाइन डिक्शेनरी (हिंदी में)।</ref> साहित्य के बर्गीकरण भी कई आधार पर कइल जा सके ला, जइसे कि [[भाषा]], देस, बिधा, भा बिसयबस्तु के आधार पर अलगा-अलगा किसिम के साहित्य परिभाषित कइल जाला। ==शब्दउत्पत्ती== भोजपुरी भाषा में ''साहित्य'' शब्द [[संस्कृत]] से आइल हवे जहाँ एकर उत्पत्ती ''सहित''+''यत्'' प्रत्यय से बतावल जाला आ अरथ कइल जाला कि जहाँ शब्द आ अरथ के सहभाव (एक्के साथ मौजूद होखे के स्थिती) होखे।<ref name="Gupta">{{cite book|author=Dr Ganpati Chandra Gupta|title=Bhartiya Evam Paschatya Kavya Sidhant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5Ut61s0m34C&pg=PT28|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-8031-112-3|pages=28–}}</ref> हालाँकि, ऊपर बतावल ब्युत्पत्ती में कत्तों ''शब्द आ अरथ के समभाव'' वाली बात अपने आप ना आ जाले, ई मानल जाला कि पुरनका आचार्य लोग ''काब्य'', मने कि [[कबिताई]] के परिभाषा एही रूप में कइल कि जहाँ शब्द आ अरथ के समभाव होखे (सहितौ), हालाँकि बाद में एह पूरा बात खाती ई एकही शब्द इस्तमाल होखे लागल; साथे-साथ ''काब्य'' शब्द के अरथ एकरे बाद सिकुड़ गइल। अंग्रेजी शब्द ''लिटरेचर'' के उत्पत्ती लैटिन भाषा के शब्द ''लिटेरा'' (litera/littera) से बतावल जाला।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/literature |title=literature &#124; Origin and meaning of literature by Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |date= |accessdate=2018-04-19}}</ref> मने कि इहाँ भाषा के लिखल रूप के ढेर साफ बात कइल गइल बा, काहें कि एही ''लिटेरा'' मूल शब्द से जेकर अरथ अच्छर या अच्छर संबधित होला, से ''लेटर'' (अक्षर), ''लेटर'' चिट्ठी पतरी वगैरह के उत्पत्ती होखे ला। ==परिभाषा== साहित्य के परिभाषा समय के साथ बदलत रहल बाटे: ई एक किसिम से "संस्कृति सापेक्ष परिभाषा" होला।<ref name="Leitch ''et al.'', ''The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism'', 28">Leitch ''et al.'', ''The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism'', 28</ref> पच्छिमी यूरोप में, 18वीं सदी से पहिले, साहित्य के मतलब रहे सगरी किताब आ लिखित सामग्री।<ref name="Leitch ''et al.'', ''The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism'', 28" /> रोमांटिक जुग में अउरी सकेत माने के उदै भइल आ साहित्य के मतलब बूझल जाए लागल कि "कल्पनाशीलता" वाला लेखन के काम।<ref name="Ross, The Emergence of Literature: Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century, 406">Ross, "The Emergence of "Literature": Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century", 406</ref><ref name="Eagleton, ''Literary theory: an introduction'', 16">Eagleton, ''Literary theory: an introduction'', 16</ref> समकालीन बादबिबाद कि साहित्य में कवना कवना चीज के सामिल कयल जाय, पुरनका लच्छन सभ के ओर लवट रहल बा आ बेसी इन्क्लूसिव (मने ढेर कुछ समेटले) चिन्हित कइल जा रहल बा; जइसे कि उदाहरन के रूप में, सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन, एकरे पापुलर आ अलपसंख्यक बिधा सभ, सगरो के सामिल करे ला आ पच्छिमी पंथ (धार्मिक) परंपरा के ग्रंथ सभ के भी एही के हिस्सा माने ला। ==साहित्य के प्रकार == ===कबिताई=== कविता के परंपरागत रूप से गद्य से अलगा कइल गइल बा काहें से कि एह में भाषा के सौंदर्य गुण सभ के ढेर इस्तेमाल कइल गइल बा, जवना में संगीत के उपकरण जइसे कि संगत, अलंकार, तुकबंदी, आ लय सामिल बा, आ पैराग्राफ के बजाय लाइन आ छंद में सेट कइल गइल बा आ हाल में एकर इस्तेमाल कइल गइल बा अन्य मुद्रण तत्व सभ के बारे में बतावल गइल बा। ई भेद ध्वनि कविता, ठोस कविता आ गद्य कविता नियर बिबिध संकर रूप सभ के कारण जटिल हो जाला आ अउरी सामान्य रूप से एह तथ्य से कि गद्य में लय होला। अब्राम लिपस्की एकरा के "खुला रहस्य" के रूप में संदर्भित करे लें कि "लय के कमी से गद्य के कविता से अलग ना कइल जाला"। 19वीं सदी से पहिले, कविता के आमतौर पर कुछ अइसन चीज के रूप में समझल गइल जे मात्रिक लाइन सभ में सेट कइल गइल होखे: "कवनो भी तरह के बिसय जेह में लय भा छंद सभ होखे"। संभवतः अरस्तू के परभाव (उनकर काव्यशास्त्र) के परिणाम के रूप में, 19वीं सदी से पहिले के "कविता" आमतौर पर काल्पनिक भा अलंकारिक कला के मानक श्रेणी के तुलना में छंद खातिर तकनीकी पदनाम कम रहल। एगो रूप के रूप में ई पहिले हो सके ला -तिथि साक्षरता, सभसे सुरुआती रचना सभ के रचना एगो मौखिक परंपरा के भीतर आ ओकरा द्वारा कायम रखल गइल बा; एही से ई साहित्य के सभसे पुरान उदाहरण के गठन करे ला। === गद्य === जइसन कि ऊपर बतावल गइल बा, गद्य में आमतौर पर भाषा के सौंदर्य गुण सभ के इस्तेमाल कविता के तुलना में बहुत कम कइल जाला। हालाँकि, आधुनिक साहित्य में भइल बिकास, जेह में मुक्त छंद आ गद्य कविता भी सामिल बा, एह अंतर के धुंधला करे के प्रवृत्ति रहल बा आ अमेरिकी कवि टी.एस. इलियट के सुझाव रहे कि: "पद्य आ गद्य के भेद साफ बा, कविता आ गद्य के भेद अस्पष्ट बा"। ==अवार्ड== साहित्य में उपलब्धि आ योगदान के मान्यता देवे वाला कई गो पुरस्कार आ अवार्ड बा। एह क्षेत्र के बिबिधता के देखत, पुरस्कार सभ के दायरा आमतौर पर सीमित होला, आमतौर पर एह बात पर: रूप, बिधा, भाषा, राष्ट्रीयता आ आउटपुट (जइसे कि पहिली बेर लेखक लोग खातिर या सुरुआती उपन्यास सभ खातिर)। साहित्य में नोबेल पुरस्कार 1895 में अल्फ्रेड नोबेल के वसीयत से स्थापित छह गो नोबेल पुरस्कार सभ में से एक रहल, आ ई कौनों लेखक के कौनों खास रचना के ना, या कौनों खास रचना खातिर ना, उनके रचना के निकाय के आधार पर दिहल जाला खुद। अउरी साहित्यिक पुरस्कार सभ जिनहन खातिर सगरी राष्ट्रीयता पात्र बाड़ी सऽ, इनहन में शामिल बाड़ें: साहित्य खातिर न्यूस्टैड अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार, मैन बुकर अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार, पुलित्जर पुरस्कार, ह्यूगो पुरस्कार, गार्जियन फर्स्ट बुक अवार्ड आ फ्रांज काफ्का पुरस्कार। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:साहित्य| ]] [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] nffjzks2wo7det3j2ev0wfjb7wazifi 0 8018 814067 789995 2026-11-06T13:44:19Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday |holiday_name = सोनपुर मेला |type = हिंदू |longtype = धार्मिक |image = Sonepur Famous Fair.jpeg |caption = सोनपुर के मेला में हाथी |official_name = सोनपुर मेला, हरिहर क्षेत्र मेला |nickname = |observedby = हिंदू लोग |begins = [[कातिक]] महीना के [[पुर्नवासी]] |ends = |date2018 = 21 नवंबर 2018 से 22 दिसंबर 2018<ref name="zeebiz2018">{{cite web|title=विश्व प्रसिद्ध सोनपुर मेला शुरू, नहीं होगी हाथियों की बिक्री {{!}} Zee Business|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/hindi/india/sonepur-mela-starts-not-allow-elephants-trading-2405|website=Zee Business|accessdate=30 नवंबर 2018|language=hi}}</ref> }} '''सोनपुर मेला''' भारतीय राज्य [[बिहार]] के [[सारन जिला]] में [[सोनपुर, बिहार|सोनपुर]] नाँव के जगह पर लागे वाला मेला हवे। मुख्य रूप से ई मेला मवेशी सभ के मेला हवे जहाँ पालतू जानवरन के बिक्री-खरीद होखे ला। मेला [[हिंदू कैलेंडर]] के हिसाब से [[कातिक]] महीना के [[पुर्नवासी]] से सुरू होला<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sonepur-cattle-fair-turns-matchmaking-venue/article6588354.ece |title=Marriages made in Sonepur cattle fair |publisher=The Hindu |date=2014-11-12 |accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> जेकरा के [[गंगा नहान]] भी कहल जाला। सोनपुर शहर, [[हिंदू धर्म|हिंदू धरम]] में पबित्र मानल जाए वाली नदी [[गंगा]] आ [[नेपाल]] से बह के आवे वाली [[गंडक नदी]] के संगम पर बसल हवे। हेइजा श्री हरिहरनाथ के मंदिर बा, इलाका के हरिहर क्षेत्र कहल जाला, आ एहिजे ई मेला लागे ला। मंदिर आ जगह के पबित्र माने के वजह [[पुराण]]न में बर्णित ''गजेंद्र मोक्ष'' के कथा हवे, जेकरे अनुसार अपना भक्त हाथी के मगरमच्छ द्वारा पकड़ लिहल जाए पर [[विष्णु]] आ के ओकरा के बचवले रहलें। कुछ समाचारन में एकरा के एशिया के सभसे बड़हन पशु मेला बतावल जाला।{{efn|सोनपुर मेला के एशिया के सभसे बड़ मवेशी मेला बतावल जाला, हालाँकि ई साफ नइखे कि दुनिया में अउरी कहाँ एकरा ले बड़ मेला लागे ला।}} एह मेला के देखे खाती भारते ना बलुक बिदेस के लोग भी आवे ला।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/saran-many-foreigners-from-several-countries-visit-sonpur-mela-1172023.html |title=many foreigners from several countries visit sonpur mela– News18 Hindi |publisher=Hindi.news18.com |date=2017-11-19 |accessdate=2017-12-01 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031248/https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/saran-many-foreigners-from-several-countries-visit-sonpur-mela-1172023.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> राज्य सरकार एकरे खाती कई किसिम के बेवस्था भी करे ले। सरकारी पुलिस के अलावा, मेला में चोरी-चकारी से निपटे खाती आ भुलाइल लोगन के खोज करे खाती इहाँ सामुदायिक पुलिस (स्वयंसेवक लोग के ब्यवस्था) भी कई साल से चल रहल बा।<ref>{{cite web|author=सीटू तिवारी पटना से, बीबीसी हिंदी डॉटकॉम के लिए |url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2015/12/151220_sonepur_community_policing_pm |title=मुस्कान बिखेरती सोनपुर की सामुदायिक पुलिस - BBC हिंदी |publisher=Bbc.com |date= |accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> ==पुराणिक महत्व आ मान्यता== [[File:Lord Vishnu.jpeg|thumb|230px|गजेंद्र मोक्ष, मूर्ती के रूप में।]] हिंदू धार्मिक कथा आ पुराणन के अनुसार गंगा-गंडक के संगम वाला इलाका के हरिहर क्षेत्र कहल जाला। सोनपुर में हरिहरनाथ के मंदिर भी स्थापित बाटे। पौराणिक कथा सभ में "गजेंद्र मोक्ष" के कथा मिले ला।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/history-of-sonpur-fair/articleshow/61455401.cms |title=history of sonpur fair&#124;बिहार के गौरवशाली इतिहास का प्रतीक है सोनपुर मेला - Navbharat Times |language=hi |publisher=Navbharattimes.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> कथा के मोताबिक, ग्राह (मगरमच्छ) द्वारा गज (हाथी) के पकड़े के आ बिष्णु द्वारा अवतार ले के ग्राह से मुक्ति दियवले रहलें। मानल जाला की एह घटना के क्षेत्र इहे क्षेत्र हवे।<ref>{{cite web|author=Last updated: 4 नबम्बर, 2017 2:06 AM |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-10-lakh-pilgrims-arrive-at-sonpur-fair-1626656.html |title=10 lakh pilgrims arrive at Sonpur fair , Bihar Hindi News - Hindustan |publisher=Livehindustan.com |date= |accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> जहाँ भगवान विष्णु अपना भक्त हाथी के प्राण के रक्षा मगरमच्छ से कइले रहीं, तबे से उहाँ के भगवान श्रीहरि आ हरिहरनाथ कहल जाला। कुछ बिद्वान लोग, वैष्णव लोग आ [[शैव मत|शैव लोग]] के आपसी बिबाद के दूर करे खाती हरी (बिष्णु) आ हर (शिव) के सम्मिलित रूप वाला देवता भगवान के हरिहर के कल्पना आ अस्थापना के भी इहाँ के प्रमुख देवता के उत्पत्ती के आधार माने ला। कुछ अन्य बिबरन में शालिग्रामी (इ गंडक के अन्य नाँव हवे) आ गंगा के संगम के कारण भी एह क्षेत्र के हरिहर क्षेत्र मानल जाए के बात मिले ला।<ref>{{cite book|title=Bharat Ke Pavitra Teerthsthal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tON0BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|year=2010|publisher=Grantha Akādamī|isbn=978-81-88267-99-6|pages=65–}}</ref> एह क्षेत्र के सात गो पुण्य क्षेत्र सभ में भी शामिल कइल जाला।<ref name="Sharma2017">{{cite book|author=Chandrapal Sharma|title=भारतीय संस्कृति और मूल अंकों के स्वर : अंक चक्र : Bhartiya Sanskriti aur Mool Anko ke Swar Ank Chakra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZYzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT209|date=1 September 2017|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5278-487-5|pages=209–}}</ref> जानवर के मेला भइला के बावजूद इ खाली जानवर मेला ना ह। इ भोजपुरिया समाज के मेला भी ह जहाँ रउआ भोजपुरी सभ्यता आ संस्कृति के जाने पहचाने के मौका मिले ला। भोजपुरिया पकवान से लेके भोजपुरिया कला तक के दर्शन इहाँ हो जाला।<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/multimedia/2013/11/131123_world_famous_sonepur_mela_gallery_pk.shtml |title=बिहार में सोनपुर मेले की धूम - BBC हिंदी |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> एही मेला में अपना ज़माना के मशहूर नौटंकी अदाकारा [[गुलाब बाई]] के जलवा रहे जेकरा के ओह समय के लोग अब्बो इयाद करे ला। हालत ई कि अब्बो एह मेला में गुलाब बाई के नाँव से कई गो इस्टेज लागे लें।<ref name="jagran2018">{{cite news|title=सोनपुर मेला: जब स्टेज पर आती थीं गुलाब बाई तो थम जाती थीं सांसे|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-sonpur-fair-people-have-not-forgotten-gulab-bai-18686980.html|accessdate=30 नवंबर 2018|work=दैनिक जागरण|date=27 नवंबर 2018|language=hi}}</ref> ==इतिहासी महत्व== [[File:Sonpur-Mela-2017.jpg|thumb|230px|सोनपुर मेला में घूमत बिदेसी सैलानी लोग]] सोनपुर मेला खाली मवेशी बेचे-खरीदे के जगह ना हवे। अतना लोग के भारी भीड़ एकट्ठा होला कि ई एगो सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक सम्मेलन बन जाला। एह मेला के दौरान होखे वाला पब्लिक के भीड़ के चलते इहाँ कुछ इतिहासी सम्मलेन भी भइल बाने। एह में से दू गो प्रमुख बाने। सन 1908 में एही सोनपुर के मेला में बिहार प्रांतीय कांग्रेस के गठन भइल रहल।<ref name="Pandey">{{cite book|author=Narendra Kumar Pandey|title=Dr Shrikrishan Singh Itihas Ke Aaine Me|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yucDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|isbn=978-81-7721-299-0|pages=15–}}</ref> एह पहिली बैठक के अध्यक्षता सरफ़राज हुसैन खान कइलेन।<ref name="Sajjad2014">{{cite book|author=Mohammad Sajjad|title=Muslim Politics in Bihar: Changing Contours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iVHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|date=13 August 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-55982-5|pages=10–}}</ref> कांग्रेस पार्टी के लोग बाद में भी एहिजा आ अइसने मेला सभ में जा के नया सपोर्टर जुटावे के कोसिस करे।<ref name="Yang1999">{{cite book|author=Anand A. Yang|title=Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5lQutvzAp4C&pg=PA160|date=1 February 1999|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-91996-9|pages=160–}}</ref> एगो अन्य दुसरी प्रमुख चीज कि हेइजे स्वामी [[सहजानंद सरस्वती]] 1920 में "किसान सभा" के भी गठन कइले रहलें आ एह सभा के अध्यक्ष बनलें।<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book|author=Dinesh Datt Sharma|title=Swami Sahajananda Saraswati : Amrit Kalash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWNtCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133|isbn=978-93-5048-880-5|pages=133–}}</ref> कुछ अन्य बिबरन में, एहिजे 1888 में अखिल भारतीय गौरक्षा समीति के स्थापना होखे के बात भी बतावल जाला।<ref name="Yang1999"/><ref name="festivalsofindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.festivalsofindia.in/sonepur/history.aspx |title=Sonepur Mela History, History Behind Sonepur Fair |publisher=Festivalsofindia.in |date= |accessdate=2017-12-01 |archive-date=2016-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103004106/http://www.festivalsofindia.in/sonepur/history.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[राहुल सांकृत्यायन]] के हवाला से एह मेला के उत्पत्ती शुंग बंस के शासन काल से भइल बतावल जाले। जबकि बिहार सरकार के पर्यटन बिभाग के हवाला से एह मेला के प्राचीन होखे के बारे में बतावल गइल बा कि [[चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य]] भी इहाँ से हाथी खरीदें।<ref name="bbc2017">{{cite web|author=अतहर इमाम ख़ान सोनपुर से, बीबीसी हिंदी के लिए |url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-42123343 |title=सोनपुर मेलाः चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य भी यहां से हाथी घोड़ा ख़रीदा करते - BBC हिंदी |publisher=Bbc.com |date= |accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> कुछ जगह बिबरन मिले ला कि पहिले ई मेला [[पटना]] के उत्तर में मौजूद [[हाजीपुर]] में लागे आ [[औरंगजेब]] के जमाना में एह जगह लागे शुरू भइल। पहिले खाली भर पूजा हेइजा होखे।<ref name="festivalsofindia1"/> बाबा हरिहरनाथ के मंदिर के इतिहास के बारे में कथा बतावल जाला कि ई [[राम]] द्वारा जनक के इहाँ जात समय बनवावल गइल रहे। बाद में एकर मरम्मत के काम राजा मान सिंह द्वारा करावल गइल आ अपना अंतिम रूप में, वर्तमान मंदिर के निर्माण राजा राम नारायण द्वारा [[मुग़ल साम्राज्य|मुग़ल काल]] के अंतिम समय में करावल गइल।<ref name="festivalsofindia1"/> ==आवागमन== [[File:Sonepur station.jpeg|thumb|220px|सोनपुर रेलवे टीशन]] सोनपुर शहर बिहार के सारन जिला के सभसे पूरबी माथ पर बा। ई गंगा आ गंडक के संगम पर बसल हवे। बिहार के राजधानी पटना से एकर दूरी बस लगभग 30 किलोमीटर बा आ ई पटना से उत्तर ओर, तनिका पछिमाहुत दिसा में पड़े ला, गंगा नदी के उत्तरी किनारा पर सोनपुर-हाजीपुर आ दक्खिनी किनारे पर [[पटना]] बा। रेल से भी सोनपुर तीशन पहुँचल जा सकत बा। हाजीपुर के पच्छिम ओर ई रेलवे इस्टेशन मौजूद बा आ एकरे आगे अउरी पच्छिम जा के लाइन दू दिसा में चल जाले, [[छपरा]] खाती आ दक्खिन मुंह के मुड़ के दीघा-सोनपुर पुल (लोकनायक जयप्रकाश सेतु) पार क के पटना के पच्छिमी हिस्सा में घुसे ले। {{clear}} ==नोट== <references group="नोट"/> ==संदर्भ== {{reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:भारत में मेला]] [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:सारन जिला]] ghkxaf7o4w0nxznpd6j0xquy65slx40 0 8282 813975 790589 2026-11-06T13:00:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* गायकी कैरियर */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|भारतीय लोक गायिका}} {{Infobox person | name = शारदा सिन्हा | image = Sharda Sinha (cropped).jpg | caption = शारदा सिन्हा | birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|10|01|df=y}} | birth_place = हुलास गाँव, सुपौल, बिहार, भारत | death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|10|05|1952|10|01|df=y}} | death_place = नई दिल्ली, भारत | nationality = भारतीय | other_names = बिहार कोकिला | occupation = लोक गायिका | years_active = 1980–2024 | known_for = भोजपुरी, मैथिली आ मगही लोकगीत }} '''शारदा सिन्हा''' (1 अक्टूबर 1952 – 5 अक्टूबर 2024) एगो भारतीय लोक गायिका रहली। ऊ खास तौर पर भोजपुरी, मैथिली आ मगही भाषा में गावल लोकगीत खातिर जानल जात रहली। इनके आवाज बिहार आ पूर्वांचल में बहुत लोकप्रिय रहल आ छठ गीतन खातिर खास पहचान बन गइल रहे। भारत सरकार इनके संगीत क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर पद्मश्री आ पद्मभूषण से सम्मानित कइले रहल।<ref name="Padma Shree">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=19 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Padma Bhushan">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/government-announces-recipients-of-2018-padma-awards/articleshow/62653257.cms | title=Government announces recipients of 2018 Padma awards | work=The Times of India | date=26 January 2018}}</ref> 5 अक्टूबर 2024 के नई दिल्ली के एम्स अस्पताल में इनके निधन भइल।<ref>{{cite web |title=शारदा सिन्हा के निधन |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/cqxw2z8yg1go |website=BBC News हिंदी |date=6 नवंबर 2024}}</ref> == जिनगी == शारदा सिन्हा के जनम 1 अक्टूबर 1952 के बिहार के सुपौल जिला के हुलास गाँव में भइल रहे। इनके पिता सुखदेव ठाकुर बिहार सरकार में शिक्षा विभाग में अधिकारी रहलें। बचपन से ही इनकर रुझान संगीत के ओर रहल। इन्होंने आपन पढ़ाई पटना विश्वविद्यालय से पूरी कइली आ कला विषय में स्नातक डिग्री हासिल कइली। बियाह के बाद भी ऊ संगीत से जुड़ल रहली आ आगे चलके समस्तीपुर में एगो कॉलेज में संगीत के शिक्षा देवे लगली। == गायकी कैरियर == शारदा सिन्हा 1980 के दशक में लोकगीत गायकी से प्रसिद्ध भइली। ऊ मैथिली, भोजपुरी आ मगही भाषा में पारंपरिक गीत गावे खातिर जानल जात रहली। इनकर कई गो लोकप्रिय गीत बा जइसे: ''पिरितिया काहे ना लगवले'', ''पटना से बैदा बोलाइ दऽ'', ''पनिया के जहाज से पलटनिया बनि अइहऽ पिया''। हिंदी सिनेमा में भी इनकर योगदान रहल। फिल्म ''मैंने प्यार किया'' के गीत ''कहे तोसे सजना'' बहुत लोकप्रिय भइल। बाद में ''हम आपके हैं कौन'' में भी ऊ गाना गइली। फिल्म ''गैंग्स ऑफ वासेपुर'' में इनकर गावल गीत ''तार बिजली से पतले हमारे पिया'' नया पीढ़ी में भी काफी लोकप्रिय भइल। == सम्मान == * पद्म श्री (1991) * पद्म भूषण (2018) * बिहार कोकिला (उपाधि) * देवी अहिल्या सम्मान == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1952 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2024 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय गायिका]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय लोक गायिका]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] kffqq2zag2h7h5hrktrdjrr9zmp485a 0 8582 814117 766414 2026-11-06T15:49:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814117 wikitext text/x-wiki "सत्यार्थ प्रकाश" के रचना आर्य समाज के संस्थापक महर्षि दयानंद सरस्वती जी कइले रहलें। हालांकि उनकर मातृभाषा गुजराती रहे आ उनका संस्कृत के एतना ज्ञान रहे कि संस्कृत में धाराप्रवाह बोलत रहले, तबो उहाँ के एह किताब के रचना हिन्दी में कइले रहनी। कहल जाला कि 1872 में जब स्वामीजी केशवचंद्र सेन से कलकत्ता में भेंट कइले त स्वामीजी के सलाह दिहलन कि संस्कृत छोड़ के हिंदी बोलल शुरू कर दीं, तब भारत के बहुते फायदा होई. तब से स्वामी जी के व्याख्यान के भाषा हिन्दी हो गइल आ शायद एही कारण से स्वामी जी सत्यार्थ प्रकाश के भाषा के खाली हिन्दी के रूप में रखले। [[श्रेणी:धार्मिक किताब]] {{Book-stub}} 1iswiru61hb8b01raaeag46uuj6qoo1 0 8972 814380 783582 2026-11-07T07:15:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में उपलब्धियाँ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सुनेत्रा गुप्ता''' (जन्म : 1965) एगो वैज्ञानिक आऊर ऑक्सफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय में मीमांसात्मक रोगशास्त्र क प्रोफ़ेसर बाड़ीं जिनकर रुचि मलेरिया, ऍच आई वी, इन्फ़्लूएन्ज़ा और बॅक्टेरियाई मेनिंग्टिस जइसन छूत के बीमारी क वजह पता लगवलै में हव। <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01mw2d6 Sunetra Gupta on the Life Scientific]</ref> सुनेत्रा उपन्यास भी लिखैलीं। ==संक्षिप्त जीवनी== सुनेत्रा गुप्ता क जन्म [[कोलकाता]], [[भारत]] में भयल रहै। सुनेत्रा जीव विज्ञान में प्रिन्स्टन विश्वविद्यालय से डिग्री और युनिवर्सिटी ऑफ़ लंदन से पीएच॰ डी॰ क उपाधि लेहलीं। ==विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में उपलब्धियाँ== सुनेत्रा गुप्ता ऑक्सफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय के प्राणि-विज्ञान विभाग में मीमांसात्मक रोगशास्त्र क प्रोफ़ेसर बाड़ीं। ऊ यूरोपीय सलाहकार बोर्ड क सदस्या भी बाड़ीं। <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://press.princeton.edu/about_pup/european_advisory_board.html |title=प्रिंसटन यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस, यूरोपीय सलाहकार बोर्ड |access-date=2013-10-31 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160559/http://press.princeton.edu/about_pup/european_advisory_board.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> उनके लंदन के जूलॉजिकल सोसायटी के ओर से वैज्ञानिक पदक से सम्मानित कयल गयल बा आऊर रॉयल सोसाइटी [[लंदन]] आऊर वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान बदे उनके रोज़लिण्ड फ्रेंकलिन पुरस्कार दिहल गयल हौ। उनके उपन्यासन के [[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] आऊर दक्षिणी कला साहित्य पुरस्कार बदे चुनल गयल हौ। उनके उपन्यासन के वोडाफोन क्रॉसवर्ड बुक अवार्ड बदे नामांकित कयल गयल आऊर ऑरेंज पुरस्कार बदे भी पहिले नामांकन लिस्ट में भी विचार कयल गयल रहै। गुप्ता क चित्र प्रतिष्ठित रॉयल सोसाइटी के ग्रीष्मकालीन विज्ञान प्रदर्शनी में प्रमुख महिला वैज्ञानिकन जइसे कि [[मैडम क्यूरी]] के साथे जुलाई 2013में रखल गयल रहै। <ref>{{cite news|url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-21/nri-achievers/40708277_1_indian-woman-scientist-image-problem-calcutta|title = Indian woman scientist's portrait to be exhibited in Britain|publisher = दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया|accessdate = September 1, 2013|archive-date = 2013-07-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130725040146/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-21/nri-achievers/40708277_1_indian-woman-scientist-image-problem-calcutta|url-status = dead}}</ref> ==एक लेखिका के रूप में== गुप्ता सबसे पहिले अपने उपन्यासन के बंगाली में लिखलीं। ऊ रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर के कविता क अनुवाद भी कइलीं। सुनेत्रा कई उपन्यास लिखले बाड़ीं जेमा अक्टूबर 2012 में उनकर पचवाँ उपन्यास '''सो गुड इन ब्लैक''' दक्षिण एशियाई साहित्य के डीएससी पुरस्कार बदे पहिलका नामांकन लिस्ट में शामिल कयल गयल रहै। <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.sunetragupta.com/biography.asp|title = biography|publisher = Sunetra Gupta|accessdate = September 1, 2013|archive-date = December 8, 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131208101646/http://sunetragupta.com/biography.asp|url-status = dead}}</ref> ==उपन्यास लिस्ट== *''Memories of Rain''. Penguin Books India, New Delhi 1992, ISBN 0-140-16907-2. *''The Glassblower's Breath'' (1993) *''Moonlight into Marzipan'' (1995) *''A Sin of Colour'' (1999) *''So Good in Black'' (2009) ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1965 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय महिला वैज्ञानिक]] [[श्रेणी:उपन्यासकार]] [[श्रेणी:अनुवादक]] ccmf02fgppuaa1y1tg6xzqfp2jxoell 0 9065 813903 777416 2026-11-06T12:55:33Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वुडरो विल्सन''' (<small>[[अंग्रेजी]] : Woodrow Wilson</small>) (1856-1924) [[अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति|अमेरिका के 28 वें राष्ट्रपति]] बाड़ें। विल्सन के [[लोक प्रशासन]] के काम-धाम क व्याख्या करे वाले अकादमिक विद्वान, प्रशासक, [[इतिहासकार]], कानून क जानकार, आउर [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] के रूप में जानल जाला। == जीवनी == वुडरो विल्सन क जनम 28 दिसंबर, 1856 के [[अमेरिका]] के [[वर्जीनिया]] प्रांत में भयल रहे। ऊ [[प्रिन्सटन विश्वविद्यालय]] से [[राजनीति]], [[प्रशासन]] आउर [[विधि|कानून]] क पढ़ाई करत 1879 में [[स्नातक]] क उपाधि पवलें। प्रिन्सटन विश्वविद्यालय से ही 1886 में विल्सन [[पीएच. डी.]] क उपाधि भी पवलें। उनकर पहिली रचना ''कांग्रेसनल गवर्नमेंट'' (<small>Congressional Government</small>) 1884 में छपल।<ref>[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwilsonW.htm वुडरो विल्सन की जीवनी]</ref> विल्सन 1886 से लेकर 1902 तक [[राजनीति विज्ञान]] क प्रोफेसर रहलें। 1902 से 1910 तक के बखत में ऊ प्रिन्सटन विश्वविद्यालय के अध्यक्ष पद पर रहलें।<ref>लोक प्रशासन, डॉ. अमरेश्वर अवस्थी एवं डॉ. श्रीराम माहेश्वरी, लक्ष्मी नारायण अग्रवाल, आगरा, 2011, पृष्ठ-48, ISBN 818577818</ref> == राजनीतिक जीवन == विल्सन के 1910 में [[न्यू जर्सी]] राज्य क [[गवर्नर]] चुनल गयल। 1912 में विल्सन के [[अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति|अमेरिका क 28 वाँ राष्ट्रपति]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson |title=अमेरिका के २८वें राष्ट्रपति : व्हाइट हाउस का आधिकारिक जालघर |access-date=2013-11-12 |archive-date=2012-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809051306/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson |url-status=dead }}</ref> चुनल गयल। ऊ 8 साल तक अमेरिका क राष्ट्रपति रहले के बाद रिटायर हो गयल रहलें। 1919 में विल्सन के [[शांति क नोबेल पुरस्कार]] मिलल रहे। 1924 में सेरेब्रल हैमरेज (<small>cerebral haemorrhage</small>) से उनकर निधन हो गयल।<ref>[http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1919/wilson-bio.html वुडरो विल्सन क जीवनी]</ref> == लोक प्रशासन संबंधी विचार == {{मुख्य|लोक प्रशासन}} वुडरो विल्सन का मानना था कि लोक प्रशासन को राजनीति से पृथक होना चाहिेए। उन्हें सामान्य तौर पर प्रशासन और राजनीति में विभाजन को रेखांकित करने के कारण याद किया जाता है। विल्सन के अनुसार किसी [[संविधान]] की रचना तो आसान है किंतु उसको क्रियान्वित करना कठिन है। उन्होंने क्रियान्वयन के क्षेत्र के अध्ययन पर विशेष बल दिया। अपने [[निबन्ध]] ''स्टडी ऑफ ऐडमिनिस्ट्रेशन'' (<small>Study of Administration</small>) में विल्सन ने राजनीति और प्रशासन के अंतरसंबंधों पर चर्चा करते हुए लिखा था कि, ''प्रशासन राजनीति के विषय क्षेत्र के बाहर है। प्रशासनिक समस्याएँ राजनीतिक समस्याएँ नहीं होती हैं। यद्यपि राजनीति, प्रशासन के कार्य व स्वरूप निर्धारित कर सकती है फिर भी उसको यह अधिकार नहीं दिया जाना चाहिए कि वह प्रशासनिक पक्षों के बारे में हेर-फेर कर सके।''<ref>[http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=465 The Study of Administration] TeachingAmericanHistory.org पर प्रकाशित, अभिगमन तिथि : 16 अगस्त, 2012</ref> प्रशासन को राजनीति से स्वतंत्र करते हुए वुडरो विल्सन ने उसे एक विषय के रूप में स्थापित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभायी। == संदर्भ == {{टिप्पणीसूची}} == बाहरी कड़ियाँ == * [http://wws.princeton.edu/ प्रिंस्टन विश्वविद्यालय का आधिकारिक जालघर] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917132841/http://www.wws.princeton.edu/ |date=2007-09-17 }} * [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/ Woodrow Wilson : International centre for scholars] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति]] [[श्रेणी:नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता]] [[श्रेणी:प्रशासन]] [[श्रेणी:विधि]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:इतिहासकार]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीति बिज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1856 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1924 में निधन]] {{bio-stub}} 58hyd150wqkyqfxx069o2asvdflubey 0 9197 814210 807048 2026-11-06T15:58:57Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सारनाथ | other_name = | settlement_type = शहर | image_skyline = Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath.jpg | image_alt = स्तूप | image_caption = सारनाथ में [[धमेक स्तूप]] | map_alt = | map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में सारनाथ के लोकेशन | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|25.3811|N|83.0214|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = राज्य | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | founder = | named_for = सारंगनाथ | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = हिंदी | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = }}{{Buddhist holy sites}} '''सारनाथ''' भारतीय राज्य [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[पूर्वांचल|पूरबी हिस्सा]] में मौजूद शहर [[बनारस]] से करीब दस किलोमीटर दूर उत्तर पच्छिम दिशा में एगो अस्थान बा जहाँ [[भगवान बुद्ध]] आपन पहिला उपदेश दिहलन। भगवान बुद्ध ए अस्थान पर मृगदाव, ऋषिपत्तन में आपन पहिला उपदेश दिहलन जेवना के "धर्मचक्र प्रवर्तन" कहल जाला। एही कारण महाराजा [[अशोक]] एह अस्थान पर एगो स्तंभ (खम्भा) लगववलन जेवना के [[अशोक स्तंभ|सारनाथ क अशोक स्तंभ]] कहल जाला। [[भारत क राष्ट्रीय चिह्न]] एही अशोक स्तंभ की मुकुट (ऊपरी हिस्सा) की आकृति क नकल हवे। आजकाल ए स्तंभ की मुकुट के सारनाथ संग्रहालय में सुरक्षित रखल गइल बा। ऋषिपत्तन, जेवना के पाली भाषा में ''इशिपत्तन'' भी कहल जाला बौद्ध धर्म की चार सबसे प्रमुख तीरथ में गिनल जाला, बाकी तीनों हवें [[लुम्बिनी]], [[बोधगया]] अउरी [[कुशीनगर]]। इहँवा सारनाथ में [[धमेक स्तूप]], मूलगंध कुटी, [[सारनाथ संग्रहालय]], [[चौखंडी स्तूप]] आ अउरी कई मंदिर देखे लायक बा। पुरातात्विक खुदाई में मिलल तरह तरह के मूर्ति आ सामन भी संग्रहालय में रखल बा जवन इतिहास आ संस्कृति की विद्यार्थी खातिर बहुत महत्व क चीज बा। [[जैन धर्म]] के इग्यारहवाँ तीर्थंकर [[श्रेयांशनाथ]] के भी जनम एही जगह से थोड़ी दूरी पर भइल रहे जे से सारनाथ क महत्व जैन धर्म के माने वालन में भी बा। == नाँव == '''सारनाथ''' शब्द के उत्पत्ति [[संस्कृत]] भाषा की ''सारंगनाथ'' से मानल जाला, जेकर अर्थ होला ‘हरिना (हिरन) के राजा’। कहानी ई कहल जाला कि बोधिसत्व जब हिरन की रूप में अवतार लिहलें तब शिकार खेले वाला राजा से एगो गर्भवती हिरनी के जान बचावे की खातिर आपन प्राण निछावर कइ दिहलन। राजा ए बात से प्रभावित हो के हरिना कुल के शिकार कइल छोड़ दिहलें आ एही अस्थान पर हरिना कुल खातिर एगो अभयारण्य बनवा दिहलन जहाँ केहू हरिना के शिकार न करे। आज एकरी प्रतीक की रूप में हिरन पार्क इहाँ बंवावल गइल बा। [[सारंगनाथ महादेव मंदिर|सारंगनाथ महादेव]] की नाम की साथ आजकाल इहाँ एगो शिव मंदिर भी बा जेवना आधार पर कुछ लोग ई कहेला कि ई जगह प्राचीन काल से शिव की पूजा क आस्थान रहे आ इहाँ पहिले भी [[सारंगनाथ महादेव मंदिर|सारंगनाथ महादेव]] के पूजा होखे। हालाँकि ई बाति उल्टो हो सकेला कि शिव के पूजा बाद में ए बौद्ध अस्थान पर शुरू भइल होखे। '''ऋषिपत्तन''' के कहानी ई हवे कि इहाँ भगवान बुद्ध कि जनम से पाहिले ओकर सूचना 500 ऋषियन के देवे खातिर देवता लोग उतरल रहलें। दूसरी कहानी की हिसाब से ऋषि लोग अपनी हिमालय यात्रा पर आकाश मार्ग से जात घरी उतर के विश्राम कइले रहे जेसे एकर नाँव ऋषिपत्तन पड़ल। '''मृगदाव''' चाहे '''मृगदाय''' ऐसे कहल जाला कि इहाँ राजा के आदेश की अनुसार मृग के शिकार कइल मना रहे आ मिरगा (हिरन) कुल स्वतंत्र हो के बिना कौनो भय के विचरण क सकत रहलें। == इतिहास == भगवान बुद्ध करीब 533 ई. पू. में इहाँ आपन पहिला उपदेश दिहलें जे के धर्मचक्र प्रवर्तन कहल जाला। एकरी बाद लगभग तीन सौ बारिस क इतिहास मालुम नइखे काहें से कि पुरातात्विक खोदाई में ए समय क कौनो चीज ना मिलल बा। मौर्य काल में [[अशोक]](304-232 ईपू) की समय से सारनाथ के इतिहास की बारे में जानकारी मिलेला। सम्राट अशोक इहाँ स्तंभ लगववलें आ ओपर ब्राह्मी लिपि में आपन आदेश लिखववलें। कनिष्क की समय में इहवाँ बोधिसत्व के मूर्ति लगावल गइल। तीसरी शताब्दी से सारनाथ के असली उत्थान शुरू भइल अउरी कला, संस्कृति आ धर्म की एगो महत्वपूर्ण केन्द्र की रूप में सारनाथ गुप्त काल में(चौथी सदी से छठवीं सदी की बिचा में) अपनी उत्कर्ष पर पहुँचल। ए समय में मथुरा की बाद सारनाथ क कला आ संस्कृति की क्षेत्र में दूसरा अस्थान रहे। चीनी यात्री [[ह्वेन सांग]] सतवी सदी में महाराज [[हर्षवर्द्धन|हर्ष]] की राज में इहाँ के यात्रा कइलन। [[Image:Five disciples at Sarnath.jpg|thumb|center|550px|[[धर्मचक्र प्रवर्तन|धर्मचक्र]] की आगे विनय पूर्वक बइठल [[भगवान बुद्ध]]के पहिला पांच शिष्य]] == पुरातात्विक खोदाई == [[Image:SarnathEntrance.jpg|thumb|200px|प्रवेश द्वार से सारनाथ में पुरातात्विक खोदाई के दृश्य]] सारनाथ क महत्व पहिली बार तब पता चलल जब काशीनरेश महाराज चेतसिंह क दीवान जगत सिंह अनजाने में धर्मराजिका स्तूप के खोदवा दिहलन आ एकरी ईंटा से जगतगंज मुहल्ला बनवा दिहलन। तब कर्नल कैकेंजी 1815 ई. में एह अस्थान पर पहिली बेर खोदाई करववलन लेकिन उनके कुछ बहुत सफलता ना मिलल। बाद में जनरल [[कनिंघम]] की अगुआई में (1835-36 ई.) एकर नीमन से खोदाई भइल आ [[धमेक स्तूप]] आ [[चौखंडी स्तूप]] आ औरी महत्वपूर्ण चीज मिलल। 1851-52 ई. में मेजर किटोई खोदाई करववलन जेवना के रपट छपल ना लेकिन खोदाई में मिलल चीज कुल कलकत्ता संग्रहालय में रक्खल बा। एह क्षेत्र के बैग्यानिक ढंग से खोदाई एच.बी. ओरटल की अगुआई में शुरू भइल जेवना के हरग्रीव आगे बढ़ावलन आ आखिरी पांच साल के खोदाई श्री दया राम साहनी जी की अगुआई में भइल। एही दौरान 1904 ई. में संग्रहालय के अस्थापना भइल आ 1910 ई. में एकर बिल्डिंग बन के तैयार भइल जहाँ एह खोदाई के मिलल सामन रक्खल बा। ==देखे लायक चीज== ===धमेक स्तूप=== {{main|धमेक स्तूप}} धमेक स्तूप भा धमेख स्तूप दुमंजिला सिलिंडर के आकृति में लगभग 43.6 मीटर ऊँच, आ 28 मीटर डाया वाला, ईंटा के बनल चीज बा। मानल जाला कि एह अस्थान पर बुद्ध से पहिले भी समाधि सभ के निर्माण भइल रहे। एह वर्तमान स्तूप के निर्माण लगभग 500 ईस्वी में भइल बतावल जाला जे मौर्य सम्राट [[अशोक]] द्वारा बनवावल एगो स्तूप के जगह पर बनावल गइल हवे। ===अशोक स्तंभ=== [[Image:Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg|thumb|200px|अशोक स्तंभ पर [[ब्राह्मी लिपि]] में लिखावट]] {{main|अशोक स्तंभ}} अशोक के परसिद्ध सिंह स्तंभ भी धमेक स्तूप के बगले में लगावल गइल रहे जेकर मुकुट वर्तमान में [[सारनाथ म्यूजियम]] में रखल बा आ जेकर आकृति ले के भारत के राजचीन्हा बनावल गइल हवे। ===सारनाथ संग्रहालय=== {{main|सारनाथ म्यूजियम}} इ भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण बिभाग के म्यूजियम ह जहाँ सारनाथ के खोदाई में मिलल बिबिध प्रकार के चीज संरक्षित क के रखल गइल बा। हेइजे परसिद्ध सिंह स्तंभ के मुकुट भी रखल बा जेके नकल से भारत के राजकीय चीन्हा बनल हवे। ===धर्मराजिक स्तूप=== [[Image:Dharmarajika_Stupa.JPG|thumb|200px|धर्मराजिका स्तूप]] {{main|धर्मराजिक स्तूप, सारनाथ}} धर्मराजिक स्तूप, सारनाथ में सम्राट अशोक के बनवावल स्तूप रहल। वर्तमान में एकर चबूतरा भर बचल बा जे सारनाथ के परसिद्ध धमेक स्तूप के बगल में पच्छिम ओर मौजूद बा। ===मूलगंध कुटी विहार मंदिर === <!-- [[File:Buddha from Mulgandha Kuti Vihar.jpg|thumb|200px|मूलगंध कुटी में भगवान बुद्ध क मूरत]] --> ===चौखंडी स्तूप=== {{main|चौखंडी स्तूप}} गुप्त काल (लगभग चउथी-पाँचवी सदी) में बनल ई स्तूप ओह अस्थान के चीन्हा के रूप में बनावल गइल हवे जहाँ गौतम बुद्ध के भेंट पहिला पाँच गो शिष्य लोग से भइल, जिन्हन लोग के ऊ सारनाथ में आपन पहिला उपदेश दिहलें। स्तूप, सारनाथ के मुख्य खोदाई स्थल से दक्खिन ओर मौजूद बा आ ई चौकोर चबूतरा सभ के तीन गो मंजिल के रूप में बनल रहे। वर्तमान में एकरे ऊपरी हिस्सा में अठकोनी बुर्जी बा जे बाद के जमाना के निर्माण हवे। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{बनारस}} [[श्रेणी:सारनाथ| ]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस]] [[श्रेणी:बौद्ध तीर्थ]] [[श्रेणी:जैन तीर्थ]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] [[श्रेणी:वाराणसी जिला]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के बिस्व धरोहर स्थल]] hxpre69cgbecvrn01sysnhq8hgyhrph 0 9281 814425 767173 2026-11-07T07:48:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सेमराजपुर | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = गाँव | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|25.989158|N|83.757853|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[मऊ जिला|मऊ]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 221706 | area_code_type = फोन कोड | area_code = +0547 | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = }} '''सेमराजपुर'''<ref name="Reference of Semrajpur on Indiamapia">{{cite web|url=http://indiamapia.com/Mau/Semrajpur.html |title=Semrajpur Pin Code, Semrajpur , Mau Map , Latitude and Longitude , Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Indiamapia.com |date= |accessdate=13 फरवरी 2012}}</ref> [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] की [[मऊ ज़िला]] में एगो गाँव बाटे। जिला मुख्यालय [[मऊ]] से पूरुब ओर स्थित सेमराजपुर क दूरी वाया [[रतनपुरा]] लगभग 38 किमी बा। सेमराजपुर गाँव में एही नाँव से डाकखाना बा अउर पिनकोड हवे 221706। <ref name="Pincode of Semrajpur on Sulekha yellowpages">{{cite web |url=http://yellowpages.sulekha.com/mau_semrajpur_area_pin-code.htm |title=Semrajpur Pincode&#124;Pin Code Semrajpur&#124;Semrajpur Postal Code Mau&#124;Semrajpur Zip Code Mau |publisher=Yellowpages.sulekha.com }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ई गाँव [[रतनपुरा]] ब्लाक, मऊ सदर तहसील, अउर [[घोसी लोकसभा क्षेत्र]] में आवेला।<ref name="Mention of Semrajpur Gram Panchayat on a government website">{{cite web |url=http://scholarship.up.nic.in/2010_11/RURAL_SCH_SUMM.ASP?DCODE=62&BCODE=ratanpura&GP=SEMRAJPUR |title=Scholarship Management System : Grampanchayat Wise Summary |publisher=Scholarship.up.nic.in |access-date=2014-05-27 |archive-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427193904/http://scholarship.up.nic.in/2010_11/RURAL_SCH_SUMM.ASP?DCODE=62&BCODE=ratanpura&GP=SEMRAJPUR |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==शिक्षा== ए गाँव में 4 गो प्राइमरी इस्कूल अउर दू गो जूनियर हाई स्कूल बा।<ref name="List of schools in Semrajpur">{{cite web |url=http://schooll.org/semrajpur |title=Schools in Semrajpur |publisher=Schooll.org |date= |accessdate=13 फरवरी 2012 |archive-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427191204/http://schooll.org/semrajpur |url-status=dead }}</ref> सरकारी प्राइमरी इस्कूलन में दुपहरिया की भोजन (मिड डे मील) क सुविधा उपलब्ध बा<ref name="Mid Day Meal Authority Plan details on government website">{{Cite web |url=http://upmdm.org/npgn5.php?dcode=0962&bcode=096207 |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2014-05-27 |archive-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427171312/http://upmdm.org/npgn5.php?dcode=0962&bcode=096207 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==पंचायत== पहिले के समय में सेमराजपुर ग्राम पंचायत में तीन गो गाँव आवे - सेमराजपुर, [[भीमहर]] अउर [[समनपूरा]]। नया सीमांकन में एह गाँव के खुद ग्रामपंचायत बना दिहल गइल बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:मऊ जिला के गाँव]] ayi8cil5xpb4m45aickein8yzy9oei0 0 9342 813989 780233 2026-11-06T13:01:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिलांग | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] आ [[हिल स्टेशन]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 354325 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = मेघालय | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शिलांग''' ({{Lang|en|Shillong}}) भारत के [[मेघालय]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर आ परसिद्ध [[हिल स्टेशन]] बा। ई मेघालय राज्य के राजधानियो हवे। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शिलॉंग के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 143229 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 354325 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 330वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 1042 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 92.81% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मेघालय]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के हिल स्टेशन]] {{India-geo-stub}} hnkwdocqfwmaf92bj59g8jagvgdstbw 0 9345 813987 780234 2026-11-06T13:01:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिमला | settlement_type = [[शहर]] आ [[हिल स्टेशन]] | image_skyline = Shimla Montage.jpg | image_alt = Shimla Montage | image_caption = ऊपर से घड़ी के सुई के दिसा में: शिमला के दक्खिनी हिस्सा के आकासरेख, इंडियन इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ एडवांस स्टडीज, टाउन हाल, रात के सीन, क्राइस्ट चर्च | nickname = पहाड़ों की रानी | map_alt = राज्य के उत्तर पच्छिमी हिस्सा में | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|31|6|12|N|77|10|20|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = जिला | subdivision_name2 = [[शिमला जिला|शिमला]] | founder = | named_for = [[देवी|श्यामला देवी]]<ref name="hpshimla.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://hpshimla.nic.in/sml_tourism.htm|title=Home: District WebSite Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India|publisher=}}</ref> | government_type = नगर निगम | governing_body = शिमला नगर निगम | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = 35.34 | area_footnotes =<ref name="SMLA">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0211_PART_B_DCHB_SHIMLA.pdf|title=Shimla District Census 2011 Handbook|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=20 April 2016|page=39(Urban Section)}}</ref> | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 2276 | population_total = 269,578 | population_metro = 291,640 | population_metro_footnotes =<ref name="SML"/> | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 1 (हिमाचल प्रदेस में) | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = <ref name="SML">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/4-shimla.html|title=Shimla City Census 2011 data|accessdate=20 April 2016|publisher=Census 2011 India}}</ref><ref name="GOI_2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-himachalpradesh.php|title=Himachal Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|publisher=}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड|PIN]] | postal_code = 171 001 | area_code_type = फोन कोड | area_code = 91 177 XXX XXXX | iso_code = | registration_plate = HP-03 | blank1_name_sec2 = [[जलवायु]] | blank1_info_sec2 = Cwb | blank2_name_sec2 = वर्षण (बरफ आ बरखा) | blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1577|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} | blank3_name_sec2 = औसत सालाना तापमान | blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|17|°C|°F|0}} | blank4_name_sec2 = औसत तापमान (गरमी) | blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|22|°C|°F|0}} | blank5_name_sec2 = औसत तापमान (जाड़ा) | blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|7|°C|°F|0}} | website = {{URL|hpshimla.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''शिमला''' ({{Lang|en|Shimla}}) भारत के [[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर आ [[हिल स्टेशन]] बा। अपने आप में ए शहर क बहुत इतिहासी महत्व बाटे। अंग्रेज लोगन से पहले नेपाल क शासक ए देश पर राज कइने। 18वीं सदी में शिमला भारत गर्मी के दिनन खातिर राजधानी बन गइल रहे। 1963 मे शिमला हिमाचल प्रदेश क राजधानी बन गइल रहे। ई भारत के सबसे लोकप्रिय पर्यटन स्थल में एक ठो स्थल बा | शिमला शहर के औपनिवेशिक वास्तुकला, चर्च, मंदिर, आ प्राकृतिक वातावरण पर्यटकन के आकर्षित करे ला। == जनसांख्यिकी == साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शिमला के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 169578 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 171817 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 274वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 820 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 93.63 % बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[भारत के शहर]] * [[नैनीताल]] * [[देहरादून]] {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:हिमाचल प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के हिल स्टेशन]] {{India-geo-stub}} hemlare31shduqn18rt2zbh5vf2xzo2 0 9395 814233 782785 2026-11-06T16:05:09Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिकंदरपुर | other_name = गुलाबों का शहर | settlement_type = शहर | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|26|02|N|84|03|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[बलियाँ जिला|बलिया]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = सिकंदर लोदी | named_for = सिकंदर लोदी | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 21790 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | demographics1_title2 = लोकल | demographics1_info2 = [[भोजपुरी]], [[उर्दू]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड|PIN]] | postal_code = 277303 | registration_plate = UP-60 | website = | footnotes = }} '''सिकंदरपुर''' भारतीय राज्य [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[बलियाँ जिला]] में एगो नगर पंचायत आ कस्बा बा। ई अपनहीं नाँव के तहसील के मुख्यालय भी हवे। सिकंदरपुर के स्थापना लोदी बंस के राजा [[सिकंदर लोदी]] कइले रहलें आ उनहीं के नाँव पर एकर नाँव सिकंदर पुर पड़ल। ई [[गुलाब]] की खेती खातिर मशहूर हऽ। पुराना समय में ई इतर के ब्यापार के बहुत मशहूर जगह रहल।<ref name="VashistBahl1978">{{cite book|author1=V. N. Vashist|author2=B. K. Bahl|title=The Essential Oil and Perfumery Industry in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvI9AAAAYAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Essential Oil Association of India|page=21}}</ref> ==जनसंख्या== साल 2011 के भारतीय जनगणना<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801203-sikanderpur-uttar-pradesh.html |title=Sikanderpur City Population Census 2011 - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Census2011.co.in |date= |accessdate=2017-05-04}}</ref> के आँकड़ा अनुसार सिकंदर पुर नगर पंचायत में कुल 15 वार्ड सभ में 23,986 लोग निवास करत रहल जेह में 12,512 मरद 11,474 आ मेहरारू लोग रहल। एही आँकड़ा के अनुसार, सिकंदरपुर में लिंगानुपात 917 महिला प्रति 1000 पुरुष रहल, जे उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के औसत लिंगानुपात 912 से थोरिके सा ऊपर रहल। हालाँकि, छोट लइकी-लड़िकन के लिंगानुपात 894 रहल जे राज्य के औसत 902 से तुलना में कम रहल। सिकंदर पुर में साक्षरता के दर 77.08 % रहल जे राज्य के औसत 67.68 % से आगे रहल। इहाँ मरदाना साक्षरता 83.70 % आ जानना साक्षरता 69.88 % रहल। ==गुलाब के खेती आ उद्योग== सिकंदरपुर पुराना जमाना से गुलाब के खेती आ गुलाब के अर्क से बने वाला इतर,<ref name="VashistBahl1978" /> गुलाब जल आ गुलाब शकरी खातिर मशहूर रहल बा। गुलाब शकरी एक तरह के शरबत बनावे के सामान हवे, चीनी के गोल गोल लड्डू नियर गोला जेह में गुलाब के महक बसल होले आ पानी में डारला पर तुरंते घुल जाला। हाल के समय में इहाँ के एह उद्योग के स्थिति खराब भइल बा आ सिकंदरपुर के गुलाब उद्योग के खतम होखे के संका बतावल जा रहल बाटे। कुछ मात्रा में अभिन ले इहाँ से बिदेस खातिर गुलाबजल के निर्यात होला जेकरा कारन इहाँ ई रोजगार चल रहल बाटे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/ballia/rose-city-ballia |title=Rose City Ballia - बेनूर हो गई गुलाबों की नगरी , Ballia News In Hindi |publisher=अमर उजाला |date=2016-03-15 |accessdate=2017-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=बिचौलियों ने बिगाड़ी गुलाबों की खेती|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/ballia/71518978632-ballia-news|work=अमर उजाला|date=2018|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=गुलाबों की नगरी में सिमटी खुशबू|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ballia-8835457.html|accessdate=11 मई 2021|work=दैनिक जागरण|date=2012|language=hi|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511092811/https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ballia-8835457.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=...तो पूर्वांचल की पहचान बनेगी अपनी इत्र-बिंदी|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/balia/story-then-purvanchal-39-s-identity-will-become-its-perfume-dot-3212773.html|accessdate=11 मई 2021|work=लाइव हिंदुस्तान|date=2021|language=hi}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{Ballia district}} [[श्रेणी:बलियाँ जिला के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:पूर्वांचल के शहर]] {{UP-geo-stub}} ar6n3ak41sigly31c2808ez362314ay 0 9436 814110 763146 2026-11-06T15:48:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |taxon = Asparagus racemosus | name = सतावरि | image = Asparagus racemosus.JPG | image_caption = सतावर के पुणे में लिहल एगो फोटो | authority = वाइल्ड<ref name=grin>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?5540 |title=Asparagus racemosus information from NPGS/GRIN |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |date=अगस्त 6, 2002 |accessdate=अप्रैल 25, 2009 }}</ref> | synonyms = *''Asparagus rigidulus'' [[Takenoshin Nakai|Nakai]]<ref name=grin/> *''Protasparagus racemosus'' ([[Willd.]]) [[Oberm.]]<ref name=grin/> |}} '''सतावर''' (''Asparagus racemosus'' (''ऐस्पेरेगस रेसीमोसस'')) लिलिएसी कुल के जड़ी-बूटी हवे। एकरा के '''शतावर''', '''शतावरी''', '''सतावरी''', '''सतमूल''' और '''सतमूली''' नियर ढेर सारा नाँव से जानल जाला। ई बूटी [[भारत]], [[श्री लंका]] आ [[नेपाल]] में पहाड़ी इलाका के निचला हिस्सा में पैदा होले। एकर ओधी कई शाखा वाला लता के रूप में दो मीटर तक लम्बा होला। सोरि झकड़ादार होले। एकर बिबिध आयुर्वेदिक आ खरबिरउआ दवाई सभ में इस्तमाल होला। खासतौर पर ई औरतन के कई ठो बेमारी में टॉनिक के काम करे ले। बच्चा होख्ले के बाद दूध बढ़ावे खातिर बीरो में पीस के मिलावल जाला। {{clr}} ==गैलरी== <gallery> चित्र:Asparagus densiflorus 1.jpg File:Asparagus_-_ശതാവരി.JPG File:Asparagus densiflorus 17.jpg File:Asparagas.jpg File:Asparagus recemosus Wild11.JPG </gallery> ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== *[http://www.hindi.awgp.org/gayatri/sanskritik_dharohar/bharat_ajastra_anudan/aurved/jadibutiyon_dwara_chikitsa/satavar शतावर (एस्पेरेगस रेसिमोसस)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713042301/http://hindi.awgp.org/gayatri/sanskritik_dharohar/bharat_ajastra_anudan/aurved/jadibutiyon_dwara_chikitsa/satavar |date=2014-07-13 }} (अखिल विश्व गायत्री परिवार) {{जड़ीबूटी}} [[श्रेणी:जड़ीबूटी]] qj7lsdvqkiow5o7zk6rrruy099eia4a 0 9642 813885 804783 2026-11-06T12:53:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = विवेकी राय | image = Vivekee Rai.jpeg|thumb |caption = 2013 में विवेकी राय | birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|11|19}} | death_date = {{death date and age |2016|11|22 |1924|11|19 |df=yes}} | birth_place = सोनवानी, [[गाजीपुर]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | occupation = हिंदी ललित निबन्धकार, कथाकार, [[कवि]] | nationality = भारत | notableworks = बबूल, सोनामाटी, मनबोध मास्टर की डायरी , फिर बैतलवा डाल पर | awards = [[यश भारती]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार]] द्वारा}} '''विवेकी राय''' (19 नवंबर 1924 - 22 नवंबर 2016) भोजपुरी अउरी हिंदी के साहित्यकार रहलन। हिंदी आ भोजपुरी का साहित्यकार आ आलोचक रहलन। ऊ मूल रूप से ग़ाजीपुर की सोनवानी गाँव क रहेवाला रहलें। राय 50 गो से अधिका पुस्तकन क रचना कइ चुकल रहलन आ ऊ [[ललित निबंध]], कथा साहित्य आ कविता बिधा के लेखक रहलें। उनकरी रचना में गंवई मन आ मिज़ाज़ क झलक मिलेला।<ref>राजीवरंजन, विवेकी राय के निबंधों में जीवन-संवेदन, नवनिकष, विवेकी राय विशेषांक, (सम्पादन) लक्ष्मीकांत पाण्डेय, वर्ष-2, अंक-5, नवम्बर, 2008 , पृष्ठ 36-39</ref> गाँव की माटी क सोन्हाइल महक उनकी रचना क ख़ास पहिचान बा।<ref>माटी की महक:विवेकी राय, डॉ.सत्यकाम</ref> ललित निबंध विधा में इनकर गिनती [[हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी]], [[विद्यानिवास मिश्र]], आ [[कुबेरनाथ राय|कुबेरनाथ]] राय की परंपरा में होला।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.samaysamvad.blogspot.in/2014/01/blog-post.html |title=समय संवाद |access-date=2014-07-19 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222043524/http://samaysamvad.blogspot.in/2014/01/blog-post.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''मनबोध मास्टर की डायरी'' आ ''फिर बैतलवा डाल पर'' सबसे चर्चित निबंध संकलन बाड़ें आ ''सोनामाटी'' उपन्यास इनकर के सबसे लोकप्रिय उपन्यास बाटे।<ref>निवेदिता : विवेकी राय विशेषांक,(सम्पादक) मान्धाता राय, सहजानंद महाविद्यालय, गाजीपुर</ref> इनकरा के उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार कई गो सम्मान दिहले बा। हिंदी साहित्य में योगदान खातिर 2001 में [[महापंडित राहुल सांकृत्यायन पुरस्कार]] आ 2006 में [[यश भारती पुरस्कार]] दिहल गइल।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/498258.cms | title = Cong sees red as UP honours Abhishek | publisher = [[द टाइम्स ऑफ़ इण्डिया]] | date = 2006-11-21 | accessdate = 2009-01-23 }}</ref> इनका के उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार द्वारा महात्मा गांधी सम्मान से भी पुरस्कृत कइल गइल।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=201205 | title = Namwar Singh, Ramesh Kuntal to be awarded Hindi Sansthan awards | publisher = एक्सप्रेस इण्डिया | date = 2006-09-13 | accessdate = 2009-01-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first = ओ॰पी॰ | last = माथुर | title = Indira Gandhi and the emergency as viewed in the Indian novel | trans-title= इंदिरा गांधी आ इमरजेंसी जइसन भारतीय उपन्यास में देखल गइल बा | publisher = सरुप & सन्स | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-81-7625-461-8 }}</ref> ई कुछ नीक निबंधनो के रचना कइले बाड़न।<ref>{{cite book | first = अमरेश दत्ता | last = दत्ता | title = Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2 |trans-title=भारतीय साहित्य का विश्वकोष भाग 2 | publisher = [[साहित्य अकादमी]] | year = 1988 | pages = 914 | isbn = 978-81-260-1194-0 }}</ref> तारीख 22 नवंबर 2016 के उनके निधन हो गइल।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghazipur-notable-writer-dr-viveki-rai-passes-away-15078199.html |title=Notable Writer Dr. Viveki Rai Passes Away 15078199 |publisher=Jagran.com |date=2016-07-20 |accessdate=2016-11-22}}</ref> ==साहित्यिक रचना कुल == ===भोजपुरी=== ====निबंध अउरी कविता==== * ''भोजपुरी निबंध निकुंज: भोजपुरी के तैन्तालिस गो चुनल निबंध'', अखिल भारतीय भोजपुरी साहित्य सम्मेलन, 1977 * ''गंगा, यमुना, सरवस्ती: भोजपुरी कहानी, निबंध, संस्मरण'', भोजपुरी संस्थान, 1992 * ''जनता के पोखरा: तीनि गो भोजपुरी कविता'', भोजपुरी साहित्य संस्थान, 1984 * विवेकी राय... के व्याख्यान'',''भोजपुरी अकादमी, पटना, तिसरका वार्षिकोत्सव समारोहा, रविवारा, 2 मई 1982, पर आयोजित व्याख्यानमाला में भोजपुरी कथा साहित्य की विकास विषय पर दिहलें। भोजपुरी अकादमी, 1982 ====उपन्यास==== * ''अमंगलहारी'', [[भोजपुरी संस्थान]], 1998 * ''के कहला चुनरी रंगा ला'', [[भोजपुरी संसद]], 1968 * ''गुरु-गृह गयौ पढ़न रघुराय'', 1992 ===हिंदी=== {{Div col|3}} ====ललित निबंध==== * ''मनबोध मास्टर की डायरी'' * ''गंवाई गंध गुलाब'' * ''फिर बैतलवा डाल पर'' * ''आस्था और चिंतन'' * ''जुलूस रुका है'' * ''उठ जाग मुसाफ़िर'' ====कथा साहित्य==== * ''मंगल भवन'' * ''नममी ग्रामम्'' * ''देहरी के पार'' * ''सर्कस'' * ''सोना माटी'' * ''कलातीत'' * ''गूंगा जहाज'' * ''पुरुष पुरान'' * ''समर शेष है'' * ''आम रास्ता नहीं है'' * ''आंगन के बंधनवार'' * ''आस्था और चिंतन'' * ''अतिथि'' * ''बबूल'' * ''जीवन अज्ञान का गणित है'' * ''लौटकर देखना'' * ''लोकरिन'' * ''मेरे शुद्ध श्रद्धेय'' * ''मेरी तेरह कहानियाँ'' * ''सवालों के सामने'' * ''श्वेत पत्र'' * ''ये जो है गायत्री'' ====काव्य==== * '''दीक्षा''' ====साहित्य समालोचना==== * ''कल्पना और हिंदी साहित्य'', अनिल प्रकाशन, 1999 * ''[[नरेन्द्र कोहली]] अप्रतिम कथा यात्री'' ====अन्य==== * ''मेरी श्रेष्ठ व्यंग्य रचनायें, 1984 {{Div col end}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[भोजपुरी लेखक लोगन के लिस्ट]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==अउरी पढ़े लायक== * अमरेश दत्ता, मोहन लाल, ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature : Navaratri-Sarvasena (भारतीय साहित्य का विश्वकोश: नवरात्रि-सर्वसेना)'', [[साहित्य अकादमी]], 1991 {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी-भाषा के लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:1924 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2016 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:गाजीपुर जिला के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:निबंधकार]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय मरद निबंधकार]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के लेखक]] 5554wi712p5y8iuzjy46l5zxb5vocio 0 11007 814146 788662 2026-11-06T15:52:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814146 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Waves lajolla.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|alt=समुंद्र के किनारा पर टूटत लहर|समुंद्र के किनारा पर टूटत लहर]] '''समुंद्र''', '''समुंदर''' या '''सागर''' ({{Lang|en|Sea}}) [[नमकीन पानी]] क बहुत [[जलभंडार|बिसाल भंडार]] होला। [[पृथिवी]] क करीबन 71% हिस्सा [[महासागर]] आ समुंद्र की रूप में बा आ बाकी पर [[स्थलमंडल|जमीनी हिस्सा]] बाटे। पृथिवी की समुद्र वाला हिस्सा में पाँच गो [[महासागर]] बाड़ें। एकरा सभ के अध्ययन करे वाला [[बिज्ञान]] के [[समुंद्र बिज्ञान]] कहल जाला। ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[झील]] * [[नदी]] * [[समुंद्र बिज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:समुंद्र बिज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:समुंद्र]] [[श्रेणी:जलमंडल]] {{Ocean-stub}} 4uoxotbeiah4obs614io21n6vzgm6w1 0 11167 814408 754059 2026-11-07T07:28:23Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|4|N|56|W|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = सूरीनाम रिपब्लिक |common_name = सूरीनाम |image_flag = Flag of Suriname.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Suriname.svg |image_map = Suriname (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = दक्खिन अमेरिका में लोकेशन |capital = [[पारामारिबो]] |coordinates = {{Coord|5|50|N|55|10|W|type:city}} |area_km2 = 163,821 |area_sq_mi = 63,251 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 90th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |percent_water = 1.1 |population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Suriname}}{{UN_Population|ref}} |population_estimate_year = July {{UN_Population|Year}} |population_estimate_rank = 166th |population_census = 541,638<ref name="statistics-suriname1"/><!--DO ''not'' CHANGE UNTIL THE NEXT CENSUS--> |population_census_year = 2012 <!--DO ''not'' CHANGE UNTIL THE NEXT CENSUS--> |population_density_km2 = 2.9 |population_density_sq_mi = 7.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 231st |HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.725 <!-- number only --> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=23 मार्च 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 97th }} '''सूरीनाम''' (अंग्रेजी: Suriname; {{IPAc-en|-|n|ɑː|m}} भा {{IPAc-en|-|n|ə|m}}) जेकर ऑफिशियल नाँव '''सूरीनाम रिपब्लिक''' बा, [[दक्खिन अमेरिका]] महादीप में, अटलांटिक किनारे पर एगो आजाद आ संप्रभु देस बा। सूरीनाम के उत्तरी सीमा अटलांटिक महासागर से, पूरुब ओर [[फ्रांस]] (फ्रेंच गयाना से) के साथे, दक्खिन में [[ब्राजील]] के साथे आ पच्छिम में [[गयाना]] के साथे बने ला। एकर कुल रकबा लगभग {{convert|165000|km2|abbr=off|sp=us}}, बा आ ई दक्खिन अमेरिका महादीप के सबसे छोट देस हवे।{{refn|group=note|Each of [[French Guiana]] and [[Falkland Islands]], while less extensive and populous, are respectively an [[overseas department]] and [[overseas region|region]] of [[France]] and an [[British Overseas Territory|overseas territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]].}} सूरीनाम के जनसंख्या {{UN_Population|Suriname}},{{UN_Population|ref}} जेह में से ज्यादातर आबादी उत्तरी किनारा पर आ सभसे बड़ शहर आ राजधानी [[पारामारिबो]] में रहे ले। सूरीनाम में बिबिध मूलनिवासी लोग रहत रहे जबकि सोलहवीं सदी में यूरोपीयन लोग इहाँ पहुँचल आ अंत में ई 17वीं-सदी में डच लोग के कब्जा में आइल। डच उपनिवेश के दौर में, इहाँ मुख्य रूप से प्लांटेशन के अर्थब्यवस्था रहे आ अफिरका आ भारत के दास लोग पर आधारित रहल। साल 1954 में, ई किंगडम ऑफ नीदरलैंड के हिस्सा के रूप में अस्थापित भइल। 25 नवंबर 1975 ई राजनीतिक रूप से आजाद भ गइल, हलाँकि, बहुत नजदीकी आर्थिक, डिप्लोमैटिक आ सासंकृतिक जुड़ाव अबहिन भी एकर नीदरलैंड के साथे बा। सांस्कृतिक रूप से सूरीनाम के कैरेबियन देस मानल जाला आ ई कैरेबियन कम्युनिटी (CARICOM) के हिस्सा भी बा। इहाँ के ऑफिशियल भाषा डच हवे जबकि सरनाम नाँव के अंग्रेजी आधारित क्रियोल भाषा ब्यापक रूप से बोलचाल आ संपर्क खाती इस्तेमाल होखे ले। सरकारी, पढाई आ बिजनेस अउरी मीडिया वगैरह में ऑफिशियल भाषा डच के इस्तेमाल होला<ref name=cia/> सूरीनाम एकलौता अइसन देस बा जहां यूरोप से बहरें डच भाषा ब्यापक रूप से चलन में बा। उपनिवेशी शासन आ इतिहास के चलते सूरीनाम के जनसंख्या में नृजातीय बिबिधता बहुत बा आ इहाँ कई धार्मिक आ भाषाई समूह मिले लें। [[भोजपुरी]] आधारित बोली इहाँ सरनामी हिंदुस्तानी के नाँव से बोलल जाले। {{clear}} ==नोट== <references group="note"/> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन अमेरिका के देस]] [[श्रेणी:यूनाइटेड नेशंस के सदस्य देस]] {{SouthAm-geo-stub}} 0tyczd0aplvn603z94pl7brtwm80nzm 0 11175 813916 787153 2026-11-06T12:56:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|7|N|65|W|type:country_region:VE|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = बोलिवैरियन रिपब्लिक वेनेजुएला | common_name = वेनेजुएला | native_name = | image_flag = File:Flag of Venezuela (state).svg<!-- DO NOT REPLACE THE FLAG WITH THE PRE-CHAVEZ FLAG. THIS IS THE OFFICIAL STATE FLAG OF VENEZUELA, SEE TALK PAGE. --> | image_coat = File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg<!-- DO NOT REPLACE THE STATE EMBLEM WITH THE PRE-CHAVEZ EMBLEM. THIS IS THE OFFICIAL EMBLEM OF VENEZUELA, SEE TALK PAGE. --> | national_motto = | national_anthem = | image_map = Venezuela Orthographic Map.svg | map_caption = Area controlled by Venezuela shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green. | image_map2 = Venezuela - Location Map (2013) - VEN - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[कराकस]] | coordinates = {{Coord|10|30|N|66|55|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[स्पैनिश]]^b | sovereignty_type = [[आजादी]] | established_event1 = [[स्पेन]] से | established_date1 = 5 जुलाई 1811 | | area_km2 = 916,445 | area_rank = 32वाँ <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]. --> | area_sq_mi = 353,841 | percent_water = 3.2%{{ref label|area|d|none}} | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)}} {{decrease}} {{UN_Population|ref}} | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 44वाँ | population_density_km2 = 33.74 | population_density_sq_mi = 87.42 | population_density_rank = 181वाँ | currency_code = PTR | time_zone = VET | utc_offset = –4 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = | drives_on = }} '''वेनेजुएला''' भा '''वेनेज़ुएला''', ऑफिशियल नाँव '''बोलिवेरियन गणराज्य वेनेज़ुएला''', [[दक्षिण अमेरिका]] के उत्तरी तीरे पर स्थित एगो देश हवे। एह देश में मुख्य जमीनी हिस्सा के संगे [[कैरेबियन सागर]] में पड़े वाला कई ठे [[दीप]] आ [[टापू]] शामिल बाड़ें। एकर कुल क्षेत्रफल 9,16,445 वर्ग किलोमीटर बा, आ 2022 के अनुमान अनुसार आबादी करीब 2.9 करोड़ रहल। वेनेज़ुएला के राजधानी आ सबसे बड़ा शहरी समूह [[काराकस]] बा। मुख्य जमीनी हिस्सा के उत्तर में कैरेबियन सागर आ [[अटलांटिक महासागर]], पच्छिम ओर [[कोलंबिया]], दक्खिन में [[ब्राज़ील]], उत्तर–पूरुब में [[त्रिनिदाद आ टोबैगो]], आ पूरुब ओर [[गुयाना]] से सीमा लागेला। वेनेज़ुएला में 23 राज्य, एगो कैपिटल डिस्ट्रिक्ट, आ समुद्र के भीतर पड़ल द्वीपन के शामिल करत फेडरल डिपेंडेंसी बाड़ीं। [[लैटिन अमेरिका]] के सबसे जियादा शहरीकृत देशन में वेनेज़ुएला के गिनती होला। देश के अधिकतर लोग उत्तरी शहरन आ राजधानी काराकस में रहेला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन अमेरिका के देस]] [[श्रेणी:यूनाइटेड नेशंस के सदस्य देस]] {{SouthAm-geo-stub}} orkmnj6vvqn00ek8di86385ups5j25f 0 11384 814368 796117 2026-11-07T07:14:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सुकरात''' [[यूनान]] क [[दार्शनिक]] रहलें। ऊ लोगन से प्रश्न करें आ तर्क वितर्क की मदद से जीवन की बिभिन्न बातिन पर समझ बढ़ावे क कोशिस करें। [[प्लेटो]] या अफलातून उनकर सबसे प्रसिद्द चेला निकललें। [[श्रेणी:दार्शनिक]] [[श्रेणी:यूनानी दार्शनिक]] [[श्रेणी:यूनान के लोग]] {{Philosopher-stub}} ryiwvc63cphi60grahjhlfkwto9rdnr 0 11406 813858 547861 2026-11-06T12:52:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विडाल डि ला ब्लाश''' एगो फ़्रांसीसी भूगोलवेत्ता रहलें। उनकर मुख्य योगदान [[मानव भूगोल]] में बा आ उनके भूगोल में [[संभववाद]] की प्रबल समर्थक आ जनक की रूप में मानल जाला। [[श्रेणी:फ़्रांसीसी भूगोलवेत्ता]] {{writer-stub}} n94pmrv2lr7hb4r5c8mmfkt4cif5qee 0 11455 814347 808749 2026-11-07T05:37:07Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox seaborgium}} '''सीबोर्गियम''' ({{Langx|en|Seaborgium}}) एगो [[सिंथेटिक तत्व|सिंथेटिक रासायनिक तत्व]] ह। एकर रासायनिक चीन्हा '''Sg''' आ परमाणु क्रमांक 106 बा। एकर नाँव अमेरिकी परमाणु रसायनशास्त्री [[ग्लेन टी. सीबोर्ग]] के नाँव पर रखल गइल बा। सिंथेटिक भा आर्टिफिशियल तत्व होखला के चलते एकरा के लैब में बनावल जा सके ला, लेकिन ई [[प्रकृति]] में अपने-आप ना पावल जाला। ई [[रेडियोएक्टिव क्षय|रेडियोएक्टिव]] भी ह। अबहीं तक ज्ञात एकर सभसे स्थिर आइसोटोप के हाफ-लाइफ कुछ मिनट के आसपास बा। तत्वन के [[पीरियॉडिक टेबल]] में सीबोर्गियम एगो डी-ब्लॉक के [[ट्रांसएक्टिनाइड तत्व]] ह। ई सातवाँ आवर्त के सदस्य आ छठवाँ समूह में आवेला। [[ट्रांजिशन मेटल]] सभ के 6d श्रेणी में ई चउथा तत्व ह। अभिन ले सीबोर्गियम के बहुत कम रासायनिक रिएक्शन सभ के अध्ययन भइल बा, काहें कि एक बेर में एकर कुछे परमाणु बनावल जा सके लें आ ऊ जल्दी [[रेडियोएक्टिव क्षय]] के चलते नष्ट हो जालें। एकर कुछ अकार्बनिक यौगिक आ एगो कार्बोनिल यौगिक, जेकर सूत्र Sg(CO)₆ मानल जाला, तैयार कइल गइल बा। एह एक्सपेरिमेंट सभ से पुष्टि भइल बा कि छठवाँ समूह में सीबोर्गियम के व्यवहार [[टंगस्टन]] के भारी समजात तत्व नियर होला। 1974 में [[सोवियत संघ]] आ अमेरिका के लैब में सीबोर्गियम के कुछ परमाणु बनावल गइल। एह तत्व के खोज के प्राथमिकता आ एकर नाँव रखे के अधिकार के ले के सोवियत आ अमेरिकी वैज्ञानिकन के बीच बहुत बिबाद भइल। अंत में 1997 में इंटरनेशनल यूनियन ऑफ प्योर एंड एप्लाइड केमिस्ट्री (IUPAC) सीबोर्गियम के एकर आधिकारिक नाँव के रूप में मान्यता दिहलस। सीबोर्गियम उन दू गो तत्वन में से एगो ह, जेकर नाँव रखे के समय संबंधित व्यक्ति, जेकरा नाँव पर एकर नाँव रखल गइल, अभिन जियत रहलें। दुसर तत्व [[ओगनेसन]] (Oganesson) ह, जेकर परमाणु क्रमांक 118 बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{पीरियॉडिक टेबल (32 कॉलम, संछेप)}} [[श्रेणी:रासायनिक तत्व]] {{Chem-stub}} 59ttxdrdzs0yufwh2oapzjgn95avgep 0 11558 814345 780308 2026-11-07T05:36:57Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सीतापुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 188230 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = उत्तर प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सीतापुर''' ({{Lang|en|Sitapur}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सीतापुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 177234 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 188230 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 263वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 912 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 80.57% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{India-geo-stub}} 1czrs1usb4ycm6h1jepl825tx3l6nn2 0 13482 813776 672370 2026-11-06T12:10:45Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Vassily-Kandinsky.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|वासिली कैंदिन्सकी क एगो फोटो]] '''वासिली कैंदिन्सकी''' ([[रूसी भाषा|रूसी]]:Васи́лий Васи́льевич Канди́нский; जनम 16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1866 – देहांत 13 December 1944) एगो परभावशाली रूसी पेंटर आ कला क सिद्धांत देवे वाला आदमी रहलें। उनके पहिला अइसन व्यक्ति मानल जाला जे भावचित्र (Abstract painting) बनावे शुरू कइलें। ==फोटो गैलरी== वासिली क बनावल कुछ चित्र इहाँ दिहल जात बाटे: <center> <gallery> File:Kandinsky-Blue Rider.jpg|''Der Blaue Reiter'' (1903) </gallery> </center> [[श्रेणी:कलाकार]] [[श्रेणी:पेंटर]] [[श्रेणी:रूसी पेंटर]] [[श्रेणी:1944 में निधन]] laauowlaqivfmd2vrvw1tzc7er3ukho 0 13982 814008 783597 2026-11-06T13:03:19Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शुभी शर्मा | image = | caption = | birth_date = <!-- Birth date has been contested. Do not add without providing a reliably published source with a reputation for editorial oversight. --> | birth_place = [[जयपुर]], [[भारत]] | parents = | partner = | children = | occupation = [[एक्ट्रेस]], टीवी प्रस्तुतकर्ता, [[मॉडल (लोग)|मॉडल]] | imagesize = | yearsactive = 2008–वर्तमान | website = | residence = | relatives = }} '''शुभी शर्मा''' एक तो भारतीय एक्ट्रेस बाड़ी जे मुख्य रूप से [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा]] में सक्रिय बाड़ी।<ref name=actress>{{cite news|title=भोजपुरी एक्ट्रेस शुभी शर्मा|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/BIH-photos-beautiful-bhojpuri-actress-shubhi-sharma-3611837-PHO.html|accessdate=22 फरवरी 2014|newspaper=''दैनिक भास्कर''|date=4 अगस्त 2012|archive-date=2014-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226221617/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/BIH-photos-beautiful-bhojpuri-actress-shubhi-sharma-3611837-PHO.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shubhi's the formula for hit films|trans-title=शुभी शर्मा बाड़ी हिट फिलिम के फार्मूला |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news-interviews/Shubhis-the-formula-for-hit-films/articleshow/20535904.cms|accessdate=17 मार्च 2014|newspaper=''[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]]''|date=11 जून 2013}}</ref> शुभी के उनके 2008 के फिलिम ''चलनी के चालल दूल्हा'' खातिर जानल जाला जेह में ऊ [[दिनेश लाल यादव]] "निरहुआ" के सोझा काम कइली आ एह फिलिम में अपने रोल खातिर इनके 5^वाँ&nbsp;[[भोजपुरी फिलिम अवार्ड्स]] में बेस्ट डेब्यू के इनाम मिलल।<ref name=award>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121127083127/http://bhojpurifilmaward.com/bfa5/awards.htm 5वाँ भोजपुरी फिलिम अवार्ड्स]</ref> ==एक्टिंग कैरियर== शर्मा आपन एक्टिंग कैरियर के सुरुआत 2008 के फिलिम ''चलनी के चालल दुलहा'' से कइली जेह में ऊ निरहुआ के बिपरीत हिरोइन रहली। इनके अन्य उल्लेख जोग फिलिम सभ में ''आज के करन अर्जुन'' दिनेश लाल यादव के साथ, ''भइया के साली ओढ़निया वाली'' पवन सिंह के साथ, ''संतान'' [[रवि किशन]] के साथ, आ ''छपरा एक्सप्रेस'' खेसारी लाल यादव के साथ रहल बा।<ref name=movies>{{cite web|title=List of movies|url=http://www.hungama.com/artists/subhi-sharma/15076|publisher=''बॉलीवुड हंगामा''|accessdate=22 फरवरी 2014|archive-date=2014-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228161318/http://www.hungama.com/artists/subhi-sharma/15076|url-status=dead}}</ref> सन 2015 में [[जॉन अब्राहम]] के फिलिम ''वेलकम बैक'' में एक ठो मशहूर गाना "मैं बबली हुई तू बंटी हुआ..." में शर्मा जॉन के साथ डांस करत लउकली आ उनके डांस के तारीफ भी भइल।<ref name="bhojpuriXP">{{cite web|title=जॉन इब्राहम की बबली शुभी शर्मा|url=http://www.bhojpurixp.com/john-abraham-with-subhi-sharma/|website=bhojpurixp.com|accessdate=20 फरवरी 2017|language=hi|archive-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023163939/http://www.bhojpurixp.com/john-abraham-with-subhi-sharma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> मशहूर हिंदी फिलिम ''राम लखन'' के भोजपुरी में बन रहल एही नाँव के रीमेक में शर्मा के काम करे के खबर बा।<ref>{{cite news|title=लखन की धनुष बनी ड्रीम गर्ल अभिनेत्री शुभी शर्मा|url=http://www.bhojpurimahfil.in/2016/07/12/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2/|accessdate=20 फरवरी 2017|publisher=bhojpurimahfil.in|date=12 जुलाई 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==बीछल फिल्मोग्राफी== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! साल !! फिलिम !! भाषा |- || 2008 || ''चलनी के चालल दुलहा'' || [[भोजपुरी]] |- || 2010 || ''भइया के साली ओढ़निया वाली'' || भोजपुरी |- || 2011 || ''संतान'' || भोजपुरी |- || 2013 || ''दूल्हे राजा'' || भोजपुरी |- || 2013 || ''छपरा एक्सप्रेस'' || भोजपुरी |- || 2014 || ''भोजपुरिया दिल की धड़कन'' || भोजपुरी |- || 2016 || ''दुल्हन चाही पकिस्तान से'' || भोजपुरी |} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा]] * [[भोजपुरी फिलिम अवार्ड्स]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी सिनेमा के ऐक्ट्रेस लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय टेलीविजन अभिनेत्री]] ijzurfwzrwotixuh7gncm02v7yxuyuy 0 14398 813873 800029 2026-11-06T12:53:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = Virat Kohli | image = Virat Kohli during the India vs Aus 4th Test match at Narendra Modi Stadium on 09 March 2023.jpg | caption = Kohli in 2023 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|11|5|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Delhi]], India | family <!--SPOUSE IS AN UNRECOGNIZED PARAMETER. DON'T CHANGE THIS, DO NOT ADD WIFE'S NAME OR DETAILS AS A RELATION, AND DO NOT ADD NON-NOTABLE RELATIVES--> = {{marriage|[[Anushka Sharma]]|11 December 2017}} | height = 5 ft 9 in<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2022 |title=See Who Is The Tallest Player In The Indian Team |language=en |work=Cricket Addictor |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/see-tallest-player-indian-team/ |url-status=live |access-date=7 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513160455/https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/see-tallest-player-indian-team/ |archive-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> | nickname = Cheeku {{Efn|During a certain phase in his career, Kohli acquired the moniker ''Cheeku''. One evening, Kohli availed himself of the services of a nearby salon and underwent a makeover. Upon displaying his new appearance to his colleagues, Kohli's assistant coach, Ajit Chowdhary, made a humorous comparison between Kohli's appearance and that of "Chikoo," a character from the popular Indian comic book, ''Champak''.<ref name=":2" />}}<br>King Kohli <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricket.one/cricket-news/why-is-virat-kohli-called-king-kohli/65d5bd1b45fbc0408b9e29b6|title=Why Is Virat Kohli Called King Kohli?|author=One Cricket|date=21 February 2024|access-date=21 February 2024|archive-date=10 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510071951/https://cricket.one/cricket-news/why-is-virat-kohli-called-king-kohli/65d5bd1b45fbc0408b9e29b6|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> Chase Master <ref>{{Cite news |title='My job was clear': Virat Kohli explains strategy after yet another run-chase masterclass vs Pakistan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2025/my-job-was-clear-virat-kohli-explains-strategy-after-yet-another-run-chase-masterclass-vs-pakistan/articleshow/118509591.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br>Run Machine | batting = Right-handed | bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] | role = [[Batting order (cricket)#Top order|Top-order batter]] | website = {{URL|https://viratkohli.foundation|VK Foundation}} module = {{Infobox person | embed = yes | signature = Virat Kohli Signature.svg}} }} '''विराट कोहली''' (जनम: 5 नवंबर 1988) एक ठो भारतीय अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेटर बाड़ें, जे भारत के राष्ट्रीय टीम खातिर टेस्ट आ वनडे क्रिकेट खेलेलन। ऊ पहिले भारत के तीनों फॉर्मेट (टेस्ट, वनडे, आ [[टी20]]) में कप्तानी क चुकल बाड़ें। विराट कोहली दाहिना हाथ से बल्लेबाजी करेलें आ कभी-कभार मीडियम पेस वाली गेंदबाजियो करे लें। उनका "किंग कोहली", "चेस मास्टर" आ "रन मशीन" के नाम से जानल जाला, काहेकि ऊ कठिन हालात में टीम के जीत दिलावे के कला में माहिर बाड़ें। कोहली [[आईपीएल|इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग (आईपीएल)]] के इतिहास में सबसे ज्यादा रन बनावे वाला खिलाड़ी बाड़ें, आ [[टी20]] अंतरराष्ट्रीय, वनडे आ कुल अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट में भी रन बनावे के मामले में ऊ तीसरे नंबर पर बाड़ें। विराट कोहली के गिनती दुनिया के महानतम बल्लेबाजन में होला। ऊ वनडे क्रिकेट में सबसे ज्यादा शतक बनवले बाड़ें आ इंटरनेशनल क्रिकेट में शतकन के मामिला में दुसरा स्थान पर बाड़ें। कोहली के कप्तानी में भारत लगातार तीन साल (2017, 2018, 2019) ICC टेस्ट चैंपियनशिप जितले रहे, जेकरा चलते ऊ भारत के अब तक के सबसे सफल टेस्ट कप्तानन में से एक मानल जालें। ऊ 2008 में अंडर-19 वर्ल्ड कप जितवले, आ 2011 के वनडे वर्ल्ड कप, 2013 के चैंपियंस ट्रॉफी, 2024 के टी-20 वर्ल्ड कप, आ 2025 के चैंपियंस ट्रॉफी विजेता टीम के हिस्सा रहलें। विराट कोहली के शानदार प्रदर्शन खातिर कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ अंतरराष्ट्रीय सम्मान मिल चुकल बा। ऊ अब तक कुल 10 बार ICC अवार्ड जीत चुकल बाड़ें, जे इंटरनेशनल क्रिकेट में सबसे बेसी बेर बा। ऊ चार बेर ODI प्लेयर ऑफ द ईयर बन चुकल बाड़ें (2012, 2017, 2018, 2023), आ 2017 आ 2018 में Sir Garfield Sobers ट्रॉफी (क्रिकेटर ऑफ द ईयर) भी जीतले रहलें। 2018 में ऊ तीनों प्रमुख पुरस्कार – टेस्ट, ODI आ क्रिकेटर ऑफ द ईयर – एके साल में जीत के इतिहास बना देले। उनकर नाम "क्रिकेटर ऑफ द डिकेड" (2011–2020) आ "ODI क्रिकेटर ऑफ द डिकेड" के रूप में भी घोषित भइल। ऊ विज़्डेन के 'लीडिंग क्रिकेटर इन द वर्ल्ड' खिताब लगातार तीन साल (2016 से 2018) जीतले रहलें। भारत सरकार विराट कोहली के योगदान खातिर 2013 में अर्जुन पुरस्कार, 2017 में पद्म श्री, आ 2018 में खेल रत्न से सम्मानित कइले। 2018 में Time Magazine ऊनका के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोगन में शामिल कइलस। 2024 के टी-20 वर्ल्ड कप जीतला के बाद, फाइनल में प्लेयर ऑफ द मैच बनला के बाद, ऊ टी-20 अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट से संन्यास के घोषणा कइले। विराट कोहली के शादी बॉलीवुड एक्ट्रेस [[अनुष्का शर्मा]] से भइल बा आ उनका दू गो संतान बा। {{clear}} == नोट == <references group="नोट"/> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:क्रिकेट खेलाड़ी]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1988 में जनम]] {{Cricket-bio-stub}} n0guf10i0dskss62bmcmgma9mhdnpc6 0 15176 814253 780329 2026-11-06T16:31:51Z SM7 3953 Cleaning up syntax using [[:en:User:Zackmann08/scripts/indent|indent.js]], सफाई कइल गइल 814253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Continent |title = भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप |image = [[File:Indian Subcontinent (orthographic projection).svg|250px]] |area = 44 लाख किमी² (17 लाख बर्गमील) |population = ~1.71 बिलियन (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ |title=World Population Prospects |date=2017|website=United Nations: Population Division}}</ref> |density = 389/km² |demonym = |countries = [[भारत]]<br>[[पाकिस्तान]]<br>[[नेपाल]]<br>[[भूटान]]<br>[[बांग्लादेश]]<br>[[श्री लंका|श्रीलंका]]<br>[[मालदीव]] |list_countries = |dependencies = }} '''भारतीय उपमहादीप''' या '''उपमहादीप'''<ref>[https://hi.oxforddictionaries.com/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA आक्सफोर्ड.कॉम पर अर्थ]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ({{Lang|en|Indian subcontinent}})</small> [[एशिया महादीप|एशिया]] के दक्खिनी हिस्सा में स्थित बा। एह क्षेत्र के ज्यादातर हिस्सा जियोलॉजी के हिसाब से [[भारतीय प्लेट]] पर स्थित आ एकरे दक्खिन तरफ [[हिंद महासागर]] बाटे। भारतीय उपमहादीप के परिभाषा भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार से दिहल जायेला लेकिन इ में कुछ मुख्य देशकुल बाड़े जवन हमेशा शामिल कइल जायेलें [[भारत]], [[पाकिस्तान]] आ [[बांग्लादेश]]। कुछ परिभाषा में [[श्री लंका|श्रीलंका]], [[नेपाल]] आ [[भूटान|भूटानो]] के शामिल कइल जायेला। कुछ परिभाषा में कुछ अउर भी देश के नाम जोड़ल जायेला जइसे कि [[अफ़ग़ानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तान]] आ [[म्यानमार]]। अलग-अलग परिभाषा के साथ अलग-अलग नाम भी हो सकत बा। भारतीय उपमहादीप के कांसेप्ट पुरान हवे आ बतावल जाला कि मेगस्थनीज जेकरा के इंडिया कहलें, भा बाद में जेकरा के हिंदुस्तान कहल जाय ओह में ई पूरा इलाका सामिल रहल आ एकरा के एगो सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्र के रूप में पहिचान रहल; वर्तमान [[भारत|भारत गणराज्य]], पाकिस्तान, श्रीलंका, भूटान, नेपाल नियर देस सभ आधुनिक काल के संकल्पना हवे आ मूल सांस्कृतिक इकाई के रूप में पहिचान एकरे बहुत पहिले के हवे।<ref name="Singh2016">{{cite book|author=Upinder Singh|title=History of Ancient India (Hindi)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xAwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|year=2016|publisher=Pearson India|isbn=978-93-325-8472-3|pages=2–}}</ref> == बिबाद के बिसय == भारतीय उपमहादीप यानी अंग्रेजी में ''इंडियन सबकंटीनेंट'' के जगह कुछ लोग खाली ''सबकंटीनेंट'', दक्खिन एशियाई उपमहादीप (साउथ एशियन सबकंटीनेंट), या फिर खाली [[दक्खिन एशिया]] कहल पसंद करे ला। एह में पाकिस्तानी लोग आ चीनी लोग सामिल बा जे लोग एह में "भारतीय" शब्द पर आपत्ति करे ला।<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.livehindustan.com/news//article1-story-78251.html |title=‘भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप’ से एतराज क्यों |publisher=Livehindustan.com |date=2009-10-27 |accessdate=2017-10-27}}</ref> {{Clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:एशिया के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:एशिया के क्षेत्र]] {{एशिया-भूगोल-आधार}} oqso1kadn7ij5q0auomubth4vzrlud2 0 15905 814161 624453 2026-11-06T15:54:40Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ghaggar river in Panchkula.jpg|thumb|घग्घर नदी, हरियाणा में पंचकुला के लग्गे। घग्घर-हाकरा सिस्टम के कई ठो आजकाल के बिद्वान लॉग सरस्वती नदी के बचल हिस्सा के रूप में पहिचान करे के दावा करे ला।]] '''सरस्वती नदी''' दुनिया के सभसे प्राचीन संस्कृत साहित्य [[ऋग्वेद]] में बर्णित एक ठो नदी हवे। बाद के [[वैदिक काल|बैदिक आ बैदिक-बाद काल]] में भी एकर बरनन मिले ला। [[हिंदू धर्म|हिंदू धरम]] में एकर बहुत महत्व एह कारण से भी बा कि लगभग दूसरी सहस्राब्दी ईसा पूर्व के जमाना में वैदिक लोग द्वारा ऋग्वेद के रचना एही नदी के तीरे रहत समय भइल रहे।<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LFhzHGbj23EC&pg=PT154&dq=sarasvati+10,000+years+ago&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NhvCVOSAKY758QWmg4KwCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=sarasvati%2010%2C000%20years%20ago&f=false ''Global Warming Trends: Ecological Footprints''], by Julie Kerr Casper</ref> हिंदू लोग द्वारा पूजल जाए वाली देवी [[सरस्वती]] एही नदी के देवी रूप में कल्पना रहली, बाकि बाद में समय के साथ अलग रूप बिकसित हो गइल।{{sfn|Kinsley|1998|p=10, 55-57}} ऋग्वेद के नदीसूक्त (10.75) में सरस्वती के [[यमुना]] आ [[सतलज]] के बिचा में बहे वाली बतावल गइल बाटे। बाद के ब्राह्मण ग्रंथ, तांड्य आ जैमिनीय ब्राह्मण में, आ [[महाभारत]] में सरस्वती के [[रेगिस्तान]] में सूख जाए के बिबरन मिले ला। हिंदू मान्यता के अनुसार सरस्वती नदी अदृश्य रूप से आज भी बहे ले आ [[गंगा]] आ यमुना के साथ [[इलाहाबाद]] में [[त्रिवेणी संगम]] बनावे ले।<ref name="EB-Sarasvati">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/523994/Sarasvati#ref946781 The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, ''Sarasvati'', Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref> हमनी के गैलेक्सी आकाशगंगा में एक ठो हिस्सा के भी सरस्वती नाँव दिहल गइल बाटे।<ref name="Witzel 2012">{{harvtxt|Witzel|2012|pp=74, 125, 133}}: "It can easily be understood, as the Sarasvatī, the river on earth and in the nighttime sky, emerges, just as in Germanic myth, from the roots of the world tree. In the Middle Vedic texts, this is acted out in the Yātsattra... along the Rivers Sarasvatī and Dṛṣadvatī (northwest of Delhi)..."</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[गंगा|गंगा नदी]] * [[त्रिवेणी संगम]] * [[सरस्वती]] (देवी) * [[सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==स्रोत== {{refbegin}} * {{Citation | last =Kinsley | first =David | year =1998 | title =Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publ.| isbn =978-81-208-0394-7}} * {{citation | last =Witzel | first =Michael | year =1984 | title =Sur le chemin du ciel | url =http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/CheminDuCiel.pdf}} {{refend}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{commons category|Sarasvati River|सरस्वती नदी}} * [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/oct252004/1141.pdf Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? by Tripathi,Bock,Rajamani, Eir] * [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/oct25/articles20.htm Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert by A. V. Sankaran] * [https://sites.google.com/site/kalyan97/ Sarasvati research and Education Trust] {{Waters of South Asia}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:कथा में बर्णित नदी]] [[श्रेणी:ऋग्वेद काल के नदी]] 9tjxicag8r1lvmxawi0ejyunycgre56 0 16060 814150 533720 2026-11-06T15:53:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* स्रोत ग्रंथ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | title = {{IAST|महाराजाधिराज}} | image = SamudraguptaCoin.jpg | caption = [[गुप्त साम्राज्य]] के राजचीन्हा गरुण स्तंभ के साथ समुद्रगुप्त के जमाना के सिक्का। | succession = 4^था [[गुप्त साम्राज्य|गुप्त सम्राट]] | reign = {{circa|335|380 CE}} | predecessor = [[चंद्रगुप्त I]] | successor = [[चंद्रगुप्त II]] या [[रामगुप्त]] | spouse = [[दत्तादेवी]] | issue = [[चंद्रगुप्त II]], [[रामगुप्त]] | house = [[गुप्त साम्राज्य]] | father = [[चंद्रगुप्त I]] | mother = कुमारदेवी }} '''समुद्रगुप्त''' ({{circa|335|380 CE}}) [[प्राचीन भारत के रुपरेखा|प्राचीन भारत]] में [[गुप्त साम्राज्य]] के एगो राजा रहलें। ई [[गुप्त साम्राज्य|गुप्त वंश]] के चउथा राजा रहलें जे [[चंद्रगुप्त I|पहिला चंद्रगुप्त]] के बाद राजगद्दी पर बइठलें। इनके शासन काल में [[गुप्त साम्राज्य]] के बहुत बिस्तार भइल{{sfn|अल्तेकर|2002|p=}} आ ई ''महाराजाधिराज'' के पदबी धारण कइलें। इनका बाद इनके लइका [[चंद्रगुप्त II]] राजा बनलें। समुद्रगुप्त के बारे में [[इलाहाबाद]] में मौजूद ''[[प्रयाग प्रशस्ति]]'' नाँव के लेख से काफी जानकारी मिले ला।{{sfn|पांडे||p=9.3}} ई कीर्तिलेख [[कौशांबी]] के [[अशोक स्तंभ]] पर लिखवावल गइल रहे जे अब [[इलाहाबाद के किला]] में बा। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==स्रोत ग्रंथ== * {{cite book|ref=harv|author=पांडे|title=प्राचीन भारत |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2WWTkZFAmwC&pg=SA9-PA3|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited|isbn=978-0-07-070544-9}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|author1=रमेशचंद्र मजुमदार|author2=अल्तेकर|title=Vakataka-Gupta Yug Laghbhag 200-550 E Tak Bhartiya Jan Ka Itihas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXkWaOsCBVwC&pg=PA138|year=2002|publisher=मोतीलाल बनारसीदास|isbn=978-81-208-3056-1}} [[श्रेणी:गुप्त साम्राज्य]] {{India-hist-stub}} 3mhw9n6miup8wuf2reypnmusnmkkpey 0 16244 814074 669228 2026-11-06T13:44:55Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = सउदी अरब राज |common_name = सऊदी अरब |native_name = {{lang|ar|{{big|المملكة العربية السعودية}}}} |image_flag = |image_coat = |symbol_type = |national_motto = |national_anthem = |image_map = Saudi Arabia (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[रियाद]] |coordinates = {{Coord|24|39|N|46|46|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[रियाद]] |official_languages = अरबी भाषा<!-- Do not edit without talkpage consensus. --> |ethnic_groups = नागरिक:<br />90% अरब<br />10% एफ्रो-अरब |religion = [[सुन्नी इस्लाम]] |demonym = |leader_title1 = राजा |leader_name1 = सलमान |leader_title2 = राजकुमार |leader_name2 = [[मोहम्मद बिन सलमान|मोहम्मद]] |legislature = |sovereignty_type = स्थापना |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |established_event2 = |established_date2 = |established_event3 = वर्तमान संबिधान |established_date3 = 31 जनवरी 1992 |area_km2 = 2,149,690 |area_rank = 12वाँ |area_sq_mi = 830,000 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = 0.7 |population_estimate = 33,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/pdf/PopulationEstimates2010-2025-admareas.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509155043/http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/ar/indicators/1|archivedate=9 May 2016|title=Official annual projection|year=2014|work=cdsi.gov.sa}}</ref> |population_census = |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 40वाँ |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 15 |population_density_sq_mi = 38.8 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = 216वाँ |GDP_PPP = $1.803 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2016&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=43&pr1.y=11&c=456&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Saudi Arabia |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP_rank = 14th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $55,229<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 12वाँ |GDP_nominal = $689.004 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_rank = 20th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $21,100<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 36वाँ |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI = 0.837 <!--number only--> |HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |year=2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 39वाँ |currency = [[सउदी रियाल]] (SR) |currency_code = |time_zone= |utc_offset= |date_format = |drives_on = |calling_code = |cctld = |area_magnitude = |country_code = }} '''सउदी अरब''' [[पच्छिम एशिया]]{{efn|पच्छिम एशिया, जेकरा अंगरेजी में ''मिडिल ईस्ट'' कहल जाला}} में एगो देश बा। भूगोली रूप से ई अरब प्रायदीप के हिस्सा आ एह प्रायदीप के सभसे बड़हन देस हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:सउदी अरब]] [[श्रेणी:एशिया के देस]] [[श्रेणी:यूनाइटेड नेशंस के सदस्य देस]] [[श्रेणी:इस्लामी देश]] {{Asia-stub}} c5do4z429vg8ckl69phe56nn827wz4f 0 16480 814072 754080 2026-11-06T13:44:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814072 wikitext text/x-wiki कौनों भी  पुरान भा वर्तमान लोगन के  समूह के आचार- बेहवार के सगरी अमूर्त तत्वन के एकट्ठा रूप होला संस्कृति। जब कवनो संस्कार के आकर के रूप में देखल जाला वोह आकर के नाम ह  संस्कृति। संस्कृति सभ्यता के क्रियारूप होला जवन आदमी के  ब्यक्तिगत भा सामाजिक लुरी,रहन,शहुरि,पहिरावा,उठ -बइठ,बोली,बिचार भा सामाजिक क्रियाकलाप के रूप में लउकेला। जतना भी देवनागरी लिपि से जुडल भाषा बडिस उ सब भाषा में एकरा के संस्कृति ही कहल जाला अंग्रेजी में एकरा के [[culture]]  कहल जाला। '''संस्कृति शब्द के उत्पत्ति''' संस्कृति शब्द के उत्पत्ति संस्कृत शब्द के साथ साथ मानल जाला। संस्कृत भाषा के उत्पत्ति [https://rakeshnathblog.wordpress.com/] प्राकृत,यवाणी,भजपुरी(भोजपुरी ),अवधी,मैथली,सैथली कुवांड,लुवांड,ज्वाठी,हलथि,मियांजा,संस्थाली, बिरोछा,कुमान्ड आदि चौदह भाषा के  संस्कार देला  से भइल बा। एह प्रकार से भाषा आ संस्कृति के संबंध नोह् आ मांस नियन एक दूसरा के पूरक बन गइल।हर भाषा के आपन संस्कृति होला,एकर कारण मानव सभ्यता के बिकाश के समय में मानव के अलग अलग समूह में रहेके प्रविर्ती के मानल जाला। भोजपुरी भाषा संस्कृत से भी पुरान भाषा ह। आज सांस्कृतिक कर्मकांड में बहुत क्रिया के भोजपुरी संस्कृति के अनुसार कइल जाला जैसे भोजपुरी संस्कृति के मट्कोड,भूमिपूजन बनल। '''संस्कृति के अंग -''' * '''भाषा :-''' भाषा कवनो भी संस्कृति के मुख्य अंग मानल जाला। भाषा के मुख्य शक्ति शब्द होला आ शब्द वोह संस्कृति में कइल जाये वाला सामाजिक क्रिया कलाप आ अनुभव के प्रतिफल होला। जवना भाषा में शब्द संख्या जतना ज्यादा होई उ ओतना समृद्ध भाषा मानल जाला संपूर्ण भाषा में सबसे ज्यादा शब्द संस्कृत भाषा में बा आ संस्कृत में 12 आना शब्द भोजपुरी भाषा से गइल बा। संस्कृत ब्याकरण में तीन लिंग भी भोजपुरी संस्कृती के देन मानल जाला।भोजपुरी भाषा सहचर शब्द के सबसे ज्यादा धनि भाषा ह। बिना सहचर शब्द के कवनो भी शब्द भोजपुरी में नईखे जैसे पानी -वानी,खाना-पीना,बैठाल -वैठाल आदि ई सहचर शब्द भोजपुरी में प्राकृत भाषा से जुडल बा। एह प्रकार से भोजपुरी के शब्द संख्या बहुत बढ़ जाला। * '''पहिरावा:-'''पहिरावा भा पहिरन कवनो भी संस्कृति के दूर से लउकेवाला चीज है। कवनो भी संस्कृति में पहिरन के आधार जलवायु,सुलभता आ सहजता के मानल जाला। पूरा भारत में कवनो भी बिधार्थी के यदि ई कहब की ये बाबू तनी किशान के चित्र बनाव त उ फट से भोजपुरी पहिरन से सज़ल पुरुष के चित्र बना दी। भारत ही ना बहुत सारा देश में किशान के  चित्र में भोजपुरी पहिरन ही लउकेला ला।पहिरन संस्कृति के पहिचान ह। एह से पहिरन के संस्कृति के मुख्य अंग मानल जाला। * '''क्रिया-कलाप :-'''आदमी के क्रिया-कलाप ओकरा संस्कृति से  झळकावेला। रोज करे वाला काम भी संस्कृति के आधार पर होला। एह से आदमी के रोज के क्रिया-कलाप भी संस्कृति से अंग मानल जाला। * '''सामाजिक परम्परा :-''' सामाजिक परंपरा हमेशा संस्कृति के आधार प होला आ एकरा के संस्कृति के आधार आ अंग मानल जाला। * '''तिउहार''' :- तिउहार संस्कृति के मुख्य अंग मानल जाला। तिउहार सामाजिक क्रिया-कलाप के अंग ह। समाज में मनवाल जएवाला तिउहार संस्कृति के पहिचान होला। '''संस्कृति के महत्व''' :-  मानवता के श्रृंगार,पालन,आ रक्षा करे में संस्कृति के  महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका बा,संस्कृति बिहिन मानव समाज जीव मात्र बन के रह जाला। संस्कृति खाली मानवता खाती मात्र ना होके एह धरती प के जीव खाती भी बहुत आवस्यक बिआ। पशु-पालन,कृषि संस्कृति के आधार प ही बिकाश करेले। सामाजिक बिकाश के आधार में संस्कृति रीढ़ के हड्डी नियन भूमिका निर्वाह करेली। संस्कृति से परिवार,समाज,देश के संबंध सूत्र मिलेला। [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] b1aypnqsze9qdkosm5zep86v2krybze 814183 814072 2026-11-06T15:56:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814183 wikitext text/x-wiki कौनों भी  पुरान भा वर्तमान लोगन के  समूह के आचार- बेहवार के सगरी अमूर्त तत्वन के एकट्ठा रूप होला संस्कृति। जब कवनो संस्कार के आकर के रूप में देखल जाला वोह आकर के नाम ह  संस्कृति। संस्कृति सभ्यता के क्रियारूप होला जवन आदमी के  ब्यक्तिगत भा सामाजिक लुरी,रहन,शहुरि,पहिरावा,उठ -बइठ,बोली,बिचार भा सामाजिक क्रियाकलाप के रूप में लउकेला। जतना भी देवनागरी लिपि से जुडल भाषा बडिस उ सब भाषा में एकरा के संस्कृति ही कहल जाला अंग्रेजी में एकरा के [[culture]]  कहल जाला। '''संस्कृति शब्द के उत्पत्ति''' संस्कृति शब्द के उत्पत्ति संस्कृत शब्द के साथ साथ मानल जाला। संस्कृत भाषा के उत्पत्ति [https://rakeshnathblog.wordpress.com/] प्राकृत,यवाणी,भजपुरी(भोजपुरी ),अवधी,मैथली,सैथली कुवांड,लुवांड,ज्वाठी,हलथि,मियांजा,संस्थाली, बिरोछा,कुमान्ड आदि चौदह भाषा के  संस्कार देला  से भइल बा। एह प्रकार से भाषा आ संस्कृति के संबंध नोह् आ मांस नियन एक दूसरा के पूरक बन गइल।हर भाषा के आपन संस्कृति होला,एकर कारण मानव सभ्यता के बिकाश के समय में मानव के अलग अलग समूह में रहेके प्रविर्ती के मानल जाला। भोजपुरी भाषा संस्कृत से भी पुरान भाषा ह। आज सांस्कृतिक कर्मकांड में बहुत क्रिया के भोजपुरी संस्कृति के अनुसार कइल जाला जैसे भोजपुरी संस्कृति के मट्कोड,भूमिपूजन बनल। '''संस्कृति के अंग -''' * '''भाषा :-''' भाषा कवनो भी संस्कृति के मुख्य अंग मानल जाला। भाषा के मुख्य शक्ति शब्द होला आ शब्द वोह संस्कृति में कइल जाये वाला सामाजिक क्रिया कलाप आ अनुभव के प्रतिफल होला। जवना भाषा में शब्द संख्या जतना ज्यादा होई उ ओतना समृद्ध भाषा मानल जाला संपूर्ण भाषा में सबसे ज्यादा शब्द संस्कृत भाषा में बा आ संस्कृत में 12 आना शब्द भोजपुरी भाषा से गइल बा। संस्कृत ब्याकरण में तीन लिंग भी भोजपुरी संस्कृती के देन मानल जाला।भोजपुरी भाषा सहचर शब्द के सबसे ज्यादा धनि भाषा ह। बिना सहचर शब्द के कवनो भी शब्द भोजपुरी में नईखे जैसे पानी -वानी,खाना-पीना,बैठाल -वैठाल आदि ई सहचर शब्द भोजपुरी में प्राकृत भाषा से जुडल बा। एह प्रकार से भोजपुरी के शब्द संख्या बहुत बढ़ जाला। * '''पहिरावा:-'''पहिरावा भा पहिरन कवनो भी संस्कृति के दूर से लउकेवाला चीज है। कवनो भी संस्कृति में पहिरन के आधार जलवायु,सुलभता आ सहजता के मानल जाला। पूरा भारत में कवनो भी बिधार्थी के यदि ई कहब की ये बाबू तनी किशान के चित्र बनाव त उ फट से भोजपुरी पहिरन से सज़ल पुरुष के चित्र बना दी। भारत ही ना बहुत सारा देश में किशान के  चित्र में भोजपुरी पहिरन ही लउकेला ला।पहिरन संस्कृति के पहिचान ह। एह से पहिरन के संस्कृति के मुख्य अंग मानल जाला। * '''क्रिया-कलाप :-'''आदमी के क्रिया-कलाप ओकरा संस्कृति से  झळकावेला। रोज करे वाला काम भी संस्कृति के आधार पर होला। एह से आदमी के रोज के क्रिया-कलाप भी संस्कृति से अंग मानल जाला। * '''सामाजिक परम्परा :-''' सामाजिक परंपरा हमेशा संस्कृति के आधार प होला आ एकरा के संस्कृति के आधार आ अंग मानल जाला। * '''तिउहार''' :- तिउहार संस्कृति के मुख्य अंग मानल जाला। तिउहार सामाजिक क्रिया-कलाप के अंग ह। समाज में मनवाल जएवाला तिउहार संस्कृति के पहिचान होला। '''संस्कृति के महत्व''' :-  मानवता के श्रृंगार,पालन,आ रक्षा करे में संस्कृति के  महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका बा,संस्कृति बिहिन मानव समाज जीव मात्र बन के रह जाला। संस्कृति खाली मानवता खाती मात्र ना होके एह धरती प के जीव खाती भी बहुत आवस्यक बिआ। पशु-पालन,कृषि संस्कृति के आधार प ही बिकाश करेले। सामाजिक बिकाश के आधार में संस्कृति रीढ़ के हड्डी नियन भूमिका निर्वाह करेली। संस्कृति से परिवार,समाज,देश के संबंध सूत्र मिलेला। [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] cf8cyctqn35bc5kpqghivkanarmw3hf 0 17758 813843 804247 2026-11-06T12:51:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lake | name = विक्टोरिया झील | native_name = नल्लुबुआले | location = [[अफिरिकी बिसाल झील]] | image = Lake victoria NASA.jpg | caption = उपग्रह से लिहल फोटो | image_bathymetry = Topography of Lake Victoria.png | caption_bathymetry = झील के आसपास के ऊँचाई के 3D मॉडल ([[डिजिटल ऊँचाई मॉडल|डेम]]) | coords = {{Coord|1|S|33|E|type:waterbody_scale:3000000|display=inline,title}} | outflow = [[सफेद नील नदी]] (एही कारन एकरा के "विक्टोरियाई नील" भी कहल जाला) | inflow = [[कागेरा नदी]] | catchment = {{convert|184000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|238900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} बेसिन | basin_countries = [[तंजानिया]]<br />[[युगांडा]]<br />[[केन्या]] | length = {{convert|337|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|68800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|83|m|ft|abbr=on}} | volume = {{convert|2750|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} | shore = {{convert|3440|km|mi|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|1133|m|ft|abbr=on}} | residence_time = | islands = 84 ([[Ssese Islands]], Uganda) | islands_category = Islands of Lake Victoria | cities = [[Bukoba, Tanzania|Bukoba]], Tanzania<br />[[Mwanza]], Tanzania<br />[[Musoma]], Tanzania<br />[[Kisumu]], Kenya<br />[[Kendu Bay]], Kenya<br />[[Homa Bay]], Kenya<br />[[Kampala]], Uganda<br />[[Entebbe]], Uganda<br/>[[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], Uganda }} [[File:Victoria Nyanza.jpg|thumb|300px|विक्टोरिया न्यांजा। करिया लाइन से स्टेनली के रस्ता।]] '''विक्टोरिया झील''' (अंग्रेजी: Lake Victoria<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=The Victoria Nyanza. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557|publisher=World Digital Library|accessdate=18 फरवरी 2013|archive-date=2016-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091640/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/|url-status=dead}}</ref>) अफिरका के बिसाल झील सभ में से एगो झील बाटे। झील के नाँव [[रानी विक्टोरिया]] की नाँव पर जॉन हैनिंग स्पेक द्वारा रखल गइल रहे जे पहिला यूरोपियन (ब्रिटिश) अदमी रहलें ए झील ले पहुँचे वाला। स्पेक 1858 में [[नील नदी]] की निकलले के जगह खोजत-खोजत ए झील ले पहुँचल रहलें।<ref>{{cite web|title=How feud wrecked the reputation of explorer who discovered Nile's source|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/sep/11/burton-speke-african-exploration-nile|publisher=The Observer (The Guardian)|accessdate=29 दिसंबर 2013|author=Dalya Alberge|date=11 सितंबर 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Moorehead|first=Alan|title=The White Nile|url=https://archive.org/details/whitenile0000moor_d0v5|year=1960|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=0-06-095639-9|chapter=Part One: Chapters 1-7}}</ref> ई अफिरका महादीप पर मीठा पानी के सबसे बड़ झील हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|32em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|Lake Victoria}} {{EB1911 Poster|Victoria Nyanza|Lake Victoria}} * [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/homepage.asp?ID=306 Decreasing levels of Lake Victoria Worry East African Countries] * [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 New Scientist article] on Uganda's violation of the agreed curve for hydroelectric water flow. * [http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 Dams Draining Lake Victoria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044431/http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 |date=2012-03-10 }} * [https://archive.org/details/naturalistonlake00carp ''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''] (1920). T. F. Unwin Ltd, London; Biodiversity Archive * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9VJ6cezlnU - A beautiful video of Lake Victoria * Institutions of the East African Community: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132137/http://www.lvfo.org/ Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation] {{African Great Lakes}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:विक्टोरिया झील| ]] [[श्रेणी:अफिरका के झील]] [[श्रेणी:अफिरकी बिसाल झील]] {{africa-geo-stub}} 87die9995pxgauuf7a4dej7o1246g1k 0 18227 813880 808591 2026-11-06T12:53:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विलियम शेक्सपियर | native_name = William Shakespeare | image = Shakespeare.jpg<!--Please see the talk page before making any changes to the portrait--> | caption = लंदन के नेशनल पोर्ट्रेट गैलरी में मौजूद पोर्ट्रेट (कलाकार आ औथेंटिक होखल मालूम ना बाटे) | birth_place = स्ट्रेटफोर्ड-अपॉन-एवन, [[वार्विकशायर]], [[इंग्लैंड राज|इंग्लैंड]] | baptised = 26 अप्रैल 1564 | death_date = 23 अप्रैल 1616 (उमिर 52)<!--His monument states that he was in his 53rd year at death, i.e. 52--> | death_place = स्ट्रेटफोर्ड-अपॉन-एवन, [[वार्विकशायर]], [[इंग्लैंड राज|इंग्लैंड]] | resting_place = चर्च ऑफ दि होली ट्रिनिटी, स्ट्रेटफोर्ड-अपॉन-एवन | occupation = {{hlist|[[नाटककार]]|[[कवि]]|[[एक्टर]]}} | era = {{unbulleted list|[[एलिजाबेथी जुग]]|[[जैकोबी जुग]]}} | movement = अंग्रेजी पुनर्जागरण | spouse = {{marriage|एन हाथवे|1582}} | children = {{unbulleted list|सुसाना हाल|हैमनेट शेक्सपियर|जूडिथ क्वाइनी}} | parents = {{unbulleted list|जॉन शेक्सपियर|मैरी आर्डेन}} | signature = William Shakespeare Signature.svg }} '''विलियम शेक्सपियर''' (<!-- Please don't write that Shakespeare was born on 23 April; this is a tradition, not a fact (see the section on Shakespeare's life below) -->26 अप्रैल 1564 (बपतिस्मा) – 23 अप्रैल 1616){{efn|Dates follow the [[Julian calendar]], used in England throughout Shakespeare's lifespan, but with the start of the year adjusted to 1 January (see [[:en:Old Style and New Style dates]]). Under the [[Gregorian calendar]], adopted in Catholic countries in 1582, Shakespeare died on 3 May.{{sfn|Schoenbaum|1987|p=xv}}}} अंगरेज कबी, नाटककार, आ एक्टर रहलें। शेक्सपियर के [[अंग्रेजी|अंग्रेजी भाषा]] के सभसे महान लेखक मानल जाला आ इनके गिनती पूरा दुनिया के महान नाटककार लोग में होले।{{sfn|Greenblatt|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Bevington|2002|pp=1–3}}{{sfn|Wells|1997|p=399}} इनका के [[इंग्लैंड]] के राष्ट्रीय कवि अउरी ''बर्ड ऑफ एवन'' के रूप में भी जानल जाला।{{sfn|Dobson|1992|pp=185–186}}{{efn|The "national cult" of Shakespeare, and the "bard" identification, dates from September 1769, when the actor [[David Garrick]] organised a week-long carnival at Stratford to mark the town council awarding him the [[Freedom of the City|freedom]] of the town. In addition to presenting the town with a statue of Shakespeare, Garrick composed a doggerel verse, lampooned in the London newspapers, naming the banks of the Avon as the birthplace of the "matchless Bard".{{sfn|McIntyre|1999|pp=412–432}}}} इनके साहित्यिक रचना सभ में, बिबिध छिटपुट रचना सभ के अलावा, 39 गो नाटक आ 154 गो सॉनेट, दू गो लमहर कबिता आ अउरी कई किसिम के रचना गिनावल जालीं।{{efn|The exact figures are unknown. See [[Shakespeare's collaborations]] and [[Shakespeare Apocrypha]] for further details.}} इनके नाटक सभ के अनुबाद दुनिया के लगभग हर प्रमुख भाषा में भइल बा आ इनके नाटक सभ के अउरी नाटककार लोग के नाटकन के तुलना में बहुत ढेर बेर मंच प खेलल जा चुकल बा।{{sfn|Craig|2003|p=3}} शेक्सपियर के सबसे प्रसिद्द नाटक ''[[हैमलेट]]'', ''[[मैकबेथ]]'', ''[[ओथेलो]]'', ''[[किंग लियर]]'' आ ''[[जूलियस सीजर (नाटक)|जूलियस सीजर]]'' बाटें। {{clear}} ==नोट== <references group="नोट"/> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|3}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== <!-- अउरी बाहरी कड़ी मत जोड़ीं --> * [http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/ Internet Shakespeare Editions] * [http://www.folgerdigitaltexts.org/ Folger Digital Texts] * [http://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/ Open Source Shakespeare] complete works, with search engine and concordance * [http://doyle.lib.miamioh.edu/shakespeare/ First Four Folios]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[Miami University]] Library, digital collection * [http://www.quartos.org/ The Shakespeare Quartos Archive] * [http://www.shakespeareswords.com/ Shakespeare's Words] the online version of the best-selling glossary and language companion * [http://shakespearestudyguide.com/Shake2/ShakespeareMusic.html Shakespeare and Music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119025026/http://www.shakespearestudyguide.com/Shake2/ShakespeareMusic.html |date=2012-11-19 }} * [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/dol/images/examples/pdfs/shakespeare.pdf Shakespeare's Will] from [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] * {{ChoralWiki|description=Works by William Shakespeare set to music: free scores}} * [http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/home.html The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust] * {{IMDb name|636}} <!-- * {{Gutenberg author | id=Shakespeare,+William }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=William Shakespeare}} --> * {{Librivox author |id=37}} <!-- अउरी बाहरी कड़ी मत जोड़ीं --> {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेज कवि]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी-भाषा के कवि]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी-भाषा के नाटककार]] [[श्रेणी:विलियम शेक्सपियर| ]] {{poet-stub}} {{writer-stub}} {{bio-stub}} qt66klj6yelx8o35p6gd6mmh3uhkju3 0 18273 813732 763079 2026-11-06T12:07:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी&nbsp;कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = वर्जीनिया वुल्फ | image =File:George Charles Beresford - Virginia Woolf in 1902 - Restoration.jpg | birth_name = एडेलाइन वर्जीनिया वुल्फ | caption= 1902 में वुल्फ | birth_date = {{Birth date|1882|1|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[केंसिंग्टन]], [[मिडिलसेक्स]], इंग्लैंड | death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|3|28|1882|1|25|df=yes}} | death_place = [[ससेक्स]], इंगलैंड | spouse = [[लियोनार्ड वुल्फ]]<br><small>(m. 1912–1941; her death)</small><!-- Years of marriage, not life of LW --> | alma_mater = [[किंग्स कालेज लंदन]] | nationality = [[यूनाईटेड किंगडम|ब्रिटिश]] | notableworks = ''[[टु द लाइटहाउस]]''<br>''[[Mrs Dalloway]]''<br>''[[Orlando: A Biography]]''<br>''[[A Room of One's Own]]'' | occupation = [[उपन्यासकार]], [[निबंधकार]], प्रकाशक, आलोचक | signature = Virginia Woolf signature.svg }} '''वर्जीनिया वुल्फ''' <small>([[अंग्रेजी]]: [[:en:Virginia Woolf|Adeline Virginia Woolf]])</small> (15 जनवरी 1882 - 28 मार्च 1941) एगो अंग्रेज लेखिका रहली आ उनुका के आधुनिकता के मजबूत समर्थक लोगन में गिनल जाला। उनुकर सभसे परसिद्ध काम ''[[मिसेज डालोवे]]'' (1925), ''[[टु द लाइटहाउस]]'' (1927) आ ''[[ओरलान्डो]]'' (1928) बाटे। वर्जीनिया के आजीवन मानसिक बेमारी रहे आ ऊ ''[[बाइपोलर डिसऑर्डर]]'' से ग्रसित रहली जौना की चलते ऊ 1941 में 59 बरिस की उमिर में डूब के आत्महत्या कइ लिहली। {{Clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी&nbsp;कड़ी== * {{NRA|P31199}} * [http://modernism.research.yale.edu/wiki/index.php/Virginia_Woolf Biography of Virginia Woolf on the Yale Modernism Lab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716053622/http://modernism.research.yale.edu/wiki/index.php/Virginia_Woolf |date=2017-07-16 }} * {{Gutenberg author | id=Woolf,+Virginia }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Virginia Woolf}} * {{Librivox author |id=843}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7684201.stm Rare recordings of Virginia Woolf, Conan Doyle, and others] * [http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-monkshouse/ Monk's House information at the National Trust] * [http://library.vicu.utoronto.ca/special/woolf/wlfindex.htm The Virginia Woolf Collection at the Victoria University Library Special Collections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728142757/http://library.vicu.utoronto.ca/special/woolf/wlfindex.htm |date=2012-07-28 }} * [http://archives.nypl.org/brg/19159 Virginia Woolf collection of papers, 1882-1984 (bulk 1912-1940)], held by the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, [[New York Public Library]] * [http://cle.ens-lyon.fr/47784005/0/fiche___pagelibre/&RH=CLE_ANG110100 ''The Legacy'', full text and audio file] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20130106173908/http://cle.ens-lyon.fr/47784005/0/fiche___pagelibre/&RH=CLE_ANG110100 |date=2013-01-06 }} * [http://cle.ens-lyon.fr/44663661/0/fiche___pagelibre/&RH=CLE_ANG110100 ''The Searchlight'', full text and audio file] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913041028/http://cle.ens-lyon.fr/44663661/0/fiche___pagelibre/%26RH%3DCLE_ANG110100 |date=2011-09-13 }} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:उपन्यासकार]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी-भाषा के उपन्यासकार]] [[श्रेणी:अंगरेज लोग]] [[श्रेणी:आत्महत्या कइ के मरे वाला लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1882 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1941 में निधन]] {{bio-stub}} {{writer-stub}} iq3eg5eskbs2ixs55rtzs4np5miw4f6 0 18553 814337 192457 2026-11-07T05:36:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Sudoc|the US government document classification system|United States Government Printing Office}} [[Image:SUDOC screenshot 2013.png|thumb|300px|''सिस्टम यूनिवर्सल डी डॉकुमेंटेशन (Sudoc)'' के एगो स्क्रीनशॉट]] '''सिस्टम यूनिवर्सल डी डॉकुमेंटेशन''' या '''SUDOC''' is a system used by the libraries of [[Higher education in France|French universities and higher education establishments]] to identify, track and manage the [[records management|documents]] in their possession. The catalog, which contains more than 10 million references, allows students and researcher to search for bibliographical and location information in over 3,400 documentation centers. It is maintained by the [[Agence bibliographique de l'enseignement supérieur]]. ==बाहरी कड़ी== *[http://www.sudoc.abes.fr SUDOC] {{DEFAULTSORT:Systeme universitaire de documentation}} [[श्रेणी:फ्रांस के लाइब्रेरी]] {{Library-stub}} 3l47r5e12k1kavet855vazmanwkorju 0 18602 814185 782598 2026-11-06T15:56:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* Database identifiers */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{अनुबाद|अंग्रेजी}}{{ infobox bibliographic database | title = CiNii | image = [[File:CiNii logo.svg|200px]] | caption = | producer = [[National Institute of Informatics]] | country = [[Japan]] | history = 2005 – present | languages = [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[English language|English]] | providers = | cost = Free; Subscription for full-text | disciplines = Multidisciplinary | depth = Index, abstract & full-text | formats = Journal articles and books | temporal = 1906 – present | geospatial = Japan | number = 15 million | updates = | p_title = | p_dates = | ISSN = | web = http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ | titles = }} '''CiNii''' ({{IPAc-en|'|s|aɪ|n|iː}} <ref name=about/>) is a [[bibliographic database]] service for material in Japanese academic libraries, especially focusing on [[Japanese language|Japanese]] works and English works published in [[Japan]]. The database was founded in अप्रैल 2005 and is maintained by the [[National Institute of Informatics]].<ref name=CA/> The service searches from within the databases maintained by the NII itself [NII Electronic Library Service (NII-ELS) and Citation Database for Japanese Publications (CJP)], as well as the databases provided by the [[National Diet Library]] of Japan, [[institutional repositories]], and other organizations.<ref name=databases/> The database contains more than 15 million articles from more than 3600 publications.<ref name=journallist/> A typical month (in 2012) saw more than 30 million accesses from 2.2 million unique visitors,<ref name=INFOSTA/> and is the largest and most comprehensive database of its kind in Japan. Although the database is multidisciplinary, the largest portion of the queries it receives is in the humanities and social sciences field, perhaps because CiNii is the only database that covers Japanese scholarly works in this field (as opposed to the natural, formal, and medical sciences which benefit from other databases).<ref name=hizume/> ==Database identifiers== The database assigns a unique identifier, NII Article ID (NAID), to each of its journal article entries.<ref name=INFOSTA/> A different identifier, NCID, is used for books. '''NCID Examples''' * {{NCID|BA04004867}} for the 1951 Little, Brown edition and of ''[[The Catcher in the Rye]]'' * {{NCID|BB17611495}} for the 2010 Penguin edition of ''The Catcher in the Rye'' * {{NCID|BA36680090}} for a 1952 edition of ''Kiken na nenrei'' ({{nihongo2|危険な年齢}}), {{NCID|BN01880084}} for a 1964 edition of ''Rai-mugi de tsukamaete'' ({{nihongo2|ライ麦畑でつかまえて}}), and {{NCID|BA61718322}} for a 2003 edition of ''Kyatchā in za rai'' ({{nihongo2|キャッチャー・イン・ザ・ライ}}), all three being Japanese translations of ''The Catcher in the Rye'' * {{NCID|BB13715590}} for a 1997 edition of ''Mai tian li de shou wang zhe'' (麦田里的守望者), a Chinese translation of ''The Catcher in the Rye''. == References == <references> <ref name=about>{{cite web | url= http://ci.nii.ac.jp/info/en/cinii_outline.html | accessdate=2014-02-23 | work = CiNii | title = About CiNii}}</ref> <ref name=CA>{{cite journal | url = http://current.ndl.go.jp/ca1691 | author = 大向一輝 (Ohmukai, Ikki) | journal = Current Awareness | title = 学術情報プラットフォームとしてのCiNii | date = 2009 | issue = 301 | at = CA1691 | access-date = 2015-07-22 | archive-date = 2014-09-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140911064031/http://current.ndl.go.jp/ca1691 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name=journallist>{{cite web | url =http://ci.nii.ac.jp/info/en/cinii_journal_list.html | accessdate=2014-02-23 | work=CiNii | title=<code>titlelist_els.tsv</code> | date = 2014-02-15 }}</ref> <ref name=databases>{{cite web | url = http://ci.nii.ac.jp/info/en/cinii_db.html | title =Databases Incorporated | work = CiNii | accessdate=2014-02-23}}</ref> <ref name=INFOSTA>{{cite journal | url =http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110009544496 | title=System design and data modeling of CiNii articles | author = 大向一輝 (Ohmukai, Ikki) |journal = The Journal of Information Science and Technology Association |volume = 62 | issue = 11| pages=473–477| date= 2012}}</ref> <ref name=hizume>{{cite journal | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2241/105270 | author1 = 日詰梨恵 (Hizume, Rie) | author2 = 逸村裕 (Itsumura, Hiroshi) | title = CiNii 収録率から見たわが国の学術情報電子化の現状：人文学４領域を対象に| journal = 中部図書館情報学会誌 | volume=50 | pages=19–35 | date=2010}}</ref> </references> == External links == *[http://ci.nii.ac.jp CiNii] *[http://ci.nii.ac.jp/en CiNii in English] [[श्रेणी:डेटाबेस]] sluv8ore87qyxs3gumq8gd103f1hn5o 0 20894 814351 754617 2026-11-07T05:37:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = सीस्मी स्ट्रीट | image = | image_size = | genre = [[शिक्षा टीवी|शिक्षा से जुड़ल टीवी]]<br />[[स्केच कॉमेडी]]<br />[[कठपुतरी]]<br />[[एनीमेशन]] | runtime = 60 मिनट | creator = जोआन गैंज कोनी<br />लॉयड मोरिसेट | producer = सैमुएल गिबन<br />जॉन स्टोन | starring = | opentheme = "Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street?" | endtheme = "Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street?" (इंस्ट्रूमेंटल) | theme_music_composer = जोए राप्सो<br />जॉन स्टोन<br />ब्रूस हार्ट | location = रीव्ज टेलिटेप स्टूडियो (1969–1992)<br />यूनिटेल वीडियो इंक. [कुछ एपिसोड] (1987–1993) [[मानहट्टन]], [[न्यूयार्क शहर]]<br />कॉफ़मैंन एस्टोरिया (1993–वर्तमान)<br />एस्टोरिया, क्वींस, [[न्यूयार्क शहर]] | company = चिल्ड्रेन्स टेलीविजन वर्कशौप (1969–2000)<br />सीस्मी वर्कशौप (2000–वर्तमान) | country = यूनाइटेड स्टेट्स | language = अंग्रेजी | network = नेट (1969–1970)<br />पीबीएस (1970–वर्तमान) |picture_format=480i <br />(1969–2007)<br />720p & 1080i ([[हाई-डेफिनिशन टेलीविजन|HDTV]]) <br />(2008–वर्तमान) | audio_format = मोनो (1969–1992)<br />स्टीरियो (1992–2001)<br />डॉल्बी (2002–2006)<br />डॉल्बी डिजिटल (2007–वर्तमान) | first_aired = 10 नवंबर 1969 | last_aired = वर्तमान | num_seasons = 45 | num_episodes = 4,385 | website = http://www.sesamestreet.org/ }} '''''सीस्मी स्ट्रीट''''' (''Sesame Street'') एक ठो अमेरिकी बाल-धारावाहिक हवे जे बहुत लंबा समय से लगातार चल रहल बाटे। एह प्रोग्राम के निर्माता जॉन गैंज कोनी आ लायड मोरिसेट बा लोग। ई कार्यक्रम अपना जानकारी भरल सामग्री के प्रस्तुत करे खातिर जानल जाला। शिक्षा वाली सामग्री के लड़िकन बदे सहज लहजा में, एनीमेशन, छोट कहानी आ हँसी-खेल के साथ प्रस्तुत कइल जाला। पहिली बेर एकर प्रसारण 10 नवंबर 1969 के भइल रहल। तबसे ले के आब तक ले ई लगातार चालू बाटे। [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टीवी सिरीज]] {{Tv-prog-stub}} 75qo7zvjpdigbgj6vyyatdar1903uhe 0 21004 814418 584697 2026-11-07T07:47:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Santiago | image_skyline = Santiago de chile collage.png | imagesize = 301px | image_caption = Collage of Santiago, left to right, top to bottom: [[Santa Lucía Hill]], panoramic view of Santiago, [[La Moneda Palace|La Moneda]], Statue of the Immaculate Conception, Torre Telefónica, [[Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts|National Museum of Fine Arts]] and [[Biblioteca Nacional de Chile|National Library of Chile]], Torre Entel, Estación Central [[Santiago Metro]] station and Railway Station and [[San Francisco Church, Santiago de Chile|San Francisco Church]]. | image_flag = Flag of Santiago, Chile.svg | flag_alt = Flag of Santiago | image_seal = | seal_size = 75px | image_shield = Escudo de Santiago (Chile).svg | nickname ="The City of the Island Hills" | named_for = [[James, brother of Jesus|Saint James]] | pushpin_map = Chile | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chile | coordinates = {{coord|33|27|S|70|40|W|scale:450000|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Chile}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Chile|Region]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Chile|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = {{Flagcountry|Santiago Metropolitan Region}} | subdivision_name2 = [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago Province]] | established_title = Foundation | established_date = 12 February 1541 | founder = [[Pedro de Valdivia]] | leader_title = Intendant | leader_name = Karla Rubilar Barahona | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 247.6 | elevation_m =570 | elevation_ft =1870 | population_total = 6,310,000 | population_as_of = 2017 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 9,821 | population_density_sq_mi = 25,436 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_demonym = ''Santiaguinos'' (-''as'') | population_note = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 8320000 | area_code = +56 2 | website = {{Official website|http://www.gobiernosantiago.cl}} |blank_name = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2017) |blank_info = 0.895 <span style="color:#090">'''Very High''' | footnotes = | pushpin_map_narrow = yes | area_as_of = | timezone = [[Time in Chile|CLT]] | utc_offset = −4 | timezone_DST = [[Time in Chile|CLST]] | utc_offset_DST = −3 }} '''सेंटिआगो''' [[चिली]] के राजधानी आ दुनिया के एगो प्रमुख शहर ह। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:शहर]] [[श्रेणी:चिली]] {{geo-stub}} h6pi9l1t61qo10am7hum924zn7mkqg7 14 21087 814038 390086 2026-11-06T13:05:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{shortcut|CAT:SDT|श्रे:हटाटे}} {{template category}} {{selfref|इहो देखल जाय: [[विकिपीडिया:टेम्पलेट सनेसा/हटावल]]}} [[विकिपीडिया:टेम्पलेट सनेसा|विकिपीडिया टेम्पलेट]] जिनहन के प्रयोग [[विकिपीडिया:तुरंत हटावे के पैमाना|तुरंत हटावे]] खातिर नामांकन करे में होला। {{Category TOC|numerals=no}} <!----> [[श्रेणी:तुरंत हटावल|टेम्पलेट]] [[श्रेणी:हटावे में इस्तेमाल होखे वाली टेम्पलेट|तुरंत हटावल]] 3drco31isdd5lpq2s8j7i0zg9xz6k18 0 22659 814250 812411 2026-11-06T16:07:57Z SM7Bot 7808 /* प्रभाव */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''फिलिम''' <small>''({{Lang|en|[[:en:Film|Film]]}})''</small> हिंदी में "चलचित्र" या "सिनेमा", अंग्रेजी में "मूवी" <small>("Moovies")</small> एगो अइसन चीज बा जेवन एक की बाद एक खींचल कय गो फोटो के हाली-हाली देखावे के चलते मूल दृश्य के दोबारा चलत-फिरत रूप में देखावे के काम करे ले। फ़िल्म (Film) वास्तव में उ रील के कहल जाला जवना पर कवनो चित्र चाहे चलचित्र अंकित होला, ई [[कैमरा]] में प्रयोग करे खाती प्रकाश के प्रति संबेदनशील [[पायस]] आदि पोतल कार्बन प्लास्टिक आदि के समिश्रण से बनल पातर लचकदार पट्टी नियन होला जवना प चित्र चाहे चलचित्र कैमरा से अंकित कइल जाला। एकरा पर तेज प्रकाश के किरण परला प चित्र आगे परदा प दिखाई देला। यदि एक निमेष (आदमी के एक बार आंखि झपके के समय) में 50 गो से ज्यादा चित्र एक साथ देखावल जाय त चित्र में चित्रित चरित्र गतिमान लउके लागि लोग मनोरंजन खाती एकरा के देखे जात रहन आ सामान्य बोल चाल के भाषा में फिलिम कहे लागले। ==फिलिम के इतिहास== {{मुख्य|फिलिम के इतिहास}} [[File:Muybridge race horse animated.gif|left|thumb|300px|कबो कबो 1878 में बनावल ''[[:en:Sallie Gardner at a Gallop|Sallie Gardner at a Gallop]]'' from 1878 के पहिला फिलिम मानल जाला]] आदम काल में मानव आपन छाया जल में देखि के समय बितावत रहे. कबो अपना चेहरा पर फेंड के पतई मिस के हरियर रग पोतत रहे त कबो जरल पतई के करिखा पोत के अपना के जल में निहारत रहे आ मनोरंजन करत रहे। आपन चेहरा देखे के चाहत आदमी के "सीसा" के खोज करे खाती प्रेरित कइलस।बतावल जाला की सीसा के खोज 2500 बरीस ई. पु. मेसोपोटामिया  में बनल रहे लेकिन ई सब सीसा छोट आकर के रहे जवना के सीसा बनावे के प्रयास मात्र कहल जा सकत रहे। बाद में लगभग 1500 बरीस ई. पु. मिश्र में सीसा बने लागल रहे। फ़ोटो छवि बनावे में सक्षम पहिला हाली कैमरा से पहले ई 1827 में  एगो करिआ कपडा ओढ़ाके एगो लकड़ी के डिब्बा  के तल में एक फोटोग्राफिक प्लेट डाल के प्रयोग कइले रहन जवन Nicephore Niepce द्वारा आविष्कार कइल गइल रहे। एह प्रकार स्थिर चित्र खिचे के  सुरुआत भइल रहे। बाद में एहि प्रक़र के कैमरा में डोरा बंधी के दौड़त घोडा के चित्र खिचे के प्रयाश कइल गइल ई प्रयास सफल भइल बाद में 1867 ई में अमेरिका में चलचित्र खिचे वाली मशीन जवना के नाम "जूपराक्सीस्कोप" रहे से गतिमान चित्र खिचल गइल रहे ओकरा बाद बहुत तेजी से यह क्षेत्र में बिकाश भइल जापान जर्मनी चाइना भारत चारु ओर बिभिन्न प्रकार के चलचित्र कैमरा और चलचित्र बनावे वाली कंपनी बाजार में आगइलस |1862 ई में सीसा के टुकड़ा प फोटो सटा के लेंस के सामने से चले वाला छोट मशीन बन गइल रहे। लोग हर पार्टी आदि में एकरा के देखत आ मनोरंजन करत रहे एकरा के "जादू के लालटेन "कहल जात रहे | John Ayrton एगो Thaumatrope नाम के यंत्र बनवले रहन जेकरा में घोडा आ धुड़सवार के चलत चित्र लउकत रहे। सन् 1885 में दू आदमी George-Eastman आ William H. Walker फिलिम के पहिला रील के बिकास कइले ई जिलेटिन पायस पायस के बनल रहे। बाद में स. 1902 में एहि रील के प्रयोग कईके "चन्द्र यात्रा " के फिलिम बनल रहे। फेन 1903  ई में निर्देशक तथा कैमरामैन Edwin S. Porter एगो ट्रेन डकैती के सच्चा घटना प आधारित 10 मिनट के चलचित्र बनवले रहन जवना के नाम रहे "ग्रेट  ट्रैन  रॉबरी"। 1905 में पहिला ब्यवसायिक फिलिम बनल जवना के नाम रहे 5 सेंट मूवीज़ थियेटर। एकरा बाद 1907 से बहुत अंग्रेजी फिलिम बनली स। भारत में सं 1896 में पहिला Lumiere Brothers से  बम्बई नाम के कला चित्रण भइल रहे। भारतीय सिनेमा में दादा साहेब (देवराम सखाराम भटवडेकर ) के प्रयास के अग्रगण्य मानल जाला। आज भी सिनेमा जगत में दादा एगो सम्मान के शब्द मानल जाला। सं 1897 में हीरालाल सेन द्वारा निर्देशित फिलिम "फारस के फूल " बहुत सफल मानल गइल। ==प्रभाव== '''फिलिम के महत्व''' * नैतिक शिक्षा खाती * स्वस्थ मनोरंज खाती * कला के बिकाश खाती * देश के अर्थ ब्यवस्था में उठान खाती * बिदेशी मुद्रा के अध्यागमन खाती * समाज में उचित सन्देश खाती * इतिहास खाती '''फिलिम के दुष्प्रभाव''' * अनावश्यक फैसन प्रसार * असामाजिक हत्या अपराध आदि  के प्रसार * नवयुवक में गलत शिक्षा के प्रसार ==बाहरी कड़ी== * [http://www.allmovie.com Allmovie]&nbsp;– Information on films: actors, directors, biographies, reviews, cast and production credits, box office sales, and other movie data. * [http://www.filmsite.org Film Site]&nbsp;– Reviews of classic films * {{dmoz|Arts/Movies/|Movies}} * [http://www.rottentomatoes.com Rottentomatoes.com]&nbsp;– Movie reviews, previews, forums, photos, cast info, and more. * [http://imdb.com/ The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)]&nbsp;– Information on current and historical films and cast listings. <!--NEW LINKS SHOULD NOT BE ADDED WITHOUT PRIOR DISCUSSION ON TALK PAGE AND WILL BE DELETED OTHERWISE--> {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:कला मीडिया]] [[श्रेणी:सिनेमा]] 0lk38fqs9s9u2t8omoz7e9787os8gkw 0 22677 814111 473591 2026-11-06T15:48:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{बहुवि}} '''सती''' शब्द के नीचे दिहल अरथ में प्रयोग हो सकेला; अपनी जरूरत की लेख पर जाए खातिर कड़ी के क्लिक करीं: * [[सती (देवी)]] - [[शिव]] के पत्नी आ [[दक्ष]] प्रजापति के लइकी सती, जे यज्ञ की कुण्ड में जरि गइल रहली आ जिनका मुर्दा शरीर के अलग-अलग अंग के गिरला की अस्थान पर शक्ति-पीठ के आस्थापन मानल जाला। * [[सती (प्रथा)]] - पुराना जमाना में चलन में रहल एगी रिवाज जेवना में मरद की मू गइले पर मेहरारुओ ओकरा संघे चिता में भसम हो जाय। l5k9dcyq6l0vh89q3ambvw1frlqz09u 10 24027 814091 657607 2026-11-06T14:58:14Z SM7 3953 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई कइल गइल 814091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk}} {{TOC right}} {{Lua|Module:Location map}} This [[:Category:Location map templates|template]] generates a location map as a [[m:Help:composite images|composite image]], consisting of a map and a location mark. Optionally, a label and caption can be added. ==Usage== Map image files are not accessed directly, but by using an auxiliary map definition. For example, if the first unnamed parameter supplied to this template is 'Japan', then this template uses the entry for Japan in [[Module:Location map/data/Japan]] if it exists, or {{tl|Location map Japan}} otherwise, one of which contains the data needed to generate the composite image. ;Please note: *Assigning <u>any</u> value to the parameter <code>caption</code> causes the map to be displayed as a thumbnail image. If this parameter is not declared, the template will generate a default caption. *The coordinates are not checked. If the coordinates specified fall outside the area covered by the map image, the location mark will not display inside the image; however, it may be displayed somewhere else on the page. *Do not use '''<code>px</code>''' when setting the map image size. Using <code>width=200px</code> will usually cause a very large map to be displayed. Use <code>width=200</code>. *To create a map with more than one location mark, use either {{tl|Location map+}} or {{tl|Location map many}}. ==Blank templates== {{Location map|USA |relief= 1 |width= 320 |lat= 44.6 |long= -110.5 |caption= Location of [[Yellowstone]] in the north-western United States of America }} {| !Decimal degrees ! !Degrees, minutes, seconds ! !With {{tl|Coord}}<small><br>(usually for infoboxes)</small> ! ![[Wikidata]] |- |style=vertical-align:top| <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-right:5px"> {{Location map|{{{1}}} |width = |float = |border = |caption = |alt = |relief = |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |link = |lat_deg = |lon_deg = }} </pre> |style=width:20px| |style=vertical-align:top| <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-right:5px"> {{Location map|{{{1}}} |width = |float = |border = |caption = |alt = |relief = |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |link = |lat_deg = |lat_min = |lat_sec = |lat_dir = |lon_deg = |lon_min = |lon_sec = |lon_dir = }} </pre> |style=width:20px| |style=vertical-align:top| <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-right:5px"> {{Location map|{{{1}}} |width = |float = |border = |caption = |alt = |relief = |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |coordinates= }} </pre> |style=width:20px| |style=vertical-align:top| <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-right:5px"> {{Location map|{{{1}}} |width = |float = |border = |caption = |alt = |relief = |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = }} </pre> |} ==Parameters== {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" !colspan=2 style=background-color:lightblue|map display parameters |- !parameter!!description |- |<code>{{{1}}}</code> |'''Required''' – use the name of the map as the first unnamed parameter; for example, specifying ''England'' will use the values for England in [[Module:Location map/data/England]], if it exists, or {{tld|Location map England}} otherwise. See the [[#Examples|examples]] below. Multiple maps can be shown by providing a list of map names separated by <tt>#</tt>. For multiple maps, the first is shown by default, a reader can select the others with radio buttons. |- |<code>width</code> |Determines the width of the map in [[pixel]]s, overriding any default values; do not include <code>px</code>, for example: <code>width=300</code>, not <code>width=300px</code>. |- |<code>default_width</code> |Determines the default width of the map in pixels, intended for use by templates, e.g. place infoboxes; the default value is 240. Do not include <code>px</code>. This value will be multiplied by the <code>defaultscale</code> parameter specified in individual map templates, if it exists, in order to achieve an appropriate size for vertical maps. For example, if <code>default_width=200</code> is given, a map of Thailand will be displayed with a width of 200x0.57 = 114 pixels (as specified in [[Module:Location map/data/Thailand]]). |- |<code>max_width</code> |The maximum size of the map in pixels, intended for use by templates, e.g. place infoboxes. Do not include <code>px</code>. |- |<code>float</code> |Specifies the position of the map on the page; valid values are <code>left</code>, <code>right</code>, <code>center</code> and <code>none</code>. The default is <code>right</code>. |- |<code>border</code> |Specifies the colour of the 1px map border; the default is ''lightgrey'' (see [[web colors]]). If set to <code>none</code>, no border will be generated. This parameter is seldom used. |- |<code>caption</code> |The text of a caption to be displayed below the map; specifying a caption will cause the map to be displayed with a frame. If <code>caption</code> is defined but is not assigned a value, the map will not be framed and no caption will be displayed. If <code>caption</code> is not defined, the map will not be framed and a default caption will be generated. The default caption is created from the <code>label</code> parameter (or the current page name if label not defined) and the <code>name</code> parameter from map definition template. See the [[#Examples|examples]] below. |- |<code>alt</code> |Alt text for map; used by [[screen reader]]s, see [[WP:ALT]]. |- |<code>relief</code> |Any non-blank value (1, yes, etc.) will cause the template to display the map specified in the map definition template as <code>image1</code>, which is usually a [[Cartographic relief depiction|relief map]]; see the example at [[Template:Location map+/relief|Location map+/relief]]. |- |<code>AlternativeMap</code> |Allows the use of an alternative map; the image must have the same edge coordinates as the location map template. See the example at [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap|Location map+/AlternativeMap]]. |- |<code>overlay_image</code> |Allows an overlay to be superimposed on the map; this parameter is seldom used. See the example at [[Template:Location map+/overlay|Location map+/overlay]]. |- !colspan=2 style=background-color:lightblue|label and mark parameters<br><small>if no coordinates are specified, the template will try to get them from the page's [[Wikidata]] item</small> |- !parameter!!description |- |<code>label</code> |The text of the label to display next to the identifying mark; a [[Wiki markup|wikilink]] can be used. The default, if not specified is no label, just the marker. |- |<code>label_size</code> |The font size to use for the label, given as a percentage of the normal font size (<100 = smaller, >100 = larger); the default size is 90. Do not include <code>%</code>, for example: <code>label_size=80</code>, not <code>label_size=80%</code>. If set to 0, the label is only displayed when the user hovers over the mark. |- |<code>label_width</code> |The width to use for the label, given as an [[Em (typography)#CSS|em size]]; the default width is 6. Do not include <code>em</code>, for example: <code>label_width=7</code>, not <code>label_width=7em</code>. |- |<code>position</code> |The position of the label relative to the identifying mark; valid values are <code>left</code>, <code>right</code>, <code>top</code>,<code>bottom</code> and <code>none</code>. This defaults to either <code>left</code> or <code>right</code>, depending on the coordinates of the marker, and its position relative to the right border of the map image. When <code>position=none</code>, any defined label will not be displayed with the mark, but it will be used to create the default caption. |- |<code>background</code> |The background colour to use for the label; see [[Web colors]]. The default is no background colour, which shows the map image behind the label. |- |<code>mark</code> |The name of an image file to display as the identifying mark; the default is [[:File:Red pog.svg|Red pog.svg]] ([[File:Red pog.svg|8px]]). See examples at [[Commons:Location markers]] and [[Commons:Category:Map icons]]. |- |<code>marksize</code> |The size of the identifying mark in [[pixel]]s; the default is 8. Do not include <code>px</code>, for example: <code>marksize=10</code>, not <code>marksize=10px</code>. |- |<code>link</code> |Specifies a [[Wiki markup|wikilink]] which can be followed if the reader clicks on the identifying mark; do not include <code>[[]]</code> (double square brackets), for example: <code>link=Yellowstone National Park</code>, not <code>link=[&#91;Yellowstone National Park&#93;]</code>. |- |<code>coordinates</code> |The coordinates in {{tl|Coord}} format; <small>whilst ''not'' recommended, if you want to waste time, you can also enter them in decimal degrees (e.g. <code>48.067°N 12.863°E</code>); you shouldn't need to, though.</small> |- |<code>lat_deg</code> |The degrees of [[latitude]]; this value can be specified using [[decimal degrees]], and when this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified. |- |<code>lat_min</code> |The minutes of latitude. |- |<code>lat_sec</code> |The seconds of latitude; not usually necessary. |- |<code>lat_dir</code> |N if north (default value), or S for south of the [[Equator]]; other values will be disregarded. Not required if using signed decimal degrees, i.e. negative numbers for southern latitude. |- |<code>lon_deg</code> |The degrees of [[longitude]]; this value can be specified using [[decimal degrees]], and when this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified. |- |<code>lon_min</code> |The minutes of longitude. |- |<code>lon_sec</code> |The seconds of longitude; not usually necessary. |- |<code>lon_dir</code> |E for east (default value), or W for west of the [[IERS Reference Meridian|Prime Meridian]]; o_ther values will be disregarded. Not required if using signed decimal degrees, i.e. negative numbers for western longitude. |} ==Available maps== [[File:template location map.svg|thumb|360px|Location map templates as of 5 Nov 2014. To find the best location map template covering a given place, open the SVG file in a web browser and use arrow keys and zoom function. Hovering over a region shows its name and highlights it. Clicking it loads its page.]] There are over 1,000 maps available. To find other maps: *[[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Location map/data/]] - checked before a map template is searched for, new maps should be created here rather than creating new templates *[[Template:Location map/List]] - some of the items listed here are redirects, and a few templates may not function as expected *[[:Category:Location map templates]] - templates sorted by category *[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Location map/Info]] - a search that might help *[[Special:Prefixindex/Template:Location map]] - another search that might help ==Creating new map definitions== See [[Template:Location map/Creating a new map definition|Creating a new map definition]]. == उदाहरण == ===Default width and float, no label, default caption (decimal coordinates)=== Note: when a label is not specified, the default caption is "Page name (Map name)", so if this example was viewed on a page named ''Pag'', the default caption would be "Pag (Croatia)". Likewise, on a page named ''Pag (town)'', the default caption would be "Pag (town) (Croatia)". {{Location map|Croatia |alt = Pag is on an island. |lat_deg = 44.44 |lon_deg = 15.05 }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Croatia |alt = Pag is on an island. |lat_deg = 44.44 |lon_deg = 15.05 }} </pre> {{clear}} ===Map with the default caption (degrees/minutes)=== Note: when a label is specified, the default caption is "Label text (Map name)", seen as "Pag (Croatia)" in this example. {{Location map|Croatia |width = 200 |float = right |alt = Pag is on an island. |label = Pag |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Croatia |width = 200 |float = right |alt = Pag is on an island. |label = Pag |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} </pre> {{clear}} When {{para|position|none}}, the label text is not displayed next to the mark, but is still used in the default caption and default alt text. {{Location map|Croatia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Pag |position = none |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Croatia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Pag |position = none |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} </pre> {{clear}} ===Mark outside of map border, no caption=== {{Location map|Croatia |width = 200 |float = right |caption = |alt = Rimini in Italy (outside the map) |lat_deg = 44.05 |lon_deg = 12.57 <!--outside maps left border at 13.1--> |outside = 1 <!--we're aware the point is outside the map, so suppress the warning category--> |label = Rimini |position = right }} <pre style=width:60em> {{Location map|Croatia |width = 200 |float = right |caption = |alt = Rimini in Italy (outside the map) |lat_deg = 44.05 |lon_deg = 12.57 <!--outside maps left border at 13.1--> |outside = 1 <!--we're aware the point is outside the map, so suppress the warning category--> |label = Rimini |position = right }} </pre> {{clear}} ===Caption, label_size, background, mark, marksize=== {{Location map|Italy |width = 200 |float = right |caption = Location of Rimini in Italy |alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rimini |label = Rimini |label_size = 150 <!--150% of normal size--> |position = bottom |background = orange |mark = Orange_pog.svg |marksize = 12 <!--size in pixels--> |lat_deg = 44.05 |lon_deg = 12.578 }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Italy |width = 200 |float = right |caption = Location of Rimini in Italy |alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rimini |label = Rimini |label_size = 150 <!--150% of normal size--> |position = bottom |background = orange |mark = Orange_pog.svg |marksize = 12 <!--size in pixels--> |lat_deg = 44.05 |lon_deg = 12.57 }} </pre> {{clear}} {{anchor|Using Alternative Map}}<!--former section name for links from other pages--> ===AlternativeMap parameter=== {{Location map|Italy |AlternativeMap = Italy location map.svg |width = 200 |float = right |caption = Location of Rome in Italy |alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rome |label = Rome |lat_deg = 41.9 |lon_deg = 12.5 }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Italy |AlternativeMap = Italy location map.svg |width = 200 |float = right |caption = Location of Rome in Italy |alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rome |label = Rome |lat_deg = 41.9 |lon_deg = 12.5 }} </pre> {{clear}} {{anchor|Relief}}<!--former section name for links from other pages--> ===Relief parameter=== Also demonstrates automatic positioning of label to the left, due to far right position of mark. {{Location map|Nepal |relief = yes |caption = Location of Biratnagar Airport in Nepal |alt = Biratnagar Airport is located in southeastern Nepal |label = Biratnagar |mark = Airplane silhouette.svg |marksize = 10 |lat_deg = 26 |lat_min = 28 |lat_sec = 53 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 87 |lon_min = 15 |lon_sec = 50 |lon_dir = E }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Nepal |relief = yes |caption = Location of Biratnagar Airport in Nepal |alt = Biratnagar Airport is located in southeastern Nepal |label = Biratnagar |mark = Airplane silhouette.svg |marksize = 10 |lat_deg = 26 |lat_min = 28 |lat_sec = 53 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 87 |lon_min = 15 |lon_sec = 50 |lon_dir = E }} </pre> {{clear}} {{Location map|Nepal |relief = |caption = Location of Biratnagar Airport in Nepal |alt = Biratnagar Airport is located in southeastern Nepal |label = Biratnagar |mark = Airplane silhouette.svg |marksize = 10 |lat_deg = 26 |lat_min = 28 |lat_sec = 53 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 87 |lon_min = 15 |lon_sec = 50 |lon_dir = E }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Nepal |relief = |caption = Location of Biratnagar Airport in Nepal |alt = Biratnagar Airport is located in southeastern Nepal |label = Biratnagar |mark = Airplane silhouette.svg |marksize = 10 |lat_deg = 26 |lat_min = 28 |lat_sec = 53 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 87 |lon_min = 15 |lon_sec = 50 |lon_dir = E }} </pre> {{clear}} {{anchor|Alternative style of map}}<!--former section name for links from other pages--> ===User selection of multiple maps=== {{Location map|UK Scotland#UK |relief = 1 |width = 180 |float = right |caption = Lockerbie in Scotland, UK |alt = Lockerbie is in southern Scotland. |label = Lockerbie |mark = Blue_pog.svg |marksize = 9 |lat_deg = 55 |lat_min = 07 |lat_sec = 16 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 03 |lon_min = 21 |lon_sec = 19 |lon_dir = W }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|UK Scotland#UK |relief = 1 |width = 180 |float = right |caption = Lockerbie in Scotland, UK |alt = Lockerbie is in southern Scotland. |label = Lockerbie |mark = Blue_pog.svg |marksize = 9 |lat_deg = 55 |lat_min = 07 |lat_sec = 16 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 03 |lon_min = 21 |lon_sec = 19 |lon_dir = W }} </pre> ===Map that crosses 180° meridian=== :See [[:Category:Location map templates crossing 180th meridian]] {{Location map|Fiji |width = 180 |float = right |label = Suva |position = right |background = yellow |mark = Locator_Dot.png |marksize = 7 |lat_deg = 18 |lat_min = 8 |lat_sec = 0 |lat_dir = S |lon_deg = 178 |lon_min = 26 |lon_sec = 0 |lon_dir = E }} <pre style=width:40em> {{Location map|Fiji |width = 180 |float = right |label = Suva |position = right |background = yellow |mark = Locator_Dot.png |marksize = 7 |lat_deg = 18 |lat_min = 8 |lat_sec = 0 |lat_dir = S |lon_deg = 178 |lon_min = 26 |lon_sec = 0 |lon_dir = E }} </pre> {{clear}} ==Template data== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template places a location mark on a map.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Map name(s)", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "The name of the map to be used; multiple maps can be provided as a list separated by #" }, "width": { "label": "Map width", "type": "number", "description": "Determines the width of the map in pixels, overriding any default values; do not include \"px\", for example: \"300\", not \"300px\"." }, "default_width": { "label": "Default width", "type": "number", "description": "Determines the default width of the map in pixels, intended for use by templates such as infoboxes; the default value is 240. Do not include \"px\". This value will be multiplied by the defaultscale parameter specified in individual map templates, if it exists, in order to achieve an appropriate size for vertical maps." }, "float": { "label": "Position", "type": "string", "description": "Specifies the position of the map on the page; valid values are left, right, center and none. The default is right." }, "border": { "label": "Border color", "type": "string", "description": "Specifies the color of the map border; if set to none, no border will be generated." }, "caption": { "label": "Map caption", "type": "string", "description": "The text of a caption to be displayed below the map; if caption is defined, but is not assigned a value, the map will not be framed, and no caption will be displayed. If caption is not defined, the map will not be framed and a default caption will be generated." }, "alt": { "label": "Alt text", "type": "string", "description": "Alt text for map; used by screen readers." }, "relief": { "label": "Alternative map from template", "type": "string", "description": "Any non-blank value (1, yes, etc.) will cause the template to display the map specified in the map definition template as image1, which is usually a relief map." }, "AlternativeMap": { "label": "Alternative map not from template", "type": "string", "description": "Allows the use of an alternative map; the image must have the same edge coordinates as the map template." }, "overlay_image": { "label": "Overlay image", "type": "string", "description": "Allows an overlay to be superimposed on the map; this parameter is seldom used." }, "label": { "label": "Marker label", "type": "string", "description": "The text of the label to display next to the mark; a wikilink can be used." }, "label_size": { "label": "Label size", "type": "number", "description": "The font size to use for the label, given as a percentage of the normal font size; do not include \"%\"." }, "label_width": { "label": "Label width", "type": "number", "description": "The width to use for the label, given as an em size; do not include \"em\"." }, "position": { "label": "Label position", "type": "string", "description": "The position of the label relative to the mark; valid values are left, right, top, bottom and none. This defaults to either left or right, depending on the coordinates of the marker, and its position relative to the right border of the map image. When position=none, any defined label will not be displayed with the mark, but it will be used to create the default caption." }, "background": { "label": "Label background", "type": "string", "description": "The background color to use for the label." }, "mark": { "label": "Marker image", "type": "string", "description": "The name of an image to display as the marker." }, "marksize": { "label": "Marker size", "type": "number", "description": "The size of the mark in pixels; do not include \"px\"." }, "link": { "label": "Marker link", "type": "string", "description": "Specifies a wikilink which will be followed if the reader clicks on the mark." }, "lat_deg": { "label": "Latitude degrees", "type": "number", "required": true, "description": "The degrees of latitude; this value can be specified using decimal degrees. When this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified." }, "lat_min": { "label": "Latitude minutes", "type": "number", "description": "The minutes of latitude." }, "lat_sec": { "label": "Latitude seconds", "type": "number", "description": "The seconds of latitude." }, "lat_dir": { "label": "Latitude direction", "type": "string", "description": "N if north or S for south of the Equator; not required if using signed decimal degrees." }, "lon_deg": { "label": "Longitude degrees", "type": "number", "required": true, "description": "The degrees of longitude; this value can be specified using decimal degrees. When this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified." }, "lon_min": { "label": "Longitude minutes", "type": "number", "description": "The minutes of longitude." }, "lon_sec": { "label": "Longitude seconds", "type": "number", "description": "The seconds of longitude." }, "lon_dir": { "label": "Longitude direction", "type": "string", "description": "E for east or W for west of the Prime Meridian; not required if using signed decimal degrees." }, "coordinates": { "label": "Coordinates", "description": "Coordinates, usually in {{Coord}} format; however, they can also be typed out in decimal degrees (with no spaces between ° and N/S/E/W).", "example": "{{Coord|48.067|12.863}}", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "width", "default_width", "float", "border", "caption", "alt", "relief", "AlternativeMap", "overlay_image", "label", "label_size", "label_width", "position", "background", "mark", "marksize", "link", "coordinates", "lat_deg", "lat_min", "lat_sec", "lat_dir", "lon_deg", "lon_min", "lon_sec", "lon_dir" ] } </templatedata> == इहो देखल जाय== {{Commons|Location markers}} {{Commons category|Map pointers}} ;For similar examples, see the documentation at [[Template:Location map+]], as well as: *[[Template:Location map+/relief]], an example using the ''relief'' parameter *[[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]], an example using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter *[[Template:Location map+/overlay]], an example using the ''overlay_image'' parameter ;Location map templates *[[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine (9) markers and labels *[[Template:Location map+]], to display unlimited number of markers and labels ;Other templates *[[Template:Annotated image]], allows text notes to overlap image, allows cropping *[[Template:Overlay]] - places up to thirty (30) marker images of various chooseable kinds over a base image with optional grid and legend *[[Template:Superimpose]], supports simple layer superimposition. *[[Template:Superimpose2]], to place up to fifty (50) image layers over one another ;Infoboxes incorporating Location map - any country or region {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:लोकेशन नक्सा टेम्पलेट| ]] [[Category:Map formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> sdk6t5y6glmrsy9kt906laqr3itf98u 10 24122 813782 553304 2018-10-16T07:33:15Z en>MSGJ 0 Site -> site, per request 813782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}} }} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{ifempty|{{{label|}}}|{{{name|}}} }} | position = {{ifempty|{{{label_position|}}}|none}} <!-- change default to none --> | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{ifempty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{ifempty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{ifempty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{ifempty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{ifempty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> akrfylmd1ro0i6cpt1fnchkvmjlfebr 813783 813782 2018-11-11T09:50:31Z en>Zackmann08 0 discussion 813783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template for discussion/dated|action=|page=Geobox|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2018 November 11#Template:Geobox|type=sidebar|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}} }} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{ifempty|{{{label|}}}|{{{name|}}} }} | position = {{ifempty|{{{label_position|}}}|none}} <!-- change default to none --> | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{ifempty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{ifempty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{ifempty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{ifempty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{ifempty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> pgs7xknhl72ken5m1qiomea8iore36n 813784 813783 2018-11-12T00:41:20Z en>Zackmann08 0 adding support for IUCN reference 813784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template for discussion/dated|action=|page=Geobox|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2018 November 11#Template:Geobox|type=sidebar|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{ifempty|{{{label|}}}|{{{name|}}} }} | position = {{ifempty|{{{label_position|}}}|none}} <!-- change default to none --> | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{ifempty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{ifempty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{ifempty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{ifempty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{ifempty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> ow2zej4awb7hb81rg383h3odqj4zoq9 813785 813784 2018-11-28T19:12:16Z en>UninvitedCompany 0 Removing transclusion of the Geobox deletion discussion as the message is showing up everywhere now that the discussion is closed 813785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{ifempty|{{{label|}}}|{{{name|}}} }} | position = {{ifempty|{{{label_position|}}}|none}} <!-- change default to none --> | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{ifempty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{ifempty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{ifempty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{ifempty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{ifempty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> l7w0x588bug17nwnppjezi9hxrhtoh6 813786 813785 2019-05-22T05:48:49Z en>Hike395 0 fix missing label issue 813786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{ifempty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{ifempty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{ifempty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{ifempty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{ifempty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> qaifcn6ve9wlw667sjzq88ffz5xiafv 813787 813786 2019-10-10T21:37:59Z en>Frietjes 0 813787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> nrz242dvhdklmu8qbdhuiuy7cw4yngl 813788 813787 2020-06-26T20:33:32Z en>JHunterJ 0 allow AlternativeMap to be used in location map 813788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = Named for |data13 = {{{named_for|}}} |label14 = Visitors |data14 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label15 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data15 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label16 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data16 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data17 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header18 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header19 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 2cb2wxk0yatyxhv4riyphjwlfmvqbvj 813789 813788 2022-08-13T02:52:07Z en>Paine Ellsworth 0 per edit request on talk page - include "disestablished" parameter to prevent "established" parameter hacks 813789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} |image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} |caption1 = {{{photo_caption|}}} |image2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption2 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 5aqwcbdhb3h4gxn6x8ksb4kphqct4z0 813790 813789 2024-02-25T02:57:18Z en>SWinxy 0 Add logo parameters (per edit req) 813790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> f0i83qzqlyfumk33gi75wn9231kgg48 813791 813790 2024-03-12T18:27:19Z en>Jonesey95 0 add standard module parameter for embedding 813791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> jqe5reunmlrr3cb4s87ev6puzjr7zzk 813792 813791 2024-11-04T10:56:16Z en>Joy 0 add mapframe support, on by default only if no other maps present ([[Wikipedia:Mapframe maps in infoboxes]]) 813792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}|no|yes}} }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe|autocaption}} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 15z3sylbc9eqxf1z8xalz4av0mlxon1 813793 813792 2024-11-04T11:08:12Z en>Joy 0 set natural as the default mapframe icon marker, as that seems to be the most common use case here 813793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = {{{mapframe-marker|natural}}} }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe|autocaption}} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:landmark|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> hlnhkssf6w7z1r4wxhdbqup589dgio1 813794 813793 2024-11-04T11:20:14Z en>Joy 0 set mapframe-zoom using {{map zoom}}, but the geohack type here is unclear, could be a number of them from https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/GeoHack - so allow a new parameter to set it, while using 'landmark' as a vaguely safe default, as we did with coordinates 813794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = {{{mapframe-marker|natural}}} |mapframe-zoom = {{Map zoom |type={{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}}|<!-- -->length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->}} }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe|autocaption}} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> tmoga4r1ax7cx5wrsv3c7l034047krq 813795 813794 2024-11-08T04:20:07Z en>Hike395 0 use infobox mapframe parameters directly 813795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = {{{mapframe-marker|natural}}} |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe|autocaption}} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 9nx8arupykbtiuy1rnvb6n0cm0x6ds8 813796 813795 2025-03-23T22:04:28Z en>Joy 0 set mapframe colors to green 813796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = {{{mapframe-marker|natural}}} |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = {{{mapframe-stroke-color|#008000}}} |mapframe-shape-fill = {{{mapframe-shape-fill|#5CE65C}}} }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe|autocaption}} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 44ddk9bwszpti6lhgc7s9diyz6nzl2e 813797 813796 2025-03-23T22:13:15Z en>Joy 0 marker color can also be green 813797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = {{{mapframe-marker|natural}}} |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = {{{mapframe-stroke-color|#008000}}} |mapframe-shape-fill = {{{mapframe-shape-fill|#5CE65C}}} |mapframe-marker-color = {{{mapframe-marker-color|#62AB22}}} }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe|autocaption}} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 7ntal1euwbyi0ho0gdwhkt9m4d8hq22 813798 813797 2025-09-01T14:01:56Z en>Hike395 0 handle default mapframe params correctly, use default size that matches location map, turn off mapframe on embedding, correct display of autocaption 813798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = natural |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 |mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C |mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 |mapframe-frame-width = 284 |mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autocaption |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 6axhxkbfnfxs1fklxpspq7rrlikn646 813799 813798 2025-10-06T06:11:25Z en>Zackmann08 0 every other template uses {{{image}}} and {{{caption}}} they should at least be options here... 813799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = natural |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 |mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C |mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 |mapframe-frame-width = 284 |mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autocaption |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | caption | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> lsv1rsms6wek8qd0pyado1ycerp59t9 813800 813799 2025-10-06T06:12:43Z en>Zackmann08 0 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contribs/Zackmann08|Zackmann08]] ([[User talk:Zackmann08|talk]]) to last version by Hike395 813800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = natural |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 |mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C |mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 |mapframe-frame-width = 284 |mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autocaption |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | logo | logo_upright | logo_alt | logo_caption | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom | geohack-type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 6axhxkbfnfxs1fklxpspq7rrlikn646 813801 813800 2025-10-09T22:29:25Z en>Zackmann08 0 Updating unknown parameter tracking through [[User:Zackmann08/AddCheckForUnknownParameters.js|AddCheckForUnknownParameters]] using [[Module:check for unknown parameters]]. Note that mapframe args are now included automatically via mapframe_args=y 813801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|}}}|size={{{photo_width|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = natural |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 |mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C |mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 |mapframe-frame-width = 284 |mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autocaption |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image_map | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> kqg7680gktkivk7r9u5gt0kywtkrhp4 813802 813801 2025-10-19T06:08:38Z en>Zackmann08 0 adding common alias for photo params (image, image_caption, image_size & image_alt). Photo params will still work just fine. 813802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = natural |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 |mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C |mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 |mapframe-frame-width = 284 |mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autocaption |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> swzemwiqwp0hp1wgs82qygocy7tddaj 813803 813802 2025-10-19T06:12:09Z en>Zackmann08 0 Add clobbered parameters check ([[:Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters]]) 813803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |auto |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-marker = natural |mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} |mapframe-area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|mapframe-area_km2={{{area_km2|}}} |mapframe-area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|mapframe-area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} |mapframe-length_km={{{length_km|}}}|mapframe-length_mi={{{length_mi|}}} |mapframe-width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}} |mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 |mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C |mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 |mapframe-frame-width = 284 |mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autocaption |onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = Infobox protected area | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> k5jbhs01pux9bwd16emulap4r7i9c34 813804 813803 2025-10-20T14:45:54Z en>Joy 0 consistently name mapframe-width_mi, format list consistently 813804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | auto | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autocaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = Infobox protected area | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> n5y61lqlj2leoln8eq3i9fisochcgjd 813805 813804 2025-11-12T06:01:07Z en>Zackmann08 0 increasing readability of map with details by thinner line 813805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | auto | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autocaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = Infobox protected area | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 69gycl08g1wffw5kdx3cp6sgiq198th 813806 813805 2025-11-13T04:06:05Z en>Zackmann08 0 default to pulling map shape from wikidata 813806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = <includeonly>{{{name}}}</includeonly> |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | auto | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} | caption4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autocaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = Infobox protected area | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> butpd53edgbrgrxf6le1cxsbgni6ij8 813807 813806 2025-11-21T00:05:14Z en>Zackmann08 0 Converting [[Module:Infobox mapframe]] call to use newly improved function. See [[Template_talk:Infobox_mapframe#Weird_preview_%22bug%22?|this thread]] for details on the change. 813807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = Infobox protected area | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> a6dek4vil96haazz1mc6o0anqqtrrgd 813808 813807 2025-12-28T03:45:02Z en>Zackmann08 0 Module has been renamed 813808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{photo|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{photo_width|{{{image_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{photo_alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{{photo_caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|{{{map_width|}}}}}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{{geohack-type|landmark}}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|{{{coords|}}}}}}|type:{{{geohack-type|landmark}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation_avg}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | nested = 1 | template = Infobox protected area | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 05gbotww2xbwr9ivst8mxjgg1rfuyx6 813809 813808 2026-01-09T07:12:44Z en>Zackmann08 0 Improving nested param logic using [[User:Zackmann08/scripts/unnest.js|unnest]]; Updating conflicting parameter tracking through [[:Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters]] using [[User:Zackmann08/scripts/AddCheckForConflictingParameters.js|AddCheckForConflictingParameters]] using [[Module:check for conflicting parameters]] 813809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | map_alt; name | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | authorized; created; established; designated | governing_body; administrator; operator; owner | embedded1; embedded; module }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 9feixpt78x7zziev9o2mmqv9lqkizr5 813810 813809 2026-01-09T07:13:51Z en>Zackmann08 0 dumb typo 813810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | authorized; created; established; designated | governing_body; administrator; operator; owner | embedded1; embedded; module }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 72usctoktha9be1adfldrazbql7a0nc 813811 813810 2026-02-22T00:35:29Z en>Zackmann08 0 Adding deprecated parameter tracking through [[:Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters]] using [[User:Zackmann08/scripts/AddCheckForDeprecatedParameters.js|AddCheckForDeprecatedParameters]] and [[Module:check for deprecated parameters]] 813811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |data20 = {{if empty|{{{embedded2|}}}|{{{module2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | authorized; created; established; designated | governing_body; administrator; operator; owner | embedded1; embedded; module }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | photo = image | photo_width = image_size | photo_alt = image_alt | photo_caption = image_caption | map_size = map_width | mapsize = map_width | coords = coordinates | map_image = image_map | embedded1 = module | embedded = module | embedded2 = module2 }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> bu5sqyuxbj85eha6evpxjwonv4w3ini 813812 813811 2026-02-22T00:35:39Z en>Zackmann08 0 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1339718402|1339718402]] by [[Special:Contributions/Zackmann08|Zackmann08]] ([[User talk:Zackmann08|talk]]) 813812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |header19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |header20 = {{{embedded2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | authorized; created; established; designated | governing_body; administrator; operator; owner | embedded1; embedded; module }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 72usctoktha9be1adfldrazbql7a0nc 813813 813812 2026-02-22T00:36:14Z en>Zackmann08 0 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1339718435|1339718435]] by [[Special:Contributions/Zackmann08|Zackmann08]] ([[User talk:Zackmann08|talk]]) accidental revert 813813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = {{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|Governing&nbsp;body | {{#if:{{{administrator|}}}|Administrator | {{#if:{{{operator|}}}|Operator | {{#if:{{{owner|}}}|Owner }}}}}}}} |data16 = {{if empty|{{{governing_body|}}}|{{{administrator|}}}|{{{operator|}}}|{{{owner|}}} }} |label17 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data17 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data18 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data19 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |data20 = {{if empty|{{{embedded2|}}}|{{{module2|}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | authorized; created; established; designated | governing_body; administrator; operator; owner | embedded1; embedded; module }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | photo = image | photo_width = image_size | photo_alt = image_alt | photo_caption = image_caption | map_size = map_width | mapsize = map_width | coords = coordinates | map_image = image_map | embedded1 = module | embedded = module | embedded2 = module2 }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> lx53umgjrwf5dgihqcj372kkph2igm4 813814 813813 2026-02-22T00:44:53Z en>Zackmann08 0 Given the number of pages in [[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters]], these need not be mutually exclusive parameters. 813814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |rowclass12 = note |label12 = {{#if:{{{authorized|}}}|Authorized | {{#if:{{{created|}}}|Created | {{#if:{{{established|}}}|Established | {{#if:{{{designated|}}}|Designated }}}}}}}} |data12 = {{if empty|{{{authorized|}}}|{{{created|}}}|{{{established|}}}|{{{designated|}}} }} |label13 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data13 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label14 = Named for |data14 = {{{named_for|}}} |label15 = Visitors |data15 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label16 = Governing&nbsp;body |data16 = {{{governing_body|}}} |label17 = Operator |data17 = {{{operator|}}} |label18 = Owner |data18 = {{{owner|}}} |label19 = Administrator |data19 = {{{administrator|}}} |label20 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data20 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label21 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data21 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data22 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |data23 = {{if empty|{{{embedded2|}}}|{{{module2|}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | authorized; created; established; designated | embedded1; embedded; module }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | photo = image | photo_width = image_size | photo_alt = image_alt | photo_caption = image_caption | map_size = map_width | mapsize = map_width | coords = coordinates | map_image = image_map | embedded1 = module | embedded = module | embedded2 = module2 }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 3rhq5z3ru9d9c4tbpjgju6tlrb9276a 813815 813814 2026-02-22T01:01:01Z en>Zackmann08 0 Again, no reason for these to be mutually exclusive parameters. 813815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |label12 = Authorized |data12 = {{{authorized|}}} |label13 = Created |data13 = {{{created|}}} |label14 = Established |data14 = {{{established|}}} |label15 = Designated |data15 = {{{designated|}}} |label16 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label17 = Named for |data17 = {{{named_for|}}} |label18 = Visitors |data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label19 = Governing&nbsp;body |data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} |label20 = Operator |data20 = {{{operator|}}} |label21 = Owner |data21 = {{{owner|}}} |label22 = Administrator |data22 = {{{administrator|}}} |label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data25 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |data26 = {{if empty|{{{embedded2|}}}|{{{module2|}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | embedded1; embedded; module }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | photo = image | photo_width = image_size | photo_alt = image_alt | photo_caption = image_caption | map_size = map_width | mapsize = map_width | coords = coordinates | map_image = image_map | embedded1 = module | embedded = module | embedded2 = module2 }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> bp8ixwk1ytracq52vqnra39uddg9dsu 813816 813815 2026-02-23T05:48:10Z en>Zackmann08 0 So I screwed that up.... 813816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |label12 = Authorized |data12 = {{{authorized|}}} |label13 = Created |data13 = {{{created|}}} |label14 = Established |data14 = {{{established|}}} |label15 = Designated |data15 = {{{designated|}}} |label16 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label17 = Named for |data17 = {{{named_for|}}} |label18 = Visitors |data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label19 = Governing&nbsp;body |data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} |label20 = Operator |data20 = {{{operator|}}} |label21 = Owner |data21 = {{{owner|}}} |label22 = Administrator |data22 = {{{administrator|}}} |label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data25 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |data26 = {{if empty|{{{embedded2|}}}|{{{module2|}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | embedded1; embedded; module }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | photo = image | photo_width = image_size | photo_alt = image_alt | photo_caption = image_caption | map_width = mapsize | map_size = mapsize | coords = coordinates | map_image = image_map | embedded1 = module | embedded = module | embedded2 = module2 }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 3miwc0s7a5v7620ye54btv4qnagarih 813817 813816 2026-02-23T05:48:34Z en>Zackmann08 0 Just not going to do this one. 813817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{photo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{photo_width|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{if empty|{{{photo_alt|}}}|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}} | caption2 = {{if empty|{{{photo_caption|}}}|{{{image_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{map_image|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_image|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{{coords|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{coords|}}}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |label12 = Authorized |data12 = {{{authorized|}}} |label13 = Created |data13 = {{{created|}}} |label14 = Established |data14 = {{{established|}}} |label15 = Designated |data15 = {{{designated|}}} |label16 = {{#if:{{{disestablished|}}}|Disestablished}} |data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label17 = Named for |data17 = {{{named_for|}}} |label18 = Visitors |data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label19 = Governing&nbsp;body |data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} |label20 = Operator |data20 = {{{operator|}}} |label21 = Owner |data21 = {{{owner|}}} |label22 = Administrator |data22 = {{{administrator|}}} |label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Website}} |data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data25 = {{if empty|{{{embedded1|}}}|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{module|}}} }} |data26 = {{if empty|{{{embedded2|}}}|{{{module2|}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | embedded | embedded1 | embedded2 | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | photo | photo_alt | photo_caption | photo_width | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | photo; image | photo_width; image_size | photo_alt; image_alt | photo_caption; image_caption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | embedded1; embedded; module }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | photo = image | photo_width = image_size | photo_alt = image_alt | photo_caption = image_caption | coords = coordinates | map_image = image_map | embedded1 = module | embedded = module | embedded2 = module2 }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> j77cwld89m103hy173aheuzs6jp498c 813818 813817 2026-02-25T05:01:14Z en>Zackmann08 0 Removing deprecated parameters that have been removed from transclusions. 813818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} | {{location map|{{{map|}}} | border = infobox | float = center | width = {{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 | AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | relief = {{{relief|}}} | label = {{{label|}}} | position = {{{label_position|}}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} | alt = {{if empty|{{{map_alt|}}}|Map showing the location of {{{name|}}} }} | mark = {{{mark|}}} | marksize = {{{marker_size|}}} | coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}} }} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} }} | caption3 = {{#if:{{{map|}}} || {{{map_caption|}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} |rowclass1 = locality |label1 = Location |data1 = {{{location|}}} |rowclass2 = note |label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} |data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} |label3 = Coordinates |data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} |label4 = Length |data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label5 = Width |data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} |label6 = Area |data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} |label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} |data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} |label8 = Max. elevation |data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} |label9 = Min. elevation |data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} |label10 = Dimensions |data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} |label11 = Designation |data11 = {{{designation|}}} |label12 = Authorized |data12 = {{{authorized|}}} |label13 = Created |data13 = {{{created|}}} |label14 = Established |data14 = {{{established|}}} |label15 = Designated |data15 = {{{designated|}}} |label16 = Disestablished |data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} |label17 = Named for |data17 = {{{named_for|}}} |label18 = Visitors |data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} |label19 = Governing&nbsp;body |data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} |label20 = Operator |data20 = {{{operator|}}} |label21 = Owner |data21 = {{{owner|}}} |label22 = Administrator |data22 = {{{administrator|}}} |label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site |data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} |label24 = Website |data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} |data25 = {{{module|}}} |data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | map_size; mapsize; map_width | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | website; url }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> dpv6anz0epon2tshpfu6zqhzxjmwh5t 813819 813818 2026-07-05T02:07:48Z en>Zackmann08 0 initiating deprecation of parameters per talk page 813819 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_map = {{if empty|{{{map|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}} | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{relief|}}}|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}}} | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{label|}}}|{{{pushpin_label|}}}}} | pushpin_label_position = {{if empty|{{{label_position|}}}|{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}}} | pushpin_mark = {{if empty|{{{mark|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark|}}}}} | pushpin_mark_size = {{if empty|{{{marksize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark_size|}}}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| administrator | alt_name | AlternativeMap | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | map_size; mapsize; map_width | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | website; url }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | map = pushpin_map | relief = pushpin_relief | label = pushpin_label | label_position = pushpin_label_position | mark = pushpin_mark | marksize = pushpin_mark_size | mapsize = map_size | map_width = map_size | url = website }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 04f9y5gcdhmb5tgy1u4cc427nulswwa 813820 813819 2026-07-05T02:11:08Z en>Zackmann08 0 typos galore 813820 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_map = {{if empty|{{{map|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}} | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{relief|}}}|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}}} | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{label|}}}|{{{pushpin_label|}}}}} | pushpin_label_position = {{if empty|{{{label_position|}}}|{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}}} | pushpin_mark = {{if empty|{{{mark|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark|}}}}} | pushpin_mark_size = {{if empty|{{{marker_size|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark_size|}}}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | map_size; mapsize; map_width | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | website; url }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | map = pushpin_map | relief = pushpin_relief | label = pushpin_label | label_position = pushpin_label_position | mark = pushpin_mark | marker_size = pushpin_mark_size | mapsize = map_size | map_width = map_size | url = website }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> bp4e8ynprcf3gujz0e6xxlrfpppnxhy 813821 813820 2026-07-05T02:17:26Z en>Zackmann08 0 default to relief map 813821 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_map = {{if empty|{{{map|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}} | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{relief|}}}|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}|1}} | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{label|}}}|{{{pushpin_label|}}}}} | pushpin_label_position = {{if empty|{{{label_position|}}}|{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}}} | pushpin_mark = {{if empty|{{{mark|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark|}}}}} | pushpin_mark_size = {{if empty|{{{marker_size|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark_size|}}}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | map_size; mapsize; map_width | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | website; url }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | map = pushpin_map | relief = pushpin_relief | label = pushpin_label | label_position = pushpin_label_position | mark = pushpin_mark | marker_size = pushpin_mark_size | mapsize = map_size | map_width = map_size | url = website }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 6u7jvxi1v3tutnfj8wcwjped80fx8cf 813822 813821 2026-07-05T02:27:58Z en>Zackmann08 0 missing check 813822 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_map = {{if empty|{{{map|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}} | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{relief|}}}|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}|1}} | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{label|}}}|{{{pushpin_label|}}}}} | pushpin_label_position = {{if empty|{{{label_position|}}}|{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}}} | pushpin_mark = {{if empty|{{{mark|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark|}}}}} | pushpin_mark_size = {{if empty|{{{marker_size|}}}|{{{pushpin_mark_size|}}}}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} | {{{website|}}} | {{#if:{{{url|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{url}}}|^https?:[^ ]*$|plain=false}} | {{URL|1={{{url|}}}}} | {{{url}}} }} }} }} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | label | label_position | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | marker_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | relief | url | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | map_size; mapsize; map_width | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation | website; url }}{{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | map = pushpin_map | relief = pushpin_relief | label = pushpin_label | label_position = pushpin_label_position | mark = pushpin_mark | marker_size = pushpin_mark_size | mapsize = map_size | map_width = map_size | url = website }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> l7metim8eow1nslpa5of6xlsuci3n8y 813823 813822 2026-07-07T15:52:00Z en>Zackmann08 0 removing support for deprecated parameters that have been cleaned. 813823 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}|1}} }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{{website|}}} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> h9crjwzxxqeqmj2gv99pcx2gbakggv0 813824 813823 2026-07-14T01:43:38Z en>Hike395 0 restore default and max width on map 813824 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}|1}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{{website|}}} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> ggrbv89cpt28x5so21ajwol2zfwqp7f 813825 813824 2026-11-06T12:36:36Z SM7 3953 43 revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_protected_area]] 813824 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox |bodyclass = vcard |subheaderstyle = font-size: 100%; |child = {{{child|}}} |aboveclass = fn org |above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |subheader1 = {{{alt_name|}}} |subheader2 = {{IUCN banner|{{{iucn_category|}}}|{{{iucn_ref|}}}}} | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image_caption|}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_relief = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}|1}} | default_width = 284 | max_width = 300 }} | image4 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|maxsize=300px|sizedefault=284px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption4 = {{{map_caption|}}} | image5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{child|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-type = {{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}} | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_sqmi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_acre|}}} | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Location | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = {{#if:{{{nearest_city|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;city | {{#if:{{{nearest_town|}}}|Nearest&nbsp;town }}}} | data2 = {{if empty|{{{nearest_city|}}}|{{{nearest_town|}}}}} | label3 = Coordinates | data3 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|type:{{if empty|{{{geohack-type|}}}|landmark}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}<!-- -->{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!--- -->dim:{{Infobox dim|length_km={{{length_km|}}}|length_mi={{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->width_km={{{width_km|}}}|width_mi={{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->area_km2={{{area_km2|}}}|area_mi2={{{area_sqmi|}}}|<!-- -->area_ha={{{area_ha|}}}|area_acre={{{area_acre|}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}{{{coords_ref|}}}|}} | label4 = Length | data4 = {{#if:{{{length|}}}|{{{length}}}|{{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label5 = Width | data5 = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|{{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{width_km|}}}|km|{{{width_mi|}}}|mi}} }} }} | label6 = Area | data6 = {{#switch: 1 | {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sqmi|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sqmi|}}}|sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_acre|}}}|R}} > 988}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_acre}}}|acres||km2}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#expr: {{formatnum:{{{area_ha|}}}|R}} > 1036}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha}}}|ha||sqmi}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}|1|0}} = {{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre}}{{{area_ref|}}} | {{#if:{{{area|}}}|1|0}} = {{{area|}}}{{{area_ref|}}} }} | label7 = {{#if:{{{elevation_avg|}}}|Average elevation|Elevation}} | data7 = {{if empty|{{{elevation_avg|}}}|{{{elevation|}}}}} | label8 = Max. elevation | data8 = {{{elevation_max|}}} | label9 = Min. elevation | data9 = {{{elevation_min|}}} | label10 = Dimensions | data10 = {{{dimensions|}}} | label11 = Designation | data11 = {{{designation|}}} | label12 = Authorized | data12 = {{{authorized|}}} | label13 = Created | data13 = {{{created|}}} | label14 = Established | data14 = {{{established|}}} | label15 = Designated | data15 = {{{designated|}}} | label16 = Disestablished | data16 = {{{disestablished|}}} | label17 = Named for | data17 = {{{named_for|}}} | label18 = Visitors | data18 = {{#if:{{{visitation_num|}}}|{{{visitation_num|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_year|}}}|{{sp}}(in&nbsp;{{{visitation_year|}}}) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{visitation_ref|}}}|{{{visitation_ref|}}}}} }} | label19 = Governing&nbsp;body | data19 = {{{governing_body|}}} | label20 = Operator | data20 = {{{operator|}}} | label21 = Owner | data21 = {{{owner|}}} | label22 = Administrator | data22 = {{{administrator|}}} | label23 = World&nbsp;Heritage site | data23 = {{{world_heritage_site|}}} | label24 = Website | data24 = {{{website|}}} | data25 = {{{module|}}} | data26 = {{{module2|}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox protected area with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox protected area]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| administrator | alt_name | area | area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_ref | area_sqmi | authorized | child | coordinates | coords_ref | created | designated | designation | dimensions | disestablished | elevation | elevation_avg | elevation_max | elevation_min | established | geohack-type | governing_body | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_map | image_size | iucn_category | iucn_ref | length | length_km | length_mi | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | module | module2 | name | named_for | nearest_city | nearest_town | operator | owner | visitation_num | visitation_ref | visitation_year | website | width | width_km | width_mi | world_heritage_site }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox protected area]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox protected area with conflicting parameters}} | nearest_city; nearest_town | elevation_avg; elevation }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> ggrbv89cpt28x5so21ajwol2zfwqp7f 10 24123 813826 603172 2026-10-29T22:44:09Z en>Zackmann08 0 A few more 813826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Wikidata|Module:Infobox mapframe}} This template can be used to generate an infobox for a protected area. It is part of the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas|Protected areas WikiProject]]. == Usage == The "basic usage" templates includes selected parameters which can be used to form a completely functional infobox. The "full usage" template includes all of the extra parameters which may be added. Either can be pasted into a new article. See [[#Examples|below]] for working examples. {{Parameter names example | name | alt_name | iucn_category | logo | logo_caption | logo_upright | logo_alt | image | image_size | image_alt | image_caption | pushpin_map=Earth | pushpin_caption | coordinates={{coord|0|0|type:landmark|display=inline}} | coords_ref | location | nearest_city | length | width | area | area_ref | elevation = {{{elevation}}} ''or''<br>{{{elevation_avg}}}, {{{elevation_min}}}, {{{elevation_max}}} | dimensions | designation | authorized | created | established | designated | disestablished | named_for | visitation_num | visitation_year | visitation_ref | governing_body | administrator | operator | owner | world_heritage_site | website | module | module2 }} {| ! Basic usage ! Full usage |- style="vertical-align:top;" |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = | alt_name = | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | logo = | logo_alt = | logo_upright = | logo_caption = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- or | map_image = --> | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_alt = | pushpin_caption = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | mapframe = <!-- "yes" to show an interactive map --> | location = | nearest_city = <!-- or | nearest_town --> | coordinates = | coords_ref = | area_ha = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = | disestablished = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = | owner = | world_heritage_site = | website = | module = }}</syntaxhighlight> |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area |name = |alt_name = |iucn_category = |iucn_ref = |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_upright = |logo_caption = |image = |image_size = |image_alt = |image_caption = |pushpin_map = <!-- or | map_image = --> |pushpin_map_size = |pushpin_alt = |pushpin_caption = |pushpin_relief = |pushpin_label = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mark = |pushpin_mark_size = |mapframe = <!-- "yes" to show an interactive map --> |location = |nearest_city = <!-- or |nearest_town --> |nearest_town = <!-- Do not use both --> |coordinates = |coords_ref = |length = |length_mi = |length_km = |width = |width_mi = |width_km = |area = |area_ha = |area_acre = |area_km2 = |area_sqmi = |area_ref = |elevation = |elevation_avg = |elevation_min = |elevation_max = |dimensions = |designation = |authorized = |created = |designated = |established = |disestablished = |named_for = |visitation_num = |visitation_year = |visitation_ref = |governing_body = |administrator = |operator = |owner = |world_heritage_site = |website = |url = |child = |module = |module2 = }}</syntaxhighlight> |} {{clear}} == Parameter descriptions == This table describes all parameters which can be used in building infoboxes. Only the <code>name</code> parameter must be assigned a value. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 97%;" ! style="width: 14%" | Field name || Description |- | <code>name</code> || Required. The official name of the protected area. It will be displayed at the top of the infobox. In most cases this should be the same as the article name less any disambiguation. For example if the article title is [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)]] then <code>name=Mount Washington</code>. |- | <code>alt_name</code> || If there is a common English name for the area use for the <code>name</code> parameter. This parameter can be used to display the name in the local language or for an alternate English name if it is commonly used. If you would like to italicize the text use wiki markup. |- | <code>iucn_category</code> || Strongly recommended. The [[World Commission on Protected Areas#IUCN Categories of Protected Area|IUCN]] category associated with the protected area. Valid values are Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, or VI. See [[#IUCN Categories|IUCN Categories]]. |- | <code>iucn_ref</code> || A reference for the iucn_category. |- | <code>logo</code> || The logo of the area. |- | <code>logo_upright</code> || The upright value of the logo. |- | <code>logo_alt</code> || The logo alt text. See [[WP:ALT]]. |- | <code>logo_caption</code> || The caption that will appear below the logo. |- | <code>image</code> || The name of an image file to be displayed. No special formatting is needed. |- | <code>image_size</code> || Can be used to change the display width the image. The default and maximum value is 284px. Images with a horizontal orientation (landscape mode) will generally display well at the default setting. An image with vertical orientation (portrait mode) may need to be adjusted to 180px or 220px. For example <code>image_size=200</code> and not <code>image_size=200px</code>. |- | <code>image_alt</code> || Alt text for the image, for visually impaired readers. See [[WP:ALT]]. |- | <code>image_caption</code> || The caption which will appear below the image if one is required. |- | <code>map</code> || The name of the [[Template:location map|location map]] to be displayed. See [[#Map display methods|Map display methods]]. To use a static image, use {{para|map_image}} |- | <code>pushpin_map</code> || The file name of a static map image to be displayed. |- | <code>pushpin_map_size</code> || Width to display the map image in pixels. The default and maximum is 284, but usually the map should be much smaller. For example: <code>pushpin_map_size=200</code> (not <code>pushpin_map_size=200px</code>). If a [[Template:Location map|location map]] template is used the map size might be scaled automatically if no width is specified. |- | <code>pushpin_alt</code> || Alternative text for the map image, see [[WP:ALT]]. |- | <code>pushpin_caption</code> || Text to be displayed below the map image, if required. |- | <code>pushpin_relief</code> || When the geographical coordinates method is used (see [[#Map display methods|Map display methods]]), any non-blank value (<code>yes</code>, <code>1</code>, etc.) will cause the template to display a [[relief mapping (computer graphics)|relief map]] image, where available. For additional information, see [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]]. |- | <code>pushpin_label</code> || A text message that will be displayed next to the marker. Works with <code>label_position</code> below. |- | <code>pushpin_label_position</code> || Specifies the position of a label with respect to the marker. This is not functional when using the XY method for map display. It must be assigned a value or no label will not display. Valid values are <code>left</code>, <code>right</code>, <code>top</code> and <code>bottom</code>. See <code>label</code> above. |- | <code>pushpin_mark</code> || The image to use for the marker. The default is [[:File:Red pog.svg|Red pog.svg]], unless <code>map=us locator blank.svg</code> in which case the default is [[:File:Green pog.svg|Green pog.svg]]. See [[Template:Location map]] for more information. |- | <code>pushpin_mark_size</code> || The display width of the marker image in pixels. The default value is 8. |- | <code>mapframe</code> || Add a {{tl|infobox mapframe}} map. See the documentation below in [[#Mapframe maps]] for more details on usage. |- | <code>location</code> || The location of the protected area. Don't be too precise. County, state and country are good in the USA. If the area is within a city specify the city, state and country. If the area is in multiple counties just list the state and country. For areas in other countries adjust accordingly. |- | <code>nearest_city</code><br /><code>nearest_town</code> || Recommended if the area is not within a city or town. It could be a city with a major airport or a large gateway town where supplies and lodging are available. Use the most appropriate parameter (do not use both). |- | <code>coordinates</code><br /><code>coords</code> || For the {{tl|coord}} template. The parameters {{para|format|dms}} and {{para|display|inline,title}} are recommended. Its coordinates can be used with the location map. (Unless a value for <code>type:</code> is provided, the template will automatically use <code>type:landmark</code>, or something that is set as <code>geohack-type</code>. See the {{tl|Coord}} page for more info.) |- | <code>coords_ref</code> || Can be used with either coordinate display method above. Strongly recommended. Specify a citation for the coordinates using {{nowrap| <code><nowiki><ref>...</ref></nowiki></code>}} tags. |- | <code>geohack-type</code> || Set the geohack type parameter for use with coordinates and mapframes. Defaults to 'landmark'. See [[Template:Coord#type:T]] for more information. |- | <code>length</code> || Length of protected area, e.g., length of a trail. The {{tl|Convert}} template should be used. |- | <code>length_km</code><br /><code>length_mi</code> || Length of protected area, with automatic conversion to metric/imperial units. |- | <code>width</code> || Width of protected area. Can be used with {{para|length}} to describe rough shape. The {{tl|Convert}} template should be used. |- | <code>width_km</code><br /><code>width_mi</code> || Width of protected area, with automatic conversion to metric/imperial units. |- | <code>area</code> || Area of the protected area. Usually in acres or square miles for US locations and hectares or square kilometres elsewhere. The {{tl|Convert}} template should be used. Very small areas might be specified in square feet, square yards or square metres. |- | <code>area_km2</code><br /><code>area_sqmi</code><br /><code>area_acre</code><br /><code>area_ha</code> || Area of the protected area, with automatic conversion to metric/imperial units. Preferred to using bare {{para|area}} |- | <code>area_ref</code> || Reference to reliable source for area value. |- | <code>elevation</code> || Elevation of the protected area. |- | <code>dimensions</code> || Dimensions of the protected area. |- | <code>designation</code> || The legal protection offered to the park. |- | <code>authorized</code><br /><code>created</code><br /><code>designated</code><br /><code>established</code> || The date the protected area was created. See [[#Alternate parameters|below]]. Use {{tl|Start date}}. For example, for Yosemite National Park, use <nowiki>{{Start date|1890|10|1}}</nowiki>. |- | <code>disestablished</code> || The date when the area became no longer protected, if any. |- | <code>named_for</code> || |- | <code>visitation_num</code> || The number of visitors in a recent year if known. |- | <code>visitation_year</code> || The year during which the number of visitors was counted. |- | <code>visitation_ref</code> || Used with the visitation parameters above. Highly recommended. Specify the a citation for the visitation data using {{nowrap| <code><nowiki><ref>...</ref></nowiki></code>}} tags. |- | <code>governing_body</code><br /><code>administrator</code><br /><code>operator</code><br /><code>owner</code> || The agency or organization which controls or owns the protected area. See [[#Alternate parameters|below]]. |- | <code>world_heritage_site</code> || The year the protected area was designated a [[World Heritage Site]]. Few areas have this designation. If the article uses {{tl|Infobox World Heritage Site}} then this parameter should not be used. |- | <code>website</code> || The official website using either {{tl|Url}} or {{tl|Official website}} |- | <code>child</code> || Set to "yes" if this infobox is embedded inside another infobox. |- | <code>module</code> || Another infobox to place within this infobox. It will show up at the bottom. It needs to have its "embed" or "child" parameter set to 1 or yes, as appropriate. |- | <code>module2</code> || A second embedded infobox. |} === IUCN Categories === Depending on the value of the <code>iucn_category</code> parameter, one of the following banners will be displayed below the name. Valid values are Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V and VI. For more information read the [[IUCN protected area categories]] article. If you cannot find the correct code in a [[WP:SOURCE|reliable source]], leave blank. {| style="border:1px solid gray; width:300px; font-size: 90%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;" |- | {{IUCN banner|Ia}} |- | {{IUCN banner|Ib}} |- | {{IUCN banner|II}} |- | {{IUCN banner|III}} |- | {{IUCN banner|IV}} |- | {{IUCN banner|V}} |- | {{IUCN banner|VI}} |} === Pushpin map === {{Location map/doc/infobox parameters | pushpin_relief = 1 }} ===Mapframe maps=== {{Infobox mapframe/doc/parameters | onByDefault = yes, unless any of these parameters are present: {{para|map}}, {{para|image_map}}, {{para|map_image}}, {{para|child}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-zoom = Determined based on any of the parameters: {{para|geohack-type}}, {{para|area_sqmi}}, {{para|area_km2}}, {{para|area_ha}}, {{para|area_acre}}, {{para|length_km}}, {{para|length_mi}}, {{para|width_km}}, {{para|width_mi}}. Can be manually set by {{para|mapframe-zoom}}. | mapframe-type = {{para|geohack-type}} or landmark | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{para|area_sqmi}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{para|area_km2}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{para|area_ha}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{para|area_acre}} | mapframe-length_km = {{para|length_km}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{para|length_mi}} | mapframe-width_km = {{para|width_km}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{para|width_mi}} | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} == Examples == === With map only === {{Infobox protected area | name = Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park | iucn_category = II | pushpin_map = Australia | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[New South Wales]], Australia | nearest_city = [[Sydney]] | coordinates = {{coord|33|39|3.6|S|151|12|3.6|E|region:AU| display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | area_km2 = 154 | established = {{start date|1967|10|1}} | visitation_num = 2 million | visitation_year = 2001 | governing_body = [[NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park | iucn_category = II | pushpin_map = Australia | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[New South Wales]], Australia | nearest_city = [[Sydney]] | coordinates = {{coord|33|39|3.6|S|151|12|3.6|E|region:AU|display=inline}} | area_km2 = 154 | established = {{start date|1967|10|1}} | visitation_num = 2 million | visitation_year = 2001 | governing_body = [[NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === With imagegraph + default mapframe === {{Infobox protected area | name = Yosemite National Park | iucn_category = II | image = Tunnel View, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite NP - Diliff.jpg | image_alt = Mountain valley with sheer cliff on its left side, and a waterfall cascading into its right, with a clear blue sky above and many green trees below | image_caption = Yosemite Valley from Tunnel View | location = [[California]], United States | nearest_city = [[Mariposa, California|Mariposa]] | pushpin_mapframe-zoom = 6 | coordinates={{coord|37|43|44|N|119|35|54|W|display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | area_acre = 761266 | established = {{start date|1890|10|1}} | visitation_num = 3,280,911 | visitation_year = 2004 | governing_body = [[National Park Service]] | world_heritage_site = 1984 | website = {{url|http://www.nps.gov/yose/}} | qid = Q180402<!-- only explicitly listed in this code example, in the article it's implicit --> }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Yosemite National Park | iucn_category = II | image = Tunnel View, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite NP - Diliff.jpg | image_alt = Mountain valley with sheer cliff on its left side, and a waterfall cascading into its right, with a clear blue sky above and many green trees below | image_caption = Yosemite Valley from Tunnel View | location = [[California]], United States | nearest_city = [[Mariposa, California|Mariposa]] | mapframe-zoom = 6 | coordinates={{coord|37|43|44|N|119|35|54|W|display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | area_acre = 761266 | established = {{start date|1890|10|1}} | visitation_num = 3,280,911 | visitation_year = 2004 | governing_body = [[National Park Service]] | world_heritage_site = 1984 | website = {{url|http://www.nps.gov/yose/}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === With default mapframe only === {{Infobox protected area | name = Harz National Park | alt_name = ''Nationalparkverwaltung Harz'' | iucn_category = II | location = [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Saxony-Anhalt]], Germany | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|51|47|00|N|10|34|00|E|region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline}} | area_ha = 8900 | established = 1990, 1994, 2006 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Nationalparkverwaltung Harz | qid = Q702540<!-- only explicitly listed in the code here, at the [[Harz National Park]] it's implicit --> }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Harz National Park | alt_name = ''Nationalparkverwaltung Harz'' | iucn_category = II | location = [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Saxony-Anhalt]], Germany | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|51|47|00|N|10|34|00|E|region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline}} | area_ha = 8900 | established = 1990, 1994, 2006 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Nationalparkverwaltung Harz }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === With imagegraph and map === {{Infobox protected area | name = Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park | image = Dry Island Provincial Park2.jpg | image_alt = A green valley with a river and a road running somewhat parallel to the river | image_caption = Panoramic view | image_size = 260 | iucn_category = III | pushpin_map = Canada Alberta | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[Alberta]], Canada | nearest_city = [[Three Hills, Alberta|Three Hills]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|56|10|N|112|57|41|W| display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 34.5 | established = {{start date|1970|12|15}} | governing_body = [[Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park | image = Dry Island Provincial Park2.jpg | image_alt = A green valley with a river and a road running somewhat parallel to the river | image_caption = Panoramic view | image_size = 260 | iucn_category = III | pushpin_map = Canada Alberta | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[Alberta]], Canada | nearest_city = [[Three Hills, Alberta|Three Hills]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|56|10|N|112|57|41|W| display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 34.5 | established = {{start date|1970|12|15}} | governing_body = [[Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Map display methods == Any image of a map showing the location of the protected area can be used. === Display a marker on a map using a template and geographic coordinates === A marker can be superimposed on a map using one of a set of special map templates. To display a marker, the geographic coordinates must be specified using the {{tl|Coord}} template inside the {{para|coordinates}} parameter. See the documentation for {{tl|Location map}}. The parameters for this template map to a subset of the parameters used by {{tlf|Location map}}. A map template can be found using these sources: :[[Template:Location map/List|List of templates]] – Many of the listed items are redirects and a few templates may not function as expected. :[[:Category:Location map templates]] - templates sorted by category. :[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Location map/Info]] – a search that might help. :[[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Location map/data/]] – another search that might help. :[[Special:Prefixindex/Template:Location map]] – another search that might help. All of the names begin with the words "Location map" followed by the area covered. The value you need to specify is the area name. The map template for Canada is [[Module:Location map/data/Canada|Location map/data/Canada]]. In this case specify {{para|pushpin_map|Canada}}. {{Infobox protected area | name = Four Corners, Canada | pushpin_map = Canada | pushpin_caption = Example using geographic coordinates | coordinates = {{coord|60|N|102|W|}} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Four Corners, Canada | pushpin_map = Canada | pushpin_caption = Example using geographic coordinates | coordinates = {{coord|60|N|102|W|}} }}</syntaxhighlight> The {{tl|Coord}} template has a parameter {{para|display|inline,title}} which can be added to make the coordinates display at the top of the page as well. ==TemplateData== {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "name": { "label": "Name", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "Name of protected area" }, "alt_name": { "label": "Alternative Name", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Common name for the protected area" }, "iucn_category": { "label": "IUCN Category", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "IUCN Category associated with the protected area " }, "image": { "label": "image", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "description": "Image for the protected area" }, "image_size": { "label": "image Width", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Width of the image given by image" }, "image_alt": { "label": "image Alternative Text", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Alternative text to be displayed if image doesn't appear for any reason" }, "image_caption": { "label": "image Caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Caption for the image" }, "map": { "label": "Map", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "description": "Location map for the protected area" }, "map_image": { "label": "Map image", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "description": "Map image for the protected area" }, "map_alt": { "label": "Map Alternative Text", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Alternative text to display if the map doesn't display for whatever reasons" }, "map_caption": { "label": "Map Caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Caption for the map" }, "map_width": { "label": "Map Width", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Width of the map" }, "relief": { "label": "Relief", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "When the geographical coordinates method is used, any non-blank value will cause the template to display a relief map image" }, "location": { "label": "Location", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Location of the protected area" }, "nearest_city": { "label": "Nearest city or town", "aliases": [ "nearest_town" ], "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Nearest city from the protected area" }, "coordinates": { "label": "Coordinates", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "When this option is used the type, region, scale, source, format and display parameters are not functional but this data can be entered in the {{Coord}} template." }, "coords_ref": { "label": "Coordinates Reference", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Can be used with either coordinate display method above" }, "length": { "label": "Length", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Length of protected area" }, "width": { "label": "Width", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Width of protected area" }, "area": { "label": "Area", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Area covered by protected area" }, "established": { "label": "Established", "aliases": [ "authorized", "created", "designated" ], "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The date on which the protected area was established, authorized, created, or designated" }, "disestablished": { "label": "Disestablished", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The date on which the protected area became no longer protected" }, "visitation_num": { "label": "Visitation Number", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Number of visitors in a recent year" }, "visitation_year": { "label": "Visitation Year", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The year in which visitors were counted" }, "visitation_ref": { "label": "Visitation Reference", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Reference of visitation data in <ref > </ref>" }, "governing_body": { "label": "Governing Body", "aliases": [ "administrator", "operator", "owner" ], "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The agency or organization which controls or owns the protected area" }, "world_heritage_site": { "label": "World Heritage Site", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The year the protected area was designated a World Heritage Site" }, "website": { "label": "Website", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The official website." }, "child": { "label": "Child", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Yes if infobox is embedded inside another infobox" }, "module": { "label": "Module", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Another infobox to place within this infobox" }, "module2": { "label": "Module 2", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Another infobox to place within this infobox" }, "elevation": {}, "elevation_avg": {}, "elevation_min": {}, "elevation_max": {}, "logo": { "label": "Logo", "description": "The logo of the protected area", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "logo_alt": { "label": "Logo alt", "description": "The alt text for the logo", "type": "string" }, "logo_upright": { "label": "Logo upright", "description": "The upright value for the logo", "example": "1.2", "type": "number" }, "logo_caption": { "label": "Logo caption", "description": "The caption that goes beneath the logo", "type": "string" }, "mapframe": { "label": "Show mapframe map", "description": "Specify yes or no to show or hide the map, overriding the default", "example": "yes", "type": "string", "default": "no", "suggested": true }, "mapframe-caption": { "label": "Mapframe caption", "description": "Caption for the map. If mapframe-geomask is set, then the default is \"Location in <<geomask's label>>\"", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-custom": { "label": "Custom mapframe", "description": "Use a custom map instead of the automatic mapframe. Specify either a {{maplink}} template, or another template that generates a mapframe map, or an image name. If used, other mapframe parameters will be ignored.", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "mapframe-id": { "aliases": [ "id", "qid" ], "label": "Mapframe Wikidata item", "description": "Id (Q-number) of Wikidata item to use.", "type": "string", "default": "(item for current page)" }, "mapframe-coordinates": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-coord", "coordinates", "coord" ], "label": "Mapframe coordinates ", "description": "Coordinates to use, instead of any on Wikidata. Use the {{Coord}} template.", "example": "{{Coord|12.34|N|56.78|E}}", "type": "wiki-template-name", "default": "(coordinates from Wikidata)" }, "mapframe-wikidata": { "label": "Mapframe shapes from Wikidata", "description": "et to yes to show shape/line features from the wikidata item, if any, when coordinates are specified by parameter", "example": "yes", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-shape": { "label": "Mapframe shape feature", "description": "Override display of mapframe shape feature. Turn off by setting to \"none\". Use an inverse shape (geomask) instead of a regular shape by setting to \"inverse\"", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-point": { "label": "Mapframe point feature", "description": "Override display of mapframe point feature. Turn off display of point feature by setting to \"none\". Force point marker to be displayed by setting to \"on\"", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-geomask": { "label": "Mapframe geomask", "description": "Wikidata item to use as a geomask (everything outside the boundary is shaded darker). Can either be a specific Wikidata item (Q-number), or a property that specifies the item to use (e.g. P17 for country, or P131 for located in the administrative territorial entity)", "example": "Q100", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "mapframe-switcher": { "label": "Mapframe switcher", "description": "Set to \"auto\" or \"geomasks\" or \"zooms\" to enable Template:Switcher-style switching between multiple mapframes. IF SET TO auto – switch geomasks found in location (P276) and located in the administrative territorial entity (P131) statements on the page's Wikidata item, searching recursively. E.g. an item's city, that city's state, and that state's country. IF SET TO geomasks – switch between the geomasks specified as a comma-separated list of Wikidata items (Q-numbers) in the mapframe-geomask parameter. IF SET TO zooms – switch between \"zoomed in\"/\"zoomed midway\"/\"zoomed out\", where \"zoomed in\" is the default zoom (with a minimum of 3), \"zoomed out\" is 1, and \"zoomed midway\" is the average.", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-frame-width": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-width" ], "label": "Mapframe width", "description": "Frame width in pixels", "type": "number", "default": "270" }, "mapframe-frame-height": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-height" ], "label": "Mapframe height", "description": "Frame height in pixels", "type": "number", "default": "200" }, "mapframe-shape-fill": { "label": "Mapframe shape fill", "description": "Color used to fill shape features", "type": "string", "default": "#606060" }, "mapframe-shape-fill-opacity": { "label": "Mapframe shape fill opacity", "description": "Opacity level of shape fill, a number between 0 and 1", "type": "number", "default": "0.5" }, "mapframe-stroke-color": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-stroke-colour" ], "label": "Mapframe stroke color", "description": "Color of line features, and outlines of shape features", "type": "string", "default": "#ff0000" }, "mapframe-stroke-width": { "label": "Mapframe stroke width", "description": "Width of line features, and outlines of shape features", "type": "number", "default": "5" }, "mapframe-marker": { "label": "Mapframe marker", "description": "Marker symbol to use for coordinates; see [[mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons]] for options", "example": "museum", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-marker-color": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-marker-colour" ], "label": "Mapframe marker color", "description": "Background color for the marker", "type": "string", "default": "#5E74F3" }, "mapframe-geomask-stroke-color": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour" ], "label": "Mapframe geomask stroke color", "description": "Color of outline of geomask shape", "type": "string", "default": "#555555" }, "mapframe-geomask-stroke-width": { "label": "Mapframe geomask stroke width", "description": "Width of outline of geomask shape", "type": "number", "default": "2" }, "mapframe-geomask-fill": { "label": "Mapframe geomask fill", "description": "Color used to fill outside geomask features", "type": "string", "default": "#606060" }, "mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity": { "label": "Mapframe geomask fill opacity", "description": "Opacity level of fill outside geomask features, a number between 0 and 1", "type": "number", "default": "0.5" }, "mapframe-zoom": { "label": "Mapframe zoom", "description": "Set the zoom level, from \"1\" to \"18\", to used if the zoom level cannot be determined automatically from object length or area", "example": "12", "type": "number", "default": "10" }, "mapframe-length_km": { "label": "Mapframe length (km)", "description": "Object length in kilometres, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-length_mi": { "label": "Mapframe length (mi)", "description": "Object length in miles, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-area_km2": { "label": "Mapframe area (km^2)", "description": "Object arean square kilometres, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-area_mi2": { "label": "Mapframe area (mi^2)", "description": "Object area in square miles, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-frame-coordinates": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-frame-coord" ], "label": "Mapframe frame coordinates", "description": "Alternate latitude and longitude coordinates for initial placement of map, using {{coord}}", "example": "{{Coord|12.35|N|56.71|E}}", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "mapframe-line": {}, "iucn_ref": {}, "map_size": {}, "mapsize": {}, "AlternativeMap": {}, "label": {}, "label_position": {}, "mark": {}, "marker_size": {}, "image_map": {}, "geohack-type": {}, "area_sqmi": {}, "area_km2": {}, "area_ha": {}, "area_acre": {}, "length_km": {}, "length_mi": {}, "width_km": {}, "width_mi": {}, "area_ref": {}, "dimensions": {}, "designation": {}, "named_for": {}, "module": {} }, "format": "block", "paramOrder": [ "name", "alt_name", "iucn_category", "logo", "logo_alt", "logo_upright", "logo_caption", "image", "image_size", "image_alt", "image_caption", "map", "map_image", "map_alt", "map_caption", "map_width", "relief", "mapframe", "mapframe-caption", "mapframe-custom", "mapframe-id", "mapframe-coordinates", "mapframe-wikidata", "mapframe-point", "mapframe-shape", "mapframe-frame-width", "mapframe-frame-height", "mapframe-shape-fill", "mapframe-shape-fill-opacity", "mapframe-stroke-color", "mapframe-stroke-width", "mapframe-marker", "mapframe-marker-color", "mapframe-geomask", "mapframe-geomask-stroke-color", "mapframe-geomask-stroke-width", "mapframe-geomask-fill", "mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity", "mapframe-zoom", "mapframe-length_km", "mapframe-length_mi", "mapframe-area_km2", "mapframe-area_mi2", "mapframe-frame-coordinates", "mapframe-switcher", "mapframe-line", "location", "nearest_city", "coordinates", "coords_ref", "length", "width", "area", "established", "disestablished", "visitation_num", "visitation_year", "visitation_ref", "governing_body", "world_heritage_site", "website", "child", "module", "module2", "elevation", "elevation_avg", "elevation_min", "elevation_max", "iucn_ref", "map_size", "mapsize", "AlternativeMap", "label", "label_position", "mark", "marker_size", "image_map", "geohack-type", "area_sqmi", "area_km2", "area_ha", "area_acre", "length_km", "length_mi", "width_km", "width_mi", "area_ref", "dimensions", "designation", "named_for" ] } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Microformat == The articles created using this template include an hCard microformat. For more information read [[:Template:UF-hcard-place|this]]. == Tracking categories == {{Infobox tracking cats}} == See also == * {{tl|Infobox park}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:IUCN Protected Area infobox templates|Protected Area]] [[Category:Place infobox templates|Protected Area]] [[Category:Protected areas templates]] [[Category:Embeddable templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> px5h7hic8880qfz0x0nbi5ioyw11kau 813827 813826 2026-11-06T12:37:31Z SM7 3953 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_protected_area/doc]] 813826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Wikidata|Module:Infobox mapframe}} This template can be used to generate an infobox for a protected area. It is part of the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas|Protected areas WikiProject]]. == Usage == The "basic usage" templates includes selected parameters which can be used to form a completely functional infobox. The "full usage" template includes all of the extra parameters which may be added. Either can be pasted into a new article. See [[#Examples|below]] for working examples. {{Parameter names example | name | alt_name | iucn_category | logo | logo_caption | logo_upright | logo_alt | image | image_size | image_alt | image_caption | pushpin_map=Earth | pushpin_caption | coordinates={{coord|0|0|type:landmark|display=inline}} | coords_ref | location | nearest_city | length | width | area | area_ref | elevation = {{{elevation}}} ''or''<br>{{{elevation_avg}}}, {{{elevation_min}}}, {{{elevation_max}}} | dimensions | designation | authorized | created | established | designated | disestablished | named_for | visitation_num | visitation_year | visitation_ref | governing_body | administrator | operator | owner | world_heritage_site | website | module | module2 }} {| ! Basic usage ! Full usage |- style="vertical-align:top;" |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = | alt_name = | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | logo = | logo_alt = | logo_upright = | logo_caption = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- or | map_image = --> | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_alt = | pushpin_caption = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | mapframe = <!-- "yes" to show an interactive map --> | location = | nearest_city = <!-- or | nearest_town --> | coordinates = | coords_ref = | area_ha = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = | disestablished = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = | owner = | world_heritage_site = | website = | module = }}</syntaxhighlight> |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area |name = |alt_name = |iucn_category = |iucn_ref = |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_upright = |logo_caption = |image = |image_size = |image_alt = |image_caption = |pushpin_map = <!-- or | map_image = --> |pushpin_map_size = |pushpin_alt = |pushpin_caption = |pushpin_relief = |pushpin_label = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mark = |pushpin_mark_size = |mapframe = <!-- "yes" to show an interactive map --> |location = |nearest_city = <!-- or |nearest_town --> |nearest_town = <!-- Do not use both --> |coordinates = |coords_ref = |length = |length_mi = |length_km = |width = |width_mi = |width_km = |area = |area_ha = |area_acre = |area_km2 = |area_sqmi = |area_ref = |elevation = |elevation_avg = |elevation_min = |elevation_max = |dimensions = |designation = |authorized = |created = |designated = |established = |disestablished = |named_for = |visitation_num = |visitation_year = |visitation_ref = |governing_body = |administrator = |operator = |owner = |world_heritage_site = |website = |url = |child = |module = |module2 = }}</syntaxhighlight> |} {{clear}} == Parameter descriptions == This table describes all parameters which can be used in building infoboxes. Only the <code>name</code> parameter must be assigned a value. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 97%;" ! style="width: 14%" | Field name || Description |- | <code>name</code> || Required. The official name of the protected area. It will be displayed at the top of the infobox. In most cases this should be the same as the article name less any disambiguation. For example if the article title is [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)]] then <code>name=Mount Washington</code>. |- | <code>alt_name</code> || If there is a common English name for the area use for the <code>name</code> parameter. This parameter can be used to display the name in the local language or for an alternate English name if it is commonly used. If you would like to italicize the text use wiki markup. |- | <code>iucn_category</code> || Strongly recommended. The [[World Commission on Protected Areas#IUCN Categories of Protected Area|IUCN]] category associated with the protected area. Valid values are Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, or VI. See [[#IUCN Categories|IUCN Categories]]. |- | <code>iucn_ref</code> || A reference for the iucn_category. |- | <code>logo</code> || The logo of the area. |- | <code>logo_upright</code> || The upright value of the logo. |- | <code>logo_alt</code> || The logo alt text. See [[WP:ALT]]. |- | <code>logo_caption</code> || The caption that will appear below the logo. |- | <code>image</code> || The name of an image file to be displayed. No special formatting is needed. |- | <code>image_size</code> || Can be used to change the display width the image. The default and maximum value is 284px. Images with a horizontal orientation (landscape mode) will generally display well at the default setting. An image with vertical orientation (portrait mode) may need to be adjusted to 180px or 220px. For example <code>image_size=200</code> and not <code>image_size=200px</code>. |- | <code>image_alt</code> || Alt text for the image, for visually impaired readers. See [[WP:ALT]]. |- | <code>image_caption</code> || The caption which will appear below the image if one is required. |- | <code>map</code> || The name of the [[Template:location map|location map]] to be displayed. See [[#Map display methods|Map display methods]]. To use a static image, use {{para|map_image}} |- | <code>pushpin_map</code> || The file name of a static map image to be displayed. |- | <code>pushpin_map_size</code> || Width to display the map image in pixels. The default and maximum is 284, but usually the map should be much smaller. For example: <code>pushpin_map_size=200</code> (not <code>pushpin_map_size=200px</code>). If a [[Template:Location map|location map]] template is used the map size might be scaled automatically if no width is specified. |- | <code>pushpin_alt</code> || Alternative text for the map image, see [[WP:ALT]]. |- | <code>pushpin_caption</code> || Text to be displayed below the map image, if required. |- | <code>pushpin_relief</code> || When the geographical coordinates method is used (see [[#Map display methods|Map display methods]]), any non-blank value (<code>yes</code>, <code>1</code>, etc.) will cause the template to display a [[relief mapping (computer graphics)|relief map]] image, where available. For additional information, see [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]]. |- | <code>pushpin_label</code> || A text message that will be displayed next to the marker. Works with <code>label_position</code> below. |- | <code>pushpin_label_position</code> || Specifies the position of a label with respect to the marker. This is not functional when using the XY method for map display. It must be assigned a value or no label will not display. Valid values are <code>left</code>, <code>right</code>, <code>top</code> and <code>bottom</code>. See <code>label</code> above. |- | <code>pushpin_mark</code> || The image to use for the marker. The default is [[:File:Red pog.svg|Red pog.svg]], unless <code>map=us locator blank.svg</code> in which case the default is [[:File:Green pog.svg|Green pog.svg]]. See [[Template:Location map]] for more information. |- | <code>pushpin_mark_size</code> || The display width of the marker image in pixels. The default value is 8. |- | <code>mapframe</code> || Add a {{tl|infobox mapframe}} map. See the documentation below in [[#Mapframe maps]] for more details on usage. |- | <code>location</code> || The location of the protected area. Don't be too precise. County, state and country are good in the USA. If the area is within a city specify the city, state and country. If the area is in multiple counties just list the state and country. For areas in other countries adjust accordingly. |- | <code>nearest_city</code><br /><code>nearest_town</code> || Recommended if the area is not within a city or town. It could be a city with a major airport or a large gateway town where supplies and lodging are available. Use the most appropriate parameter (do not use both). |- | <code>coordinates</code><br /><code>coords</code> || For the {{tl|coord}} template. The parameters {{para|format|dms}} and {{para|display|inline,title}} are recommended. Its coordinates can be used with the location map. (Unless a value for <code>type:</code> is provided, the template will automatically use <code>type:landmark</code>, or something that is set as <code>geohack-type</code>. See the {{tl|Coord}} page for more info.) |- | <code>coords_ref</code> || Can be used with either coordinate display method above. Strongly recommended. Specify a citation for the coordinates using {{nowrap| <code><nowiki><ref>...</ref></nowiki></code>}} tags. |- | <code>geohack-type</code> || Set the geohack type parameter for use with coordinates and mapframes. Defaults to 'landmark'. See [[Template:Coord#type:T]] for more information. |- | <code>length</code> || Length of protected area, e.g., length of a trail. The {{tl|Convert}} template should be used. |- | <code>length_km</code><br /><code>length_mi</code> || Length of protected area, with automatic conversion to metric/imperial units. |- | <code>width</code> || Width of protected area. Can be used with {{para|length}} to describe rough shape. The {{tl|Convert}} template should be used. |- | <code>width_km</code><br /><code>width_mi</code> || Width of protected area, with automatic conversion to metric/imperial units. |- | <code>area</code> || Area of the protected area. Usually in acres or square miles for US locations and hectares or square kilometres elsewhere. The {{tl|Convert}} template should be used. Very small areas might be specified in square feet, square yards or square metres. |- | <code>area_km2</code><br /><code>area_sqmi</code><br /><code>area_acre</code><br /><code>area_ha</code> || Area of the protected area, with automatic conversion to metric/imperial units. Preferred to using bare {{para|area}} |- | <code>area_ref</code> || Reference to reliable source for area value. |- | <code>elevation</code> || Elevation of the protected area. |- | <code>dimensions</code> || Dimensions of the protected area. |- | <code>designation</code> || The legal protection offered to the park. |- | <code>authorized</code><br /><code>created</code><br /><code>designated</code><br /><code>established</code> || The date the protected area was created. See [[#Alternate parameters|below]]. Use {{tl|Start date}}. For example, for Yosemite National Park, use <nowiki>{{Start date|1890|10|1}}</nowiki>. |- | <code>disestablished</code> || The date when the area became no longer protected, if any. |- | <code>named_for</code> || |- | <code>visitation_num</code> || The number of visitors in a recent year if known. |- | <code>visitation_year</code> || The year during which the number of visitors was counted. |- | <code>visitation_ref</code> || Used with the visitation parameters above. Highly recommended. Specify the a citation for the visitation data using {{nowrap| <code><nowiki><ref>...</ref></nowiki></code>}} tags. |- | <code>governing_body</code><br /><code>administrator</code><br /><code>operator</code><br /><code>owner</code> || The agency or organization which controls or owns the protected area. See [[#Alternate parameters|below]]. |- | <code>world_heritage_site</code> || The year the protected area was designated a [[World Heritage Site]]. Few areas have this designation. If the article uses {{tl|Infobox World Heritage Site}} then this parameter should not be used. |- | <code>website</code> || The official website using either {{tl|Url}} or {{tl|Official website}} |- | <code>child</code> || Set to "yes" if this infobox is embedded inside another infobox. |- | <code>module</code> || Another infobox to place within this infobox. It will show up at the bottom. It needs to have its "embed" or "child" parameter set to 1 or yes, as appropriate. |- | <code>module2</code> || A second embedded infobox. |} === IUCN Categories === Depending on the value of the <code>iucn_category</code> parameter, one of the following banners will be displayed below the name. Valid values are Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V and VI. For more information read the [[IUCN protected area categories]] article. If you cannot find the correct code in a [[WP:SOURCE|reliable source]], leave blank. {| style="border:1px solid gray; width:300px; font-size: 90%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;" |- | {{IUCN banner|Ia}} |- | {{IUCN banner|Ib}} |- | {{IUCN banner|II}} |- | {{IUCN banner|III}} |- | {{IUCN banner|IV}} |- | {{IUCN banner|V}} |- | {{IUCN banner|VI}} |} === Pushpin map === {{Location map/doc/infobox parameters | pushpin_relief = 1 }} ===Mapframe maps=== {{Infobox mapframe/doc/parameters | onByDefault = yes, unless any of these parameters are present: {{para|map}}, {{para|image_map}}, {{para|map_image}}, {{para|child}} | mapframe-marker = natural | mapframe-zoom = Determined based on any of the parameters: {{para|geohack-type}}, {{para|area_sqmi}}, {{para|area_km2}}, {{para|area_ha}}, {{para|area_acre}}, {{para|length_km}}, {{para|length_mi}}, {{para|width_km}}, {{para|width_mi}}. Can be manually set by {{para|mapframe-zoom}}. | mapframe-type = {{para|geohack-type}} or landmark | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{para|area_sqmi}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{para|area_km2}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{para|area_ha}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{para|area_acre}} | mapframe-length_km = {{para|length_km}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{para|length_mi}} | mapframe-width_km = {{para|width_km}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{para|width_mi}} | mapframe-stroke-color = #008000 | mapframe-shape-fill = #5CE65C | mapframe-marker-color = #62AB22 | mapframe-frame-width = 284 | mapframe-frame-height = 208 }} == Examples == === With map only === {{Infobox protected area | name = Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park | iucn_category = II | pushpin_map = Australia | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[New South Wales]], Australia | nearest_city = [[Sydney]] | coordinates = {{coord|33|39|3.6|S|151|12|3.6|E|region:AU| display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | area_km2 = 154 | established = {{start date|1967|10|1}} | visitation_num = 2 million | visitation_year = 2001 | governing_body = [[NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park | iucn_category = II | pushpin_map = Australia | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[New South Wales]], Australia | nearest_city = [[Sydney]] | coordinates = {{coord|33|39|3.6|S|151|12|3.6|E|region:AU|display=inline}} | area_km2 = 154 | established = {{start date|1967|10|1}} | visitation_num = 2 million | visitation_year = 2001 | governing_body = [[NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === With imagegraph + default mapframe === {{Infobox protected area | name = Yosemite National Park | iucn_category = II | image = Tunnel View, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite NP - Diliff.jpg | image_alt = Mountain valley with sheer cliff on its left side, and a waterfall cascading into its right, with a clear blue sky above and many green trees below | image_caption = Yosemite Valley from Tunnel View | location = [[California]], United States | nearest_city = [[Mariposa, California|Mariposa]] | pushpin_mapframe-zoom = 6 | coordinates={{coord|37|43|44|N|119|35|54|W|display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | area_acre = 761266 | established = {{start date|1890|10|1}} | visitation_num = 3,280,911 | visitation_year = 2004 | governing_body = [[National Park Service]] | world_heritage_site = 1984 | website = {{url|http://www.nps.gov/yose/}} | qid = Q180402<!-- only explicitly listed in this code example, in the article it's implicit --> }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Yosemite National Park | iucn_category = II | image = Tunnel View, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite NP - Diliff.jpg | image_alt = Mountain valley with sheer cliff on its left side, and a waterfall cascading into its right, with a clear blue sky above and many green trees below | image_caption = Yosemite Valley from Tunnel View | location = [[California]], United States | nearest_city = [[Mariposa, California|Mariposa]] | mapframe-zoom = 6 | coordinates={{coord|37|43|44|N|119|35|54|W|display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | area_acre = 761266 | established = {{start date|1890|10|1}} | visitation_num = 3,280,911 | visitation_year = 2004 | governing_body = [[National Park Service]] | world_heritage_site = 1984 | website = {{url|http://www.nps.gov/yose/}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === With default mapframe only === {{Infobox protected area | name = Harz National Park | alt_name = ''Nationalparkverwaltung Harz'' | iucn_category = II | location = [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Saxony-Anhalt]], Germany | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|51|47|00|N|10|34|00|E|region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline}} | area_ha = 8900 | established = 1990, 1994, 2006 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Nationalparkverwaltung Harz | qid = Q702540<!-- only explicitly listed in the code here, at the [[Harz National Park]] it's implicit --> }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Harz National Park | alt_name = ''Nationalparkverwaltung Harz'' | iucn_category = II | location = [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Saxony-Anhalt]], Germany | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|51|47|00|N|10|34|00|E|region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline}} | area_ha = 8900 | established = 1990, 1994, 2006 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Nationalparkverwaltung Harz }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === With imagegraph and map === {{Infobox protected area | name = Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park | image = Dry Island Provincial Park2.jpg | image_alt = A green valley with a river and a road running somewhat parallel to the river | image_caption = Panoramic view | image_size = 260 | iucn_category = III | pushpin_map = Canada Alberta | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[Alberta]], Canada | nearest_city = [[Three Hills, Alberta|Three Hills]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|56|10|N|112|57|41|W| display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 34.5 | established = {{start date|1970|12|15}} | governing_body = [[Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park | image = Dry Island Provincial Park2.jpg | image_alt = A green valley with a river and a road running somewhat parallel to the river | image_caption = Panoramic view | image_size = 260 | iucn_category = III | pushpin_map = Canada Alberta | pushpin_relief = yes | location = [[Alberta]], Canada | nearest_city = [[Three Hills, Alberta|Three Hills]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|56|10|N|112|57|41|W| display = inline <!-- for documentation page only - not general practice -->}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 34.5 | established = {{start date|1970|12|15}} | governing_body = [[Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Map display methods == Any image of a map showing the location of the protected area can be used. === Display a marker on a map using a template and geographic coordinates === A marker can be superimposed on a map using one of a set of special map templates. To display a marker, the geographic coordinates must be specified using the {{tl|Coord}} template inside the {{para|coordinates}} parameter. See the documentation for {{tl|Location map}}. The parameters for this template map to a subset of the parameters used by {{tlf|Location map}}. A map template can be found using these sources: :[[Template:Location map/List|List of templates]] – Many of the listed items are redirects and a few templates may not function as expected. :[[:Category:Location map templates]] - templates sorted by category. :[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Location map/Info]] – a search that might help. :[[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Location map/data/]] – another search that might help. :[[Special:Prefixindex/Template:Location map]] – another search that might help. All of the names begin with the words "Location map" followed by the area covered. The value you need to specify is the area name. The map template for Canada is [[Module:Location map/data/Canada|Location map/data/Canada]]. In this case specify {{para|pushpin_map|Canada}}. {{Infobox protected area | name = Four Corners, Canada | pushpin_map = Canada | pushpin_caption = Example using geographic coordinates | coordinates = {{coord|60|N|102|W|}} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox protected area | name = Four Corners, Canada | pushpin_map = Canada | pushpin_caption = Example using geographic coordinates | coordinates = {{coord|60|N|102|W|}} }}</syntaxhighlight> The {{tl|Coord}} template has a parameter {{para|display|inline,title}} which can be added to make the coordinates display at the top of the page as well. ==TemplateData== {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "name": { "label": "Name", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "Name of protected area" }, "alt_name": { "label": "Alternative Name", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Common name for the protected area" }, "iucn_category": { "label": "IUCN Category", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "IUCN Category associated with the protected area " }, "image": { "label": "image", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "description": "Image for the protected area" }, "image_size": { "label": "image Width", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Width of the image given by image" }, "image_alt": { "label": "image Alternative Text", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Alternative text to be displayed if image doesn't appear for any reason" }, "image_caption": { "label": "image Caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Caption for the image" }, "map": { "label": "Map", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "description": "Location map for the protected area" }, "map_image": { "label": "Map image", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "description": "Map image for the protected area" }, "map_alt": { "label": "Map Alternative Text", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Alternative text to display if the map doesn't display for whatever reasons" }, "map_caption": { "label": "Map Caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Caption for the map" }, "map_width": { "label": "Map Width", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Width of the map" }, "relief": { "label": "Relief", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "When the geographical coordinates method is used, any non-blank value will cause the template to display a relief map image" }, "location": { "label": "Location", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Location of the protected area" }, "nearest_city": { "label": "Nearest city or town", "aliases": [ "nearest_town" ], "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Nearest city from the protected area" }, "coordinates": { "label": "Coordinates", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "When this option is used the type, region, scale, source, format and display parameters are not functional but this data can be entered in the {{Coord}} template." }, "coords_ref": { "label": "Coordinates Reference", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Can be used with either coordinate display method above" }, "length": { "label": "Length", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Length of protected area" }, "width": { "label": "Width", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Width of protected area" }, "area": { "label": "Area", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Area covered by protected area" }, "established": { "label": "Established", "aliases": [ "authorized", "created", "designated" ], "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The date on which the protected area was established, authorized, created, or designated" }, "disestablished": { "label": "Disestablished", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The date on which the protected area became no longer protected" }, "visitation_num": { "label": "Visitation Number", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Number of visitors in a recent year" }, "visitation_year": { "label": "Visitation Year", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The year in which visitors were counted" }, "visitation_ref": { "label": "Visitation Reference", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Reference of visitation data in <ref > </ref>" }, "governing_body": { "label": "Governing Body", "aliases": [ "administrator", "operator", "owner" ], "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The agency or organization which controls or owns the protected area" }, "world_heritage_site": { "label": "World Heritage Site", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "The year the protected area was designated a World Heritage Site" }, "website": { "label": "Website", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The official website." }, "child": { "label": "Child", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Yes if infobox is embedded inside another infobox" }, "module": { "label": "Module", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Another infobox to place within this infobox" }, "module2": { "label": "Module 2", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Another infobox to place within this infobox" }, "elevation": {}, "elevation_avg": {}, "elevation_min": {}, "elevation_max": {}, "logo": { "label": "Logo", "description": "The logo of the protected area", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "logo_alt": { "label": "Logo alt", "description": "The alt text for the logo", "type": "string" }, "logo_upright": { "label": "Logo upright", "description": "The upright value for the logo", "example": "1.2", "type": "number" }, "logo_caption": { "label": "Logo caption", "description": "The caption that goes beneath the logo", "type": "string" }, "mapframe": { "label": "Show mapframe map", "description": "Specify yes or no to show or hide the map, overriding the default", "example": "yes", "type": "string", "default": "no", "suggested": true }, "mapframe-caption": { "label": "Mapframe caption", "description": "Caption for the map. If mapframe-geomask is set, then the default is \"Location in <<geomask's label>>\"", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-custom": { "label": "Custom mapframe", "description": "Use a custom map instead of the automatic mapframe. Specify either a {{maplink}} template, or another template that generates a mapframe map, or an image name. If used, other mapframe parameters will be ignored.", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "mapframe-id": { "aliases": [ "id", "qid" ], "label": "Mapframe Wikidata item", "description": "Id (Q-number) of Wikidata item to use.", "type": "string", "default": "(item for current page)" }, "mapframe-coordinates": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-coord", "coordinates", "coord" ], "label": "Mapframe coordinates ", "description": "Coordinates to use, instead of any on Wikidata. Use the {{Coord}} template.", "example": "{{Coord|12.34|N|56.78|E}}", "type": "wiki-template-name", "default": "(coordinates from Wikidata)" }, "mapframe-wikidata": { "label": "Mapframe shapes from Wikidata", "description": "et to yes to show shape/line features from the wikidata item, if any, when coordinates are specified by parameter", "example": "yes", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-shape": { "label": "Mapframe shape feature", "description": "Override display of mapframe shape feature. Turn off by setting to \"none\". Use an inverse shape (geomask) instead of a regular shape by setting to \"inverse\"", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-point": { "label": "Mapframe point feature", "description": "Override display of mapframe point feature. Turn off display of point feature by setting to \"none\". Force point marker to be displayed by setting to \"on\"", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-geomask": { "label": "Mapframe geomask", "description": "Wikidata item to use as a geomask (everything outside the boundary is shaded darker). Can either be a specific Wikidata item (Q-number), or a property that specifies the item to use (e.g. P17 for country, or P131 for located in the administrative territorial entity)", "example": "Q100", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "mapframe-switcher": { "label": "Mapframe switcher", "description": "Set to \"auto\" or \"geomasks\" or \"zooms\" to enable Template:Switcher-style switching between multiple mapframes. IF SET TO auto – switch geomasks found in location (P276) and located in the administrative territorial entity (P131) statements on the page's Wikidata item, searching recursively. E.g. an item's city, that city's state, and that state's country. IF SET TO geomasks – switch between the geomasks specified as a comma-separated list of Wikidata items (Q-numbers) in the mapframe-geomask parameter. IF SET TO zooms – switch between \"zoomed in\"/\"zoomed midway\"/\"zoomed out\", where \"zoomed in\" is the default zoom (with a minimum of 3), \"zoomed out\" is 1, and \"zoomed midway\" is the average.", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-frame-width": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-width" ], "label": "Mapframe width", "description": "Frame width in pixels", "type": "number", "default": "270" }, "mapframe-frame-height": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-height" ], "label": "Mapframe height", "description": "Frame height in pixels", "type": "number", "default": "200" }, "mapframe-shape-fill": { "label": "Mapframe shape fill", "description": "Color used to fill shape features", "type": "string", "default": "#606060" }, "mapframe-shape-fill-opacity": { "label": "Mapframe shape fill opacity", "description": "Opacity level of shape fill, a number between 0 and 1", "type": "number", "default": "0.5" }, "mapframe-stroke-color": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-stroke-colour" ], "label": "Mapframe stroke color", "description": "Color of line features, and outlines of shape features", "type": "string", "default": "#ff0000" }, "mapframe-stroke-width": { "label": "Mapframe stroke width", "description": "Width of line features, and outlines of shape features", "type": "number", "default": "5" }, "mapframe-marker": { "label": "Mapframe marker", "description": "Marker symbol to use for coordinates; see [[mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons]] for options", "example": "museum", "type": "string" }, "mapframe-marker-color": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-marker-colour" ], "label": "Mapframe marker color", "description": "Background color for the marker", "type": "string", "default": "#5E74F3" }, "mapframe-geomask-stroke-color": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour" ], "label": "Mapframe geomask stroke color", "description": "Color of outline of geomask shape", "type": "string", "default": "#555555" }, "mapframe-geomask-stroke-width": { "label": "Mapframe geomask stroke width", "description": "Width of outline of geomask shape", "type": "number", "default": "2" }, "mapframe-geomask-fill": { "label": "Mapframe geomask fill", "description": "Color used to fill outside geomask features", "type": "string", "default": "#606060" }, "mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity": { "label": "Mapframe geomask fill opacity", "description": "Opacity level of fill outside geomask features, a number between 0 and 1", "type": "number", "default": "0.5" }, "mapframe-zoom": { "label": "Mapframe zoom", "description": "Set the zoom level, from \"1\" to \"18\", to used if the zoom level cannot be determined automatically from object length or area", "example": "12", "type": "number", "default": "10" }, "mapframe-length_km": { "label": "Mapframe length (km)", "description": "Object length in kilometres, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-length_mi": { "label": "Mapframe length (mi)", "description": "Object length in miles, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-area_km2": { "label": "Mapframe area (km^2)", "description": "Object arean square kilometres, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-area_mi2": { "label": "Mapframe area (mi^2)", "description": "Object area in square miles, for automatically determining zoom level. ONLY use ONE of the available parameters for length or area", "type": "number" }, "mapframe-frame-coordinates": { "aliases": [ "mapframe-frame-coord" ], "label": "Mapframe frame coordinates", "description": "Alternate latitude and longitude coordinates for initial placement of map, using {{coord}}", "example": "{{Coord|12.35|N|56.71|E}}", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "mapframe-line": {}, "iucn_ref": {}, "map_size": {}, "mapsize": {}, "AlternativeMap": {}, "label": {}, "label_position": {}, "mark": {}, "marker_size": {}, "image_map": {}, "geohack-type": {}, "area_sqmi": {}, "area_km2": {}, "area_ha": {}, "area_acre": {}, "length_km": {}, "length_mi": {}, "width_km": {}, "width_mi": {}, "area_ref": {}, "dimensions": {}, "designation": {}, "named_for": {}, "module": {} }, "format": "block", "paramOrder": [ "name", "alt_name", "iucn_category", "logo", "logo_alt", "logo_upright", "logo_caption", "image", "image_size", "image_alt", "image_caption", "map", "map_image", "map_alt", "map_caption", "map_width", "relief", "mapframe", "mapframe-caption", "mapframe-custom", "mapframe-id", "mapframe-coordinates", "mapframe-wikidata", "mapframe-point", "mapframe-shape", "mapframe-frame-width", "mapframe-frame-height", "mapframe-shape-fill", "mapframe-shape-fill-opacity", "mapframe-stroke-color", "mapframe-stroke-width", "mapframe-marker", "mapframe-marker-color", "mapframe-geomask", "mapframe-geomask-stroke-color", "mapframe-geomask-stroke-width", "mapframe-geomask-fill", "mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity", "mapframe-zoom", "mapframe-length_km", "mapframe-length_mi", "mapframe-area_km2", "mapframe-area_mi2", "mapframe-frame-coordinates", "mapframe-switcher", "mapframe-line", "location", "nearest_city", "coordinates", "coords_ref", "length", "width", "area", "established", "disestablished", "visitation_num", "visitation_year", "visitation_ref", "governing_body", "world_heritage_site", "website", "child", "module", "module2", "elevation", "elevation_avg", "elevation_min", "elevation_max", "iucn_ref", "map_size", "mapsize", "AlternativeMap", "label", "label_position", "mark", "marker_size", "image_map", "geohack-type", "area_sqmi", "area_km2", "area_ha", "area_acre", "length_km", "length_mi", "width_km", "width_mi", "area_ref", "dimensions", "designation", "named_for" ] } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Microformat == The articles created using this template include an hCard microformat. For more information read [[:Template:UF-hcard-place|this]]. == Tracking categories == {{Infobox tracking cats}} == See also == * {{tl|Infobox park}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:IUCN Protected Area infobox templates|Protected Area]] [[Category:Place infobox templates|Protected Area]] [[Category:Protected areas templates]] [[Category:Embeddable templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> px5h7hic8880qfz0x0nbi5ioyw11kau 0 24370 814075 237675 2026-11-06T13:57:47Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख / अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया से अनुबाद कइ के 814075 wikitext text/x-wiki दक्खिन भारत भा दक्खिनी भारत, जेकरा अंग्रेजी में साउथ इंडिया भा सदर्न इंडिया, आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। j7ql9ajs9jqyjamidys8cl9c008xa5a 814077 814075 2026-11-06T13:58:54Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत]] जोड़ल गइल 814077 wikitext text/x-wiki दक्खिन भारत भा दक्खिनी भारत, जेकरा अंग्रेजी में साउथ इंडिया भा सदर्न इंडिया, आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] bsms3q0mkvtzr36dxf1zztblm19rtig 814078 814077 2026-11-06T14:01:46Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''दक्खिन भारत''' भा '''दक्खिनी भारत''', जेकरा अंग्रेजी में '''साउथ इंडिया''' ({{Langx|en|South India}}) भा '''सदर्न इंडिया''', आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] {{भारत-भू-आधार}} 6rj6nxx4j1hc6dm5hdinw5sj2a4bfgk 814079 814078 2026-11-06T14:02:03Z SM7 3953 ज्ञानसंदूक जोड़ल गइल 814079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = South India | other_name = Peninsular India | native_name_lang = | type = | image = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 300 |image_style = |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Tirumala 090615.jpg{{!}}Venkateswara Temple |caption1 = [[Venkateswara Temple|Tirupati Venkateswara Temple (Andhra Pradesh)]] |image2 = MysorePalace-LeftAngle.jpg{{!}} |caption2 = [[Mysore Palace|Mysore Palace (Karnataka)]] |image3 = Alappuzha Boat Beauty W.jpg{{!}} |caption3 = [[Alappuzha|Backwaters of Alappuzha (Kerala)]] |image4 = Bangaram Island, Lakshadweep 20160325- DSC1780.jpg{{!}} |caption4 = [[Bangaram Atoll|Bangaram Atoll (Lakshadweep)]] |image5 = Matrimandir, Soul of the Auroville, near Pondicherry.JPG{{!}} |caption5 = [[Matrimandir|Matrimandir (Puducherry)]] |image6 = Statue of Thiruvalluvar.jpg{{!}} |caption6 = [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|Thiruvalluvar Statue (Tamil Nadu)]] |image7 = Charminar, Hyderabad, India 2020.jpg{{!}} |caption7 = [[Charminar|Charminar (Telangana)]] }} | motto = | image_map = South India.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = [[states and union territories of India|States]] and [[union territory|union territories]] in South India | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States and union territories]] | subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist| *[[Andhra Pradesh]] *[[Karnataka]] *[[Kerala]] *[[Lakshadweep]] *[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] *[[Tamil Nadu]] *[[Telangana]] }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India by population|Most populous cities]] | subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist| *[[Chennai]] *[[Bengaluru]] *[[Hyderabad]] *[[Visakhapatnam]] *[[Coimbatore]] }} | custom_label_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|title=Indian languages|publisher=Ministry of Education, [[Government of India]]|access-date=30 August 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528202529/https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_data_sec1 = {{plainlist| * [[Telugu language|Telugu]] * [[Tamil language|Tamil]] * [[Kannada]] * [[Malayalam]] * [[English language|English]] * [[Urdu]] }} | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 635,780 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 2695 | elevation_max_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Anamudi]] | elevation_min_m = −2.2 | elevation_min_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Kuttanad]] | population_total = 253,051,953 | total_type = Total | population_urban = 111,386,832 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 400 | population_demonym = South Indian<br />[[Telugu people|Telugu]]<br/>[[Tamil people|Tamilar]]<br />[[Kannada people|Kannadiga]]<br />[[Malayali]]<br />Laccadivian<br />Pondicherrian | time_zone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]]) | utc_offset1 = | time_zone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | population_density_sq_mi = | custom_label1_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | custom_data1_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.755 ({{color|green|High}}) | custom_label2_sec1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data2_sec1 = 76.43%<ref name="literacy">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|title=Census 2011, States|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=28 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124940/https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_label3_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data3_sec1 = 986 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[Male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite report|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> }} '''दक्खिन भारत''' भा '''दक्खिनी भारत''', जेकरा अंग्रेजी में '''साउथ इंडिया''' ({{Langx|en|South India}}) भा '''सदर्न इंडिया''', आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] {{भारत-भू-आधार}} fwrfiorc9fizbd04z82pq7zxrz5awzi 814093 814079 2026-11-06T15:00:50Z SM7 3953 Cleaning up syntax using [[:en:User:Zackmann08/scripts/indent|indent.js]] 814093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = South India | other_name = Peninsular India | native_name_lang = | type = | image = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 300 |image_style = |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Tirumala 090615.jpg{{!}}Venkateswara Temple |caption1 = [[Venkateswara Temple|Tirupati Venkateswara Temple (Andhra Pradesh)]] |image2 = MysorePalace-LeftAngle.jpg{{!}} |caption2 = [[Mysore Palace|Mysore Palace (Karnataka)]] |image3 = Alappuzha Boat Beauty W.jpg{{!}} |caption3 = [[Alappuzha|Backwaters of Alappuzha (Kerala)]] |image4 = Bangaram Island, Lakshadweep 20160325- DSC1780.jpg{{!}} |caption4 = [[Bangaram Atoll|Bangaram Atoll (Lakshadweep)]] |image5 = Matrimandir, Soul of the Auroville, near Pondicherry.JPG{{!}} |caption5 = [[Matrimandir|Matrimandir (Puducherry)]] |image6 = Statue of Thiruvalluvar.jpg{{!}} |caption6 = [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|Thiruvalluvar Statue (Tamil Nadu)]] |image7 = Charminar, Hyderabad, India 2020.jpg{{!}} |caption7 = [[Charminar|Charminar (Telangana)]] }} | motto = | image_map = South India.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = [[states and union territories of India|States]] and [[union territory|union territories]] in South India | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States and union territories]] | subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist| *[[Andhra Pradesh]] *[[Karnataka]] *[[Kerala]] *[[Lakshadweep]] *[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] *[[Tamil Nadu]] *[[Telangana]] }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India by population|Most populous cities]] | subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist| *[[Chennai]] *[[Bengaluru]] *[[Hyderabad]] *[[Visakhapatnam]] *[[Coimbatore]] }} | custom_label_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|title=Indian languages|publisher=Ministry of Education, [[Government of India]]|access-date=30 August 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528202529/https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_data_sec1 = {{plainlist| * [[Telugu language|Telugu]] * [[Tamil language|Tamil]] * [[Kannada]] * [[Malayalam]] * [[English language|English]] * [[Urdu]] }} | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 635,780 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 2695 | elevation_max_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Anamudi]] | elevation_min_m = −2.2 | elevation_min_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Kuttanad]] | population_total = 253,051,953 | total_type = Total | population_urban = 111,386,832 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 400 | population_demonym = South Indian<br />[[Telugu people|Telugu]]<br/>[[Tamil people|Tamilar]]<br />[[Kannada people|Kannadiga]]<br />[[Malayali]]<br />Laccadivian<br />Pondicherrian | time_zone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]]) | utc_offset1 = | time_zone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | population_density_sq_mi = | custom_label1_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | custom_data1_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.755 ({{color|green|High}}) | custom_label2_sec1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data2_sec1 = 76.43%<ref name="literacy">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|title=Census 2011, States|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=28 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124940/https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_label3_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data3_sec1 = 986 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[Male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite report|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> }} '''दक्खिन भारत''' भा '''दक्खिनी भारत''', जेकरा अंग्रेजी में '''साउथ इंडिया''' ({{Langx|en|South India}}) भा '''सदर्न इंडिया''', आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] {{भारत-भू-आधार}} pa5d64j3jzqskvphusg5ew1mvz8ojv5 814096 814093 2026-11-06T15:02:47Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारत के भूगोल]] जोड़ल गइल 814096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = South India | other_name = Peninsular India | native_name_lang = | type = | image = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 300 |image_style = |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Tirumala 090615.jpg{{!}}Venkateswara Temple |caption1 = [[Venkateswara Temple|Tirupati Venkateswara Temple (Andhra Pradesh)]] |image2 = MysorePalace-LeftAngle.jpg{{!}} |caption2 = [[Mysore Palace|Mysore Palace (Karnataka)]] |image3 = Alappuzha Boat Beauty W.jpg{{!}} |caption3 = [[Alappuzha|Backwaters of Alappuzha (Kerala)]] |image4 = Bangaram Island, Lakshadweep 20160325- DSC1780.jpg{{!}} |caption4 = [[Bangaram Atoll|Bangaram Atoll (Lakshadweep)]] |image5 = Matrimandir, Soul of the Auroville, near Pondicherry.JPG{{!}} |caption5 = [[Matrimandir|Matrimandir (Puducherry)]] |image6 = Statue of Thiruvalluvar.jpg{{!}} |caption6 = [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|Thiruvalluvar Statue (Tamil Nadu)]] |image7 = Charminar, Hyderabad, India 2020.jpg{{!}} |caption7 = [[Charminar|Charminar (Telangana)]] }} | motto = | image_map = South India.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = [[states and union territories of India|States]] and [[union territory|union territories]] in South India | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States and union territories]] | subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist| *[[Andhra Pradesh]] *[[Karnataka]] *[[Kerala]] *[[Lakshadweep]] *[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] *[[Tamil Nadu]] *[[Telangana]] }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India by population|Most populous cities]] | subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist| *[[Chennai]] *[[Bengaluru]] *[[Hyderabad]] *[[Visakhapatnam]] *[[Coimbatore]] }} | custom_label_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|title=Indian languages|publisher=Ministry of Education, [[Government of India]]|access-date=30 August 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528202529/https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_data_sec1 = {{plainlist| * [[Telugu language|Telugu]] * [[Tamil language|Tamil]] * [[Kannada]] * [[Malayalam]] * [[English language|English]] * [[Urdu]] }} | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 635,780 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 2695 | elevation_max_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Anamudi]] | elevation_min_m = −2.2 | elevation_min_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Kuttanad]] | population_total = 253,051,953 | total_type = Total | population_urban = 111,386,832 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 400 | population_demonym = South Indian<br />[[Telugu people|Telugu]]<br/>[[Tamil people|Tamilar]]<br />[[Kannada people|Kannadiga]]<br />[[Malayali]]<br />Laccadivian<br />Pondicherrian | time_zone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]]) | utc_offset1 = | time_zone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | population_density_sq_mi = | custom_label1_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | custom_data1_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.755 ({{color|green|High}}) | custom_label2_sec1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data2_sec1 = 76.43%<ref name="literacy">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|title=Census 2011, States|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=28 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124940/https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_label3_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data3_sec1 = 986 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[Male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite report|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> }} '''दक्खिन भारत''' भा '''दक्खिनी भारत''', जेकरा अंग्रेजी में '''साउथ इंडिया''' ({{Langx|en|South India}}) भा '''सदर्न इंडिया''', आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के भूगोल]] {{भारत-भू-आधार}} fwuzqtm5h5rwfbl80o479al5uzr831j 814252 814096 2026-11-06T16:28:39Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = South India | other_name = Peninsular India | native_name_lang = | type = | image = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 300 |image_style = |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Tirumala 090615.jpg{{!}}Venkateswara Temple |caption1 = [[Venkateswara Temple|Tirupati Venkateswara Temple (Andhra Pradesh)]] |image2 = MysorePalace-LeftAngle.jpg{{!}} |caption2 = [[Mysore Palace|Mysore Palace (Karnataka)]] |image3 = Alappuzha Boat Beauty W.jpg{{!}} |caption3 = [[Alappuzha|Backwaters of Alappuzha (Kerala)]] |image4 = Bangaram Island, Lakshadweep 20160325- DSC1780.jpg{{!}} |caption4 = [[Bangaram Atoll|Bangaram Atoll (Lakshadweep)]] |image5 = Matrimandir, Soul of the Auroville, near Pondicherry.JPG{{!}} |caption5 = [[Matrimandir|Matrimandir (Puducherry)]] |image6 = Statue of Thiruvalluvar.jpg{{!}} |caption6 = [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|Thiruvalluvar Statue (Tamil Nadu)]] |image7 = Charminar, Hyderabad, India 2020.jpg{{!}} |caption7 = [[Charminar|Charminar (Telangana)]] }} | motto = | image_map = South India.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = [[states and union territories of India|States]] and [[union territory|union territories]] in South India | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States and union territories]] | subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist| *[[Andhra Pradesh]] *[[Karnataka]] *[[Kerala]] *[[Lakshadweep]] *[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] *[[Tamil Nadu]] *[[Telangana]] }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India by population|Most populous cities]] | subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist| *[[Chennai]] *[[Bengaluru]] *[[Hyderabad]] *[[Visakhapatnam]] *[[Coimbatore]] }} | custom_label_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|title=Indian languages|publisher=Ministry of Education, [[Government of India]]|access-date=30 August 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528202529/https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_data_sec1 = {{plainlist| * [[Telugu language|Telugu]] * [[Tamil language|Tamil]] * [[Kannada]] * [[Malayalam]] * [[English language|English]] * [[Urdu]] }} | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 635,780 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 2695 | elevation_max_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Anamudi]] | elevation_min_m = −2.2 | elevation_min_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Kuttanad]] | population_total = 253,051,953 | total_type = Total | population_urban = 111,386,832 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 400 | population_demonym = South Indian<br />[[Telugu people|Telugu]]<br/>[[Tamil people|Tamilar]]<br />[[Kannada people|Kannadiga]]<br />[[Malayali]]<br />Laccadivian<br />Pondicherrian | time_zone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]]) | utc_offset1 = | time_zone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | population_density_sq_mi = | custom_label1_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | custom_data1_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.755 ({{color|green|High}}) | custom_label2_sec1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data2_sec1 = 76.43%<ref name="literacy">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|title=Census 2011, States|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=28 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124940/https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_label3_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data3_sec1 = 986 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[Male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite report|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> }} '''दक्खिन भारत''' भा '''दक्खिनी भारत''', जेकरा अंग्रेजी में '''साउथ इंडिया''' ({{Langx|en|South India}}) भा '''सदर्न इंडिया''', आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के भूगोल]] {{भारत-भू-आधार}} 7mpgrai19zc9zn4asnnxe3w3dbdkgcq 814255 814252 2026-11-06T16:34:21Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारत के क्षेत्र]] जोड़ल गइल 814255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = South India | other_name = Peninsular India | native_name_lang = | type = | image = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 300 |image_style = |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Tirumala 090615.jpg{{!}}Venkateswara Temple |caption1 = [[Venkateswara Temple|Tirupati Venkateswara Temple (Andhra Pradesh)]] |image2 = MysorePalace-LeftAngle.jpg{{!}} |caption2 = [[Mysore Palace|Mysore Palace (Karnataka)]] |image3 = Alappuzha Boat Beauty W.jpg{{!}} |caption3 = [[Alappuzha|Backwaters of Alappuzha (Kerala)]] |image4 = Bangaram Island, Lakshadweep 20160325- DSC1780.jpg{{!}} |caption4 = [[Bangaram Atoll|Bangaram Atoll (Lakshadweep)]] |image5 = Matrimandir, Soul of the Auroville, near Pondicherry.JPG{{!}} |caption5 = [[Matrimandir|Matrimandir (Puducherry)]] |image6 = Statue of Thiruvalluvar.jpg{{!}} |caption6 = [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|Thiruvalluvar Statue (Tamil Nadu)]] |image7 = Charminar, Hyderabad, India 2020.jpg{{!}} |caption7 = [[Charminar|Charminar (Telangana)]] }} | motto = | image_map = South India.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = [[states and union territories of India|States]] and [[union territory|union territories]] in South India | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States and union territories]] | subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist| *[[Andhra Pradesh]] *[[Karnataka]] *[[Kerala]] *[[Lakshadweep]] *[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] *[[Tamil Nadu]] *[[Telangana]] }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India by population|Most populous cities]] | subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist| *[[Chennai]] *[[Bengaluru]] *[[Hyderabad]] *[[Visakhapatnam]] *[[Coimbatore]] }} | custom_label_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|title=Indian languages|publisher=Ministry of Education, [[Government of India]]|access-date=30 August 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528202529/https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/languagebr.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_data_sec1 = {{plainlist| * [[Telugu language|Telugu]] * [[Tamil language|Tamil]] * [[Kannada]] * [[Malayalam]] * [[English language|English]] * [[Urdu]] }} | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 635,780 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = 2695 | elevation_max_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Anamudi]] | elevation_min_m = −2.2 | elevation_min_point = <!-- for denoting the measurement point --> [[Kuttanad]] | population_total = 253,051,953 | total_type = Total | population_urban = 111,386,832 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 400 | population_demonym = South Indian<br />[[Telugu people|Telugu]]<br/>[[Tamil people|Tamilar]]<br />[[Kannada people|Kannadiga]]<br />[[Malayali]]<br />Laccadivian<br />Pondicherrian | time_zone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]]) | utc_offset1 = | time_zone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | population_density_sq_mi = | custom_label1_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | custom_data1_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.755 ({{color|green|High}}) | custom_label2_sec1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data2_sec1 = 76.43%<ref name="literacy">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|title=Census 2011, States|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=28 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124940/https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php|url-status=live}}</ref> | custom_label3_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | custom_data3_sec1 = 986 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[Male|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite report|title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)|url=https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/https://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> }} '''दक्खिन भारत''' भा '''दक्खिनी भारत''', जेकरा अंग्रेजी में '''साउथ इंडिया''' ({{Langx|en|South India}}) भा '''सदर्न इंडिया''', आ भूगोलीय रूप से प्रायदीपीय भारत भी कहल जाला, भारत के दक्कन प्रायदीप के दक्षिणी हिस्सा ह। एह में [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[केरल]], [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य शामिल बाड़ें। एकरा अलावा केंद्रशासित प्रदेश [[लक्षद्वीप]] आ [[पुडुचेरी]] भी एह क्षेत्र के हिस्सा हवे। दक्खिन भारत के रकबा 6,35,780 वर्ग किलोमीटर (2,45,480 वर्ग मील) बा, जे भारत के कुल क्षेत्रफल के 19.31 % ह। एह क्षेत्र में भारत के कुल आबादी के लगभग 20 % लोग रहेला। एकर सीमा पूरब में [[बंगाल के खाड़ी]], पश्चिम में [[अरब सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[हिंद महासागर]] से बने ला। एह क्षेत्र के भूगोल विविधता से भरल बा। पठारी क्षेत्र के दुनो ओर पश्चिमी घाट आ पूर्वी घाट नाम के दू गो पर्वत श्रृंखला स्थित बाड़ी स। [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी]], कृष्णा, कावेरी, पेन्ना, तुंगभद्रा आ वैगई नदी पानी के महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत बाड़ी स, हालाँकि ई बारहमासी नदी ना हई। चेन्नई, बेंगलुरु, हैदराबाद, कोयंबटूर आ कोच्चि एह क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ शहरी इलाका हवे। दक्खिन भारत के अधिकतर लोग चार गो प्रमुख [[द्रविड़ भाषा]] में से कम से कम एगो भाषा बोलेला। ई भाषा हई—तेलुगु, तमिल, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम। दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में कई गो राजवंश एह क्षेत्र के अलग-अलग हिस्सा पर शासन कइले आ उहाँ के संस्कृति के आकार देले। दक्खिन भारत में स्थापित प्रमुख राजवंशन में चेर, चोल, पांड्य, पल्लव, सातवाहन, चालुक्य, होयसळ, राष्ट्रकूट आ विजयनगर शामिल बाड़ें। यूरोपीय देश केरल के रास्ते भारत में प्रवेश कइलें। एह क्षेत्र पर ब्रिटेन, पुर्तगाल आ फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन भी रहल। भारत के आजादी के तुरंत बाद के दशक में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में उतार-चढ़ाव देखे के मिलल। बाकिर पिछला तीन दशक में एह राज्यन के अर्थव्यवस्था में लगातार बिकास भइल बा, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहल बा। भारत के दुसरहन क्षेत्रन के तुलना में दक्खिन भारत के राज्यन के संयुक्त सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) सबसे अधिक बा। दक्खिन भारत के राज्य भारत के कुछ सामाजिक-आर्थिक मापदंडन में आगे बाड़ें। एह क्षेत्र के मानव बिकास सूचकांक (HDI) अधिक बा आ एकर अर्थव्यवस्था अधिकतर उत्तरी राज्यन के तुलना में तेजी से बढ़ल बा। 2011 के आँकड़ा के अनुसार, दक्षिणी राज्यन में साक्षरता दर लगभग 76 % रहे, जे राष्ट्रीय औसत से अधिक रहे। दक्खिन भारत के प्रजनन दर 1.9 बा, जे भारत के सभ क्षेत्रन में सबसे कम ह। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत| ]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के क्षेत्र]] {{भारत-भू-आधार}} ouzzfxuo5tfg35dfvzjxrejrwafuios 0 24761 814391 397579 2026-11-07T07:16:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = सुलेमान परबत | other_name = '''د كسي غرونه / کوه سليمان''' | photo = NEO sulaiman big.jpg | photo_caption = सुलेमान परबत के एक ठो हिस्सा के उपग्रह से लिहल फोटो | elevation_m = 3487 | elevation_ref = | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | map = Asia | map_caption = लोकेशन | label_position = top | listing = | location =[[Zabul Province|Zabul]], [[Kandahar Province|Kandahar]] and [[Loya Paktia]], [[Afghanistan]]<br> [[South Waziristan]], [[Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], [[Punjab]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[पाकिस्तान]] | range = [[हिंदुकुश]] | lat_d = 30| lat_m = 30 | lat_s = |lat_NS = N | long_d = 70 | long_m = 10 | long_s = | long_EW = E | coordinates_ref = | topo = | type = | easiest_route = | embedded = }} '''सुलेमान परबत''' या '''कोह-ए-सुलयमान''' (<small>[[बलूची]]/[[उर्दू]]/[[फ़ारसी]]: {{Nastaliq|ur|کوه سليمان}}; [[पश्तो]]: {{Nastaliq|ur|د سليمان غرونه}}; [[अंग्रेज़ी]]: [[:en:Sulaiman Mountains|Sulaiman Mountains]]</small>) जवना के '''केसई परबत''' (<small>[[पश्तो]]: {{Nastaliq|ur|د كسي غرونه}}; [[अंग्रेज़ी]]: Kesai Mountains</small>) भी कहल जाला, दक्षिणपूर्वी [[अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान]] आ पच्छिमी [[पाकिस्तान]] के [[बलोचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान)|बलोचिस्तान]] प्रान्त के उत्तरी भाग में स्थित एक ठो प्रमुख [[पर्वत श्रेणी]] बा। अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान में ई [[ज़ाबुल प्रान्त|ज़ाबुल]], [[लोया पकतिया]] आ [[कंधार प्रान्त|कंदहार]] (उत्तर-पूर्वी भाग) के क्षेत्रन में बिस्तार लिहले बाटें। ई पहाड़ सभ [[ईरान के पठार]] के पूरबी किनारा हवें आ भूगोलीय रूप से ओकरा के [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] से बिलग करे लें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{GeoSouthAsia}} [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान के परबत]] [[श्रेणी:अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान के भूगोल]] {{Asia-geo-stub}} t26c2mihaseh5b6pb4j6dbaxfo267op 0 25515 814193 804311 2026-11-06T15:57:09Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{भोजपुरी नइखे}} {{Infobox islands | name = साउथ आइलैंड<br/>[[Te Waipounamu|ते वाइपोनामू]] | image name = Turbid Waters Surround New Zealand - crop.jpg | image caption = साउथ आइलैंड के सैटेलाइट से लिहल फोटो | image size = | locator map = {{Location map|Oceania|caption=|float=center|width=220|lat=-43.983333|long=170.45}} | map caption = South Island (Oceania) | native name = | nickname = दी मेनलैंड<br>मुख्यभूमि | location = [[ओशेनिया]] | coordinates = {{Coord|43|59|S|170|27|E|region:NZ_type:isle_scale:5000000|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = [[न्यूजीलैंड]] | total islands = | major islands = | area_km2 = 150437 | rank = 12th | coastline_km = 5842 | highest mount = [[औराकी/माउंट कुक]] | elevation_m = 3754 | longest_river = [[क्लथा नदी]] | length_km = 840 | country = न्यूजीलैंड | country admin divisions title = [[ISO 3166-2:NZ]] | country admin divisions = NZ-S | country admin divisions title 1 = [[Regions of New Zealand|Regions]] | country admin divisions 1 = 7 | country admin divisions title 2 = [[Territorial authorities of New Zealand|Territorial authorities]] | country admin divisions 2 = 23 | country capital city = | country largest city = [[क्राइस्टचर्च]] | country largest city population = {{NZ population data|Christchurch|y}} | country leader title = | country leader name = | HouseSeats = 16 | population = {{NZ population data|South Island regions|y}} | population as of = {{NZ population data|||y}} | density_km2 = {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|South Island regions|y}}|R}}/151215|1}} | ethnic groups = [[New Zealand European|यूरोपियन]], [[माओरी लोग|माओरी]] | demonym = | additional info = }} '''साउथ आइलैंड''' चाहे '''ते वाइपोनामू''' is the larger of the two major [[Islands of New Zealand|islands]] of [[New Zealand]], the other being the smaller but more populous [[North Island]]. It is bordered to the north by [[Cook Strait]], to the west by the [[Tasman Sea]], and to the south and east by the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The South Island covers {{convert|150437|km2}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/nzstories.nsf/092edeb76ed5aa6bcc256afe0081d84e/54e50d25aff60a7bcc256b1e007adcb6?OpenDocument |title=Quick Facts - Land and Environment : Geography - Physical Features |work=Statistics New Zealand |year=2000 |accessdate=13 August 2012}}</ref> and is influenced by a [[temperate climate]]. As it has a 32% larger landmass than the North Island, it is sometimes referred to as the "mainland" of New Zealand, especially by South Island residents; however, only {{Round|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|South Island regions|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|New Zealand|y}}|R}}*100|0}}% of New Zealand's {{Round|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|New Zealand|y}}|R}}/1000000|1}} million inhabitants live in the South Island. In the early stages of European ([[Pākehā]]) settlement of the country, the South Island had the majority of the European population and wealth due to the 1860s [[gold rush]]es. The North Island population overtook the South in the early 20th century, with 56% of the population living in the North in 1911, and the drift north of people and businesses continued throughout the century.<ref>{{cite book | first = Michael | last = King | authorlink = Michael King | title = The Penguin History of New Zealand | url = https://archive.org/details/penguinhistoryof0000king | location = Auckland | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-14-301867-4 | <!--url = http://penguin.co.nz/afa.asp?idWebPage=30233&ID=1788742&Sisbn=858711552 |--> pages = 280–281 }}</ref> == संदर्भ == {{reflist|30em}} == अउरी पढ़ल जाय == * Atkinson, Brett, et al. ''New Zealand's South Island'' (2010) [https://books.google.com/books?id=EWYaU5OL-BgC excerpt and text search] * {{cite book|author=Bull, Mary P. |title=New Zealand Tales and Tours: South Island Adventures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rO42LMY1vsUC&pg=PA15|year=2004|publisher=Trafford Publishing}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [http://www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/regions/--south-island/regional-information.html South Island] * [http://www.backpack-newzealand.com/mapofsouthisland.html/ South Island Road Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231002221/http://www.backpack-newzealand.com/mapofsouthisland.html |date=2015-12-31 }} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|South Island|साउथ आइलैंड}} {{Regions of New Zealand}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:न्यूजीलैंड के दीप]] [[श्रेणी:साउथ आइलैंड| ]] 2isohhbw1lbvxgaxahvjb0tix37pyvv 0 27210 814128 583848 2026-11-06T15:50:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Nepal district |district = सप्तरी |native_name = |area = 1363 |population = 639284 <ref name="CBS">[http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/VDC_Municipality.pdf Household and population by districts, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Nepal]</ref> |pop_year = 2011<ref name="CBS"/> |density = auto |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |map= Saptari_district_location.png |caption = सप्तरी जिला |region = [[पूर्वाञ्चल|पुर्वाञ्चल]] |zone = [[सगरमाथा अञ्चल|सगरमाथा]] |geo = [[तराई]] |vdc = 114 |mun = 1 |established = |seat_type = सदरमुकाम |seat = [[राजविराज]] |area_code = 031 |languages = [[मैथिली भाषा|मैथिली]],[[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] |castes = |website = http://www.ddcsaptari.gov.np/ }} '''सप्तरी जिला''' [[नेपाल]] के [[पूर्वाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्र]] के [[सगरमाथा अञ्चल]]में अवस्थित बाटे। ==संदर्भ सामग्रीसभ== {{Reflist}} ==इहो सभ देखल जाय== [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के जिला]] jzq6dv16ycsy8hd6jvgyej5x4strf4v 0 28560 814155 810826 2026-11-06T15:54:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* धारना सभ आउर इतिहास लेखन */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |title = चक्रवर्ती <ref name="Fogelin2015">{{cite book|author=Lars Fogelin|title=An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPZzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|date=1 अप्रैल 2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-994823-9|pages=81–}}</ref><ref name="Kleiner2015">{{cite book|author=Fred Kleiner|title=Gardner’s Art through the Ages: A Global History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q4bCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT474|date=1 जनवरी 2015|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-305-54484-0|pages=474–}}</ref> |image =Indian_relief_from_Amaravati,_Guntur._Preserved_in_Guimet_Museum.jpg |caption = [[अमरावती गाँव, गुंटूर जिला|अमरावती]], [[आंध्रप्रदेश]] (भारत) में लगभग 1ली सदी ईपू/ईसवी के एगो चित्र, बीच में शाईट अशोक के देखावल गइल बाटे। |succession= तीसरका मौर्य सम्राट |reign = 268 ईपू — ल॰ 232 ईपू{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2008|p=331}} |coronation = 268 ईपू{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2008|p=331}} |predecessor = [[बिंदुसार]] |successor = [[दशरथ मौर्य|दशरथ]] |othertitles= ''[[देवानंपिय]]'', ''[[पियदसी]]'' |spouse=[[असंधिमित्र]] |spouse-type=साथी |spouses={{unbulleted list|[[देवी (असोक के मेहरारू)|देवी]] |[[करुवाकी]] |[[रानी पद्मावती|पद्मावती]] |[[तिष्यारक्षा]]}} |issue={{unbulleted list|[[महिंद]] |[[संघमित्ता]] |[[तिवाला]] |[[कुनाल]] |[[चारुमती]]}} |spouses-type =पत्नी |dynasty = [[मौर्य साम्राज्य|मौर्य]] |father = [[बिंदुसार]] |mother = [[सुभद्रांगी]] |birth_date = 304 ईपू |birth_place = [[पाटलिपुत्र]], [[पटना]] |religion = <!-- Do not add anything here. (See talk.) The reader can read about Ashoka's religion in the main article. !--> |death_date = 232 ईपू (उमिर 72) |death_place = [[पाटलिपुत्र]], [[पटना]] }} {{Maurya}} '''अशोक''' (304—232 ईपू),<ref>{{cite web|last=Chandra |first=Amulya |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ashoka |title=Ashoka &#124; biography - emperor of India |publisher=Britannica.com |date=2015-05-14 |accessdate=2015-08-09}}</ref> चाहे '''असोक महान''' [[मौर्य वंश]] के एगो भारतीय राजा रहलें जे {{circa|268}} से 232 ईपू ले लगभग मय भारत पऽ राज कइलें।<ref>Thapur (1973), p. 51.</ref> भारत के महान राजा लोग मे से एगो, असोक के राज उत्तर-पच्छिम मे हिंदुकुश से ले के पूरुब मे आज के बांग्लादेश ले, आ दक्खिन के ओर आजकाल के तमिलनाडु आ केरल के कुछ हिस्सा छोड़ के बाकी मय भारत के छेंकले रहे। एह राज के राजधानी [[मगध]] मे [[पाटलिपुत्र]] (वर्तमान [[पटना]]) रहल आ [[उज्जैन]] आ तक्षशिला में क्षेत्रीय राजधानी रहलीं सऽ। [[चित्र:Maurya empire in 265 BCE.jpg|thumb|left|320px|सम्राट अशोक के समय में [[मौर्य साम्राज्य]]]] अशोक के जीवन के सभसे बड़ घटना [[कलिंग के लड़ाई]] रहल जेकरे बाद ऊ लड़ाई आ हत्या के तेज के [[बौद्ध धरम]] के मान लिहलें आ सांति के पसार मे लाग गइलें। अशोक के घड़ी मे [[तीसरी बौद्ध संगीति|तीसरका बौद्ध संगीति]] पाटलिपुत्र मे भइल आ ऊ भारत से बाहर के देस सभ में बुद्ध के उपदेस पसारे ला धम्म के पसार करे ला लोग भेजलें। अशोक कय जगह प खम्भा गड़ववलें जिनहन प नैतिक उपदेश खोदवावल रहल। इन्हन के आज [[अशोक स्तंभ]] कहल जाला। भारत के राष्ट्रीय चीन्हा [[सारनाथ]] के अशोक स्तंभ से लिहल गइल बाटे। == नाँव == [[अशोक के आदेशलेख|आदेशलेख]] सभ में '''अशोक''' नाँव दू बेर आइल बा, पहिला मास्की के लेख में जेने सुरूआते ''देवनांपियस अशोकस'' से भइल बा, आ दुसरा बेर गुर्जरा के अभिलेख में अशोक नाँव आइल बा। अबले के अनुमान से इहे साबित भइल बा की बाकी आदेशलेखन में जेकरा के '''पियदसि''' आ ''देवानांपिय'' कहल गइल बा ऊ उहे राजा हवें जिनके बौद्ध ग्रंथन में '''अशोक''' बतावल गइल बा आ पुराणन में '''अशोकवर्द्धन''' कहल गइल बा।<ref name="Shastri2007" /> हालाँकि, नीलकंठ शास्त्री के कहनाम बा कि पियदसि इनकर असली नाँव रहल आ अशोक {{abbr|विरुद|आदर में दिहल नाँव}}, या फिर अशोक असली नाँव रहल आ पियदसि विरुद रहल, ई बात तयजिवन जिइल कठिन बा<ref name="Shastri2007">{{cite book|author=के ए नीलकंठ शास्त्री|title=नंद-मौर्य युगीन भारत|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T85aSmU7BGoC&pg=PA233|year=2007|publisher=मोतीलाल बनारसीदास|isbn=978-81-208-2104-0|pages=233–}}</ref> == जीवन == '''अशोक के शुरुआती जीवन''' चक्रवर्ती अशोक सम्राट [[बिंदुसार]] आउर रानी धम्मा के बेटा रहन।<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka#CITEREFStrong1989</ref> लंका के परम्परा में बिंदुसार के सोरह पटरानियन आउर 101 बेटन के उल्लेख बा। बेटन में खाली तीन गो के नाँव लिखल बा, [[सूसिम]] जवन सभसे बड़ रहन, अशोक आऊर तिष्य। तिष्य अशोक के सहोदरदभाई आऊर सभसे छोट रहन।एक दिन ध्म्मा के सपना आइल जे उनकर बेटा बहूत बड़ सम्राट बनी। ओकरा बादे से राजा बिन्दुसार ओकरा आपन रानी बना लिहलन बाकिर धर्मा क्षत्रिय कुल के ना रहे, तऽ ओकरा कवनो बिशेस स्थान ना मिलल रहे। अशोक के कय गो (सौतेला) भाई — बहिन रहऽसन आउर ओकनी मे कड़ा प्रतिस्पर्धा रहत रहे। अशोक के घड़ी के ऊकेरल गइल प्रतीतात्मक चिह्न जेकरा हमनी के '[[अशोक चिह्न]]' के नाँव से जानेनी जा आज उ भारत के राष्ट्रीय चिह्न हऽ। [[बौद्ध धर्म]] के इतिहास में [[गौतम बुद्ध]] के बाद अशोके के नाँव आवेला। दिव्यदान में अशोक के एगो मेहरारु के नाँव 'तिष्यरक्षिता' मिलेला। ओकर लेखा में खाली ओकर मेहरारु 'करूणावकि' बिया। दिव्यादान में अशोक के दु भाइयन सुसीम आ विगताशोक के नाम लिखल बड़ुवे। अशोक मौर्य सम्राट [[चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य]] के पोता रहन। रोमन इतिहासकार अपियन के मोताबिक, चन्द्रगुप्त [[सैल्युकस]] के बेटी से बियाह कइले रहे; एही चलते इहो ह़ो सकेला कि अशोक के आजी युनानी होइहेँ।<ref>https://books.google.fr/books?id=sMoLhNQ9KRoC&pg=PA393#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=Kwnv3I6qIosC&pg=PA86 द] ब्रीफ हिस्टरी ऑफ इंडिया </ref> भारतीय ग्रंथ [[भविष्य पुराण]] में भी एह बात के लिखल गइल बा कि चंद्रगुप्त के बियाह सैल्युकस के बेटी से भइल रहे।<ref>फौरन इन्फ्लुएंस ऑन इंडिया, कृष्णा चन्द्र सागर,[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA83&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false 1992]</ref> पुरान बुद्ध, जैन आ हिन्दु लेखन‌ से अशोक के बारे में अलग-अलग बात पता चलेला। [[अवदान साहित्य]] मे लिखल बा कि अशोक रानी सुभद्रंगी के बेटा रहन। अशोकवदन में लिखल बा कि अशोक के माई चम्पा नगर के एगो ब्राह्मण के बेटी रही।<ref>http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666030.2012.725581</ref><ref>रेलिक्स ऑफ द बुद्ध, स्ट्रॉन्ग [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xqAB6PKyP98C&pg=PA136&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false जॉन]</ref> अशोक के नाँव उनके धइल रहे। दिव्यदानो मे अइसने कहानी लिखल बा लेकिन माई के नाँव जनकपदकल्यानी लिखल बा। '''सत्ता के बिस्तार''' 272इशा पूर्व में राजा बिन्दुसार के मरला के बाद राजगद्दी खातिर लड़ाई चालू हो गइल।दिव्यदान में लिखल बा कि, बिन्दुसार आपन बड़ बेटा [[सूसिम]] के आपन उत्तराधिकारी बनावल चाहत रहन, बाकिर अशोक के आपन पिता के मंत्री लोगन के सहजोग मिलल रहे। मंत्री लोग सूसिम के अहंकारी मानत रहन, आउर ई लोग के लागत रहे की सूसिम उ लोग के इज्जत ना करी।<ref>[a][https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jbjT9GG__nEC&pg=PA268&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> पता लागेला कि एगो रधागुप्त नांव के मंत्री अशोक के राजगद्दी ले पहुचावे में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवले रहे। अशोकवदन मे एह बात के लीखल गइल बा कि राजा बनला के बाद अशोक रधागुप्त के प्रधानमंत्री बनवले रहन। [[दिपवंश]] आ [[महावंश]] मे लिखल बा कि अशोक आपन 99 भाईयन के मार के राजा बनल रहन, बाकिर एह बात के सबूत ना मिले। राजा बनला के बाद अशोक आपन राज्य के बहुत तेजी से बिस्तार कीइलें। हुनकर राज उत्तर-पच्छिम में हिंदुकुश से ले के पूरुब में वर्तमान बांग्लादेश ले, आ दक्खिन के ओरे आजकाल के तमिलनाडु आ केरल के कुछ हिस्सा छोड़ के बाकी मय भारत प बिस्तार वाला रहल, उनकर राज बलुचिस्तान आ अफगानिस्तानो पे रहल। '''बियाह''' [[चित्र:Emperor Ashoka and his Queen at the Deer Park.jpg|thumb|middle|अशोक आपन रानी लोग साथे]] <small>अलग-अलग स्त्रोतन से पता लागेला कि अशोक के पाँच गो बियाह भइल रहे। उ लोग के नाँव देवी, करुवाकी, तिष्यारक्षा पद्मावती आउर असन्धिमित्रा रहे। अइसहीँ ईहो पता लागेला कि अशोक चार बेटा आ दुगो बेटी के बाप रहन। बेटन के नाम महेन्द्र(देवी के बेटा), तिवारा (करुवाकी के बेटा), कुनाल (पद्मावती के बेटा), आउर जकुला रहे। बेटी लोग के नाम संघमित्रा(देवी के बेटी) आ चारूमती रहे।</small><ref>Ashoka by मुखर्जी [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC रधकुमुंद]</ref> '''कलिंगा पऽ बिजय आ बुद्ध धर्म में परिवर्तन''' भले अशोक के जीवन के जीवन खून खराबा से भरल रहे बाकिर कलिंगा पऽ बिजय हासिल कइला के बाद उ बुद्ध धर्म के अपना लिहलें।[[कलिंग]] राज्य ओह समय में एगो गणतांत्रिक राज्य रहे जवन की ओह घड़ी के भारत में एगो अपवाद नियन रहे, काहे की ओह घड़ी राजतंत्र रहे। अशोक के गद्दी पऽ बइठला के आठ साल बाद [[कलिंग युद्ध]] भइल। शिलालेखन से पता लागेला की युद्ध बड़ी भयानक रहे जेमे लगभग एक लाख सैनिक मारल गइलें। कहल जाला की कलिंग पऽ बिजय हासिल कइला के बाद, एक दिन अशोक नगर घूमे गइलें जेने उनका खाली तबाही लउकल। युद्ध से भइल ओह तबाही उनका के बदल दिहलस, आ ओकर बाद उ बुद्ध धर्म के अपना लिहलन। '''देहांत आउर बिरासत''' अशोक 36 साल लें राज कइलन, हुनकर 232 ई•पु में देहांत हो गइल। कहल जाला की हुनकर अंतिम संस्कार बजी उनकर लाश सात दिन आउर सात रातन ले जलत रहल।उनका मरला के बाद [[मौर्य साम्राज्य]] 50 साल में ही खतम हो गइल। 185 ई•पु मे अंतिम मौर्य सम्राट बृहदरथ के हत्या हुनकर सेनापति द्वारा कर दिहल गइल। जेकरा बाद [[पुष्पमित्र सूंघ]] राजा बनलें आ सुंघ वंश के स्थापना कीइलें। अशोक के बारे जादे तर बात शीलालेखन से पता लागेला जवन की [[प्राकृत भाषा]] में लिखल बा। == एतेहासिक स्त्रोत == अंग्रेजन के समय के इतिहासकार लगभग अशोक के भुला गइल रहन, बाकिर [[जेम्स प्रिंसपी]] ऐतिहासिक स्त्रोतन के फेनू से जोहे के काम कइलन। [[जॉन ह्यूबर्ट मार्शल]] एगो आउर महत्वपूर्ण इतिहासकार रहन। [[चित्र:AsokaKandahar.jpg|thumb|middle|अशोक के एगो शिलालेख]] अशोक के जीवन आ शासन के जानकारी जादे तर बुद्ध स्त्रोतन से मिलेला। अशोकवदन से अशोक के बारे में ढेर जानकारी मिल जाला,आउर जानकारी दीपवंश,महावंश आ [[अशोक के शिलालेख]] सभ से मीलेला। अशोक के घड़ी के चीज [[कुम्हार]],पटना मे मिलेला। अशोक के अध्यादेश:- अशोक के अध्यादेश 33 गो शिलालेखन के समूह बा। ई शिलालेख सभ [[भारत]] आ [[पाकिस्तान]] में फैलल बा। ई शिलालेख सभ भारत के इतिहास के एगो सभसे बरियार राजा द्वारा बुद्ध धरम के परचार के कहानी बतवेला। [[महावंश]]:- ई [[श्रीलंका]] के राजा लोग के लिखल एगो कविता हऽ जेकरा [[पाली]] भाषा में लिखल गइल बा। == धारना सभ आउर इतिहास लेखन == अशोक के जीवन के जानकारी फेनु से प्राप्त करे में सभ से जादे बुद्ध स्त्रोत के इस्तेमाल कइल गइल बा। पारंपरिक लेखन के आधार पऽ शुरुआती विद्वान अशोक के एगो बौद्ध सम्राट मनले बाड़न, जेकरा धर्म बदले के पड़ल रहे,आ जे बुद्ध धर्म के परचार कइले रहे। रोमिला थापर अशोक के बारे में लिखले बाड़ी की " हमनी के अशोक के दू तरह से देखे के चाहीं, पाहिला एगो राजनेता जवन एक समय में आपन साम्राज्य स्थापित कइलन, आ दूसरा एगो अइसन आदमी जे समाज के बदले खातिर आपन आचार विचार के समाज में फैलीईलें। अशोक अपना घड़ी के हर धर्म के इज्जत करत रहन। हालाकि शिलालेख से ई बात साफ पता लागेला की अशोक बुद्ध धर्म के मानत रहन। एगो शिलालेख में अशोक जानवर सभ के बली देवे वाला वैदिक अनुष्ठान के प्रतिबंधित कइले बाड़न, एकरा से ई बात साबित होखेला की ऊ वैदिक परंपरा के ना मानत रहन। ऊ बुद्ध धर्म के पवित्र जगहन पऽ आपन स्तंभ खड़ा करवईलें बाकिर बाकी सभ धर्म के पवित्र जगह पऽ स्तंभ ना बनववलन। अशोक कर्तव्यन के देखावे ला "धम्म" शब्द के इस्तेमाल कइलन,जवन एगो बौद्ध शब्द हऽ। साथे सारे ऊ बुद्ध धर्म के तीन गो उपदेशनो के परचार कइलन। अशोक के सभ शिलालेखन में अशोक के एगो निमन आ दयालु राजा देखावल गइल बा। कलिंग के शिलालेखन में अशोक अपना के आपन प्रजा के पिता कहले बाड़न आउर आपन प्रजा के आपन संतान बोलले बाड़ें।<ref>http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/ashoka.html</ref> शिलालेखन में अशोक बुद्ध धरम के शिक्षण के लिखववले बाड़न आ अहींसा के अपनावे के कहले बाड़न, साथे साथे ऊ आपन राज के बारे मे बतवले बाड़ें। [[सारनाथ]] के अशोक स्तंभ अशोक के समय के सभ से प्रसिद्ध चीज हऽ। बलुआ पत्थर के बनल स्तंभ अशोक के सारनाथ यात्रा के बारे में बतावेला। स्तंभ के ऊपर चारो दिशा में चार गो शेर के मुह बनल बा जे अशोक के बड़हन आ बरियार राज्य के दर्शावेला। शिलालेखन से मिलल जादे तर जानकारी के इतिहासकार सही मानेलन, लेकिन ई बतावल मुश्किल बा की कुछ चीज साँचो भइल रहे की ना। अशोक के शिलालेख सभ के खोज से पहिले अशोक के बारे में ढ़ेर कहानी प्रचलित रहे जवन की ऐतिहासिक स्त्रोत पऽ आधारित ना रहे। ओह में से कुछ कहानी अशोकवदन में से बा:- 1) ओह में से एगो कहानी जय नाम के एगो लईका के हऽ, एक दिन जब जय सड़क के किनारे खेलत रहे, जहा बुद्ध आ गइलन।छोटहन जय बुद्ध केभीख के कटोरा में एक मुट्ठी माटी रख के आगे चल के बहुत बड़ राजा आ बुद्ध धर्म के अनुयाई बन के वरदान मंगलस।आगे लिखल बा की बुद्ध पूरा ब्रह्माण्ड के अंजोर कऽ दिहलन आ फिर ऊ अंजोरा के आपन बाया हाथ में लेके बोललन की ई लाईका आपन अगीला जनम में बहुत बड़ राजा बनी। बुद्ध ईहो भविष्यवाणी कइलें की हेकर राजधानी पाटलिपुत्र होई। 2)अगिला कहनी में अशोक के एगो खराब आदमी देखावल गइल बा, जे बुद्ध धरम अपनवला के बाद निक आदीमी बनऽता। लिखल बा कि अशोक के शारीरिक कुरूपता के चलते [[बिन्दुसा|बिन्दुसार]] ओकरा के पसंद ना करत रहन। अशोक राजा बनल चाहत रहन एही चलते उ वारिस के जरत कोयला से भरल गड्ढा में डाल दिहलन। उ आपन खराब स्वभाव आउर खिस के चलते "भयंकर अशोक" नाम से प्रसिद्ध भइलन। कहल जाला की उ आपन सैनीकन के वफादारी के परिक्षा खातीर ले गइल रहन, आ सफल ना होला पऽ 500 आदमी के मार दिहलन कहल जाला कि जब कुछ औरत लोग उनकर अपमान कइलस तऽ उ आपन हरम के जरा के मार दिहलन। मानल जाला कि उ लोगन के उदास देखिके आनंद उठावत रहन आउर एकरा खातिर उ एगो बड़हन आउर भयावह उत्पीड़न कक्ष बनईलन जेने उ आउर लोग के यातना देवत रहन। कहानी आगे ई बतावे ले ह कि कईसे एगो पवित्र बौद्ध भिक्षु से मिलला के बाद अशोक धार्मिक बन जा ताड़न। 3) एगो आउर कहानी मे कहल गइल बा की आपन खजाना के बौद्ध संघ उपहार देवल चालु कर देलन। मंत्री सभ के डर लागत रहे की एकरा से साम्राज्य के पतन हो जाई, ईहे चलते अशोक के मना करल गइल।फिर अशोक आपन निजी धन के उपहार मे देवे लगलन। अंत मे कुछ ना बाचल आ हुनकर शांति से निधन भइल। एह बिंदु पऽ इ ध्यान रखल ज़रूरी बा कि अशोकवदन एगो बौद्ध पाठ हऽ, जे बौद्ध धर्म मे नाया लोग जोड़े ला लिखल रहे आउर एही चलते इ सभ किंवदंतियन के इस्तेमाल कइल गइल रहे। एह तरह के ग्रंथन मे कहल गइल बा कि अशोक मूलतः आदर्श बौद्ध शासक रहन, जे प्रशंसा आउर अनुकरण दुनो के हकदार रहन। '''अशोक आउर बुद्ध के अवशेष''' बौद्ध कथा, विशेष रूप से [[महापरिनिर्वाण]], के अनुसार बुद्ध के अवशेष हुनकर मरला के बाद आठ देशों में साझा कइल गइल। अशोक अवशेष वापस लेवे के काम कइलन आउर 84000 स्तूपन में बांट देलन। ई कहानी सांची आउर भरहुत में स्पष्ट रूप से देखाईल गइल बा। == योगदान == [[चित्र:Sanchi2.jpg|thumb|middle|सांची के स्तूप]] एगो बौद्ध राजा होला के नाते,अशोक मानत रहन की बुद्ध धरम आदमी,जानवर, पौधा सभ जीव जंतु खातिर निक बा, एही चलते उ ढेरे स्तूप आ बौद्ध भिख्छु के रहे खातिर घर बनववलें। अशोकवदन में लिखल बा कि अशोक बुद्ध के अवशेष के रखे खातिर 84000 स्तूप बनाए के आदेश देले रहन। अशोक आपन बेटा [[महेंद्र]] आउर बेटी [[संघमित्रा]] के बौद्ध धर्म के परचार खातिर श्रीलंका भेजले रहन। ''' व्यवस्थापक के रूप में ''' [[चित्र:MauryanRingstone.JPG|thumb|middle|मौर्य काल के एगो पत्थर]] अशोक के सेना बरियार रहे, बाकिर बौद्ध धर्म के अपनवला के बाद, ऊ दक्षिण में तीन गो प्रमुख तमिल राज्य चेरस, चोल आ पंड्या के जोरे संघतिया नियन संबंध बनईलन। हुनकर शिलालेखन में कहल गइल बा कि ऊ आपने राज्य आ पड़ोसी राज्यन में लोग आउर जानवरन के चिकित्सा खातीर प्रावधान कइले बाड़न। उ आम लोगन के लाभ खातीर सड़कन पऽ ईनार खोदववले आ पेड़ लगववले बाड़े। ''' जानवर सभ के कल्यान ''' अशोक के शीलालेखन में ई बात साफ लिखल गइल बा की जानवर सभ के दुख देवल केनियो ले नीक काम नइखे।<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka#CITEREFFitzgerald2004</ref> हालाकि ऊ गाय के मांस खाए पऽ रोक ना लगवले रहन।<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JwGZTQunH00C&pg=PA108&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> ऊ उ सभ चार गोड़ वाला जानवरन के मारे पऽ रोक लगा देले रहन जवना के ना कवनो इस्तेमाल रहे आउर ना खाईल जा सकत रहे। संगे-संगे कुछ बिशेष परजाति के चिड़ई आ जानवर के मारे पे रोक लगा देले रहन। एतने ना बलुक उ सभ मादा बकरी, सुअर आ भेड़ के मारे पऽ रोक रहे जवन आपन बच्चा के देखभाल करत होखे। अशोक जानवर के मरला पऽ रोक लगवले रहन आ ओखिनी के इलाज ला अस्पतालो बनववले रहन। अशोक के घड़ी के मौर्य साम्राज्य दुनिया के गीनल चुनल साम्राज्य में आवेला जे आपन जानवर के नागरिक नियन राखत रहे।<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1590561066</ref> ''' अशोक चक्र ''' [[चित्र:Ashoka Chakra.svg|thumb|middle|[[अशोक चक्र]]]] [[अशोक चक्र]] धर्मचक्र के एगो चित्रण बा। एह में चौबीस गो तिली होखला। अशोक चक्र के जगह-जगह बनवावल गइल रहे। आज-काल अशोक चक्र सभ से जादे भारत के झंडा पऽ लउकेला। अशोक चक्र के भारत के झण्डा के उजरका पट्टी पऽ आसमानी रङ्ग से बनावल गइल बा। अशोक चक्र के [[अशोक स्तंभ]] पे भी देखावल गइल बा। '''वास्तुकला ''' अक्सर अशोक के भारत में पत्थर पऽ वास्तुकला चालू करवाए के श्रेय दिहल जाला, जवन की संभवतः यूनानी सभ से सीखल गइल रहे।<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fpfTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT21&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false a]</ref> अशोक से पहिले घर आ मकान अस्थाई समान से बनत रहे जईसे लकड़ी, [[बांस]] आ खपड़ा।<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TlVeuxIgjwQC&pg=PA14&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false सी]</ref> [[पाटलिपुत्र]] में अशोक आपन लकड़ी के महल के पत्थर के बंववलें।<ref>Ashoka was known to be a great builder who may have even imported craftsmen from abroad to build royal monuments." Monuments, Power and Poverty in India: From Ashoka to the Raj, A. S. Bhalla, I.B.Tauris, 2015 p.18</ref> ओह महल के बनवावे में उ बिदेसी कारीगर के इस्तेमाल कइले रहन। ''' अशोक स्तंभ ''' [[चित्र:Ashok Sthamba.jpg|thumb|middle|[[लुंबिनी]],[[नेपाल]](जहवाँ बुद्ध जन्मल रहन) में बनवावल स्तम्भ]] अशोक जगह जगह स्तंभ बनववले रहन। अईसे तऽ अशोक के ढ़ेरे स्तंभ होखे के चाहीँ लेकिन अभी खाली दसे गो बा। स्तंभ सभ के औसत ऊंचाई 40-50 फीट आ वजन 50,000 किलोग्राम बा। सँवसे स्तंभ सभ के बनारस में तरासल गइल रहे आ फिर जगह जगह ले जा के खड़ा कइल गइल रहे।स्तंभ सभ के खोज सोरहवाँ शताब्दी में थॉमस कॉर्यात कइलें रहन। ''' सिंह चतुर्भुज स्तंभ शीर्ष ''' [[चित्र:Sarnath capital.jpg|thumb|middle|भारत के राष्ट्रीय चिह्न]] सिंह चतुर्भुज स्तंभ शीर्ष अशोक के [[सारनाथ]] के स्तंभ पऽ धईल रहे, बाकिर अब उ [[सारनाथ]] संग्रहालय में धईल बा।एकरा भारत के राष्ट्रीय चिन्ह के रूप में भी अपनावल गइल बा। == कला, चलचित्र आ साहित्य में == [[चित्र:Asoka's Queen.jpg|thumb|middle|[[अबनिन्द्रनाथ टैगोर]] के बनावल चित्र जेमे अशोक के रानी के सांची के स्तूप भिरी खड़ा देखावल गइल बा।]] • [[जयशंकर प्रसाद]] 'अशोक की चिंता' (अशोक के चिंता) नाम के एगो कविता लीखले बाड़े, जेह में [[कलिंग]] युद्ध घड़ी अशोक के विचार लिखल गइल बा। • 1941 में [[अशोक कुमार]] नाम के तमिल फिल्म बनवाल गइल रहे जवन अशोक के बारे में रहे। • 1973 में [[अमर चित्रकथा]] अशोक के जीवन पऽ एगो किताब प्रकाशित कइले रहे। • 2001 में अशोक नाम के एगो फिल्म बनल रहे जेह में [[शाहरुख खान]] काम कइले रहन। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[अशोक के आदेसलेख]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|35em}} == स्रोत सामग्री == * {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |authorlink=Upinder Singh |title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century |date=2008 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2008}} }} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Ashoka|अशोक}} {{wikiquote}} * BBC Radio 4: Sunil Khilnani, ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05tpy82 Incarnations: Ashoka.]'' * BBC Radio 4: Melvyn Bragg with Richard Gombrich et al., ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0511tm1 In Our Time, Ashoka the Great]''. * {{Cite book|title = Inscriptions of Asoka: New Edition|last = Hultzsch|first = E.|publisher = Government of India|year = 1925|isbn = |location = Oxford|pages = |url = https://archive.org/details/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[मौर्य वंश]]||304 BCE||232 BCE}} {{S-bef|before=[[बिंदुसार]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[मौर्य साम्राज्य|मौर्य सम्राट]] |years=272–232 BCE}} {{S-aft|after=[[दशरथ मौर्य|दशरथ]]}} {{s-end}} {{Buddhism topics}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:3री-सदी ईसापूर्ब के भारतीय राजा]] [[श्रेणी:मौर्य सम्राट]] [[श्रेणी:अशोक| ]] tkaz2qavtm2stnb5p9ainiowt2g0kg1 0 32510 814321 783721 2026-11-07T05:35:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sirisiya | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India | coordinates = {{coord|26.281|N|84.221|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Siwan District]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = Biresh Yadav | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 2,586 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = 841243 | registration_plate = | website = {{URL|siwan.bih.nic.in/}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]] | footnotes = }} [[श्रेणी:जवन निर्देशांक विकिडेटा पर मौजूद बाटे]] i9fu72d9tqzinx1s85gl6ls27twg9x7 0 32539 814098 804370 2026-11-06T15:04:29Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Countries by GDP (Nominal) in 2014.svg|thumb|370px|बिस्व के देस सभ के जीडीपी (नॉमिनल) के आधार पर नक्शा, आमेरिकी डालर में, स्रोत: "[[विश्व बैंक]]", 2014.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf|title=GDP (Official Exchange Rate)|trans-title=जीडीपी (ऑफिशियल ऍक्सचेंज रेट)|publisher=[[विश्व बैंक]]|accessdate=10 जून 2016}}</ref>]] [[File:GDP PPP 2021 Selection.svg|270px|thumb|जीडीपी (पीपीपी) के डेटा (टॉप के 10 गो देस आ क्षेत्र, 2014) बिन क्रम के देखावल]] '''सकल घरेलू उत्पाद''' (अंग्रेजी: gross domestic product) या '''जीडीपी''' कौनों देस भा क्षेत्र में कौनो निश्चित समय अवधि में होखे वाला कुल उत्पादन के माप हवे। ई सगरी माल आ सेवा सभ के उत्पादन के बाजार मूल्य के मौद्रिक नाप हवे, यानी मुद्रा (रुपिया, डालर वगैरह में) ब्यक्त कइल जाला, आ आमतौर पर तिमाही (साल में चार बेर) या साल भर खाती मापल जाला। [[नॉमिनल जीडीपी के अनुसार बिस्व के देस सभ के लिस्ट|नामिक (नॉमिनल) जीडीपी]] के अनुमान सामान्यतः पूरे देस या क्षेत्र के आर्थिक प्रदर्शन के निर्धारित करे खातिर इस्तेमाल होला, आ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर प आपस में तुलना करे खाती होला। हालाँकि, मुद्रास्फीति के दर अलग-अलग देसवन में अलग-अलग होख्ले के कारण, तुलना करे खातिर नॉमिनल जीडीपी के बहुत नीक तरीका ना मानला जाला। मुद्रास्फीति के परभाव के हटा के तुलना करे खाती जीवनयापन में होखे वाला खर्चा के दर के धियान में रख के [[परचेजिंग पावर पैरिटी]] (पीपीपी) के आधार पर होखे वाली गणना के इस्तेमाल कइल जाला। ==परिभाषा== ओईसीडी ({{abbr|OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development}}) द्वारा सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के परिभाषा दिहल गइल बा कि ई "सगरी निवासी आ संस्थागत इकाई सभ द्वारा उत्पादन के प्रक्रिया में कुल जोड़ल गइल वैल्यू (वैल्यू एडेड; जेह में उत्पाद के सभ के मूल्य में कौनों अन्य टैक्स भी होखे तब ओकरा के जोड़ल गइल होखे, सब्सिडी घटा दिहल गइल होखे) के एक ठो समेकित माप हवे।”<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1163|title = OECD|date = |accessdate = 14 August 2014|website = |publisher = |last = |first = |archive-date = 27 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210627164746/https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1163|url-status = dead}}</ref> अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष (आईएमऍफ़) के अनुसार "जीडीपी, अंतिम उत्पाद आ सेवा सभ के मौद्रिक मूल्य हवे - मने कि, अइसन जे अंतिम प्रयोगकर्ता द्वारा खरीदल जालीं - जिनहन के उत्पादन कौनों देस में एगो निश्चित समय अवधि (साल भा तिमाही में) होखे ला।"<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/gdp.htm|title =Gross Domestic Product: An Economy’s All|date = |accessdate = 3 June 2016|website = |publisher = IMF |last = Callen |first = Tim}}</ref> कुल जीडीपी के कई हिस्सा में तूर के भी बतावल जा सके ला, मने कि अर्थब्यवस्था के अलग-अलग इंडस्ट्री भा सेक्टर अनुसार, जइसे कि खेती के सेक्टर के जीडीपी केतना रहल।<ref>{{Cite book|title = Economics and Economic Change|url = https://archive.org/details/economicseconomi0000unse_c1w5|last = Dawson|first = Graham|publisher = FT / Prentice Hall|year = 2006|isbn = 9780273693512|location = |pages = [https://archive.org/details/economicseconomi0000unse_c1w5/page/205 205]}}</ref> जीडीपी आ कुल जनसँख्या के अनुपात के प्रति ब्यक्ति जीडीपी (या जीडीपी पर प्रति ब्यक्ति आय) कहल जाला आ ई कौनों इलाका में जिनगी के स्तर के सूचक के रूप में इस्तमाल होला। जीडीपी के बिस्व अर्थब्यवस्था के बढ़ती आ बिकास के सभसे प्रमुख सूचक के रूप में भी मानल जाला।<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Power-Single-Number-Political-History/dp/0231175108|title=The Power of a Single Number: A Political History of GDP|last=Lepenies|first=Philipp|date=2016-04-26|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231175104|location=New York|language=en}}</ref>. ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[परचेजिंग पावर पैरिटी]] * [[नॉमिनल जीडीपी के अनुसार बिस्व के देस सभ के लिस्ट|नामिनल जीडीपी अनुसार देसवन के लिस्ट]] * [[राष्ट्रीय आय]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:अर्थशास्त्र शब्दावली]] [[श्रेणी:मैक्रोइकोनॉमिक्स]] {{Econ-stub}} bbmv22ygpzr78tp5vznn4gd7z1lcy1h 0 32623 814100 446367 2026-11-06T15:04:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ियाँ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सजन रे झूठ मत बोलो''' एगो भारतीय हिंदी धारावाहिक हवे जेवन सब टीवी पर प्रसारित हो रहल बा। 14 दिसम्बर 2009 के सुरू भइल आ 6 जनवरी 2012 के खतम भइल। एकर निर्माता विपुल शाह और संजीव शर्मा आ निर्देशक हेमन चौहान बाड़ें। == कलाकार == * सुमित राघवन (अपूर्व शाह)<ref>[http://www.sabtv.com/comedy/character_details.php?sid=20 http://www.sabtv.com/comedy/character_details.php?]</ref> * अमी त्रिवेदी (तूलिका शाह) * शालिनी खन्ना (पल्लवी शाह) == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी कड़ियाँ == {{सब टीवी क धारावाहिक}} [[श्रेणी:सब टीवी के धारावाहिक]] {{Tv-prog-stub}} nab9wqdiw9wbh7621zy7gfrav1hxwld 0 32800 814247 786793 2026-11-06T16:07:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिद्धार्थनगर''' चाहे '''सिद्धार्थ नगर''' से नीचे दिहल अरथ हो सके लें: * [[भैरहवा]] - नेपाल के एगो सहर जेकर नया आ ऑफिशियल नाँव '''सिद्धार्थ नगर''' ह। * [[नौगढ़, सिद्धार्थनगर]] - उत्तर प्रदेश के [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] के मुख्यालय। * [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] - उत्तर प्रदेश के एगो जिला, जे बस्ती से अलग हो के नया जिला बनल। {{बहुअर्थी}} 1z92iddzwqkpkvsxlnd6az8nsy3j0ck 0 33496 813922 804265 2026-11-06T12:56:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = {{native name|cy|Cymru|icon=no}} |image_flag = Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg |alt_flag = A flag of a red dragon passant on a green and white field. |national_motto = {{native phrase|cy|"Cymru am byth"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Wales Forever" or "Long live Wales"}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/fun-stuff/cymru-am-byth-meaning-behind-8592076 |title=Cymru am byth! The meaning behind the Welsh motto |publisher=[[:en:WalesOnline]] |date=6 फरवरी 2015 |accessdate=22 मार्च 2016}}</ref> |national_anthem = "{{lang|cy|[[:en:Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]}}"<br/>{{small|"Land of My Fathers"}} |status = [[:en:Country of the United Kingdom|Country]] |image_map = Wales in the UK and Europe.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |country={{nobold|वेल्स}} |location_color=गहिरा हरियर|subregion=[[यूनाइटेड किंगडम]] |subregion_color=हरियर |region=यूरोप |region_color=गहिरा ग्रे}} |capital = [[कार्डिफ]] {{small|(''{{lang|cy|Caerdydd}}'')}} |latd=51 |latm=29 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=11 |longEW=W |largest_city = capital |languages_type = [[:en:Languages of Wales|Official languages]] |languages = {{flatlist| * [[अंग्रेजी]] * [[:en:Welsh language|Welsh]]}} |demonym = [[Welsh people|Welsh]] {{small|(''{{lang|cy|Cymry}}'')}} <!--Government--> |politics_link = Politics of Wales |government_type = [[:en:Welsh devolution|Devolved]] [[संसद|parliamentary legislature]] within [[संसदीय ब्यवस्था|parliamentary]] [[:en:constitutional monarchy]] |monarch = [[एलिजाबेथ&nbsp;II]] |first_minister = {{nowrap|[[:en:Carwyn Jones]] [[:en:Members of the National Assembly for Wales|AM]]}} |prime_minister = {{nowrap|[[:en:David Cameron]] [[:en:MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2010|MP]]}} |secretary_of_state = {{nowrap|[[:en:Alun Cairns]] [[:en:MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2010|MP]]}} |legislature = {{plainlist| *[[:en:National Assembly for Wales|National Assembly]] *[[:en:Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]]}} |sovereignty_type = [[:en:Wales in the High Middle Ages|Formation]] |established_event1 = Unification by {{nowrap|[[:en:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn]]}} |established_date1 = 1057<ref name="Wales Hist 100"/> |established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Statute of Rhuddlan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100419253|title=Statute of Rhuddlan| publisher=legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=26 July 2014 }}</ref>}} |established_date2 = 3 मार्च 1284 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Laws in Wales Act]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Hen8/27/26/contents|title=Laws in Wales Act 1535 (repealed 21.12.1993)|publisher=legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=26 July 2014 }}</ref>}} |established_date3 = 1535 |established_event4 = [[:en:Government of Wales Act 1998|Devolution]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/38/contents|title=Government of Wales Act 1998| publisher=legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=26 July 2014 }}</ref> |established_date4 = 31 जुलाई 1998 |area_rank = |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 20,779 |area_sq_mi = 8,022 |percent_water = |population_estimate = |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = |population_census = 3,063,456 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 148 |population_density_sq_mi = 381 |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP = £52.070 बिलियन |GDP_rank = |GDP_year = 2013<!--(for national statistics)--> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = £16,893 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |patron_saint = [[Saint David]] {{small|(''{{lang|cy|Dewi&nbsp;Sant}}'')}} |cctld = {{flatlist| *[[.wales]] *[[.cymru]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nominet.org.uk/who-we-are/what-we-do/our-products-services/cymru-wales|title=.cymru .wales|publisher=|accessdate=7 अक्टूबर 2014}}</ref><ref group="नोट">Also [[.uk]], as part of the United Kingdom; and [[.eu]], as part of the European Union. [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused.</ref> }} |official_website = {{URL|http://www.wales.com/}} }}<!---- The status of Wales as a country and as a part of the UK has been subject to extensive debate and mediation and the current form of words in the lead came out of that process. Please raise any issues on the talk page first as direct edits on this subject may prompt an edit war. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT-WAR. -----> '''वेल्स''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Wales|Wales]]}} {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Wales.ogg|ˈ|w|eɪ|l|z}}) एगो [[देस]] बा जे [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम]] के [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम के देस|हिस्सा]] बाटे। [[ग्रेट ब्रिटेन]] के पच्छिमी हिस्सा में मौजूद ई<ref name="Stats 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/the-countries-of-the-uk/index.html|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=statistics.gov.uk|accessdate=10 अक्टूबर 2008|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160108051201/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/the-countries-of-the-uk/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> पुरुब ओर [[इंग्लैंड]] आ उत्तर पच्छिम में [[आयरिश सागर]] आ दक्खिन में [[ब्रिस्टल चैनल]] से बने बाली सीमा वाला बाटे। 2011 में इहाँ के कुल आबादी 3,063,456 रहल आ एकर कुल रकबा {{convert|20779|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} बाटे। वेल्स के समुंद्री सीमारेखा लगभग {{convert|1680|mi}} आ ई मुख्य रूप से पहाड़ी इलाका वाला जगह हवे, ऊँच पहाड़ उत्तरी आ बिचला हिस्सा में बाड़ें, जहाँ [[स्नोडन]] ({{lang|cy|''Yr Wyddfa''}}) एकर सभसे ऊँच पहाड़ी हिस्सा बा। ई देस समशीतोष्ण जलवायु क्षेत्र में बा आ समुंद्री प्रभाव से मौसम बदलत रहे ला। {{Clear}} ==नोट== <references group="नोट"/> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==पुस्तक आ अन्य स्रोत== *{{Cite book|last=Davies|first=John|authorlink=John Davies (historian)|title=A History of Wales|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwales0000davi_g1b0| publisher=Penguin| year=1994| location=London|isbn = 0-14-014581-8}} *{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Davies |editor2-first=Nigel |editor2-last=Jenkins |editor2-link=Nigel Jenkins |editor3-first=Menna |editor3-last=Baines|editor4-first=Peredur I. |editor4-last=Lynch|editor4-link=Peredur Lynch|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]] |year=2008 |publisher=University of Wales Press |location=Cardiff |isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6 }} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Sisterlinks|Wales|s=Category:Wales|b=no|voy=Wales}} <!--- NOTE: please do add links here, but add them to the Open Directory Project at DMOZ. If you have a website you want to promote, that will give you a backlink; here, all links are no follow. All SPAM links and non-official or commercial sites WILL be removed immediately ---> * [http://www.wales.gov.uk/ Welsh Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820032137/http://www.wales.gov.uk/ |date=2008-08-20 }} * [http://www.assembly-wales.org/ National Assembly for Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914005811/http://assembly-wales.org/ |date=2017-09-14 }} * [http://www.wales-legislation.org.uk/ Wales Legislation Online, Cardiff Law School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423065947/http://www.wales-legislation.org.uk/ |date=2011-04-23 }} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/ BBC Wales] * {{osmrelation|58437}} *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Wales}} * [http://www.visitwales.com/ VisitWales.com] The official international guide to places to stay and things to do in Wales. * [http://www.visitwales.co.uk/ VisitWales.co.uk] The official UK guide to places to stay and things to do in Wales. * [http://www.wales.com/ Wales – Official Gateway to Wales] * [http://www.gtj.org.uk/ Gathering the Jewels – Welsh Heritage and Culture] * [http://www.panoramio.com/user/74349/tags/Wales Photographs of Wales] {{Geographic location | Centre = {{flag|Wales}} | N = {{flag|Isle of Man}}<br/>''[[Irish Sea]]'' | NE = {{flag|England}} | E = {{flag|England}} | SE = {{flag|England}} | S = ''[[Bristol Channel]]'' | SW = ''[[Celtic Sea]]'' | W = ''[[Irish Sea]]''<br/>{{flag|Ireland}} | NW = [[Northern Ireland]]<br/>''[[Irish Sea]]'' }} {{English official language clickable map}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:वेल्स| ]] [[श्रेणी:सेल्टिक राष्ट्र]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी भासाभासी देस आ राज्यक्षेत्र]] [[श्रेणी:दीपीय देस]] <!-- [[श्रेणी:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom]] --> <!-- [[श्रेणी:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union]] --> [[श्रेणी:यूनाइटेड किंगडम|वेल्स]] [[श्रेणी:ग्रेट ब्रिटेन]] {{Europe-geo-stub}} {{UK-stub}} er4bxfahbhmbb09mbelwgo0ek8i46l3 0 33738 814341 786541 2026-11-07T05:36:42Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = सीआईडी | image = | caption = | creator = बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह | writer = बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह, श्रीराम राघवन, श्रीधर राघवन, रजत अरोड़ा, <!-- वीरेंद्र शहने, चृसबेल्ले डी'सौजा, शिल्पा चौबे, सुशील चौबे, संतोष शेट्टी, अभिषेक गर्ग, अजय सिंह, अबीर सेनगुप्ता, नीतिका कंवर, नईला चोगले, पाखी कार्तिक, प्रोनती सेनगुप्ता, कंकना मैत्र, गोपाल कुलकर्णी, ईश्वर सिंह, तन्मय सिंह, अपर्णा नदिग, आनंद गोरडिया, स्वाति गोरडिया और आदित्य सिन्हा --> | director = बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह, राजन वाघधरे, सीबा मिश्रा, संतोष शेट्टी, सलिल सिंह, नितिन चौधरी | producer = बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह, प्रदीप उपूर | executive_producer = {{unbulleted list|सतीश दुबे|शाश्वन्त जैन|राजेन्द्र पाटिल|विकास कुमार}} | genre = अपराध | format = प्रक्रियात्मक पुलिस | picture_format = | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 26 अप्रैल 2015 को 1,221 हुआ। | runtime = 42 - 44 मिनट | starring = [[#कलाकार|नीचे देखें]] | editor = केदार गोतागे, भक्ति मायालों, शचिन्द्र वत्स | cinematography = बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह, राकेश सारंग<!-- , सीबा मिश्रा, धनंजय कुलकर्णी, राजेश दिवाकर, आरपी सिंह, राजेंद्र प्रसाद --> | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | company = फायरवर्क्स | network = सोनी | related = सीआईडी: स्पेशल ब्यूरो | first_aired = 21 जनवरी 1998 | last_aired = वर्तमान | website = }} '''सीआईडी'''  एगो भारतीय हिंदी धारावाहिक हवे जेवन सोनी टीवी पर प्रसारित हो रहल बा।एकर पहिला प्रसारण 21 जनवरी 1998 के भइल।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/beyond-business/sonys-cid-fifteen-years-and-counting/33955/0|title=Forbes India Magazine - Sony's CID: Fifteen Years and Counting|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-09|archive-date=2016-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808081658/http://forbesindia.com/article/beyond-business/sonys-cid-fifteen-years-and-counting/33955/0|url-status=dead}}</ref> एकर निर्माता बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह और प्रदीप उपूर आ निर्देशक राजन वाघधरे, सीबा मिश्रा, संतोष शेट्टी, सलिल सिंह और नितिन चौधरी बाड़ें। == कलाकार == * बृजेन्द्र पाल सिंह - पुलिस उपायुक्त चित्रोले (निर्देशक, निर्माता, लेखक और सर्जक) * शिवाजी साटम - एसीपी प्रद्युमन (1998-वर्तमान) * दयानन्द शेट्टी - वरिष्ठ निरीक्षक दया (1998-वर्तमान) * आदित्य श्रीवास्तव - वरिष्ठ निरीक्षक अभिजीत (1999-वर्तमान) * दिनेश फड्निस - उप निरीक्षक फ्रेडरिक्स/फ्रेडी (1998-वर्तमान) * गौरव खन्ना - वरिष्ठ निरीक्षक काविन (2014-वर्तमान) * अंशा सयद - निरीक्षक पूर्वी (2011-वर्तमान) * जान्वी छेड़ा - निरीक्षक श्रेया (2012-वर्तमान) * मनिन्दर सिंह - वरिष्ठ निरीक्षक दुष्यंत (2014-वर्तमान) * विकास कुमार - वरिष्ठ निरीक्षक रजत (2014-वर्तमान) * ऋषिकेश पांडे - निरीक्षक सचिन (2010-वर्तमान) * अभय शुक्ला - उप निरीक्षक निखिल (2011-वर्तमान) * अजय नागरथ - उप निरीक्षक पंकज (2012-वर्तमान) * तान्या अब्रोल - उप निरीक्षक जयवंती शिंदे (2014-वर्तमान) * विकास सल्गोत्रा - उप निरीक्षक मयूर (2014-वर्तमान) * अंकुर शर्मा कबीर - उप निरीक्षक करन (2014-वर्तमान) * नरेंद्र गुप्ता - डॉ॰ सालुंखे (1998-वर्तमान) * श्रद्धा मूसले - डॉ॰ तारिका (2007-वर्तमान) ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|30em}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय टेलीविजन धारावाहिक]] {{Tv-prog-stub}} ifjj1mqzgfao8pqugrb8rshj97zpry5 0 33920 814175 763751 2026-11-06T15:55:47Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सवेरा''' एगो 11 मंजिल क 4 सितारा होटल ह जवन की मैलापोर, [[चेन्नई]] में आइल बा।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saverahotel.com/about-us.php|title=सवेरा होटल के बारे में|publisher=सवेराहोटल.कॉम|accessdate=|archive-date=2016-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322055602/http://saverahotel.com/about-us.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> एकर दुगो इकाई बा जेमें से एगो वालनट होटल नांव से [[हैदराबाद]] में और दूसरा लोटस पार्क नांव से बंगलौर में बा। ==इतिहास== इ होटल 1965 में एगो साझेदारी फर्म की तौर प शुरू भइल रहे, एके शुरू करे वाला प्रमुख व्यक्ति ए. वेंकटाकृष्ण रेड्डी, एम्. रामाराघव रेड्डी और ए. श्यामसुन्दर रेड्डी रहे लो, इ लोग रियल एस्टेट में एगो लम्बा अनुभव की बाद मैलापोर जवन की शहर में एगो प्रमुख इलाका रहे, ओइजा 5000 वर्ग मीटर जमीन लेके 20 कमरा और एगो रेस्तरां बनावल लो। 1969 में इ प्रमोटर्स लोग सवेरा होटल्स प्राइवेट लिमिटेड नांव से एगो कंपनी खोलल लो, एकरी बाद इ कम्पनी असल होटल की आसपास 4684 वर्ग मीटर क जमीन अधिग्रहित कईलस। 1972 में कम्पनी काम शुरू कईलस, 125 गो नया कमरा जुड़ल और असल 20 कमरा के कांफ्रेंस रूम और ऑफिस में रूपांतरण करा गइल। कईगो जरुरी चीज जैसे की स्विमिंग पूल पहिलहीं से बनल रहे, इ ओ समय की हिसाब से शहर की होटल उद्योग में एगो असामान्य विचार रहे। 1975 में मीनार, ख़ास मोगलई व्यंजन परोसे वाला रेस्तरां खुलल। 1978 में, पल्लवी थिएटर, ऑडियो-विसुअल और 35 मिमी प्रोजेक्टर वाला ऑडीटोरियम बनल। 1982 में होटल की कुल 125 कमरा में सीसीटीवी लागल। बाद में 1991 में पल्लवी थिएटर क कॉन्फ्रेंस रूम में रुपान्तरण करा गइल। 1992 में स्वीट टच नांव से एगो पेस्ट्री शॉप शुरू भइल। साझेदारी फर्म और कम्पनी साथे साथे 1985 ले चलल, ओकरी बाद साझेदारी भंग हो गइल और सवेरा एंटरप्राइजेज लिमिटेड एकर सब सम्पति अधिग्रहित क लिहलस। 2007 में कम्पनी आपन नांव सवेरा होटल्स लिमिटेड से सवेरा इंडस्ट्रीज लिमिटेड क लिहलस।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/savera-industries-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-8495.cms|title=सवेरा इंडस्ट्रीज लिमिटेड - कंपनी का इतिहास |publisher=इकनोमिकटाइम्स.इंडियाटाइम्स.कॉम |accessdate=}}</ref> ==होटल== ए होटल में 7गो खईले पियले क स्थल बा, कई प्रकार क भोजन परोसे वाला ए कुल रेस्तरां क नांव ह द पियानो, एगो दक्षिण भारतीय रेस्तरां जेकर नांव मालगुडी ह, करी टाउन, बे 146, ब्रेव रूम और केक शॉप नांव से बेकरी। ए होटल में 10गो मीटिंग स्थल बा।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleartrip.com/hotels/info/savera-hotel-171385|title=सवेरा होटल की विशेषताएं|publisher=क्लिरट्रिप.कॉम |accessdate=}}</ref> ए होटल क एगो कॉर्पोरेट सोशल रेस्पोंसिबिलिटी इकाई बा जेकर नांव ह सवेरा होटल एकेडमी जवन की छात्र लोगन के होस्पिटलिटी उद्योग में करियर बनावे खातिर मार्गदर्शन देला। ==घटना== 31 दिसम्बर 2007 के, नया साल की समारोह खातिर एइजा स्विमिंग पुल की ऊपर एगो अस्थायी फर्श बनावल गइल रहे ऊ गिर गइल जेसे 3 आदमी क मृत्यु हो गइल और 2 जानें घायल हो गईने।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/chennai-hotel-stage-collapse-two-more-succumb-to-injuries/258732/|title=चेन्नई होटल चरण पतन: दो और घायल |publisher=आर्काइव.इंडियनएक्सप्रेस.कॉम |accessdate=}}</ref> ==संदर्भ== [[श्रेणी:चेन्नई के होटल]] [[श्रेणी:चेन्नई के स्काईस्क्रैपर]] qibn61khyyz1f0pql09oobp7jenhe1x 0 33922 813872 780665 2026-11-06T12:52:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BridgeTypePix |type_name = वियाडक्ट<br><small>Viaduct</small> |image = MiltonViaduct.jpg |image_title = [[Laigh Milton Viaduct]] in Ayrshire is the oldest surviving railway bridge in Scotland |sibling_names = None |descendent_names = None |ancestor_names = Trestle bridge, Box girder bridge |carries = [[Controlled-access highway|ऍक्सप्रेसवे]], [[हाइवे]], [[सड़क]], [[रेल परिवहन|रेलवे]] |span_range = छोट (कई ठे) |material = reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, masonry |movable = No |design = medium |falsework = available for use, since viaducts are all composed of low bridges. }} '''वियाडक्ट''', '''वीय'डक्ट''' या '''वायाडक्ट''' ({{Lang|en|viaduct}}) एक प्रकार के लंबा आ ऊँच [[पुल]] होला जे सड़क या रेल लाइन के [[घाटी]] भा गहिरा हिस्सा के ऊपर से पार करे खातिर बनावल जाला<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/viaduct|title=Definition of VIADUCT|publisher=}}</ref> आ कई ठे आर्च ([[मेहराब]]) वाला हिस्सन से मिल के बनल होला। ई लातीनी भाषा के ''via'' (सड़क) आ ''ducere'' (पहुँचल) से बनल हवे हालाँकि ई पुरान रोमन समय में न इस्तेमाल होखे आ [[एक्वाडक्ट]] के तर्ज पर आधुनिक समय में गढ़ल शब्द हवे। {{Clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} {{commons category|Viaduct}} [[श्रेणी:पुल]] [[श्रेणी:परिवहन]] [[श्रेणी:सड़क परिवहन]] [[श्रेणी:रेल परिवहन]] {{Struct-stub}} 2lxs23t0fgz9uxw2lzaqqj8pm8fds99 0 33928 813902 563164 2026-11-06T12:55:29Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bridge |bridge_name = Wiesen Viaduct |native_name = Wiesener Viadukt |native_name_lang = de |image = RhB Ge 4-4 II Wiesener Viadukt.jpg |image_size = 350 |alt = Wiesen Viaduct. |caption = A RhB Ge 4/4 II with a [[push–pull train]] crossing the viaduct |official_name = Wiesener Viadukt |other_name = |carries = [[Rhaetian Railway|Rhaetian Railway (RhB)]] |crosses = [[Landwasser (river)|Landwasser]] |locale = [[Wiesen, Switzerland|Wiesen]] Switzerland |owner = Rhaetian Railway (RhB) |maint = Rhaetian Railway (RhB) |id = |designer = Friedrich Hennings |architect = G. Marasi (Westermann & Cie, Zürich), P. Salaz and Heinz Studer (RhB) |design = [[Arch bridge]], [[Viaduct]] |material = Concrete blocks with [[dimension stone]] coverage |length = {{convinfobox|210|m||ft}} |width = {{convinfobox|3.7|m||ft}} |height = {{convinfobox|88.9|m||ft}} |mainspan = {{convinfobox|55|m||ft}} |spans = 7 |pierswater = 0 |load = |clearance = |below = |life = |builder = Westermann & Cie, Zürich |fabricator = |begin = October 1906 |complete = |open = 1 July 1909 |inaugurated = 1 July 1909 |cost = CHF 324,000 (1909) |toll = |traffic = 29 passenger trains |preceded = |followed = |heritage = |collapsed = |closed = |map_cue = |map_image = |map_alt = |map_text = |map_width = |coordinates = {{coord|46|41|40|N|09|42|46|E|region:CH-GR_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=it}} |lat = |long = |extra = }} '''वीसन वियाडक्ट''' ([[अंग्रेजी]]:''Wiesen Viaduct'' या ''Wiesener Viaduct''; {{lang-de|Wiesener Viadukt}}) एक ठो सिंगल लाइन वाला रेलवे [[वियाडक्ट]] बाटे। ई स्विट्जरलैंड के [[वीसन, स्विट्जरलैंड|वीसन]] नाम के जगह के लगे बा। ई कंक्रीट के बनल बड़ा-बड़ा ब्लाक आ पत्थर से बनल एगो पुल बाटे। एकर निर्माण 1906 से 1909 के बीच भइल। आज भी एह पर रेलगाड़ी चले ले। एकर डिजाइन हेनिंग फ्रेडरिक के रहल अ प्रमुख बात ई बाटे कि ई पुल 88.9 मीटर ऊँच आ 210 मीटर लंबा बा जेह में मुख्य बिस्तार वाला हिस्सा 55 मीटर के बाटे। अर्नस्ट लुडविग किर्चनर के 1926 में बनावल पेंटिंग Brücke bei Wiesen एही से प्रभावित रहल। {{Clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:स्विट्जरलैंड के पर्यटन स्थल]] [[श्रेणी:स्विट्जरलैंड के पुल]] {{struct-stub}} fdhj58vyr71y3q2p4qhvnoo2w4sds8x 0 33980 814399 368330 2026-11-07T07:17:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सूक्ष्मजलवायु''' या माइक्रोक्लाइमेट, छोट इलाका में [[जलवायु]] के बिबिधता के कहल जाला। आमतौर पर कौनों इलाका के जवन भी जलवायु होखे ओकरे से अलग प्रकार के मौसमी दशा ओह बड़ा इलाका के बहुत छोट-छोट क्षेत्र में देखे के मिल सकेला। ई छोट क्षेत्र कुछ वर्गमीटर से ले के कुछ वर्ग किलोमीटर ले के हो सके लें। सूक्ष्म जलवायु के ई छोटहन इलाका पानी के स्रोत के आसपास पावल जा सके लें जहाँ नमी के मौजूदगी के कारण एक ठो छोट क्षेत्र में पानी के आसपास दूसरे प्रकार के [[तापमान]] आ [[वायुमंडल में नमी|नमी के दशा]] पावल जा सकेला। ई शहरी इलाका में भी होला आ आमतौर पर शहर में मौजूद कंक्रीट के इमारत आ सडक सभ ढेर गर्मी सोख के एगो छोट क्षेत्र में ढेर गरम मौसमी दशा पैदा कर देला जवना के [[शहरी गर्म दीप]] कहल जाल आ इहो माइक्रोक्लाइमेट के उदाहरण बाटे। [[श्रेणी:जलवायु बिज्ञान]] {{Climate-stub}} 9hihb7mqaevmf8wmv2w1ambgc5dthvh 10 34441 814086 531013 2026-11-06T14:29:32Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = इलाहाबाद प्रमुखस्थल | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | title = [[इलाहाबाद]] के [[पर्यटन आकर्षण|प्रमुखस्थल सभ]] | bodyclass = hlist |group1= बिल्डिंग आ<br/>संरचना | groupstyle = text-align: left; |list1 = {{Navbox subgroup | groupstyle = width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee; |liststyle = width:auto; | group1 = पुल | list1 = * [[नवका यमुना पुल]] * [[पुराना नैनी पुल]] * [[कर्जन ब्रिज]] | group2 = शासन | list2 = * [[इलाहाबाद हाइकोर्ट]] * [[उत्तर प्रदेश पुलिस|राज्य पुलिस मुख्यालय]] | group3 = म्यूजियम आ<br/>लाइब्रेरी | list3 = * [[इलाहाबाद म्यूजियम]] * [[आनंद भवन]] * [[थार्नहिल मेमोरियल]] * [[राजकीय पब्लिक लाइब्रेरी, इलाहाबाद|पब्लिक लाइब्रेरी]] * [[भारती भवन लाइब्रेरी]] | group4 = पार्क आ बाग-बगइचा | list4 = * [[अल्फ्रेड पार्क]] * [[खुसरू बाग]] * [[मिंटो पार्क, इलाहाबाद|मिंटो पार्क]] | group5 = पूजा के जगह | list5 = * [[पत्थर गिरजा|ऑल सेंट्स कैथेड्रल]] * [[सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल, इलाहाबाद|सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल]] * [[नागवासुकी मंदिर, इलाहाबाद|नागवासुकी]] * [[शंकर विमान मंडप]] * [[हनुमान मंदिर, सिविल लाइंस, इलाहाबाद|हनुमान मंदिर]] * [[लेटे हनुमान जी]] * [[ललिता देवी मंदिर]] | group6 = शॉपिंग (खरीदारी) के जगह</br>आ बजार | list6 = * [[सिविल लाइंस, इलाहाबाद|सिविल लाइंस]] * [[चौक, इलाहाबाद|चौक]] * [[कटरा, इलाहाबाद|कटरा]] | group7 = खेल | list7 = * [[मदन मोहन मालवीय स्टेडियम]] * [[अमिताभ बच्चन स्पोर्ट्स कॉम्प्लेक्स]] | group8 = संरचना | list8 = * [[स्वराज भवन]] * [[मेयो मेमोरियल हाल]] * [[इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय]] * [[जवाहर तारामंडल]] * [[इलाहाबाद किला]] * [[समुद्र कूप]] | group9 = परिवहन/यातायात | list9 = * [[इलाहाबाद जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद सिटी (रामबाग) रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद छिवकी रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[नैनी जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद हवाईअड्डा]] * [[इलाहाबाद मोनोरेल]] | group10 = अन्य | list10 = * [[त्रिवेणी संगम|संगम]] }} | group11 = मेला, तिहवार <br>आ समारोह | list11 = * [[इलाहाबाद कुंभ मेला|कुंभ मेला]] * [[इंदिरा मैराथन]] * [[प्रयाग अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म फेस्टिवल]] | group12 = इतिहास | list12 = * [[इलाहाबाद के इतिहास|इतिहास]] * [[इलाहाबाद के इतिहास के टाइमलाइन|टाइमलाइन]] * [[इलाहाबाद के संधि]] * [[1857 के बिद्रोह]] * [[भारत के राजधानी सभ के लिस्ट|भारत के राजधानी]] * [[इलाहाबाद संबोधन]] <!-- * [[१९५४ कुंभ मेला भगदड़]] * [[२०१३ कुंभ मेला भगदड़]]--> | group13 = लोग | list13 = [[इलाहाबाद से जुड़ल लोग सभ के लिस्ट|लोगन के लिस्ट]] | group14 = सड़क आ गली | list14 = * [[महात्मा गाँधी मार्ग, इलाहाबाद |एम. जी. मार्ग]] }} <noinclude>[[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद टेम्पलेट]]</noinclude> mjs2m8rxyo9flu84hey4y80hw4fpekb 814087 814086 2026-11-06T14:30:46Z SM7 3953 Protected "[[टेम्पलेट:इलाहाबाद प्रमुखस्थल]]": पॉसिबल मूव उत्पात ([संपादन करीं=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [स्थानांतरण=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) 814086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = इलाहाबाद प्रमुखस्थल | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | title = [[इलाहाबाद]] के [[पर्यटन आकर्षण|प्रमुखस्थल सभ]] | bodyclass = hlist |group1= बिल्डिंग आ<br/>संरचना | groupstyle = text-align: left; |list1 = {{Navbox subgroup | groupstyle = width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee; |liststyle = width:auto; | group1 = पुल | list1 = * [[नवका यमुना पुल]] * [[पुराना नैनी पुल]] * [[कर्जन ब्रिज]] | group2 = शासन | list2 = * [[इलाहाबाद हाइकोर्ट]] * [[उत्तर प्रदेश पुलिस|राज्य पुलिस मुख्यालय]] | group3 = म्यूजियम आ<br/>लाइब्रेरी | list3 = * [[इलाहाबाद म्यूजियम]] * [[आनंद भवन]] * [[थार्नहिल मेमोरियल]] * [[राजकीय पब्लिक लाइब्रेरी, इलाहाबाद|पब्लिक लाइब्रेरी]] * [[भारती भवन लाइब्रेरी]] | group4 = पार्क आ बाग-बगइचा | list4 = * [[अल्फ्रेड पार्क]] * [[खुसरू बाग]] * [[मिंटो पार्क, इलाहाबाद|मिंटो पार्क]] | group5 = पूजा के जगह | list5 = * [[पत्थर गिरजा|ऑल सेंट्स कैथेड्रल]] * [[सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल, इलाहाबाद|सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल]] * [[नागवासुकी मंदिर, इलाहाबाद|नागवासुकी]] * [[शंकर विमान मंडप]] * [[हनुमान मंदिर, सिविल लाइंस, इलाहाबाद|हनुमान मंदिर]] * [[लेटे हनुमान जी]] * [[ललिता देवी मंदिर]] | group6 = शॉपिंग (खरीदारी) के जगह</br>आ बजार | list6 = * [[सिविल लाइंस, इलाहाबाद|सिविल लाइंस]] * [[चौक, इलाहाबाद|चौक]] * [[कटरा, इलाहाबाद|कटरा]] | group7 = खेल | list7 = * [[मदन मोहन मालवीय स्टेडियम]] * [[अमिताभ बच्चन स्पोर्ट्स कॉम्प्लेक्स]] | group8 = संरचना | list8 = * [[स्वराज भवन]] * [[मेयो मेमोरियल हाल]] * [[इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय]] * [[जवाहर तारामंडल]] * [[इलाहाबाद किला]] * [[समुद्र कूप]] | group9 = परिवहन/यातायात | list9 = * [[इलाहाबाद जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद सिटी (रामबाग) रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद छिवकी रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[नैनी जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद हवाईअड्डा]] * [[इलाहाबाद मोनोरेल]] | group10 = अन्य | list10 = * [[त्रिवेणी संगम|संगम]] }} | group11 = मेला, तिहवार <br>आ समारोह | list11 = * [[इलाहाबाद कुंभ मेला|कुंभ मेला]] * [[इंदिरा मैराथन]] * [[प्रयाग अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म फेस्टिवल]] | group12 = इतिहास | list12 = * [[इलाहाबाद के इतिहास|इतिहास]] * [[इलाहाबाद के इतिहास के टाइमलाइन|टाइमलाइन]] * [[इलाहाबाद के संधि]] * [[1857 के बिद्रोह]] * [[भारत के राजधानी सभ के लिस्ट|भारत के राजधानी]] * [[इलाहाबाद संबोधन]] <!-- * [[१९५४ कुंभ मेला भगदड़]] * [[२०१३ कुंभ मेला भगदड़]]--> | group13 = लोग | list13 = [[इलाहाबाद से जुड़ल लोग सभ के लिस्ट|लोगन के लिस्ट]] | group14 = सड़क आ गली | list14 = * [[महात्मा गाँधी मार्ग, इलाहाबाद |एम. जी. मार्ग]] }} <noinclude>[[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद टेम्पलेट]]</noinclude> mjs2m8rxyo9flu84hey4y80hw4fpekb 814088 814087 2026-11-06T14:30:47Z SM7 3953 Adding {{pp-move}} 814088 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-move|reason=पॉसिबल मूव उत्पात|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{Navbox | name = इलाहाबाद प्रमुखस्थल | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | title = [[इलाहाबाद]] के [[पर्यटन आकर्षण|प्रमुखस्थल सभ]] | bodyclass = hlist |group1= बिल्डिंग आ<br/>संरचना | groupstyle = text-align: left; |list1 = {{Navbox subgroup | groupstyle = width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee; |liststyle = width:auto; | group1 = पुल | list1 = * [[नवका यमुना पुल]] * [[पुराना नैनी पुल]] * [[कर्जन ब्रिज]] | group2 = शासन | list2 = * [[इलाहाबाद हाइकोर्ट]] * [[उत्तर प्रदेश पुलिस|राज्य पुलिस मुख्यालय]] | group3 = म्यूजियम आ<br/>लाइब्रेरी | list3 = * [[इलाहाबाद म्यूजियम]] * [[आनंद भवन]] * [[थार्नहिल मेमोरियल]] * [[राजकीय पब्लिक लाइब्रेरी, इलाहाबाद|पब्लिक लाइब्रेरी]] * [[भारती भवन लाइब्रेरी]] | group4 = पार्क आ बाग-बगइचा | list4 = * [[अल्फ्रेड पार्क]] * [[खुसरू बाग]] * [[मिंटो पार्क, इलाहाबाद|मिंटो पार्क]] | group5 = पूजा के जगह | list5 = * [[पत्थर गिरजा|ऑल सेंट्स कैथेड्रल]] * [[सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल, इलाहाबाद|सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल]] * [[नागवासुकी मंदिर, इलाहाबाद|नागवासुकी]] * [[शंकर विमान मंडप]] * [[हनुमान मंदिर, सिविल लाइंस, इलाहाबाद|हनुमान मंदिर]] * [[लेटे हनुमान जी]] * [[ललिता देवी मंदिर]] | group6 = शॉपिंग (खरीदारी) के जगह</br>आ बजार | list6 = * [[सिविल लाइंस, इलाहाबाद|सिविल लाइंस]] * [[चौक, इलाहाबाद|चौक]] * [[कटरा, इलाहाबाद|कटरा]] | group7 = खेल | list7 = * [[मदन मोहन मालवीय स्टेडियम]] * [[अमिताभ बच्चन स्पोर्ट्स कॉम्प्लेक्स]] | group8 = संरचना | list8 = * [[स्वराज भवन]] * [[मेयो मेमोरियल हाल]] * [[इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय]] * [[जवाहर तारामंडल]] * [[इलाहाबाद किला]] * [[समुद्र कूप]] | group9 = परिवहन/यातायात | list9 = * [[इलाहाबाद जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद सिटी (रामबाग) रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद छिवकी रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[नैनी जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[इलाहाबाद हवाईअड्डा]] * [[इलाहाबाद मोनोरेल]] | group10 = अन्य | list10 = * [[त्रिवेणी संगम|संगम]] }} | group11 = मेला, तिहवार <br>आ समारोह | list11 = * [[इलाहाबाद कुंभ मेला|कुंभ मेला]] * [[इंदिरा मैराथन]] * [[प्रयाग अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म फेस्टिवल]] | group12 = इतिहास | list12 = * [[इलाहाबाद के इतिहास|इतिहास]] * [[इलाहाबाद के इतिहास के टाइमलाइन|टाइमलाइन]] * [[इलाहाबाद के संधि]] * [[1857 के बिद्रोह]] * [[भारत के राजधानी सभ के लिस्ट|भारत के राजधानी]] * [[इलाहाबाद संबोधन]] <!-- * [[१९५४ कुंभ मेला भगदड़]] * [[२०१३ कुंभ मेला भगदड़]]--> | group13 = लोग | list13 = [[इलाहाबाद से जुड़ल लोग सभ के लिस्ट|लोगन के लिस्ट]] | group14 = सड़क आ गली | list14 = * [[महात्मा गाँधी मार्ग, इलाहाबाद |एम. जी. मार्ग]] }} <noinclude>[[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद टेम्पलेट]]</noinclude> jh8bwjcvya6wq7aqkwgevg73fi5v0u7 0 34864 814416 780677 2026-11-07T07:47:20Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish2|अन्य [[सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल (बहुअर्थी)|सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल]] सभ}} {{Infobox church |name = सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल |fullname = |other name = |image = |imagesize = |imagelink = |imagealt = |landscape = |caption = |pushpin map = India Uttar Pradesh |pushpin label position = |pushpin map alt = |pushpin mapsize = |relief = |map caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन |latd = 25.4575 |latm = |lats = |latNS = N |longd = 81.8444 |longm = |longs = |longEW = E |coordinates = {{coord|25.4575|81.8444|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> |osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall|TEXT}} --> |location = 32, थॉर्नहिल रोड, [[इलाहाबाद]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] |country = [[भारत]] |denomination = [[रोमन कैथोलिक चर्च|रोमन कैथोलिक]] |previous denomination = |churchmanship = |membership = |attendance = |website = {{URL|http://www.dioceseofallahabad.org/}} |former name = |bull date = |founded date = {{start date|1879}} |founder = |dedication = [[सेंट जोसेफ]] |dedicated date = |consecrated date = |cult = |relics = |events = |past bishop = |people = |status = [[कैथेड्रल]] |functional status = खुला |heritage designation = |designated date = |architect = |architectural type = |style = |groundbreaking = |completed date = |construction cost = |closed date = |demolished date = |capacity = |length = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |width = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |width nave = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |height = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |diameter = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |other dimensions = |floor count = |floor area = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |dome quantity = |dome height outer = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |dome height inner = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |dome dia outer = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |dome dia inner = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |spire quantity = |spire height = <!-- {{convert|}} --> |materials = |bells = |bells hung = |bell weight = <!-- {{CwtQtrLb to kg|}} --> |parish = |deanery = |archdeaconry = |episcopalarea = |archdiocese = |metropolis = |diocese = [[रोमन कैथोलिक डायसिस ऑफ इलाहाबाद|डायसिस ऑफ इलाहाबाद]] |province = |presbytery = |synod = |circuit = |district = |division = |subdivision = |archbishop = |bishop = [[:en:sede vacante|See is vacant]] |dean = |provost = |provost-rector = |viceprovost = |subdean = |precentor = |chancellor = |canonchancellor = |canon = |canonmissioner = |canonpastor = |canontreasurer = |succentor = |archdeacon = |prebendary = |rector = |vicar = |curate = |priestincharge = |priest = |asstpriest = |minister = |assistant = |honpriest = |deacon = |deaconness = |seniorpastor = |pastor = |abbot = |chaplain = |reader = |student intern = |organistdom = |director = |organist = |organscholar = |chapterclerk = |laychapter = |warden = |verger = |businessmgr = |liturgycoord = |reledu = |rcia = |youthmin = |flowerguild = |musicgroup = |parishadmin = |serversguild = |logo = |logosize = |logolink = |logoalt = }} '''सेंट जोसेफ़्स कैथेड्रल''' ({{Lang|en|St. Joseph's Cathedral}}) इलाहाबाद में एक ठो रोमन कैथोलिक कैथेड्रल बाटे।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.easternuptourism.com/St.-Joseph-Cathedral.jsp|title=St. Joseph's Cathedral |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website=easternuptourism.com |publisher= |accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dioceseofallahabad.org/Default.aspx |title=Diocese of Allahabad |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website=dioceseofallahabad.org |publisher= |accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref> 1879 में बनल ई कैथेड्रल इटैलियन आर्किटेक्चर के बहुत नीक नमूना बाटे।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allahabadinfo.com/church.html |title=Churches in Allahabad |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website=allahabadinfo.com |publisher= |accessdate=11 September 2013 |archive-date=8 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808200815/http://allahabadinfo.com/church.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/1538.htm |title=St. Joseph’s Cathedral |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website=gcatholic.org |publisher= |accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref> इहो कहल जाला कि एकरा निर्माण के सामग्री आ कारीगर लोग इटली से आइल रहल।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dentotourism.net/ot14.htm |title=St. Joseph Cathedral |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website=dentotourism.net |publisher= |accessdate=11 September 2013 |archive-date=5 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905115606/http://www.dentotourism.net/ot14.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[इलाहाबाद में चर्च सभ के लिस्ट]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{Allahabad landmarks}} [[श्रेणी:भारत में रोमन कैथोलिक कैथेड्रल]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश में रोमन कैथोलिक कैथेड्रल]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद के पर्यटक आकर्षण सभ]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद के बिल्डिंग]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद के चर्च]] {{Struct-stub}} hje9nnx5u7z0pvprasgwm36pctn1f4m 14 34890 814257 374221 2026-11-06T16:37:59Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना]] खातिर नई सॉर्टकुंजी: "*" 814257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat main|तेलंगाना के जिला सभ के लिस्ट}} [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना|*]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के जिला|तेलंगाना]] 3c6unz2twxhy7ugf3su1vbonit9yl8n 0 35338 814068 380078 2026-11-06T13:44:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संस्कार''' के सामान्य अरथ ''शुद्ध कइल'', होला। एकर अन्य अर्थ नीचे दिहल बा: *[[संस्कार]] - कर्मकांड *[[संस्कार (आयुर्बेद)]] - [[आयुर्बेद]] के एक थी तरीका। *[[संस्कार (भारतीय दर्शन)]] - भारतीय दर्शन में संस्कार के संकल्पना। {{बहुवि}} k737pifbvgddu8e17aoktt3if1n3a2m 0 35584 814030 383403 2026-11-06T13:05:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''श्रीपुर''' से नीचे दिहल गइल चीज के बोध हो सकेला: * [[श्रीपुर, सर्लाही]] - नेपाल के सर्लाही जिला के गाँव बिकास समीति * [[श्रीपुर, उत्तर प्रदेश]] - उत्तर प्रदेश में चंदौली जिला में एक ठो गाँव * [[श्रीपुर, छत्तीसगढ़]] - सिरपुर के पुरान नाँव * [[श्रीपुर, महाराष्ट्र]] - महाराष्ट्र में एक ठो जगह * [[नगला श्रीपुर]] - राजस्थान में एक ठो गाँव के उपबिभाग {{Disambiguation}} ntflmhe5trcoiunnbl9bveii5gt1trs 14 35912 814037 388154 2026-11-06T13:05:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{shortcut|CAT:HM|CAT:HELP|CAT:HELPME|CAT:WLFH}} {{Purge button}} {{Wikipedia category}} {{Notice|एह श्रेणी में {{tl|Help me}} या {{tl|मदद करीं}} टेम्पलेट के इस्तेमाल से (प्रयोगकर्ता के वार्ता)-पन्ना जुड़े ला।}} {{Empty category}} __NOGALLERY__ {{Big|1={{edit|Special:MyTalk|कौनों सवाल पूछे खातिर '''एह कड़ी पर क्लिक करीं'''|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}, आ केहू न केहू जल्दिये राउर मदद करी।<!-- Alternatively, you can join [[Wikipedia:IRC help disclaimer|Wikipedia's Help Channel]] for real-time assistance. -->}} <!-- Join {{Freenode|wikipedia-en-helpers}} for live updates of this category via a bot or {{Purge|refresh this page}}. --> इहो देखल जाय: * {{Tlx|Help me-working}} ** [[:श्रेणी:विकिपीडियन जे लोग के मदद हो रहल बाटे]] ({{PAGESINCAT:विकिपीडियन जे लोग के मदद हो रहल बाटे}}) * {{Tlx|Admin help}} ** [[:श्रेणी:विकिपीडियन जे लोग के प्रबंधक से मदद चाहत बा]] ({{PAGESINCAT:विकिपीडियन जे लोग के प्रबंधक से मदद चाहत बा}}) [[श्रेणी:विकिपीडिया सहकार अनुसार विकिपीडियन|मदद चाहत विकिपीडियन]] [[श्रेणी:विकिपीडिया अनुरोध, मदद संबंधी]] [[श्रेणी:विकिपीडिया मदद फोरम]] 8skqis2g42q5egne8r6i5pbjrk5xyut 0 36098 814377 801598 2026-11-07T07:15:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox astronaut | name = सुनीता विलियम्स | image = Sunita Williams.jpg | type = [[नासा]] अंतरिक्षयात्री | status = सक्रिय | birth_place = [[यूक्लिड, ओहायो]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|09|19}} | occupation = [[टेस्ट पाइलट]] | rank = [[कैप्टन (नेवी)|कप्तान]], [[यूनाइटेड स्टेट्स नेवी|यूऍसनेवी]] | selection = 1998 नासा समूह | space_time = 321 दिन 7 घंटा 15 मिनट | evas = 7 | eva_time = 54 घंटा 40 मिनट | missions = ऍसटीऍस-116, [[ऍक्सपेडिशन 14]], [[ऍक्सपेडिशन 15]], [[ऍसटीऍस-117]], [[सोयुज टीऍमए-05ऍम]] ([[ऍक्सपेडिशन 32]]/[[ऍक्सपेडिशन 33|33]]) | insignia = [[File:STS-116 emblem.svg|35px|STS-116]] [[File:ISS Expedition 14 Patch.svg|35px|ISS Expedition 14]] [[File:ISS Expedition 15 patch.svg|35px|ISS Expedition 15]] [[File:STS-117 patch new2.svg|35px|STS-117]] [[File:ISS Expedition 32 Patch.svg|35px|Expedition 32]] [[File:ISS Expedition 33 Patch.svg|35px|Expedition 33]] }} '''सुनीता लिन विलियम्स''' ({{Lang|en|Sunita Lyn Williams}})<ref name="britannica1">{{cite web|last=Editors |first=The |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sunita-Williams |title=Sunita Williams &#124; American astronaut |language=en|publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2016-09-18}}</ref> या छोट पुकार नाँव '''सुनी''' (Suni), जनम नाँव '''सुनीता पंड्या''' (जनम 19 सितंबर, 1965) भारतीय पिता आ स्लोवेनियाई महतारी के संतान आ अमेरिकी अंतरिक्षयात्री आ अमेरिकी नौसेना के अफसर बाड़ी। सुनीता विलियम्स के नाँवे सात गो स्पेसवाक आ कुल 50 घंटा 40 मिनट के स्पेसवाक टाइम के रिकार्ड दर्ज बा जे महिला खातिर अभिन ले सभसे ढेर बाटे।<ref name="britannica1"/> सुनीता के ऍक्सपेडिशन 14 आ ऍक्सपेडिशन 15 अभियान में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्पेस सेंटर में सदस्य के रूप में चुनल गइल रहल; 2012 में ऊ ऍक्सपेडिशन 32 के फ्लाईट इंजीनियर रहली आ ऍक्सपेडिशन 33 के कमांडर रहली। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/williams-s.pdf नासा के वेबसाइट पर जीवनी] [[श्रेणी:1965 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी अंतरिक्षयात्री]] [[श्रेणी:महिला अंतरिक्षयात्री]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय अंतरिक्षयात्री]] [[श्रेणी:पद्मभूषण सम्मानित]] {{Bio-stub}} 2f1ofn6onf8buml72zt4tcwwamrnz3h 0 36211 814203 774966 2026-11-06T15:58:16Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday |holiday_name = सामा चकेवा |type = हिंदू |image = |imagesize = 250px |caption = Performing after the day of chhath |official_name = |nickname = सामा-चकेबा |observedby = हिंदू |longtype = सांकृतिक, इतिहासी, धार्मिक |significance = भाई-बहिन के सनेह |begins = कातिक के छठ के अगिला दिन से |ends = कातिक पुर्नवाँसी |date = |scheduling = |duration = आठ दिन |frequency = |date2018 = }} '''सामा चकेवा (चाहे सामा चकवा भा चकवा चकईया)''' भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य आ एह से सटल [[नेपाल]] के एक ठो प्रमुख तेवहार हवे।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/festivals.htm |title=Festivals of Bihar |publisher=gov.bih.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911103056/http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/festivals.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritagetreasure.in/articles/sama-chakeva-young-girls-festival/ |title=Sama-chakeva - young girls festival! - Heritage Treasure |publisher=heritagetreasure.in |date=2015-11-16 |accessdate=2016-09-22 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Bansal2005">{{cite book|author=Sunita Pant Bansal|title=Encyclopaedia of India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fQB3Fkc3Tl4C&pg=PA71|date=1 June 2005|publisher=Smriti Books|isbn=978-81-87967-71-2|pages=71–}}</ref> ई तेवहार [[मिथिला क्षेत्र]] आ कुछ [[भोजपुरी क्षेत्र]] में मनावल जाला। भाई-बहिन के प्रेम के उत्सव के रूप में ई तेवहार [[कातिक]] महीना में [[छठ]] के अगिला दिन से सुरू हो के आठ दिन ले चले ला आ कातिक पुर्नवाँसी के खतम होला। साँझ बेरा औरत आ आ लड़की लोग सामा चकेवा के गीति गा के एह उत्सव के मनावे लीं आ एकरा के सामा चकेवा खेलल कहल जाला। ==तिथि== सामा-चकेवा के उत्सव कातिक के महीना में मनावल जाला। अंग्रेजी हिसाब से ई नवंबर के महीना में पड़े ला। कातिक के छठ, जेकरा के बिहार में डाला छठ कहल जाला, आ जे बिहार के एक ठो प्रमुख परब हवे, ओह के ठीक अगिला दिन से सामा-चकेबा के सुरुआत होला आ अगिला आठ दिन ले ई उत्सव चले ला। यानि, कातिक के सत्तिमी से ले के कातिक के पूर्णिमा ले। ==गीत== सामा-चकेबा के मुख्य चीज एह में गावल जाये वाला गीत हवे। लड़की आ मेहरारू लोग साँझ के बाद झुंड बना के सामा-चकेबा के गीति गावे लीं। ई गीत सभ भोजपुर आ मिथिला के संस्कृति के एक ठो महत्व वाला चीज बाड़।<ref name="Jaina1992">{{cite book|author=Śānti Jaina|title=R̥tugīta: svara aura svarūpa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7JVjAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Ayana Prakāśana}}</ref><ref name="Siṃha1993">{{cite book|author=Aṇimā Siṃha|title=Maithilī lokagīta|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wM5jAAAAMAAJ|date=1 जनवरी 1993|publisher=Sāhitya Akādemī}}</ref> ==कथा== सामा चकेवा के कथा लोक प्रचलित हवे। कथा के अनुसार [[कृष्ण]] भगवान के एक ठो लइकी श्यामा (सामा) रहली। सामा के जंगल से परेम रहल आ उहाँ के चिरई-चुरुंग आ पेड़ पौधा सभ के साथे खेले में उनुके बहुत आनंद रहल। भोरे भोर ऊ जंगल के ओर निकलि जाय आ साँझ के बेर घरे आवे। एह बात के ले के केहू उनुके बाबू जी के मन में संका डाल दिहल आ उनुके बाबू नराज हो के सराप दे दिहलें की जा तू चिरई हो जा। एह बात के पता जब सामा के भाई चकेबा के पड़ल त उनुके बहुत दुःख भइल आ ऊ ई निश्चय कर लिहलें की हम सामा के वापिस उनुके रूप में ले आइब। चकेबा अपना बहिन के चिरई से वापिस लड़की के रूप में ले आवे खातिर तप करे लगलें। अंत में चकेवा के तप से खुस हो के भगवान के सामा के वापिस अपने मानुस रूप में लवटावे के परल। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:मिथिला के संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के तिहुआर]] [[श्रेणी:मिथिला के तिहुआर]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू तिहुआर]] {{India-festival-stub}} pq04603xrnoz5b8o3sc2ywqjyrocscv 0 36324 813930 392755 2026-11-06T12:57:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वैशेषिक''' दर्शन, [[भारतीय दर्शन]] सभ में एक ठो [[दर्शन]] हवे। एकर मूल व्याख्याता आ सूत्रकार ऋषि [[कणाद]] के मानल जाला। ई सुरू में एक ठो स्वतंत्र दर्शन रहल बाकी बाद में [[न्याय]] दर्शन के साथ एकरे समानता के कारन अब दुन्नो के एक्के साथ पढ़ल जाला। {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय दर्शन]] {{Hindu-philosophy-stub}} rj4pm239ar33yx3u5yx73ricy7t2r7l 0 36795 814269 782951 2026-11-06T17:50:24Z SM7 3953 Cleaning up syntax using [[:en:User:Zackmann08/scripts/indent|indent.js]], अपडेट कइल गइल 814269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cinema market | name = Cinema of India | image = India film clapperboard (variant).svg | image_size = | caption = | screens = 10,033 (2025)<ref name="Capacity"/> | screens_per_capita = 6.8 screens per million (2025)<ref name="Capacity">{{Cite news |last=Seta |first=Fenil |date=12 April 2026 |title=FICCI EY 2026 Report: Only 3,150 of India's 19,500 pin codes have cinema halls; Andhra Pradesh lost a whopping 54 screens in 2025; UP, Maharashtra, Kerala, Haryana gained maximum new theatres |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ficci-ey-2026-report-only-3150-of-indias-19500-pin-codes-have-cinema-halls-andhra-pradesh-lost-a-whopping-54-screens-in-2025-up-maharashtra-kerala-haryana-gained-maximum-new-theatres/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=12 April 2026}}</ref> | distributors = <!-- {{br separated entries|entry1|entry2|entry3}} <ref name="distributors_uis">{{Cite web |title=Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel) |url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx |access-date=5 November 2015 |publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics}}</ref> --> | produced_year = 2021–2022 | produced_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Feature Films Certified in 2021—22 |url=https://filmfederation.in/files/iff2022.pdf |website=[[Film Federation of India]] |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | produced_total = 2886 {{increase}} | produced_fictional = | produced_animated = | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2025 | admissions_ref = <ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/data/library/TheOrmaxBoxOfficeReport-2025.pdf |format=PDF|title=The Ormax Box Office Report 2025|website=Ormaxmedia.com|access-date=4 July 2026}}</ref> | admissions_total = 832,000,000 | admissions_per_capita = | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2025 | box_office_ref = <ref name="auto2"/> | box_office_total = {{INRConvert|13395|c|year=2025}} | box_office_national = }} '''भारतीय सिनेमा''' या '''भारत क सिनेमा''' भरत मे प्रोड्यूस होखे वाली फिलिम कुल के सामूहिक रूप से कहल जाला।<ref>{{cite news|author=हसन सरूर |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/sharmila-tagore-honoured-by-edinburgh-university/article4031942.ece |title=Arts : Sharmila Tagore honoured by Edinburgh University |work=दि हिंदू |date=26 अक्टूबर 2012 |accessdate=23 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> भारत में सिनेमा के बहुत जोर बा आ इहाँ [[भारतीय भाषा सभ]] में सालाना 1600 तक ले फिलिम सब के निर्माण हो जाला।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/gvfilms.pdf |title=Electrolux-2nd |format=PDF |accessdate=6 फरवरी 2012}}</ref> भारतीय फिलिम सभ के दर्शक भारत की अलावे अउरी कई देसन में बाड़ें आ ई सम्पूर्ण [[दक्खिन एशिया]], [[ग्रेटर मिडिल ईस्ट]] आ [[दक्खिनपूर्ब एशिया]] में देखल जालीं। [[दादा साहेब फाल्के]] के भारतीय सिनेमा के पिता मानल जाला।<ref name="thecolorsofindia1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/dadasaheb-phalke/father-indian-cinema.html |title=Dadasaheb Phalke Father of Indian Cinema |publisher=Thecolorsofindia.com |accessdate=1 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="google1">{{cite book| author = Bāpū Vāṭave|author2=National Book Trust| title = Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian cinema| url = https://books.google.com/?id=zTZnAAAAMAAJ| accessdate = 1 November 2012| year = 2004| publisher = National Book Trust |isbn=978-81-237-4319-6}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news |author=Sachin Sharma |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-28/vadodara/32456429_1_godhra-dadasaheb-phalke-father-of-indian-cinema |title=Godhra forgets its days spent with Dadasaheb Phalke |work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया |date=28 जून 2012 |accessdate=1 November 2012 |archive-date=2013-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101035654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-28/vadodara/32456429_1_godhra-dadasaheb-phalke-father-of-indian-cinema |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="vilanilam128">{{cite book| last = Vilanilam| first = J. V.| title = Mass Communication in India: A Sociological Perspective| url = https://books.google.com/?id=nADAQgAACAAJ&pg=PA128| year = 2005| publisher = Sage Publications| location = New Delhi| isbn = 81-7829-515-6| page = 128 }}</ref> 1969 में भारत सरकार उनके सम्मान में [[दादा साहेब फाल्के सम्मान]] के स्थापना कइलस, जे सिनेमा जगत में जीवन भर के उपलब्धि खातिर दिहल जाला आ भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे प्रतिष्ठित अवार्ड मानल जाला।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/dadasahebphalke.asp |title=::Directorate of Film Festivals:: |publisher=Dff.nic.in |date=10 जून 2012 |accessdate=1 November 2012}}</ref> बीसवीं सदी में, भारतीय सिनेमा, हॉलीवुड आ चीनी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के साथ, एक ठो ग्लोबल इंडस्ट्री बन चुकल बाटे।<ref name="Khanna155">Khanna, 155</ref> साल 2013 के आंकड़ा देखल जाय त भारतीय सिनेमा सभसे ढेर संख्या में फिलिम निर्माण करे वाला इंडस्ट्री बाटे आ एकरे ठीक नीचे नौलिवुड,<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=26 मार्च 2013 |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30707 |title=Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second largest film producer – UN |publisher=United Nations |date=5 मई 2009}}</ref> हॉलीवुड आ चीन बाड़ें।<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-10/india/28358616_1_film-industry-chinese-film-chinese-movie | work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया | title=Chinese film industry races close to Bollywood | date=10 जनवरी 2011 | access-date=2016-10-22 | archive-date=2012-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105004734/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-10/india/28358616_1_film-industry-chinese-film-chinese-movie | url-status=dead }}</ref> साल 2012 में भारत में 1,202 गो फिलिम बनलीं। {{Clear}} ==इहो देखी== * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{commons category|Cinema of India}} {{Life in India}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा| ]] {{India-stub}} fc7yqogdd4dfznf69oc5dcei0qucs95 0 36818 814415 786406 2026-11-07T07:47:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox college | name = सेंट ज़ेवियर्स कॉलेज<br><small>St. Xavier's College</small> | latin_name = Collegium Sancti Xaverii | motto = ''Provocans Ad Volandum'' | mottoeng = Encourage to fly | established = {{Start date and age|1869|01|02|df=yes|p=yes|br=yes}}<ref name="naac1" /> |academic_affiliation = मुंबई विश्वविद्यालय | religious_affiliation = जेसुइट (रोमन कैथोलिक) | principal = Prof. Dr. Karuna Gokarn<ref name="fc">{{cite web|url=https://xaviers.edu/about-us/faculty/}}</ref> | undergrad = 2,648 (as of 2007)<ref name="pref"/> | postgrad = 99 (as of 2007)<ref name="pref"/> | city = [[मुंबई]] | state = [[महाराष्ट्र]] | country = India | coor = {{Coord|18.9432|72.8313|type:edu_source:Googlemaps|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.xaviers.edu}} | image = |image_size = 160 |logo = }} '''सेंट ज़ेवियर्स कॉलेज''' ({{Lang|en|St. Xavier's College}}) भारत के [[मुंबई]] सहर में एक ठो परसिद्ध कॉलेज बाटे। ई भारत के सबसे टॉप क कॉलेज सभ में से एक बा आ 2006 में एकर मूल्यांकन A+ (फाइव स्टार) भइल रहल। कॉलेज क नाँव 16वीं सदी के ईसाई संत [[फ्रांसिस ज़ेवियर]] के नाँव पर रखल गइल हवे। [[दक्खिनी मुंबई]] में एकर कैम्पस एक ठो [[इंडो-गोथिक स्टाइल|इंडो-गोथिक]] स्टाइल के बिल्डिंग में बा आ ई बिल्डिंग एक ठो इतिहासी धरोहर भी बा। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के विश्वविद्यालय आ कालेज]] {{University-stub}} k55dv1hxtstss8jjtb9mwgd0zn0hvvh 0 37053 813990 801584 2026-11-06T13:01:56Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant titleholder | image= | Name= शिल्पा सिंह | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|12|21}} | birth_place= [[समस्तीपुर जिला|समस्तीपुर]], [[बिहार]] <br /> भारत | birth_name= | eye_color= करिया | hair_color= करिया | occupation = | measurements = | alma_mater = Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering<br />NMIMS university of SVKM,<br /> [[मुंबई]]. | height= {{height|m=1.74}} | title= I AM She 2012|I Am She – Miss Universe India 2012 | competitions=I AM She 2012<br />(Winner)<br />[[Miss Universe 2012]]<br />(Top 16) }} '''शिल्पा सिंह''' (जनम 21 दिसंबर 1988) एक ठो [[भारतीय ऐक्ट्रेस]], डांसर, आ मॉडल बाड़ी। शिल्पा मूल रूप से [[बिहार]] के [[समस्तीपुर जिला]] के हई।<ref>{{cite news |last=News |first=Biharprabha |title=Bihar Girl to represent India in Miss Universe 2012 at Las Vegas |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2012/11/bihar-girl-to-represent-india-in-miss-universe-2012-at-la-vegas/ |accessdate=17 December 2012 |archive-date=16 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193715/https://news.biharprabha.com/2012/11/bihar-girl-to-represent-india-in-miss-universe-2012-at-la-vegas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1988 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] {{India-actor-stub}} c0ldgrkabgeyzjafd56c1c3xp6sxpyf 0 37060 814040 446353 2026-11-06T13:05:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = श्रेया नारायण | image = Shreya narayan i am.jpg | caption = श्रेया नारायण ''I Am'' राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार के समय | birth_name = श्रेया नारायण | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|2|22}} | birth_place = [[Muzaffarpur]], Bihar, India | death_date = <!-- {{Death-date and age|df=yes|death date| birth date}} --> | death_place = | othername = | occupation = ऐक्ट्रेस, लेखिका, सामाजिक कार्यकर्त्ता | years_active = 2009–वर्तमान | spouse = | domesticpartner = | website = }} '''श्रेया नारायण''' (जनम 22 फरवरी 1985) एक ठो टीवी प्रस्तुतकर्ता, [[ऐक्ट्रेस]], लेखिका आ सामाजिक कार्यकर्त्ता बाड़ी। श्रेया, भारत के पहिला राष्ट्रपति [[राजेंदर बाबू]] के नातिन हई। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * {{IMDb name|3753075}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1985 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] {{India-actor-stub}} 7xa393cz1hy7ubj29as822mzt4snen0 0 37068 814412 785121 2026-11-07T07:47:07Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sriti Jha | image = Sriti Jha zt Zee-Rishtey-Awards 2018 (cropped 1).jpg | caption = Sriti Jha at Celebs grace 7th edition Award | birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1986|2|26|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Begusarai]], [[Bihar]], India<ref name="Times">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Didnt-leave-Saubhagyavati-Bhava-for-Balika-Vadhu-Sriti-Jha/articleshow/17852932.cms|title=Didn't leave Saubhagyavati Bhava for Balika Vadhu: Sriti Jha|work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया|accessdate=17 December 2015}}</ref> | nationality = [[India]]n | education = Bachelor of Arts in English | alma_mater = Sri Venkateshwara College,New Delhi | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2007–present | height = }} '''सृति झा''' (जनम 26 फरवरी 1986) एक ठो टेलिविजन [[ऐक्ट्रेस]] बाड़ी। सृति [[नेपाल]] के [[सर्लाही जिला]] से बाड़ी आ कई ठे हिंदी आ मैथिलि भाषा के टीवी प्रोग्राम आ सीरियल में काम कर चुकल बाड़ी। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1986 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के ऐक्ट्रेस]] {{actor-stub}} 9m45w5zavzpcapvazpibx5ssunorczi 0 37119 814382 805574 2026-11-07T07:15:50Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Supermoon comparison.jpg|thumb|right|19 मार्च 2011 के सुपरमून (दाहिने), आ 20 दिसंबर 2010 के चंद्रमा (बायें), तुलना खातिर देखावल गइल।]] [[File:supermoon.jpg|thumb|19 मार्च 2011 के सुपरमून पृथिवी से 356,577 किलोमीटर (221,567 मील) के दूरी पर रहल, 1993 के बाद पहिली बेर, आ एही कारण ई ''अपोजी'' के स्थिति के तुलना में 30 प्रतिशल ढेर चमकदार आ 14 प्रतिशत बड़हन देखाई पड़ल।]] '''सुपरमून''' ({{Lang|en|Supermoon}}) (शाब्दिक अरथ: बिसाल चंद्रमा, बड़का चंद्रमा) एक ठो [[खगोलशास्त्र|खगोलीय]] घटना हवे जेह में [[चंद्रमा]] के पृथिवी से सभसे नजदीकी स्थिति आ [[पुर्नवासी]] दुन्नों एकही साथ पड़े ला आ एही से चंद्रमा आम पुर्नवासी के दिन सभ के तुलना में बड़ा आकार के आ ढेर चमकदार लउके ला।<ref name="NYT-20140907">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Revisiting the Moon |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/09/science/revisiting-the-moon.html |date=सितंबर 7, 2014 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=सितंबर 8, 2014 }}</ref> एकर तकनीकी नाँव '''पृथिवी-चंद्र सिस्टम के ''[[एप्सिस|पेरीजी]]-[[सिजिगी]]'''''<!-- nb [[perigee-syzygy]] re-directs back here to supermoon--> हवे। "सुपरमून" शब्द कौनों [[खगोलशास्त्र|खगोलशास्त्रीय]] शब्द ना हवे बलुक ई आधुनिक ज्योतिष के दिहल शब्द हवे<ref name=Discover>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/03/18/kryptonite-for-the-supermoon/|title=Kryptonite for the supermoon|work=Bad Astronomy|publisher=Discover|author=Phil Plait|accessdate=अगस्त 29, 2015|archive-date=2019-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022223111/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/03/18/kryptonite-for-the-supermoon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> चंद्रमा के खिंचाव से पृथिवी के समुंदरी हिस्सा के साथ-साथ [[क्रस्ट|चट्टानी हिस्सा]] में भी [[ज्वार]] आवे के बिचार एह तरह के सुबहा के कारण भी बने लें कि सुपरमून के घटना के समय भूकंप के घटना में बढ़ती होले, हालाँकि, अइसन बात के कौनों मजबूत प्रमाण अभिन ले नइखे मिलल।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/super-moon-earthquake-no-link-110318.html|title=No Link Between 'Super Moon and Earthquakes|publisher=Discovery News|author=Rachel Rice|accessdate=मार्च 20, 2015|archive-date=2011-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613074015/http://news.discovery.com/earth/super-moon-earthquake-no-link-110318.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> एकरे उल्टा जवन स्थिति होले, मने कि [[एप्सिस|एपोजी]]-सिजिगी, ओकरा के माइक्रोमून (लघु चंद्र) कहल जाला<ref>[http://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/micro-moon.html What is a micromoon?] Timeanddate.com, accessed 1 Oct 2015.</ref> हालाँकि ई शब्द बहुत प्रचलन में नइखे। कबो-कबो सुपरमून आ [[चंद्रग्रहण]] के स्थति भी एकही साथ हो जाला। एहू में कब्बो-कबो त पूरा चंद्रग्रहण के भी। साल 2015 के सितंबर में 27-28 तारीख के लागल चनरगरहन अइसने रहल, अगिला अइसन स्थिति साल 2033 में फिर होखी।<ref>{{cite news |title='Supermoon' coincides with lunar eclipse |author= |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34375868 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=28 September 2015 |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref>{{update after|2033|10|08|reason=Most recent now is [[October 2033 lunar eclipse]].}} सभसे हाल में सुपरमून के स्थिति 13-14 नवंबर, 2016 के रात के बनल रहल। ==दूरी== चंद्रमा पृथिवी के परिकर्मा करत समय चपटापन लिहले वृत्त (अंडाकार या एलिप्स) के मार्ग पर चले ला आ एही से पृथिवी से एकर दूरी {{convert|357000|km|mi|sp=us}} आ {{convert|406000|km|mi|abbr=on}} के बीच बदलत रहे ले (इहाँ पृथिवी आ चंद्रमा के केंद्र के बीच के दूरी बतावल गइल बा)।<ref name=meeus>{{cite book |title= Mathematical Astronomy Morsels |last=Meeus |first=Jean |authorlink=Jean Meeus |year=1997 |publisher=Willmann-Bell |location=Richmond, Virginia |isbn=0-943396-51-4 |page=15}}</ref><ref name="Plait2011">{{cite web |last=Plait |first=Phil |title=No, the 'supermoon' didn't cause the Japanese earthquake |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/03/11/no-the-supermoon-didnt-cause-the-japanese-earthquake/ |work=Discover Magazine |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |date=मार्च 11, 2011 |archive-date=2019-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022195301/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/03/11/no-the-supermoon-didnt-cause-the-japanese-earthquake/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hawley |first=John |title=Appearance of the Moon Size |url=http://www.stab-iitb.org/newton-mirror/askasci/phy99/phy99371.htm |work=Ask a Scientist |publisher=Newton |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |type=No publication date}}</ref> पृथिवी के नजदीकी बिंदु पर रहला के ''[[एप्सिस|पेरीजी]]'' आ दूरतम बिंदु पर रहला के ''[[एप्सिस|एपोजी]]'' कहल जाला। एही कारण, जब पुर्नवासी होला आ चंद्रमा पूरा गोल रूप में आकाश में लउके ला आ ओही समय पेरीजी के स्थिति भी होला तब तुलनात्मक रूप से एपोजी के पड़े वाली पुर्नवासी के तुलना में चंद्रमा 14% तक ले ढेर बड़हन साइज के लउके ला आ 30% तक ले एकरा चमक में इजाफा देखे के मिले ला।<ref name="PhillipsNASA2011">{{cite web |url=http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/16mar_supermoon/ |title=Super Full Moon |last=Phillips |first=Tony, Dr. |date=मार्च 16, 2011 |work=Science@NASA Headline News |publisher=NASA |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507035348/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/16mar_supermoon/ |archivedate=मई 7, 2012}}</ref> ==शब्दावली== ई शब्द ''सुपरमून'' (''SuperMoon'') रिचार्ड नोल (Richard Nolle) नाँव के एक ठो ज्योतिषी द्वारा 1979 में ईजाद कइल गइल। आ एकर परिभाषा दिहलें कि: {{quote|...a new or full moon which occurs with the Moon at or near (within 90% of) its closest approach to Earth in a given orbit ([[perigee]]). In short, Earth, Moon and Sun are all in a line, with Moon in its nearest approach to Earth.<ref name=HolleSupermoon>{{cite web |last=Nolle |first=Richard |title=Supermoon |url=http://www.astropro.com/features/articles/supermoon/ |work=Astropro |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |type=No publication date; modified मार्च 10, 2011}}</ref>}} नोल के ईहो कहनाम रहल की चंद्रमा पृथिवी पर ''जियोफिजिकल खिंचाव'' भी डाले ला जब सुपरमून के स्थिति होले। हालाँकि, ऊ ई कब्बो ना बतवलें कि 90% के आंकड़ा कहाँ से आ काहें चुनल गइल।<ref name=Discover /> बैज्ञानिक आ खगोलशास्त्री लोग ''सुपरमून'' शब्द के प्रयोग ना करे ला बलुक एकरा के '' पेरीजी-सिजगी'' या ''पेरीजी-फुल मून/न्यू मून'' के नाँव से पुकारे ला।<ref name=NASA>{{cite web |url=http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/02may_supermoon/ |title=Perigee "Super Moon" On May 5–6 |author=Phillips, Tony |date=मई 2, 2012 |work=NASA Science News |publisher=[[NASA]] |accessdate=6 मई 2012 |archive-date=2016-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114032656/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/02may_supermoon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- ==घटना के दोहराव== The [[full moon cycle]] is the period between alignments of the lunar perigee with the sun and the earth, which is about 13.9443 synodic months (about 411.8 days). Thus approximately every 14th full moon will be a supermoon. However, halfway through the cycle the full moon will be close to apogee, and the new moons immediately before and after can be supermoons. Thus there may be as many as three supermoons per full moon cycle. Since 13.9443 differs from 14 by very close to {{frac|18}}, the supermoons themselves will vary with a period of about 18 full moon cycles (about 251 synodic months or 20.3 years). Thus for about a decade the largest supermoons will be full, and for the next decade the largest supermoons will be new. --> ==ज्वारभाटा पर परभाव== चंद्रमा आ सुरुज के संजुक्त खिंचाव के परिणाम होला, [[ज्वारभाटा]],<ref name="Plait2008">{{cite web |last=Plait |first=Phil |title=Tides, the Earth, the Moon, and why our days are getting longer |url= http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/misc/tides.html |work=Bad Astronomy |year=2008 |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |type=Modified मार्च 5, 2011}}</ref> आ एकर मजबूती सबसे ढेर होला जब कभी पुर्नवासी या अमौसा के स्थिति होला।<ref name="TideAnimation">{{cite web |title=Animation of spring and neap tides |author=Sumich, J.L. |year=1996 |publisher=NOAA's [[National Ocean Service]] |url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/media/supp_tide06a.html |accessdate=जून 22, 2013 |archive-date=2018-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214161646/https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/media/supp_tide06a.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> चंद्रमा के नजदीकी स्थिति, पेरीजी, के समय ज्वार ले आवे वाला बल के परभाव भी कुछ ढेर पड़े ला,<ref name="MoonConnection">{{cite web |work=Moon Connection |title=Apogee and Perigee of the Moon |url=http://www.moonconnection.com/apogee_perigee.phtml |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |type=No publication date}}</ref> जवना के ''पेरिजियन स्प्रिंग टाइड'' कहल जाला। हालाँकि, एकर अधिकतम परभाव भी समुंद्र तल में ज्वारभाटा के कारण होखे वाला उतार चढ़ाव में कुछेक इंच भर के अंतर ले आ पावेला।<ref>{{cite news|last=Rice|first=Tony|title=Super moon looms Saturday|url=http://www.wral.com/weather/blogpost/11061791/|accessdate=5 मई 2012|newspaper=WRAL-TV|date=4 मई 2012}}</ref> ज्वारीय बल, न्यूटन के ''इनवर्स क्यूब नियम'' के पालन जरूर करे ला आ एही से ई औसत से 19% तक कम-बेसी होला लेकिन ई कौनों डाइरेक्ट परभाव के रूप में ना बदले पावेला आ ज्वार के मात्र पर एही अनुपात में एकर परभाव ना पड़े ला।{{citation needed|date=नवंबर 2016}} ई दावा जरूर कइल गइल बाटे की 19 मार्च 2011 में सुपरमून के समय आइल ज्वार में [[यूके]] में पाँच गो जहाज बूड़ गइल,<ref>{{cite web |title=Supermoon blamed for stranding five ships in Solent |author=Andy Bloxham |date=मार्च 21, 2011 |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph#Website|Telegraph.co.uk]] |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/8395123/Supermoon-blamed-for-stranding-five-ships-in-Solent.html |accessdate=जून 22, 2013 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129224608/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/8395123/Supermoon-blamed-for-stranding-five-ships-in-Solent.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> बाकि एह दावा के सही साबित करे वाला कौनों परमान नइखे मिलल। ==प्राकृतिक आफत== मीडिया द्वारा अइसन सुबहा बतावल गइल बा कि कुछ प्राकृतिक आफत, जइसे कि 2011 के तोहोकू भूकंप आ सुनामी, भारत के 2004 के भूकंप आ सुनामी वगैरह के कारण सुपरमून से जुड़ल बा आ ई घटना सभ ओही एक-दू हप्ता के बीच भइल जब सुपरमून के स्थिति रहल।<ref>{{cite web |last=Paquette |first=Mark |title=Extreme Super (Full) Moon to Cause Chaos? |url=http://www.accuweather.com/blogs/astronomy/story/46417/extreme-super-full-moon-to-cause-chaos.asp |work=Astronomy Weather Blog |publisher=AccuWeather |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |date=मार्च 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Is the Japanese earthquake the latest natural disaster to have been caused by a supermoon? |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1365225/Japan-earthquake-tsunami-Did-supermoon-cause-todays-natural-disaster.html |work=The Daily Mail |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |date=मार्च 11, 2011}}</ref> हालाँकि, कि अइसन कौनों प्रमाण नइखे मिलल जवना से ई साबित हो सके कि बड़हन भूकंप सभ आ सुपर मून में कौनों संबंध बाटे।<ref>{{cite web |title=Can the position of the Moon affect seismicity? |url=http://seismo.berkeley.edu/faq/planets.html |publisher=The Berkeley Seismological Laboratory |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |year=1999 |archive-date=2009-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426092035/http://seismo.berkeley.edu/faq/planets.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fuis |first=Gary |title=Can the position of the moon or the planets affect seismicity? |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/?faqID=109 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey: Earthquake Hazards Program |accessdate=14 मार्च 2011 |type=No publication date}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wolchover |first=Natalie |title=Will the मार्च 19 "SuperMoon" Trigger Natural Disasters? |publisher=Life's Little Mysteries |url=http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/will-supermoon-cause-earthquake-storm-natural-disasters-1442/ |accessdate=15 मार्च 2011 |date=मार्च 9, 2011 |archive-date=2011-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315010133/http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/will-supermoon-cause-earthquake-storm-natural-disasters-1442/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==फोटो गैलरी== <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:Supermoon over Germany, 2011.jpg|[[मुंस्टर]], [[जर्मनी]], 19 मार्च 2011 Image:Photograph of the Supermoon at Umaid Bhavan Palace, Jodhpur.jpg|उमेद भवन महल, भारत, 23 जून 2013 File:Phases_2014_fancy_1080p30.oggtheora.ogv|2014 में<br>चंद्रमा क कक्षा File:Mondfinsternis-München-20150928045527.jpg|म्यूनिख़, जर्मनी, 28 सितंबर 2015 </gallery> ==इहो देखल जाय== * ''[[ब्लू मून]]'' * ''[[चनरगरहन|रेड मून/ब्लड मून]]'' ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|30em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{wiktionary}} {{Commons category|Supermoon|सुपरमून}} * [https://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/pacalc.html सुपरमून के तारीख] * [http://home.comcast.net/~mhmyers/d80/moondist.jpg फोटो में, 222,000 मील के दूरी आ 248,000 मील के दूरी पर के चाँद के तुलना] * [http://www.astropro.com/features/articles/supermoon/ रिचार्ड नोल के परिभाषा] * बीबीसी न्यूज, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12799686 गैलरी] <!-- {{The Moon}} --> [[श्रेणी:खगोलिकी]] [[श्रेणी:खगोलीय घटना]] [[श्रेणी:चंद्रबिज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:चंद्रमा]] [[श्रेणी:लेख जिनहन में बीडियो क्लिप के इस्तेमाल भइल बा]] 2b6z36f00pdwx5h3i6arjn0zf5bv952 0 37397 814406 780759 2026-11-07T07:28:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सूरत | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 4585367 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गुजरात]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सूरत''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Surat|Surat]]}}) भारत के [[गुजरात]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सूरत के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 4467797 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 4585367 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 8वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 756 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 87.89% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:गुजरात के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} rl2b35mkkcgb2lbopg40km85ajkvfco 0 37409 813745 780770 2026-11-06T12:07:55Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वसई विरार | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1222390 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[महाराष्ट्र]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वसई विरार''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Vasai-Virar|Vasai-Virar]]}}) भारत के [[महाराष्ट्र]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार वसई विरार के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 1222390 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 1222390 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 29वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 886 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 88.57% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} rqhpggczq3meojxb0j29gxw9e6m6jw8 0 37417 813854 780778 2026-11-06T12:51:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = विजयवाड़ा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1491202 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''विजयवाडा''' ({{Lang|en|Vijayawada}}) भारत के [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। आबादी के हिसाब से ई आंध्र प्रदेश के दुसरा सभसे बड़हन शहर हवे (विशाखापट्टनम के बाद) आ आंध्र प्रदेश के राजधानी शहर सभ में से एक हवे। विजयवाड़ा शहर कृष्णा नदी के तीरे बसल बाटे आ ई पुरबी घाट के परबत सभ से घेराइल बाटे जिनहन के इंद्रकील पहाड़ी एहिजे पड़े ले। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार विजयवाडा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 1034358 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 1491202 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 42वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 995 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 81.24% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:आंध्र प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} myn15lp8fs59i4zgou6s7shs1ellofe 0 37428 814173 780789 2026-11-06T15:55:31Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सलेम | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 919150 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[तमिल नाडु]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सलेम''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Salem|Salem]]}}) भारत के [[तमिल नाडु]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सलेम के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 829267 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 919150 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 59वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 987 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 84.42% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल नाडु के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 4bo6veah04d4r5b3eic2qvcnofakd7q 0 37431 814178 780792 2026-11-06T15:56:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सहारनपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 705478 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सहारनपुर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Saharanpur|Saharanpur]]}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सहारनपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 705478 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 705478 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 63वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 898 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 76.32% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{India-geo-stub}} fkscw8sleevxx13fr4di60dclkzmfc6 0 37449 814179 780811 2026-11-06T15:56:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सांगली मिराज आ कुपवाड | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 502793 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[महाराष्ट्र]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सांगली मिराज आ कुपवाड''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad|Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad]]}}) भारत के [[महाराष्ट्र]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सांगली मिराज आ कुपवाड के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 502793 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 502793 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 88वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 982 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 85.91% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} tkruxux6w6xucbb6lfwxyn891t86g50 0 37483 813977 780844 2026-11-06T13:00:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शाहजहाँपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 346103 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शाहजहाँपुर''' ({{Lang|en|Shahjahanpur}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शाहजहाँपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 329736 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 346103 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 132वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 906 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 67.25% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{UP-geo-stub}} m6idk8vf4gx1i0ce71ug5gzzql1ren0 0 37486 813988 780847 2026-11-06T13:01:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिमोगा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 322650 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कर्नाटक]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शिमोगा''' ({{Lang|en|Shimoga}}) भारत के [[कर्नाटक]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शिमोगा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 322650 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 322650 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 135वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 991 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 87.78% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} fpdnwafsed19wx6u816erspegm9im2t 0 37510 814105 804504 2026-11-06T15:05:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सतना | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 283004 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = {{URL|https://satna.nic.in/}} }} '''सतना''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Satna|Satna]]}}) भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-25 |title=सतना: मंदिर में भगदड़, 10 लोगों की मौत |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2014/08/140825_satna_mandir_stampede_ia |access-date=2026-08-30 |website=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सतना के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 280222 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 283004 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 161वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 895 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 84.8% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 3lcam1r9fdt1f6r4bm4v3175lcdnkmu 0 37526 814343 780885 2026-11-07T05:36:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सीकर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 244563 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[राजस्थान]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सीकर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sikar|Sikar]]}}) भारत के [[राजस्थान]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सीकर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 237532 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 244563 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 186वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 931 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 75.61% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:राजस्थान के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} trrd3lr8tjk090lfkneoz0lzjlb5ir9 0 37531 813852 780890 2026-11-06T12:51:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = विजयनगर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 239374 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''विजयनगर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Vizianagaram|Vizianagaram]]}}) भारत के [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार विजयनगर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 228025 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 239374 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 193वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 1037 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 81.04% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:आंध्र प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} t08fll07y0g67n6lwvtkhypmvjd5jsq 0 37541 814063 780900 2026-11-06T13:43:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = संभल | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 220813 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''संभल''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sambhal|Sambhal]]}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार संभल के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 220813 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 220813 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 203वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 907 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 48.28% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{India-geo-stub}} 87j8w91i31i27b6275um6b4ql25771t 0 37542 814221 780901 2026-11-06T15:59:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिंगरौली | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 220257 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिंगरौली''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Singrauli|Singrauli]]}}) भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सिंगरौली के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 220257 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 220257 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 204वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 885 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 75.27% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} g2sqkb8ljhdit488emisibgv2bo2rbv 0 37544 814234 780903 2026-11-06T16:05:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिकंदराबाद | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 217910 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिकंदराबाद''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Secunderabad|Secunderabad]]}}) भारत के [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सिकंदराबाद के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 217910 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 217910 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 206वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 919 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 85.07% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:आंध्र प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} iu8x7mw9h8j0twzqwrqga0kas1uq6n6 0 37579 813921 780936 2026-11-06T12:56:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वेल्लोर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 481966 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[तमिल नाडु]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वेल्लोर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Vellore|Vellore]]}}) भारत के [[तमिल नाडु]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार वेल्लोर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 185803 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 481966 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 247वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 1034 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 86.4% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल नाडु के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} hr0org7r3gq7fyekxcss10z6i0hbf8q 0 37583 814319 780940 2026-11-07T05:35:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिरसा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 182534 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[हरियाणा]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिरसा''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sirsa|Sirsa]]}}) भारत के [[हरियाणा]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सिरसा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 182534 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 182534 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 252वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 898 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 81.36% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:हरियाणा के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 6q1f7webuiutgwlqrf873ilrzig8z9q 0 37585 814032 780942 2026-11-06T13:05:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = श्रीरामपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 181842 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''श्रीरामपुर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Serampore|Serampore]]}}) भारत के [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार श्रीरामपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 181842 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 181842 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 254वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 941 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 88.73% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} {{पच्छिम बंगाल के शहर}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:पच्छिम बंगाल के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} bgx15rwrhsgmsl9rw1saslha5ypvmso 0 37586 814390 780943 2026-11-07T07:16:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सुलतान पुर माजरा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 181554 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[दिल्ली]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सुलतान पुर माजरा''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sultan Pur Majra|Sultan Pur Majra]]}}) भारत के [[दिल्ली]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सुलतान पुर माजरा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 181554 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 181554 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 255वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 897 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 79.33% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:दिल्ली राज्य के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 07flcdb3ip586g9fuq4cs15cor44b4m 0 37589 813995 780946 2026-11-06T13:02:15Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिवपुरी | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 179977 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शिवपुरी''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Shivpuri|Shivpuri]]}}) भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शिवपुरी के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 179977 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 179977 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 259वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 892 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 77.84% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 9mq9a2hpf4m5r5nzufg9vcg7ftyaf6y 0 37590 814387 780947 2026-11-07T07:16:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सुरेंद्रनगर दुधरेज | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 177851 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गुजरात]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सुरेंद्रनगर दुधरेज''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Surendranagar Dudhrej|Surendranagar Dudhrej]]}}) भारत के [[गुजरात]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सुरेंद्रनगर दुधरेज के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 177851 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 177851 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 260वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 919 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 84.8% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:गुजरात के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} f5l9bn22bl3ckvlt13aea62ys4yf1gu 0 37599 814323 780957 2026-11-07T05:35:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिलचर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 228985 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[आसाम]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिलचर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Silchar|Silchar]]}}) भारत के [[आसाम]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==विद्यालाय आउर कॉलेज सभ== सिलचर नगर में [[राष्ट्रीय प्रोद्योगिकी संस्थान,सिलचर]] बा जवन की भारत के एकतिस गो राष्ट्रीय प्रोदयोगिकी संस्थान मे से एगो बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सिलचर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 172830 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 228985 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 270वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 989 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 90.93% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:आसाम के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} nlnu7wnv44789br72advw0tlewrtjtr 0 37614 813761 780972 2026-11-06T12:09:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वापी | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 163630 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गुजरात]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वापी''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Vapi|Vapi]]}}) भारत के [[गुजरात]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार वापी के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 163630 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 163630 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 287वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 739 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 89% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:गुजरात के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} saj23f6calw065tp8psvmdp2g3vtc9m 0 37620 814177 786941 2026-11-06T15:56:03Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सहरसा | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगर]] | image_shield = | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Matsyagandha_Lake.jpg | caption1 = मत्स्यगंडा झील के बा | near Saharsa Town, Koshi Anchal, Bihar.jpg | |Koshi Chowk, Saharsa (Koshi Division), Bihar.jpg | image4 = Kosi Bridge at Baluwaha Ghat near Saharsa Town.jpg | caption4 = कोसी पुल बलुवाहा, सहरसा के बा | |image6 = Chandika Sthan Temple near Saharsa Town.jpg |caption6 = चंडिका स्थान मंदिर सहरसा के बा |image7 = Matsyagandha Temple in Saharsa Town.jpg| |caption7 = मत्स्यगंधा मंदिर के बा }} | pushpin_map = India Bihar | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = भारत के बिहार में स्थान | coordinates = {{coord|25.88|N|86.6|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = राज | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[बिहार]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के प्रशासनिक प्रभाग|क्षेत्र]] | subdivision_name2 = [[मिथिला (क्षेत्र)|मिथिला]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Thakur |first=Ripunjay Kumar |date=1 March 2022|title=Historical Geography of Early Medieval Mithila: From Videha to Tirhut.|url=https://www.academia.edu/72670545|publisher=New Archaeological & Genological Society, Kanpur, India|issn=2348-8301|access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref> | subdivision_type3 = [[भारत में जिला के सूची|जिला]] | subdivision_name3 = [[सहरसा जिला|सहरसा]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = 1954 | founder = | named_for = | government_type = [[नगर निगम के ह]] | governing_body = [[सहरसा नगर निगम के ह]] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = [[बिहार]] में दूसरा स्थान पर रहे। | area_total_km2 = 243.8 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 41 | population_total = 1,56,540<ref>{{cite web|date=2011|title=Saharsa District Census Handbook 2011 – Part B|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s38eefcfdf5990e441f0fb6f3fad709e21/uploads/2018/03/2018031129.pdf|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921194337/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s38eefcfdf5990e441f0fb6f3fad709e21/uploads/2018/03/2018031129.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2022}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = बिहार में 15वें स्थान पर बा | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = भाषा के बारे में बतावल गइल बा | demographics1_title1 = अधिकारी | demographics1_info1 = [[हिन्दी]] | demographics1_title2 = अतिरिक्त&nbsp;अधिकारी के बा | demographics1_info2 = [[उर्दू भाषा|उर्दू]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=22 January 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = क्षेत्रीय के बा | demographics1_info3 = [[मैथिली भाषा|मैथिली]] <!-- | Education_type = पढ़ाई | Education = 77.66 (commented out as template does not contain this parameter) -->| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[डाक सूचकांक नंबर|पिन के बा]] | postal_code = 852201-852154-852221-852127 (Saharsa)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Saharsa/|title=Pin Codes of Saharsa, Bihar, India, Saharsa Pincode Search|website=indiapincodes.net}}</ref> | area_code_type = टेलीफोन कोड के बा | area_code = 916478 | registration_plate = बीआर-19 के बा | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | blank1_info_sec1 = प्रति 1000 पुरुष में 933 महिला बाड़ी [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = | website = {{URL|http://saharsa.bih.nic.in/}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]] | footnotes = | leader_party = BJP | leader_name = [[आलोक रंजन झा]] | leader_title = [[विधान सभा के सदस्य]] के बा। }} '''सहरसा''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Saharsa|Saharsa]]}}) भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सहरसा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 156540 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 156540 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 296वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 879 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 75.63% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{Bihar-geo-stub}} npkkaj9m71w7m7lgfyp7q8wtd45bics 0 37622 813860 780980 2026-11-06T12:52:06Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = विदिशा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 155951 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''विदिशा''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Vidisha|Vidisha]]}}) भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार विदिशा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 155951 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 155951 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 298वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 914 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 85.16% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 6e2ddhbdzkday4np179jeuhneyeea6x 0 37626 813920 780984 2026-11-06T12:56:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वेरावळ | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 184855 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गुजरात]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वेरावळ''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Veraval|Veraval]]}}) भारत के [[गुजरात]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार वेरावळ के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 154636 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 184855 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 302वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 969 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 76.87% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:गुजरात के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} e8nqj8zzfxnup346v7t4etfji4g6pf3 0 37632 813967 780990 2026-11-06T13:00:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शांतिपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 288718 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शांतिपुर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Santipur|Santipur]]}}) भारत के [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शांतिपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 151777 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 288718 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 308वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 971 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 80.9% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} {{पच्छिम बंगाल के शहर}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:पच्छिम बंगाल के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} b7ffwxqfgrf3zqezm619gi7rcidxpr1 0 37639 814217 780998 2026-11-06T15:59:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सासाराम | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 147408 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सासाराम''' ({{Lang|en|Sasaram}}) भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सासाराम के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 147408 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 147408 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 317वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 900 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 80.26% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{Bihar-geo-stub}} 215hl30p06pwpjn3pqpwdchbz2kc1bx 0 37651 814327 781010 2026-11-07T05:35:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिवनी | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 102343 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिवनी''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Seoni|Seoni]]}}) भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सिवनी के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 102343 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 102343 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 485वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 955 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 90.46% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 329uv6p1fjovbh4jckcfzf8cgbj5vs8 0 37654 814372 781013 2026-11-07T07:15:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सुजानगढ | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 101523 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[राजस्थान]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सुजानगढ''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sujangarh|Sujangarh]]}}) भारत के [[राजस्थान]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सुजानगढ के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 101523 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 101523 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 489वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 956 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 73.33% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:राजस्थान के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} p1z24f37lfszvxke3tvoafj8qiuphd9 0 37671 814411 781029 2026-11-07T07:28:38Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सूर्यापेट | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 106524 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = आंध्र प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सूर्यापेट''' ({{Lang|en|Suryapet}}) भारत के [[तेलंगाना]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सूर्यापेट के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 105531 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 106524 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 467वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 1025 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 83.09% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:आंध्र प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} sbps2vr4rt9wbrvw9bfesc0snhn9xr7 0 37717 814029 781074 2026-11-06T13:04:55Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = श्रीकाकुलम | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 146988 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = आंध्र प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''श्रीकाकुलम''' ({{Lang|en|Srikakulam}}) भारत के [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार श्रीकाकुलम के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 125939 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 146988 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 373वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 1014 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 84.62% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:आंध्र प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 9dj9x7ykwzlviulrujrfpk5yrpxp8hi 0 37732 814174 781088 2026-11-06T15:55:44Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सवाईमाधोपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 121106 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = राजस्थान | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सवाईमाधोपुर''' ({{Lang|en|Sawai Madhopur}}) भारत के [[राजस्थान]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सवाईमाधोपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 121106 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 121106 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 391वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 922 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 79.44% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:राजस्थान के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} g99z1ok98jnr8vooctzxch57hiu36sf 0 37736 814109 781092 2026-11-06T15:48:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सतारा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 149170 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = महाराष्ट्र | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सतारा''' ({{Lang|en|Satara}}) भारत के [[महाराष्ट्र]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सतारा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 120195 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 149170 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 396वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 966 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 92.17% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} ku5m7a76sktvuoxx17ljweutyljedid 0 37760 813740 781115 2026-11-06T12:07:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वलसाड | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 170235 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = गुजरात | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वलसाड''' ({{Lang|en|Valsad}}) भारत के [[गुजरात]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार वलसाड के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 114636 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 170235 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 424वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 955 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 91.18% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:गुजरात के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 0im1q9wtvwjb0zntc0dlked4in8vzyt 0 37783 813736 781136 2026-11-06T12:07:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वर्धा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 106444 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = महाराष्ट्र | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वर्धा''' ({{Lang|en|Wardha}}) भारत के [[महाराष्ट्र]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार वर्धा के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 106444 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 106444 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 462वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 982 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 93.77% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 32s1mbocm5c6zkkbj3a42fi20xqkgxi 0 37837 814140 736176 2026-11-06T15:52:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = समस्तीपुर | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Bihar | pushpin_map = India Bihar | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|25.862931|N|85.781064|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = [[भारत]] | subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of India|District]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]] | subdivision_type4 = Parliamentary constituency | subdivision_name4 = [[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]] | subdivision_type5 = Assembly constituency | subdivision_name5 = [[Samastipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]] | subdivision_type6 = Formation | subdivision_name6 = [[14 November 1971]] | established_title = | established_date = [[14 November 19971]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 4,254,782 (2011) | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | timezone = [[भारतीय मानक समय|आइएसटी]] | utc_offset = +5.30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 848101 | area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]] 06274 | website = {{URL|samastipur.bih.nic.in}} }} '''समस्तीपुर''' [[भारत]] के एक ठो शहर बा। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{Bihar-geo-stub}} kuv8khm8av7d95cyex69hao4asad6c2 0 37838 814165 546153 2026-11-06T15:54:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = सरैया | settlement_type = गाँव | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS = | longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[मुजफ्फरपुर जिला]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''सरैया मुजफ्फरपुर''' [[भारत]] के [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[मुजफ्फरपुर जिला]] के एक ठो बड़हन गाँव आ अपनहीं नाँव के ब्लाक के मुख्यालय बा। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{Bihar-geo-stub}} l5m3krn7siw2ws7wn3ngoywgug9ak1u 0 37856 813970 781151 2026-11-06T13:00:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शामली | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 107266 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = उत्तर प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शामली''' ({{Lang|en|Shamli}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शामली के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 107266 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 107266 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 459वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 876 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 80.32% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{India-geo-stub}} 3cbcpg0xj94g8ray1ltdofk5n56hj7u 0 37865 814352 781159 2026-11-07T05:37:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सीहोर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 109025 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = मध्य प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सीहोर''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Sehore|Sehore]]}}) भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सीहोर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 108909 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 109025 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 449वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 937 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 84.36% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} qjcqmmli4yto4eg4k0l939twgx68p74 0 37870 814392 781164 2026-11-07T07:16:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सुल्तानपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 116211 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = उत्तर प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सुल्तानपुर''' ({{Lang|en|Sultanpur}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार सुल्तानपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 1,07,640 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 1,16,211 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 455वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 908 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 87.59% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[सुल्तानपुर जिला]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{India-geo-stub}} o5pf6ffib0zkz8sfzwva5oedyeb3cmt 0 37871 813982 781165 2026-11-06T13:01:15Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिकोहाबाद | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 107404 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = उत्तर प्रदेश | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शिकोहाबाद''' ({{Lang|en|[[:en:Shikohabad|Shikohabad]]}}) भारत के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार शिकोहाबाद के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 107404 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 107404 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 457वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 891 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 80.03% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर]] {{India-geo-stub}} fp7pdz9hl60ba7rr3qgcqwcifmd1xu7 0 38171 814223 737485 2026-11-06T15:59:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिंदरी | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिंदरी''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 82rv2dil3ptjiy9sd4d2a1doywxjqyt 0 38177 814220 737490 2026-11-06T15:59:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = साहेबगंज | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''साहेबगंज''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 3q5w1wzvplkl7gvw3bazlqgkkhkxsvn 0 38178 814311 737491 2026-11-07T05:23:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिमडेगा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिमडेगा''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} dnxlk4qr6uq8v882hrski956xz6wqba 0 38184 813986 737497 2026-11-06T13:01:30Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिखरजी | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''शिखरजी''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} l3i0wkfqcxc2f0spynqhhwci2xyyuxa 0 38196 814163 737509 2026-11-06T15:54:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सरायकेला | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सरायकेला''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} n1u0v3qe8zxyui8cuxrce397b6dcjv3 0 38201 814107 737514 2026-11-06T15:48:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सतबरवा ब्लॉक | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सतबरवा ब्लॉक''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} giplb6uv7ko85n50uwz1bvwndu0q491 0 38216 813777 737527 2026-11-06T12:10:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वासुकिनाथ | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वासुकिनाथ''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} eh2dab2v437ygne6ug9ww569trcsdwh 0 38287 814218 737598 2026-11-06T15:59:30Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = साहनीडीह | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''साहनीडीह''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} ge7j5pb6oejc7aoy6ke054ljvag70vg 0 38288 814164 737599 2026-11-06T15:54:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सरायढेला | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सरायढेला''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} lap1dnok7hqv79uvkm5i2y244c39z3w 0 38289 814158 737601 2026-11-06T15:54:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सरजामदा | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सरजामदा''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} rfrhi7ulxn9nno3dlcp1r1mycrkg0wn 0 38292 814437 737603 2026-11-07T07:48:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सेवाई | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सेवाई''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} oq6464fkn5j1owbom690ak4qsez6atp 0 38293 814239 737604 2026-11-06T16:05:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिझुआ | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिझुआ''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 05l93bge2n8rhg5rfe746ftf51km6ay 0 38294 814224 737605 2026-11-06T16:00:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिंदुरिया | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिंदुरिया''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 2yy4ivctjon0i0tagfucezmulllkmii 0 38295 814318 737606 2026-11-07T05:34:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिरका, झारखंड | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिरका, झारखंड''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 3tsg95hipd4z88a8mv6jzdu6kxl7smh 0 38296 814231 737607 2026-11-06T16:05:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिउलीबन | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिउलीबन''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 9vq12bhl85z03c3w1nds1zl4am9saec 0 38304 814249 737615 2026-11-06T16:07:30Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिनी, झारखंड | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिनी, झारखंड''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 1wo3ll9wkzfft8ty3p2yhytyom073yy 0 38328 814241 737639 2026-11-06T16:05:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिटी सेंटर, बोकारो | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''सिटी सेंटर, बोकारो''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 16oxzjjk0iqeugmmetj8ussgkshdn34 0 38332 813829 737643 2026-11-06T12:50:06Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वासेपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर|कसबा]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[झारखंड]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''वासेपुर''' भारत के [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एक ठो [[शहर|कसबा]] बाटे। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के शहर‏‎ आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 3hi0yf7oewxubyr7u49f4sggu2fs2h0 0 38418 814034 800537 2026-11-06T13:05:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!--For more information, see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]].--> | name = श्रीलाल शुक्ल | honorific_prefix = | honorific_suffix = | image = Shrilal Shukla 2017 stamp of India.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = श्रीलाल शुक्ल | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = 31 दिसंबर 1925 <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | birth_place = अतरौली, लखनऊ | death_date = 28 अक्टूबर 2011 <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | death_place = लखनऊ | resting_place = | occupation = लेखक | language = हिंदी | nationality = भारतीय | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = 1947 में इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय से स्नातक | alma_mater = इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय | period = 1947 | genre = कथा-साहित्य, व्यंग्य और निबंध <!-- or: | genres = --> | subject = <!-- or: | subjects = --> | movement = | notableworks = '''उपन्यास'''—सूनी घाटी का सूरज, अज्ञातवास, राग दरबारी, आदमी का जहर, सीमाएँ टूटती हैं, मकान, पहला पड़ाव, बिस्रामपुर का संत, बब्बर सिंह और उसके साथी, राग विराग।<br>'''कहानी'''—यह घर मेरा नहीं, सुरक्षा और अन्य कहानियाँ, इस उम्र में, दस प्रतिनिधि कहानियाँ। <!-- or: | notablework = --> | spouse = गिरिजा देवी <!-- or: | spouses = --> | partner = <!-- or: | partners = --> | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | years_active = | module = | website = | portaldisp = <!-- "on", "yes", "true", etc; or omit --> }} '''श्रीलाल शुक्ल''' [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] भाषा में उपन्यास, कहानी, व्यंग्य, आलोचना, मोनोग्राफ बगैरह लिखले हवें। श्रीलाल शुक्ल के जनम लखनऊ के मोहनलालगंज क़स्बा के पास के गाँव अतरौली में 31 दिसंबर 1925 के भयल रहे। दो भाई अउर दो बहिन के बीच इनकर बचपन बीतल रहे। इनकर शुरूआती पढाई-लिखाई लखनऊ अउर कानपुर में भयल रहे। इनकर बाबूजी पंडित ब्रजकिशोर सुकुल के हिंदी, उर्दू अउर संस्कृत के कामचलाऊ जानकारी रहे। संस्कृत अउर हिंदी के शुरूआती संस्कार इंहा के अपन बाबूजी से मिलल रहे।<ref>{{cite book |author1=अखिलेश |author1-link=पंडित श्रीलाल शुक्ल |editor1-first=रवीन्द्र |editor1-last=कालिया|title=श्रीलाल शुक्ल की दुनिया |date=2000 |publisher=राजकमल प्रकाशन |location=नई दिल्ली |page=94}}</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[हिंदी भाषा के लेखक लोग के लिस्ट]] * [[भारतीय लेखक लोगन के लिस्ट]] ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:गायब निधन तिथि वाला जीवनी लेख]] [[श्रेणी:1925 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2011 में निधन]] {{Writer-stub}} 40fpos48z70wn3oap7tnmv8u8jsegaf 0 38466 813925 670015 2026-11-06T12:56:58Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Vyjayanthimala.jpg | imagesize = |nationality = [[भारतीय लोग|भारतीय]] | caption = Vyjayanthimala in 2013, at the [[Stardust Awards]] | name = Vyjayanthimala | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1936|8|13|df=y}}<ref name="story">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Divya|title=All the city is a stage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jg0fAQAAMAAJ&q=vyjayanthimala+1936&dq=vyjayanthimala+1933&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yKX3UoLCNIiqrAf_z4DYDA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw|accessdate=17 June 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 February 2009}}</ref> |birth_name = Vyjayanthimala Raman | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[त्रिपलेकेन]], [[चिन्नई|मद्रास]], [[मद्रास प्रौजिडन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिश राज्य|ब्रिटिश भारत]]}} (present-day [[चिन्नई]], [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]) | height = | occupation = Actress, [[Indian classical dance]]r, [[Carnatic music|Carnatic singer]], [[Professional golfer|golfer]], politician | works = [[Vyjayanthimala filmography|Full List]] | awards = {{nowrap|[[पद्मश्री]], [[Kalaimamani]],<br />[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]}}<br /><small>([[List of awards and nominations received by Vyjayanthimala|See more]])</small><ref>{{cite news |title=Many told me that I had gotten the award too late, but I believe I'm just getting started: Bala Kondala Rao - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/many-told-me-that-i-had-gotten-the-award-too-late-but-i-believe-im-just-getting-started-bala-kondala-rao/articleshow/62836065.cms |accessdate=1 August 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> | years_active = 1949–1968 | homepage = | parents = एमडी रामास्वामी (पिता)<br> [[वसुंधा देवी]] (माता) | spouse = {{marriage|Chamanlal Bali|1968|1986|reason=died}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Vyjayanthimala Height, Weight, Age, Affairs, Family, Biography & More {{!}} StarsUnfolded |url=https://starsunfolded.com/vyjayanthimala/ |website=starsunfolded.com |accessdate=3 August 2018}}</ref> | children = [[Suchindra Bali]]<ref>{{cite news |title=An ageless icon |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/641014/an-ageless-icon.html |accessdate=1 August 2018 |work=Deccan Herald |date=4 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref> | relation = | signature = M 215124a.jpg | signature_alt = "Vyjayanthimala Bali" |module = {{Infobox officeholder |embed = yes | office = [[Member of Parliament]] [[Lok Sabha]] | termstart = 1984 | termend = 1991 | constituency = [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] |predecessor = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |successor = R. Sridharan | office1 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] | termstart1 = 27 August 1993 | termend1 = 26 August 1999 | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (1999-''present'') |otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (1984-1999) }} }} '''वैजयंती माला''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। वैजयंती माला के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में काम खातिर जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1936 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} b3mq6r6n3re9jcu518ifun4jvcimna1 0 38478 813862 682703 2026-11-06T12:52:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विधा बालन | image = File:Vidya Balan promoting Mission Mangal.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = विद्या बालन | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|1|1|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Chembur]], [[मुंबई]], भारत | alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]] | occupation = एक्ट्रेस | yearsactive = 1995, 2003–present | spouse = [[सिद्धार्थ रॉय कपूर]] <small>(2012–present)</small> |relatives = [[Priyamani]] (second cousin) }} '''विद्या बालन''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। विद्या बालन के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1979 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:मुंबई के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} ko0rrxiciy256f3qrjm65nq37lhsgpb 0 38479 814136 811598 2026-11-06T15:51:42Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = समांथा | image = Samantha At The Irumbu Thirai Trailer Launch.jpg | caption = फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड्स साउथ, 2013 में समंता अक्किनेनी | birth_name = समंता रुत प्रभु | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|4|28}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Chowdhary|first=Y. Sunita|title=Away from the rat race|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/away-from-the-rat-race/article3402317.ece |newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 मई 2012 |accessdate=11 नवंबर 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=शेखर एच हूली |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/samantha-celebrates-birthday-tollywood-celebs-wish-her-photos-630647 |title=Samantha Celebrates Birthday; Tollywood Celebs Wish Her |publisher=इंटरनेशनल बिजनेस टाइम्स |date=28 अप्रैल 2015 |accessdate=14 नवंबर 2015}}</ref> | birth_place = [[चेन्नई]], [[तमिल नाडु]], भारत<ref name="Samantha raised in Pallavaram">{{cite news |title= Samantha raised in Pallavaram|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/meet-samantha-souths-hottest-heroine-1662705.html|publisher=Firstpost|accessdate=14 अगस्त 2014}}</ref> | nationality = भारतीय | education = होली एंजेल्स एंग्लो इंडियन हायर सेकेंडरी इस्कूल | alma_mater = स्टेला मैरिस कॉलेज, मद्रास | parents = | occupation = ऐक्ट्रेस | spouse = | relatives = दग्गुबती-अक्किनेनी परिवार<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/naga-chaitanya-samantha-ruth-prabhu-wedding-on-hold-for-now-nagarjuna-3016386/ |title=Naga Chaitanya-Samantha Ruth Prabhu wedding on hold for now: Nagarjuna|agency=indianexpress}}</ref> | signature = }} '''सामंथा रुथ प्रभु''' (जनम 28 अप्रैल 1987), जिनका खाली '''सामंथा''' भा '''समांथा''' नाँव से भी क्रेडिट दिहल जाला, एगो भारतीय एक्ट्रेस हई। ऊ मुख्य रूप से तमिल आ तेलुगु फिलिमन में काम करे ली। दक्खिन के सबसे बेसी फीस लेवे वाली एक्ट्रेस में से एक समांथा के कई गो अवार्ड मिल चुकल बा, जिनमें चार गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड्स साउथ, दू गो नंदी अवार्ड आ एगो तमिलनाडु राज्य फिल्म अवार्ड शामिल बा। कॉमर्स में डिग्री हासिल करे के दौरान कुछ समय तक मॉडलिंग कइला के बाद समांथा 2010 में तेलुगु रोमांटिक फिल्म ''ये माया चेसावे'' से एक्टिंग में डेब्यू कइली। एह फिल्म खातिर उनका के बेस्ट फीमेल डेब्यू – साउथ के फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड मिलल। ऊ दुसरकी अइसन एक्ट्रेस बनली, जिनका एके साल में बेस्ट एक्ट्रेस – तमिल आ बेस्ट एक्ट्रेस – तेलुगु, दुनो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड मिलल। ई अवार्ड 2012 के फिल्म ''नीथाने एन पोन् वसंतम'' आ ईगा में उनकर एक्टिंग खातिर मिलल रहे। अगिला कुछ सालन में ''ऊ दूकुडु'' (2011), ''सीतम्मा वाकिटलो सिरिमल्ले चेत्तु'' (2012), ''अत्तरिंटिकी दारेदी'' (2013), ''कथ्थी'' (2014), ''थेरी'' (2016), ''24'' (2016), ''मेर्सल'' (2017) आ ''रंगस्थलम'' (2018) जइसन बड़ कमाई करे वाली, पुरुष-केंद्रित फिल्मन में मेन एक्ट्रेस के रोल कइली। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1987 में जनम]] {{actress-stub}} qm4kss9b5h6obz701i42edk7rcovcva 0 38485 814025 756899 2026-11-06T13:04:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = श्रिया सरन |image =Shriya Saran at Jackky Bhagnani’s Diwali bash, 2019 (28).jpg |alt = Shriya Saran looking towards the camera |caption = Shriya Saran in 2019 |native_name = श्रिया सरन भटनागर |birth_name = Shriya Saran Bhatnagar<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shriya-Saran-Ive-been-infatuated-by-almost-every-actor-Ive-worked-with/articleshow/48251207.cms"Shriya Saran: I’ve been infatuated by almost every actor I’ve worked with"]</ref> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|09|11|}} |birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India |other_names = Shriya, Shreya |occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]], [[Model (profession)|model]], [[philanthropist]] |yearsactive = 2001–present }} '''श्रिया सरन''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। श्रेया सरन के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1982 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} h27byq1wc3zd3ywrfgkaactxppn45io 0 38486 814023 727090 2026-11-06T13:04:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = श्रद्धा कपूर | image = Shraddha Kapoor - 2016 - Baaghi promo.jpg | caption = 2016 में श्रद्धा कपूर | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|03|03|df=y}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Happy Birthday Shraddha Kapoor: Rare childhood pics of ‘Aashiqui’ girl|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-shraddha-kapoor-rare-childhood-pics-of-aashiqui-girl-2/2/|accessdate=13 November 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=3 मार्च 2016}}</ref> | birth_place = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], India | residence = | ethnicity = | years_active = 2010–present | spouse = | occupation = {{Flat list| *Film actress *designer *singer *lyricist }} | parents = Shivangi and [[Shakti Kapoor]] | relatives = See [[List of Hindi film clans#Mangeshkar-Burman family|Kapoor family]] }} '''श्रद्धा कपूर''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। श्रद्धा कपूर के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1987 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 70yzc8hqnynac7r1ykvnjxfpnr3bthj 0 38495 814036 786969 2026-11-06T13:05:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = श्रुति हासन | image = Shruti Haasan at the special screening of the short film Devi (32).jpg | caption = | birth_name = श्रुति हासन | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|1|28|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shruti-haasan-turns-30-to-celebrate-with-family-and-friends-in-chennai/|title=Shruti celebrates birthday with family; dad Kamal Haasan tweets a picture from her party|date=28 जनवरी 2016|publisher=|accessdate=26 December 2016}}</ref> | birth_place = [[चेन्नई]], [[तमिल नाडु]], भारत | residence = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shruti-Haasan-buys-house-in-Mumbai/articleshow/35956298.cms"Shruti Haasan buys house in Mumbai"]</ref> | nationality = [[भारतीय लोग|भारतीय]] | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{hlist|ऐक्ट्रेस|गायिका}}<!--See Template:Infobox person instructions--> | parents = [[कमल हासन]]<br />[[सारिका ठाकुर]] | relatives = [[अक्षरा हसन]] (छोट बहिन) | family = | years active = 2000–present | religion = <!--Must be sourced--> }} '''श्रुति हासन''' एक ठो [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारतीय फिलिम]] ऐक्ट्रेस आ [[प्लेबैक सिंगर]] बाड़ी। श्रुति हासन के तेलुगु सिनेमा, तमिल सिनेमा आ [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर जानल जाला। हासन परिवार में जनमल ऊ अभिनेता-फिल्म निर्माता [[कमल हासन]] आ अभिनेत्री सारिका ठाकुर के बेटी हई। बाल कलाकार के रूप में ऊ फिलिमन में गीत गावत रहली आ हिंदी फिलिम लक (2009) से अभिनय के शुरुआत करे से पहिले अपना पिता के निर्देशन हे [[राम]] (2000) में मेहमान भूमिका कइली बाकी 2011 में तेलुगु फिलिम ''ओह माई फ्रेंड'' आ ''अनागनागा ओ धीरुडू'' से आ तमिल साइंस फिक्शन एक्शनर 7aum Arivu से इनका के मान्यता मिलल। हासन दक्खिन भारतीय सिनेमा में सफल तेलुगु फिलिम ''गब्बर सिंह'' (2012), ''बालुपु'' (2013), ''येवडू'' (2014), ''रेस गुरम'' (2014), ''श्रीमंथुडू'' (2015), ''प्रेमम'' (2016), ''क्राक'' (2021), ''वकील साब'' (2021) के साथ स्थापित भइली आ तमिल फिलिम ''वेदलम'' (2015) आ ''सी3'' (2017) इनके फिलिम बाड़ी स। इनके हिंदी फिलिम सभ में ''डी-डे'' (2013), ''रमैया वस्तावैया'' (2013), ''गब्बर इज बैक'' (2015) आ ''वेलकम बैक'' (2015) सामिल बाड़ी स। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1986 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} sxlvf3v9pux0zuwx330yogznkrfleou 0 38501 813952 675831 2026-11-06T12:59:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = शमा सिकंदर |image = Shama Sikander in Mumbai 01.jpg |alt = |caption = Sikander at Maheka Mirpuri fashion show |birth_name = शमा सिकंदर गेस्वात |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|8|4}} |birth_place = [[मकराना]], [[राजस्थान]], India |alma_mater = Roshan Taneja School of Acting |occupation = एक्ट्रेस, मॉडल |years_active = 1998–आजतक |children = |spouse = |partner = }} '''शमा सिकंदर''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शमा सिकंदर के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1979 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} sl703h7kmx0eh7mbia74w7bcwk58o5m 0 38504 813950 670012 2026-11-06T12:59:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = शबाना आज़मी | image = Shabana Azmi.jpg | image_size = | caption = Azmi at the [[Star Guild Awards|Apsara Film Awards]] in 2015 | office1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> [[List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|(Nominated)]] | constituency1= | term_start1 = 27 August 1997 | term_end1 = 26 August 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|9|18|df=y}} | birth_place = [[हैदराबाद]], [[हैदराबाद राज्य]], भारत<br/>(now in [[तेलंगाना]], भारत) | spouse ={{marriage|[[जावेद अख्तर]]|1984}} | parents = [[Shaukat Azmi|Shaukat]] and [[कैफ़ी आज़मी]] | occupation = एक्ट्रेस, Social activist | birth_name = शबाना काइफी आज़मी | relatives = See [[List of Hindi film clans#Akhtar-Azmi family|Akhtar-Azmi family]] | residence = | ethnicity = }} '''शबाना आजमी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शबाना आजमी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1950 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 8b12o9hpr520s6zzyx5i33bankwp835 0 38509 814042 697953 2026-11-06T13:05:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shweta Menon | image =Shweta Menon 1.jpg| caption =Menon in 2011 | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], [[भारत]] | nationality = [[भारत]]n | height = 5 ft 10 inches | occupation = [[Film actress]], [[Model (people)|Model]], [[TV Presenter]] | years_active = 1991–present | title = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Asia Pacific 1994]] | children = Sabaina Menon | parents = Naranankutty, Sarada Menon | relatives = [[Anoop Menon]] (Cousin) | awards = '''[[Kerala State Film Awards]]'''<br /> 2009 – Best Actress <br />(''[[Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (film)|Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha]]'')<br /> 2011 – Best Actress <br /> (''[[Salt N' Pepper]]'') | spouse = {{marriage|Sreevalsan Menon|18 June 2011}} | website = {{URL|http://www.shwetha-menon.com}} }} '''श्वेता मेनन''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। श्वेता मेनन के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1974 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 7zxyqasgfbh047qji42sybj68ifoyx6 0 38512 813972 670005 2026-11-06T13:00:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शारदा<!-- Reverted to old title from Sharada Urvasi. Please don't put surnames in encyclopaedia titles --> | image = | birth_name = सरस्वती देवी | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|06|25|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[तेनाली]], [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = एक्ट्रेस | years_active = 1959–आजतक | spouse = [[Chalam]] (divorced) | partner = | children = | parents = Venkateswar Rao<br>Satyavathi Devi | website = | awards = '''[[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]'''<br>1969&nbsp;– Thulabharam<br>1973&nbsp;– Swayamvaram<br>1979&nbsp;– Nimajjanam }} '''शारदा''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शारदा (एक्ट्रेस) के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1945 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} pgjwoeye8rjbkh7upj218q8vznli254 0 38514 814314 763176 2026-11-07T05:34:33Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Simran | image = Simran_in_2023.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Rishibala Naval | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|04|04}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/simran-actress/biography-255837.html|title=Simran (actress)|work=in.com|accessdate=18 May 2015|archive-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426213326/http://www.in.com/simran-actress/biography-255837.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.profilebeans.com/59_Simran-biodata.html|title=Simran|work=profilebeans.com|accessdate=18 May 2015|archive-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226150030/http://www.profilebeans.com/59_Simran-biodata.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | parents = Ashok Naval (father) <br> Saradha Naval (mother) | occupation = [[Film actress]] | nationality = Indian | height = <!--{{height|ft=5|in=5.6}}--> | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], India | spouse = Deepak Bagga (m.2003–present) | children = Adheep <br/> Aadit | yearsactive = 1995–2009 <br/> 2014-present }} '''सिमरन (एक्ट्रेस)''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सिमरन (एक्ट्रेस) के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1976 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} gmvgrvlc5a61kqjnjaiews8ngbzc7ma 0 38521 813898 680616 2026-11-06T12:55:13Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = वीना मलिक | image = File:Veena Malik Latest Pic.jpg | caption = वीना मलिक | native_name = {{nastaliq|وينا ملک}} | native_name_lang = ur | birth_place = [[रावलपिंडी]], [[पंजाब, पाकिस्तान]] | residence = [[दुबई]], [[United Arab Emirates]] | nationality = पाकिस्तानी | occupation = एक्ट्रेस, मॉडल, होस्ट | years_active = 2000 – present | spouse = असद बशीर खान खट्टक <small>(m. 2013–present)</small> | children = 2<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/lifestyle/veena-malik-gives-birth-to-a-baby-girl/|title=Veena Malik gives birth to a baby girl|author=Ali Zain|date=23 September 2015|work=Daily Pakistan Global|accessdate=1 November 2015}}/</ref> | website = {{URL|http://www.veenamalik.com.pk/}} }} '''ज़हीदा मलिक''' जीनकरा '''वीना मलिक''' नांव से चिन्हल जाला एक ठो पाकिस्तानी ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। वीना मलिक के लॉलीवुड आ [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर ऐक्ट्रेस के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1984 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:पंजाब के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} sbt9n1fgw5jv3g7q3405oxcpnm2jrq3 0 38523 813748 762251 2026-11-06T12:08:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = वहीदा रहमान | image = Waheeda Rehman (cropped) enhanced.jpg | caption = 2019 में वहीदा रहमान | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1938|2|3}}<ref name="dob1">{{cite web|title=Waheeda Rehman's date issues|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Waheeda-Rehmans-date-issues/articleshow/35143364.cms|work=[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]]|author=रचना दुबे|date=2014-05-15|accessdate=15 जनवरी 2015}}</ref><ref name="dob2">http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1447973?c=people</ref><ref name="dob3">http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr96035018.html</ref> | birth_place = [[चेंगलपट्टू]], [[तमिलनाडु]], भारत | occupation = एक्ट्रेस | height = | imagesize = | yearsactive = 1955–1991, 2002–अबतक | notable works = ''[[रेशमा और शेरा]]'' में रेशमा<br/>''[[गाइड (फिलिम)|गाइड]]'' में रोज़ी मार्को/मिस नलिनी<br/> राजकुमारी नीलकमल/सीता ''[[नील कमल]]''<br/>''[[तीसरी कसम]]'' में हीराबाई <br> ''[[ख़ामोशी]]'' में नर्स राधा | othername = | homepage = | spouse = शशि रेखी (1974–2000 his death) }} '''वहीदा रहमान''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। वहीदा रहमान के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। वहीदा रहमान के परसिद्ध फिलिम सभ में ''गाइड'', तीसरी कसम, प्यासा, रेशमा और शेरा, आ नील कमल बाड़ी स। 2023 में रहमान के दादा साहेब फाल्के लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट अवार्ड दिहल गइल।<ref>{{cite news |title=Dada Saheb Phalke Award: वहीदा रहमान को दिया जाएगा दादा साहब फाल्के अवॉर्ड, केंद्रीय मंत्री ने किया ऐलान |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/photos/entertainment-legendary-actress-waheeda-rehman-to-receive-dadasaheb-phalke-award-actress-profile-guru-dutt-dvy |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=26 सितंबर 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> रहमान आपन अभिनय कैरियर के शुरुआत [[तेलुगु भाषा|तेलुगु]] [[फिलिम]] रोजुलु मरायी (1955) से कइलें। [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] निर्माता गुरु दत्त के साथे रोमांटिक ड्रामा प्यासा (1957) आ [[कागज]] के फूल (1959), [[संगीत]] रोमांस चौधरीन का चंद (1960) आ नाटक साहिब बीबी और गुलाम (1962) में सहयोग खातिर परसिद्ध भइली।[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-am-not-very-keen-on-doing-films-waheeda-rehman/articleshow/16878105.cms?referral=PM&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|32em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1938 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 6tgvu174xv9jqyuxkw7pfnxly8ywh7b 0 38537 814124 774471 2026-11-06T15:50:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sana Khan | image = Sana Khan graces Stardust Awards 2016 (02) (cropped).jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|8|21|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-pix-sana-khans-birthday-bash/20130822.htm|title=Salman Khan's Mental heroine and former Bigg Boss contestant Sana Khan celebrated her 25th birthday in style at her home in Oshiwara, a north west suburb in Mumbai, on August 21.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/sana-khan-celebrates-birthday-with-ajaz-khan-rajeev-paul/|title=Sana Khan celebrates birthday with Ajaz Khan, Rajeev Paul}}</ref> | religion = <!--Per our rules about content about living people, this cannot be filled in unless Sana Khan makes a self affirming statement "I am a X" in a reliable source. The source must be provided.--> | other_names = | birth_place = [[मुंबई]], Maharashtra, India | nationality = [[Indian nationality law|Indian]] | occupation = Actress, model, dancer | yearsactive = 2005–present | website = }} '''सना खान''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सना खान के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1988 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 2wk4w3j1g8i7sxx0kkn3s0y5m68kes5 0 38554 814429 777451 2026-11-07T07:48:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant titleholder | name = Celina Jaitley | image = | image_size = | caption = Jaitly in 2012 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|11|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1380415/|title=Celina Jaitly|website=IMDb|accessdate=1 अक्टूबर 2017}}</ref> | title = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India 2001]] | competitions = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India 2001]]<br>(Winner)<br>[[Miss Universe 2001]]<br>(4th Runner-up) | occupation = Actress, Model | alma_mater = St. Joseph College | years_active = 2001–present | spouse = {{marriage|Peter Haag|2011}} | homepage = {{url|http://www.celinajaitlyofficial.com}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/feb/180209-Celina-Jaitly-website-fans-conquer-virtual-world.htm|title=Celina Jaitly's WebSite Launch|work=[[Mid-day]]|date=18 February 2009|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=6 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106034852/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/feb/180209-Celina-Jaitly-website-fans-conquer-virtual-world.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''सेलिना जेटली''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सेलिना जेटली के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1981 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 3lujvefboy7ksxfxu2l684wnionpb9m 0 38557 814383 727086 2026-11-07T07:16:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Supriya Pathak Kapur | image = SupriyaPathak.jpg | image_size = 235px | caption = 2012 में सुप्रिया पाठक | birth_name = Supriya Pathak | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|01|07|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]] | nationality = [[भारत]]n | education = [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] (Dance) | alma_mater = Nalanda Dance Research Centre, [[University of Mumbai]] | occupation = [[Actress]] | years_active = 1981–present | known_for = Actor | notable_works = [[Kalyug (1981 film)]]<br>[[Bazaar (1982 film)]]<br>[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]] | television = [[Khichdi (TV series)]] | spouse = [[Pankaj Kapur]] (1988–present) | children = Sanah Kapur<br> Ruhaan Kapur | mother = [[Dina Pathak]] | relatives = [[Ratna Pathak]] (sister) <br> [[Naseeruddin Shah]] (brother-in-law) <br> [[Shahid Kapoor]] (step-son) <br> [[Imaad Shah]] (nephew) <br> [[Vivaan Shah]] (nephew) | awards = [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] (1982, 1983, and 2013) }} '''सुप्रिया पाठक''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुप्रिया पाठक के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1961 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} feeslcpshcaj4iqdu4ajoh4hrexss2a 0 38566 813954 785132 2026-11-06T12:59:18Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शम्मी | image = Shammi (Nargis Rabadai).jpg | imagesize = | caption = शम्मी<!--Shammi at the Khap Film Press Meet--> | birth_name = नरगिस रबादी | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1931}} | birth_place =[[मुंबई]], [[भारत]] | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]] | yearsactive = 1949–2013 | awards = }}'''शम्मी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शम्मी (एक्ट्रेस) के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1931 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:मुंबई के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} gzcp46u2thphg3sr8726smlo1jepdsa 0 38573 814376 680892 2026-11-07T07:15:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sudha Chandran | birth_name = Sudha Chandran | image = Sudha chandran rabindranath tagore 150th birth aniversary celebration.jpg | caption = सुधा चंद्रन के 2012 के छबी | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|09|27}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sudha Chandran Herself|url=http://www.nokiajeenaisikanaam.indiatimes.com/sudha.html|website=Indiatimes|accessdate=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="gulf">{{cite web|title=Women's Day special – against all odds|url=http://gulfnews.com/opinion/thinkers/women-s-day-special-against-all-odds-1.1685946|website=Gulf News|first=Vimala|last=Madon |accessdate=16 जून 2016| date=7 मार्च 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308102926/http://gulfnews.com/opinion/thinkers/women-s-day-special-against-all-odds-1.1685946|archivedate=8 मार्च 2016}}</ref><!--Note: She was 50 according to a 2016 particles written in March, which means she was 51 by September. 2016-51=1965--> | birth_place = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--> | spouse = {{Marriage|Ravi Dang|1994}}<ref name="dna">{{cite web|last1=Farook|first1=Farhana|title=I view the accident as a blessing: Sudha Chandran|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-view-the-accident-as-a-blessing-sudha-chandran-1134378|website=DNA|accessdate=16 जून 2016|date=21 November 2007}}</ref> }} '''सुधा चंद्रन''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुधा चंद्रन के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1965 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} a2vbx0gxddddhyfsopnaz6gkn1w497w 0 38581 814024 757491 2026-11-06T13:04:30Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = श्रद्धा दास | image = Shraddha_Das_at_Special-screening_of_Blue_Planet_II_(cropped).jpg | caption = Shraddha Das at an event | birth_name = | birth_place = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], India | othername = | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]] | years_active = 2008–present | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''श्रद्धा दास''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। श्रद्धा दास के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1987 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 54kftcrffanqm18y2w8kizyix2q4o4r 0 38584 813991 688811 2026-11-06T13:01:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शिल्पी शर्मा | image = | caption = शिल्पी शर्मा | native_lang = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|03|01}} | birth_place = [[नई दिल्ली]], भारत<ref>https://twitter.com/iamshilpisharma</ref> | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]], [[मॉडल (लोग)|मॉडल]] | birth_name = शिल्पी शर्मा | height = 5 ft 7 in | yearsactive = 2014–present<ref>https://facebook.com/officialshilpisharma</ref> | website = {{url|http://www.shilpisharma.in}} }} '''शिल्पी शर्मा''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शिल्पी शर्मा के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1992 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} eslfm7x3a172xs9orq7izfagvff8jw2 0 38587 814350 667774 2026-11-07T05:37:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Seema Rahmani | image = Host World Travel Awards Show 2014.jpg | caption = Rahmani hosting The World Travel Awards Show, Asia & Australasia, 2014 | birth_place = Kuwait | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|df=yes|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]/[[Americans|American]] | other_names = | years active = 2000 - present | occupation = Actress, Event host, TV presenter, Writer, Director, Poet, Entrepreneur, Humanitarian }} '''सीमा रहमानी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सीमा रहमानी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1969 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 18vgcn6v174kdvfxcoi4ucvb002zdvh 0 38601 814315 668834 2026-11-07T05:34:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox pageant titleholder | image = Simran Mundi at Escobar Launch.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1989|09|13}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]] | occupation = Actress, model | height = {{convert|5|ft|9|in|cm}} | competitions = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India 2008]]<br/>(Winner)<br/>[[Miss Universe 2008]]<br/>(Unplaced) }} '''सिमरन कौर मुंडी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सिमरन कौर मुंडी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1989 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 9hhmf6abs9dq8q2dhb8dqoiv33ii27d 0 38604 814316 726979 2026-11-07T05:34:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name =Simi Garewal | image =SimiGarewal.jpg | imagesize = | caption = 2012 में सिमी ग्रेवाल | birthname = Simrita Garewal | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|10|17}} | birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[East Punjab]], [[Dominion of India|India]] | occupation = Film actor, [[Producer (film)|Producer]], director, Chat show Hostess | film industry = [[Bollywood]] | years active=1962 – present }} '''सिमी ग्रेवाल''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सिमी ग्रेवाल के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1947 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:पंजाब के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} p0os8k3b2wirmes4ihf0a20zpb4mpwi 0 38609 813746 670024 2026-11-06T12:07:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = वसुंधरा दास |image = Vasundhara Das still3.jpg |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|10|27}} |birth_place = [[बंगलौर]], कर्नाटक, भारत |occupation = गायिका, एक्ट्रेस, composer, entrepreneur, speaker, songwriter |yearsactive = 1998–present |spouse = Roberto Narain }} '''वसुंधरा दास''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। वसुंधरा दास के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1977 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} c44qtjrlcom6ro1oev7u3vlp2z3wkb7 0 38614 814180 785112 2026-11-06T15:56:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sanghavi | image = Sanghavi at Coimbatore Mapillai movie function.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Kavya Ramesh | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|10|04|df=y}}<ref>http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/sanghavi/biography.html</ref> | birth_place = [[Mysore]], [[कर्नाटक]], India | occupation = Actress | years active = 1993-present | spouse = N Venkatesh (m 2016) <ref name="dna1"/> }} '''सांघवी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सांघवी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1977 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 1hq3pabqldw16zibk5x6i3oq5zk5wfe 0 38616 813755 763082 2026-11-06T12:08:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* पुरस्कार */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = वाणी कपूर | image = Vaani Kapoor walked the ramp at the Lakme Fashion Week 2018 (03) (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Kapoor at [[Lakme Fashion Week]] in 2018 | birth_place = [[दिल्ली]], भारत | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|08|23}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Vaaniofficial/status/406677220682252288|title=its 88!*sigh*|date=29 November 2013|accessdate=3 फरवरी 2014|author=Kapoor, Vaani|publisher=Twitter.com}}</ref> | nationality = [[भारतीय लोग|भारतीय]] | occupation = एक्ट्रेस, मॉडल | website = | yearsactive = 2010{{ndash}}present }} '''वाणी कपूर''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। वाणी कपूर के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। == फिल्में == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! वर्ष !! फ़िल्म !! चरित्र !! टिप्पणी |- |[[2013]] || [[शुद्ध देसी रोमांस]] || तारा || हिंदी फ़िल्म |- |[[2014]] || आहा कल्याणम || श्रुति शुभ्रमन्यम || तमिल फ़िल्म |- |} == पुरस्कार == * स्टार गिल्ड अवार्ड्स, मोस्ट प्रोमिसिंग डेब्यू (फीमेल) - ''[[शुद्ध देसी रोमांस]]''<ref name="starguildawards.org">http://starguildawards.org/9th_apsara_awards_winners.html</ref> * फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड (2014) - ''[[शुद्ध देसी रोमांस]]''<ref name="NDTV: Filmfare Awards 2014">{{cite news|first=NDTV|title=Filmfare Awards 2014: List of winners|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2014-list-of-winners-475177|accessdate=29 जनवरी 2014|date=25 जनवरी 2014|archive-date=2014-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125010917/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2014-list-of-winners-475177|url-status=dead}}</ref> * जी सिने अवार्ड फॉर बेस्ट फेमैले डेब्यू (2014) - ''[[शुद्ध देसी रोमांस]]''<ref name="starguildawards.org"/> * बॉलीवुड हंगामा सुरफेर्स चॉइस अवार्ड्स- 2013 - ''[[शुद्ध देसी रोमांस]]''<ref>http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6246</ref> * आइफा अवार्ड - ''[[शुद्ध देसी रोमांस]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhowmik|first=Arijita|title=IIFA Awards 2014: Deepika Padukone, Farhan Akhtar, 'Bhaag Milkha Bhaag' Take Away Major Honours [Full Winner's List]|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/549676/20140427/iifa-awards-2014-winners-deepika-farhan-bhaag.htm|accessdate=27 अप्रैल 2014|work=International Business Times|date=27 अप्रैल 2014}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1988 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} ntzi0sloeity88qkk39zpxwvrpxuxli 0 38617 814394 786534 2026-11-07T07:16:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sushma Seth | image = SushmaSeth.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = Sushma Seth in 2013 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1936|6|20}} | birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[British India]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} Death date then birth --> | death_place = | othername = | occupation = Actress | yearsactive = 1956–present<ref name="offtheatre">{{cite web|url=http://sushmaseth.com/theatre.php|title=Stage plays performed from 1956-1990|accessdate=6 December 2015|archive-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025084642/http://sushmaseth.com/theatre.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> | spouse = | children = 3 | relatives = [[Charu Sija Mathur]] (sister)<br>[[Rajkumar Singhajit Singh]] (brother-in-law) | domesticpartner }} '''सुषमा सेठ''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुषमा सेठ के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1936 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} tdu5bjcdl3etfpmg7iab5b3i6244h6j 0 38621 814035 761752 2026-11-06T13:05:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shruti Seth | image =Shruti Seth graces Festivelle Boss Lady event (05).jpg | caption =2018 में श्रुति सेठ | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[भारत]] | nationality = [[भारत]]n | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]], [[model (person)|Model]] | children = Alina Aslam (b. 2014) | spouse = [[Danish Aslam]] (2010–present) | yearsactive = 2003–present }} '''श्रुति सेठ''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। श्रुति सेठ के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1977 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} i194knr2vlqvzs0jl0dvd08etqy3quq 0 38622 814053 727580 2026-11-06T13:41:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = संजीदा शेख | image = Sanjeeda at STAR Plus Dandia Shoot2 (cropped).jpg | caption = 2015 में संजीदा शेख | birth_name = | Born = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|12|20}} | birth_place = [[कुवैत नगर]], [[कुवैत]] | yearsactive = 2006–present | religion = | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]], [[डांसर]], [[television presenter]], [[मॉडल (लोग)|मॉडल]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[आमिर अली]]|2012}}<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aamir-Ali-off-to-Goa-for-vacation-with-wife-Sanjeeda-Sheikh/articleshow/54973035.cms|title=Sanjeeda-Amir going to Goa for vacation|publisher=''Times ofIndia''}}</ref> | imagesize = |signature= }}'''संजीदा शेख''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। संजीदा शेख के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1984 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} lx5atwyrk404qede62uk93o7j6583d9 0 38625 814396 667781 2026-11-07T07:17:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Suhas Joshi | image = | imagesize = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|7|12}} | birth_place = | residence = [[Thane]] (West), [[महाराष्ट्र]]<ref name=Interview/> | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = [[Actress]] | nationality = Indian | salary = | networth = | yearsactive= 1972–present | othername = Suhasini Joshi<ref name=Interview>{{cite web | url=http://www.thaneweb.com/interviews/142_suhas_joshi.asp | title=Interview | publisher=''Thaneweb.com'' | accessdate=24 December 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710020904/http://www.thaneweb.com/interviews/142_suhas_joshi.asp | archivedate=10 July 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> | spouse = Sibhash Joshi | children = | website = }} '''सुहास जोशी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुहास जोशी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1947 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 7j9vk8dbx3mqgifu4p9xtulg5h6t228 0 38629 814145 667766 2026-11-06T15:52:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = समीरा रेड्डी | image = Sameera Reddy attends Reebok Fit to Fight event (11) (cropped).jpg | caption = Reddy in 2017 | birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|14 December 1980|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rajahmundry]], [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], India | yearsactive = 2000–2013 | spouse = Akshai Varde (2014–present) | height = 5 ft 6.5 in | parents = Chintapoli Reddy<br>Nakshatra Reddy | children = 1 | relatives = [[Meghna Reddy]] (sister)<br>[[Sushma Reddy]] (sister) | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]] }} '''समीरा रेड्डी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। समीरा रेड्डी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1980 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} {{singer-stub}} 5xd1ct2uzx699sfb2eoz0wtbvrx5jiv 0 38630 813959 727092 2026-11-06T12:59:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शशिकला | image = Shashikala.jpg | imagesize = | caption = 2012 में शशिकला | birth_name = शशिकला जावलकर | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1932|8|4}} | birth_place = [[सोलापुर]], महाराष्ट्र, भारत | othername = शशिकला ओम प्रकाश सेगल | yearsactive = 1944&ndash;present | spouse = ओम प्रकाश सेगल }} '''शशिकला''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शशिकला के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:1932 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:2021 में निधन]] {{actor-stub}} e4zak3bah1lav75qahe7apygw3517h7 0 38634 814388 667778 2026-11-07T07:16:38Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | name = Sulakshana Pandit | image = | caption = | image_size = | background = solo_singer | alias = Sulakshna Pandit | birth_name = Sulakshana Pratap Narain Pandit | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|07|12}} | birth_place = [[Raigarh]], [[भारत]] | death_date = | death_place = | instrument = | genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], performing artist | occupation = [[Singer]], [[actor]] | years_active = Singing: 1967–1996<br>Acting: 1975–1988 }} '''सुलक्षणा पंडित''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुलक्षणा पंडित के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1954 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 315xk9whk5xetwo6wjrf9zivi55ue7z 0 38639 813964 670006 2026-11-06T12:59:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शहाना गोस्वामी<br>শাহানা গোস্বামী<br>शहाणा गोस्वामी | image = Shahana Goswami at the premiere of 'Talaash'.jpg | image size = | caption = Shahana Goswami at the premiere of '[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within|Talaash]]', 2012 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|5|6}} | birth_place = [[नई दिल्ली]], भारत | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = एक्ट्रेस | yearsactive = | website = {{URL|http://www.shahanagoswami6.com/}} }} '''शहाना गोस्वामी''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शहाना गोस्वामी के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1986 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 7fre0cik69axyituk3i8ieswxsuqnyv 0 38640 814016 748470 2026-11-06T13:03:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = शेफाली शाह | image = Photos-Celebs-attend-the-premiere-of-Delhi-Crime-2-0086-1 (cropped2).jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = 2022 में शेफाली शाह | birth_name = Shefali Shetty | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1972|7}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[भारत]] | death_date = | death_place = | othername = | occupation = actress | yearsactive = 1995–present | spouse = [[Harsh Chhaya]] (1997–2001) (divorced)<br />[[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]] (present) | website = }} '''शेफाली शाह''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शेफाली शाह के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1972 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 22bmgu20cya7x487sijgn7rtl46tsh6 0 38642 813957 679617 2026-11-06T12:59:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant titleholder | name = '''शर्लिन चोपड़ा''' | image = Sherlyn Chopra snapped at Tunu Tunu album launch (03) (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = | alt = | birth_name =मोना चोपड़ा | birth_date ={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|02|11}} | birth_place = [[हैदराबाद]], [[भारत]] | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = [[मॉडल (profession)|मॉडल]], [[ऐक्ट्रेस]], Singer | yearsactive = | ethnicity = [[Punjabi]] | height ={{height|ft=5|in=7}}<ref name="playboy.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.playboy.com/sherlyn-chopra|title=Sherlyn Chopra on Playboy|publisher=}}</ref> | title = Miss Andhra<ref>{{cite web|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/bollywood/sherlyn-chopra/sherlyn-chopras-unseen-pics/articleshow/15417811.cms|title=Sherlyn won a beauty contest, she added as a caption "When I waz crowned Miss Andhra Pradesh.....'|publisher=}}</ref> | competitions =Miss Andhra Beauty Pageant | hair_color = Black<ref name="playboy.com"/> | eye_color = Brown<ref name="playboy.com"/> | measurements =34C-24-36<ref name="playboy.com"/> | weight =48 Kg | dress_size = | collar = | suit = | shoe_size = | agency = | spouse = | relatives = | website = {{URL|sherlynchopra.com}} }} '''शर्लिन चोपड़ा''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। शर्लिन चोपड़ा के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1984 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} re8yjjgy1a6qck25se4vu4zvsc38w9b 0 38648 814371 727088 2026-11-07T07:15:07Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Suchitra Krishnamoorthi | image = Suchitra.Krishnamoorthi.jpg | caption = 2014 में सुचित्रा कृष्णमूर्ति | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Shekhar Kapur]]|1999|2007|reason=div}} | children = 1 | occupation = Actress, writer, painter, singer }} '''सुचित्रा कृष्णमूर्ति''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुचित्रा कृष्णमूर्ति के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1975 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} hi63koibmxd2txcd03sqo0nfr9puizt 0 38649 814060 465730 2026-11-06T13:42:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = संध्या मृदुल | image = Sandhya Mridul at an event at Koh hosted by Shruti Seth 06.jpg | caption = | birth_name = संध्या मृदुल | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|3|28}} | birth_place = [[मुंबई]], [[भारत]]<ref name=tele/> | occupation = Actress | death_place = | height = | othername = | yearsactive = 1993–present | spouse = | notable role = }}'''संध्या मृदुल''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। संध्या मृदुल के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1975 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 3589ryxri9zvjg6vtwc3mc74rli38pg 0 38660 814208 667769 2026-11-06T15:58:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actress | name = Saira Banu | image = Saira-Banu.jpg | caption = Saira Banu in 2014 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1944|08|23}} | birth_place = [[Mussoorie]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]<br/>(now in [[Uttarakhand]], [[भारत]]) | mother = [[Naseem Banu]] | father = Mian Ehsan-ul-Haq | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Actress (film<br/>theatre) | spouse = [[Dilip Kumar]] (m. 1966) | relatives = [[Nasir Khan (actor)|Nasir Khan]] (brother-in-law) | website = | othername = Saira Banu | yearsactive = 1961–1986 }} '''सायरा बानो''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सायरा बानो के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1944 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 2x9ak2qeayqor0jliaxjgits849nq6r 0 38670 814212 667770 2026-11-06T15:59:06Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sarika | image = Sarika.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Sarika in 2010 at the premiere of ''Get Rid of My Wife'' | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1960|12|05}} | yearsactive = | birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[भारत]] | birth_name = Sarika Thakur | spouse = {{marriage|[[Kamal Haasan]]|1988|2004}} | occupation = Actress | children = [[Shruti Haasan]] {{small|(born 1986)}}<br>[[Akshara Haasan]] {{small|(born 1991)}} | years active = 1967 - Present | relatives = | othername = }} '''सारिका''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सारिका के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1960 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} fjt37vww1pojko98y2gjm5rnt0rm1bl 0 38678 813870 667755 2026-11-06T12:52:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = विभावरी देशपांडे |image = Vibhavari Deshpande.jpg |imagesize = |caption = विभावरी देशपांडे 2010 में |birth_name = विभावरी दीक्षित |birth_date = |birth_place = |residence = |death_date = |death_place = |occupation = ऐक्ट्रेस, लेखिका |nationality = भारतीय |salary = |networth = |yearsactive= |othername = |spouse = हृषिकेश देशपांडे |children = राधा देशपांडे }} '''विभावरी देशपांडे''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी जे मुख्य रूप से मराठी सिनेमा आ मराठी थियेटर में एक्टिंग करे खातिर जानल जाली। देशपांडे के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में भी जानल जाला। एकरे अलावा एक ठो लेखिका के रूप में भी इनके पहिचान बाटे। {{clr}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1979 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} bf5r3hq8hkp8w6eog1k1ktquwyi5wyd 0 38684 813738 670025 2026-11-06T12:07:31Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = वर्षा उसगांवकर | image = Varsha-Usgaonkar-Crop.jpg | image_size = | caption = Varsha Usgaonkar in मार्च 2015 | birth_name = वर्षा उसगांवकर | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|2|28}} | years_active= 1987–present | birth_place = [[गोवा]], भारत | occupation = एक्ट्रेस, मॉडल | spouse = अजय शर्मा | children = | parents = | relatives = | other_names = }} '''वर्षा उसगांवकर''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। वर्षा उसगांवकर के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1968 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} n5iqrwktm27c2k05uwsjpqv3ppnd3ww 0 38693 813863 726977 2026-11-06T12:52:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विद्या सिन्हा | image = VidyaSinha.jpg | caption = 2011 में विद्या सिन्हा | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|11|15|df=y}} | birth_name = | birth_place = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | death_date = {{death date and age|2019|8|15|1947|11|15|df=y}} | height = | yearsactive = 1974–1986, 2000-2019 | othername = | spouse = Venkateshwaran Iyer (1968-1996) (his death), Netaji Bhimrao Salunkhe (2001-2009) (divorced) | children = जाह्नवी | occupation = [[ऐक्ट्रेस]] }} '''विद्या सिन्हा''' (15 नवंबर 1947 – 15 अगस्त 2019) एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस रहली। विद्या सिन्हा के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:1947 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2019 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} fjolblzk0ibiqwjpq8y54x00hit30wn 0 38701 814058 465702 2026-11-06T13:42:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = संदीपा धर | image = Sandeepa Dhar graces the Grey Goose fashion event.jpg | birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[भारत]] | occupation = [[Model (person)|Model]], [[ऐक्ट्रेस]] | yearsactive = 2010–present | residence = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], India }} '''संदीपा धर''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। संदीपा धर के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{actor-stub}} j2amddbs9rt6uod10q58sayava9i6ea 0 38703 814169 763157 2026-11-06T15:55:19Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Salma Agha | image =SalmaAgha.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Salma Agha at an event in 2011 | birth_date = | birth_name = | birth_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan | residence = | citizenship = British Indian<ref name=toi>{{cite news |author=Seema Sinha, TNN 4 September 2012, 10.05&nbsp;am IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news-interviews/33562578_1_double-role-rishi-kapoor-debut-film |title=Salma Agha's daughter Sasha bags Yashraj's film |work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया (newspaper) |date=4 September 2012 |accessdate=18 June 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191648/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news-interviews/33562578_1_double-role-rishi-kapoor-debut-film |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ethnicity = | occupation = Singer, actress, producer | religion = | spouse = [[Rahmat Khan]] <small>(m. 1989; div. 2010)</small> <br/>Manzar Shah <small>(m. 2011)</small> | children = 2 (including [[Sasha Agha]]) | relatives = See [[List of Hindi film clans#Agha family|Agha–Khan family]] }} '''सलमा आगा''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सलमा आगा के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1964 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 4hp3r2xj6rgf992qk3lb0bitualiupf 0 38704 814389 668840 2026-11-07T07:16:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sulagna Panigrahi | image = Sulagna Panigrahi at the audio release & first look of an Hindi film.jpg | caption = Panigrahi at the audio release & First look of ''Ek Adhbut Dakshina... Guru Dakshina'' in 2016 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth-date and age|3 February 1989}} | birth_place = [[Berhampur]], [[Odisha]], [[भारत]] | nationality = Indian | other_names =Savithri | occupation = Actress, Producer }} '''सुलग्ना पाणिग्रही''' एक ठो भारतीय फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी। सुलग्ना पाणिग्रही के [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में एक्टिंग करे खातिर [[बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस लोग के लिस्ट|बॉलीवुड ऐक्ट्रेस]] के रूप में जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1989 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} 2hr74jcv23vmcjh35ox3og7zfpe445d 0 38750 813971 796079 2026-11-06T13:00:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शामी कबाब''' भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप मे खाइल जाए वाला कबाब का एगो खास प्रकार ह। इ भारतीय, पाकिस्तानी और बांग्लादेशी ख़ान-पान शैली क एगो प्रमुख अंग ह।<ref>{{cite web|title=Shami Kabab|url=http://www.fauziaskitchenfun.com/shami-kabab|website=fauziaskitchenfun.com}}</ref> इ आमतौर पर मसलल माँस (कीमा) की छोट लोथ से बनेला। एके टूटले से बचावे खातिर एमे चना क बेसन अथवा अंडा भी मिलावल जाला।  वइसे त इ बीफ, बकरे के माँस (मटन) अथवा मेमने के माँस (लैम मीट) की कीमा से बनेला, पर भारत मे एकर शाकाहारी प्रकार (आलू या पनीर से बनल) भी देखे के मिलेला।<ref>{{cite web|title=Shami Kebab Recipe|url=http://www.indianfoodforever.com/mughlai/shami-kabab.html|website=indianfoodforever.com|access-date=2016-12-10|archive-date=2016-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121013941/http://www.indianfoodforever.com/mughlai/shami-kabab.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>http://www.faskitchen.com/how-to-make-shami-kabab-recipe/</ref> एके अक्सर नाश्ता अथवा क्षुधावर्धक व्यंजन (ऐपिटाइज़र) के रूप मे खाइल जाला। शामी कबाब के [[हैदराबाद]], [[पंजाब]], कश्मीर, [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] और पाकिस्तान के सिंध प्रांत मे मेहमाननवाज़ी का बेहतरीन तरीका मानल जाला। [[भारत]], [[पाकिस्तान]] और [[बांग्लादेश]] मे शामी कबाब के एगो अच्छा नाश्ता मानल जाला।<ref>{{cite web|title=Shami Kabab, Meat or Chicken|url=http://www.mamtaskitchen.com/recipe_display.php?id=10119|author=Mamta Gupta|website=mamtaskitchen.com|publisher=Mamta Gupta and F2 Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Spring Shami Kabab|url=http://zabihabites.com/spring-shami-kabab/|date=12 मई 2013|website=zabihabites.com|publisher=Zabiha Bites|access-date=2016-12-10|archive-date=2020-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219200408/http://zabihabites.com/spring-shami-kabab/|url-status=dead}}</ref> एके नींबू की रस से सजावल जाला और एकरी साथ धनिया अथवा पुदीना क चटनी परोसल जाला। अक्सर बारीक कटल प्याज क सलाद शामी कबाब के साथ पेश कइल जाला।<ref>{{cite web|work = BBC |title = Sami Kebabs |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/shami_kebabs_34462}}</ref>  रमजान  महीने मे शाम के रोज़ा खोलले की वक्त शामी कबाब खाना काफ़ी प्रचलित बा। ईद की मुबारक मौका पर शामी कबाब के शीर खुरमा की साथ खइले क भी चलन बा। ==पकवले क तरीका== आम तौर पर शामी कबाब उबलल अथवा भूनल माँस (चिकन अथवा मटन) क होला जेके चना की बेसन की साथ खड़ा गरम मसाला (गरम मसाला, काली मिर्च, छोटी इलायची, लौंग, तेजपत्ता आदि) की मिश्रण मे लपेट के अदरक, लहसुन और नमक के साथ तब तक पकावल जाला जबले की उ नरम ना हो जाए। कबाब की पकले की दौरान प्याज, हल्दी, पिसल मरीचा, अंडा, बारीक कटल हरीयर धनिया, बारीक कटल हरीयर मरीचा और धनिया क पत्ता भी मिलावल जाला। कबो-कभार खड़ा मसाला की जगह पर गरम मसाला पावडरो क इस्तेमाल होला।<ref>{{cite web|title=Shami Kabab Recipe|url=http://www.angelfire.com/country/fauziaspakistan/shamikabab.html|website=www.angelfire.com/country/fauziaspakistan|publisher=fauziaspakistan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shami Kabab|url=http://indianfood.about.com/od/lambdishes/r/shamikabab.htm|date=10 December 2014|website=About.com|author=Petrina Verma Sarkar|publisher=About.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chicken Shami Kebab|url=http://fortheloveofyum.wordpress.com/2011/04/01/chicken-shami-kebabs/|website=fortheloveofyum.wordpress.com|date=1 अप्रैल 2015}}</ref> एकरी बाद पाकल माँस ए तरह से मसलल जाला की उ रेसेदार बनल रहे। अब ए तैयार मिश्रण से छोटा-छोटा हीरा की आकार क अथवा गोल पकौड़ा बनावल जाला और ओके छिछला कडाही में गहरा तल लिहल जाला। ==प्रस्तुति== शामी कबाब और रोटी अथवा नान के आम तौर प कैचप, हॉट सॉस, चिल्ली गार्लिक सॉस, रायता या चट्नी के साथ परोसल जाला, कबाब के परोसले से पहिले ओके फेंटल अंडा की घोल मे डूबा के दुबारा फ्राइ कइले क भी प्रचलन बा। हैदराबाद मे शामी कबाब पकावल चावल, बिरयानी और रुमाली रोटी के साथ भी खाईल जाला। ==नामकरण== पाकिस्तान मे शामी कबाब की नामकरण का संबंध बिलाड अल-शाम (आधुनिक सीरिया) से जोड़ल जाला काहें की ओइजा क बावर्ची आम तौर पर मध्य कालीन भारत की धनी मुगल बादशाहन की बावर्चीखाना मे काम करें स।<ref>{{cite web|title=The “traditional” Shami Kabab|url=http://www.dathreebroomsticks.com/2013/12/shami-kababs/|date=5 December 2013|website=dathreebroomsticks.com|author=Chef Honey Dukes|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528234933/http://www.dathreebroomsticks.com/2013/12/shami-kababs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> भारत मे एकरी नामकरण के पीछे इहे मान्यता ह कि इ हिंदी और उर्दू की शब्द "शाम" से प्रेरित बा, काहें की इ ज्यादातर शाम की नाश्ता मे खाइल जाये वाला व्यंजन ह।<ref>{{cite web|title=Shami Kebab|url=http://khadizaskitchen.com/tag/shami-kabab/|website=khadizaskitchen.com|date=23 November 2014|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323170033/https://khadizaskitchen.com/tag/shami-kabab/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==संदर्भ== <references/> ==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== * [http://www.indiacurry.com/lamb/l011shamikebab.htm Indian Curry: Recipe Shami kebab/Shami tikka from indiacurry.com] * [http://www.evernewrecipes.com/tag/shami/ Pakistani Style, Shami kebab recipe from evernewrecipes.com] * [http://www.surfindia.com/recipes/shami-kabab.html Surf India: Shami kabab recipe from surfindia.com] [[श्रेणी:खाना]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय खाना]] 9uuamoglfr5f2r78y5kveo00jmlp272 0 39395 813909 804376 2026-11-06T12:55:52Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वृंदावन | other_name = वृंदाबन, बृंदाबन | nicknames = विधवा लोग के शहर | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = , Vrindawan.jpg | photo1b = Madanmohan Mandir Vrindavan.JPG | photo2a = Radha Damodar Temple.JPG | photo2b = Radhavallabhlalj.jpg | photo3a = Prem Mandir Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (2014).jpg | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = black | size = 266 | foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Krishna Balaram Mandir]], [[Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan|Radha Madanmohan Temple]], [[Radha Damodar Temple, Vrindavan|Radha Damodar Temple]], [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan|Radha Vallabh Temple]], [[Prem Mandir Vrindavan|Prem Mandir (Love temple)]]}} | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | pushpin_label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|27.58|N|77.7|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{IND}} | subdivision_type1 = राज्य | subdivision_type2 = जिला | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name2 = [[मथुरा जिला|मथुरा]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 170 | population_total = 63,005 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 281121 | area_code = 0565 | area_code_type = फोन कोड | registration_plate = UP-85 | website = | footnotes = | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | demographics1_title3 = लोकल | demographics1_info3 = [[ब्रजभाषा]] }} '''वृंदावन''' चाहे '''बृंदाबन'''<ref name=":0" /> [[भारत]] के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य के [[मथुरा जिला]] में एक ठो कसबा बाटे। ई एगो इतिहासी नगर हवे जे ब्रजभूमि क्षेत्र में आवे ला आ हिंदू लोगन खातिर धार्मिक महत्त्व के जगह बा, खासतौर से कृष्ण खातिर जिनका बारे में बतावल जाला कि उनके ज्यादातर बचपन एह इलाका में बीतल रहल।<ref name="Hawley">{{cite book |surname=Hawley |given=John Stratton |title=Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century |url=https://archive.org/details/krishnasplaygrou0000hawl |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0190123987 |place=Oxford; New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UP gets first officially designated 'teerth sthals' in Vrindavan and Barsana|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/up-gets-first-officially-designated-teerth-sthals-in-vrindavan-and-barsana/articleshow/61277272.cms|date=27 October 2017|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=route/><ref>{{cite book|last=Keene|first=Henry George|author-link=Henry George Keene (1826–1915)|title=A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/n113/mode/1up|chapter=Bindrabun|date=1899|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.|pages=98–106}}</ref> बृंदाबन क्षेत्र में लगभग 5,500 मंदिर बाने जे कृष्ण आ उनके संगिनी [[राधा]] के समर्पित बाड़ें।<ref name="Madan">{{cite book |last=Gopal |first=Madan |url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |title=India through the ages |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |year=1990 |editor=K.S. Gautam |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/176 176]}}</ref> {{Clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर सभ के लिस्ट]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:मथुरा जिला]] {{UP-geo-stub}} 8yfudn3meqq4zzaan1lu0p5vcjol1os 0 39412 813994 589329 2026-11-06T13:02:13Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शिवदासपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = कस्बा | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|25.28947 |82.9658 |display=inline, title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[वाराणसी जिला|बनारस]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 11432 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | demographics1_title2 = लोकल | demographics1_info2 = [[भोजपुरी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड]] | postal_code = | registration_plate = | website = {{URL|up.gov.in}} | footnotes = }}'''शिवदासपुर''' [[भारत]] के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में [[बनारस]] के लगे एक ठो उपशहरी इलाका बाटे। मूल रूप से ई गाँव हवे जबकि जनगणना बिभाग एकरा के सेंसस टाउन के दर्जा दे के कस्बा माने ला। ई बनारस के रेड लाइट एरिया, मने रंडिन आ तवायफ लोग के मोहल्ला, के रूप में बसल हवे आ डीएलडब्लू मंडुआडीह के लगे बा। 1970 के पहिले बनारस के दालमंडी मोहल्ला में तवायफ आ रंडी लोग के मोहल्ला रहल। सत्तर के दशक में एह तवायफ आ रंडी (सेक्स वर्कर) लोग से मोहल्ला खाली करावल गइल, ई लोग बाहर जा के शिवदासपुर में बस गइल, तबसे ई जगह चर्चा में कई बेर रहल बा।<ref>{{cite news |title=वाराणसी के रेड लाइट एरिया को लेकर जंग छिड़ी, धरना दे रहे लोगों का नगरवधुओं ने किया विरोध - Navbharat Times |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/varansi/fight-over-red-light-area-in-varanasi-continues/articleshow/62865197.cms |accessdate=13 जून 2018 |work=Navbharat Times |date=10 फरवरी 2018}}</ref> {{Clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर सभ के लिस्ट]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:वाराणसी जिला]] {{UP-geo-stub}} 4vp9kv4s9x133884b7wnjmkwgkzjwvh 0 39424 813981 434416 2026-11-06T13:01:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शिकारपुर, मुजफ्फरनगर''' [[भारत]] के [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य में एक ठो कसबा बाटे। ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर सभ के लिस्ट]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{UP-geo-stub}} s9x8hjo3680vu0yzhj1ri4vqcxb9mup 0 39499 813923 773579 2026-11-06T12:56:52Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airline | airline=WestJet | logo= | IATA=WS | ICAO=WJA | callsign=WESTJET | parent= | founded=फरवरी 29, 1996 | headquarters=[[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Canada | key_people=[[Gregg Saretsky]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], <small>President</small>)<br> [[Clive Beddoe]], (Chairman of the [[Board of Directors]], <small>Co-Founder</small>) | hubs=<!-- Please review discussion page on hubs/focus cities before editing --> *[[Calgary International Airport]] *[[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] *[[Vancouver International Airport]] | focus_cities= *[[Edmonton International Airport]] *[[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] *[[London-Gatwick Airport]] |frequent_flyer =[http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/businessTravel/frequentGuestProgram/fgpProgramOverview.shtml WestJet Rewards] |lounge= |subsidiaries = [[WestJet Encore]] | alliance= | fleet_size= 119 <small>excl. [[WestJet Encore|Encore]]</small> | destinations= 91 <small>excl. [[WestJet Encore|Encore]]</small> |company_slogan = ''Owners Care''<ref>{{cite web |title=About WestJet |publisher=WestJet |date=2013-03-01 |url=http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/about/index.shtml |accessdate=2013-03-01 |archive-date=2016-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630074924/http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/about/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> | revenue = {{increase}} [[Canadian dollar|CAN$]]4.029&nbsp;billion (2015)<ref name="FY2015">{{cite web|title=Westjet 2014 Annual Report|url=http://www.westjet.com/pdf/investorMedia/financialReports/WestJet2014AR.pdf|publisher=Westjet|access-date=सितंबर 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="westjet.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/media-investors/financial-reports.shtml |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2016-12-29 |archive-date=2016-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707211839/http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/media-investors/financial-reports.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}} CAN$569&nbsp;million (2015)<ref name="westjet.com"/> | net_income = {{increase}} CAN$367&nbsp;million (2015) | assets = {{increase}} CAN$5.129&nbsp;billion (2015) | equity = {{increase}} CAN$1.958&nbsp;billion (2015) |num_employees = 14,211 (2015){{refn| Number of full-time equivalent employees.<ref name="FY2015" />}} |website= {{url|westjet.com}} }} '''वेस्टजेट एयरलाइन''' कनाडा क एगो कम-लागत वाली एयरलाइन ह जवन की ए देश की अन्य प्रमुख प्रतिद्वंदी एयरलाइन  की सस्ता विकल्प की तौर पर शुरू कइल गइल रहे। <ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian Low-Cost Carrier Departs From No-Frills Model |publisher=Wall Street Journal |date=2015-07-28 |url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/westjet-airlines-profit-climbs-19-1438083009 |accessdate=2015-11-17}}</ref> वेस्टजेट युनाइटेड स्टेट्स, युरोप, मेक्सिको, सेंट्रल अमेरिका और करेबिअन देश की 100 से भी ज्यादा गंतव्य स्थान खातिर नियमित और चार्टर्ड विमान सेवा प्रदान करेले। 1996 मे स्थापित इ एयरलाइन वर्तमान मे एयर कनाडा की बाद देश क दूसरा सबसे पुरान एयरलाइन ह <ref>{{Cite news | title = WestJet, Air France, KLM work toward code-share | newspaper = USA Today | date = 2009-02-05 | url = http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2009-02-05-westjet-codeshare_N.htm?csp=34 | accessdate = 2009-02-23 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> और प्रतिदिन 425 उड़ान की द्वारा 45000 से भी अधिक यात्री लोगन क सेवा करेले।<ref>{{cite web |title=WestJet passengers get bumpy start to long weekend |publisher=Peninsula News Review |year=2010 |url=http://www.bclocalnews.com/vancouver_island_south/peninsulanewsreview/news/122369349.html |accessdate=2011-05-21 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 2013 मे वेस्ट जेट की यात्री लोगन क संख्या 18.5 मिलियन रहे और इ ओ समय में यात्रिन की संख्या की अनुसार उत्तरी [[अमेरिका]] क नौवां सबसे बड़ एयरलाइन रहे। वेस्टजेट एगो 10,000 से भी अधिका कर्मचारी वाली सार्वजनिक कंपनी ह, तबो एमे कौनों कर्मचारी संघ नाहीं बा और इ एयरलाइन्स की कौनों गठबंधन क सदस्य भी नाही ह। इ बोईंग 737 अगिला पीढ़ी की तीनो प्रकार की विमान की अलावा कुछ लंबी दूरी वाला रस्तन पर बोईंग 767 क भी संचालन करेले। एकर सहायक एयरलाइन वेस्ट जेट एन्कोर बॉंबर्डियर क्यू 400 क भी परिचालन इहे करेले। एकर मुख्य कार्यालय कॅल्गरी इंटरनॅशनल एयरपोर्ट की बगल मे ही आइल बा। 2015 मे वेस्ट जेट एयरलाइन्स अपनी यात्री सेवा की द्वारा 4.029 बिलियन कनेडियन डॉलर क कमाई कइलस और एकर प्रति शेयर आमदनी 19% बढ़कर 2.92 कनेडियन डॉलर हो गइल।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/media-investors/financial-reports.shtml|title=WestJet's Financial reports|website=www.westjet.com|access-date=2016-05-04|archive-date=2016-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707211839/http://www.westjet.com/guest/en/media-investors/financial-reports.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> एही साल एके स्काइ ट्रॅक्स द्वारा दुनिया क आठवां और उत्तरी अमेरिका क दूसरा सबसे अच्छे कम लागत वाला विमान सेवा की रूप मे आँकल गइल।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_lowcost_airlines.html|title=The World's Best Low-Cost Airlines - 2016|work=worldairlineawards.com|accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref> ==वेस्टजेट एन्कोर== वेस्टजेट एन्कोर वेस्टजेट क सहायक क्षेत्रीय एयरलाइन ह जवन की 24 जून 2013 के बॉंबर्डियर क्यू 400 की फ्लीट और ट्विन-टर्बोप्रॉप विमानन की साथ आपन सेवा शुरू कइलस।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/11/07/westjets-new-regional-carrier-encore-aims-for-mid-june-takeoff |title=WestJet’s new regional carrier Encore aims for mid-June takeoff|first=Scott|last=Deveau|work=Financial Post|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=17 जनवरी 2013}}</ref> ==गंतव्य== वर्तमान मे वेस्टजेट और वेस्टजेट एन्कोर उत्तरी और मध्य अमेरिका, युरोप तथा करेबिअन की 20 से भी अधिक देश खातिर 100 से ज्यादा गंतव्य स्थान तक उड़ान भरेली स।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cleartrip.com/flight-booking/westjet-airlines.html |title=Westjet Airlines Fleet |publisher=cleartrip.com|accessdate=28 December 2016}}</ref> एमें कनाडा क 36 और युनाइटेड स्टेट्स क 21 शहर शामिल बा। वेस्ट जेट ओरलांडो और लास वेगास की खातिर सबसे अधिक सेवा प्रदान करे वाली कनेडियन एयरलाइन ह। इ ओरलांडो की खातिर कनाडा की विभिन्न शहरन से 11 और लास वेगास की खातिर 12 दैनिक उड़ान संचालित करेले। 2008 की बाद से वेस्ट जेट लास वेगास मे आये वाला यात्री लोगन की संख्या की अनुसार सबसे बड़ अंतरराष्ट्रीय एयरलाइन ह।<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Russell | first1 = Scott | title = Fiscal year 2009 (Starts July 2008) Enplaned and Deplaned International Passengers | publisher = Clark County Department of Aviation | date = 2009-05-28 | url = http://cms.mccarran.com/dsweb/Get/Document-256434/Total%20International%20Pax%202009.pdf | postscript = <!--None--> | access-date = 2016-12-29 | archive-date = 2011-07-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714055916/http://cms.mccarran.com/dsweb/Get/Document-256434/Total%20International%20Pax%202009.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last = Velotta | first = Richard | title = WestJet is McCarran's biggest growth story | newspaper = Las Vegas Sun | date = 2010-04-30 | url = http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2010/apr/30/westjet-mccarrans-biggest-growth-story/ | accessdate = 2010-07-01 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> वेस्टजेट करेबिअन देशन की 20 और मेक्सिको की 7 गंतव्य स्थान (जेमे से कुछ एक खास मौसम खातिर) की खातिर भी सेवा प्रदान करेले। जुलाई 2015, में वेस्ट जेट 2016 की वसंत ऋतु से लंदन  की गॅटविक एयरपोर्ट की खातिर आपन नया बोईंग 767 विमान की साथ सेवा आरंभ कइले क घोषणा कइलस।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://westjet2.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1000|title=WestJet announces service to London Gatwick|work=mediaroom.com}}</ref> ==विमान मे मिले वाली सुविधा== 2005 मे वेस्टजेट पहिला बार लाईव टीवी की नांव से अपने बोईंग 737-700 और 800 विमानन मे मनोरंजन सेवा क शुरुआत कइलस। ए मनोरंजन सेवा की खातिर बेल टीवी की सेटेलाइट नेटवर्क क उपयोग कइल जाला और ग्लोबल टीवी, सी टीवी, सी बी एस, सिटी टीवी, ट्री हाउस टीवी, एबीसी, एन बी सी, टी एस एन और एगो वेस्टजेट चैनल (जेमें क्षेत्रीय मानचित्र की अनुसार विमान क वर्तमान स्थान, जी पी एस से प्राप्त उँचाई और गति दर्शावल जाला) देखावल जाला।<ref>{{cite press release | title = WestJet Launches Complimentary Live In-Flight Television on all of its 737-700 Aircraft | publisher = Bell Canada Enterprises | date = 2005-05-18 | url = http://www.bce.ca/en/news/releases/be/2005/05/18/72380.html | accessdate = 2009-04-01 | archive-date = 2009-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091229123354/http://www.bce.ca/en/news/releases/be/2005/05/18/72380.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:हवाई जहाज]] [[श्रेणी:हवाई जहाज सेवा]] 1ot2qb9jywblrlix4hgguo5730d7rzx 0 39555 814434 682111 2026-11-07T07:48:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Selfoss July 2014.JPG|thumb|सेल्फोस झरना के 2014 में लिहल एक ठो तस्वीर]] '''सेल्फोस''' [[आइसलैंड]] देस के उत्तरी हिस्सा में जोकुल्या ऑ फ्यूलम (Jökulsá á Fjöllum) नदी पर मौजूद एक ठो झरना बाटे। ई नदी कई ठो झरना बनावत बहे ले आ 30 किलोमीटर लंबाई पूरा कइ के [[आर्कटिक सागर]] में मौजूद एक ठो खाड़ी में गिरे ले। नदी के पानी के स्रोत हिमानी से पघिल के निकले वाला पानी हवे। एही कारण नदी में बहाव के मात्रा आ झरना के आकार [[सीजन]] के अनुसार बदलत रहे ला। एह में मौसम आ [[ज्वालामुखी]] घटना के कारण भी बदलाव देखे के मिले ला। सेल्फोस झरना से नीचे के ओर कुछ दूर के बाद डेटिफोस नाँव के एक ठो अउरी झरना बाटे। ई यूरोप के सभसे ताकतवर झरना सभ में गिनल जाला। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:आइसलैंड]] [[श्रेणी:यूरोप के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:झरना]] [[श्रेणी:यूरोप के जलभंडार]] {{Europe-geo-stub}} jqzbv2nqee26hyn7rfzlxj1tpzacf06 0 40017 814194 805918 2026-11-06T15:57:15Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साउदी अरबियन एयरलाइंस'''  जवने के  साउदिया नाम से भी जानल जाला  जेद्दाह  में आइल बा और  इ सऊदी अरब  क ध्वजवाहिका वायुसेवा ह।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=31109806 |title=Saudi Arabian Airlines Ground Services Company: Private Company Information|work=Businessweek|accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref>  इ कंपनी आपन नाँव साउदी अरबियन एयरलाइंस (जवन की पहिले 1971 तक प्रयोग भइल और 1997 से पुनःप्रयोग कइल गइल) से आपन पुरान नाँव साउदिया  (जवन की 1972 से 1996 तक प्रयोग कइल गइल रहे) से 29 मई 2012 के बदल लिहलस। इ नाँव क बदलाव कंपनी द्वारा ओ दिन स्काई टीम एयर एलाइंस गठबंधन से जुड़ले की उपलक्ष्य में कइल गइल रहे साथे साथ इ कंपनी क एगो विस्तृत रीब्रांडिंग क एगो हिस्सा भी रहे।इ सेवा मध्यपूर्व, [[अफ़्रीका]], [[एशिया]], [[यूरोप]] एवं उत्तरी [[अमरीका]] क लगभग 120 से अधिक गंतव्य स्थान खातिर सेवा उपलब्ध करावेले। एकरी अलावा रमज़ान एवं  हज काल में इ अन्तर्देशीय एवं अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय चार्टर उड़ान भी संचालित करेले।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cleartrip.com/flight-booking/saudi-arabian-air-airlines.html|title=Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight Schedule|publisher=cleartrip.com|accessdate=8 फरवरी 2017|archive-date=2017-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818153222/https://www.cleartrip.com/flight-booking/saudi-arabian-air-airlines.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==इतिहास== [[File:Boeing 707-368C HZ-ACD Saudi LAP 18.05.69 edited-3.jpg|thumb|Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 707 at London Heathrow Airport in 1969]] [[File:Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747SP Maiwald.jpg|thumb|A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747SP lands at Stuttgart Airport, Germany. (1989)]] [[File:Saudia Boeing 737-200 Davey.jpg|thumb|A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 737-200 at Bahrain International Airport. (1995)]] 1945 में जब अमरीकी राष्ट्रपति रूजवेल्ट  किंग अब्दुल अजीज इब्न सऊद के डगलस डीसी-3 विमान तोहफा में दिह न तबसे ए देश में नागरिक उड्डयन सेवा की विकास क मार्ग खुल गइल। सितंबर 1945 में ए देश क ध्वज वाहक विमान सेवा साउदिया, पूरा तौर पर सरकार नियंत्रित संस्था की तौर प साउदी अरबियन एयरलाइंस की नाँव से शुरू भइल।<ref>{{cite web|title=Economy and Infrastructure|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Brochures/DFS_Economy_and_Infrastructure.pdf|publisher=Saudi Embassy|accessdate=5 September 2014}}</ref> शुरुआत से अंत ले, जेद्दाह-कंदरा हवाईअड्डा जवन की टाउन सेण्टर की नजदीक आइल बा ए विमानसेवा क मुख्य बेस रहल ह। ओ समय की ब्रिटीश आदेश की तहत, जेद्दाह हज खातिर जाए के पेलेस्टाइन की ल्याडा (अब इजरायल में लोड) खातिर एगो विशेष विमानसेवा ए विमान कंपनी की शुरुआती सेवा में से एगो रहे। ए विमान कंपनी क धीमा मगर लगातार वृद्धि 1950 ले जारी रहल और [[इस्तांबुल]], कराची, अम्मान, कुवैत सिटी, अस्मारा तथा पोर्ट सूडान खातिर सेवा शुरू हो गइल। 1950 में पाँचगो DC-4s आ दसगो कन्वेयर 340s जहाज शामिल होखले की साथ एकर जहाजी बेड़ा में बढ़त भइल। 1959 में, ए विमानसेवा क पहिला मेंटेनेंस सेण्टर जेद्दाह में खुलल। 1962 में, एके दुगो बोईंग 720 विमान क डिलीवरी मिलल जेसे इ जेट विमान उड़ावे वाली चौथा मध्य पूर्व एयरलाइन बनल। 19 फरवरी 1963 के, साउदी अरब की किंग फैजल द्वारा कागजात प हस्ताक्षर कइले की बाद इ विमान कंपनी एगो स्वतंत्र कंपनी क अस्तित्व पवलस। एकरी बाद इ कंपनी शारजाह, तेहरान, खारर्तूम, [[मुंबई]], ट्रिपोली, टुनिस, रबाट, जिनेवा, फ़्रंकफ़र्ट और [[लंदन]] खातिर सेवा शुरू कइलस। 1970 में एकर नया वेशभूषा क शुरुआत भइल। ए कंपनी क नाम 1 अप्रैल 1972 के साउदिया रखल गइल। इ एयरलाइन आपन पहिला बोईंग 747 क संचालन 1977 में शुरू कइलस जब इ मिडिल ईस्ट एयरलाइन से तीन गो जम्बो जेट लीज पर लिहलस और ओके लंदन की रास्ता पर तैनात कइलस। 1980 में विमान सेवा की आलावा साउदिया कैटरिंग सेवा क शुरुआत भइल। 8 ऑक्टोबर 2000 के, सऊदी रक्षा और विमान मंत्री प्रिंस सुल्तान बिन अब्दुलाज़िज़ अल सूद, साउदी अरबियन एयरलाइंस क निजीकरण से संबंधित अध्ययन खातिर करार पर हस्ताक्षर कई न। एकरी तैयारी खातिर, ए कंपनी क कम महत्वपूर्ण इकाई जेमें शामिल रहे - साउदिया कैटरिंग, ग्राउंड हैंडलिंग सेवा और रख रखाव साथ में जेद्दाह क प्रिंस सुल्तान फ्लाइट एकेडमी – के पुनर्गठन की तहत व्यवासिक इकाई और लाभ की केंद्र में बदलले क तय कइल गइल। ==संदर्भ== <references/> ==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== {{commonscat-inline|Saudi Arabian Airlines}} *[http://www.saudiairlines.com/ Official website] *[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_02/textonly/a01txt.html Saudi Arabian Airlines: The Jewel of the Middle East], ''Boeing'' [[श्रेणी:हवाई जहाज सेवा]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय हवाई जहाज सेवा]] ii7w5k56nd8330uac74m0n4k0lw50h7 10 40088 814263 577221 2026-11-06T17:34:40Z SM7 3953 सफाई कइल गइल, सुधार कइल गइल 814263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar |name = भारतीय सिनेमा |navbar = none |contentstyle = text-align:left; |titleclass = navbox-title |headingclass = navbox-abovebelow |heading1 = [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] |content1 = <div> * [[असमिया सिनेमा|असमिया]] * [[बंगाली सिनेमा (टॉलीवुड)|बंगाली (टॉलीवुड)]] * [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा (बॉलीवुड)]] * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा|भोजपुरी]] * [[मराठी सिनेमा|मराठी]] * '''[[साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]]''' ** [[कन्नड़ सिनेमा|कन्नड़]] ** [[तमिल सिनेमा|तमिल]] ** [[तेलुगु सिनेमा|तेलुगु]] ** [[मलयालम सिनेमा|मलयालम]] * ''[[बिहार के सिनेमा|बिहार के सिनेमा]]'' </div> }}<noinclude> [[श्रेणी:फिलिम देस नेविगेशन बक्सा|दक्खिन एशिया]] </noinclude> qv7elunpzu7igu2sd7iaagtsa7zd32m 814268 814263 2026-11-06T17:49:02Z SM7 3953 फोटो जोड़ल गइल 814268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar |name = भारतीय सिनेमा |image = [[चित्र:India film clapperboard (variant).svg|220px]] |navbar = none |contentstyle = text-align:left; |titleclass = navbox-title |headingclass = navbox-abovebelow |heading1 = [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] |content1 = <div> * [[असमिया सिनेमा|असमिया]] * [[बंगाली सिनेमा (टॉलीवुड)|बंगाली (टॉलीवुड)]] * [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा (बॉलीवुड)]] * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा|भोजपुरी]] * [[मराठी सिनेमा|मराठी]] * '''[[साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]]''' ** [[कन्नड़ सिनेमा|कन्नड़]] ** [[तमिल सिनेमा|तमिल]] ** [[तेलुगु सिनेमा|तेलुगु]] ** [[मलयालम सिनेमा|मलयालम]] * ''[[बिहार के सिनेमा|बिहार के सिनेमा]]'' </div> }}<noinclude> [[श्रेणी:फिलिम देस नेविगेशन बक्सा|दक्खिन एशिया]] </noinclude> kso67jdn25khcchnmzvxzccizj516lw 814273 814268 2026-11-06T18:11:51Z SM7 3953 +1 814273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar |name = भारतीय सिनेमा |image = [[चित्र:India film clapperboard (variant).svg|220px]] |navbar = none |contentstyle = text-align:left; |titleclass = navbox-title |headingclass = navbox-abovebelow |heading1 = [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] |content1 = <div> * [[असमिया सिनेमा|असमिया]] * [[बंगाली सिनेमा (टॉलीवुड)|बंगाली (टॉलीवुड)]] * [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा (बॉलीवुड)]] * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा|भोजपुरी]] * [[मराठी सिनेमा|मराठी]] * '''[[साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]]''' ** [[कन्नड़ सिनेमा|कन्नड़]] ** [[तमिल सिनेमा|तमिल]] ** [[तेलुगु सिनेमा|तेलुगु]] ** [[मलयालम सिनेमा|मलयालम]] * ''[[बिहार के सिनेमा|बिहार के सिनेमा]]'' * ''[[पैन-इंडिया सिनेमा]]'' </div> }}<noinclude> [[श्रेणी:फिलिम देस नेविगेशन बक्सा|दक्खिन एशिया]] </noinclude> spfaeh6caaqs5byb9kn9v0m70jnctve 0 40408 814062 781209 2026-11-06T13:42:55Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = संबलपुर | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[शहर]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 269575 | latd = | longd = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = उड़ीसा | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''संबलपुर''' ({{Lang|en|Sambalpur}}) भारत के [[उड़ीसा]] राज्य में एक ठो शहर बा। ==जनसांख्यिकी== साल 2011 के जनगणना<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=City Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php|website=census2011.co.in|accessdate=22 नवंबर 2016}}</ref> अनुसार संबलपुर के कुल शहरी जनसंख्या 184000 बाटे आ आसपास के उपशहरी इलाका के मिला लिहल जाय तब कुल जनसंख्या 269575 बा। जनसंख्या के हिसाब से ई भारत के 250वाँ शहर बाटे। जनगणना आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एह शहर में [[लिंगानुपात]] 943 आ [[साक्षरता दर|साक्षरता के दर]] 85.53% बाटे।<ref name="census2011" /> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारत के शहर]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उड़ीसा के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} 0wvd413y11f8r02jr6gb3h5nivu0408 0 40600 814033 804983 2026-11-06T13:05:19Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Airline |airline = SriLankan Airlines<br>{{lang|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ගුවන් සේවය}}<br>{{lang|ta|இலங்கை விமான சேவை}} |logo = |IATA = UL |ICAO = ALK |callsign = SRILANKAN |founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1947}} (as Air Ceylon) |commenced = {{Start date|df=yes|1979|09|01}} |hubs = {{nowrap|Bandaranaike International Airport}} |frequent_flyer = FlySmiLes |alliance = Oneworld |fleet_size = 20<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.planespotters.net/airline/SriLankan-Airlines|title=SriLankan Airlines Fleet Details and History|publisher=|access-date=2017-03-02|archive-date=2007-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216034132/http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/SriLankan-Airlines|url-status=dead}}</ref> |destinations = 42<ref>{{cite web|title=SriLankan Airlines Flight Routes|url=http://www.srilankan.com/en_uk/plan-and-book/flight-routes-revamp}}</ref> |company_slogan = ''You're Our World'' |subsidiaries = {{plainlist| *Sri Lankan Catering<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srilankancatering.com/|title=Home - SriLankan Catering|publisher=}}</ref> *Sri Lankan Holidays<ref>{{cite web|url=http://srilankanholidays.com/|title=SriLankan Holidays - SriLankan Airlines|publisher=|access-date=2017-03-02|archive-date=2003-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003073023/http://www.srilankanholidays.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Sri Lankan Engineering (MRO)<ref>http://www.srilankan.com/mro/</ref> *Sri Lankan Ground Service<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.srilankan.com/ground-handling/welcome.htm|title=Corporate Profile - SriLankan Airlines - Ground Handling|publisher=}}</ref> *Sri Lankan Aviation College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srilankanaviationcollege.com/|title=COURSE FINDER|publisher=}}</ref> *Sri Lankan Cares<ref>http://www.srilankan.com/corporate/en-US/Airline/about-srilankan-cares</ref> }} |headquarters = Level 3,<br>East Tower,<br>World Trade Centre,<br>Echelon Square,<br>Colombo 01,<br>Sri Lanka<ref>http://www.srilankan.com/en_uk/flying-with-us/contact-us</ref> |website = {{url|http://www.srilankan.com}} (Sinhalese, Tamil, English)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.news.lk/news/world/item/14664-srilankan-airlines-launches-websites-in-sinhala-and-tamil |title=SriLankan Airlines launches websites in Sinhala and Tamil |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-date=2016-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121063156/http://www.news.lk/news/world/item/14664-srilankan-airlines-launches-websites-in-sinhala-and-tamil |url-status=dead }}</ref> |key_people = Ajith N. Dias (Chairman) <br> Captain Suren Ratwatte (CEO) |}} '''श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस''' लिमिटेड  (पूर्व नांव एयर लंका) श्रीलंका क ध्वजवाहिका वायुसेवा ह। इ कंपनी आपन भण्डारनायके अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय विमानक्षेत्र, कोलंबो, श्रीलंका स्थित आधार एवं हब से ;;एशिया एवं यूरोप की गंतव्य स्थान खातिर वायुसेवा उपलब्ध करावेले। ए वायुसेवा का मुख्यालय भण्डारनायके अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय विमानक्षेत्र की परिसर में कोलंबो, [[श्रीलंका]] में स्थित बा। इ वायुसेवा 1978 में एयर लंका की रूप में, मूल श्रीलंकाई ध्वज वाहक एयर सीलोन की पतन की बाद स्थापित कइल गइल रहे। ==इतिहास== एयर लंका क शुरूआती जहाज सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस से पट्टा पर लिहल दुगो बोइंग 707 विमान रह न स। 15 अप्रैल 1982 के एयर लंका आल निप्पॉन एयरवेज से एल-1011 के खरीद लिहलस। फेर एगो और एल-1011 एयर कनाडा से लिहल गइल और एगो अन्य एल-1011 आल निप्पॉन से खरीदल गइल। ==रीब्रांडिंग== एयर लंका, जवन की सरकार की मलिकी में रहे, ओकर आंशिक रूप से, 1998 में दुबई स्थित अमीरात समूह की द्वारा निवेश की साथ निजीकरण करा गइल। ए समझौता की तहत दस साल की अवधि खातिर सब विमानन क ग्राउंड हैंडलिंग और कोलंबो-भंडारनायके हवाई अड्डा प एयरलाइन खानपान क संचालन क विशेष अधिकार शामिल कइल गइल। अमीरात एयर लंका में $ 70 मिलियन में 40% हिस्सेदारी खरीद लिहलस (जवन की बाद में बढ़ के 43.6% हो गइल), एकरी बाद ए एयरलाइन क छवि और बेड़ा फिर चमकवले क मांग कइलस। सरकार ए विमानन कंपनी में बहुमत हिस्सेदारी के बरकरार रखलस, लेकिन निवेश और प्रबंधन की निर्णय खातिर अमीरात के पूर्ण नियंत्रण दिहलस। 1998 में, एयर लंका क श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस की तौर पर रीब्रांडिंग भइल।<ref>"World Airline Directory." ''Flight International''. 14–20 मार्च 1990 [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%200709.html?search="Airlift International" 57].</ref> ==गंतव्य स्थल== जनवरी 2016 ले श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस 20 देश में 42 गंतव्य स्थल खातिर 258 साप्ताहिक उडान क संचालन करत रहली ह।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title = Flight Schedules - SriLankan Airlines flights to London, Colombo, Male, Bangkok, etc.|url = http://www.srilankan.com/en_uk/plan-and-book/flight-routes|work=Srilankan|access-date=11 जनवरी 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = Our Airline|url = http://www.srilankan.com/corporate/en-US/Airline/profile|work=Srilankan|access-date=11 जनवरी 2016}}</ref> SriLankan Airlines joined the Oneworld airline alliance on 1 मई 2014.<ref name=":1" /> श्रीलंकन एयरलाइन मालदीव और कोलंबो के बीच 30 से अधिक साप्ताहिक उड़ान की साथ, मालदीव में सबसे बड़ा विदेशी वाहक ह।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maldives tourism minister meets Srilankan Airlines chairman at WTM|url=http://www.eturbonews.com/65582/maldives-tourism-minister-meets-srilankan-airlines-chairman-wtm|work=eturbo News|access-date=1 जनवरी 2016}}</ref> ==कोड्शेयर समझौता== श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस (दिसंबर 2013 से) निम्नलिखित एयरलाइन कंपनीयन की साथ कोड्शेयर करार लागू कइले बा:<ref name="CAPA SriLankan profile">{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/srilankan-airlines-ul |title=Profile on SriLankan Airlines |website=CAPA|publisher=Centre for Aviation|access-date=2016-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029193825/http://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/srilankan-airlines-ul |archive-date=2016-10-29|dead-url=no}}</ref> * एयर बर्लिन (वनवर्ल्ड) * एयर कनाडा (स्टार एलायंस) * अलितालिया (स्काई टीम) * अमेरिकन एयरलाइंस (वनवर्ल्ड) * एसियाना एयरलाइंस (स्टार एलायंस) * दालचीनी एयर * अमीरात * इतिहाद एयरवेज * फिनएयर (वनवर्ल्ड) * जापान एयरलाइंस (वनवर्ल्ड) * जेटस्टार एशिया एयरवेज * मलेशिया एयरलाइंस (वनवर्ल्ड) * निकी * ओमान एयर * क्वांटास (वनवर्ल्ड) * कतर एयरवेज (वनवर्ल्ड) * सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस (स्टार एलायंस) * वनवर्ल्ड 1 मई 2014 के श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस वनवर्ल्ड गठबंधन में शामिल होखले की साथ  भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में पहिला एयरलाइन बनल जवन ए गठबंधन क पूर्ण सदस्य बनल बा। ==बेड़ा== श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस एयरबस A320 एयरबस A321, एयरबस A319 और एयरबस A330 क विमानी बेड़ा से संचालन करेला। ए एयरलाइन खातिर एयरबस A320 नियो और एयरबस विमान A321 नियो भी जरूरत की समय उपलब्ध रहेला।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Srilankan Airlines Flight Schedule |url=https://www.cleartrip.com/flight-booking/srilankan-airlines.html|publisher=cleartrip.com |access-date=2 मार्च 2017}}</ref> ==घटना और दुर्घटना== ===1980 की दशक में=== 3 मई 1986 के तमिल ईलम लिबरेशन टाइगर्स द्वारा लगावल एगो बम से भंडारनायके अंतरराष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डा प टेकऑफ की पहिले ही बोर्ड फ्लाइट UL512 में विस्फोट हो गइल। एकरी चलते कुल 128 यात्रीन में से 14 यात्री लोगन क मौत हो गइल। ===2000 के दशक में=== 24 जुलाई 2001 के, तमिल टाइगर आतंकवादी कोलंबो- भंडारनायके अंतरराष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डे प एगो प्रमुख आत्मघाती हमला कईन स जेकरी चलते 14 आतंकी सहित 19 लोगन क मौत भइल।<ref>{{cite web| year = 2001| url = http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml| title = Intelligence failures exposed by Tamil Tiger airport attack| publisher = Jane's Intelligence Review| accessdate = 9 अप्रैल 2008| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070303021604/http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml| archivedate = 2007-03-03| url-status = bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=6660 |title=SriLankan Airlines (Aviation Safety Network) |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date=4 मार्च 2012 |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-date=2014-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112143852/http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=6660 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  ==संदर्भ== <references/> ==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== * {{Official website|http://www.srilankan.com}} [[श्रेणी:हवाई जहाज सेवा]] 02zjr5u2d7nl2joyt85tvsc1eog3vm5 0 40892 813908 546239 2026-11-06T12:55:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = वूडी एलेन | native_name = Woody Allen | image = Woody Allen Cannes 2016.jpg | alt = | caption = एलेन 2016 के [[कान फिलिम फेस्टिवल]] में | birth_name = एलन स्टीवर्ट कोनिंग्सबर्ग | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1935|12|1}} | birth_place = [[ब्रुकलिन]], [[न्यू यॉर्क (राज्य)|न्यूयार्क]], यूएस | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = हेवुड एलेन | occupation = [[एक्टर]], लेखक, फिलिम निर्माता, कमेडियन, नाटककार, संगीतकार | years_active = 1950–अबतक ले | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|Harlene Susan Rosen|1956|1962|reason=div.}} * {{marriage|Louise Lasser|1966|1970|reason=div.}} * {{marriage|Soon-Yi Previn|1997|}} }} | partner = {{Plainlist| * Diane Keaton (1970–1971) * Mia Farrow (1980–1992) }} | children = {{Plainlist| * Moses Farrow {{small|(son)}} * Dylan Farrow {{small|(daughter)}} * Ronan Farrow {{small|(son)}} * Bechet Dumaine Allen {{small|(daughter)}} * Manzie Tio Allen {{small|(daughter)}} }} | parents = | relatives = Letty Aronson {{small|(sister)}} | awards = | module = {{Infobox comedian|embed=yes | medium = Stand-up, film, television, theatre, books | genre = Observational comedy, satire, black comedy, self-deprecation, deadpan | subject = | signature = Woody Allen signature.svg | website = {{URL|woodyallen.com}} }} }} '''वूडी एलेन''' एक ठो हॉलीवुड फिलिम निर्माता, एक्टर आ डाइरेक्टर बाड़ें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1935 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] {{bio-stub}} si7idzn9fn4jibehntc939z8dqsxw06 0 41047 813919 781252 2026-11-06T12:56:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox magazine |title = वेरायटी |logo = |logo_size = 225px |publisher = Michelle Sobrino |editor = Claudia Eller and Andrew Wallenstein |editor_title = Co-Editors-in-Chief |frequency = हप्तावार |category = [[ट्रेड जर्नल|ट्रेड]], [[मनोरंजन]] |company = Penske Media Corporation |circulation = |firstdate = हप्तावार:<br/>{{start date and age|1905|12|16}} (न्यू यॉर्क सिटी)<br/>Dailies:<br/>1933 (लॉस एंजेलिस)<br/>1998 (न्यू यॉर्क) |country = [[यूनाइटेड स्टेट्स]] |based = [[लॉस एंजेलिस]], [[कैलिफोर्निया]], [[अमेरिका]] |language = अंग्रेजी |website = {{url|https://variety.com}} |issn = 0042-2738 |oclc = 810134503 }} '''''वेरायटी''''', ''({{Lang|en|Variety}})'' एक ठो अंग्रेजी भाषा के अमेरिकी हप्तावार छपे वाली पत्रिका बाटे। [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] शहर से छपे वाली एह पत्रिका के मुख्य बिसय फिलिम आ मनोरंजन जगत के चीज होला। ई पत्रिका 16 दिसंबर 1905 से छप रहल बा।<ref>"Inside Variety" published in 2000 (Ars Millenii, Madrid) by Peter Besas</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/features/today_in_nyc_history/3259/december-16th-in-nyc-history|title=December 16th In NYC History|work=NY1|date=16 दिसंबर 2011|access-date=2017-03-22|archive-date=2013-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117083122/http://www.ny1.com/content/features/today_in_nyc_history/3259/december-16th-in-nyc-history|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी भाषा के पत्रिका]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी भाषा के अमेरिकी पत्रिका]] {{mag-stub}} 0fp8yq042suph8rdw1eaz6k6f5270ab 14 41250 814254 442269 2026-11-06T16:33:59Z SM7 3953 814254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat main}}{{cc}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के क्षेत्र]] 846tko03uwax5pohsuk0z2yotlq25hi 0 41400 814005 783405 2026-11-06T13:02:59Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Catmore|बोस्निया आ हर्जेगोविना}} [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|thumb|100px]] '''छोटी झाड़ी''' (Šiprage - Шипраге) में [[बोस्निया आ हर्जेगोविना]] एक गांव है।<ref>http://www.kartabih.com/</ref><ref>Vojnogeografski institut, Ed. (1962): Šiprage (List karte 1:25.000, Izohipse na 10 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd / Military Geographical Institute, Ed. (1962): Šiprage (map sheet 1: 25.000, Contour lines at 10 m). Military Geographical Institute, Belgrade.</ref> ==जलवायु== {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="toccolours" 0.5em solid #999; 100% |- style="text-align:center;" |style="background:pink|[[File:Lunar libration with phase2.gif|thumb|150px]] |style="background:#dfd; "|'''Ø t°'''<br/> (°C) | style="background:pink|'''Min. t°''' <br>(°C) | style="background:#dfd; "|'''Max. t°'''<br>(°C) | style="background:pink| '''↓↓↓''' <br/>(mm) |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightblue| '''I''' | –1,7 | –4,8 |1,4 |59 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightblue|'''II''' |0,3 | –3,6 |4,2 |63 |-style="text-align:center;" |'''style="background: bgcolor="#F5DEB3" |'''III''' |4,6 | –0,1 |9,3 |59 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:#ddffdd;fff3;''|'''IV''' |9,1 |3,9 |14,3 |74 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightgreen|'''V''' |13,6 |8,1 |19,2 |90 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightgreen|'''VI''' |17,2 |11,5 |22,9 |99 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:pink|'''VII''' |18,9 |12,6 |25,3 |81 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:red|'''VIII''' |18,4 |11,9 |24,9 |76 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:#dfd;"|'''IX''' |14,7 |8,6 |20,9 |71 |-style="text-align:center;" |'''style="background: bgcolor="#F5DEB3" |'''X''' |9,5 |4,7 |14,4 |79 |-style="text-align:center;" |'''style="background: bgcolor="#C2B280" |'''XI''' |4,4 |1,0 |7,8 |100 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightblue|'''XII''' |0,1 |–2,7 |3,0 |88 |}<ref>https://en.climate-data.org/location/905786/</ref> [[File:Location Bosnia-Herzegovina Europe.png|thumb|250px]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी लिंक == {{Commons|Šiprage}} * http://opstinakotorvaros.com/ *http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia *http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ *http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx *http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia *http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ *http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx *http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/-{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Distances in B&H [[श्रेणी:बोस्निया आ हर्जेगोविना]] q4gc3pj330run4no23lpx5fdif3zc0x 0 41518 814073 805736 2026-11-06T13:44:48Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Geobox |नदी |name = सई |country = भारत |state = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Bela Bhawani temple.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[प्रतापगढ़ जिला|प्रतापगढ़]] में बेल्हा भवानी मंदिर के लगे सई नदी |length = 600 |source_country = भारत |mouth_location = [[गोमती नदी]], [[जौनपुर जिला]] |mouth_country = भारत }} '''सई नदी''' भारतीय राज्य [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] में बहे वाली, लगभग 600 किलोमीटर लमहर, नदी बा जे [[लखीमपुर खीरी जिला]] के पसगवां ब्लॉक के राघवपुर (अल्लीपुर) के एगो ताल से निकल के [[जौनपुर जिला]] में [[गोमती नदी]] में मिल जाले।<ref>शुभम गुप्ता . [https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2015/january/38_Study.pdf Study of Water Quality Status of Sai River in Uttar-Pradesh With Reference to Water Quality Index Assessment]. ''International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology''. भाग 4, अंक 1. जनवरी 2015</ref> अपना लमहर रस्ता में सई नदी उत्तर प्रदेश के कई गो जिला सभ से गुजरे ले जइसे कि हरदोई,उन्नाव आ लखनऊ जिला के बीचा के सीमा बनावे ले, आ रायबरेली, प्रतापगढ़ आ जौनपुर से हो के बहे ले। एकर मुख्य सहायक नदी सभ में भैंसही, बकुलाही, सरकनी आ लोनी बाड़ी सऽ। सई नदी के पौराणिक महत्व भी बा, मान्यता अनुसार [[रावण]] से जुद्ध के गलती सभ खातिर [[राम]] अजोध्या लावटत समय एही सई नदी में नहा के अपना के पबित्र कइलेन; जबकि वर्तमान में एह नदी के ऊपर संकट आ गइल बा आ ई गंदा नाला बने के कगार पर बा।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/unnao-11377170.html |title=राम को पवित्र करने वाली सई नदी के अस्तित्व पर खतरा |publisher=Jagran.com |date=2014-06-07 |accessdate=2017-05-03 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222081143/https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/unnao-11377170.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:जौनपुर जिला]] [[श्रेणी:प्रतापगढ़ जिला]] {{UP-geo-stub}} {{river-stub}} dzlheiwcpz6r7i2jjq9y4pocl5s6p5g 0 41551 814442 803283 2026-11-07T07:49:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सैदपुर | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = शहर | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|25.55|N|83.18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[गाजीपुर जिला|गाजीपुर]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_party = [[समाजवादी पार्टी]] | leader_title = विधायक जी | leader_name = [[अंकित भारती]] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 70 | population_total = 21559 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | demographics1_title2 = लोकल | demographics1_info2 = [[भोजपुरी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 233304 | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = }} '''सैदपुर''' भारतीय राज्य उत्तर प्रदेश के [[गाजीपुर जिला]] में एक ठो नगर पंचायत आ कसबा बाटे। सैदपुर के पिनकोड 233304 बा। इहँवा से सभसे नजदीकी रेलवे टीशन औंड़िहार बाटे। ==भूगोल== सैदपुर के भूगोलीय लोकेशन {{Coord|25.55|N|83.18|E|}} बा।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Saidpur.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Saidpur |access-date=2017-05-05 |archive-date=2017-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929002540/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Saidpur.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> समुंद्र तल से 70&nbsp;मीटर (229&nbsp;फीट) के औसत ऊँचाई पर बसल बा। बनारस-गाजीपुर हाइवे पर बसल ई शहर, गाजीपुर जिला के एक ठो प्रमुख बजार आ कस्बा हवे। ==जनसंख्या== {{As of|2001}} भारत के जनगणना के आँकड़ा अनुसार<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> सैदपुर के कुल जनसंख्या 47,064 रहा जेह में 53% मरदाना आ 47% जानना जनसंख्या रहल। सैदपुर के औसत साक्षरता दर 59% रहल, राष्ट्रीय औसत 59.5% से कम। मरदाना लोग के साक्षरता दर 68% आ औरतन के साक्षरता दर 49% रहल। सैदपुर में, कुल जनसंख्या के 17% जनसंख्या 6 बरिस से कम उमिर के रहल। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{Ghazipur district}} [[श्रेणी:गाजीपुर जिला के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{UP-geo-stub}} jmxotwuiuqfe0mh2r93zf3fxss4c8gd 0 46173 813765 804260 2026-11-06T12:09:25Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alfred Palmer Smokestacks.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=दू ठो लंबा चिमनी से निकल रहल सफ़ेद धुआँ|[[कोक (जलावन)|कोकिंग भट्ठी]] से निकले वाला [[धुआँ]] से होखे वाला हवा परदूषण]] '''हवा परदूषण''' भा '''वायु प्रदूषण''' ({{Langx|en|air pollution}}) [[वायुमंडल|धरती के वायुमंडल]] में मौजूद हवा में नोकसानदेह चीजन के प्रवेश होखे वाला [[प्रदूषण|परदूषण]] हवे। हवा में पहुँचे वाला ई [[पार्टिकुलेट मैटर|महीन कण]] सभ आ [[जीवकण|जीवीय कण]] सभ बेमारी, एलर्जी पैदा क सके लें आ मौत के कारण बन सकेलें जबकि [[प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण]] के बाकी जिंदा जिया-जंतु आ बनस्पति के सेहत पर भी खराब असर डाल सके लें, आ [[बनावटी पर्यावरण|मनुष्य निर्मित पर्यावरण]] के तत्व सभ के भी नोकसान पहुँचा सके लें। हवा प्रदूषण के वजह मनुष्य के काम भी हो सके ला, जइसे कि चिमनी से निकले वाला [[धुँआ]]; आ ई प्राकृतिक घटना सभ के कारण भी हो सके ला, उदाहरण खातिर [[ज्वालामुखी]] से निकले वाली नोकसानदेह गैस से भी हो सके ला। साल 2008 के एक ठो रपट में, घरभितरिया हवा परदूषण आ खराब शहरी हवा गुणवत्ता, दुनों के सभसे खराब किसिम के जहरीला परदूषण के रूप में निशानदेही कइल गइल बा।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worstpolluted.org/ |title=Reports |publisher=WorstPolluted.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-29| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100811155338/http://www.worstpolluted.org/| archivedate= 11 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref> 2014 में आइल बिस्व स्वास्थ संगठन के रपट में बतावल गइल बा कि साल 2012 में पूरा दुनिया भर में 70 लाख लॉग के मौत भइल,<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web | url =http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/| title =7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution |publisher =WHO|date=25 मार्च 2014| accessdate =25 मार्च 2014}}</ref> एह अनुमान से मिलत जुलत आँकड़ा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा एजेंसी के भी रहल।<ref>http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport2016EnergyandAirPollution.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Study Links 6.5 Million Deaths Each Year to Air Pollution |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/27/business/energy-environment/study-links-6-5-million-deaths-each-year-to-air-pollution.html |date=26 जून 2016 |work=New York Times |accessdate=27 जून 2016 }}</ref> अलग-अलग देसन में हवा के क्वालिटी बतावे वाला [[हवा क्वालिटी इंडेक्स|हवा क्वालिटी इंडेक्स (एक्यूआई)]] बनावल गइल बाड़ें जिनहन के जरिये लोगन के हवा के क्वालिटी नीक बा की खराब बा ई सूचना दिहल जाला। == प्रदूषणकारी == * [[कार्बन डाईऑक्साइड]] ({{CO2}}) * सल्फर ऑक्साइड (SO_x) * नाइट्रोजन ऑक्साइड (NO_x) * [[कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड]] (CO) – CO रंगहीन, गंधहीन बिसैली बाकी कौनों संबेदना ना पैदा करे वाली।<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/carbon-monoxide-poisoning/|title=Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - NHS}}</ref> इंजन में पेट्रोलियम पदार्थ के दहन (कंबशन) से निकले ले।<ref>"Vehicles, Air Pollution, and Human Health." Union of Concerned Scientists, www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/vehicles-air-pollution-and-human-health</ref> * [[वोलाटाइल ऑर्गेनिक कंपाउंड]] (VOC) * [[पार्टिकुलेट मैटर]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsroom.heart.org/index.php?s=43&item=1029 |title=Evidence growing of air pollution's link to heart disease, death |accessdate=2010-05-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603014952/http://www.newsroom.heart.org/index.php?s=43&item=1029 |archivedate=2010-06-03 |df= }} // American Heart Association. May 10, 2010</ref><ref>J.R. Balmes, J.M. Fine, D. Sheppard Symptomatic bronchoconstriction after short-term inhalation of sulphur dioxide Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 136 (1987), p. 1117</ref> * [[परसिस्टेंट फ्री रेडिकल्स]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.physorg.com/pdf138201201.pdf |title=Newly detected air pollutant mimics damaging effects of cigarette smoke |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/07/090722123751.htm |title=Infant Inhalation Of Ultra-fine Air Pollution Linked To Adult Lung Disease |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=2009-07-23 |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> * सीसा, पारा, कैडमियम वगैरह बिसैली धातु सभ। * [[क्लोरोफ्ल्यूरोकार्बन]] (CFCs) – ओजोन के नोकसान, सीधे संपर्क में आवे पर इनहन में से कई गो आदमी दे सेहत खाती नोक्सान्देह। * [[अमोनिया]] (NH₃) – कई खेती के क्रिया सभ में निकले ला; उद्योग से निकले ला।<ref>{{cite web|title=The Effect of Changing Background Emissions on External Cost Estimates for Secondary Particulates|publisher= Open environmental sciences|year=2008|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luc_Int_Panis/publication/250144316_The_Effect_of_Changing_Background_Emissions_on_External_Cost_Estimates_for_Secondary_Particulates/file/3deec51efe5018cd80.pdf?origin=publication_detail}}</ref> * गंध&nbsp;— कूड़ा-कबाड़, सीवर, उद्योग के कचरा वगैरह से निकले वाली बदबू। * रेडियोएक्टिव प्रदूषणकारी – प्राकृतिक रेडियोएक्टिव क्षय से, मनुष्य द्वारा परमाणु बिस्फोट से। * [[ग्राउंड-लेवल ओजोन|ग्राउंड लेवल पर ओजोन]] (O₃) * पेरोक्सीसेटाइल नाइट्रेट (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) (C₂H₃NO₅) – similarly formed from NO_x and VOCs. == स्रोत == ===प्राकृतिक === [[File:Dust Storm Texas 1935.jpg|thumb|220px|right|alt=धूर के तूफ़ान|अमेरिका के टैक्सास में धूर के आन्ही तुफान]] * [[धूर]] (dust) – कई अइसन इलाका से जहाँ बनस्पति के अभाव बाटे। * [[ज्वालामुखी]] क्रिया से निकले वाली धूर आ बिबिध किसिम के गैस सभ। जइसे कि सल्फरडाइऑक्साइड वगैरह। * मवेशी सभ के पाचन क्रिया में निकले वाली [[मीथेन]] गैस। * पानी लगा के खेती, जइसे कि धान से, निकले वाली मीथेन। * कई जगह जमीन से अपने आप निकले वाली [[रेडान|रैडान गैस]]। === मानवी स्रोत === [[File:BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg|thumb|220px|right|alt=खेत जरावल |दक्खिनी जार्जिया में एगो खेत में डाठ जरावल जा रहल बा]] * स्थाई, फैक्टरी आ पावर प्लांट से निकले वाला धुआँ आ गैस। * मोबाइल रूप में, सड़क परिवहन से निकले वाला धुआँ * हवाई जहाज सभ से निकले वाली गैस जिनहन से ऊपरी वायुमंडल में अवांछित बदलाव हो रहल बा। * खेती के खड़ा डांठ जरावे से निकले वाला धुआँ। == घरभीतरिया हवा क्वालिटी == अगर घर के भीतर हवा के आवाजाही, मने कि वेंटीलेशन, बढ़ियाँ न होखे, घर के भीतरी हवा में प्रदूषक तत्व सभ एकट्ठा हो सके लें। ई खतरनाक हो सके ला काहें कि लोग आपना जादेतर समय घरे के भितरें बितावे लें। [[रैडान]] (Rn) गैस, एगो कैंसरकारी गैस, कई जगह धरती से निकले ले आ घर के भीतर इकट्ठा हो सके ले। घर में कारपेट आ प्लाई से फॉर्मलडीहाइड (H₂CO) गैस निकले ले। पेंट आ अउरी अइसन रंग-रोगन के चीज सभ से सूखे पर वोलाटाइल ऑर्गेनिक कंपाउंड (VOCs) रिलीज होखे लें। [[सीसा]] आधारित पेंट से, सूखे पर अइसन महीन धूर (डस्ट) निकले ले जे साँस के साथे शरीर में परवेश क सके ले। इनहन के अलावा एयर फ्रेशनर, सुगंधित करे वाला पदार्थ, धूप-अगरबत्ती वगैरह से भी, लोग खुद के द्वारा घर के भीतरी हवा में प्रदूषण क सके ला। लकड़ी जरावे आ गर्मी पैदा करे खातिर भी इस्तेमाल होखे वाला दहन सभ से घर के भीतर प्रदूषण हो सके ला।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sapiens.revues.org/index130.html |title=Duflo, E., Greenstone, M., and Hanna, R. (2008) "Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being". ''S.A.P.I.EN.S.'' '''1''' (1) |publisher=Sapiens.revues.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> बिना उचित वेंटिलेशन वाला घर में कीड़ा-मकोड़ा आ मच्छरमार चीजन के छिड़काव से हवा के क्वालिटी खराब हो सके ले। == इतिहासी बिपति == अब तक के इतिहास में सभसे बड़ बिपति जे हवा में प्रदूषणकारी के तात्कालिक प्रवेश से भइल होखे, 1984 के भोपाल गैस त्रासदी के नाँव से जानल जाला।<ref>{{cite news | publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation | author = Simi Chakrabarti | url =http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2004/s1257352.htm | title = 20th anniversary of world's worst industrial disaster}}</ref> अमेरिकी कंपनी युनियन कार्बाइड (जेकरा के बाद में डाउ केमिकल कंपनी कीन लिहलस) के फैकटरी से खतरनाक रासायनिक गैस के लीकेज भइल जेह में 3787 लोगन के मौत भ गइल आ 150,000 से 600,000 लोग के नोकसान चहुँपल। एही तरह से यूनाइटेड किंगडम में, सभसे बुरा हवा प्रदूषण के घटना 4 दिसंबर 1952 के "ग्रेट स्मॉग" रहल जे [[लंदन]] के ऊपर बनल रहे। छह दिन में कुल 4,000 से बेसी लोगन के मउअत दर्ज कइल गइल आ हाल के दुबारा अनुमान माने लें कि एह में लगभग 12,000 लोग मुअल।<ref name="EHP_112_1">{{cite journal | last1 = Bell | first1 = Michelle L. |author2=Michelle L. Bell |author3=Devra L. Davis |author4=Tony Fletcher |date=January 2004 | title = A Retrospective Assessment of Mortality from the London Smog Episode of 1952: The Role of Influenza and Pollution | journal=Environ Health Perspect | volume = 112 | issue = 1 | pages = 6–8 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.6539 | pmid=14698923 | pmc=1241789}}</ref> सोवियत रूस में 1979 में अइसने एगो घटना भइल जब जैविक हथियार के प्रयोगशाला से सेवर्डलोस्क में एंथ्रेक्स के जीवाणु बहरें हवा में फइल गइलें आ 64 लोगन के मौत भइल।<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M |title=The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979 |journal=Science |volume=266 |issue=5188 |pages=1202–08 |date=November 1994 |pmid=7973702 |doi=10.1126/science.7973702 |url=http://www.anthrax.osd.mil/documents/library/Sverdlovsk.pdf |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060921004004/http://www.anthrax.osd.mil/documents/library/Sverdlovsk.pdf |archivedate=2006-09-21 |df= }}</ref> अमेरिका में, सिंगल घटना गिनावल जाय तब पेंसिलवेनिया के डोनोरा में अक्टूबर 1948 में करीब 20 लोगन के मौत भइल आ 7,000 लोग बेमार पड़ गइल।<ref>{{cite book | author=Davis, Devra | title=When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution| url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P9-EEG-577 |publisher=Basic Books|year=2002|isbn=0-465-01521-2}}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[हवा क्वालिटी इंडेक्स|हवा क्वालिटी इंडेक्स (एक्यूआई)]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{commons|Air pollution}} * [http://cpcb.nic.in/National-Air-Quality-Index/ एयर क्वालिटी इंडेक्स], केंद्रीय प्रदूषण नियंत्रण बोर्ड, भारत। {{in lang|en}} * [http://aqicn.org/map/world/ Global real-time air quality index map] {{in lang|en}} * [https://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi Air Quality Index (AQI) Basics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618144741/https://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi |date=2018-06-18 }} {{in lang|en}} * [http://www.urbanairquality.org/ International Conference on Urban Air Quality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216144156/http://www.urbanairquality.org/ |date=2008-12-16 }}. {{in lang|en}} * [http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/en/index.html Database: outdoor air pollution in cities], [[बिस्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन]] {{in lang|en}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160104165807/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/ World Health Organization Fact Sheet on Air quality and health] {{प्रदूषण}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:हवा प्रदूषण]] [[श्रेणी:प्रदूषण]] [[श्रेणी:सेहत]] [[श्रेणी:वायुमंडल]] 5gnyrvo9znmidqypv9t6uudahpdkbtq 0 46213 814333 461396 2026-11-07T05:36:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | film name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --> | director = फ़राज़ आरिफ़ अंसारी | producer = | writer = फ़राज़ आरिफ़ अंसारी | screenplay = | story = | based on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|writer of the original work}} --> | starring = | narrator = | music = | cinematography = | editing = | studio = <!-- or: | production companies = --> | distributor = <!-- or: | distributors = --> | released = <!-- {{Film date|df=yes/no|year|month|day|location}} --> | runtime = {{Duration|h=0|m=20|s=0}} | country = {{flag|भारत}} | language = | budget = $5,000 | gross = }}'''''सिसक''''' एक ठो भारतीय छोट फिलिम बा। एह फिलिम के डाइरेक्टर फ़राज़ आरिफ़ अंसारी बाड़ें। फिलिम में मुख्य भूमिका में जितिन गुलाटी आ ध्रुव सिंहल बाल लो। ई फिलिम समलैंगिक संबंध पर भारत में बनल पहिली चुप (साइलेंट) फिलिम बा।<ref>{{cite web|author=Somak Ghoshal Senior Editor, HuffPost India |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/02/24/making-indias-first-lgbtq-silent-film-sisak-was-anything-but/ |title=Making India's First LGBTQ Silent Film 'Sisak' Was Anything But Easy |publisher=Huffingtonpost.in |date= |accessdate=2017-05-16}}</ref> फिलिम के कई अंतरराष्ट्रीय फिलिम महोत्सवन में शामिल कइल जा चुकल बा।<ref>{{cite web|author=अरुंधति भांडे बीबीसी हिंदी डॉट कॉम के लिए |url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment-39908024 |title='सिसक' में पर्दे पर उतरी समलैंगिकों की ख़ामोशी - BBC हिंदी |publisher=Bbc.com |date=1970-01-01 |accessdate=2017-05-16}}</ref> ==रिलीज== [[सोनम कपूर]] एह फिलिम के ट्रेलर जनवरी 2017 में प्रस्तुत कइली।<ref>{{cite web|author=Almas Khateeb January 30, 2017, 2:02 pm |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2017/01/30/indias-first-silent-lgbtq-film-sisaks-trailer-is-out-and-has-been-presented-by-sonam-kapoor |title=Sonam Kapoor Presents ‘Sisak’, India’s First Silent LGBTQ Film |publisher=The Quint |date=2017-01-30 |accessdate=2017-05-16}}</ref> एकरे बाद ई फिलिम अप्रैल में रिलीज भइल। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{IMDb title|5977412}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय फिलिम]] {{film-stub}} ewbxvlnbabosurn88e7xcgecsd9xhkj 0 46217 813760 777603 2026-11-06T12:09:03Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = वानाक्राई रैनसमवेयर हमला | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = हमला के बाद छोड़ल गइल नोट के स्क्रीनशॉट | english_name = | time = | duration = | date = 12 मई 2017–वर्तमान | location = दुनियाभर में | also_known_as = WannaCrypt, WanaCrypt0r. WCRY | type = साइबर हमला | theme = [[रैनसमवेयर]] encrypting files with $300 – $1200 demand | cause = {{plainlist|* [[EternalBlue]] exploit * [[DoublePulsar]] backdoor}} | first_reporter = | budget = | patron = <!-- or |patrons= --> | organisers = <!-- or |organizers= --> | filmed_by = | participants = | outcome = Over 200,000 victims and more than 230,000 computers infected<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-15/ransomware-attack-to-hit-victims-in-australia-government-says/8526346|title=Ransomware attack still looms in Australia as Government warns WannaCry threat not over|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=15 मई 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/05/todays-massive-ransomware-attack-was-mostly-preventable-heres-how-to-avoid-it/|title=Today's Massive Ransomware Attack Was Mostly Preventable; Here's How To Avoid It|first=Dell|last=Cameron|publisher=Gizmodo|access-date=13 मई 2017|archive-date=2019-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409094716/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/05/todays-massive-ransomware-attack-was-mostly-preventable-heres-how-to-avoid-it/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | reported missing = | reported property damage = | inquiries = | inquest = | coroner = | arrests = | suspects = | accused = | convicted = | charges = | trial = | verdict = | convictions = | sentence = | publication_bans = | litigation = | awards = | blank1_label = <!-- or |blank1_data= --> | blank2_label = <!-- or |blank2_data= --> | notes = }} '''वानाक्राई रैनसमवेयर हमला''' (WannaCry ransomware attack या '''WannaCrypt''',<ref name="microsoftreleases">{{cite web|last1=MSRC Team|title=Customer Guidance for WannaCrypt attacks|url=https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=13 मई 2017}}</ref> '''WanaCrypt0r 2.0''',<ref>{{cite web|author1=Jakub Kroustek|title=Avast reports on WanaCrypt0r 2.0 ransomware that infected NHS and Telefonica.|url=https://blog.avast.com/ransomware-that-infected-telefonica-and-nhs-hospitals-is-spreading-aggressively-with-over-50000-attacks-so-far-today|website=Avast Security News|publisher=Avast Software, Inc|date=12 मई 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2017/05/12/nsa-exploit-used-by-wannacry-ransomware-in-global-explosion/|title=An NSA Cyber Weapon Might Be Behind A Massive Global Ransomware Outbreak|last=Fox-Brewster|first=Thomas|work=Forbes|access-date=12 मई 2017}}</ref> '''Wanna Decryptor'''<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/article/wanna-decryptor-ransomware|title=Wanna Decryptor: what is the 'atom bomb of ransomware' behind the NHS attack?|last=Woollaston|first=Victoria|work=WIRED UK|access-date=13 मई 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref>) एक ठो वर्तमान में चालू साइबर हमला बाटे। ई हमला एक ठो [[रैनसमवेयर]] हमला बा। अंग्रेजी में "रैनसम" के मतलब होला "फिरौती के रकम"। 12 मई 2017 के शुरू भी एह हमला में 150 गो देसन में 230,000 कंप्यूटर परभावित भइल बाने। एह हमला के बाद फिरौती के रकम माँगल जात बा आ एह में 28 भाषा में ई सनेसा दिहल जा रहल बा।<ref>{{cite web|title=WannaCry Infecting More Than 230,000 Computers in 99 Countries|url=https://www.eyerys.com/articles/timeline/wannacry-infecting-more-230000-computers-99-countries|website=Eyerys|date=12 मई 2017}}</ref> यूरोपोल द्वारा एकरा के अभूतपूर्व पैमाना पर भइल हमला घोषित कइल गइल बा, मतलब अइसन हमला जे आज ले एतना बड़ा पैमाना पर कबो पहिले ना भइल रहल हऽ।<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39907965|title=Cyber-attack: Europol says it was unprecedented in scale|date=13 मई 2017|publisher=BBC News|access-date=13 मई 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] jpw7am6jyo3xecjidcmmhoj2a4zix2w 0 46324 813850 763088 2026-11-06T12:51:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* फिलिमोग्राफी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विजय सेतुपति | image = Vijay-sethupathi-c-prem-kumar-devadarshini-at-the-96-success-meet-photos-0018.jpg | image_size = | caption = Sethupathi in 2018 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|01|16|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/vijay-sethupathi.html#biography|title=Vijay Sethupathi Biography|work=Filmibeat}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Rajapalayam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India | alma mater = [[Dhanraj Baid Jain College]] | nationality = Indian | occupation = {{hlist|Film actor|producer|screenwriter|[[playback singer]]|lyricist}} | yearsactive = 2004–present <ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-17/news-interviews/35867844_1_tamil-films-short-films-film-institute |title=I was rejected even for the role of a junior artist |work=The Times of India |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2013-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001142/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-17/news-interviews/35867844_1_tamil-films-short-films-film-institute |url-status=dead }}</ref> | spouse = {{marriage |Jessy | 2003}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=vijay sethupathi wife name jessy|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamil-cinemas-star-of-the-decade-the-vijay-sethupathi-interview/article30380282.ece |work = THE HINDU |date=23 December 2019}}</ref> | children = 2 }} '''विजय सेतुपति''' एक ठो [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारतीय फिलिम]] [[एक्टर]] बाने। {{clear}} ==फिलिमोग्राफी== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" |No ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Film ! scope="col" |Role(s) !Language ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 01 | 1996 ! scope="row" |''[[गोगुलतिल सीते]]'' | Audience member |[[तमिल]] | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 December 2018 |title=The Vijay Sethupathi interview – 'Directors should not put up with mediocre acting just because I'm a star' |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/dec/14/a-slave-of-art-1911588.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> |- | 02 | 2004 ! scope="row" |''[[मिसटर कुमारन सन ऑफ महालक्ष्मी]] | Boxing spectator | तमिल | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2012 |title='I was rejected even for the role of a junior artist' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-was-rejected-even-for-the-role-of-a-junior-artist/articleshow/17646577.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616093517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-was-rejected-even-for-the-role-of-a-junior-artist/articleshowprint/17646577.cms |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 03 | 2006 ! scope="row" |''[[पुदुपेटे]]'' | Anbu's henchman | तमिल | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4h_0s7HwJg |title=Pudhupettai Tamil Movie&nbsp;— Dhanush pleads for a job to Bala Singh |date=26 December 2012 |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=AP International |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 04 | 2007 ! scope="row" |''[[ली]]'' | Football player |Tamil | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Lee |type=Motion picture |language=ta |year=2007 |place=India |time=1:10:24 to 1:13:24 |time-caption=From}}</ref> |- | 05 | 2009 ! scope="row" |''[[वेनीला कबड्डी कुज्ञ]]'' | Kabaddi player |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-yEr9-IWQY |title=Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu&nbsp;— Kabadi Kabadi Video |date=9 January 2015 |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Sony Music India]] |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 06 | 2010 ! scope="row" |''[[नान महान अलला]]'' | Ganesh |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 January 2018 |title=Vijay Sethupathi played a role in 'Naan Mahaan Alla' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-sethupathi-played-a-role-in-naan-mahaan-alla/articleshowprint/62651400.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615170225/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-sethupathi-played-a-role-in-naan-mahaan-alla/articleshowprint/62651400.cms |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 07 | 2010 ! scope="row" |''[[बाले पाडंया]]'' | Pandiya's brother |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Bale Pandiya |language=ta |year=2010 |place=India |time=27:09 to 29:09 |time-caption=From |medium=Motion Picture}}</ref> |- | 08 | 2010 ! scope="row" |''[[तेनमेरुक परूवकटरु]]'' | Murugan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=25 December 2010 |title=Thenmerku Paruvakkaatru: Celebrating motherhood |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thenmerku-Paruvakkaatru-Celebrating-motherhood/article15608195.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614170951/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thenmerku-Paruvakkaatru-Celebrating-motherhood/article15608195.ece |archive-date=14 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 09 | 2011 ! scope="row" |''[[वर्नम]]'' | Nandha |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2011 |title=Tamil Review: 'Varnam' is a must watch |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-review-varnam-is-a-must-watch-408314.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171254/https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-review-varnam-is-a-must-watch-408314.html |archive-date=14 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |publisher=CNN-News18}}</ref> |- | 10 | 2012 ! scope="row" |''[[सुंदरा पाडियन]]'' | Jegan |Tamil |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkateswaran |first=N. |date=16 September 2012 |title=Sundarapandian Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Sundarapandian/movie-review/16478385.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802171809/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Sundarapandian/movie-review/16478385.cms |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref><br /><ref name="TNSFA">{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615081711/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 11 | 2012 ! scope="row" |''[[पिसा]]'' | Michael Karthikeyan |Tamil | Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=20 October 2012 |title=Pizza: Freshly made |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pizza-freshly-made/article4016292.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615084455/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pizza-freshly-made/article4016292.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref name="TOI VJS">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Vijay Sethupathi birthday special: Must watch movies of the actor |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/pizza/photostory/53724020.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615084610/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/pizza/photostory/53724020.cms |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2013 |title=60th Idea Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085439/https://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2013 |title=List of Winners at the 60th Idea Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/list-of-winners-at-the-60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-3745.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085637/https://www.filmfare.com/news/list-of-winners-at-the-60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-3745.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |website=Filmfare}}</ref> |- | 12 | 2012 ! scope="row" |''[[नडूवूला कोनजम पकता कानोम]]'' | C. Prem Kumar |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manigandan |first=K. R. |date=1 December 2012 |title=Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom: Turn these pages for entertainment |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom-Turn-these-pages-for-entertainment/article12373972.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085927/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom-Turn-these-pages-for-entertainment/article12373972.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref name="TOINKPK">{{Cite news |date=23 July 2012 |title=Andrea sings for Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Andrea-sings-for-Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom/articleshowprint/15104652.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616081926/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Andrea-sings-for-Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom/articleshowprint/15104652.cms |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 13 | 2013 ! scope="row" |''[[सुद कावुम]]'' | Das |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOI VJS" /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=3 May 2013 |title=Review: Soodhu Kavvum is a class apart |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-soodhu-kavvum/20130503.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615090524/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-soodhu-kavvum/20130503.htm |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> |- | 14 | 2013 ! scope="row" |''[[ईदारकुताने आसेपाटे बालाकुमारा]]'' | Kumaravel (Sumaar Moonji Kumar){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TNSFA" /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/idharkuthane-aasaipattai-balakumara-review-tamil-pcmbbOiefgaag.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615091509/http://www.sify.com/movies/idharkuthane-aasaipattai-balakumara-review-tamil-pcmbbOiefgaag.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=Sify}}</ref> |- |- | 15 | 2014 ! scope="row" |''[[रम्मी]]'' | Joseph | Tamil | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Rummy Movie|https://web.archive.org/web/20180616082624/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hes-hot-and-happening/article6386466.ece |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 25 | 2015 ! scope="row" |''[[नानुम राउडी दान]]'' | Pandian ('Pondy' Pandi){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=22 October 2015 |title=Naanum Rowdy Dhaan Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naanum-rowdy-dhaan/movie-review/49490723.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024235735/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Naanum-Rowdy-Dhaan/movie-review/49490723.cms |archive-date=24 October 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2015 |title=Naanum Rowdy Dhaan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naanum-rowdy-dhaan-review-tamil-pkvrJajfiggeg.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615154650/http://www.sify.com/movies/naanum-rowdy-dhaan-review-tamil-pkvrJajfiggeg.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=Sify}}</ref> |- | 26 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[सेतुपती]]'' | Ka. Sethupathi |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=19 February 2016 |title='Sethupathi' review: Vijay Sethupathi outshines many other Kollywood heroes as the cop |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-sethupathi-review-vijay-sethupathi-outshines-many-other-heroes-in-kollywood-as-the-cop-2179674 |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615160141/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-sethupathi-review-vijay-sethupathi-outshines-many-other-heroes-in-kollywood-as-the-cop-2179674 |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 27 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[कदलुम कडंत पोगुम]]'' | Kathiravan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |date=11 March 2016 |title='Kadhalum Kadanthu Pogum' movie review: Live audience response |work=International Business Times |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kadhalum-kadandhu-pogum-movie-review-live-audience-response-670247 |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615160600/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kadhalum-kadandhu-pogum-movie-review-live-audience-response-670247 |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 28 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[अईरवी]]'' | Michael |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=7 June 2016 |title=Iraivi: A film about women who bear everything and put up with anything |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iraivi-film-about-women-who-bear-everything-and-put-anything-44493 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 29 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[धर्म धुरे]]'' | Dharma Durai |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=19 August 2016 |title=Dharma Durai review: Vijay Sethupathi stands at the forefront of this feel good entertainer |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dharma-durai-review-vijay-sethupathi-stands-at-the-forefront-of-this-feel-good-entertainer-2965988.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085719/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dharma-durai-review-vijay-sethupathi-stands-at-the-forefront-of-this-feel-good-entertainer-2965988.html |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 30 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[अडंवन कटले]]'' | Gandhi |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai review: After Kaaka Muttai, this Manikandan film reinforces that content is king |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aandavan-kattalai-review-after-kaaka-muttai-this-manikandan-film-reinforces-that-content-is-king-3018858.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615155452/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aandavan-kattalai-review-after-kaaka-muttai-this-manikandan-film-reinforces-that-content-is-king-3018858.html |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 31 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[रेकका]]'' | Siva |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=8 October 2016 |title=Rekka movie review: Never a dull moment! |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/081016/rekka-movie-review-never-a-dull-moment.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615161108/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/081016/rekka-movie-review-never-a-dull-moment.html |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 32 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[काँवन]]'' | Thilak |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar R |first=Manoj |date=1 April 2017 |title=Kavan movie review: Vijay Sethupathi-starrer is fun to watch |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/kavan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-led-war-on-corrupt-media-makes-for-absorbing-watch-4593759/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615161725/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/kavan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-led-war-on-corrupt-media-makes-for-absorbing-watch-4593759/ |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 33 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[विक्रम वेद]]'' | Vedha |Tamil | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=22 July 2017 |title=Vikram Vedha review: A wholly satisfying, smartly conceived thriller – 1 |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/22/vikram-vedha-review-a-wholly-satisfying-smartly-conceived-thriller-1631850--1.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609111514/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/22/vikram-vedha-review-a-wholly-satisfying-smartly-conceived-thriller-1631850--1.html |archive-date=9 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Nominations for the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604163156/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652.html |archive-date=4 June 2018 |access-date=4 June 2018 |website=Filmfare}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 June 2018 |title=Winners: 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617071126/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms |archive-date=17 June 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- | 34 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[पुरीयादा पुदीर]]'' | Kathir |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=2 September 2017 |title=Puriyatha Puthir movie review: Vijay Sethupathi and Gayathrie in a tale of voyeurism |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/puriyatha-puthir-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-gayathrie-1036359-2017-09-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615161736/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/puriyatha-puthir-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-gayathrie-1036359-2017-09-02 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |website=India Today}}</ref> |- | 35 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[कथा नायकन]]'' | Phoenix Raj |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.hotstar.com/movies/kathanayagan/1000201421/watch |title=Kathanayagan |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Hotstar |year=2017 |trans-title=Protagonist |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 36 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[करूपन]]'' | Karuppan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=29 September 2017 |title=Karuppan movie review: Characterisation and performances save this Vijay Sethupathi film |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karuppan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-bobby-simha-tanya-star-rating-4867107/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163502/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karuppan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-bobby-simha-tanya-star-rating-4867107/ |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 37 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[ओरू नलला नाल पातु सोलरेन]]'' | Yaman |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=2 February 2018 |title='Oru Nalla Naal Paathu Solren' review: A bizarre comedy that offers some laughs |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/oru-nalla-naal-paathu-solren-review-bizarre-comedy-offers-some-laughs-75792 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 38 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[ट्राफिक रामास्वामी]]'' | Himself |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2018 |title=Traffic Ramaswamy biopic: Get ready for Vijay Sethupathi in an extended cameo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-plays-an-extended-cameo-in-traffic-ramasamy-biopic-1196099-2018-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616091055/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-plays-an-extended-cameo-in-traffic-ramasamy-biopic-1196099-2018-03-23 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=16 June 2018 |website=India Today}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=23 June 2018 |title=Traffic Ramaswamy movie review: A tight script without clichés would have helped! |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230618/traffic-ramaswamy-movie-review-a-tight-script-without-clichs-would.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630164125/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230618/traffic-ramaswamy-movie-review-a-tight-script-without-clichs-would.html |archive-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 39 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[जूंगा]]'' | Junga, Ranga, Linga{{efn|Vijay Sethupathi played three characters.}} |Tamil | Also producer | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="JungaFP">{{Cite news |date=13 June 2018 |title=Junga trailer: Vijay Sethupathi showcases his versatility in this goofy gangster comedy |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/junga-trailer-vijay-sethupathi-showcases-his-versatility-in-this-goofy-gangster-comedy-4508721.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616090656/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/junga-trailer-vijay-sethupathi-showcases-his-versatility-in-this-goofy-gangster-comedy-4508721.html |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=27 July 2018 |title=Junga movie review: A gangster satire that digresses more than it entertains |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/junga-movie-review-movie-rating-vijay-sethupathi-5279281/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728090809/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/junga-movie-review-movie-rating-vijay-sethupathi-5279281/ |archive-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> |- | 40 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[ईमेका नोडीगल]]'' | Vikramadityan |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=27 June 2018 |title=First look of Vijay Sethupathi and Nayanthara in 'Imaikkaa Nodigal' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-vijay-sethupathi-and-nayanthara-in-imaikkaa-nodigal/articleshow/64748519.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630163651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-vijay-sethupathi-and-nayanthara-in-imaikkaa-nodigal/articleshow/64748519.cms |archive-date=30 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=30 August 2018 |title=Imaikkaa Nodigal Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/imaikkaa-nodigal/movie-review/65606123.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180830092544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/imaikkaa-nodigal/movie-review/65606123.cms |archive-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> |- | 41 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[चेक्का चिवंता वाणम]]'' | Rasool Ebrahim |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar R |first=Manoj |date=27 September 2018 |title=Chekka Chivantha Vaanam movie review: A vibrant gangster drama |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chekka-chivantha-vaanam-movie-review-mani-ratnam-5376892/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927105219/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chekka-chivantha-vaanam-movie-review-mani-ratnam-5376892/ |archive-date=27 September 2018}}</ref> |- | 42 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[['९६ (फिलिम)|<nowiki/>'९६]]'' | K. Ramachandran |Tamil | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOINKPK" /><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thirumurthy |first=Priyanka |date=4 October 2018 |title='96' review: This Vijay Sethupathi-Trisha film is beautiful, heartbreaking |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/96-review-vijay-sethupathi-trisha-film-beautiful-heartbreaking-89449 |access-date=4 October 2018 }}</ref> |- | 43 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[सीताकाती]]'' | Ayya Aathimoolam |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=20 December 2018 |title='Seethakathi' review: Intriguing experiment with middling results |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/seethakathi-review-intriguing-experiment-with-middling-results/article25787139.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110070838/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/seethakathi-review-intriguing-experiment-with-middling-results/article25787139.ece |archive-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |- | 44 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[पेटटा]]'' | Jithu |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=10 January 2019 |title=Petta Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/petta/movie-review/67464901.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190110032229/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/petta/movie-review/67464901.cms |archive-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |- | 45 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[सुपर डिलक्स]]'' | Shilpa (Manickam){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil |[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Vijay Sethupathi plays Shilpa in 'Super Deluxe' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-shilpa-in-super-deluxe-news-tamil-rjnjEGaciedbg.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616085104/http://www.sify.com//movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-shilpa-in-super-deluxe-news-tamil-rjnjEGaciedbg.html |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=16 June 2018 |publisher=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=National Awards: Vijay Sethupathi bags Best Supporting Actor for Super Deluxe; Thanks director Thiyagarajan {{!}} PINKVILLA|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/national-awards-vijay-sethupathi-bags-best-supporting-actor-super-deluxe-thanks-director-thiyagarajan-658431?amp|access-date=2021-03-22|website=www.pinkvilla.com|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519205241/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/national-awards-vijay-sethupathi-bags-best-supporting-actor-super-deluxe-thanks-director-thiyagarajan-658431?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 46 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[सिंधुबाद]]'' | Thiru |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=40 days shoot for Vijay Sethupathi's new film with Arun Kumar! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/40-days-shoot-for-vijay-sethupathis-new-film-with-arun-kumar-news-tamil-skxqtbccchaab.html |website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 47 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[मारकोनी मताई]]'' | Himself{{efn|Vijay Sethupathi featured as himself, an actor, who works as a radio jockey.}} |[[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=I'm playing myself in Jayaram's Marconi Mathai: Vijay Sethupathi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/apr/16/im-playing-myself-in-jayarams-marconi-mathai-vijay-sethupathi-11070.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |- | 48 | 2019 ! scope="row" | ''[[अवेंजर्स एंडगेम]]'' | [[Tony Stark|Tony Stark/Ironman]] (voice) |Tamil [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed]] version | | |- | 49 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[सई रा नरसिंह रेड्डी]]'' | Raaja Pandi |[[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=27 December 2017 |title=Vijay Sethupathi plays Chiranjeevi's aide in Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-chiranjeevi-s-aide-in-sye-raa-narasimha-reddy/story-u9EOpPgw1i4JTCyLTMH8fM.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616090840/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-chiranjeevi-s-aide-in-sye-raa-narasimha-reddy/story-u9EOpPgw1i4JTCyLTMH8fM.html |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 50 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[संगतमीलन]]'' | Sangatamizhan (Murugan){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Revealed: Sanga Thamizhan is the name of Vijay Sethupathi's film with Sketch director Vijay Chandar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/revealed-sanga-tamizhan-is-the-name-of-vijay-sethupathi-s-film-with-sketch-director-vijay-chandar-1487497-2019-03-27 |website=India Today}}</ref> |- | 51 | 2020 ! scope="row" |''[[ओ माई कडवुले]]'' | Kadavul |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi to do a cameo in 'Oh My Kadavule' – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-do-a-cameo-in-oh-my-kadavule/articleshow/71614437.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 52 |2020 ! scope="row" |''[[का पे रणसिंगम]]'' |Ranasingam |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Sethupathi & Aishwarya's 'Ka Pae Ranasingam' to be screened at drive-in theatres|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/regional-indian-cinema/vijay-sethupathi-and-aishwarya-rajeshs-ka-pae-ranasingam.html|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Republic World}}</ref> |- | 53 | 2021 ! scope="row" |''[[मास्टर (2021 फिलिम)|मास्टर]]'' |Bhavani |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2019 |title=Vijay's Next Film Thalapathy 64 is Called Master, First Look Revealed on New Year's Eve |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijays-next-film-thalapathy-64-is-called-master-first-look-revealed-on-new-years-eve-2441501.html |website=News18}}</ref> |- | 54 | 2021 ! scope="row" |''[[कुटी सटोरी]]'' |Ninja Manick |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=நான்கு வருடங்களுக்குப் பிறகு வெளியாகும் இயக்குநர் நலன் குமாரசாமியின் படம் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2021/feb/02/vijay-sethupathis-kutty-story-directed-by-four-filmmakers-first-look-is-out-3555548.html |website=Dinamani}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-sethupathi-amala-paul-part-upcoming-tamil-anthology-kutti-love-story-142638|title=Vijay Sethupathi, Amala Paul part of upcoming Tamil anthology 'Kutti Love Story'|work=[[The News Minute]]|date=2 February 2021|access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref> |- | 55 | 2021 ! scope="row"|''[[उपेना]]'' | Rayanam |Telugu | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi signs his second film in Telugu – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-signs-his-second-film-in-telugu/articleshow/69081904.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 56 | 2021 ! scope="row"|''[[लाबम]]'' | Pakkiri Ravi | Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2019 |title=Shruti Haasan, Vijay Sethupathi to Work Together for the First Time in Tamil Film Laabam |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shruti-haasan-vijay-sethupathi-to-work-together-for-the-first-time-in-tamil-film-laabam-2113029.html |website=News18}}</ref> |- | 57 |2021 ! scope="row"|''[[तुगलग दरबार]]'' | Singara Velan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tughlaq Durbar begins with a pooja! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/tughlaq-durbar-begins-with-a-pooja-imagegallery-kollywood-tifkmggjifhfj.html |website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 58 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[आनाबेल सेतुपति]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} |Veera Sethupathi |Tamil |Completed; Ott release | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Taapsee and Vijay Sethupathi on a heritage trail in Jaipur |url= https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/taapsee-and-vijay-sethupathi-on-a-heritage-trail-in-jaipur/amp_articleshow/78114344.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 59 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[19 (1)(ए)]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Malayalam | Post Production | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-and-nithya-menen-come-together-for-a-malayalam-film-1731729-2020-10-15|title=Vijay Sethupathi and Nithya Menen come together for a Malayalam film|first1=Logesh|last1=Balach|first2=ran|last2=ChennaiOctober 15|first3=2020UPDATED|last3=October 15|first4=2020 11:09|last4=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> |- | 60 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[कडयसी विवसाई]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Post-production; special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi silently finished shooting for 'Kadaisi Vivasayi' |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-sethupathi-silently-finished-shooting-for-kadaisi-vivasayi-news-tamil-sjfkAKeihcbcc.html |website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 61 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[मामनीतन]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} |{{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2018 |title=Vijay Sethupathi begins shooting for Maamanithan |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-begins-shooting-for-maamanithan/articleshow/67104564.cms |access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref> |- | 62 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[यादुम ऊरे यावरम केलीर]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivekh and Vijay Sethupathi join hands for Yaadhum Oore Yaavarum Kelir |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/nov/15/vivekh-and-vijay-sethupathi-join-hands-for-yaadhum-oore-yaavarum-kelir-15513.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |- | 63 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''मुगीज्ञ'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Vijay Sethupathi shares trailer of daughter Sreeja's debut in 'Mugizh'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-vijay-sethupathi-shares-trailer-daughter-sreeja-s-debut-mugizh-140698%3famp|website=The News Minute|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518154415/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-vijay-sethupathi-shares-trailer-daughter-sreeja-s-debut-mugizh-140698?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 64 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[कातु वाकुला रेंडू कादल]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vignesh Shivan's 'Kaathuvaakula Rendu Kaadhal' shooting from August – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vignesh-shivans-kaathuvaakula-rendu-kaadhal-shooting-from-august/articleshow/75889568.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 65 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" | ''कोरोना कुमार'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming; cameo appearance | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi to come back again as Sumar Moonji Kumar? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-come-back-again-as-sumar-moonji-kumar/articleshow/76526629.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 66 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[विडूतले]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Vetrimaaran: In my film Kathainayagan is Soori and Kathanayagan is Vijay Sethupathi! |url= https://www.sify.com/movies/vetrimaaran-in-my-film-kathainayagan-is-soori-and-kathanayagan-is-vijay-sethupathi-news-tamil-vcefccihbffec.html|website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 67 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[विक्रम (आनेवाला फिलिम)|विक्रम]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Vikram First look: Kamal Haasan, Vijay Sethupathi and Fahadh Faasil look menacing|url= https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-first-look-kamal-haasan-vijay-sethupathi-and-fahadh-faasil-look-menacing/amp_articleshow/84294290.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 68 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''गांधी टोकस'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | Gandhi |[[Silent cinema|Silent]] | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-sethupathi-shares-first-look-poster-his-upcoming-film-gandhi-talks-141601</ref> |- | 69 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[मुंबईकार (फिलिम)|मुबंईकार]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |[[Hindi]] | Filming | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Karan Johar releases the poster of Vikrant Massey and Vijay Sethupathi's upcoming film 'Mumbaikar' |url= https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-johar-releases-the-poster-of-vikrant-massey-and-vijay-sethupathis-upcoming-film-mumbaikar/amp_articleshow/80060187.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> |} ==वेब सीरिज== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role(s) !Language(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 2021 | ''[[नवरसा]]'' | Dheena |[[तमील]] | [[Netflix]] series | |- |2021 !scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |Untitled web series with [[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.|Raj and D.K]]. with [[Raashi Khanna]]{{Dagger}} |{{TBA}} |[[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] |Filming |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saqib Ayub Filme Shilmy Interview {{!}} Brahmastra {{!}} Ranbir {{!}} Shahid Kapoor {{!}} Raj & DK {{!}} She {{!}} Bollywood - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOtKOPOmOqk|date=25 January 2021|access-date=1 February 2021|quote=Vijay Sethupathi to play in this web series is confirmed from 17:38 to 19:02|website=YouTube}}</ref> |} ==टेलीविजन== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col"|Title ! scope="col"|Role(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2006 ! scope="row" | ''[[पेन]]'' | Bharani | Main role: 195 episodes | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/full-of-pizzazz/article5145857.ece | title=Full of pizzazz! | work=The Hindu | last=Kamath | first=Sudhish | author-link=Sudhish Kamath | date=19 September 2013 | access-date=16 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616144054/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/full-of-pizzazz/article5145857.ece | archive-date=16 June 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130523/entertainment-kollywood/article/my-struggle-my-strength-vijay-sethupathi | title=My Struggle is my Strength: Vijay Sethupathi | work=Deccan Chronicle | last=Limitton | first=Teena | date=23 May 2013 | access-date=16 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035014/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130523/entertainment-kollywood/article/my-struggle-my-strength-vijay-sethupathi | archive-date=12 December 2013 | url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2019 ! scope="row" | ''[[नम्मा ऊर हीरा]]'' | Host | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-kicks-of-his-small-screen-journey-with-namma-ooru-hero/articleshow/67624084.cms | title=Vijay Sethupathi kicks of his small screen journey with 'Namma Ooru Hero' | work=The Times of India | date=21 January 2019 | access-date=23 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123062843/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-kicks-of-his-small-screen-journey-with-namma-ooru-hero/articleshow/67624084.cms? | archive-date=23 January 2019 | url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2021 ! scope="row" | ''[[मास्टरशेफ इंडिया तमील]]'' | Host | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-11|title=Vijay Sethupathi hosted MasterChef Tamil show to premiere on August 7|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-sethupathi-hosted-masterchef-tamil-show-to-premiere-on-august-7/articleshow/84850085.cms|access-date=2021-07-30|website=[[Times Of India]]|language=en-US| url-status=live}}</ref> |- |} ==मयूजिक वीडियो== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="filmography" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Role(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Performer(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 2015 ! scope="row" | "Tea Podu" | Himself |{{sort|Sundar|[[Gopi Sundar]]}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Anjala (film)|Anjala]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeQjQz0GDhY|title=Anjala - Tea Podu Video|date=14 December 2015|language=ta|publisher=[[Sony Music India]]|place=India|access-date=21 December 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- | 2016 ! scope="row" | "[[Spirit of Chennai]]" | Himself | C. Girinandh |{{Non-album single}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece | title=Celebrating the spirit of Chennai | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=9 January 2016 | access-date=22 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322103414/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece | archive-date=22 March 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2017 ! scope="row" | "Ain't No Sunshine" | Himself ||{{Sort|Raghavendra|Ganesh Raghavendra}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Merlin (2018 film)|Merlin]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDBiEImOocI|title=Merlin - Ain't No Sunshine - Promo Song - Vishnu Priyan, Aswini - Keera - Trend Music|date=16 February 2017|work=Trend Music}}</ref> |- | 2017 ! scope="row" | "Maatrangal Ondre Dhaan" | Himself |{{sort|Prasanna|[[Nivas K. Prasanna]]}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Kootathil Oruthan]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE6zm6OAghg|title=Maatrangal Ondre Dhaan ( Gift Song ) Feat. Nivas K Prasanna|date=20 June 2017|language=ta|publisher=[[Think Music India]]|place=India|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724083230/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE6zm6OAghg|archive-date=24 July 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- | 2020 ! scope="row" | "Machan Machan" | Himself |{{sort|Deva|[[Srikanth Deva]]}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Sakthi Chidambaram|Machan]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/18-stars-converge-for-machan-machan-sakthi-chidambaram-08-05-13.html|title=18 stars converge for Machan, machan, Sakthi Chidambaram|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref><br><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ2M_LIcJcY</ref> |} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{commonscat|Vijay Sethupathi}} {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय पुरुष फिलिम एक्टर]] [[श्रेणी:1978 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{actor-stub}} edlcq9ay7r0nrzaavihykj9j6tm0zh5 813851 813850 2026-11-06T12:51:26Z KiranBOT 38109 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 813851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विजय सेतुपति | image = Vijay-sethupathi-c-prem-kumar-devadarshini-at-the-96-success-meet-photos-0018.jpg | image_size = | caption = Sethupathi in 2018 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|01|16|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/vijay-sethupathi.html#biography|title=Vijay Sethupathi Biography|work=Filmibeat}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Rajapalayam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India | alma mater = [[Dhanraj Baid Jain College]] | nationality = Indian | occupation = {{hlist|Film actor|producer|screenwriter|[[playback singer]]|lyricist}} | yearsactive = 2004–present <ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-17/news-interviews/35867844_1_tamil-films-short-films-film-institute |title=I was rejected even for the role of a junior artist |work=The Times of India |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2013-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001142/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-17/news-interviews/35867844_1_tamil-films-short-films-film-institute |url-status=dead }}</ref> | spouse = {{marriage |Jessy | 2003}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=vijay sethupathi wife name jessy|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamil-cinemas-star-of-the-decade-the-vijay-sethupathi-interview/article30380282.ece |work = THE HINDU |date=23 December 2019}}</ref> | children = 2 }} '''विजय सेतुपति''' एक ठो [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारतीय फिलिम]] [[एक्टर]] बाने। {{clear}} ==फिलिमोग्राफी== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" |No ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Film ! scope="col" |Role(s) !Language ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 01 | 1996 ! scope="row" |''[[गोगुलतिल सीते]]'' | Audience member |[[तमिल]] | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 December 2018 |title=The Vijay Sethupathi interview – 'Directors should not put up with mediocre acting just because I'm a star' |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/dec/14/a-slave-of-art-1911588.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> |- | 02 | 2004 ! scope="row" |''[[मिसटर कुमारन सन ऑफ महालक्ष्मी]] | Boxing spectator | तमिल | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2012 |title='I was rejected even for the role of a junior artist' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-was-rejected-even-for-the-role-of-a-junior-artist/articleshow/17646577.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616093517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-was-rejected-even-for-the-role-of-a-junior-artist/articleshowprint/17646577.cms |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 03 | 2006 ! scope="row" |''[[पुदुपेटे]]'' | Anbu's henchman | तमिल | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4h_0s7HwJg |title=Pudhupettai Tamil Movie&nbsp;— Dhanush pleads for a job to Bala Singh |date=26 December 2012 |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=AP International |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 04 | 2007 ! scope="row" |''[[ली]]'' | Football player |Tamil | Uncredited role | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Lee |type=Motion picture |language=ta |year=2007 |place=India |time=1:10:24 to 1:13:24 |time-caption=From}}</ref> |- | 05 | 2009 ! scope="row" |''[[वेनीला कबड्डी कुज्ञ]]'' | Kabaddi player |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-yEr9-IWQY |title=Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu&nbsp;— Kabadi Kabadi Video |date=9 January 2015 |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Sony Music India]] |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 06 | 2010 ! scope="row" |''[[नान महान अलला]]'' | Ganesh |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 January 2018 |title=Vijay Sethupathi played a role in 'Naan Mahaan Alla' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-sethupathi-played-a-role-in-naan-mahaan-alla/articleshowprint/62651400.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615170225/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-sethupathi-played-a-role-in-naan-mahaan-alla/articleshowprint/62651400.cms |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 07 | 2010 ! scope="row" |''[[बाले पाडंया]]'' | Pandiya's brother |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Bale Pandiya |language=ta |year=2010 |place=India |time=27:09 to 29:09 |time-caption=From |medium=Motion Picture}}</ref> |- | 08 | 2010 ! scope="row" |''[[तेनमेरुक परूवकटरु]]'' | Murugan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=25 December 2010 |title=Thenmerku Paruvakkaatru: Celebrating motherhood |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thenmerku-Paruvakkaatru-Celebrating-motherhood/article15608195.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614170951/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thenmerku-Paruvakkaatru-Celebrating-motherhood/article15608195.ece |archive-date=14 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 09 | 2011 ! scope="row" |''[[वर्नम]]'' | Nandha |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2011 |title=Tamil Review: 'Varnam' is a must watch |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-review-varnam-is-a-must-watch-408314.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171254/https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-review-varnam-is-a-must-watch-408314.html |archive-date=14 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |publisher=CNN-News18}}</ref> |- | 10 | 2012 ! scope="row" |''[[सुंदरा पाडियन]]'' | Jegan |Tamil |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkateswaran |first=N. |date=16 September 2012 |title=Sundarapandian Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Sundarapandian/movie-review/16478385.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802171809/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Sundarapandian/movie-review/16478385.cms |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref><br /><ref name="TNSFA">{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615081711/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 11 | 2012 ! scope="row" |''[[पिसा]]'' | Michael Karthikeyan |Tamil | Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=20 October 2012 |title=Pizza: Freshly made |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pizza-freshly-made/article4016292.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615084455/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pizza-freshly-made/article4016292.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref name="TOI VJS">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Vijay Sethupathi birthday special: Must watch movies of the actor |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/pizza/photostory/53724020.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615084610/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/pizza/photostory/53724020.cms |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2013 |title=60th Idea Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085439/https://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2013 |title=List of Winners at the 60th Idea Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/list-of-winners-at-the-60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-3745.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085637/https://www.filmfare.com/news/list-of-winners-at-the-60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-3745.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |website=Filmfare}}</ref> |- | 12 | 2012 ! scope="row" |''[[नडूवूला कोनजम पकता कानोम]]'' | C. Prem Kumar |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manigandan |first=K. R. |date=1 December 2012 |title=Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom: Turn these pages for entertainment |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom-Turn-these-pages-for-entertainment/article12373972.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085927/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom-Turn-these-pages-for-entertainment/article12373972.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref name="TOINKPK">{{Cite news |date=23 July 2012 |title=Andrea sings for Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Andrea-sings-for-Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom/articleshowprint/15104652.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616081926/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Andrea-sings-for-Naduvula-Konjam-Pakkatha-Kaanom/articleshowprint/15104652.cms |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 13 | 2013 ! scope="row" |''[[सुद कावुम]]'' | Das |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOI VJS" /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=3 May 2013 |title=Review: Soodhu Kavvum is a class apart |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-soodhu-kavvum/20130503.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615090524/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-soodhu-kavvum/20130503.htm |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> |- | 14 | 2013 ! scope="row" |''[[ईदारकुताने आसेपाटे बालाकुमारा]]'' | Kumaravel (Sumaar Moonji Kumar){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TNSFA" /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/idharkuthane-aasaipattai-balakumara-review-tamil-pcmbbOiefgaag.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615091509/http://www.sify.com/movies/idharkuthane-aasaipattai-balakumara-review-tamil-pcmbbOiefgaag.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=Sify}}</ref> |- |- | 15 | 2014 ! scope="row" |''[[रम्मी]]'' | Joseph | Tamil | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Rummy Movie|https://web.archive.org/web/20180616082624/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hes-hot-and-happening/article6386466.ece |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 25 | 2015 ! scope="row" |''[[नानुम राउडी दान]]'' | Pandian ('Pondy' Pandi){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=22 October 2015 |title=Naanum Rowdy Dhaan Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naanum-rowdy-dhaan/movie-review/49490723.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024235735/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Naanum-Rowdy-Dhaan/movie-review/49490723.cms |archive-date=24 October 2015}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2015 |title=Naanum Rowdy Dhaan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naanum-rowdy-dhaan-review-tamil-pkvrJajfiggeg.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615154650/http://www.sify.com/movies/naanum-rowdy-dhaan-review-tamil-pkvrJajfiggeg.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=Sify}}</ref> |- | 26 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[सेतुपती]]'' | Ka. Sethupathi |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=19 February 2016 |title='Sethupathi' review: Vijay Sethupathi outshines many other Kollywood heroes as the cop |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-sethupathi-review-vijay-sethupathi-outshines-many-other-heroes-in-kollywood-as-the-cop-2179674 |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615160141/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-sethupathi-review-vijay-sethupathi-outshines-many-other-heroes-in-kollywood-as-the-cop-2179674 |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 27 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[कदलुम कडंत पोगुम]]'' | Kathiravan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |date=11 March 2016 |title='Kadhalum Kadanthu Pogum' movie review: Live audience response |work=International Business Times |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kadhalum-kadandhu-pogum-movie-review-live-audience-response-670247 |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615160600/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kadhalum-kadandhu-pogum-movie-review-live-audience-response-670247 |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 28 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[अईरवी]]'' | Michael |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=7 June 2016 |title=Iraivi: A film about women who bear everything and put up with anything |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iraivi-film-about-women-who-bear-everything-and-put-anything-44493 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 29 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[धर्म धुरे]]'' | Dharma Durai |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=19 August 2016 |title=Dharma Durai review: Vijay Sethupathi stands at the forefront of this feel good entertainer |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dharma-durai-review-vijay-sethupathi-stands-at-the-forefront-of-this-feel-good-entertainer-2965988.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085719/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dharma-durai-review-vijay-sethupathi-stands-at-the-forefront-of-this-feel-good-entertainer-2965988.html |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 30 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[अडंवन कटले]]'' | Gandhi |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai review: After Kaaka Muttai, this Manikandan film reinforces that content is king |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aandavan-kattalai-review-after-kaaka-muttai-this-manikandan-film-reinforces-that-content-is-king-3018858.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615155452/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aandavan-kattalai-review-after-kaaka-muttai-this-manikandan-film-reinforces-that-content-is-king-3018858.html |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 31 | 2016 ! scope="row" |''[[रेकका]]'' | Siva |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=8 October 2016 |title=Rekka movie review: Never a dull moment! |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/081016/rekka-movie-review-never-a-dull-moment.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615161108/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/081016/rekka-movie-review-never-a-dull-moment.html |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 32 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[काँवन]]'' | Thilak |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar R |first=Manoj |date=1 April 2017 |title=Kavan movie review: Vijay Sethupathi-starrer is fun to watch |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/kavan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-led-war-on-corrupt-media-makes-for-absorbing-watch-4593759/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615161725/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/kavan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-led-war-on-corrupt-media-makes-for-absorbing-watch-4593759/ |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 33 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[विक्रम वेद]]'' | Vedha |Tamil | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=22 July 2017 |title=Vikram Vedha review: A wholly satisfying, smartly conceived thriller – 1 |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/22/vikram-vedha-review-a-wholly-satisfying-smartly-conceived-thriller-1631850--1.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609111514/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/22/vikram-vedha-review-a-wholly-satisfying-smartly-conceived-thriller-1631850--1.html |archive-date=9 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Nominations for the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604163156/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652.html |archive-date=4 June 2018 |access-date=4 June 2018 |website=Filmfare}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 June 2018 |title=Winners: 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617071126/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms |archive-date=17 June 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- | 34 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[पुरीयादा पुदीर]]'' | Kathir |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=2 September 2017 |title=Puriyatha Puthir movie review: Vijay Sethupathi and Gayathrie in a tale of voyeurism |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/puriyatha-puthir-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-gayathrie-1036359-2017-09-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615161736/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/puriyatha-puthir-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-gayathrie-1036359-2017-09-02 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |website=India Today}}</ref> |- | 35 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[कथा नायकन]]'' | Phoenix Raj |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.hotstar.com/movies/kathanayagan/1000201421/watch |title=Kathanayagan |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Hotstar |year=2017 |trans-title=Protagonist |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 36 | 2017 ! scope="row" |''[[करूपन]]'' | Karuppan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=29 September 2017 |title=Karuppan movie review: Characterisation and performances save this Vijay Sethupathi film |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karuppan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-bobby-simha-tanya-star-rating-4867107/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163502/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karuppan-movie-review-vijay-sethupathi-bobby-simha-tanya-star-rating-4867107/ |archive-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 37 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[ओरू नलला नाल पातु सोलरेन]]'' | Yaman |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=2 February 2018 |title='Oru Nalla Naal Paathu Solren' review: A bizarre comedy that offers some laughs |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/oru-nalla-naal-paathu-solren-review-bizarre-comedy-offers-some-laughs-75792 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 38 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[ट्राफिक रामास्वामी]]'' | Himself |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2018 |title=Traffic Ramaswamy biopic: Get ready for Vijay Sethupathi in an extended cameo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-plays-an-extended-cameo-in-traffic-ramasamy-biopic-1196099-2018-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616091055/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-plays-an-extended-cameo-in-traffic-ramasamy-biopic-1196099-2018-03-23 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=16 June 2018 |website=India Today}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=23 June 2018 |title=Traffic Ramaswamy movie review: A tight script without clichés would have helped! |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230618/traffic-ramaswamy-movie-review-a-tight-script-without-clichs-would.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630164125/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230618/traffic-ramaswamy-movie-review-a-tight-script-without-clichs-would.html |archive-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 39 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[जूंगा]]'' | Junga, Ranga, Linga{{efn|Vijay Sethupathi played three characters.}} |Tamil | Also producer | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="JungaFP">{{Cite news |date=13 June 2018 |title=Junga trailer: Vijay Sethupathi showcases his versatility in this goofy gangster comedy |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/junga-trailer-vijay-sethupathi-showcases-his-versatility-in-this-goofy-gangster-comedy-4508721.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616090656/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/junga-trailer-vijay-sethupathi-showcases-his-versatility-in-this-goofy-gangster-comedy-4508721.html |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=27 July 2018 |title=Junga movie review: A gangster satire that digresses more than it entertains |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/junga-movie-review-movie-rating-vijay-sethupathi-5279281/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728090809/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/junga-movie-review-movie-rating-vijay-sethupathi-5279281/ |archive-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> |- | 40 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[ईमेका नोडीगल]]'' | Vikramadityan |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=27 June 2018 |title=First look of Vijay Sethupathi and Nayanthara in 'Imaikkaa Nodigal' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-vijay-sethupathi-and-nayanthara-in-imaikkaa-nodigal/articleshow/64748519.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630163651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-vijay-sethupathi-and-nayanthara-in-imaikkaa-nodigal/articleshow/64748519.cms |archive-date=30 June 2018}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=30 August 2018 |title=Imaikkaa Nodigal Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/imaikkaa-nodigal/movie-review/65606123.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180830092544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/imaikkaa-nodigal/movie-review/65606123.cms |archive-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> |- | 41 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[चेक्का चिवंता वाणम]]'' | Rasool Ebrahim |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar R |first=Manoj |date=27 September 2018 |title=Chekka Chivantha Vaanam movie review: A vibrant gangster drama |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chekka-chivantha-vaanam-movie-review-mani-ratnam-5376892/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927105219/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chekka-chivantha-vaanam-movie-review-mani-ratnam-5376892/ |archive-date=27 September 2018}}</ref> |- | 42 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[['९६ (फिलिम)|<nowiki/>'९६]]'' | K. Ramachandran |Tamil | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOINKPK" /><br /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thirumurthy |first=Priyanka |date=4 October 2018 |title='96' review: This Vijay Sethupathi-Trisha film is beautiful, heartbreaking |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/96-review-vijay-sethupathi-trisha-film-beautiful-heartbreaking-89449 |access-date=4 October 2018 }}</ref> |- | 43 | 2018 ! scope="row" |''[[सीताकाती]]'' | Ayya Aathimoolam |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=20 December 2018 |title='Seethakathi' review: Intriguing experiment with middling results |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/seethakathi-review-intriguing-experiment-with-middling-results/article25787139.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110070838/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/seethakathi-review-intriguing-experiment-with-middling-results/article25787139.ece |archive-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |- | 44 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[पेटटा]]'' | Jithu |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=10 January 2019 |title=Petta Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/petta/movie-review/67464901.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190110032229/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/petta/movie-review/67464901.cms |archive-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> |- | 45 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[सुपर डिलक्स]]'' | Shilpa (Manickam){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil |[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Vijay Sethupathi plays Shilpa in 'Super Deluxe' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-shilpa-in-super-deluxe-news-tamil-rjnjEGaciedbg.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616085104/http://www.sify.com//movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-shilpa-in-super-deluxe-news-tamil-rjnjEGaciedbg.html |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=16 June 2018 |publisher=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=National Awards: Vijay Sethupathi bags Best Supporting Actor for Super Deluxe; Thanks director Thiyagarajan {{!}} PINKVILLA|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/national-awards-vijay-sethupathi-bags-best-supporting-actor-super-deluxe-thanks-director-thiyagarajan-658431?amp|access-date=2021-03-22|website=www.pinkvilla.com|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519205241/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/national-awards-vijay-sethupathi-bags-best-supporting-actor-super-deluxe-thanks-director-thiyagarajan-658431?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 46 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[सिंधुबाद]]'' | Thiru |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=40 days shoot for Vijay Sethupathi's new film with Arun Kumar! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/40-days-shoot-for-vijay-sethupathis-new-film-with-arun-kumar-news-tamil-skxqtbccchaab.html |website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 47 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[मारकोनी मताई]]'' | Himself{{efn|Vijay Sethupathi featured as himself, an actor, who works as a radio jockey.}} |[[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=I'm playing myself in Jayaram's Marconi Mathai: Vijay Sethupathi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/apr/16/im-playing-myself-in-jayarams-marconi-mathai-vijay-sethupathi-11070.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |- | 48 | 2019 ! scope="row" | ''[[अवेंजर्स एंडगेम]]'' | [[Tony Stark|Tony Stark/Ironman]] (voice) |Tamil [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed]] version | | |- | 49 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[सई रा नरसिंह रेड्डी]]'' | Raaja Pandi |[[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=27 December 2017 |title=Vijay Sethupathi plays Chiranjeevi's aide in Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-chiranjeevi-s-aide-in-sye-raa-narasimha-reddy/story-u9EOpPgw1i4JTCyLTMH8fM.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616090840/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vijay-sethupathi-plays-chiranjeevi-s-aide-in-sye-raa-narasimha-reddy/story-u9EOpPgw1i4JTCyLTMH8fM.html |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 50 | 2019 ! scope="row" |''[[संगतमीलन]]'' | Sangatamizhan (Murugan){{efn|name=character}} |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Revealed: Sanga Thamizhan is the name of Vijay Sethupathi's film with Sketch director Vijay Chandar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/revealed-sanga-tamizhan-is-the-name-of-vijay-sethupathi-s-film-with-sketch-director-vijay-chandar-1487497-2019-03-27 |website=India Today}}</ref> |- | 51 | 2020 ! scope="row" |''[[ओ माई कडवुले]]'' | Kadavul |Tamil | Special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi to do a cameo in 'Oh My Kadavule' – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-do-a-cameo-in-oh-my-kadavule/articleshow/71614437.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 52 |2020 ! scope="row" |''[[का पे रणसिंगम]]'' |Ranasingam |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Sethupathi & Aishwarya's 'Ka Pae Ranasingam' to be screened at drive-in theatres|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/regional-indian-cinema/vijay-sethupathi-and-aishwarya-rajeshs-ka-pae-ranasingam.html|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Republic World}}</ref> |- | 53 | 2021 ! scope="row" |''[[मास्टर (2021 फिलिम)|मास्टर]]'' |Bhavani |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2019 |title=Vijay's Next Film Thalapathy 64 is Called Master, First Look Revealed on New Year's Eve |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijays-next-film-thalapathy-64-is-called-master-first-look-revealed-on-new-years-eve-2441501.html |website=News18}}</ref> |- | 54 | 2021 ! scope="row" |''[[कुटी सटोरी]]'' |Ninja Manick |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=நான்கு வருடங்களுக்குப் பிறகு வெளியாகும் இயக்குநர் நலன் குமாரசாமியின் படம் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2021/feb/02/vijay-sethupathis-kutty-story-directed-by-four-filmmakers-first-look-is-out-3555548.html |website=Dinamani}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-sethupathi-amala-paul-part-upcoming-tamil-anthology-kutti-love-story-142638|title=Vijay Sethupathi, Amala Paul part of upcoming Tamil anthology 'Kutti Love Story'|work=[[The News Minute]]|date=2 February 2021|access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref> |- | 55 | 2021 ! scope="row"|''[[उपेना]]'' | Rayanam |Telugu | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi signs his second film in Telugu – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-signs-his-second-film-in-telugu/articleshow/69081904.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 56 | 2021 ! scope="row"|''[[लाबम]]'' | Pakkiri Ravi | Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2019 |title=Shruti Haasan, Vijay Sethupathi to Work Together for the First Time in Tamil Film Laabam |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shruti-haasan-vijay-sethupathi-to-work-together-for-the-first-time-in-tamil-film-laabam-2113029.html |website=News18}}</ref> |- | 57 |2021 ! scope="row"|''[[तुगलग दरबार]]'' | Singara Velan |Tamil | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tughlaq Durbar begins with a pooja! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/tughlaq-durbar-begins-with-a-pooja-imagegallery-kollywood-tifkmggjifhfj.html |website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 58 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[आनाबेल सेतुपति]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} |Veera Sethupathi |Tamil |Completed; Ott release | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Taapsee and Vijay Sethupathi on a heritage trail in Jaipur |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/taapsee-and-vijay-sethupathi-on-a-heritage-trail-in-jaipur/articleshow/78114344.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 59 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[19 (1)(ए)]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Malayalam | Post Production | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-and-nithya-menen-come-together-for-a-malayalam-film-1731729-2020-10-15|title=Vijay Sethupathi and Nithya Menen come together for a Malayalam film|first1=Logesh|last1=Balach|first2=ran|last2=ChennaiOctober 15|first3=2020UPDATED|last3=October 15|first4=2020 11:09|last4=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> |- | 60 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[कडयसी विवसाई]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Post-production; special appearance | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi silently finished shooting for 'Kadaisi Vivasayi' |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-sethupathi-silently-finished-shooting-for-kadaisi-vivasayi-news-tamil-sjfkAKeihcbcc.html |website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 61 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[मामनीतन]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} |{{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2018 |title=Vijay Sethupathi begins shooting for Maamanithan |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-begins-shooting-for-maamanithan/articleshow/67104564.cms |access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref> |- | 62 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[यादुम ऊरे यावरम केलीर]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivekh and Vijay Sethupathi join hands for Yaadhum Oore Yaavarum Kelir |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/nov/15/vivekh-and-vijay-sethupathi-join-hands-for-yaadhum-oore-yaavarum-kelir-15513.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |- | 63 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''मुगीज्ञ'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Vijay Sethupathi shares trailer of daughter Sreeja's debut in 'Mugizh'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-vijay-sethupathi-shares-trailer-daughter-sreeja-s-debut-mugizh-140698%3famp|website=The News Minute|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518154415/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-vijay-sethupathi-shares-trailer-daughter-sreeja-s-debut-mugizh-140698?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 64 | 2021 ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[कातु वाकुला रेंडू कादल]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vignesh Shivan's 'Kaathuvaakula Rendu Kaadhal' shooting from August – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vignesh-shivans-kaathuvaakula-rendu-kaadhal-shooting-from-august/articleshow/75889568.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 65 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" | ''कोरोना कुमार'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming; cameo appearance | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi to come back again as Sumar Moonji Kumar? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-come-back-again-as-sumar-moonji-kumar/articleshow/76526629.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 66 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[विडूतले]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Vetrimaaran: In my film Kathainayagan is Soori and Kathanayagan is Vijay Sethupathi! |url= https://www.sify.com/movies/vetrimaaran-in-my-film-kathainayagan-is-soori-and-kathanayagan-is-vijay-sethupathi-news-tamil-vcefccihbffec.html|website=Sify}}</ref> |- | 67 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[विक्रम (आनेवाला फिलिम)|विक्रम]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |Tamil | Filming | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Vikram First look: Kamal Haasan, Vijay Sethupathi and Fahadh Faasil look menacing|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-first-look-kamal-haasan-vijay-sethupathi-and-fahadh-faasil-look-menacing/articleshow/84294290.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | 68 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''गांधी टोकस'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | Gandhi |[[Silent cinema|Silent]] | Filming | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-sethupathi-shares-first-look-poster-his-upcoming-film-gandhi-talks-141601</ref> |- | 69 | {{TBA}} ! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[मुंबईकार (फिलिम)|मुबंईकार]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | {{TBA}} |[[Hindi]] | Filming | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title= Karan Johar releases the poster of Vikrant Massey and Vijay Sethupathi's upcoming film 'Mumbaikar' |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-johar-releases-the-poster-of-vikrant-massey-and-vijay-sethupathis-upcoming-film-mumbaikar/articleshow/80060187.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> |} ==वेब सीरिज== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role(s) !Language(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 2021 | ''[[नवरसा]]'' | Dheena |[[तमील]] | [[Netflix]] series | |- |2021 !scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |Untitled web series with [[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.|Raj and D.K]]. with [[Raashi Khanna]]{{Dagger}} |{{TBA}} |[[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] |Filming |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saqib Ayub Filme Shilmy Interview {{!}} Brahmastra {{!}} Ranbir {{!}} Shahid Kapoor {{!}} Raj & DK {{!}} She {{!}} Bollywood - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOtKOPOmOqk|date=25 January 2021|access-date=1 February 2021|quote=Vijay Sethupathi to play in this web series is confirmed from 17:38 to 19:02|website=YouTube}}</ref> |} ==टेलीविजन== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col"|Title ! scope="col"|Role(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2006 ! scope="row" | ''[[पेन]]'' | Bharani | Main role: 195 episodes | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/full-of-pizzazz/article5145857.ece | title=Full of pizzazz! | work=The Hindu | last=Kamath | first=Sudhish | author-link=Sudhish Kamath | date=19 September 2013 | access-date=16 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616144054/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/full-of-pizzazz/article5145857.ece | archive-date=16 June 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130523/entertainment-kollywood/article/my-struggle-my-strength-vijay-sethupathi | title=My Struggle is my Strength: Vijay Sethupathi | work=Deccan Chronicle | last=Limitton | first=Teena | date=23 May 2013 | access-date=16 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035014/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130523/entertainment-kollywood/article/my-struggle-my-strength-vijay-sethupathi | archive-date=12 December 2013 | url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2019 ! scope="row" | ''[[नम्मा ऊर हीरा]]'' | Host | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-kicks-of-his-small-screen-journey-with-namma-ooru-hero/articleshow/67624084.cms | title=Vijay Sethupathi kicks of his small screen journey with 'Namma Ooru Hero' | work=The Times of India | date=21 January 2019 | access-date=23 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123062843/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-kicks-of-his-small-screen-journey-with-namma-ooru-hero/articleshow/67624084.cms? | archive-date=23 January 2019 | url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2021 ! scope="row" | ''[[मास्टरशेफ इंडिया तमील]]'' | Host | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-11|title=Vijay Sethupathi hosted MasterChef Tamil show to premiere on August 7|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-sethupathi-hosted-masterchef-tamil-show-to-premiere-on-august-7/articleshow/84850085.cms|access-date=2021-07-30|website=[[Times Of India]]|language=en-US| url-status=live}}</ref> |- |} ==मयूजिक वीडियो== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="filmography" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Role(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Performer(s) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 2015 ! scope="row" | "Tea Podu" | Himself |{{sort|Sundar|[[Gopi Sundar]]}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Anjala (film)|Anjala]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeQjQz0GDhY|title=Anjala - Tea Podu Video|date=14 December 2015|language=ta|publisher=[[Sony Music India]]|place=India|access-date=21 December 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- | 2016 ! scope="row" | "[[Spirit of Chennai]]" | Himself | C. Girinandh |{{Non-album single}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece | title=Celebrating the spirit of Chennai | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=9 January 2016 | access-date=22 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322103414/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece | archive-date=22 March 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2017 ! scope="row" | "Ain't No Sunshine" | Himself ||{{Sort|Raghavendra|Ganesh Raghavendra}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Merlin (2018 film)|Merlin]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDBiEImOocI|title=Merlin - Ain't No Sunshine - Promo Song - Vishnu Priyan, Aswini - Keera - Trend Music|date=16 February 2017|work=Trend Music}}</ref> |- | 2017 ! scope="row" | "Maatrangal Ondre Dhaan" | Himself |{{sort|Prasanna|[[Nivas K. Prasanna]]}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Kootathil Oruthan]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE6zm6OAghg|title=Maatrangal Ondre Dhaan ( Gift Song ) Feat. Nivas K Prasanna|date=20 June 2017|language=ta|publisher=[[Think Music India]]|place=India|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724083230/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE6zm6OAghg|archive-date=24 July 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- | 2020 ! scope="row" | "Machan Machan" | Himself |{{sort|Deva|[[Srikanth Deva]]}} | Promotional song for the film ''[[Sakthi Chidambaram|Machan]]'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/18-stars-converge-for-machan-machan-sakthi-chidambaram-08-05-13.html|title=18 stars converge for Machan, machan, Sakthi Chidambaram|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref><br><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ2M_LIcJcY</ref> |} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{commonscat|Vijay Sethupathi}} {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय पुरुष फिलिम एक्टर]] [[श्रेणी:1978 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{actor-stub}} alw2hy5cuplsb8vm1bbvltsonlpw0oh 0 46349 814132 763152 2026-11-06T15:51:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सब्यसाची चक्रवर्ती | image = Sabyasachi Chakrabarty - Kolkata 2016-07-29 5210.JPG | caption = 2016 में सब्यसाची चक्रवर्ती | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|09|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[कलकत्ता]], पच्छिम बंगाल, भारत | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | nationality = भारतीय | other_names = <!--Not for nicknames, please--> | citizenship = भारतीय | education = | alma_mater = [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Mehta Vidyalaya]];<br/>[[Andrew's High (H.S.) School]];<br/>[[Hansraj College]], [[University of Delhi]] | occupation = एक्टर | years_active = 1985–अभिन ले | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = [[Feluda in film|Feluda film series]];<br/>[[Kakababu in other media|Kakababu film series]] | style = | influences = | influenced = | home_town = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- {{height|m=}} --> | weight = <!-- {{convert|weight in kg|kg|lb}} --> | television = | spouse = मिठु चक्रवर्ती | partner = | children = [[Gaurav Chakrabarty|Gaurav]] and [[Arjun Chakrabarty|Arjun]]<ref name="Sabyasachi Chakrabarty BB">{{cite web|title=Sabyasachi Chakrabarty|url=http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/123764/Sabyasachi-Chakrabarty,-Actor,-Sons,-Family...|publisher=Bhalobasa.In|accessdate=28 April 2012}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | parents = Jagadish Chandra Chakrabarty (father)<br/> Monica Chakrabarty (mother) | relatives = | callsign = | awards = [[Kalakar Awards]], [[Anandalok Awards]] | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }} '''सब्यसाची चक्रवर्ती''' एक ठो [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारतीय फिलिम]] [[एक्टर]] बाने। {{clear}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{commonscat|Sabyasachi Chakrabarty}} {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय पुरुष फिलिम एक्टर]] [[श्रेणी:1956 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} ggh3ync3ki8bpi1mb4z66xqd687mb5n 0 46526 813944 733329 2026-11-06T12:58:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = शंकरगढ़ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = नगर | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|25|11|N|81|37|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[इलाहाबाद जिला|इलाहाबाद]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 17785 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = }} '''शंकरगढ़''' भारतीय राज्य उत्तर प्रदेश के [[इलाहाबाद जिला]] में एक ठो जगह आ ब्लाक मुख्यालय बा। ई [[इलाहाबाद]] शहर से दक्खिन दिसा में जमुना पार इलाका में पड़े ला। इहाँ के इलाका कुछ पहाड़ी हवे जे [[बिंध्याचल परबत|बिंध्याचल परबत श्रेणी]] के हिस्सा हवें। पथरीली जमीन के कारण इहाँ सिलिका सैंड के खनाई होला। शंकरगढ़ में एक ठो पुराना ज़माना के किला भी बा। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारतीय मानक समय]] * [[इलाहाबाद]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद जिला]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{UP-geo-stub}} 529x6zayuicc7yc2hakm1x03ma28smx 0 46689 814428 510147 2026-11-07T07:48:26Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = सेरो अर्माजोनेस | other_name = Cerro Armazones | photo = File:Eagle Eyes over Armazones.jpg | photo_size = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = सेरो अर्माजोनेस के हवाई दृश्य | elevation_m = 3064 | elevation_ref = | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | parent_peak = | range = चिली तटीय परबत श्रेणी | location = एंतोफगास्ता इलाका, [[चिली]] | coordinates = {{coord|24|35|21|S|70|11|32|W|type:mountain_region:CL_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | topo = | type = | volcanic_arc/belt= | age = | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = | listing = }} '''सेरो अर्माजोनेस''' दक्खिन अमेरिका के [[चिली]] देस में समुंद्री किनारा के सहारे मौजूद तटीय परबत श्रेणी पर एक ठो पहाड़ बाटे। ई चिली के शहर एंतोफगास्ता से लगभग {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} दक्खिन-पुरुब ओर बा। ई पहाड़ इहाँ लागे जा रहल खगोलीय दूरबीन खातिर चर्चा में बा काहें से कि ई [[यूरोपियन एक्सट्रीमली लार्ज टेलिस्कोप|सभसे बड़ दूरबीन]] होखी। जब एह दूरबीन के काम ना सुरू भइल रहल ओह समय एह पहाड़ के चोटी के ऊंचाई समुंद्र तल से लगभग {{convert|3,064|m|ft|0}} रहल।<ref>{{cite map |publisher= Defence Mapping Agency Topographic Center |title= Joint Operations Graphic|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-224571178-sg19-02.jpg |format=[[JPEG]]|year= 1974|scale=1 : 250,000 |series= 1501 |page=Sheet SG 19-2 |edition= 1st}}</ref> ई पहाड़ अपने ख़ास लोकेशन के कारण एह काम खातिर बीछल गइल बा काहें की इहाँ के रात के समय के आसमान साल 89% समय पर बिना बादर के, साफ रहे ला।<ref>{{cite journal |author=Schöck, M. |author2=Els, S. |author3=Riddle, R. |author4=Skidmore, W. |author5=Travouillon, T. |author6=Blum, R. |author7=Bustos, E. |author8=Chanan, G. |author9=Djorgovski, S. G. |author10=Gillett, P. |author11=Gregory, B. |author12=Nelson, J. |author13=Otárola, A. |author14=Seguel, J. |author15=Vasquez, J. |author16=Walker, A. |author17=Walker, D. |author18=Wang, L. |title=Thirty Meter Telescope Site Testing I: Overview|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |date=1 April 2009 |volume=121 |issue=878 |pages=384–395 |doi=10.1086/599287 |arxiv = 0904.1183 |bibcode = 2009PASP..121..384S }}</ref> वर्तमान में भी इहाँ मौजूद [[सेरो अर्माजोनेस बेधशाला]] में एक ठो {{convert|1.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} हेक्सोपोड दूरबीन (छह पाया वाली दूरबीन) लागल बा आ काम क रहल बाटे। 26 अप्रैल 2010 के [[यूरोपियन दक्खिनी बेधशाला]] के काउंसिल द्वारा एह पहाड़ के [[यूरोपियन एक्सट्रीमली लार्ज टेलिस्कोप]] के लगावे खातिर जगह के रूप में बीछल गइल।<ref name="ESO">{{cite news |date=26 अप्रैल 2010 |title=E-ELT Site Chosen |url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1018/ |publisher=[[यूरोपियन दक्खिनी बेधशाला]] |accessdate=26 April 2010 | location=Europe}}</ref> {{TOC}} {{clear}} == गैलरी == <gallery> File:Cerro Armazones night-time panorama.jpg|पहाड़ पर से रात के समय लिहल पैनोरमा File:Carving a Route to Armazones.jpg|बड़की दूरबीन लगावे खातिर रास्ता बनावल जात बा File:Ripples Across the Chilean Sky.jpg|रात में तारा सभ के भ्रमण के फोटो<ref>{{cite news|title=Ripples Across the Chilean Sky|url=http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1321a/|accessdate=29 मई 2013|newspaper=ESO Picture of the Week}}</ref> File:A VLT Auxiliary Telescope and Cerro Armazones.jpg|''वेरी लार्ज टेलिस्कोप'' (वीएलटी) के सहायक दूरबीन File:Sunset Cerro Armazones.jpg|पहाड़ से सुरुज डूबे के दृश्य File:From One "Alien World" to Another.jpg|360 पैनोरमा </gallery> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[यूरोपियन एक्सट्रीमली लार्ज टेलिस्कोप]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * [http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1018d/ Bird's view on Cerro Paranal and Cerro Armazones] [[श्रेणी:चिली के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:चिली]] [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन अमेरिका के भूगोल]] {{geo-stub}} c4f3apvlxu6xnq2akvlgdzz7a7vgtuu 0 47148 814106 733194 2026-11-06T15:48:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain range | name = सतपुड़ा परबत | photo = Pachmarhi valley Madhya Pradesh INDIA.jpg | photo_caption = [[पचमढ़ी घाटी]] | country = {{flag|भारत}} | state = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | state1 = [[महाराष्ट्र]] | state2 = [[छत्तीसगढ़]] | state3 = [[गुजरात]] | region = | border = | highest = [[धूपगढ़]] | elevation_m = 1350 | range_coordinates = {{coord|21|59|N|74|52|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:300000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates = {{coord|22|27|2|N|78|22|14|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline}} | length_km = | width_km = | length_orientation = पूरब-पच्छिम | width_orientation = उत्तर-दक्खिन | area_km2 = | geology = | orogeny = | period = | map_image = India Geographic Map.jpg | map_caption = भारत के टोपोग्राफिक नकसा पर बिचला हिस्सा में सतपुड़ा बाटे। | map_background = | map_location = | map_locator = }} '''सतपुड़ा''' मध्य भारत में एगो परबत श्रेणी बा जे दक्खिनी गुजरात से शुरू हो के महाराष्ट्र आ मध्य प्रदेश से होत छत्तीसगढ़ ले पहुँचे ले। एकर सभसे ऊँच चोटी धूपगढ़ बाटे आ ई पचमढ़ी नाँव के पर्यटन स्थल खातिर परसिद्ध बाटे। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[बिंध्य परबत श्रेणी]] * [[हिमालय]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{GeoSouthAsia}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के भूगोल]] {{India-geo-stub}} 3r9ersutr8rlmllwpc0j0vqx1522ca3 0 47155 814002 804280 2026-11-06T13:02:43Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = शिवाजी <!-- नोट: विकिपीडिया के नीति आदर सूचक टाइटिल न लिखे के हवे आ कई राजा लोग के सीधे नाँव लिखल जाला। एह ज्ञानसंदूक में "छत्रपति" मत जोड़ी, नाही त एकरा के हटा दिहल जाई। --> |image = Shivaji British Museum.jpg |caption = शिवाजी के चित्र (1680) ब्रिटिश म्यूजियम में। |succession = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]] 1st Sovereign (Chhatrapati) of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Realm]] |coronation = 6 जून 1674 |reign = 1674–1680 CE |predecessor = |successor = [[संभाजी]] |spouse = सईबाई (निंबालकर)<br>सोयाराबाई (मोहिते)<br />पुतलीबाई (पालकर)<br />सक्वारबाई (गायकवाड)<br />काशीबाई (जाधव)<br>लक्ष्मीबाई (विचारे)<br />सगुनाबाई (विचारे)<br />गुनवतीबाई (ईगळे)<br />सकवारबाई (गायकवाड)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=[by] Jadunath|title=Shivaji and his times|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13296|date=1973|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad [etc.]|isbn=9788125013471|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13296/page/n280 260]}}</ref> |issue = संभाजी, बेटा<br />राजाराम, बेटा<br />सखुबाई निंबालकर, बेटी<br /> रानुबाई जाधव, बेटी<br />अंबिकाबाई महाडिक, बेटी<br />राजकुमारी बाई शिर्के, बेटी |birth_date = c. अप्रैल 1627 / 19 फरवरी 1630]]<ref name="StuBritannica2000">{{cite book | editor=Indu Ramchandani | title=Student's Britannica: India (Set of 7 Vols.) 39 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPP7O3nb3g0C&pg=PA8 | year=2000 | publisher=Popular Prakashan | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | page=8 }}</ref> |birth_place = शिवनेरी किला, (वर्तमान में [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]]) |death_date = 3 अप्रैल 1680 |death_place = [[रायगड किला]], रायगड (वर्तमान में महाराष्ट्र में) |father = शाहजी भोंसले |mother = जीजाबाई }} '''शिवाजी भोंसले''' (c. 1627/1630 – 3 अप्रैल 1680), जिनके '''छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज''' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला, भोंसले मराठा बंस के भारतीय योद्धा राजा रहलें। बीजापुर के आदिलशाही सल्तनत से एक ठो हिस्सा जीत के आपन राज कायम कइलें जे बाद में मराठा साम्राज्य के नेंई बनल। रायगड में, साल 1674 उनके अपने राज के औपचारिक रूप से छत्रपति घोषित कइल गइल। शिबाजी एक ठो बढ़ियाँ से प्रशासित संस्था वाला, अनुशासित सेना वाला आ प्रगतिवादी नागरिक शासन के स्थापना कइलें। ऊ कई ठे मलेटरी रणनीति सभ के ईजाद कइलेन जेह में भूगोलीय स्थिति, गति आ अचरज के इस्तेमाल क के युद्ध में बिपक्षी पर लाभ के स्थिति हासिल करे के गैर-परंपरागत तरीका शामिल रहे। ऊ अपना से बड़ सेना पर सटीक जगह पर हमला का के जीत हासिल करे के कला बिकसित कइलेन। कई ठे प्राचीन हिंदू राजनीतिक आ दरबारी प्रथा सभ के दोबारा जिंदा कइलेन आ दरबारी कामकाज में फ़ारसी के जगह, मराठी आ संस्कृत के आगे बढ़ावे में प्रोत्साहन दिहलें। शिवाजी के विरासत के ढेर महत्व तब मिलल जब भारत के आजादी के लड़ाई में कई नेता लोग उनके राष्ट्रवादी आ हिंदू नेता के रूप में स्थापित कइल लोग। खासतौर से महाराष्ट्र में उनके इतिहास आ इतिहास में उनके भूमिका पर बहुत भावनात्मक जोर रहल बा। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[राणा प्रताप]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1680 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:मराठा राज]] {{bio-stub}} {{india-hist-stub}} qop3s0gyrlrjlv9h41xsnukfs8og5cq 0 47502 813948 753032 2026-11-06T12:58:47Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शजरा''' [[भारत]] आ पाकिस्तान में इस्तमाल होखे वाला एक तरह के कानूनी दस्तावेज हवे। ई कौनों गाँव के जमीन के नक्शा होला जेह में जमीन के कई छोट-छोट टुकड़ा में बाँट के हर एक के एक ठो नंबर दिहल गइल रहे ला। शजरा के [[खसरा]] के साथ मिला के देखल जाला। खसरा में हर नंबर के रकबा, मिल्कियत, फसल वगैरह के जानकारी रजिस्टर के रूप में दर्ज होले। ई पड़ताल के काम आ रजिस्टर में दर्ज करे के काम पटवारी करे ला। केहू परिवार के मुखिया के सगरी खसरा सभ के एकट्ठा जानकारी के [[खतौनी]] कहल जाला। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[खसरा]] * [[भूलेख]] [[श्रेणी:भारत में जमीन कानून]] [[श्रेणी:जमीन उपयोग]] {{law-stub}} 88yhzhnf0o3j3jvv2ii5zuyskmerkei 0 47541 813737 777358 2026-11-06T12:07:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} [[File:World Map of Web Index 2014.svg|thumb|300px|alt=बिस्व के नक्सा पर अलग अलग रंग से देखावल जानकारी|2010 के दशक के दौरान बिस्व में वल्ड वाइड वेब के उपलब्धता।]] '''''वल्ड वाइड बेब''''' (World Wide Web) आ '''WWW''' एगो गयान आ जनकारी के दुनिया हवे जेह में बिबिध परकार के दस्तावेज आ बेब सनसाधन सभ ''[[यूनिफ़ॉर्म रिसोर्स लोकेटर]] ([[यूआरएल]])'' दवारा पहिचानल जालेन, ''[[हाइपरटेक्स्ट प्रोटोकॉल]]'' दवारा आपस में जुड़ल रहेलेन, आ [[इंटरनेट]] के से इनहन ले पहुँचल जा सकेला। अंग्रेज बैज्ञानिक टीम बर्नर्स ली एकर खोज 1989 में कइले रहुवेन आ जब ऊ [[स्विट्जरलैंड]] में सर्न में नियुक्त रहलें, 1990 में वेब ब्राउजर खातिर प्रोग्राम लिखलेन। 1991 में एकरा के सर्न से बाहर रिलीज कइल गइल आ अगस्त 1991 में ई इंटरनेट पर पबलिक खातिर उपलध भइल। आजू के इन्फार्मेशन जुग के बनावे में ब''ल्ड बाइड बेब'' के बहुत महतव आला जोगदान रहल बा। बरतमान में करोड़ों लोग एही से इंटरनेट के साथ जुड़ल बा। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[इंटरनेट]] * [[ई मेल]] * [[गूगल]] [[श्रेणी:वल्ड वाइड वेब| ]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] {{internet-stub}} iif3jz9i113418stz243almd16ybgay 0 47559 813754 766006 2026-11-06T12:08:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* प्रयोगकर्ता सांख्यिकी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dot-com company | name = वाट्सएप इंक॰ | logo = WhatsApp logo.svg | collapsible = | screenshot = | caption = | dissolved = | location = माउंटेन व्यू, [[कैलिफोर्निया]], [[यूनाइटेड स्टेट्स]] | locations = | founder = {{Unbulleted list|जान कुम|ब्रायन एक्शन}} | chairman = | chairperson = | president = | CEO = जान कुम | MD = | GM = | industry = | products = | services = | revenue = | assets = | equity = | owner = | parent = [[फेसबुक]] | divisions = | url = {{URL|whatsapp.com}} | ipv6 = | advertising = | registration = | language = | footnotes = | logo_size = 250px | company_type = सब्सिडरी | traded_as = | foundation = {{Start date and age|2009|2|24}} | incorporated = | area_served = | key_people = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = 50<ref>{{cite web|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Why WhatsApp Only Needs 50 Engineers for Its 900M Users|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/09/whatsapp-serves-900-million-users-50-engineers/|website=Wired|publisher=Condé Nast|accessdate=2 August 2016|date=15 September 2015}}</ref> | subsid = | company_slogan = | programming_language = | website_type = | num_users = | launch_date = | current_status = | collapsetext = | intl = }} '''वाट्स एप मैसेंजर''' (WhatsApp Messenger) एगो फ्री सॉफ्टवेयर हवे जे [[स्मार्टफोन]] पर एप्लीकेशन के रूप में चले ला आ तुरंत सनेसा भेजे के सुबिधा देला।<ref name="metz-wired">{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/forget-apple-vs-fbi-whatsapp-just-switched-encryption-billion-people/|title=Forget Apple vs. the FBI: WhatsApp Just Switched on Encryption for a Billion People|publisher = Condé Nast | work=Wired (magazine) | first = Cade | last = Metz | date = 5 अप्रैल 2016 | accessdate=13 मई 2016}}</ref> ई [[इंटरनेट]] के इस्तेमाल क के तुरंत सनेसा (पाठ के रूप में) भेजे, कॉल करे, बीडियो काल करे, फोटो, एनीमेशन, डाकुमेंट, प्रयोगकर्ता के लोकेशन आ फोन कांटेक्ट भेजे के सुबिधा देला।<ref>{{Citation | url = http://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/whatsapp-voice-calling-now-open-to-all-android-users-report-669693| title = Voice calling | date = March 12, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="WhatsApp's Voice Calling">{{cite web|title= WhatsApp Voice Calling |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2015/04/07/facebooks-whatsapp-voice-calling | date= April 4, 2015 }}</ref> एकरा खातिर पहिचानक के रूप में [[मोबाइल फोन|सेलुलर फोन]] के नंबर के इस्तेमाल करे ला। ई एप्लीकेशन मोबाइल यंत्र सभ प चले ला हालाँकि, एकरा के डेस्कटॉप कंप्यूटर से भी एक्सेस कइल जा सके ला, ई सेलफोन नेटवर्क के नंबर सभ के इस्तेमाल क के एक दुसरे से कनेक्ट होखे के सुबिधा देला। मूल रूप में एह सुबिधा के द्वारा दू ब्यक्ति आपस में या कई लोग ग्रुप बना के आपस में संबाद क सकत रहे, सितंबर 2017 में ह्वाट्सएप द्वारा घोषणा कइल गइल कि अब एगो नया बिजनेस प्लेटफार्म के जरिये कंपनी सभ एकरे द्वारा [[कस्टमर केयर]] सुबिधा भी उपलब्ध करा सके लीं<ref name="whatsapp.com">{{cite web|url=https://blog.whatsapp.com/10000633/Building-for-People-and-Now-Businesses|title=Building for People, and Now Businesses|website=WhatsApp.com}}</ref> वाट्सएप पर भेजल जाए वाला सगरी डेटा (सनेसा, फोटो, बीडियो, फाइल वगैरह) एंड-टू-एंड एनक्रिप्शन के इस्तेमाल से सुरक्षित होखे ला। वाट्सएप के ज्यादातर उपभोक्ता माउंटेन व्यू, कैलिफोर्निया में स्थित ''वाट्सएप इंक॰'' द्वारा बनावल गइल रहलें हालाँकि, फरवरी 2014 में एकरा के [[फेसबुक]] द्वारा लगभग US$19.3 बिलियन (अरब) अमेरिकी डालर में कीन लिहल गइल।<ref name="wsj20140220">{{cite news|last1 = Albergotti|first1 = Reed|title = Facebook's $18 Billion Deal Sets High Bar|newspaper = दि वाल स्ट्रीट जर्नल|date = 20 फरवरी 2014|last2 = MacMillan|first2 = Douglas|last3 = Rusli|first3 = Evelyn M.|pages = A1, A6}}</ref><ref name="fb-buyout">{{cite press release |title= Facebook to Acquire WhatsApp |url= http://newsroom.fb.com/News/805/Facebook-to-Acquire-WhatsApp | date= February 19, 2014 }}</ref> फरवरी 2016 ले, वाट्स एप के प्रयोगकर्ता आधार (यूजर बेस) लगभग एक अरब हो चुकल रहल<ref name="Metz-2016-04-05"/> आ एह तरीका से ई आभासी (वर्चुअल) समुदाय सभ में सभसे पापुलर, या आसान भाषा में अपना समय के सभसे पापुलर मेसेजिंग एप बन चुकल रहल।<ref name="Metz-2016-04-05"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/09/11/facebook-incs-whatsapp-hits-900-million-users-what.aspx|title=Facebook Inc.'s WhatsApp Hits 900 Million Users: What Now?|author=Leo Sun|date=सितंबर 11, 2015|work=The Motley Fool}}</ref> वाट्स एप के बढ़ती कई देसन में तेजी से भइल जेह में ब्राजील, भारत आ यूरोप के बहुत बड़ा हिस्सा सामिल बा।<ref name="Metz-2016-04-05">{{cite web|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Forget Apple vs. the FBI: WhatsApp Just Switched on Encryption for a Billion People|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/forget-apple-vs-fbi-whatsapp-just-switched-encryption-billion-people/|website=Wired|publisher=Condé Nast|accessdate=अप्रैल 5, 2016|date=अप्रैल 5, 2016}}</ref> == प्रयोगकर्ता सांख्यिकी == 22 अप्रैल 2014 तक ले, वाट्सएप के लगभग 500 मिलियन से ढेर माहवार सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता रहलें, 700 मिलयन फोटो आ 100 मिलियन बीडियो रोजाना शेयर कइल जात रहलें, आ हरदिन ई सनेसा सुबिधा 10 बिलियन से ढेर सनेसा हैंडिल क रहल रहे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/technology-others/whatsapp-crosses-half-a-billion-user-mark-strong-growth-in-india-and-brazil/|title=WhatsApp crosses half-a-billion user mark; strong growth in India and Brazil|date=अप्रैल 23, 2014|work=दि इंडियन एक्सप्रेस}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=WhatsApp Hits 500 Million Users|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2014/04/22/whatsapp-hits-500-million-users/|work=[[फोर्ब्स]]|accessdate=मई 14, 2014|author=Amit Chowdhry}}</ref> 24 अगस्त 2014 के, कूम द्वारा [[ट्विटर]] पर घोषणा कइल गइल कि पूरा दुनिया भर में वाट्सएप के 600 मिलियन से ढेर सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता बाड़ें। ई ऊ समय रहल जब रोज 25 मिलियन प्रयोगकर्ता लोग वाट्स एप से हर महीना जुड़ रहल रहे, यानी कि 833,000 सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता रोज जुड़ रहल रहे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailydigestnews.com/2014/09/whatsapp-to-reach-3-billion-users-zuckerberg-to-invest-billions/|title=WhatsApp to reach 3 billion users, Zuckerberg to invest billions|author=Christian de Looper|publisher=''Daily Digest News''|date=सितंबर 6, 2014|accessdate=सितंबर 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907052426/http://dailydigestnews.com/2014/09/whatsapp-to-reach-3-billion-users-zuckerberg-to-invest-billions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> कुल दुनिया के 10%, मने कि 65 मिलियन प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के साथ [[भारत]] एह मामिला में नमर एक प रहल।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.economictimes.com/articleshow/44141070.cms|title=Google planning to launch own mobile messaging app similar to WhatsApp|author=Jayadevan PK|publisher=''The Economic Times''|date=अक्टूबर 3, 2014|accessdate=अक्टूबर 3, 2014}}</ref> मई 2017 ई रिपोट कइल गइल कि वाट्स एप के प्रयोगकर्ता लोग औसतन 646 साल के समय के बराबर समय बीडियो काल में बिता रहल रहे<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://smattgeeksmedia.com/news/whatsapp-users-spend-average-646-years-video-calls/|title=Whatsapp users spend an average of 646 years on video calls|date=2017-05-09|work=Smatt Geeks Media|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308232541/https://smattgeeksmedia.com/news/whatsapp-users-spend-average-646-years-video-calls/|url-status=dead}}</ref> मने कि 340 मिलियन मिनट रोज एह एप पर बीडियो काल में बितावत रहल। फरवरी 2017 ले, वाट्सएप के 1.2 बिलियन प्रयोगकर्ता भ चुकल रहे लोग।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/1/10889534/whats-app-1-billion-users-facebook-mark-zuckerberg|title=WhatsApp has grown to 1 billion users|last=Statt|first=Nick|date=2016-02-01|website=The Verge|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[स्नैपचैट]] * [[फेसबुक मैसेंजर]] * [[वाइबर]] * [[यूट्यूब]] * [[पिनटेरेस्ट]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|WhatsApp}} *{{Official website|WhatsApp}} [[श्रेणी:सोशल मीडिया]] idgnxd1vgj0asl2miy9vd45gv18ba1b 0 47583 813749 785015 2026-11-06T12:08:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox software |name = Viber |logo = [[File:Viber logo.svg|150px]] |screenshot = |caption = Viber call and contacts in an outdated version |author = Viber Media | developer = [[Rakuten|Rakuten Inc.]] |released = {{start date and age|2010|12|2}} | ver layout = stacked | status = Active | programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]]/[[C++]]/[[Python (programming language)|Python]] (desktop, using [[SIP (software)|SIP]] and [[Qt (software)|Qt]] frameworks), [[Objective-C]] (iOS), [[Java (programming language)|Java]] (Android) |operating system = [[Cross-platform]] |language = 30 languages<ref name="Supported Languages">{{cite web |title = Supported Languages |url = http://helpme.viber.com/Knowledgebase/List/Index/51/supported-languages |publisher = Viber |accessdate = 30 January 2014 |archive-date = 3 February 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140203010224/http://helpme.viber.com/Knowledgebase/List/Index/51/supported-languages |url-status = dead }}</ref> |genre = [[Instant messaging client]] & [[VoIP]] |license = [[Free software|Freeware]], [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] |website = {{URL|https://www.viber.com}} }} '''वाइबर''' (Viber) एगो फ्री एप्लीकेशन बा जे क्रास-प्लेटफार्म तुरंत संदेस सुबिधा देला। ई इजराइल के कंपनी वाइबर मीडिया द्वारा बनावल गइल आ एकरे बाद जापानी कंपनी राकुतेन द्वारा खरीद लिहल गइल। संदेस भेजे के अलावा प्रयोगकर्ता लोग फाइल ट्रांसफर के माध्यम से फोटो, बीडियो वगैरह भी साझा क सके ला। दिसंबर 2016 तक ले वाइबर पर 80 करोड़ रजिस्टर्ड प्रयोगकर्ता लोग रहल।<ref name="techcrunch.com">https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/09/viber-follows-messenger-with-the-launch-of-public-accounts-for-businesses-and-brands/</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[फेसबुक]] * [[फेसबुक मैसेंजर]] * [[वाट्स एप]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * {{official website|https://www.viber.com/}} [[श्रेणी:सोशल मीडिया]] {{internet-stub}} kr444x9spat29f58hfjvg3kp3f9a1vd 0 47589 813896 753115 2026-11-06T12:55:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox software | name = WeChat | logo = | screenshot = | caption = | developer = <nowiki>Tencent Holdings Limited]]</nowiki> | released = {{Start date and age|2011|01|21|df=no}} | ver layout = stacked | latest preview version = {{Multiple releases | branch1 = Android | version1 = 6.5.7 | date1 = {{release date and age|2017|03|30}}<ref>{{cite web |title=WeChat |url=http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/wechat-tencent/wechat/ |website=APKMirror |publisher=''Android Police'' |date=अप्रैल 2, 2017 |accessdate=मार्च 30, 2017}}</ref>}} | status = Active | operating system = क्रास-प्लेटफार्म | language = कई भाषा (52) | genre = तुरंत संदेस, पेमेंट | license = फ्री सॉफ्टवेयर, प्रोप्राइटरी | website = {{URL|http://www.wechat.com/en/}} (इंटरनेशनल)<br>{{URL|http://weixin.qq.com/}} (चीन) }} '''वीचैट''' (WeChat; चीनी भाषा: 微信) चीनी सोशल मीडिया हवे। एह पर तुरंत संदेस, सामग्री साझा करे, आ इलेक्ट्रानिक पेमेंट वगैरह के सुबिधा उपलब्ध बा। ई साल 2011 में पहिली बेर रिलीज भइल आ महीनावार प्रयोगकर्ता के हिसाब से ई साल 2017 ले दुनिया के टॉप सोशल एप में से एक बन चुकल बा<ref>[http://www.techinasia.com/messaging-apps-should-reveal-monthly-active-users/ It's time for messaging apps to quit the bullshit numbers and tell us how many users are active]. techinasia.com. January 23, 2014. Steven Millward.</ref> आ 938 मिलियन (93.8 करोड़) सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता लोग बा।<ref>{{cite news|title=Tencent reports 58% profit surge on strong Q1 driven by WeChat and gaming|url=http://technode.com/2017/05/18/tencent-reports-58-profit-surge-on-strong-q1-driven-by-wechat-and-gaming/|work=TechNode|date=18 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://technode.com/2017/04/24/wechat-user-business-ecosystem-report-2017/|title=WeChat User & Business Ecosystem Report 2017|date=2017-04-24|website=TechNode|access-date=2017-05-06}}</ref> हालाँकि, इहो देखल गइल बा कि साल 2017 तक ले भी ई चीन से बाहर के मार्केट में जगह बनावे में नाकाम रहल बाटे।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/983693ac-1543-11e7-b0c1-37e417ee6c76|title=WeChat offers UK groups platform to sell goods in China|last=Murgia|first=Madhumita|date=2017-03-31|website=Financial Times|page=18|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-31|subscription=Y}}</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[फेसबुक]] * [[फेसबुक मैसेंजर]] * [[वाइबर]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * [http://weixin.qq.com/ Official WeChat website] * [https://www.wechat.com/en/ Official WeChat English website] * [https://pay.weixin.qq.com/index.php/public/wechatpay Official WeChat Pay English website] [[श्रेणी:सोशल मीडिया]] [[श्रेणी:चीनी आविष्कार]] [[श्रेणी:मोबाइल बैंकिंग]] {{internet-stub}} ds7rxxy1c73b0krbg4yzxj87fhjvdaq 0 47671 814014 763743 2026-11-06T13:03:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शेखर: एक जीवनी''' [[सच्चिदानंद वात्स्यायन|अज्ञेय]] के लिखल उपन्यास हवे जे दू भाग में छपल बा। पहिला भाग के प्रकाशन 1941 में भइल। मूल रूप से ई उपन्यास तीन भाग में लिखल गइल रहे, जब अज्ञेय दिल्ली षडयंत्र केस में जेल में बंद रहलें, तीसरा भाग कबो छपल ना काहें कि जेलर एकर हाथ से लिखल प्रति जब्त क लिहलें आ लवटवलें ना। उपन्यास में "शेखर" नाँव के एगो ब्यक्ति के जीवन के बिकास देखावल गइल बा आ एह बिकास के क्रम के मनोबैज्ञानिक बिस्लेषण कइल गइल बा। कई लोग ई माने ला कि उपन्यास के रूप में शेखर अज्ञेय के खुद के जीवन कथा हवे। हालाँकि, उपन्यास के भूमिका में आ बाद में भी अज्ञेय खुद कहलें कि एह में उनके जीवन से बहुत समानता बा, बाकिर पात्र के बिकास के साथ-साथ ऊ अलग होखत चल गइल बा।<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|last1=द्विवेदी|first1=अमरेश|title=अज्ञेय के तीन अहम उपन्यास|url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2011/03/110306_agyeya_amresh_vv.shtml|website=bbc.com/hindi|publisher=बीबीसी हिंदी|accessdate=27 जून 2017|language=hi|date=6 मार्च 2011}}</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * ''[[नदी के द्वीप]]'' ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * [http://rajkamalprakashan.com/raj/novels/shekhar-ek-jeevani-513 शेखर: एक जीवनी] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608011900/http://rajkamalprakashan.com/raj/novels/shekhar-ek-jeevani-513 |date=2017-06-08 }}, परिचय, राजकमल प्रकाशन के वेबसाइट पर। {{In lang|hi}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी भाषा के उपन्यास]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय उपन्यास]] {{novel-stub}} 3o321yluzdvifb6i61qe6oog0ioaoug 10 47726 814092 627921 2026-11-06T14:59:47Z SM7 3953 लाल कड़ी 814092 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Note: The following is a list of links to Infobox templates that apply to all areas of the world, so it can be transcluded in other documentation such as Location map Africa, Location map Bolivia, etc. Infobox templates for specific areas (Infobox UK feature, Infobox UK place, Infobox London station, Infobox motorway services, etc.) have been added directly to the See also section of the Location map documentation ([[Template:Location map/doc]]). -->{{hidden|style=border:#aaa 1px solid| headerstyle = text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; background:#EEE; |1=List |2= * [[Template:Geobox]] * [[Template:Infobox academic division]] * [[Template:Infobox aerial lift line]] * [[Template:Infobox airport]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>pushpin_relief</tt>) and <tt>AlternativeMap</tt> (via <tt>pushpin_image</tt>) * [[Template:Infobox ancient site]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox aqueduct]] * [[Template:Infobox artwork]] * [[Template:Infobox Australia state or territory]] * [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] * [[Template:Infobox beach]] * [[Template:Infobox body of water]] * [[Template:Infobox bridge]] * [[Template:Infobox building]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox business park]] * [[Template:Infobox casino]] * [[Template:Infobox castrum]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>map_relief</tt>) * [[Template:Infobox cave]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox cemetery]] * [[Template:Infobox civil conflict]] <!-- * [[Template:Infobox climbing area]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox climbing route]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt>--> * [[Template:Infobox church]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox concentration camp]]--> * [[Template:Infobox convention center]] <!-- * [[Template:Infobox cycling championship]]--> * [[Template:Infobox dam]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox desalination plant]] * [[Template:Infobox disputed islands]] <!-- * [[Template:Infobox earthquakes in date]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox Egyptian tomb]]--> * [[Template:Infobox factory]] * [[Template:Infobox fault]] * [[Template:Infobox forest]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine]]--> * [[Template:Infobox glacier]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (displays relief image unless <tt>map_relief=0</tt>) <!-- * [[Template:Infobox golf facility]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt>--> * [[Template:Infobox Hindu temple]] * [[Template:Infobox historic site]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>map_relief</tt>) <!-- * [[Template:Infobox holiday camp]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox holocaust event]]--> * [[Template:Infobox hospital]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox hut]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox Icelandic municipality]]--> * [[Template:Infobox islands]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox landform]] * [[Template:Infobox lighthouse]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox Manchester Metrolink station]]--> * [[Template:Infobox military conflict]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>map_relief</tt>) * [[Template:Infobox military installation]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>map_relief</tt>) * [[Template:Infobox military operation]] <!-- * [[Template:Infobox mill building]]--> * [[Template:Infobox mine]] * [[Template:Infobox mining]] * [[Template:Infobox monastery]] * [[Template:Infobox monument]] <!-- * [[Template:Infobox motorway services]]--> * [[Template:Infobox mountain]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (displays relief image unless <tt>map_relief=0</tt>) * [[Template:Infobox mountain pass]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (displays relief image unless <tt>map_relief=0</tt>) * [[Template:Infobox museum]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>map_relief</tt>) <!-- * [[Template:Infobox New York City Subway station]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox New Zealand suburbs]]--> * [[Template:Infobox observatory]] * [[Template:Infobox oil field]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox oil refinery]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox park]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox port]] * [[Template:Infobox power station]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox presidential library]] * [[Template:Infobox prison]] * [[Template:Infobox protected area]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox pyramid]]--> * [[Template:Infobox rail accident]] * [[Template:Infobox reactor]] * [[Template:Infobox religious building]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox residential college]] * [[Template:Infobox restaurant]] * [[Template:Infobox river]] * [[Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality]] * [[Template:Infobox school]] <!-- * [[Template:Infobox Scottish island]]--> * [[Template:Infobox sedimentary basin]] * [[Template:Infobox settlement]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> (via <tt>pushpin_relief</tt>) and <tt>AlternativeMap</tt> (via <tt>pushpin_image</tt>) <!-- * [[Template:Infobox Shinto shrine]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox ski area]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox South African town]]--> <!-- * [[Template:Infobox Spanish missions in the Americas]]--> * [[Template:Infobox sports rivalry]] * [[Template:Infobox spring]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox station]] * [[Template:Infobox street]] * [[Template:Infobox superfund]] * [[Template:Infobox terrestrial impact site]] * [[Template:Infobox transmitter]] * [[Template:Infobox tunnel]] * [[Template:Infobox valley]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox waterfall]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox waterlock]] * [[Template:Infobox university]] * [[Template:Infobox urban feature]] * [[Template:Infobox venue]] * [[Template:Infobox wildfire]] * [[Template:Infobox World Heritage Site]] — alternative map support: <tt>relief</tt> * [[Template:Infobox WorldScouting]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] </noinclude> p1xia57zmu1hxxhp2v55j3yorlv4pli 0 47938 814059 775045 2026-11-06T13:42:37Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814059 wikitext text/x-wiki व्याकरण में '''संधि''' दू गो शब्दखंड (morpheme) चाहे शब्द (word) सभ के जोड़ के समय उच्चारण में होखे वाला बदलाव हवे। शब्दखंड चाहे शब्द एक के बाद एक आवे लें तब उनहन के जोड़ के एक-साथे होखे वाला उच्चारण में कुछ बदलाव हो जाला। ई बदलाव [[भाषा बिज्ञान]] में ध्वनिबिज्ञान (बिसेस रूप से morphology) के तहत पढ़ल-पढ़ावल जाला आ [[संस्कृत व्याकरण]] में संधि के अंतर्गत एकर बिबरन आ ब्याख्या कइल जाले। संधि मुख्य रूप से [[संस्कृत]] भाषा आ अउरी कई भारतीय भाषा सभ के बिसेसता हवे। एकरे अलावा अइसन बदलाव कुछ उत्तरी जर्मनिक भाषा सभ में भी देखे के मिले लें। [[संस्कृत व्याकरण|संस्कृत ब्याकरण]] में संधि के पाँच प्रकार में बाँटल गइल बा: अच् संधि, प्रकृतिभाव, हल् संधि, विसर्ग संधि अउरी स्वादिसंधि। ==अरथ== [[संस्कृत व्याकरण]] संधि शब्द के उत्पत्ती सम् + धि से बतावल जाले। [[पाणिनि]] के ''[[अष्टाध्यायी]]'' में दू तरह के चीज बतावल गइल बा: '''संहिता''' आ '''संयोग'''। वर्ण सभ के बहुत निकटता के संहिता कहल गइल बा। सूत्र '''परः संनिकर्षः संहिता''' (अष्टा. 1। 4। 108) के लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी में व्याख्या कइल गइल बा: ''वर्णानामतिशयितः सन्निधिः संहिता-संज्ञः स्यात्।'' अतिशय सन्निधि यानी नजदीकी के अरथ बतावल जाला कि दू गो वर्ण सभ के बीच में आधी मात्रा से बेसी के व्यवधान ना होखे तब एकरा के संहिता कहल जाला।<ref name="भीमसेन">शास्त्री, भीमसेन (2000). ''लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी: भैमी व्याख्या''. 4था संस्करण. भैमी प्रकाशन, दिल्ली. pp. 31</ref> संयोग के परिभाषा{{efn|सूत्र '''हलोऽनन्तरा संयोगः''' (अष्टा. 1। 1। 7) ''अज्भिरव्यवहिता हलः संयोग-संज्ञाः स्युः'' - लघुसिद्धांतकौमुदी।}} दिहल जाले कि जब दू गो हल् (व्यंजन वर्ण) के बीच स्वर वर्ण न होखे। एही संहिता आ संयोग से संधि होला।<ref name="भीमसेन" /> संहिता कब कइल जाय एकरा खाती बिधान बा कि जब एकही पद होखे, धातु आ उपसर्ग (जोड़े) में आ समास में हमेशा संहिता करे के चाहीं, वाक्य में ई वक्ता (लेखक) के मर्जी पर बा कि ऊ संहिता करे या ना करे। ==संस्कृत में== ===अच् संधि=== पाणिनीय व्याकरण में [[प्रत्याहार|अच् प्रत्याहार]] के तहत संस्कृत भाषा के वर्णमाला के सगरी स्वर आवे लें। जब दू गो स्वर वर्ण एक दुसरे के साथ मेल करें भा जुड़ाव होखे आ उच्चारण में कुछ बदलाव होखे, अइसन संधि के अच् संधि कहल जाला। एकरा के हिंदी, भोजपुरी आदि में स्वर संधि कहल जाला। अच् संधि के बिधान करे वाला कुछ सूत्र आ उनहन के उदाहरण नीचे दिहल गइल बा: {| class="wikitable" |- ! सूत्र !! अर्थ !! उदाहरण |- | '''इकोयणचि''' (6। 1। 74)|| इक् प्रत्याहार के वर्ण सभ (इ, उ, ऋ, ऌ) के स्थान पर यण् प्रत्याहार के अक्षर (य्, व्, र्, ल्) हो जालें अगर उनहन के बाद अच् यानी कौनों स्वर आवे। || सुधी + उपास्यः = सुद्ध्युपास्यः |- | '''एचोऽयवायावः''' (6। 1। 75)|| एच् (ए, ओ, ऐ, औ) के स्थान पर क्रम से अय्, अव्, आय्, आव् हो जाला अगर उनहन के बाद कौनों स्वर होखे। || हरे + ए = (हर + अय + ए) हरये |- | '''आद् गुणः''' (6। 1। 84)|| अ के बाद कौनों स्वर आवे पर, दुन्नो के स्थान पर गुण (अ, ए, ओ) हो जाला। || उप + इन्द्रः = उपेन्द्रः |- | '''वृद्धिरेचि''' (6। 1। 85)|| अ के बाद एच् (ए, ओ, ऐ, औ) आवे पर, दुन्नो के स्थान पर गुण (आ, ऐ, औ) हो जाला। || कृष्ण + एकत्वम् = कृष्णैकत्वम् |- | '''अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः''' (6। 1। 97)|| अक् (अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ऌ) इनहना के सवर्ण आवे पर, दुन्नो के स्थान पर दीर्घ स्वर (आ, ई, ऊ, ॠ, ॡ) हो जाला। || दैत्य + अरिः = दैत्यारिः |} ===प्रकतिभाव=== कुछ दशा में अक्षर सभ के जोड़ होखे के बावजूद कौनों बदलाव ना होखे ला। अइसन जोड़ सभ के प्रकृतिभाव<ref name="Shastri">{{cite book|author=स्वामी धरानन्द शास्त्री|title=लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी - वरदराज विरचित|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HdmfQ5D_yy8C&pg=PT74|publisher=मोतीलाल बनारसीदास प्रकाशन|isbn=978-81-208-2214-6|pages=74–}}</ref> कहल गइल बा आ कई पाणिनीय सूत्र सभ द्वारा एह दशा सभ के बतावल गइल बाटे। लघुसिद्धांतकौमुदी नियर आसान ग्रंथ सभ में एकरा के अच्सन्धि में रख दिहल गइल बा हालाँकि, सिद्धांतकौमुदी में एकरा खाती अलग प्रकरण बा आ ई पञ्चसन्धि सभ में गिनल जाला। प्रकृतिभाव संधि के मुख्य उदाहरण बाटे: '''प्लुतप्रगृह्या अचि नित्यम्''' (6। 1। 125), मने कि प्लुत आ प्रगृह्य सभ के बाद स्वर आवे पर हमेशा प्रकृति भाव (जइसे के तइसन) रह जाला। उदाहरण हवे "हरी एतौ"। "प्रगृह्य" एगो संज्ञा (नाँव) हवे जेकर परिभाषा '''ईदूदेद्द्विवचनं प्रगृह्यम्''' (1। 1। 11) सूत्र से आवे ले कि ई ऊ ए से समाप्त होखे वाला द्विवचन वाला रूप सभ के प्रगृह्य कहल जाला। अइसहीं अउरी कई किसिम के प्रगृह्य परिभाषित कइल गइल बाड़ें। '''इकोऽसवर्णे शाकल्यस्य ह्रस्वश्च''' (6। 1। 127) पद के अंत में इक होखे आ ओकरे बाद सवर्ण आवे तब प्रकृतिभाव विकल्प से होला; शाकल्य मुनि के मत अनुसार इहाँ लघु रूप (ह्रस्व) भी हो सके ला। एह तरीका से "चक्रि अत्र" आ "चक्र्यत्र" दुनों रूप बने लें। एही तरह से, '''ऋत्यकः''' (6। 1। 128) से "ब्रह्मर्षि" रूप सिद्ध होला। '''दूराद्धूते च''' (8। 2। 84) मने कि दूर से बोलावे के समय प्लुत (कौनों स्वर के खींच के लंबा समय तक उच्चारण) होखे के दशा में संधि ना प्रकृति भावहोला। '''मय उञो वो वा''' (8। 3। 33) सूत्र से "किमु उक्तम्" (प्रकृतिभाव) चाहे "किम्वुक्तम्" (विकल्प से संधि) रूप सिद्ध होलें। ===हल् संधि=== जब दू गो [[प्रत्याहार|हल् (व्यंजन वर्ण)]] आपस में मेल करें आ उनहन के उच्चारण में बदलाव होखे तब हल् संधि (व्यंजन संधि) होला। नीचे पाणिनीय व्याकरण के कुछ प्रमुख सूत्र आ उनहन के उदाहरण दिहल जात बा: {| class="wikitable" |- ! सूत्र !! अरथ !! उदाहरण |- | '''स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः''' || सकार अउरी तवर्ग के बाद अगर शकार चाहे चवर्ग के वर्ण आवें तब उनहन के जगह पर शकार आ चवर्ग हो जाला। || रामस् + शेते = रामश्शेते |- | '''ष्टुना ष्टुः''' || सकार अउरी तवर्ग के बाद अगर षकार चाहे टवर्ग के वर्ण आवें तब उनहन के जगह पर षकार आ टवर्ग हो जाला।|| रामस + षष्ठः = रामष्षष्ठः |- | '''झलां जशोऽन्ते''' || पड़ के अंत में अगर झल् वर्ण होखे तब उनहन के जगह जश् वर्ण हो जालें। || वाक् + ईशः = वागीशः |- | '''मोऽनुस्वारः''' || म् से अंत होखे वाला पद के बाद कौनों हल् आवे तब म् के अनुस्वार हो जाला। || हरिम् + वन्दे = हरिं वन्दे |} ===विसर्ग संधि=== जब पद के अंत विसर्ग (अः के मात्रा) पर होखे आ ओकरे बाद कवनो दूसर शब्द आवे तब होखे वाला जुड़ाव के विसर्ग संधि कहल जाला। कुछ प्रमुख सूत्र आ उदाहरण नीचे दिहल जात बा: {| class="wikitable" |- ! सूत्र !! अरथ !! उदाहरण |- | '''विसर्जनीयस्य सः''' (8। 3। 34) || अगर विसर्ग के बाद खर् वर्ण होखें, विसर्ग के जगह सकार हो जाला। || विष्णुः + त्राता = विष्णुस्त्राता |- | '''वा शरि''' (8। 3। 36) || शर् प्रत्याहार के वर्ण बाद में होखे तब सकार विकल्प से होला || हरिः + शेते = हरिः शेते / हरिश्शेते |- | '''कुप्वोः क पौ च''' (8। 3। 37)<br>'''सोऽपदादौ''' (8। 3। 38) || सकार हो जाला अगर विसर्ग के बाद अइसन पद होखे जे कवर्ग भा पवर्ग के अक्षर से सुरू होखे || पयः + पाशम् = पयस्पाशम् |- | '''इणः षः''' (8। 3। 39)|| इण् प्रत्याहार के बाद में विसर्ग होखे (ओकरे बाद में ऊपर के दशा होखे) तब ष कार हो जाला। || सर्पिः + कल्पम् = सर्पिष्कल्पम् |} ===स्वादि संधि=== आसानी खाती इनहन के लघुकौमुदी नियर किताब सभ में विसर्ग संधि में रख दिहल जाला, हालाँकि एह सूत्र सभ के विसर्ग से कवनों मतलब ना बा। सिद्धांतकौमुदी में इनहन के स्वादि संधि प्रकरण में रखल गइल बाटे। कुछ प्रमुख सूत्र बाड़ें: '''ससजुषोः रुः''' (8। 2। 66), '''अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते''' (6। 1। 113), '''हशि च''' (6। 1। 114), '''रो रि''' (8। 3। 14), '''ढ्रलोपे पूर्वस्य दीर्घोऽणः ''' (6। 3। 111) वगैरह। ==अन्य भाषा सभ में== ===भोजपुरी=== [[भोजपुरी]] भाषा में संधि के चलन ओइसने नइखे जेङ्ने संस्कृत भा हिंदी भाषा में होला। मूल रूप से ई चीजे संस्कृत के हवे आ हिंदियो में ओहीजे संधि इस्तेमाल होला जहाँ संस्कृत के सामासिक शब्द होखे भा तत्सम शब्द होखे। एह तत्सम शब्द सभ के भोजपुरी में आवे के कारण संधि के नियम भी आ गइल बाड़ें।<ref>{{cite book|last1=श्रीवास्तव|first1=विन्ध्याचल प्रसाद|title=भोजपुरी व्याकरण के रूपरेखा|publisher=लोकभारती प्रकाशन|location=सुगौली, पूरबी चंपारन|page=153|url=http://bhojpurisahityangan.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/53/book.html#p=153|accessdate=17 अगस्त 2019}}</ref> कुछ बिद्वान लोग के तऽ इहो कहनाम बा कि ई जबरियन नकल मार के ले आइल गइल हवें।<ref name="राजेंद्रसिंहदिवायर" /> ===हिंदी=== [[हिंदी भाषा]] में बहुत सारा चीज [[संस्कृत]] से आइल हवे, एह में संधि के चलन आ नियम भी सामिल बाड़ें। संस्कृत संधि-प्रधान भाषा हवे जबकि बाद के प्राकृत-अपभ्रंश वगैरह सभ आ उनहन से निकलल भाषा सभ में संधि के ओतना प्रधानता ना रह गइल।<ref name="Chaudhari1994">{{cite book|author=Tejpal Chaudhari|title=Hindī vyākaraṇa vimarśa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dGw4u_3nY0QC&pg=PA34|year=1994|publisher=Vāṇī Prakāśana|isbn=978-81-7055-344-1|pages=34–}}</ref> एही से हिंदी में संधि के प्रयोग तत्सम शब्द सभ में देखे के मिले ला जे सीधे संस्कृत से आइल हव्वें आ वाक्य के अलग अलग शब्द सभ में संधि ना होले बलुक समास वाला शब्द सभ में संधि के इस्तेमाल देखे के मिले ला।<ref name="Chaudhari1994" /> कुछ बिद्वान लोग के तऽ इहाँ ले कहनाम बा कि संधि हिंदी भोजपुरी नियर भाषा सभ के चीजे ना हवे बलुक जबरियन एकरा के व्याकरण में रख लिहल गइल बा।<ref name="राजेंद्रसिंहदिवायर">{{cite web|last1=सिंह|first1=राजेंद्र प्रसाद|title=हिंदी में छुआछूत की वही बीमारी है जो हमारे समाज में है|url=http://thewirehindi.com/18594/hindi-diwas-indian-languages-rajendra-prasad-singh/|website=thewirehindi.com|publisher=दि वायर|accessdate=17 अगस्त 2019|language=hi|date=10 जनवरी 2018}}</ref> हिंदी व्याकरण में संधि के प्रकार भी संस्कृत के पञ्चसंधि के रूप में ना बलुक तीन हिस्सा में बाँटल जाला: स्वर, व्यंजन आ विसर्ग संधि। बहुधा हिंदी व्याकरण में में संधि के नियम वाक्य के रूप में लिखल जालें, संस्कृत के तरे सूत्र के रूप में ना। साथ में उदाहरण दे के मतलब सम्झाव्ल जाला। कई जगह आसानी खातिर चलनसार परिपाटी में सूत्र न होखे के कारण कुछ बदलाव सभ के संस्कृत से अलग किसिम के वर्गीकरण में भी शामिल क लिहल जाला।{{efn|उदाहरण खातिर: देवर्षि, महर्षि वगैरह में ऋ के अर् हो जाए के भी हिंदी व्याकरण में गुण संधि में रखल जाला जबकि '''अदेङ् गुणः''' के संस्कृत संज्ञा अनुसार "गुण" बस अ, ए अउरी ओ के कहल जाला।}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=गुरु|first1=कामता प्रसाद|title=हिंदी व्याकरण|url=https://archive.org/stream/shekharau_gmail_201509/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%20-%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81#page/n51/mode/2up|accessdate=17 अगस्त 2019}}</ref> {{Clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[समास]] ==फुटनोट आ संदर्भ== ===नोट=== <references group="नोट"/> ===संदर्भ=== {{Reflist}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * [https://sa.wikisource.org/s/x79 सिद्धान्तकौमुदी - प्रकरण‌ 1 से 10], संस्कृत विकिस्रोत पर {{In lang|sa}} * [http://www.anjoria.com/v1/bhasha/grammar1.pdf भोजपुरी भाषा अंक] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718071329/http://www.anjoria.com/v1/bhasha/grammar1.pdf |date=2019-07-18 }}, अँजोरिया पत्रिका। [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत व्याकरण]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय भाषाबिज्ञान]] {{language-stub}} 1axprlau45ri50br0pq1xbz1jp96eym 0 47986 814013 784234 2026-11-06T13:03:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building |image= Sheikh Lotfallah Esfahan.JPG |caption= Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Naqsh-e-Jahan Square | image_size = 300px |building_name= शेख लुत्फ़अल्लाह महजिद |location= [[इस्फ़हान]], [[ईरान]] |geo= {{coord|32|39|26|N|51|40|44|E|region:IR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |religious_affiliation= शिया इस्लाम |province= इस्फ़हान प्रांत |municipality= इस्फ़हान काउंटी |website= |architect= उस्ताद मुहम्मद रज़ा इस्फ़हानी |architecture_type= महजिद |architecture_style= इस्फ़हानी स्टाइल<ref name="cgie-Isfahan" /> |year_completed= 1619 |construction_cost= |capacity= |dome_quantity= 1 |dome_height_outer= |dome_dia_outer= 13 m |minaret_quantity= 0 |minaret_height= }} '''शेख लुत्फ़अल्लाह महजिद''' ({{lang-fa|مسجد شیخ لطف الله}}) [[ईरान]] के [[इस्फ़हान]] में सतरहवीं सदी के बनल एगो महजिद बा। ई महजिद अपना कला खातिर मास्टरपीस मानल जाले। इस्फ़हान शहर में ई नक्शे-जहाँ चौराहा के पूरबी साइड में बा। एकर निर्माण साल 1603 में सुरू भइल आ 1619 में बन के तइयार भइल। ईरान के सफदवी साम्राज्य के पहिला शाह अब्बास के शासन काल में ई बनल आ एकर मुख्य आर्किटेक्ट बहाउद्दीन अल-अमीली रहलें जिनके शेख बहाई के नाँव से भी जानल जाला। साल 1920 में रज़ा शाह पहलवी द्वारा ई दुबारा बनवावल गइल। [[File:Isfahan Lotfollah mosque ceiling symmetric.jpg|thumb|left|220px|alt=सिमेट्रिक डिजाइन |गुंबज के अंदरूनी हिस्सा पर बनल डिजाइन]] {{clear}} ==गैलरी== <gallery mode=packed heights=168px caption=" "> Image:Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque2.jpg|Front view - as seen from the balcony of the Ali Qapu palace Image:Dome wall and windows of the Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque.jpg|Details of the Interior design of Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque Image:Sheikh-Lotf-Allah mosque wall and ceiling.jpg|Interior wall and ceiling Image:Sheikh Lotf Allah mosque - side of dome and windows.jpg|Interior of the dome Image:Mithrab of the Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque.jpg|Mihrab Image:Iranian Tiles 1.JPG|Tiles Image:Sheikh Lotf Allah mosque entry gateway.jpeg|Sheikh Lotf Allah mosque entry gateway File:Sheikh Lotf Allah mosque - harem wall detail.jpg|alt=Calligraphy of verses in thuluth style, on blue background.|The inscriptions on the dome is written by the famous calligrapher [[Ali Reza Abbasi]], in [[thuluth]] and [[nasta'liq]] styles.<ref name="cgie-Isfahan" /> File:Naqsh-e Jahan Square at Night.JPG|Naqsh-e Jahan Square at night </gallery> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:ईरान]] [[श्रेणी:मस्जिद]] [[श्रेणी:इस्लामी आर्किटेक्चर]] {{struct-stub}} 3wenkpx21alylige7mnaw3dljqsaaxv 0 48305 814198 480098 2026-11-06T15:57:51Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साधारण साल''', '''आम बरिस''' भा '''आम साल''' (''Common year'', ''कॉमन इयर'') अइसन साल होला जेह में कवनो किसिम के अधिका दिन भा महीना ना जोड़ल गइल होखे। एकरे बिपरीत [[ग्रेगरियन कैलेंडर|ग्रेगोरियन कैलेंडर]] के साल में हर चउथा साल [[फरवरी]] में एगो दिन अधिका जोड़ल जाला आ अइसन साल के अधिबरस भा ''लीप इयर'' कहल जाला। हिंदू कैलेंडर में भी, जे [[चंद्रमा]] के गति पर आधारित होला, हर तीसर साल एगो अधिका महीना जोड़ल जाला जेकरा के मलमास कहल जाला। [[श्रेणी:साल]] [[श्रेणी:समय]] {{astronomy-stub}} sr3jk9zz07bus3e53ar1jm5pzx6cilo 0 48818 814261 811657 2026-11-06T16:48:32Z SM7 3953 SM7 पन्ना [[दक्खिन भारतीय सिनेमा]] के [[साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]] पर स्थानांतरण कइलें: बेहतर/कॉमन भोजपुरी नाँव (Better/common name) ([[WP:COMMONNAME]]) 811657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indian cinema}} '''दक्खिन भारतीय सिनेमा''' [[भारत]] के दक्खिनी राज्य सभ के लोकल सिनेमा सभ के एकट्ठा संबोधन हवे; एह में तमिल, तेलुगु, कन्नड़, मलयालम आ तुलु भाषा में बने वाली फिलिम सभ के सामिल कइल जाला। ई सिनेमा सभ के इंडस्ट्री अलग-अलग भाषा के क्षेत्र अनुसार [[चेन्नई]], [[हैदराबाद]], [[बंगलौर]], [[कोच्चि]] & [[त्रिवेंद्रम]], आ [[मैंगलोर]] नियर शहर सभ में स्थित बाटे। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत]] {{culture-stub}} py3imp7rmj3sdasstzyg5xpeox1ehkv 814272 814261 2026-11-06T18:10:58Z SM7 3953 बिस्तार कइल गइल 814272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indian cinema}} '''साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा''', मने '''दक्खिन भारत के सिनेमा''', जेकरा खाली भर '''साउथ के सिनेमा''' भी कहल जाला, [[भारत]] के दक्खिनी राज्य सभ के लोकल सिनेमा सभ के एकट्ठा संबोधन हवे; एह में [[तमिल सिनेमा|तमिल]], [[तेलुगु सिनेमा|तेलुगु]], [[कन्नड़ सिनेमा|कन्नड़]], मलयालम आ [[तुलु भाषा]] में बने वाली फिलिम सभ के सामिल कइल जाला। ई सिनेमा सभ के इंडस्ट्री अलग-अलग भाषा के क्षेत्र अनुसार [[चेन्नई]], [[हैदराबाद]], [[बंगलौर]], [[कोच्चि]] अउरी [[त्रिवेंद्रम]], आ [[मैंगलोर]] नियर शहर सभ में स्थित बाटे। '''साउथ के मूवी''' भा '''साउथ के फिलिम''' के नाँव से ई पूरा भारत आ भारत से बाहरो बहुत पॉपुलर फिलिम बाड़ी स जे [[साउथ इंडिया]] में बने लीं। हाल में तेलुगु सिनेमा आपन बढ़त पहुँच के साथे कई भाषा सभ में एक्के साथे फिलिम बना के [[पैन-इंडिया सिनेमा]] के रूप में अस्थापित हो चुकल बाटे। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत]] {{culture-stub}} j070cd9r47hxiwf3038o5rdq6nwgyry 0 48820 814373 765463 2026-11-07T07:15:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सुजीत कुमार | image = | alt = | caption = सुजीत कुमार | birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|2|7|df=y}} | birth_place = [[बनारस]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|2|5|1934|2|7}} | death_place = [[मुंबई]], भारत | occupation = [[एक्टर]], प्रोड्यूसर | children = जतिन कुमार, हिना | years_active = 1960–2001 }} '''सुजीत कुमार''' (जनम नाँव: शमशेर सिंह, 7 फरवरी 1934&nbsp;– 5 फरवरी 2010) एगो भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर आ प्रोड्यूसर रहलें। सुजीत कुमार लगभग 150 से ढेर हिंदी फिलिम सभ में लउकलें आ इनके सक्रियता 1960, '70s आ '80 के दशक रहल; साथे-साथ लगभग 25 गो भोजपुरी फिलिम सभ में भी काम कइलें। 1990के बाद ई एक्टिंग छोड़ के मुख्य रूप से प्रोडक्शन के काम करे लगलें। सुजीत कुमार भोजपुरी सिनेमा के बड़हन हस्ती रहलें।<ref>{{cite web |author = By: Gayathry V Pillai |url = http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/actor-sujith-kumar-passes-away-060210.html |title = Actor Sujith Kumar died of cancer&nbsp;— Oneindia Entertainment |publisher = Entertainment.oneindia.in |date = 2010-02-06 |accessdate = 2014-01-26 |archive-date = 2014-02-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140202222611/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/actor-sujith-kumar-passes-away-060210.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> हिंदी फिलिम सभ में आमतौर पर विलेन भा चरित्र अभिनेता के रूप में काम कइलें<ref>{{cite news | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-06/india/28127277_1_bhojpuri-celluloid-amitabh-bachchan | work = दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया | title = Character actor Sujit Kumar no more | date = 6 February 2010 | access-date = 2017-08-09 | archive-date = 2012-05-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120515221511/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-06/india/28127277_1_bhojpuri-celluloid-amitabh-bachchan | url-status = dead }}</ref> जबकि कई भोजपुरी फिलिम सभ में मुख्य भूमिका में लउकलें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==इहो देखल जाय== {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय पुरुष फिलिम एक्टर]] [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी सिनेमा के मरद एक्टर लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1934 में जनम]] {{india-actor-stub}} hv1b0kd3xymja6cnf184o0yi61jxih6 0 48932 814222 803295 2026-11-06T15:59:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airline |airline=सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस |logo= |logo_size=200 |fleet_size=सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस बेड़ा|111 |destinations=सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस स्थल|64 |IATA=SQ |ICAO=SIA |callsign=सिंगापुर |company_slogan=A Great Way to Fly |founded={{Start date and years ago|1947|05|01|df=y}} (as Malaysia–सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस) |commenced= {{nowrap|{{Start date and years ago|1972|10|01|df=y}}}} |headquarters=Airline House<br />25 Airline Road<br />Singapore 819829<br />सिंगापुर |parent=Temasek Holdings (56%) |key_people= <div> * Peter Seah Lim Huat <br> {{small|(Chairman)}} * Goh Choon Phong <br> {{small|(Chief Executive Officer)}} |hubs=सिंगापुर चंगी एयरपोर्ट |frequent_flyer= * KrisFlyer * PPS Club |alliance=स्टार अलायन्स |subsidiaries= [[Budget Aviation Holdings]]<ref>{{cite web|author=आनंद कृष्णमूर्ति आनंदकोमोरथी |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-18/singapore-air-forms-new-company-to-manage-two-budget-carriers |title=सिंगापुर एयर फॉर्म्स नई कंपनी दो बजट वाहक प्रबंधित |publisher=ब्लूमबर्ग |date=2016-05-17 |accessdate=2016-06-26}}</ref> <br />SilkAir<br />[[सिंगापुर Airlines Cargo]]<br />SIA Engineering Company |net_income = {{increase}} [[Singapore dollar|S$]]804.4&nbsp;million <small>(FY 2015/16)</small> |num_employees = 24,574 <small>(FY 2015/16)</small> |website= {{URL|https://www.singaporeair.com|singaporeair.com}} }} '''सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस''' लिमिटेड (एसआईए)  सिंगापुर क ध्वज वाहक ह। इ विश्व क एगो प्रमुख वायुयान सेवा ह। सिंगापुर क चंगी हवाई अड्डा एकर हब (महत्वपूर्ण गतिविधिन क केंद्र) ह और दक्षिणपूर्वी एशिया, पूर्वी एशिया, [[दक्षिण एशिया]] और "कंगारू रूट" बाजारन में एकर एगो सक्षम उपस्थिति बा। इ कम्पनी पार-प्रशांत (ट्रांस-पेसिफिक) उड़ान क भी संचालन करेले, एमे दुनिया क दुगो सबसे लम्बा नॉन-स्टॉप व्यावसायिक उड़ान शामिल बाड़ी स, इ उड़ान एयरबस ए340-500 सिंगापुर से न्यू यॉर्क और लोस एंजिल्स तक जाली स।<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore Girl - You're a Great Way To Fly".|url=http://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/in/flying-withus/our-story/singapore-girl/|publisher=singaporeair.com Retrieved 24 April 2015}}</ref> सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस समूह में कईगो एयरलाइन-संबंधित सहायक कंपनी शामिल बाड़ी स, एसआईए इंजीनियरिंग कंपनी नौ देशन में रखरखाव, मरम्मत और ओवरहाल (एमआरओ) कारोबार क संचालन करेले, जेमें बोइंग और रोल्स-रॉयस सहित 27 संयुक्त उद्यमन क पोर्टफोलियो बा। सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस कार्गो एसआईए की मालवाहक बेड़ा क संचालन करेला और एकर यात्री विमानन में मालवाहक क्षमता क प्रबंधन करेला। एकर दुगो सहायक बान स: सिल्कएयर द्वितीयक शहरन में क्षेत्रीय उड़ानन क संचालन करेला, जबकि स्कूट कम लागत वाला वाहक की रूप में काम करेला।<ref>{{cite web|title=एसआईए इंजीनियरिंग कंपनी बोइंग के साथ संयुक्त उद्यम को शामिल करती है|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/sia-engineering-company-incorporates-joint-venture-with-boeing|publisher=straitstimes.com}}</ref><br> [[File:SIA Boeing 747-400, 9V-SPP, SIN 6 for wiki.jpg|thumb|Boeing 747-400 at सिंगापुर चंगी एयरपोर्ट इन स्टार अलायन्स लिवेरय व्हिले स्टिल मैनटैनिंग इतस कॉर्पोरेट लोगो ऑन द टेल|248x248px]] सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस "सुपरजम्बो" एयरबस ए380 क शुरुआत कइलस जवन विश्व क सबसे बड़ा एयरक्राफ्ट रहे। राजस्व प्रति यात्री किलोमीटर की मामला में इ दुनिया भर की चोटी की 15 वाहकन में से एगो ह, और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय यात्री वहन की दृष्टि से दुनिया में दसवां स्थान पर बा। सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस उ एयरलाइन ह जेकर दुनिया में सबसे ज्यादा प्रशंसा कइल जाला और फोर्च्यून वर्ल्ड की 2010 की सबसे प्रशंसित कम्पनियन की रैंकिंग में एकर 27 वां स्थान बा।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cleartrip.com/flight-booking/singapore-airlines.html|title=सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस|publisher=क्लेअरट्रिप.कॉम }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=एयरलाइन स्पॉटलाइट: सिंगापुर एयरलाइनs|url=http://www.flightnetwork.com/blog/spotlight-singapore-airlines/|publisher=flightnetwork.com|access-date=2017-08-16|archive-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404215802/http://www.flightnetwork.com/blog/spotlight-singapore-airlines/|url-status=dead}}</ref> एकर सशक्त ब्रांड नांव बा और इ विमानन उद्योग में, विशेष रूप से नवाचार, सुरक्षा और सेवा में उत्कृष्टता की दृष्टि से उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करेले,  साथ ही एके निरंतर लाभ भी प्राप्त होता। एके असंख्य पुरस्कार मिलल बा और विमान की खरीद की उद्योग में इ प्रथम स्थान पर बा। इ उन छह एयरलाइंस में से एगो ह जेके केथे पेसिफिक (Cathay Pacific), एशियन एयरलाइंस (Asian Airlines), मलेशियन एयरलाइंस (Malaysia Airlines), क़तर एयरवेज़ (Qatar Airways) और किंग्फिशर एयरलाइंस (Kingfisher Airlines) की साथ स्काईट्रेक्स की द्वारा 5 स्टार रेटिंग से सम्मानित कइल गइल बा। ==इतिहास== सिंगापुर एयरलाइंस क शुरुआत 12 अक्टूबर 1937 के मलायी एयरलाइंस (एमएएल) की समावेश की साथ भइल। एकर शुरुआत लिवरपूल क ओशीन स्टीमशिप कम्पनी, सिंगापुर क स्ट्रेट्स स्टीमशिप कम्पनी और इम्पीरियल एयरवेज़ की द्वारा कइल गइल। ए एयरलाइन क पहिला उड़ान एगो चार्टर्ड उड़ान रहे जवन 2 अप्रैल 1947 के सिंगापुर की ब्रिटिश स्ट्रेट्स सेटलमेंट से कुआलालम्पुर तक गइल, एमें एयरस्पीड कौंसुल दुगो इंजन वाला एयरप्लेन क उपयोग कइल गइल।  एकरी तुरंत बाद 1 मई 1947 से नियमित साप्ताहिक उड़ान सिंगापुर से कुआलालम्पुर, इपोह और पेनांग जाए लगली स, एमें एही तरह की एयरक्राफ्ट क उपयोग कइल जाव।  1940 की शेष दशक में और 1950 की दशक की दौरान अन्य ब्रिटिश कॉमनवेल्थ एयरलाइंस (जैसे की बीओएसी और क्वान्टास एम्पायर एयरवेस) की तरह इ एयरलाइन निरंतर विस्तृत होत गइल, इ तकनीकी सहायता प्रदान कइलस और आईएटीए में शामिल होखले में मदद कइलस। 1955 ले, मलायी एयरवेज क बेड़ा एतना विकसित हो गइल रहन स कि एमें बड़ी संख्या में डगलस डी सी-3 (Douglas DC-3s) शामिल हो चुकल रह न स। ==संदर्भ== [[श्रेणी:हवाई जहाज]] [[श्रेणी:हवाई जहाज सेवा]] 9nt4zys3wmk9gutdu8g8dtz9tsxj3oo 0 49524 813899 746077 2026-11-06T12:55:18Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University |name = वीर कुँवर सिंह विश्वविद्यालय |image_name = |image_size = 250px |motto = विद्या धर्मेण शोभते |established = 1992 |chancellor = [[राजेन्द्र अर्लेकर]] |vice_chancellor = प्रो० शैलेंद्र कुमार चतुर्वेदी |city = [[आरा]] |जिला = [[भोजपुर]] |state = [[बिहार]] |country = [[भारत]] |students = |type = सरकारी |campus = शहरी |affiliations = यूजीसी, एआईयू |website = {{url |www.vksu.ac.in|वीर कुँवर सिंह विश्वविद्यालय}} }} '''वीर कुँवर सिंह विश्वविद्यालय''' [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[आरा]] में मौजूद एगो सरकारी विश्वविद्यालय बा। {{clear}} {{Universities in Bihar}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के विश्वविद्यालय]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार में शिक्षा]] {{university-stub}} 3pamic1up295wzoilupqadw2rk9us17 0 49692 814010 774905 2026-11-06T13:03:24Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses}} {{Hinduism small}} '''शूद्र''' [[हिंदू धर्म]] के ग्रंथन के अनुसार बतावल वर्ण व्यवस्था में एगो वर्ण हवे। एह में कई गो भारतीय जाति (कास्ट) के लोग के गिनल जाला। वर्ण व्यवस्था में बतावल नियम अनुसार ई सभसे निचला{{sfn|Encyclopedia Britannica|2010}}<ref name=davis51/> वर्ण हवे आ एह लोग के काम दुसरे वर्ण के लोग के सेवा कइल बतावल गइल बा।{{sfn|Varadaraja V. Raman|2006|pp= 200-204}} कई अंग्रेजी अनुबाद सभ में एकरा के खुदे एगो ''कास्ट'' के रूप में बतावल जाला,{{sfn|Varadaraja V. Raman|2006|pp= 200-204}} या फिर एगो सामाजिक ''क्लास'' के रूप में भी परिभाषा दिहल जाले। [[ऋग्वेद]] में ई शब्द खाली एक बेर, [[पुरुष सूक्त]] में आइल बाटे, जबकि बाद के ग्रंथन में, जइसे की ''[[मनुस्मृति]]'', ''[[अर्थशास्त्रम्]]'' आ अन्य [[धर्मशास्त्र]] सभ में एकर बिबरन मिले ला।{{sfn|D. R. Bhandarkar|1989|pp=9-10}} (शेवा ) आ बाकी वर्ण सभ के सवा के रूप में देखल गइल बा।{{sfn|Varadaraja V. Raman|2006|pp= 200-204}}{{Sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} वास्तविक इतिहास में, एह लोग में से कुछ के द्वारा अन्य वर्ण सभ के कामकाज करे के परमान भी बा आ ई लोग योद्धा आ राजा भी रहल बाटे।{{sfn|Ghurye|1969|pp=15–17}}<ref name=jabbar148/> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय जाति]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय समाज]] {{society-stub}} ayy1592xs3zhsz6eewnpzosf7uat0i0 0 49809 814127 805957 2026-11-06T15:50:21Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सनी लियोनी | image = Sunny Leone for 'Sunny Ka New Year Call' campaign.jpg | caption = 2020 में सनी लियोनी | birth_name = करनजीत कौर वोहरा | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1981|5|13}}<ref name=OwnBio/> | birth_place = सार्निया, [[ओंटेरियो]], [[कनाडा]]<ref name=avn/> | nationality = कनाडाई अमेरिकी | occupation = फिलिम एक्ट्रेस, (पहिले पोर्न फिलिम में) | spouse = डैनियल वेबर (2011–अबतक)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sunny-Leones-husband-comes-to-India/articleshow/12687162.cms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322071308/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sunny-Leones-husband-comes-to-India/articleshow/12687162.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 22, 2014 |title=Sunny Leone's husband comes to India |work=Times of India |date=April 16, 2012 |accessdate=October 1, 2012 |df= }}</ref> | children = 1 }} '''करनजीत कौर वोहरा'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-s-real-name-revealed/article1-847131.aspx|title=Sunny Leone's real name revealed!|accessdate=1 अप्रैल 2014|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=27 अप्रैल 2012|agency=Agencies|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170033/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sunny-leone-s-real-name-revealed/story-2STFf94edraSEdwBQ35PPO.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> (जनम: 13 मई 1981)<ref name=OwnBio>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnyleone.com/en/about|title=About Me|publisher=www.sunnyleone.com|accessdate=5 जनवरी 2016|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225165939/https://www.sunnyleone.com/en/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> जिनके '''सनी लियोनी''' भा '''सनी लियोन''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, सुरुआत में [[पोर्न फिलिम|अश्लील (पोर्न) फिलिम]] में<ref name="sunnyleone.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnyleone.com/en|title=Sunny Leone - Desi Porn - SunnyLeone.com|work=sunnyleone.com|access-date=2017-09-22|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170019/https://www.sunnyleone.com/en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sunny Leone profile|url=http://www.avn.com/porn-stars/Sunny-Leone-274888.html|publisher=AVN|accessdate=Dec 27, 2015|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225165959/https://avn.com/porn-stars/sunny-leone-274888.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> काम करे वाली आ बाद में [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] में काम करे वाली ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी।<ref>{{cite web|author=Vickey Lalwani, Mumbai Mirror |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/People-in-India-are-conservative-Sunny-Leone/articleshow/23691999.cms? |title=People in India are conservative: Sunny Leone|work=Times Of India |date=August 8, 2013 |accessdate=Dec 27, 2015}}</ref> लियोनी के जनम [[कनाडा]] के [[ओंटेरियो]] में एगो सिख परिवार में भइल आ ई [[कनाडा]] आ [[अमेरिका]] के नागरिक हई।<ref name=avn>{{cite web |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Becomes-Vivid-Girl-43494.html |title=Sunny Leone Becomes Vivid Girl |accessdate=2007-08-26 |date=2007-06-20 |work=AVN |archive-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134432/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Becomes-Vivid-Girl-43494.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> एकरे पहिले ई '''करन मल्होत्रा''' के नाँव से भी काम कइले बाड़ी।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/a-sunny-day-in-sarnia/article4098311/|title=A Sunny day in Sarnia|publisher=|accessdate=July 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/51052/how-karen-malhotra-turned-into-a-world-famous-porn-star-sunny-leone/|title=How Karen Malhotra turned into a world-famous porn star Sunny Leone|publisher=|accessdate=16 जुलाई 2016|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170031/http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/51052/how-karen-malhotra-turned-into-a-world-famous-porn-star-sunny-leone/|url-status=dead}}</ref> अपना फिलिमी करियर के अलावा लियोनी कई गो सिंगल इवेंट सभ में भी काम क चुकल बाड़ी। अइसन पहिला शो, एमटीवी के बीडियो म्यूजिक अवार्ड रहल जेह में लियोनी रेड कार्पेट रिपोर्टर के काम कइली। साल 2011 में [[बिग बॉस]] के पाँचवाँ सीजन में प्रतिभागी रहली आ वर्तमान में ई एमटीवी के ''स्प्लिट्सविला'' कार्यक्रम के होस्ट के रूप में काम क रहल बाड़ी। साल 2012 में ऊ [[पूजा भट्ट]] के कामुक थ्रिलर ''जिस्म 2'' (2012) से बॉलीवुड डेब्यू कइली आ मुख्यधारा के एक्टिंग पर फोकस बदल दिहली जेकरा बाद ''जैकपॉट'' (2013), ''रागिनी एमएमएस 2'' (2014), ''एक पहेली लीला'' (2015), ''तेरा इंतेजार'' (2017), आ 2019 में मलयालम फिलिम ''मधुरा राजा'' अइलीं सन। अपना अभिनय कैरियर के अलावा ऊ अमेरिकन कैंसर सोसाइटी खातिर पइसा जुटावे खातिर रॉक 'एन' रोल लॉस एंजिल्स हाफ-मैराथन समेत अउरियो कई ठे एक्टिविज्म अभियान सभ के हिस्सा रहल बाड़ी आ ''पीपुल फॉर द एथिकल ट्रीटमेंट ऑफ एनिमल्स'' (पेटा) के बिज्ञापन खातिर भी पोज दे चुकल बाड़ी अभियान में बचावल गइल कुकुर के साथे, जवना में पालतू जानवर मालिकन के प्रोत्साहित कइल जाला कि ऊ लोग अपना बिल्ली आ कुकुरन के स्पायिंग आ न्युट्रेशन करावे। == शुरुआती जिनगी == करनजीत कौर वोहरा के जनम 13 मई 1981 के ओंटारियो के सार्निया में सिख भारतीय पंजाबी माता-पिता के घरे भइल। छोट लइकी के रूप में ऊ खुद के टॉम्बो बतावे वाली रहली, बहुत एथलेटिक रहली आ लड़िकन के साथे स्ट्रीट हॉकी खेलें। भले, ई परिवार सिख रहल, इनके माता-पिता इनके कैथोलिक स्कूल में दाखिला करवलें काहें से कि इनके पब्लिक स्कूल में जाए के असुरक्षित मानल गइल। जब ऊ 13 बरिस के रहली तब इनके परिवार एक साल बाद फोर्ट ग्राटिओट, मिशिगन आ फिर लेक फॉरेस्ट, कैलिफोर्निया आ गइल, इनके दादा-दादी के सपना पूरा कइलस कि मय परिवार एक्के जगह एक साथ रहे। इनके पहिला चुंबन के अनुभव 11 के बरिस के उमिर में भइल, 16 बरिस के उमिर में एगो बास्केटबॉल खिलाड़ी के साथे कुंवारीपन गँवा दिहली आ 18 बरिस के उमिर में इनके अपना उभयलिंगीता के पता चलल। {{clear}} == फिल्मोग्राफी == === भारतीय फिलिम === {| class="wikitable" |+कुंजी | style="background:#FFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that has not yet released}} | चिन्हित करत बा कि फिलिम अबहिन रिलीज नइखे भइल |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col"|साल ! scope="col"|टाइटिल ! scope="col"|रोल ! scope="col"|भाषा ! class="unsortable" scope="col"|नोट ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|संद.|संदर्भ सभ}} |- | rowspan="1"|2012 | scope="row" |''जिस्म 2'' | इज्ना | [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | हिंदी फिलिम डेब्यू | |- | rowspan="2"|2013 |scope="row" |''जैकपॉट'' | माया | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row"| ''शूटआउट एट वडाला'' | "लैला" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | हिंदी | | |- | rowspan="5" | 2014 | scope="row" | ''रागिनी एमएमएस 2'' | सनी लियोन | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row" | ''वडाकरी'' | rowspan="3" | खुद | तमिल | तमिल फिलिम डेब्यू,<br>गाना "लो आना लाइफू" में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gs9J7hW1ip4%22Low|title=Low Aana Lifeu - Vadacury - Jai, Sunny Leone - Anirudh, Andrea|last=Meeka Entertainment|date=27 December 2014|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''हेट स्टोरी 2'' | हिंदी | "पिंक लिप्स" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5VFOKKAbQQ%22Pink|title=Pink Lips Full Video Song - Sunny Leone - Hate Story 2 - Meet Bros Anjjan Feat Khushboo Grewal|last=T-Series|date=2 July 2014|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''बलविंदर सिंह फेमस हो गया'' | हिंदी | "शेक दैट ब्यूटी" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT--5F9jW_I%22Shake|title=Shake That Booty - Balwinder Singh Famous Ho Gaya - Mika Singh, Sunny Leone - Latest Sexy Song 2014|last=Tips Official|date=18 August 2014|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''करेंट थीगा'' | सनी | तेलुगु | तेलुगु फिलिम डेब्यू,<br>कैमियो अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfVfNsfWRKc%22Sunny|title=Sunny O Sunny Full Video Song - Manchu Manoj - Sunny Leone - Rakul Preet|date=11 December 2014|publisher=Times Music South|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" | 2015 | scope="row" | ''डीके'' | खुद | कन्नड़ | कन्नड़,<br>"सेसम्मा" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fvx3zi-VpI%22Sesamma%7CSunny|title=Sunny Leone's "Sesamma" Song From DK - Prem, Chaitra Chandranath - Kannada Full HD Song|last=Anand Audio|date=27 February 2015|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''एक पहेली लीला'' | लीला / मीरा | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row" | ''कुछ कुछ लोचा है'' | शनाया | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row" | ''लव यू आलिया'' | खुद | कन्नड़ | "कामाक्षी" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jGA-q8WuzY%22Kamakshi%7CSunny|title=Luv U Alia - Full HD Video Song " Kamakshi" - Sunny Leone - Indrajit Lankesh - Hot Song|last=Anand Audio|date=5 October 2015|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''सिंह इज ब्लिंग'' | एयरलाइन पैसेंजर | हिंदी | कैमियो अपीयरेंस | |- | rowspan="5" | 2016 | scope="row" | ''मस्तीजादे'' | लैला लेले / लिली लेले | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row" | ''वन नाइट स्टैंड'' | सेलिना / अंबर कपूर | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row" |''बेईमान लव'' | सुनैना वर्मा | हिंदी | | |- | scope="row" |''फुद्दू'' | rowspan="9" | खुद | हिंदी | "तू जरूरत नहीं तू जरूरी है" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_u7CHkFZYk%22Tu|title=Tu Zaroorat Nahi Tu Zaroori Hai- Fuddu - Sunny Leone - Sharman Joshi - Shreya Ghoshal|last=Zee Music Company|date=21 September 2016|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''डोंगरी का राजा'' | हिंदी | "चोली ब्लॉकबस्टर" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny gets a new voice for her item song |website=DNA India |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mamta-sharma-to-sing-an-item-number-for-sunny-leone-2260735}}</ref> |- | rowspan="8" | 2017 | scope="row" |''रईस'' | हिंदी | "लैला मैं लैला" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-sunny-leone-to-share-screen-space-in-raees/|title=Shah Rukh Khan, Sunny Leone to share screen space in Raees|date=18 March 2016|newspaper=Indian Express |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" |''नूर'' | हिंदी | कैमियो अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/20741206%22Sunny|title=Sunny Leone to play Bollywood actress in Sonakshi Sinha starrer Noor |date=8 August 2016|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" |''बादशाहो'' | हिंदी | "पिया मोरे" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/20768732%22Sunny|title=Sunny Leone to do a special number in Milan Luthria's Baadshaho |date=10 August 2016|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''ब्वायज'' | मराठी | मराठी फिलिम डेब्यू, "कुठ कुठ जायचा हनीमून ला" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunny makes her Marathi debut with an item song |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kuth-kuth-jayacha-honeymoon-la-sunny-leone-boyz-marathi-movie.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |archive-date=2018-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103004853/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kuth-kuth-jayacha-honeymoon-la-sunny-leone-boyz-marathi-movie.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | scope="row" |''भूमि'' | हिंदी | "ट्रिप्पी ट्रिप्पी" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunny Leone to shake leg in Sanjay Dutt's comeback film |website=Bollywood Life |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/after-shah-rukh-khan-and-emraan-hashmi-sunny-leone-to-shoot-a-special-song-for-sanjay-dutts-comeback-film-bhoomi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120453/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/after-shah-rukh-khan-and-emraan-hashmi-sunny-leone-to-shoot-a-special-song-for-sanjay-dutts-comeback-film-bhoomi/ |archive-date=2018-11-10 |access-date=2023-05-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''श्रेष्ठा बंगाली'' | बंगाली | बंगाली फिलिम डेब्यू, "छाप निशान" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | <ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2017/09/09/sunny-leone-chaap-nishna/|title=Sunny Leone in Chaap Nishna|newspaper=Dhaka Times |access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''पीएसवी गरुड़ वेगा'' | तेलुगु भाषा | "देओ देओ" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस<ref name="Sunny Leone to shoot item song for PSV Garuda Vega in Mumbai">{{cite news |title=Sunny Leone's song in 'PSV Garuda Vega' to be shot in Mumbai |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sunny-leones-song-in-psv-garuda-vega-to-be-shot-in-mumbai/articleshow/58067469.cms}}</ref> | <ref name=":0" /> |- | scope="row" |''तेरा इंतजार'' | रौनक | हिंदी | | <ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-arbaaz-start-shooting-for-tera-intezaar-2941118/|title=Sunny, Arbaaz start shooting for 'Tera Intezaar'|date=28 July 2016|newspaper=Indian Express |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4"| 2019 | scope="row" |''झूठा कहीं का'' | खुद | हिंदी | "फंक लव" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | |- | scope="row" |''अर्जुन पटियाला'' | बेबी नरूला | हिंदी | फिलिम के भीतर फिलिम | |- | scope="row" |''मधुरा राजा'' | rowspan="2" | खुद | मलयालम | "मोहा मुंदिरी" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | |- | scope="row" |''मोतीचूर चकनाचूर'' | हिंदी | "बत्तियाँ बुझा दो" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | |- | rowspan="3"| 2022 | scope="row" |''गिन्ना'' | रेणुका | तेलुगु | लीड रोल | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title='Ginna' trailer: Sunny Leone-Vishnu Manchu promise frothy mix of thrill, comedy and action |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/ginna-trailer-sunny-leone-vishnu-manchu-promise-frothy-mix-of-thrill-comedy-and-action-439678 |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''चैंपियन'' | खुद | कन्नड़ | "डिंगर बिल्ली" गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | |- | ''ओह माई गोस्ट'' | मायासेना | तमिल | | |- | 2023 | कोटेशन गैंग | पद्मा | तमिल | | |- | rowspan="10" |TBA | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''[[केनेडी (फिलिम)|केनेडी]]''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | चार्ली | हिंदी | 2023 कान फिलिम फेस्टिवल में प्रीमियर भइल | |- | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''रंगीला''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | {{TBA}} | मलयालम | शूटिंग जारी | |- | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''वीरामदेवी''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | वीरामदेवी | rowspan="2" | तमिल | ऐक्ट्रेस के रूप में डेब्यू, लीड रोल | |- | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''शेरो''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | {{TBA}} | लीड रोल | |- | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''कोका कोला''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="3" | हिंदी | Filming | |- | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''हेलेन''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | नैना | Filming | |- | style="background:#FFCC;" | ''द बैटल ऑफ़ भीमा कोरेगाँव''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}} | {{TBA}} | गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस | |- |} === नेपाली फिलिम === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col"|साल ! scope="col"|टाइटिल ! scope="col"|रोल ! scope="col"|भाषा ! class="unsortable" scope="col"|नोट ! संदर्भ |- | 2019 | scope="row" |''पासवर्ड'' | "आजको शाम" में आइटम गर्ल | नेपाली | नेपाली डेब्यू | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-15|title=Sunny Leone, now ready to earn a name in this neighboring country|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/sunny-leone-now-ready-to-earn-a-name-in-this-neighboring-country-sc87-nu-1015639-1.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=News Track|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Navbharat|first=Times Now|title=Times Now Navbharat: Hindi News, हिन्दी समाचार, हिंदी न्यूज़, Latest Hindi News, Breaking News|url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Times Now Navbharat|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Marathi|first=TV9|date=2019-06-14|title=सनी लिओनी बॉलिवूडनंतर आता नेपाळी चित्रपटात|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/latest-news/sunny-leone-share-her-first-song-in-first-nepali-movie-password-72527.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref> |} === बांग्लादेशी फिलिम === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col"|साल ! scope="col"|टाइटिल ! scope="col"|रोल ! scope="col"|भाषा ! class="unsortable" scope="col"|नोट |- | 2022 | ''बिक्खोव'' | "छाप निशान" में आइटम गर्ल | बंगाली भाषा | गाना में इस्पेशल अपीयरेंस |} === म्यूजिक बीडियो === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! साल !! टाइटिल !! गायक(लोग) !! म्यूजिक !! संदर्भ |- | 2014 | ''साड़ी वाली गर्ल'' | गिरिक अमान | गिरिक अमान | <ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXe-0BOgNBU%22Saree|title=Sunny Leone - Saree Wali Girl - Girik Aman|last=Sony Music India|date=29 May 2014|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | 2015 | ''सुपर गर्ल फ्राम चाइना'' | कनिका कपूर, मीका सिंह | कनिका कपूर | <ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeyBEpsZfrs%22Super|title=Super Girl From China Video Song - Kanika Kapoor Feat Sunny Leone Mika Singh - T-Series|last=T-Series|date=2 December 2015|via=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> |- | 2017 | ''लोका लोका'' | आरिफ़ खान, शिवि | रफ़्तार | <ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone goes Loca Loca|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sunny-leones-loca-loca-song-with-raftaar-is-the-new-party-anthem-1752440|website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=M-2OBxZvZzQ|title=Loca Loca - Sunny Leone, Raftaar and Shivi -Ariff Khan- Official video|publisher=Zee Music Company on YouTube}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1"|2018 | ''लवली एक्सीडेंट'' | तापोश, हरजोत कौर | rowspan="1"| कौशिक आकाश गुड्डू JAM8 | rowspan="1"| <ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uFfcjTPjgc8|title=Lovely Accident - Official video - Taposh Featuring Sunny Leone - JAM8 |publisher=Zee Music Company on YouTube}}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''हॉलीवुड वाले नखरे'' | उपेश जंगवाल | तनवीर सिंह कोहली | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-16|title=Sunny Leone's single Hollywood Wale Nakhre is just another fun Punjabi song|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/sunny-leone-song-hollywood-wale-nakhre-video-5587054/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2021 | ''बार्बी डॉल'' | डी काली | मीत सेहरा | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-13|title=बार्बी डॉल बनकर सामने आईं सनी लियोनी, पिंक बालों वाले लुक में ढाया कहर, वीडियो में दिखाई अदाएं|url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/sunny-leone-new-music-video-barbie-doll-out-see-video-1981829|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.abplive.com|language=hi}}</ref> |- | ''परदेसी'' | आसीस कौर, आर्को पार्वो मुखर्जी | आर्को पार्वो मुखर्जी | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch Latest Hindi Song Music Video - 'Pardesi' Sung By Arko Featuring Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/pardesi-sunny-leone-arko-ft-asees-kaur-zee-music-originals/videoshow/87014566.cms|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> |- | ''मचली'' | शाहिद माल्या, पावनी पांडेय | करन लाखन, ओये कुणाल | |- | ''पनघट'' | कनिका कपूर, अरिंदम चक्रबर्ती | शारिब साबरी, तोशी साबरी | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-22|title=Madhuban: Sunny Leone stands out in Kanika Kapoor's unimpressive dance track|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/madhuban-sunny-leone-stands-out-in-kanika-kapoors-unimpressive-dance-track-7685420/|access-date=2021-12-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> |- | ''दुश्तु पोलापेन'' | फातिमा तुज जहर ओयेशी | | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sunny-leone-grooves-to-bangladeshi-number-dushtu-polapain-watch-video-4671929.html | title=Sunny Leone Grooves to Bangladeshi Number Dushtu Polapain; Watch Video | date=18 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/sunny-leones-sizzling-bengali-dance-number-dushtu-polapain-sets-a-new-record/articleshow/93185592.cms | title=Sunny Leone's sizzling Bengali dance number 'Dushtu Polapain' sets a new record | website=The Times of India }}</ref> |- | ''शरम लिहाज'' | साक्षी होल्कर | | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodmascot.com/features/sunny-leone-movie-item-number-1-with-sreesanth/ | title=Sunny Leone Once Again to be Seen Dancing in 'Item Number 1' with Cricketer Sreesanth - Bollywood Mascot | date=18 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-sharam-lihaaj-sung-by-sakshi-holkar/videoshow/90223399.cms | title=Check Out New Hindi Hit Song Music Video - 'Sharam Lihaaj' Sung by Sakshi Holkar &#124; Hindi Video Songs | website=The Times of India }}</ref> |} == अमेरिकी फिलिम == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !scope="col"| साल !scope="col"| टाइटिल !scope="col"| रोल !scope="col"| भाषा !scope="col"| नोट |- | 2004 | scope="row" | ''द गर्ल नेक्स्ट डोर'' | खुद | अंग्रेजी | हॉलीवुड डेब्यू; [[कैमियो अपीयरेंस]] |- | 2008 | scope="row" | ''पाइरेट्स ब्लड'' | सनी | अंग्रेजी | |- | 2010 | scope="row" | ''द वर्जिनिटी हिट'' | सनी | अंग्रेजी | |- | 2016 | scope="row" | ''मोस्टली सनी'' | खुद | अंग्रेजी | डाकुमेंटरी जीवनी |} === पोर्नोग्राफिक फिलिम === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! साल ! टाइटिल ! रोल |- |2002 | scope="row" | ''पेंटहाउस वीडियोज: वर्चुअल हरम'' | सनी |-a |2003 | scope="row" | ''डेडली सिंगर्स'' | हॉट टब हसी |- |rowspan="3"| 2004 | scope="row" | ''मिस्टीक प्रेजेंट्स एच20एचएच'' | |- | scope="row" | ''बस्टी कॉप्स'' | तालुका लेक |- | scope="row" | ''लैंजरी: द सीक्रेट आर्ट ऑफ़ सिडक्शन'' | सनी |- |rowspan="3"| 2005 | scope="row" | ''सेंटरफोल्ड फेटिश'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी'' | |- | scope="row" | ''अलबामा जोन्स एंड द बस्टी क्रूसेड'' | क्वीन ऑफ़ द जंगल |- |rowspan="4"| 2006 | scope="row" | ''बस्टी कॉप्स 2'' | तालुका लेक |- | scope="row" | ''वर्चुअल विविड गर्ल सनी लियोनी'' | सनी लियोनी |- | scope="row" | ''सनी & शेर'' | सनी |- | scope="row" | ''द फीमेल गार्डनर'' | |- |rowspan="4"| 2007 | scope="row" | ''डेबी डज डलास... अगेन'' | कोर्की |- | scope="row" | ''सनी लव्ज मैट'' | सनी |- | scope="row" | ''इट्स सनी इन ब्राजील'' | |- | scope="row" | ''द सनी एक्पेरिमेंट'' | |- |rowspan="5"| 2008 | scope="row" | ''दि अदर साइड ऑफ़ सनी'' | |- | scope="row" | ''डार्क साइड ऑफ़ द सन'' | |- | scope="row" | ''डीसेंट इनटू बांडेज'' | |- | scope="row" | ''कास्च्यूम्ड डैमसेल इन डिस्ट्रेस'' | जिप्सी गर्ल |- | scope="row" | ''द हाउस ऑफ़ नैकेड कैप्टिव्ज'' | |- |rowspan="5"| 2009 | scope="row" | ''अनड्रेस मी'' | |- | scope="row" | ''डेविएंस'' | |- | scope="row" | ''नॉटी अमेरिका 4 हर 6'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी'ज स्लंबर पार्टीज'' | सनी |- | scope="row" | ''सनी'ज बी/जी एडवेंचर'' | |- |rowspan="10"| 2010 | scope="row" | ''लाइव गोंजो'' | |- | scope="row" | ''शट अप एंड फक मी'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी'ज कास्टिंग काउच: आई वाना बी अ पोर्नस्टार'' | |- | scope="row" | ''आल सनी आल द टाइम'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी लव्ज एचडी पोर्न'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी लव्ज एचडी पोर्न 2'' | |- | scope="row" | ''गर्लफ्रेंड्स 2'' | |- | scope="row" | ''होकस पोकस ट्रिपल एक्स'' | टाउन्सफोक |- | scope="row" | ''जिया: पोर्ट्रेट ऑफ़ अ पोर्न स्टार'' | जिया |- | scope="row" | ''नॉट चार्ली'ज एंजेल्स ट्रिपल एक्स'' | केली |- |rowspan="4"| 2011 | scope="row" | ''रोलप्ले'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी & द सूटकेस'' | सनी |- | scope="row" | ''लाइज: डायरी ऑफ़ एन एस्कोर्ट'' | |- | scope="row" | ''बैंग वान ब्लोआउट विद निक स्वार्डसन'' | |- |rowspan="4"| 2012 | scope="row" | ''सनी लियोनी: गॉडेस'' | |- | scope="row" | ''लेस्बियन वर्कआउट'' | |- | scope="row" | ''सनी लियोनी: इरोटिका'' | |- | scope="row" | ''होम अलोन'' | |- | 2013 | scope="row" | ''चार्ली'ज गर्ल्स: जॉर्जिया जोन्स'' | |} == टीवी == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" | साल ! scope="col" | टाइटिल ! scope="col" | रोल ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | नोट ! संदर्भ |- |2005 | scope="row" | ''एमटीवी अवार्ड्स'' | रिपोर्टर | | |- |2007 | scope="row" | ''डेबी डज डलास'' | खुद | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | scope="row" | ''माई बेयर लेडी'' | कंटेस्टेंट | | |- | scope="row" |''को-एड कांफिडेंशियल'' | स्ट्रिपर | | |- | 2011–2012 | scope="row" | ''बिग बॉस सीजन 5'' | कंटेस्टेंट | 6वाँ अस्थान | |- | 2014 | ''हांटेड वीकेंड्स विद सनी लियोन'' | होस्ट | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/sunny-leone-hosts-a-horror-show/|title=Sunny Leone hosts a horror show|date=14 March 2014}}</ref> |- | 2014–अबतक | scope="row" | ''एमटीवी स्प्लिट्सविला'' | होस्ट | | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sardesai|first=Shreya|date=2014-05-06|title=MTV Splitsvilla 7: Sunny Leone makes the temperature rise! Watch exclusive video|url=https://www.india.com/viral/mtv-splitsvilla-7-sunny-leone-makes-the-temperature-rise-watch-exclusive-video-51532/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Parande|first=Shweta|date=2015-07-25|title=MTV Splitsvilla 8: Sunny Leone casts a spell on contestants (Watch Episode 1 video)|url=https://www.india.com/viral/mtv-splitsvilla-8-sunny-leone-casts-a-spell-on-contestants-watch-episode-1-video-476840/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> |- |2016 | scope="row" |''बॉक्स क्रिकेट लीग'' | कंटेस्टेंट | चेन्नई स्वैगर्स टीम के मेंबर | <ref>{{Cite web|title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-actors-10-teams-and-1-winner-let-the-game-begin/articleshow/50219718.cms|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> |- | 2018 | scope="row" |''मैन वर्सेस वाइल्ड विद सनी लियोन'' | होस्ट | | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-15|title=Sunny Leone in Discovery JEET's show Man Vs Wild|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/sunny-leone-in-discovery-jeet-s-show-man-vs-wild-171215 |access-date=2021-10-14|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref> |} == वेब सीरीज == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! साल ! टाइटिल ! रोल ! प्लेटफ़ॉर्म ! संदर्भ |- | 2018–2019 | ''करनजीत कौर: दि अनटोल्ड स्टोरी ऑफ़ सनी लियोन'' | खुद | [[जी5]] | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/people/sunny-leones-biopic-to-premiere-on-zee5-from-july-16-watch-teaser-2121675.html |title=Sunny Leone's biopic to premiere on ZEE5 from July 16—Watch teaser |accessdate = 2018-07-02|publisher=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Karenjit Kaur: The Untold Story Of Sunny Leone second season announced; to premiere on 18 September- Entertainment News, Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/karenjit-kaur-the-untold-story-of-sunny-leone-second-season-announced-to-premiere-on-18-september-5007831.html |work=Firstpost |date=21 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/sunny-leone-karenjit-kaur-season-3-release-date-zee5-trailer-the-untold-story-2007343|title=Sunny Leone's ZEE5 Biopic Will Conclude With Season 3 on April 5|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref> |- | 2019 | रागिनी एमएमएस रिटर्न्स | मीना | आल्ट बालाजी | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sunny-leone-collaborate-ekta-kapoor-dance-number-ragini-mms-returns/|title = Sunny Leone to collaborate with Ekta Kapoor for a dance number in Ragini MMS Returns : Bollywood News|work=Bollwood Hungama|date = 13 November 2019}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''बुलेट्स'' | टीना | एमएक्स प्लेयर | <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 8, 2021|first=Shweta|last=Keshri|title=Sunny Leone is all excited to do high-octane action in new web series Bullets|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sunny-leone-is-all-excited-to-do-high-octane-action-in-new-web-series-bullets-1757146-2021-01-08|access-date=2021-08-23|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''वन माइक स्टैंड'' | खुद | [[अमेजन प्राइम]] | |- |2022 | ''अनामिका'' | अनामिका | एमएक्स प्लेयर | |- |} === अउरी दूसर मीडिया अपीयरेंस === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !scope="col"| साल !scope="col"| टाइटिल !scope="col"| रोल !scope="col"| टाइप ! class="unsortable" scope="col"| नोट |- | 2001 | scope="row" | ''लिविन' इट अप'' | डांसर | वीडियो क्लिप | जा रूले के गाना |- | 2007 | scope="row" | ''पॉकेट पूल'' | ''पेंटहाउस पेट'' | प्ले स्टेशन पोर्टेबल गेम | |} == अवार्ड आ नॉमिनेशन == {| class="wikitable" style="width:75%;" |+ सनी लियोन के अवार्ड आ नॉमिनेशन |- ! style="width:10%;"| साल ! style="width:18%;"| अवार्ड ! style="width:34%;"| कटेगरी ! style="width:34%;"| काम जवना प नॉमिनेशन रहल ! style="width:12%;"| रिजल्ट ! style="width:4%;"| संदर्भ |- |align=center| 2007 |align=center| एवीएन अवार्ड्स | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल सेक्स सीन वीडियो | ''वर्चुअल विविड गर्ल सनी लियोन'' | {{nom}} | |- |align=center|2008 |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| एक्सबिज अवार्ड | वेब बेब ऑव दि इयर | | {{won}} | <ref name=xbizwinners>{{cite web|url=http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php|title=XBIZ Award Winners|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-date=3 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103173201/http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|2009 | क्रासओवर स्टार | ''माई बेयर लेडी 2'' <small>(ब्रूक हेवन, केसी पारकर आ वेरोनिका रायनी के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- |rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;"| एवीएन अवार्ड्स | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल्स कपल्स सेक्स सीन | ''सनी लव्ज मैट'' <small>(आने मेरी रियोस के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट कपल्स सेक्स सीन | ''सनी लव्ज मैट'' <small>(मैट एरिक्सन के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट टीज परफार्मेंस | ''सनी लव्ज मैट'' | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट सोलो सेक्स सीन | ''द सनी एक्सपेरिमेंट'' | {{nom}} | |- | फीमेल परफार्मर ऑफ़ दि इयर | | {{nom}} | |- | जेना जेम्सन क्रासओवर स्टार ऑफ़ दि इयर | ''माय बेयर लेडी 2'' <small>(ब्रूक हेवन, केसी पारकर आ वेरोनिका रायनी के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| 2010 | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल ग्रुप सेक्स सीन | ''डेवियेंस'' <small>(ईवा एंजेलीना, टीगन प्रेस्ली आ अलेक्सिस टेक्सास के साथे)</small> | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web | title =2010 AVN Award Winners Announced | publisher =AVN.com | url =http://business.avn.com/articles/37142.html | date =10 January 2010 | access-date =10 January 2010 | archive-date =13 January 2010 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100113093712/http://business.avn.com/articles/37142.html | url-status =dead }}</ref> |- | वेब स्टारलेट ऑफ़ दि इयर | |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past-shows/past-winners/ |title=AVN – 2010 AVN Awards Show&nbsp;— AVN Award Winners for 2010 |publisher=Avnawards.avn.com |access-date=22 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719165434/http://avnawards.avn.com/past-shows/past-winners/ |archive-date=19 July 2011}}<!--Live version shows 2012 winners; archived version shows 2010 winners.--></ref> |- | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल कपल्स सेक्स सीन | ''सनी'ज स्लंबर पार्टी'' <small>(जेना हेज़ के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल ग्रुप सेक्स सीन | ''सनी'ज स्लंबर पार्टी'' <small>(मोनीक एलेक्जेंडर, अलीसा रीस आ अलेक्सिस टेक्सास के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- |align=center| एफ.ए.एम.ए. अवार्ड्स | फेवरिट ब्रेस्ट्स | | {{won}} | <ref name=fame10>{{cite web |title=The F.A.M.E. Awards Reveals 2010 Winners |publisher=AVN.com |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/The-F-A-M-E-Awards-Reveals-2010-Winners-402778.html |date=10 July 2010 |access-date=11 July 2010 |archive-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713010747/http://business.avn.com/articles/The-F-A-M-E-Awards-Reveals-2010-Winners-402778.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;"|2011 |align=center| जार्को अवार्ड्स | मेनस्ट्रीम एडल्ट मीडिया फेवरिट | | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="11" style="text-align:center;"| एवीएन अवार्ड्स | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल ग्रुप सेक्स सीन | ''गर्लफ्रेंड्स 2'' <small>(एन मारी रियोस, हैली वांडरवेन आ सारा वांडेला के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल ग्रुप सेक्स सीन | ''गर्लफ्रेंड्स 2'' <small>(माइल्स लांग, हैली वांडरवेन, आन मारी रियोस सारा वांडेला के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | क्रासओवर स्टार ऑफ़ दि इयर | | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट ऐक्ट्रेस | ''जिया: पोर्ट्रेट ऑफ़ अ पोर्न स्टार'' | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट थ्री-वे सेक्स सीन (G/G/B) | ''सनी'ज बिग एडवेंचर'' <small>(डेज़ी मारी आ वूडू के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल 3-वे सेक्स सीन | ''सनी'ज बिग एडवेंचर'' <small>(देवी इमर्सन आ कार्ली मोंटाना के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल ग्रुप सेक्स सीन | ''होकस पोकस ट्रिपल एक्स'' <small>(ईवा एंजेलीना, निक्की बेंज, कियारा डियान, ऑड्री हॉलिंडर आ मैडेलिन मारी के साथे</small> | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट आल-गर्ल ग्रुप सेक्स सीन | ''जिया: पोर्ट्रेट ऑफ़ अ पोर्न स्टार'' <small>(टोरी ब्लैक के साठे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| 2012 | बेस्ट गर्ल/गर्ल सेक्स सीन | ''रोलप्ले'' <small>(विद डेज़ी मारी)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | क्रासओवर स्टार ऑफ़ दि इयर | | {{nom}} | |- | बेस्ट सोलो सेक्स सीन | ''लाईज: डायरी ऑफ़ एन एस्कॉर्ट'' | {{nom}} | |- | align=center| एक्सबिज अवार्ड्स | पोर्न स्टार साइट ऑफ़ दि इयर | ''सनीलियोन.कॉम'' | {{won}} | <ref name="xbiz2012">{{cite web | last=Miller | first=Dan | title=2012 XBIZ Award Winners Announced | date=12 January 2012 |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/143012 | access-date=22 January 2012}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2013 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| एवीएन अवार्ड्स | क्रासओवर स्टार ऑफ़ दि इयर <small>(जेम्स डीन के साथे टाई भ गइल रहे)</small> | | {{won}} | <ref name="avnwin2013">{{Cite web|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/2013-winners/|title=Winners of the 2013 AVN Awards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128021819/http://avnawards.avn.com/2013-winners/|archive-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> |- | बेस्ट टीज़ परफार्मेंस | ''लेस्बियन वर्कआउट'' <small>(डेज़ी मारी के साथे)</small> | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| घंटा अवार्ड्स | वर्स्ट ब्रेकथ्रू | ''जिस्म 2'' | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 2016 | rowspan="2"| सभसे ख़राब ऐक्ट्रेस | ''एक पहेली लीला'' | {{nom}} | |- | ''कुछ कुछ लोचा है'' | {{nom}} | |- | 2023 | पिंकविला स्टाइल आइकन्स अवार्ड्स | सुपर स्टाइलिश हॉटी स्टेपर | {{N/A}} | {{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-2023-bhumi-pednekar-is-the-stylish-pathbreaker-ananya-bags-most-glamorous-icon-1215865|title=Pinkvilla Style Icons Edition 2 Winners list: Kiara Advani, Janhvi to Kartik Aaryan, a look at who won what!|date=7 April 2023|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=30 May 2023|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065217/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-2023-bhumi-pednekar-is-the-stylish-pathbreaker-ananya-bags-most-glamorous-icon-1215865|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2023 | बॉलीवुड हंगामा स्टाइल आइकन | मोस्ट स्टाइलिश ग्लैम स्टार | {{N/A}} | {{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Complete List of Winners of Bollywood Hungama Style Icon Awards |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/winners.php |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.bollywoodhungama.com}}</ref> |} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1981 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] pap7209z7yaiwr6jz1fp602k5nymbyu 0 50050 814114 745562 2026-11-06T15:49:23Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Indian politician | name = सत्यपाल मलिक | image = Governor of Bihar Satya Pal Malik.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|07|24|df=y}} | birth_place = मेरठ (अब बागपत जिला), उत्तर प्रदेश<ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3327.htm | title=9th Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile | publisher=लोक सभा | accessdate=30 सितंबर 2017}}</ref> | residence = | death_date = | death_place = | office = [[बिहार]] के [[बिहार के राज्यपाल|35वाँ राज्यपाल]] | term_start = 04 अक्टूबर 2017 | predecessor = [[केशरीनाथ त्रिपाठी]] | constituency1 = [[अलीगढ़]] | office1 = सांसद, लोकसभा | term1 = 1989-1991 | predecessor1 = उषा रानी तोमर | successor1 = शीला गौतम | office2 = सांसद, राज्यसभा | term2 = 1980-1989 | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | constituency2 = उत्तर प्रदेश | party = [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] | otherparty = | spouse = | children = | website = }} '''सत्यपाल मलिक''' एगो भारतीय राजनीतिक नेता बाड़ें। मलिक लोकसभा आ राज्यसभा के सांसद रह चुकल बाड़ें आ बिहार, जम्मूकाश्मीर, गोवा आ मेघालय के राज्यपाल रह चुकल बाड़ें। ==जीवन== सत्यपाल मलिक के जनम उत्तर प्रदेश के मेरठ जिला के एगो गाँव में (अब बागपत जिला) एक ठो मध्यमबर्ग के परिवार में भइल। मेरठ कालेज से इनके पढ़ाई भइल। मलिक राजनीति में आवे से पहिले बीए एलएलबी के पढ़ाई कइलेन। ==कैरियर== मलिक एकरे पहिले लोकसभा आ राज्य सभा दुनों में सांसद रह चुकल बाने। नउवीं लोकसभा में ई अलीगढ सीट से जीत के चहुँपल रहलें आ 1989 से 1991 तक ले सांसद रहलें। एकरे पहिले इनके उत्तर प्रदेश से राज्यसभा के सांसद के रूप में चुनल गइल रहे आ एह पद पर 1980 से 1989 तक ले रहलें। बिहार के राज्यपाल नियुक्त होखे से ठीक पहिले सत्यपाल मलिक, भाजपा के उपाध्यक्ष (वाइस-प्रेसिडेंट) रहलें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1946 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के राज्यपाल]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय जनता पार्टी के नेता]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के लोग]] {{india-politician-stub}} 3pwz3xz5tid7dawsbaz1cz3uo1e5781 0 50370 814395 665245 2026-11-07T07:17:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = सुषमा स्वराज |office = बिदेस मंत्री |image = Secretary Tillerson is Greeted by Indian Minister of External Affairs Swaraj (24074726498) (cropped).jpg |caption = सुषमा स्वराज |predecessor = [[सलमान ख़ुर्शीद]] |primeminister = [[नरेंद्र मोदी]] |successor = |office2 = लोकसभा में बिपक्ष के नेता |predecessor2 = [[लालकृष्ण अडवाणी]] |party = भाजपा |office1 = दूरदेस में भारत संबंधी मामिला मंत्री |predecessor1 = वायलर रवि |primeminister1 = नरेंद्र मोदी |successor1 = पद समाप्त |successor2 = खाली |birth_name = सुषमा |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1952|2|14}} |birth_place = अंबाला कैंट, पंजाब, [[भारत]]<br/>(अब हरियाणा में) |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2019|8|6|1952|2|14}} |death_place = नई दिल्ली, दिल्ली, भारत |death_cause = कार्डिक अरेस्ट (दिल के धड़कन रुकल) |spouse = स्वराज कौशल |alma_mater = सनातन धर्म कालेज<br>पंजाब यूनिवर्सिटी |term_start = 26 मई 2014 |term_end = 31 मई 2019 |term_start1 = 26 मई 2014 |term_end1 = 7 जनवरी 2016 |term_start2 = 21 दिसंबर 2009 |term_end2 = 26 मई 2014 }} '''सुषमा स्वराज''' (14 फरवरी 1952 – 6 अगस्त 2019) एगो भारतीय राजनीतिक नेता रहली आ भारत के बिदेस मंत्री आ लोकसभा में बिपक्ष के नेता रह चुकल रहली। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1952 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:पंजाबी लोग]] [[श्रेणी:हरियाणा के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय जनता पार्टी के नेता]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के बिदेसमंत्री]] {{india-politician-stub}} 6rro4d2fnjus0xopb5cq67whkr5vx9h 0 50628 813958 669404 2026-11-06T12:59:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Indian politician |honorific-prefix = | name = शशि थरूर | honorific-suffix = | image = Shashi Tharoor 2015.jpg | caption = लंदन कांफ्रेंस में थरूर, जून 2015 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|3|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लंदन]], [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम]] | alma_mater = [[सेंट स्टीफेंस कॉलेज, दिल्ली]] (बीए)<br />तुफ्ट्स यूनिवर्सिटी (एमए, एमएएलडी, पीएचडी) | residence = [[नई दिल्ली]]/ [[तिरुअनंतपुरम]] | occupation = लेखक, राजनीतिक नेता, बक्ता | spouse = तिलोत्तमा मुखर्जी (तलाक)<br />क्रिस्ता गिल्स (तलाक)<br />सुनंदा पुष्कर (2010 – 2014; निधन)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mumbaivoice.com/sunanda-pushkar-dead-hotel-leela-delhi |title=Sunanda Pushkar Found Dead at Leela Hotel in Delhi |work=Mumbai Voice |date=19 January 2014 |accessdate=16 January 2016}}</ref> | children = ईशान, कनिष्क | office1 = सांसद, लोकसभा | constituency1 = तिरुअनंतपुरम सीट | term_start1 = 16 मई 2009 | party = [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] | parliament1 = भारतीय | predecessor1 = पी रवींद्रन | successor1 = | office2 = मानव संसाधन बिकास राज्यमंत्री | primeminister2 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] | term_start2 = 28 अक्टूबर 2012 | term_end2 = 18 मई 2014 | predecessor2 = डी पुरंदेश्वरी | successor2 = उपेंद्र कुशवाहा | office3 = बिदेस राज्यमंत्री | primeminister3 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] | term_start3 = 28 मई 2009 | term_end3 = 18 अप्रैल 2010 | predecessor3 = आनंद शर्मा | successor3 = ई अहमद |office4 = यूनाइटेड नेशंस के अंडर सेक्रेटरी, संचार आ जन जानकारी |1blankname4 = {{nowrap|सेक्रेटरी-जनरल}} |1namedata4 = [[कोफ़ी अन्नान]] |term_start4 = 1 जून 2002 |term_end4 = 9 फरवरी 2007 |predecessor4 = |successor4 = कियोताका अकास्का | website = {{URL|http://shashitharoor.in}} }} '''शशि थरूर''' (जनम 9 मार्च 1956) एगो भारतीय लेखक, राजनीतिक नेता आ भूतपूर्व डिप्लोमैट बाने। मनमोहन सिंह सरकार में थरूर मानव संसाधन बिकास मंत्रालय आ बिदेस मंत्रालय में राज्यमंत्री के पद पर रहलें। एकरे पहिले थरूर यूनाइटेड नेशंस के संचार आ जन जानकारी खाती अंडर सेक्रेटरी पद पर रहि चुकल बाने। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1956 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के राजनीतिक नेता]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के लोग]] {{india-politician-stub}} 91e8scu4be79hfh5l86qzslxk8crvv6 0 50629 814171 513883 2026-11-06T15:55:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = सलमान ख़ुर्शीद |image = Salman Khurshid portrait.jpg |office = बिदेस मंत्री |primeminister = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] |term_start = 28 अक्टूबर 2012 |term_end = 26 मई 2014 |predecessor = एस एम कृष्णा |successor = [[सुषमा स्वराज]] |office1 = कानून आ न्याय मंत्री |primeminister1 = [[मनमोहन सिंह]] |term_start1 = 28 मई 2011 |term_end1 = 28 अक्टूबर 2012 |predecessor1 = वीरप्पा मोइली |successor1 = अश्विनी कुमार |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1953|1|1}} |birth_place = [[अलीगढ़]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] |nationality = [[भारत के लोग|भारतीय]] |spouse = लुईस खुर्शीद |alma_mater = सेंट स्टीफेंस कालेज, दिल्ली<br>सेंट एडमंड हाल, आक्सफोर्ड }} '''सलमान खुर्शीद''' (जनम 1 जनवरी 1953) एगो भारतीय राजनीतिक नेता, कानून के जानकार आ लेखक बाने।<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.mea.gov.in/eam.htm| title= External affairs minister | date=20 January 2013}}</ref> [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] के नेता के रूप में, ख़ुरशीद 2009 में फरूखाबाद सीट से लोकसभा के सांसद चुनल गइल रहलें। एकरे पहिले दसवीं लोकसभा में भी सांसद रहलें। मनमोहन सरकार में खुर्शीद, बिदेस मंत्री रहलें आ पहिले 1991 में बाणिज्य मंत्री के पद पर भी रहलें।<ref name=ku/> अपना राजनितिक कैरियर के सुरुआत ऊ [[इंदिरा गाँधी]] के जमाना में प्रधानमंत्री कार्यालय में स्पेशल ड्यूटी अफसर के रूप में कइले रहलें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1953 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के नेता]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के बिदेसमंत्री]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के लोग]] {{india-politician-stub}} lgukl75jf6lwtutoo21cg0kk978nwqb 0 50656 814386 513923 2026-11-07T07:16:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सुरुज देवता''' दुनिया के कई [[धर्म]] आ [[संस्कृति]] सभ में आकाश के प्राकृतिक पिंड [[सुरुज]] के देवता रूप में कल्पित कइल रूप हवें। आमतौर पर एह देवता के आकाश में रहे वाला आ शक्तिमान ताकत मानल जाला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:देवी-देवता]] [[श्रेणी:कथा]] {{reli-stub}} g99ib56n7d0esvp2u1xfckurp2u1z74 0 50659 814409 765841 2026-11-07T07:28:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | type = हिंदू | image = | affiliation = [[ग्रह (दक्खिन एशियाई संस्कृति में)|ग्रह]], [[देव (हिंदू धर्म)|देव]], [[नवग्रह]] | god_of = '''[[सुरुज]]''' <br> अँजोर, शक्ति, [[बुद्धिमानी]] | mount = सात घोड़ा से खींचल जाए वाला रथ<br>सारथी: [[अरुण]]<ref name="Jansen 65">Jansen, Eva Rudy. ''The Book of Hindu Imagery: Gods, Manifestations and Their Meaning'', p. 65.</ref> | greek_equivalent = [[हेलियोस]] | abode = [[सुरुज]] | day = [[अतवार]] | caption = सूर्य देव (c. 1940) }} '''सूर्य''' भा '''सूर्य्य''' संस्कृत भाषा आ हिंदी में [[सुरुज]] के नाँव हवे। एकरे अलावा ई दक्खिन एशियाई क्षेत्र के धर्म सभ में देवता के रूप में पूजल जालें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन एशिया के संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू देवी-देवता]] [[श्रेणी:जैन धर्म]] [[श्रेणी:बौद्ध धर्म]] {{reli-stub}} r22emrzzfc2d74bbp83i9q8rckjbyjn 0 51086 814201 558185 2026-11-06T15:58:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Saffir-Simpson}} '''साफिर-सिंपसन हरीकेन हवा पैमाना''' (Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale) जेकरा संछेप में '''SSHWS''' भी कहल जाला, पच्छिमी गोलार्ध में आवे वाला उष्णकटिबंधी चक्रवात सभ - जिनहन के हरीकेन कहल जाला, के तेजी बतावे वाला पैमाना हवे आ ई अधिकतम लगातार हवा गति के हिसाब से हरीकेन सभ के पाँच श्रेणी में बाँटे ला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:मौसम बिज्ञान]] {{climate-stub}} {{geo-term-stub}} 1rno4zbyinpvch65rdgpx7s1j3lodxq 0 51148 814424 763207 2026-11-07T07:48:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = सेबास्टियान कुर्त्स |image = File:Sebastian Kurz crop.jpg |office1 = ऑस्ट्रियाई पीपल्स पार्टी के नेता |term_start1 = 1 जुलाई 2017<br>{{small|कार्यबाहक: 15 मई 2017 – 1 जुलाई 2017}} |term_end1 = |predecessor1 = Reinhold Mitterlehner |successor1 = |office2 = Chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |term_start2 = 1 जनवरी 2017 |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = Frank-Walter Steinmeier |successor2 = |office3 = ऑस्ट्रिया के बिदेस मंत्री |chancellor3 = Werner Faymann<br>Christian Kern |term_start3 = 16 दिसंबर 2013 |term_end3 = |predecessor3 = Michael Spindelegger |successor3 = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1986|8|27}} |birth_place = [[वियना]], [[आस्ट्रिया]] |death_date = |death_place = |nickname = "Wunderwuzzi"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/10/16/16482416/sebastian-kurz-austria-far-right-right-migrants|title=Meet the 31-year-old conservative poised to become Austria’s new chancellor|publisher=Vox|date=16 अक्टूबर 2017}}</ref> |party = ऑस्ट्रियाई पीपल्स पार्टी |alma_mater = वियना विश्वविद्यालय }} '''सेबास्टियान कुर्त्स''' (Sebastian Kurz; जनम 27 अगस्त 1986) एगो आस्ट्रियाई राजीनीतिक नेता बाने। कुर्त्स [[ऑस्ट्रिया]] के बिदेस मंत्री आ सामाजिक इंटीग्रेशन मंत्री रह चुकल बाने आ जब ऊ साल 2013 बिदेस मंत्री बनलें, यूरोप के सभसे कम उमिर के बिदेस मंत्री रहलें आ इनके उमिर 27 बरिस रहल।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/25407573|title=Austria swears in EU's youngest foreign minister Sebastian Kurz|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=16 December 2013}}</ref> मई 2017 में ई ऑस्ट्रियाई पीपल्स पार्टी (ÖVP) के चेयरमैन बनलें आ हाल में भइल चुनाव में एह पार्टी के जीत के बाद अब ऑस्ट्रिया के चांसलर बनिहें।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/hi/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87-31-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8/a-40964739 |title=ऑस्ट्रिया की कमान संभालेंगे 31 वर्षीय सेबास्टियान कुर्त्स &#124; दुनिया &#124; DW &#124; 16.10.2017 |publisher=DW |date= |accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/austria-election-exit-poll-result-sebastian-kurz-ovp-latest-projection-freedom-far-right-a8001811.html|title=Austria election results: Far-right set to enter government as conservatives top poll|publisher=The Independent|date=16 अक्टूबर 2017}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|Sebastian Kurz}} * [https://www.sebastian-kurz.at/en Personal Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919194939/http://www.sebastian-kurz.at/en/ |date=2016-09-19 }} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1986 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:ऑस्ट्रिया]] {{bio-stub}} 7goa9nrm60xi8yfm84an50ujb9tz6dv 0 51263 814144 593023 2026-11-06T15:52:36Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[संस्कृत]] के [[भाषा बिज्ञान]] में '''समास''' दू गो भा अधिका पद (शब्द) सभ के एक साथे जुड़ के एक पद के रूप ले लेवे कहल जाला। संस्कृत में अइसन समास बहुत मिले लें जे कई शब्द से मिल के बने लें आ अंतिम वाला में बिभक्ति के इस्तेमाल होला, पूरा चीज एकही पद के रूप में इस्तेमाल होला। संस्कृत में समास के रूप में मौजूद शब्द कबो-कबो दस से ढेर शब्दन से मिल के बनल भी हो सके लें। ==नाँव== ''[[लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी]]'' में समास के परिभाषा ''समसनं समासः'' (''सम्''पूर्वक ''असुँ'' क्षेपणे) के रूप में दिहल गइल बा, जेकर मतलब होला एक साथ मिला के संछेप कइल। हालाँकि, हर संछेप के समास ना होखे लें बलुक खाली अइसन दसा के समास कहल जाला जब दू भा दू से अधिका पद मिल के एक पद के रूप ले लें। ==प्रकार== संस्कृत भाषा बिज्ञान में पाँच प्रकार के समास बतावल गइल बाने: * '''केवलसमास''' - जेकरे कवनों नाँव ना दिहल गइल होखे ऊ बेनाम भा केवलसमास कहल जाला। * '''अव्ययीभाव''' - जहाँ पहिला पद अक्सर अव्यव होला आ समास के बाद पूरा पद अव्यय बन जाला। * '''तत्पुरुष''' - जेह में अंतिम पद में कौनों बिभक्ति (दूसरी से सतईं बिभक्ति ले) होखे ले। कर्मधारय आ द्विगु नाँव के दू गो समास एही के उपभेद होलें। * '''बहुब्रीहि''' - जहाँ समास के बाद दुन्नो (भा सगरी) पद सभ के आपन-आपन अरथ से अलग कौनों तिसरा (अन्य) चीज के ओर इशारा होखे लागे। * '''द्वंद्व''' - जहाँ अगर दू गो पद जुड़ें आ दूनों के बराबर महत्त्व होखे आ दुनों मिल के जोड़ा के रूप में एकही पद के रूप में इस्तेमाल होखे लागें। {{Clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * समास [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत व्याकरण]] {{linguistics-stub}} cjeepz2ofa1ud591stzyyrds38bk1x5 0 51389 814332 726700 2026-11-07T05:36:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* रिहायशी बिल्डिंग */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> | official_name = सिविल लाइंस | native_name = <!-- if different from the English name --> | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | other_name = कैनिंगटन | settlement_type = इलाहाबाद के मोहल्ला <!-- transliteration(s) --------> | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type = | translit_lang1_info = | translit_lang1_type1 = | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = | translit_lang1_info2 = <!-- etc., up to translit_lang1_type6 / translit_lang1_info6 --> | translit_lang2 = | translit_lang2_type = | translit_lang2_info = | translit_lang2_type1 = | translit_lang2_info1 = | translit_lang2_type2 = | translit_lang2_info2 = <!-- etc., up to translit_lang2_type6 / translit_lang2_info6 --> <!-- images, nickname, motto ---> | image_skyline = Allahabad city.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = इलाहबाद के आकासरेखा, इंदिरा भवन वाला इलाका | image = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | flag_link = | image_seal = | seal_size = | seal_alt = | seal_link = | image_shield = | shield_size = | shield_alt = | shield_link = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = <!-- defaults to Logo --> | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | blank_emblem_link = | motto = | anthem = | nickname = ''White Town'' <ref>{{cite web|title=Death of a small town|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/14/india.features114|accessdate=22 April 2014}}</ref><ref name=TempWest/> <!-- maps and coordinates ------> | image_map = | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = |dot_y = | pushpin_map = <!-- name of a location map as per Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_label = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map1 = | pushpin_label_position1 = | pushpin_label1 = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_map_alt1 = | pushpin_mapsize1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> <!-- location ------------------> | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = [[भारत]] | subdivision_type1 = राज्य | subdivision_name1 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = शहर | subdivision_name2 = [[इलाहाबाद]] <!-- established ---------------> | established_title = बसावल गइल | established_date = 1857 | established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date1 = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | founder = सी॰ बी॰ थाॅर्नहिल | named_for = <!-- seat, smaller parts -------> | seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat --> | seat = | parts_type = <!-- defaults to: Boroughs --> | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> | p1 = | p2 = <!-- etc., up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- government type, leaders --> | government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | government_type = मेयर-समिति | governing_body = [[प्रयागराज नगर निगम]] | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = <!-- add &nbsp; (no-break space) to disable automatic links --> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --> <!-- display settings ---------> | total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --> <!-- area ----------------------> | area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> | dunam_link = <!-- If dunams are used, this specifies which dunam to link. --> | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> | area_total_sq_mi = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --> | area_total_ha = | area_total_acre = | area_total_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_ha = | area_land_acre = | area_land_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_ha = | area_water_acre = | area_water_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_water_percent = | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_ha = | area_urban_acre = | area_urban_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_rural_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_rural_km2 = | area_rural_sq_mi = | area_rural_ha = | area_rural_acre = | area_rural_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_metro_ha = | area_metro_acre = | area_metro_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank1_acre = | area_blank1_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_blank2_sq_mi = | area_blank2_ha = | area_blank2_acre = | area_blank2_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_note = <!-- dimensions -----------------> | dimensions_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | length_km = | length_mi = | width_km = | width_mi = <!-- elevation -----------------> | elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = <!-- population ----------------> | population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = <!-- for automatic calculation of any density field, use: auto --> | population_density_sq_mi= | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_urban_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_rural_footnotes = | population_rural = | population_density_rural_km2 = | population_density_rural_sq_mi = | population_metro_footnotes = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_density = | population_density_rank = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi= | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank2_km2 = | population_density_blank2_sq_mi= | population_demonym = <!-- demonym, e.g. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --> | population_note = <!-- demographics (section 1) --> | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = <!-- etc., up to demographics1_title5 / demographics1_info5 --> <!-- demographics (section 2) --> | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = <!-- etc., up to demographics2_title5 / demographics2_info5 --> <!-- time zone(s) --------------> | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = <!-- postal codes, area code ---> | postal_code_type = पिनकोड | postal_code = 211001 | area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> | area_code = | geocode = | iso_code = | registration_plate = <!-- blank fields (section 1) --> | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = <!-- etc., up to blank7_name_sec1 / blank7_info_sec1 --> <!-- blank fields (section 2) --> | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank2_name_sec2 = | blank2_info_sec2 = <!-- etc., up to blank7_name_sec2 / blank7_info_sec2 --> <!-- website, footnotes --------> | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''सिविल लाइंस''' (पुराना नाँव '''कैनिंग टाउन''' जेकरा '''कैनिंगटन''' भी कहल जाय) [[इलाहाबाद]] के एगो मोहल्ला बा। ई मोहल्ला इलाहाबाद के सभसे प्रमुख पर्यटक आकर्षण [[त्रिवेणी संगम]] से करीबन 7 किलोमीटर पच्छिमी दिसा में बाटे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttarpradesh.gov.in/hi/details/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F/39003900 |title=संगम और घाट &#124; प्रयागराज &#124; उत्तर प्रदेश पर्यटन |publisher=Uttarpradesh.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2019-01-29}}</ref> वर्तमान में ई इलाहाबाद के ''सेंट्रल बिजनेस डिस्ट्रिक्ट'' के रूप में डेवलप हो चुकल बा आ बड़ी-बड़ी इमारत, मॉल, शो-रूम आ अपार्टमेंट वाला इलाका बन गइल बा। चौकोर ग्रिड नियर बनावट में बनल सड़क वाला ई मोहल्ला रिहायशी कॉलोनी के रूप में बसावल गइल रहल आ इहाँ बड़े-बड़े बंगला रहलें, जबकि अब ई पूरा तरीका से कमर्शियल एरिया बनत जा रहल बा। 1858 में, सी. बी. थाॅर्नहिल के निगरानी में बसावल गइल ई इलाका अपना समय में भारत के सभसे बड़हन टाउन प्लानिंग प्रोजेक्ट रहल, जब तक ले कि दिल्ली शहर में प्लानिंग से बसाव ना शुरू भइल। ==इतिहास== मोहल्ला सिविल लाइंस के 1858 में बसावल गइल, गदर के ठीक बाद, जब शहर के बिद्रोही लोग से आजाद करा लिहल गइल, एह इलाका में रहे वाला मुसलमान मेवाती समुदाय के लोगन के आठ गो गाँव<ref name=TempWest>{{cite book |last=Mishra |first=Pankaj |date=Oct 12, 2011 |title=Temptations of the West: How to be Modern in India, Pakistan and Beyond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyvjCTxS5-YC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=white+town+allahabad&source=bl&ots=WyH2Bs7Oq-&sig=zRhB_FOzqNnuw7pAjkI6W_eh5E4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=laFXU8aTBMT3rQfW_QE&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=white%20town%20allahabad&f=false |location=London |publisher=Pan Macmillan |pages= 35–36|isbn=9780330434683 |accessdate=Jan 23, 2014 }}</ref> तबाह क के ई इलाका खाली करावल गइल। ओह समय में ई ''वाइट टाउन'' (गोरा लोग के शहर) के नाँव से जानल जाय आ हिंदुस्तानी लोग के एह में जाए के इजाजत ना रहल। == रिहायशी बिल्डिंग == वर्तमान में, शहर चूँकि तीन ओर से नदी से घेराइल बाटे, इलाहाबाद में वर्टिकल ग्रोथ, मने की ऊँच बिल्डिंग बनावल बिकल्प के रूप में बा आ सिविल लाइंस एह मामिला में आगे बा जहाँ अइसन निर्माण हो रहल बा। इलाहाबाद के पहिली बारह मंजिल के इमारत एही सिविल लाइंस में महात्मा गाँधी मार्ग पर एडीए (अब पीडीए) के बनवावल संगम प्लेस रहल ह जे कामर्शियल आ ऑफिस खाती इस्तेमाल में आवे ला। बाकी अब ऊँच-ऊँच बिल्डिंग रिहायश खाती भी एह इलाका में भरपूर बन रहल बाड़ी सऽ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/allahabad-height-touch-the-sangam-city-1-721239.html |title=इलाहाबाद: ऊंचाई छूती संगम नगरी - Allahabad height touch the sangam city - AajTak |publisher=Aajtak.intoday.in |date=2013-02-09 |accessdate=2019-01-29}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{इलाहाबाद}} [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद के मोहल्ला]] h8bkgugse0wod1x50j54up40b8ogyil 0 51480 814410 764259 2026-11-07T07:28:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी 'निराला' | birth_name = दीनबंधु निराला | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = निराला | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1896|2|21}} | birth_place = [[मिदनापुर]], [[बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1961|10|15|1896|2|21}} | death_place = [[इलाहाबाद]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | occupation = लेखक, कवी | nationality = [[भारत के लोग|भारतीय]] | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = [[छायावाद]] | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = ''सरोज स्मृति'', ''[[राम की शक्ति पूजा]]'' | spouse = | partner = | children = सरोज | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | website = | portaldisp = }} '''सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' ''' (21 फरवरी 1896<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=urN55PYoaSgC&pg=PA32&dq=suryakant+tripathi+nirala+1896&hl=en&ei=c-AFTsuzJYTMrQeA9qGzDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=suryakant%20tripathi%20nirala%201896&f=false A history of Indian literature: Modern Indo-Arayan literatures ..., Volume 8]</ref>{{spaced ndash}}15 अक्टूबर 1961) आधुनिक हिंदी साहित्य के प्रमुख लेखक रहलें। इनके महाकवि के उपाधि दिहल गइल। लेखक, निबंधकार आ कवी के अलावा ई कुछ चित्रकारी भी कइलें। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * ''[[राम की शक्ति पूजा]]'' - निराला के एगो परसिद्ध कबिता। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:1896 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1961 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:लेखक]] {{poet-stub}} qnxytabu12i8zbtcgyp3ir4equfhefc 0 51489 814166 689824 2026-11-06T15:55:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सरोजिनी नायडू | image = Sarojini Naidu.jpg | caption = सरोजिनी नायडू | birth_name = सरोजिनी चट्टोपाध्याय | birth_date = {{birth date|1879|02|13}} | birth_place = [[हैदराबाद]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1949|03|02|1879|02|13}} | death_place = [[लखनऊ]], संजुक्त प्रांत, भारत<br/>(अब [[उत्तर प्रदेश]]) | nationality = [[भारत के लोग|भारत]] | alma_mater = [[मद्रास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />[[किंग्स कालेज लंदन]]<br />[[गिर्टन कालेज, कैंब्रिज]] | occupation = राजनीतिक एक्टिविस्ट, नारीवादी, लेखिका, कवयित्री | era = [[भारत के आजादी के लड़ाई|आजादी आन्दोलन]] | title = Nightingale of India | party = [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] | movement = [[भारत के आजादी के लड़ाई]] | spouse = गोविंदराजुलू नायडू (1898–1949) | children = पद्मजा नायडू आ अउरी तीन | parents = अघोर नाथ चट्टोपाध्याय, ब्रद सुंदरी देवी | relatives = [[हरीन्द्रनाथ चट्टोपाध्याय]], [[वीरेन्द्रनाथ चट्टोपाध्याय]], [[सुहासिनी चट्टोपाध्याय]], [[लीला नायडू]] }} {{Infobox Officeholder |honorific-suffix = |order = |office = संजुक्त प्रांत के पहिली राज्यपाल |term_start = 15 अगस्त 1947 |term_end = 2 मार्च 1949 |predecessor = पदस्थापना |successor = एच एम मोदी }} '''सरोजिनी नायडू''' एगो भारतीय राजनीतिक एक्टिविस्ट, नेता, कवि आ लेखिका रहली। [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के पहिली गवर्नर बनली। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1879 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1949 में निधन]] {{bio-stub}} 5bqvre2pzczqwnywy5zzg3hkujpeows 0 51492 814232 557082 2026-11-06T16:05:06Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Alexander the Great | title = [[Basileus]] of [[Macedon]], [[Hegemony|Hegemon]] of the [[League of Corinth|Hellenic League]], [[Shahanshah]] of [[Persia]], [[Pharaoh]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], [[Lord of Asia]] | image = Alexander the Great mosaic.jpg | image_size = 270px | caption = {{Citation | contribution = Alexander fighting king [[Darius III|Darius III of Persia]] | title = [[Alexander Mosaic]] | publisher = [[Naples National Archaeological Museum]]}} | succession = [[List of kings of Macedon|King of Macedonia]] | reign = 336–323 BC | predecessor = [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]] | successor = [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]]<br />[[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III]] | succession1 = [[Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt]] | reign1 = 332–323 BC | predecessor1 = [[Darius III]] | successor1 = [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]]<br />[[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III]] | succession2 = [[List of kings of Persia|King of Persia]] | reign2 = 330–323 BC | predecessor2 = [[Darius III]] | successor2 = [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]]<br />[[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III]] | succession3 = [[Lord of Asia|King of Asia]] | reign3 = 331–323 BC | predecessor3 = ''New office'' | successor3 = [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]]<br />[[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III]] | othertitles = | full name = Alexander III of Macedon | native_lang1 = [[Greek language|Greek]] | native_lang1_name1 ={{plainlist | * Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος{{Cref2|d}} (''Mégas Aléxandros'', Great Alexander) * Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας (''Aléxandros ho Mégas'', Alexander the Great) }} | spouse = [[Roxana]] of [[Bactria]]<br />[[Stateira II]] of [[Persia]]<br />[[Parysatis II]] of Persia | issue = [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] | house = [[Argead dynasty|Argead]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Philip II of Macedon]] | mother = [[Olympias|Olympias of Epirus]] | birth_date = 20 or 21 July 356 BC | birth_place = [[Pella]], [[Macedon]], [[Ancient Greece]] | death_date = 10 or 11 June 323 BC (aged 32)<!-- 32 years, 10 months and 20 days (approx.) --> | death_place = [[Babylon]] | religion = [[Religion in ancient Greece|Greek polytheism]] }} '''मैसीडोनिया के तीसरा सिकंदर''' (20/21 जुलाई 356 ईसापूर्व – 10/11 जून 323 ईसापूर्व) जिनके खाली '''सिकंदर''' भा '''सिकंदर महान''' (''अलेक्जेंडर दि ग्रेट'') के नाँव से जानल जाला, मकदूनिय के शासक आ बिजेता रहलें। इनके ब्यापक जुद्ध अभियान आ बड़हन साम्राज्य स्थापित करे खाती जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[चंगेज खान]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:एशियाई लोग]] {{bio-stub}} 5rqsdoh19i329oj7680sy1copxfqeka 0 51494 814407 797590 2026-11-07T07:28:19Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | religion = [[हिंदू धर्म]] | name = सूरदास | image = Surdas, detail of a painting of Surdas with a devoted Brahmin, Kishangarh style, Rajasthan, circa 18th century (cropped).jpg | alt = Surdas | caption = सूरदास के एगो पेंटिंग, किशनगढ़ स्टाइल, राजस्थान, लगभग 18वीं सदी | birth_date = {{circa|1483}} | birth_place = सीही गाँव, [[फरीदाबाद]], [[दिल्ली सल्तनत]] | death_date = {{circa|1563}} | death_place = [[ब्रज]] परसौली, [[मुगल राज]] | known_for = [[भक्ति आंदोलन]] के अगुआ, [[संत मत]], | literary_works = ''[[सूरसागर]]'', ''सूर सारावली'', ''साहित्य लहरी'' | philosophy = [[भक्ति]] | father = रामदास सारस्वत<ref name="knowledgeocean.in">{{Cite web|url=https://knowledgeocean.in/biography-of-surdas-in-hindi-jivan-parichay-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF/3290/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921003713/https://knowledgeocean.in/biography-of-surdas-in-hindi-jivan-parichay-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF/3290/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 September 2020|title = सूरदास का जीवन परिचय - Biography of Surdas in Hindi Jivan Parichay| date=16 September 2020 }}</ref> | mother = जमुनादास<ref name="knowledgeocean.in"/> }} '''सूरदास''' 16वीं सदी के प्रसिद्ध [[भक्त]] [[कवि]] आ गायक रहलें।<ref name=Klaustermaier>{{cite book|author=Klaus K. Klostermaier|title=A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_6-JbUiHB4C&pg=PA215| date=2007-07-05| publisher=SUNY Press| isbn=978-0-7914-7082-4|page=215}}</ref> सूर नाँव पड़े के कारन उनुकर आँख से आन्हर भइल रहे। ऊ खास तौर पर [[कृष्ण]] के भक्ति में लिखल अपना पद आ [[भजन]] सभ खातिर जानल जालें। उनकर अधिकतर भक्ति गीत [[ब्रजभाषा]] में रचल गइल हवें, जबकि कुछ रचना मध्यकालीन हिंदी के अउरी दूसर बोली, जइसे [[अवधी भाषा|अवधी]], में भी मिले लीं।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-17 |title=Surdas Biography - Surdas Poems - Life History in English |url=https://indiathedestiny.com/icons/poets-writers/surdas-biography/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=India the Destiny |language=en-US |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626144617/https://indiathedestiny.com/icons/poets-writers/surdas-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> सूरदास के जिनगी के कथा के वर्णन अक्सर पुष्टिमार्ग (वल्लभ संप्रदाय) के परंपरा के आधार पर कइल जाला। पुष्टिमार्ग के अनुसार सूरदास, [[वल्लभाचार्य]] के दीक्षित चेला रहलें। उनकर जीवन कथा ''[[चौरासी वैष्णवन की वार्ता]]'' ग्रंथ में मिलेला। सूरदास के पद, [[अष्टछाप]] के अउरी बाकी कवियन के रचना सभ के साथे, पुष्टिमार्ग के भजन-कीर्तन परंपरा के प्रमुख हिस्सा मानल जालें। हालाँकि, आधुनिक बिद्वान लोग सूरदास आ वल्लभाचार्य के बीच एह संबंध के ऐतिहासिक रूप से प्रमाणित ना मानेलें।<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |publisher=Brill |year=2018 |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Sūrdās |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Helene |editor-last3=Malinar |editor-first3=Angelika |editor-last4=Narayanan |editor-first4=Vasudha}}</ref> ''[[सूरसागर]]'' के परंपरागत रूप से सूरदास के रचल सभसे प्रमुख ग्रंथ मानल जाला। हालाँकि, विद्वान लोग के मान्यता ई बा कि एह ग्रंथ में शामिल कई पद बाद के कवियन द्वारा सूरदास के नाम से लिखल गइल हो सके लें। वर्तमान रूप में सूरसागर मुख्य रूप से गोकुल आ ब्रज के बालक कृष्ण के मनोहर लीला सभ के वर्णन करेला। एह पदन में अक्सर गोपी लोग के दृष्टिकोण से कृष्ण के बाल रूप आ उनकर प्रेममय लीला सभ के चित्रण मिलेला। == जिनगी आ कबितई == सूरदास के जन्म के बारे में अलग-अलग मत मिलेला। Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature के अनुसार उनकर जन्म 1258 ईस्वी में उत्तर प्रदेश के एगो ब्राह्मण परिवार में भइल रहे। जबकि Encyclopaedia Britannica में उनकर जीवनकाल परंपरागत रूप से 1483 से 1563 ईस्वी बतावल गइल बा। कुछ स्रोत उनकर संबंध सारस्वत ब्राह्मण, जाट भा ढाढ़ी समुदाय से जोड़ेलें। सूरदास के नाम के अर्थ "सूर्य के सेवक" होला। ब्रज भाषा के काव्य परंपरा में उनका के सर्वोच्च कवियन में गिनल जाला। ब्रज भाषा के संबंध व्रज क्षेत्र से बा, जहाँ हिन्दू परंपरा के अनुसार कृष्ण आपन बचपन बितवले रहलें। भक्त कवियन के जीवनचरित लिखे वाला नाभादास अपना ग्रंथ भक्तमाल में सूरदास के काव्य प्रतिभा के खूब प्रशंसा कइले बाड़ें। खास तौर पर ऊ कृष्ण के बाल लीला आ दिव्य क्रीड़ा के चित्रण में सूरदास के असाधारण कौशल के सराहना करेलें। सूरदास राम आ सीता पर भी कुछ पद लिखले रहलें, बाकिर उनकर अधिकांश रचना कृष्ण के जीवन, चरित्र आ लीलन पर केंद्रित बा। === कबितई === सूरदास के कविता के रचना मुख्य रूप से [[ब्रजभाषा]] में बाड़ी स। ओह जमाना में साहित्य के प्रमुख भाषा [[संस्कृत]] आ [[फ़ारसी]] मानल जालीं, जबकि ब्रज भाषा के आम लोग के बोली समझल जाय। सूरदास के रचना सभ ब्रजभाषा के साहित्यिक प्रतिष्ठा दियावे में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवलीं स। उनकर काव्य के कारण ब्रजभाषा के दर्जा एगो साधारण बोली से बढ़ के साहित्य के समृद्ध भाषा के रूप में स्थापित भइल। सूरदास के नाम से जुड़ल कविता सभ के एकट्ठा रूप से ''[[सूरसागर]]'' कहल जाला, जेकर अर्थ "सूर के सागर" होला। एह नाम के कारण ई बा कि उनका नाम से बहुत बड़हन संख्या में पद आ कविता सभ जुड़ल बाड़ी स। परंपरागत रूप से सूरसागर के बारह भाग में बाँटल जाला, जवन संरचना में [[श्रीमद्भागवत|भागवत पुराण]] से मिलत-जुलत बा। जइसे भागवत पुराण में कृष्ण के जीवन आ लीला सभ के बर्णन मिले ला, ओइसहीं सूरसागर के अधिकांश पद कृष्ण के जीवन, बाल लीला आ भक्ति पर केंद्रित बाड़ें। एह ग्रंथ में मिलल बहुत पद छह से दस गो तुकांत लाइन वाला गीतात्मक रचना के रूप में लिखल गइल हवें। कृष्ण के अलावा सूरदास के काव्य में राम आ सीता, विष्णु, शिव, आ हिन्दू परंपरा के पात्र जइसे गजेंद्र आ राजा बलि के भी वर्णन मिलेला। एकरे साथे उनका रचना में कवि के निजी आध्यात्मिक संघर्ष, भक्ति भावना आ ईश्वर से आत्मिक जुड़ाव के अभिव्यक्ति भी देखे के मिलेला। == दर्शन == [[वल्लभाचार्य]] के आठ प्रमुख शिष्यन के सामूहिक रूप से ''[[अष्टछाप]]'' कहल जाला। "अष्टछाप" के अर्थ "आठ गो मुहर" भा "आठ गो हस्ताक्षर" होला। एह नाम के संबंध ओह काव्य परंपरा से बा, जहाँ कवि अपना रचना के अंत में आपन छाप (काव्य-हस्ताक्षर) जोड़त रहलें। अष्टछाप के कवियन में सूरदास के सबसे प्रमुख आ श्रेष्ठ कवि मानल जाला। == पॉपुलर कल्चर में == सूरदास के जिनगी पर आधारित कई ठे फिलिम बन चुकल बाड़ी स। एहमें ''सूरदास'' (1939), ''भक्त सूरदास'' (1942), ''संत सूरदास'' (1975) आ ''चिंतामणि सूरदास'' (1988) प्रमुख बाड़ी स। आँख से आन्हर एगो दूसर भक्त कवि बिल्वमंगल (जिनका के कुछ परंपरन में सूरदास से जोड़ल जाला) आ चिंतामणि के कथा के भारतीय सिनेमा में कई बेर रूपांतरित कइल गइल बा। एह कथा पर आधारित फिल्मन में "बिल्वमंगल" भा "भगत सूरदास" (1919), जेकर निर्देशन रुस्तमजी धोतीवाला कइले रहलें; "बिल्वमंगल" (1932); "चिंतामणि" (1933), जेकर निर्देशन कल्लाकुरी सदाशिव राव कइले रहलें; "चिंतामणि" (1937), जेकर निर्देशन वाई. वी. राव कइले रहलें; "भक्त बिल्वमंगल" (1948), जेकर निर्देशन शांति कुमार कइले रहलें; "बिल्वमंगल" (1954), जेकर निर्देशन डी. एन. माधोक कइले रहलें; "भक्त बिल्वमंगल" (1954), जेकर निर्देशन पिनाकी भूषण मुखर्जी कइले रहलें; "चिंतामणि" (1956), जेकर निर्देशन पी. एस. रामकृष्ण राव कइले रहलें; "चिंतामणि" (1957), जेकर निर्देशन एम. एन. बसवराजैया कइले रहलें; "चिलम्बोली" (1963), जेकर निर्देशन जी. के. रामू कइले रहलें; "बिल्वमंगल" (1976), जेकर निर्देशन गोबिंद राय कइले रहलें; आ "विल्वमंगल की प्रतिज्ञा" (1996), जेकर निर्देशन संजय विरमानी कइले रहलें, शामिल बाड़ी स। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के कवि]] [[श्रेणी:भक्ति आंदोलन]] [[श्रेणी:संत मत]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू संत]] [[श्रेणी:वैष्णव संप्रदाय]] {{poet-stub}} ttz1zdycm5fpnyjx6xqesaqx98wcv2j 0 51526 813865 789252 2026-11-06T12:52:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विधायक''' ''(मेंबर ऑफ लेजिस्लेटिव असेंबली)'' भा '''एमएलए''' लोग [[भारतीय राज्य|भारतीय राज्यन]] के बिधान सभा खाती चुनल गइल सदस्य होलें। जनता इनहन लोग के सीधा-सीधा चुन के भेजे ले आ राज्य में सरकार बनावे के मोका ओह पार्टी के मिले ला जेकरे लगे सभसे ज्यादा बिधायक लोग के समर्थन होखे ला। [[श्रेणी:भारतीय राजनीति]] {{poli-stub}} kdauvesj8n2l96vqpgt5vmpi5kx97a5 0 51529 814051 777669 2026-11-06T13:41:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = संजय दत्त | image = Sanjay Dutt snapped promoting his film ‘Bhoomi’.jpg | caption = ''भूमी'' के प्रोमो के समय संजय दत्त | imagesize = 230px | parents = [[सुनील दत्त]]<br>[[नर्गिस]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1959|7|29}} | birth_place = [[बंबई]], [[बंबई स्टेट]], [[भारत]] | birth_name = संजय बलराज दत्त | other names = संजू बाबा | occupation = फिलिम एक्टर, प्रोड्यूसर, कामेडियन, राजनीतिक नेता, टीवी प्रस्तुतकर्ता | yearsactive = 1972<br> 1981– 2014 <br> 2016 – वर्तमान | spouse = {{marriage|ऋचा शर्मा<br>|1987|1996|end=d.}}<br/>{{marriage|रिया पिल्लई<br>|1998|2005|end=div.}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-would-love-to-write-my-biography-Sanjay-Dutt/articleshow/11860665.cms | title=I would love to write my biography: Sanjay Dutt | publisher=[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]] | date=13 फरवरी 2012 | accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref><br/>{{marriage|मान्यता दत्त<br>|2008}} | children = 3 | relatives = }} '''[[Sanjeev Giri]]''' (जनम 29 जुलाई 1959) एगो भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर आ राजनीतिक नेता बाने। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1959 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:मुंबई के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम एक्टर]] {{actor-stub}} tf4uqabjti0lvry9i86dy42rpsx8yt5 0 51530 814170 783581 2026-11-06T15:55:21Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सलमान खान | image = Salman Khan at Renault Star Guild Awards.jpg | alt = सलमान खान | caption = | birth_name = अब्दुल राशिद सलीम सलमान खान | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|12|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[इंदौर]], [[मध्य प्रदेश]], भारत | residence = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-editor-kaveree-bamzai-on-salman-khan-success-formula-film-bodyguard-and-his-health-after-surgery/1/150667.html |title=Salman Khan on Bodyguard's success: 'It's no big deal. You can't go mad about these things.'|work=India Today|date=9 September 2011 |accessdate=27 July 2012}}</ref> | nationality = [[भारत के लोग|भारतीय]] | occupation = {{hlist|एक्टर|फिलिम प्रोड्यूसर|सिंगर|प्रस्तुतकर्ता}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/salman-khan-to-amitabh-bachchan-philanthropic-bollywood/story-a81O2rgwp9AdqhuWryLOJL.html|title=Salman Khan to Amitabh Bachchan: philanthropic Bollywood|date=9 मई 2013|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | years_active = 1988–वर्तमान | television = ''दस का दम'' आ ''[[बिग बॉस]]'' | parents = सलीम खान (बाबूजी)<br>सुशीला चरक (महतारी) | relatives = | signature = }} '''अब्दुल राशिद सलीम सलमान खान''' (जनम 27 दिसंबर 1965),<ref>{{cite news|title=Bollywood wishes Salman Khan on his 46th birthday|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_bollywood-wishes-salman-khan-on-his-46th-birthday_1630590|accessdate=27 April 2012|newspaper=DNA India |date=27 दिसंबर 2011|agency=Press Trust of India|place=[[नई दिल्ली]]}}</ref> एगो भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर बाड़ेे। हिंदी सिनेमा में एक्टिंग के अलावा खान टीवी प्रस्तुतकर्ता के रूप में भी कुछ शो क चुकल बाड़ेे। ई एक बार काला हिरण के मार चुकल बाड़े एवं फुटपाथ पे लोगन के उपर गाड़ी चढ़ा चुकल बाड़े। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1965 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:मुंबई के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम एक्टर]] {{actor-stub}} iydeigusq7q0opkf014pvrw0rgli51o 0 51550 814379 645509 2026-11-07T07:15:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सुनील शेट्टी | image = Sunil Shetty.jpg | caption = सुनील शेट्टी | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|08|11}}<ref name=mangalo /> | birth_place = मुल्की, [[मैसूर राज]], [[भारत]]<br/>(अब कर्नाटक) | yearsactive = 1992–वर्तमान | occupation = एक्टर, बिजनेसमैन | birth_name = सुनील वीरप्पा शेट्टी<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunil Shetty’s father Virappa Shetty passes away|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/suniel-shettys-father-virappa-shetty-passes-away/articleshow/57406652.cms|website=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|accessdate=1 मार्च 2017}}</ref> | other names = अन्ना | spouse = {{marriage|माना शेट्टी|1991}} | children = अतिया शेट्टी<br />आहना शेट्टी }} '''सुनील शेट्टी''' (जनम 11 अगस्त 1961) एगो भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर बाने। [[हिंदी सिनेमा]] में काम करे के अलावा ई बिजनेसमैन भी बाड़ें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर लोग की सूची}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1961 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम एक्टर]] {{actor-stub}} isz36q9g6xhepzb70yeva7byozfhcpe 0 51620 814238 644932 2026-11-06T16:05:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = सिगमंड फ्रायड<br><small>Sigmund Freud</small> | image = Sigmund Freud LIFE.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = Sigmund Freud by Max Halberstadt, {{circa}} 1921<ref>{{cite web |last=Halberstadt |first=Max |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/98514770/ |title=Sigmund Freud, half-length portrait, facing left, holding cigar in right hand |date=c. 1921 |website=[[Library of Congress]] |accessdate=जून 8, 2017}}</ref> | birth_name = Sigismund Schlomo Freud | birth_date = {{birth date|1856|5|6|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Freiberg in Mähren]], [[Moravia]], [[Austrian Empire]]<br>(now [[Příbor]], Czech Republic) | death_date = {{death date and age|1939|9|23|1856|5|6|df=y}} | death_place = [[Hampstead]], [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | citizenship = | nationality = Austrian | fields = [[Neurology]], [[psychotherapy]], [[psychoanalysis]] | workplaces = [[University of Vienna]] | alma_mater = University of Vienna (MD, 1881) | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * {{nowrap|[[Franz Brentano]]}} * {{nowrap|[[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke|Ernst Brücke]]}} * {{nowrap|[[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus|Carl Claus]]}} }} | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Psychoanalysis | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = [[Franz Brentano|Brentano]], [[Josef Breuer|Breuer]], [[Jean Martin Charcot|Charcot]], [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Dostoyevsky]], [[Empedocles]], [[Gustav Fechner|Fechner]], [[Wilhelm Fliess|Fliess]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Eduard von Hartmann|von Hartmann]], [[Johann Friedrich Herbart|Herbart]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Plato]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]], [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[Sophocles]] | influenced = {{Plainlist| * {{nowrap|[[List of psychoanalysts]]}} * {{nowrap|[[List of psychoanalytical theorists]]}} }} | awards = {{Plainlist| * {{nowrap|[[Goethe Prize]] (1930)}} * {{nowrap|Foreign Member of the [[Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Tansley | first1 = A. G. | authorlink = Arthur Tansley| title = Sigmund Freud. 1856–1939 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1941.0002 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]]| volume = 3 | issue = 9 | pages = 246–275| year = 1941 | jstor = 768889| pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>}} }} | spouse = [[Martha Bernays]] (m. 1886–1939, his death) | signature = FreudSignature.svg | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''सिगमंड फ्रायड''' ({{IPAc-en|f|r|ɔɪ|d}} {{Respell|FROYD|'}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/freud "Freud"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPA-de|ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt|lang}}; जनम नाँव '''Sigismund Schlomo Freud'''; 6 मई 1856 – 23 सितंबर 1939) एगो ऑस्ट्रियाई न्यूरोलॉजिस्ट आ ''साइकोएनालिसिस'' बिधा के संस्थापक रहलें आ मनोरोग सभ के इलाज खाती साइकोएनालिस्ट आ मरीज के बीच बार्तालाप द्वारा इलाज के क्लिनिकल बिधि स्थापित कइलें।<ref name="Systems of Psychotherapy" /> सन 1938 में नाज़ी लोग से बचे खाती फ्रायड देस छोड़ दिहलें आ 1939 में इनके निधन [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम]] में भइल। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:1856 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1939 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:ऑस्ट्रिया के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:मनोबिज्ञान]] {{bio-stub}} qf295yeomc9ps83iyu62zgptp3ovw2c 0 51636 814134 782263 2026-11-06T15:51:35Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg|thumb|230px|alt=पिरामिड गीजा|प्राचीन मिस्र, पुराना जमाना के जटिल सांस्कृतिक-सामाजिक-राजनीतिक ब्यवस्था आ एह सभ से बनल सभ्यता के उदाहरण हवे।]] '''सभ्यता''' ({{Lang|en|civilization}})कौनों क्षेत्र में सांस्कृतिक-सामाजिक-राजनीतिक रूप से जटिल ब्यवस्था से बनल रूप हवे। एकरा के अइसन जटिल समाज के रूप में परिभाषित कइल जाला जहाँ शहरी बिकास, सांस्कृतिक उच्चवर्ग आ एकरे द्वारा लागू कइल गइल सामाजिक बर्ग बिभाजन, संचार-संबाद के बेहतर माध्यम (चीन्हा द्वारा, जइसे कि लिखाई में लिखल चीज वगैरह), आ [[प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण]] पर मनुष्य के जोर के साफ-साफ परभाव देखाई पड़त होखे।<ref name="Adams 1966">{{cite book|author=Adams, Robert McCormick|title=The Evolution of Urban Society|year=1966|page=13|publisher=Transaction Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrZOwKU0TlsC&q=%22civilizations+are+associated%22|isbn=9780202365947}}</ref><ref name="Haviland 2013">{{cite book|author=Haviland, William|title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2013|page=250|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DfEWAAAAQBAJ&q=%22civilization+refers+to+societies%22|display-authors=etal|isbn=1285675304}}</ref><ref name="Wright 2004">{{cite book|first=Ronald|last=Wright|title=A Short History of Progress|publisher=House of Anansi|year=2004|pages=115, 117, and 212|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=nzWPFQIEvfEC&q=%22technical,%20anthropological%22|isbn=9780887847066}}</ref><ref name="Llobera 2003">{{cite book|first=Josep|last=Llobera|title=An Invitation to Anthropology|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2003|pages=136–137|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_-LDyWxODjAC&q=%22best-known+definition%22|isbn=9781571815972}}</ref><ref name="Fernández-Armesto 2001">{{cite book|last=Fernández-Armesto|first=Felipe|title=Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=2001|url= https://books.google.com/?id=3MNzi698aXwC|isbn=9780743216500}}</ref><ref name="Boyden 2004">{{cite book|last=Boyden|first=Stephen Vickers|title=The Biology of Civilisation|year=2004|pages=7–8|publisher=UNSW Press|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TX78DfVbM7kC&q=%22the+essential+precondition%22|isbn=9780868407661}}</ref><ref name="Solms-Laubach 2007">{{cite book|first=Franz|last=Solms-Laubach|title=Nietzsche and Early German and Austrian Sociology|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2007|pages=115, 117, and 212|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxTITNduFc4C&dq|isbn=9783110181098}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/897810261|title=Children's literature, domestication, and social foundation : narratives of civilization and wilderness|last=Layla|first=Abdel Rahim|publisher=Routledge|year=1964|isbn=9780415661102|location=New York|pages=8|oclc=897810261}}</ref> वर्तमान में एह बात प वैज्ञानिक सहमति बा कि मनुष्ये एगो अइसन जीव जाति बा जेह में सभ्यता बनाए के संज्ञानात्मक (cognitive) क्षमता बा आ जवन धरती पर एह रूप में उभरल बा। हाले में एगो विचार प्रयोग, सिल्यूरियन परिकल्पना, ए बात पर विचार करेला कि "का भूवैज्ञानिक अभिलेख में कवनो औद्योगिक सभ्यता के पता लगावल संभव होई" जदि एह बात के संज्ञान में लिहल जाव की क्वार्टरनरी युग से पहिले के भूवैज्ञानिक जानकारी बहुत कम बा?<ref>Schmidt, Gavin A.; Frank, Adam (10 April 2018). "The Silurian Hypothesis: Would it be possible to detect an industrial civilization in the geological record?". {{arXiv|1804.03748}} [astro-ph.EP].</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:समाज]] [[श्रेणी:सभ्यता| ]] [[श्रेणी:इतिहास]] {{culture-stub}} {{hist-stub}} {{society-stub}} sf6a9dkdtmeyi4q5i6unk45apqyro7z 0 51649 814028 797782 2026-11-06T13:04:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* 2017 */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{अनुबाद|अंग्रेजी}}{{Infobox badminton player | name = श्रीकांत किदांबी | image = Yonex IFB 2013 - Eightfinal - Boonsak Ponsana&nbsp;— K. Srikanth 01.jpg | caption = 2013 फ्रांसीसी सुपर सीरीज में किदांबी | birth_name = श्रीकांत नाम्मालवार किदांबी | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|02|07}} | birth_place = रावुलापलेम, [[आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | height = {{height|m=1.78}} | weight = | residence = हैदराबाद, [[भारत]] | event = पुरुष सिंगल्स | highest_ranking = 2 | date_of_highest_ranking = 2 नवंबर 2017 | current_ranking = 2 |date_of_current_ranking = 2 नवंबर 2017 | played = | titles = 11 | country = {{IND}} | coach = पुलेला गोपीचंद, मुल्यो हांदोयो | career_record = 169 जीत, 83 हार | handedness = दाहिना हाथ | medal_templates = {{MedalSport | पुरुष बैडमिंटन }} {{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[कॉमनवेल्थ खेल]] }} {{MedalGold | 2018 गोल्ड कोस्ट]] | मिक्स टीम }} {{MedalSilver | 2018 गोल्ड कोस्ट]] | पुरुष सिंगल}} {{MedalCompetition|एशिया टीम चैंपियनशिप}} {{MedalBronze|2016 हैदराबाद|पुरुष टीम}} {{MedalCompetition|दक्खिन एशियाई खेल}} {{MedalGold | 2016 गौहाटी|पुरुष सिंगल}} {{MedalGold | 2016 गौहाटी|पुरुष टीम}} {{MedalCompetition|एशिया जू. बैडमिंटन चैंपियनशिप}} {{MedalBronze | 2011 लखनऊ|मिक्स टीम}} {{MedalCompetition|कॉमनवेल्थ युवा खेल}} {{MedalSilver|2011 डगलस|मिक्स डबल्स}} {{MedalBronze|2011 डगलस|पुरुष डबल्स}} |bwf_id = A9509AF9-8009-48A4-A4E2-486F125004C5 }} '''श्रीकांत किदांबी''' (2 जुलाई 1993) एगो भारतीय बैडमिंटन खेलाड़ी बाने। {{asof|2017|10}} किदांबी के बिस्व रैंकिंग में चउथा स्थान बा आ किदांबी के सभसे हालिया जीत अक्टूबर 2017 में वल्ड सुपर सीरीज फ्रांसीसी ओपन में पुरुषन के सिंगल्स में जीत बा।<ref>{{cite web|author=जनसत्ता ऑनलाइन |url=http://www.jansatta.com/khel/french-open-kidambi-srikanth-wins-4th-superseries-title-of-the-year/469465/ |title=French Open: फ्रेंच ओपन जीतते ही किदांबी श्रीकांत ने किया वो कारनामा जो कोई भारतीय नहीं कर सका था - French Open: Kidambi Srikanth Wins 4th Superseries Title Of The Year |publisher=Jansatta |date=2017-10-26 |accessdate=2017-10-31}}</ref> किदांबी साल 2008 में अपना प्रोफेशनल बैडमिंटन कैरियर के सुरुआत कइलें आ साल 2012 में भारत के राष्ट्रीय टीम के हिस्सा बनलें। इनके पहिली परसिद्धि साल 2011 में मिलल जब ई कॉमनवेल्थ युवा खेल में पुरुष बर्ग में सिल्वर मेडल जितलें, ई टूर्नामेंट आइल्स ऑफ मान में आयोजित भइल रहल। किदांबी आपन पहिली सुपर सिरीज साल 2014 में चाइना ओपन में जितलें।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/8-things-know-about-kidambi-srikanth-star-indian-badminton-70423 |title=8 things to know about Kidambi Srikanth – the star of Indian badminton |language=en |publisher=The News Minute |date= |accessdate=2017-10-31}}</ref> == सुरुआती जीवन == श्रीकांत किदांबी के जनम भारतीय राज्य आंध्र प्रदेश के पूर्ब गोदावली जिला के रावुलापलेम गाँव में 2 जुलाई 1993 के भइल। इनके पिताजी के नाँव केवीएस कृष्णा हवे आ महतारी के नाँव राधा हऽ। इनके बाबूजी खेतिहर जमींदार हवें आ माताजी गृहिणी हई।<ref>{{cite web|author=Zimbabwe v West Indies |url=http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/kidambi-srikanth-profile-mens-singles-badminton-2907027/ |title=Kidambi Srikanth Profile: Kidambi Srikanth Biography, Stats, Men’s Singles Badminton |publisher=The Indian Express |date= |accessdate=2017-10-31}}</ref> इनके एगो बड़हन भाई के नंदगोपाल बाने आ उहो बैडमिंटन खेलाड़ी हवें।<ref>{{cite web|author=Share on Twitter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/Guntur-brothers-create-history-in-Srinagar/articleshow/16646604.cms |title=Guntur brothers create history in Srinagar - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2012-10-03 |accessdate=2017-10-31}}</ref> खेती करे वाला परिवार में पैदा भइल दुनों भाई में से पहिले नंदगोपाल घर से बैडमिंटन खेले खाती विशाखापत्तनम चल गइलें आ साल भर बाद श्रीकांत भी उनके पाछे इहे काम कइलें। इहाँ आंध्र प्रदेश खेल अकादमी में भारती हो के दुनों भाई हास्टल में एह के खेल सीखे लागल। इनहन लोग के गुरू, सुधाकर रेड्डी, जे आंध्र प्रदेश खाती राज्य स्तर के खेलाड़ी रह चुकल रहलें, कुछ साल बाद खम्मम चल अइलें आ इनहीं के साथे नंदगोपाल आ किदांबियो खम्मम आ गइल लोग। साल 2000 के बाद जब घर के लागहीं गुंटूर में नया स्टेडियम चालू भइल ओकरे बाद एह लोग के खेल सीखे में अउरी तेजी आइल। एकरे बाद ई लोग [[पुलेला गोपीचंद]] के निर्देश में खेल सीखे लागल। ==कैरियर== ===2014 से पहिले === In the [[2011 Commonwealth Youth Games]] in [[Isle of Man]], Kidambi won the silver in mixed doubles and bronze in doubles.<ref>[[India at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games#Medalist|Commonwealth Youth Games, 2011]]</ref> He also emerged winner in the singles and doubles category at the All India Junior International Badminton Championship held in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.badmintonindia.org/download/news/final_draws_sc_jr_intl_2011_pune.pdf |title=Junior International Championship results |access-date=2017-10-31 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053149/http://www.badmintonindia.org/download/news/final_draws_sc_jr_intl_2011_pune.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2012 Kidambi overcame the then Junior World Champion [[Zulfadli Zulkiffli]] of Malaysia in the Maldives International Challenge to claim the Men’s singles title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maldivestimes.com/news/srikanth-k-grabs-mens-singles-title-maldives-international-badminton-bettorcom-blog|title=Maldives International Challenge 2012|publisher=}}</ref> In the [[2013 Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold|Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold]] event, Kidambi won the Men’s singles title beating then world number eight and local favorite [[Boonsak Ponsana]] in straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/K-Srikanth-wins-Thailand-Open-Grand-Prix/articleshow/20504079.cms|title=Thailand Open Grand Prix, 2013|work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया}}</ref> In the same year, Kidambi beat reigning champion and Olympian [[Parupalli Kashyap]] in the All India Senior National Championships in [[दिल्ली]] to claim his first senior national title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/Sindhu-Srikanth-win-national-badminton-titles/articleshow/27801853.cms|title=All India Senior Nationals, Delhi, 2013|work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया}}</ref> He was also part of the [[Awadhe Warriors]] team that finished second in the [[Indian Badminton League]], 2013.<ref>[[Awadhe Warriors|IBL, 2013]]</ref> ===2014 से 2016=== Kidambi finished runner up at the 2014 [[India Open Grand Prix Gold]] event in [[Lucknow]]<ref>[[2014 India Open Grand Prix Gold#Men's Singles|India Open Grand Prix, 2014]]</ref> and was a quarter finalist in 2014 [[Malaysia Open (badminton)|Malaysian Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140117/sports-other-sports/article/giant-killer-srikanth-crashes-out-malaysia-open|title=Malaysian Open, 2014|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> He was part of the Indian badminton contingent that reached the semi finals of the [[Badminton at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed-team event]] at the [[2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games 2014]] in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/badminton/1014179/srikanth_kidambi.html|title=Srikanth Glasgow, 2014|publisher=|access-date=2017-10-31|archive-date=2022-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517162543/http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/badminton/1014179/srikanth_kidambi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also reached the quarter finals of the [[Badminton at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's Singles event]] in the same tournament. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/badminton-srikanth-stuns-ajay-jayaram/article4222827.ece|title=Badminton: Srikanth stuns Ajay Jayaram|author=Rakesh Rao|work=The Hindu}}</ref> In November, he created a major upset in the final of the [[2014 China Open Super Series Premier]] by beating 5 times World Champion and 2 times Olympic Champion [[Lin Dan]] in straight sets (21–19 21–17), thus becoming the first Indian to win a Super Series Premier Men's title.<ref name="sports.ndtv.com"/> He then reached semi finals of Hong Kong Open Super Series after beating in-form [[Chou Tien-Chen]] in the early rounds. He lost to [[Chen Long]] of China in three sets in the semifinals. With those wins he was qualified for the world super series finals. He defeated [[Kento Momota]] (15–21 21–16 21–10) and [[Tommy Sugiarto]] (21–18 21–13) in the group stage to reach Semi Finals of the prestigious [[BWF Super Series Masters Finals]] where he again lost to [[Chen Long]] of China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/saina-nehwal-kidambi-srikanth-boost-their-semifinal-chances-with-second-win/articleshow/45566997.cms|title=Saina Nehwal, Kidambi Srikanth boost their semifinal chances with second win|work=timesofindia-economictimes|accessdate=13 December 2015}}</ref> Kidambi became the first Indian male to win gold at the [[2015 Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold]] by defeating [[Viktor Axelsen]] 21–15,12–21,21–14.The same year he also won [[India Open (badminton)|India Open]] Super Series title by defeating [[Viktor Axelsen]] in the finals<ref name=Kridangan>{{cite web|url=http://kridangan.com/index.php/badminton/5766/kidambi-srikanth-is-the-first-ever-indian-man-to-win-swiss-open-grand-prix-gold/|title=Kidambi Srikanth Is the First Ever Indian Man to Win Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold , 2015|work=Kridangan|access-date=2017-10-31|archive-date=2018-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050245/http://kridangan.com/index.php/badminton/5766/kidambi-srikanth-is-the-first-ever-indian-man-to-win-swiss-open-grand-prix-gold/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kidambi reached the semifinal in the [[Malaysia Masters]], where he lost to [[Iskandar Zulkarnain Zainuddin]] of Malaysia in January. The following week he won the [[Syed Modi International Badminton Championships]] Grand Prix Gold title, defeating [[Huang Yuxiang]] 21–13, 14–21, 21–14 in the final. At the [[2016 South Asian Games]], he won two gold medals, in men's team and men's singles, defeating [[Prannoy Kumar]] in the singles final. At the [[2016 Badminton Asia Team Championship]], although his team lost in the semifinal, he remained undefeated. In the [[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio Olympics]], the World No. 11, Kidambi entered the round of 16 of the [[Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics#Men's singles|men's singles]] by beating [[Lino Muñoz]] and [[Henri Hurskainen]]. He went on to beat World No. 5 [[Jan Ø. Jørgensen]] 21–19, 21–19 to reach the quarterfinals,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kidambi Srikanth storms into quarters|url=https://sportscafe.in/articles/badminton/2016/aug/15/rio-2016-kidambi-srikanth-storms-into-quarters|publisher=SportsCafe.in|4=|access-date=2017-10-31|archive-date=2017-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010354/https://sportscafe.in/articles/badminton/2016/aug/15/rio-2016-kidambi-srikanth-storms-into-quarters|url-status=dead}}</ref> but was defeated by [[Lin Dan]] by a score of 6–21, 21–11, and 18–21. ===2017=== Srikanth Kadambi and Sai Praneeth created history when they became the first ever Indian pair to enter the finals of a ranking event in Badminton. Both hailing from Hyderabad and being coached by Pullela Gopichand, it was Sai Praneeth who prevailed 17-21, 21-17, 21-12 eventually to clinch the [[2017 Singapore Super Series]] title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportswallah.com/news/badminton/singapore-open-sai-praneeth-defeats-kidambi-srikant-to-win-his-maiden-super-series-trophy|title=sportswallah.com|author=Sportswallah Desk|date=16 April 2017|publisher=}}</ref> He won the [[2017 Indonesia Super Series Premier]] beating Japan's [[Kazumasa Sakai]] 21-11, 21-19 thereby becoming the 1st ever Indian man to do so. He also went on to win [[2017 Australian Super Series]] beating China's [[Chen Long]] 22-20, 21-16, making a record of entering three consecutive Super Series Events Finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegenxtimes.com/sports/srikanth-defeated-olympic-champion-chen-long-to-win-the-australian-open-super-series-title/|title=Srikanth defeated Olympic champion Chen Long to win the Australian Open Super Series title|author=The GenX Times|date=26 June 2017|publisher=|access-date=31 October 2017|archive-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815185444/http://www.thegenxtimes.com/sports/srikanth-defeated-olympic-champion-chen-long-to-win-the-australian-open-super-series-title/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Srikanth entered the quarterfinal round of 2017 [[BWF World Championships]] held at Glasgow, where he was defeated by [[Son Wan-Ho]] of South Korea in straight sets. Later in October, Srikanth won the third Super Series Title of the Year at [[2017 Denmark Super Series Premier]],by defeating [[Lee Hyun-il]] of Korea 21-10,21-5. Following his good run, He became the only fourth Badminton Player ever to win 4 Super Series titles in a year, when he won [[2017 French Super Series]] equaling the likes of [[Lee Chong Wei]], [[Lin Dan]], and [[Chen Long]] by defeating Japan's Kenta Nishimoto 21-14,21-13 in the finals,catapulting him to number 2 in world ranking. {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय पुरुष बैडमिंटन खेलाड़ी]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय खेलाड़ी]] [[श्रेणी:1993 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{bio-stub}} 6gfme3p2jj9wo3tbyz3rvpvhq6iryc1 0 51704 813742 786536 2026-11-06T12:07:46Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = सरदार |name = वल्लभभाई पटेल |office = भारत के पहले डिप्टी प्रधानमंत्री |native_name = |image = Sardar patel (cropped).jpg |predecessor = पद के स्थापना भइल |primeminister = [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] |successor = [[मोरारजी देसाई]] |office2 = गृह मंत्री |predecessor2 = पद के स्थापना भइल |primeminister2 = [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] |party = [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस]] |successor2 = सी. राजगोपालाचारी |birth_name = वल्लभभाई झावेरभाई पटेल |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1875|10|31}} |birth_place = नांदयाड, बंबई प्रेसिडेंसी, [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] (अब [[गुजरात]]) |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1950|12|15|1875|10|31}} |death_place = [[बंबई]], [[बंबई राज]], [[भारत]] |spouse = झावेरबा (1880 - 11 जनवरी 1909) |children = मणिबेन पटेल (3 अप्रैल 1903 - 26 मार्च 1990)<br> दह्याभाई पटेल (1905 - 11 अगस्त 1973) |father = झावेरभाई पटेल (1829 - मार्च 1914) |alma_mater = इन्स ऑफ कोर्ट |profession = {{hlist|बैरिस्टर|राजनीतिज्ञ|कार्यकर्ता}} |awards = [[File:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|30px]] भारत रत्न (1991) <small>(मरणोपरांत)</small> |office3 = सुप्रीम कमांडर-इन-चीफ़ भारतीय सेना |predecessor3 = प्रदेश स्थापना |primeminister3 = [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] |successor3 = पोजीशन खतम |term_start = 15 अगस्त 1947 |term_end = 15 दिसंबर 1950 |term_start2 = 15 अगस्त 1947 |term_end2 = 15 दिसंबर 1950 |term_start3 = 15 अगस्त 1947 |term_end3 = 15 दिसंबर 1950 }} '''वल्लभभाई झावेरभाई पटेल''' (31 अक्टूबर 1875 — 15 दिसंबर 1950) एगो भारतीय बैरिस्टर, राजनीतिक नेता, स्वतंत्रता सेनानी आजादी के बाद भारत के पहिला उपप्रधानमंत्री घर मंत्री रहलें। आजादी के आंदोलन के समय पटेल भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के प्रमुख नेता लोग में से एक रहलें भारत के आजादी के बाद बनल सरकार में इनके प्रमुख अस्थान रहल भारत के एकीकरण में सभसे महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहल। इनका मजबूत इरादा वाला ब्यक्तित्व के कारण इनके "लौह पुरुष" के उपाधि भी दिहल गइल। इनके '''सरदार पटेल''' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला। == सरदार पटेल के मूर्ती== भारत के प​हिल उप प्रधानमंत्री सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल को भारत के एकता के सूत्र में बंधले रहन. उनका के ई काम खातिर एगो महान शख्स के रूप में याद कइल जाला। उनका याद में गुजरात में केवड़िया गांव में नर्मदा नदी के बीचे एगो मूर्ती बनाईल गइल बा। इ प्रतिमा 182 मीटर, यानी करीब 597 फीट, ऊंचा बा। एकरा के "स्टैच्यू ऑफ यूनिटी" कहल जाला आ ई विश्व के सबसे ऊंचा प्रतिमा होखे के गौरव रखेला। एकर ऊंचाई न्यूयॉर्क के 93 मीटर उंचा 'स्टैच्यू ऑफ लिबर्टी' से करीब दोगुना बा। स्टैच्यू ऑफ यूनिटी का कुल वजन करीबन 1700 टन बा। एकर पैर 80 फीट, हाथ 70 फीट, कंधा 140 फीट और चेहरा 70 फीट के आकार के बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|35em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{commonscat|Vallabhbhai Patel}} * [http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe1098/f1510981.html सरदार पटेल] नेशनल इन्फार्मेटिक्स सेंटर {{in lang|en}} {{Bharat Ratna}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1875 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1950 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के आजादी आंदोलन में सक्रिय लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के नेता]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के संबिधान सभा के सदस्य]] [[श्रेणी:गुजरात के लोग]] {{bio-stub}} lf4s96yilktxszxc117ucfmb48ayavv 0 51726 814168 781275 2026-11-06T15:55:15Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chicago surveyor.jpg|thumb|230px|alt=सर्वेयर|एक ठो सर्वेयर]] '''सर्वेक्षण''' ({{Lang|en|Surveying}}) जमीन के कौनों हिस्सा पर मौजूद चीजन के स्थिति (लोकेशन) के जानकारी एकट्ठा करे खाती कइल जाए वाला नापजोख हवे। मुख्य रूप से एह प्रक्रिया में चीजन के बीच के कोण आ दूरी सभ के नापजोख कइल जाला। एह नापजोख के रिजल्ट के रूप में मिलल आँकड़ा सभ से [[नक्शा]] के निर्माण भी कइल जाला आ कबो कबो नक्शा बनावे के काम के भी सर्वेक्षण के अंग मानल जाला; हालाँकि नक्शानवीसी आ [[कार्टोग्राफी]] अलग बिधा आ काम के रूप में भी स्थापित बा। सर्वेक्षण के प्रक्रिया के पढ़ाई वाला एकेडेमिक बिसय के भी एही नाँव से जानल जाला। सर्वेक्षण करे वाला ब्यक्ति सर्वेयर भा सर्वेक्षक कहाला। {{geo-term-stub}} 1a1hmsb905sqblxlvhy42ghugy0r3z7 0 51745 814184 806045 2026-11-06T15:56:40Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Left side of Flying Pigeon.jpg|230px|thumb|एगो साइकिल]] '''साइकिल''' एगो दू पहिया वाला बाहन हवे; पैडल मार के मनुष्य के शक्ति से चले ला आ दूनों [[पहिया]] आगे पाछे एगो फ्रेम से जुड़ल रहे लें। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[साइकिल रेक्शा]] * [[मोटरसाइकिल]] ([[बाइक]]) {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:सड़क परिवहन]] {{transport-stub}} in5ug3pp1sst9s0peilyzzr7r724l1o 0 51768 813861 763090 2026-11-06T12:52:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country |native_name = |conventional_long_name = विदेह राज्य |common_name = मिथिला राज<ref name="Chakrabarti2001">{{cite book|author=Dilip K. Chakrabarti|title=Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEZe-wAIiKIC&pg=PA207|year=2001|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-016-9|pages=207–}}</ref> |continent = एशिया |region = [[भारतीय उपमहादीप]] |era = [[लोहा जुग]] |government_type = [[राजशाही]] |year_start = नामालूम |year_end = 500 BCE |s1 = महाजनपद |image_map = Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE).png | image_map_alt = विदेह |image_map_caption = उत्तर बैदिक काल में बिदेह आ अन्य राज |capital = वर्तमान में [[नेपाल]] के जनकपुर,<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972"/> या [[बिहार]] के मधुबनी जिला में बलीराजगढ़<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2017-11-05 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162756/http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |common_languages = [[मैथिली]]<ref name="GellnerPfaff-Czarnecka2012" /><br />[[संस्कृत]]<ref name="GellnerPfaff-Czarnecka2012">{{cite book|author1=D. Gellner|author2=J. Pfaff-Czarnecka|author3=J. Whelpton|title=Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics and Culture of Contemporary Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4FQMEiZcrIC&pg=PA516|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-64956-1|pages=516–}}</ref> |religion = [[वैदिक धर्म|वैदिक]]-[[हिंदू धर्म]]<ref name=benami9>Ben-Ami Scharfstein (1998), ''A comparative history of world philosophy: from the Upanishads to Kant'', Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 9-11</ref> |currency = |title_leader = [[जनक]] |today = {{flag|भारत}}<br />{{flag|नेपाल}} }} '''विदेह''' एगो प्राचीन राज्य रहे। वर्तमान में भारत के बिहार राज्य के उत्तरी हिस्सा आ एकरे से सटल नेपाल के हिस्सा, जे आज [[मिथिला]] क्षेत्र के नाँव से जानल जाला, एह प्राचीन राज के बिस्तार वाला इलाका हऽ। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:प्राचीन भारत]] {{india-hist-stub}} {{nepal-stub}} 6nmom3zkf7k2xwkpeow1xb2pa7nlbig 0 51844 814186 783374 2026-11-06T15:56:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साइबर अपराध''' ({{Lang|en|Cybercrime}}; उच्चारण: साइबरक्राइम) अइसन अपराध हवें जिनहन में [[कंप्यूटर]] आ [[नेटवर्क]] के इस्तेमाल से कौनों गैर-कानूनी काम कइल जाला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:साइबरक्राइम| ]] [[श्रेणी:अपराध]] {{computer-stub}} {{law-stub}} cr4jfspvap6at5pp113yn59atptaauo 0 51911 813757 531861 2026-11-06T12:08:56Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वात्स्यायन''' एगो प्राचीन भारतीय बिद्वान, दार्शनिक आ सिद्धांतकार रहलें। इनके रचल ग्रंथ ''[[कामसूत्रम्]]'' हवे। वात्स्यायन के समय दूसरी सदी इसवी के आसपास मानल जाला। भरम बस, गोतम ऋषि के न्याय सूत्र पर भाष्य लिखे वाला एगो दूसर ब्यक्ति के भी एही वात्स्यायन के रूप में चिन्हित कइल जाला काहें से कि उनहूँ के नाँव वात्स्यायन रहल।<ref>Sures Chandra Banerji. A Companion to Sanskrit Literature. Motilal Banarsidass Pub., 1990, p. 104-105.</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=JkOAEdIsdUsC&lpg=PP1&vq=paksilisa&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=kamasutra&f=false</ref> बहुत सारा किताबन में इनके पूरा नाँव मल्ल्नाग वात्स्यायन बतावल जाला, हालाँकि कुछ बिद्वान लोग के अनुसार असुर गुरु मल्लनाग नाँव के ब्यक्ति के भरम बस वात्स्यायन मानल जाला जबकि ऊ दूसर ब्यक्ति रहलें।<ref>Daniélou p. 4</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:प्राचीन भारतीय लेखक]] {{bio-stub}} exod94xzufz8stmgee07c36qjuwmp94 0 51994 814043 782724 2026-11-06T13:05:58Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox temple | name = संकट मोचन हनुमान मंदिर | image = Sankat Mochan temple entrance, Varanasi - IRCTC 2017 (1).jpg | alt = | caption =संकट मोचन हनुमान मंदिर | map_type = India Uttar Pradesh Varanasi | map_caption = [[बनारस जिला]] के नक्शा पर लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|25.2821062|82.9999769|display=title}} | other_names = | proper_name = | country = [[भारत]] | state = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | district = [[बनारस जिला|बनारस]] | location = [[बनारस]] | elevation_m = | deity = [[हनुमान]] | festivals = | architecture = [[हिंदू मंदिर आर्किटेक्चर|हिंदू मंदिर]] | temple_quantity = | monument_quantity = | inscriptions = | year_completed = 18वीं सदी | creator = | website = }} '''संकट मोचन हनुमान मंदिर''' [[बनारस]] में, [[हनुमान]] के समर्पित एगो [[हिंदू मंदिर]] बा। मानल जाला कि एह अस्थान पे मंदिर के स्थापना [[तुलसीदास|गोस्वामी तुलसीदास]] द्वारा कइल गइल रहे। ई बनारस के सभसे परसिद्ध मंदिर सभ में से एक हवे। == इतिहास == मानल जाला कि एह मंदिर के ठीक ओही जगहा पर बनावल गइल ह, जहँवा तुलसीदास जी के हनुमान जी के दर्शन भइल रहल।<ref>{{cite book|last=Callewaert|first=Winand M. |title=Banaras: vision of a living ancient tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RyTeRVRLiOYC&q=Sankat+Mochan+Temple%2C+Varanasi&pg=PA90|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=81-7010-302-9|page=90}}</ref> संकट मोचन मंदिर के स्थापना तुलसीदास जी कइले रहलें, जे ''[[रामचरितमानस]]'' आ ''[[हनुमान चलीसा]]'' नियर रचना सभ के रचयिता रहलन। परंपरा के मुताबिक अइसन मानल जाला की, जे लोग ए मंदिर में रेगुलर जाला, ओके हनुमान जी के बिसेस कृपा मिलेला। हर मंगल आ शनीचर के दिन हजारन लोग मंदिर के सामने कतार में लाग के हनुमान जी के दर्शन पूजन करेला। [[फलित ज्योतिष|ज्योतिष]] के मान्यता के अनुसार, हनुमान जी शनिदेव के क्रोध से मनुष्य के बचावेलें। खास क के जे लोगन के [[कुंडली]] में [[शनि ग्रह]] के स्थिति खराब होखे, ऊ लोग ए मंदिर में ज्योतिषीय उपाय खातिर आवेला। कहल जाला कि ई शनि के शांत करे के सबले प्रभावी तरीका ह। कुछ ज्योतिषी लोग मानेलन कि हनुमान जी के पूजा कइला से मंगल ग्रह आ ओहू सभे ग्रह के अशुभ प्रभाव कम हो जाला, जे आदमी के जिनगी पर बुरा असर डाल सकेला। ईहो मानल जाला कि तुलसीदास जी ''रामचरितमानस'' के अधिकांश दोहा-चौपाई एही मंदिर में बइठ के लिखले रहलें।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=11}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{Temples in Varanasi}} [[श्रेणी:बनारस के हिंदू मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] {{religious-struct-stub}} c2hcx136yw0ic1zdu3t1kbavl03axxt 0 51995 813892 765775 2026-11-06T12:54:30Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|काशी विश्वनाथ मंदिर}} {{Infobox temple | name = श्री विश्वनाथ मंदिर | image = New Vishwanath Temple at BHU.jpg | alt = | caption = श्री विश्वनाथ मंदिर, बीएचयू | map_type = India Uttar Pradesh Varanasi | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|25.266034|82.987847|type:landmark_region:BHU|display=inline,title}} | other_names = | proper_name = | country = {{flag|भारत}} | state = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | district = [[वाराणसी जिला|बनारस]] | location = [[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]], [[बनारस]] | elevation_m = 86.493 | deity = [[शिव]] | festivals = [[शिवरात]] | architecture = | temple_quantity = | monument_quantity = | inscriptions = | year_completed = 1965 | creator = बिड़ला खानदान | website = <!--{{URL|example.com}} --> }} श्री '''विश्वनाथ मंदिर''' [[बनारस]] में एगो हिंदू मंदिर बा। मंदिर हिंदू देवता [[शिव]] के समर्पित हवे आ [[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] (बीएचयू) के कैंपस के बीचोबीच बनल बा। मंदिर के निर्माण बी आर बिड़ला द्वारा करावल गइल रहे, एही कारण एकरा के '''बिड़ला मंदिर''' भी कहल जाला। पुराना समय से बनारस के मुख्य देवता विश्वेश्वर शिव के मुख्य आ पुरान मंदिर [[काशी विश्वनाथ मंदिर]] से अलग करे खाती एकरा के '''नया विश्वनाथ मंदिर''' (मतलब: नवका विश्वनाथ मंदिर) भी कहल जाला।<ref>{{cite news |title=नया विश्वनाथ मंदिर या बिड़ला मंदिर |url=https://www.thedivineindia.com/hi/shri-vishwanath-mandir.html |access-date=5 अक्टूबर 2023 |work=द डिवाइन इंडिया |language=hi}}</ref> बीएचयू में एकरा के छोट रूप में '''वीटी''' भी कहल जाला<ref>{{cite news |title='बीएचयू वीटी' में है जायके का पूरा खजाना, खूब भाती है कुल्हड़ वाली कॉफी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/bhu-vt-attract-people-with-variety-of-food |access-date=5 अक्टूबर 2023 |work=[[अमर उजाला]] |date=13 दिसंबर 2017 |language=hi}}</ref> जे ''विश्वनाथ टेंपल'' के शार्ट फार्म हवे। विश्वनाथ मंदिर दुनिया क सभसे ऊँच मंदिर हवे, जेकर चोटी क ऊँचाई लगभग 250 फीट ऊँच बाटे।<ref name="Brief description">{{cite news|title=Brief description|publisher=[[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] website|access-date=7 मार्च 2015|url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/VT/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526232342/http://www.bhu.ac.in/VT/|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 मई 2018}}</ref><ref name="The temples">{{cite news|title=The temples|publisher=[[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] website|access-date=7 मार्च 2015|url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/Centre/temples.htm|archive-date=23 सितंबर 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184350/http://www.bhu.ac.in/Centre/temples.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="विश्वनाथ मंदिर">{{cite news|title=विश्वनाथ मंदिर|publisher=Wikinapia|access-date=7 मार्च 2015|url=http://wikimapia.org/142627/Vishwanath-Temple-BHU|archive-date=2 अप्रैल 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114624/http://wikimapia.org/142627/Vishwanath-Temple-BHU|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="New Vishwanath Temple">{{cite news|title=New Vishwanath Temple|publisher=[[वाराणसी]] city website|access-date=7 मार्च 2015|url=http://www.varanasicity.com/temples/new-vishwanath-temple.html|archive-date=14 मार्च 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314221734/http://varanasicity.com/temples/new-vishwanath-temple.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="बिड़ला मंदिर">{{cite news|title=बिड़ला मंदिर|publisher=varanasi.org.in|access-date=7 मार्च 2015|url=http://www.varanasi.org.in/birla-temple|archive-date=15 मार्च 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315074925/http://www.varanasi.org.in/birla-temple|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="इतिहास">{{cite news|title=History|publisher=Eastern [[उत्तर प्रदेश|U.P.]] Tourism website|access-date=7 मार्च 2015|url=http://www.easternuptourism.com/New-Vishwanath-Temple.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191101/http://www.easternuptourism.com/New-Vishwanath-Temple.jsp|archive-date=2 अप्रैल 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==इतिहास== 1930 में [[मदन मोहन मालवीय|पंडित मदन मोहन मालवीय]] के सहयोग से [[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] के परिसर में [[काशी विश्वनाथ मंदिर|श्री काशी विश्वनाथ मंदिर]] के नकल करे के योजना बनावल गइल।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=12}}</ref> बिड़ला परिवार एकर निर्माण के जिम्मा लिहलस आ मार्च 1931 में एकर नींव रखल गइल। अंत में ई मंदिर (श्री विश्वनाथ मंदिर) 1966 में पूरा भइल। मालवीय जी मंदिर क शिलान्यास कवनों महान तपस्वी से करावल चाहत रहें। फिर 11 मार्च 1931 के एह मंदिर के शिलान्यास स्वामी कृष्णम द्वारा कइल गइल। एकरा बाद मंदिर के निर्माण के काम शुरू हो गइल। दुर्भाग्य से मालवीय जी के जीवनकाल में मंदिर के निर्माण पूरा ना हो पावल।<ref name="BHU वि‍श्‍वनाथ मंदि‍र">{{cite web |title=BHU वि‍श्‍वनाथ मंदि‍र |url=https://livevns.news/lifestyle/travel/Ten-Interesting-Historical-facts-about-BHU-Vishwanath/cid6977219.htm |website=live VNS |access-date=5 अक्टूबर 2023}}</ref> मालवीय जी के निधन से पहिले उद्योगपति जुगलकिशोर बिड़ला बीएचयू परिसर के भीतर भव्य मंदिर बने के पूरा खर्च उठवने। साल 1954 तक मंदिर के निर्माण के काम चोटी के छोड़ के पूरा हो गइल। 17 फरवरी 1958 के महाशिवरात्रि के दिन मंदिर के गर्भगृह में नर्मदेश्वर ज्योतिर्लिंग के अभिषेक भइल आऊर एही मंदिर में भगवान विश्वनाथ के स्थापना भइल। मंदिर के शिखर के काम साल 1966 में पूरा हो गइल।<ref name="BHU वि‍श्‍वनाथ मंदि‍र"/> ==बनावट== विश्वनाथ मंदिर [[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] के मेन गेट से परिसर के भीतर अइले पर 1.7 किलोमीटर के दूरी पर स्थित बा। एकरे बगल में केंद्रीय पुस्तकालय भी मौजूद बा। बीएचयू क नक्सा देखले पर परिसर के ठीक बीचोबीच ई मंदिर बाटे जवन 2,10,000 वर्ग मीटर क्षेत्रफल में स्‍थि‍त बा।<ref name="BHU वि‍श्‍वनाथ मंदि‍र"/> काशी हि‍न्‍दू वि‍श्‍ववि‍द्यालय परि‍सर के ठीक बीचो-बीच स्‍थि‍त ई मंदिर में अंदर गइले पर सबसे पहिले मालवीय जी के मूर्ति बनल बाटे। ए मंदिर में शंकर जी के ज्योतिर्लिंग के अलावा आऊर भी देवी देवता के जइसे- दुर्गा माई, गणेश, लक्ष्मी विष्णु, पंचमुखी महादेव, राम सीता आ लक्ष्मन हनुमानजी, सरस्वती माता, नटराज, नंदी आदि क प्रतिमा मौजूद बा। मंदिर के सबसे ऊपर सफेद संगमरमर लगावल गईल बा। ओकरा ऊपर सोना के कलश लगावल गईल बाटे। एह सोना के घड़ा के ऊंचाई 10 फीट बा, जबकि मंदिर के चोटी के ऊंचाई 250 फीट बा।<ref name="BHU वि‍श्‍वनाथ मंदि‍र"/> ==मेला आ त्योहार== सोमवार, तीज आ शिवरात में इहाँ खूब भीड़ होला। सब जन दरसन के खातिर भोरे से ही लाइन में लग जाने। एकरे अलावा सावन के महीना में पूरे महीना भर मेला लगल रहेला। काँवरिया इहँवो जल चढ़ावे आवे न। एकरे अलावा मंदिर के परिसर में शादियो-बियाह क रसम होला आऊर नवका बियहल जोड़ा अपने सुखी जीवन खातिर दरसन के खातिर जरूर आवे न। ==चित्र== <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Viswanath temple,BHU03264.JPG|thumb|विश्वनाथ मंदिर बीएचयू वाराणसी File:VISWANATH TEMPLE,BHU VARANASI - panoramio.jpg|thumb|श्री विश्वनाथ मंदिर प्रांगण File:Shri Viswanath Temple, BHU, Varanasi, Stunning.jpg|thumb|बीएचयू विश्वनाथ मंदिर रात क दृश्य, वाराणसी File:An Aisle to Nirvana.jpg|thumb|बीएचयू वीटी मंदिर गलियारा </gallery> ==एहू के देखल जाय== *[[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Temples in Varanasi}} {{बनारस}} [[श्रेणी:बनारस के हिंदू मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] [[श्रेणी:शिव मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:वाराणसी जिला]] 21q1fii0gkobpeca2f9js2yqowg28s7 0 52006 814426 781286 2026-11-07T07:48:18Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = सेरा दोस ओरागोस नेशनल पार्क | alt_name = Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos | iucn_category = II | photo = Amanhecer no Hercules --.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = चट्टानी दृश्य, बैकग्राउंड में बीच में God's Finger चोटी लउकत बा। | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = Teresópolis | coordinates = {{coord|22.461|S|42.997|W|region:BR|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area_ha = 10527 | designation = नॅशनल पार्क | created = 1939 | administrator = Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation | world_heritage_site = }} '''सेरा दोस ओरागोस नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Lang|en|Serra dos Órgãos National Park}}, {{lang-pt|Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos}}: "Organs Range") दक्खिन अमेरिका के [[ब्राजील]] देस में एगो राष्ट्रीय पार्क बाटे। ई ब्राजील के रियो डी जेनेरो राज्य में पड़े ला। पार्क के निर्माण सेरा दोस ओरागोस नाँव के पहाड़ के संरक्षित करे खाती कइल गइल हवे। ''ओरगोस'' के मतलब होला शरीर के अंग, एक तरह से एह पहाड़ के रचना अइसन हवे जेह में पहाड़ी चोटी सभ कौनों जिंदा जीवधारी के अंग के रूप में निकलल देख्लाई पड़े लीं। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[ब्राजील]] [[श्रेणी:ब्राजील]] [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन अमेरिका के भूगोल]] {{SouthAm-geo-stub}} rj4u9t63s9lb47gejwxh1x99rc4xrfr 0 52043 814213 532851 2026-11-06T15:59:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|लियोनार्डो के पेंटिंग|साल्वेटर मुंडी (लियोनार्डो दा विंसी)}} '''साल्वेटर मुंडी''', [[लैटिन]] भाषा के नाँव हवे जेकर मतलब हऽ '''बिस्व के उद्धार करे वाला''', ई पच्छिमी जगत के कला में एगो प्रमुख बिसयबिंदु हवे जेह में ईसा मसीह के कई ठो चित्र दुनिया के उद्धार करे वाला के रूप में बनावल गइल बाने। चित्रन में ईसा मसीह के दाहिना हाथ ऊपर के ओर इशारा करे ला आ दू गो अँगुरी क्रास करत ऊपर के ओर उठल देखावल जालीं जबकि बायाँ हाथ में पारदर्शी ग्लोब (जादुई गोला) देखावल जाला। अइसन पेंटिंग सभ में सभसे मशहूर बा [[लियोनार्डो डा विंसी]] के बनावल ''[[साल्वेटर मुंडी (लियोनार्डो दा विंसी)|साल्वेटर मुंडी]]'' जवन पेंटिंग बिक्री के अबतक के इतिहास में सभसे महँग बिकाइल पेंटिग के रेकार्ड कायम कइले बा। ==कला सभ== पंद्रहवीं सदी के कला में ई एगो प्रमुख बिसयबिंदु रहल आ कई जगह एकर निरूपण भइल बा: <gallery mode=packed heights=220px> File:Carlo Crivelli, salvatore, c. 1470, El Paso Museum of Art.jpg|[[Carlo Crivelli]], Cristo benedicente (c. 1472)<!--[[:it:Cristo benedicente (Carlo Crivelli)]] --> Leonardo da Vinci, Salvator Mundi, c.1500, oil on walnut, 45.4 × 65.6 cm.jpg|[[Leonardo da Vinci]], ''[[Salvator Mundi (Leonardo da Vinci)|Salvator Mundi]]'' (c. 1500) File:Andrea Previtali, Salvator Mundi (1519), oil on poplar, 61.6 x 53 cm, National Gallery.jpg|[[Andrea Previtali]], ''Salvator Mundi'' (1519), [[National Gallery]] File:Salvatormundi.jpg|[[Titian]]'s version of ''Salvator Mundi'' (1570) File:Unknown Flemish - Salvator Mundi - Google Art Project.jpg|Unknown artist, ''Salvator Mundi'' (third quarter of 16th century) File:StJohnsAshfield StainedGlass King.JPG|Stained glass panel in the transept of St. John's Anglican Church, Ashfield, New South Wales </gallery> ==बाहरी कड़ी== :{{Commonscat-inline|Blessing Jesus Christ}} *[http://www.lairweb.org.nz/leonardo/mundi.html Details on de Ganay's ''Salvator Mundi''] [[श्रेणी:ईसा मसीह]] [[श्रेणी:पच्छिमी कला]] {{art-stub}} mqh2gzsohaf7aiklf0o42bd6xfhr31a 0 52045 814214 532853 2026-11-06T15:59:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Painting | image_file=Leonardo da Vinci, Salvator Mundi, c.1500, oil on walnut, 45.4 × 65.6 cm.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Salvator Mundi | artist=[[लियोनार्डो डा विंची]] | year={{circa}}1500 | type=[[ऑयल पेंटिंग|ऑयल]] पेंटिंग, ''वालनट'' पर | height_metric=45.4 | width_metric=65.6 | height_imperial=25.8 | width_imperial=19.2 | city= | museum= }} '''''साल्वेटर मुंडी''''' [[लियोनार्डो डा विंची]] के बानावल पेंटिंग मानल जाले। एह में [[ईसा मसीह]] के [[साल्वेटर मुंडी|दुनिया के उद्धार करे वाला]] के मुद्रा में देखावल गइल बा। एकर रचना लगभग 1500 के आसपास भइल रहे। हाल में, 15 नवंबर 2017 के, ई पेंटिंग एगो नीलामी में $450.3 मिलियन (4503 लाख डालर) में बिकाइल आ एह तरीका से सभसे महँगा बिकाए वाली पेंटिंग बन गइल। {{art-stub}} ja3bkw5vxr1p4ujzoumeiwfdu655hid 0 52050 813836 676032 2026-11-06T12:50:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विकास गुप्ता | image = Vikas Gupta at BCL 2019.jpg | caption = विकास गुप्ता (2019) | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|05|07}}<ref name=detail/> | birth_place = | Education = | nationality = भारतीय | occupation = प्रोड्यूसर, एक्टर, स्क्रीनलेखक, रियलिटी टीवी स्टार | years_active = | known_for =''[[बिग बॉस 11]]'' }} '''विकास गुप्ता''' एगो भारतीय टीवी प्रोड्यूसर, पटकथा लेखक (स्क्रीनप्ले राइटर) आ एक्टर बाने। वर्तमान में ई कलर्स टीवी पर प्रसारित होखे वाला रियलिटी शो ''[[बिग बॉस]] [[बिग बॉस 11|11]]'' में प्रतियोगी के रूप में हिस्सा ले रहल बाने।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/television-news/vikas-gupta-bigg-boss-11-contestant-biography/articleshow/61067494.cms |title=Vikas Gupta:Biography of Bigg Boss 11 contestant Vikas Gupta &#124; बिग बॉस 11 प्रतियोगी विकास गुप्ता की जीवनी |language=hi |publisher=Navbharattimes.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2017-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vikas-gupta-bigg-boss-11-contestant-biography/articleshow/60927316.cms|title=Vikas Gupta- Bigg Boss 11 Contestant: Biography|date=2 अक्टूबर 2017}}</ref> एकरे पहिले विकास गुप्ता एकता कपूर के प्रोडक्शन बालाजी टेलीफिल्म्स खाती काम क चुकल बाने आ ''महाभारत'', ''क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी'', आ ''किस देस में है मेरा दिल'' नियर कार्यक्रम सभ के निर्माण में क्रिएटिव हेड रहलें।<ref name=detail>{{cite news|title=Bigg Boss 11: Who is Vikas Gupta? Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-who-is-vikas-gupta-profile-biography-photos-and-video-4874460/|work=The Indian Express|date=4 अक्टूबर 2017}}</ref> ' बाद में गुप्ता आपन खुद के प्रोडक्शन चालू कइलें जेकर नाँव ''दि लॉस्ट ब्वाय प्रोडक्शंस'' बा आ एकरे तहत ''गुमराह: एंड ऑफ इन्नोसेंस'', ''कैसी ये यारियाँ'', ''वी दि सीरियल (V The Serial)'', ''ये है आशिकी'' आ ''एमटीवी वेब्ड'' नियर पापुलर सीरियल बना चुकल बाने। ई एमटीवी इंडिया के प्रोग्रामिंग हेड भी बाने। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== *{{IMDb name|3815573}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:बिग बॉस प्रतिभागी]] [[श्रेणी:1987 में जनम]] {{bio-stub}} ck08glpwvqzg0kef4rlihcecgj2qejm 0 52119 814400 533530 2026-11-07T07:17:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814400 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Drought.jpg|200px|thumb|सूखा से जमीन में पड़ल दरार|alt=जमीन के हिस्सा जेह में दरार देखात बा]] कौनों इलाका में, सामान्य से कम [[बरखा]] के दशा के समयअवधि '''सूखा''' के स्थिति होले, यानी ओह इलाका में वायुमंडली, सतही भा जमीनभीतरी पानी के कमी हो जाले। सूखा के स्थिति कई महीनन ले या सालन ले बनल रह सके ला। आमतौर पर कौनों इलाका के सूखाग्रस्त घोषित करे में, पनरह दिन के समय ले पानी के कमी दर्ज करे के बाद घोषणा कइल जाला। एक बेर आइल सूखा के परभाव अगिला कई सालन तक रह सके ला। सूखा के परभाव इलाका के [[इकोसिस्टम]] आ [[खेती]] पर पड़े ला। परिणाम ई होला कि [[पर्यावरण|लोकल पर्यावरण]] आ [[अर्थब्यवस्था]] के नोकसान चहुँपे ला। पानी के भारी कमी अगर लमहर समय ले जारी रहे तब एह तरह के सूखा के कारण इलाका में खाना के कमी के कारण [[अकाल]] के स्थिति पैदा हो जाले। सूखा के तीन गो प्रकार चिन्हित कइल गइल बा: '''मौसमी सूखा''' में लमहर समय ले बरखा के कमी दर्ज कइल जाला; '''खेती सूखा''' तब कहाला जब पानी के कमी से फसल के नोकसान होखे आ खेती चउपट हो जाय, आमतौर पर अइसन स्थिति मौसमी सूखा के लमहर समय तक जारी रहे के कारन होला; '''जलचक्री सूखा''' अइसन स्थिति के कहल जाला जब कौनों इलाका के बड़हन पानी के स्रोत सभ में पानी के कमी हो जाले, अइसन स्थिति साल-दर-साल लगातार सूखा पड़े के कारण होला। {{clear}} {{Natural disasters}} [[श्रेणी:सूखा]] {{environ-stub}} {{geo-term-stub}} 1r115rzt7sfr2qvrl6ycoj5dea7sbqf 0 52237 814021 748178 2026-11-06T13:04:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Saivism}} '''शैव मत''', '''शैव पंथ''' भा '''शैव संप्रदाय''' [[हिंदू धर्म]] के एगो प्रमुख शाखा हवे। एह मत के माने वाला लोग [[शिव]] के सभसे बड़ देवता या फिर [[ब्रह्म|साक्षात ब्रह्म]] के स्वरुप माने ला। एह मत के माने वाला लोग के '''शैव''' कहल जाला। हिंदू धर्म के बाकी परंपरा सभ नियर, शैव परंपरा के भी कई शाखा-उपशाखा मौजूद बाड़ी जेह में शैव सिद्धांत रुपी द्वैतवादी धार्मिक बिचार से ले के योग से परभावित एकात्मवादी परंपरा ले मौजूद बा। एह संप्रदाय के परभाव क्षेत्र भी पूरा भारत में बिस्तार लिहले बा आ काश्मीर से ले के सुदूर दक्खिन भारत ले एह मत के चलन बाटे। शैव मत के माने वाला लोग [[वेद]] आ [[आगम|आगम ग्रंथ]] सभ के [[धर्मशास्त्र]] के प्रमुख स्रोत के रूप में अंकार करे ला। शैव मत के मूल, दुसरी सदी ईसा पूर्ब के आसपास के समय के प्राचीन [[वेद|वैदिक]] परंपरा में देखल जाले, जहाँ रुद्र रुपी वैदिक देवता के पूजा के वर्णन मिले ला। प्राचीन ग्रंथ ''श्वेताश्वेतरउपनिषद'' में, जेकर काल पहिली सहस्राब्दी ईसा पूर्व मानल जाला, रुद्र, शिव आ माहेश्वर के जिकिर मिले ला। हालाँकि, एह ग्रंथ के शैव मत के ग्रंथ माने में बिबाद बाटे। ईसा के बाद के सुरुआती दौर में पाशुपत शैव मत के चलन साफ तौर पर देखे के मिले ला आ ई पहिला शैव मत हवे जेकरे अलग परंपरा के रूप में स्थापित होखे के परमान मिले ला। भक्तिवादी आ एकात्मवादी शैव मत सभ के चलन पहिलिये सहस्राब्दी ईसवी से चलनसार भ गइल रहे आ बाद में कई बेर कई हिंदू राजघराना सभ के धर्म के रूप में अस्थान पवलस। एकरे बाद एह मत के चलन दक्खिन-पूर्ब एशिया ले चहुँपल आ बौद्ध धरम के साथे-साथ एह मत के चलन भी [[इंडोनेशिया]], [[वियतनाम में हिंदू धर्म|वियतनाम]] आ [[कंबोडिया]] नियर देसन में बिकसित भइल आ एह देसन में हजारन गो शिव मंदिर अस्थापित कइल गइलें। वर्तमान जुग में शैव संप्रदाय हिंदू धर्म क एक ठो प्रमुख भाग बाटे। शैव संप्रदाय के माने वाला लोग के अनुसार शिव एह सृष्टि के रचयिता, पालनहार आ बिनासक हवें; या फिर खुद आत्मन हवें जे हर जीव में बास करे ला; या फिर ब्रह्म के स्वरुप हवें। एह मत के [[शाक्त मत]] से भी काफी जुड़ाव हवे आ बहुत सारा शैव लोग सम्मिलित रूप से शिव-[[शक्ति]] के पूजा आराधना करे ला। मूल हिंदू परंपरा नियर, ई शाखा भी संत-साधू के जीवन बितावे, योग के महत्व देवे आ अपना भीतर मौजूद शिव के तलाश करे के शिक्षा देला आ ई हिंदू धर्म के सभसे बड़हन समुदाय सभ में से एक के रूप में भी स्थापित बाटे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:शैव मत| ]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू संप्रदाय]] {{reli-stub}} ip38azltdqdu6z0lkivpinxy4yeiq6y 0 52582 814211 765302 2026-11-06T15:59:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum | name = सारनाथ म्यूजियम | image = Sarnath Museum Front.jpg | caption = म्यूजियम के भवन | alt = | map_type = India Uttar Pradesh | map_caption = | map_alt = | map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|25.3796|83.02344|display=inline,title}} | established = 1910 | dissolved = | location = [[सारनाथ]], [[बनारस]] | type = पुरातत्व म्यूजियम | collection = बौद्ध कलाकृति, मूर्ती, शिलालेख | visitors = | director = | president = | curator = | owner = | publictransit = | network = | website = http://www.sarnathmuseumasi.org/ }}'''सारनाथ म्यूजियम''' उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के शहर बनारस के लगे [[सारनाथ]] में मौजूद एगो [[म्यूजियम]] (अजायबघर) बा। इ [[भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण|भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण बिभाग]] के म्यूजियम ह जहाँ सारनाथ के खोदाई में मिलल बिबिध प्रकार के चीज संरक्षित क के रखल गइल बा। हेइजे परसिद्ध [[अशोक स्तंभ|सिंह स्तंभ]] के मुकुट भी रखल बा जेके नकल से [[भारत के राष्ट्रीय चीन्हा|भारत के राजकीय चीन्हा]] बनल हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:बनारस]] [[श्रेणी:सारनाथ]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के म्यूजियम]] {{struct-stub}} k1mjvawzdl0hnjf9q6uvfntfwcw7et3 0 52656 814054 753041 2026-11-06T13:41:57Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संजुक्त परिवार''' (हिंदी: संयुक्त परिवार) के माने हवे, अइसन [[परिवार]] जेह में एकही साथे तीन भा तीन से ढेर [[पीढ़ी]] के लोग एक साथ रह रहल होखे।<ref name="KumarDharmendra">{{cite book|author1=Kumar|author2=Dharmendra|title=Samaj Shastra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Hwp9c-nOa0C&pg=PA85|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited|isbn=978-0-07-107492-6|pages=85–}}</ref> एकरा के '''''ज्वाइंट फेमिली''''' भा ''एक्सटेंडेड फेमिली'' भी कहल जाला। ई [[एकल परिवार]] से बड़हन होला आ परिवार में सदस्य लोग के संख्या भी ज्यादा होले। एकरे गुण के रूप में गिनावल जाला की संजुक्त परिवार में पले वाला लड़िका सभ संकुचित माहौल में ना रहे लें आ आपसी एकता के भावना मजबूत होले।<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book|author=Ashok Kumar Sharma|title=Prarambhik Samaj Evam Rajneeti Darshan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ei6IVAZE204C&pg=PA79|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-3177-3|pages=79–}}</ref> अइसन परिवार [[भारतीय उपमहादीप]] ([[भारत]], [[पाकिस्तान]], [[नेपाल]] वगैरह) के ख़ास बिसेसता हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:परिवार]] [[श्रेणी:समाज]] {{society-stub}} oz46a9y46tty4tp65utsdosx8x74gic 0 52672 814141 807670 2026-11-06T15:52:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''समाजशास्त्र''' ({{Langx|en|sociology}}, ''सोशियोलॉजी'') [[समाज]] के अध्ययन करे वाला एकेडेमिक बिसय हवे, ई सामाजिक संबंध, सामाजिक अंतरक्रिया आ [[संस्कृति]] के अध्ययन करे ला आ [[सामाजिक बिज्ञान]] सभ के श्रेणी में आवे ला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:समाजशास्त्र| ]] [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक बिज्ञान]] {{society-stub}} p8784c6ucq65217kdte9tu6kosripxq 0 52780 813743 722270 2026-11-06T12:07:50Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = वशिष्ठ नारायण सिंह | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = <!--only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|4|2}} | birth_place = बसंतपुर, भोजपुर जिला, बिहार | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|11|14|1942|4|2}} | death_place = | nationality = भारतीय | other_names = | occupation = गणितज्ञ | known_for = }} '''वशिष्ठ नारायण सिंह''' (2 अप्रैल 1942 - 14 नवंबर 2019) एगो भारतीय गणितज्ञ रहलें। उनकर जनम [[बिहार]] के [[भोजपुर जिला|भोजपुर]] जिला में बसंतपुर नाम के गाँव में भइल। ऊ [[बर्कली, कैलिफोर्निया|बर्कली]] के कैलिफोर्निया विश्वविद्यालय से 1969 में गणित में पीएचडी॰ के डिग्री प्राप्त कइलें। ऊ मानसिक बिमारी से पीडित रहलें अउर बसंतेपुर मे रहत रहलें। 14 नवंबर 2019 के इनकर पटना में निधन भ गइल।<ref>{{cite news|title=आंइस्टीन को चुनौती देने वाले भारतीय गणितज्ञ वशिष्ठ नारायण सिंह का निधन|url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/mathematician-vashishtha-narayan-singh-passes-away-at-patna-medical-college-and-hospital|accessdate=14 नवंबर 2019|work=Amar Ujala|date=14 नवंबर 2019}}</ref> == शुरुआती जीवन आऊर शिक्षा == 2 अप्रैल 1942 में उनकर जनम [[भोजपुर जिला]] के बसंतपुर गांव में लाल बहादुर सिंह अउर लहासो देवी हिँया भइल। उनकर शुरुआती पढ़ाई लिखाई [[नेतरहाट हाई स्कूल]] से भइल अउर ओकर बाद के पढ़ाई [[पटना विश्वविद्यालय]] से भइल। कॉलेज के पहिलके साल से उ बहुत जादे विख्यात हो गइलें। फिर आगे जाके उ [[कैलिफोर्निया यूनिव्सिटी]] से [[रिप्रोड़्युसिंग कर्नलस व|रिप्रोड़्युसिंग कर्नलस विथ साइकिलीक वेक्टर]] विषय से पीएचडी कईलें। == कैरियर == == काम == * Singh, Vashishtha N. (1974). ''[http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.pjm/1102911984 Reproducing kernels and operators with a cyclic vector]''. I. Pacific J. Math. 52 (1974), no. 2, 567–584. {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:1942 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2019 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] {{bio-stub}} 5rpigvuos2b9zxt4i95pwn40wkydrs6 0 52999 814003 700168 2026-11-06T13:02:53Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = {{raise|0.2em|शी जिनपिंग}} | native_name = | honorific_prefix = | image = Xi Jinping 2019 (49060546152) 2.jpg | office = चीन के कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी के जनरल सेक्रेटरी | term_start = 15 नवंबर 2012 | term_end = | predecessor = [[हू जिंताओ]] | successor = | office1 = पीआरसी चीन के सातवाँ राष्ट्रपति | premier1 = ली केकियांग | vicepresident1 = | term_start1 = 14 मार्च 2013 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1953|6|15}} | birth_place = [[बीजिंग]], [[चीन]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = चीनी कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (1974–अबतक) | spouse = {{marriage|के लिंग्लिंग|1979|1982|end=तलाक}}<br />{{marriage|पेंग लियुआन|1987|}} | children = शी मिंगजे (बेटी) | residence = | alma_mater = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | footnotes = }} '''शी जिनपिंग''' [[चीन]] के वर्तमान राष्ट्रपति आ चीनी कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी के जनरल सेक्रेटरी बाड़ें। चीनी नाँव परंपरा के अनुसार इनके पारिवारिक नाम 'शी' ह आ 'जिनपिंग' इनकर व्यक्तिगत नाम ह। नवंबर 2012 में शी जिनपिंग चीनी साम्यवादी पार्टी क महासचिव नियुक्त भइल रहले। जिनपिंग चीनी साम्यवादी पार्टी के पुरान नेता शी झोंगशुन​ के बेटा हवें। [[माओ]] के बाद इनका के चीन में भइल अबतक के सभसे ताकतवर नेता मानल गइल बा।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/international-41732199 |title=माओ के बाद 'सबसे ताकतवर' हुए शी जिनपिंग - BBC News हिंदी |publisher=Bbc.com |date= |accessdate=2018-04-19}}</ref> {{clr}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:चीन के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1953 में जनम]] {{bio-stub}} 7htnvwd2sb0uvo6bje92mfx4um68ehj 0 53315 814061 550687 2026-11-06T13:42:44Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सन्यास''' [[भारतीय संस्कृति]], खासतौर से [[हिंदू धर्म|हिंदू संस्कृति]], में जिनगी जिए के आदर्श ब्यवस्था के रूप में बतावल गइल चार गो आश्रम सभ में से अंतिम हवे; पहिला तीन गो आश्रम, ब्रह्मचर्य, गृहस्थ आ वानप्रस्थ बाड़ें। एह ब्यवस्था में औरत-मर्द के जिनगी के अंतिम समय, यानी अगर औसत उमिर के सौ बरिस मानल जाय तब पचहत्तर के पार के उमिर, सांसारिक मोहमाया से मुक्त हो के बितावे के आदर्श बतावल गइल हवे। अइसन लोग के सन्यासी भा सन्यासिनी कहल जाला। हालाँकि, अगर केहू संसार से बैराग चाहे तब सन्यासी/सन्यासिनी बने खाती कवनो उमिर ना बा आ कबो एह तरह के जिनगी अपना सके ला। सन्यास लेवे वाला ब्यक्ति के घर-परिवार के चिंता-बंधन छोड़ के, संसार के मोह-माया से मुक्त हो के, ध्यान-ज्ञान आ चिंतन मनन के जिनगी बितावे के होला। कई मायने में ई [[बौद्ध धर्म]] के भिक्खु/भिक्खुनी, [[जैन धर्म]] के साधु/साध्वी या ईसाई धरम के मोंक/नन नियर जिनगी से समानता वाला बिचार हवे। संसार के चीजन के मोह आ उपभोग के त्याग के अध्यात्मिक जिनगी बितावे के शैली हवे। [[महात्मा गाँधी]] के मोताबिक सन्यास के अरथ संसार के पलायन, यानी भागल, ना हवे बलुक ब्यक्ति के जवन ऊर्जा अपना खाती सुख एकट्ठा करे में लागे ले ओकरा के मोड़ के जन-कल्याण आ अच्छाई खाती लगावे के कोसिस सन्यास हवे।<ref name="Lal2009">{{cite book|author=बी. के. लाल|title=समकालीन भारतीय दर्शन|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AtrEz7Pq5IC&pg=PT183|year=2009|publisher=मोतीलाल बनारसीदास|isbn=978-81-208-2232-0|pages=183–}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय दर्शन]] {{philosophy-stub}} {{culture-stub}} p64moq5cmsbj4g9a5uxzaxs1hd20620 0 53594 814374 773136 2026-11-07T07:15:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सुदर्शन चक्र''' एगो अस्त्र हवे जे हिंदू धार्मिक परंपरा आ कथा सभ में [[बिष्णु]] के हथियार मानल गइल हवे।<ref name="l795">{{cite book | last=Dalal | first=R. | title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2014 | isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1184 | access-date=18 July 2024 | page=1184}}</ref> एकरा के ज्यादातर मूर्ती आ चित्र सभ में बिष्णु के चार गो में से पछिला दहिना हाथ में देखावल जाला। ई 108 गो दांता वाला गोल चकरी के रूप में कल्पित कइल जाला आ देखावल जाला जेकरा के बिष्णु अपने तर्जनी (पहिली) अँगुरी में धारण करे लें आ फेंक के इस्तेमाल करे लें। [[File:Four-armed Seated Vishnu in Meditation - Mediaeval Period - Pannapur - ACCN 14-379 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5275.JPG|thumb|सुदर्शन चक्र]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{hinduism-stub}} {{hindu-myth-stub}} dwntzp45bgx126jwdqpd96jv0oz80od 0 53681 813965 753083 2026-11-06T13:00:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[भारत]] में '''शहीद दिवस''' कई तिथी के मनावल जाला जेह में कुछ प्रमुख तिथी नीचे दिहल गइल बा: == 30 जनवरी == [[30 जनवरी]], 1948 के नाथूराम गोडसे द्वारा [[महात्मा गाँधी]] के गोली मार के हत्या क दिहल गइल रहे। महात्मा के पुन्यतिथी के भारत में शहीद दिवस के रूप में मनावल जाला। एही दिन भारत के आजादी के लड़ाई में शहीद भइल अन्य अनाम ढेर सारा शहीद लोग के भी याद कइल जाला।<ref name="Shandilya2009">{{cite book|author=Rajeshwari Shandilya|title=Bharatiya Parva Evam Tyohar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-W9YAtfQs1UC&pg=PT340|year=2009|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7315-617-5|pages=340–}}</ref> एह दिन राजधानी [[दिल्ली]] में राजघाट पर जा के राष्ट्रपति, प्रधानमंत्री वगैरह गणमान्य ब्यक्ति लोग शहीद सभ के श्रद्धासुमन अर्पित करे ला। बिगुल बजा के सलामी दिहल जाले आ शहीदन के याद में 2 मिनट के मौन रखल जाला। == 23 मार्च == 23 मार्च के [[भगत सिंह]], राजगुरु आ सुखदेव के फाँसी दिहल गइल रहे। एह दिन के भी भारत में शहीदी दिवस के रूप में मनावल जाला। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के परब तिहुआर आ उत्सव|दिवस]] {{india-stub}} qrdulbqngh46bfxbgzukxv7gae4bmf7 0 53822 813768 773634 2026-11-06T12:09:53Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वार्ड''' (Ward) का मतलब भौगोलिक वितरण के कोनो एक जगह क्षेत्र होला। पहले [[नेपाल]] के [[गाविस]] सभ मे वार्ड होइत रहे आ [[नगरपालिका]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bharatpurmun.gov.np/en/ward-profile |title=Ward Profile &#124; Bharatpur Metropolitan City |language=en |publisher=Bharatpurmun.gov.np |date= |accessdate=2018-04-26 |archive-date=2018-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503232502/http://bharatpurmun.gov.np/en/ward-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> मे [[वार्ड कार्यालय]]। लेकिन संघियता मे गइला के वाद [[नेपाल]] मे गाविस सभ के मिला के [[गांवपालिका]] बनल आ गाविस [[कार्यालय]] सभ [[वार्ड कार्यालय]] बनावल गेल ह। वार्ड अस्पताल मे भी बाटे।<ref>http://www.dgde.gov.in/hi/content/अस्पताल-वार्ड-रूम</ref> ==वार्ड कार्यालय सभ== ==अस्पताल के वार्ड सभ== ==सन्दर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के उपबिभाग]] [[श्रेणी:बस्ती भूगोल]] mqqaeh5ymtpusz430exi761nsghsips 0 54072 814244 788528 2026-11-06T16:06:58Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info --> |name = सिद्धलेक |other_name = Siddhalek |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|गाँवपालिका]] |motto = <!-- images and maps --> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nepal |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300px |pushpin_map_caption = सिद्धलेक गाँवपालिका <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{flag|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपाल के प्रदेश|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[प्रदेश संख्या ३]] |subdivision_type3 = [[नेपाल के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] |subdivision_name3 = [[धादिंग जिला]] |<!-- Politics --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[नेपाल के प्रशासनिक बिभाजन|स्थानीय सरकार]] |governing_body = [[गाँव कार्यपालिका]] |leader_title = अध्यक्ष |leader_name = प्रेमप्रेमनाथ सिलवाल ([[एमाले]])<ref>http://archive.setopati.com/raajneeti/68459/{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष |leader_name1 = कमला शर्मा |leader_title2 = [[कार्यकारी अधिकृत|कार्यकारी]] |leader_name2 = |established_title = स्थापना |established_date = 27 फाल्गुण 2073 (20 सितंबर 2015) <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 106.9 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 23,729 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = जातीय |population_blank1 = <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[नेपाल मानक समय|नेपाल समय]] |utc_offset = +5:45 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd = 27.84 |longd = 84.81 |coordinates_display = title,inline |coordinates_type = type:adm2nd_source:unmaps-enwiki |coordinates_region = NP |coor_pinpoint = सलांग |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = +977-10 |blank_name = केन्द्र |blank_info = पहिले के '''सलांग''' गाविस के [[कार्यालय]] |website = |footnotes = }} '''सिद्धलेक गाँवपालिका''', [[नेपाल]] के [[धादिंग जिला]] में एगो गाँवपालिका बा। ई गाँवपालिका में 7 गो वार्ड बा। एह गाँवपालिका के कुल जनसंख्या 23,729 बा आ क्षेत्रफल 106.9 वर्गकिलोमीटर बाटे। नेपाल में नेपालके नया 744 स्थानीय प्रशासनिक इकाई लागू भइला के बाद से [[धादिंग जिला]] के पहिले के '''नलांग''', '''सलांग''' आ '''कुम्पुर''' गाँव विकास समिति सभ के मिला के '''सिद्धलेक गाँवपालिका''' बनल ह।<ref name="division">{{cite news|title=गाँवपालिका व नगरपालिका कौन जिला मे कितना?|url=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084|accessdate=8 फरवरी 2018|publisher=लोकान्तर|date=8 फरवरी 2018|ref=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084}}</ref> एकर केंद्र पहिले के '''सलांग''' गाविस के कार्यालय मे राखल गइल बा। एह गाँवपालिका के उत्तर मे [[ज्वालामुखी गांवपालिका]], [[नीलकंठ नगरपालिका]] दक्खिन मे [[गजुरी गांवपालिका]], [[बेनीघाट रोराङ गांवपालिका]] पुरब मे [[नीलकंठ नगरपालिका]], [[गल्छी गांवपालिका]] आ पश्चिम मे [[गोरखा जिला]] बाड़ें।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानीय तह के विवरण |url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |website=mofald.gov.np |publisher=संघीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मंत्रालय, [[नेपाल सरकार]] |accessdate=8 फरवरी 2018 |archive-date=2019-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट]] * [[नेपाल के नगरपालिका सभ के लिस्ट]] ==संदर्भ== {{reflist|33em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== *[www.ddcdhading.gov.np धादिंग जिला समन्वय समिति के कार्यालय] {{Geographic location |state = expanded |Centre = सिद्धलेक गाँवपालिका |North = [[ज्वालामुखी गांवपालिका]], [[नीलकंठ नगरपालिका]] |Northeast = |East = [[नीलकंठ नगरपालिका]], [[गल्छी गांवपालिका]] |Southeast = |South = [[गजुरी गांवपालिका]], [[बेनीघाट रोराङ गांवपालिका]] |Southwest = |West = [[गोरखा जिला]] |Northwest = }} {{धादिंग जिला}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के गाँवपालिका]] [[श्रेणी:प्रदेश संख्या 3 के गाँवपालिका सभ]] [[श्रेणी:धादिंग जिला के नगरपालिका आ गाँवपालिका सभ]] cq5etug69lcvbq714ped5c4clxjbe05 14 54918 814258 545264 2026-11-06T16:38:10Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना]] खातिर नई सॉर्टकुंजी: "*" 814258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Hyderabad, India}} {{cat main|हैदराबाद}} [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना|*]] 3lh8q8cdnarghper5oho9ecuoc8745w 814259 814258 2026-11-06T16:38:20Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] जोड़ल गइल 814259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Hyderabad, India}} {{cat main|हैदराबाद}} [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना|*]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] e41vydq0xc78ikqd6faoifhdzq1dhzf 814260 814259 2026-11-06T16:39:37Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारत के शहर आ कस्बा]] हटावल गइल 814260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Hyderabad, India}} {{cat main|हैदराबाद}} [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:तेलंगाना|*]] 3lh8q8cdnarghper5oho9ecuoc8745w 14 54920 814256 545268 2026-11-06T16:36:22Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत]] खातिर नई सॉर्टकुंजी: "+" 814256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat main|तेलंगाना}} {{commonscat|Telangana}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र]] [[श्रेणी:दक्खिन भारत|+]] s55i0x8cc0immqk19zxz85tq3w3pzvw 0 54943 813831 748532 2026-11-06T12:50:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox | above = Olympic Winter Games | bodyclass = hlist nowraplinks | image1= [[File:Olympic rings without rims.svg|150px]] | image2= | caption2= [[2018 विंटर ओलंपिक]] के दौरान प्योंगचांग में ओलंपिक मशाल | headerstyle = border-top: 1px solid #aaa | header1 = [[गेम]] }} '''''विंटर ओलंपिक खेल''''' (Olympic Winter Games) हर चार साल प आयोजित होखे वाला अंतर्राष्ट्रीय खेल प्रतियोगिता हवे जेह में बरफ पर खेलल जाए वाला [[खेलकूद]] होखे लें। वर्तमान साल 2018 के विंटर ओलंपिक दक्खिन कोरिया देस के प्योंगचांग में 9 फरवरी से 25 फरवरी ले आयोजित कइल जा रहल बाने। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:विंटर ओलंपिक]] {{sports-stub}} 8fdho9qqlq01yuv9sw4hq2z7o2g9jcm 0 54950 814126 789977 2026-11-06T15:50:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|[[हिंदू धर्म]] के बैकल्पिक नाँव के रूप में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला शब्दावली|सनातन धर्म}}{{Hinduism}} '''सनातनी''' शब्द के इस्तेमाल [[भारतीय संस्कृति|भारतीय]] उपमहादीप में दू प्रमुख अरथ में होखे ला - ओह '''लोग''' खाती जे अपना के [[#सनातन धर्म|सनातन धर्म]] के माने वाला कहे ला, आ कबो-कबो खुद सनातन धर्म खाती भी जे [[हिंदू धर्म]] के एगो '''रूढ़िवादी शाखा''' भा मत हवे। एह शब्द के उत्पत्ती के बारे में मानल जाला कि परंपरावादी हिंदू लोग अपना धरम खाती "हिंदू" शब्द के इस्तेमाल से बचे खाती एह [[शब्द]] के इस्तेमाल शुरू कइल, काहें से कि "हिंदू" [[शब्द]] [[संस्कृत]] मूल के ना मानल जाला बलुक बिदेसी शब्द मानल जाला। [[हिंदू]] धरम के दू भाग में बिभाजन, मध्य काल के संत लोग द्वारा बिबिध ब्याख्या आ ओकरे बाद के जमाना में भइल हिंदू धर्म सुधार के परिणाम के कारण बनल शाखा भा मत सभ से पुराना जमाना के चलल आ रहल परंपरागत रीति-रिवाज वाला शाखा के अलगा करे खाती भी कइल जाला; एह बिभाजन में परंपरागत मत के सनातनी आ बाद वाला सभ के समाजी शाखा के रूप में देखल जाला। हालाँकि, दक्खिन भारत में शैव, वैष्णव आ शाक्त के बिभाजन प्रमुख रूप से स्वीकार कइल जाला, उत्तर [[भारत]] में सनातनी आ समाजी के बिभाजन प्रबल रूप लिहलस जेह में बाकी के ऊपर बतावल बिभाजन सभ के आपस में घालमेल हो गइल। कुछ बिद्वान लोग एकरा के [[ईसाई धर्म]] के कैथोलिक आ प्रोटेस्टेंट रुपी बिभाजन से भी तुलना करे ला। ==सनातन धर्म== {{main|सनातन धर्म}} '''सनातन धर्म''' के शाब्दिक अरथ होला "हमेसा से चलल आइल धर्म" भा "जेकर आदि-अंत न होखे"। ई शब्द अब अधिकतर हिंदू धर्म खाती इस्तेमाल होला। एह शब्द के प्रस्ताव हिंदू धर्म खाती एह कारण कइल बतावल जाला काहें कि "हिंदू"शब्द भारतीय उत्पत्ती के ना हवे बलुक बिदेसी (फ़ारसी/ईरानी) शब्द हवे।<ref name="ref70cumez">{{Citation | title=Gods in the global village: the world's religions in sociological perspective | author=Lester R. Kurtz | publisher=Pine Forge Press, 2007 | isbn=9781412927154 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dEAk-C3hdwC | quote=''... Hinduism — or Sanatana Dharma, as some believers prefer to call it — is askewed now in religious tradition and the remenants of the Truth of it is what is being talked about here. It now encompass layers of complex deposits from many different cultures over the centuries. Its remarkable diversity and doctrinal tolerance ...''| year=2007 }}</ref> एह शब्दावली के इस्तेमाल हिंदू धर्म सुधार के दौरान भी ब्यापक भइल जेह में परंपरावादी लोग अपना मूल धर्म खाती ई गैर फ़ारसी आ भारतीय नाँव बीछल।<ref name = san>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000</ref><ref>J. Zavos, ''Defending Hindu Tradition: Sanatana Dharma as a Symbol of Orthodoxy in Colonial India'', Religion (Academic Press), Volume 31, Number 2, April 2001, pp. 109-123; see also R. D. Baird, "Swami Bhaktivedanta and the Encounter with Religions", ''Modern Indian Responses to Religious Pluralism'', edited by Harold Coward, State University of New York Press, 1987)</ref> वर्तमान इस्तेमाल में ''सनातन धर्म'' के इस्तमाल "रूढ़िवादी" भा ''परंपरावादी'' ("शाश्वत") के अरथ में कइल जाला जेकर मकसद हिंदू धर्म सुधार के आंदोलन सभ (जइसे आर्य [[समाज]], राधा स्वामी संप्रदाय, रामकृष्ण मिशन वगैरह) के बाद भइल बदलाव से पुराना परंपरा सभ के अलगा करे खाती हवे।<ref name="ref48zupul">{{Citation | title=Folk, Volumes 36-37 | author=Dansk etnografisk forening | publisher=Dansk etnografisk forening, 1995 | isbn= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM9KAAAAYAAJ | quote=''... The Arya Samaj and their activities can be understood as representing a cultural revivalist movement ... the orthodox Hindus, the Sanatanis, who supported and protected Sanatan Dharm (eternal religion) ...''| year=1995 }}</ref><ref name="ref55micac">{{Citation | title=Religion and politics in India: a study of the role of Arya Samaj | author=Anupama Arya | publisher=K.K. Publications, 2001 | isbn= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h4bXAAAAMAAJ | quote=''... the Samaj is opposed to idol worship which is practised in the traditional Sanatan Dharma of Hindu ... difference between the Arya Samaj and those movements was that the former was a revivalist and a fundamentalist movement ...''| year=2001 }}</ref><ref name="ref97dizel">{{Citation | title=One lifetime, many lives: the experience of modern Hindu hagiography | author=Robin Rinehart | publisher=Oxford University Press US, 1999 | isbn=9780788505553 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uF_ygz1CLHIC | quote=''... the Lahore Sanatana Dharma Sabha [society for the eternal dharma], which was an organization dedicated to preserving what it considered the true Hindu tradition against the onslaught of reform and revival groups ...''| year=1999 }}</ref> एह शब्द ''धर्म सनातन'' के क्लासिकल संस्कृत साहित्य में भी आइल उद्धरण खोजल गइल बा, जइसे कि मनुस्मृति (4-138)<ref name="manusmriti2345">{{Citation | title=Manusmriti (4-138) | url= | quote=''... "Satyam bruyatpriyam bruyanna bruyatsatyamapriyam. Priyam cha nanrtam bruyadesa dharmah sanatanah." (अनुबाद: "Speak the truth, speak the truth that is pleasant. Do not speak the truth to manipulate. Do not speak falsely to please or flatter someone. This is the quality of the ''eternal dharma''") ...''}}</ref> में आ भागवत पुराण में,<ref name="bhagvatapurana2345">{{Citation|title=Bhagvata Purana|url=https://www.vedabase.com/en/sb/8/14/4|quote=''... "At the end of each cycle of four yugas, the rishis, through their asceticism, saw the collections of srutis swallowed up by time, after which the ''eternal dharma'' (was re-established). (Srimad Bhagavatam 8.14.4)}}</ref><ref name="patton1234">''Authority, Anxiety, and Canon'' By Laurie L. Patton, P. 103.</ref> जहाँ एकर इस्तेमाल "[[ब्रह्मांड|ब्रह्मांडी ब्यवस्था]]" के रूप में भइल बा। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] kd9swa8lx2xsmm2cn79gdmu6qrjdat7 0 54951 814125 804388 2026-11-06T15:50:09Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सनातन धर्म''', मतलब “हमेशा से चलत आवे वाला धर्म” चाहे “सनातन व्यवस्था”)<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Sanatana dharma {{!}} Hinduism|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sanatana-dharma|access-date=2021-07-04|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> भा '''सनातनवाद'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jacobs |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5732hIV03kC&dq=%22sanatanism%22&pg=PA132 |title=Hinduism Today: An Introduction |date=2010-06-24 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-3065-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[हिंदू धर्म]] खातिर इस्तेमाल होखे वाला एगो दूसरहा (बैकल्पिक) नाँव हवे। ई शब्द खासकर हिंदू लोग अपना लोग द्वारा इस्तेमाल कइल (इंडोनिम के रूप में) जाए वाला रूप में देखे ला, जबकि “हिंदू” शब्द के नाम बाहरी (exonym) रूप में देखल जाला। ई शब्द [[संस्कृत]] आ भारत के अउरी कई भाषा सभ में मिलेला।<ref name="ref70cumez">{{Citation |author=Lester R. Kurtz |title=Gods in the global village: the world's religions in sociological perspective |page=49 |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dEAk-C3hdwC |publisher=Pine Forge Press, 2007 |isbn=978-1-4129-2715-4 |quote=... Hinduism — or Sanatana Dharma, as some believers prefer to call it — is askewed now in religious tradition and the remenants of the Truth of it is what is being talked about here. It now encompass layers of complex deposits from many different cultures over the centuries. Its remarkable diversity and doctrinal tolerance ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajarajan |first=R. K. K. |date=January 2020 |title=Drāviḍian/Tamil Concept of Religion is sanātanadharma a Religion? |url=https://www.academia.edu/44450087 |series=Into the Nuances of Culture. Essays on Culture Studies |language=en}}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[सनातनी]] (हिंदू धर्म के एगो पंथ) * [[बौद्ध धर्म]] * ''[[एस धम्मो सनंतनो]]'' * [[हिंदू राष्ट्रवाद]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म के इतिहास]] {{Hinduism-stub}} 87rfn6subbadak1scstq3822w84621q 0 54967 814020 805499 2026-11-06T13:04:07Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = शेरधन राई | image = | nickname = | birth_date = 23 फरवरी 1971 | birth_place = पसलभन्जयांग, [[थिदिंखा]], [[भोजपुर जिला, नेपाल|भोजपुर]], [[नेपाल]] | alma_mater = | death_date = | death_place = | constituency = | profession = राजनीतिज्ञ | party =[[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (संयुक्त मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (माले)]] | spouse = | children = | office1 = [[प्रदेश संख्या 1 के मुख्यमंत्री सभ के सूची|1लका]] [[प्रदेश संख्या 1 के मुख्यमंत्री]] | deputy1 = | term_start1 = 14 फरवरी 2018 | term_end1 = | deputy2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | predecessor1 = खुदे | successor1 = | office2 = [[सूचना आ संचार मंत्रालय (नेपाल)]] | deputy3 = | term_start3 = 5 नवम्बर 2015 | term_end3 = 14 अगस्त 2016 | predecessor2 = [[मिनेन्द्र रिजाल]] | successor2 = [[राम कार्की]] | office3 = | term_start4 = | term_end4 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | constituency2 = | office4 = | term_start5 | term_end5 = | predecessor4 = | successor4= | term_start6 = | term_end6 = | predecessor5= | successor5 = | office6 = | term_start7 = | term_end7 = | predecessor6 = | successor6 = | term_start8 = | term_end8 = | predecessor7 = | successor7 = | office8 = | primeminister8 = | term_start9 = | term_end9 = | predecessor8 = | successor8 = | term_start10 = | term_end10 = | predecessor9 = | successor9 = }} '''शेरधन राई''' [[नेपाल]] के एगो राजनीतिज्ञ आ राजनीतिक नेता हवन। उहाँ के वर्तमान में [[कोशी प्रदेश]], पूरबी नेपाल में स्थित एगो प्रदेश के [[मुख्यमंत्री]] बानी। उहाँ के 2रका नेपाली संविधान सभा के सदस्य भी रहल बानी। उहाँ के नेपाली संविधान सभा के निर्वाचन, 2013 में [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)]] पार्टी की ओर से भोजपुर&ndash;2 सीट जीतले रहनी।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/election/dr.php?dr=2|publisher=MyRepublica.com|title=MyRepublica :: Election Special|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://election.nepalnews.com/elected.htm|publisher=Nepalnews.com|title=Nepalnews.com - News from Nepal as it happens :: Elected Members|accessdate=1 August 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213320/http://election.nepalnews.com/elected.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Ujyaaloonline">{{cite web|url=http://election.ujyaaloonline.com/candidates/5234/Sher-Dhan-Rai/|title=Election Candidate - Sher Dhan Rai|publisher=Ujyaaloonline.com|accessdate=1 August 2014|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824163417/http://election.ujyaaloonline.com/candidates/5234/Sher-Dhan-Rai/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. उहाँ के प्रदेश संख्या 1 के संसदीय पार्टी नेता बानी आ 9 फरवरी, 2018 के संसदीय पार्टी नेता के रूप में चुनल गइल रहनी।<ref name="The Himalayan Times">{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/sherdhan-rai-elected-cpn-uml-pp-leader/|title=Sherdhan Rai elected as CPN-UML PP leader|publisher=The Himalayan Times|accessdate=9 February 2018}}</ref> राई [[कोशी प्रदेश]] के [[मुख्यमंत्री]] के तवर पे 14 फरवरी 2018 के चुनल गइनी।<ref name="CM of Province 1">{{cite news|url= http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-02-14/sherdhan-rai-elected-cm-of-province-1.html |title= Sherdhan Rai elected CM of Province 1 |date=14 February 2018|publisher= kathmandupost.ekantipur.com |accessdate=15 February 2018}}</ref> उहाँ के पहिले [[सूचना आ संचार मंत्रालय (नेपाल)|सूचना आ संचार मंत्री]] रह चुकल बानी। उहाँ के [[नेपाल के संविधान]] के धारा 168(1) के तहत मुख्यमंत्री पद पर निर्वाचित भइनी।<ref name="CM of Province 1"/> ==पहिले के जिनगी== श्री शेरधन राई जी के जनम पसलभञ्ज्याङ, थिन्दिंखा ([[भोजपुर जिला, नेपाल|भोजपुर जिला]]) जवन पहिले [[नेपाल]] के [[पूर्वांचल विकास क्षेत्र]] में पड़त रहल में एगो किसान परिवार के घर में भइल रहल। उनकर माता-पिता के नाम श्री जागीरमान राई आ श्रीमती राम्री माया राई ह। उनके पिता जी पंचायत काल में गांव के मुखिया पद पर निर्विरोध तीन बार चुनल गइले। नेपाल में लोकतंत्र लागू भइला के बाद उहाँ के दु बार गांव के मुखिया पद पर निर्विरोध चुनल गईनी।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ecanadanepal.com/2016/04/interview-with-sherdhan-rai.html?m=1 |title= Interview with Sherdhan Rai |date= 22 April 2016 |website= ecanadanepal.com |publisher= |access-date= 15 February 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:राई, शेर धन}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के राजनेता]] [[श्रेणी:1971 में जनम]] {{Nepal-politician-stub}} to7pl5c0q77664e6e357x6sso4qd8aq 0 54994 813835 715045 2026-11-06T12:50:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Sir Winston Churchill |office = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] |honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] |honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=|KG|OM|CH|TD|PCc|DL|FRS|RA}} |image = Sir Winston Churchill - 19086236948.jpg |caption = Winston Churchill in the [[Centre Block|Canadian Parliament]], December 1941 by [[Yousuf Karsh]] |deputy = [[Anthony Eden]] |monarch = {{ubl|[[George VI]]|[[Elizabeth II]]}} |predecessor = [[Clement Attlee]] |successor = [[Anthony Eden]] |monarch2 = George VI |office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]] |predecessor2 = Clement Attlee |primeminister2 = Clement Attlee |deputy1 = Clement Attlee |monarch1 = George VI |predecessor1 = [[Neville Chamberlain]] |successor1 = Clement Attlee {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Leadership positions}} |successor2 = Clement Attlee |image_size = 250 |term_start = 26 October 1951 |term_end = 6 April 1955 |term_start1 = 10 May 1940 |term_end1 = 26 July 1945 |term_start2 = 26 July 1945 |term_end2 = 26 October 1951 |office3 = [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Leader of the Conservative Party]] |term_start3 = 9 November 1940 |term_end3 = 6 April 1955 |predecessor3 = Neville Chamberlain |successor3 = Anthony Eden {{Collapsed infobox section end}} {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Ministerial offices 1939–52}} |office4 = [[Secretary of State for Defence|Minister of Defence]] |term_start4 = 28 October 1951 |term_end4 = 1 March 1952 |predecessor4 = [[Manny Shinwell]] |successor4 = [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Harold Alexander, 1st {{nowrap|Earl Alexander}} of Tunis]] |term_start5 = 10 May 1940 |term_end5 = 26 July 1945 |predecessor5 = [[Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield|Ernle Chatfield, 1st {{nowrap|Baron Chatfield}}]] ([[Minister for Co-ordination of Defence|Coordination of Defence]]) |successor5 = Clement Attlee |office6 = [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] |primeminister6 = Neville Chamberlain |term_start6 = 3 September 1939 |term_end6 = 11 May 1940 |predecessor6 = [[James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope|James Stanhope, 7th {{nowrap|Earl Stanhope}}]] |successor6 = [[A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough|A. V. Alexander, 1st {{nowrap|Earl Alexander}} of Hillsborough]]{{Collapsed infobox section end}} {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Ministerial offices 1908–29}} |office7 = [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] |primeminister7 = [[Stanley Baldwin]] |term_start7 = 6 November 1924 |term_end7 = 4 June 1929 |predecessor7 = [[Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden|Philip Snowden]] |successor7 = Philip Snowden |office8 = [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] |primeminister8 = [[David Lloyd George]] |term_start8 = 13 February 1921 |term_end8 = 19 October 1922 |predecessor8 = [[Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner|Alfred Milner, 1st {{nowrap|Viscount Milner}}]] |successor8 = [[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|Victor Cavendish, 9th {{nowrap|Duke of Devonshire}}]] |office9 = [[Secretary of State for Air]] |primeminister9 = [[David Lloyd George]] |term_start9 = 10 January 1919 |term_end9 = 13 February 1921 |predecessor9 = [[William Weir, 1st Viscount Weir|William Weir, 1st {{nowrap|Viscount Weir}}]] |successor9 = [[Frederick Guest|Freddie Guest]] |office10 = [[Secretary of State for War]] |primeminister10 = David Lloyd George |term_start10 = 10 January 1919 |term_end10 = 13 February 1921 |predecessor10 = [[Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner|Alfred Milner, 1st {{nowrap|Viscount Milner}}]] |successor10 = [[Laming Worthington-Evans]] |office11 = [[Minister of Munitions]] |primeminister11 = David Lloyd George |term_start11 = 17 July 1917 |term_end11 = 10 January 1919 |predecessor11 = [[Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison|Christopher Addison]] |successor11 = [[Andrew Weir, 1st Baron Inverforth|Andrew Weir, 1st {{nowrap|Baron Inverforth}}]] |office12 = [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]] |primeminister12 = [[H. H. Asquith]] |term_start12 = 25 May 1915 |term_end12 = 25 November 1915 |predecessor12 = [[Edwin Samuel Montagu|Edwin Montagu]] |successor12 = [[Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel|Herbert Samuel]] |office13 = [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] |primeminister13 = H. H. Asquith |term_start13 = 24 October 1911 |term_end13 = 25 May 1915 |predecessor13 = [[Reginald McKenna]] |successor13 = [[Arthur Balfour]] |office14 = [[Home Secretary]] |primeminister14 = H. H. Asquith |term_start14 = 19 February 1910 |term_end14 = 24 October 1911 |predecessor14 = [[Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone|Herbert Gladstone]] |successor14 = [[Reginald McKenna]] |office15 = [[President of the Board of Trade]] |primeminister15 = H. H. Asquith |term_start15 = 12 April 1908 |term_end15 = 14 February 1910 |predecessor15 = David Lloyd George |successor15 = [[Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton|Sydney Buxton]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Constituencies represented}} |module = {{Infobox MP |embed = yes |office1 = [[Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Woodford (UK Parliament constituency)|Woodford]] |term_start1 = 5 July 1945 |term_end1 = 15 October 1964 |predecessor1 = ''Constituency established'' |successor1 = ''Constituency abolished'' |office2 = [[Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Epping (UK Parliament constituency)|Epping]] |term_start2 = 29 October 1924 |term_end2 = 5 July 1945 |predecessor2 = [[Leonard Lyle, 1st Baron Lyle of Westbourne|Leonard Lyle]] |successor2 = [[Leah Manning]] |office3 = [[Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Dundee (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee]] |alongside3 = [[Alexander Wilkie]] |term_start3 = 24 April 1908 |term_end3 = 15 November 1922 |predecessor3 = [[Edmund Robertson, 1st Baron Lochee|Edmund Robertson]]<br />[[Alexander Wilkie]] |successor3 = [[Edwin Scrymgeour]]<br />[[E. D. Morel]] |office4 = [[Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Manchester North West (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester North West]] |term_start4 = 8 February 1906 |term_end4 = 24 April 1908 |predecessor4 = [[William Houldsworth]] |successor4 = [[William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford|William Joynson-Hicks]] |office5 = [[Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Oldham (UK Parliament constituency)|Oldham]] |term_start5 = 24 October 1900 |term_end5 = 12 January 1906 |predecessor5 = [[Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford|Walter Runciman]] |successor5 = [[John Albert Bright|John Bright]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} |module2 = {{Infobox MP |embed = yes |birth_name = Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill |birth_date = {{birth date|1874|11|30|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Woodstock, Oxfordshire|Woodstock]], [[Oxfordshire]], England |death_date = {{death date and age|1965|1|24|1874|11|30|df=yes}} |death_place = [[Kensington]], [[County of London|London]]<!--as was-->, England |death_cause = Stroke |restingplace = [[St Martin's Church, Bladon]] |party = {{ubl | [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] (Before 1904; 1924–1964) | [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] (1904–1924) }} |spouse = {{marriage|[[Clementine Churchill|Clementine Hozier]]|12 September 1908}} |children = {{ubl | [[Diana Churchill]] | [[Randolph Churchill]] | [[Sarah Churchill (actress)|Sarah Churchill]] | Marigold Churchill | [[Mary Soames]] }} |parents = {{ubl | [[Lord Randolph Churchill]] | [[Jennie Jerome]] }} |alma_mater = [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] |allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch = {{ubl | [[British Army]] | [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] }} |serviceyears = {{ubl | 1895–1900 | 1900–1924}} |rank = [[Honours of Winston Churchill#Military ranks and titles|See list]] |commands = [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|6th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers]] |battles = {{ubl | [[Mahdist War]] | [[Second Boer War]] | [[First World War]] }} |mawards = [[Honours of Winston Churchill#Orders, decorations and medals|See list]] |signature = }} }} '''सर विंस्टन लियोनार्ड स्पेंसर चर्चिल''' (30 नवंबर 1874 – 24 जनवरी 1965) जिनके परसिद्ध नाँव '''विंस्टन चर्चिल''' हवे, एगो ब्रिटिश राजनीतिक नेता, आर्मी अफसर, लेखक आ बक्ता रहलें जे 1940 से 1945 ले आ दोबारा 1951 से 955 तक ले [[यूनाइटेड किंगडम]] के परधानमंत्री रहलें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:1965 में निधन]] {{politician-stub}} mehvfh0kze89csw00lnchxs4ugjl7b1 0 55051 814065 804543 2026-11-06T13:43:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paul Avril - Les Sonnetts Luxurieux (1892) de Pietro Aretino, 2.jpg|thumb|220px|alt=Sexual Intercourse|सेक्स के सभसे आम रूप, [[मिशनरी पोजीशन]] जेह में मर्द ऊपर रहे ला]] '''सेक्स''' ({{lang-sa|<small>संभोग</small>}}) अपना [[मनुष्य में सेक्स संबंधी क्रिया|ब्यापक अरथ]] में नर आ मादा के बीच कामुक (सेक्सुसल) आनंद आ [[मजा]] खाती कइल जाए वाला सगरी काम के कहल जाला जेह में, चुंबन, स्पर्श, कामुक तरीका से ताकल, अकवारी मे भरल वगैरह सगरी क्रिया सामिल कइल जाला जबकि, खास छोट अरथ में, ई मर्द द्वारा औरत के [[जञनी]] में आपन [[शिशन]] प्रवेश कराके धक्का देवे के क्रिया हवे जेकरा शारीरिक आ मानसिक मजा आ आनंद खाती, लइका जनमावे ला, चाहे फिन दुनों मकसद से कइल जाला। एकरा के अंग्रेजी में ''सेक्सुअल इंटरकोर्स'' भा संस्कृत में ''मैथुन'' कहल जाला। ऊपर बतावल आम तरीका के जञनी संबंधी सेक्स कहल जाला; एकरे अलावा पाछे से मलदुआर में लिंग घुसा के ([[गुदा मैथुन]]), मुँह में घुसा के ([[मुख मैथुन]]), अँगुरी से, या कौनों अन्य चीज (जइसे कि डिलडो घुसा के) से कइल सेक्स ([[हस्तमैथुन ]]) भी सामिल बा। एह क्रिया में शारीरिक जुड़ाव महसूस कइल जाला आ ई खाली शारीरिक सुख खाती, मानसिक संतुष्टी खाती कइल जा सके ला या फिर सेक्स से दू लोग में आपसी भावनात्मक लगाव भी बढ़ सके ला। ==यौनासन == <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Édouard-Henri_Avril_(13).jpg|मिशनरी मुद्रा में यौन संबंध, एडौर्ड-हेनरी एवरिल द्वारा बनाया गया चित्र File:Paul Avril - Les Sonnetts Luxurieux (1892) de Pietro Aretino, 2.jpg|मिशनरी मुद्रा में यौन संबंध का चित्र, एडौर्ड-हेनरी एवरिल द्वारा (1892) File:Kamasutra 106.jpg|भारत के मध्य प्रदेश में खजुराहो मंदिर की कामसूत्र मूर्तिकला File:Kamasutra5.jpg|पुरुष और महिला के बीच यौन संबंध, वात्स्यायन के कामसूत्र में बताई गई एक मुद्रा File:Édouard-Henri Avril (18).jpg|एडौर्ड-हेनरी एवरिल द्वारा रोमन सम्राट हैड्रियन और एंटिनस के गुदा मैथुन का कामुक चित्र File:Édouard-Henri Avril (14).jpg|एडौर्ड-हेनरी एवरिल के चित्र में महिला ऊपर File:Sexual scene on pompeian mural.jpg|पोम्पेई के भित्तिचित्र में मुख मैथुन का दृश्य File:Anal Intercourse Artwork.jpg|19वीं शताब्दी का एक चित्र, जिसमें गुदा मैथुन दिखाया गया है File:Carracci Jupiter et Junon.jpg|दो लोगों के बीच यौन संबंध का एक चित्र File:Wiki-sitting-sp.png|बैठकर यौन संबंध में जुड़ा जोड़ा File:Indiaerotic.jpg|18वीं शताब्दी के आसपास भारत में बना एक कामुक चित्र File:SungaLoveScene.jpg|शुंग साम्राज्य की एक मूर्तिकला File:Wiki-missionary.png|मिशनरी मुद्रा का रेखाचित्र File:Wiki-spoons-sp.png|पीछे से यौन संबंध की मुद्रा File:Wiki-cowgirl.png|साथी के ऊपर बैठकर File:053- Anonym, c.1855.jpg|1855 के आसपास का एक अनाम चित्र File:Couple_standing_in_shallow_water_by_Terasaki_Kogyo.jpg|तेरासाकी कोग्यो द्वारा बनाया गया पानी में खड़े जोड़े का चित्र File:Martin van Maele 08.jpg|मार्टिन वैन मेले का चित्र File:Standing sex from behind.PNG|पीछे से खड़े होकर यौन संबंध की मुद्रा File:055- Anonym, c.1855.jpg|1855 के आसपास का एक अन्य अनाम चित्र File:Two men in unusual mutual oral sex position.jpg|दो पुरुषों के बीच मुख मैथुन की एक असामान्य मुद्रा </gallery> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[सेक्स पोजीशन]] * [[मिशनरी पोजीशन]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:सेक्स| ]] [[श्रेणी:मानव कामुकता]] {{sex-stub}} a7eleq5dkrkq9385fsapf0lgolqey1b 0 55392 814026 763133 2026-11-06T13:04:41Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = श्रीदेवी कपूर | image = Sridevi.jpg | caption = 2013 में श्रीदेवी, तनिष्क के परचार करत | birth_name = श्री अम्मा यांगर अय्यपन | birth_date = 13 अगस्त 1963 | birth_place = शिवकाशी, मद्रास स्टेट, भारत | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|2|24|1963|08|13}} | death_place = [[दुबई]], यूनाइटेड अरब अमीरत | death_cause = हार्ट फेल | residence = | occupation = ऐक्ट्रेस, प्रोड्यूसर | spouse = | children = 2 | relatives = | awards = पद्म श्री (2013) | years_active = 1967–1997, 2012–2018 }} '''श्रीदेवी कपूर''' (जनमनाँव '''श्री अम्मा यांगर अय्यपन'''; 13 अगस्त 1963 – 24 फरवरी 2018) भारतीय सिनेमा के एगो ऐक्ट्रेस रहली। आप कैरियर के सुरुआत तमिल सिनेमा से करे वाली श्रीदेवी, बाद में तेलुगु, मलयालम आ हिंदी सिनेमा में काम कइली; सभसे ढेर परसिद्धि इनके हिंदी सिनेमा (बॉलीवुड) में इनके ऐक्ट्रेस के रूप में काम के मिलल। बाद में ई कई गो फिलिम भी प्रोड्यूस कइली। श्रीदेवी के हिंदी सिनेमा के पहिली औरत "सुपरस्टार" के रूप में पर्सिद्धी मिलल। इनके कुल छह गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड मिलल। 90 के दशक में ई सभसे ढेर रकम फीस के रूप में लेवे वाली हिरोइन रहली आ ओह जमाना में सभसे परसिद्ध फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस भी रहली। भारत सरकार द्वारा इनके काम खाती पद्मश्री अवार्ड दिहल गइल।<ref>{{cite news|title=Sridevi receives Padma Shri award|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sridevi-receives-Padma-Shri-award/articleshow/19412606.cms|accessdate=2 अक्टूबर 2015|publisher=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया|date=6 April 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sridevi-receives-Padma-Shri-award/articleshow/19412606.cms|archivedate=11 January 2016}}</ref> 24 फरवरी के, दुबई में हार्ट फेल (कार्डियक अरेस्ट) से इनके निधन भ गइल।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.huffingtonpost.in/amp/2018/02/24/breaking-sridevi-dies-at-55_a_23370162/ |title=Breaking: Sridevi Dies At 54 |work=Huffington Post Ibdia |date=2012-09-14 |accessdate=2018-02-25 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-dead-5076965/lite/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-02-24 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224230833/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-dead-5076965/lite/ |archivedate=24 February 2018 }}</ref> {{clear}} == मुख्य-मुख्य फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट == {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! बरिस !! फिलिम !! रोल !! टिप्पणी |- |2007 || |हल्ला बोल || || |- |2004 || मेरी बीवी का जवाब नहीं || दुर्गा || |- |1999 || देवरागम || || तेलुगु फ़िल्म |- |1997 || जुदाई || || |- |1997 || कौन सच्चा कौन झूठा|| सपना माथुर || |- |1996 || आर्मी || गीता || |- |1996 || मिस्टर बेचारा || || |- |1996 || ग्रेट रॉबरी || रवीना || |- |1994 || चाँद का टुकड़ा || || |- |1994 || गोपीकल्याना || || तेलुगु फ़िल्म |- |1987 || मिस्टर इण्डिया || || |- |} ===अन्य फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट === * जैसे को तैसा (1973) * जूली (1975) * सोलहवां साल (1978) * हिम्मतवाला (1983) * ''जस्टिस चौधरी'' (1983) * ''जानी दोस्त'' (1983) * ''कलाकार'' (1983) * ''सदमा'' (1983) * ''अक्लमंद'' (1984) * ''इन्कलाब'' (1984) * ''जाग उठा इंसान'' (1984) * ''नया कदम'' (1984) * ''मकसद'' (1984) * ''तोहफा'' (1984) * ''बलिदान'' (1985) * ''मास्टर जी'' (1985) * ''सरफ़रोश'' (1985) * ''आखिरी रास्ता'' (1986) * ''भगवान दादा'' (1986) * ''धर्म अधिकारी'' (1986) * ''घर संसार'' (1986) * ''नगीना'' (1986) * ''कर्मा'' (1986) * ''सुहागन'' (1986) * ''सल्तनत'' (1986) * ''औलाद'' (1987) * ''हिम्मत और मेहनत'' (1987) * ''नज़राना'' (1987) * ''मजाल'' (1987) * ''जोशीले'' (1987) * ''जवाब हम देंगे'' (1987) * ''मिस्टर इंडिया'' (1987) * ''शेरनी'' (1988) * ''राम अवतार'' (1988) * ''वक़्त की आवाज़'' (1988) * ''सोने पे सुहागा'' (1988) * ''चालबाज़'' (1989) * ''चांदनी'' (1989) * ''गुरु'' (1989) * ''गैर कानूनी'' (1989) * ''निगाहें'' (1989) * ''बंजारन'' (1991) * ''फ़रिश्ते'' (1991) * ''पत्थर के इंसान'' (1991) * लम्हे (1991) * ''खुदा गवाह'' (1992) * ''हीर राँझा'' (1992) * चन्द्रमुखी (1993) * ''गुमराह'' (1993) * ''गुरुदेव'' (1993) * ''रूप की रानी चोरों का राजा'' (1993) * ''चाँद का टुकड़ा'' (1994) * ''लाडला'' (1994) * ''आर्मी'' (1996) * ''मि. बेचारा'' (1996) * ''कौन सच्चा कौन झूठा'' (1997) * ''जुदाई'' (1997) * ''मि. इंडिया 2 (2007) ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी फिलिम ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:1963 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2018 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु के लोग]] {{actor-stub}} 27tmvte0tfs401emvcdyviuztyd2o1b 0 55562 813877 758121 2026-11-06T12:53:16Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विलियम कूपर | birth_name = William Cowper | image = William Cowper by Lemuel Francis Abbott.jpg | image_size = | caption = कूपर<ref>{{Citation | first = Lemuel Francis | last = Abbott | type = portrait | title = Cowper | author-link = Lemuel Francis Abbott | year = 1792}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1731|11|26}} | birth_place = बर्कहैमस्टेड, हार्टफोर्डशायर, [[इंग्लैंड]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1800|4|25|1731|11|26|df=yes}} | death_place = ईस्ट डरहम, नॉरफ्लॉक, इंग्लैंड | education = वेस्टमिन्स्टर स्कूल | occupation = [[कवि]] | parents =}} '''विलियम कूपर''' ([[अंग्रेजी]]: William Cowper; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|uː|p|ər}} {{respell|KOO|pər}}; 26 नवंबर 1731&nbsp;– 25 अप्रैल 1800){{Efn | Date of birth is given in New Style (Gregorian calendar). Old Style date is 15 November 1731.{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Calendar |volume=4}}}} एगो अंगरेज कवी रहलें। अपना समय के ई सभसे ढेर पापुलर कवी रहलें आ रोमांटिक कबिता के सुरुआती दौर के अगुआ लोग में गिनल जालें। कूपर अठारहवीं सदी के जमाना के प्रकृति आधारित कबितई के दिशा बदल दिहलें आ रोज के जिनगी के ऊपर आ इंग्लैंड के देहाती जिनगी के ऊपर कबिता लिखलें। कई प्रकार से, ई रोमांटिक कबिता के अगुआ लोग में से एक रहलें। कूलरिज इनका के "दि बेस्ट मॉडर्न पोएट" कहलें, विलियम वर्डस्वर्थ इनके कबिता सभ में से ''यार्डली-ओक'' के खास तारीफी कइलें।<ref name="poetsgraves.co.uk">http://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/cowper.htm</ref> ई कवी जूडिथ मैडन के भतीजा रहलें। एक समय में, 1763–65 के बीच, कूपर के पागलपन खाती भर्ती करावे के परल, एकरे बाद ऊ एकदम से इवेंजिकल ईसाई धर्म में लीन भ गइलें आ ईहे उनके गीत सभ खाती प्रेरणा के काम कइलस। ठीक होखे के बादो, संदेह नियर मानसिक बेमारी से ग्रस्त रहलें आ कहल जाला कि 1773 में एगो सपना देखे के बाद, धार्मिक बेहवार में बूड़ गइलें। फिर ठीक होखे पर, फिन से कबिता लिखलें आ अबकी बेर ई कबिता सभ अउरी ढेर धार्मिक रहली स। इनके धार्मिक भावना आ जॉन न्यूटन के साथे इनके मेलजोल (जे ''"अम्मेजिंग ग्रेस"'' गीत लिखलें) इनके ज्यादातर कबिता के स्रोत बनल जेकरे खाती इनके सभसे ढेर जानल-मानल जाला। एही क्रम में ई ''ओल्नी हीम्स'' सिरीज लिखलें। इनके कबिता ''लाइट शाइनिंग आउट ऑफ डार्कनेस'' में अंग्रेजी भाषा के नया बाक्य मिलल: ''"गॉड मूव्ज इन अ मिस्टीरियस वे/हिस वंडर्स टु पर्फोम"''। {{clear}} ==नोट== <references group="नोट"/> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{commons category|William Cowper|विलियम कूपर}} * {{DNB|prescript=|wstitle = Cowper, William (1731-1800)|ref=none}} * [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/authors/pers00269.shtml William Cowper] at the [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/ Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)] * {{Gutenberg author | id=Cowper,+William }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=William Cowper}} * {{Librivox author |id=2023}} * [http://www.mkheritage.co.uk/cnm/ Cowper and Newton Museum] {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेज कवि]] [[श्रेणी:18वीं-सदी के अंगरेज कवि]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी-भाषा के कवि]] {{poet-stub}} 87wyxvnancfzyifygcu3umtc0brnpzj 0 55567 813734 788247 2026-11-06T12:07:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = विलियम वर्ड्स्वर्थ | birth_name = William Wordsworth | image = Wordsworth on Helvellyn by Benjamin Robert Haydon.jpg | caption = <small>''विलियम वर्ड्स्वर्थ के पोर्ट्रेट''<br>बी. आर. हैडेन के बनावल(नेशनल पोर्ट्रेट गैलरी, लंदन)</small> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1770|04|07}} | birth_place = कॉकरमाउथ, [[कंबरलैंड]], इंग्लैंड | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1850|04|23|1770|04|07}} | death_place = राइडल, कंबरलैंड, इंग्लैंड | occupation = [[कवि]] | movement = रोमांटिक कबिता | alma_mater = सेंट जॉन्स कॉलेज, कैंब्रिज | genre = | notableworks = ''लिरिकल बैलड्स'', ''पोएम्स, इन टू वोल्यूम्स'', ''दि एक्सकर्सन'', ''दि प्रील्यूड'', ''[[आइ वांडर्ड एज अ लोनली क्लाउड]]'' }} '''विलियम वर्ड्स्वर्थ''' (William Wordsworth; 7 अप्रैल 1770 — 23 अप्रैल 1850) एक ठो अंगरेज कबी रहलें। इंग्लैंड में आ अंग्रेजी साहित्य में रोमांटिक कबिता के प्रमुख कबी लोग में इनके गिनती होला आ इनहीं के साथै मिल के [[सैमुअल टेलर कूलरिज]], संजुक्त रूप से, ''लिरिकल बैलड्स'' (1798) छपववलें आ रोमांटिक जुग के सुरुआत भइल। वर्ड्स्वर्थ के मास्टरपीस रचना ''दि प्रील्यूड'' मानल जाले, ई एगो आधा-आत्मकथानुमा कबिता हवे जे इनके सुरुआती जिनगी पर आधारित हवे, जेकरा के ई कई बेर सुधरलें आ बिस्तार दिहलें। ई कबिता इनके निधन के बाद छपल आ नाँव धराइल, एकरे पहिले एकरा के आमतौर प "दि पोएम ऑफ कूलरिज" के नाँव से जानल जाय।<ref>e g Dorothy Wordsworth's ''Journal'' 26 December 1801</ref> साल 1843 से ले के 23 अप्रैल 1850 के प्लूरिसी से निधन होखे तक ले, कूलरिज ब्रिटेन के पोएट लॉरिएट रहलें।<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/OfficialRoyalposts/PoetLaureate.aspx "Poet Laureate"], The British Monarchy official website.</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|35em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{commons|William Wordsworth}} * {{Gutenberg author | id=Wordsworth,+William }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=William Wordsworth}} * {{Librivox author |id=1639}} * [http://www.online-literature.com/wordsworth Biography and Works] * [http://www.wordsworth.org.uk The Wordsworth Trust] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:वर्ड्स्वर्थ, विलियम}} [[श्रेणी:1770 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1850 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:18वीं-सदी के अंगरेज लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:19वीं-सदी के अंगरेज लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:18वीं-सदी के अंगरेज कवि]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेज कवि]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी-भाषा के कवि]] {{poet-stub}} nbsfeic148xmwibapjlaf5hma4e3apa 0 55705 813942 802608 2026-11-06T12:58:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = व्लादीमिर लेनिन<br><small>Vladimir Lenin</small> |native_name = {{small|Владимир Ленин}} |native_name_lang = ru |image = Vladimir Lenin in July 1920 by Pavel Zhukov.jpg |image_size = |office = [[List of heads of government of the Soviet Union|Chairman]] of the [[Government of the Soviet Union|Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union]] |term_start = {{Date|30 December 1922|dmy}} |term_end = {{Date|21 January 1924|dmy}} |predecessor = Position established |successor = [[Alexei Rykov]] |office2 = [[List of heads of government of Russia|Chairman]] of the [[Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR]] |term_start2 = {{Date|8 November 1917|dmy}} |term_end2 = {{Date|21 January 1924|dmy}} |predecessor2 = Position established |successor2 = [[Alexei Rykov]] |birth_date = {{birth date|1870|4|22|df=yes}} |birthname = Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov |birth_place = [[Ulyanovsk|Simbirsk]], [[Russian Empire]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1924|1|21|1870|4|22|df=yes}} |death_place = [[Gorki Leninskiye|Gorki]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] |resting_place= [[Lenin's Mausoleum]], Moscow, [[Russian Federation]] |party = {{unbulleted list |[[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] ([[Bolsheviks]]) {{font|size=95%|(1898–1912)}} |[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party]] {{font|size=95%|(1912–1924)}}}} |otherparty = [[League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class]] {{font|size=95%|(1895–1898)}} |spouse = {{marriage|[[Nadezhda Krupskaya]]|1898|1924}} |relations = {{unbulleted list |[[Aleksandr Ulyanov]] {{font|size=95%|(brother)}} |[[Anna Ulyanova]] {{font|size=95%|(sister)}} |[[Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov]] {{font|size=95%|(brother)}} |[[Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova]] {{font|size=95%|(sister)}} and three other siblings}} |education = [[Law]] |residence = |parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Ilya Ulyanov|Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov]]|[[Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova|Maria Alexandrovna Blank]]}} |alma_mater = [[Saint Petersburg State University|Saint Petersburg Imperial University]] |nationality = [[Russian Empire]] |footnotes = </center> }}'''व्लादीमिर इलिच उल्यानेव''', जिनके उपनाँव '''लेनिन''' रहल, (22 अप्रैल 1870 - 21 जनवरी 1924) एगो रूसी क्रांतिकारी, कमुनिस्ट, राजनीतिक नेता आ राजनीति के सिद्धांतकार रहलें। ई साल 1917 से 1924 तक ले सोवियत रूस आ 1922 से 1924 सोवियत यूनियन के राज्याध्यक्ष रहलें। इनके राज्य के दौरान रूस एक पार्टी वाला कम्युनिस्ट शासन के राज बन गइल रहे। अपना बिचारधारा में ई मार्क्सवादी रहलें आ खुद इनके बिचार आ सिद्धांत बाद में [[लेनिनवाद]] के नाँव से प्रसिद्ध भइल। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:रूस के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1870 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1924 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:एंटी-नेशनलिस्ट लोग]] {{bio-stub}} o7gjpze07f0fwhouimil2kjus7u6bhp 0 55786 814142 754383 2026-11-06T15:52:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Commune 28 mars.jpeg|thumb|230px|alt=पुरान चित्र, ढेर सारा लोग खुसी मनावत देखात बा| पेरिस कम्यून के इलेक्शन के खुसी मनावत जनता, 28 मार्च 1871—समाजवादी बिचार सभ पर आधारित, सुरुआती दौर के स्थापना सभ में पैरिस कम्यून पहिला अपने तरह के चीज रहल।]] '''समाजवाद''' ([[अंग्रेजी]]: Socialism, ''सोशलिज्म'') में अइसन बिबिध आर्थिक-राजनितिक सिस्टम आ इनहन से जुड़ल चिंतन आ आंदोलन सभ के सामिल कइल जाला जिनहन में, सिस्टम में उत्पादन के साधन प समाज, मने की जनता के अधिकार डेमोक्रेटिक ढंग से होखे। उत्पादन के साधन प सामाजिक आ डेमोक्रेटिक नियंत्रण समाजवाद के सभसे प्रमुख लच्छन हवे। समाजवाद के बिबिध रूप आ प्रकार बाने, सगरी के एगो परिभाषा के तहत ना बतावल जा सके ला, हालाँकि, इनहना में सामाजिक नियंत्रण कुल्हनी में जरूर आवे ला। आर्थिक उत्पादन के साधन प सामाजिक नियंत्रण, मने की समाज के कंट्रोल, पब्लिक सेक्टर के द्वारा, सहकारी समीति के रूप में या फिर देस के जनता के इक्विटी में सझियाई द्वारा हो सके ला। समाजवादी अर्थव्यवस्था सभ के भी बजार-केंद्रित आ गैर-बजार केंद्रित, दू परकार में बाँटल जा सके ला। समाजवादी राजनीतिक आंदोलन के सुरुआत 17वीं-सदी के बिचला दौर में, राजनीतिक चिंतन भा दर्शन सभ के रूप में आ पूँजीवाद के खामी आ समस्या सभ प चिंता के रूप में भइल। [[कार्ल मार्क्स]] आ एंगेल्स के दर्शन के उदभव के बाद ई प्रमुख राजनीतिक बिचारधारा आ पूँजीवाद के बिरोध के रूप में आ पूँजीवादी अर्थब्यवस्था के बाद के अर्थब्यवस्था (पोस्ट-कैपिटलिस्ट इकोनॉमी) के स्थापना के बात के रूप में 19वीं-सदी के आखिरी दौर में स्थापित भइल। बीसवीं सदी में, समाजवाद एगो आर्थिक मॉडल, सेकुलर राजनीतिक चिंतन आ बिस्व-दृष्टि (वल्ड व्यू), बिचारधारा आ आंदोलन के रूप में एगो प्रमुख चीज बन गइल। सोवियत यूनियन, पहिला समाजवादी राज्य के रूप में स्थापित भइल। समाजवादी चिंतन आ बिचारधारा के रूप में समाजवाद कई देसन में आपन ब्यापक परभाव छोड़लस। वर्तमान में भी, समाजवादी चिंतन आ समाजवादी दल सभ दुनिया के हर महादीप में परभावशाली भूमिका में बाड़ें आ कई जगह सत्ता में भी बाने। वर्तमान में, कई समाजवादी दल आ चिंतक लोग अउरी अन्य जुड़ल मुद्दा सभ के भी अपना बिचार आ आंदोलन में सामिल करे ला जइसे कि नारीवाद, [[पर्यावरणवाद]] आ उदारवाद नियर चीज। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} {{Political ideologies}} [[श्रेणी:समाजवाद| ]] [[श्रेणी:आर्थिक सिस्टम]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीतिक आंदोलन]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीतिक बिचारधारा]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीतिक शब्दावली]] {{poli-stub}} {{econ-stub}} 0fys2yzv1husd6wkb2rls059wvwbfju 0 56821 813866 785733 2026-11-06T12:52:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विन डीजल | image = Vin Diesel by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg | caption = जुलाई 2013 में विन डीजल | birth_name = मार्क सिन्क्लेयर<!--- "Mark Sinclair" is correct; "Vincent" is his stepfather's surname ---> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|7|18}} | birth_place = अल्मीडा काउंटी, कैलिफोर्निया, अमेरिका <!--- He was born in Alameda County, California, where his mother was also born. He later moved to New York. ---> | occupation = [[एक्टर]], प्रोड्यूसर, कथानक लेखक, निर्देशक | years_active = 1975–अबतक | notable_works = | net_worth = | partner = पैल्मोआ जिमेन्ज (2007–अबतक) | children = 3 | website = {{URL|http://www.vindiesel.com}} }} '''मार्क सिन्क्लेयर''' ({{Lang|en|Mark Sinclair}}<ref name=cabirthrec1>[http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/mark_sinclair_born_1967_10041527 Mark Sinclair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729053830/https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/mark_sinclair_born_1967_10041527 |date=2017-07-29 }} birth record, California Birth Index. Retrieved on March 29, 2015. Some sources give birth name as Mark Sinclair Vincent, which is at odds with the official California state birth record.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/leisure/showbiz/10851668.Diesel_breaks_silence_over_Walker/ | publisher=Press Association via The Press (Christchurch, New Zealand)| title=Diesel breaks silence over Walker| date= 3 दिसंबर 2013| accessdate=21 मार्च 2015| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102309/http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/leisure/showbiz/10851668.Diesel_breaks_silence_over_Walker/| archivedate=6 अक्टूबर 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>; जनम 18 जुलाई 1967), जिनके '''विन डीज़ल''' के नाँव से ढेर जानल जाला, एगो अमेरिकी एक्टर, निर्देशक, फिलिम प्रोड्यूसर आ फिलिम कथाकार बाड़ें। इनके खास परसिद्धि, फिलिम ''फास्ट एंड फ्यूरियस'' में डॉमिनिक टोरेटो के रोल खाती आ ''[[ट्रिपल एक्स सीरीज]]'' में जैन्डर केज के रोल खाती बा। ''वन रेस फिल्म्स'' नाँव के, विन डीजल के आपन प्रोडक्शन कंपनी भी बा आ एह कंपनी के हिस्सेदारी ऊपर बतावल फिलिम सिरीज सभ के प्रोडक्शन में बा। डीजल ''[[दि पैसिफायर]]'' (2005) आ ''[[फाइंड मी गिल्टी]]'' (2006) नियर फिलिम सभ में भी काम कइलेन। आवाज-कलाकार के रूप में इनके आवाज ''[[दि आयरन जायंट]]'' (1999) में सामिल बा, ''क्रॉनिकल्स ऑफ दि रिडिक'' फ्रेंचाइज के वीडियो स्पिनऑफ में भी इनके आवाज बा, आ ''[[गार्जियंस ऑफ दि गैलेक्सी (फिलिम)|गार्जियंस ऑफ दि गैलेक्सी]]'' (2014) आ [[गार्जियंस ऑफ दि गैलेक्सी भाग 2|एकर 2017 सीक्वल]] में भी बा। डीजल, ''मल्टी-फेसियल'' नाँव के छोट-फिलिम में एक्टिंग भी कइलें आ कहानी लेखन, डाइरेक्ट करे के काम भी कइलें। पूरा फीचर-लेंथ के ड्रामा ''[[स्ट्रेज (फिलिम)|स्ट्रे'ज]]'' में भी इनके एक्टिंग, लेखन आ डाइरेक्शन तीनों काम रहल। डीजल ''वन रेस फिल्म्स'', ''रेस ट्रेक रेकार्ड्स'' आ ''टाईगन स्टूडियोज'' नियर प्रोडक्शन कंपनी सभ के संस्थापक बाड़ें। == जिनगी == डीजल के जनमनाँव मार्क सिन्क्लेयर हवे आ इनके जनम अल्मीडा काउंटी, कैलिफोर्निया में भइल<!--- He was born in Alameda County, California, where his mother was also born. He later moved to New York. ---><ref name=cabirthrec1/> आ ई आ इनके भाई पॉल दुनों जन जोड़ुआ हवे लोग।<ref name=pulsnclair1>[http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/paul_sinclair_born_1967_10041532 Paul Sinclair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024140156/http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/paul_sinclair_born_1967_10041532 |date=2021-10-24 }} birth record at California Birth Index. Retrieved on March 29, 2015.</ref><ref name="filmr">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/3/Vin-Diesel.html |title=Vin Diesel Biography (1967–) |publisher=Filmreference.com |accessdate=सितंबर 8, 2010}}</ref> इनके महतारी डेलोरा शेर्लीन (सिन्क्लेयर) एगो ज्योतिषी हई।<ref>{{cite news |title=Vin Diesel: From nightclub bouncer to action hero |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Movies/08/12/people.cel.diesel/index.html |date=अगस्त 12, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vincent, Irving H|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2509918312/vincent-irving-h.html|work=encyclopedia.com|accessdate=जून 29, 2013}}</ref> डीजल के कहनाम बा की "उनके [[नृजातीय समूह|जातीयता]] मिलजुल किसिम के बा"।<ref name="ref3">{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Mal|title='The Fast and the Furious' Vin Diesel Opens the Throttle in New Speed Movie and Joins an Elite 'Action-Star' Fraternity|work=[[The Virginian-Pilot]]|location=Norfolk, Virginia|date=जून 22, 2001|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ECE0CA9279A8D03&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=मार्च 2, 2008|archive-date=2011-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609122048/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ECE0CA9279A8D03&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}</ref> इनके महतारी के पुरखा लोग अंगरेज, जर्मन आ स्कॉट हऽ।<ref>{{cite news|title=VinDiesel explains why Glasgow was perfect to shoot Fast 6 |url=http://entertainment.stv.tv/film/225437-vin-diesel-explains-why-glasgow-was-perfect-to-shoot-fast-furious-6/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618152711/http://entertainment.stv.tv/film/225437-vin-diesel-explains-why-glasgow-was-perfect-to-shoot-fast-furious-6/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=जून 18, 2013 |date=मई 15, 2013 |accessdate=29 जून 2013 |df= }}</ref> डीजल अपना जैविक पिता से कभो ना मिलल हवें आ उनके कहनाँव की "हम अपना महतारी से इहे जनलीं कि हमार संबंध कई संस्कृति सभ से बा"।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0nsTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA210|chapter=From blaxploitation to mixploitation: Male leads and changing mixed race identities|first=Gregory T.|last=Carter|year=2008|title=Mixed Race Hollywood|editor1-first=Mary|editor1-last=Beltrán|editor2-first=Camilla|editor2-last=Fojas|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=0814799892|page=210}}</ref> डीजल अपना के "निश्चित रूप से रंग वाला (यानी गोरा)" कहे लें,<ref name="jam2">"definitely a person of color"-{{cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/D/Diesel_Vin/2000/02/17/757953.html |title=Diesel is running hot |publisher=Jam.canoe.ca |date=February 17, 2000 |accessdate=सितंबर 8, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206180934/http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/D/Diesel_Vin/2000/02/17/757953.html |archivedate=दिसंबर 6, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> आ इहो बतावे लें कि उनके महतारी बाप के संबंध अमेरिका के कई इलाका में बहुबियाह वाला क़ानून के कारण अबैध रहल होखित।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?id=9219769|title=Vin Diesel receives star on Hollywood Walk of Fame|publisher=[[KABC-TV]]|date=अगस्त 26, 2013|author=Chu, Hanna|accessdate=दिसंबर 6, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212023134/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?id=9219769|url-status=dead}}</ref> कौकेशियाई महतारी आ एफ्रो-अमेरिकी बाबूजी इरविंग एच विन्सेंट, जे एक्टिंग इंस्ट्रक्टर (एक्टिंग सिखावे वाला) आ थियेटर मैनेजर हवें, द्वारा इनकर लालन-पालन न्यू यॉर्क में भइल।<ref name="filmr"/><ref name="jam2"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Pearlman|first=Cindy|title=Fame game stumps Diesel|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F55D489DD7CCF36&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=August 9, 2002|accessdate=जून 29, 2013|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729062500/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F55D489DD7CCF36&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}</ref> == पेसा == [[चित्र:VinDieselMarch09.jpg|thumb|right|विन डीजल के एगो छबी]] विन डीजल के पहीलका पात्र 1990 मे आइल अवाकेनिंग फिलिम मे रहे। 1994 मे ई एगो मल्टी फेशियल नांव के छोट चलचित्र लिखलन आ बनवलन, जे कैनेस फेस्टिवल मे देखावल गइल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Vin Diesel}} * {{official website|http://www.vindiesel.com/}} * {{IMDb name|0004874}} * [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?id=vindiesel.htm Vin Diesel] on [[Box Office Mojo]] * [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/vin_diesel/ Vin Diesel] on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * {{dmoz|Arts/People/D/Diesel,_Vin/}} <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ======================= {{No more links}} =============================--> {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:21वीं-सदी के अमेरिकी एक्टर]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1967 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} o9x82c8seu3gq2v2bdwfeda1pqr5x92 0 57132 814216 790960 2026-11-06T15:59:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सावित्रीबाई फुले | image = Sadhvi Savitri Phule.JPG | caption = सावित्रीबाई फुले के मुर्ती | birth_date = {{Birth date|1831|1|3|df=yes}} | birth_place = नैगाँव, [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] (अब महाराष्ट्र के सतारा जिला में) | nationality = भारतीय | death_date = {{Death date and age|1897|3|10|1831|1|3|df=yes}} | death_place = [[पुणे]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] | death_cause = प्लेग | spouse = [[ज्योतिराव फुले]] }} '''सावित्रीबाई ज्योतिराव फुले''' (3 जनवरी 1831 – 10 मार्च 1897) एगो भारतीय सामाजिक सुधारकरता आ कवी रहली; अपना मरद [[ज्योतिराव फुले]] के साथ मिल में ई तत्कालीन [[ब्रिटिश राज|ब्रिटिश भारत]] में औरतन के अधिकार बेहतर बनावे आ शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में काम करे खाती बिसेस अस्थान रखे लीं।<ref name="Birth Anniversary ">{{cite web | url=http://pd.cpim.org/2014/0112_pd/01122014_mariam.html | title=AIDWA Observes Savitribai Phule Birth Anniversary | accessdate=3 मार्च 2014 | author=Mariam Dhawale}}</ref> फुले, अपना मरद के संगे मिल के 1848 में भिड़े वाड़ा, [[पुणे]] में पहिला बालिका स्कूल के स्थापना कईलीं, जवना के भारतीय जातीय मूल क लोग चलावत रहे।{{efn|The American missionary Cynthia Farrar had started a Girls school in Bombay in 1829. In 1847,the Students' literary and scientific society started the Kamalabai High school for girls in the Girgaon neighborhood of Mumbai. The school is still operational in 2016. Peary Charan Sarkar started a school for girls called Kalikrishna Girls' High School in the Bengal Presidency of Barasat in 1847. The Parsi community Mumbai had also established a school for girls in 1847)}} फुले, लिंग आ जाति के आधार प भेदभाव के खतम करे खाती काम कइली आ ई महाराष्ट्र में सामाजिक सुधार करे वाला लोग में प्रमुख ब्यक्तित्व के रूप में गिनल जाली। {{clear}} == संदर्भ== '''नोट''' {{notelist}} '''हवाला''' {{reflist|33em}} ==अउरी पढ़े लायक== *{{cite book |chapter=Educating Women – How and How Much: Women in the Context of Tilak's Swaraj |first=Parimala V. |last=Rao |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-8-12502-192-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC&lpg=PA238}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|Savitribai Phule}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Savitribai Phule}} * [http://naukridaily.com/savitribai-phule/ Savitribai Phule, First Women Teacher in India] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:फुले, सावित्रीबाई}} [[श्रेणी:1831 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1897 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के जिला]] motpzijtj3nucvsgqfxzun9rxrlejic 0 57148 813941 797781 2026-11-06T12:58:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = व्लादिमीर पुतिन<br>{{small|Vladimir Putin (Владимир Путин)}} | image = Владимир Путин (20-06-2021) (cropped).jpg | image_size = | signature = Putin signature.svg | office = रूस के 2<small>सरा</small> आ 4<small>था</small> राष्ट्रपति | term_start = 7 मई 2012 | term_end = | predecessor = दिमित्री मेद्वेदेव | successor = | primeminister = विक्टर जुबकोव {{small|(कार्यबाहक)}}<br>[[दिमित्री मेद्वेदेव]] | term_start1 = 7 मई 2000 | term_end1 = 7 मई 2008<br>{{small|कार्यबाहक राष्ट्रपति: 31 दिसंबर 1999 – 7 मई 2000}} | predecessor1 = बोरिस येल्तसिन | successor1 = [[दिमित्री मेद्वेदेव]] | primeminister1 = मिखाइल कास्यानोव<br>विक्टर ख्रिस्तेंकोव {{small|(कार्यबाहक)}}<br>मिखाइल फ्रादकोव<br>विक्टर जुबकोव | office2 = 33वाँ आ 37वाँ परधानमंत्री | term_start2 = 8 मई 2008 | term_end2 = 7 मई 2012 | predecessor2 = विक्टर जुबकोव | successor2 = [[दिमित्री मेद्वेदेव]] | president2 = [[दिमित्री मेद्वेदेव]] | office3 = अन्य पद | 1blankname3 = | 1namedata3 = पहिला डिप्टी, आल रसिया पीपल फ्रंट के नेता<br>युनियन स्टेट के मंत्रिमंडल के चेयरमैन<br>यूनाइटेड रूस के नेता<br>रूस के पहिला उपपरधानमंत्री<br>सिक्योरिटी काउंसिल के सेक्रेटरी<br>फेडरल सिक्योरिटी सर्विसेज के डाइरेक्टर | party = आल रसिया पीपल्स फ्रंट {{small|(2011–अबतक)}} | otherparty = कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी {{small|(1975–91)}}<br>आवर-होम रसिया {{small|(1995–99)}}<br>यूनिटी {{small|(1999–2001)}}<br>निर्दल <small>(1991–95; 2001–08; 2012–वर्तमान)</small><br>यूनाइटेड रसिया <small>(2008–2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9223621/Vladimir-Putin-quits-as-head-of-Russias-ruling-party.html|title=Vladimir Putin quits as head of Russia's ruling party|date=24 April 2012|via=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>)</small> | birth_name = व्लादीमिर व्लादीमिरविच पुतिन | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1952|10|7}} | birth_place = [[सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग|लेनिनग्राद]], रूसी एसएफएसआर, [[सोवियत यूनियन]]<br>{{small|(अब सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग, रूस)}} | nationality = रूसी | spouse = {{Marriage|ल्युदमिला पुतिना|28 जुलाई 1983|2014|reason=तलाक}} | children = 2 | residence = नोवो ओगार्योवो, मास्को, रूस | alma_mater = लेनिनग्राद विश्वविद्यालय | website = {{Official website|http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/}} | allegiance = {{Flag|Soviet Union|size=23px}} | branch = केजीबी | serviceyears = 1975–1991 | rank = [[File:CCCP air-force Rank podpolkovnik infobox.svg|25px]] लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल | awards = [[File:Orden of Honour.png|23px|border|alt=Order of Honor of the Russian Federation]] ''ऑर्डर ऑफ दि आनर'' }} '''व्लादिमीर पुतिन''' ({{lang-rus|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин|p=vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn|a=Ru-Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin.ogg}}; जनम 7 अक्टूबर 1952) [[रूस]] के राजनीतिक नेता आ 7 मई 2012 से वर्तमान राष्ट्रपति बाड़ें; एह पद प ई एकरे पहिले भी 2000 से 2008 ले रहलें।<ref name=kremlinbio>{{cite web|title=Kremlin Biography of President Vladimir Putin|url=http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru|accessdate=18 अक्टूबर 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.european-leaders.com/vladimir-putin/ |title=Vladimir Putin – President of Russia |date=22 मार्च 2017 |website=European-Leaders.com |accessdate=22 मार्च 2017 |archive-date=2019-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419212554/http://www.european-leaders.com/vladimir-putin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=biocom>{{cite web|title=President Vladimir Putin on Biography.com |url=http://www.biography.com/people/vladimir-putin-9448807# |accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref> राष्ट्रपति के अलावा पुतिन रूस के परधानमंत्री के पद प भी एक बेर 1999 से 2000 ले आ दुसरा बेर 2008 से 2012 ले रहल बाड़ें। == सुरुआती जिनगी == पुतिन के जनम 7 अक्टूबर 1952 के सोवियत यूनियन के रूसी एसएफएसआर के लेनिनग्राद शहर में भइल (जेकरा के अब सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग के नाँव से जानल जाला)। इनके बाबूजी के नाँव व्लादिमिर स्पिरिदोनोविच पुतिन आ महतारी के नाँव मारिया इवानोवा पुतिन (बियाह से पहिले शेलोमोवा) रहल। इनके बाबा स्पिरिदोन पुतिन व्लादिमीर लेनिन आ जोसेफ़ स्टालिन के निजी रसोइया रहलें। पुतिन के जनम तिसरहा लइका के रूप में भइल जबकि इनके बड़ भाई विक्टर के निधन शिशु अवस्था में भ गइल रहल आ अलबर्ट के निधन बालपन में डिप्थीरिया से भ गइल रहे जवना समय दुसरे बिस्व जुद्ध में नाजी [[जर्मनी|जर्मन]]ी द्वारा लेनिनग्राद के घेराबंदी भइल रहे। पुतिन के महतारी कारखाना में काम करे वाली औरत रहली आ इनके बाबूजी सोवियत नेवी में काम करें जहाँ 1930 के दशक के सुरुआत में ऊ पनडुब्बी बेड़ा के हिस्सा रहलें। दुसरे बिस्व जुद्ध के सुरुआती दौर में ऊ एनकेवीडी नाँव के बिध्वंसक बटालियन के हिस्सा रहलें। बाद में उनके रेगुलर आर्मी में ट्रांसफर हो गइल आ 1942 में उनके गम्हीर चोट आइल। एही दौरान 1941 में पुतिन के नानी के तवेर क्षेत्र के जर्मन कब्ज़ा के दौरान निधन भ गइल आ इनके मामा लोग दुसरे बिस्व जुद्ध में पूरबी मोर्चा पर चल रहल लड़ाई में गायब हो गइल लोग। 1 सितंबर 1960 में पुतिन के पढ़ाई घर के नगीचहीं बास्कोव लेन के 193 नं. इस्कूल में शुरू भइल। पुतिन इस्कूल के कुछे अइसन लगभग 45 गो बिद्यार्थी लोगन में से एक रहलें जे यंग पायोनियर ग्रुप के हिस्सा ना रहल लोग। 12 बरिस के उमिर में पुतिन मार्शल आर्ट के साम्बो आ जूडो सीखे के सुरुआत कइलें। अपना खाली समय में ऊ कार्ल मार्क्स, फ्रेडरिक एंगेल्स आ लेनिन के साहित्य पढ़ें। पुतिन सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग के हाई इस्कूल 281 में जर्मन भाषा पढ़लें आ दुसरी भाषा के रूप में जर्मन भाषी बन गइलें। लेनिनग्राद स्टेट यूनिवर्सिटी (अब सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग स्टेट यूनिवर्सिटी) से पुतिन कानून के पढ़ाई कइलें आ 1975 में इहाँ से ग्रेजुएट भइलें। एहीजे ऊ सोवियत यूनियन कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी के सदस्य बनलें आ 1991 में एकरे अंत ले एकर सदस्य बनल रहलें। एहिजे पुतिन के मुलाकात अनातोली सोबचाक से भइल जे ओह समय बिजनेस कानून के असिस्टेंट प्रोफेसर रहलें; दुनों लोगन के एक दुसरे पर परभाव पड़ल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://www.bbc.com/hindi/topics/7fd6ee44-38a3-4fe3-a40f-7b4f8f72c67f व्लादिमीर पुतिन] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128135909/http://www.bbc.com/hindi/topics/7fd6ee44-38a3-4fe3-a40f-7b4f8f72c67f |date=2018-01-28 }}, बीबीसी हिंदी पर। {{In lang|hi}} * [http://www.dw.com/hi/vladimir-putin-how-a-spy-rose-to-power-and-held-on-to-it/a-43034352 कैसे बने व्लादिमीर पुतिन इतने ताकतवर?], रेडियो डायेचविले, जर्मनी। {{In lang|hi}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1952 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:रूस के लोग]] {{bio-stub}} kbw6g8dmf9l3pitt6f0nej79slpeicq 0 57176 814284 735491 2026-11-06T20:15:21Z SM7 3953 SM7 पन्ना [[हॉलीवुड]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] पर स्थानांतरण कइलें: पूरा नाँव पर (Full name for clarity): हॉलीवुड पर फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के लेख खाती जगह खाली कइल 735491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name=हॉलीवुड<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |official_name= |nickname=टिंसेलटाउन<ref name=Dict>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tinseltown "Tinseltown"] at Dictionary.com.</ref> |native_name= |settlement_type=लॉस एंजेलिस के क्षेत्र<!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |motto= <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline= File:Hollywood sign hill view.jpg{{!}}border |imagesize= 250px |image_caption= हॉलीवुड के चीन्हा |image_map = Map of Hollywood district, Los Angeles, California.png |map_caption = हॉलीवुड इलाका के नकशा<br>''लॉस एंजेलिस टाइम्स'' द्वारा बनावल सीमांकन |pushpin_map=United States Los Angeles Central |pushpin_label_position=right |pushpin_map_caption=सेंट्रल लॉस एंजेलिस में लोकेशन |pushpin_mapsize=250 |coordinates = {{coord|34|6|0|N|118|20|0|W|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|अमेरिका}} | subdivision_type1 = राज्य | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|कैलिफोर्निया}} |subdivision_type2 = शहर |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|लॉस एंजेलिस}} |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1660757|Hollywood|accessdate=7 जनवरी 2018}}</ref> |elevation_ft = 354 |elevation_m = 108 |area_code_type = एरिया कोड |area_code = 323 }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[कैलिफोर्निया]] राज्य के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] शहर में एगो इलाका बा। ई [[अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] खाती परसिद्ध हवे आ एहिजा कई गो इतिहासी फिलिम स्टूडियो मौजूद बाने। आम बोलचाल में "हॉलीवुड" नाँव फिलिम इंडस्ट्री भा एकरे लोग खाती इस्तेमाल होला। [[क्रिस हेम्सवर्थ]] {{clear}} ==इहो देखी== * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा]] * [[वेंस्डे (टीवी सीरीज)]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:कैलिफोर्निया]] [[श्रेणी:लॉस एंजेलिस]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के शहर]] {{NorthAm-geo-stub}} 2xhik8plpe4wy1mbp0afzexjgrj3iik 814290 814284 2026-11-07T02:14:37Z SM7 3953 सफाई कइल गइल, सुधार कइल गइल 814290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = हॉलीवुड |nickname = टिंसेलटाउन<ref name=Dict>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tinseltown "Tinseltown"] at Dictionary.com.</ref> |settlement_type = लॉस एंजेलिस के क्षेत्र<!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = File:Hollywood sign hill view.jpg{{!}}border |imagesize = 240px |image_caption = [[हॉलीवुड चीन्हा]] |image_map = Map of Hollywood district, Los Angeles, California.png |map_caption = हॉलीवुड इलाका के नकशा<br>''लॉस एंजेलिस टाइम्स'' द्वारा बनावल सीमांकन |pushpin_map = United States Los Angeles Central |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = [[सेंट्रल लॉस एंजेलिस]] में लोकेशन |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |coordinates = {{coord|34|6|0|N|118|20|0|W|display=inline}} |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{flag|अमेरिका}} |subdivision_type1 = राज्य |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|कैलिफोर्निया}} |subdivision_type2 = शहर |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|लॉस एंजेलिस}} |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1660757|Hollywood|accessdate=7 जनवरी 2018}}</ref> |elevation_ft = 354 |elevation_m = 108 |area_code_type = एरिया कोड |area_code = 323 }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[कैलिफोर्निया]] राज्य के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] शहर में एगो इलाका बा। ई [[अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] खाती परसिद्ध हवे आ एहिजा कई गो इतिहासी फिलिम स्टूडियो मौजूद बाने। आम बोलचाल में "हॉलीवुड" नाँव फिलिम इंडस्ट्री भा एकरे लोग खाती इस्तेमाल होला। {{clear}} == इहो देखी == * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा]] * [[वेंस्डे (टीवी सीरीज)]] * [[क्रिस हेम्सवर्थ]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:कैलिफोर्निया]] [[श्रेणी:लॉस एंजेलिस]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के शहर]] {{NorthAm-geo-stub}} 2avb15vpantd7zullhn6lsmi9zj9nhl 814293 814290 2026-11-07T02:24:35Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = हॉलीवुड |nickname = टिंसेलटाउन<ref name=Dict>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tinseltown "Tinseltown"] at Dictionary.com.</ref> |settlement_type = [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] के क्षेत्र<!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = File:Hollywood sign hill view.jpg{{!}}border |imagesize = 240px |image_caption = [[हॉलीवुड चीन्हा]] |image_map = Map of Hollywood district, Los Angeles, California.png |map_caption = हॉलीवुड इलाका के नकशा<br>''लॉस एंजेलिस टाइम्स'' द्वारा बनावल सीमांकन |pushpin_map = United States Los Angeles Central |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = [[सेंट्रल लॉस एंजेलिस]] में लोकेशन |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |coordinates = {{coord|34|6|0|N|118|20|0|W|display=inline}} |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{flag|अमेरिका}} |subdivision_type1 = राज्य |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|कैलिफोर्निया}} |subdivision_type2 = शहर |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|लॉस एंजेलिस}} |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1660757|Hollywood|accessdate=7 जनवरी 2018}}</ref> |elevation_ft = 354 |elevation_m = 108 |area_code_type = एरिया कोड |area_code = 323 }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[कैलिफोर्निया]] राज्य के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] शहर में एगो इलाका बा। ई [[हॉलीवुड|अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] खाती परसिद्ध हवे आ एहिजा कई गो इतिहासी [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]] मौजूद बाने। आम बोलचाल में "[[हॉलीवुड]]" नाँव फिलिम इंडस्ट्री भा एकरे लोग खाती इस्तेमाल होला। {{clear}} == इहो देखी == * [[भोजपुरी सिनेमा]] * [[वेंस्डे (टीवी सीरीज)]] * [[क्रिस हेम्सवर्थ]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:कैलिफोर्निया]] [[श्रेणी:लॉस एंजेलिस]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के शहर]] {{NorthAm-geo-stub}} hc8lcvnhke4y7hl7nf6pl0tf0mc9pfd 0 57494 814413 665123 2026-11-07T07:47:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Samuel L. Jackson SDCC 2014 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = 2014 में ''[[अवेंजर्स: एज ऑफ अल्ट्रान]]'' के परमोशन में सैमुएल जैक्शन | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|12|21}} | birth_place = [[वाशिंगटन डी.सी.]], [[अमेरिका]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma mater = मूरहाउस कॉलेज (बीए) | occupation = एक्टर, फिलिम प्रोड्यूसर | years_active = 1972–अबतक | birth_name = सैमुएल लीरॉय जैक्शन | spouse = {{marriage|लातान्या रिचार्डसन|1980}} | children = 1 | website = [http://www.samuelljackson.com/ SamuelLJackson.com] }} '''सैमुएल लीरॉय जैक्शन''' (जनम: 21 दिसंबर 1948) एगो अमेरिकी फिलिम एक्टर आ प्रोड्यूसर बाड़ें। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:1948 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:21वीं-सदी के अमेरिकी पुरुष एक्टर]] {{bio-stub}} 0hm4d5i5r0xtp1ejtm8m2d15cpgw1rg 0 57781 813934 559934 2026-11-06T12:57:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813934 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thuenen-ringe.png|thumb|230px|right|alt=आधा बृत्त में चूड़ीदार ढंग से बनल पट्टी सभ जे अलग-अलग खेती के किसिम देखावत बाड़ी|खेती के लोकेशन मॉडल; अलग-आलग पट्टी अलग किसिम के खेती देखा रहल बा जबकि बीच में बाजार सेंटर देखावल बा।]] '''वॉन थ्यूनेन मॉडल''' भा '''वॉन थ्यूनेन के खेती के लोकेशन मॉडल''' (जर्मन: Thünensche Ringe; अरथ: थ्यूनेन मुनरिका, भा थूनेंन के चूड़ीदार पट्टी) एगो सैद्धांतिक मॉडल हवे जे में [[खेती]] के पैटर्न बजार के सेंटर के चारो ओर कवना तरीका से अस्थापित होला, एकर बिस्लेषण आ बिबरन दिहल गइल बा। जर्मन बिद्वान '''अलेक्ज़ेंडर फ़ॉन थू'नेंन''' द्वारा दिहल एह सिद्धांत भा मॉडल में ई बतावल गइल बा कि बजार से दूरी, खेती के पैटर्न के परभावित करे वाला एगो प्रमुख कारण होला आ जे खेत बाजार के नगीचे होला उहाँ दुसरे किसिम के खेती होला जबकि दूर वाली जमीन पर दुसरे तरह के खेती भा भूमि-उपयोग पनपे ला। एकर कारण बाजार से दूरी के अनुपात में बदले वाली परिवहन लागत, आ एकरे कारण मिले वाला लोकेशनल लगान में होखे वाला बदलाव होला। ई मॉडल [[खेती के भूगोल]] में प्रमुखता से पढ़ल जाए वाला मॉडल हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:मानव भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:आर्थिक भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:खेती]] {{geography-stub}} a24p88sbqi0exffz9gq688z6q0x37d9 0 59026 813864 755303 2026-11-06T12:52:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox writer | birth_name = विद्यानिवास मिश्र | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|01|28|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[गोरखपुर जिला|गोरखपुर]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], भारत | death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|02|14|1928|01|28|df=yes}} | death_place = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], भारत | occupation = कवी, पत्रकार आ लेखक | language = संस्कृत, हिंदी, अंग्रेजी | nationality = भारतीय | education = एम.ए. संस्कृत | awards = पद्मभूषण <br>पद्मश्री <br>साहित्य अकादमी <br>मूर्तिदेवी सम्मान }} '''विद्यानिवास मिश्र''' (28 जनवरी 1928&nbsp;–14 फरवरी 2005) एगो भारतीय लेखक, कवी आ पत्रकार रहलें। मिश्र के जनम [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य के [[गोरखपुर जिला]] के पकड़डीहा नाँव के अस्थान पर भइल आ पढ़ाई गोरखपुर विश्वविद्यालय आ इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय में भइल। प्रसिद्ध लेखक राहुल संकृत्यायन के साथे डिक्शनरी लेखक के काम कइलेन आ बाद में इनके ललित निबंधकार के रूप में परसिद्धी मिलल। एह कड़ी में कई गो निबंध खाली शब्द सभ के परिचय करावे खातिर लिखलें जे ''हिंदी की शब्द संपदा'' के नाँव से छपल ई किताब इनके कोशकार आ निबंधकार दुनों रूप के एक साथ देखावे ले। मिश्र, कई ऊँच प्रदेश पर भी रहलें जेह में [[बनारस]] में काशी विद्यापीठ आ संपूर्णानंद संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय के वाइस चांसलर, आगरा में हिंदी विद्यापीठ के डाइरेक्टर वगैरह के पद सामिल बा। कैलिफोर्निया में विजिटिंग प्रोफेसर रहलें। लंबा समय ले नवभारत टाइम्स के संपादक भी रहलें। भारत सरकार द्वारा इनके पद्मश्री आ पद्मभूषण सम्मान दिहल गइल। साहित्य अकादमी सम्मान आ मूर्तिदेवी सम्मान भी इनके साहित्यिक काम के खातिर दिहल गइल। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखपुर जिला के लोग]] <!-- [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय के पुराछात्र]] --> <!-- [[श्रेणी:पद्मश्री सम्मानित लोग]] --> <!-- [[श्रेणी:पद्मभूषण सम्मानित लोग]] --> <!-- [[श्रेणी:साहित्य अकादमी सम्मानित लोग]] --> [[श्रेणी:1928 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2005 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय मरद निबंधकार]] {{writer-stub}} rhl6jwf0xzsmrq3v5p9i2zpulvqp4jc 0 61072 814027 584951 2026-11-06T13:04:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | period = c. 12वीं-सदी ईसवी | occupation = कवी | nationality = [[भारत के लोग|भारतीय]] | ethnicity = | education = | genre = [[संस्कृत साहित्य|संस्कृत काब्य]], [[महाकाब्य]] | subject = महाभारत के कथा | movement = | notableworks = ''[[नैषधीयचरितम्]]'' | partner = | children = | relatives = }} '''श्रीहर्ष''' (12वीं-सदी ईस्वी) [[संस्कृत भाषा]] के एगो भारतीय कवी, बिद्वान आ [[दार्शनिक]] रहलें। इनके खास परसिद्धि इनके लिखल महाकाब्य ''नैषधीयचरितम्'' के कारण हवे। कबी के अलावा ई उच्च कोटि के बिद्वान आ दार्शनिक भी रहलें आ एह क्षेत्र में भी लेखन के काम कइलेन। ई गाहड़वार बंस के राजा विजयचंद्र के दरबारी कबी रहलें आ बतावल जाला कि इनके महाकाब्य के परिसिद्धि के बाद इनका के '''''नरभारती''''' के उपाधि दिहल गइल रहे। [[भारवि]] आ [[माघ कवी]] के परंपरा में, इहो अपना काब्य के बिसय [[महाभारत]] के एगो कथा के लिहलें - नल-दमयंती के कहानी आ एकरा ऊपर महाकाब्य लिखलें। एही परंपरा के अनुयाई होखे के कारण ई अपना काब्य में कठिन आ बिद्वान लोग के चमत्कारी बुझाए वाला प्रयोग भी कइलें जेकरा के आज के बिद्वान लोग खाली बिद्वत्ता के देखावा खातिर रचल चीज माने ला। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[भारवि]] * [[माघ कवि]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत-भाषा के कवि]] {{poet-stub}} eyb75ky5mfoaa1ptjoht38jugjkks2b 0 61507 813906 782651 2026-11-06T12:55:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = The Mozart Family - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart headshot.jpg | width1 = 250 | caption1 = Mozart c. 1780, detail from portrait by Johann Nepomuk della Croce | image2 = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Signature.svg | width2 = 250 | caption2 = }} '''वुल्फगैंग एमडियस मोजार्ट''' (''वुल्फगैंग ऍमॅडियस मोत्सार्ट'' -&nbsp;Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; 27 जनवरी 1756 – 5 दिसंबर 1791) यूरोप के क्लासिकल जुग के एगो संगीतकार (कंपोजर) रहलें। ऑस्ट्रिया के मोत्सार्ट, अपना जमाना के सभसे परभावशाली संगीतकार लोग में गिनल जालें। इनके जनम साल्जबर्ग में भइल आ बाद के जिनगी [[वियना]] में बीतल। मोजार्ट लगभग 600 संगीत रचना कइलें आ इनके परभाव परसिद्ध संगीतकार [[लुडविग वॉन बीथोवेन]] के सुरुआती रचना पर भी देखल जाला। जोसफ हाईडेन के कहनाम रहल कि "बाद के समय में अगिला 100 साल ले दुनिया अइसन टैलेंट ना देखी"। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:संगीतकार]] {{bio-stub}} snfb1x3554afrlggnu2dvof49b9urde 0 61632 814444 781318 2026-11-07T07:49:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सैन होज़े, कैलिफोर्निया | other_name = | settlement_type = शहर | official_name = City of San José | image_skyline = SJPan.jpg | image_flag = | image_seal = | motto = सिलिकॉन वैली के राजधानी | pushpin_map = USA California#USA | pushpin_map_caption = अमेरिका में लोकेशन | pushpin_relief = <!-- Location -------------> | coordinates = {{coord|37|20|N|121|54|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flagu|अमेरिका}} | subdivision_type1 = राज्य | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_type5 = काउंटी | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|कैलिफोर्निया}} | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_name5 = [[सैंटा क्लारा काउंटी, कैलिफोर्निया|सैंटा क्लारा]] <!-- History --------------> <!-- Government -----------> | total_type = शहर | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=जून 28, 2017}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 467.55 <!-- Elevation ------------>| area_metro_sq_mi = 2694.61 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 25 | elevation_min_ft = 0 <!-- Population ----------->| elevation_max_footnotes = <ref name=elvadist>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances|publisher=US Geological Survey|date=अप्रैल 29, 2005|accessdate=February 10, 2015|archive-date=November 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183109/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | elevation_min_footnotes = <ref name=elvadist/> | population_total = 945942 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_footnotes = | area_code = | area_code_type = | website = [http://www.sanjoseca.gov/ SanJoseCA.gov] | footnotes = | pushpin_label = San Jose <!-- Codes ----------------> | pop_est_as_of = 2017 | pop_est_footnotes = | population_est = 1035317 | population_density_km2 = 2230.24 }} '''सैन होजे''' भा '''सैन होसे''' ({{Lang|en|San Jose}}) अमेरिका के कैलिफोर्निया राज्य के सैंटा क्लारा काउंटी में एगो शहर बा। ई अमेरिका के दसवाँ सभसे बड़ शहर आ कैलिफोर्निया राज्य के तीसरा सभसे बड़ शहर आ एह राज्य के उत्तरी हिस्सा के सभसे बड़ शहर बाटे। ई सिलिकान वैली के सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक आ राजनीतिक सेंटर हवे। {{Clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:कैलिफोर्निया के शहर आ कस्बा]] [[श्रेणी:सैंटा क्लारा काउंटी, कैलिफोर्निया]] {{US-geo-stub}} 92ig3xk4cataliy1h7rali66l5gl37d 0 61686 813773 789505 2026-11-06T12:10:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* लोकेशन */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = वाल्मीकि नेशनल पार्क | iucn_category = II | photo = | photo_caption = बंगाल टाइगर, भारतीय गैंडा आ भारतीय हाथी | location = [[पच्छिम चंपारन जिला]], [[बिहार]], [[भारत]] | nearest_city =[[बेतिया]] | map = India Bihar | relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|27|19|54|N|84|9|45|E|display=inline, title}} | area_km2 = 898.45 | established = 1978 | alt_name=Valmiki National Park, Tiger Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary | website=https://www.valmikitigerreserve.com/ | governing_body=[[बिहार सरकार]] }} '''वाल्मीकि नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Lang|en|Valmiki National Park}}) भा '''वाल्मीकि नेशनल पार्क, टाइगर रिज़र्व आ बन्यजीव अभयारण्य''' [[भारत]]-[[नेपाल]] बाडर पर, भारतीय राज्य [[बिहार]] के [[पच्छिम चंपारन जिला]] में एगो राष्ट्रीय पार्क बा।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/how-this-bihar-sanctuary-tripled-tiger-numbers-in-10-yrs/articleshow/64714065.cms |title=How this Bihar sanctuary tripled tiger numbers in 10 yrs}}</ref> ई बिहार के एकलौता [[नेशनल पार्क]] हवे।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/plan-for-eco-city-near-tiger-reserve-239758|title=Plan for eco city near tiger reserve}}</ref> वाल्मीकि टाइगर रिजर्व के बिस्तार गंडक नदी के बायें तीरे पर पूरुब ओर बाटे आ ई लगभग {{convert|899.38|km2|sqmi}} रकबा के इलाका में फइलल बाटे जे एह जिला के कुल रकबा के 17 प्रतिशत के करीब बा। साल 2018 तक के आँकड़ा के मोताबिक एहिजा कुल 40 गो [[बाघ]] रहलें।<ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Bihar developing India's biggest grassland for Tigers|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/bihar-developing-indias-biggest-grassland-for-tigers/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=16 April 2014|archive-date=9 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409005743/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/bihar-developing-indias-biggest-grassland-for-tigers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == लोकेशन == भूगोलीय रूप से ई नेशनल पार्क 83°0 50′ आ 84°0 10′ E देशांतर आ 27°0 10′ आ 27°0 03′ N अक्षांस के बीचा में बिस्तार लिहले बाटे। ई जंगल हिमालय आ गंगा के मैदान के बीच के तराई वाला इलाका हवे। प्रशासनिक हिसाब से ई बिहार राज्य के पच्छिम चंपारण जिला में पड़े ला। चंपारण शब्द खुद दू गो शब्दन के मिले से बनल हवे चंपा आ अरण्य, मतलब होला चंपा के बन। ई बन वाला इलाका जिला के उत्तरी आ उत्तरी-पच्छिमी हिस्सा में पड़े ला आ एकरे पच्छिम से गंडक नदी बहे ले। वाल्मीकि नगर जेकर पुराना नाँव भैंसा लोटन रहल, में गंडक नदी पर बैराज बना के दुनों ओर नहर निकालल गइल हईं। पूरा जंगल {{convert|900|km2|sqmi}} एरिया पर बिस्तार लिहले बाटे, एह में {{convert|899.38|km2|sqmi}} एरिया पर नेशनल पार्क आ वाइल्डलाइफ सेंचुरी बाड़ें। एह जंगल के उत्तरी हिस्सा के साथे नेपाल में मौजूद संरक्षित एरिया चितवन नेशनल पार्क के पड़े ला। संरक्षण आ प्रोटेक्शन के हिसाब से ई [[तराई आर्क लैंडस्केप]] (Terai Arc Landscape) के हिस्सा हवे जेह में हिमालय के एह तराई इलाका आ गंगा मैदान के उत्तरी हिस्सा के भारत आ नेपाल में मौजूद 14 गो संरक्षित इलाका सामिल बाड़ें; इहो उनहने में से एक हवे। बिहार सरकार के योजना बा कि {{convert|800|km2|sqmi}} के जंगल के घासभूमि में बदलल जाय आ ई भारत के सभसे बड़हन घास भूमि होखी।<ref name="bp" /> {{Clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[पीलीभीत टाइगर रिजर्व]] * [[दुधवा टाइगर रिजर्व]] * [[तराई आर्क लैंडस्केप]] * [[भारत के नेशनल पार्क सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{National parks of India}} {{Tiger Reserves of India}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के नेशनल पार्क]] n2fmljiia06vr85nz01nf7o4g37gnkx 0 61892 814230 795998 2026-11-06T16:04:59Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sian Brooke | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Sian Elizabeth Phillips | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1980}} | birth_place = लिचफील्ड, [[स्टैफ़र्डशायर]], इंग्लैंड, यूनाइटेड किंगडम | height = 1.68m<ref name=RADA/> | death_date = | death_place = | othername = Siân Brooke | yearsactive = 2002–अबतक | spouse = | website = }} '''सियान ब्रुक''' (जनम 1980)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/united-kingdom-records-in-birth-marriage-death-and-parish-records?firstname=sian&lastname=phillips&lastname_variants=true&yearofbirth=1979&yearofbirth_offset=2&keywordsplace=lichfield|title=Results for Birth, Marriage, Death & Parish Records |publisher=Findmypast|accessdate=22 January 2017}}</ref> एगो ब्रिटिश ऐक्ट्रेस बाड़ी, इनके परसिद्धि ''All About George'' में लौरा, ''[[Cape Wrath (TV series)|Cape Wrath]]'' में लोरी, आ Eurus Holmes in ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' यूरस होल्म्स के किरदार करे खाती बाटे। खबर बा कि ई ''[[मिशन इंपॉसिबल – फ़ॉलआउट|मिशन इंपॉसिबल 6]]'' में लउकिहें जे जुलाई 2018 में रिलीज होखी। {{Clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:1980 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:अंग्रेजी टेलीविजन ऐक्ट्रेस]] [[श्रेणी:21वीं-सदी के अंग्रेजी ऐक्ट्रेस]] {{actor-stub}} 6dkbfv07em9pkukmq54xq44bvyqwbmd 0 62013 813875 774277 2026-11-06T12:53:10Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Will Smith | image = Will Smith by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Smith at the 2016 [[San Diego Comic-Con International]] | alt = Actor Will Smith at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con International. | birth_name = Willard <!--- Carroll is correct, see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LotoBix4UDM --->Carroll<!--- Carroll is correct, see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LotoBix4UDM ---> Smith Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|9|25}}<!--DO NOT change without including a credible citation--> | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, U.S.}} | other_names = The Fresh Prince | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Sheree Zampino<br />|1992|1995|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Jada Pinkett Smith|Jada Pinkett]]<br />|1997}}}} | residence = [[Los Angeles]], California, U.S. | years_active = 1985–present | occupation = {{flatlist| *Actor *film producer *rapper *songwriter *comedian *media personality *record producer }} | net_worth = {{gain}} $250 million (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/09/25/54-richest-black-male-celebrities-with-a-collective-net-worth-over-9b/|title= Will Smith Net Worth - atlantablackstar|work=atlantablackstar|accessdate=मार्च 13, 2015}}</ref> | children = Trey, [[Jaden Smith|Jaden]], and [[Willow Smith]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory field --> | genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] | label = {{flat list| * [[Jive Records|Jive]] *[[RCA Records|RCA]] * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Sony Music Entertainment|SME]] * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] *[[Universal Music Group|Universal]] }} |associated_acts = {{flatlist| *[[DJ Jazzy Jeff]] *[[Camp Lo]] *[[Christina Vidal]] *[[Eddie F]] *[[Kenny Greene]] *[[Mary J. Blige]] *[[Tichina Arnold]] *[[Trackmasters]] }} |website = {{URL|www.willsmith.com/}} }} | signature = Will Smith signature.png | signature_alt = "3Sw" spells out the signature in the image. | signature_size = 150px }} '''विल स्मिथ''' एगो अमेरिकी फिलिम एक्टर बाड़ें। [[श्रेणी:1968 में जनम]] {{actor-stub}} h1bruilw19u2zh4zg3e0d10roi3ps4j 0 62388 813979 728001 2026-11-06T13:01:04Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Bridge |bridge_name = शाही पुल |image = Jaunpurbridge closeup.jpg |caption = शाही पुल के नगीचे से लिहल फोटो |official_name = |carries = |crosses = [[गोमती नदी]] |locale = [[जौनपुर]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] |maint = आर्कियोलॉजी बिभाग, (यूपी)<br> पीडब्लूडी <br> उत्तर प्रदेश सेतु निगम |id = |designer = अफ़ज़ल अली |design = [[मेहराबदार पुल]] |material = |spans = |pierswater = |mainspan = |length = |width = |height = |load = |clearance = |below = |traffic = |begin = 1564 |complete = 1567 |open = 1567 |heritage = 1978 |collapsed = 1934 (partial i.e. ⅓) |preceded = शर्की सल्तनत के नाइ के पुल |followed = नवका पुल, जौनपुर |closed = |toll = फ्री |map_cue = |map_image = |map_text = |map_width = |coordinates = {{coord|25.74870|82.68468|display=inline,title}} |extra = }} '''शाही पुल''' भारतीय राज्य उत्तर प्रदेश के [[जौनपुर]] शहर में [[गोमती नदी]] पर बनल एगो इतिहासी पुल बा। ई पुल 16-वी सदी के बनल पुल हवे आ मुख्य शहर से उत्तर में बाटे। एकर अउरी नाँव '''अकबरी पुल''', '''मुगल पुल''' आ '''मुनीम खां के पुल''' भी हवे। {{Clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}} [[श्रेणी:जौनपुर]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के पुल]] {{struct-stub}} 7467e6dh5womjpap3ctgmk9t3rh2ppw 0 62390 813881 594778 2026-11-06T12:53:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:William Hodges 2.jpg|thumb|विलियम होज़ेज के पोर्ट्रेट]] '''विलियम होजेज''' (William Hodges; 28 October 1744 – 6 March 1797) एगो अंगरेज [[पेंटिंग|पेंटर]] (चित्रकार) रहलन। ई कप्तान [[जेम्स कुक]] के दूसरा प्रशांत अभियान में उनके साथै गइल रहलें आ एह जतरा में जवना जवना जगह गइलेन ओह जगहन के चित्र पेंटिंग क के बनवलें। आज इनके बनावल पेंटिंग इतिहासी महत्व के चीज बाड़ी स। 1778 में ई [[वारेन हेस्टिंग्स]] के संरक्षण में [[भारत]] के जात्रा कइलेन आ छह साल इहाँ रह के कई जगह, भवन आ सीन सभ के स्केच आ पेंटिंग बनवलें। {{Clear}} [[श्रेणी:अंगरेज लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1744 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1797 में निधन]] {{bio-stub}} o9ro288v2eu9vumtubuqglvnlq66as3 0 62549 814206 804546 2026-11-06T15:58:38Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:KamaSutra25.jpg|alt=कामसूत्र में चतुरमैथुन|right|350x350px]] '''सामूहिक सेक्स''' भा '''ग्रुप सेक्स''' अइसन [[सेक्स]] संबंधी क्रियाकलाप होला जेह में दू से बेसी भागीदार लोग होखे। ई क्रिया विपरीत लिंगी, समलिंगी, या मिश्रित भागीदारी वाला हो सकेला। एह तरह के यौन संपर्क में अलग-अलग लोगन के बीच यौन संबंध बनावल जाला, जे कई रूप में हो सकेला — जइसे: * तीन लोगन के संबंध (थ्रीसम) * चार लोगन के (फोरसम) * बड़ समूह में सहभागिता (ऑर्गी) एह क्रिया के मुख्य रूप से सहमति, गोपनीयता, आ स्वास्थ्य सुरक्षा पर आधारित होखल जरूरी होला। ==संस्कृति आ इतिहास== सामूहिक मैथुन के उल्लेख कई प्राचीन ग्रंथन में मिलेला। [[कामसूत्र]] जइसन प्राचीन भारतीय ग्रंथ में ''चतुरमैथुन'' (चार लोग के मैथुन) के वर्णन मिलेला। मध्यकालीन आ यूरोपीय कला में भी अइसन गतिविधियन के चित्रण पावल गइल बा। आधुनिक समय में ई विषय कई बार साहित्य, फ़िल्म आ पोर्नोग्राफी के हिस्सा भी बनल बा। ==प्राकृतिक जगत में== इंसान के अलावा, कुछ दुसर जीव-जंतु, खासकर [[बोनोबो]] आ [[चिंपांजी]] प्रजाति के बंदरन में भी सामूहिक यौन व्यवहार देखल गइल बा। एह तरह के व्यवहार सामाजिक संबंध मजबूत करे, तनाव घटावे, आ मेलजोल बढ़ावे खातिर उपयोग में लावल जाला। ==स्वास्थ्य आ सुरक्षा== दलगत यौन क्रिया में भाग लेवे से पहिले निम्न बातन के ध्यान में राखल जरूरी होला: * भागीदार सभ के स्पष्ट सहमति होखे * यौन-संक्रमण (STI) से बचाव खातिर सुरक्षात्मक उपाय (जइसे कंडोम) के इस्तेमाल होखे * साफ-सफाई आ मर्यादा के पालन कइल जाव ==चित्र संग्रह== <gallery> File:Kama Sutra 50 detail.jpg|[[कामसूत्र]] में दलगत यौन क्रिया के चित्र File:Martin van Maele 04.jpg|मार्टिन वान माइल के चित्र में सामूहिक मैथुन File:Fourgy Inked Colour.png|सांकेतिक चित्रण </gallery> ==संदर्भ== <references /> [[श्रेणी:मानव कामुकता]] [[श्रेणी:सेक्स]] {{Sex-stub}} pwm4avsvy8m9ldxw8liyssqkdv0thd2 0 62662 814162 753053 2026-11-06T15:54:44Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saraha.jpg|right|thumb|200px|सरह के हाल के समय के बनावल एगो मुर्ती, संभवतः नैपाल में।]] '''सरहपा''' भा '''सरह''' (c. 8वीं-सदी) सहजिया पंथ के लोगन में पहिला आ महासिद्ध लोग में से एक रहलें। इनका के [[ओडिया]], [[अंगिका]] आ [[भोजपुरी]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=तिवारी|first1=अर्जुन|title=भोजपुरी साहित्य के इतिहास|publisher=विश्वविद्यालय प्रकाशन|location=बनारस|page=51}}</ref> (हिंदी) के पहिला कबी मानल जाला आ [[राहुल सांकृत्यायन]] इनके समय आठवीं सदी बतावे लें जे बहुधा अवरू बिद्वान लोग के भी मान्य बा। इनके अउरी नाँव में '''सरह''', '''राहुलभद्र''' वगैरह भी मिले ला। तिब्बती भाषा में इनके नाँव ''सरह'' के अरथ "जे तीर चला चुकल होखे" होला। कुछ लोग इनके नाँव के सहस्रपाद से निकसल बतावे ला। [[दोहा]], चर्यागीत आ वज्रगीत के रचनाकार मानल जालें। ==रचना== * हरप्रसाद शास्त्री द्वारा संपादित - ''बौद्धगान ओ दोहा'' * राहुल सांकृत्यायन द्वारा तिब्बत से ले आइल सामग्री पर आधारित - ''दोहा कोश'' {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी साहित्य]] [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी-भाषा के कवि]] {{poet-stub}} 4oxlfuy0itv3zui2pj85r9hzncobivy 0 62829 814225 797669 2026-11-06T16:04:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिंध | type = [[पाकिस्तान के प्रशासनिक बिभाजन|प्रांत]] | image_flag = Flag of Sindh.svg | image_seal = Coat of arms of Sindh Province.svg | nickname = मेहरान (दरवाजा), बाब-अल-इस्लाम (इसलाम के दरवाजा) | image_map = Sindh in Pakistan (claims hatched).svg | map_caption = पाकिस्तान में लोकेशन | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{flag|पाकिस्तान}} | seat_type = राजधानी | seat = [[कराची]] | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = प्रांतीय | demographics1_info1 = [[सिंधी भाषा|सिंधी]] | demographics1_title2 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info2 = [[पाकिस्तानी अंग्रेजी|अंग्रेजी]] | demographics1_title3 = राष्ट्रीय | demographics1_info3 = [[उर्दू]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[पाकिस्तानी नेशनल असेंबली|नेशनल असेंबली में सीट]] | blank_info_sec1 = 75 | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = जिला | blank_info_sec2 = 29 | blank1_name_sec2 = तहसील | blank1_info_sec2 = 119 | blank2_name_sec2 = युनियन कौंसिल | blank2_info_sec2 = 1108<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lgdsindh.com.pk/|title=Government of Sindh|access-date=2018-07-21|archive-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616174048/http://www.lgdsindh.com.pk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 140,914 | area_rank = 3सरा | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017.pdf|title=DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017|publisher=www.pbscensus.gov.pk|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829164748/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017.pdf|archivedate=2017-08-29|df=}}</ref> | population_total = 47,886,051 | population_as_of = 2017 | population_rank = 2सरा | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = सिंधी | website = [http://www.sindh.gov.pk sindh.gov.pk] }} '''सिंध''' [[पाकिस्तान]] के एगो प्रांत बाटे। ई पाकिस्तान के दक्खिन-पूरबी इलाका में पड़े ला आ एरिया के हिसाब से पाकिस्तान के तिसरा आ आबादी के हिसाब से पंजाब के बाद दुसरा सभसे बड़ प्रांत हवे। एकर सीमा पच्छिम में [[बलूचिस्तान]] प्रांत, उत्तर में [[पंजाब (पाकिस्तान)|पंजाब]] प्रांत आ पूरुब में [[भारत]] देस के [[राजस्थान]] आ [[गुजरात]] से सटल बा। एकरे दक्खिन में गुजरात राज्य आ सुदूर दक्खिन पच्छिम में [[अरब सागर]] बा। भूगोल के हिसाब से ई लगभग पूरा तरीका से मैदानी इलाका हवे आ [[सिंधु नदी]] के ले आइल गाद-माटी जमा होखे से बनल हवे, हालाँकि एकरे पूरबी हिस्सा में [[थार के रेगिस्तान]] आ एकरे एकदम से पच्छिमी हिस्सा में [[किरथर]] के पहाड़ी इलाका भी पड़े लें। [[File:Sindh culture.jpg|thumb|सिंध की संस्कृति]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{Administrative units of Pakistan}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:सिंध| ]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान के प्रांत]] {{pakistan-stub}} 5zpw3h3wqscdwis89yris7nrttct6xi 0 62862 814431 785578 2026-11-07T07:48:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Selena Gomez | image = | caption = | birth_name = Selena Marie Gomez | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|7|22}} | birth_place = [[Grand Prairie, Texas]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|actress|producer}} | years_active = 2002–present | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[electropop]]}} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{hlist|[[Hollywood Records|Hollywood]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]}} | associated_acts = [[Selena Gomez & the Scene]] | website = {{URL|selenagomez.com}} }} }} '''सेलिना मैरी गोमेज़''' (Selena Marie Gomez; जनम: 22 जुलाई 1992) एगो अमेरिकी गायिका, ऐक्ट्रेस आ प्रोड्यूसर बाड़ी।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=जनवरी 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=जनवरी 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}</ref> लइकन के टीवी शो ''बार्नी एंड फ्रेंड्स'' में लउके वाली गोमेज के परसिद्धि मिलल जब ऊ डिज्नी चैनल के सीरीज ''विजार्ड ऑफ वैवरली पैलेस'' में अलेक्स रूसो के रोल कइली; ई धारावाहिक चार सीजन बदे 2007 से 2012 ले चलल। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1992 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{singer-stub}} jnke49ohnq2gox203ri8w0zcle0b5kw 0 62876 814422 596674 2026-11-07T07:47:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Sanitary towel.jpg|260px|thumb|alt=दूठो सफ़ेद क्रीमी कलर के पैड |सैनिटरी पैड]] '''सेनेटरी नैपकिन''', '''सेनेटरी पैड''' या फिर '''पैड''' एक किसिम के गद्दीदार पैड होला जे [[महीनावारी]] के दौरान [[औरत]]न के [[बुर]] से निकसे वाला खून के सोखे खाती चड्ढी/पैंटी में पहिरल जाला। ई एक तरह के सफाई आ स्वच्छता (हाइजीन) रखे के जोगाड़ हवे। एह गद्दी सभ के ब्यापक रूप से औद्योगिक उत्पादन आ बिकिरी होखे के पहिले के जमाना में औरत सब एह काम खाती कपड़ा के टुकड़ा इस्तेमाल करें, हालाँकि, कम बिकसित देस सभ में अभिन ले अइसन बेहवार जारी बाटे। माहवारी के खून सोखावे के अलावा ई पैड अउरी इस्तेमाल में भी आ सके ला जइसे कि बुर के सर्जरी (ऑपरेशन) के बाद, जचगी के बाद होखे वाला डिस्चार्ज के सोखे खातिर, या फिर गरभ गिरावे के बाद या अइसन कौनों दसा में जब बुर से निकले वाला खून के सोखे के जरूरत होखे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:सेहत]] {{health-stub}} 6ttkjjmanc0qhrs07yach2w22d1tbak 0 63235 813913 600673 2026-11-06T12:56:10Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वेदांत''' भा '''उत्तर मीमांसा''' [[भारतीय दर्शन]] के छह गो आस्तिक दर्शन सभ (षडदर्शन) में गिनल जाए वाला एगो दर्शन हवे। वेदांत के शाब्दिक अरथ हवे '[[वेद]] के अंत'। अइसन नाँव के मतलब ई हवे की ई दर्शन उपनिषद् सभ के चिंतन पर आधारित होखे वाला दर्शन के रूप में देखल जाला। वास्तव में ई एक ठो दर्शनों ना हवे बलुक एगो बड़हन नाँव हवे जेह में कई गो बिचार सामिल बाड़े। एह सभ में द्वैत आ अद्वैत दुनो किसिम के बिचार सभ बाड़ें। इनहन के आधार के रूप में ''प्रस्थानत्रयी'' के देखल जाला - मने कि [[उपनिषद]], ब्रह्म सूत्र आ भगवद्गीता। {{clear}} {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:वेदांत| ]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] {{hinduism-stub}} b2ewdqbfk0g5qgfakvc89q88ckvc0yw 0 63470 813895 669623 2026-11-06T12:54:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | name = V. S. Naipaul | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100|list=[[Trinity Cross|TC]]}} | image = VS Naipaul 2016 Dhaka.jpg | caption = VS Naipaul in Dhaka in 2016 | pseudonym = | birth_name = Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul{{refn|Meaning: ''vidiādhar'' ([[Hindi]] "possessed of learning," (p. 921) from ''vidyā'' ([[Sanskrit]] "knowledge, learning," p. 921) + ''dhar'' ([[Sanskrit]] "holding, supporting," p. 524)); ''sūrajprasād'' (from ''sūraj'' ([[Hindi]] "sun," p. 1036) + ''prasād'' ([[Sanskrit]] "gift, boon, blessing," p. 666)) from {{Cite book|last=McGregor|first=R. S.|authorlink=R. S. McGregor|title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MILAQgAACAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press.}}|group=nb}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|08|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Chaguanas]], [[History of Trinidad and Tobago#20th-century political development|British Trinidad and Tobago]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|08|11|1932|08|17|df=yes}} | death_place = [[London]], England | occupation = Novelist, [[travel writer]], essayist | citizenship = British<ref name="NP">{{cite web | url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/press.html | title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 – V. S. Naipaul | publisher=NobelPrize.org | accessdate=7 May 2017 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504145641/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/press.html | archivedate=4 May 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> | period = 1957–2010 | genre = Novel, essay | subject = {{Infobox person|child=yes | father = [[Seepersad Naipaul]]}} | movement = | notableworks = {{ubl|''[[A House for Mr Biswas]]''|''[[In a Free State]]''|''[[A Bend in the River]]''|''[[The Enigma of Arrival]]''}} | spouses = {{ubl|{{marriage|Patricia Ann Hale<br />|1955|1996|reason=died}}|{{marriage|[[Nadira Naipaul|Nadira Khannum Alvi]]<br />|1996}}}} | awards = {{awd|[[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]]|1971}} {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|2001}} | signature = | website = | relatives = {{ubl|[[Capildeo family]]|Balkrishna Naipaul}} | imagesize = }} सर '''विद्याधर सूरजप्रसाद नायपॉल''' (17 अगस्त 1932 - 11 अगस्त 2018) भारतीय मूल के कैरेबियाई लेखक रहलें जिनके जनम ट्रिनीदाद में भइल आ बाद में ब्रिटिश नागरिकता लिहलें। इनके लेखन खाती [[नोबल पुरस्कार]] से सम्मानित कइल गइल रहल। 11 अगस्त 2018 के इनके निधन [[लंदन]] में भइल। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:2018 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:1932 में जनम]] {{bio-stub}} 5tyripuhz416c76c1fyagbtyrknt1zy 0 63513 813992 605920 2026-11-06T13:02:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail service | name = शिवगंगा एक्सप्रेस <!-- Commented out: | image= Shiv Ganga Express.JPG --> | caption= | type= सुपरफास्ट | State= [[दिल्ली]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | first=1 जुलाई 2002 | last= | operator=उत्तर पुरुब रेलवे जोन | start= [[मंडुआडीह]] | stops=2 | end=[[नई दिल्ली रेलवे टीशन]] | distance= {{convert|755|km|miles}} | journeytime= 12 घंटा 30 मिनट | frequency = रोज-रोज | class= AC-I, AC-II, AC-III, SL, General | seating=Yes | sleeping=Yes | catering= Available (paid) | gauge= {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on|allk=on}} | trainnumber = 12559 / 12560 | speed= Maximum {{convert|110|kph|mph}} Average={{convert|61|kph|mph}} (inuding halts), {{convert|64|kph|mph}} (excluding halts) | map = [[File:Shiv Ganga Express (New Delhi - Varanasi) Route map.jpg|250px]] }} '''शिवगंगा एक्सप्रेस''' एगो भारतीय सुपर-फास्ट रेल हवे जे [[बनारस]] से [[दिल्ली]] के बीच चले ले। एकर नाँव बनारस के दू गो सभसे महत्व वाला चीन्हा [[शिव]] आ [[गंगा]] के नाँव पर रखल गइल हवे। ई रेलगाड़ी साल 2002 के बजट में पास भइल रहे आ 1 जुलाई 2002 से चले सुरू भइल। ई रोज चले वाली गाड़ी हवे आ एकरे रस्ता में पड़े वाला मुख्य इस्टेशन [[इलाहाबाद]] आ [[कानपुर]] बाड़ें। ट्रेन बनारस के मंडुआडीह से चले ले आ इलाहाबाद ले ई WDM 3A इंजन द्वारा ले आइल जाले, एकरे बाद WAP 4 भा WAP 5 इंजन खींच के एकरा के दिल्ली ले ले जाला। ई रेलगाड़ी भारतीय रेल के कुछ सभसे लमहर गाड़ी सभ में से एक हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:बनारस]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय रेल के गाड़ी]] {{rail-transport-stub}} 66yj5vimethlzps1k6uz8z95qcfd2wt 0 63625 813731 662500 2026-11-06T12:07:03Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वर्चुअल प्राइवेट नेटवर्क''' (वीपीएन), प्राइवेट नेटवर्क के बिस्तार करे ला आ एकरा के पब्लिक नेटवर्क ले पहुँचे जोग बनावे ला। प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के एह तरीका के [[नेटवर्क]] से ई फायदा होला कि ऊ लोग पब्लिक नेटवर्क के इस्तेमाल करत समय भी बेल्कुल ओही तरे डेटा भेज आ रिसीभ क सके ला मनो कि उनहन लोग के डिवाइस (यंत्र/उपकरण) सभ प्राइवेट नेटवर्क पर जुड़ल होखें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर]] {{computer-stub}} sb66yacxz9pa1vpvjz17mt4yfen3lfs 0 63980 814398 783713 2026-11-07T07:17:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सुहेलवा बनजीव बिहार''' ({{Lang|en|Suhelva Sanctuary}}) भारतीय राज्य उत्तर प्रदेश में एगो बनजीव बिहार (सैंक्चुअरी) बाटे।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/explore/top-explore-suhelwa-wildlife |title=Welcome to UP Tourism-Official Website of Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India &#124; explore &#124; Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Uptourism.gov.in |date=2017-01-23 |accessdate=2018-08-26 |archive-date=2018-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818182910/http://uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/explore/top-explore-suhelwa-wildlife |url-status=dead }}</ref> ई प्रदेश के प्रमुख पर्यटन स्थल हवे। पहिले ई सोहेलवा जंगल केनाँव से जानल जाय आ बाद सरकार एकरा के जीव विहार घोषित कइलस।<ref>{{cite web |author=Last updated: Fri, 30 Mar 2018 04:53 PM IST |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-now-sohlawa-forest-area-is-suheldev-wildlife-vihara-janab-1877478.html |title=Now Sohlawa forest area is Suheldev wildlife vihara janab, Lucknow Hindi News - Hindustan |publisher=Livehindustan.com |date=2018-03-30 |accessdate=2018-08-26 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ई बनजीव बिहार यूपी के तीन जिला सभ — [[बलरामपुर जिला|बलरामपुर]], [[श्रावस्ती जिला|श्रावस्ती]] आ [[गोंडा जिला]] में फइलल जंगल के रूप में बा आ प्रदेश के राजधानी [[लखनऊ]] से करीबन 200 किमी उत्तर ओर बाटे। एकर कुल रकबा करीबन साढ़े चार सौ वर्ग किलोमीटर के बा;<ref name="जागरण" /> ई इलाका बाढ़ परभावित इलाका हवे<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Over-200-villages-in-UP-marooned-Rapti-river-flows-above-danger-mark/articleshow/40317134.cms |title=Over 200 villages in UP marooned, Rapti river flows above danger mark &#124; India News - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2018-08-26}}</ref> आ तराई के इलाका होखे के कारण नमी के बहुतायत होला। ई बनजीव बिहार [[नेपाल]] के जंगली इलाका सभ से जुडल बा आ ई [[शेर]] (टाइगर) के आवास होखे के कारन परसिध हवे। अउरी जानवरन में गुलदार, [[भालू]], [[हिरन]] या फिर [[चीतल]] पावल जालें।<ref name="जागरण">{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/shravasti-7669452.html |title=बुलाती है सोहेलवा की मोहक छटा |publisher=Jagran.com |date=2011-11-16 |accessdate=2018-08-26 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{reflist}} {{Protected areas in Uttar Pradesh}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के वाइल्डलाइफ सैंक्चुअरी]] {{environ-stub}} 8ng4q3lffoxnuemsjn40q56zvep8moj 0 63981 814172 756263 2026-11-06T15:55:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Salad platter.jpg|240px|thumb|सलाद के सजल प्लेट|alt=सलाद]] '''सलाद''' भोजन के एगो आइटम हवे जेह में मुख्य रूप से कच्चा [[सब्जी]], [[फल]], पत्ता वगैरह चीज के प्लेट में सजा के परोसल जाला। आमतौर पर ई सामान्य तापमान पर या ठंढा क के परोसल जाला हालाँकि, अपवाद के रूप में जर्मन आलू सलाद बाटे जेकरा के गर्म परोसल जाला। सलाद में मुख्य आइटम, छोट छोट टुकड़ा में काटल कच्चा खाइल जा सके वाली सब्जी, फल वगैरह या फिर अइसने चीज होलें जिन्हन के पकावे न परे बलुक खाए खाती हमेशा तइयार होखें। एकरे नाम के उत्पत्ति [[लैटिन भाषा]] से ''सैलेट'' से बतावल जाला जेकर मतलब नमकीन स्वाद वाला (साल्ट माने नून) खाना होला। सलाद के भोजन में कबो परोसल जा सके ला हालाँकि, इनहन में अंतर होला: * एपेटाईजर सलाद - खाना के सुरुआत में परोसल जालें जे हल्का आ भूख बढ़ावे वाला होलें। * साइड सलाद - मुख्य भोजन के साथे साइड डिश (उपपान) के रूप में। * मेन कोर्स सलाद - हाई प्रोटीन वाला सलाद जेह खाना के मुख्य हिस्सा होखे लें। * डेजर्ट सलाद - खाना के बाद परोसल जाए वाला सलाद जेह में फल, मीठा आ जिलेटिन, क्रीम आदि के प्रधानता होखे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:खाना]] {{food-stub}} fiuukuh9u7ehg0q1ujig8wkf5m45g4c 0 64268 813853 722349 2026-11-06T12:51:33Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info --> |name = विजयनगर |other_name = Bijaynagar |native_name = विजयनगर गाँवपालिका |nickname = |settlement_type = [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|गाँवपालिका]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nepal |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_mapsize = 280 <!-- Location ------------------> |pushpin_map_caption = नेपाल में लोकेशन |pushpin_relief = 1 |coordinates = {{coord|26.69|82.75|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{flag|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपाल के प्रदेश|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[प्रदेश संख्या 5]] |subdivision_type2 = [[नेपाल के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] |subdivision_name2 = [[कपिलवस्तु जिला|कपिलवस्तु]] |<!-- Politics --> |established_title = अस्थापना |established_date = 10 मार्च 2017 <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 173.19<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 36937 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[नेपाल समय]] |utc_offset = +5:45 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = डाक कोड |postal_code = |area_code = 076 |website = [http://bijaynagarrularmun.gov.np/ official website] |footnotes = }} '''विजयनगर''' [[नेपाल]] के [[प्रदेश संख्या 5]] के कपिलवस्तु जिला में एगो [[गाँवपालिका]] बा। एह गाँवपालिका के अस्थापना 10 मार्च 2017 के भइल आ नाया प्रशासनिक बिभाजन लागू भइल जेह में पहिले के गाँव बिकास समिति (गाविस) सभ के बिलय क के नाया गाँवपालिका सभ बनल। साल 2011 के जनगणना के आँकड़ा अनुसार एह गाँवपालिका के कुल जनसँख्या 36937 बा आ रकबा 173.19 वर्ग किलोमीटर बा। === समावेस भइल गाविस सभ === *गुगौली *खुरहुरिया *पत्थरदेइय *गणेशपुर === प्रशासन === === बाहरी कडी === [[श्रेणी:प्रदेश संख्या 5 के गाँवपालिका सभ]] [[श्रेणी:कपिलवस्तु जिला के नगरपालिका आ गाँवपालिका]] pyn2t5ansvx1xmqdvmdu6r5h4z7wmdu 0 64559 814121 739261 2026-11-06T15:49:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = सनम बेवफ़ा | image = | caption = | producer =सावन कुमार | director =सावन कुमार | music = | writer = | starring = [[सलमान ख़ान]] | screenplay = | released = 1991 | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | budget = }} '''''सनम बेवफ़ा''''' साल 1991 में आइल एगो फिलिम बा। एकर निर्माता आ निर्देशक सावन कुमार टक रहलें। फिलिम में मुख्य भूमिका में [[सलमान खान]], चांदनी डैनी डैन्जोपा आ प्राण रहे लोग। फिलिम एगो प्रेम कहानी रहल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == [[श्रेणी:1990 के दशक के फिलिम]] {{film-stub}} reiffpc1w23kx4e3jq1lsk2krork7bq 0 64560 814196 739262 2026-11-06T15:57:42Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = साजन | image = | caption = | producer = सुधाकर बोकाडे | director = [[लौरेंस डिसूज़ा]] | music = [[नदीम–श्रवण]] | writer = रीमा राकेश नाथ | starring = [[संजय दत्त]], <br>[[माधुरी दीक्षित]], <br>[[सलमान ख़ान]], <br>लक्ष्मीकांत बेर्डे, <br>[[कादर ख़ान]], <br>[[रीमा लागू]], <br>अंजना मुमताज़ | screenplay = | released = 30 अगस्त, 1991 | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | budget = }} '''''साजन''''' साल 1991 में आइल एगो हिंदी भाषा के फिलिम बा। एकर निर्माता सुधाकर बोकाडे आ डाइरेक्टर लौरेंस डिसूज़ा रहलें। फिलिम प्रेम त्रिकोण के कहानी रहल आ एकर गाना बहुत हिट भइल रहलें। फिलिम में मुख्य भूमिका में संजय दत्त, सलमान खान आ माधुरी दीक्षित रहल लोग। == मुख्य कलाकार == * [[संजय दत्त]] — अमन वर्मा / सागर * [[माधुरी दीक्षित]] — पूजा सक्सेना * [[सलमान ख़ान]] — आकाश वर्मा * [[लक्ष्मीकांत बेर्डे]] — लक्ष्मी * [[कादर ख़ान]] — राजीव वर्मा * [[रीमा लागू]] — श्रीमती कमला वर्मा * [[अंजना मुमताज़]], श्रीमती सक्सेना * [[दिनेश हिंगू]] — लालचंद * [[युनुस परवेज़]] * पूनम शेट्टी == संगीत == {{Infobox album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums --> | Name = साजन | Type = film | Artist = [[नदीम श्रवण]] | Released = 1991 | Recorded = | Genre = [[फिल्म साउंडट्रैक]] | Length = | Label = वीनस | Producer = [[नदीम श्रवण]] | Last album = ''[[दिल है के मानता नहीं]] ''<br>(1991) | This album = ''''''''साजन''''''''<br>(1991) | Next album = ''[[साथी (1991 फ़िल्म)|साथी]]''<br>(1991) |Cover =}} {{Tracklist | heading = गीत | extra_column = गायक | all_lyrics = [[समीर (गीतकार)|समीर]] | all_music = [[नदीम-श्रवण]] | title1 = देखा है पहली बार | extra1 = [[एस॰ पी॰ बालसुब्रमण्यम]], [[अलका याज्ञनिक]] | length1 = 6:12 | title2 = तुम से मिलने की तमन्ना है | extra2 = एस॰ पी॰ बालसुब्रमण्यम | length2 = 5:29 | title3 = बहुत प्यार करते हैं | extra3 = [[अनुराधा पौडवाल]] | length3 = 4:25 | note3 = महिला संस्करण | title4 = जीये तो जीये कैसे | extra4 = कुमार सानु, एस॰ पी॰ बालसुब्रमण्यम, अनुराधा पौडवाल | length4 = 6:37 | note4 = जुगलबंदी संस्करण | title5 = तू शायर है मैं तेरी शायरी | extra5 = अलका याज्ञनिक | length5 = 6:29 | title6 = पहली बार मिले हैं | extra6 = एस॰ पी॰ बालसुब्रमण्यम | length6 = 6:15 | title7 = मेरा दिल भी कितना पागल है | extra7 = कुमार सानु, अलका याज्ञनिक | length7 = 5:24 | title8 = जीये तो जीये कैसे | extra8 = [[पंकज उधास]] | length8 = 3:29 | title9 = बहुत प्यार करते है | extra9 = एस॰ पी॰ बालसुब्रमण्यम | length9 = 3:04 | note9 = पुरुष संस्करण }} {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == [[श्रेणी:1990 के दशक के फिलिम]] {{film-stub}} tfl5wl6hdtdyhycqkxhugwtg0ykjt44 0 64664 814103 789994 2026-11-06T15:05:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = सड़क | image = | caption = | producer = मुकेश भट्ट | director = [[महेश भट्ट]] | music = [[नदीम-श्रवण]] | writer = रोबिन भट्ट | starring = [[संजय दत्त]], <br>[[पूजा भट्ट]], <br>[[सदाशिव अमरापुरकर]] | screenplay = | cinematography = प्रवीण भट्ट | released = 1991 | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | budget = }} '''''सड़क''''' साल 1991 में रिलीज भइल एगो हिंदी भाषा के फिलिम बा। ई रोमांटिक आ थ्रिलर कहानी पर आधारित फिलिम रहल जेकर निर्माता मुकेश भट्ट आ डाइरेक्टर महेश भट्ट रहलें। फिलिम में मुख्य किरदार में संजय दत्त आ पूजा भट्ट रहल लोग। हिजड़ा 'महारानी' के रोल में सदाशिव अमरापुरकर के विलेन के रोल के भी बहुत तारीफी भइल आ उनके एकरा खाती अवार्ड भी मिलल। == मुख्य कलाकार == * [[संजय दत्त]] - रवि * [[पूजा भट्ट]] - पूजा * [[सदाशिव अमरापुरकर]] - महारानी * [[दीपक तिजोरी]] - गोतिया * [[नीलिमा अज़ीम]] - चन्दा * [[अवतार गिल]] - सलीम भाई * [[पंकज धीर]] - इंस्पेक्टर ईरानी * [[मुशताक ख़ान (अभिनेता)|मुश्ताक खान]] - गुल्लू == संगीत == {{Infobox album | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums --> Name = सड़क | Type = [[साउंडट्रैक एल्बम]] | Artist = [[नदीम–श्रवण]] | Released = 1991 | Recorded = | Genre = [[साउंडट्रैक]] | Length = 51:32 | Label = [[टी-सीरीज़]] | Producer = [[नदीम–श्रवण]] | Last album = ''[[प्यार का साया (1991 फ़िल्म)|प्यार का साया]]''<br />(1991) | This album = '''''सड़क'''''<br />(1991) | Next album = ''[[दिल का क्या कसूर]]''<br />(1992) }} इस फिल्म के लिये संगीत [[नदीम–श्रवण]] ने दिया है।<ref>{{cite news|title=26 सालों के बाद अब साथ दिखे पूजा भट्ट और संजय दत्त|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-pooja-bhatt-back-after-26-years-982936.html|accessdate=26 मई 2018|work=[[न्यूज़ 18]]|date=4 मई 2017|archive-date=2018-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527120722/https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-pooja-bhatt-back-after-26-years-982936.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class=wikitable ! # ! गाना ! गायक कलाकार ! गीतकार ! लंबाई |- | 1 | "तुम्हें अपना बनाने की" (डुएट) | [[कुमार सानु]], [[अनुराधा पौडवाल]] | [[समीर (गीतकार)|समीर]] | 05:38 |- | 2 | "हम तेरे बिन कहीं रह" |अनुराधा पौडवाल, [[मनहर उधास]] | समीर | 08:08 |- |3 | "ज़माने के देखे" (डुएट) |अनुराधा पौडवाल, [[अभिजीत भट्टाचार्य]] |सुरेंद्र साठी | 04:19 |- | 4 | "जब जब प्यार पे" (डुएट) | कुमार सानु, अनुराधा पौडवाल | समीर | 06:19 |- | 5 | "रहने को घर नही" | कुमार सानु, देबाशीष दासगुप्त, जुनैद अख्तर | समीर | 05:28 |- | 6 | "तुम्हें अपना बनाने की" (महिला) |अनुराधा पौडवाल | समीर | 05:42 |- | 7 | "जब जब प्यार पे पेहरा" (महिला) |अनुराधा पौडवाल | समीर | 06:21 |- | 8 | "क्या सोचता है ये दिल" |अनुराधा पौडवाल | रानी मलिक | 04:57 |- | 9 | "मोहब्बत की है" | कुमार सानू, अनुराधा पौडवाल | समीर | 06:33 |- | 10 | "ज़माने के देखे" (महिला) |अनुराधा पौडवाल |सुरेंद्र साठी | 04:23 |- | 11 | "तक धिन धिन तक" | कुमार सानु, अनुराधा पौडवाल, बाबा मेहता | समीर | 05:01 |- | 12 | "तुम्हें अपना बनाने की" (पुरुष) | कुमार सानु | समीर | 05:41 |} == नामांकरन आ पुरस्कार == * फ़िल्मफ़ेयर सर्वश्रेष्ठ खलनायक पुरस्कार - [[सदाशिव अमरापुरकर]] {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{imdb title|0156985|सड़क}} [[श्रेणी:1991 के फिलिम]] {{film-stub}} rrm8e6qy3dud9x3draviw8ozyrzc1uc 0 64734 813962 763114 2026-11-06T12:59:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|बड़ साइज आ मजिगर आबादी वाला शहरी इलाका|शहर}} '''शहरी क्षेत्र''' या '''नगरीय क्षेत्र''' [[मानव बस्ती]] ह जहाँ जनसंख्या घनत्व अधिक होला आ [[आधारभूत संरचना]] से बनल [[निर्मित वातावरण]] होखेला। शहरी क्षेत्र शहरीकरण कर के बनावल गइल होखेला आ शहरी [[आकृति विज्ञान]] द्वारा [[शहर]], [[कस्बा]], [[महानगर]], [[उपनगर]] आदि में वर्गीकरण करल गइल होखेला। शहरिवाद में, [[देहात]] जइसे की [[गाँव]] के विरोधाभास होला आ [[शहरी समाजशास्त्र]] [[प्राकृतिक वातावरण]] के विरोधाभास होला। [[शहरी क्रांति]] के वक्त बहुत पहिले बनावल गइल शुरू के शहर आज के वर्तमान [[शहरी नियोजन]] के साथ मानव [[सभ्यता]] के आधार बन गइल। प्राकृतिक संसाधन सभ के शोषण अउर दूसर मानव गतिविधियन के कारण पर्यावरण पर मानव प्रभाव पड़ल। 1950 में दुनिया के शहरी आबादी 74 करोड़ 60 लाख रहल, ओकरी बाद कुछ दसक में ही शहरी आबादी बढ़ के 3 अरब 90 करोड़ हो गइल।<ref name="UrbanPopulation">{{cite news|title=City population to reach 6.4bn by 2050|url=http://www.heraldglobe.com/index.php/sid/223727231/scat/2411cd3571b4f088/ht/City-population-to-reach-64bn-by-2050|accessdate=11 July 2014|work=Herald Globe|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714211145/http://www.heraldglobe.com/index.php/sid/223727231/scat/2411cd3571b4f088/ht/City-population-to-reach-64bn-by-2050|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2009 में, शहरी क्षेत्र में रहे वाला लोगन के आबादी (3 अरब 4 करोड़ 20 लाख), गाँव में रहे वाला लोगन के आबादी (3 अरब 4 करोड़ 10 लाख) के पार कर गइल आ ओकरी बाद से दुनिया देहाती के तुलना में अधिक शहरी हो गइल बा।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/urbanization/urban-rural.shtml|title=United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs|publisher=}}</ref> इ पहिला बार भइल रहल के दुनिया के अधिकतर लोग शहर में रहे लगलन।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/ |title= Urban population growth |publisher= World Health Organization}}</ref> 2014 में इ ग्रह पर 7 अरब 20 करोड़ लोग रहलन,<ref name="WorldPopulation">{{cite news |title= Current world population |url= http://www.geohive.com/earth/population_now.aspx |accessdate= 11 July 2014 |publisher= United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140702055710/http://www.geohive.com/earth/population_now.aspx |archivedate= 2 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> जे में से 3 अरब 90 करोड़ लोग शहर में रहलन। संयुक्त राष्ट्र के जनसंख्या विभाग [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र आर्थिक अउर सामाजिक मामिला विभाग]] उ समय भविष्यवाणी कइले रहल की 2050 ले शहरी आबादी 6.4 बिलियन के हिसाब से बढ़ जाई, जे में से 37% आबादी तीन देश [[चीन]], [[भारत]] आ [[नाइजीरिया]] से रही।<ref name="UrbanPopulation"/> शहरी क्षेत्र बनावल जाला शहरीकरण कर के ओकर विकास करल जाला। [[जनसंख्या घनत्व]] के विश्लेषण आ [[शहरी फैलाव]] के साथ विभिन्न उद्देश्य खातिर शहरी क्षेत्र के मूल्यांकन या नाप-तौल करल जाले। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:शहर|*]] [[श्रेणी:शहरी भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:शहरी क्षेत्र| ]] nt9i2h2uiiqw0n1we7sta8yu5tty8dv 0 64773 814116 624092 2026-11-06T15:49:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Srimad Rajcandra.jpg|thumb|alt=पद्मासन में बइठल बहुत दुब्बर संत जेकर ऊपरी हिस्सा उघार बा आ पसली लउकत बा|[[श्रीमद राजचंद्र]], एगो सम्मानित बिचारक, लेखक आ कवी, जे [[महात्मा गाँधी]] के आध्यात्मिक गुरु के रूप में जानल जालें, गाँधी में सत्य आ अहिंसा के लवर लगइने।<ref name="Weber2004">{{cite book|author=Thomas Weber|title=Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8nC80pG4GIC&pg=PA34|date=2 December 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45657-9|pages=34–36}}</ref>]]'''सत्याग्रह''', मने कि [[सत्य]] खातिर आग्रह, सचाई पर मजबूत तरीका से अटल रहल, या सच के ताकत<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhifoundation.net/about%20gandhi6.htm |title=Official Website of the Gandhi Research Foundation |publisher=Gandhifoundation.net |quote = Truth (satya) implies love, and firmness (agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force. I thus began to call the Indian movement Satyagraha, that is to say, the Force which is born of Truth and Love or nonviolence, and gave up the use of the phrase “passive resistance”, in connection with it, so much so that even in English writing we often avoided it and used instead the word “satyagraha” itself or some other equivalent English phrase.|date=1939-03-25 |accessdate=2018-09-16}}</ref> – एक किसिम के बिरोध आ प्रतिरोध के तरीका हऽ जेह में [[अहिंसा|हिंसा के बिना]], [[नागरिक प्रतिरोध]] कइल जाला। ई ह्रदय परिवर्तन के हथियार हवे।<ref name="Agarwal2016">{{cite book|author=Dr. Vimal Agarwal|title=Social : Political Philosophy: (E-Book)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xm4DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA80|date=15 December 2016|publisher=SBPD Publications|isbn=978-93-5167-009-4|pages=80–}}</ref><ref name="Patanayak2000">{{cite book|author=Kishan Patanayak|title=Vikalphin Nahin Hai Duniya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_ZuJeRG-fUC&pg=PA97|year=2000|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-267-0023-3|pages=97–}}</ref> सत्याग्रह एगो साधन हवे, ई एगो अहिंसक साधन हऽ आ एकर आधार प्रेम आ सद्भावना हऽ, सत्याग्रह खातिर निर्भीकता जरूरी होला आ एह तरीका से एक किसिम के आत्मशक्ति हवे।<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book|author=Ashok Kumar Sharma|title=Prarambhik Samaj Evam Rajneeti Darshan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ei6IVAZE204C&pg=PA309|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-3177-3|pages=309–}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{Mahatma Gandhi}} [[श्रेणी:राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सविनय अवज्ञा]] [[श्रेणी:महात्मा गाँधी]] {{poli-stub}} msq7neykr4wfz1n7qxy1rt49ku6flzc 0 64839 814039 727129 2026-11-06T13:05:45Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person<!-- Please do not change this "infobox person" because changing this infobox causes other info not appearing in it. ---> | name = श्रेया घोषाल | image = Shreya Ghoshal at Filmfare Awards South.jpg | caption = 2015 में श्रेया घोषाल | native_name = <!-- Write native name in English language since this is an English Wikipedia page/article. ---> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|03|12}} | birth_place = [[मुशिर्दाबाद]], [[पंश्चिम बंगाल]], India<ref name="shreyainter">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/I-like-my-father-being-the-boss-in-my-life-Shreya/articleshow/27854121.cms|title=I like my father being the boss in my life: Shreya|work=दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया|date=25 December 2013|accessdate=12 August 2016}}</ref> | awards = [[#Awards and nominations|See below]] | nationality = [[भारतीय लोग|भारतीय]] | residence = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | alma_mater = [[SIES College of Arts, Science, and Commerce]] | occupation = * [[प्लेबैक सिंगर]] * [[Record producer|Music producer]] | years_active = 1998 – present <!-- Please do not change this. Reason: Her first studio album was released in 1998 --> | spouse = {{marriage|[[#Early and personal life|Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya]]|5 February 2015}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[ग़ज़ल]] * [[Indian classical music|Classical]] * [[Bhajan]] }} | instrument = [[वोकल्स]] | label = {{flatlist| * Sagar Music * [[Times Music]] * [[Saregama]] * Asha Audio }} | website = {{URL|www.shreyaghoshal.com}} }} | signature = }} '''श्रेया घोषाल''' एगो भारतीय [[गायकी|गायिका]] बाड़ी जे [[प्लेबैक सिंगर|प्लेबैक सिंगिंग]] खाती जानल जाली। इनका के कई बेर [[फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड]] मिल चुकल बा। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleSinger}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1984 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:सिंगर]] [[श्रेणी:प्लेबैक सिंगर]] {{singer-stub}} eaoagikwlvozc64kncgeyadibngagah 0 64867 813974 722240 2026-11-06T13:00:33Z SM7Bot 7808 /* जिनगी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- For individuals; see Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | name = शारदा रंजन अय्यंगर | image = | alt = | caption = | image_size = | background = solo_singer | birth_name = शारदा अय्यंगर | alias = शारदा | birth_place = | birth_date = 25 अक्टूबर 1937 | origin = [[तमिलनाडु]], भारत | instrument = | genre = | occupation = [[प्लेबैक सिंगर|प्लेबैक गायिका]] | years_active = 1965 से 1986 | label = | associated_acts = | website = [http://www.titliudi.com/ www.titliudi.com] }} '''शारदा रंजन अय्यंगर''' (Sharda Rajan Iyengar; जनम 25 अक्टूबर 1937) एगो भारतीय [[प्लेबैक सिंगर|प्लेबैक गायिका]] रह चुकल बाड़ी जे १९६० आ १९७० के दशक में [[बॉलीवुड]] में गाना गावें। साल १९७१ में इनके बेस्ट गायिका के रूप में फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड भी मिलल रहल। ==जिनगी== हिनकर जनम [[तमिल नाडु]] कर एगो बाभन कुल मे भइल रहे। [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1937 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:सिंगर]] [[श्रेणी:प्लेबैक सिंगर]] {{Singer-stub}} 5ol4opb19odxck8e72l6zl2845jhxp1 0 64887 813973 805726 2026-11-06T13:00:30Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Mahakali River / Sharda River<br>महाकाली नदी / शारदा नदी | name_other = [[Kali River (Uttarakhand)|Kali River]] | image = Sharda or Mahakali River AJTJ P1020802.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Sharda River near Jauljibi | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Kalapani territory|Kalapani]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]] | source1_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|27|21|N|81|23|E|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|3600|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_location = [[Ghaghra River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27|39|N|81|17|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|115|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = Rises along [[Ganges]]-[[Yarlung Tsangpo]] watershed and flows south through [[Himalaya]], [[Lesser Himalaya]], [[Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal#Jogbudha Valley|Jogbudha Valley]], [[Shivalik Hills]] and [[Terai]], then SE across [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|plains]] to join [[Ghaghra River]]. | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = [[Nepal]] and [[India]] | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = [[Mahakali Zone]] in Nepal; [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India | length = {{convert|350|km|mi|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{plainlist| * {{convert|730|m3/s|abbr=on}} * March: {{convert|150|m3/s|abbr=on}} * July: {{convert|1,580|m3/s|abbr=on}} }} | basin_size = {{convert|18140|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | river_system = [[Ganges]] | tributaries_left = (Nepal) Chameliya, Ramgun | tributaries_right = (Uttarakhand) Kuti, [[Darma River|Dhauli]], [[Gori River|Gori]], [[Sarju River|Sarju]], Ladhiya }} '''काली''', '''महाकाली''' चाहे '''शारदा नदी''' [[नेपाल]] आ [[भारत]] में बहे वाली एगो प्रमुख नदी बा। ई [[गंगा]] थाला के नदी हवे आ नेपाल में एकरा के महाकाली आ [[उत्तराखंड]] में काली नदी कहल जाला। ई इनहन के बीचा में सीमा भी बनावे ले। नीचे आवे पर एकरा के शारदा के नाँव से जानल जाला। टनकपुर में बंधा बना के एकरा से नहर निकासल गइल बा जेके [[शारदा नहर]] कहल जाला। ==सोता== शारदा नदी के स्रोत पर इतिहास के माध्यम से बहुत बहस भइल बा। परंपरा के मानल ​​बा कि ई नदी कालापानी गाँव के लगे के झरना सभ के संग्रह से निकलल बा। अल्मोड़ा जिला गजेटियर में कहल गइल बा कि: :"भारतीय लोग द्वारा पबित्र मानल जाए वाला आ गलती से ई लोगन द्वारा काली नदी के स्रोत मानल जाए वाला झरना सभ के उल्लेखजोग झुंड बाटे, हालाँकि बाद वाला मुख्य धारा के हेडवाटर 30 मील अउरी उत्तर-पच्छिम में पड़े ला। ई झरना सभ वास्तव में महत्वहीन सहायक नदी हवें। 1911 के ब्रिटिश परिभाषा में, शारदा नदी दू गो हेडवाटर सभ के मिलन से बनल बा: कालापानी नदी जे लिपुलेख दर्रा से नीचे निकले ले आ कुठी यांक्ति नदी जे लिंपियाधुरा श्रेणी से नीचे उठे ले। लेकिन दुनो धारा के अलग-अलग मौका प "काली नदी" के नाम दिहल गइल बा। शारदा नदी उत्तराखंड के कुमाऊँ डिवीजन आ नेपाल के बीच के सीमा के रूप में "कालापानी कैम्पिंग ग्राउंड से कुछ नीचे" (30.217°N 80.904°E) से काम करे ले। लिपुलेख दर्रा के साथे-साथ लिंपयाधुरा दर्रा (या लिम्पिया दर्रा) उत्तराखंड के तिब्बत के सीमा पर बा। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{Waters of South Asia}} {{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}} [[श्रेणी:एशिया के इंटरनेशनल नदी]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के नदी]] {{river-stub}} cwd93yd8rgsezx6p4ktzcspwcictkp8 0 64962 814329 784653 2026-11-07T05:36:02Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other|सिवान (बहुअर्थी)}} '''सिवान अनुमंडल''' ({{Lang|en|Siwan sub-division}}) [[सिवान जिला]] के 2 अनुमंडल में से एगो (बिहार के 101 [[बिहार के अनुमंडल सभ|अनुमंडल]] में से एक) ह। सिवान अनुमंडल में सिवान जिला के 13 गो [[सामुदायिक विकास खंड|ब्लॉक]] शामिल बाटे।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.biharspider.com/resources/2563-Sub-Divisions-Siwan-District-Sub-Divisions.aspx |title= Sub-Divisions of Siwan District - Sub-Divisions in Bihar |date= |website= www.biharspider.com |publisher= |access-date= 18 June 2018 |archive-date= 26 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054648/http://www.biharspider.com/resources/2563-Sub-Divisions-Siwan-District-Sub-Divisions.aspx |url-status= dead }}</ref> अनुमंडल के कुल क्षेत्रफल {{convert|1536.18|km2|mi2}} बा आ कुल जनसंख्या 22,88,559 व्यक्ति बा। ==सिवान अनुमंडल के ब्लॉक== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! सावि खण्ड ! क्षेत्रफल (किमी²) ! जनसंख्या (2011) |- |[[आन्दर (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||120.41 ||110,027 |- |[[बड़हरिया (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]]||177.27 ||321,292 |- |[[दरौली (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]]||172.80 ||174,357 |- |[[गुठनी (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]]||91.70 ||128,155 |- |[[हसनपुरा (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]]|| 96.56||149,580 |- |[[हुसैनगंज (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||85.37 ||182,794 |- |[[मैरवा (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]]|| 69.17||113,499 |- |[[नौतन (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||65.39 ||90,714 |- |[[पंचरुखी (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||124.33 ||201,759 |- |[[रघुनाथपुर (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||156.03 ||157,694 |- |[[सिसवां (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||115.78 ||153,953 |- |[[सिवान (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||137.34 ||340,983 |- |[[जीरादेई (सामुदायिक विकास खंड)]] ||124.03 ||163,752 |} <ref>{{cite web |url= https://siwan.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/ |title= Sub-Division and Blocks of Siwan District |date= |website=www.siwan.nic.in |publisher= |access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistricts/blocks-siwan-district-bihar-218 |title= Blocks in Siwan district, Bihar - Census 2011 |date= |website= www.censusindia.co.in |publisher= |access-date= 26 June 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1016_PART_B_DCHB_SIWAN.pdf |title= DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK - Census of India |date= |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher= |access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==इहो देखल जाय== *[[बिहार के अनुमंडल सभ]] {{सिवान जिला}} [[श्रेणी:सिवान के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|सिवान के ब्लॉक]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|बिहार के ब्लॉक]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के अनुमंडल]] dlo0xrmsn35f5b07ee48ncakbi6pd2f 0 64972 813883 625763 2026-11-06T12:53:38Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = विलेज रॉकस्टार्स | image = Poster of Village Rockstars.jpg | caption = Official poster of Village Rockstars | director = [[रीमा दास]] | producer = Rima Das<br> Jaya Das | writer = Rima Das | starring = Bhanita Das<br>Manabendra Das | cinematography = Rima Das | editing = Rima Das | distributor = Flying River Flims | released = 2017 | runtime = 87 मिनट | country = भारत | language = असमिया }} '''''विलेज रॉकस्टार्स''''' एगो भारतीय, असमिया भाषा के फिलिम बा जे [[रीमा दास]] दुआरा लिखल, डाइरेक्ट कइल, प्रोड्यूस कइल आ एडिट कइल गइल फिलिम बा। [[रीमा दास]] खुदे सीखे वाली फिलिम निर्माता बाड़ी।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/who-is-rima-das/article23712435.ece |title=Who is Rima Das? |publisher=The Hindu |date= |accessdate=2018-09-23}}</ref> एह फिलिम के कई गो पुरस्कार आ अवार्ड मिल चुकल बा आ इहे एह फिलिम आ रीमा दास के परसिद्धि के कारन बा। हाल में आइल खबर के मोताबिक एह फिलिम के ''ऑस्कर 2019'' में भारत के ओर से शामिल होखे खातिर भेजल जाई।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/village-rockstars-india-official-entry-to-oscars-2019-5369369/ |title=‘Thank you Thank you Thank you!’: Rima Das on her Oscar nomination for Village Rockstars |publisher=The Indian Express |date= |accessdate=2018-09-23}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * {{imdb title|7297966|विलेज रॉकस्टार्स}} [[श्रेणी:असमिया भाषा के फिलिम]] [[श्रेणी:2017 के फिलिम]] 92q9eute7bv9yhk6vmur9z8xxh2saxh 0 65019 814328 739017 2026-11-07T05:36:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other|सिवान (बहुअर्थी)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = सिवान | native_name = | native_name_lang = hi | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[भारत के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|ब्लॉक]] | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = [[सिवान]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Bihar | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India | coordinates = {{coord|26.226207|N|84.345253|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[सिवान जिला|सिवान]] | subdivision_type3 = [[बिहार के अनुमंडल|अनुमंडल]] | subdivision_name3 = [[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = [[ब्लॉक (जिला उपबिभाग)|ब्लॉक]] | governing_body = सिवान ब्लॉक | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 137.34 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 340983 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]], [[उर्दू]], [[अंग्रेजी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|आइएसटी]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[डाक इंडेक्स नंबर|पिन]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 06157 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | blank1_info_sec1 = }} '''सिवान''' [[भारत]] के [[बिहार]] राज्य में अवस्थित [[सिवान जिला]] के एगो [[भारत के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|ब्लॉक]] ह। इ [[सिवान अनुमंडल]] के 13 गो ब्लॉक सभ में से एक ह। ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[सिवान जिला]] * [[सिवान अनुमंडल]] * [[सिवान]] शहर ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{सिवान जिला}} [[श्रेणी:सिवान के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|सिवान के ब्लॉक]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|बिहार के ब्लॉक]] 0wwhd25k1tbfa5ny2t1ratkqxkk4wdr 0 65033 814334 739024 2026-11-07T05:36:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सिसवाँ | native_name = | native_name_lang = hi | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[भारत के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|ब्लॉक]] | seat_type = मुख्यालय | seat = सिसवाँ (कस्बा) | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Bihar | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India | coordinates = <!---{{coord||||N||||E|display=inline,title}}---> | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{flag|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[सिवान जिला|सिवान]] | subdivision_type3 = [[बिहार के अनुमंडल|अनुमंडल]] | subdivision_name3 = [[सिवान अनुमंडल|सिवान]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = [[ब्लॉक (जिला उपबिभाग)|ब्लॉक]] | governing_body = सिसवाँ ब्लॉक | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 115.78 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 1,53,953 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]], [[उर्दू]], [[अंग्रेजी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|आइएसटी]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[डाक इंडेक्स नंबर|पिन]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | blank1_info_sec1 = }} '''सिसवाँ ''' [[भारत]] के [[बिहार]] राज्य में अवस्थित [[सिवान जिला]] के एगो [[भारत के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|ब्लॉक]] ह। इ [[सिवान अनुमंडल]] के 13 गो ब्लॉक सभ में से एक ह। ब्लॉक के कुल क्षेत्रफल {{convert|115.78|km2|mi2}} बा आ 2011 के जनगणना अनुसार कुल जनसंख्या 1,53,953 बा। ब्लॉक के मुख्यालय सिसवाँ (कस्बा) में स्थित बा। <ref>{{cite web |url= http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1016_PART_B_DCHB_SIWAN.pdf |title= DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK - Census of India |date= |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher= |access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref> ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[सिवान जिला]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist}} {{सिवान जिला}} [[श्रेणी:सिवान के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|सिवान के ब्लॉक]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|बिहार के ब्लॉक]] 5mbftzr7g0rre6ce5rdvi8ckcip1hsj 0 65321 814385 754073 2026-11-07T07:16:15Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814385 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:14-46-35-f-mutzig.jpg|thumb|सुरंग]] '''सुरंग''' (अंग्रेजी: टनल) [[जमीन]] के भीतर बनल रास्ता होला; [[माटी]] आ [[चट्टान]] के खन के बनावल ई रास्ता दुनों मुहाना पर खुले ला। ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[गोटहर्ड बेस सुरंग]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:सुरंग| ]] {{struct-stub}} pktfbr0iyyx2cn12t8p0xpo0b7mm480 0 65481 813879 785099 2026-11-06T12:53:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |name = William Nordhaus |birth_name=William Dawbney Nordhaus |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|5|31}} |birth_place = [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], [[New Mexico]], U.S. |education = [[Yale University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])}}<br>[[Sciences Po]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] {{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}} |awards = [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] {{small|(2017)}}<br>[[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] {{small|(2018)}} |field = [[Environmental economics]] |workplaces = [[Yale University]] |doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Solow]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.mit.edu/F/UXFX6KBF1AM54N11IRBBV1MCAFIA3254Y13U28E6VJR9QTEEJG-04333?func=find-acc&acc_sequence=002863929 |title=A theory of endogenous technological change. |access-date=2018-10-09 |archive-date=2020-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914231428/http://library.mit.edu/F/UXFX6KBF1AM54N11IRBBV1MCAFIA3254Y13U28E6VJR9QTEEJG-04333?func=find-acc&acc_sequence=002863929 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |influences = [[Paul Samuelson]]<br>[[James Tobin]] |influenced = [[Gary Yohe]] |repec_prefix = e |repec_id = pno115 |image=William Nordhaus EM1B6043 (46234132921).jpg|caption=विलियम नॉर्डहॉस (2018)}} '''विलियम नॉर्डहॉस''' (William Nordhaus; जनम 31 मई 1941) एगो अमेरिकी अर्थशास्त्री बाड़ें आ येल युनिवर्सिटी में स्टर्लिंग प्रोफ़ेसर बाड़ें। इनकरा के मुख्य रूप से आर्थिक मॉडलिंग खातिर आ [[जलवायु बदलाव]] से एकरा के जोड़े खातिर जानल-मानल जाला। इनके, [[पॉल रोमर]] के साथे संजुक्त रूप से, साल 2018 के नोबल पुरस्कार से सम्मानित कइल गइल बा।<ref>{{cite news | last = Appelbaum | first = Binyamin | title = 2018 Nobel in Economics Awarded to William Nordhaus and Paul Romer | newspaper = The New York Times | date = October 8, 2018 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/business/economic-science-nobel-prize.html}}</ref> नॉर्डहॉस "लांग टर्म मैक्रोइकोनामिक एनालिसिस के जलवायु बदलाव के साथे समन्वित करे खातिर" नोबल लौरियेट चुनल गइल बाने।<ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=अक्टूबर 8, 2018 |title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2018 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/10/press-economicsciences2018.pdf |publisher=Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:1941 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:अर्थशास्त्री]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:नोबल पुरस्कार सम्मानित लोग]] {{bio-stub}} 2xuk8ferjan1tuals8mq6a3wu0d7xbi 0 65525 814227 729089 2026-11-06T16:04:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814227 wikitext text/x-wiki सिंधी एगो हिन्द इंरानी भाषा बा जेकरा सिंध क्षेत्र में सिंध लोग बोलेला। ई [[पाकिस्तान]] के [[सिंध]] प्रांत के राज काज के भाषा ह आ भारत के संविधान के अठवा अनुशुची के भाषा ह। [[श्रेणी:भारत के भाषा]] {{Lang-stub}} kf6tf70oox6alyrlxi3zlj5x3w85pg1 0 65677 814264 813041 2026-11-06T17:37:12Z SM7 3953 Cleaning up syntax using [[:en:User:Zackmann08/scripts/indent|indent.js]] 814264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cinema market | name = मराठी सिनेमा | image = Metro-Cinema.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = [[Metro Big Cinemas]] in [[Mumbai]] | screens = Approx 500 in [[Maharashtra]] state of India.<ref>{{cite web|title=STATEWISE NUMBER OF SINGLE SCREENS|url=http://www.filmfed.org/singlescreen.html|publisher=Film Federation of India|accessdate=21 April 2014|archive-date=12 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912002530/http://filmfed.org/singlescreen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | screens_per_capita = | distributors = | produced_year = 2016 | produced_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.filmfed.org/IFF2016.html |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-date=2017-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406091159/http://www.filmfed.org/IFF2016.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | produced_total = 181 | produced_fictional = | produced_animated = | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = | admissions_ref = | admissions_total = | admissions_per_capita = | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2016 | box_office_ref = <ref>http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bollywood-biggies-turn-their-attention-to-marathi-cinema-116111900672_1.html</ref> | box_office_total = <!-- ${{Format price| }} --> | box_office_national = [[India]]: {{INRConvert|2000|c}}<!-- ${{Format price| }} --> }} '''मराठी सिनेमा''' अइसन फिल्मन के कहल जाला जवन [[मराठी भासा]] मे होखे ला। पहिलकी मराठी फिलिम 18 मई 1912 मे बनल ''श्री पुण्लिक'' रहे जेकरा दादासाहेब तोडने बनवले रहन।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://author.blogs.maharashtratimes.com/kokan/entry/द-द-स-ह-ब|title=पहिला मराठी फिलिम|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>। मराठी भाषा के पहिलका बोलत फिलिम [[अयोध्येचा राजा]] रहे जवन 1932 में निकलल रहे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prabhatfilm.com/films.htm|title=अयोध्येचा राजा|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722170023/http://www.prabhatfilm.com/films.htm|archive-date=2012-07-22|dead-url=|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref> भले [[हिंदी सिनेमा]] के सामने मराठी सिनेमा बेसी छोटहन लागेला बाकिर कर रहित होखला के चलते बड़़ी तेेेजी से आगे बढ़ऽता। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] {{film-stub}} bznqg9ctwukn5m4fa6z2oy4fxewvfmh 0 65775 814344 788933 2026-11-07T05:36:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox nebula |name = CG 4 |image = CG 4 by ESO.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption = यूरोपियन दक्खिनी बेधशाला के [[वेरी लार्ज टेलिस्कोप]] से खींचल फोटो।<ref name="ESO"/> |type = बॉक ग्लोब्यूल |epoch =जे2000 |ra = {{RA|07|34|09.0}}<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad |title=[DB2002b] G259.43-12.72 |accessdate=नवंबर 14, 2016}}</ref> |dec = {{DEC|-46|54|18}}<ref name="simbad" /> |dist_ly = 1,300 |dist_pc = 400 |constellation = [[पपिस]] |dimensions = {{convert|1.5|xx|8|ly|pc|abbr=on}} |names = {{nowrap|BHR 21}}, {{nowrap|DCld 259.4-12.7}}, {{nowrap|FEST 2-30}}, {{nowrap|Sandqvist 103}} }} '''सीजी 4''' जेकरा के आमतौर प '''''गॉड्स हैंड''''' के नाँव से जानल जाला<ref name="scinews20150128">{{cite news |url=http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-gods-hand-cometary-globule-cg4-02441.html |title=God's Hand: Astronomers Capture Cometary Globule CG4 |work=Sci-News |date=जनवरी 28, 2015 |accessdate=जनवरी 31, 2015}}</ref>, एगो तारा-निर्माण इलाका हवे। ई आकास में पपिस तारामंडल में देख्लाई पड़े ला आ पृथिवी से करीबन {{convert|1300|ly|pc}} के दूरी पर बा।<ref name="noao-im1000">{{cite web |url=https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1000.html |title=Cometary Globule CG4 |publisher=National Optical Astronomy Observatory |accessdate=जनवरी 31, 2015 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201221444/http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1000.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:खगोलिकी]] {{astronomy-stub}} 524p2270zabhuxaojnh43vopcpkynxd 0 65782 814130 633485 2026-11-06T15:51:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hindu temple |country = India |state = [[केरल]] |district = [[Pathanamthitta]] |locale = Perunad | image = Sabarimala_2.jpg | alt = | caption = Sabarimala Shreekovil | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Kerala | map_type = India Kerala | pushpin_label_position = left | map_type_alt = | map_type_caption = |coordinates = {{coord|9.4375|N|77.0805|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 480 | deity = [[Dharmasasta]] as [[Ayyappa]] |festivals = [[Makaravilakku]] |architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala#Elements and features of Kerala Temple|Kerala Temple]] architecture |temple_quantity = 4 |year_completed = Before 12th century AD | website = {{URL|http://www.sabarimala.kerala.gov.in}} }} '''सबरीमला मंदिर''' भारतीय राज्य [[केरल]] में मौजूद पेरियार टाइगर रिजर्व में एगो हिंदू मंदिर बा। ई हिंदू धर्म के कुछ सभसे पबित्र मंदिर सभ में से एक मानल जाला। इहाँ तीर्थजतरा करे आवे वाला लोग के सालाना संख्या दुनिया में सबसे ढेर बा आ अनुमान बा कि लगभग 1.7 करोड़ से ले के 3 करोड़ लोग हर साल इहाँ आवे ला। कुछ अनुमान सभ के मोताबिक ई संख्या 5 करोड़ (50 मिलियन) तक भी बतावल जाले।मंदिर के मुख्य देवता भगवान अय्यपन हवें जिनके मान्यता अनुसार [[शिव]] आ [[विष्णु]] के बेटा बतावल जाला। सबरीमला में शैव, वैष्णव, शाक्त आ अउरी श्रमण परंपरा सभ के मेरवन आ आपसी सामंजस्य देखे के मिले ला। मुख्य मंदिर एगो पहाड़ी के चोटी पर बनल बा आ एकरे चारों ओर अठारह गो पहाड़ी बाड़ी सऽ। इनहनों पर मंदिर बनल बाड़ें आ अउरी बिबिध कथा से जुड़ल मंदिर भी आसपास बाने। मंदिर आम जनता के दर्शन खाती साल में तीन गो अवसर पर खुले ला — मंडलपूजा, मकर संक्रांति आ मेष संक्रांति पर। परंपरा अनुसार मंदिर में औरतन के परबेस बर्जित हवे, हालाँकि, छोट उमिर के लइकी आ बृद्धा औरत लोग के जाए दिहल जाला। केरल हाईकोर्ट अपना एगो फैसला में एह परंपरा के अइसहीं राखे के निर्णय दिहले रहल जबकि साल 2018 में भारत के सुप्रीम कोर्ट औरतन के मंदिर जाए देवे से मनाही के असंबैधानिक आ बिभेदकारी मानल। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:केरल]] [[श्रेणी:मंदिर]] {{reli-struct-stub}} esbjdtlkspxl6bu9ems04pjo7flm0oq 0 65850 814197 765066 2026-11-06T15:57:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Women and Child in Saree.jpg|thumb|alt=कुर्सी पर बइठल एगो औरत आ बैग में खड़ा लइकी|एगो लइकी आ एगो मेहरारू मराठी साड़ी मे]] '''साड़ी''' चाहे '''लूगा''' [[औरत|मेहरारू]] लोग के पहिने वला एगो भारतीय [[पहिनावा|लिबास]] हऽ, जवन कि पाँच से नव गज ले लमहर [[कपड़ा]] के एगो पट्टी होखेला आ होकर चऊड़ाई दू से चार फीट ले होखेला। लूगा बनावे के ढेर तरीका होखेलऽ सन जेहमे नीवी तरीका सभसे बेसी इस्तेमाल होखेला, ई तरीका भारत के दक्कन ईलाका मे जन्मल बा। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[बनारसी साड़ी]] [[श्रेणी:पहिनावा]] [[श्रेणी:साड़ी| ]] {{Clothing-stub}} sigthbdinu4z0qtmpo7abqk3jtvxgsd 10 66635 814303 644667 2026-09-11T13:17:51Z en>Issan Sumisu 0 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1374308905|1374308905]] by [[Special:Contributions/A826|A826]] ([[User talk:A826|talk]]) wrong language 814303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vevent | above = {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | abovestyle = text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;color:inherit; | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|upright={{{image_upright|1}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | headerstyle = padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; font-weight: bold; |header1 = {{#if:{{{commons|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{commons|}}}|yes| [[file: Ic camera alt 48px.svg|20px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=]] [[commons:Category:{{PAGENAME}}|''Additional media'']]}}}} | label2 = Branch | data2 = {{{branch|}}} | label3 = Years active | data3 = {{{yearsactive|}}} | label4 = Location | data4 = {{{location|{{{country|}}}}}} | label5 = Major figures | data5 = {{{majorfigures|}}} | label6 = Notable works | data6 = {{{films|}}} | label7 = Influences | data7 = {{{influences|}}} | label8 = Influenced | data8 = {{{influenced|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox art movement with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox art movement]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | branch | caption | commons | country | image | image_upright | influenced | influences | films | location | majorfigures | name | yearsactive }} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> cql49bovrx6ing3r8hlewshskmm3oc6 814304 814303 2026-11-07T04:42:04Z SM7 3953 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_art_movement]] 814303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vevent | above = 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movement with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox art movement]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | branch | caption | commons | country | image | image_upright | influenced | influences | films | location | majorfigures | name | yearsactive }} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> cql49bovrx6ing3r8hlewshskmm3oc6 0 66854 814071 752875 2026-11-06T13:44:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संस्कृत साहित्य''' [[संस्कृत भाषा]] में रचल साहित्य हऽ। ईसा पूर्व 2सरी सहस्राब्दी के बाद के समस्त रचना जे एह भाषा में रचल गइल संस्कृत साहित्य के हिस्सा हवे आ पुराना समय में ई रचना सभ सैकड़न सालन ले जबानी इयाद कइल आ सिखावल जाय आ एही तरे मौखिक परंपरा में सहेजल गइल रहे जबतक ले कि ई लिखल ना गइल। एह रचना सभ में प्राचीन भारत में रचल धार्मिक साहित्य प्रमुख बा जेह में हिंदू, बौद्ध आ जैन धर्म के साहित्य सामिल बा। धार्मिक साहित्य के अलावा भरपूर मात्रा में दर्शन, गणित आ अउरी बिज्ञान वगैरह के रचना भी संस्कृत भाषा में रचल गइल जे एह साहित्य के हिस्सा बा। प्राचीन भारत (मने कि आज के समय के [[दक्खिन एशिया]] चाहे [[भारतीय उपमहादीप]]) के सीमा के भीतरे भर ना बलुक एह भाषा में पूरबी एशिया, दक्खिन-पूरबी एशिया आ मध्य एशियाई इलाका में भी रचना भइल आ एह तरीका से संस्कृत साहित्य के रचना के भूगोलीय आ इतिहासी दुनों किसिम के बिस्तार ब्यापक रहल बा। हालाँकि, संस्कृत भषा में रचल पुराना समय के सगरी बिसय के रचना आ ग्रंथ सभ के एह साहित्य के अंतर्गत रखल जाला, बाद के समय में एह श्रेणी में शुद्ध रूप से [[साहित्य|साहित्यिक]] रचना सभके रखल जाला आ संस्कृत भाषा के सीमित प्रचलन के बावजूद, एह भाषा में अभिन ले साहित्य के रचना हो रहल बा आ ई सगरी संस्कृत साहित्य के हिस्सा हवे। {{clear}} <!-- == बाहरी कड़ी == * []--> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत साहित्य| ]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय साहित्य]] [[श्रेणी:एशियाई साहित्य]] {{lit-stub}} rclrtmb2ay3m72h40f9nkvf160n4eh8 0 66870 813867 698110 2026-11-06T12:52:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विनय पाठक | image = Vinay_Pathak_Audio_release_of_'Maximum'_04_(cropped).jpg | caption = विनय पाठक | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|07|27|df=yes}} | birth_place= [[आरा]], [[बिहार]], [[भारत]] | occupation = [[एक्टर]], प्रोड्यूसर | yearsactive= 1996–अबतक | children = वसुधा पाठक <br> श्रीनि पाठक | spouse = {{Marriage|सोनिका सहाय|2006}} }} '''विनय पाठक''' (जनम 27 जुलाई 1968) एगो भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर बाने। पाठक भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य से आवे लें आ मुख्य रूप से [[हिंदी सिनेमा]] में अपना काम खातिर जानल जालें। कई फिलिम में ई लीड रोल में भी बाड़ें जबकि कई सारा फिलिम में इनके सहायक भूमिका रहल बा आ इनके लीक से हट के आ कॉमेडी फिलिम सभ खाती बिसेस रूप से जानल जाला। ==जिनगी== विनय पाठक के जनम बिहार राज्य के भोजपुर जिला में भइल। इनके पढ़ाई राँची शहर में भइल जे अब झारखंड राज्य में बा। ग्रेजुएशन के पढ़ाई ई [[इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय]] से कइलें। ==कैरियर== पाठक के एक्टिंग कैरियर के शुरूआत 1997 में टीवी शो में एक्टिंग से शुरू भइल आ इनके पहिली फिलिम 1998 में ''बोंबे ब्वायज'' रहे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:1968 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के मरदाना एक्टर लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय पुरुष फिलिम एक्टर]] {{actor-stub}} arewqgg06uxl7u9csghjysd5ahn7xf6 0 66886 814006 789360 2026-11-06T13:03:12Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Shujaat Husain Khan | image = Shujaat Khan i0601c2.jpg | caption = Shujaat Khan performing in 2025 | image_size = | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|5|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] | death_date = | instrument = ''[[sitar]]'' | genre = [[Hindustani classical music]] | occupation = [[composer]], [[musician]] | years_active = 1972–present | label = | associated_acts = | website = [http://shujaatkhan.com/ shujaatkhan.com] }} '''शुजात हुसैन ख़ान''' (19 मई 1960) एगो भारतीय [[सितार]] बजवइया आ गायक बाड़ें। ई इमदादख़ानी घराना के संगीतकार हवें आ गायकी अंग के सितार बजावे लें जेह में सितार के माध्यम से मानवीय आवाज आ गायकी के उतारे के कोसिस होला। साथे-साथ ई ख़ुद गायनो करे लें। इनका कई गो एल्बम रिकार्ड हो चुकल बाड़ें। एक बेर इनका के ग्रेमी अवार्ड खाती भी नामांकित कइल जा चुकल बा जेह में ई ईरानी संगीतकार के साथे संजुक्त रूप से नामांकित रहलें। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1960 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय गायक]] {{singer-stub}} f1djxupyomf7dgdikgd7e9q9v8i9nr9 0 67008 814153 763153 2026-11-06T15:53:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|13|35|S|172|20|W|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = इंडिपेंडेंट स्टेट ऑफ समोआ | common_name = समोआ | image_map = Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg | image_map2 = Samoa - Location Map (2013) - WSM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[एपिया]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|50|S|171|45|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | area_km2 = 2,842 | area_rank = 167th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 1097 | percent_water = 0.3 | population_census = 195,843<ref name=census2016>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbs.gov.ws/index.php/population-demography-and-vital-statistics |title=Population & Demography Indicator Summary |publisher=Samoa Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=25 June 2018 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403053500/http://www.sbs.gov.ws/index.php/population-demography-and-vital-statistics |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_census_year = November 2016 | population_density_km2 = 68 | population_density_sq_mi = 175 | GDP_PPP = $1.188 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=2&sy=2018&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=862&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Samoa |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | currency_code = WST | time_zone = UTC+13:00 | utc_offset = +13 }} '''समोआ''', जेकर पूरा नाँव '''इंडिपेंडेंट स्टेट ऑफ समोआ''' बा, [[प्रशांत महासागर]] में पॉलीनेशिया के हिस्सा के रूप में एगो दीपीय देस बा। पहिले ई '''पच्छिमी समोआ''' के नाँव से जानल जाय आ 1962 में [[न्यूजीलैंड]] से आजाद भइल। एकरा के आ [[अमेरिकी समोआ]] के मिला के एक साथे "नैविगेटर्स आइलैंड" के नाँव से जानल जाय। एह देस में दू गो मुख्य दीप बाने उपोलु आ सवाई। एकर राजधानी अपिया बाटे जे उपोलु दीप पर हवे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:प्रशांत महासागर]] [[श्रेणी:यूनाइटेड नेशंस के सदस्य देस]] {{geo-stub}} o4qwcykl1ftn7q7xv7bpe47j932m5eq 0 67495 813876 763733 2026-11-06T12:53:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = विलायत ख़ाँ | image = Vilayat Khan 2014 stampsheet of India cr.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Vilayat Khan on a 2014 stamp sheet of India | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | birth_name = विलायत ख़ाँ | alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|8|28|df=y}} | birth_place = गौरीपुर, मैमनसिंह; पुरबी बंगाल] (अब [[बंगलादेश]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|2004|03|13|1928|08|28|df=y}}<ref name=TheHindu/> | death_place = | genre = [[हिंदुस्तानी शात्रीय संगीत]] | occupation = [[सितार|सितार बजवइया]] | years_active = 1939–2004 | instrument = [[सितार]] }} '''उस्ताद विलायत ख़ाँ''' (28 अगस्त 1928{{ref|birthdate}} – 13 मार्च 2004) हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत के सितार बजवइया रहलें।<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|title=No Compromise in his Art- an interview with Vilayat Khan|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/03/28/stories/2004032800460500.htm|newspaper=The Hindu newspaper|date=28 मार्च 2004|accessdate=7 अप्रैल 2017|archive-date=2004-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628134141/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/03/28/stories/2004032800460500.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=KavitaChibberInterview>{{cite news|title=Ustad Imrat Khan – Light and Shadows|url=http://www.kavitachhibber.com/main/main.jsp?id=imrat_khan|access-date=2019-01-08|archive-date=2017-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052642/http://www.kavitachhibber.com/main/main.jsp?id=imrat_khan|url-status=dead}}</ref> ई इमदादखानी घराना (इटावा घराना) के सितार बजवइया रहलें। [[इमदाद ख़ाँ]], [[इनायत ख़ाँ]] आ [[इमरत ख़ाँ]] के साथे इनका के गायकी अंग के सितार के बिकसित करे वाला लोग में गिनल जाला जेह में सितार के बजाई अइसन होखे ला कि गायकी के आभास होला। इनके संतान [[शुजात ख़ान]] आ हिदायत ख़ाँ एही बिधा में निपुण ह लोग। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:1928 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2004 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:संगीतकार]] iim8m7enshg3y091e5jigqies27dco7 0 67503 813893 799769 2026-11-06T12:54:52Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813893 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Pine Creek Gorge, Tioga County, as seen from the West Rim Trail.jpg|thumb|पाइन क्रीक गॉर्ज, [[पेन्सिल्वेनिया]], ([[अमेरिका|यूएसए]]), वी-आकार के घाटी के उदाहरन]] '''वी-आकार के घाटी''' ({{Langx|en|V-shaped valley}}) अइसन [[नदी घाटी]] होले जेकर आकृति (शेप) अंग्रेजी अक्षर 'वी' (V) नियन होला। वी-आकार के घाटी हमेशा [[नदी]] से होखे वाला कटाव (इरोजन) से बने लीं। अइसन घाटी मुख्य रूप से माझिल ऊँचाई वाला परबत आ ऊँच पहाड़ी इलाका सभ में पावल जाली। कई बेर एह घाटियन के तली वाला हिस्सा एतना सँकरा भा सकेत होखे ला कि इनहन के सकेत घाटी ([[गॉर्ज]]) के कटेगरी में रखल जा सकेला। वी-आकार के घाटी के निर्माण तब होखेला, जब नदी द्वारा वर्टिकल कटाव बहुत तेजी से होखे आ एकरे साथे घाटी के ढालन पर अनाच्छादन (डेन्यूडेशन) के प्रक्रिया लगातार चलत रहे; मने कि दुनो साइड के ढाल पर के मलबा लगातार हटत रहे। सगरी वी-आकार के घाटी नदी घाटी होखे लीं; हालाँकि, सगरी नदी घाटी वी-आकार के घाटी होखें ई जरूरी नइखे। नदी घाटी, [[गॉर्ज]] भा [[कैनियन|कैनियनो]] के रूप में हो सके लीं जिनहन के आकृति "आई-आकार" के हो सके ला। इनहन के बिपरीत [[ग्लेशियर]] से होखे वाला कटाव के चलते हमेशा [[यू-आकार के घाटी]] बने लीं; हालाँकि, अइसनो हो सके ला कि कवनो ग्लेशियर से बनल घाटी के निचला हिस्सा यू-आकार के होखे आ ऊपरी हिस्सा वी-आकार के होखे।{{sfn|डेविस|1900|p=154}}{{efn|समय के साथे V-आकार के घाटी एगो [[U-आकार के घाटी]] में बदल सके ले आ एकरे उल्टा U-आकार के घाटी बदल के V-आकार के घाटी के रूप ले सके ले{{sfn|Murthy|2024|pp=28-30}}}} घाटी के दुनों साइड के ढाल एकही नियन ना होखे लें। मने की दुनो ओर के ढाल में परफेक्ट सिमेट्री ना मिले ला; ऊ मिरर इमेज नियन ना होलें। एकरा के असिमेट्रिक ढाल कहल जाला आ ई बहुत आम घटना हवे। ढाल के ई असिमेट्री दुनों ओर के एक दुसरे के बिपरीत (अपोजिट) ढाल के लोकल जलवायु के दसा आ डिन्यूडेशन के प्रॉसेस के अलग-अलग दर से घटित होखे के चलते होला।{{sfn|Wohl|2013|p=43}} ==संदर्भ आ फुटनोट== ===फुटनोट=== {{notelist}} ===किताबी संदर्भ=== {{reflist|30em}} === किताब आ ग्रंथ === {{refbegin|30em}} *<!-- {{sfn|डेविस|1900|p=154}} --> {{cite book |last=डेविस |first=विलियम मॉरिस |title=Glacial Erosion in the Valley of the Ticino |publisher=Appalachian Mountain Club |date=1900 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=x5ctAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&dq=V-shaped%2520valley&pg=PA154#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=13 July 2026}} *<!-- {{sfn|Murthy|2024|pp=28-30}} --> {{cite book |last=Murthy |first=P. S. N. |title=Methods of Mining Geology and Estimation of Ore Reserves |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |date=31 December 2024 |isbn=978-1-0364-1353-8 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6CE-EQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&lpg=PA29&dq=V-shaped%2520valley&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=13 July 2026}} *<!-- {{sfn|Wohl|2013|p=43}} --> {{cite book |last=Wohl |first=Ellen E. |title=Mountain Rivers |publisher=American Geophysical Union |date=2013 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UNv_J3cyL24C&newbks=0&lpg=PA43&dq=valley%2520slope&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=13 July 2026}} {{refend}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commonscat|V-shaped valleys|वी-आकार के घाटी}} * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6jx382/revision/1 V-shaped valleys], Formation of erosional and depositional features in river landscapes, bbc.co.uk {{River morphology}} [[श्रेणी:नदी घाटी]] [[श्रेणी:घाटी]] {{topography-stub}} c25xkaqwn42t03so935fwx9ue5axho9 0 67673 814046 651226 2026-11-06T13:06:13Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses|संगम (बहुअर्थी)}} [[चित्र:South India in Sangam Period.jpg|380px|thumb|alt=दखिन भारत के नक्शा के ऊपर तमिल बोले वाला प्राचीन क्षेत्र|[[तमिलक्कम]], संगम काल में दक्खिनी भारत के एकदम दक्खिनी माथ पर स्थित रहल। एकरे शासक लोग में चेर, चोल आ पांड्य बंस के राजा लोग रहल।]] '''संगम काल''' चाहे '''संगम युग''', [[भारत]] के प्राचीन इतिहास के कालखंड हवे जेह में वर्तमान [[तमिलनाडु]] आ [[केरल]] वाला क्षेत्र के पुरान इतिहास, लगभग 5वीं सदी ईसापूर्ब से 3सरी सदी ईसवी ले के इतिहास आवे ला। एह काल के नाँव [[संगम साहित्य]] के नाँव पर रखल गइल हवे। ई संगम के अरथ पुरानी [[तमिल भाषा]] में कबिता करे वाला कबी लोग के समूह के रूप में लिहल जाला जे लोग ओज जमाना में मदुरै नगर में स्थित रहल। ओह समय के तमिल भाषा बोले वाला इलाका में आज के तमिलनाडु, केरल, महाराष्ट्र के कुछ हिस्सा, कर्नाटक के कुछ हिस्सा, आंध्र के कुछ हिस्सा आ उत्तर श्रीलंका (ओह जमाना के ''ईलम'') सामिल बा। एह इलाका के नाँव (तमिलऽक्कम, {{Lang-ta|தமிழகம்}}) हवे। == समय == संगम युग के बिस्तार कब से कबतक ले रहल एह बारे में बिद्वान लोग एकमत नइखे। कुछ प्रमुख बिद्वान लोग के मत एह मामिला में नीचे दिहल जात बा: * 500 ईपू से 500 ईसवी — ई मत श्रीनिवास अय्यंगर के हवे।{{sfn|P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar|2001|p=153}} बी आर रामचंद्र दीक्षितार एह मत के बाद में समर्थन कइलें। परंपरा अनुसार एही मत के सभसे ढेर मान्यता बाटे। * 500 ईपू से 300 ईसवी — प्रो. नीलकंठ शास्त्री के मत हवे। * 300 ईपू से 300 ईसवी — एन सुब्रमण्यम अय्यर के मत हवे। * 300 ईसवी से 500 ईसवी — एस वैयप्पुरी पिल्लई के मत हवे। * 300 ईसवी से 600 ईसवी — प्रो. रामशरण शर्मा के मत हवे। == तीन गो संगम == === पहिला संगम === पहिला संगम के केंद्र मदुरा शहर रहल आ एकर अध्यक्ष अगस्त्य ऋषि चाहे अगत्तियार रहलें। एह संगम के कवनों ग्रंथ अब ना मिले लें हालाँकि, बतावल जाला कि अगस्त रिसी अक्टय नाँव के ग्रंथ के रचना कइले रहलें। परंपरा के अनुसार एह संगम के 4400 साल ले चले वाला बतावल जाला। === दुसरा संगम === एह संगम के केंद्र कपाटपुरम चाहे अल्वई रहल। पहिले अगस्त्य आ बाद में तोल्कप्पिय्यर एकर अध्यक्षता कइलें। एह संगम के एकलौता ग्रंथ तमिल के ब्याकरण ''तोलकप्पियम'' मौजूद बा। === तिसरहा संगम === एकर केंद्र उत्तर मदुरा रहल। एकर अध्यक्षता नक्कीकर रहलें। एह संगम के पांड्य राजा लोग के संरक्षण मिलल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == संदर्भ ग्रंथ == {{refbegin}} <!-- {{sfn|P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar|2001|p=}}--> * {{cite book|ref=harv|author=P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar|title=History of the Tamils: From the Earliest Times to 600 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERq-OCn2cloC&pg=PA153|year=2001|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0145-1}} {{refend}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Wikisource|Translation:Tolkappiyam}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु के इतिहास]] {{india-hist-stub}} truvkte3h3x5gff0jgktj6qn5dznv6m 0 67757 814045 650814 2026-11-06T13:06:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संगम''' शब्द के नीचे दिहल कई अरथ हो सके लें: * '''[[संगम]]''' – जहाँ दू गो [[नदी]] मिलें। * '''[[त्रिवेणी संगम|त्रिवेणी संगम, इलाहाबाद]]''' – [[इलाहाबाद]] में [[गंगा]] आ [[यमुना]] नदी के [[संगम]]। एहिजा [[कुंभ मेला]] लागे ला। * '''[[संगम साहित्य]]''' – तमिल भाषा के प्राचीन साहित्य। * '''[[संगम काल]]''' – दक्खिन भारत के इतिहास में एगो कालखंड। * '''[[संगम (फिलिम)]]''' – राजकपूर के एगो फिलिम। {{बहुअर्थी}} czbfi93pybqo00d6hj7v59alk4blm5o 0 67787 813728 711425 2026-11-06T12:06:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वराही''' भारतीय राज्य कर्नाटक में बहे वाली एगो नदी बा जे पच्छिमी घाट के पच्छिमी ढाल पर बहे ले आ अरब सागर में गिरे ले। निचला हिस्सा में एकरा के '''हलादी नदी''' भी कहल जाला। नदी के परसिद्धि के कारन एकरे रस्ता में बने वाला [[कुंचिकल झरना]] बा जे {{convert|455|m|ft}} ऊँच बाटे। नदी नीचे उतर के कई गो अउरी छोट-छोट नदी सभ के पानी बहावे ले आ ई इलाका पंचगंगानद के नाँव से जानल जाला। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[कुंचिकल झरना]] * [[शिमोगा जिला]] ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:शिमोगा जिला]] [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के भूगोल]] {{river-stub}} bpnl4druhly1zs64wxwegm629t28tag 0 67989 814200 653020 2026-11-06T15:57:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सापेक्षता के सिद्धांत''' [[अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन|आइंस्टीन]] के दिहल दुगो सिद्धांत: [[बिशेस सापेक्षता]] आ [[सधारन सापेक्षता]] के एक्के जोरे कहल जाला।<ref>{{Citation |author=Einstein A. |date=1916 |type=Translation 1920 |title=Relativity: The Special and General Theory|publisher=H. Holt and Company|location=New York|title-link=s:Relativity: The Special and General Theory }}</ref> बिशेस सापेक्षता [[मौलिक कन]] जोरे लागेला आ गुरुत्वाकर्षण के छोड़ के सभ घटना के बायाख्या कई दिहेला। सधारन सापेक्षता खगोलीय कण जोरे लागेला जेहमे गरह, तरई आ सूरूज आवेला। ई सिद्धांत बिसे बरिस मे २०० बरिस पुरान भौतिक शास्त्र के बदल दिहलस।<ref name=relativity/><ref name=spacetime/><ref name=fitz-loren/> ई [[काल-अवकाश]] के बात कइलस आ भौतिक के क्षेत्र में [[मौलिक कन]] के बिज्ञान के सुधार दिहलस। ==बिकास आउर स्वीकृति== [[अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन]] १९०५ में [[बिशेस सापेक्षता]] परकासित कइलें जेहमे कय गो सैद्धांतिक खोज आ [[अल्बर्ट अब्राहम मइकेलसन]], [[हेंड्रिक लोरेंज]], [[हेनरी प्वाइंकेयर]] आ बाकी सभ के प्रयोग सिद्ध खोज रहे। हेकरा प आगे के काज [[मैक्स प्लैंक]] आ [[हर्मन मिंकोवस्की]] कईलें। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Physics-stub}} gowwev50op3u2h187xlgu45j7qkayp9 0 67992 814120 651467 2026-11-06T15:49:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सधारन सापेक्षता''' [[अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन|आइंस्टीन]] के दिहल एगो सिद्धांत हवेे जवन की 1915 मे परकासित भइल रहे। {{Physics-stub}} l68ng0zuas5zzsh7qpnfu3njmep3hnv 0 68148 814050 763744 2026-11-06T13:41:35Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | country = Nepal | name = Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal | native_name = '''संघीय समाजवादी फोरम, नेपाल''' | logo = | abbreviation = FSFN | colorcode = #FFC0CB | general_secretary = राम सहाय यादव | chairperson = [[उपेन्द्र यादव]]<br>राजेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ | foundation = {{start date and age|2015|06|15|df=y}} | merger = [[मधेसी जन अधिकार फोरम, नेपाल]] <br>[[Federal Socialist Party|Federal Socialist Party Nepal]]<br>Khas Samabeshi Party | headquarters = तिनकुने, [[काठमांडु]], [[नेपाल]] | ideology = [[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]] <br> [[धर्मनिरपेक्षता]] <br> [[प्रगतिवाद]] <br> [[जातीय संघीयता]] | position = [[Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing]] | wing2_title = Student Wing | wing2 = Socialist Student's Forum | youth_wing = Federal Youth Union<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://youthpoliticsnepal.org/?page_id=38 |title=आर्काइव कॉपी के बा |access-date=2019-02-23 |archive-date=2019-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318050830/http://youthpoliticsnepal.org/?page_id=38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | wing3_title = Women's Wing | wing3 = Federal Socialist Women's Forum | wing4_title = Teacher's Wing | wing4 = Federal Nepal Teacher's Union | seats1_title = Seats in [[नेपाल के प्रतिनिधि सभा|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] | seats1 = {{Composition bar|16|275|hex=#FFC0CB}} | seats2_title = Seats in [[नेपाल के राष्ट्रिय सभा|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] | seats2 = {{Composition bar|2|59|hex=#FFC0CB}} | website = {{Url|http://federalsocialist.org}} | symbol = [[File:FSFN.png|70px]] | flag = [[File:Flag of the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal.png|200px]] }} '''संघीय समाजबादी फोरम, नेपाल''' Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal नेपाल के एक राजनीतिक दल हवे। व्यक्तिके आधारभूत आवश्यकता सभ पुरा करेके, लैगिक समानता कायम करेके, स्वतन्त्रता, राष्ट्रियता आ सामाजिक न्याय प्राप्त करेके मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम नेपालका मुख्य उद्देश्य बा।[http://election.ujyaaloonline.com/np/politicalparties/17/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE,-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132423/http://election.ujyaaloonline.com/np/politicalparties/17/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE,-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/1 |date=2016-03-04 }}। यी पार्टी के अध्यक्ष [[उपेन्द्र यादव]] ह। ==इतिहास== मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम के जन्म गैरसरकारी संस्थाके रुपमे 2054 सालमा भेल रहे। 2054 सालमे [[उपेन्द्र यादव]]के नेत्तृवमे [[विराटनगर]]मे भेल विभिन्न क्षेत्रक व्यक्तित्व सभ के मिटिंग मे नेपाल के सामाजिक, आर्थिक आ राजनीतिक समस्या मुख्य समस्या रहल कहके सचेत करेवाला कार्यक्रम करेके निष्कर्ष निकालके। वो मिटिंग से उपेन्द्र यादव के नेतृत्व मे मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम नेपाल के जन्म भइल। फोरम के 2060 सालमे विराटनगरमे भेल पहिल महाधिवेशन से नेपाल मे राजतन्त्रके विरोधमे आन्दोलन करेके निर्णय कइला के बाद 2062 साल चैतमा शुरु भेल आन्दोलन मे सफलता पावने रहे तेकर बाद 2063 साल माघ 2 गते मधेश आन्दोलन के शुरुवात करे लागल। आन्दोलन मे उठावल आठ गो माग मे मधेश स्वायत्व राज्यके माग सहित तत्कालिन प्रधानमन्त्री [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] नेतृत्वके सरकार साथ 2064 साल फागुन 16 गते आठ गो points पर सहमति कराबे मे सफल भइल। मधेस आन्दोलन के मुख्य उपलब्धि कहि त अन्तरिम संविधान मे संघीयता कहेवाला शब्द प्रवेश पवने ह। जेसकर मुख्य जस मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम नेपाल के अध्यक्ष उपेन्द्र यादव के जाला। 2054 साल के संविधानसभा चुनाव पहिले फोरम एगो राजनीतिक दल के रुप मे [[निर्वाचन आयोग, नेपाल]] मे दर्ता भेल रहे।<ref>http://www.election.gov.np/election/np/links-to-party-websites-94.html</ref> वो चुनाव मे प्रत्यक्ष तर्फ 30 आ समानुपातिक तर्फ 22 करके जमा 52 सिट मे जित हासिल कइके संविधानसभा के चौथा बड्का दल बनल। फोरम समानुपातिक तर्फ 6 लाख 78 हजार 3 सौ 27 मत प्राप्त कइने रहे। इ जमा खसल मतके 6 दशमलव 32 प्रतिशत रहे। लेकिन इ पाटी बहुत समय तक चौथा बडहन शक्तिके रुपमे नै खे टिकअ सकल। 2066 सालमे पुष्पकमल दाहाल प्रचण्ड नेतृत्व के सरकारमे परवेश करब कि सरकार से बाहर रहब कहैबाला विषय पर मनमुटाव भेलापर पार्टी विभाजन होके फोरम के दोसर नेता विजय कुमार गच्छदारके नेतृत्व मे मधेशी जनअधिकार फोरम, नेपाल (लोकतान्त्रिक) पार्टी बनल।[http://election.ujyaaloonline.com/np/politicalparties/17/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE,-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132423/http://election.ujyaaloonline.com/np/politicalparties/17/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE,-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/1 |date=2016-03-04 }} यी पार्टी पुनः विभाजन होके मधेशी जन अधिकार फोरम, नेपाल (गणतान्त्रिक) आ मधेशी जन अधिकार फोरम मधेश बनल ह, फलस्वरूप 2070 साल के संविधानसभा चुनाव मे यी पार्टी सातवॉ पार्टी बन गइल जे मे दु गो सिट प्रत्यक्ष आ आठ गो सिट समानुपातिक मे जीत हासिल कइने ह। यी पार्टी [[संविधानसभा चुनाव 2070|संविधान सभा चुनाव 2070]]मे [[पहिले होवेवाला चुनाव मे जीतेवाला|प्रत्यक्ष]] तर्फ कुल 206,110 मत प्राप्त कइने रहे आ समानुपातिक तर्फ 214,319 मत प्राप्त कइने रहे।<ref name=ele02>{{cite web|title=संविधान सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन, 2070 समानुपातिक निर्वाचनके मत गणनाके अन्तिम परिणाम|url=http://election.gov.np/CA2070/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu1=2&rand=1386653541|work=निर्वाचन आयोग|accessdate=23 फरवरी 2019}}</ref> cmdwpdfxua8l4w4nq6kk501aoc2tem1 0 68253 814228 805808 2026-11-06T16:04:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Indus River basin map.svg|thumb|240px|alt=सिंधु नदी के थाला|सिंधु नदी के थाला के नक्सा।]] '''सिंधु जल संधि''' पानी के बँटवारा खातिर [[भारत]] आ [[पाकिस्तान]] के बीच भइल एगो दू पक्ष वाली अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संधि हवे। एह संधि में [[बिस्व बैंक]] (ओह समय "पुनर्निर्माण आ विकास खाती अंतर्राष्ट्रीय बैंक") बीचा में मध्यस्थता कइलस।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wrmin.nic.in/index3.asp?subsublinkid=287&langid=1&sslid=443|title=Text of 'Indus Water Treaty', Ministry of water resources, Govt. of India|date=|accessdate=2013-02-01|accessdate=2013-02-01}}</ref><ref name="guardian">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jun/03/kashmir.india1 War over water] द गार्डियन, Monday 3 June 2002 01.06 BST</ref> एह संधि पर [[कराची]] में 19 सितंबर 1960 के भारत के प्रधान भारत के प्रधानमंत्री [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] आ पाकिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति [[अयूब खान]] दस्खत कइल लोग। एह समझौता के हिसाब से तीन ठे "पूरबी" नदी सभ — [[ब्यास नदी|ब्यास]], [[रावी नदी|रावी]] आ [[सतलज नदी|सतलज]] — के कंट्रोल भारत के, आ तीन "पच्छिमी" नदी सभ — [[सिंधु नदी|सिंधु]], [[चेनाब नदी|चेनाब]] आ [[झेलम नदी|झेलम]] — के कंट्रोल पाकिस्तान के मिलल। जब 1960 ई लागू भइल तबसे ले अबतक ले भारत आ पाकिस्तान कौनों पानी संबंधी संघर्ष में ना अझुरइलन सऽ। अगर कौनों असहमती चाहे बिबाद भइल तब उहो ओही लीगल फ्रेमवर्क के तहत सलटा लिहल गइल जेकर बेवस्था एह समझौते में बाटे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/867954295_04_chap.pdf|title=Indus Water Treaty: Options for India|accessdate=28 October 2017|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153909/https://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/867954295_04_chap.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> एह तरीका से देखल जाय तब ई समझौता दुनिया के सभसे सफल जल समझौता सभ में गिनल जा सके ला, हालाँकि कुछ बिस्लेष्ण करे वाला लोग एह बात पर जोर देले बा कि एकरे परबिधान में कुछ टेकनीकल चीज अपडेट करे के जरूरति बा आ एकरे स्कोप के बिस्तार कइल चाहत बा जवना से कि [[जलवायु बदलाव]] के सामिल कइल जा सके।<ref name=indus>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategicforesight.com/publication_pdf/10345110617.pdf|title=The Indus Equation Report|publisher=Strategic Foresight Group|accessdate=28 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328072947/https://www.strategicforesight.com/publication_pdf/10345110617.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> एह संधि के परबिधान के अनुसार, भारत द्वारा सिंधु नदी सिस्टम क्र कुल पानी के (घरेलू इस्तेमाल, उद्योगिक आ अउरी अइसन इस्तेमाल जेह में पानी खरच न होखे अइसन इस्तेमाल के पच्छिमी नदी सभ में सीमित छोड़ के) लगभग 20% इस्तेमाल क सके ला आ बाक़ी पानी पाकिस्तान खाती हवे।<ref name="Brebbia2013">{{cite book|author=C.A. Brebbia|title=Water and Society II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBNj9hPrOXQC&pg=PA103|date=4 September 2013|publisher=WIT Press|isbn=978-1-84564-742-1|pages=103–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Map Workbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9OCPZDkWOEC&pg=PA27|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-89611-79-8|pages=27–}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Chowdhury">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ETdsSfra9YC&pg=PA148|title=Memory Unlimited|first=बिश्वरूप|publisher=डायमंड पाकेट बुक्स (प्रा) लि.|year=|isbn=978-81-8419-017-5|location=|pages=148–|last=रॉय चौधुरी}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175147/ 1], [http://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/files/jia/167-182_ali.pdf 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175147/http://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/files/jia/167-182_ali.pdf |date=2011-07-19 }}; Ali, Saleem H. "Water Politics in South Asia: Technocratic Cooperation in the Indus basin and beyond." Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 2008. * [http://go.worldbank.org/WHGZVDDCB0 Indus Waters Treaty:The World Bank] The actual brokers of the Treaty '''World Bank''' and the detailed website. * [http://www.thetoppersway.com/indus-water-treaty/ Indus Water Treaty Importance] Analysis and Indo pak relation. * [http://www.ppl.nl/bibliographies/all/?bibliography=water Bibliography Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209113341/http://www.ppl.nl/bibliographies/all/?bibliography=water |date=2011-02-09 }} See '''Indus River'''. Peace Palace Libray * [http://www.stimson.org/research-pages/the-indus-waters-treaty-a-history/ The Indus Waters Treaty: A History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114071952/http://www.stimson.org/research-pages/the-indus-waters-treaty-a-history/ |date=2016-01-14 }}. Henry L. Stimson Center. * [http://www.youngbhartiya.com/article/the-politics-of-indo-pak-water-sharing-a-review-of-the-indus-water-treaty-1 The Politics of Indo-Pak Water-Sharing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105333/http://www.youngbhartiya.com/article/the-politics-of-indo-pak-water-sharing-a-review-of-the-indus-water-treaty-1 |date=2018-09-17 }}. Young Bhartiya. * {{cite book|author=A. Misra|title=India-Pakistan: Coming Terms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yk7JAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63|date=19 July 2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-0-230-10978-0|pages=63–}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के जलभंडार]] [[श्रेणी:अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संधि आ समझौता]] {{India-hist-stub}} {{Pakistan-stub}} ovbqqlt10zgkazzw77deautnor2xg5z 0 68423 813890 700110 2026-11-06T12:54:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Viswasanthi Stupa, Wardha.JPG|thumb|right|250px|विश्व शांति स्तूप]] [[File:Vishwa Shanti Stupa in Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|right|250px|रत्नागिरी पहाड़ प विश्व शांति स्तूप]] '''विश्व शांति स्तूप''' के नाव से दुनियाँ के कई जगह पर बौद्ध स्तूप मौजूद बाड़ें जिनहन के निर्माण [[जापान]] के फूजी गुरू लोगन द्वारा परमाणु हमला के यादगार आ एकरे चलते शांति के सनेसा देवे खाती बनवावल गइल बा। एह कड़ी के स्तूप सभ में भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[राजगीर]] (राजगृह) में रत्नागिरी पहाड़ी पर बनवावल गइल स्तूप सभसे परसिध बाटे। अउरी अइसन स्तूप [[महाराष्ट्र]] के [[वर्धा]] में भी बा आ बिहार के वैशाली में, उत्तर प्रदेश में [[सारनाथ]] में आ [[दिल्ली]] के इंद्रप्रस्थ इलाका में भी अइसन पैगोडा शैली वाला स्तूप बनल बाड़ें। ==राजगीर, बिहार== ई स्तूप 1969 में बनवावल गइल।<ref>[http://www.bihartourism.gov.in/districts/nalanda/Vishwa%20Shanti%20Stupa.html विश्व शांति स्तूप], राजगीर; बिहार पर्यटन के वेबसाइट पर।</ref> सफेद गुंबद के आकार के एकर डिजाइन बा। चारों ओर गुंबद में [[बुद्ध]] के सोनहरी मूर्ती बाड़ीं। इहाँ से गृद्धकूट नामक अस्थान थोड़िके दूरी पर बाटे जे बुद्ध के प्रिय अस्थान रहल।<ref>{{cite news|title=विश्व शांति स्तूप विश्व को दे रहा मैत्री व शांति का संदेश|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/nalanda/story/1088187.html|accessdate=8 मार्च 2019|publisher=प्रभात खबर|date=23 नवंबर 2017}}</ref> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] [[श्रेणी:बौद्ध मंदिर]] {{struct-stub}} oumukgij52jkfc1bj172qs3b4f42t0o 0 68602 814441 653824 2026-11-07T07:49:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सैटेलाइट नगर''' [[नगर परिकल्पना]] के एगो सिद्धांत बावे जे छोटन [[महानगरीय क्षेत्र]] के बात करेला जे की बड़ महानगरीय क्षेत्र लगे रहेला बाकिर होकरा से अलग आ आत्मनिर्भर रहेला। [[श्रेणी:शहरी भूगोल]] {{Geo-term-stub}} 4x61q3m2ulm6uzagaq1fuk2kgcqe0uw 0 68982 813949 758001 2026-11-06T12:58:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813949 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Shatrughan Sinha.jpg|thumb|शत्रुघ्न सिन्हा]] '''शत्रुघ्न सिन्हा''' (जनम 9 दिसंबर 1945) एगो भारतीय फिलिम एक्टर आ राजनीतिक नेता बाड़ें। 1969 में आपन फिलिमी कैरियर शुरू करे वाला सिन्हा बहुत सारा फिलिम सभ में एक्टिंग क चुकल बाने आ अवार्ड जीत चुकल बाने। लोक सभा आ राज्य सभा में सांसद रहे के अलावा केंद्र सरकार में [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] सरकार में स्वास्थ आ परिवार कल्याण कैबिनेट मंत्री रहल बाने आ वर्तमान में [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] के टिकट पर 2019 के आम चुनाव लड़ रहल बाने। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1945 में जनम]] {{india-politician-stub}} iesp1s40gts58cdnv1dr97f4veykwmp 0 69194 814339 673397 2026-11-07T05:36:38Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सी''' एगो [[सामान्य उद्देश्य भाषा|सामान्य उद्देश्य]] संगनक [[प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा|क्रमदेशक भाषा]] हऽ। सी [[जंत्रिक भासा]] भासा मे बड़ी आसानी से अनुवादित हो जाला। बी के बाद सी प्रोग्रामिंग भासा के [[बेल प्रयोगशाला]] के [[डेनिस रिची]] 1972 से 1973 के मधे बनवलें। [[श्रेणी:प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा]] {{Comp-sci-stub}} ii2zn9guoqg13s8vfj44xcrnngz9nz6 0 69337 813978 748958 2026-11-06T13:01:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food | name = शाही पनीर | image = Shahi Paneer & Butter Naan.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Shahi paneer (left) and Butter [[Naan]] (right) | alternate_name = | country = [[भारतीय उपमहादीप]], उत्तर भारत | region = | creator = | course = | type = [[ग्रेवी]] | served = | main_ingredient = [[पनीर]], [[मलाई]], [[टमाटर]], [[मसाला]] | variations = | calories = | colour = गाढ़ भूअर, सुफेद, पियराहूँ }} '''शाही पनीर''' एगो उत्तर भारतीय शाकाहारी पकवान हवे। ई एक किसिम के सब्जी भा तरकारी हवे जेह में [[पनीर]] मेन आइटम होला आ ओकरा के गाढ़ मुगलई रसा (ग्रेवी) में बनावल जाला। ग्रेवी के बनावे में टमाटर, मलाई आ भारतीय गरम मसाला सभ के इस्तेमाल होला। एकरा के [[रोटी]], [[नान]] आ अउरी भारतीय रोटी, कुल्चा सभ के साथे खाइल जाला। मेन भोजन में ई सब्जी/ तरकारी के रूप में भी इस्तेमाल होला। एकर बिसेसता एकर गाढ़ सुरुआ (ग्रेवी) होला जे मुगलई इस्टाइल में बनावल जाला। {{clear}} ==इहो देखल जाय== * [[मटर पनीर]] * [[कड़ाही पनीर]] * [[पालक पनीर]] * [[पनीर बटर मसाला]] * [[पनीर पसंदा]] * [[पनीर टिक्का]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर भारतीय पकवान]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेशी पकवान]] [[श्रेणी:पनीर के भारतीय पकवान]] {{India-cuisine-stub}} jvlvs7tus6g9qn50sj1ben6z4q5h3fa 0 69386 813771 781436 2026-11-06T12:10:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वाल्टर एलियास डिज़्नी''' ({{Lang|en|Walter Elias Disney}}; 5 दिसंबर 1901 – 15 दिसंबर 1966) एगो अमेरिकी ब्यव्सायी, एनीमेशन निर्माता, फिलिम प्रोड्यूसर आ आवाज के एक्टर रहलें। अमेरिकी कार्टून फिलिम इंडस्ट्री में ऊ कई गो नया प्रयोग कइलें आ एह बिधा के अगुआ लोग में गिनल जालें। फिलिम प्रोड्यूसर के रूप में, इनका फिलिम के 59 गो नामांकन आ 22 गो आस्कर मिलल जे अबतक ले रिकार्ड बाटे। दू बेर इनके गोल्डन ग्लोब अवार्ड मिलल आ एक ठो एमी अवार्ड। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1901 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1966 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी एनीमेशन फिलिम प्रोड्यूसर]] {{bio-stub}} my612fgb3ppep5dencb733l4wx4owpg 0 69524 814280 813695 2026-11-06T20:04:23Z SM7 3953 पन्ना [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] पर अनुप्रेषित कइल गइल 814280 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] tfig0nv5cw23v1zm7l2yiz3an0791ua 814281 814280 2026-11-06T20:06:27Z SM7 3953 Added {{[[:Template:R from alternative spelling|R from alternative spelling]]}} tag to redirect 814281 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from alternative spelling}} }} je9yljvtk8dtel4377igsg8blzqink2 0 69529 814443 719882 2026-11-07T07:49:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LorentzianWormhole.jpg|thumb|[[वर्महोल]] के दृश्य।]] '''सैद्धांतिक भौतिकी''' [[भौतिकी]] के एगो साखा हऽ जेहमे बस्तुअन के [[गनितिय नमुना]] आ [[अमुरतन]] प काज होखेला जेकरा से प्रकृतिक घटना प सोध करे मे आसानी होखेला। [[श्रेणी:भौतिकी के उपशाखा]] [[श्रेणी:भौतिकी]] {{Physics-stub}} aadbk358li07w8ygad1sli3b9gteq7c 0 69531 814135 734431 2026-11-06T15:51:38Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | building_name = सभ्यता दुआर | native_building_name= | former_names = | alternate_names = Civilization Gate | image = Sabhyatadwarpatna.png | caption = सभ्यता दुआर | map_type = India Patna#India Bihar#India | altitude = {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} | building_type = [[Triumphal arch]] | architectural_style = [[Indo-Saracenic]] | structural_system = | cost = {{INR}} 5 [[करोड़]] (50 मिलियन) (2018) | ren_cost = | location = [[पटना]], [[बिहार]] | address = [[सम्राट अशोक अंताराष्ट्रिय कन्वेंशन केंद्र]], [[गाँधी मैदान]] | owner = [[बिहार सरकार]] | coordinates = {{coord|25.621935|N|85.143886|E|type:landmark_region:IN-BR|display=it}} | start_date = 20 May 2016 | completion_date = May 2018 | inauguration_date = 21 May 2018 | renovation_date = | demolition_date = | destruction_date = | height = {{convert|32|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} | diameter = {{convert|15|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} | other_dimensions = | floor_count = | floor_area = | main_contractor = | architect = | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | awards = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_str_engineer = | ren_serv_engineer = | ren_civ_engineer = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_awards = | references = }} '''सभ्यता दुआर''' [[भारत]] के [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[पटना]] नगर मे [[गंगा|गंगा नदी]] के तिरे एगो [[बलुइया पथल]] के बनल एगो दुआर हऽ। ई दुआर [[मौर्य कला|मौर्य इस्टाइल]] के एगो उदाहरन हऽ जेवन की [[पाटलिपुत्र]] के [[पटना के इतिहास|गउरबसाली इतिहास]] आ बिहार के सा सभ्यता के देखावेला। हेकर कल्पना [[लेफ्टीनेंट जनरल]] श्रीनिवास कुमार सिन्हा कइले रहीं। ई 32 मीटर ऊँच हऽ आ [[गेटवे ऑफ़ इंडिया]] (26 मीटर) ले 6 मीटर बेसी ऊँच हऽ। हेकरा बनावे मे 5 करोड़ के खरचा आइल रहे। हई समारक [[सम्राट अशोक अंताराष्ट्रिय कन्वेंशन केंद्र]] के प्रंगान मे 1 एकड़ मे छितरल बा। हेकरा प [[मेगस्थनीज]], [[अशोक]], [[बुद्ध]] आ [[महावीर]] के कहल बात लिखल बा। [[बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री लोगन के लिस्ट|बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री]] [[नीतीश कुमार]] जी हेकर उदघाटन 21 मई 2018 के कइले रहीं। [[श्रेणी:पटना]] {{struct-stub}} qik9cjre6jvp9zb9ldjd21v5q80tq3c 0 69532 814156 763748 2026-11-06T15:54:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814156 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' सम्राट अशोक अंताराष्ट्रिय कन्वेंशन केंद्र'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bcd.bih.nic.in/Circulars/CN-01-27-02-2017.pdf|title=http://bcd.bih.nic.in/Circulars/CN-01-27-02-2017.pdf|last=|first=|date=|work=Building Construction Department, Bihar|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919040301/http://bcd.bih.nic.in/Circulars/CN-01-27-02-2017.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-19|dead-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> उत्तर [[गाँधी मैदान]] देने एगो [[कन्वेंशन केंद्र]] हऽ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/award-for-cm-s-dream-project-210842|title=Award for CM's dream project}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/news/9324-international-convention-center-foundation-stone-laid.html#.U1aqVIGDkTA |title=International Convention Center Foundation Stone Laid |publisher=PatnaDaily.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-04-22 |archive-date=2014-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306164829/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/news/9324-international-convention-center-foundation-stone-laid.html#.U1aqVIGDkTA |url-status=dead }}</ref> हेकर सिलान्यास [[नीतीश कुमार]] जी ८ फरवरी २०१४ के कइले रहीं। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{Bihar-stub}} 5ktk7mwekjdy0ut1teuxhd758k7en17 0 69608 814019 734474 2026-11-06T13:04:02Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building |building_name=शेर शाह सूरी मकबरा |image=Sher Shah Suri Tomb.jpg |caption=सासाराम मे शेर शाह सूरी के मकबर |architectural_style=ईन्डो-ईस्लामिक शैल |location=बिहार, सासाराम |completion_date=16 अगस्त 1545 |height=122 फुट |designer=अलीवाल खान |संरचनिहार=अलीवाल खान}} '''श्री शेर शाह सूरी के मकबरा''' [[सासाराम]], [[बिहार]] में स्थापित बा। ई मकबरा के निर्माण श्री शेर शाह सूरी के चिरस्मरण ला बनावल गइल बा,जे बिहार के एगो [[पठान]] रहले। उ [[उत्तर भारत]] मे [[मुगल राज|मुगल साम्राज्य]] के पराजित कर के [[सूरी साम्राज्य]] के स्थापना कइले रहले। उनकर मृत्यु [[रबी अल-अउआल]] के दसवा दिन ९५२ चाहे १३ मई १५४५ के [[कालिंजर के किला]] मे एगो बारुध विस्फोट मे भइल रहे। ==स्थापत्य शैली== मकबरा ईन्डो-इस्लामीक शैली मे निर्मित बा। एकर संरचना मीर मोहम्मद अलीवाल खान कइले बारे। एकर निर्माण काल १५४० से १५४५ के बीच भइल रहे। एकर निर्माण एगो चौकोर मानव निर्मित पोखरा के मध्य मे बलुआ पत्थर से भइल बा। ई १२२ फुट ऊँच बा। एह के [[भारत]] के दुसीरका [[ताजमहल]] के रुप में चिन्हल जाला। मकबरा पोखरा के बीच एगो विशाल पीठिका पर बनावल बा। पीठिका के चारो कोण पर खूब सुन्नर गुम्बददार किओस्क खाड़ा बा। पीठिका के कोर के गोड़वरिया( सीढी़) के ढाचा देवल बा।, जे विशाल पत्थर द्वारा भूञा से जुरल बा। मुख्य मकबरा अष्टकोण परियोजना पर बनावल बा, जेकर टोच पर २२ मिटर विस्तार वाला भव्य गुम्बज स्थापित बा। मकहरा तीन ताला बा। एकरा अगल-बगल सुशोभित गुम्बजवाला किओस्क बा, जे एक समये रङीन टाईल्स वर्क(लादिकाज) से शोभत रहे। ई मकबरा के शेर शाह के जीनगी मे आ उनकर पुत ईस्लाम शाह के शासन काल में बनावल गइल। अन्तिम शिलालेख सूरी के मूअला के तिन महिना बाद पूर्ण भइल रहे। ==चित्र== === वर्तमान === <gallery mode="packed"> File:" Tomb of Sher Shah Suri ".jpg File:Sher Sah Suri Tomb Left side.jpg File:Tomb of Shershah Suri.jpg File:Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, 2008.jpg File:"Tomb of Sher Shah Suri ".jpg File:Side view of tomb of Sher shah suri.jpg File:Sher Sah Suri Tomb.jpg </gallery> === प्राचीनतम === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Distant view of Sher Shah Suri tomb - 1870s.jpg File:Sher Shah Suri's Tomb, Sasaram, 1870 photograph.jpg File:Sher Shah tomb.jpg File:D. Robert - Tomb of Sher Shah, Sasaram, Bihar - Google Art Project.jpg </gallery> ===तक्ती, माहिती === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Tablet at the Tomb of Sher Shah Suri.jpg|प्राचीन तक्ती File:Sher Sha Tomb, Sasaram 100 (180).jpg|माहिती तक्ती </gallery> [[श्रेणी:बिहार के इतिहास]] {{Bihar-stub}} {{Struct-stub}} p3xm8pca5fb4o6iekh45oin82u4stk6 0 69708 813855 781448 2026-11-06T12:51:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug class | Name = विटामिन | Image = B vitamin supplement tablets.jpg | Alt = | Caption = बी-कॉम्प्लेक्स विटामिन सभ के टेबलेट के डिब्बा | Pronounce = {{IPAc-en|uk|ˈ|v|ɪ|t|ə|m|ɪ|n|,_|ˈ|v|aɪ|t|-}} {{respell|VIT|ə|min|,_|VYTE|-}},<br />{{IPAc-en|us|ˈ|v|aɪ|t|ə|m|ɪ|n}} {{respell|VY|tə|min}}<ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> | Synonyms = <!-- Class identifiers --> | Use = | ATC_prefix = | Mode_of_action = | Mechanism_of_action = | Biological_target = | Chemial_class = <!-- Clinical data --> | Drugs.com = <!-- {{Drugs.com|drug-class|?}} --> | Consumer_Reports = | medicinenet = | rxlist = <!-- External links --> | MeshID = }} '''विटामिन''' ({{Lang|en|vitamin}}) अइसन जीवीय तत्व (ऑर्गेनिक मोलिक्यूल चाहे सेट ऑफ मॉलिक्यूल) होलें जे जटिल जीवधारी सभ के सेहत आ बढ़े खातिर कुछ अल्प मात्रा में जरूरी तत्व होखे लें। जानवर आ मनुष्यन के शरीर में मेटाबॉलिज्म खातिर इनहन के होखल आवश्यक होला। ई अउरी ऑर्गेनिक कंपाउंड सभ, जइसे की प्रोटीन, लिपिड, कार्बोहाइड्रेड वगैरह से एह मामिला में अलग होखे लें काहें कि जीवधारी सभ इनहन के सिंथेसिस अपना शरीर में जरूरत भर मात्रा में ना कइ पावे लें जेकरा चलते इनहन के आहार (भोजन) के जरिये हासिल कइल जरूरी हो जाला।<ref>{{cite web|title=vitamin {{!}} Definition, Types, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/vitamin|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=17 जून 2019|language=en}}</ref> जरूरी पोषक तत्व (एसेंशियल न्यूट्रीएंट) सभ में गिनल जाए वाला अउरी तीन किसिम के तत्व सभ - मिनरल्स, जरूरी फैटी एसिड आ जरूरी एमीनो एसिड सभ, के विटामिन में ना गिनल जाला। विटामिन आमतौर पर प्राकृतिक कंपाउंड हवें जे आहार के चीज सभ में अल्प मात्रा में मिले लें; आहार से इनहन के पुरती ना होखे पर अलग-अलग रोग हो सके लें (तकनीकी भाषा में एह रोग सभ के ''डिफिशिएन्सी सिंड्रोम'' कहल जाला, मने की कमी के कारण उपजे वाला लच्छन भा रोग)।<ref name="Jr.2007">{{cite book|author=Gerald F. Combs, Jr.|title=The Vitamins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CMHiWum0Y4C&pg=PA4|date=30 October 2007|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-056130-1|pages=4–}}</ref> विटामिन शब्द के इस्तेमाल वारसा में जनमल बिग्यानी कैसीमीर फंक द्वारा 1911 में कइल गइल आ इनहन के नाँव खोज के क्रम में ए, बी, सी लगा के धराइल; खाली भर विटामिन के (K) के नाँव क्रम के आधार पर ना हवे।<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of Vitamins|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6002|website=MedicineNet|accessdate=17 जून 2019|language=en|archive-date=2017-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821185523/http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6002|url-status=dead}}</ref> मनुष्य के शरीर आ सेहत खाती 13 गो विटामिन सभ के जरूरत परे ला: विटामिन ए, विटामिन बी₁, विटामिन बी₂, विटामिन बी₃, विटामिन बी₅, विटामिन बी₆, विटामिन बी₇, विटामिन बी₉, [[विटामिन बी12|विटामिन बी]]₁₂, [[विटामिन सी]], [[विटामिन डी]], [[विटामिन ई]] आ विटामिन के। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:विटामिन| ]] {{biology-stub}} 1yj6iirr6d0der6sp639916c4h5dgux 0 70031 814137 754006 2026-11-06T15:51:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''समय''' (अंग्रेजी: time) एगो भओतिक राशि हऽ। जब समय बीतेला, तब घटना सभ होखेलऽसन। [[श्रेणी:समय| ]] {{Physics-stub}} jmjxw1pbx7bzyl3o2s0nz8jqo39fkib 0 70615 814070 788128 2026-11-06T13:44:33Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[संस्कृत]] भाषा के [[व्याकरण]]''' जटिल आ समृद्ध परंपरा से निकलल [[व्याकरण]] हवे जेह में एह भाषा के संरचना आ शब्दबोध, उच्चारण आ वाक्य बिन्यास वगैरह के परिभाषा-बिधान-नियम बतावल गइल हवें। संस्कृत व्याकरण के प्रमुख बिसय सभ में [[संधि]], [[समास]], शब्दरूप, [[धातु (संस्कृत व्याकरण)|धातुरूप]], लिंग-वचन आ वाच्य वगैरह बाड़ें। संस्कृत परंपरा में व्याकरण के बेदांग सभ में गिनल जाला; मतलब कि अइसन शास्त्र जे [[वेद|बेद]] सभ के पढ़े-गुने में सहायक हवें। एह परंपरा के लोग व्याकरण के खाली भाषा संबंधी नियम-बिधान ना माने ला बलुक एकरा के सत्य-असत्य के बिभाजन करे वाला शास्त्र माने ला।{{efn|एह बारे में [[यजुर्वेद]] के उद्धरण दिहल जाला:<poem>दृष्ट्वा रूपेव्याकरोत् सत्यानृते प्रजापतिः ।... यजु. 19.77</poem> मने कि "प्रजापति (खुद) रूप सभ के देख के उनहन के सत्य आ असत्य में बिभाजित कइलें।}} व्याकरण के नजदीकी संबंध निरुक्त, दर्शन आ काव्यशास्त्र से भी बाटे। संस्कृत के वैयाकरण महर्षि [[पाणिनि]] के ''[[अष्टाध्यायी]]'' सभसे पुरान व्याकरण के ग्रंथ बाटे जे अब तक ले प्राप्त भइल बा। हालाँकि, पाणिनि खुद एह ग्रंथ में कई वैयाकरण लोग के बिचार दिहले बाने जे लोग उनुका से पहिले रहल। पाणिनि द्वारा शाकटायन, शाकल्य, अभिशाली, गार्ग्य, गालव, भारद्वाज, कश्यप, शौनक, स्फोटायन आ चाक्रवर्मण नियर ऋषि लोग के हवाला दिहल गइल बा।<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pāṇini|author2=Sumitra Mangesh Katre|title=Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSDakY97XckC&pg=PR19|year=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0521-7|pages=xix–xxi}}</ref> पाणिनि के बाद उनके सूत्र सभ के अर्थ बूझे खाती कात्यायन ओह सूत्र सभ के वृत्ति (सूत्र के कुछ बिस्तार से अर्थ) लिखलें आ उनके ग्रंथ वार्तिक ग्रंथ कहाला। इनका बाद पतंजलि एह सूत्र आ वार्तिक सभ पर अउरी बिस्तार से आपन महाभाष्य लिखलें। एह तीनों ग्रंथ सभ के ''पाणिनीय व्याकरण'' के नाँव से जानल जाला। बाद के भी कई वैयाकरण लोग बिबिध बिसय पर आपन बिचार-बिमर्ष अपना ग्रंथ सभ में कइले बा। जटिल नियम सभ के आसानी से समझावे खाती भट्टोजदीक्षित ''सिद्धान्तकौमुदी'' आ उनका बाद, लड़िकन के व्याकरण पढ़ावे खाती, वरदराज ''[[लघुसिद्धांतकौमुदी|लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी]]'' नियर आसान ग्रंथ लिखल लोग। ==संज्ञा== {{main|संज्ञा (संस्कृत व्याकरण)}} संज्ञा शब्द के अरथ होला नाँव। संस्कृत व्याकरण में बिबिध प्रकार के चीजन के नाँव दिहल गइल बा जिनहन के संज्ञा कहल जाला। ई नाँव ए खातिर दिहल गइल हवें कि पूरा बिबरन देवे के बजाय चीजन के छोट नाँव भर से उल्लेख कइल जा सके। एकरे अलावा ई बिसेस परिस्थिति में कौनों शब्द, पद भा शब्दखंड के का कहल जाय एहू खातिर दिहल नाँव हवें जवना से कि इनहन के ओही नाँव भा संज्ञा से आगे के प्रकरण में उल्लेख कइल जा सके। संस्कृत व्याकरण के "[[संज्ञा]]" के अंग्रेजी ''[[नाउन]]'' (noun) भा [[हिंदी व्याकरण]] वाला संज्ञा से अलग बूझे के चाहीं। हिंदी में ई [[अंग्रेजी ग्रामर|अंग्रेजी व्याकरण]] के नकल से आइल हवे जहाँ संज्ञा के नाउन के अरथ में इस्तेमाल होला आ एकर कई किसिम के भेद बतावल जालें जे अंग्रेजी व्याकरण में बतावल प्रकार सभ के अनुवाद हवे। संस्कृत व्याकरण में संज्ञा के अर्थ बा नाँव। बिबिध प्रकार के व्याकरण के चीज सभ के नाँव दिहल गइल बा उनहने के संज्ञा कहल जाला। उदाहरण खातिर पाणिनि के व्याकरण ग्रंथ अष्टाध्यायी के पहिला सूत्र संज्ञा सूत्र हवे "'''वृद्धिरादैच्'''" (अष्टा. 1।1।1) जे ई बतावे ला कि [[प्रत्याहार|एच् प्रत्याहार]] के अक्षर सभ (आ अउरी ऐ, औ) के वृद्धि संज्ञा होला। मने की एह अक्षर समूह के नाँव "वृद्धि" हवे। जहाँ कहीं "वृद्धि" कहल जाय तब एकरा से एह अक्षर सभ के बोध होखे। एही तरे दुसरा सूत्र "गुण" संज्ञा बतावे ला - "'''अदेङ् गुणः'''" (अष्टा. 1।1।2) मने के अ अउरी ए, ओ के गुण नाँव से बोलावल जाय। ===कुछ प्रमुख संज्ञा=== * '''[[इत् संज्ञा]]''' * '''वृद्धि''' * '''गुण''' * '''टि''' संज्ञा * '''आम्रेडित''' * '''संहिता''' * '''संयोग''' * '''पद''' * '''ह्रस्व''', '''गुरु''', आ '''प्लुत''' * '''प्रगृह्य''' * '''निपात''' * '''लोप''' ==संधि== {{मुख्य|संधि}} संस्कृत व्याकरण संधि शब्द के उत्पत्ती सम् + धि से बतावल जाले। दू गो वर्ण सभ बहुत पास पास उच्चारण कइल जाय, मने कि उनहन के बीच में आधी मात्रा से बेसी के व्यवधान ना होखे तब एकरा के ''संहिता'' कहल जाला।<ref name="भीमसेन">शास्त्री, भीमसेन (2000). ''लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी: भैमी व्याख्या''. 4था संस्करण. भैमी प्रकाशन, दिल्ली. pp. 31</ref> एह किसिम के उच्चारण में मूल वर्ण सभ के अलग-अलग वाला उच्चारण से कुछ दुसरे किसिम के उच्चारण होला। दू गो वर्ण सभ के पास-पास उचारण होखे पर पहिले वाला उच्चारण से जवन अंतर आ जाला होही के संधि कहल जाला। संस्कृत में पाँच किसिम के संधि बतावल गइल बा: अच् संधि, प्रकृतिभाव, हल् संधि, विसर्ग संधि अउरी स्वादिसंधि। ==समास== ==शब्दरूप== ==धातुरूप== ===नोट=== <references group="नोट"/> ===संदर्भ=== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत व्याकरण| ]] [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत|व्याकरण]] [[श्रेणी:भाषा अनुसार व्याकरण]] {{Grammar-stub}} 3noaodem83bgcm5la1ynsolb4uufckw 0 70621 814119 757957 2026-11-06T15:49:44Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = सदाबहार |image = Catharanthus roseus 6576.JPG |image_caption = [[गुलाबी सदाबहार]] |regnum = प्लांटाई |unranked_divisio = [[एंजियोस्पर्म्स]] |unranked_classis = [[यूडिकोट्स]] |unranked_ordo = एस्टेराइड |ordo = Gentianales |familia = Apocynaceae |subfamilia = Rauvolfioideae |genus = '''''Catharanthus''''' |genus_authority = George Don |type_species = ''Catharanthus roseus'' |type_species_authority = (L.) G. Don.<ref>lectotype designated by Pfeiffer, Nom. 1: 627 (1873)</ref> |synonyms = *''Ammocallis'' <small>Small</small> *''Lochnera'' <small>Rchb. ex Endl., illegitimate superfluous name</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=o>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=35711 |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=21 मई 2014}}</ref> |}} '''सदाबहार''' (अंग्रेजी आ बैज्ञानिक नाँव: ''Catharanthus'', ''कैथेरेन्थस'') [[फूलदार पौधा]] सभ के एगो [[जाति (जीव बिज्ञान)|जाति]] हवे। एह पौधा सभ में बारहों महीना फूल फुलालें जेकरा चलते इनहना के सदाबहार नाँव दिहल गइल हवे। एह फूल के कुल आठ गो [[प्रजाति]] पावल जालीं<ref name=mad>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=12&taxon_id=105876 ''Catharanthus''.] Madagascar Catalogue. eFloras.</ref> जिनहन में [[गुलाबी सदाबहार]] ''कैथेरेंथस रोस़स (Catharanthus roseus)'' बहुतायत से मिले ला। एह आठ गो प्रजाति सभ में से सात गो [[मैडागास्कर]] के मूल पौधा हवें जबकि एक ठो ''कैथेरेंथस पुसिलस (C. pusillus)'' [[भारत]] आ [[श्रीलंका]] के मूल पौधा हवे। एकर अंग्रेजी नाँव यूनानी भाषा से आइल हवे जेकर अरथ "शुद्ध फूल" होला।<ref name=jeps>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=10243 ''Catharanthus''.] The Jepson eFlora 2013.</ref> बैज्ञानिक रूप से ई ''एपोसाइनेसी (Apocynaceae)'' परिवार के पौधा हवें जेह में ''विंका'' जाति के पौधा भी आवे लें। ''कैथेरेंथस'' आ ''विंका'' दुनों जाति के कई पौधा सभ के अंग्रेजी में आम नाँव ''पेरिविंकल'' से भी जानल जाला।<ref>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=30167 ''Catharanthus''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</ref> खुद [[गुलाबी सदाबहार]] के पहिले ''विंका रोसस'' के नाँव से विंका जाति में रखल गइल रहे। पौधा झाड़ीनुमा होला आ फूल पाँच पंखुरी वाला होलें। इनहन में से कई प्रजाति सभ के जड़ी-बूटी के रूप में इस्तेमाल होला।<ref name="Parihar2018">{{cite book|author=Dr. M.L. Parihar|title=Vaikalpic Chikitsa-Paddhatiyon ke Madhyam se Samagra Swasthya-Prabandhan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCFbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA267|date=12 April 2018|publisher=Idea Publishing|pages=267–|id=GGKEY:3TH2DB97EYS}}</ref> आधुनिक [[डाक्टरी (बिद्या)|बैदकी]] में भी इनहन के इस्तेमाल होला आ करीबन 130 किसिम के एल्केलाइड निकासल जालें जिनहन में दवाई के गुन होला। ==प्रजाति== एह पौधा के कुल आठ गो [[प्रजाति]] पावल जाली:<ref name=o/><ref name=mad/> * ''Catharanthus coriaceus'' Markgr. – [[मैडागास्कर]] * ''Catharanthus lanceus'' (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon – मैडागास्कर * ''Catharanthus longifolius'' (Pichon) Pichon – मैडागास्कर * ''Catharanthus ovalis'' Markgr. – मैडागास्कर * ''Catharanthus pusillus'' (Murray) G.Don. – भारत, श्रीलंका, [[हिमालय|पच्छिमी हिमालय]] * ''[[गुलाबी सदाबहार|Catharanthus roseus]]'' (L.) G.Don. – (अंग्रेजी नाँव: Madagascar periwinkle, old-maid, rosy periwinkle, pink periwinkle) – मैडागास्कर, इटली में प्राक्रितीकरण हो चुकल बा, दक्खिन एशिया, ऑस्ट्रेलिया, अमेरिका देस के दक्खिनी हिस्सा, मध्य अमेरिका क्षेत्र, भारत आ अउरी कई गो समुंद्री दीप सभ पर * ''Catharanthus scitulus'' (Pichon) Pichon – मैडागास्कर * ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' (Baker) Pichon – मैडागास्कर, भारत में सदाबहार या बारहमासी के नाँव से जानल जाला == गैलरी == <gallery mode="packed"> Flowers of Catharanthus roseus .jpg|[[गुलाबी सदाबहार]] के गुलाबी फूल Vinca Cooler Raspberry Red 1zz.jpg|गहिरा लाल रंग के किसिम, गुलाबी सहाबहार के Delhi-Rajasthan 8-6-12 to 12-6-12 217.JPG|सफ़ेद फूल वाली किसिम, गुलाबी सदाबहार Red flower.JPG|लाल रंग के किसिम Catharanthus trichophyllus - Botanischer Garten, Dresden, Germany - DSC08556.JPG|''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' Catharanthus pusillus (Tiny Periwinkle) W IMG 3208.jpg|''Catharanthus pusillus'' </gallery> == इहो देखल जाय == * [[गुलाबी सदाबहार]] * [[गुड़मार]] {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|Catharanthus}} {{Wikispecies|Catharanthus}} * {{Britannica|355621}} * {{Catalogue of Life|Catharanthus}} {{जड़ीबूटी}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1050790}} [[श्रेणी:कैथेरेंथस]] [[श्रेणी:सजावटी पौधा]] [[श्रेणी:फूलदार पौधा]] [[श्रेणी:जड़ीबूटी]] [[श्रेणी:आयुर्वेद में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला पौधा]] {{botany-stub}} 3ylv41ckpjelot10iz1jzslqwf4ax4q 0 70686 813937 804331 2026-11-06T12:58:00Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|वेदांग के चीज|व्याकरण (वेदांग)}} [[भाषा बिज्ञान]] में '''व्याकरण''' चाहे '''''ग्रामर''''' ({{Lang|en|Grammar}}) अइसन संरचनात्मक या ढाँचागत नियम सभ के समूह हवे जे कौनों [[प्राकृतिक भाषा]] के तहत वाक्य, वाक्यांश आ शब्द सभ के बनावट के निर्धारित करे लें। एह नियम सभ के अध्ययन करे वाली बिद्या भा ज्ञान के शखवो के व्याकरणे कहल जाला। प्राकृतिक भाषा के बोले वाला व्यक्ति, खासतौर से अगर ऊ भाषा ओह व्यक्ति के मूल भाषा होखे, एह नियम सभ के बचपने में सीख लेला आ ई कौनों अलग ट्रेनिंग भा शिक्षा से ना सीखल जाला बलुक आसपास के लोग के बोलत सुन के सीखल जाला। बाद में शिक्षा द्वारा सीखल जाए वाली भाषा सभ खाती व्याकरण के ज्यादे नियम धियान पूर्वक ओह भाषा संबंधी निर्देश वगैरह के देख-पढ़ के सीखे के पड़े ला। व्याकरण शब्द के इस्तेमाल कौनों भाषा के व्याकरण के नियम सभ के बतावे वाली किताबो खातिर हो सके ला। मने कि अइसन किताब जेह में ओह भाषा के संरचना के मूलभूत नियम बतावल गइल होखें ताकि भरम के स्थिति में किताब के संदर्भ लिहल जा सके, जरूरत पड़े पर किताब में नियम देखल जा सके। ज्यादे विवरणात्मक तरीका से लिखल किताब सभ जिनहन में नियम के साथे-साथ बिस्तृत व्याख्या आ नियम के उत्पत्ती वगैरह के भी विवेचना होखे विवरणात्मक व्याकरण (डेस्क्रिप्टिव ग्रामर) कहाला। भाषा बिज्ञान से बहरें, व्याकरण शब्द के इस्तेमाल शब्द के उच्चारण आ लिखाई, मने कि [[हिज्जे]] के बेहवार आ ओह प बिचार, वगैरह के खातिर भी हो सके ला। हालाँकि, भाषा बिज्ञानी लोग एह सभ चीजन के व्याकरण के बिसय ला बलुक ''[[फोनोलॉजी]]'' आ ''[[ऑर्थोग्राफी]]'' वगैरह के बिसय माने ला। ==शब्दइतिहास== व्याकरण शब्द [[संस्कृत भाषा]] के हवे। व्य+आ √कृ से एकर उत्पत्ती बतावल जाला।<ref>''संस्कृत-इंग्लिश डिक्शनरी''. [[मोनियर विलियम्स]].प. 1035</ref> व्याकरण के अर्थ हवे कौनों शब्द (चाहे वाक्य) के बिच्छेद कऽ के ओकरे आकृति के पूरा ज्ञान करावल।<ref>''भारतीय भाषा विज्ञान''. किशोरीदास वाजपेयी. वाणी प्रकाशन. दिल्ली. प. 10</ref> उदाहरण खातिर "पठति", "पाठयति", "पठन" वगैरह में मूल धातु का बा आ कवन प्रत्यय वगैरह लागल बा एकर बिबेचन क के समझावे वाली बिद्या व्याकरण हवे। व्याकरण के "शब्दानुशासन" भी कहल जाला। पतंजलि अपना महाभाष्य में एकरा के शब्दानुशासन कहलें{{efn|''अथ शब्दानुशासनम्'' महाभाष्य के शुरुआती वाक्य हवे।}} आ कैयट शब्दानुशासन के व्याकरण के अन्वर्थ कहे लें।{{efn|''अन्वर्थं चेदं व्याकरणस्य नाम'', कैयट।}} एकरा शब्दानुशासन वाला नाँव के व्याख्या में भोजपुरी के वैयाकरण रसिक बिहारी ओझा 'निर्भीक' के कहनाम बा: {{quote |text= व्याकरण के दोसर नाँव शब्दानुशासन ह। ... एकरा में मार्का के शब्द 'अनु' बा। व्याकरण भाषा प शासन ना करे। व्याकरण अपना आज्ञा से शब्द के स्वरूप में परिवर्तन नइखे कर सकत। ओकरा अर्थ में कवनो हेर-फेर नइखे कर सकत। भाषा के गति नइखे बदल सकत। ऊ त अनुशासन भर कर सके ला। ... परम्परा से जवना शब्द के रूप चलल आ रहल बा आ जेकर जवना अर्थ में प्रयोग बा, व्याकरण ओकरे अनुगमन करी। ओकरे पीछे चली। ऊ भाषा के अनुसार चली आ भाषा के गति भंग करे वाला अनाड़ी-अनजान भा बहकल-सहकल लोग के सही राह प ले आई। ईहे एकर अनुशासन बा। |author=रसिक बिहारी ओझा 'निर्भीक' |source="भोजपुरी शब्दानुशासन"<ref>{{cite book |last1=ओझा 'निर्भीक' |first1=रसिक बिहारी |title=भोजपुरी श्बदानुशसन |date=1975 |publisher=जमशेदपुर भोजपुरी साहित्य परिषद |location=जमशेदपुर |pages=5 |edition=1 |chapter=आपन कथ}}</ref>}} अंग्रेजी के शब्द ग्रामर ''(grammar)'' पुरानी ग्रीक भाषा के {{lang|grc|γραμματικὴ τέχνη}} (''ग्रामाटिके टेक्ने'') से आइल बतावल जाला, जेकर मतलब हवे "अक्षर सभ के कला" "art of letters", ई खुद {{lang|grc|γράμμα}} (''ग्रामा''), "अक्षर" से आइल हवे जे {{lang|grc|γράφειν}} (''ग्राफेन''), "लिखल, चित्रांकन कइल" से निकलल हवे।<ref>{{Cite web | last = Harper | first = Douglas | authorlink = डगलस हार्पर | title = Grammar | work = Online Etymological Dictionary | url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=grammar | accessdate = 8 अप्रैल 2010 | postscript = }}</ref> ==इतिहास== शब्द आ भाषा सभ के नियम के व्यवस्थित ज्ञान के शुरुआत भारत में लोहा जुग में [[संस्कृत भाषा]] में भइल आ सभसे प्राचीन ग्रंथ सभ में [[यास्क]] के ''[[निरुक्त]]'' ({{abbr|ल.|लगभग}} 6वीं सदी ईपू) आ [[पाणिनि]] के ''[[अष्टाध्यायी]]'' ({{abbr|ल.|लगभग}} 6वीं-5वीं सदी ईपू<ref name="britpanini">{{Cite book |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ashtadhyayi |title=Ashtadhyayi, Work by Panini |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2013 |quote=Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī ("Eight Chapters"), Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini. |access-date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805063047/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ashtadhyayi |url-status=live }}</ref>) उपलब्ध बाने; हालाँकि, इहो लोग अपना से पहिले के निरुक्तकार आ वैयाकरण लोग के नाँव गिनवले बा बाकी ओह लोग के रचना अब उपलब्ध ना बाटे। एकरे बाद पिंगल (200 ईपू) आ कात्यायन आ पतंजलि (2सदी ईसवी) के एह ग्रंथन पर लिखल भाष्य उपलब्ध बाने। दक्खिन भारत में तमिल भाषा के सभसे सुरुआती व्याकरण तोलकप्पियम के उत्पत्तीकाल लगभग पाँचवी सदी ईसवी के बतावल जाला। कुछ सुरुआती ज्ञान बेबिलोनिया के लोगन के भी व्याकरण के बारे में रहल ऊ लोग भाषा संबंधी कुछ बिबरन दिहल।<ref>{{Cite book |last=McGregor |first=William B.|author-link=William B. McGregor |title=Linguistics: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/linguisticsintro02edmcgr |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2015|edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-567-58352-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/linguisticsintro02edmcgr/page/15 15]–16}}</ref> पच्छिमी जगत में ज्ञान के शाखा के रूप में ग्रामर के बिकास हेलेनिस्टिक सभ्यता के समय के बतावल जाला आ राइनस (Rhyanus) अउरी एरिस्टार्कस (Aristarchus) नियर बिद्वान लोग के एकर श्रेय दिहल जाला जे लगभग तीसरी सदी ईसा पूर्ब में भइल रहे लोग। व्याकरण के सभसे पुरान मालुम किताब ''आर्ट ऑफ ग्रामर'' भा ''व्याकरण के कला'' ({{lang|grc|Τέχνη Γραμματική}}) बाटे, ई साफ-साफ आ कारगर तरीका से बोले आ लिखे के संक्षिप्त गाइड हवे, ई प्राचीन यूनानी बिद्वान डायोनिसियस थ्रैक्स (Dionysius Thrax) ({{abbr|ल.|लगभग}} 170–{{abbr|ल.|लगभग}} 90 ई.पू) के लिखल हवे जे समोथ्रेस के एरिस्टार्कस के चेला रहलें जे ग्रीक द्वीप रोड्स पर एगो स्कूल के स्थापना कइले रहलें। डायोनिसियस थ्रैक्स के व्याकरण के किताब बारहवीं सदी ईसवी तक ले ग्रीक स्कूली लड़िकन खातिर प्राथमिक व्याकरण के पाठ्यपुस्तक रहल। रोमन लोग आपन व्याकरणिक लेखन एकरा पर आधारित कइल आ एकर मूल प्रारूप आजुओ कई भाषा सभ में व्याकरण मार्गदर्शक के आधार बनल बा।<ref name="Casson2001">{{Cite book |last=Casson |first=Lionel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECBkVPQkNSsC&q=Library+of+Alexandria |title=Libraries in the Ancient World |date=2001 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-09721-4 |location=New Haven, Connecticut |page=45 |author-link=Lionel Casson |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824033514/https://books.google.com/books?id=ECBkVPQkNSsC&q=Library+of+Alexandria |archive-date=24 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> लैटिन व्याकरण के बिकास पहिली सदी ईसा पूर्व के ग्रीक मॉडल के आधार बना के भइल, ई ऑर्बिलस प्युपिलस, रेमियस पैलेमोन, मार्कस वैलेरियस प्रोबस, वेरियस फ्लैकस, आ एमिलियस एस्पर नियर लेखक लोग के काम के चलते बिकसित भइल। आधुनिक यूरोपियन भाषा सभ में, आयरिश भाषा के व्याकरण के उत्पत्ति 7वीं सदी में Auraicept na n-Éces से भइल। अरबी व्याकरण के उदय 7वीं सदी में ''अबू अल-असवाद अल-दुअली'' के साथ भइल। हिब्रू व्याकरण पर पहिला ग्रंथ उच्च मध्यकाल में आइल, ''मिश्नाह'' (हिब्रू बाइबिल के व्याख्या) के संदर्भ में। कराई परंपरा के उत्पत्ति अब्बासी बगदाद से भइल। डिकदुक (10वीं सदी) हिब्रू बाइबिल के सभसे सुरुआती व्याकरणिक कमेंटरी सभ में से एक हवे।<ref>G. Khan, J. B. Noah, ''The Early Karaite Tradition of Hebrew Grammatical Thought'' (2000)</ref> इब्न बरुन 12वीं सदी में, इस्लामी व्याकरणिक परंपरा में हिब्रू भाषा के तुलना अरबी से कइलें।<ref>Pinchas Wechter, Ibn Barūn's Arabic Works on Hebrew Grammar and Lexicography (1964)</ref> सात गो उदार कला सभ में गिनल जाए वाला सामान्य ज्ञान से संबंधित, व्याकरण के पढ़ाई पूरा मध्यकाल के दौरान एगो मूल बिसय के रूप में भइल, ई प्राचीन काल (लेट एंटीक्विटी) के लेखक लोग, जइसे कि प्रिसियन के परभाव के बाद भइल। उच्च मध्यकाल में लोकभाषा वर्नाक्यूलर) सभ के अइसन अध्ययन धीरे-धीरे शुरू भइल, पहिला व्याकरणिक ग्रंथ नियर अलग-थलग रचना सभ के साथ, बाकी ई खाली पुनर्जागरण आ बैरोक काल में परभावशाली बन पवलस। 1486 में, एंटोनियो डी नेब्रिजा ''लास इंट्रोडक्शन्स लैटिनास कॉन्ट्रापुएस्टो एल रोमांस अल लैटिन'', आ पहिला स्पेनिश व्याकरण, ''ग्रामाटिका डे ला लेंगुआ कैस्टेलाना'', 1492 में प्रकाशित कइलें। 16वीं सदी के इटैलियन पुनर्जागरण के दौरान, क्वेश्चन डेला लिंगुआ इटैलियन भाषा के स्थिती आ आदर्श रूप पर चर्चा करे वाला ग्रंथ रहल, जेकर सुरुआत दांते के डी वल्गेरी एलोक्वेंसिया (पिएट्रो बेम्बो, प्रोज डेला वोल्गर लिंग्वा वेनिस 1525) द्वारा कइल गइल। स्लोवेनियाई के पहिला व्याकरण 1583 में एडम बोहोरिच द्वारा लिखल गइल। अंग्रेजी भाषा के ग्रामर के सुरुआत सोरहवीं सदी में भइल। 1586 में छपल विलियम बुलोकर के ''पैंफलेट ऑफ़ इंग्लिश ग्रामर'' अंग्रेजी ग्रामर के पहिली लिखित रचना मानल जाला। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[भोजपुरी व्याकरण]] * [[हिंदुस्तानी व्याकरण]] * [[संस्कृत व्याकरण]] * [[अंग्रेजी व्याकरण]] ==नोट== <references group="नोट"/> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== * {{Cite EB1911 |last=Sayce |first=Archibald Henry |wstitle=Grammar|short=x}} [[श्रेणी:व्याकरण| ]] {{Grammar-stub}} e0w3tn93oj2r81g9fvkcmpfkiz63fmu 0 70702 813938 738319 2026-11-06T12:58:03Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|भाषा के ढाँचागत नियम सभ के सेट आ ज्ञान के शाखा|व्याकरण}} '''व्याकरण''' प्राचीन भारतीय बिद्या सभ में से एक हवे जे [[वेद]] सभ के अध्ययन के खातिर छह गो [[वेदांग]] सभ में एक हवे। एकरा के वेदांग के मुख मानल गइल हवे जे एकरे महत्व के बुझे खाती काफी बा। एही से बाद में संस्कृत भाषा सभ आ कई आधुनिक भारतीय भाषा सभ के [[व्याकरण]] के बिकास भइल हवे। व्याकरण के प्रसिद्ध बिद्वान [[पाणिनि]] रहलें जिनके रचना एह बिधा के सभसे पुरान ग्रंथ हवे जे उपलब्ध बा; हालाँकि, उहो अपना से पहिले के वैयाकरण लोग के जिकिर अपना रचना में कइले बाने। [[श्रेणी:वेद]] {{lang-stub}} 8vswvkhkgon22a5rppq84u47p9brdpy 0 70703 813939 781453 2026-11-06T12:58:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शब्दइतिहास''' भा '''व्युत्पत्तिशास्त्र''' ({{Lang|en|Etymology}}) अइसन बिद्या हवे जे शब्दन के इतिहास के अध्ययन करे ले। कौनों शब्द बिसेस के ''शब्दइतिहास'' के मतलब भइल ओह शब्द के उत्पत्ती, उच्चारण बदलाव, बिकास, अर्थबदलाव वगैरह के ब्याख्या। भारतीय परंपरा में हजारन साल पहिले पैदा भी अध्ययन के शाका [[निरुक्त]] में एकर अध्ययन शुरू भइल रहे आ इहे भारतीय भाषा बिज्ञान के मूल हवे। अंग्रेजी में एकरा के एटिमॉलजी कहल जाला आ एह बिद्या के अलावा कौनों शब्द के इतिहास के बिबेचनो के एटिमॉलजी कहल जाला। जगह के नाँव सभ के इतिहास (उत्पत्ती आ विकास) के अध्ययन करे वाली बिद्या के अंग्रेजी में टोपॉनमी कहल जाला। जवना भाषा सभ के लिखाई के लमहर इतिहास रहल बा, बिद्वान लोग पुराना लिखे के तरीका आ हिज्जे इतिहास के अध्ययन करे ला। एह में ओह भाषा के बारे में मौजूद पाठ के भी अध्ययन कइल जाला। एह लिखित चीज सभ के अध्ययन से ई पता लगावे ला कि पहिले एह शब्द के का इस्तेमाल होखत रहे, कइसे एकरे अरथ आ रूप में बदलाव भइल, कब ई एह भाषा में आइल। दुसरे भाषा से आइल शब्द सभ के अध्ययन में तुलनात्मक बिधि के इस्तेमाल भी कइल जाला। तुलनात्मक बिधि भाषा बिज्ञान के अइसन टेकनीक हवे जेह में एकही रूट से आइल शब्द सभ जे अलग अलग भाषा में पावल जालें उनहन के बिकास के अध्ययन एक साथे तुलना कइ के कइल जाला। उदाहरण खाती जादेतर यूरोपीय भाषा सभ के बहुत सारा शब्दन के मूल इंडो-यूरोपियन भाषा सभ के भाषाई परिवार में काफी पाछे तक खोजल जा सके ला। आज्काल्ह के भारतीय आर्य भाषा सभ में भी संस्कृत के धातु वगैरह तक शब्द के मूल खोजल जा सके ला आ एकरो पाछे ले जा के संस्कृत फ़ारसी वगैरह के तुलना क के प्रोटो-इंडो आर्य भाषा तक ले के शब्दन के अनुमान लगावल जा सके ला। [[श्रेणी:भाषा बिज्ञान]] {{Lang-stub}} dgsf0mlvgkxbgt5d8tzwyuqr6aw06xz 0 70966 814011 659988 2026-11-06T13:03:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शूरसेन''' पुराना समय में उत्तरी भारत में एगो [[महाजनपद]] रहल जेकर राजधानी [[मथुरा]] रहे। एकर नाँव साइत मथुरे के यादव राजा शूरसेन के नाँव पर धराइल रहल। [[श्रेणी:प्राचीन भारत]] {{india-hist-stub}} 0afzpwrpphfi890qfa0y4qffanpolb4 0 71809 813905 783725 2026-11-06T12:55:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = वुलर झील | native_name = جھیل ولر | image = Wular Lake view from Hathlangoo, 2017.jpg | caption = वुलर झील | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = जम्मू काश्मीर, भारत | coords = {{coord|34|20|N|74|36|E|region:IN_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = फ्रेशपानी के झील | inflow = [[झेलम नदी]] | outflow = [[झेलम नदी]] | catchment = | basin_countries = [[भारत]] | length = {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|9.6|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/NWIA_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Atlas.pdf |title=Slide 1 |accessdate=2012-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009030215/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/NWIA_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Atlas.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | area = {{convert|12|to|100|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|14|m|abbr=on}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1,580|m|abbr=on}} | islands = जैनुल लंक | cities = बांदीपोरा | extra = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 23 मार्च 1990 | designation1_number = 461<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wular Lake|website=[[रामसर समझौता|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/461|accessdate=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510050833/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/461|archive-date=10 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> }} }} '''वुलर झील''' भारत के [[जम्मू काश्मीर]] में एगो साफ पानी के झील बा। ई बांदीपोर जिला में स्थित बाटे आ एशिया के बड़हन मीठ पानी के झील सभ में से एक हवे। एकर रकबा सीजन अनुसार घटत-बढ़त रहे ला आ 60 से 260 वर्ग किलोमीटर के बीच रहे ला। झील में [[झेलम नदी]] के पानी आवे ला आ इहे नदी से बाहर निकले ला। झील के उत्पत्ती टेक्टानिक प्रक्रिया से भइल हवे। हवा बहे पर एह में लहर उठे ला। एकर पुराना नाँव महापद्मसर हवे। झील पर्यटन के एगो प्रमुख जगह हवे आ एकरा के पर्यावरण के हिसाब से महत्वपूर्ण होखे के कारन रामसर साइट के दर्जा दिहल गइल बाटे। झील में कई किसिम के मछरी पावल जालीं आ बिबिध प्रकार के चिरई देखल जा सके लीं। वुलर झील के मुहाना पर तुलबुल परियोजना बाटे। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के झील]] [[श्रेणी:जम्मू काश्मीर के भूगोल]] {{india-geo-stub}} j2n32g6p3x3gv8fp8pwkgxygqmn20q4 0 72052 813968 662330 2026-11-06T13:00:07Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|39.9255|116.4416|region:CN-11|display=title}} {{Infobox company | name = Xiaomi Corporation | logo = Xiaomi logo.svg | logo_size = 100px | image = XiaomiHangzhouStore.jpg | image_size = 260px | image_caption = हांगझाऊ में एगो दुकान | native_name = | romanized_name = | type = | traded_as = | industry = | foundation = {{start date and age|2010|04|06|df=y}} | founder = लेइ जुन | location_city = [[बीजिंग]] | area_served = दुनियाँभर | key_people = {{plainlist| * Lei Jun (संस्थापक आ सीईओ) * Lin Bin (林斌) (संस्थापक आ प्रेसिडेंट}} | products = {{plainlist| * [[मोबाइल फोन]] * [[स्मार्टफोन]] * [[टैबलेट कंप्यूटर]] * [[लैपटॉप]] * स्मार्ट टीवी}} | revenue = {{increase}} {{CNY|174.915 billion}} <br />(~$24.5 billion) (2018)<ref name="Annual Results">{{cite web |url=https://i01.appmifile.com/webfile/globalweb/company/ir/announcement_us/ANNUAL_RESULTS_2018.pdf|title=Annual Results |accessdate=Mar 20, 2019}}</ref> | operating_income = | net_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|13.478 billion}} (2018) <ref name="Annual Results"/> | assets = {{increase}} {{CNY|145.228 billion}} (2018) <ref name="Annual Results"/> | equity = | num_employees = 16,683 (Dec 31 2018)<ref name="Annual Results"/> | owner = | location_country = [[चीन]] | homepage = {{URL|mi.com}} | module = }} '''शाओमी''' [[चीन]] के एगो इलेक्ट्रानिक कंपनी बाटे जेकर अस्थापना 2010 में भइल। एकर संस्थापक लेइ जुन बाड़ें आ एकर हेडक्वार्टर बीजिंग में बा। शाओमी कंपनी [[स्मार्टफोन]], [[लैपटॉप]], मोबाइल एप, इयरफोन, बैग, ट्रिमर, टीवी आ अउरी कई किसिम के चीज बनावे ले। 2019 के फार्च्यून ग्लोबल 500 लिस्ट में शामिल होखे वाली ई सभसे नाया बनल कंपनी बा आ एह लिस्ट में एकर रैंक 468वाँ बाटे। शाओमी आपन पहिला स्मार्टफोन 2011 के अगस्त में लांच कइलस। {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:मोबाइल फोन]] [[श्रेणी:इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स कंपनी]] {{company-stub}} fa1e1nf9kpbgd3pmaujobhou3p37kaq 0 72062 813763 662366 2026-11-06T12:09:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वायरलेस''' दू अलग अलग जगह पर मौजूद यंत्र सभ के बीचा में बिना बिजली के तार के इस्तेमाल के सूचना, डेटा भा पावर के आवाजाही संभव करे वाली टेक्नालजी हवे। एही कारन एकरा के '''बेतार''' भी कहल जाला। एह टेक्नालजी में सभसे आम प्रकार रेडियो-वेव सभ के इस्तेमाल बाटे आ सुरुआत में रेडियो खाती एह शब्द के इस्तेमाल होखे; बाद में ब्राडबैंड आ [[ब्लूटूथ]] नियर चीज के आ गइले से अब रेडियो खातिर एकर इस्तेमाल बंद हो गइल बा। एकर रेंज कुछ मीटर से ले के करोड़न किलोमीटर ले हो सके ला; उदाहरण खाती ब्लूटूथ में रेंज कुछ मीटर के होला जबकि सुदूर अंतरिक्ष में भेजल यान सभ से कम्युनिकेशन करे में ई रेंज बहुते ढेर होखे ला। {{tech-stub}} 3awqszby2xqe2tdv229fg8bfnwqnsye 0 72109 813911 662438 2026-11-06T12:56:02Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चिरायत बरबिद्या]] मे '''वेगमान''' भार अउरी वेग के गुना होखेला। ई एगो सदिक राशी हऽ। {{Infobox physical quantity | name = वेगमान | image = [[File:Billard.JPG|frameless|]] | caption = लड़ला प एगो गेना के वेगमान दोसर गेना धऽ लिहि | unit = [[kilogram metre per second|kilogram meter per second]] kg⋅m/s | dimension = MLT⁻¹ | otherunits = [[slug (unit)|slug]]⋅[[foot per second|ft/s]] | symbols = ''p'', '''p''' |conserved = Yes }} जदि बस्तु के भार {{math|''m''}} बा आउर होकर वेग {{math|'''v'''}} बा त होकर वेगमान :<math>\mathbf{p} = m \mathbf{v},</math> होई। न्यूटन के दोसरका नियम कहेला की कोनो बस्तू के वेगमान मे परिवरतन के दर ओहपे लगावल सउसे बर के बरोबर होखेला। {{Physics-stub}} 58dwkoq35o491axszi6o5x9p0p7r7iu 0 72213 814419 781472 2026-11-07T07:47:30Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox unit | image = [[Image:CarpentersRule.png|frameless]] | caption = बढ़ई लोग के रूलर जेह में सेंटीमीटर में पैमाना बनल बा। | symbol = cm | standard = [[मीटरी सिस्टम|मीट्रिक]] | quantity = [[लंबाई]] | units1 = [[एसआइ यूनिट]] | inunits1 = 10&nbsp;[[मिलीमीटर|mm]] | units2 = इंपीरियल & यूएस सिस्टम | inunits2 = ~{{convert|1|cm|in|4|disp=out|lk=out}} }} '''सेंटीमीटर''' भा '''सेंटिमीटर''' ({{Lang|en|Centimetre}}) [[मीटरी सिस्टम]] में, [[लंबाई]] नापे के एगो इकाई (यूनिट) हवे जे एक [[मीटर]] के सउवाँ हिस्सा के बरोब्बर होला; ''सेंटी'' शब्द एसआई यूनिट में सउवाँ हिस्सा {{sfrac|100}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/chapter3.html |title=Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units |publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures |year=2014 |accessdate=5 July 2015}}</ref> के कहल जाला। एकर चीन्हा '''cm''' होला आ देवनागरी में एकरा के छोट रूप में '''सेमी''' लिखल जाला। ई पहिले बेस इकाई रहल जब सेंटीमीटर-ग्राम-सेकेंड (CGS) सिस्टम के इस्तेमाल होखे जे अब चलन से बहरें हो गइल बा। हलाँकि, मीटर आ किलोमीटर के इस्तेमाल जादेतर बैज्ञानिक नापजोख में इस्तेमाल होला, बहुत सारा प्रेटीकल कामकाज सभ में सेंटीमीटर के इस्तेमाल चलन में बा। ==लंबाई के अउरी इकाई सभ से तुलना== :{| |- |rowspan=4 valign=top|1 सेंटीमीटर |= 10 [[मिलीमीटर]] |- |= 0.01 मीटर |- |= 0.<span style="text-decoration: overline;">393700787401574803149606299212598425196850</span> [[इंच]] |- | &nbsp;(एक इंच में ''सटीक'' 2.54 सेंटीमीटर होलें।) |} एक [[लीटर|मिलीलीटर]] के एसआइ यूनिट में एक घन सेंटीमीटर के बराबर आयतन के रूप में परिभाषित कइल जाला। ==युनिकोड चीन्हा== चीनी, जापानी आ कोरियाई लिखाई में चीन्हा सभ के साथे मैच करावे के मकसद से एह सेंटीमीटर के युनिकोड चीन्हा बनावल गइल बाड़ें:<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3300.pdf CJK Compatibility excerpt] from The Unicode Standard, Version 10.0.</ref> * सेंटीमीटर (㎝) – कोड 339D * वर्ग सेंटीमीटर (स्क्वेयर सेंटीमीटर) (㎠) – कोड 33A0 * घन सेंटीमीटर (क्यूबिक सेंटीमीटर) (㎤) – कोड 33A4 ई युनिकोड चीन्हा सभ चीनी-जापानी-कोरियाई (CJK) फोंट सभ के साथे इस्तेमाल होलें काहें से की इनहना के चौड़ाई एक चीनी अच्छर के चौड़ाई के बरोब्बर बाटे। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:नापजोख]] [[श्रेणी:लंबाई नापे के इकाई]] {{Measurement-stub}} 53di3c48b71fqgpmn2rqum5gvky0xi4 0 72587 813830 721495 2026-11-06T12:50:13Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[गणित]] मेे '''सत संख्या''' अईसन मात्रा हऽ जेकरा [[पाई]] पे लऊकावल जा सकेला। [[श्रेणी:गणित]] {{Math-stub}} on65jwq6vq1rk9mw2l38uc62679yvjw 0 72590 813928 798789 2026-11-06T12:57:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वैरिएबल''' के शाब्दिक अरथ होला जेकर मान (वैल्यू) बदल सकत होखे। ई गणित, स्टैटिस्टिक्स आ कंप्यूटर साइंस में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला कांसेप्ट हवे। एकर नीचे दिहल कई संदर्भ में कई अर्थ हो सके लें: * [[वैरिएबल (गणित)]] * [[वैरिएबल (कंप्यूटर साइंस)]] {{बहुअर्थी}} 9es02nr48p4vh2qamsxui4hbiop123s 0 72591 814152 721486 2026-11-06T15:53:42Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[गणित]] मे '''समूह''' अलग अलग [[बस्तु (गणित)|बस्तुअन]] के जूटाव होखेला। उदाहरन बदे 2,4 आ 6 के जब एकक करके देखल जाव तऽ ए के अलग अलग बस्तु बाड़ऽसन बाकिर जब एक्के संगे देखल जाव तऽ एगो समूह ई एगो समूह बनवले बाड़ऽसन जेकरा {2, 4, 6} लिखल जाई। [[श्रेणी:गणित]] {{Math-stub}} mrcrl9rya874rhkwzlesa67qtr3cz6f 0 72617 814349 721484 2026-11-07T05:37:10Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[गणित]] मे, '''सीमा''' एगो अईसन मान होखेला जेकर कोनो [[फलन]] ओह घड़ी पीछा करेला, जब होकर चर कोनो [[मान (गणित)|मान]] के पीछा करेला। [[श्रेणी:गणित]] {{Math-stub}} 3uoh3oe9al5t01mqqptyl6rhkt0ft4j 0 73187 813886 785265 2026-11-06T12:53:57Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विशाल आदित्य सिंह | image = Vishal_Aditya_Singh_in_2019_(cropped).jpg | caption = विशाल आदित्य सिंह २०२० में | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|1|25}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/no-time-party-birthday-boy-vishal-aditya-singh-160125%3famp|title=जन्मदिन के पार्टी करे के समय नइखे विशाल आदित्य सिंह भीरी|website=tellychakkar.com|access date=|5=|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=2023-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717055213/https://tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/no-time-party-birthday-boy-vishal-aditya-singh-160125?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[आरा]], [[बिहार]], भारत | nationality = भारतीय | occupation = एक्टर, रियलिटी टीवी स्टार | years_active = | partner(s) = | height = 1.83m<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/happy-birthday-vishal-aditya-singh-these-photos-bigg-boss-13-contestant-prove-he-total-charmer-502728%3famp|title=जन्मदिन मुबारक विशाल आदित्य सिंह: बिग बॉस १३ प्रतियोगी के इ फोटो साबित कऽ दीही की इ पुरहर जादूगर बाड़न|publisher=Pinkvilla|access date=|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2020-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610013356/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/happy-birthday-vishal-aditya-singh-these-photos-bigg-boss-13-contestant-prove-he-total-charmer-502728%3Famp|url-status=dead}}</ref> | known_for = ''बिग बॉस 13'' }} '''विशाल आदित्य सिंह''' एगो भारतीय टीवी एक्टर आ मॉडल बाड़न। इनका के ''कुल्फी कुमार बाजेवाला'' में तेवर के भूमिका खातिर जानाल जाला, वर्तमान में ई कलर्स टीवी पर प्रसारित होखे वाला रियलिटी शो ''[[बिग बॉस]] 13'' में प्रतियोगी के रूप में हिस्सा ले रहल बाडे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-13-vishal-aditya-singh-wild-card-6109969/lite/?usqp=mq331AQCKAE=&amp_js_v=0.1|title=बिग बॉस १३: विशाल आदित्य सिंह वाइल्ड कार्ड प्रतियोगी के तौर प घुसिहे |website=indianexpress-com.cdn.ampproject.org|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> {{clear}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== *{{IMDb name|7812856}} * {{Twitter|VishalSingh713|name=विशाल आदित्य सिंह}} ==संदर्भ== [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:बिग बॉस प्रतिभागी]] [[श्रेणी:1989 में जनम]] {{bio-stub}} er34du57p7feluaoj8ztzfoiavmzwvt 0 73644 814160 665389 2026-11-06T15:54:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|मसाला के आइटम|सरसो}} [[चित्र:Mustard plant bangladesh.jpg|230px|thumb|बांग्लादेस में सरसो के खेत]] [[चित्र:Yellow mustard flower.jpg|230px|thumb|भारतीय सरसो के फूल]] '''सरसो''' एक किसिम के पौधा हवे जे ''ब्रैसीकेसी'' परिवार के ''ब्रैसिका'' आ ''सिनापिस'' जाति में आवे ला। एकरे बीया के [[सरसो]] कहल जाला जे तेल निकाले आ मसाला सभ में इस्तेमाल होखे ला। {{clear}} {{plant-stub}} n41yd8luev6850us8r8p04vp03o0aa7 0 73750 814310 783766 2026-11-07T05:23:54Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Red-whiskered bulbul by Creepanta 11.jpg | image_caption = ''P. j. pyrrhotis'' (Nepal) | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pycnonotus jocosus'' | volume = 2017 | page = e.T22712634A119273079 | date = 2017 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22712634A119273079.en }}</ref> | taxon = Pycnonotus jocosus | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = * ''Lanius jocosus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''सिपाही बुलबुल''' (Red-whiskered bulbul; ''Pycnonotus jocosus'') चिरई सभ के [[बुलबुल]] परिवार के एगो [[प्रजाति]] हवे। ई [[उष्णकटिबंध|उष्णकटिबंधी]] [[एशिया]] के मूल निवासी हवे आ अउरी उष्णकटिबंधी इलाका सभ में मनुष्य द्वारा पहुँचावल गइल बा जहाँ के जंगल सभ में ई आपन आवास बना लेले बाटे। ई [[भारत]] में पोसुआ चिरई के रूप में पोसल भी जाले। ===उपप्रजाति=== सिपाही बुलबुल के कुल 9 गो उपप्रजाति सभ के पहिचानल गइल बाटे:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/bulbuls/|title=Bulbuls « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref> * ''P. j. fuscicaudatus'' - <small>([[John Gould|Gould]], 1866)</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Found in western and central India. Has a nearly complete breast band and no white tip to tail. * ''P. j. abuensis'' - <small>([[Hugh Whistler|Whistler]], 1931)</small>: Found in north-western India (type locality Mount Abu<ref>{{cite journal|author=Whistler, H. |year=1931|title=Description of new races|journal=Bull. Brit. Orn. Club |volume=52|pages=40–41}}</ref>) Is pale and has a broken breast band and no white tip to tail. * ''P. j. pyrrhotis'' - <small>([[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1850)</small>: Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''[[Ixos]]''. Found in the [[Terai]] of northern India and Nepal. It is pale above with white tail tips and a widely separated breast band * ''P. j. emeria'' - <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small>: Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''[[Motacilla]]''. Found from eastern India to south-western Thailand. Is warm brown above with a slim bill and a long crest (also introduced into Florida<ref name=florida/>) * ''P. j. whistleri'' - <small>[[Herbert Girton Deignan|Deignan]], 1948</small>: Found in the [[Andaman Islands]] and has a warm brown plumage above, a heavier bill and a shorter crest than ''P. j. emeria'' * '''Chinese red-whiskered bulbul''' (''P. j. monticola'') - <small>([[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1840)</small>: Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Ixos''. Found from eastern Himalayas to northern Myanmar and southern China and has darker upperparts than ''P. j. pyrrhotis'' * ''P. j. jocosus'' - <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>: Found in south-eastern China * ''P. j. hainanensis'' - <small>([[Masauji Hachisuka|Hachisuka]], 1939)</small>: Found on [[Hainan]] Island (off south-eastern China) * ''P. j. pattani'' - <small>Deignan, 1948</small>: Found from southern Myanmar and northern [[Malay Peninsula]] through Thailand and southern [[Indochina]] ==बिबरन== The red-whiskered bulbul is about {{convert|20|cm|in}} in length. It has brown upper-parts and whitish underparts with buff flanks and a dark spur running onto the breast at shoulder level. It has a tall pointed black crest, red face patch and thin black moustachial line. The tail is long and brown with white terminal feather tips, but the vent area is red. Juveniles lack the red patch behind the eye, and the vent area is rufous-orange. The loud and evocative call is a sharp ''kink-a-joo'' (also transcribed as ''pettigrew'' or ''kick-pettigrew'' or ''pleased to meet you''<ref name=hbk>{{cite book|author1=Ali, S. |author2=Ripley, S. D. |lastauthoramp=yes | pages=75–80|title=Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan|volume=6|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996}}</ref>) and the song is a scolding chatter. They are more often heard than seen, but will often perch conspicuously especially in the mornings when they call from the tops of trees. The life span is about 11&nbsp;years.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1928|author=Brown, C. Emerson|title=Longevity of birds in captivity|volume=45|issue=3|pages=345–348|journal=The Auk|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v045n03/p0345-p0348.pdf|format=PDF|doi=10.2307/4076026|access-date=2020-02-27|archive-date=2022-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102153005/https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v045n03/p0345-p0348.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|Pycnonotus jocosus}} *[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/red-whiskered-bulbul-pycnonotus-jocosus Red-whiskered_bulbul] on the Internet Bird Collection *[http://www.mangoverde.com/birdsound/spec/spec126-14.html Mangoverde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306191119/http://www.mangoverde.com/birdsound/spec/spec126-14.html |date=2012-03-06 }} *[http://www.pbase.com/cristianjensen/red_whiskered_bulbul ageing and sexing] {{Taxonbar|from=Q501063}} [[श्रेणी:बुलबुल]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के चिरई]] [[श्रेणी:एशिया के चिरई]] {{bird-stub}} ihw2qlr6vlwjqmh9rtisxq4zlgeml0y 0 73855 813750 788981 2026-11-06T12:08:17Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Virusbox | image = Rotavirus Reconstruction.jpg | image_alt = "Rotavirus" | image_caption = ''[[रोटावायरस]]'' | taxon = Virus | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = | subdivision_ranks = बर्गीकरण | subdivision = [[#बर्गीकरण|लेख के पाठ देखल जाय]] }} '''वायरस''' चाहे '''वाइरस''' ({{Lang|en|Virus}}) बहुत सूछ्म आकार के [[रोगकारी]] होलें जे [[रोगकारी|इन्फेक्शन]] करे लें आ कौनों जिंदा [[जीवधारी]] के [[कोशिका]] (सेल) में आपन संख्या बढ़ावे लें। वायरस सभ कौनो भी किसिम के जीवधारी के शरीर में प्रवेश क के इन्फेक्शन क सके लें, एह में जानवर आ पेड़-पौधा से ले के सूछ्मजीव सभ जइसे कि [[बैक्टीरिया]] आ आर्काइया भी शामिल बाड़ें जे इनहना से परभावित हो सके लें।<ref name="pmid16984643">{{vcite journal |author=Koonin EV, Senkevich TG, Dolja VV |title=The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells |journal=Biology Direct |volume=1 |page=29 |year=2006 |pmid=16984643 |pmc=1594570 |doi=10.1186/1745-6150-1-29}}</ref> जब दमित्री इवानोव्सकी के 1892 के लेख में बैक्टीरिया के अलावा दुसरे किसिम के [[रोगकारी]] के बारे में छपल जवना से तमाकू के पौधा परभावित होखे आ एकरे बाद मार्टिनस बेइजरिंक 1898 में टोबैको मोजैक वायरस के पहिचान कइलें<ref name="Dimmock">Dimmock p. 4</ref> तबसे ले के अबतक ले 5,000 से बेसी [[वायरस प्रजाति]] सभ के बिस्तृत बिबरन दिहल जा चुकल बाटे,<ref name="Dimmock p. 49">Dimmock p. 49</ref> जबकि पर्यावरण में कई लाख किसिम के वायरस मौजूद बाड़ें।<ref name="Breitbart M, Rohwer F 2005 278–84">{{vcite journal|authorlink1=Mya Breitbart|author=Breitbart M|author2=Rohwer F|title=Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus?|journal=Trends in Microbiology |volume=13|issue=6|pages=278–84|year=2005|pmid=15936660|doi=10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.003}}</ref> वायरस पृथिवी के लगभग हर किसिम के [[इकोसिस्टम]] में पावल जालें आ ई जीव जगत के सदस्य सभ में सभसे बेसी के संख्या वाला प्रकार हवे।<ref name="Lawrence">{{vcite journal|author=Lawrence CM, Menon S, Eilers BJ, et al.|title=Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses|journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=284|issue=19|pages=12599–603|year=2009|pmid=19158076|doi=10.1074/jbc.R800078200|pmc=2675988}}</ref><ref>{{vcite journal|author=Edwards RA, Rohwer F|title=Viral metagenomics|journal=Nature Reviews Microbiology |volume=3|issue=6|pages=504–10|year=2005|pmid=15886693|doi=10.1038/nrmicro1163}}</ref> वायरस के अध्ययन करे वाली शाखा के वाइरोलॉजी भा वायरोलॉजी कहल जाला जे माइकोबायोलॉजी (सूछ्मजीवबिज्ञान) के उपशाखा हवे। == बर्गीकरण== {{Main|वायरस बर्गीकरण}} Classification seeks to describe the diversity of viruses by naming and grouping them on the basis of similarities. In 1962, [[André Lwoff]], Robert Horne, and [[Paul Tournier]] were the first to develop a means of virus classification, based on the [[कार्ल लिंनायस|Linnaean]] hierarchical system.<ref name="pmid14467544">{{vcite journal |author=Lwoff A, Horne RW, Tournier P |title=A virus system |language=French |journal=Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences |volume=254 |pages=4225–27 |year=1962 |pmid=14467544}}</ref> This system based classification on [[phylum]], [[class (biology)|class]], [[order (biology)|order]], [[family (biology)|family]], [[genus]], and [[species]]. Viruses were grouped according to their shared properties (not those of their hosts) and the type of nucleic acid forming their genomes.<ref name="pmid13931895">{{vcite journal |author=Lwoff A, Horne R, Tournier P |title=A system of viruses |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology |volume=27 |pages=51–55 |year=1962 |pmid=13931895 |doi=10.1101/sqb.1962.027.001.008}}</ref> In 1966, the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]] (ICTV) was formed. The system proposed by Lwoff, Horne and Tournier was never fully accepted by the ICTV because small genome size viruses and their high rate of mutation makes it difficult to determine their ancestry beyond order. As such, the [[Baltimore classification]] is used to supplement the more traditional hierarchy.<ref name="pmid16105179">{{vcite journal |vauthors=Fauquet CM, Fargette D |title=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the 3,142 unassigned species |journal=Virology Journal |volume=2 |issue= |page=64 |date=August 2005 |pmid=16105179 |pmc=1208960 |doi=10.1186/1743-422X-2-64 |url=}}</ref> === ICTV classification === The [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]] (ICTV) developed the current classification system and wrote guidelines that put a greater weight on certain virus properties to maintain family uniformity. A unified taxonomy (a universal system for classifying viruses) has been established. Only a small part of the total diversity of viruses has been studied.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Delwart EL|title=Viral metagenomics|journal=Reviews in Medical Virology|volume=17|issue=2|pages=115–31|year=2007|pmid=17295196|doi=10.1002/rmv.532}}</ref> The general taxonomic structure of taxon ranges actually used (as of November 2018) is as follows: :::::[[Phylum (biology)|Phylum]] (''-viricota'') ::::::Subphylum (''-viricotina'') :::::::[[Class (biology)|Class]] (''-viricetes'') :::::::::[[Order (biology)|Order]] (''-virales'') ::::::::::Suborder (''-virineae'') :::::::::::[[Family (biology)|Family]] (''-viridae'') ::::::::::::Subfamily (''-virinae'') :::::::::::::[[Genus]] (''-virus'') ::::::::::::::Subgenus (''-virus'') :::::::::::::::[[Species]] As of 2018, [[List of Virus Orders|14 orders]], [[List of virus families and subfamilies|143 families, 64 subfamilies]], [[List of genera of viruses|846 genera]], and [[List of virus species|4,958 species]] of viruses have been defined by the ICTV.<ref>ICTV Virus Taxonomy [https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy_releases ICTV Virus Taxonomy Release History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502165101/https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy_releases |date=2020-05-02 }}</ref> The orders are the ''[[Caudovirales]]'', ''[[Herpesvirales]]'', ''[[Ligamenvirales]]'', ''[[Mononegavirales]]'', ''[[Nidovirales]]'', ''[[Ortervirales]]'', ''[[Picornavirales]]'', ''[[Bunyavirales]]'', ''[[Tymovirales]]'', ''[[Muvirales]]'', ''[[Serpentovirales]]'', ''[[Jingchuvirales]]'', ''[[Goujianvirales]]'', and ''[[Articulavirales]]''.<ref>{{vcite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|title=Taxonomy|website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)|language=en|access-date=27 November 2018|accessdate=5 March 2020|archivedate=20 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320103754/https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy}}</ref> === Baltimore classification === [[File:VirusBaltimoreClassification.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|alt=A diagram showing how the Baltimore Classification is based on a virus's DNA or RNA and method of mRNA synthesis|The Baltimore Classification of viruses is based on the method of viral [[mRNA]] synthesis]] {{Main|Baltimore classification}} The Nobel Prize-winning biologist [[David Baltimore]] devised the [[Virus classification#Baltimore classification|Baltimore classification]] system.<ref name="pmid4348509" /><ref name="pmid4377923">{{vcite journal |author=Baltimore D |title=The strategy of RNA viruses |journal=Harvey Lectures |volume=70 Series |pages=57–74 |year=1974 |pmid=4377923}}</ref> The ICTV classification system is used in conjunction with the Baltimore classification system in modern virus classification.<ref name="pmid15078590">{{vcite journal |author=van Regenmortel MH, Mahy BW |title=Emerging issues in virus taxonomy |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=8–13 |year=2004 |pmid=15078590 |doi=10.3201/eid1001.030279 |pmc=3322749}}</ref><ref name="pmid10486120">{{vcite journal |author=Mayo MA |title=Developments in plant virus taxonomy since the publication of the 6th ICTV Report. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |journal=Archives of Virology |volume=144 |issue=8 |pages=1659–66 |year=1999 |pmid=10486120|doi=10.1007/s007050050620}}</ref><ref name="pmid15183049">{{vcite journal |author=de Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H |title=Classification of papillomaviruses |journal=Virology |volume=324 |issue=1 |pages=17–27 |year=2004 |pmid=15183049 |doi=10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033}}</ref> The Baltimore classification of viruses is based on the mechanism of [[mRNA]] production. Viruses must generate mRNAs from their genomes to produce proteins and replicate themselves, but different mechanisms are used to achieve this in each virus family. Viral genomes may be single-stranded (ss) or double-stranded (ds), RNA or DNA, and may or may not use [[reverse transcriptase]] (RT). In addition, ssRNA viruses may be either [[sense (molecular biology)|sense]] (+) or antisense (−). This classification places viruses into seven groups: {{Baltimore groups}} As an example of viral classification, the [[chicken pox]] virus, [[varicella zoster]] (VZV), belongs to the order ''[[Herpesvirales]]'', family ''[[Herpesviridae]]'', subfamily ''[[Alphaherpesvirinae]]'', and genus ''[[Varicellovirus]]''. VZV is in Group I of the Baltimore Classification because it is a dsDNA virus that does not use reverse transcriptase. The complete set of viruses in an organism or habitat is called the [[virome]]; for example, all human viruses constitute the [[human virome]].<ref name="pmid27698618">{{vcite journal |vauthors=Parker MT |title=An Ecological Framework of the Human Virome Provides Classification of Current Knowledge and Identifies Areas of Forthcoming Discovery |journal=The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=339–51 |year=2016 |pmid=27698618 |doi= |pmc=5045143}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} ==स्रोत ग्रंथ== {{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * Collier, Leslie; Balows, Albert; Sussman, Max (1998) ''Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections'' ninth edition, Volume 1, ''Virology'', volume editors: Mahy, Brian and Collier, Leslie. Arnold. {{ISBN|0-340-66316-2}}. * Dimmock, N.J; Easton, Andrew J; Leppard, Keith (2007) ''Introduction to Modern Virology'' sixth edition, Blackwell Publishing, {{ISBN|1-4051-3645-6}}. * Knipe, David M; Howley, Peter M; Griffin, Diane E; Lamb, Robert A; Martin, Malcolm A; Roizman, Bernard; Straus Stephen E. (2007) ''Fields Virology'', Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. {{ISBN|0-7817-6060-7}}. * Shors, Teri (2008). ''Understanding Viruses''. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. {{ISBN|0-7637-2932-9}}. {{Refend}} [[श्रेणी:वाइरस| ]] [[श्रेणी:जीव बिज्ञान]] {{biology-stub}} f7zog6l7e78m9izmojtgw5o3tz1larz 0 73952 813997 802634 2026-11-06T13:02:24Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = शिवमूर्ति | image = शिवमूर्ति.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|03|11}} | birth_place = | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | death_place = | resting_place = | occupation = | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | nationality = भारतीय | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genres = कहानी, उपन्यास | subject = स्त्री विमर्श, दलित विमर्श | movement = | notableworks = ''त्रिशूल'' (उपन्यास) | spouse = सरिता देवी | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | years_active = }} '''शिवमूर्ति''' (जनम 11 मार्च 1950) हिंदी भाषा के एगो कहानीकार आ उपन्यासकार बाड़ें।<ref>[https://www.hindisamay.com/writer/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF-SHIVMURTI.cspx?id=387 लेखक परिचय], हिंदी समय पर।</ref> उत्तर प्रदेश के सुल्तानपुर जिला के कुरंग गाँव<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/sahitya/literary-works-3089.html |title=कथाकार शिवमूर्ति के गांव में |publisher=Jagran.com |date=2012-03-11 |accessdate=2020-03-11 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118135249/https://www.jagran.com/sahitya/literary-works-3089.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> में जनमल शिवमूर्ति के सुरुआती पढ़ाई गाँवे में भइल। त्रिशूल, तर्पण, आखिरी छलाँग इनके परसिद्ध उपन्यास बाड़ें आ इनके लिखल कहानी सभ में कसाईबाड़ा, तिरिया चरित्तर आ भरतनाट्यम के खास पहिचान मिलल। केशर कस्तूरी आ कुच्ची का क़ानून इनके कहानी संग्रह बाड़ें।<ref>[http://rajkamalprakashan.com/index.php/raj/jmproducts/filter/index/?author=542 लेखक शिवमूर्ति] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231180237/http://rajkamalprakashan.com/index.php/raj/jmproducts/filter/index/?author=542 |date=2019-12-31 }}, राजकमल प्रकाशन के वेबसाइट पर लेखक परिचय।</ref> शिवमूर्ति के रचना सभ दलित, स्त्री आ गाँव के वंचित लोगन के कहानी कहें लीं।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/shivmurthy-spin-doctors-of-the-suffering-of-the-underprivileged-1-720471.html |title=शिवमूर्ति: वंचितों की पीड़ा का किस्सागो - Shivmurthy spin doctors of the suffering of the underprivileged - AajTak |publisher=Aajtak.intoday.in |date=2013-02-01 |accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> {{clear}} ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://rajkamalprakashan.com/blog/post/shivmurti-books-introduction?srsltid=AfmBOoqhxCmPJgE9A34hcPW9Ue_Y4HvOZoNWnN36CfjngOileyfYf9S6 शिवमूर्ति का रचना संसार]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. राजकमल ब्लॉग पर। * [https://rajkamalprakashan.com/blog/post/shivmurti-books-introduction?srsltid=AfmBOoqhxCmPJgE9A34hcPW9Ue_Y4HvOZoNWnN36CfjngOileyfYf9S6 शिवमूर्ति]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. हिंदी समय पर। * [https://www.hindwi.org/poets/shivmurti/profile शिवमूर्ति]. हिन्दवी.कॉम पर। [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1950 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के उपन्यासकार]] {{writer-stub}} 52d93iqb0fcdpz46o7rmm1193m3b1tp 0 74097 813907 666739 2026-11-06T12:55:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वुहान''' चाहे '''वूहान''', [[चीन]] के [[हूबेइ]] प्रांत के सभसे बड़ा शहर आ एकर राजधानी हवे। ई शहर मध्य चीन के सभसे बड़ा शहर हवे जहाँ के आबादी लगभग 11 मिलियन (1.1 करोड़) बाटे आ ई चीन के 9वाँ सभसे बड़ शहर हवे। 2020 में ई शहर खास चर्चा में आइल जब इहाँ से [[2019–20 कोरोनावायरस महामारी|कोरोनावायरस महामारी]] के सुरुआत भइल। [[श्रेणी:चीन के शहर]] {{geo-stub}} 343hlpwjzjbpw66y2lzhw3nvkp7u48i 0 74320 814438 739149 2026-11-07T07:48:56Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox book <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --> | name = सेवासदन | title_orig = | translator = | image = | caption = | author = [[मुंशी प्रेमचंद]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | series = | genre = [[उपन्यास]] | publisher = | release_date = 19१८ | english_release_date = | media_type = छापा (हार्डबैक & पेपरबैक) | pages = | isbn = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }} '''''सेवासदन''''' [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]]के प्रसिद्ध उपन्यासकार [[प्रेमचंद]] द्वारा लिखल उपन्यास बा। १९१८ ई. में प्रकाशित इ उपन्यास प्रेमचंद के हिंदी में प्रसिद्ध कर दिहले वा। एकर पहले उ उर्दू में लिखत रहलें। सेवासदन स्त्री जीवन पर आधारित उपन्यास वा। == कहानी == सुमन ई उपन्यास के कथानायिका वा। ओकर बाप कृष्णचंद्र एगो ईमानदार दरोगा रहलें। दहेज के जुटावे खातिर उनखा रिश्वत लेवे पड़ल। थाना के दूसर करमचारी हिस्सा न मिले से दुखी होके कृष्णचंद्र के पकड़ा दिहले। सुमन के अपन माय गंगाजली तथा छोटकी बहिन शांता के साथ मामा के यहाँ जाय पड़ल। दहेज के बिना ओकर तय शादी टूट गइल और अंत में दुहाजू गजाधर के साथ बियाह करे पड़ल। गजाधर के संगे सुमन शहर में आ गइल। उ अपन पड़ोसन भोली बाई के वेश्या रहे पर भी बड़ी पूछ होते देखलक। भोली बाई के मंदिर में बुलावल जात रहले। ओकर ुत्सव में शहर के बड़कन लोग आवत रहले। शहर के वकील पद्म सिंह के हियाँ भी बालक जन्म पर ओकरे नाच रखल गेल। इधर सुमन के कोई न पूछत रहले। ओकर दिन गरीबी में हर चीज ला तरसत जाला। पति ओकरा पर दुष्चरित्र होवे के शक करे लागल। दुन्हु जना के बीच खूब झगड़ा होवे लागल। एक रात गजाधर सुमन के घर से निकाल दिहले। बेघर सुमन के भोली सहारा दिहले वा। भोली की संगती में सुमनो दालमंडी में जाय के फैसला कर लेलक। सुमन के दशा देखके पद्म सिंह, बिट्ठल दास आदि अपना के दोषी समझे लगलन। नगर निगम के चुनाव में पद्म सिंह के जितला के बाद दाल मंडी के हटावे के खातिर नियम बनावल गेल। अंत में सुमन दालमंडी छोड़ के सेवासदन के स्थापना कइले वा। ओकरा में उ वेश्याओं की लड़कियन के शिक्षा, हस्तकला, गीत आदि सिखावे देवे लगल। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी भाषा के उपन्यास]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय उपन्यास]] [[श्रेणी:प्रेमचंद के लिखल उपन्यास]] {{novel-stub}} rijsair4ftajfjhs3ji8rfar7his8fd 0 75082 814338 722440 2026-11-07T05:36:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Sir CV Raman.JPG|thumb|सी. वी. रमन (1930)]] '''चंद्रशेखर वेंकटरमन''' ('''सी. वी. रमन''') भारतीय भौतिक शास्त्री रहने। प्रकाश के प्रकीर्णन पर उत्कृष्ट कार्य के खातिर 1930 में उनके भौतिकी के प्रतिष्ठित नोबेल पुरस्कार देहल गइल।। उनका आविष्कार उनके ही नाम पर "रमन प्रभाव" के नाम से जानल गइल। 1954 में उनके भारत सरकार द्वारा भारत रत्न से विभूषित गइल आ 1957 में लेनिन शान्ति पुरस्कार प्रदान कइल गइल। [[श्रेणी:1888 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1970 में निधन]] {{bio-stub}} ssm3fdbjw4dzjz1n3cya8p7jw37joy8 0 75158 813918 786670 2026-11-06T12:56:32Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wayback Machine | logo = Wayback Machine logo 2010.svg | logo_size = | logo_alt = Stylized text saying: "INTERNET ARCHIVE WAYBACK MACHINE". The text is in black, except for "WAYBACK", which is in red. | screenshot = | caption = | collapsible = no | url = {{Official URL}} | type = पुरालेख<br><small>आर्काइव (Archive)</small> | registration = बैकल्पिक | programming_language = [[जावा (प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा)|जावा]], [[पाइथन]] | area_served = [[बिस्व|दुनियाँ भर]] (चीन आ रूस के छोड़ के) | owner = [[इंटरनेट आर्काइव]] | launch_date = {{start date and age|2001|10|24}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/waybackmachine.org |title=WayBackMachine.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools |work=WHOIS |date= |accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/internetarchive.org|title=InternetArchive.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools |work=WHOIS |date= |accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref> | alexa = {{Increase}} 166 ({{asof|2020|04|15|alt=April 2020}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |title=Archive.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa |url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org |website=alexa.com |accessdate=2020-04-15 |archive-date=2020-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518192525/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org |url-status=dead }}</ref> | current_status = चालू <!-- | revenue = This parameter is more appropriate for the Internet Archive article. This article is only about the website. --> }} '''वेबैक मशीन''' (अंग्रेजी: Wayback Machine) एक किसिम के डिजिटल पुरालेखागार (आर्काइव) हवे जेह पर [[वल्ड वाइड वेब]] के पुराना चीजन के संग्रह कइल जाला। एकर अस्थापना सैन फ्रांसिस्को में मौजूद एगो बिनालाभ काम करे वाली संस्था [[इंटरनेट आर्काइव]] द्वारा कइल गइल। ई अइसन सुबिधा देला जेकरे इस्तेमाल से वेबसाइट के देखे वाला लोग "पुराना समय में वापिस" जा सके ला आ देख सके ला कि पहिले ई वेबसाइट सभ कइसन देखलाई पड़ें आ इनहन पर पहिले का सामग्री रह (जे हो सके ला अब हट गइल होखे)। वेबैक मशीन के संस्थापक ब्र्यूस्टर काह्ले आ ब्रूस गिलीयत हवे लोग जे एह नीयत के साथे एकरा के बनावल कि पुरान आ बंद हो चुकल वेबपन्ना सभ के पुरालेखित, मने की आर्काइव कइल गइल, कॉपी सभ के अँगेज के "सगरी जानकारी तक युनिवर्सल पहुँच" उपलब्ध करावल जा सके।{{efn|the intention of providing "universal access to all knowledge" by preserving archived copies of defunct webpages.}} जब ई 2001 में लांच भइल ओकरा बाद से 452 बिलियन (4.52 खरब) पन्ना सभ के एह आर्काइव में जोड़ल गइल बाटे। एह सर्विस के चलते इहो बिबाद मचल चुकल बाटे कि बिना मालिक के परमीशन के कौनों वेबपन्ना के आर्काइव बनावल जाय की ना, काहें से कि कुछ देस आ राज्यक्षेत्रन के कानूनी सीमा में अइसन काम कॉपीराइट के उलंघन हो सके ला। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[इंटरनेट आर्काइव]] * [[इंटरनेट]] * [[वल्ड वाइड वेब]] == नोट == <references group="नोट"/> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{Official website}} * {{cite web|url= https://archive.org/about/terms.php/|title= Terms of use, privacy and copyright policy|website= archive.org|date= 31 दिसंबर 2014}} * {{cite web|url= https://m.wikihow.com/Use-the-Internet-Archive%27s-Wayback-Machine/|title= Basic users'how-to guide for searching or saving ''web pages''|website= WikiHow.com|language= en, de, es, fr, it}} * {{cite video|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8I28erYFLc | title = Internet history is fragile. This archive is making sure it doesn’t disappear | publisher = PBS Newshour | location = San Francisco | access-date=19 सितंबर 2018 }} === मिरर === * {{cite web|url= http://archive.bibalex.org/|title= Official mirror of the Wayback Machine|place= Bibliotheca Alexandrina|access-date= 2020-04-24|archive-date= 2009-03-18|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090318144430/http://archive.bibalex.org/|url-status= dead}} Years 1996-2007 (as of 2019). === उपयोगी चीज === * {{cite web|url= http://archive-access.sourceforge.net/projects/wayback/|title= OpenWayback. FOSS java and perl, with proxy replay mode|website= [[sourceforge]][[.net]]|access-date= 2020-04-24|archive-date= 2011-09-16|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110916170854/http://archive-access.sourceforge.net/projects/wayback/|url-status= dead}} (by [[International Internet Preservation Consortium|IIPC]]) * {{cite web|url= https://github.com/hartator/wayback-machine-downloader/|title= Tool to retrieve a backup from the Wayback Machine|website= [[GitHub|github.com]]}} [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट के इतिहास]] {{Internet-stub}} jr8s1ww2uf2fv2k3pkfnwqxrvryn0ew 0 75325 813976 680705 2026-11-06T13:00:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Sharks | fossil_range = [[लुडफोर्डियन]]-वर्तमान, {{fossil range|425|0}}<ref name="PBDB.org">{{cite web |title=Selachii (shark) |website=The Paleontological Database (PBDB) |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352363&is_real_user=1 |access-date=2018-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710195613/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352363&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2018-07-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> | image = TDpGUipa.jpg | image_caption = ऊपर बाएं से घड़ी के दिसा में: [[स्पाइनी डॉगफिश]], [[जापानी सॉशार्क]], [[व्हेल शार्क]], [[ग्रेट वाइट शार्क]], [[हार्न शार्क]], [[फ्रिल्ड शार्क]], [[स्कैलूप्ड हैमरहेड]] आ [[ऑस्ट्रेलियाई एंजेलशार्क]]<!-- representing the orders Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, Heterodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes and Squatiniformes respectively.--> | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Selachimorpha | authority = | subdivision_ranks = <!-- Orders--> | subdivision = <!-- [[Carcharhiniformes]]<br /> [[Bullhead shark|Heterodontiformes]]<br /> [[Hexanchiformes]]<br /> [[Lamniformes]]<br /> [[Carpet shark|Orectolobiformes]]<br /> [[Sawshark|Pristiophoriformes]]<br /> [[Squaliformes]]<br /> [[Angel shark|Squatiniformes]]<br /> † [[Cladoselachiformes]]<br /> † [[Hybodontiformes]]<br /> † [[Symmoriida]]<br /> † [[Xenacanthida]] (Xenacantiformes) {{extinct}} ''[[Elegestolepis]] <center>† = extinct</center> | synonyms = :Pleurotremata --> }} '''शार्क''' मछरी सभ के एगो [[कुल (जीव बिज्ञान)|कुल खानदान]] ह जेकरा भीतर कई ठे प्रजाति के शार्क होलीं। शार्क सभ के बैज्ञानिक रूप से सेलाचीमॉर्फ़ा (Selachimorpha) चाहे सेलाची (Selachii) क्लाड में रखल जाला। इनहन के शरीर में हड्डी ना होले बलुक ओकरे जगह कार्टिलेज होला जे एक किसिम के रबर नियर लचकदार बाकी मजबूत चीज हवे जे हड्डी के काम करे ला। शार्क सभ के लगभग 350 अलग-अलग किसिम पावल जालीं, जइसे कि [[बिसाल सफेद शार्क|ग्रेट वाइट शार्क]] आ [[व्हेल शार्क]]। पुराना ज़माना के फॉसिल रिकार्ड से पता चले ला कि शार्क सभ एह धरती पर करीब 420 मिलियन बरिस पहिले से मौजूद बाड़ी, जब सुरुआती सिल्यूरियन काल रहे तबसे ले के अबतक ले।<ref>This includes the early fossil sharks which are classified under [[Elasmobranchii]]. [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/geologic_time.htm Elasmo-research.org] - Biology of Sharks and Rays</ref> ग्रेट वाइट शार्क सभसे बड़हन साइज के शार्क होखे लीं। ज्यादातर शार्क सभ शिकारी होली, मने की ऊ शिकार करे लीं आ समुंद्री छोट मछरी, मैमल आ अउरी समुंद्री जीव सभ के मार के खालीं। हालाँकि, सभसे बड़ शार्क सभ व्हेल नियर, क्रिल सभ के खालीं। आम तौर पर ई मानल जाला कि शार्क चुपचाप शिकार करे लीं आ "साइलेंट-किलर" होखे लीं, बाकी हाल के अध्ययन में ई पता लगावल गइल बा कि ई अपना गला से मद्धिम गुरगुराहट के आवाज निकाले लीं जे इनहन के स्केल्स (सांस लेवे वाला छेद) से हो के गूँज पैदा करे ला। जादेतर शार्क सभ ठंढा खून वाला जीव होली बाकी कुछ बड़ शार्क सभ जइसे कि ग्रेट वाइट शार्क आ माको शार्क सभ कुछ हद तक गरम खून बाली होखे लीं। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:समुंद्री जीव]] [[श्रेणी:समुंद्री मछरी]] [[श्रेणी:शार्क| ]] {{Animal-stub}} tix4ttf1sc3daf5cm7sxfjvjft68itn 0 75589 813894 742293 2026-11-06T12:54:55Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = वी. वी. एस. लक्ष्मण | image = VVS Laxman99.jpg | caption = | fullname = वेंगिपूरपु वेंकटसाईं लक्ष्मण | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|11|1|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[हैदराबाद]], [[तेलंगाना]], भारत | nickname = वी वी एस, वेरी वेरी स्पेशल | batting = दहिने हाथ से | bowling = दहिने हाथ से ऑफ स्पिन | role = | international = वास्तविक | country = भारत | internationalspan = 1996–2012 | testdebutdate = 20 नवंबर | testdebutyear = 1996 | testdebutagainst = दक्षिण अफ्रीका | testcap = 209 | lasttestdate = 24 जनवरी | lasttestyear = 2012 | lasttestagainst = ऑस्ट्रेलिया | odidebutdate = 9 अप्रैल | odidebutyear = 1998 | odidebutagainst = ज़िम्बाब्वे | odicap = 112 | lastodidate = 3 दिसंबर | lastodiyear = 2006 | lastodiagainst = दक्षिण अफ्रीका | club1 = हैदराबाद | year1 = 1992–2012 | club2 = [[लैंकाशायर काउंटी क्रिकेट क्लब|लैंकाशायर]] | year2 = 2007–2009 | club3 = [[डेक्कन चार्जर्स]] | year3 = 2008–2010 | club4 =कोच्चि टस्कर्स केरला | year4 = 2011 | columns = 4 | column1 = [[टेस्ट क्रिकेट|टेस्ट]] | column2 = [[एक दिवसीय अंतर्राष्ट्रीय|वनडे]] | column3 = [[प्रथम श्रेणी क्रिकेट|प्रथम श्रेणी]] | column4 = [[लिस्ट ए क्रिकेट|लिस्ट ए]] | matches1 = 134 | matches2 = 86 | matches3 = 267 | matches4 = 173 | runs1 = 8,781 | runs2 = 2,338 | runs3 = 19,730 | runs4 = 5,078 | bat avg1 = 45.5 | bat avg2 = 30.76 | bat avg3 = 51.64 | bat avg4 = 34.54 | 100s/50s1 = 17/56 | 100s/50s2 = 6/10 | 100s/50s3 = 55/98 | 100s/50s4 = 9/28 | top score1 = 281 | top score2 = 131 | top score3 = 353 | top score4 = 153 | deliveries1 = 324 | deliveries2 = 42 | deliveries3 = 1,835 | deliveries4 = 698 | wickets1 = 2 | wickets2 = 0 | wickets3 = 22 | wickets4 = 8 | bowl avg1 = 63.00 | bowl avg2 = – | bowl avg3 = 34.27 | bowl avg4 = 68.50 | fivefor1 = 0 | fivefor2 = – | fivefor3 = 0 | fivefor4 = 0 | tenfor1 = 0 | tenfor2 = – | tenfor3 = 0 | tenfor4 = 0 | best bowling1 = 1/2 | best bowling2 = – | best bowling3 = 3/11 | best bowling4 = 2/42 | catches/stumpings1 = 135/– | catches/stumpings2 = 39/– | catches/stumpings3 = 277/1 | catches/stumpings4 = 74/– | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-india-2011/content/player/30750.html ईएसपीएन क्रिकइन्फो | date = 8 मई | year = 2020 }} '''वेंगिपूरपु वेंकटसाईं लक्ष्मण''' जिनका '''वी. वी. एस. लक्ष्मण''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एक ठे भारतीय क्रिकेट खेलाड़ी बाड़ें। लक्ष्मण दहिने हाथ क बल्लेबाज आऊर ऑफ स्पिनर हवें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:1974 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय क्रिकेट खेलाड़ी]] {{Cricket-bio-stub}} 01rmt8ib1pdzdoln3063t9crizd5zhh 0 75598 813963 672471 2026-11-06T12:59:55Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शहरी जलबहाव''' अइसन किसिम के [[सतही जलबहाव]] हवे जे शहरीकरण के परिणाम हवे। आमतौर पर ई अक्सरहा शहर के लोगन खाती जलभराव, बाढ़ आ प्रदूषण के कारण बने ला। एकरा चलते बिबिध किसिम के तत्व आसपास के पानी के भंडार में जा सके लें जिनहन से [[पानी प्रदूषण]] होला। {{environ-stub}} k0p0efmxmh062kn3ef2hmv5zrn5wdbi 0 75857 814007 722484 2026-11-06T13:03:15Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info --> |name = शुद्धोधन |other_name = Suddhodhan |native_name = शुद्धोधन गांवपालिका |nickname = |settlement_type = [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|गाँवपालिका]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nepal |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_mapsize = 280 <!-- Location ------------------> |pushpin_map_caption = प्रदेश संख्या 5 में लोकेशन |pushpin_relief = 1 |coordinates = {{coord|27.54|83.15|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{flag|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपाल के प्रदेश|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[प्रदेश संख्या 5]] |subdivision_type2 = [[नेपाल के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] |subdivision_name2 = [[कपिलवस्तु जिला। कपिलवस्तु]] |<!-- Politics --> |established_title = अस्थापना |established_date = 10 मार्च 2017 <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 91.69<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 45201 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[नेपाल समय]] |utc_offset = +5:45 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = डाक कोड |postal_code = |area_code = 057 |website = [http://shuddhodhanmunrupandehi.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] |footnotes = }} '''शुद्धोधन गांवपालिका''' [[नेपाल]] के [[प्रदेश संख्या 6]] के कपिलवस्तु जिला में एगो [[गाँवपालिका]] बा। एह गाँवपालिका के अस्थापना 10 मार्च 2017 के भइल आ नाया प्रशासनिक बिभाजन लागू भइल जेह में पहिले के ''' सौ.फर्साटीकर ''', ''' मानपकडी ''', ''' मानमटेरिया ''' आ ''' ख.वनगाई ''' गाँव बिकास समिति (गाविस) सभ के बिलय क के नाया ''' शुद्धोधन गांवपालिका ''' बनल ह। यी गांवपालिकाके नाम गौतम बुद्ध के पिताके नामसे नामांकित कइलासे शुद्धोधन गाँउपालिकाके आपन अलग पहिचान रहल ह। यी गांवपालिका में कूल 7 गो वार्ड बाटे। एकर केन्द्र साविकके '''मानपकरी ''' गाविस में राखल गइल ह। साल 2011 के जनगणना के आँकड़ा अनुसार एह गाँवपालिका के कुल जनसँख्या 45201 बा आ रकबा 91.69 वर्ग किलोमीटर बा। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:कपिलवस्तु जिला के नगरपालिका आ गाँवपालिका]] [[श्रेणी:प्रदेश संख्या 5 के गाँवपालिका सभ]] 1vsxu5kjdv5ayf19ygrhga5e6qav3dl 0 76118 814421 772360 2026-11-07T07:47:49Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सेगा''' ([[जापानी भाषा]]: '''株式会社セガ''') जापानी [[बिडियो गेम]] कंपनी बाटे। सेगा कंप्यूटर गेम बनावेला। {{Company-stub}} sixdtcaeuafyb3q0148m30afq4xxy84 0 76139 814435 769600 2026-11-07T07:48:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* जीनगी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सेल्योक्स''' ([[यूनानी भाषा]]: Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ) [[सिकंदर]] के सेनापति रहे आ होकर मुअला के बाद मध्य एशिया के सासक बनल। == जीनगी == सेल्योक्स [[अंटियोकस]] के पूत रहे, हेकर जनम [[यरोपस]] मे भइल रहे। {{Hist-stub}} qvy80741lno9chql5svu0bo6w37oxk8 0 76204 813900 714804 2026-11-06T12:55:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वीर कुंवर सिंह संग्रहालय''' [[बिहार]] राज्य मे [[आरा]] नगर से नियरे [[जगदीशपुर]] मे एगो [[म्यूजियम|संग्रहालय]] बाटे। हेकरा नांव [[1857 के बिद्रोह]] स्वतंत्रता सेनानी [[कुंवर सिंह]] के नांव प धइल बा। [[श्रेणी:सारन जिला]] {{Bihar-stub}} l2hn7inocsok733dl4sp0ox3ybqhra4 0 76209 814044 673633 2026-11-06T13:06:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = संखुवासभा जिला | title = [[संखुवासभा जिला]] के [[नेपाल के नगरपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|नगरपालिका]] आ [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|गाँवपालिका]] <br> | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | image = [[File:Morang district location.png|160px]] | above = [[जिला समन्वय समिति]] के कार्यालय: '''[[खांदवारी]]''' | titlestyle = | group1= [[नेपाल के नगरपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|नगरपालिका]]<br>(5) | list1= [[खांदवारी नगरपालिका]] {{*}} [[चैनपुर नगरपालिका]] {{*}} [[धर्मदेवी नगरपालिका]] {{*}} [[मादी नगरपालिका]] {{*}} [[पांचखपन नगरपालिका]] |group2= [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|गाँवपालिका]]<br>(8) |list2= [[भोटखोला गांवपालिका]] {{*}} [[चिचीला गांवपालिका]] {{*}} [[मकालु गांवपालिका]] {{*}} [[सभापोखरी गांवपालिका]] {{*}} [[सिलीचोंग गांवपालिका]] |below = लिस्ट: [[नेपाल के नगरपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|नेपाल के नगरपालिका]] {{*}} [[नेपाल के गाँवपालिका सभ के लिस्ट|गाँवपालिका]] }} <noinclude> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल जिला टेम्पलेट]] [[श्रेणी:संखुवासभा जिला|t]] </noinclude> 101euzsriyo8bx4748esq5dox4n6y3p 0 76246 813901 674509 2026-11-06T12:55:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वीर कुंवर सिंह स्टेडियम''' [[बिहार]] के [[आरा]] नगर मे एगो स्टेडियम बा। एकर क्षमता 10,000 दरसक के बाटे। एकर परजोग क्रिकेट चाहे फुटबॉल मैच करवावे ला होखॆला। [[श्रेणी:सारन जिला]] {{Bihar-stub}} jvv8jdgjijls03clt5ekiarujn9ok4m 0 76333 814097 674027 2026-11-06T15:04:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* मौसम के परभाब */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riyadh Skyline.jpg|thumb|300px|रियाद के भावनन के छबी]] '''[[सऊदी अरब]] के भवन निर्मान''' एहिजा के भूइं आ मौसम के धेआन राख के होखेला जेकरा चलते ई अजुबा बन जाला। [[सउदी अरब]] पक्खिमि एशिया के [[रेगिस्तान]] लगे एगो देस बाटे। एहिजा के मौसम अलग अलग जगहा प अलग बा एही चलते भवन निर्मान अलग तरे होखेला। ==मौसम के परभाब== आजि के सऊदी अरब चार भाग मे बाँटल जा सकेला, सभ जगह मौसम दोसर होखेला एही चलते भवन बनावे के बिधो अलग होखला। [[श्रेणी:सउदी अरब]] [[श्रेणी:आर्किटेक्चर शैली]] {{Struct-stub}} r1qu67vu01w75y7tmtafsftu5vnedeh 0 76446 813764 748150 2026-11-06T12:09:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* स्रोत ग्रंथ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वायु पुराण''' एगो [[संस्कृत]] ग्रंथ आ आठारह गो मुख्य [[पुराण]]न में से एगो पुराण बाटे। एह में 24000 श्लोक बाड़ें।{{Sfn|विंटरनित्ज|1922|p=14}} बाकिर पांडुलिपि मे खाली 12000 श्लोक बाड़ें।{{Sfn|विल्सन|1864|p=xxxix}} कोनो पांडुलिपि मे चार गो पद आ एक सै बारह गो अध्याय बा त कोनो मे दू खंड आ एक सै एगारह गो अध्याय बाड़ें।{{Sfn|रोचर|1986|pp=243-244}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == स्रोत ग्रंथ == *{{citation |first=लुडो |last=रोचर | year= 1986| authorlink= | title= The Puranas| publisher= Otto Harrassowitz Verlag| isbn= 978-3447025225}} *{{cite book |last= विल्सन |first=एच. एच. |authorlink= |title=The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition (Volume 1: Introduction, Book I) |year=1864 | url=https://archive.org/stream/vishnupurnsyst01wils#page/n3/mode/2up | publisher=Read Country Books (reprinted in 2006) |isbn=1-84664-664-2}} *{{cite book |series= |last=विंटरनित्ज |first=मॉरिज |authorlink= |title=History of Indian Literature Vol 1 (Original in German, translated into English by VS Sarma, 1981) |year=1922 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint 2010) |location=New Delhi |isbn= 978-8120802643}} [[श्रेणी:पुराण]] {{Book-stub}} {{Hindu-myth-stub}} 18xmvjrygjicdxwvl3hebv6gob44wqr 0 76488 813859 722475 2026-11-06T12:52:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वितासोक''' चाहे '''तीस्सा''' [[मौर्य साम्राज्य]] के एगो राजकुमार आ [[अशोक|असोक]] के साहोदर भाई रहलन। इहे एगो भाई रहलन जिनकरा असोक जिंदा छोड़ले रहलन। ई एगो बौद्ध भिक्खू बन गइल रहलन। == नाँव == [[श्री लंका]] के लेखन मे हिनकरा तिस्सा कहल बा।<ref>Yuan Chwang's travels in India Volumes 14-15 of Oriental Translation Fund Volume 2 of On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, 629-645 A.D, Stephen Wootton Bushell Authors Thomas Watters, Vincent Arthur Smith Editors Thomas William Rhys Davids, Stephen Wootton Bushell Royal Asiatic Society, 1905 p. 95</ref><ref>Ashoka, the Buddhist Emperor of India, Volume 2 Volume 29 of Rulers of India, Ashoka, the Buddhist emperor of India, Vincent Arthur Smith, Edition 2, Clarendon Press, 1901, p. 162</ref> थेरगाथा मे तिस्सा आ वितासोक के एक बेकत नइखे मानल गइल।<ref>Ashoka, Radhakumud Mookerji, Edition 3, Motilal Banarsidass, 1995, p.7</ref> आउर सभ लेखन मे हिनकर नांव वितासोक, सुदत्त चाहे सुगत्र लिखल बा। [[महावंस]] मे हिनकरा "एकविहरिका" कहल बा।<ref name=thapar>{{cite book|last1=Thapar|first1=Romila|authorlink1=Romila Thapar|title=Aśoka and the decline of the Mauryas|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780198077244|edition=3rd|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.001.0001/acprof-9780198077244-chapter-2|accessdate=9 January 2016|chapter=2|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:मौर्य साम्राज्य]] {{India-hist-stub}} prwqkv7za5aukfdpcbzgh0b5sl35l3y 0 76715 813904 803320 2026-11-06T12:55:37Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''वूमेन पावर लाइन''''' ({{Lang|en|Women Power Line}}) [[उत्तर प्रदेश पुलिस]] क भारतीय समाज के परेशान करे वाली ई असामयिक समस्या: यौन उत्पीड़न, और एकर जड़ से हमरे समाज क पितृसत्तात्मक मानसिकता क गलतफहमी क विरुद्ध चलावे जाये वाला अभियान बा।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uphome.gov.in/wpl-hi.htm|title=वूमेन पावर लाइन|website=गृह विभाग, उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221030407/http://uphome.gov.in/wpl-hi.htm|archive-date=21 दिसंबर 2019|access-date=26 जून 2020}}</ref> ई महीलन क सुरक्षा खातिर काम करे वाला सरकारी कॉल सेंटर बा। ई 24x7 काम करे ला। ==इतिहास== उत्तर प्रदेश में महीलन क सुरक्षा अऊर उनकरे में जागरूकता लावे खातिर औउर महिला उत्पीड़न क घटना के सख्ती से रोके खातिर उत्तर प्रदेश क अखिलेश यादव सरकार 2012 में वुमन पावर लाइन 1090 क स्थापना कइले। वूमेन पावर लाइन 1090 सेवा के अऊर मजबूत बनावे खातिर 2014 में "वुमेन सिक्योरिटी ऍप 1090" (महिला सुरक्षा ऍप १०९०) सेवा भी प्रारंभ कइल गइल बा। ==संदर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश में शिक्षा]] [[श्रेणी:नारीवाद]] {{UP-stub}} 7hoi3vkch66p0lcudnn2bf0wkeydhrv 0 77044 814336 676265 2026-11-07T05:36:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिस्टम''' (System) आपस में संबंधित आ क्रिया-प्रतिक्रिया करे वाला अंग भा तत्व (entities or elements) सभ के समूह होला जे अपने-आप में एगो सोलहग चीज (unified whole) होला। सिस्टम सभ के जगह आ समय पर निर्भर सीमा भा क्षेत्र होला, खास किसिम के बनावट (स्ट्रक्चर) होला आ इनहन के खास किसिम के फंक्शन होला। सिस्टम सभ के अध्ययन ''सिस्टम थियरी'' में कइल जाला। ''सिस्टम थियरी'' पूरा दुनिया के हर चीज के बड़-छोट टुकड़ा भा पार्ट में बाँट के देखे ले जे सभ आपस में जटिल रूप में एक दुसरे से संबंधित होलें आ क्रिया-प्रतिक्रिया करे लें। एह तरीका से कौनों एगो सिस्टम के भीतर ओकरे पार्ट भा हिस्सा के रूप में कइयन गो छोट-छोट सिस्टम हो सके लें जिनहन के बड़का सिस्टम के उपसिस्टम भा सबसिस्टम (subsystems) कहल जाला। सिस्टम प्राकृतिक हो सके लें आ मनुष्य के बनावल भी हो सके लें। कौनों सिस्टम जे बाहरी दसा में काम करे ला ऊ दसा सभ ओह सिस्टम के पर्यावरण के रूप में परिभाषित कइल जाला। [[श्रेणी:सिस्टम| ]] {{science-stub}} cj3b8rukzn4c85sfohqo7h62r4z2oxw 0 77598 814189 789067 2026-11-06T15:56:56Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साइबर हमला''' चाहे '''साइबर अटैक''' ({{Lang|en|cyberattack}}) [[कंप्यूटर]] आ [[कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क]] सभ पर होखे वाला '''हमला''' हवे जेह में कंप्यूटर साधन के बिना अधिकार के इस्तेमाल करे के कोसिस कइल जाला जे छिपावल जानकारी के खुल्ला देखा देवे, जानकारी के बदल देवे, बरबाद क देवे, चोरा लेवे चाहे ओह जानकारी तक ले बिना अधिकार पहुँच हासिल करे खातिर होला।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c041933_ISO_IEC_27000_2009.zip|title=Publicly Available Standards|first=ISO (International Organization for|last=Standardization)|website=standards.iso.org}}</ref> कौनों '''साइबर अटैक''' एह किसिम के हमलावर कारवाई होला जे कंप्यूटर सिस्टम भा नेटवर्क के आपन टार्गेट बनावेला। एकर मकसद डेटा ले पहुँच हासिल कइल, कंप्यूटर के फंक्शन ले पहुँच हासिल कइल चाहे कौनों अइसन चीज पर पहुँच हासिल कइल होला जहाँ तक पहुँच होखे के प्रतिबंधित रखल गइल होखे। अटैकर भा हमलावर अइसन लोग होला जे एह खराब नीयत से अइसन काम के अंजाम देवे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://glossar.german-testing-board.info/|title=ISTQB Standard glossary of terms used in Software Testing|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2018-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105182224/http://glossar.german-testing-board.info/|url-status=dead}}</ref> जवना किसिम के हमला होखे ओकरे आधार पर एह हमला सभ के साइबर हमला, साइबर चोरी, साइबर जुद्ध नियर कटेगरी में बर्गीकरण कइल जा सके ला। अइसन प्रोडक्ट जे अइसन साइबर हमला के सुबिधा उपजावें ले उनहन के [[साइबर हथियार]] (साइबर वेपन) कहल जाला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[साइबर हथियार]] * [[साइबर क्राइम]] * [[साइबर सिक्योरिटी]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] {{computer-stub}} mmwfdw1rq0bq0hpgxgbst2d62vwiybs 0 77988 813945 803678 2026-11-06T12:58:34Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography |religion = [[हिंदू धर्म]] |name = श्रीमंत शंकरदेव |native_name = |image = Sankaradeva.jpg |alt = शंकरदेव |caption = बिष्णु प्रसाद राभाके बनावल एगो कल्पना आधारित चित्र।<ref>This portrait, created by [[Bishnu Rabha]] in the 20th-century, is generally accepted as the "official" portrait of Sankardev, whose likeness in pictorial form is not available from any extant form {{cite news |title=Portrait of a poet as an artist |author=A Staff Reporter |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1031014/asp/northeast/story_2457557.asp |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=14 October 2003 |accessdate=8 May 2013}}</ref> |religion = [[हिंदू धर्म]] |birth_date = 1449 |birth_place = बोरदोआ (अब नगाओं जिला में) आसाम, भारत |birth_name = <!-- name before becoming a religious teacher --> |death_date = 1568 |death_place = मधुपुर सत्र, भेलादोंगा, ( अब कूच बिहार जिला), बंगाल |successor = [[माधवदेव]] |philosophy = एकासरन धरम |honors = "महापुरुष" |founder = [[एकासरन धर्म]] |literary_works = <!-- Preferably having pages on wikipedia and wikisource--> |footnotes = }} श्रीमंत '''शंकरदेव''' (1449–1568) [[आसाम]] के एगो संत, बिद्वान, कवी, नाटककार, धार्मिक-सामाजिक सुधारक रहलें जिनकर [[आसाम के इतिहास|आसाम के संस्कृति आ इतिहास]] में बिसेस अस्थान बाटे। भारत के 15वीं-16वीं सदी के जमाना के इतिहास में, जवना समय लगभग पूरा भारत में [[भक्ती आंदोलन|भक्ती-आंदोलन]] चलल आ [[गुरु नानक]], [[रामानंद]], [[नामदेव]], [[कबीर]], [[चैतन्य महाप्रभु]] नियर लोग बाकी जगह पर भक्ती के उपदेश देत रहल, शंकरदेव आसाम में एह आंदोलन के अगुआ बनलें। उनुका के पुराना परंपरा के बचल-खुचल सांस्कृतिक धरोहर के सहेज के ओकरे साथे नया किसिम के संगीत ([[बोरगीत]]), नया किसिम के नाटक के बिधा (अनिका नाट, भाओना), नया नाच के रूप ([[सत्त्रिया]]) नया किसिम के साहित्यिक भाषा ([[ब्रजबुली]]) नियर चीजन के परंपरा चलावे खाती जानल-मानल जाला। शंकरदेव बहुते सगरी साहित्य के रचना कइलेन जेह में बिद्वान लोग खाती बिबिध धार्मिक ग्रंथ, भक्ती के ग्रंथ, कबिता आ गीत, नाटक नियर चीज सामिल बाटे। {{clear}} ==जीवनी== श्रीमंत शंकरदेव के जनम असम के नौगांव जिला के बरदौवा के पास अलीपुखरी में भईल रहे। इनके जनम तिथि के बारे में अबहिन ले बिबाद बाटे, हालाँकि आमतौर पर एकरा के 1371 के शाका मानल जाला। जन्म के कुछ दिन बाद उनकर माई सत्यसंध्या के निधन हो गईल। 21 साल के उमिर में उनकर बियाह सूर्यवती से हो गईल रहे। मनु कन्या के जनम के बाद सूर्यवती परलोक नारी बनली। 32 साल के उमिर में शंकरदेव मोहभंग हो गइलन आ आपन पहिला तीर्थ यात्रा शुरू कइलन आ उत्तर भारत के सगरी तीर्थस्थल के दौरा कइलन। शंकर के रूपा गोस्वामी अउरी सनातन गोस्वामी से भी साक्षात्कार भईल रहे। तीर्थ यात्रा से लवटला के बाद शंकरदेव के बियाह 54 साल के उमर में कालिंदी से भईल।तिरहुतिया ब्राह्मण जगदीश मिश्रा बरदौवा जाके शंकरदेव के भागवत सुनवले आ ई किताब उनुका के भेंट कइले। शंकरदेव जगदीश मिश्र के स्वागत में "महानत" के प्रस्तुति के आयोजन कईले। एहसे पहिले “चिहल्यात्र” के तारीफ भइल रहे। शंकरदेव 1438 शाका में भुइयां राज्य छोड़ के अहोम राज्य में प्रवेश कईले। संस्कारी विप्रा लोग शंकरदेव के भक्ति उपदेश के घोर विरोध कइले। ब्राह्मण लोग दिहिगिया राजा से प्रार्थना कइल कि शंकर वैदिक विरोधी विचारन के प्रचार करत बाड़न. कुछ पूछताछ के बाद राजा उनुका के निर्दोष घोषित क देले। हाथीधारा घटना के बाद शंकरदेव भी अहोम राज्य छोड़ देले। 18 साल पटवौसी में रहला के बाद उहाँ के कई गो किताब लिखनी। 67 साल के उमिर में उहाँ के कई गो किताब लिखलें। 97 साल के उमर में दूसरा बेर तीर्थ यात्रा शुरू कईले। उ कबीर के मठ में जाके श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित कईले। एह यात्रा के बाद उ बारपेटा वापस आ गईले। कोच राजा नारानारायण शंकरदेव के नेवता देले। 1490 शाका में कूच बिहार में वैकुण्ठ गामी बनले। शंकरदेव के वैष्णव संप्रदाय के मान्यता एगो शरण ह। एह धर्म में मूर्तिपूजा के कवनो प्रधानता नइखे। धार्मिक परब के समय मंच पर खाली एगो पवित्र पुस्तक रखल जाला आ खाली उहे भोलापन आ भक्ति के रूप में चढ़ावल जाला। एह संप्रदाय में दीक्षा के कवनो व्यवस्था नइखे। ==रचनाएँ== शंकरदेव द्वारा रचित प्रथम कविता निम्नलिखित है- : '' करतल कमल कमल दल नयन। :'' भबदब दहन गहन बन शयन॥ :'' नपर नपर पर सतरत गमय। :'' सभय मभय भय ममहर सततय॥ :'' खरतर बरशर हत दश बदन। :'' खगचर नगधर फनधर शयन॥ :'' जगदघ मपहर भवभय तरण। :'' परपद लय कर कमलज नयन॥ ===काव्य=== * हरिश्चन्द्र उपाख्यान * अजामिल उपाख्यान * रुक्मिणी हरण काव्य * बलिछलन * अमृत मन्थन * गजेन्द्र उपाख्यान * कुरुक्षेत्र * गोपी-उद्धव संवाद * कृष्ण प्रयाण - पाण्डव निर्वारण === भक्तितत्त्व प्रकाशक ग्रन्थ === * भक्ति प्रदीप * भक्ति रत्नाकर (संस्कृत) * निमि-नव-सिद्ध संवाद * अनादि पातन ===अनुवादमूलक ग्रन्थ=== * भागवत प्रथम, द्वितीय * दशम स्कन्धर आदिछोवा * द्बादश स्कन्ध * रामायणर उत्तरकाण्ड ===नाटक=== * पत्नी प्रसाद * कालिय दमन * केलि गोपाल * रुक्मिणी हरण * पारिजात हरण * राम विजय ===गीतः=== * बरगीत<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130703215345/http://www.bipuljyoti.in/music/bargeet.html बिपुलज्योति डट इन]</ref> * भटिमा (देवभटिमा, नाटभटिमा, राजभटिमा) * टोटय * चपय ===नाम-प्रसंग ग्रन्थ=== * '''कीर्तन घोषा''' * '''गुणमाला''' * हरिश्चन्द्र उपाख्यान * भक्ति प्रदीप * अनादि पतन * अजामिल उपाख्यान * अमृत मन्थन * बलि छलन * आदि दशम * कुरुक्षेत्र * निमि-नव-सिद्ध संवाद * उत्तरकाण्ड रामायण (अनुवाद) * पत्नीप्रसाद, कालिय दमन यात्रा, केलि गोपाल, रुक्मिणी हरण, पारिजात हरण, राम विजय आदि नाटक * भक्तिरत्नाकर ([[संस्कृत भाषा|संस्कृत]]) == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:आसाम के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:असमिया-भाषा के कवी]] [[श्रेणी:भक्ति आंदोलन]] 0p6di48pjivq62i8sjj8erm2t9agrkj 0 78096 813857 781525 2026-11-06T12:51:59Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विटामिन सी''' ({{Lang|en|Vitamin C}}), जेकरा के '''एस्कॉर्बिक एसिड''' आ '''एस्कार्बेट''' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला, एक किसिम के [[विटामिन]] हवे जे कई तरह के खानपान के चीजन में पावल जाला, मनुष्य आ अउरी कई किसिम के जीवधारी सभ के सेहत खातिर जरूरी होला। भोजन के अलावा ई अलगा से भी लिहल जा सके ला, दवाई के रूप में चाहे इंजेक्शन के रूप में। मुख्य रूप से मनुष्यन में एकरे कमी के चलते स्कर्वी रोग होला जेकरा से बचाव खातिर या एकरे इलाज में विटामिन सी दिहल जाला। विटामिन सी बहुत जरूरी पोषक तत्व हवे जे टिशू सभ के रिपेयर होखे में आ कुछ न्यूरोट्रांसमीटर सभ के एंजाइमिक निर्माण में जरूरी होला। कुछ परमान अइसन मिलल बाड़ें कि एकरे लगातार सेवन से आम सर्दी-जोखाम के होखे पर जल्दी ठीक होखे में मदद मिले ला। हालाँकि ई सर्दी-जोखाम करे वाला इन्फेक्शन के रोके में मददगार ना होला। इहो बात अभिन ले निश्चित ना बाटे कि एकरे सेवन से कैंसर, दिल के बेमारी आ डिमेंशिया नियर बेमारी सभ के रोकथाम में मदद मिले ले की नाहीं। आमतौर पर विटामिन सी के कम खोराक अलग से लिहले पर शरीर एकरा के बर्दाश्त क लेला। बहुत बेसी डोज में लिहले पर पेट के समस्या, कपार बथल, नींद ना आवे आ चमड़ा पर चकत्ता होखे के समस्या पैदा हो जाले। नार्मल खोराक में ई गरभ के समय में भी लिहल जा सके ला आ सुरक्षित होला। विटामिन सी के खोज 1912 में भइल, 1928 में एकरा के पहिली बेर अलग कइल गइल आ 1933 में पहिली बेर एकरा के केमिकल तरीका से बनावल गइल। ई केमिकल तरीका से बनावल जाए वाला पहिला विटामिन रहल। [[श्रेणी:विटामिन]] {{health-stub}} knu3wv71to1n62w867up4i1y83kx6ds 0 78097 813856 781526 2026-11-06T12:51:56Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विटामिन डी''' ({{Lang|en|Vitamin D}}) फैट (तेलउँस) में घुले वाला [[विटामिन]] हवे। एह में कई किसिम के सेकोस्टेरॉइड आवे लें जे मुख्य रूप से कैल्शियम, मैग्नीशियम आ फास्फेट सभ के आँत में सोखल जाए के काम में तेजी ले आवे लें आ इनहना के अउरी जीवी परभाव भी होला। मनुष्य में सभसे प्रमुख कंपाउंड सभ में विटामिन D₃ (जेकरा कोलेकैल्सीफेरॉल कहल जाला) विटामिन D₂ (एर्गोकैल्सीफेरॉल) होखे लें। एह विटामिन के मुख्य प्राकृतिक सोर्स चमड़ा के अंदर सुरुज के रोशनी (घाम) में सरवते वाला प्रकृया होला जेकरा चलते कोलेकैल्सीफेरॉल के निर्माण होला। कोलेकैल्सीफेरॉल आ एर्गोकैल्सीफेरॉल दुनों के भोजन के साथे भी लिहल जा सके ला। बहुत कम्मे अइसन प्राकृतिक भोजन बाड़ें जिनहन में ई विटामिन भरपूर पावल जात होखे। कुछ चर्बी वाली मछरी सभ में एतना पावल जाला कि ओह से परभाव पड़े। कई देसन में गाई के दूध, या बनस्पति वाला दूध आ कुछ नाश्ता में लिहल जाए वाला अनाज सभ के बनावटी तरीका से विटामिन डी से फोर्टीफाई कइल जाला। [[श्रेणी:विटामिन]] {{health-stub}} 0b9rbzv5dvrpexkie7ttw87q2bdtq3j 0 78207 814154 774690 2026-11-06T15:53:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = सिंघाड़ा | image = Samosachutney.jpg | image_size = 280px | caption = सिंघाड़ा, चटनी आ हरियर मरीचाई | type = | alternate_name = समोसा<ref>{{cite OED2|samosa}}</ref> | region = [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], [[Horn of Africa]], [[West Africa]], [[East Africa]] | course = | served = गरम | main_ingredient = पीसान, तरकारी ( आलू, पियाज, छेमी, मसुर दाल), मसाला, chili peppers, cheese, meat (lamb, beef, or chicken) | variations = }} '''समोसा''' चाहे '''सिंघाड़ा''' एगो छानल चाहे सेंकल खाएका हऽ जेकरा भीतर कुछु भरल रहेला जइसे आलू, छेमी, छेना, मांस। एकर आकरो अलग अलग होला।<ref name="OCF">{{cite book | first=ऐलान | last=डेविडसन | year=1999 | title=द ऑक्सफोर्ड कम्पेनियन टू फूड | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-211579-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA709 }}</ref><ref name="KaminskyLong2011">{{cite book|author1=Arnold P. Kaminsky|author2=Roger D. Long|title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA151|accessdate=22 April 2012|date=23 September 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37462-3|page=151|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527190502/http://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA151|archive-date=27 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Sa’adia|last=Reza|title=Food's Holy Triangle|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1157291/foods-holy-triangle|publisher=Dawn|accessdate=28 October 2018|date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033941/https://www.dawn.com/news/1157291/foods-holy-triangle|archive-date=28 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> भारत मे ई चटनी जोरे खाईल जाला। सिंघाड़ा दक्खिन एशिया मे खाईल जाला। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय खाना]] {{cuisine-stub}} 3ckk74ie0xu1j0op6tapabv1x52xsul 0 78750 814207 754192 2026-11-06T15:58:41Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साम्यवाद''' (अंग्रेजी: Communism) एगो समाजिक, आर्थिक आ राजनीतिक बिचारधारा आ आंदोलन हऽ, जे एगो साम्यवादी समाज बनावे के बात करेला। ई बेबस्था मे सभे उत्पादन के साधन आ सम्पत्ति मे सउवे समाज के स्वामित्व होला चाहे सउवे समाज ओकर मालिक होला। साम्यवाद, समाजवाद के एगो हिस्सा मानल जाला। साम्यवाद बहुते परकार के बिचार से मिल के बनल बा जेमे मार्क्सवाद आ अउरी सभ बिचार आवेला। जेमे सभ एह बात के बोलेला जे, समाज के अभी के क्रम पूंजीवाद, ओकर आर्थिक बेबस्था आ उत्पादन के तरिका से जनमल बा, माने एह परनाली मे दुगो प्रमुख सामाजिक वर्ग बा, इहे दुन्नो के लड़ाई समाज मे कुलि समस्या के जड़ बा आ एह स्थिति के आखिरके एगो सामाजिक क्रांतिये से फरियाइल जा सकेला। एह दुगो वर्ग मे एगो होला मजूरा (काम करे वाला लोग; अंग्रेजी: प्रोलेट्रियेट), जे रोज काम कर के ओह दिन के मजूरी लेवेला, आ ई लोग समाज मे बसी होला, आ जिंदा रहे ला ई लोग काम करहीं के पड़ेला; दुसरका वर्ग होला पूंजीपति (जेकरा लगे पइसा होला; अंग्रेजी: ब्यूरॉजियोजी), ई लोग समाज मे मजूर लोग के मुक़ाबला मे बहुते कम होला बाकिर समाज के बेसी पइसा इहे लोग लगे रहेला; मजूरा लोग इहे लोग हियां मजूरी खटेला आ ई लोग ऊ लोग मजूरी देवेला। मजूर लोग के अधिकार दियावे ला क्रांति के गरज होला। ==इतिहास== रॉबर्ट्स पाइप्स कऽ अनुसार, बिना जात चाहे वर्ग के एगो बराबर समाज के बिचार पहिलका बेरा पुरान युनान (ग्रीस) मे जनमल। पंचमा सताब्दी मे [[ईरान]] के मज़दक आंदोलन के साम्यवादी मानल जाला काहे की ऊ उंच वर्ग के खिलाफ रहे। सोरहमा सताबदी के अंग्रेजी लेखक थॉमस मोर के लेखन मे साम्यवादी बिचार लउकेला। सोरहमा सताबदी के लेख उटोपिया, संसाधन के एक मलिकई के बात करेला। 17 वा शताब्दी मे, कम्युनिस्ट बिचार फेनु इंग्लैंड मे आइल, जेने डिगर्स के रूप मे चिन्हल जाए अला एगो प्यूरिटन धार्मिक समूह भूमि के निजी स्वामित्व के उन्मूलन की वकालत कइलस। ==सिधांत== [[श्रेणी:राजनीतिक दर्शन]] [[श्रेणी:आर्थिक सिस्टम]] {{Poli-stub}} {{Econ-stub}} 65gzwxrowvjwxgfriuuipvaawdjmuk7 0 78866 814405 683452 2026-11-07T07:28:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814405 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''सूरज का सातवाँ घोड़ा''''', [[धर्मवीर भारती]] के लिखल, हिंदी भाषा के एगो उपन्यास हवे। 1952 में छपल ई उपन्यास किस्सागोई के शैली में लिखल गइल एगो छोट उपन्यास हवे जे भारती के पहिला उपन्यास ''[[गुनाहों का देवता]]'' के बाद लिखल गइल। एह उपन्यास में ''माणिक मुल्ला'' नाँव के ब्यक्ति अपना पुरान दिनन के इयाद क के तीन गो औरतन के कहानी सुनावे लें जे उनुके जिनगी में अइलीं, ''जमुना'' (एगो मिडिल क्लास के औरत), ''लिली'' (पढ़ल लिखल बुद्धिमान औरत) आ ''सत्ती'' (गरीब कामकाजी औरत)। उपन्यास दुपहरिया के गलचौर में सुनावल सात गो कहानी सभ के रूप में बा जिनहन के माणिक मुल्ला अपना दोस्त आ परिचित लोग के सुनावे लें। उपन्यास के अंग्रेजी अनुबाद परसिद्ध हिंदी लेखक [[सच्चिदानंद वात्स्यायन|सच्चिदानंद हीरानंद वात्स्यायन "अज्ञेय"]] द्वारा कइल गइल आ ई अनुबाद ''दि सन्स सेवेंथ हॉर्स'' के नाँव से 1999 में छपल। एही उपन्यास पर [[श्याम बेनेगल]] के डाइरेक्शन में हिंदी में 1992 में एही ''[[सूरज का सातवाँ घोड़ा (फिलिम)|सूरज का सातवा घोड़ा]]'' नाँव से फिलिम बनल जेह में [[रजित कपूर]], राजेश्वरी सचदेव, [[पल्लवी जोशी]], [[नीना गुप्ता]] आ [[अमरीश पुरी]] मुख्य भूमिका में रहल लोग। बाद में एह उपन्यास के कई बेर डरामा (नाटक) के रूप में खेलल गइल। [[श्रेणी:हिंदी भाषा के उपन्यास]] {{Novel-stub}} ezwpa0hmoe4bfu1pp4833zhkm35wo0s 0 79886 813774 693134 2026-11-06T12:10:21Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = वाल्मीकि नगर<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = <!-- if different from the English name --> |settlement_type = बिधानसभा क्षेत्र <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | pushpin_map = India Bihar | map_caption = बिहार मे स्थान |coordinates = {{coord|27|16|23|N|84|04|32|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] |subdivision_type2 = [[बिहार के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] |subdivision_name2 = [[पच्छिम चंपारण जिला|पच्छिम चंपारण]] |subdivision_type3 = [[बिहार के बिधानसभा क्षेत्रन के सूची|बिधानसभा संख्या]] |subdivision_name3 = 1 |subdivision_type4 = Type |subdivision_name4 = Open |subdivision_type5 = [[लोकसभा]] क्षेत्र |subdivision_name5 = [[वाल्मीकि नगर (लोकसभा क्षेत्र)|वाल्मीकि नगर]] |subdivision_type6 = मातदान प्रनाली |subdivision_name6 = [[फर्स्ट पास्ट द पोस्ट]] <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''वाल्मीकि नगर''' भारतीय राज्य [[बिहार]] के [[पच्छिम चंपारण जिला]] मे एगो बिधानसभा क्षेत्र हऽ। ==अवलोकन== संसदीय आ विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रन के परिसीमन के आदेश के अनुसार, क्रमांक 1, वाल्मीकि नगर (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र) पिपरासी, मधुबनी, ठकराहन और भीटहा [[भारत के सामुदायिक विकास खंड|सामुदायिक विकास खंड]] से बनल बा। एकरा संगे एह मे वाल्मीकि नगर, लक्ष्मीपुर रामपुरवा, संतपुर सोहरिया, चंपापुर गोनौली, नौरंगिया दरदरी, महुववा कठरवा, हरनातनंद, बलुआ, छत्रौल, देवरिया तरूवनवा, भराची, बेलहवा मदनपुर आदि ग्राम पंचायत आवेला। ई बिधानसभा वाल्मीकि नगर (लोकसभा क्षेत्र) के हिस्सा हऽ। ==चुनावी नतीजा== ===2020 बिधानसभा चुनाव=== {{Election box begin| |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Valmiki Nagar]]}} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Indian National Congress |candidate = Rajesh Singh |votes = 53321 |percentage = 27.28 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Lok Jan Shakti Party |candidate = Mahendra Kumar Bharti |votes = 6612 |percentage = 3.38 |change = New }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Janata Dal (United) |candidate = Dhirendra Pratap Singh |votes = 74906 |percentage = 38.32 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |candidate = Baidyanath Prasad |votes = 14498 |percentage = 7.42 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Plurals Party |candidate = Gaurav Jha |votes = 2863 |percentage = 1.46 |change = New }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = None of the above |candidate = [[None of the above]] |votes = 8090 |percentage = 4.14 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 21585 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 195489 |percentage = 59.00 |change = }} {{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Janata Dal (United) |loser = Independent Politician |swing = }} {{Election box end}} ===Assembly Elections 2015=== {{Election box begin| |title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Valmiki Nagar]]}} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Dhirendra Pratap Singh |votes = 66,860 |percentage = 36.17 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Indian National Congress |candidate = Irshad Hussain |votes = 33,280 |percentage = 18.01 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party |candidate = Surendra Prasad |votes = 32,855 |percentage = 17.78 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Samajwadi Party |candidate = Rajesh Singh |votes = 11,472 |percentage = 6.21 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |candidate = Altaf Hussain |votes = 11,097 |percentage = 6.00 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Dip Narayan Mahato |votes = 8,355 |percentage = 4.52 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = None of the above |candidate = [[None of the above]] |votes = 6,767 |percentage = 3.66 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 33,580 |percentage = 18.16 |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 1,84,960 |percentage = 62.63 |change = }} {{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Dal (United) |swing = }} {{Election box end}} ===Assembly Elections 2010=== {{Election box begin| |title=[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Valmiki Nagar}} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Janata Dal (United) |candidate = Rajesh Singh |votes = 42,289 |percentage = 29.43 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal |candidate = Mukesh Kumar Kushwaha |votes = 27,618 |percentage = 19.22 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |candidate = Dheerendra Pratap Singh |votes = 20,886 |percentage = 14.53 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Indian National Congress |candidate = Irshad Hussain |votes = 17,747 |percentage = 12.35 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Deep Narayan Mahato |votes = 14,047 |percentage = 9.78 |change = }} {{Election box candidate| |party = JPS |candidate = Manoj Kumar Singh |votes = 8358 |percentage = 5.82 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Saket Kumar Pathak |votes = 4428 |percentage = 3.08 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Ramayan Chaudhary |votes = 1647 |percentage = 1.15 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Ram Naresh Sah |votes = 1610 |percentage = 1.12 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Nationalist Congress Party |candidate = Shashi Bhusan Sahay |votes = 1334 |percentage = 0.93 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Pramod Sah |votes = 1114 |percentage = 0.78 |change = }} {{Election box candidate| |party = BJJD |candidate = Ramashankar Prasad |votes = 1042 |percentage = 0.73 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Insad Ali |votes = 835 |percentage = 0.58 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Pahawari Yadav |votes = 743 |percentage = 0.52 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 14,611 |percentage = 10.21 |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 1,43,698 |percentage = 59.77 |change = }} {{Election box new seat win| |winner = Janata Dal (United) |swing= }} {{Election box end}} == विधायक == {| class="wikitable" width=80% |- ! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2"|बरिस ! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Member ! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|राजनीतिक दल |- |style="background-color:" | | 2010 | राजेश सिंह | [[Janata Dal (United)]] |- |style="background-color:" | | 2015 | [[Dhirendra Pratap Singh]] | निर्दलीय |- | | 2020 | [[Dhirendra Pratap Singh]] | [[Janata Dal (United)]] |} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के बिधानसभा क्षेत्र]] lyo1byiqvbxz6iu6mgjzii45hoigiyz 0 79938 813775 766090 2026-11-06T12:10:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* सांसद लोग */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Lok Sabha Constituency | Name = वाल्मीकि नगर | image = | State = बिहार | UnionTerritory = | Existence = | AssemblyConstituencies = | Electorate = | ElectedByYear = | Reservation = | SuccessfulParty = | CurrentMP = | CurrentMPParty = | FormerMP = }} '''वाल्मीकि नगर लोकसभा क्षेत्र''' भारतीय राज्य [[बिहार]] के चालीस गो [[लोकसभा]] क्षेत्रन मे से एगो बा। ई 2008 मे अस्तित्व मे आइल। ==बिधानसभा क्षेत्र सभ== एह लोकसभा क्षेत्र मे छव गो बिधानसभा क्षेत्र बाटे: # [[वाल्मीकि नगर (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र)|वाल्मीकि नगर]] # [[रामनगर (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र)|रामनगर]] # [[नरकटियागंज (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र)|नरकटियागंज]] # [[बगहा (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र)|बगहा]] # [[लउरिया (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र)|लउरिया]] # [[सिकटा (बिधानसभा क्षेत्र)|सिकटा]] ई छवो सीट बिहार [[पच्छिम चंपारण जिला]] मे पड़ेला। ==सांसद लोग== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | बरिस ! उम्मीदवार ! पार्टी |- |Colspan=2|2008 से पहिले |Colspan=2|सीट ना रहे |- | bgcolor="{{party color|जनता दल (यूनाइटेड)}}" | |2009 |बैद्यनाथ प्रसाद महतो |[[जनता दल (युनाइटेड)]] |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | |2014 |सतीश चंद्र दुबे |[[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] |- | bgcolor="{{party color|जनता दल (यूनाइटेड)}}" | |2019 |बैद्यनाथ प्रसाद महतो |[[जनता दल (युनाइटेड)]] |- | bgcolor="{{party color|जनता दल (यूनाइटेड)}}" | |2020 |सुनील कुमार |[[जनता दल (युनाइटेड)]] |} [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोकसभा क्षेत्र]] [[श्रेणी:लोकसभा चुनाव क्षेत्र]] {{Bihar-stub}} 9v9q4g5z7exs2vjlbu44e9vgnxu3zpm 0 80080 813837 781551 2026-11-06T12:50:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | logo = Wikidata-logo-en.svg | screenshot = Wikidata main page screenshot.png | caption = Main page of Wikidata in April 2021 | url = {{Official URL}}<!-- {{Wd|properties|P856}} --> {{Wd|references|linked|P407}} | commercial = No | type = {{hlist|class=nowrap |[[नॉलेज बेस]] |[[विकि]]}} | registration = बैकल्पिक | language = कई भाषा | owner = {{Wd|properties|linked|references|linked|P137}} | editor = {{Wd|properties|linked|references|linked|P50}} | author = | name = Wikidata | location = | founded = {{start date and age|2012|10|29|df=y}}<!-- {{Wd|properties|P571}} -->{{Wd|references|P571}} }} '''विकिडेटा''' ({{Lang|en|Wikidata}}) आपसी सहजोग से संपादित होखे वाला, बहुभाषी, [[नॉलेज ग्राफ]] (अइसन [[नॉलेज बेस]] जे ग्राफ के रूप के डेटा मॉडल में जानकारी के सहेजे) हवे जे [[विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन]] द्वारा होस्ट कइल जा रहल बा। ई खुला डेटा के कॉमन सोर्स हवे जेकरा के सगरी विकिमीडिया प्रोजेक्ट सभ इस्तेमाल करे लें जइसे कि [[विकिपीडिया]], आ अउरियो केहू दूसर एकर इस्तेमाल CC0 पब्लिक डोमेन लाइसेंस के तहत कइ सके ला। विकिडेटा के संचालन [[विकिबेस]] सॉफ्टवेयर पर होला। एकरा के केहूओ संपादित क सके ला काहें से कि ई एक किसिम के [[विकि]] हवे। एकर इस्तेमाल मशीन (कंप्यूटर बॉट वगैरह) आ आदमी (मैनुअली) केहू क सके ला। विकिडेटा 29 अक्टूबर 2012 के लांच भइल रहे। शुरुआत में विकिपीडिया के अलग-अलग भाषा सभ के एकही बिसय पर बनल पन्ना सभ के जोड़े खातिर उनहन पर इंटरविकि कड़ी के इस्तेमाल कइल जाव। एही खातिर विकिडेटा के शुरुआत भइल कि एह आपसी जोड़ सभ के एक जगह एकट्ठा रखल जा सके आ सगरी भाषा के विकिपीडिया इहाँ से एह जोड़ सभ के इस्तेमाल क सकें। 14 जनवरी 2013 के हंगेरियन भाषा के विकिपीडिया पहिली विकिपीडिया बनल जेकर आँकड़ा विकिडेटा से जुड़ गइल। एकरे बाद हिब्रू आ इटैलियन भाषा के विकिपीडिया एह से जुड़ल। 13 फरवरी के अंग्रेजी भाषा के विकिपीडिया विकिडेटा से जुड़ गइल आ 6 मार्च 2013 से सगरी भाषा के विकिपीडिया सभ एह सुबिधा से जुड़ गइलीं। 23 सितंबर के [[विकिमीडिया कॉमंस]] एकरा से जुड़ गइल। बाद में एह में अउरी फंक्शन सभ जुड़त गइलें। 15 मई 2021 ले के आँकड़ा अनुसार एह विकिडेटा पर कुल 9,36,15,000+ डेटा आइटम रहलें।<ref>[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Statistics Statistics], विकिडेटा पर</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:विकिडेटा| ]] [[श्रेणी:विकिमीडिया प्रोजेक्ट]] [[श्रेणी:ऑनलाइन डेटाबेस]] {{internet-stub}} t8wfajrjj91j0jpkdk27e69mhnituft 0 80180 814420 781555 2026-11-07T07:47:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Himalayan salt (coarse).jpg|thumb|मोट दाना वाला सेन्हा नून।]] [[Image:2015-03-07 Pakistanisches, sogenanntes Himalaya-Salz 0399.jpg|thumb|right|पाकिस्तान के खेवड़ा खदान के सेन्हा नमक।]] '''सेन्हा नून''' ({{Lang|en|Himalayan salt}} चाहे Himalayan rock salt), जेकरा के '''सेंधा नमक''' (संस्कृत: सैंधव लवण) के नाँव से जानल जाला, मुख्य रूप से पाकिस्तान आ कुछ मात्रा में भारत आ नेपाल के हिमालयी इलाका में पावल जाए वाला [[चट्टानी नून]] हवे जेकरा के खदान से खन के निकालल जाला। ई प्राकृतिक [[सोडियम क्लोराइड]] खनिज हवे जेह में कुछ अउरी तत्व मिलल रहे लें। एकरा के भट्ठा में तपा के [[काला नमक]] बनावल जाला। एकर आम इस्तेमाल खाए पिए वाला चीजन में ऊपर से छिरके खातिर होला, हालाँकि, कुछ लोग एह में खानों पकावे ला। हिंदू लोग जे व्रत में नमक ना खाला, ई वाला नून डार के खाना पकावे ला। कुछ स्रोत में एकरे सेहत खातिर फायदेमंद होखे के दावा भी कइल जाला। {{clear}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category multi|Himalayan salt|Salt crystal lanterns|Salt}} * {{cite web|title=Video: Himalayan Salt Cutting process|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0NGD0PziOE|publisher=Folk Market via YouTube|date=25 February 2015}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:खनिज]] [[श्रेणी:खाना बनावे में इस्तमाल होखे वाला सामग्री]] [[श्रेणी:नून]] {{mineral-stub}} {{food-stub}} nvz53z7qppj2pm650mmqm05eoir0t8z 0 80187 814147 781556 2026-11-06T15:53:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Marakkanam Salt Pans.JPG|240px|thumb|alt=सफ़ेद नून के खेत में काम करत एगो आदमी|भारत के तमिलनाडु में समुंद्री नून उपराजे वाला खेत।]] '''समुंद्री नून''' ({{Lang|en|Sea salt}}) अइसन [[नून]] होला जे [[समुंद्र]] के खारा पानी के भाप बन के उड़े के बाद बचे ला। ई खाना पकावे, खाए के कई सामान सभ के संरक्षित क के राखे नियर कामे आवे ला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:नून]] [[श्रेणी:खाना बनावे में इस्तमाल होखे वाला सामग्री]] {{food-stub}} pwtg8z4oftrb12xb4rrjp935gy6m1r7 0 80226 814000 736251 2026-11-06T13:02:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name=शिवसागर |demographics1_title1=Official |area_total_km2= |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m= |population_total=2065<ref name="Census 2011" /> |population_as_of=2011 |population_rank= |population_density_km2=auto |population_demonym= |population_footnotes= |demographics_type1=भासा |demographics1_info1= [[हिंदी भाषा]] |area_footnotes= |demographics1_title2=Local |demographics1_info2=[[भोजपुरी]] |timezone1=[[भारतीय मानक समय|आइएसटी]] |utc_offset1=+5:30 |postal_code_type=[[पिनकोड]] |postal_code=821111<ref name="Census 2011" /> |registration_plate= |blank1_name_sec1= |blank1_info_sec1= |website= |area_rank= |unit_pref=Metric |other_name=शिउसागर |coordinates={{coord|24.97434|N|83.90632|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/10566612/shiusagar.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Shiusāgar''|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> |nickname= |settlement_type=गाँव |image_skyline= |image_alt= |image_caption= |image_map=Sheosagar block map.png |pushpin_map=India Bihar |pushpin_label_position= |pushpin_map_alt= |pushpin_map_caption=बिहार मे स्थान |subdivision_type=देस |governing_body= |subdivision_name=भारत |subdivision_type1=राज्य |subdivision_name1=[[बिहार]] |subdivision_type2=[[भारत के जिला सभ के लिस्ट]] |subdivision_name2=[[रोहतास जिला|रोहतास]] |established_title=<!-- Established --> |established_date= |founder= |named_for= |government_type= |footnotes= }} '''शिवसागर''' जेकरा '''शिउसागर''' चाहे '''शेओसागर''' ओ कहल जाला, भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[रोहतास जिला]] मे एगो गांव और सामुदायिक विकास खंड बा। २०११ ले, शिवसागार मे ३४५ घरन मे २,०६५ आबादी रहे, जबकि सवसे ब्लॉक मे १,७६,८०० आबादी रहे। शिवसागर के सटल नगर [[सासाराम]] बाटे। == भूगोल == रोहतास ज़िला के पश्चिमी भाग में स्थित,शिवसागर ब्लाक भौगोलिक रूप से विविध बा।सासाराम मैदान के दोनों हिस्सों और विंध्य रेंज के पूर्वी छोर पर रोहतास पठार के क्षेत्रों को शामिल करला। ये क्षेत्र आमतौर पर उत्तर-पूर्व में नीचे की ओर ढलान करला।<ref name="Census 2011">{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html|title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook – Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory)|website=Census 2011 India|pages=33, 44–70, 900–980, 1191–1192|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> == जनसांख्यिकी == {{Historical populations|2001|144176|2011|176080}} शिवसागर पूरा तरह से ग्रामीण ब्लॉक बा, जेकरा में कोई बड़ा शहर केंद्र नईखे। २०११ में शिवसागर का लिंगानुपात ९२९ रहे। == गांव == शिवसागार के उप जिले में कुल १९९ गांव बा।<ref name="Census 2011">{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html|title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook – Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory)|website=Census 2011 India|pages=33, 44–70, 900–980, 1191–1192|access-date=1 April 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html "Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook – Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory)"]. </cite></ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Village name !Total land area (hectares) !Population (in 2011) |- |Bhagwalia |91 |990 |- |[[Sondihra]] |115 |970 |- |Silari |526 |2,009 |- |Parasdiha |159 |631 |- |Bankat |61 |0 |- |Khairi Barki |84 |927 |- |Sonbarsa |68 |0 |- |Bhimpur |75 |0 |- |Hathigawan |30 |0 |- |Bardiha |78 |398 |- |Gopalapur |40 |694 |- |Masihabad |170 |1,529 |- |Akorha |134 |632 |- |Khairi Chhokti |76 |0 |- |Rasendua |77 |1,313 |- |Keshopur |68 |0 |- |Kandharapur |33 |0 |- |Auraiyan |223 |1,204 |- |Parari |166 |1,280 |- |Ramdehri |45 |239 |- |Misraulia |44 |161 |- |Nimia |73 |630 |- |Pakhnari |399 |3,048 |- |Chenari Chhokti |262 |1,573 |- |Bamhaur |242 |2,197 |- |Mahadehri |59 |0 |- |Paharpur |70 |882 |- |Jigna |93 |560 |- |Bahuwara |106 |1,000 |- |Gajaundha |77 |1,026 |- |Bhagwanpur |70 |0 |- |Biar Bandh |172 |987 |- |Pakri |38 |0 |- |Sahuwa |80 |1,244 |- |Dahuwa |104 |140 |- |Kurtha |178 |1,102 |- |Mauni |34 |136 |- |Baraila |175 |965 |- |Pariagpur |55 |523 |- |Chamraha |175 |1,032 |- |Dumri |159 |1,577 |- |Shahpur |100 |581 |- |Gamharia |135 |519 |- |Saina |136 |1,146 |- |Torana |240 |1,421 |- |Kekarha |116 |566 |- |Samahuta |254 |1,353 |- |Samahuti |75 |25 |- |Rajhain |133 |946 |- |Kirihiri |701 |3,890 |- |Patarhi |310 |2,477 |- |Admapur |102 |1,038 |- |Torni |76 |560 |- |Torni |71 |659 |- |Anantpura |62 |430 |- |Pipri |148 |626 |- |Chandanpura |155 |915 |- |Ibrahimpur |38 |0 |- |Mojri |84 |1,117 |- |Rampur Telari |149 |667 |- |Telara |71 |487 |- |Kaithi |209 |1,703 |- |Garura |228 |1,342 |- |Godnian |60 |419 |- |Konar |671 |4,396 |- |Berukahi |133 |1,194 |- |Dehara |149 |878 |- |Rampur Joi |157 |1,004 |- |Chitwar |66 |0 |- |Tiki Dihara |34 |0 |- |Bhairwa |79 |205 |- |Kaua Dehri |85 |0 |- |Auwan |102 |746 |- |Ghatkan |212 |1,319 |- |Rasulpur |18 |0 |- |Elahi Chak |10 |0 |- |Gorwar |118 |0 |- |Mor |210 |1,347 |- |Patti Chatarbhuj |39 |651 |- |Kanjrar |75 |1,003 |- |Sarae |185 |2,030 |- |Kumahu |253 |2,648 |- |Doriawan |227 |1,286 |- |Saidabad |93 |1,042 |- |Sikrauli |42 |0 |- |Kirihiri |79 |293 |- |Kaupa |90 |688 |- |Kewantarhi |43 |266 |- |Patarhi |153 |842 |- |Niu |96 |595 |- |Morkap |76 |535 |- |Khatolla |32 |489 |- |Rampur Amawan |48 |1,483 |- |Biura |36 |835 |- |Khurhia |124 |1,364 |- |Konki |145 |1,129 |- |Nad |189 |1,625 |- |Chanari |104 |617 |- |Semri Nagi |79 |368 |- |Semri Patak |62 |877 |- |Khanipur |57 |0 |- |Kajhawan |80 |881 |- |Kararipatti Garhi |57 |442 |- |Kararipatti Sharki |47 |228 |- |Banrua |130 |932 |- |Darangia |46 |383 |- |Manki |58 |200 |- |Senuwar |115 |1,238 |- |Barewa |66 |424 |- |Phalwaria |95 |389 |- |Kusahar |124 |902 |- |Burhharka |112 |427 |- |Semri |167 |2,313 |- |Pipari |34 |440 |- |Janjra |84 |906 |- |Karup |177 |2,849 |- |Ahmad Chak |20 |0 |- |Malwar |223 |3,103 |- |Marichwar |102 |1,376 |- |Rehi |114 |1,086 |- |Sonbarsa |90 |513 |- |Mauni |97 |614 |- |Saunja |92 |592 |- |Mitanda |73 |393 |- |Budhua |53 |319 |- |Chakia |21 |383 |- |Rampur |14 |117 |- |Sarae Bahan |26 |0 |- |Sewati |81 |991 |- |Isharpura |76 |0 |- |Chhuria |49 |255 |- |Madaini |67 |620 |- |Thanuan |91 |1,080 |- |Bhadarshila |163 |695 |- |Kusahi |47 |0 |- |Girdharia |114 |1,224 |- |'''Sheosagar''' ''(capital)'' |51 |2,065 |- |Kadwa |52 |0 |- |Chanua |151 |1,306 |- |Sonahar |486 |4,839 |- |Mahawar |42 |0 |- |Bhimakoni |36 |0 |- |Pakaria |88 |675 |- |Ahladpur |50 |0 |- |Shahpur |28 |643 |- |Sikraur |267 |2,297 |- |Keshopur |64 |0 |- |Arazi Sarae |32 |0 |- |Sarae Hewandhi |23 |0 |- |Baheri |63 |696 |- |Markan |80 |538 |- |Banahi |24 |0 |- |Patkhaulia |95 |272 |- |Naudiha |91 |732 |- |Bishunpur |55 |289 |- |Kusaha |81 |0 |- |Chor |499 |6,473 |- |Uchauli |63 |0 |- |Karma |42 |778 |- |Kala Shahar |80 |795 |- |Danrwa |129 |1,235 |- |Baddi |206 |2,236 |- |Amtha |76 |1,124 |- |Gamharia |48 |0 |- |Alampur |585 |8,453 |- |Sarean |61 |0 |- |Khurhnu |138 |1,543 |- |Majhui |209 |2,170 |- |Kekai |114 |1,181 |- |Maldaha |70 |355 |- |Pitambarpur |98 |400 |- |Mohanian |236 |1,954 |- |Kajhawan |179 |687 |- |Chamaraha |66 |0 |- |Bania Dih |38 |0 |- |Mahua Pokhar |109 |183 |- |Bahdimpur |86 |0 |- |Kusumha |2,997 |106 |- |Panari Dai |47 |0 |- |Sighanpura |209 |844 |- |Lutra |249 |798 |- |Khari Ghat |435 |0 |- |Ulho |192 |2,169 |- |Barka Dih |68 |892 |- |Kachnath |38 |997 |- |Gosahar |110 |1,883 |- |Murlipur |146 |2,002 |- |Sikandarpur |103 |1,350 |- |Tar Dih |294 |0 |- |Narwa |4,104 |0 |- |Chapri |1,461 |66 |- |Darshana |1,085 |0 |- |Mohammadpur |120 |2,293 |- |Bisrampur |130 |3,270 |- |Khardihan |115 |431 |- |Sukuhin |93 |2,504 |- |Dhanauti |34 |0 |- |Sigthi |44 |0 |- |Duba |55 |0 |} ==संदर्भ== [[प्रयोगकर्ता:SachinAryanInd|SachinAryanInd]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:SachinAryanInd|बात करीं]]) 05:01, 22 मई 2021 (UTC) [[श्रेणी:जवन निर्देशांक विकिडेटा पर मौजूद नइखे]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के गाँव]] [[श्रेणी:रोहतास जिला के गाँव]] 82tkb0e620xcfc9t9hj6drczao00cbd 0 80240 814362 787310 2026-11-07T07:14:38Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा | image = Sunderlal Bahuguna at New Tehri cropped.jpg | alt = उज्जर कपड़ा आ उज्जर दाढ़ी में एगो सोझा देखत ब्यक्ति | caption = [[नई टिहरी]] में सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा | image_size = 225 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1927|1|09}} | birth_place = मारोदा, [[टिहरी गढ़वाल]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] (अब [[उत्तराखंड]]) | death_date = {{Death date and age |df=yes|2021|5|21|1927|1|09}}<ref name="toi" /> | death_place = [[ऋषिकेश]], उत्तराखंड<ref name="toi" /> | nationality = भारतीय | occupation = {{Hlist | एक्टिविस्ट | गाँधीवादी | पर्यावरणवादी}} | known_for = चिपको आंदोलन | awards = {{Hlist | राइट टू लाइवलिहुड अवार्ड | जमनालाल बजाज पुरस्कार | [[पद्म विभूषण]] (2009)}} | spouse = विमला बहुगुणा | children = 3 }} '''सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा''' (9 जनवरी 1927 — 21 मई 2021)<ref name="toi" /><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/dams-paving-way-for-more-calamities-sunderlal-bahuguna/articleshow/62434100.cms | title=Dams paving way for more calamities: Sunderlal Bahuguna | first=सीमा | last=शर्मा | date=10 जनवरी 2018 | newspaper=[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]] | access-date=17 अक्टूबर 2018 }}</ref> एगो एक्टिविस्ट, गाँधीवादी आ पर्यावरणवादी रहलें। गढ़वाल हिमालय के इलाका में 1970 के दशक में पर्यावरण बचावे आ पेड़ के कटाई रोके खातिर इनके आंदोलन [[चिपको आंदोलन]] के नाँव से परसिद्ध भइल। इनके पर्यावरण आंदोलन के खाली भारते ना बलुक पुरा बिस्व में पहिचान मिलल। भारत सरकार बाद में इनके [[पद्म विभूषण]] से सम्मानित कइलस जे भारत के दुसरा सभसे ऊँच नागरिक सम्मान हवे। एकरे अलावा इनके जमनालाल बजाज पुरस्कार आ परसिद्ध ''राइट लाइवलिहुड अवार्ड'' मिलल रहल। 21 मई 2021 के [[ऋषिकेश]] के एम्स में इनके 94 बरिस के उमिर में निधन भ गइल। इनके एहिजे [[कोविड-19]] के इलाज खातिर भर्ती करावल गइल रहल। == सुरुआती जिनगी == सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा के जनम 9 जनवरी 1927 के तत्कालीन ब्रिटिश भारत के टेहरी गढ़वाल जिला के मारोदा गाँव में भइल रहे। == सुरुआती आंदोलन == बहुगुणा सामाजिक एक्टिविस्ट के रूप में अपना भूमिका के सुरुआत बस तेरह बरिस के उमिर में श्री देव सुमन के संरक्षण में शुरू कइले रहलें जे अहिंसा के सनेसा फइलावे के काम करें।<ref name=thakur>{{cite book|last=Pallavi Takur|first=Vikas Arora, Sheetal Khanka|title=Chipko Movement|year=2010|publisher=Global Vision Pub. House|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788182202887|page=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_V9tgT_8170C&pg=PA131|edition=1st}}</ref> सुरुआत में बहुगुणा अछूत परंपरा के खिलाफ लड़ाई शुरू कइलेन। बहुगुणा भारत के आज़ादी के आंदोलन में लोगन के अगुवाई कइलेन <ref name=goldsmith>{{cite news | last =Goldsmith | first =Katherine | title =A Gentle Warrior | newspaper =Resurgence & Ecologist | url =http://www.resurgence.org/magazine/article2256-a-gentle-warrior.html |access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> भारत के आज़ादी के समय ई उत्तर प्रदेश के कांग्रेस से जुड़ल रहलें।<ref name=vandana>{{cite book|last=Shiva|first=Vandana|title=Staying alive: women, ecology, and development|year=1990|publisher=Zed Books|location=London|isbn=9780862328238|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPaA4Nb0w0YC&pg=PA70}}</ref> ओकरे बाद पहाड़ी औरतन के एकट्ठा क के शराब के खिलाफ आंदोलन शुरू कइलेन, 1965 से 1970 के दौरान।<ref>[http://www.culturopedia.com/personalities/indianpersonality-sunderlal.html Sunderlal Bahuguna] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227151459/http://www.culturopedia.com/Personalities/indianpersonality-sunderlal.html |date=27 दिसंबर 2008 }} ''culturopedia.com''.</ref> बहुगुणा गाँधीवादी बिचारधारा अपना लिहले रहलें आ अपनी पत्नी विमला से एही शर्त पर बियाह कइले रहलें कि दुनों जन देहात के इलाका में रह के जिनगी बिताई आ गाँव में आश्रम के अस्थापना करी।<ref name=goldsmith/> गाँधी के बिचार से परभावित बहुगुणा उत्तराखंड में लगभग 4,700 किलोमीटर के जतरा पैदल कइलें जेह में उनके बड़-बड़ प्रोजेक्ट सभ से हिमालय के नाजुक इकोसिस्टम पर पड़े वाला परभाव देखलाई पड़ल आ एहिजे के गाँवन के सामाजिक-आर्थिक समस्या समुझे में मदद मिलल।<ref name=goldsmith/> == चिपको आंदोलन == {{main|चिपको आंदोलन}} चिपको आंदोलन, 26 मार्च 1974 के शुरू भइल एगो जनआंदोलन रहे जे उत्तर प्रदेश के पहाड़ी इलाका सभ में (आज के उत्तराखंड) अपने-आप लोकल लोगन द्वारा शुरू भइल। ई आंदोलन लकड़ी के ठीकेदार लोगन के जंगल आ पेड़ के कटाई के खिलाफ रहे। आंदोलन में हिस्सा लेवे वाला लोग पेड़ सभ के काटे से बचावे खातिर पेड़ से जा के सपट जाय आ आपन बिरोध दर्ज करावे।<ref name=right/> बहुगुणा एह आंदोलन से जुड़ गइलें आ नारा दिहलें "Ecology is permanent economy" (अरथ: पारितंत्र परमानेंट अर्थबेवस्था हवे)। बहुगुणा एह आंदोलन खाती समर्थन जुटावे निकल पड़लें आ 5,000-किलोमीटर के हिमालय जतरा शुरू कइलेन<ref name=goldsmith/> जे 1981 से 1983 ले चलल जेह में गाँव-गाँव जा के लोगन से भेंट-मुलाकात क के एह आंदोलन खाती समर्थन माँगल गइल। एही के बाद बहुगुणा तत्कालीन परधानमंत्री इंदिरा गांधी से मिललें आ एह मीटिंग के परिणाम रहल कि हरियर पेड़ काटे पर 15-बरिस के प्रतिबंध 1980 में लगावल गइल।<ref name=tri>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070708/edit.htm#2 Bahuguna, the sentinel of Himalayas] by Harihar Swarup, ''दि ट्रिब्यून'', 8 जुलाई 2007.</ref> बहुगुणा चिपको आंदोलन के प्रमुख नेता [[गौरा देवी]] के संपर्क में नजदीकी से रहलें।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thefederal.com/news/chipko-movement-leader-sunderlal-bahuguna-succumbs-to-covid/amp/ | title=Chipko movement leader Sunderlal Bahuguna succumbs to COVID | publisher=The Federal | date=21 मई 2021 | accessdate=21 मई 2021 | archive-date=2021-05-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521224511/https://thefederal.com/news/chipko-movement-leader-sunderlal-bahuguna-succumbs-to-covid/amp/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> एही आंदोलन के समय एगो अउरी पर्यावरणी नेता [[चंडीप्रसाद भट्ट]] से इनके जुड़ाव आ सहजोग भइल। == टिहरी बाँध के बिरोध == [[File:A protest message against Tehri dam, Garhwal, Uttarakhand.jpg|right|240px|thumb|[[टिहरी बाँध]] के खिलाफ घर के देवाल पर लिखल एगो नारा।]] [[चित्र:Sunderlal Bahuguna at New Tehri.jpg|240px|thumb|alt=एगो बूढ़ ब्यक्ति अपना सोझा बइठल लोगन के ओर आ कैमरा के ओर देखत|नई टिहरी में जुवा लोगन से चर्चा-परिचर्चा करत बहुगुणा। फोटो 2008 के हवे जब अंततः बान्ह बन गइल रहे।]] बहुगुणा टिहरी में शुरू भइल बाँध प्रोजेक्ट के शुरू से खिलाफ रहलें आ एकरा बिरोध में अहिंसक सत्याग्रह आ अनशन कइलें।<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D71E39F93BA2575AC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Big Dam on Source of the Ganges Proceeds Despite Earthquake Fear] ''[[New York Times]]'', 18 September 1990.</ref> 1995 में बहुगुणा 45-दिन ले अनशन पर रहलें जेकरे बाद तत्कालीन परधानमंत्री पी. वी. नरसिम्हाराव वादा कइलें कि बान्ह के इकोलोजिकल परभाव के आकलन करे खाती समीक्षा समीति बनावल जाई। एकरे बादो बहुगुणा दुसरा अनशन दिल्ली में राजघाट पर 74-दिन के कइलेन,<ref>[http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html "If the Himalayas die, this country is nowhere"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209062905/http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html |date=9 December 2006 }}. An Interview with Sunderlal Bahuguna with Anuradha Dutt (1996 Rediff Article). Uttarakhand.prayaga.org. Retrieved on 1 May 2012.</ref> जब एच. डी. देवेगौड़ा के सरकार रहल आ देवेगौड़ो पर्सनल आश्वासन दिहलें कि समीक्षा कइल जाई। हालाँकि, सुप्रीम कोर्ट में एक दशक से बेसी ले चलल केस में 2001 में फैसला आइल आ काम शुरू हो गइल। अंत में, 2004 में बान्ह में पानी भरा गइल आ 31 जुलाई 2004 के बहुगुणा के टिहरी के ई इलाका छोड़ देवे के परल। टिहरी बाँध के भीतर बूड़े वाला गाँव सभ में इनहूँ के गाँव रहल। बाद में ई उत्तराखंड के राजधानी [[देहरादून]] आ गइलें आ अपनी पत्नी के साथे इहँवे रहत रहलें।<ref name=tri/> सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा हिमालय आ हिमालय पर बसे वाला पहाड़ी लोगन के सबल रक्षक रहलें। ई भारतीय नदी सभ के बचावे खाती भी सक्रिय रहलें।<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827002803600.htm 'My fight is to save the Himalayas'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212457/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827002803600.htm |date=26 सितंबर 2007 }} ''Frontline'', Volume 21 – Issue 17, 14– 27Aug 2004.</ref><ref>[http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html Bahuguna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209062905/http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html |date=9 December 2006 }} ''uttarakhand.prayaga.org''</ref> == निधन == बहुगुणा के 8 मई 2021 के [[ऋषिकेश]] के एम्स में दाखिल करावल गइल, जब ऊ [[कोविड-19 महामारी]] के चलते कोरोना पाजिटिव पावल गइल रहलें। एहिजे इलाज के दौरान 21 मई 2021 के 94 बरिस के उमिर में इनके निधन भ गइल।<ref name="toi">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/environmentalist-sundarlal-bahuguna-dies-of-covid-at-aiims-rishikesh/articleshow/82824509.cms | title=Environmentalist Sundarlal Bahuguna dies of Covid at AIIMS-Rishikesh | publisher=[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]] | date=21 मई 2021 | accessdate=21 मई 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/environmentalist-sunderlal-bahuguna-dies-of-covid-in-rishikesh-hospital/articleshow/82825831.cms | title=Noted environmentalist Sunderlal Bahuguna passes away | publisher=[[दि इकोनॉमिक टाइम्स]] | date=21 मई 2021 | accessdate=21 मई 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 मई 2021|title=LIVE: Leader of Chipko Movement, Sunderlal Bahuguna, succumbs to Covid-19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid19-coronavirus-latest-updates-death-toll-india-world-may-21-2021-101621559755794.html|access-date=21 मई 2021|website=[[हिंदुस्तान टाइम्स]]|language=en}}</ref> == पुरस्कार, अवार्ड आ सम्मान == * 1981: [[पद्म श्री]], भारत सरकार द्वारा दिहल गइल जेकरा लेवे से इनकार क दिहलें।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/noted-activist-sunderlal-bahuguna-turns-90.html|title=Noted activist Sunderlal Bahuguna turns 90|date=10 जनवरी 2017|website=पायोनियर|language=en|access-date=21 अक्टूबर 2018|archive-date=2019-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014155207/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/noted-activist-sunderlal-bahuguna-turns-90.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1987: ''[[राइट लाइवलिहुड अवार्ड]]'' ([[चिपको आंदोलन]] खातिर)<ref name="right">[http://www.rightlivelihood.org/chipko.html Chipko] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223206/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/chipko.html |date= 3 March 2016 }} ''Right Livelihood Award'' Official website.</ref> * 1986: [[जमनालाल बजाज अवार्ड]], रचनात्मक काम खातिर<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2010 |publisher=जमनालाल बजाज फाउंडेशन}}</ref> * 2009: [[पद्म विभूषण]], भारत सरकार द्वारा, पर्यावरण संरक्षण खातिर<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/List-of-Padma-awardees-2009/article16360332.ece|title=List of Padma awardees 2009|date=2009 |work=[[दि हिंदू]] |access-date=12 फरवरी 2018|language=en |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=gov>{{cite web | url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php | title=Padma Vishushan awardees | publisher=[[भारत सरकार]] के पोर्टल| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427005511/http://india.gov.in:80/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php | archive-date=27 अप्रैल 2009 | access-date=17 अक्टूबर 2018 }}</ref> == किताब == * ''इंडियाज एनवायरनमेंट: मिथ & रियलिटी'' — वंदना शिवा आ मेधा पाटेकर के साथे<ref name="books"/> * ''एनवायरनमेंटल क्राइसिस एंड ह्यूमंस एट रिस्क'' — राजीव सिन्हा के साथे<ref name="books"/> * ''भू प्रयोग में बुनियादी परिवर्तन की ओर''<ref name="books"/> * ''धरती की पुकार''<ref name="books">{{cite web |publisher=flipkart |title=Sunderlal Bahuguna |url=http://www.flipkart.com/search/a/books?semcmpid=sem_books_goog&query=sunderlal%20bahuguna&gclid=CLjysaeT8bICFVEk6wody0oAZQ |access-date=8 अक्टूबर 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''दि रोड टू सर्वाइवल'' (2009)<ref name="Bahuguna2009">{{cite book|author=Sunderlal Bahuguna|title=The Road to Survival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1iq1ngEACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Mathrubhumi Books|isbn=978-81-8264-790-9}}</ref> === बहुगुणा के ऊपर लिखल किताब === *''इकोलॉजी इस़ परमानेंट इकोनॉमी: दि एक्टिविज्म एंड एनवायरनमेंटल फिलोसफी ऑफ़ सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा'' - जॉर्ज अल्फ्रेड जेम्स <ref name="James2013">{{cite book|author=George Alfred James|title=Ecology Is Permanent Economy: The Activism and Environmental Philosophy of Sunderlal Bahuguna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HLgEXiS-dh0C&pg=PP1|date=1 January 2013|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-4673-8|pages=1–}}</ref> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{कॉमंस श्रेणी|Sunderlal Bahuguna}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030730201828/http://www.resurgence.gn.apc.org/articles/goldsmith.htm An essay by Katherine Goldsmith] * [http://www.narmada.org/related.issues/kali/press.releases/20030605.html "If the Himalayas die, this country is nowhere"] <!-- {{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}--> <!-- {{Jamnalal Bajaj Award winners}}--> {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1927 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2021 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरणवादी]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरणी एक्टिविस्ट]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तराखंड के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:कोविड-19 महामारी]] dn7do7al1mfljlwos7z3fl8if0f25yx 814363 814362 2026-11-07T07:14:40Z KiranBOT 38109 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 814363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा | image = Sunderlal Bahuguna at New Tehri cropped.jpg | alt = उज्जर कपड़ा आ उज्जर दाढ़ी में एगो सोझा देखत ब्यक्ति | caption = [[नई टिहरी]] में सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा | image_size = 225 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1927|1|09}} | birth_place = मारोदा, [[टिहरी गढ़वाल]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] (अब [[उत्तराखंड]]) | death_date = {{Death date and age |df=yes|2021|5|21|1927|1|09}}<ref name="toi" /> | death_place = [[ऋषिकेश]], उत्तराखंड<ref name="toi" /> | nationality = भारतीय | occupation = {{Hlist | एक्टिविस्ट | गाँधीवादी | पर्यावरणवादी}} | known_for = चिपको आंदोलन | awards = {{Hlist | राइट टू लाइवलिहुड अवार्ड | जमनालाल बजाज पुरस्कार | [[पद्म विभूषण]] (2009)}} | spouse = विमला बहुगुणा | children = 3 }} '''सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा''' (9 जनवरी 1927 — 21 मई 2021)<ref name="toi" /><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/dams-paving-way-for-more-calamities-sunderlal-bahuguna/articleshow/62434100.cms | title=Dams paving way for more calamities: Sunderlal Bahuguna | first=सीमा | last=शर्मा | date=10 जनवरी 2018 | newspaper=[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]] | access-date=17 अक्टूबर 2018 }}</ref> एगो एक्टिविस्ट, गाँधीवादी आ पर्यावरणवादी रहलें। गढ़वाल हिमालय के इलाका में 1970 के दशक में पर्यावरण बचावे आ पेड़ के कटाई रोके खातिर इनके आंदोलन [[चिपको आंदोलन]] के नाँव से परसिद्ध भइल। इनके पर्यावरण आंदोलन के खाली भारते ना बलुक पुरा बिस्व में पहिचान मिलल। भारत सरकार बाद में इनके [[पद्म विभूषण]] से सम्मानित कइलस जे भारत के दुसरा सभसे ऊँच नागरिक सम्मान हवे। एकरे अलावा इनके जमनालाल बजाज पुरस्कार आ परसिद्ध ''राइट लाइवलिहुड अवार्ड'' मिलल रहल। 21 मई 2021 के [[ऋषिकेश]] के एम्स में इनके 94 बरिस के उमिर में निधन भ गइल। इनके एहिजे [[कोविड-19]] के इलाज खातिर भर्ती करावल गइल रहल। == सुरुआती जिनगी == सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा के जनम 9 जनवरी 1927 के तत्कालीन ब्रिटिश भारत के टेहरी गढ़वाल जिला के मारोदा गाँव में भइल रहे। == सुरुआती आंदोलन == बहुगुणा सामाजिक एक्टिविस्ट के रूप में अपना भूमिका के सुरुआत बस तेरह बरिस के उमिर में श्री देव सुमन के संरक्षण में शुरू कइले रहलें जे अहिंसा के सनेसा फइलावे के काम करें।<ref name=thakur>{{cite book|last=Pallavi Takur|first=Vikas Arora, Sheetal Khanka|title=Chipko Movement|year=2010|publisher=Global Vision Pub. House|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788182202887|page=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_V9tgT_8170C&pg=PA131|edition=1st}}</ref> सुरुआत में बहुगुणा अछूत परंपरा के खिलाफ लड़ाई शुरू कइलेन। बहुगुणा भारत के आज़ादी के आंदोलन में लोगन के अगुवाई कइलेन <ref name=goldsmith>{{cite news | last =Goldsmith | first =Katherine | title =A Gentle Warrior | newspaper =Resurgence & Ecologist | url =http://www.resurgence.org/magazine/article2256-a-gentle-warrior.html |access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> भारत के आज़ादी के समय ई उत्तर प्रदेश के कांग्रेस से जुड़ल रहलें।<ref name=vandana>{{cite book|last=Shiva|first=Vandana|title=Staying alive: women, ecology, and development|year=1990|publisher=Zed Books|location=London|isbn=9780862328238|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPaA4Nb0w0YC&pg=PA70}}</ref> ओकरे बाद पहाड़ी औरतन के एकट्ठा क के शराब के खिलाफ आंदोलन शुरू कइलेन, 1965 से 1970 के दौरान।<ref>[http://www.culturopedia.com/personalities/indianpersonality-sunderlal.html Sunderlal Bahuguna] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227151459/http://www.culturopedia.com/Personalities/indianpersonality-sunderlal.html |date=27 दिसंबर 2008 }} ''culturopedia.com''.</ref> बहुगुणा गाँधीवादी बिचारधारा अपना लिहले रहलें आ अपनी पत्नी विमला से एही शर्त पर बियाह कइले रहलें कि दुनों जन देहात के इलाका में रह के जिनगी बिताई आ गाँव में आश्रम के अस्थापना करी।<ref name=goldsmith/> गाँधी के बिचार से परभावित बहुगुणा उत्तराखंड में लगभग 4,700 किलोमीटर के जतरा पैदल कइलें जेह में उनके बड़-बड़ प्रोजेक्ट सभ से हिमालय के नाजुक इकोसिस्टम पर पड़े वाला परभाव देखलाई पड़ल आ एहिजे के गाँवन के सामाजिक-आर्थिक समस्या समुझे में मदद मिलल।<ref name=goldsmith/> == चिपको आंदोलन == {{main|चिपको आंदोलन}} चिपको आंदोलन, 26 मार्च 1974 के शुरू भइल एगो जनआंदोलन रहे जे उत्तर प्रदेश के पहाड़ी इलाका सभ में (आज के उत्तराखंड) अपने-आप लोकल लोगन द्वारा शुरू भइल। ई आंदोलन लकड़ी के ठीकेदार लोगन के जंगल आ पेड़ के कटाई के खिलाफ रहे। आंदोलन में हिस्सा लेवे वाला लोग पेड़ सभ के काटे से बचावे खातिर पेड़ से जा के सपट जाय आ आपन बिरोध दर्ज करावे।<ref name=right/> बहुगुणा एह आंदोलन से जुड़ गइलें आ नारा दिहलें "Ecology is permanent economy" (अरथ: पारितंत्र परमानेंट अर्थबेवस्था हवे)। बहुगुणा एह आंदोलन खाती समर्थन जुटावे निकल पड़लें आ 5,000-किलोमीटर के हिमालय जतरा शुरू कइलेन<ref name=goldsmith/> जे 1981 से 1983 ले चलल जेह में गाँव-गाँव जा के लोगन से भेंट-मुलाकात क के एह आंदोलन खाती समर्थन माँगल गइल। एही के बाद बहुगुणा तत्कालीन परधानमंत्री इंदिरा गांधी से मिललें आ एह मीटिंग के परिणाम रहल कि हरियर पेड़ काटे पर 15-बरिस के प्रतिबंध 1980 में लगावल गइल।<ref name=tri>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070708/edit.htm#2 Bahuguna, the sentinel of Himalayas] by Harihar Swarup, ''दि ट्रिब्यून'', 8 जुलाई 2007.</ref> बहुगुणा चिपको आंदोलन के प्रमुख नेता [[गौरा देवी]] के संपर्क में नजदीकी से रहलें।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thefederal.com/news/chipko-movement-leader-sunderlal-bahuguna-succumbs-to-covid/ | title=Chipko movement leader Sunderlal Bahuguna succumbs to COVID | publisher=The Federal | date=21 मई 2021 | accessdate=21 मई 2021 | archive-date=2021-05-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521224511/https://thefederal.com/news/chipko-movement-leader-sunderlal-bahuguna-succumbs-to-covid/amp/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> एही आंदोलन के समय एगो अउरी पर्यावरणी नेता [[चंडीप्रसाद भट्ट]] से इनके जुड़ाव आ सहजोग भइल। == टिहरी बाँध के बिरोध == [[File:A protest message against Tehri dam, Garhwal, Uttarakhand.jpg|right|240px|thumb|[[टिहरी बाँध]] के खिलाफ घर के देवाल पर लिखल एगो नारा।]] [[चित्र:Sunderlal Bahuguna at New Tehri.jpg|240px|thumb|alt=एगो बूढ़ ब्यक्ति अपना सोझा बइठल लोगन के ओर आ कैमरा के ओर देखत|नई टिहरी में जुवा लोगन से चर्चा-परिचर्चा करत बहुगुणा। फोटो 2008 के हवे जब अंततः बान्ह बन गइल रहे।]] बहुगुणा टिहरी में शुरू भइल बाँध प्रोजेक्ट के शुरू से खिलाफ रहलें आ एकरा बिरोध में अहिंसक सत्याग्रह आ अनशन कइलें।<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D71E39F93BA2575AC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Big Dam on Source of the Ganges Proceeds Despite Earthquake Fear] ''[[New York Times]]'', 18 September 1990.</ref> 1995 में बहुगुणा 45-दिन ले अनशन पर रहलें जेकरे बाद तत्कालीन परधानमंत्री पी. वी. नरसिम्हाराव वादा कइलें कि बान्ह के इकोलोजिकल परभाव के आकलन करे खाती समीक्षा समीति बनावल जाई। एकरे बादो बहुगुणा दुसरा अनशन दिल्ली में राजघाट पर 74-दिन के कइलेन,<ref>[http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html "If the Himalayas die, this country is nowhere"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209062905/http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html |date=9 December 2006 }}. An Interview with Sunderlal Bahuguna with Anuradha Dutt (1996 Rediff Article). Uttarakhand.prayaga.org. Retrieved on 1 May 2012.</ref> जब एच. डी. देवेगौड़ा के सरकार रहल आ देवेगौड़ो पर्सनल आश्वासन दिहलें कि समीक्षा कइल जाई। हालाँकि, सुप्रीम कोर्ट में एक दशक से बेसी ले चलल केस में 2001 में फैसला आइल आ काम शुरू हो गइल। अंत में, 2004 में बान्ह में पानी भरा गइल आ 31 जुलाई 2004 के बहुगुणा के टिहरी के ई इलाका छोड़ देवे के परल। टिहरी बाँध के भीतर बूड़े वाला गाँव सभ में इनहूँ के गाँव रहल। बाद में ई उत्तराखंड के राजधानी [[देहरादून]] आ गइलें आ अपनी पत्नी के साथे इहँवे रहत रहलें।<ref name=tri/> सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा हिमालय आ हिमालय पर बसे वाला पहाड़ी लोगन के सबल रक्षक रहलें। ई भारतीय नदी सभ के बचावे खाती भी सक्रिय रहलें।<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827002803600.htm 'My fight is to save the Himalayas'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212457/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827002803600.htm |date=26 सितंबर 2007 }} ''Frontline'', Volume 21 – Issue 17, 14– 27Aug 2004.</ref><ref>[http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html Bahuguna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209062905/http://uttarakhand.prayaga.org/bahuguna.html |date=9 December 2006 }} ''uttarakhand.prayaga.org''</ref> == निधन == बहुगुणा के 8 मई 2021 के [[ऋषिकेश]] के एम्स में दाखिल करावल गइल, जब ऊ [[कोविड-19 महामारी]] के चलते कोरोना पाजिटिव पावल गइल रहलें। एहिजे इलाज के दौरान 21 मई 2021 के 94 बरिस के उमिर में इनके निधन भ गइल।<ref name="toi">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/environmentalist-sundarlal-bahuguna-dies-of-covid-at-aiims-rishikesh/articleshow/82824509.cms | title=Environmentalist Sundarlal Bahuguna dies of Covid at AIIMS-Rishikesh | publisher=[[दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया]] | date=21 मई 2021 | accessdate=21 मई 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/environmentalist-sunderlal-bahuguna-dies-of-covid-in-rishikesh-hospital/articleshow/82825831.cms | title=Noted environmentalist Sunderlal Bahuguna passes away | publisher=[[दि इकोनॉमिक टाइम्स]] | date=21 मई 2021 | accessdate=21 मई 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 मई 2021|title=LIVE: Leader of Chipko Movement, Sunderlal Bahuguna, succumbs to Covid-19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid19-coronavirus-latest-updates-death-toll-india-world-may-21-2021-101621559755794.html|access-date=21 मई 2021|website=[[हिंदुस्तान टाइम्स]]|language=en}}</ref> == पुरस्कार, अवार्ड आ सम्मान == * 1981: [[पद्म श्री]], भारत सरकार द्वारा दिहल गइल जेकरा लेवे से इनकार क दिहलें।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/noted-activist-sunderlal-bahuguna-turns-90.html|title=Noted activist Sunderlal Bahuguna turns 90|date=10 जनवरी 2017|website=पायोनियर|language=en|access-date=21 अक्टूबर 2018|archive-date=2019-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014155207/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/noted-activist-sunderlal-bahuguna-turns-90.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1987: ''[[राइट लाइवलिहुड अवार्ड]]'' ([[चिपको आंदोलन]] खातिर)<ref name="right">[http://www.rightlivelihood.org/chipko.html Chipko] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223206/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/chipko.html |date= 3 March 2016 }} ''Right Livelihood Award'' Official website.</ref> * 1986: [[जमनालाल बजाज अवार्ड]], रचनात्मक काम खातिर<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2010 |publisher=जमनालाल बजाज फाउंडेशन}}</ref> * 2009: [[पद्म विभूषण]], भारत सरकार द्वारा, पर्यावरण संरक्षण खातिर<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/List-of-Padma-awardees-2009/article16360332.ece|title=List of Padma awardees 2009|date=2009 |work=[[दि हिंदू]] |access-date=12 फरवरी 2018|language=en |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=gov>{{cite web | url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php | title=Padma Vishushan awardees | publisher=[[भारत सरकार]] के पोर्टल| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427005511/http://india.gov.in:80/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php | archive-date=27 अप्रैल 2009 | access-date=17 अक्टूबर 2018 }}</ref> == किताब == * ''इंडियाज एनवायरनमेंट: मिथ & रियलिटी'' — वंदना शिवा आ मेधा पाटेकर के साथे<ref name="books"/> * ''एनवायरनमेंटल क्राइसिस एंड ह्यूमंस एट रिस्क'' — राजीव सिन्हा के साथे<ref name="books"/> * ''भू प्रयोग में बुनियादी परिवर्तन की ओर''<ref name="books"/> * ''धरती की पुकार''<ref name="books">{{cite web |publisher=flipkart |title=Sunderlal Bahuguna |url=http://www.flipkart.com/search/a/books?semcmpid=sem_books_goog&query=sunderlal%20bahuguna&gclid=CLjysaeT8bICFVEk6wody0oAZQ |access-date=8 अक्टूबर 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''दि रोड टू सर्वाइवल'' (2009)<ref name="Bahuguna2009">{{cite book|author=Sunderlal Bahuguna|title=The Road to Survival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1iq1ngEACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Mathrubhumi Books|isbn=978-81-8264-790-9}}</ref> === बहुगुणा के ऊपर लिखल किताब === *''इकोलॉजी इस़ परमानेंट इकोनॉमी: दि एक्टिविज्म एंड एनवायरनमेंटल फिलोसफी ऑफ़ सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा'' - जॉर्ज अल्फ्रेड जेम्स <ref name="James2013">{{cite book|author=George Alfred James|title=Ecology Is Permanent Economy: The Activism and Environmental Philosophy of Sunderlal Bahuguna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HLgEXiS-dh0C&pg=PP1|date=1 January 2013|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-4673-8|pages=1–}}</ref> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{कॉमंस श्रेणी|Sunderlal Bahuguna}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030730201828/http://www.resurgence.gn.apc.org/articles/goldsmith.htm An essay by Katherine Goldsmith] * [http://www.narmada.org/related.issues/kali/press.releases/20030605.html "If the Himalayas die, this country is nowhere"] <!-- {{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}--> <!-- {{Jamnalal Bajaj Award winners}}--> {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1927 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:2021 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरणवादी]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरणी एक्टिविस्ट]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तराखंड के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:कोविड-19 महामारी]] lb7rv5xxc1sbmkm4jou4bp1lwhovsod 0 80289 814235 696261 2026-11-06T16:05:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = सिकटा<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = <!-- if different from the English name --> |settlement_type = बिधानसभा क्षेत्र <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | pushpin_map = India Bihar | map_caption = बिहार मे स्थान |coordinates = {{coord|27|11|07|N|84|27|12|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] |subdivision_type2 = [[बिहार के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] |subdivision_name2 = [[पच्छिम चंपारण जिला|पच्छिम चंपारण]] |subdivision_type3 = [[बिहार के बिधानसभा क्षेत्रन के सूची|बिधानसभा संख्या]] |subdivision_name3 = 9 |subdivision_type4 = Type |subdivision_name4 = Open |subdivision_type5 = [[लोकसभा]] क्षेत्र |subdivision_name5 = [[वाल्मीकि नगर (लोकसभा क्षेत्र)|वाल्मीकि नगर]] |subdivision_type6 = मातदान प्रनाली |subdivision_name6 = [[फर्स्ट पास्ट द पोस्ट]] <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''सिकटा''' भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[पच्छिम चंपारण जिला]] मे एगो बिधानसभा क्षेत्र हऽ। [[श्रेणी:बिहार के बिधानसभा क्षेत्र]] {{Bihar-stub}} fl9qit6bvl25gnq5ijf4ph7qqklefnk 0 80343 814370 696387 2026-11-07T07:15:03Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = सुगौली<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = <!-- if different from the English name --> |settlement_type = बिधानसभा क्षेत्र <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | pushpin_map = India Bihar | map_caption = बिहार मे स्थान |coordinates = {{coord|26|47|N|84|44|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = देस |subdivision_name = {{IND}} |subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] |subdivision_name1 = [[बिहार]] |subdivision_type2 = [[बिहार के जिला सभ के लिस्ट|जिला]] |subdivision_name2 = [[पच्छिम चंपारण जिला|पच्छिम चंपारण]] |subdivision_type3 = [[बिहार के बिधानसभा क्षेत्रन के सूची|बिधानसभा संख्या]] |subdivision_name3 = 11 |subdivision_type4 = Type |subdivision_name4 = Open |subdivision_type5 = [[लोकसभा]] क्षेत्र |subdivision_name5 = [[पश्चिम चम्पारण (लोकसभा क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम चम्पारण]] |subdivision_type6 = मातदान प्रनाली |subdivision_name6 = [[फर्स्ट पास्ट द पोस्ट]] <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''सुगौली''' भारत के [[बिहार]] राज्य के [[पूर्बी चंपारन जिला]] मे एगो बिधानसभा क्षेत्र हऽ। [[श्रेणी:बिहार के बिधानसभा क्षेत्र]] {{Bihar-stub}} 0rjudthq5bhnv2yxu5b5jz6dcndhjpu 0 80693 814417 697748 2026-11-07T07:47:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814417 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|260px|thumb|सोझा के ओर, सेंट पीटर्स चौराहा से देखले पर सेंट पीटर्स बसिलिका|alt=एगो सुफेद बिल्डिंग आ गोल गुंबद]] '''सेंट पीटर्स बसिलिका''' (St. Peter's Basilica) [[इटली]] के राजधानी [[रोम]] के भीतर ईसाई धर्म के सभसे बड़ अगुवा [[पोप]] के निवास आ अलग देस मानल जाए वाला [[वेटिकन सिटी|वेटिकन शहर]] में एगो चर्च बाटे। ई पोप के चर्च सभ में गिनल जाला आ [[ईसाई धर्म|कैथोलिक ईसाई धर्म]] के सभसे प्रमुख आ पबित्र अस्थान मानल जाला। रेनासां इस्टाइल में बनल एह चर्च के डिजाइन दोनातो ब्रामांते, [[माइकलएंजेलो]], कार्लो माडर्नो आ जियान लोरेंजो बरनिनी के बनावल हवे आ ई अंदरूनी हिस्सा के मोताबिक दुनियाँ के सभसे बड़हन चर्च हवे। कैथोलिक परंपरा माने ले की एहिजे [[संत पीटर]] के समाधी दिहल गइल रहे। संत पीटर यीशु के सभसे प्रिय चेला लोग (एपोस्टल) लोगन में रहलें आ रोम के पहिला बिशप रहलें। संत पीटर के समाधी एह चर्च के अल्तार के ठीक नीचे मानल जाले। एह अस्थान पर चर्च के निर्माण रोम के सम्राट कांस्टेनटाइन महान के दौर में भइल आ पुरनका सेंट पीटर्स चर्च के 4^थी सदी में के बनल मानल जाला। एही के अस्थान पर ई बर्तमान चर्च बनल जेकरे बनावे के काम 18 अप्रैल 1506 में शुरू भइल आ 18 नवंबर 1626 के पूरा भइल। ई ईसाई लोग के परसिद्ध तीरथ हवे। एकरे ठीक सोझा सेंट पीटर्स चौराहा बा। एह जगह आ परिसर के यात्रा सालाना करीब 15,000 से 80,000 लोग करे ला। तीरथ के अलावा ई अपना समय के सभसे बेहतरीन भवन सभ में गिनल जाला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:चर्च]] [[श्रेणी:वेटिकन शहर]] [[श्रेणी:ईसाई धर्म]] {{Religious-struct-stub}} ej9oxq4cmuhl7l1oco91gz6aiwmlicm 0 81965 814022 804015 2026-11-06T13:04:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शोएब मलिक''' (जनम: 1 फरवरी 1982) एगो पाकिस्तानी क्रिकेटर हवन, जे पाकिस्तान राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट दल आ पाकिस्तान सुपर लिग मे पेशावर जाल्मी से खेलेलन। 2007 से 2009 ले ई पाकिस्तान राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट दल के कपतान रहलन। [[श्रेणी:1982 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी लोग]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी मुसलमान]] {{Cricket-bio-stub}} 8ter9uq4yyoxl617yh17nknr4cn50kg 0 82011 813871 810470 2026-11-06T12:52:51Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = विमलेन्द्र निधि <!-- DO ''not'' ADD INDIC SCRIPTS--> |office1 = [[नेपालक उपप्रधानमन्त्री]] |predecessor1 = [[बिजयकुमार गच्छदार]] |primeminister1 = [[पुष्प कमल दाहाल]] |successor1 = [[बिजयकुमार गच्छदार]] |term_start1 = ४ अगस्त २०१६<ref name='sworn'>{{Cite web |url=http://reviewnepal.com/national/newly-appointed-deputy-prime-minister-and-minister-for-home-affairs-bimalendra-nidhi-vows-for-sound-security.html |title=Newly-appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Home Affairs Bimalendra Nidhi vows for sound security |last=Nepal |first=Review |website=Review Nepal News |language=en |access-date=2019-03-14 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110190558/https://reviewnepal.com/national/newly-appointed-deputy-prime-minister-and-minister-for-home-affairs-bimalendra-nidhi-vows-for-sound-security.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |term_end1 = ७ जुन २०१७<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-05-01/dpm-nidhi-resigns.html |title=DPM Nidhi resigns |website=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com |language=English |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> |office2 = गृह मन्त्री |predecessor2 = [[शक्ति बहादुर बस्नेत]] |successor2 = [[जनार्दन शर्मा]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-06-07/president-bhandari-administers-oath-of-office-secrecy-to-deuba.html |title=Deuba sworn in as 40th PM, forms Cabinet by inducting 7 ministers |website=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com |language=English |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> |term_start2 = ४ अगस्त २०१६<ref name='sworn'/> |term_end2 = ३० अप्रिल २०१७ |primeminister2 = [[पुष्प कमल दाहाल]] |office3 = भौतिक पूर्वाधार मन्त्री<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/scs-stay-order-to-correct-16-pt-deal-minister-nidhi/ |title=SC’s stay order to correct 16-pt deal: Minister Nidhi |date=2015-06-20 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en-US |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> |successor3 = [[बिजयकुमार गच्छदार]] |primeminister3 = [[सुशील कोइराला]] |term_start3 = २५ फेब्रुअरी २०१४<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news/2014/02/140225_cabinetexpansion |title=अन्ततः २१ सदस्यीय मन्त्रिमण्डल |trans-title= Finally 21 members cabinet |website=BBC News नेपाली |language=ne |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> |term_end3 = १२ अक्टोबर २०१५ |office4 = शिक्षा मन्त्री |term_start4 = |term_end4 = |office5 = उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्री |predecessor5 = |successor5 = |office6 = सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्री |primeminister6 = [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] |monarch6 =[[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor6 = |successor6 = |term_start6 = १३ डिसेम्बर १९९५<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Minister and State Ministers |date=13 December 1995 |publisher=Ministry of Information and Communication |location=Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=17452 |language=Nepali |access-date=14 March 2019 |type=pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625164333/http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=17452 |archive-date=25 June 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |term_end6 = ११ मार्च १९९७ | office = [[नेपाली कांग्रेस]]के उपसभापति | alongside = [[बिजयकुमार गच्छदार]] | president = [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] | term_start = २०१८ | term_end = | predecessor = [[राम चन्द्र पौडेल]] | successor = |image = Bimalendra Nidh in New Delhi on August 20, 2016 (cropped).jpg |party = [[नेपाली कांग्रेस]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|9|25|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vimarshnews.com/profile-details/28/Bimalendra%20Nidhi |title=Bimalendra Nidhi |website=Vimarshnews |language=en |access-date=2019-03-14 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |birth_place = [[जनकपुर]], [[धनुषा जिला|धनुषा]], [[नेपाल]] |nationality = [[नेपाल|नेपा]]ली |spouse = अनामिका उपशक निधि |residence = नगराइन, धनुषा, नेपाल |alma_mater = [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय]] |website = |father = [[महेन्द्र नारायण निधि]]<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |url=http://election2013.ujyaaloonline.com/candidates/35/Bimalendra-Nidhi/ |title=Bimalendra Nidhi |website=election2013.ujyaaloonline.com |access-date=2019-03-14 |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115121037/http://election2013.ujyaaloonline.com/candidates/35/Bimalendra-Nidhi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |mother = प्रेम सग्री निधि | education = राजनीतिमे एम ए }} '''विमलेन्द्र निधि''' (जन्म: २५ सेप्टेम्बर १९५६) एक नेपालक राजनीतिज्ञ बा। ओ नेपालक भूतपूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री आ गृह मन्त्रीक रूपमे काम केने हाबे। ओ सत्ताधारी दल [[नेपाली कांग्रेस]] पार्टीक वर्तमान उपसभापति बा। ओ दुनु संविधान सभाक सदस्य रहल हाबे। निधि अहि समाजक प्रतिनिधि पात्र बा।<ref>https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2021/11/09/disillusionment-of-madhesi-mainstreamers</ref> ==सन्दर्भ== {{Reflist}} 4elyhosrjm5gdo574ujftbpx4hecdka 0 82187 814159 751793 2026-11-06T15:54:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:JAAHER garh.jpg|240px|thumb|मयूरभंज के लगे एगो गाँव में सरना माने वाला लोगन के धार्मिक रेवाज]] '''सरना''' भारत के पूरबी हिस्सा में, [[छोटानागपुर पठार|छोटा नागपुर]] इलाका आ आसपास के क्षेत्रन के कुछ आदिवासी लोगन के रीत-रेवाज, बिस्वास, आ आध्यात्मिक अउरी धार्मिक सिस्टम हवे। एकरा माने वाला लोग प्रकृति के चीजन में आत्मा के होखल माने वाला आ (एनिमिज्म) हवे आ कई गो पच्छिमी आ भारतीय समाजशास्त्री लोग सरना के अलग किसिम के [[धर्म|धरम]] कहे ला।<ref>{{cite book|last1=कुमार|first1=बिनय|title=Perspectives on Indian Society|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nAVDEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA92&dq=sarna%20jharkhand&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q=sarna%20jharkhand&f=false|accessdate=29 नवंबर 2021}}</ref> एह तरीका से ई रहन-सहन आ बिचार-बेहवार के एगो सिस्टम चाहे पंथ हवे। एकरा माने वाला लोग [[झारखंड]] राज्य में एकरा के अलगा से धरम (रेलिजन) घोषित करे खातिर माँग क रहल बा, हालाँकि अभिन ले एह लोगन के हिंदू धरम में गिनल जाला। सरना के माने वाला लोग एकर बिरोध करे ला आ हाल में, नवंबर 2020 में, झारखंड बिधान सभा एह लोगन के माँग पर "सरना धर्म कोड" पास कइलस।<ref>{{cite news|last1=प्रकाश|first1=रवि|title=क्या आदिवासियों को मिल पाएगा उनका अलग धर्म कोड|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-54975388|accessdate=29 नवंबर 2021|work=बीबीसी हिंदी|date=18 नवंबर 2020|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=केरकेट्टा|first1=जसिंता|title=सरना धर्म कोड: आदिवासियों को मिलेगी उनकी अपनी पहचान|url=https://thewirehindi.com/147603/jharkhand-assembly-resolution-on-sarna-code-adivasis/|accessdate=29 नवंबर 2021|work=दि वायर|date=13 नवंबर 2020}}</ref> सरना के माने वाला आ एकरे हिसाब से रहन-सहन में रहे वाला जनजातीय लोग मुख्य रूप से झारखंड राज्य में बा। एकरे अलावा [[बिहार]], [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] आ [[ओडिशा]] राज्य में ई एह मत के माने वाले लोगन के काफी संख्या बाटे। सरना एह पुरुबी भारत के कई ठे जनजाति सभ में मानल जाला। एह जनजाति सभ में मुंडा, हो, भूमिज, संथाली आ अउरी कई गो जनजाति सभ के लोग बा जे सरना में बिस्वास रखे ला आ एह तरीका से आपन आध्यात्मिक पूजा-पाठ आ परंपरा के पालन करे ला। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == [[श्रेणी:भारतीय संस्कृति]] [[श्रेणी:झारखंड के संस्कृति]] {{Culture-stub}} {{Reli-stub}} <!-- {{Jharkhand-stub}}--> rqerkfevm43m4kenduytgye4rb93nrc 0 82343 813733 701303 2026-11-06T12:07:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox software | name = WordPress | logo = [[File:WordPress logo.svg|240px]] | screenshot = | caption = | developer = WordPress Foundation | released = {{start date and age|2003|05|27}} | latest release version = <!-- If you update [[Template:Wordpress version]], it will automatically update this page and [[List of content management systems]]--> <!-- {{Wordpress version}}--> | latest release date = {{Wordpress version|releasedate}} <!-- To edit the Stable release and/or Preview release fields you click on the [±] at the end of each field --> | programming language = [[पीएचपी]] (PHP) | operating system = युनिक्स-लाइक, विंडोस, लाइनक्स | genre = ब्लॉग सॉफ्टवेयर, कंटेंट मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम, कंटेंट मैनेजमेंट फ्रेमवर्क | license = [[जीएनयू जनरल पब्लिक लाइसेंस|GPLv2+]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wordpress.org/about/license/ |title=WordPress: About: GPL |publisher=WordPress.org |access-date=June 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721045730/http://wordpress.org/about/license/ |archive-date=July 21, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> | website = {{official URL}} }} '''वर्डप्रेस''' (WordPress) चाहे '''wordpress.org''', एगो मुफ्त आ ओपन सोर्स [[कंटेंट मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम]] बा जे [[पीएचपी]] प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा में लिखल हवे<ref>{{cite web |publisher=WordPress |title=Requirements |url=https://wordpress.org/about/requirements/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120114050/https://wordpress.org/about/requirements/ |archive-date=January 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> आ ई माइएसक्यूएल चाहे मारियाडीबी डेटाबेस सभ के साथे मिल के काम करे ला। एकरा फ़ीचर सभ में प्लगइन आर्किटेक्चर आ वेब टेम्पलेट सिस्टम सामिल बा जे वर्डप्रेस के भीतर थीम के रूप में आवे ला। मूल रूप से ई सिस्टम [[ब्लॉग]] छपावे वाला सिस्टम के रूप में डेवेलप कइल गइल रहे बाकिर बाद में चल के ई कई गो अउरी चीजन के सपोर्ट करे लायक बनावल गइल। अब एह में मेलिंग लिस्ट, इंटरनेट फोरम, मीडिया गैलरी, मेंबरशिप साइट, लर्निंग मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम सभ आ ऑनलाइन स्टोर सामिल भ गइल बाड़ें। ई वर्तमान समय में दुनियाँ के सभसे पापुलर कंटेंट मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम सभ में सामिल बा आ {{as of|2021|10|lc=y}} तक ले के जानकारी के मोताबिक दुनियाँ के टॉप 10 मिलियन (1 अरब) वेबसाइट सभ में से 42.8% एही के इस्तेमाल क रहल बाड़ीं।<ref name="Usage of content management systems for websites">{{cite web |url=https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_management/all/ |title=Usage Statistics and Market Share of Content Management Systems for Websites |date=7 May 2021 |publisher=W3Techs |access-date=7 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=August 1, 2013 |url=http://trends.builtwith.com/cms |title=CMS Usage Statistics |publisher=BuiltWith |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806231531/http://trends.builtwith.com/cms/ |archive-date=August 6, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{कॉमंस श्रेणी|WordPress}} * {{Official website}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:वर्डप्रेस| ]] [[श्रेणी:ब्लॉगिंग सॉफ्टवेयर]] [[श्रेणी:ब्लॉगिंग]] {{internet-stub}} legdv8sdtdvomodp0z15k1oh72mp6xd 0 82358 813848 701342 2026-11-06T12:51:17Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Wix.com Ltd. | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = Wix HQ 3.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = Wix.com headquarters | image_caption = Headquarters in [[Tel Aviv Port]], Israel | type = Public company | traded_as = {{NASDAQ|WIX}} | ISIN = | industry = Internet | founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|2006}} | founders = Avishai Abrahami<br />Nadav Abrahami<br />Giora Kaplan | hq_location_city = Tel Aviv | hq_location_country = Israel | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = Mark Tluszcz <small>(Chairman)</small><br />Avishai Abrahami <small>(CEO)</small> | products = Online services for stores, bookings, hotel, restaurants, video, music, shoutout, answers, logo maker | brands = | services = [[Website builder]], [[Business Management]], [[Web hosting service]] | revenue = | revenue_year = | operating_income = | income_year = | net_income = | net_income_year = | assets = | assets_year = | equity = | equity_year = | owners = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | module = | footnotes = | website = {{URL|www.wix.com/}} }} '''विक्स.कॉम लि.''' (उच्चारण: विक्स डॉट कॉम लिमिटेड; अंग्रेजी: '''Wix.com Ltd.''') एगो [[इजराइल|इजराइली]] [[सॉफ्टवेयर|सॉफ्टवेयर कंपनी]] बा जे [[क्लाउड कंप्यूटिंग|क्लाउड-आधारित]] वेब डेवेलपमेंट के सर्विस उपलब्ध करावे ला। ई अपना यूजर लोग के एचटीएमएल5 वेबसाइट आ मोबाइल साइट बनावे के सुबिधा देला आ एह सुबिधा सभ में सभसे आसानी के बात ई बाटे कि अइसन साइट बनावे खातिर इहाँ ड्रैग-एंड-ड्रॉप (घींची-आ-छोड़ीं) औजार मौजूद बाड़ें। एकरे हेडक्वार्टर आ औरी ऑफिस सभ जे इजराइल में बाड़ें, उनहन के अलावा ब्राजील, कनाडा, जर्मनी, भारत, आयरलैंड, लिथुआनिया, अमेरिका आ युक्रेन में एकर ऑफिस बाड़ें। एह सुबिधा के इस्तेमाल करे वाला यूजर लोग अपना वेबसाइट सभ पर सोशल प्लगिन, ई-कामर्स, ऑनलाइन मार्केटिंग, कांटैक्ट फारम, ई-मेल मार्केटिंग आ कम्युनिटी फोरम नियर चीज जोड़ सकत बा। अइसन सुबिधा सभ खातिर खुद विक्स के डेवलप कइल आ बाहरी थर्ड-पार्टी सभ के डेवलप कइल एप्लीकेशन मौजूद बाड़ीं। विक्स के ई वेबसाइट बिल्डर खुद [[फ्रीमियम बिजनेस मॉडल]] पर बनल बाटे जे आपन कमाई प्रीमियम अपग्रेड सभ के जरिये करे ला; मतलब ई कि कुछ बेसिक सुबिधा फिरी में उपलब्ध करावे ला आ अउरी बेसी सुबिधा चाहे वाला यूजर लोग के प्रीमियम चीज उपलब्ध करा के उनहन लोग से पइसा कमाला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[ऍमज़ॉन वेब सर्विसेज़]] [[श्रेणी:वेब होस्टिंग]] [[श्रेणी:वेब डेवेलपमेंट सॉफ्टवेयर]] [[श्रेणी:फ़्री वेब होस्टिंग सर्विस]] {{internet-stub}} 2ltoa7by49rcxh64zs1nxctylbfwfwm 0 82373 814167 781571 2026-11-06T15:55:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TECHTITLE}} '''सर्च एग्रिगेटर''' ({{Lang|en|search aggregator}}) अइसन [[मेटा सर्च इंजन]] होला जे कई गो [[वेब सर्च इंजन|सर्च इंजन]] आ [[वेबसाइट]] साइट सभ के भीतर खोज कइ के रिजल्ट सभ के एकट्ठा कइ के देखलावे ला। ई अइसन वेबसाइट चाहे [[सॉफ्टवेयर |सॉफ्टवेयर एप]] के रूप में होखे ला जे आमतौर प रेगुलर फीड के रूप में रिजल्ट सभ के देखावे ला जवना से कि सर्फिंग में लागे वाला समय के बचत हो सके। उदाहरण खातिर [[आरएसएस]] अइसने एगो फीड सिस्टम हवे। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[मेटासर्च इंजन]] * [[वेब सर्च इंजन]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट टर्मावली]] {{internet-stub}} 5hpgkrfwemnnqcbiidzdaq3ec5mavjd 0 82860 813842 702938 2026-11-06T12:51:03Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox waterfall | name = Victoria Falls | alt_name = Mosi-oa Tunya<br>Shungu Namutitima | photo = Cataratas_Victoria,_Zambia-Zimbabue,_2018-07-27,_DD_06.jpg | photo_width = 240 | location = [[Livingstone, Zambia]]<br>[[Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe]]<ref name="nationalgeographic.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2019/03/soar-above-one-most-awe-inspiring-waterfalls-earth|title=Soar Above One of the Most Awe-Inspiring Waterfalls on Earth|date=19 March 2019|website=National Geographic|language=en|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> | coords = {{coord|17|55|28|S|25|51|24|E |type:waterbody_scale:60000_region:ZM |display=inline,title}} | map = Africa Zambezi River |relief = yes | map_caption = Location on the Zambezi | watercourse = [[Zambezi River]] | embedded = {{designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls | designation1_date = 1989 <small>(13th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_type = Natural | designation1_criteria = vii, viii | designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/509 509] | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = [[Zambia]] and [[Zimbabwe]] | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] }} | type = Cataract waterfall | height = {{convert|355|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} (at centre) | height_longest = | number_drops = 2 | average_flow = 1088 m³/s (38,430 cu ft/s) | world_rank = }} '''विक्टोरिया झरना''' [[अफिरका|अफिरका महादीप]] के दक्खिनी हिस्सा में [[जेम्बेजी नदी]] पर एगो [[झरना]] बाटे। ई [[झरना#प्रकार|कैटेरेक्ट प्रकार]] के झरना हवे, मने कि बहुत बिसाल झरना हऽ, जेकर चौड़ाई {{convert|1708|m|abbr=on}} बाटे। ई दुनियाँ के कुछ प्रमुख झरना सभ में गिनल जाला। ई झरना [[जिम्बाब्वे]] आ [[जांबिया]] देसन के सीमा पर बा। जेम्बेजी नदी एह झरना के नीचे बढ़े ले आ कैरीबा गॉर्ज में प्रवेश करे ले जहाँ कैरीबा बान्ह बने से दुनिया के सभसे बड़ बनावटी झील [[कैरीबा झील]] बाटे। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[कैरीबा झील]] * [[जेम्बेजी नदी]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{commons|Victoria Falls}} {{wikivoyage|Victoria Falls}} {{Wikisource|The Victoria Falls}} * A useful list of further reading is included on the [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080510070551/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/mosi-oa-.html UNEP-WCMC website's page for Mosi-oa-Tunya.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030927143315/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16309 NASA Earth Observatory page] * [https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=509 Entry on UNESCO World Heritage site] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040513222509/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,218617,00.html TIME magazine article about tourism in the area] {{Great Five Waterfalls}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जिम्बाब्वे]] [[श्रेणी:जांबिया]] {{Africa-geo-stub}} 4y5q9ypm4ag9jqbutb0m5qjvwdh2ire 0 82875 814204 781590 2026-11-06T15:58:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सामाजिक तबका''' चाहे '''सामाजिक वर्ग''' ({{Lang|en|social class}}; ''सोशल क्लास'') [[समाजशास्त्र]] आ [[राजनीतिशास्त्र]] नियर बिसय सभ में, तबका में बँटल समाज (''क्लास सोसाइटी'') के कई तर-ऊपर के स्तर में बँटल होखे के मॉडल पर केंद्रित कांसेप्ट हवे। समाज के अइसन तर-उपरिया बिभाजन लोगन के धन-दउलत, पढ़ाई-लिखाई, पेशा अउरी कामकाज, रहन-सहन आ [[सामाजिक दर्जा]] नियर चीजन के आधार पर मानल जात रहल बा। साधारण तौर पर समाज में [[ऊपरी तबका|ऊपरी]], बिचला आ नीचे के तबका में बँटवारा कइल जाला। परसिद्ध दार्शनिक [[कार्ल मार्क्स]] के कहनाम रहे कि समाज में दूई गो तबका होखे लें - [[पूँजीपति]] आ [[सर्वहारा]]। हालाँकि, हाल के अध्ययन सभ में अउरी कई गो सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक पैमाना सभ के शामिल कइल गइल बा। जइसे कि एगो उदाहरण खातिर, [[ग्रेट ब्रिटेन|ब्रिटेन]] में सामाजिक तबका सभ के चिन्हित करे खातिर [[बीबीसी]] एगो सर्वे कइलस जेकरा ''[[:en:Great British Class Survey|ग्रेट ब्रिटिश क्लास सर्वे]]'' नाँव दिहल गइल रहे आ एह में ई पावल गइल की ब्रिटेन के समाज अब कुल सात गो तबका सभ में बिभाजित हो चुकल बाटे।<ref>{{cite news |title=क्या गलत साबित हो गए कार्ल मार्क्स? |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/international/2013/04/130403_uk_class_division_vd |access-date=8 जनवरी 2022 |work=BBC News हिंदी |date=3 अप्रैल 2013 |language=hi}}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[सामाजिक दर्जा]] (इस्टेटस) == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:समाजशास्त्र]] {{society-stub}} qr6rxb0vpx2nu705alpryvtwabxoyjr 0 83372 813915 745122 2026-11-06T12:56:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = वैनगंगा नदी | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Old_Bridge_on_Wainganga_River_in_Bhandara_City-_2014-06-18_13-50.jpeg | image_size = | image_caption = भंडारा ले लगे वैनगंगा नदी | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Drainage area | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = देस | subdivision_name1 = [[भारत]] | subdivision_type2 = राज्य | subdivision_name2 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = शहर | subdivision_name5 = [[सिवनी]], [[बालाघाट]], [[भंडार]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|569|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = सिवनी जिला, [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|21|57|N|79|34|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1048|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[प्राणहिता नदी]] | mouth_location = आदिलाबाद जिला, गढ़चिरौली जिला (दुनों के बॉडर) | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|19|35|24|N|79|47|59|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|146|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|43658|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Thanwar River, Nahara River, Sonbiri River, Bagh River, Chulband River, Gadhavi River, Triveni River, Kathani River | tributaries_right = Hirri River, Sarrati River, Chandan River, Bawanthari River, [[सुर नदी]], [[कन्हान नदी]], [[अंधारी नदी]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''वैनगंगा नदी''' भारतीय राज्य [[मध्य प्रदेश]] आ [[महाराष्ट्र]] में बहे वाली, [[गोदावरी नदी|गोदावरी थाला]] के एगो प्रमुख नदी हवे। वैनगंगा नदी के सुरुआत मध्य प्रदेश के [[सिवनी जिला]] में [[महादेव पहाड़ी]] से होखे ला आ मध्य प्रदेश आ महाराष्ट्र में लगभग {{convert|579|km|mi|abbr=on}} बहे के बाद महाराष्ट्र आ तेलंगाना के सीमा पर [[वर्धा नदी]] के साथे संगम के बाद ई दुनों मिल के [[प्राणहिता नदी]] के नाँव से जानल जालीं आ तेलंगाना के कालेश्वरम में [[गोदावरी नदी]] में मिले लीं। वैनगंगा के सभसे प्रमुख सहायिका नदी [[कन्हान नदी]] हवे। एह नदी के थाला में कई गो छोट-बड़ बंधा बनावल गइल बाड़ें। वैनगंगा के नाँव परसिद्ध साहत्यिक रचना जंगल बुक में आवे ला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[वर्धा नदी]] * [[प्राणहिता नदी]] * [[गोदावरी नदी]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के नदी]] {{river-stub}} b0nnolsgqgoidvnex24k2cudy9xj9eq 0 83461 814381 781623 2026-11-07T07:15:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:IBM Blue Gene P supercomputer.jpg|240px|thumb|आइबीएम के ब्लू जीन/पी सुपरकंप्यूटर]] '''सुपरकंप्यूटर''' ({{Lang|en|supercomputer}}) अइसन [[कंप्यूटर]] होखे लें जे आम-इस्तेमाल-कंप्यूटर सब के तुलना में बहुत हाई लेवल के परफारमेंस देवे लें। सुपरकंप्यूटर कुल के परफारमेंस आमतौर पर फ्लोटिंग-प्वाइंट ऑपरेशन पर सेकेंड (फ्लॉप्स-FLOPS) में नापल जाला। 2017 के बाद से अइसन सुपरकंप्यूटर बन चुकल बाड़ें जे 10¹⁷ फ्लॉप्स (सौ क्वाड्रिलियन फ्लॉप्स, 100 पेटाफ्लॉप्स, चाहे 100 PFLOPS) के गति से काम क सकत बाड़ें। एगो तुलना करे खातिर देखल जाय तब साधारन [[डेस्कटॉप कंप्यूटर]] सभ के परफार्मेंस के रेंज कुछ सौ गीगाफ्लॉप्स से ले के कुछ दहाई टेराफ्लॉप्स ले होखे ले। नवंबर 2017 के बाद से दुनिया के सगरी सभसे तेज 500 सुपरकंप्यूटर सभ [[लिनक्स]] आधारित ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम पर काम क रहल बाड़ें। [[अमेरिका]], [[यूरोपियन युनियन]], [[ताइवान]], [[जापान]] आ [[चीन]] में अउरी अधिका रिसर्च एह बात खातिर चालू बाटे कि अउरी बेसी ताकत वाला आ टेक्नालजी के हिसाब से पहिले से कहीं बेहतर एक्सास्केल सुपरकंप्यूटर बनावल जा सकें। सुपरकंप्यूटर सब कंप्युटेशनल साइंस सब में बहुत महत्व के काम करे लें आ अइसन बहुत सारा फील्ड सभ में इनहन के इस्तेमाल बाटे जहाँ बहुत भारी गणना के जरूरत होखे ला। अइसन कुछ फील्ड सब के उदाहरण बाड़ें: क्वांटम मैकेनिक्स, मौसम भबिस्यबाणी, जलवायु रिसर्च, तेल आ गैस के खोज, मॉलिक्यूलर मॉडलिंग, फिजिकल सिमुलेशन वगैरह। इनहन के कोड तूरे वाला अध्ययन क्रिप्टैनालिसिस में बहुत जरूरत के इस्तेमाल होखे ला। सुपरकंप्यूटर सभ के निर्माण के सुरुआत 1960 के दशक में भइल आ बाद के कई दशक ले अइसन सुपरकंप्यूटर ''क्रे रिसर्च'' के ''कंट्रोल डेटा कॉर्पोरेशन'' (सीडीसी) में ''सीमूर क्रे'' द्वारा बनावल जायँ। बाद के दशक में पैरेलल कंप्यूटिंग के बढ़त मिलल जेकरे बाद एक से ले के चार गो ले प्रॉसेसर के इस्तेमाल आम भ गइल। 1970 के दशक में वेक्टर प्रोसेसर के जमाना आइल आ 1976 में बनल क्रे-1 सुपरकंप्यूटर एकर उदाहरण रहल। वेक्टर कंप्यूटर के दबदबा 1990 के दसक ले रहल आ एकरे बाद मैसिव पैरेलल सुपरकंप्यूटर सभ के चलन एक तरह के रिवाजे बन गइल जे कई हजार ऑन-शेल्फ (अलमारी के रैक पर रखल) प्रोसेसर सभ के साथे काम करे लें। [[अमेरिका]] लमहर समय ले सुपरकंप्यूटर के क्षेत्र में अगुवा देस रहल, पहिले क्रे के लगभग अकेल्ले दबदबा रहे आ बाद में अउरी टेक्नालजी कंपनी सभ आ गइलिन। 1980 आ 90 के दशक में [[जापान]] एह क्षेत्र में तेजी से आगे बढ़ल आ [[चीन]] एह क्षेत्र में बहुत सक्रिय भइल। जून 2020 के जानकारी तक ले, [[टॉप500]] लिस्ट में सभसे ऊपर जापान के [[फुगाकु सुपरकंप्यूटर]] बाटे जेकर लिनपैक बेंचमार्क स्कोर 415 PFLOPS बाटे आ एकरे बाद [[समिट सुपरकंप्यूटर|समिट]] के नंबर बा जे 266.7 PFLOPS वाला बा। टॉप दस गो सुपरकंप्यूटर में से चार गो अमेरिका के, चीन आ [[इटली]] के दू-दू गो आ [[स्विट्जरलैंड]] के एक ठो सुपरकंप्यूटर सामिल बा। जून 2018 में [[टॉप500]] लिस्ट के सुपरकंप्यूटर सभ के एकट्ठा परफार्मेंस क्षमता 1 एक्साफ्लॉप्स के निशान पार क गइल। जून 2021 तक के जानकारी के मोताबिक टॉप500 लिस्ट में भारत के तीन गो सुपरकंप्यूटर, [[परम सिद्धि-एआइ]], [[प्रत्युष आ मिहिर|प्रत्युष]], आ [[प्रत्युष आ मिहिर|मिहिर]] (क्रम से: 89वाँ, 107वाँ आ 187वाँ रैंक पर) बाड़ें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:सुपरकंप्यूटर| ]] [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटिंग]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी आबिस्कार]] {{computer-stub}} 6pubchptvc2h7c499rdvpc25fxyqph4 0 83535 814335 781635 2026-11-07T05:36:20Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| official_name = Sicily | image_map = Sicily in Italy.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = | seat_type = राजधानी | seat = [[पालेर्मो]] | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 25711 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2019gen/index.html|title=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT|publisher=Demo.istat.it|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724140744/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2019gen/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> (8.3% of Italy) | population_total = 4969147 | population_as_of = 2019 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | website = [http://pti.regione.sicilia.it/ PTI.Regione.Sicilia.it] | footnotes = }}'''सिसिली''' ({{Lang|en|Sicily}}) चाहे '''सिसली''', [[भूमध्य सागर]] में सभसे बड़हन [[दीप]] हवे आ [[इटली]] के 20 गो क्षेत्र (प्रांत) सभ में से एगो क्षेत्र हवे। ई इटली के पाँच गो खुद शासित इलाका (ऑटोनॉमस रीजन) सभ में आवे ला आ एकर राजधानी [[पालेर्मो]] शहर हवे। पूरा टापू के कुल आबादी लगभग 50 लाख (5 मिलियन) बाटे। त्रिभुज के आकृति के ई दीप इटली के मुख्य जमीनी एरिया से दक्खिन ओर पड़े ला जेकरा से [[मेसिना जलजोड़]] एकरा के अलगा करे ला। ई एक तरह से भूमध्य सागर के बीचोबीच वाला हिस्सा में हवे। एकरे दक्खिन-पच्छिम में सभसे नगीचे के जमीनी हिस्सा [[ट्यूनीशिया]] के बा आ इनहन के बीचा में के जलजोड़ के [[सिसिली जलजोड़]] कहल जाला। सिसिली के उत्तर में [[टाइरेनियन सागर]] बा जेह में कई गो दीप आ [[ज्वालामुखी]] बाड़ें; [[स्ट्राम्बोली]] इनहने में से हवे। सिसिली के सभसे प्रमुख रूप से जानल जाये वाला भूगोलीय चीज [[माउंट एटना]] हवे जे यूरोप के सभसे ऊँच सक्रिय ज्वालामुखी हवे आ दुनियाँ के कुछ सबसे बेसी सक्रिय ज्वालामुखी सब में सामिल बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:इटली के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:भूमध्य सागर]] {{Europe-geo-stub}} 80sjy9ta5h7sck3j7dfoz787q4lwlph 0 83821 813940 781655 2026-11-06T12:58:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = Wladimir Köppen | image = Wladimir Peter Köppen.jpg | image_size = | caption = 1921 में कोपेन | birth_date = 25 September 1846 | birth_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1940|6|22|1846|9|25|df=y}} | death_place = [[Graz]], [[Ostmark (Austria)|Ostmark]], [[Nazi Germany]] (now in [[Austria]])<ref name="Hitler's Austria">{{cite book |author=Evan Burr Bukey |title=Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938–1945 |year=2002 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-0-8078-5363-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/hitlersaustriapo0000buke_n8x4 }}</ref> | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = Russian/German | field = Geography, meteorology, climatology, botany | work_institutions = [[University of Heidelberg]] <br> [[University of Leipzig]] | alma_mater = [[Saint Petersburg State University|University of Saint Petersburg]] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = [[कोपेन के जलवायु वर्गीकरण]] | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }} '''व्लादीमिर कोपेन''' ({{Lang|en|Wladimir Köppen}}; 25 सितंबर 1846 — 22 जून 1940) एगो रशियन-जर्मन भूगोलवेत्ता, मौसमबिग्यानी, जलवायु बिग्यानी आ बनस्पति बिग्यानी रहलें। सेंट पीटर्सबर्ग में पढ़ाई के बाद उनके अधिकतर जिनगी आ कैरियर जर्मनी आ ऑस्ट्रिया में बीतल। इनके सभसे परसिद्ध आ महत्व के काम जलवायु के प्रकार के बर्गीकरण सिस्टम डेवलप कइल रहल जेकरा के अब कोपेन के जलवायु वर्गीकरण के रूप में जानल जाला; कुछ सुधार आ बदलाव के बाद ई आजो सभसे कॉमन इस्तेमाल वाला जलवायु बर्गीकरण हवे आ ब्यापक रूप से इस्तेमाल हो रहल बा।<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wladimir-Peter-Koppen?anchor=ref137193|title=Wladimir Koppen: German climatologist|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|access-date=12 मई 2017}}</ref> एकरे अलावा कोपेन कई गो योगदान अउरी क्षेत्र में कइलें, एरोलॉजी (Aerology) शब्द दिहलें, ऊपरी वायुमंडल / हवा के अध्ययन के बिज्ञान खातिर।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://meteohistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5-Wille.pdf|title=Wladimir Koppen's 'Aerology'|access-date=25 सितंबर 2020|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118081305/http://meteohistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5-Wille.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[कोपेन के जलवायु वर्गीकरण]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == अउरी स्रोत == * Allaby, Michael (2000). ''Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate''. New York: Facts On File, Inc. {{ISBN|0-8160-4071-0}}. * Wille, Robert-Jan Wille (2017): [http://meteohistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5-Wille.pdf Colonizing the Free Atmosphere: Wladimir Köppen’s ‘Aerology’, the German Maritime Observatory, and the Emergence of a Trans-Imperial Network of Weather Balloons and Kites, 1873-1906] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118081305/http://meteohistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5-Wille.pdf |date=2021-01-18 }}, History of Meteorology 8 (2017). == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{PM20|FID=pe/010027}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जर्मनी के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:जर्मन बैज्ञानिक]] {{scientist-stub}} 1mkqpr2azf5oj0t43660dj2ycri7kps 0 83833 814242 709891 2026-11-06T16:05:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = Sydney Opera House | status = completed | image = Sydney Australia. (21339175489).jpg | image_alt = | caption = View from the west | map_type = Australia Sydney central#New South Wales#Australia | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in [[Sydney]]##Location in [[New South Wales]]##Location in Australia | relief = 1 | altitude = {{convert|4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | building_type = परफार्मिंग आर्ट सेंटर | architectural_style = एक्सप्रेशनिस्ट | structural_system = कंक्रीट फ्रेम & प्रीकास्ट कंक्रीट रिब्ड छत | cost = | client = न्यू साउथ वेल्स सरकार | owner = न्यू साउथ वेल्स सरकार | current_tenants = | location = Bennelong Point, [[सिडनी]] | location_country = ऑस्ट्रेलिया | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|31|S|151|12|51|E|region:AU-NSW|display=inline,title}} | groundbreaking_date = | start_date = | completion_date = | opened_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1973|10|20}} | inauguration_date = | renovation_date = | height = {{convert|65|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | other_dimensions = {{unbulleted list | length {{convert|183|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | width {{convert|120|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | area {{convert|1.8|ha|acre|1|abbr=on}} }} | seating_capacity = {{Unbulleted list|Concert Hall 2,679|Joan Sutherland Theatre 1,507|Drama Theatre 544|Playhouse 398|The Studio 400|Utzon Room 210|'''Total 5,738'''}} | main_contractor = | architect = Jørn Utzon | structural_engineer = Ove Arup & Partners | awards = | website = {{URL|sydneyoperahouse.com}} | embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2007 (31st session)|2007]] <small>(31st [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = i | designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166 166rev] | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = Australia | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania|Oceania]] }} | references = Coordinates<ref>Topographic maps 1:100000 9130 Sydney and 1:25000 91303N Parramatta River</ref> }} '''सिडनी ओपेरा हाउस''' [[आस्ट्रेलिया|ऑस्ट्रेलिया]] के [[सिडनी]] शहर में समुंद्र के तीरे पर एगो कई-वेन्यू वाला पर्दर्शन कला केंद्र हवे। ई सिडनी बंदरगाह के तीरे बाटे आ एकर भवन दुनियाँ के कुछ सभसे मशहूर भवन सभ में गिनल जाला; अपने किसिम के अनोखा बिल्डिंग जेकरा के 20वीं सदी के आर्किटेक्चर के मास्टरपीस मानल जाला। डैनिश आर्किटेक्ट जोर्न उट्जोन के डिजाइन हवे आ ई ऑस्ट्रेलियाई आर्किटेक्ट लोगन के टीम द्वारा पूरा कइल गइल जेकर मुखिया पीटर हाल रहलें। ई बिल्डिंग 20 अक्टूबर 1973 के पब्लिक खाती खोलल गइल। एह बिल्डिंग में कई गो वेन्यू बाड़ें जहाँ बिबिध किसिम के शो के आयोजन होखे ला। सगरी वेन्यू सभ के मिला के, हेइजे सालाना करीबन 1500 परफार्मेंस होखे लीं आ लगभग 12 लाख लोग दर्शक बने ला। परफार्मेंस दुनिया भर के बिबिध कलाकारन द्वारा कइल जालीं; हालाँकि, तीन गो रेजिडेंट स्थाई कंपनी भी बाड़ी जे इनहन के आयोजन करें लीं — ऑपेरा ऑस्ट्रेलिया, सिडनी थियेटर कंपनी आ सिडनी सिम्फनी ऑर्केस्ट्रा। एकरे भीतर होखे वाला परफार्मेंस के अलावा ई बिल्डिंगवे खुद एगो बहुत महत्व के पर्यटन आकर्षण हवे आ सालाना लगभग 80 लाख लोग एकरा के देखे आवे ला आ साढ़े तीन लाख लोग बाकायदा गाइड लोग के साथे एकर भ्रमण करे ला। 28 जून 2007 के एकरा के [[यूनेस्को]] द्वारा [[बिस्व धरोहर स्थल|बिस्व धरोहर]] में सामिल क लिहल गइल। ऑपेरा हाउस दुनियाँ के नवका सात आश्चर्य सभ के कैंपेन लिस्ट में भी शामिल रहल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:ऑस्ट्रेलिया के भूगोल]] {{struct-stub}} a3phcd8enigkpcxfer603uut64sct0v 0 83844 813841 781657 2026-11-06T12:51:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Victor Hugo | image = Victor Hugo by Étienne Carjat 1876 - full.jpg | image_size = | caption = Hugo by [[Étienne Carjat]], 1876 | birth_name = Victor-Marie Hugo | genre = Novel, poetry, theatre | movement = [[Romanticism]] | notableworks = {{Unbulleted list | ''[[Les Misérables]]'' | ''[[Ruy Blas]]'' | {{nowrap|''[[The Hunchback of Notre-Dame]]''}} }} | years_active = 1829–1883 | module = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1802|2|26}} | birth_place = [[Besançon]], [[French First Republic|France]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1885|5|22|1802|2|26}} | death_place = [[Paris]], [[French Third Republic|France]] | resting_place = [[Panthéon, Paris]] and [[Coupvray]] | occupation = Poet, novelist, [[Playwright|dramatist]], essayist, politician | spouse = {{marriage|[[Adèle Foucher]]<br/>|1822|1868|end=d.}} | children = 5 }} '''विक्टर-मारी ह्यूगो''' ({{Lang|en|Victor-Marie Hugo}}; 26 फरवरी 1802 — 22 मई 1885) [[फ्रांस|फ्रांसीसी]] कवी, उपन्यासकार, नाटककार रहलें। ह्यूगो रोमांटिक आंदोलन के दौर के लेखक रहलें आ अपना साठ साल से बेसी के रचनाकाल में बिबिध बिधा सभ में रचना कइलें। गीत, व्यंग, महाकाब्य, दार्शनिक कबितई, उपन्यास, आलोचनात्मक निबंध, राजनीतिक भाषण, इतिहास, डायरी, निजी आ पब्लिक चिट्ठी-पतरी, आ कबिता आ गद्य दुनों में नाटक नियर बिधा में इनके रचना भइल। ह्यूगो के सभसे महान आ जानल-मानल फ्रेंच लेखक लोगन में गिनल जाला। फ्रांस से बहरें, इनके सभसे परसिद्ध रचना सभ में इनके उपन्यास ''लेस मिजेरेबल्स'' (1862) आ ''द हंचबैक ऑफ़ नोट्रे-डेम'' (1831) हवें। फ्रांस में इनका के इनकर कबिता के संग्रह खातिर बेसी जानल-मानल जाला जेह में ''लेस कांटेम्प्लेशंस'' आ ''ला लिजेंदे देस सियेक्ल्स'' परसिद्ध बाड़ीं। ह्यूगो रोमांटिक आंदोलन के अगुआ लोगन में रहलें आ एह में उनके लिखल एकांकी ''क्रोमवेल'' आ नाटक ''हर्नानी'' प्रमुख बाड़ें। इनके कई गो रचना सब, इनके जिनगिये में आ इनके बादो, संगीत के प्रेरणा बनलीं। ह्यूगो 4,000 से बेसी ड्राइंग अपना जीवन में बनवलें जे एक तरह से इनके हॉबी रहल। कई किसिम के सामाजिक आंदोलन सभ में हिस्सा लिहलें, जइसे की मौत के सजा के बिरोध में। हालाँकि, शुरुआत में ई रॉयलिस्ट (बिसेस राजशाही के समर्थक) रहलें बाकी बाद के दशक में इनके बिचार में बदलाव आइल आ ई रिपब्लिकनवाद के उत्साही समर्थक बनलें। इनके रचना सभ के परभाव ओ जमाना के अधिकतर राजनीतिक सामाजिक मुद्दा सभ पर पड़ल आ कला के क्षेत्र में ओह समय के चलनसार ट्रेंड सभ के इनकर रचना परभावित कइलीं। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Victor Hugo}} * [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255 France of Victor Hugo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329135841/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/ |date=2017-03-29 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080408091638/http://www.victorhugo.gg/ Guernsey's official Victor Hugo website] * {{Gutenberg author | id=Hugo,+Victor }} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:फ्रांस के लोग]] {{Writer-stub}} 9zw9fdpoc4mdv5d7xjfhz2qexwom0sq 0 83889 814202 781659 2026-11-06T15:58:11Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Science |expanded=social}} '''सामाजिक बिज्ञान''' ('''''सोशल साइंस''''') ({{Lang|en|Social science}}), [[बिज्ञान]] के अइसन शाखा हवे जे [[समाज]] सभ के अध्ययन आ समाज के ब्यक्ति लोगन के आपसी संबंधन के अध्ययन करे ला। ई शब्द पहिले [[समाजशास्त्र]] (''सोशियोलॉजी'') खातिर इस्तेमाल होखे जे मूल रूप से "समाज के बिज्ञान" भा "समाज के शास्त्र" रहल आ जेकर अस्थापना 19वीं सदी के दौरान भइल। समाजशास्त्र के अलावे, अब सामाजिक बिज्ञान सभ में कई गो अउरी बिज्ञानन के जोड़ लिहल गइल बा जइसे की [[एंथ्रोपोलॉजी]], [[आर्कियोलॉजी]], [[अर्थशास्त्र]], [[मानव भूगोल]], [[भाषा बिज्ञान]], [[मैनेजमेंट बिज्ञान]], [[राजनीति बिज्ञान]], [[मनोबिज्ञान]] आ [[इतिहास]]। पॉजीटिविस्ट बिद्वान आ अध्ययनकर्ता लोग सामाजिको बिग्यनवा में [[प्राकृतिक बिज्ञान|प्राकृतिक बिज्ञानन]] नियन अध्ययन के बिधि सभ के इस्तेमाल करे ला आ इहे कारन हवे की ई लोग बिज्ञान शब्द के आधुनिक आ अधिका कड़ाई से परिभाषित करे ला। इंटरप्रेटिव एनालिसिस करे वाला लोग सामाजिक समालोचना चाहे सिंबालिक इंटरप्रेटेशन के इस्तेमाल क सके ला बजाय की ऊ लोग कौनों एम्पिरिक्ल तरीका से टेस्ट कइल जा सके लायक हाइपोथीसिस चाहे थियरी के निर्माण करे। अइसन लोग क्वालिटेटिव मेथडोलॉजी सभ के इस्तेमाल क सके ला चाहे क्वांटिटेटिव आ क्वालिटेटिव दुनों किसिम के मेथड सभ के मिला के इस्तेमाल क सके ला। ऊपर गिनावल बिसय सभ के अलावा "सोशल रिसर्च" अपने आप में एक किसिम के आजाद शाखा के रूप ले रहल बा, हालाँकि, एहू के लक्ष्य अइसने सेम बाटे। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक बिज्ञान| ]] [[श्रेणी:बिज्ञान|*]] {{Science-stub}} hlc3znylmacqvk0r1cas8mzuy1t2lsl 0 83901 813984 781661 2026-11-06T13:01:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|शिक्षाशास्त्र}} '''शिक्षा बिज्ञान''' ({{Lang|en|education sciences}}) चाहे '''शिक्षा सिद्धांत''' (education theory), जेकरा अक्सरहा [[शिक्षाशास्त्र]] (पेडोगोजी) कहल जाला), आ बहुवचन में '''शिक्षा बिज्ञान सभ''', [[शिक्षा]] के नीति आ शिक्षा के प्रैक्टिस के बिबरन, बरनन करे, उनहन के समझ बढ़ावे आ शिक्षा के उचित नीति आ तरीका के सलाह देवे वाला [[बिज्ञान]] हवें। एह बिज्ञान सभ में कई गो शाखा आ बिसय आवे लें, जइसे की शिक्षा शास्त्र (भा पेडागोजी), एंड्रागोजी, कैरिकुलम, [[सीखल]], [[शिक्षा नीति]], शिक्षा संरचना, शिक्षा बेवस्था वगैरह। शिक्षा संबंधी चिंतन आ बिचार सभ में कई अउरी ज्ञान के शाखा सभ से मदद लिहल जाला जिनहन में [[इतिहास]], [[दर्शनशास्त्र]], [[समाजशास्त्र]] आ [[मनोबिज्ञान]] शामिल बाड़ें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:शिक्षा| ]] {{Education-stub}} 9p250isqj8xjvuaqoc4gojwo1bv76i4 0 83965 813917 805492 2026-11-06T12:56:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TECHTITLE}} '''वेब होस्टिंग सर्विस''' ({{Lang|en|web hosting service}}) चाहे '''वेबसाइट होस्टिंग''' एक किसिम के [[इंटरनेट होस्टिंग सर्विस]] हवे जे क्लायंट लोगन के उनहन लोगन के [[वेबसाइट]] होस्ट करे के सेवा देवे ले; मने कि, क्लायंट लोग, चाहे ब्यक्ति होखे भा संस्था, आपन वेबसाइट के एह होस्टिंग सर्विस वाला [[सर्वर]] सभ के जरिये [[वल्ड वाइड वेब]] पर पहुँचा सके ला आ। अइसन कंपनी सभ जे वेब होस्टिंग के सुबिधा भा सेवा उपलब्ध करावे लीं उनहना के ''वेब होस्ट कंपनी'' चाहे बस ''वेब होस्ट'' कहल जाला। आसान भाषा में, वेब होस्टिंग सर्विस अइसन सर्वर उपलब्ध करावे लें जहाँ केहू आपन वेबसाइट के रख सके ला आ बाकी लोग ओह वेबसाइट तक वल्ड वाइड वेब के जरिये पहुँच सके ला। जब केहू होस्टिंग सर्विस खरीदे ला तब ऊ सर्वर पर स्पेस खरीदे ला जहाँ ओकरे वेबसाइट के डेटा रखल जाला आ एह डेटा तक बाकी दुनिया के पहुँच सुनिश्चित होखे ला। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[इंटरनेट होस्टिंग सर्विस]] * [[वेबसाइट]] * [[वल्ड वाइड वेब]] == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://in.pcmag.com/web-site-hosting-services/37595/the-best-web-hosting-services-for-2020 The Best Web Hosting Services for 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222071148/https://in.pcmag.com/web-site-hosting-services/37595/the-best-web-hosting-services-for-2020 |date=2022-02-22 }}, PCMag India पर। * [https://www.newindianexpress.com/expressdeals/software-apps/-0001/nov/30/10-best-web-hosting-providers-in-india-2020/29.html 10 Best Web Hosting Providers in India (February 2022)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222071146/https://www.newindianexpress.com/expressdeals/software-apps/-0001/nov/30/10-best-web-hosting-providers-in-india-2020/29.html |date=2022-02-22 }}, newindianexpress.com पर। * [https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/best-web-hosting/ Best web hosting for 2022], cnet.com पर। [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] [[श्रेणी:वेब होस्टिंग| ]] [[श्रेणी:वेबसाइट मैनेजमेंट]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट टर्मावली|वेब होस्टिंग]] {{internet-stub}} 9dery9zq0wrypnx89a5gm1q5ynul7uf 0 84161 814436 781689 2026-11-07T07:48:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Crimea-sevastopol-orthographic-projection2.svg|thumb|सेवस्टोपोल]] '''सेवस्टोपोल''' चाहे '''सेवास्तोपोल''' ({{Lang|en|Sevastopol}}) पूरबी यूरोप में [[क्रीमिया|क्राइमिया प्रायदीप]] पर एगो शहर बा आ काला सागर में एगो प्रमुख बंदरगाह बा। [[क्रीमिया]] वर्तमान में [[रूस]] द्वारा प्रशासित क्षेत्र हवे जेकरा के इंटरनेशनल रूप से [[यूक्रेन]] देस के हिस्सा मानल जाला; ई एगो बिबाधित क्षेत्र हवे आ सेवास्तोपोल एकर राजधानी आ सभसे प्रमुख शहर हवे। ई शहर एह प्रायदीप के सभसे दक्खिनी माथ पर पच्छिमी तीरे पर बाटे। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:यूक्रेन]] [[श्रेणी:रूस]] [[श्रेणी:यूरोप के शहर]] {{Europe-geo-stub}} j18uf6uhc4m3hv1kdxpj3wusk98vyt5 0 84179 814279 711362 2026-11-06T20:03:47Z SM7 3953 नया लेख 814279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''लॉस एंजेलिस''' (जेकरा अक्सर '''LA''' भा '''L.A.''' के संछेप नाँव से जानल जाला) [[अमेरिका]] के [[कैलिफोर्निया|कैलिफोर्निया राज्य]] के सबसे ढेर आबादी वाला शहर ह। ई दक्खिन कैलिफोर्निया के कॉमर्शियल, फ़ाइनान्शियल आ सांस्कृतिक केंद्र ह। 2025 के एस्टीमेट के अनुसार, शहर के सीमा के भीतर लगभग 38.7 लाख लोग रहत बाड़ें। आबादी के हिसाब से ई अमेरिका के दुसरा सबसे बड़ शहर ह, [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] के बाद, आ पच्छिमी अमेरिका के सबसे बड़ शहर ह। एह शहर के आबादी जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक रूप से विविधता वाला बा। ई 2024 में 1.29 करोड़ लोग के आबादी वाला महानगरीय क्षेत्र के प्रमुख शहर ह। ग्रेटर लॉस एंजिल्स, एगो संयुक्त सांख्यिकीय क्षेत्र ह, जेह में लॉस एंजेलिस आ रिवरसाइड-सैन बर्नार्डिनो महानगरीय क्षेत्र शामिल बाड़ें। ई 1.8 करोड़ से अधिक लोग के आबादी वाला एगो बिसाल महानगर ह। jk0hnnwq04eh0kid56wimncvhorpc6t 814282 814279 2026-11-06T20:13:27Z SM7 3953 ज्ञानसंदूक जोड़ल गइल 814282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = City | name = Los Angeles | native_name = {{small|{{native name|es|Los Ángeles}}}} | image = Los Angeles with Mount Baldy.jpg | caption = Skyline of downtown Los Angeles | mapframe = yes | mapframe-point = none | pushpin_map = California#USA | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label = Los Angeles | coordinates = {{coord|34|03|N|118|15|W|region:US-CA_type:city(3800000)|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = अमेरिका<!-- Do not add a flag, see MOS:INFOBOXFLAG --> | subdivision_type1 = [[अमेरिका के राज्य|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कैलिफोर्निया]]<!-- Do not add a flag, see MOS:INFOBOXFLAG --> | established_date = September 4, 1781<ref name="CaliforniaCounty1899">{{cite book|last=Barrows|first=H.D.|title=Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMg1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151|access-date=September 28, 2011|year=1899|page=151ff|chapter=Felepe de Neve|volume=4|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163845/https://books.google.com/books?id=JMg1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> | established_title1 = City status | established_date1 = May 23, 1835<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/this-1835-decree-made-the-pueblo-of-los-angeles-a-ciudad-and-californias-capital| title = This 1835 Decree Made the Pueblo of Los Angeles a Ciudad – And California's Capital| publisher = [[KCET]]| access-date = January 27, 2018| date = April 2016| archive-date = January 28, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180128074945/https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/this-1835-decree-made-the-pueblo-of-los-angeles-a-ciudad-and-californias-capital| url-status = live}}</ref> | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = April 4, 1850<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130221091414/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 21, 2013 | title = California Cities by Incorporation Date | format = DOC | publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s | access-date = August 25, 2014}}</ref> | named_for = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web | title = 2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files | url = https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = September 7, 2021 | archive-date = September 7, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210907202441/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt | url-status = live}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 498.3 | area_total_km2 = 1290.6 | area_land_sq_mi = 469.1 | area_land_km2 = 1214.9 | area_water_sq_mi = 29.2 | area_water_km2 = 75.7 | elevation_m = 71 | elevation_ft = 233 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_point = [[Pacific Ocean]] | elevation_max_m = 1547 | elevation_max_ft = 5075 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Lukens]] | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_min_footnotes = | population_total = 3898747 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Los Angeles, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Los%20Angeles%20city,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913041801/https://data.census.gov/all?q=Los%20Angeles%20city,%20California |url-status=live }}</ref> | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web | title = QuickFacts: Los Angeles city, California | url = https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/dashboard/losangelescitycalifornia/LFE041219 | access-date = September 13, 2024 | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | archive-date = November 26, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241126194742/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/dashboard/losangelescitycalifornia/LFE041219 | url-status = live }}</ref> | population_est = 3,869,089 {{loss}} | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 3rd in North America<br />2nd in the United States<br />1st in California | population_density_sq_mi = 8,205 | population_density_km2 = 3,168 | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web | url = https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html | title = List of 2020 Census Urban Areas | website = census.gov | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = January 8, 2023 | archive-date = January 14, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html | url-status = live}}</ref> | population_urban = 12,237,376 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|2nd]]) | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=MSA and CSA GDP |url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/?ReqID=70&step=1#eyJhcHBpZCI6NzAsInN0ZXBzIjpbMSwyOSwyNSwzMSwyNiwyNywzMF0sImRhdGEiOltbIlRhYmxlSWQiLCI1MzMiXSxbIk1ham9yX0FyZWEiLCI0Il0sWyJTdGF0ZSIsWyIwNjAwMCJdXSxbIkFyZWEiLFsiMDYwMzciLCIwNjA1OSIsIjA2MDY1IiwiMDYwNzEiLCIwNjExMSJdXSxbIlN0YXRpc3RpYyIsWyIzIl1dLFsiVW5pdF9vZl9tZWFzdXJlIiwiTGV2ZWxzIl0sWyJZZWFyIixbIjIwMjQiXV0sWyJZZWFyQmVnaW4iLCItMSJdLFsiWWVhcl9FbmQiLCItMSJdXX0= |website=apps.bea.gov}}</ref> | time_zone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] | utc_offset = −08:00 | time_zone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −07:00 }} '''लॉस एंजेलिस''' (जेकरा अक्सर '''LA''' भा '''L.A.''' के संछेप नाँव से जानल जाला) [[अमेरिका]] के [[कैलिफोर्निया|कैलिफोर्निया राज्य]] के सबसे ढेर आबादी वाला शहर ह। ई दक्खिन कैलिफोर्निया के कॉमर्शियल, फ़ाइनान्शियल आ सांस्कृतिक केंद्र ह। 2025 के एस्टीमेट के अनुसार, शहर के सीमा के भीतर लगभग 38.7 लाख लोग रहत बाड़ें। आबादी के हिसाब से ई अमेरिका के दुसरा सबसे बड़ शहर ह, [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] के बाद, आ पच्छिमी अमेरिका के सबसे बड़ शहर ह। एह शहर के आबादी जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक रूप से विविधता वाला बा। ई 2024 में 1.29 करोड़ लोग के आबादी वाला महानगरीय क्षेत्र के प्रमुख शहर ह। ग्रेटर लॉस एंजिल्स, एगो संयुक्त सांख्यिकीय क्षेत्र ह, जेह में लॉस एंजेलिस आ रिवरसाइड-सैन बर्नार्डिनो महानगरीय क्षेत्र शामिल बाड़ें। ई 1.8 करोड़ से अधिक लोग के आबादी वाला एगो बिसाल महानगर ह। r63kqx8cio8mrf8mn319knyk2uwjr5r 814283 814282 2026-11-06T20:14:10Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = City | name = Los Angeles | native_name = {{small|{{native name|es|Los Ángeles}}}} | image = Los Angeles with Mount Baldy.jpg | caption = Skyline of downtown Los Angeles | mapframe = yes | mapframe-point = none | pushpin_map = California#USA | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label = Los Angeles | coordinates = {{coord|34|03|N|118|15|W|region:US-CA_type:city(3800000)|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = अमेरिका<!-- Do not add a flag, see MOS:INFOBOXFLAG --> | subdivision_type1 = [[अमेरिका के राज्य|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कैलिफोर्निया]]<!-- Do not add a flag, see MOS:INFOBOXFLAG --> | established_date = September 4, 1781<ref name="CaliforniaCounty1899">{{cite book|last=Barrows|first=H.D.|title=Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMg1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151|access-date=September 28, 2011|year=1899|page=151ff|chapter=Felepe de Neve|volume=4|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163845/https://books.google.com/books?id=JMg1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> | established_title1 = City status | established_date1 = May 23, 1835<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/this-1835-decree-made-the-pueblo-of-los-angeles-a-ciudad-and-californias-capital| title = This 1835 Decree Made the Pueblo of Los Angeles a Ciudad – And California's Capital| publisher = [[KCET]]| access-date = January 27, 2018| date = April 2016| archive-date = January 28, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180128074945/https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/this-1835-decree-made-the-pueblo-of-los-angeles-a-ciudad-and-californias-capital| url-status = live}}</ref> | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = April 4, 1850<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130221091414/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 21, 2013 | title = California Cities by Incorporation Date | format = DOC | publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s | access-date = August 25, 2014}}</ref> | named_for = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web | title = 2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files | url = https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = September 7, 2021 | archive-date = September 7, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210907202441/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt | url-status = live}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 498.3 | area_total_km2 = 1290.6 | area_land_sq_mi = 469.1 | area_land_km2 = 1214.9 | area_water_sq_mi = 29.2 | area_water_km2 = 75.7 | elevation_m = 71 | elevation_ft = 233 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_point = [[Pacific Ocean]] | elevation_max_m = 1547 | elevation_max_ft = 5075 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Lukens]] | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_min_footnotes = | population_total = 3898747 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Los Angeles, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Los%20Angeles%20city,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913041801/https://data.census.gov/all?q=Los%20Angeles%20city,%20California |url-status=live }}</ref> | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web | title = QuickFacts: Los Angeles city, California | url = https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/dashboard/losangelescitycalifornia/LFE041219 | access-date = September 13, 2024 | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | archive-date = November 26, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241126194742/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/dashboard/losangelescitycalifornia/LFE041219 | url-status = live }}</ref> | population_est = 3,869,089 {{loss}} | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 3rd in North America<br />2nd in the United States<br />1st in California | population_density_sq_mi = 8,205 | population_density_km2 = 3,168 | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web | url = https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html | title = List of 2020 Census Urban Areas | website = census.gov | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = January 8, 2023 | archive-date = January 14, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html | url-status = live}}</ref> | population_urban = 12,237,376 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|2nd]]) | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=MSA and CSA GDP |url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/?ReqID=70&step=1#eyJhcHBpZCI6NzAsInN0ZXBzIjpbMSwyOSwyNSwzMSwyNiwyNywzMF0sImRhdGEiOltbIlRhYmxlSWQiLCI1MzMiXSxbIk1ham9yX0FyZWEiLCI0Il0sWyJTdGF0ZSIsWyIwNjAwMCJdXSxbIkFyZWEiLFsiMDYwMzciLCIwNjA1OSIsIjA2MDY1IiwiMDYwNzEiLCIwNjExMSJdXSxbIlN0YXRpc3RpYyIsWyIzIl1dLFsiVW5pdF9vZl9tZWFzdXJlIiwiTGV2ZWxzIl0sWyJZZWFyIixbIjIwMjQiXV0sWyJZZWFyQmVnaW4iLCItMSJdLFsiWWVhcl9FbmQiLCItMSJdXX0= |website=apps.bea.gov}}</ref> | time_zone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] | utc_offset = −08:00 | time_zone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −07:00 }} '''लॉस एंजेलिस''' (जेकरा अक्सर '''LA''' भा '''L.A.''' के संछेप नाँव से जानल जाला) [[अमेरिका]] के [[कैलिफोर्निया|कैलिफोर्निया राज्य]] के सबसे ढेर आबादी वाला शहर ह। ई दक्खिन कैलिफोर्निया के कॉमर्शियल, फ़ाइनान्शियल आ सांस्कृतिक केंद्र ह। 2025 के एस्टीमेट के अनुसार, शहर के सीमा के भीतर लगभग 38.7 लाख लोग रहत बाड़ें। आबादी के हिसाब से ई अमेरिका के दुसरा सबसे बड़ शहर ह, [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] के बाद, आ पच्छिमी अमेरिका के सबसे बड़ शहर ह। एह शहर के आबादी जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक रूप से विविधता वाला बा। ई 2024 में 1.29 करोड़ लोग के आबादी वाला महानगरीय क्षेत्र के प्रमुख शहर ह। ग्रेटर लॉस एंजिल्स, एगो संयुक्त सांख्यिकीय क्षेत्र ह, जेह में लॉस एंजेलिस आ रिवरसाइड-सैन बर्नार्डिनो महानगरीय क्षेत्र शामिल बाड़ें। ई 1.8 करोड़ से अधिक लोग के आबादी वाला एगो बिसाल महानगर ह। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के शहर]] o0qaknvdh9ftg2udo2asjhwqlp6scox 0 84205 813956 711463 2026-11-06T12:59:29Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = शरावती | name_other = शरावती नदी | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mighty_Jog.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = शरावती नदी पर [[जोग झरना]], [[मानसून]] ([[बरसात|बरखा के सीजन]]) में | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = देस | subdivision_name1 = {{झंडा|भारत}} | subdivision_type2 = राज्य | subdivision_name2 = [[कर्नाटक]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = शहर | subdivision_name5 = सागर, होन्नावार <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= होन्नावर | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = अंबुतीर्थ | source1_location = तीर्थहल्ली तालुका, [[शिमोगा जिला]], कर्नाटक | source1_coordinates= {{coord|13|47|33|N|75|10|35|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|730|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[अरब सागर]] | mouth_location = होन्नावर, [[उत्तर कन्नड़ जिला]], कर्नाटक | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|17|57|N|74|25|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2985|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''शरावती नदी''' दक्खिन भारत के [[पच्छिमी घाट]] परबत श्रेणी से निकले वाली आ [[अरब सागर]] में गिरे वाली एगो प्रमुख नदी हवे। ई नदी पूरा तरीका से भारतीय राज्य [[कर्नाटक]] में बहे ले। नदी के कुल लंबाई {{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}} बाटे आ ई अंबुतीर्थ से निकल के उत्तर कन्नड़ जिला के होनावर नाँव के जगह पर अरब सागर में गिरे ले; नदी के बेसिन के कुल रकबा {{convert|2985|km2|abbr=on}} बाटे।<ref name="paper" /> शरावती नदी के परसिद्धि एह पर बने वाला [[जोग झरना]] से हवे जे भारत के प्रमुख झरना सभ में से एक हवे। == नाँव == शरावती नदी के उदगम अंबुतीर्थ नाँव के जगह से होखे ला। एह जगह आ नदी से जुड़ल एगो कथा चलन में हवे। कथा के मोताबिक [[हिंदू धर्म]] में [[विष्णु|बिष्णु]] के अवतार मानल जाए वाला श्री[[राम]] एहिजे अपना बनगमन के समय [[सीता]] के पियास लागे पर जमीन में एगो तीर मरलें जहाँ से पानी के सोता फूट बहल। एकरा के अंबुतीर्थ कहल जाला आ इहे शरावती के उदगम हवे। शरावती नाँव के पाछे भी इहे कहानी बतावल जाला, [[संस्कृत]] में "शर" के मतलब बाण होला। == नदी मारग == अंबुतीर्थ [[पच्छिमी घाट]] के परबत श्रेणी सभ में {{convert|730|m|abbr=on}} के ऊँचाई पर बा। अंबुतीर्थ कर्नाटक राज्य के शिवमोगा जिला के तीर्थहल्ली तालुका में पड़े ला आ तहसील के मुख्यालय से लगभग 15 किमी के दूरी पर बा। एहिजा से निकले के बादे नदी पर बंधा बना के बिजली बनावे वाला प्लांट लागल बा। ऊपरी, पहिला प्लांट के महात्मा गाँधी पनबिजली प्लांट कहल जाला। आगे जा के नदी [[जोग झरना]] बनावे ले; झरना के ऊँचाई {{convert|253|m}} बाटे आ ई मेघालय के [[नोहकलिकाई]] आ गोवा के [[दूधसागर झरना]] के बाद भारत के तिसरा सभसे ऊँच झरना हवे। ई कर्नाटक आ भारत के एगो प्रमुख पर्यटक आकर्षण हवे। एहिजे पनबिजली प्रोजेक्ट खातिर बंधा बनावल गइल बा। नदी के कुल लंबाई {{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}} बाटे आ ई अंबुतीर्थ से निकल के कर्नाटक के शिमोगा आ उत्तर कन्नड़ जिला में बहे ले। एह नदी के पूरा थाला (बेसिन) के रकबा {{convert|2985|km2|abbr=on}} बाटे।<ref name="paper">A detailed study on the Sharavati river is made by {{cite web|author=Saira Varghese Kidangan|url=http://www.iirs-nrsa.gov.in/pdf/5050.pdf|title=Quantification of Hydrological responses to landuse changes using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques|work=Online webpage of Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency|publisher=Dept. of Space, Government of India|access-date=2007-05-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008215415/http://www.iirs-nrsa.gov.in/pdf/5050.pdf|archive-date=2007-10-08}}</ref> एकर मुख्य सहायिका नदी सभ में नंदीहोले, हरिद्रावती, माविनाहोले, हिलकुंजी, यानेहोले, हुरलीहोले आ नागोदीहोले नदी बाड़ी सऽ। नदी के तीरे बसल शहर सभ में सभसे प्रमुख सागर नाँव के कस्बा बाटे। ई कस्बा जोग झरना से करीबन 24 किमी के दूरी पर बा। अंत में शरावती [[उत्तर कन्नड़ जिला]] के [[होनावर]] नाँव के जगह पर अरब सागर में गिरे ले। एह तरीका से ई पच्छिमी घाट के पच्छिम ओर के बहे वाली नदी हवे। == गैलरी == <gallery mode="packed"> Jog Falls 05092016.jpg|[[जोग झरना]], बिना बरखा के सीजन में Jog Roarer.JPG|जोग झरना, बरसात के सीजन में River Sharavathi Karnataka India 2.jpg|नदी के किनारा के एगो सीन Walking Bridge over Sharavathi River Karnataka India.jpg|नदी पर एगो पैदल पुल Ride on sharavathi River.JPG|नदी पर आवागमन Sharavathi River Karnataka India.jpg|नदी के बैकवाटर, समुद्र में मिले से पहिले </gallery> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{कॉमंस श्रेणी|Sharavathi River}} [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:शिमोगा जिला]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर कन्नड़ जिला]] {{India-geo-stub}} {{river-stub}} s4etebgneau976o6r04qkkji69i7ecg 0 84467 814190 781707 2026-11-06T15:57:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Siberia | native_name = Сибирь | native_name_lang = ru | settlement_type = Geographical region <!-- images, nickname, motto --> | image_skyline = Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg | image_caption = <div style="line-height: 1.35em;"> <span style="margin:0px; position:left; padding-bottom:1px; background-color:#CC0000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;[[Siberian Federal District]]<br /> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px;"><span style="border:#CC0000; background-color:#CC0000; color:#CC0000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="border:#FF4000; background-color:#FF4000; color:#FF4000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Historical Russian Siberia</span><br /> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px;"><span style="border:#CC0000; background-color:#CC0000; color:#CC0000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="border:#FF4000; background-color:#FF4000; color:#FF4000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="border:#FF9933; background-color:#FF9933; color:#FF9933;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;[[North Asia]], greatest extent of Siberia</span> </div> | image_flag = | image_shield = | nickname = | etymology = <!-- location --> | subdivision_type = Continent | subdivision_name = [[North Asia]] | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]] | parts_type = Parts | parts_style = para | p1 = [[Western Siberia]]<br />[[Eastern Siberia]]<br />[[Russian Far East]] <!-- maps and coordinates --> | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|60|0|N|105|0|E|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- established --> | established_title = | established_date = <!-- area --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 13100000 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = <!-- elevation --> | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- population --> | population_as_of = 2017 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 33,765,005 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi= | population_demonym = [[Siberians]] <!-- time zone(s) --> | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = <!-- postal codes, area code --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | geocode = | iso_code = <!-- website, footnotes --> | website = | footnotes = }} '''साइबेरिया''' ({{Lang|en|Siberia}} {{IPAc-en|s|aɪ|ˈ|b|ɪər|i|ə}}) एगो बिसाल [[प्रदेश|भूगोलीय प्रदेश]] हवे जेह में पूरा [[उत्तरी एशिया]] आवे ला, पच्छिम में [[यूराल परबत]] से ले के पूरुब में [[प्रशांत महासागर]] के किनारे ले के जमीनी हिस्सा एह प्रदेश में सामिल बा।<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Siberia |title=Siberia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online |access-date=2021-09-22}}</ref> 16वीं सदी के बिचला समय के बाद से ई भूगोलीय प्रदेश [[रूस|रूस देस]] के हिस्सा बा, ओह दौर के बाद से जब रूस के लोग यूराल परबत के पूरुब ओर के हिस्सा पर आपन अधिकार जमा लिहल। साइबेरिया बहुत बड़हन बिस्तार वाला एरिया हवे आ इहाँ बहुत बीरर आबादी बाटे; 13.1 मिलियन (1 करोड़ 31 लाख) वर्ग किलोमीटर के क्षेत्रफल वाला एह इलाका में रूस के कुल आबादी के लगभग पाँचवाँ हिस्सा निवास करे ला। [[नोवोसिबिर्स्क]] आ [[ओम्स्क]] एह प्रदेश के सबसे बड़हन शहर बाने। साइबेरिया भूगोलीय आ इतिहासी प्रदेश हवे न कि कौनों राजनीतिक भा प्रशासनिक इकाई, एही कारन एकर कौनों एकदम सटीक निर्धारित जमीनी चौहद्दी नइखे। परंपरागत रूप से, पच्छिम में यूराल परबत से ले के पूरुब में प्रशांत महासागर तक ले के हिस्सा के सगरी अइसन [[नदी बेसिन]] जिनहन के पानी [[आर्कटिक महासागर]] में गिरे ला, साइबेरिया के रूप में परिभाषित कइल जालें। [[येनिसी नदी]] साइबेरिया के दू हिस्सा में बाँटे ले, पच्छिमी आ पुरबी। एह तरीका से साइबेरिया उत्तर में आर्कटिक सागर से ले के दक्खिन में [[कजाकिस्तान]] के पर्बतीय हिस्सा, आ [[चीन]] आ [[मंगोलिया]] के परबती हिस्सा तक ले बिस्तार वाला इलाका हवे।<ref name="Britannica" /> साइबेरिया के बिचला हिस्सा (सेंट्रल साइबेरिया, जेकरा पच्छिमी आ पूरबी साइबेरिया आर्थिक प्रदेश के रूप में जानल जाला) [[सोवियत यूनियन]] के कोर (केंद्रीय महत्व के) इलाका मानल जाय। एह कोर एरिया के पच्छिम के हिस्सा के यूराल प्रदेश आ पूरुब वाला हिस्सा के रूसी सुदूर पूर्ब (रसियन फार ईस्ट) के रूप में जानल जाय।<ref name="Britannica" /> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:एशिया के भूगोल]] {{Asia-geo-stub}} ldxahrv9olo2pw7h1m1kl79v0k7s6g6 0 84743 813932 774025 2026-11-06T12:57:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वैष्णो देवी''' चाहे ('''माता रानी''' भा '''वैष्णवी''') हिंदू [[आदि पराशक्ति|देवी]] के एगो लोक रूप हई। इनके नाँव गोहरावत घरी ''माँ'' आ ''माता'' शब्द पहिले जोड़ल जाला। [[वैष्णो देवी के मंदिर]] जम्मू काश्मीर के कटरा नाँव के जगह पर बाटे।वैष्णो देवी या श्री माता वैष्णो देवी मंदिर, हिन्दू मान्यता अनुसार, माँइ आदिशक्ति दुर्गा स्वरूप माँइ वैष्णो देवी जिनका के त्रिकुटा और वैष्णवी नाम से भी जानल जाला, देवी के समर्पित मुख्य पवित्रतम हिन्दू मंदिर में से एगो बा, जौन भारत केेे जम्मू और कश्मीर के जम्मू सम्भाग में त्रिकुट पर्वत पे स्थित बा।इ धार्मिक स्थल के आराध्य देवी, वैष्णो देवी के सामान्यतः माता रानी, वैष्णवी, दुर्गा तथा शेरावाली माता जैसे अनेक नाम से भी जानल जाला।एहिजा आदिशक्ति स्वरूप महालक्ष्मी, महाकाली तथा महासरस्वती पिंडी रूप मे त्रेता युग से एक गुफा मे विराजमान बा औरी माता वैष्णो देवी स्वयं एहिजा आपन शाश्वत निराकार रूप मे विराजमान बारी। वेद पुरान के हिसाब से ये मंदिर 108 शक्ति पीठ मे भी शामिल बा। एहिजा लोग 14 किमी की चढ़ाई चढ़ भवन तक पहुँचेला। घोड़ा, पिठु, पालकी, हेलिकॉप्टर, ट्राम रोपवे जैइसान अनेक सुविधाए एहिजा उपलब्द बाटे। एहिजा  पहुँचे खातिर मुख्य दुगो साधन बा - रेलवे और रोडवे जेमे से जादातार लोग रेलवे अर्थाट ट्रेन से आइल पसंद करेला। एहिजा केरेलवे स्टेशन श्री माता वैष्णो देवी कटरा पूरा भारत से जुड़ल बा। ई मंदिर, जम्मू औरी कश्मीर राज्य के जम्मू के रियासी मण्डल में कटरा नगर के समीप अवस्थित बा। इ [[उत्तर भारत|उत्तरी भारत]] में सबसे पूजनीय पवित्र स्थल में से एगो ह। माता वैष्णो देवी के प्रहरी भगवान शंकर जी के अवतार हनुमान जी हइ औरी हनुमान जी के साथे भगवान शिव जी के ही अवतार भैरव बाबा भी हइ। उत्तर भारत मे माँ वैष्णो देवी सबसे प्रसिद्ध सिद्धपीठ हवे ओकरा उपरांत सहारनपुर की शिवालिक पहाड़़ियों मे स्थित शाकम्भरी देवी सबसे सर्वप्रमुख प्राचीन सिद्धपीठ ह। शाकम्भरी पीठ मे माइ के दर्शन से पहिले भैरव के दर्शन करेके पडेला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:देवी-देवता]] {{Hindu-myth-stub}} m595f6vtgnztydkw6h1j4i2hvbxo8k6 0 84745 813933 790101 2026-11-06T12:57:36Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hindu temple | name = वैष्णो देवी मंदिर | image = Mata Vaishno Devi Bhawan.jpg | alt = | caption = त्रिकुटा पहाड़ी पर मंदिर के सीन | map_type = India Jammu and Kashmir#India | map_relief = y | map_caption = जम्मू-काश्मीर में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|33.0299|74.9482|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | country = {{flag|भारत}} | location = कटरा, जम्मू-काश्मीर | district = [[रियासी जिला|रियासी]] | locale = | elevation_m = 1584.96 | deity = [[वैष्णो देवी]] | festivals = [[नवरातर]], [[दिवाली]], [[नया साल]] | architecture = गुफा में मंदिर | temple_quantity = 4 | monument_quantity = | inscriptions = | temple_board = श्री माता वैष्णो देवी श्राइन बोर्ड | year_completed = 0028 विक्रम संवत | website = {{URL|https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/|maavaishnodevi.org}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 12 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | state={{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] }} '''वैष्णो देवी मंदिर''', जेकरा के '''श्री माता वैष्णो देवी मंदिर''' चाहे '''वैष्णो देवी भवन''' नाँव से भी जानल जाला, भारत के कटरा ([[रियासी जिला|जिला रियासी]], [[जम्मू अउरी काश्मीर|जम्मू-कश्मीर]]) में स्थित एगो प्रसिद्ध हिंदू मंदिर हवे। ई मंदिर [[वैष्णो देवी]] के समर्पित बा, जे देवी हिंदू लोगन के मान्यता अनुसार महाकाली, महालक्ष्मी आ महासरस्वती के संयुक्त रूप मानी जाली। ई मंदिर त्रिकुटा पर्वत पर लगभग 5,200 फीट (1,500 मीटर) के ऊँचाई पर बाटे। ई [[जम्मू]] शहर से करीब 43 किमी आ जिला मुख्यालय [[रियासी]] कस्बा से करीब 29 किमी दूर बा। मंदिर के देखरेख आ संचालन श्री माता वैष्णो देवी श्राइन बोर्ड द्वारा कइल जाला, आ 1986 से जम्मू-कश्मीर के राज्यपाल एह बोर्ड के अध्यक्ष होखे लें। ई भारत के सबसे पॉपुलर तीरथ सब में से हवे, जहाँ हर साल लाखन के गिनती में श्रद्धालु दर्शन करे आवेलें। एगो आँकड़ा के हिसाब से 2023 में करीब 95.2 लाख तीर्थयात्री एह मंदिर में आइल रहलें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:जम्मू काश्मीर में पर्यटन]] {{Hinduism-stub}} 6cj2jmyicejndnw7jlkps43x40tkr75 0 84808 814378 805431 2026-11-07T07:15:34Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = Sunil Gavaskar | image = Sunny Gavaskar Sahara.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = 2012 में सुनील गावस्कर | fullname = Sunil Manohar Gavaskar | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|07|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State|Province of Bombay]] (present day [[Mumbai]]), India | death_date = | nickname = Sunny, Little Master | height = 1.65 m | batting = Right-handed | bowling = | role = [[Batting order (cricket)#Opening batsmen|Opening batsman]] | family = {{ubl|[[Madhav Mantri]] (uncle)|[[Rohan Gavaskar]] (son)|[[Gundappa Viswanath]] (brother-in-law)}} | international = true | internationalspan = 1971–1987 | country = India | testcap = 128 | testdebutagainst = West Indies | testdebutdate = 6 March | testdebutyear = 1971 | lasttestagainst = Pakistan | lasttestdate = 13 March | lasttestyear = 1987 | odicap = 4 | odidebutagainst = England | odidebutdate = 13 July | odidebutyear = 1974 | lastodiagainst = England | lastodidate = 5 November | lastodiyear = 1987 | odishirt = | club1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] | year1 = {{nowrap|1967–1982}} | year2 = 1980 | club2 = [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] | columns = 4 | column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]] | column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]] | column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]] | column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]] | matches1 = 125 | matches2 = 108 | matches3 = 348 | matches4 = 151 | runs1 = 10,122 | runs2 = 3,092 | runs3 = 25,834 | runs4 = 4,594 | bat avg1 = 51.12 | bat avg2 = 35.13 | bat avg3 = 51.46 | bat avg4 = 36.17 | 100s/50s1 = 34/45 | 100s/50s2 = 1/27 | 100s/50s3 = 81/105 | 100s/50s4 = 5/37 | top score1 = 236[[not out|*]] | top score2 = 103[[not out|*]] | top score3 = 340 | top score4 = 123 | deliveries1 = 380 | deliveries2 = 20 | deliveries3 = 1,953 | deliveries4 = 108 | wickets1 = 1 | wickets2 = 1 | wickets3 = 22 | wickets4 = 2 | bowl avg1 = 206.00 | bowl avg2 = 25.00 | bowl avg3 = 56.36 | bowl avg4 = 40.50 | fivefor1 = 0 | fivefor2 = 0 | fivefor3 = 0 | fivefor4 = 0 | tenfor1 = 0 | tenfor2 = 0 | tenfor3 = 0 | tenfor4 = 0 | best bowling1 = 1/34 | best bowling2 = 1/10 | best bowling3 = 3/43 | best bowling4 = 1/10 | catches/stumpings1 = 108/– | catches/stumpings2 = 22/– | catches/stumpings3 = 293/– | catches/stumpings4 = 37/– | source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1378/1378.html CricketArchive | date = 5 September | year = 2008 }} '''सुनील गावस्कर''' [[भारत]] क [[क्रिकेट]] के पूर्व-खिलाड़ी हवें।<ref name="icc">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/hall-of-fame/hall-of-famers/212076|title=Hall of Fame - Sunil Gavaskar|publisher=आई.सी.सी|trans-title=हॉल ऑफ़ फेम - सुनील गावस्कर|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904192122/https://www.icc-cricket.com/hall-of-fame/hall-of-famers/212076|archive-date=4 सितंबर 2018|access-date=4 सितंबर 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> सुनील गावस्कर के ये युग में क्रिकेट के सबसे बड़ बल्लेबाजन में गिनल जाला। उ बल्लेबाजी में ढेर क रिकॉर्ड बनवले हउए। इनकर जनम 10 जुलाई 1949 के [[मुम्बई]] (महाराष्ट्र) में भयल रहे।<ref name="icc" /> गावस्कर टेस्ट क्रिकेट में वो छह बल्लेबाजन में से एक रहने, जिनकर बल्लेबाजी औसत 50 से बेसी रहल, जबतक उ अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैच खेलत रहने।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/477774.html|title=The perfect opener}}</ref> इहे ना, क्रिकेट में पहिलका मैच से लेके उनकर बल्लेबाजी औसत 50 से नीचे कभी नाही भयल।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/for-the-first-time-in-49-tests-kohlis-50-plus-test-average-under-threat-7807235/|title=For the first time in 49 Tests, Kohli’s Test average drops below 50}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-sunil-gavaskar-the-constant-in-a-hurrying-world-1895154-2022-01-02|title=From the archives: Sunil Gavaskar, the constant in a hurrying world}}</ref> उ आपन पदार्पण मैच के दुनो पारी में अर्धशतक लगवले रहने। अइसन करे वाला उ दूसर भारतीय बल्लेबाज बनल रहने।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketjagran.com/feature/3-indian-batsmen-who-scored-more-than-50-runs-in-both-the-innings-of-their-first-test-match/|title=पहले टेस्ट मैच की दोनों पारियों में अर्धशतक लगाने वाले बल्लेबाज|access-date=2022-04-09|archive-date=2025-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222020312/https://cricketjagran.com/feature/3-indian-batsmen-who-scored-more-than-50-runs-in-both-the-innings-of-their-first-test-match/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == बल्लेबाज़ी कीर्तिमान == गावस्कर बल्लेबाज़ी से जुड़ल ढेर क कीर्तिमान स्थापित करले हउएं। गावस्कर आपन क्रिकेट खेलले के समय काल तक मे विश्व क्रिकेट में 3 बेरि एक साल में एक हज़ार रन, सबसे बेसी शतक (34), सबसे बेसी रन (नौ हज़ार से अधिक), सबसे बेसी शतकीय भागेदारि अउर पहिलका श्रृंखला में सर्वाधिक रन बनावे वाला अकेल बल्लेबाज रहले। 'सनी' गावस्कर क हर पारी एवं रन ऐतिहासिक मानल जाला। उ भारतीय टीम क कुशल नेतृत्व करलें अउर कई गो महत्त्वपूर्ण जीत पउले, एकरा में 'एशिया कप' एवं 'बेनसन एंण्ड हेजेस विश्वकप' (BENSON & HAZES WORLD CUP) शामिल हवे। 'क्रिकेट क आभूषण' कहल जाए वाले गावस्कर एकदिवसीय मैचन में भी अच्छा काम करले हवें। उ 100 कैच क कीर्तिमान भी इंग्लैंड में बना चुकल बाटे। अपने कॉलेज के खातिर क्रिकेट खेलत समय भी उ सबसे सफल बल्लेबाज मानल जात रहने। 1971 में उनके टेस्ट टीम के वेस्टइंडीज दौरा खातिर चुनल गयल रहे। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1949 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:क्रिकेट खेलाड़ी]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] {{Cricket-bio-stub}} ss8atxbbsazz6rf4llxdj9g9bavi48u 0 84921 813769 781740 2026-11-06T12:09:55Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. | logo = Warner Bros. Discovery.svg | logo_size = 250px | logo_caption = Logo used since April 8, 2022 | type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|WBD}}|[[S&P 500]] component}} | industry = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mass media]]|[[Outline of entertainment|Entertainment]]}} | predecessors = {{Unbulleted list|[[WarnerMedia]]|[[Discovery, Inc.]]}} | founded = {{start date and age|mf=yes|2022|04|08}} | founder = | hq_location = 230 Park Avenue South | hq_location_city = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | hq_location_country = U.S. | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Unbulleted list||[[Samuel DiPiazza|Samuel Di Piazza]] ([[Chairperson|Chairman]])|[[David Zaslav]] ([[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Gunnar Wiedenfels ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])}} | products = {{Unbulleted list|[[Film]]s|[[Television show|Television program]]|[[Music]]|[[Video game]]s|[[Comic Books]]|[[Web portal]]s}} | brands = | services = {{Unbulleted list|[[Broadcasting]]|[[Pay television]]|[[Streaming media|Streaming]]|[[Publishing]]|[[License|Licensing]]}} | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | num_employees = | divisions = {{Unbulleted list|Warner Bros. Discovery US Networks Group|Warner Bros. Discovery Sports|Warner Bros. Discovery Global Streaming & Interactive Entertainment|Warner Bros. Discovery International|Warner Bros. Discovery Enterprises}} | subsid = {{Unbulleted list|[[Warner Bros.]]|[[Home Box Office, Inc.|Home Box Office]]|[[CNN|CNN Global]]|[[DC Entertainment]]|[[All3Media]] {{small|(50% with [[Liberty Global]])}}|[[Motor Trend Group]] {{small|(JV with [[Source Interlink]])}}|[[Eurosport]]|Play Sports Group}} | website = {{URL|wbd.com}} | footnotes = <ref name="wbdlaunch"/><ref>{{cite web|first=Georg|last=Szalai|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/discovery-cfo-gunnar-wiedenfels-warnermedia-merger-1234968367/|title=''Cash Never Lies'': Meet the Discovery CFO Targeting $3B in Savings in the Warner Merger|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 17, 2021|access-date=April 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbd.com/privacy-notice/|title=Privacy statement|publisher=Warner Bros Discovery|access-date=April 8, 2022}}</ref> }} '''वार्नर ब्रोस. डिस्कवरी, इंक.''' ({{Lang|en|Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc.}}, ''वार्नर ब्रदर्स डिस्कवरी'' ) एगो अमेरिकी मल्टीनेशनल मास मीडिया आ एंटरटेनमेंट [[कांग्लोमरेट कंपनी|कांग्लोमरेट]] बाटे जेकर हेडक्वार्टर [[अमेरिका]] के [[न्यूयॉर्क]] में बा। ई कंपनी वार्नरमीडिया के एटी एंड टी द्वारा डिवेस्टमेंट आ एकरे डिस्कवरी इंक में बिलय के बाद 8 अपरैल 2022 के बनल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी कंपनी]] {{Company-stub}} pzc16sle4zjnhekqsc9r4th6wg2bdxm 0 84949 814322 781746 2026-11-07T05:35:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mediterranean wind rose}} [[Image:Sirocco_wind1.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Sirocco wind diagram by Piotr Flatau]] '''सिरोको''' ({{Lang|en|Sirocco}} {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|r|ɒ|k|oʊ}}) [[भूमध्य क्षेत्र|भूमध्यसागरीय क्षेत्र]] में बहे वाली एगो [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट|लोकल हवा]] हवे। ई [[सहारा]] के रेगिस्तान से उठे ले आ उत्तर अफिरका आ दक्खिनी यूरोप के परभावित करे ले; एकर स्पीड [[हरीकेन]] के इस्पीड मतिन हो सके ला। ई गरम हवा होखे ले आ आमतौर पर गर्मी के सीजन में बहे ले। लीबियाई अरबी भाषा में एकरा के [[गिबिली]] कहल जाला। सिरोको गरम आ सूखल हवा होखे ले। हालाँकि, नमी सोख लेवे के बाद एह से बरखा भी होसके ला। एकरा साथे लाल बालू के कन गिरे लें जेकरा चलते अइसन बरखा के "ब्लड रेन" (खून के बरखा) कहल जाला।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bharatdwaj |first1=K. |title=Physical Geography: Atmosphere |date=2006 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8356-151-8 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tkhWXETk_G4C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA123&dq=blood%20rain%20sirocco&hl=hi&pg=PA123#v=onepage&q=blood%20rain%20sirocco&f=false |language=en}}</ref> == नाँव == ''सिरोको'' नाँव के उत्पत्ती {{Lang-ar|شرقية|translit=šarqiyya|lit=पूरबी, चाहे पुरुआ हवा}} से हवे। अउरियो अन्य भाषा सभ में एकर नाँव नीचे दिहल गइल बाड़ें: * {{lang-it|scirocco}} * {{lang-scn|sciroccu}} * {{lang-es|siroco}} * {{lang-ca|xaloc}} * {{lang-mt|xlokk}} * {{lang-oc|siròc}} चाहे {{lang|oc|eisseròc}} * {{lang-el|σορόκος|sorókos}}, चाहे {{lang|el|σιρόκος}} [[यूनानी भाषा के रोमनाइजेशन|<small>रोमनाइजेशन</small>]]: sirókos * {{lang-sq|shirok}} * {{lang-hr|jugo}} चाहे जदा-कदा ''širok'' * {{lang-lij|sciöco}} चाहे {{lang|lij|mainasso}} * [[लीबियाई अरबी]]: {{lang|ayl|قبلي}}, <small>रोमनाइजेशन:</small> {{transl|ar|DIN|qibliyy}}, जेकर मतलब होला '[[Qibla]]' से आवे वाली हवा * {{lang-arz|خمسين|[[खमसिन|Ḫamsīn]]}}, जेकर मतलब होला 'पचास' ('पचास-दिनन के हवा') * {{lang-aeb|شلوق|šlūq}}, संभवतः {{lang|aeb|شروق}} {{transl|ar|DIN|šurūq}} से {{transl|ar|DIN|šarqiyya}} के अरथ में; चाहे {{lang|aeb|شهيلي}} {{transl|ar|DIN|šhīliyy}} * {{lang-ary|شرقي|lit=eastern|šarquiyy}} {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[खमसिन]] * [[हबूब]] * [[सिमूम]] * [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Compass direction}} [[श्रेणी:हवा सभ]] [[श्रेणी:भूमध्य क्षेत्र के भूगोल]] [[श्रेणी:यूरोप के जलवायु]] {{climate-stub}} {{Europe-geo-stub}} {{Africa-geo-stub}} ojkard1vvq0c7hwck56ezfhjjjr64dy 0 84963 814317 781747 2026-11-07T05:34:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weather type |name=Simoom |image=Sandstorm approaching the sphinx at Gîza at sunset, Egypt. C Wellcome V0049386.jpg |imagesize= |area of occurrence= Sahara, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and the deserts of Arabian Peninsula |season= |effect= Temperature may exceed 54 °C (129 °F) and the relative humidity may fall below 10% }} '''सिमूम''' ({{Lang|en|Simoom}}) एक किसिम के [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट|लोकल हवा]] हवे<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=simoom {{!}} wind {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/simoom |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=21 अप्रैल 2022 |language=en}}</ref> जे [[सहारा]], [[इजराइल]], [[फिलिस्तीन]], [[जॉर्डन]], [[ईराक]] आ [[सीरिया]] देसन के इलाका आ [[अरब प्रायदीप]] के रेगिस्तानी इलाकन में बहे ले। ई तेज, गरम आ धूर-धक्कड़ भरल हवा हवे। एकर तापमान {{convert|54|C}} से बेसी हो सके ला आ हवा में नमी 10% ले गिर सके ले। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[खमसिन]] * [[सिरोको]] * [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट]] {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060927154044/http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll118/en/development/types.list.simoom.html Brief description] * {{Skeptoid | id=4424 | number= 424| title=The Santa Barbara Simoom of 1859 | date= July 22, 2014| quote= | access-date=}} [[श्रेणी:हवा सभ]] {{Climate-stub}} 396jlespubcfym4ll6jofq2fdzpcjma 0 84994 814181 781752 2026-11-06T15:56:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Santa Ana winds - satellite image.jpg|thumb|240px|The Santa Ana winds sweep down from the deserts and across coastal [[southern California]], pushing dust and smoke from [[wildfire]]s far out over the [[Pacific Ocean]]. [[Los Angeles]] is in the upper left of this image, while [[San Diego]] is near the center.]] '''सांता एना हवा''' ({{Lang|en|Santa Ana winds}}; ''सैंटा ऍना विंड्स'' भा ''सांता ऍना विंड्स'' ) चाहे '''सान्ता अना'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=A. N. |title=Bhaugolika śabdakośa aura paribhāshāyeṃ |date=1963 |publisher=Kitāba Mahala |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5EYFAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE&dq=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE&hl=hi&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfp8f6oaj3AhVa63MBHTp4D7M4ChDoAXoECAkQAg |language=hi}}</ref> [[उत्तर अमेरिका]] के तटीय दक्खिनी कैलिफोर्निया आ बाजा कैलिफोर्निया में बहे वाली [[लोकल हवा]] हवे। ई तेज, गरम आ सूखल लोकल हवा होखे लीं जिनहन के उत्पत्ती अंदरूनी हिस्सा (इंटीरियर) में ग्रेट बेसिन के हाई-प्रेशर से होखे ला आ ई ढाल के सहारे उतरे वाली [[कैटाबैटिक हवा]] हईं जिनहन से समुंद्र तटीय इलाका परभावित होखे लें। ई गरम सूखा मौसम वाली हवा होखे लीं आ आमतौर पर पतझड़ के समय (जे सभसे गरम सीजन भी होखे ला) में बहे लीं हालाँकि, ई साल में कब्बो बह सके लीं।<ref name="LAT 2019-01-31">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-me-ln-climate-change-santa-ana-winds-20190131-story.html|title=Climate change should tamp down California's wildfire-fanning Santa Ana winds, study finds|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Joshua Emerson|last=Smith|date=January 31, 2019|access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref> एकर एगो अउरी नाँव '''''डेविल विंड्स''''' (''शैतान हवा'') हवे काहें कि ई बहुत सूखल हवा होखे लीं आ जंगल के आगि फइलावे में इनहन के योगदान होखे ला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[चिनूक]] * [[कैटाबैटिक हवा]] * [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/winds.html University of California, Los Angeles, Meteorology Dept.: ''Santa Ana Winds''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201065518/http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/winds.html |date=2014-02-01 }} * [http://www.laalmanac.com/weather/we23.php What are the ''Santana'' or ''Santa Ana'' Winds?] * {{cite news | url = http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2004/82.cfm | title = NASA Satellite Finds Something Fishy About Santa Ana Winds | date = March 11, 2004 | publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] | access-date = 2006-05-25 | archive-date = 2020-09-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200921130705/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2004/82.cfm | url-status = dead }} * [http://meteora.ucsd.edu/cap/santa_ana.html University of California, San Diego, Meteorology Dept. ''Santa Anas'' (includes indicator if there are currently Santa Ana conditions)] [[श्रेणी:हवा सभ]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर अमेरिका के भूगोल]] {{Climate-stub}} 3sde5hm6lyrcx6w37igr5l4vyio54wo 0 84999 813953 781755 2026-11-06T12:59:13Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813953 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iraqdust2005220.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A shamal overspreading Iraq]] '''शमाल''' ({{Lang|en|Shamal}})<ref name="britannica" /> [[ईराक]] आ [[फारस के खाड़ी]] के देसन ([[सऊदी अरब]] आ [[कुवैत]] शामिल बाड़ें) में बहे वाली गरम, धूर-धक्कड़ वाली [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट|लोकल हवा]] हवे। [[अरबी भाषा]] में शमाल भा शुमाल ({{lang-ar|شمال}}) के अरथ होला उत्तर दिसा; ई हवा उत्तर आ उत्तर-पच्छिम दिसा से बहे ले। दिन में ई हवा तेज होखे ले जबकि रात में कुछ मद्धिम पड़ जाले।<ref name=Farouk>{{Cite book |title= The Gulf War and the Environment |author= El-Baz, Farouk |author2=R.M. Makharita |isbn=978-2-88449-100-6 |pages=31–54, 178 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2cmmgwUJH98C&pg=PA31 |accessdate=2009-06-03 |editor= Gordon and Breach Publishers |year= 1994 }}</ref> अधिकतर अइसन हवा [[गरमी (सीजन)|गरमी]] के सीजन में बहे ले बाकी ई [[जाड़ा]] के सीजन में भी कब्बो-काल्ह बह सके ले। जून जुलाई के महीना में ई लगातार बहे ले।<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=shamal {{!}} wind current {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/shamal |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=22 अप्रैल 2022 |language=en}}</ref> एह लोकल हवा के परिणाम होला कि बड़हन पैमाना पर धूर भरल आन्ही नियर इस्थिति हो जाला; कई बेर ई कई सौ किलोमीटर के दूरी ले धूर आ बालू पहुँचा दे ले।<ref>{{cite web |title=Shamal Winds Drive Middle East Dust Storm |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/14560/shamal-winds-drive-middle-east-dust-storm |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |access-date=22 अप्रैल 2022 |language=en |date=25 जनवरी 2005}}</ref> एह हवा में धूर आ रेत-बालू के मुख्य स्रोत [[जॉर्डन]] आ [[सीरिया]] के इलाका हवें। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[हबूब]] * [[खमसिन]] * [[सिरोको]] * [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:हवा सभ]] {{Climate-stub}} 0aax86u1av967d3ihj1cid0mrttz37j 0 85108 814069 716408 2026-11-06T13:44:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संस्कृत छंदशास्त्र''' भा '''छन्द''' संस्कृत में [[मीटर (कबितई)|मीटर]] आ [[वर्स (कबितई)|वर्स]] के अध्ययन करे वाला शाखा हवे। ई छह गो [[वेदांग]] में सामिल हवे। [[श्रेणी:कबितई]] [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत साहित्य]] {{Poem-stub}} 4tnq78q0v7hpbl70skzqubj5xyl7994 0 85141 814118 781783 2026-11-06T15:49:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Storm clouds over the Royal National Park, Sydney, NSW Australia.jpg|thumb|290px|सिडनी में रॉयल नेशनल पार्क के ऊपर सदर्ली बस्टर के आगमन।]] '''सदर्ली बस्टर''' ({{Lang|en|southerly buster}})<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=Southerly Buster {{!}} wind {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Southerly-Buster |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=28 अप्रैल 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[ऑस्ट्रेलिया]] के [[न्यू साउथ वेल्स]] आ [[विक्टोरिया]] प्रांत में अचानक हवा में बदलाव हो के दखिनही हवा बहे लागे के आम बोलचाल के नाँव हवे।<ref>1850, B. C. Peck, ''Recollections of Sydney'', quoted in 1978, G. A. Wilkes, ''A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms'', {{ISBN|0-424-00034-2}}</ref> ई हवा दक्खिन के ओर से आवे ले, आम गरम दिन के बदल देले आ मौसम ठंढा हो जाला आ कभी कभार खराब मौसम भी हो जाला। [[तापमान]] में नाटकीय रूप से अचानक गिरावट देखे के मिले ला आ पहिले के गर्मी से राहत मिले ले।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article138978287 |title=SOUTHERLY BUSTER. |newspaper=[[Wellington Times]] |date=23 December 1901 |accessdate=27 March 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> गरम आ ठंढा हवा के सीमा के रूप में रोल नियर बादर देखलाई पड़े लें जे समुंद्र तट के लंबवत होखे लें जे दक्खिन ओर से आवत देखलाई पड़े लें आ हवा के साथे-साथ चले लें; हालाँकि,कभी-कभार एह हवा के साथ ई देखलाई पड़े वाला लच्छन नाहियों हो सके ला।<ref>[http://www.bom.gov.au/social/2011/10/southerly-busters/ Southerly Busters Explained]. The Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. Accessed 21 February 2012.</ref> [[सिडनी]] में गर्मी के मौसम तस्मान सागरके ओर से आवे वाला एह [[कोल्ड फ्रंट]] के कारण समय समय पर ठंढा होखत रहे ला।<ref name="britannica" /> == इहो देखल जाय == * [[ब्रिकफील्डर]] * [[ब्लैक नॉर'ईस्टर]] * [[दक्खिनपूर्बी ऑस्ट्रेलियन फॉन]] * [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:हवा सभ]] [[श्रेणी:ऑस्ट्रेलिया के जलवायु]] {{climate-stub}} {{Australia-geo-stub}} r2saq728co7xskj1zw3bzrs2v6qkh9v 0 85153 814248 781788 2026-11-06T16:07:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिनसिनाटी''' ({{Lang|en|Cincinnati}}, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|ɪ|n|s|ᵻ|ˈ|n|æ|t|i}} {{respell|SIN|si|NAT|ee}}) अमेरिका के ओहायो राज्य में एगो शहर बा। ई हैमिल्टन काउंटी के मुख्यालय (सीट) हवे। {{US-geo-stub}} oq4rwy8ljwxi9kllj6ae5ea0z8sstwy 0 85232 813882 810471 2026-11-06T12:53:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विलिवाव''' ({{Lang|en|Williwaw}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of WILLIWAW |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/williwaw |website=merriam-webster.com |access-date=30 अप्रैल 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="weatheronline" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Borneman |first1=Elizabeth |title=Williwaw, a Colloquial Word for Katabatic Wind |url=https://www.geographyrealm.com/williwaw-a-colloquial-word-for-katabatic-wind/ |website=Geography Realm |date=1 फरवरी 2016}}</ref> पुराना हिज्जे: ''williwau''), [[मौसम बिज्ञान]] में, अचानक कौनों पहाड़ी समुंद्र तीरे से समुंद्र के ओर होखे वाला हवा के ब्लास्ट के कहल जाला। एह शब्द के उत्पत्ती के बहुत जानकारी नईखे; हालाँकि, ई शब्द ब्रिटिश नाविक लोग 19वीं सदी के शुरुआत से क रहल बाटे। लोकल हवा के रूप में दू गो जगह अइसन बाड़ीं जहाँ ई विलिवाव हवा चलें लीं: [[अल्यूशियन दीप]] समूह के लगे [[अलास्का]] के ओर से आ [[मैगलेन जलजोड़]] (दक्खिन अमेरिका आ अंटार्कटिका के बीचा में) के लगे। अलास्का में एकरा खातिर ''आउटफ्लो विंड'' आ ''स्क्वामिश विंड'' नाँव से भी जानल जाला। तीसरे जगह, [[ग्रीनलैंड]] के लगे एकरा के [[पिटेराक]] के नाँव से जानल जाला।<ref>{{cite web |title=Piteraqs: Downslope wind storms in southeast Greenland |url=https://www.eskp.de/en/natural-hazards/piteraqs-downslope-wind-storms-in-southeast-greenland-935818/ |website=www.eskp.de |access-date=30 अप्रैल 2022 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308120502/https://www.eskp.de/en/natural-hazards/piteraqs-downslope-wind-storms-in-southeast-greenland-935818/ |archive-date=2022-03-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> विलिवाव ठंढा हवा के पहाड़ी ढाल से अचानक नीचे धँसके से उत्पत्ती होखे ला आ एह तरीका से एकरा के एगो [[कैटाबैटिक हवा]] मानल जाला।<ref name="weatheronline">{{cite web |title=Wind of the World: Williwaw {{!}} weatheronline.co.uk |url=https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/wind/The-Williwaw.htm |website=weatheronline.co.uk |access-date=30 अप्रैल 2022}}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[पिटेराक]] (Piteraq) * [[कैटाबैटिक हवा]] * [[लोकल हवा सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://www.geographyrealm.com/williwaw-a-colloquial-word-for-katabatic-wind/ Williwaw, a Colloquial Word for Katabatic Wind], geographyrealm.com पर। {{In lang|en}} [[श्रेणी:हवा सभ]] {{Climate-stub}} 06h9puwamf20jea5slpqusdzudbhlrg 0 85473 814286 720641 2026-11-06T20:18:07Z Xqbot 961 Fixing double redirect from [[हॉलीवुड]] to [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] 814286 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] {{Rcat shell|{{R from alternative spelling}}}} 8vh0qj4ruv1skcr66ukr8t0o9eftit9 0 85525 814099 789878 2026-11-06T15:04:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Shorea robusta in Chhattisgarh.jpg|240px|thumb|छत्तीसगढ़ में सखुआ के फेड़]] '''सेखुआ''' चाहे '''सखुआ''' एगो फेड़ के प्रजाति हवे। एकरा के हिंदी में '''साल''' के नाँव से जानल जाला आ बैज्ञानिक नाँव ''शोरिया रोबस्टा'' (''Shorea robusta'') हवे। एकर लकड़ी भारी, मजबूत आ बहुत दिन ले टिके वाली होखे ले एही कारन ई इमारती लकड़ी (टिंबर) के रूप में बिबिध चीज बनावे खातिर इस्तेमाल कइल जाला। पौराणिक जिकिर में भगवान् [[विष्णु|बिष्णु]] के शाल पसंद वृक्ष हवे। बौद्ध कथा के मोताबिक [[गौतम बुद्ध|भगवान बुद्ध]] एही फेड़ के नीचे जनमल रहलें आ [[जैन धर्म|जैन मान्यता]] अनुसार [[महावीर|महावीर स्वामी]] के एही फेड़ के नीचे ज्ञान प्राप्त भइल रहे। आदिवासी [[सरना पंथ]] में एकरा के पबित्र आ पूजे लायक फेड़ मानल जाला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[सागौन]] भा सागवान == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:फेड़]] {{Tree-stub}} kki9w053at6q5qi1yx1f9og8mb7j6k5 0 85526 814195 781822 2026-11-06T15:57:36Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox |name = Teak |image = Starr 010304-0485 Tectona grandis.jpg |image_caption = Teak foliage and fruits |genus = Tectona |species = grandis |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]] |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-202018|title=''Tectona grandis'' L.f. — The Plant List|website=The Plant List|access-date=2022-05-16|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203033350/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-202018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |synonyms = *''Jatus grandis'' <small>(L.f.) Kuntze</small> *''Tectona grandis'' f. ''abludens '' <small>Koord. & Valeton</small> *''Tectona grandis'' f. ''canescens '' <small>Moldenke</small> *''Tectona grandis'' f. ''pilosula'' <small>Moldenke</small> *''Tectona grandis'' f. ''punctata'' <small>Moldenke</small> *''Tectona grandis'' f. ''tomentella '' <small>Moldenke</small> *''Tectona theca'' <small>Lour.</small> *''Theka grandis'' <small>(L.f.) Lam.</small> }} '''सागौन''' चाहे '''सागवान''' ({{Lang|en|Teak}}, टीक; बैज्ञानिक नाँव: ''टेक्टोनिया ग्रांडिस'') एगो [[उष्णकटिबंध|उष्णकटिबंधी]] [[फेड़]] के प्रजाति हवे। ई बैज्ञानिक बर्गीकरण में ''लैमिनासीए'' परिवार में आवे ला आ बड़हन साइज के, चौड़ी पतई वाला आ पतझड़ वाला फेड़ प्रजाति हवे। एकर लकड़ी मजबूत आ भारी होखे ले जेकरे चलते एकर इस्तेमाल इमारती लकड़ी के रूप में होला। एह में छोट-छोट खुशबूदार फूल फुलालें। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[सेखुआ]] {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:फेड़]] {{Tree-stub}} 5hdfwhrd676v091aorv78kthzqds9ka 0 86222 813980 784919 2026-11-06T13:01:08Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Shinzo Abe | native_name = {{nobold|安倍 晋三}} | native_name_lang = ja | image = Shinzō Abe 20200101.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2020 | office = जापान के प्रधानमंत्री | term_start = 26 दिसंबर 2012 | term_end = 16 सितंबर 2020 | birth_name = {{Nihongo|安倍晋三|Abe Shinzō}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1954|09|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = शिन्जुकु, टोकियो, जापान | death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|07|08|1954|09|21|df=yes}} | death_place = नारा प्रान्त, जापान | death_cause = गोली लागे से मौत | party = लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी | spouse = {{marriage|आकी आबे|1987}} | father = शिनतारो आबे | mother = योको आबे | residence = | alma_mater = {{ubl |[[Seikei University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) |[[University of Southern California]] (dropped out) }} | signature = Shinzō Abe signature.svg }}'''शिंजो अबे''' (21 सितंबर 1954 – 8 जुलाई 2022) एगो जापानी राजनीतिक नेता रहलें। ऊ 2006 से 2007 आ फेरू 2012 से 2020 ले [[जापान]] के प्रधानमंत्री रहलें।अबे 1996 से जापान के हाउस ऑफ़ रिप्रेजेंटेटिव के सदस्य रहलें। उ लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी के सदस्य रहलें। == प्रधानमंत्री के रूप में== ऊ 2006 में जुनिचिरो कोइजुमी के बाद, जापान के 90वाँ प्रधानमंत्री, बनलें।<ref name=BBC>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5380366.stm Abe elected as new Japan premier]", ''[[BBC News]]''. Shinto Abe Inaugurated as Japanese Prime Minister July 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqwpD05b?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5380366.stm |date=17 January 2010 }}</ref> हालाँकि, ऊ एक साल बाद 12 सितंबर 2007 के पद छोड़ दिहलें।<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/09/12/japan-pm-resignation.html "Embattled Japanese PM stepping down"] CBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2007. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416082658/http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/09/12/japan-pm-resignation.html |date=16 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6990519.stm "Japanese prime minister resigns"]''BBC News''. Retrieved 12 September 2007. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728175642/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6990519.stm |date=28 July 2011 }}</ref> इनके कार्यकाल खतम करे के बतावल कारण आफगानिस्तान में जापान के मिशन खातिर समर्थन के कमी रहल।<ref>[http://www.japanprobe.com/2008/01/12/why-did-prime-minister-abe-shinzo-resign-crippling-diarrhea/ "Why Did Prime Minister Abe Shinzo Resign? Crippling Diarrhea"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012001506/http://www.japanprobe.com/2008/01/12/why-did-prime-minister-abe-shinzo-resign-crippling-diarrhea/ |date=12 October 2012 }}, JapanProbe.com, 12 January 2008.</ref> हालांकि, उ पछिला कुछ महीना से कई गो संकट में भी शामिल रहले। साल 2012 में उनुका के एक बेर फेरू पार्टी के नेता बनावल गइल अउरी उनुकर पार्टी दिसंबर 2012 में भइल चुनाव में भारी अंतर से जीत गइल। एह से ऊ प्रधानमंत्री के रूप में वापस सत्ता में आ गइलें।<ref>{{cite web|author=Martin Fackler |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/world/asia/shinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html|title=Ex-Premier Is Chosen to Govern Japan Again |work=The New York Times |date=2012-12-26 |accessdate=2017-04-06}}</ref> साल 2019 में ऊ जापान के सभसे ढेर समय ले प्रधानमंत्री रहलें।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f4323946-0a9f-11ea-bb52-34c8d9dc6d84|title=Shinzo Abe becomes Japan's longest serving prime minister|last=Harding|first=Robin|date=2019-11-20|work=Financial Times|access-date=2019-11-22|language=en-UK}}</ref> इनके आर्थिक नीति सभ के ''एबेनोमिक्स'' के नाँव से जानल जाला। 28 अगस्त 2020 के अबे अल्सर कोलाइटिस के साथ खराब स्वास्थ्य के कारण प्रधानमंत्री पद से इस्तीफा देवे के योजना के घोषणा कइलें।<ref>{{cite news|title=Japan PM Abe announces his resignation at press conference |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/08/49143d2e31c6-breaking-news-abes-health-status-remains-unchanged-top-govt-spokesman.html|agency=Kyodo News|date=28 August 2020|accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref> इनके जगह 16 सितंबर 2020 के योशिहिदे सुगा के रखल गइल। ==निजी जिनगी== इनके जनम टोक्यो के शिंजुकु में भइल रहे, बाकी इनके क्षेत्र यामागुची प्रान्त में बा। ई उनकर पिता शिंतारो अबे से विरासत में मिलल रहे। उनकर दादा प्रधानमंत्री नोबुसुके किशी रहले। 1987 में इनके बियाह अकी अबे से भइल। ==हत्या== 8 जुलाई 2022 के जापान के नारा में भाषण देत घरी अबे के गर्दन आ छाती में गोली लागल रहे।<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-ex-prime-minister-abe-may-have-been-shot-taken-hospital-nhk-2022-07-08/ Japan ex-prime minister Abe taken to hospital after apparent shooting -NHK]</ref> शूटर नारा के रहे वाला 41 साल के आदमी तेत्सुया यामागामी रहलें।[9] अबे खून बहत घरी स्टेज पर गिर गइलें आ कार्डियोपल्मोनरी अरेस्ट हो गइल।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Japan-s-ex-PM-Shinzo-Abe-shot-reportedly-in-cardiac-arrest |title=Japan's ex-PM Shinzo Abe shot, reportedly in cardiac arrest |access-date=2022-07-08 |archive-date=2022-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708082716/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Japan-s-ex-PM-Shinzo-Abe-shot-reportedly-in-cardiac-arrest |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe collapsed, bleeding, during a speech in Nara City. A sound like a gunshot was heard. |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/crime-courts/20220708-43407/ |url-status=live |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=The Japan News}}</ref> एकरे बाद दिल के बिफलता के साथ जल्दी से अस्पताल में भरती हो गइलें आ इनके कौनों "जियतार रहे के संकेत" ना लउकल।<ref>{{Citation |title=Ex Japan PM Shot, Shows "No Vital Signs" After Attack: Reports {{!}} NDTV 24x7 Live TV |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C38YbsIj04o |language=en |access-date=2022-07-08}}</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/news/2022/07/07/shinzo-abe-shot-00044646 Japan's former PM Shinzo Abe reportedly shot, is in heart failure]</ref> शाम 5:03 बजे जेएसटी के खबर बाहर आइल कि उनुकर मौत हो गइल बा। डाक्टर लोग के कहनाम रहे कि बहुत ढेर खून के कमी के कारण इनके मौत हो गइल रहे आ गोली एतना गहिराई में घुस गइल रहे कि इनके दिल में घुस गइल रहे।<ref>{{cite news |title=Shinzo Abe dies after shooting in Japan |url=https://www.cnn.com/asia/live-news/shinzo-abe-japan-pm-collapses-nara-07-08-22-intl-hnk/index.html |accessdate=8 July 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=8 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:जापान के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:2022 में निधन]] mxvhppdaph0sx5x8k527ll4nuga0lbg 0 86669 814001 766273 2026-11-06T13:02:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शिवसेना''' भारत के एगो क्षेत्रीय राजनीतिक दल बा[1] जे मुख्य रूप से महाराष्ट्र राज्य में सक्रिय बा। एकर स्थापना 19 जून 1966 के एगो प्रमुख राजनीतिक कार्टूनकार बालासाहेब ठाकरे कइले रहलें। वर्तमान में एह पार्टी के लोकसभा में 18 गो, राज्यसभा में 3 गो आ महाराष्ट्र विधान सभा में 56 गो निर्वाचित सदस्य बाड़ें। एह टीम के लोगो बाघ बा। शिवसेना पूरा देश में एगो कट्टर हिन्दू राष्ट्रवादी पार्टी के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलहाल शिवसेना के नेतृत्व बालासाहेब ठाकरे के बेटा उद्धव ठाकरे करतारे अउरी उ महाराष्ट्र के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री के रूप में काम कइले बाड़े, फिलहाल एकनाथ शिंदे शिवसेना के असली अध्यक्ष बाड़े, 2/3 विधायक उनुका के नेता चुनले बाड़े . k3023p854yr6deg67zee8bqbor083zb 0 86746 814427 755347 2026-11-07T07:48:21Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सेरेना जमेका विलियम्स''' (जनम 26 सितंबर 1981) एगो अमेरिकी [[टेनिस]] खिलाड़ी हई। ई मेहरारू टेनिस एसोसिएशन (डब्ल्यूटीए) के रैंकिंग मे 319 हप्ता ले एकल विश्व नंबर 1 के रहल बाड़ी, जेह मे लगातार 186 हप्ता ले संयुक्त रिकार्ड रहल आ पाँच बेर साल के अंत नंबर 1 के रूप मे कइले बाड़ी। ई 23 गो ग्रांड स्लैम एकल खिताब जीतल बाड़ी, ई ओपन एरा के सभ खिलाड़ी से ढेर, आ हर समय के दुसरका सभसे जादे खिताब जीतल बाड़ी (मार्गरेट कोर्ट के 24 गो खिताब से पाछे)। [[श्रेणी:1981 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:टेनिस खेलाड़ी]] {{Sport-bio-stub}} 8gcsrh451ecv63bv0vgjw30bs16wrtq 0 86754 814049 724897 2026-11-06T13:41:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संघमित्ता''' ( [[संस्कृत]] मे '''संघमित्रा''', भिक्कुनी के नांव अयापाली; 282 ईसा पूर्व – 203 ईसा पूर्व) सम्राट [[अशोक|असोक]] (304 ईसा पूर्व – 232 ईसा पूर्व) आ उनकर पहिलकी मेहरारू देवी के सभसे बड़ धिआ रहली। ऊ अपना भाई [[महिंद]] के साथे मिल के बौद्ध भिक्खु लोग के बनली। बाद मे दुनो भाई-बहिन राजा [[देवनंपिय तिस्सा]] (250 ईसा पूर्व – 210 ईसा पूर्व), जे असोक के समकालीन रहलें, के निहोरा पऽ बुद्ध के सीख के पसारे ला [[श्रीलंका]] गइल लोग। असोक सुरू मे अपना बेटी के बिदेस मिसन पऽ भेजे से परहेज करत रहलें। बाकिर संगमित्रा के हठ के चलते बादि मे ऊ मान गइलें। राजा तिस्सा के निहोरा पऽ कय गो अउरी भिक्खुनी लोग के साथे उनका के भिक्खुनी सभ के एगो बौद्ध साखा चालू करे बदे [[श्रीलंका]] भेजल गइल, जेहसे रानी अनुला आ अनुराधापुरा मे तिस्सा के दरबार के अउरी सभ मेहरारू लोग के, [[महिंद]] से बौद्ध धरम के दिक्षा देके भिक्खुनी बनावल जा सके। [[श्रेणी:बौद्ध धर्म के इतिहास]] {{buddhism-stub}} {{bio-stub}} edehbp7n4j6yg8uqkrh49howdc4i39p 0 86781 814432 724917 2026-11-07T07:48:37Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सेलेस्टिन बियॉन्से नोवेल्स-लॉसन''' (जन्म बियॉन्से; जनम 4 जनवरी 1954) एगो अमेरिकी बयपारी, फैशन डिजाइनर आ परोपकारी बाड़ी जे हाउस ऑफ डेरियोन आ मिस टीना ब्रांड सभ के स्थापना ला जानल जाली। ई गायक [[बियोनसे]] आ [[सोलेंज नोवेल्स]] के महतारी हई आ, 2011 ले, इनकर बियाह ई लोग के पिता [[मैथ्यू नोवेल्स]] साथे रहे जे डेस्टिनीज चाइल्ड के मैनेजर रहलें। {{Bio-stub}} n322g1hppq1gsac7scjrq2eb4thwhf8 0 86823 814229 725342 2026-11-06T16:04:55Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिंहली''' ( සිංහල, सिहला), एगो [[इंडो-आर्यन भाषा|इंडो-आर्यन भासा]] हवे जेकरा [[श्रीलंका]] के [[सिंहली लोग]] बोलेला, जे लोग एह दीप के सभसे बड़ जातीय समूह हवे आ एकर संख्या लगभग 1.6 करोड़ बाटे। सिंहली, [[श्रीलंका]] के आन जातीय समूहो सभ आपन पहिलका भासा के रूप मे बोलेला, कुल मिला के 2001 ले लगभग 20 लाख लोग रहल। एकरा [[सिंहली लिपि]] मे लिखल जाला, जवन ब्राह्मी लिपि सभ मे से एगो हवे। {{Lang-stub}} a5n42mc91ys0mjsyh1voos8xe9qxqdw 0 86834 814143 755358 2026-11-06T15:52:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''समाजवादी पार्टी''' (छोट मे. सपा, एसपी; स्थापना: 4 अक्टूबर, 1992) [[भारत]] के एगो राजनीतिक पार्टी बाटे, जेकर मुख्यालय [[नई दिल्ली]] मे बाटे। ई मुख्य रूप से [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के दल हऽ। [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के राजनीतिक दल]] {{India-party-stub}} pr83b8go47g6hpw3aq3mu74tmrmxxh3 0 87036 814052 786963 2026-11-06T13:41:45Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Sanjay Mishra at the trailer launch of Meerutiya Gangsters.jpg|thumb|संजय मिश्रा]] '''संजय मिश्रा''' (जनम 6 अक्टूबर 1963) एगो [[भारत]]ीय अभिनेता बाड़ें जिनके मुख्य रूप से हिंदी सिनेमा आ टेलीविजन में काम करे खातिर जानल जाला।[2] नेशनल स्कूल ऑफ ड्रामा के पूर्व छात्र, ऊ 1995 में आइल फिलिम ओह डार्लिंग में अभिनय के शुरुआत कइलें! ये है भारत !. बाद के फिलिमन में राजकुमार (1996) आ सत्य (1998) के नाम शामिल बा. ऊ एप्पल सिंह के रूप में भी नजर अइलें, ई एगो "आइकॉन" रहल जेकर इस्तेमाल 1999 के क्रिकेट वर्ल्ड कप के दौरान ईएसपीएन स्टार स्पोर्ट्स द्वारा कइल गइल।[3][4] साल 2015 में इनके अंखोन देखी में इनके परफार्मेंस खातिर बेस्ट [[एक्टर]] (क्रिटिक्स) के फिलिमफेयर अवार्ड मिलल।[5] {{Actor-stub}} muqmits25covs47evw0sdyuy18trjlx 0 87042 813891 805377 2026-11-06T12:54:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | type = हिंदू | image = Vishvakarman, the architect of the universe.jpg | name = विश्वकर्मा <br>(बिसकरमा बाबा) | affiliation = [[देव (हिंदू धर्म)|देव]] | deity_of = देवलोक के आर्किटेक्ट<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishvakarma | title=Vishvakarma, Viśvakarmā, Viśvakarma, Vishvakarman, Viśvakarman, Vishva-karman: 26 definitions | date=19 December 2011 }}</ref> | abode = विश्वकर्मा लोक | mantra = ॐ विश्वकर्मणे नमः | weapon = तरजूई, [[कमंडल]], किताब, [[हथौड़ी]] आ [[छिन्नी]] | consort = गृताची चाहे गायत्री, भा तीन गो देवी लोग: रति, प्राप्ति आ नंदि | caption = विश्वकर्मा के एगो चित्र निरूपण | mount = {{ubl|[[बतख]] | [[हाथी]]}} | children = [[संजना]], [[त्रिशिरस|विश्वरूपा]], बर्हिस्मती, चित्रांगद, नल }} '''विश्वकर्मा''' भा '''विश्वकर्मण''' ('सब निर्माता'), चाहे आम बोलचाल में '''बिसकरमा''' एगो कारीगर देवता हवें आ समकालीन [[हिंदू धर्म]] में [[देव (हिंदू धर्म)|देवता]] लोगन के दिव्य शिल्पकार (आर्किटेक्ट) हवें। सुरुआती ग्रंथ सभ में कारीगर देवता के [[त्वस्तार]] के नाँव से जानल जाय आ मूल रूप से "विश्वकर्म" शब्द के इस्तेमाल कौनों भी शक्तिशाली देवता खातिर उपनाम के रूप में कइल जाय। हालाँकि, बाद के कई गो परंपरा सभ में विश्वकर्मा के नाँव कारीगर देवता के भ गइल। परंपरा अनुसार [[बिसकरमा पुजा]] भा बिसकरमा जयंती के रूप में इनके जनम दिन हर साल भारत आ नेपाल में 17 सितंबर के मनावल जाला जहिया सुरुज [[हिंदू कलेंडर]] के [[निरयन सिस्टम]] के हिसाब से [[कन्या राशि]] में प्रवेश करे लें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू देवी-देवता]] {{Hinduism-stub}} 1rcbkkjyub5mqc7kobut4gg8nh24gtx 0 87190 813845 726631 2026-11-06T12:51:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813845 wikitext text/x-wiki कैनेडी जॉन विक्टर (जनम 17 अप्रैल 1966), जेकरा के इनके स्टेज नाँव विक्रम से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय अभिनेता आ प्लेबैक गायक बाड़ें जे मुख्य रूप से तमिल सिनेमा में काम करे लें आ मलयालम, तेलुगु आ हिंदी फिलिम सभ में भी अभिनय कइले बाड़ें। ऊ तमिल सिनेमा के सभसे ढेर सजल कलाकार लोग में गिनल जालें, इनहन के सात गो फिलिमफेयर अवार्ड साउथ, एगो नेशनल फिल्म अवार्ड आ एगो तमिलनाडु स्टेट फिल्म अवार्ड सामिल बाड़ें। इनके अउरी सम्मान सभ में 2004 में तमिलनाडु सरकार के ओर से कलाइममणि पुरस्कार आ मई 2011 में मिलान के लोकप्रिय विश्वविद्यालय से मानद डॉक्टरेट[3][4][5] भी सामिल बा।भारतीय हस्ती लोग के कमाई के आधार पर विक्रम के सामिल कइल गइल फोर्ब्स इंडिया सेलिब्रिटी 100 के लिस्ट में 2016 आ 2018 खातिर दिहल गइल बा।[6] ऊ अपना फिलिम सभ में कई किसिम के भूमिका निभवलें आ भारतीय सिनेमा के सभसे ढेर कलाकार लोग में गिनल जालें।[7] {{Actor-stub}} kzbrxk5k2lfje9ha8d3vq4v8y5uiroc 0 87723 814139 810472 2026-11-06T15:52:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=समसपुर चिरई बिहार <br> Samaspur Bird Sanctuary|alt_name=|photo=Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Raebareli.jpg|photo_alt=|photo_caption=समसपुर नमभूमि के पैनोरमिक सीन|photo_width=|map=India Uttar Pradesh#India|relief=1|map_alt=|map_caption=उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन|map_width=|coordinates={{coords|25|59|45|N|81|23|30|E|region:IN-UP_dim:5000|display=inline,title}}|location=सलोन, [[रायबरेली]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]]|nearest_city=[[रायबरेली]] & [[लखनऊ]]|area=799.4 ha|established=1987|visitation_num=|visitation_year=|governing_body=[[भारत सरकार]]|world_heritage_site=|website=|embedded={{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Samaspur Bird Sanctuary | designation1_date = 3 October 2019 | designation1_number = 2415<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Samaspur Bird Sanctuary|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2415|accessdate=3 February 2020}}</ref>}}}} '''समसपुर चिरई बिहार''' चाहे '''समसपुर पक्षी अभयारण्य''' भारत के उत्तर प्रदेश के [[रायबरेली जिला]] में सैलून के लगे लखनऊ-वाराणसी राजमार्ग पर [[लखनऊ]] से लगभग 122 किमी दूर स्थित एगो संरक्षित इलाका हवे। एकर स्थापना 1987 में लगभग 780&nbsp;हेक्टेयर जमीन पर भइल रहे। नजदीकी रेलवे स्टेशन [[उंचाहार]] आ नजदीकी हवाई अड्डा फुरसतगंज बा। एहिजा 250 से ढेर किसिम के चिरई सभ के देखल जा सके ला, इनहन में से कुछ लोग ओहिजा पहुँचे खातिर 5000&nbsp;किमी से ढेर के सफर करे ला जेह में ग्रेलैग हंस, पिंटेल, आम टील, यूरेशियन विजन, उत्तरी शोवेलर, आ रुडी शेल्डक (सुरखाब) सामिल बाड़ें। स्थानीय चिरई सभ में नॉब-बिल्ड डक, लेसर व्हिसलिंग-डक, इंडियन स्पॉट-बिल्ड डक, यूरेशियन स्पूनबिल, किंगफिशर आ [[गिद्ध]] सभ के नाँव गिनावल जाला। समसपुर के झील में बारह किसिम के मछरी बाड़ी सऽ। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221120160605/https://www.india9.com/i9show/Samaspur-Bird-Sanctuary-23359.htm www.india9.com/i9show/समसपुर-पक्षी-अभयारण्य-23359.htm] * {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090410071347/http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/newsletter/birdsanctury/ch40703.htm|title=cpcbenvis.nic.in/newsletter/birdsanctury/ch40703.htm|date=2009-04-10}} {{Protected areas in Uttar Pradesh}} {{Ramsar sites in India}} [[श्रेणी:भारत में रामसर साइट]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के पक्षी बिहार]] [[श्रेणी:जवन निर्देशांक विकिडेटा पर मौजूद बाटे]] [[श्रेणी:रायबरेली जिला]] {{UP-geo-stub}} hxgvp3fcl00c9cu025iazjbqzqsqgvf 0 88353 813961 735008 2026-11-06T12:59:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''शहज़ादा''''' एगो आवे वाली भारतीय हिंदी भाषा के एक्शन ड्रामा फिलिम बा जेकर निर्देशन [[रोहित धवन]] कइले बाड़ें आ टी-सीरीज फिल्म्स, हरिका एंड हसीने क्रिएशंस, गीता आर्ट्स, ब्रैट फिल्म्स द्वारा निर्मित बा। अभिनेता [[कार्तिक आर्यन]] के प्रोडक्शन डेब्यू के निशानी बनावे वाली एह फिलिम में उनुकर मुख्य भूमिका [[कृति सैनन]], [[परेश रावल]], [[मनीषा कोइराला]], [[रोनित राय]] आ [[सचिन खेडेकर]] का साथे बा. ई 2020 के तेलुगु फिलिम आला वैकुण्ठपुरमुलू के रीमेक हवे। {{Hindi-film-stub}} rgbjj1y95ypvjiz7obs9tdt2ntd71v3 0 88355 814265 811486 2026-11-06T17:45:13Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा +[[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु]]; +[[श्रेणी:तमिल]], सुधार कइल गइल, सफाई कइल गइल 814265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''तमिल सिनेमा''' ({{Langx|en|Tamil cinema}}), जेकरा के '''कोलीवुड''' भी कहल जाला, [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] के हिस्सा हवे; मुख्य रूप से [[तमिल भाषा]] में फिलिम सभ के निर्माण करे ला। [[तमिलनाडु]] के [[चेन्नई]] (पहिले [[मद्रास]]) में कोडम्बक्कम मोहल्ला से बाहर आधारित, एकरा के पॉपुलर रूप से कोलीवुड कहल जाला, जे कोडम्बक्कम आ हॉलीवुड शब्दन के ''पोर्टमैंट'' शब्द हवे। पहिली तमिल [[साइलेंट फिलिम]] ''कीचका वधाम'' के डाइरेक्शन आर नटराज मुदलियार द्वारा 1918 में कइल गइल। पहिली आवाज वाली तमिल फीचर फिलिम ''कालिदास'', एच एम रेड्डी द्वारा निर्देशित बहुभाषी फिलिम 31 अक्टूबर 1931 के रिलीज भइल, भारत के पहिली आवाज वाली मोशन पिक्चर ''[[आलम आरा]]'' के सात महीना से भी कम समय बाद। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु|सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल|सिनेमा]] ag9sdwio0yw7bqpllpndt2nll8e4b1u 814266 814265 2026-11-06T17:46:09Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''तमिल सिनेमा''' ({{Langx|en|Tamil cinema}}), जेकरा के '''कोलीवुड''' ({{Langx|en|Kollywood}}) भी कहल जाला, [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] के हिस्सा हवे; मुख्य रूप से [[तमिल भाषा]] में फिलिम सभ के निर्माण करे ला। [[तमिलनाडु]] के [[चेन्नई]] (पहिले [[मद्रास]]) में कोडम्बक्कम मोहल्ला से बाहर आधारित, एकरा के पॉपुलर रूप से कोलीवुड कहल जाला, जे कोडम्बक्कम आ हॉलीवुड शब्दन के ''पोर्टमैंट'' शब्द हवे। पहिली तमिल [[साइलेंट फिलिम]] ''कीचका वधाम'' के डाइरेक्शन आर नटराज मुदलियार द्वारा 1918 में कइल गइल। पहिली आवाज वाली तमिल फीचर फिलिम ''कालिदास'', एच एम रेड्डी द्वारा निर्देशित बहुभाषी फिलिम 31 अक्टूबर 1931 के रिलीज भइल, भारत के पहिली आवाज वाली मोशन पिक्चर ''[[आलम आरा]]'' के सात महीना से भी कम समय बाद। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु|सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल|सिनेमा]] e1x1si2j14f97mm8qc2cu8ocbvfelqy 814267 814266 2026-11-06T17:46:33Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 814267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indian cinema}} '''तमिल सिनेमा''' ({{Langx|en|Tamil cinema}}), जेकरा के '''कोलीवुड''' ({{Langx|en|Kollywood}}) भी कहल जाला, [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] के हिस्सा हवे; मुख्य रूप से [[तमिल भाषा]] में फिलिम सभ के निर्माण करे ला। [[तमिलनाडु]] के [[चेन्नई]] (पहिले [[मद्रास]]) में कोडम्बक्कम मोहल्ला से बाहर आधारित, एकरा के पॉपुलर रूप से कोलीवुड कहल जाला, जे कोडम्बक्कम आ हॉलीवुड शब्दन के ''पोर्टमैंट'' शब्द हवे। पहिली तमिल [[साइलेंट फिलिम]] ''कीचका वधाम'' के डाइरेक्शन आर नटराज मुदलियार द्वारा 1918 में कइल गइल। पहिली आवाज वाली तमिल फीचर फिलिम ''कालिदास'', एच एम रेड्डी द्वारा निर्देशित बहुभाषी फिलिम 31 अक्टूबर 1931 के रिलीज भइल, भारत के पहिली आवाज वाली मोशन पिक्चर ''[[आलम आरा]]'' के सात महीना से भी कम समय बाद। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु|सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल|सिनेमा]] 06lkek47aaobzlin750btoxc0x2uja1 0 88464 814048 748409 2026-11-06T13:41:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox government agency | name = संघ लोक सेवा आयोग | native_name = <!-- No native name as per [[WP:NOINDICSCRIPTS]] --> | native_name_a = <!-- No native name as per [[WP:NOINDICSCRIPTS]] --> | native_name_r = <!-- No native name as per [[WP:NOINDICSCRIPTS]] --> | type = आयोग | seal = | seal_size = | seal_caption = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | image = Emblem of India.svg | image_size = 100px | image_caption = भारतीय प्रतिक चिन्हा | formed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|1926|10|01}} | preceding1 = संघीय लोक सेवा आयोग | preceding2 = लोक सेवा आयोग | dissolved = | superseding1 = <!-- up to <nowiki>|</nowiki>superseding6= --> | jurisdiction = [[भारत| भारतऽगणराज्य]] | headquarters = [[धोलपुर]], [[शाहजहा पथ]], [[न्यू दिल्ली]] | coordinates = {{coord|28.6080|77.2269|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | motto = | employees = | budget = | minister1_name = | minister1_pfo = [[जनोरहन मंत्रालय]] | chief1_name = डॉ मनोज सोनी | chief1_position =<br> ({{small|अध्यक्ष}}) | chief2_name = | chief2_position = | chief3_name = | chief3_position = | chief4_name = | chief4_position = | chief5_name = | chief5_position = | chief6_name = | chief6_position = | chief7_name = | chief7_position = | chief8_name = | chief8_position = | chief9_name = | chief9_position = | parent_department = [[भारत सरकार]] | child1_agency = [[लोक सेवा आयोग]] | keydocument1 = <!-- up to <nowiki>|</nowiki>keydocument6= --> | website = {{URL|upsc.gov.in}} | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | footnotes = | service = | embed = }}'''संघ लोक सेवा आयोग''' जेकरा के सामान्य रूप से '''यूपीएससी''' के रूप में चिन्हल जाला, [[भारत]] [[भारत सरकार|सरकार]] के समूह 'ए' के अधिकारीयन बहाली खातिर भारत के प्रमुख [[भारत सरकार|केंद्रीय भर्ती संस्था]] बा। lt2u2d74o02754f7p974i7b89ifzhjc 0 88555 813849 740848 2026-11-06T12:51:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{notability}} '''विजय नायक रामायण'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=NestDesk |title=अपनी भाषा भोजपुरी में सुनिए रघुबीर नारायण द्वारा रचित "विजयी नायक रामायण", बेजोड़ से हुआ रिलीज़ |url=https://www.nextbihar.com/bhojpuri-ramayan-released-by-bejod-channel/ |work=Next Bihar |publisher=Next Project |date=5 सितंबर 2021}}</ref> ({{Script|Kthi| 𑂫𑂱𑂔𑂨 𑂢𑂰𑂨𑂍 𑂩𑂰𑂧𑂰𑂨𑂝}})<ref>{{cite web |title=VIJAY NAYAK RAMAYAN {{!}} PRABHAKAR PANDEY {{!}} NEETU N SRIVASTAVA {{!}} NITIN NEERA CHANDRA {{!}} R2MI |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6ztxA-PuNo |website=यू ट्युब |publisher=NITIN NEERA CHANDRA |access-date=5 सितंबर 2021 |language=en}}</ref> 19वा सदी के प्रारंभ में [[रघुवीर नारायण|श्री रघुवीर नारायण]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=यह रघुवीर नारायण कौन है?|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saran-8417681.html|date=30 October 2011|website=Jagran}}</ref> द्वारा लिखऽल [[भोजपुरी साहित्य]] के अलौकिक रचना बा। भोजपुरी भाषा में लिखऽल ई रामायण [[वाल्मीकि|महर्षि वाल्मीकि]] द्वारा [[संस्कृत|संस्कृत भाषा]] में लिखऽल [[रामायण|रामायणम्]] महाकाव्य पर आधारित बा। ई विजय नायक रामायण मूररूप से [[कैथी|कैथी लिपि]] में लिखऽल गइल बा। [[भोजपुरी गीत संगीत]] भारत के सभसे समृद्ध [[लोक संगीत]] बा जवना में गायन के 50गो से बेसी रूप बा। [[रामायण|रामायणम्]] गायन [[भोजपुरी क्षेत्र]] के एगो युगन पुरान परंपरा बा। {{Infobox religious text |title= |image= Another view of the scene.jpg |caption= भरत राम के खराव के आदरपूर्वक स्वीकार करऽतारे, जवना के ऊ अपना शासनकाल के दौरान सिंहासन पर बइठा दिहें। |author=[[रघुवीर नारायण]] |religion=[[हिन्दू]] |language=[[भोजपुरी]] |period= प्रारम्भिक 19वा सदी |verses= |chapters= }} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी साहित्य]] rbtpdkxud4vxvxhd40n8emwj2il42dz 0 88989 814004 803353 2026-11-06T13:02:56Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}} '''शीत जुद्ध''' एगो शब्द हवे जेकर परयोग आमतौर पर [[अमेरिका]] आ [[सोवियत यूनियन|सोवियत संघ]] आ इनहन के अपना-अपना सहयोगी देस सभ पच्छिमी ब्लॉक आ पूरबी ब्लॉक के बीच भूराजनीतिक तनाव के दौर के कहल जाला। ''शीत युद्ध'' शब्द के प्रयोग एह से कइल गइल बा काहे कि दुनो महाशक्ति के बीच सीधे कवनो बड़ पैमाना पऽ लड़ाई ना भइल रहे, लेकिन ई लोग हर एक प्रमुख क्षेत्रीय संघर्ष में विरोधी पक्ष के समर्थन कइले रहे जवना के प्रॉक्सी युद्ध के नाम से जानल जाला। ई संघर्ष एह दुनों महाशक्ति सभ द्वारा वैश्विक परभाव खातिर वैचारिक आ भूराजनीतिक संघर्ष पर आधारित रहल, १९४५ में नाजी जर्मनी आ शाही जापान के खिलाफ इनहन लोग के अस्थायी गठबंधन आ जीत के बाद परमाणु शस्त्रागार के विकास आ परंपरागत सैन्य तैनाती के अलावा, वर्चस्व के संघर्ष के अप्रत्यक्ष तरीका से व्यक्त कइल गइल जईसे कि मनोवैज्ञानिक युद्ध, प्रचार अभियान, जासूसी, दूरगामी नाकाबंदी, खेल आयोजन में प्रतिद्वंद्विता आ अंतरिक्ष दौड़ जइसन तकनीकी प्रतियोगिता। पच्छिम ब्लॉक के नेतृत्व अमेरिका के साथे साथे कई गो अउरी पहिला दुनिया के रास्ट्र भी करत रहे जवन आम तौर पर उदार लोकतांत्रिक रहे लेकिन अक्सर निरंकुश राज्यन के नेटवर्क से जुड़ल रहे, जवना में से अधिकतर ओह लोग के पूर्व उपनिवेश रहे। {{Sfn|G. Jones|2014|pp=176–179}} {{Efn-ua|[https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/11/economist-explains-16 "Where did banana republics get their name?" ''The Economist'', 21 November 2013]}} पूरबी ब्लॉक के नेतृत्व सोवियत संघ आ एकरे कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी द्वारा कइल गइल जेकर परभाव पूरा दुसरी दुनिया में रहल आ निरंकुश राज्य सभ के नेटवर्क से भी जुड़ल रहल। अमेरिकी सरकार पूरा दुनिया में कम्युनिस्ट आ दक्षिणपंथी विरोधी सरकार आ विद्रोह के समर्थन कइलस जबकि सोवियत सरकार दुनिया भर में वामपंथी दल आ क्रांति के फंडिंग कइलस जइसे-जइसे लगभग सभ औपनिवेशिक राज्य 1945 से 1960 के दौरान आजादी हासिल कइलें, शीत युद्ध में कई गो तीसरी दुनिया के लड़ाई के मैदान बन गइलें। शीत युद्ध के पहिला चरण १९४५ में [[दुसरा बिस्व जुद्ध]] के खतम होखे के कुछ समय बाद नाँव। अमेरिका अउरी ओकर सहयोगी देस १९४९ में सोवियत हमला के आशंका में [[नाटो|नाटो के]] सैन्य गठबंधन बनवले रहे अउरी सोवियत प्रभाव के ''रोकथाम'' के खिलाफ आपन वैश्विक नीति के नाम देले रहे। सोवियत संघ नाटो के जवाब में १९५५ में वारसॉ पैक्ट के गठन कइले रहे| एह चरण के प्रमुख संकट सभ में १९४८–१९४९ के बर्लिन नाकाबंदी, १९४५–१९४९ के चीनी कम्युनिस्ट क्रांति, १९५०–१९५३ के कोरियाई युद्ध, १९५६ के हंगरी क्रांति, १९५६ के स्वेज संकट, १९६१ के बर्लिन संकट, १९६२ के क्यूबा मिसाइल संकट, आ... १९६४-१९७५ के वियतनाम युद्ध के बारे में बतावल गइल बा अमेरिका अउरी सोवियत संघ के बीच लैटिन अमेरिका, [[मध्य पूरुब|मध्य पूर्व]] अउरी अफ्रीका, एशिया अउरी ओशिनिया के विउपनिवेशीकरण राज्यन में प्रभाव खातिर होड़ लागल रहे। क्यूबा के मिसाइल संकट के बाद एगो नया चरण शुरू भइल जवना में चीन आ सोवियत संघ के बीच चीन-सोवियत के बंटवारा कम्युनिस्ट क्षेत्र के भीतर संबंध के जटिल बना दिहलस, जवना के चलते सीमा पर कई गो मुठभेड़ के सिलसिला सुरू हो गइल, जबकि पच्छिमी ब्लॉक के एगो राज्य फ्रांस अउरी के मांग करे लागल कार्रवाई के स्वायत्तता के बारे में बतावल गइल बा। १९६८ के प्राग वसंत के दबावे खातिर सोवियत संघ चेकोस्लोवाकिया पर हमला कइलस जबकि अमेरिका के नागरिक अधिकार आंदोलन अउरी वियतनाम युद्ध के विरोध से आंतरिक उथल-पुथल के सामना करे के पड़ल। १९६०–१९७० के दशक में दुनिया भर के नागरिकन के बीच एगो अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शांति आंदोलन जड़ जमा लिहलस। परमाणु हथियार के परीक्षण के बिरूद्ध अउरी परमाणु निरस्त्रीकरण खातिर आंदोलन भइल, जवना में युद्ध विरोधी बड़हन विरोध प्रदर्शन भइल | १९७० के दशक ले दुनों पक्ष शांति आ सुरक्षा खातिर भत्ता देवे शुरू क देले रहलें आ एह से डिटेन्ट के दौर के सुरुआत भइल जेह में सामरिक हथियार सीमा वार्ता आ अमेरिका [[चीन|के पीपुल्स रिपब्लिक ऑफ चीन]] के साथ संबंध खोलल सोवियत संघ के सामरिक प्रतिकार के रूप में देखल गइल। १९७० के दसक के दूसरा छमाही में अंगोला, मोजाम्बिक, इथियोपिया, कंबोडिया, अफगानिस्तान आ निकारागुआ समेत कई गो स्वघोषित मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी सरकार के गठन भइल। दशक के अंत में १९७९ में सोवियत-अफगान युद्ध के सुरुआत के साथ डिटेन्ट के पतन हो गइल। 1980 के दशक के शुरुआत एगो अउरी दौर रहे जवना में तनाव बढ़ल रहे| अमेरिका सोवियत संघ पर कूटनीतिक, सैन्य अउरी आर्थिक दबाव बढ़ा दिहलस, ओह समय जब ऊ पहिले से ही आर्थिक ठहराव से ग्रस्त रहे। 1980 के दशक के बीच में, नयका सोवियत नेता [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोरबाचेव]] ''ग्लासनोस्ट'' ("खुलापन", लगभग १९८५) आ ''पेरेस्ट्रोइका'' ("पुनर्गठन", १९८७) के उदारीकरण करे वाला सुधार के सुरुआत कइलें आ १९८९ में अफगानिस्तान में सोवियत सामिल के खतम कइलें। पूरबी यूरोप में राष्ट्रीय संप्रभुता के दबाव अउरी मजबूत हो गइल आ गोरबाचेव अब ओह लोग के सरकारन के सैन्य समर्थन देबे से मना कर दिहलन। १९८९ में पैन-यूरोपीय पिकनिक के बाद लोहा के पर्दा के गिरल आ क्रांति के शांतिपूर्ण लहर ( रोमानिया आ अफगानिस्तान के छोड़ के) पूरबी ब्लॉक के लगभग सगरी सरकार सभ के उखाड़ फेंक दिहलस। सोवियत संघ के कम्युनिस्ट दल खुद एह देस पर नियंत्रण खो दिहलस आ अगस्त १९९१ में गर्भपात करावे वाला तख्तापलट के कोशिश के बाद एकरा पर रोक लगा दिहल गइल। एकरे बाद दिसंबर १९९१ में सोवियत संघ के औपचारिक बिघटन भइल, एकरे घटक गणराज्य सभ के आजादी भइल आ अफिरका आ एशिया के बहुत सारा हिस्सा में साम्यवादी सरकार सभ के पतन भइल। अमेरिका के दुनिया के एकमात्र महाशक्ति के रूप में छोड़ दिहल गइल। शीत जुद्ध आ एकर घटना एगो महत्वपूर्ण विरासत छोड़ले बा। एकरा के अक्सर लोकप्रिय संस्कृति में संदर्भित कइल जाला, खासतौर पर जासूसी आ परमाणु युद्ध के खतरा के बिसय सभ के साथ। बाद के इतिहास खातिर 1989 के बाद से अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध देखल जाय। ly2ja06gtro757o2u9yoam2blen014y 0 88993 813910 754532 2026-11-06T12:55:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = प्रचार के पोस्टर | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Comedy horror]] * [[Coming of age story|Coming-of-age]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Wednesday Addams Live-Action Series From Tim Burton Ordered By Netflix; Al Gough & Miles Millar To Showrun |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/wednesday-addams-live-action-series-tim-burton-netflix-al-gough-miles-millar-to-showrun-1234695553/ |access-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224105039/https://deadline.com/2021/02/wednesday-addams-live-action-series-tim-burton-netflix-al-gough-miles-millar-to-showrun-1234695553/ |archive-date=December 24, 2022}}</ref> * [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]] }} | creator = {{Plainlist| * [[Alfred Gough]] * [[Miles Millar]] }} | director = <!--Left empty because episodes have varying directors--> | writer = | based_on = {{Based on|[[The Addams Family|Characters]]|[[Charles Addams]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Jenna Ortega]] * [[Gwendoline Christie]] * [[Riki Lindhome]] * [[Jamie McShane]] * [[Hunter Doohan]] * [[Percy Hynes White]] * [[Emma Myers]] * [[Joy Sunday]] * [[Georgie Farmer]] * Naomi J. Ogawa * Moosa Mostafa * [[Christina Ricci]] <!-- Starring cast order is according to original credits (the pilot episode). Do NOT rearrange cast order, per [[MOS:TVCAST]]. In addition, new starring cast members will be at the bottom of the list. --> }} | theme_music_composer = [[Danny Elfman]] | composer = {{Plainlist| * Danny Elfman * [[Chris Bacon (composer)|Chris Bacon]] }} | country = अमेरिका | language = अङरेजी | num_seasons = 1<!--Only increment as a new season has been released, per the documentation of the template!--> | num_episodes = 8<!--Only increment as a new episode has been released, per the documentation of the template!--> | list_episodes = | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Alfred Gough * Miles Millar * [[Tim Burton]] * [[Steve Stark]] * Andrew Mittman * [[Gail Berman]] * Kayla Alpert * [[Jonathan Glickman]] * Tommy Harper * Kevin Lafferty * Kevin Miserocchi }} | producer = [[कारमेन पेपेलिया]] | editor = {{Plainlist| * Jay Prychidny * Ana Yavari * Paul Day }} | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * David Lanzenberg * Stephan Pehrsson }} | runtime = 46–57 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[MGM Television]] * Millar Gough Ink * [[Tim Burton Productions]] * Toluca Pictures }} | distributor = [[Netflix Streaming Services]] | network = [[नेटफ्लिक्स]] | picture_format = | audio_format = | last_aired = <!--Netflix shows do not air in the traditional sense; discuss at talk before changing--> | show_name = वेडनेसडे }} '''वेंस्डे''' एगो अमेरिकी कमिंग-ऑफ-एज अलौकिक कॉमेडी हॉरर [[स्ट्रीमिंग टेलीविजन]] सीरीज हवे जे चार्ल्स एडम्स के किरदार वेंस्डे एडम्स पर आधारित बा। अल्फ्रेड गफ आ माइल्स मिलर द्वारा बनावल गइल एह में जेना ओर्टेगा टाइटिल किरदार के रूप में मुख्य भूमिका में बाड़ी, ग्वेंडोलिन क्रिस्टी, रिकी लिंडहोम, जेमी मैकशेन, हंटर दूहान, पर्सी हाइन्स व्हाइट, एम्मा मायर्स, जॉय संडे, जॉर्जी फार्मर, नाओमी जे ओगावा, क्रिस्टीना रिची के साथ, आ मूसा मोस्तफा सहायक भूमिका में नजर अइले. आठ में से चार गो एपिसोड के निर्देशन टिम बर्टन कइले बाड़ें, जे कार्यकारी निर्माता के रूप में भी काम करे लें। ई वेंस्डे एडम्स के इर्द-गिर्द घूमेला, जे अपना नयका स्कूल में एगो राक्षस रहस्य के सुलझावे के कोशिश करेले। बर्टन से पहिले 1991 के फिलिम के निर्देशन खातिर संपर्क कइल गइल रहे आ ऊ एगो रद्द स्टॉप-मोशन एनिमेटेड ''द एडम्स फैमिली'' फिलिम से जुड़ल रहलें। अक्टूबर 2020 में, इनके एगो टेलीविजन सीरीज के हेलिंग करे के खबर आइल, जेकरा के बाद में [[नेटफ्लिक्स]] द्वारा सीरीज के ऑर्डर दिहल गइल। ओर्टेगा के कुछ हिस्सा एह किरदार के लैटिना बिरासत के प्रतिनिधित्व करे खातिर चुनल गइल। रिची, जे 1991 के फिलिम आ एकरे 1993 के सीक्वल में टाइटिल किरदार निभवले रहलें, बर्टन द्वारा एह सीरीज में सहायक भूमिका में शामिल होखे के कहल गइल। फिल्मांकन [[रोमानिया]] में सितंबर 2021 से मार्च 2022 के बीच भइल। ''वेंस्डे'' प्रीमियर 16 नवंबर 2022 के भइल आ नेटफ्लिक्स पर 23 नवंबर के रिलीज भइल आ समीक्षक लोग के मुख्य रूप से सकारात्मक समीक्षा मिलल आ ऊ लोग ओर्टेगा के परफार्मेंस के तारीफ कइल।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movieweb.com/wednesday-reviews-praise-jenna-ortega-titular-addams-family-member/|title=''Wednesday'' Reviews Praise Jenna Ortega as the Titular Addams Family Member|last=Fuge|first=Jonathan|date=November 18, 2022|website=[[MovieWeb]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130130250/https://movieweb.com/wednesday-reviews-praise-jenna-ortega-titular-addams-family-member/|archive-date=November 30, 2022|access-date=November 24, 2022}}</ref> रिलीज के तीन हप्ता के भीतर ई अंग्रेजी भाषा के नेटफ्लिक्स सीरीज के दुसरा सभसे ढेर देखल जाए वाली सीरीज बन गइल। एकरा के गोल्डन ग्लोब के दू गो नामांकन मिलल: बेस्ट टेलीविजन सीरीज — म्यूजिकल भा कॉमेडी आ बेस्ट एक्ट्रेस — टेलीविजन सीरीज म्यूजिकल भा कॉमेडी फॉर ओर्टेगा। जनवरी 2023 में एह सीरीज के दुसरा सीजन खातिर रिन्यू कइल गइल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टीवी सीरीज]] {{Tv-prog-stub}} ap2jhp0kd4c4ju04m40b3bfwnwdt0rz 0 88995 814031 787696 2026-11-06T13:05:10Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | genre = [[नाटक]] <br> [[Romance film|Romance]] <br> [[परिवार]] | writer = | director = Saibal Banerjee <br> Diganta Sinha | creative_director = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]] | starring = [[Indrani Haldar]]<br> [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]]<br> Sudip Mukherjee<br> [[Ushasie Chakraborty]]<br> Saptarshi Maulik <br>Roosha Chatterjee <br>Aishi Bhattacharya <br>Arnab Banerjee | theme_music_composer = Debojyoti Mishra | opentheme = ''Sreemoyee'' by [[Anweshaa]] | endtheme = | composer = | country = भारत | language = बंगाली | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 834 | executive_producer = Debolina Mukhopadhyay <br> Sumit Kumar Roy <br> (Magic Moments Motion Pictures)<br> Taniya, Supriyo (Star Jalsha) | producer = Saibal Banerjee | editor = Sameer <br> Soumen | cinematography = Parmatma Yadav | camera = Multi-camera | runtime = 22 minutes | company = [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]] | distributor = [[Star India]] <br> [[Novi Digital Entertainment]] | network = [[Star Jalsha]] | picture_format = [[576i]]<br>[[HDTV]] [[1080i]] | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2019|6|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2021|12|19}} | preceded_by = | followed_by = | related = ''[[Aai Kuthe Kay Karte]]'' <br> ''[[Anupamaa]]'' | show_name = }} '''''श्रीमोयी''''' एगो भारतीय बंगाली धारावाहिक ह जवन स्टार जलशा पर प्रसारित भइल आ [[डिज्नी+ हॉटस्टार]] पर भी डिजिटल रूप से उपलब्ध बा। एकर निर्माण मैजिक मोमेंट्स मोशन पिक्चर्स प्रा.लि.लिमिटेड के सैबल बनर्जी आ लीना गंगोपाध्याय,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/star-jalsha-launches-new-fiction-sreemoyee/|title=Star Jalsha launches new fiction 'Sreemoyee'|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2019-06-11|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=}}</ref> जेकर प्रीमियर 10 जून 2019 के भइल। एह शो में इंद्राणी हलदार<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/indrani-halder-back-on-the-small-screen-with-her-new-serial-sreemoyee/articleshow/69702597.cms|title=Indrani Halder back on the small screen with her new serial, Sreemoyee|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref> टाइटिल रोल में मुख्य भूमिका में रहली। ढाई साल के सफल रन के बाद ई 19 दिसंबर 2021 के ऑफ एयर हो गइल<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/indrani-halder-tota-roy-choudhury-starrer-sreemoyee-to-end-on-december-19-new-show-gantchhora-to-take-it-s-place-31639110239467.html|title=ঠিক হয়ে গেল দিনক্ষণ, কবে সফর শেষ শ্রীময়ীর? সন্ধ্যে ৭টার স্লটেই আসছে 'গাঁটছড়া'|date=2021-12-10|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn|access-date=|archive-date=2023-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220125204/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/indrani-halder-tota-roy-choudhury-starrer-sreemoyee-to-end-on-december-19-new-show-gantchhora-to-take-it-s-place-31639110239467.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय टेलीविजन धारावाहिक]] {{Tv-prog-stub}} 19a5xlteprk4hcvvswgwz5gr4edd7uf 0 88996 813935 754613 2026-11-06T12:57:45Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = वोखा | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = ''लैंड ऑफ़ प्लेंटी'' | settlement_type = [[नगर]] | image_skyline = Wokha Town.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = वोखा कस्बा के नजारा | pushpin_map = India Nagaland | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = नागालैंड में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|26.1|N|94.27|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = देस | subdivision_name = {{झंडा|भारत}} | subdivision_type1 = [[भारत के राज्य अउरी संघ राज्यक्षेत्र|राज्य]] | subdivision_name1 = [[नागालैंड]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के जिला|जिला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[वोखा जिला]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1313 | population_total = 35,004 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = <ref name="2011census"/> | demographics_type1 = भाषा | demographics1_title1 = ऑफिशियल | demographics1_info1 = [[अंग्रेजी]] | timezone1 = [[भारतीय मानक समय|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[पिनकोड]] | postal_code = 797111 | registration_plate = NL-05 | website = {{URL|nagaland.gov.in}} | footnotes = }} '''वोखा''' भारत के [[नागालैंड]] राज्य में एगो कस्बा आ [[नगरपालिका]] बा। ई [[वोखा जिला]] के मुख्यालय हवे आ लगभग 75 में स्थित बा राज्य के राजधानी [[कोहिमा]] से किमी उत्तर में बा। वोखा के शाब्दिक मतलब होला लोथा भाषा में ''सिर गिनती'' भा ''जनगणना''। एकर आबादी 35,004 बा<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801456-wokha-nagaland.html|title=Wokha City Population Census 2011 - Nagaland|date=2015|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> आ एह में मुख्य रूप से लोथा नागा लोग निवास करे ला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:नागालैंड के शहर आ कस्बा]] {{India-geo-stub}} j6xr58d9ajv6mvjpdmywpxg0y5llbd3 0 89014 814433 733498 2026-11-07T07:48:39Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = सेल्फी | image = | caption = | director = राज मेहता | writer = रिषभ शर्मा | based on = {{Based on|''ड्राइविंग लाइसेंस'' (2019)|Lal Jr.}} | producer = {{ubl|Hiroo Yash Johar|Aruna Bhatia|[[Supriya Menon]]|[[Karan Johar]]|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]|[[Apoorva Mehta]]|[[Listin Stephen]]}} | starring = {{plainlist| * [[अक्षय कुमार]] * [[इमरान हाशमी]] * [[डायना पेंटी]] * [[नुशरत भरूचा]] * राहुल देव }} | cinematography = राजीव रवि | editing = Ritesh Soni | music = [[अनु मलिक]]<br>[[तनिष्क बागची]]<br>[[यो यो हनी सिंह]]<br>द प्रोफेसी<br>Lijo George-DJ Chetas<br>Vikram Montrose<br>Aditya Yadav<br>Tarun | studio = धर्मा प्रोडक्शंस<br>केप ऑफ़ गुड फिल्म्स<br>पृथ्वीराज प्रोडक्शंस<br>मैजिक फ्रेम्स | distributor = [[स्टार स्टूडियोज]] | released = {{Film date|df=no|2023|02|24}} | runtime = 135 मिनिट | country = भारत | language = हिंदी | budget = 150 करोड़ | gross = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--> }} '''''सेल्फी''''' एगो आवे वाली भारतीय [[हिंदी भाषा]] के कॉमेडी-ड्रामा फिल्म ह जवना के निर्देशन राज मेहता कइले बाड़न आ एकर निर्माण धर्म प्रोडक्शन, मैजिक फ्रेम्स, [[पृथ्वीराज सुकुमारन|पृथ्वीराज प्रोडक्शन]], केप ऑफ गुड फिल्म्स आ स्टार स्टूडियो कइले बाड़न . ई मलयालम फिलिम ''ड्राइविंग लाइसेंस'' (2019) के रीमेक हवे। एह फिलिम में [[अक्षय कुमार]] आ [[इमरान हाशमी|एमरान हाशमी]] मुख्य भूमिका में बाड़ी आ [[डायना पेंटी]] आ नुशरत्त भरुच्चा मुख्य भूमिका में बाड़ी। एह फिलिम के प्रिंसिपल फोटोग्राफी मार्च 2022 से शुरू भइल। ई 24 फरवरी 2023 के थियेटर में रिलीज होखे वाला बा<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/selfiee-trailer-akshay-kumar-emraan-hashmi-main-khiladi-tu-anari-meta-film-video-8397501/|title=Selfiee trailer: Akshay Kumar goes meta in superstar vs superfan film with Emraan Hashmi as he says 'mujhe saal mein 4 movies karni hoti'|date=2023-01-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2023-01-23}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} {{film-stub}} nrxbkcjhiz9bsmz7ggjurc7rweezatp 0 89017 814375 785125 2026-11-07T07:15:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सुदीप चटर्जी | image = Sudeep Chatterjee.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | birth_place = [[कलकत्ता]] (अब कोलकाता), [[भारत]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | children = 2 (इशिका चटर्जी & ईशान चटर्जी) | death_place = | nationality = भारतीय | other_names = | alma_mater =फिल्म एंड टेलिविजन इंस्टीटयूट ऑफ़ इंडिया, [[पुणे]] | years_active = 1995 – अबतक | known_for = | occupation = फोटोग्राफी डाइरेक्टर, सिनेमेटोग्राफर | relatives = | website = [https://www.sudeepchatterjee.net/ https://www.sudeepchatterjee.net] }} '''सुदीप चटर्जी''' ({{lang-bn|সুদীপ চ্যাটার্জী}}) एगो भारतीय सिनेमाटोग्राफर हवें, जे मुख्य रूप से [[बॉलीवुड|हिंदी सिनेमा]] आ बंगाली सिनेमा में काम करे लें। बुद्धदेब दासगुप्ता, नागेश कुकुनूर, श्रीजीत मुखर्जी, संजय लीला भंसाली, आ विशाल भारद्वाज जइसन समीक्षकन के प्रशंसित निर्देशकन का साथे काम कइले बाड़न। इनके ज्यादातर ''एकबाल'' (2005), ''चक दे इंडिया'' (2007), ''गुजारिश'' (2010), ''धूम 3'' (2013), ''छोटूशकोने'' (2014), ''बाजीराव मस्तानी'' (2015), ''[[पद्मावत (फिलिम)|पदमावत]]'' (2018) आ ''गंगुबाई कठियावाड़ी'' (2022) नियर फिलिम सभ में काम खातिर जानल जाला। उनुका के बेस्ट सिनेमैटोग्राफी खातिर दू बेर, ''छोटूशकोने'' आ ''बाजीराव मस्तानी'' खातिर, राष्ट्रीय फिल्म पुरस्कार मिलल बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{bio-stub}} m4ijvhfg80rxknqvi1urkws9kxenc67 0 89032 813838 786316 2026-11-06T12:50:48Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Very long|list|date=September 2022}} [[File:Wikipedia.org-2020.png|alt=Screenshot of Wikipedia's web portal showing the different languages alphabetically sorted by article count|thumb|विकिपीडिया डॉट ऑर्ग (विकिपीडिया के वेब पोर्टल ) के स्क्रीनशॉट जेह में अलग-अलग भाषा सभ के लेख गिनती के हिसाब से वर्णमाला के हिसाब से सॉर्ट कइल देखावल गइल बा]] [[विकिपीडिया]] एगो मुफ्त बहुभाषी ओपन सोर्स विकी आधारित ऑनलाइन विश्वकोश हवे जेकर संपादन आ रखरखाव स्वयंसेवी संपादक लोग के समुदाय द्वारा कइल जाला, {{Start date and age|२००१|०१|१५|df=y|p=y}} से शुरू भइल एगो अंग्रेजी भाषा के विश्वकोश के रूप में दिहल गइल बा . जल्दिये गैर-अंग्रेजी संस्करण सभ के निर्माण भइल: जर्मन आ कैटेलोनियाई संस्करण सभ के निर्माण [[wiktionary:circa|लगभग]] १६ मार्च के भइल, फ्रेंच संस्करण के निर्माण २३ मार्च के भइल <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.fr/blogs/l-esprit-libre/wikipedia-en-francais-depasse-le-million-d-articles-39754828.htm|title=Wikipédia en français dépasse le million d'articles|last=Noisette|first=Thierry|date=24 September 2010|website=[[ZDNet]] France|publisher=[[Red Ventures]]|language=fr|trans-title=French Wikipedia exceeds one million articles|access-date=21 December 2020|quote=Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie collaborative libre, fêtera ses dix ans en janvier 2011, et a débuté le 23 mars 2001 en version française, mais dès ce jeudi 23 septembre, à neuf ans et demi exactement, la Wikipédia francophone a enregistré officiellement le cap du million d'articles. (Wikipedia, the free collaborative encyclopedia, will celebrate its tenth anniversary in January 2011. It started on March 23, 2001 in its French version, but as of this Thursday, September 23, at exactly nine and a half years old, the French-language Wikipedia has officially reached the one million article mark.)}}</ref> आ स्वीडिश संस्करण के निर्माण २३ मई के भइल। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sv.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|title=History of HomePage|website=[[Swedish Wikipedia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010608192645/https://sv.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archive-date=8 October 2001|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} ले विकिपीडिया के लेख {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} संस्करण में बनावल गइल बाड़ें, वर्तमान में {{NUMBEROF|active|Wikipedia}} सक्रिय आ {{NUMBEROF|closed|Wikipedia}} बंद बाड़ें। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/meta.tab|title=Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab - Wikimedia Commons|website=[[Wikimedia Commons]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814105715/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/meta.tab|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> [[विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन|मेटा-विकी]] [[metawiki:language committee|भाषा समिति]] नया [[विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन|विकिमीडिया प्रोजेक्ट]] बनावे के नीति सभ के प्रबंधन करे ले। पात्र होखे खातिर कौनों भाषा के वैध [[आइएसओ 639|ISO 639]] कोड होखे के चाहीं, "पर्याप्त रूप से बिसेस" होखे के चाहीं, आ "पर्याप्त संख्या में धाराप्रवाह प्रयोगकर्ता" होखे के चाहीं। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_proposal_policy&oldid=21811318|title=Language proposal policy, revision 21811318|website=[[Meta-Wiki]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222124657/https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_proposal_policy&oldid=21811318|archive-date=22 December 2021|access-date=31 August 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_proposal_policy&oldid=21811318 "Language proposal policy, revision 21811318"]. ''[[विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन|Meta-Wiki]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211222124657/https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_proposal_policy&oldid=21811318 Archived] from the original on 22 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> r3so9kjdqfd0jxyiml5gkwrvuobnus9 0 89187 814018 786671 2026-11-06T13:03:59Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[Honourable]] | native_name = शेरबहादुर देउवा | image = Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri Sher Bahadur Deuba, in Glasgow, Scotland on November 02, 2021 (1).jpg | caption = Deuba in 2021 | office = 32nd [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] | term_start = 13 July 2021 | president = [[बिद्या देवी भंडारी]] | term_end = 26 December 2022 | predecessor = [[खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली]] | successor = [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | office1 = | president1 = [[बिद्या देवी भंडारी]] | term_start1 = 7 June 2017 | term_end1 = 15 February 2018 | deputy1 = [[Bijay Kumar Gachhadar]] | predecessor1 = [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | successor1 = [[खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली]] | monarch2 = [[Gyanendra of Nepal|King Gyanendra]] | term_start2 = 4 June 2004 | term_end2 = 1 February 2005 | predecessor2 = [[सूर्य बहादुर थापा]] | successor2 = [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | monarch3 = [[Gyanendra of Nepal|King Gyanendra]] | term_start3 = 26 July 2001 | term_end3 = 4 October 2002 | predecessor3 = [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor3 = [[लोकेन्द्र बहादुर चन्द]] | monarch4 = [[Birendra of Nepal|King Birendra]] | term_start4 = 12 September 1995 | term_end4 = 12 March 1997 | predecessor4 = [[Man Mohan Adhikari]] | successor4 = [[लोकेन्द्र बहादुर चन्द]] | office9 = [[Minister of Home Affairs (Nepal)|Minister of Home Affairs]] | term_start9 = 1991 | term_end9 = 1994 | monarch9 = [[Birendra of Nepal|King Birendra]] | primeminister9 = [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | predecessor9 = Yog Prasad Upadhyay | successor9 = [[KP Sharma Oli|Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli]] | office6 = President of the [[Nepali Congress]] | term_start6 = 7 March 2016 | vicepresident6 = [[विमलेन्द्र निधि]]<br>[[विजयकुमार गच्छदार]] [[Purna Bahadur Khadka]] [[Dhanraj Gurung]] | term_end6 = | predecessor6 = [[सुशील कोइराला]] | office7 = Member of the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha]] | term_start7 = 4 March 2018 | term_end7 = | predecessor7 = ''Himself'' (as member of the Legislature Parliament) | successor7 = | constituency7 = [[Dadeldhura 1 (constituency)|Dadeldhura 1]] | office8 = | term_start8 = May 1991 | term_end8 = April 2008 | predecessor8 = ''Constituency created'' | successor8 = ''Himself'' (as member of the Constituent Assembly) | constituency8 = [[Dadeldhura 1 (constituency)|Dadeldhura 1]] | office10 = Member of the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]] / [[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Legislature Parliament]] | term_start10 = 28 May 2008 | term_end10 = 14 October 2017 | predecessor10 = ''Himself'' (as member of the House of Representatives) | successor10 = ''Himself'' (as member of the House of Representatives) | constituency10 = [[Dadeldhura 1 (constituency)|Dadeldhura 1]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|06|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ashigram]], [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Personal information of Sher Bahadur Deuba published in|url=https://www.opmcm.gov.np/staff/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE/|access-date=25 November 2022|website=Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713144653/https://www.opmcm.gov.np/staff/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[नेपाली कांग्रेस]] {{small|(before 2002; 2007–present)}} | otherparty = [[नेपाली कांग्रेस (Democratic)]] {{small|(2002–2007)}} | spouse = [[आरजु राणा देउवा]] | alma_mater = [[Tribhuvan University]],[[London School of Economics and Political Science]] | signature = Signature of Sher Bahadur Deuba.png | website = {{URL|sherbahadurdeuba.com/}} | term_starting = 31 July 2022 | honorific_suffix = MP }} '''शेरबहादुर देउवा''' (जनम: 13 जून 1946) नेपाली कांग्रेस के अध्यक्ष आ नेपाल के पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री रहलें। ऊ 2017 में नेपाल के 40वाँ प्रधानमंत्री के रूप में शपथ लिहलें।[1] उ 1995 से 1997 तक, फिर 2001 से 2002 तक, आ 2004 से 2005 तक नेपाल के प्रधानमंत्री रहले। उ नेपाली कांग्रेस के अध्यक्ष बानी। देउवा के जनम क्षत्रिय (राजपूत) जाति में भइल रहे। डडेल्धुरा के एगो सुदूर गाँव आशिग्राम में जनमल आ पलल बढ़ल देउबा के प्राथमिक शिक्षा ओहिजे आ माध्यमिक शिक्षा डोटी में पूरा भइल. उहाँ के उच्च शिक्षा त्रिचंद्र कॉलेज से पूरा कइल 1991 में प्रतिनिधि सभा खातिर चुनल गइलें आ गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला के नेतृत्व में मंत्रिमंडल में गृहमंत्री के रूप में काम कइलें। मनमोहन अधिकारी 1995 में दु साल में दूसरा बेर संसद भंग करे के कोशिश कईला के बाद देउबा प्रधानमंत्री बनली। उ अपना पहिला कार्यकाल में भारत के संगे महाकाली संधि प हस्ताक्षर के देखरेख कइले। माओवादी लोग के उदय के बीच जुलाई 2001 में उनकर दूसरा प्रीमियरशिप शुरू भइल आ बाद में ऊ आपातकाल के घोषणा कइलें आ नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी) के "आतंकी संगठन" के रूप में सूचीबद्ध कइलें। अक्टूबर 2002 में राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र द्वारा इनके बर्खास्त क दिहल गइल, बाकी जन प्रतिक्रिया के बाद जून 2004 में इनके दोबारा प्रधानमंत्री नियुक्त कइल गइल।2005 के तख्तापलट के बाद राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र द्वारा इनके गिरफ्तार क लिहल गइल, आ सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा इनके घोषणा कइला के बाद फरवरी 2006 में रिहा क दिहल गइल गिरफ्तारी गैरकानूनी बा। == शुरुआती जीवन == देउबा के जनम 13 जून 1946 के सुदूर पश्चिम नेपाल के डडेल्धुरा जिला के एगो दूरस्थ गाँव आशिग्राम में भइल (वर्तमान में गणपधुरा ग्रामीण नगरपालिका, सुदुरपश्चिम प्रांत)। डडेल्धुरा जिला के पश्या गरखा इलाका के एगो समृद्ध परिवार शेरबहादुर देउबा के परिवार डडेल्धुरा इलाका के ठकुरी (राजपूत) देउबा परिवार के नाम से जानल जाला। खाली डोटी पचनाली, लुलानी मल्ल, डोटी बोगतानी बम आ बोगटी राजवार से वैवाहिक संबंध राखे वाला ई परिवार एगो अइसन परिवार ह जवन ऐतिहासिक काल से एगो धनी आ रोजगार वाला परिवार के रूप में जानल जाला। डोटी राज्य के समय डडेल्धुरा के "पश्यगढ़ क्षेत्र" उनके शासन में रहे। चंद्रवंशी, कश्यप गोत्रिया देउबा के ई कुल देवता बादल आ आशिग्राम केदार के गणप लाटो (गणेश) हवें। प्राथमिक शिक्षा आसिग्राम प्राथमिक विद्यालय से आ माध्यमिक शिक्षा महेन्द्र उच्च सेक. स्कूल आ डोटी में सीताराम उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय। एसएलसी पूरा कइला के बाद देउबा के उच्च शिक्षा खातिर त्रिचंद्र कॉलेज में दाखिला लिहल गइल। ऊ 1989 में लंदन स्कूल ऑफ इकोनॉमिक्स (एलएसई) में रजिस्ट्रेशन कइलें, "रिसर्च शुल्क" श्रेणी के तहत जेकरा चलते इनके "एलएसई लाइब्रेरी के इस्तेमाल करे के इजाजत मिलल, आ सामान्य मार्गदर्शन खातिर प्रोफेसर के नियुक्ति कइल गइल, बाकी कक्षा ना लिहल गइल"। इनके प्रोफेसर फ्रेड हैलिडे रहलें आ इनके संसदीय लोकतंत्र सभ पर कुछ काम पूरा करे के काम दिहल गइल। हालाँकि, देउबा कबो एलएसई में कवनो रचना ना छपवली। देउबा लंदन में रहले जब 1990 के क्रांति शुरू भइल रहे जहां उ क्रांति के प्रचार कइले रहले। सोशलिस्ट इंटरनेशनल उनकर वजीफा रद्द कर दिहले रहे; एकरे बाद इनके नेपाली लोग के दिहल लोन पर निर्भर रहे के पड़ल, बीबीसी नेपाली खातिर अनियमित तरीका से काम करे के पड़ल आ अस्थायी रूप से रेस्तरां में रहे के पड़ल।[9] उ 1990 में स्कूल छोड़ देले। ==राजनीतिक जीवन== कांग्रेस के संस्थापक नेता बीपी कोइराला के प्रेरणा से देउबा राजनीति में उतरली। खासकर के वी. ना. 2017 के राजनीतिक घटना के बाद नेपाल के लोकतांत्रिक आंदोलन में लगातार सक्रिय बाड़े अवुरी नेपाल छात्र संघ के पहिला निर्वाचित अध्यक्ष अवुरी संस्थापक सदस्य बाड़े। वि. के बा। ना. 2028 में नेपाल छात्र संघ के अध्यक्ष चुनल गइलें। वि. के बा। साल 2048, 2051 आ 2056 के संसदीय चुनाव में डडेल्धुरा जिला से चुनल गइल रहले. सं 2064 अउर वि. साल 2070 में भईल संविधानसभा के चुनाव में उ डडेल्धुरा के संगे-संगे कंचनपुर जिला अवुरी कैलाली जिला से भी जीत हासिल कईले। [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/06/594820] {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:1946 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल के लोग]] {{Nepal-politician-stub}} 1nx7muacql4pjwdz7cpfk0rwh2hxr0r 0 89666 813735 781841 2026-11-06T12:07:20Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''हिज्जे''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hog |first1=Trebor |title=Bhojpuri English Lexicon |date=22 अप्रैल 2018 |publisher=Truth Limited |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RsGkEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PT101&dq=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&hl=hi&pg=PT101#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&f=false |access-date=13 मार्च 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> '''इस्पेलिंग''' चाहे '''वर्तनी''' ({{Lang|en|spelling}}; ({{Lang-hi|वर्तनी}})) लिखाई के चीन्हा (''ग्राफेम'') के इस्तेमाल से भाषा के लिखे के तरीका के नियमित करे वाला परंपरा होला।<ref>Coulmas, F. (1996), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems, Oxford:Blackwells</ref> दुसरे शब्दन में, अक्षर सभ के क्रम में ब्यवस्थित क के शब्द बनावे के हिज्जे कहल जाला।<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of SPELLING |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spelling |website=merriam-webster.com |access-date=13 मार्च 2023 |language=en}}</ref> शब्द के अक्षर सभ के साफ तरीका से बतावल - हिज्जे करल कहाला। हिंदी में 'वर्तनी' शब्द के चलन से पहिले, बिहार में 'विवरण' आ बंगाल में 'बनान' शब्द के हिज्जे के अरथ में चले के बतावल गइल बा हालाँकि 'विवरण' के ई अरथ ''हिंदी शब्दसागर'' में ना मिले ला।<ref>{{cite book |last1=भाटिया |first1=कैलाशचंद्र |last2=भाटिया |first2=रचना |title=हिंदी की मानक वर्तनी |date=1 जनवरी 2009 |publisher=प्रभात प्रकाशन |isbn=978-81-7315-206-1 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LFLZwcL7GHQC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA12&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&hl=hi&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&f=false |access-date=13 मार्च 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:हिज्जे| ]] [[श्रेणी:ऑर्थोग्राफी]] {{Linguistics-stub}} r28tzrh9ah4ocmjm478imtvdhe5xfxt 0 89752 813747 738602 2026-11-06T12:08:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वसुनायक सिंह''' भोजपुरी-भाषा के कवी रहलें। इनकर परसिद्धी भोजपुरी में रामायण लिखे खातिर हवे। [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी-भाषा के कवि]] {{Poet-stub}} 8rzv7zjpdtjfam4naeo36cg0q019xyk 0 90461 814123 745683 2026-11-06T15:50:02Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricket team | name = सनराइजर्स हैदराबाद | image = | alt = | nickname = एसआरएच | league = [[आईपीएल|इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग]] (आईपीएल) | captain = [[एडन मार्करम]] | coach = [[ब्रायन लारा]] | city = [[हैदराबाद]], [[भारत]] | colours = | manager = | title1 = [[आईपीएल]] | title1wins = 1 (2016) | title2 = | title2wins = | owner = सन ग्रुप | founded = {{Start date and age|2013}} | ground = [[राजीव गांधी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट स्टेडियम]], [[हैदराबाद]] | capacity = 55,000 | website = [http://www.sunrisershyderabad.in सनराइजर्स हैदराबाद] | t_pattern_la = _srh23 | t_pattern_b = _srh23 | t_pattern_ra = _srh23 | t_pattern_pants = | t_leftarm = 000000 | t_body = FF6600 | t_rightarm = 000000 | t_pants = 000000 | t_title = T20 kit | current = }} '''सनराइजर्स हैदराबाद''' (लघु:'''एसआरएच''') [[इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग]] क एक ठे आन्ध्र प्रदेश क राजधानी हैदराबाद में स्ठित [[क्रिकेट]] फ्रैंचाइज़ी टीम ह। ए टीम क कप्तान [[एडन मार्करम]] और कोच [[ब्रायन लारा]] हैं। ए फ्रैंचाइज़ी क मलिकाना [[सन नेटवर्क]] के मालिक [[कलानिधि मारन]] क ह। 2013 में स्थापित ई टीम आपन घरेलू मैच राजीव गांधी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट स्टेडियम, हैदराबाद में खेलेले। 2016 के आईपीएल में '''एसआरएच''' [[रॉयल चैलेंजर्स बैंगलौर|आरसीबी]] के 8 रन से हरा के चैंपियन<ref>{{समाचार सन्दर्भ|last1=बीबीसी हिन्दी|title=सनराइज़र्स हैदराबाद बना आईपीएल चैंपियन|url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/sport/2016/05/160529_ipl_final_toss_pk|accessdate=31 मई 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601080838/http://www.bbc.com/hindi/sport/2016/05/160529_ipl_final_toss_pk|archive-date=1 जून 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> बनल रहे। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:आईपीएल]] {{Cricket-stub}} rm97nm1ydotlwnaz2dad8w3jwhjawxc 0 90478 813759 745827 2026-11-06T12:09:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox venue | name = वानखेड़े स्टेडियम | image = Wankhede ICC WCF.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = [[भारतीय क्रिकेट टीम|भारत]] आऊर [[श्रीलंका क्रिकेट टीम|श्रीलंका]] के बीच खेलल गयल [[2011 क्रिकेट विश्व कप फाइनल]] के पहिला पारी के दौरान वानखेड़े स्टेडियम। | location = चर्चगेट, [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]] | seating_capacity = 33,108 (2011–present)<br />45,000 (1974–2010) | owner = [[मुंबई क्रिकेट एसोसिएशन]] | architect = | operator = मुंबई क्रिकेट एसोसिएशन | embedded = {{Infobox cricket ground|embed=yes | ground_name = वानखेड़े स्टेडियम | establishment = 1974 | tenants = [[मुंबई क्रिकेट टीम]] <br /> [[मुंबई इंडियंस]] <br /> [[भारतीय क्रिकेट टीम]] | end1 = {{pad|2em}} टाटा एंड {{pad|2em}} [[Image:WankhedeStadiumCricketGroundPitchDimensions.svg|250px]] | end2 = गरवारे पैवेलियन एंड | international = true | first test date = 23–29 जनवरी | first test year = 1975<ref name="Inglis2000"/> | firsttestdate = 23-29 जनवरी | firsttestyear =1975 | firsttesthome = भारत | firsttestaway = वेस्ट इंडीज | lasttestdate = 3–7 दिसंबर | lasttestyear = 2021 | lasttesthome = भारत | lasttestaway = न्यूजीलैंड | firstodidate = 17 जनवरी | firstodiyear = 1987 | firstodihome = भारत | firstodiaway = श्रीलंका | lastodidate = 17 मार्च | lastodiyear = 2023 | lastodihome = भारत | lastodiaway = आस्ट्रेलिया | firstt20idate = 22 दिसंबर | firstt20iyear = 2012 | firstt20ihome = भारत | firstt20iaway = इंग्लैंड | lastt20idate = 3 जनवरी | lastt20iyear = 2023 | lastt20ihome = भारत | lastt20iaway = श्रीलंका | onlywtestdate = 10–13 फरवरी | onlywtestyear = 1984 | onlywtesthome = भारत | onlywtestaway = आस्ट्रेलिया | firstwodidate = 23 दिसंबर | firstwodiyear = 1997 | firstwodihome = आयरलैंड | firstwodiaway = न्यूजीलैंड | lastwodidate = 28 फरवरी | lastwodiyear = 2019 | lastwodihome = भारत | lastwodiaway = इंग्लैंड | onlywt20idate = 31 मार्च | onlywt20iyear = 2016 | onlywt20ihome = वेस्ट इंडीज | onlywt20iaway = न्यूजीलैंड | date = 17 मार्च | year = 2023 | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58324.html Cricinfo }} | surface = घास }} '''वानखेडे स्टेडियम''' [[भारत]] के [[मुंबई]] में एगो अंतर्राष्ट्रीय [[क्रिकेट]] स्टेडियम बाटे। एकर मालिकाना हक आऊर संचालन मुंबई क्रिकेट एसोसिएशन के पास ह। इ स्टेडियम [[महाराष्ट्र]] के दक्षिण मुंबई के चर्चगेट इलाका में मरीन ड्राइव के लगे बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के क्रिकेट मैदान]] f8gmarcxzk6aq5f0gbxdtqbt4cxe9gr 0 90537 814240 781854 2026-11-06T16:05:38Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | alt = | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * एक्शन * ड्रामा * [[साइंस फिक्शन]]<ref name="Oxford Mail">{{cite web |last1=French |first1=Andrew |title=Amazon drama Citadel starring Richard Madden filming in Oxford |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/19146409.richard-madden-shooting-scenes-amazon-series-citadel/ |website=Oxford Mail |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> * जासूसी थ्रिलर * टेक्नो-थ्रिलर }} | creator = {{Plainlist| * जोश अपेल्बम * ब्रायन ओह * डेविड वेल }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[रिचर्ड मैडेन]] * [[प्रियंका चोपड़ा जोनास]] * स्टैनली तुसी * ओलेगर फेदेरो * लेस्ली मैनविल }} | composer = | country = अमेरिका (यूएस) | language = अंग्रेजी | num_seasons = 1<!--Only increment as a new season has been released, per the documentation of the template.--> | num_episodes = 2<!--Only increment as a new episode has been released, per the documentation of the template!--> | list_episodes = | executive_producer = | producer = | location = यूनाइटेड किंगडम | cinematography = | runtime = 40–42 मिनट | company = | budget = $300 मिलियन | network = [[अमेजन प्राइम वीडियो]] | picture_format = | audio_format = | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|4|28}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | related = }} '''''सिटाडेल''''' ({{Lang|en|Citadel}}) एगो अमेरिकी [[साइंस फिक्शन]] एक्शन थ्रिलर टेलीविजन सीरीज बाटे जे जोश एपलबाम, ब्रायन ओह, आ डेविड वेल द्वारा [[अमेजन प्राइम वीडियो]] खातिर बनावल गइल बा, रूसो भाई लोग कार्यकारी निर्माता के रूप में बा। एह में रिचर्ड मैडेन आ [[प्रियंका चोपड़ा|प्रियंका चोपड़ा जोनास]] क्रम से सिटाडेल के एजेंट मेसन केन आ नादिया सिन्ह के भूमिका में बा लोग आ मुख्य कलाकारन में स्टेनली टुची आ लेस्ली मैनविल बा लोग।<ref name="SlashFilm">{{Cite web |last=Topel |first=Fred |date=15 January 2020 |title=Amazon Announces 'Citadel,' a Spy Series From the Russo Brothers Starring Richard Madden and Priyanka Chopra |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/citadel-tv-series/ |access-date=3 June 2021 |website=SlashFilm}}</ref> मार्च 2023 में एह सीरीज के दुसरा सीजन खातिर रिन्यू कइल गइल।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Lesley |date=March 14, 2023 |title='Citadel,' Amazon's Pricey and Troubled Drama, Renewed for Season 2 (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/citadel-show-renewed-season-two-amazon-1235352331/ |access-date=March 15, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> छह एपिसोड वाला ई पहिला सीजन 28 अप्रैल 2023 के प्रीमियर भइल पहिला दू गो एपिसोडन के साथे।<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine |last=Ford |first=Rebecca |date=February 27, 2023 |title='Citadel': Amazon's Big Bet for a Global TV Franchise |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/02/awards-insider-citadel-first-look |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |access-date=February 27, 2023}}</ref> एह सीरीज में इटैलियन आल्प्स, भारत, स्पेन आ मैक्सिको में सेट कइल गइल स्पिनऑफ सभ के सामिल कइल जाई,<ref name="SlashFilm"/><ref name="Deadline">{{cite web |last1=Petski |first1=Denise |title=Priyanka Chopra J & Richard Madden To Star In 'Citadel', Amazon's Russo Brothers International Event Series |url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/priyanka-chopra-jonas-richard-madden-to-star-in-citadel-amazons-russo-brothers-international-event-series-1202830243/ |website=Deadline |date=14 January 2020 |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=València, epicentro de la nueva serie de Amazon|url=https://www.levante-emv.com/cultura/2021/09/23/valencia-epicentro-nueva-serie-amazon-57573629.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Levante-EMV|language=es}}</ref> जे अलग-अलग भाषा सभ में होखिहें।<ref name="Evening Standard">{{cite web |last1=Akingbade |first1=Tobi |title=When is Citadel released on Amazon and who's in the cast with Richard Madden and Priyanka Chopra? |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/tvfilm/citadel-amazon-richard-madden-priyanka-chopra-a4336396.html |website=Evening Standard |date=16 January 2020 |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> वरुण धवन आ सामन्था रूथ प्रभु के मुख्य भूमिका वाली भारतीय सीरीज के निर्देशन राज एंड डीके करिहें।<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 March 2023|title=Samantha Ruth Prabhu drops pictures with Varun Dhawan, Raj and DK as they finish a schedule of 'Citadel'|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/samantha-ruth-prabhu-drops-pictures-with-varun-dhawan-raj-and-dk-as-they-finish-a-schedule-of-citadel/articleshow/98512218.cms?from=mdr|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref> इटली के एह सीरीज के सह-निर्माता अमेजन स्टूडियो आ आईटीवी स्टूडियो के हिस्सा कैटलेया होखिहें।<ref name="She The People">{{cite web |last1=Das |first1=Anoushka |title=Citadel: 7 Things To Know About The Spy Series |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/citadel-7-things-to-know-spy-series/ |website=She The People |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/citadel-varun-dhawan-to-star-in-indian-series-set-in-amazon-franchise-1235202848/|title='Citadel': Varun Dhawan To Star In Indian Series Set In Amazon Franchise|date=December 20, 2022 |publisher=Deadline}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * {{Official website|https://agbo.com/project/citadel|Official website at AGBO}} * {{IMDb title}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टीवी सिरीज]] [[श्रेणी:अमेजन प्राइम वीडियो ओरिजनल प्रोग्रामिंग]] {{Tv-prog-stub}} 8iufbfz43d5vel199cv78qk6f5l8kzf 0 90629 814102 808051 2026-11-06T15:04:55Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|सट्टेबाजी|मटका सट्टा|मटका (जुआ)|अन्य अरथ|जुआ}} [[File:Las Vegas sportsbook.jpg|thumb|alt=sportsbook, a board showing numbers|[[लास वेगास]] में स्पोर्ट्सबुक के औड्स बोर्ड (odds boards)]] '''सट्टा''', '''सट्टेबाजी''', '''खेल सट्टेबाजी''' ({{Lang|en|sports betting}}), चाहे '''खेल में सट्टा''' एक किसिम के अइसन गतिबिधि हवे जेह में कौनो [[खेलकूद|खेल]] के रिजल्ट के ऊपर दाँव लगावल जाला आ बाजी जीते के कोसिस कइल जाला। ई [[कानून|कानूनी भा गैरकानूनी]], दुनों तरीका से, सट्टेबाज (सटोरिया) लोगन के माध्यम से रुपया-पइसा दाँव पर लगा के खेलल जाला आ कुछ दशा में [[जुआ]] के एगो किसिम हवे। कुछ जगहन पर एकरा खातिर कानून बनावल गइल बाड़ें जेकरा दायरा में ई काम लीगल भा कानूनी रूप से जायज मानल जाला जबकि अन्य दशा में ई [[अपराध]] (क्राइम) के कटेगरी में गिनल जाला। खेल के दुनिया में सट्टेबाजी से जुड़ल कई ठे स्कैंडल आ कांड हो चुकल बाड़ें। उदाहरण खातिर [[क्रिकेट]] में सट्टेबाजी के चलते [[मैच फिक्सिंग|मैच-फिक्सिंग]] आ [[स्पॉट फिक्सिंग|स्पॉट-फिक्सिंग]] नियर घटना देखे में आइल बाड़ी स। == जनरल सट्टेबाजी (बुकमेकिंग) == सट्टेबाज, सटोरिया चाहे बुकी आ बुकमेकर अइसन लोग होखे ला जे खेल के दाँव खातिर बाजार बनावे वाला के रूप में काम करे ला। सट्टेबाजी में से ज्यादातर के रिजल्ट बाइनरी होला - मने की, टीम या त जीत जाले या हार जाले। सट्टेबाज दुनो दांव के स्वीकार करेला, आ एगो स्प्रेड (जोश) के कायम राखेला जवन कि दांव के नतीजा चाहे जवन होखे, मुनाफा सुनिश्चित करी। अमेरिका में 1961 के फेडरल वायर एक्ट अमेरिकी सरकार द्वारा अवैध सट्टेबाजी के रोके के कोसिस रहल। हालाँकि, ई कानून अन्य किसिम के ऑनलाइन जुआ पर लागू ना होला। संघीय तार अधिनियम के मतलब पर अमेरिकी सुप्रीम कोर्ट कवनो फैसला नइखे दिहले काहे कि ई ऑनलाइन जुआ से जुड़ल बा। आमतौर पर सट्टेबाज लोग के अपना ग्राहकन पर 11-10 के लीड चाहे हावी होखे के सिस्टम रखे वाला होला-छोट दांव खातिर ई 6-5 के फायदा के करीब होला-एह से सट्टेबाज के लंबा समय ले आपन दाँव खेलल जिंदा रखे के संभावना होखे ला। सफल सट्टेबाजन के शॉर्ट टर्म (छोट समय में) बड़हन नुकसान के सामना करे में सक्षम होखे के चाहीं। (बॉयड, 1981) अमेरिका में, 1930 के दशक से 1960 के दशक तक के कई गो प्रमुख जुआ सट्टेबाज लोग के शुरुआत 1920 के दशक के निषेध के दौर में भइल। ई लोग अक्सर एह समय अमेरिका में आवे वाला आप्रवासी लोग के भीड़ के वंशज रहे। हालाँकि, आम रूढ़िवादिता ई बा कि ई सट्टेबाज इटैलियन मूल के रहलें, कई गो प्रमुख सट्टेबाज पूरबी यूरोपीय मूल के रहलें। == मैच फिक्सिंग == {{main|मैच फिक्सिंग}} '''मैच फिक्सिंग''', जेकरा '''गेम फिक्सिंग''', '''रेस फिक्सिंग''', धाँधली भा आम तौर पर '''खेल फिक्सिंग''' कहल जाला, अइसन काम ह जवना में खेल के मुकाबला खेलत भा ओकर संचालन करत घरी पहिले से तय नतीजा हासिल करे के इरादा राखल जाला। एहसे खेल के नियमन के उल्लंघन होला आ अक्सर कानून भी टूटे ला। मैच फिक्सिंग के कई कारण हो सके लें। एहमें सट्टेबाज भा खेल पर दाँव लगावे वाला लोग से घूस लिहल आ उनहन लोगन के ब्लैकमेल कइल नियन घटना भी शामिल बा। जब [[जुआ]] भा सट्टेबाजी मैच फिक्सिंग के कारण होला, तब सट्टा लगावे वाला लोग, खेलाड़ी, टीम के अधिकारी आ/भा रेफरी के बीच संपर्क आ आमतौर पर पइसा के लेन-देन होखे ला। कबो-कबो एह संपर्क आ लेन-देन के पता लगा लिहल जाला, जेकरा चलते कानून भा खेल लीग के ओर से मुकदमा चलावल जा सके ला। भारतीय क्रिकेट में मैच फिक्सिंग के कई घटना हो चुकल बाड़ी स। कई खेलाड़ी लोग एह तरीका के फिक्सिंग करत धरा चुकल बाटे आ ओह लोगन पर हमेशा-हमेशा खाती बैन लाग चुकल बा। == पब्लिक के रुझान == स्पोर्ट्स बेटिंग भा खेल में सट्टेबाजी के बजार पर कइल गइल [[रिसर्च]] में ई पावल गइल बा कि आम लोग सट्टा लगावे में कुछ तय पैटर्न (सिस्टमेटिक पैटर्न) फॉलो करेला। अध्ययन में बतावल गइल बा कि मनोरंजन खातिर बेटिंग करे वाला लोग अक्सर फेवरिट टीम, घरेलू टीम, हाल के सफल टीम, आ जवन नतीजा के मीडिया में जादे चर्चा होला, ओह पर ज्यादा दांव लगावेला।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Woodland |first1=Linda M. |last2=Woodland |first2=Bill M. |title=Market Efficiency and Profitable Wagering in the National Hockey League: Can Bettors Score on Longshots? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_southern-economic-journal_2001-04_67_4/page/983 |journal=Southern Economic Journal |year=2001 |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=983–995 |doi=10.2307/1061583 |jstor=1061583}}</ref> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन लेविट के अनुसार, स्पोर्ट्सबुक्स एह झुकाव (बायस) के फायदा उठा सके ला। ऊ लोग अइसन लाइन (odds) सेट करेला जवन असली संभावना (ट्रू प्रोबेबिलिटी) से पूरा मेल ना खाला, बलुक आम लोग के अनुमानित व्यवहार से बेसी मुनाफा कमावे पर ध्यान दिया देला।<ref>{{cite journal |last=Levitt |first=Steven D. |title=Why are gambling markets organised so differently from financial markets? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_economic-journal_2004-04_114_495/page/223 |journal=The Economic Journal |year=2004 |volume=114 |issue=495 |pages=223–246 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00207.x}}</ref> एह प्रवृत्ति भा टेंडेंसी के चलते [[कॉन्ट्रेरियन बेटिंग]] रणनीति विकसित भइल, जहाँ लोग ओह टीम या विकल्प के खिलाफ दांव लगावेला जवन पर बहुत लोग पैसा लगावत बा, एह सोच के साथ कि लाइन असली मूल्य (फेयर वैल्यू) से हट गइल बा।<ref>{{cite web |title=Fade the Public Betting Strategy |url=https://loserwins.com/strategy/fade-the-public/ |website=LoserWins.com |access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref> हालाँकि, ई रणनीति केतना प्रभावी आ सफल रही एह बात पर अभी बहस जारी बा, काहें से कि बजार के दक्षता (एफिशियेंशी) अलग-अलग खेल आ दांव के किसिम पर निर्भर करेला। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[जुआ]] * [[लाटरी]] * [[मटका (जुआ)]] * [[मैच फिक्सिंग]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:सट्टेबाजी| ]] [[श्रेणी:जुआ]] {{Society-stub}} csc47x1arp0y4y6l5ax98e25a0e019u 0 90646 814115 748144 2026-11-06T15:49:28Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Devotees.jpg|thumb|सत्यनारायण पूजा के बंगाली धार्मिक प्रिंट लगभग 1940 में, भक्त आ पुजारी लोग के देखावल गइल बा।]] '''सत्यनारायण कथा''', '''सत्यनारायण पूजा''' चाहे [[भोजपुरी]] में '''सतनरायन बाबा के कथा''', एगो हिंदू धार्मिक पूजा भा अनुष्ठान ह जेह में देवता [[विष्णु]] के सत्य नारायण रूप में पूजा कइल जाला आ जुड़ल कथा सुनल जाला। एह पूजा के बिबरन ''[[स्कंद पुराण]]'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Against Dogmatism: Dwelling in Faith and Doubt|last=Yadlapati|first=Madhuri M.|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2013|pages=30–32}}</ref> में बाटे जे मध्यकालीन युग के [[संस्कृत]] ग्रंथ हवे, आ मुख्य [[पुराण]]न में गिनल जाला।<ref name="RDM_2011">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcYyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA187|title=The Rise of Mahāsena|last=Richard D. Mann|publisher=BRILL|year=2011|isbn=9789004218864|page=187}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Origin and Growth of the Purāṇic Text Corpus|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=2004|isbn=9788120820494|editor-last=Hans Bakker|pages=1–3|chapter=Three Chapters of Saiva Material Added to the Earliest Known Recension of the Skanda Purana|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLN0F7GGecsC&pg=PA17}}</ref> == पूजा आ कथा == कथा के एह अनुष्ठान में दू गो हिस्सा होखे लें। मंत्र सभ के साथे बिबिध चीजन से भगवान विष्णु के सत्य नारायण रूप के पूजा कइल जाला। कहीं-कहीं शालिग्राम (ठाकुर जी) के पूजा होखे ला। एकरा बाद सत्यनारायण कथा (कहानी) के सुनल जाला जेह में पूजा करे वाला लोग खातिर होखे वाला बिबिध सांसारिक आ आध्यात्मिक लाभ के बिबरन बतावल गइल होला। कथा में बतावल गइल बाटे कि कइसे देवता नारायण [[कलियुग]], जवन हिंदू ब्रह्मांड विज्ञान में चार गो युग में से आखिरी युग हवे, के दौरान अपना भक्तन के सहायता करे के प्रण करेलें; खासतौर पर सत्यनारायण पूजा के करे वाला कथा सुने वाला लोगन के। कथा में बतावल गइल बा कि पूजा के निष्पादन अपने आप में भगवान से एगो वादा ह, आ ओह लोगन के दुर्दशा के बखान कइल गइल बा जे या त पूजा पूरा करे में असफल हो जालें या आपन वादा भुला जालें।<ref name=":0" /> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:पूजा]] [[श्रेणी:वैष्णव संप्रदाय]] {{Hinduism-stub}} cr8j0msy118dzty2x3ww1tc1gi4jtft 0 90682 813931 772047 2026-11-06T12:57:32Z SM7Bot 7808 /* स्रोत ग्रंथ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = वैष्णव संप्रदाय | image = | caption = वैष्णव संप्रदाय हिंदू देवता [[विष्णु]] (बीचा में) आ उनके अवतार लोगन पर केंद्रित मत हवे। }} '''वैष्णव संप्रदाय''' चाहे '''वैष्णव मत''' [[हिंदू धर्म]] के कई ठे [[हिंदू धर्म के संप्रदाय|संप्रदाय]] सभ में से एक ठो संप्रदाय हवे जे [[विष्णु]] के सभसे बड़ देवता आ ईश्वर माने ला, उनुके बाकी देवता लोगन के मुखिया के तरह माने ला; ''महाविष्णु'' के रूप में उनुकर कल्पना करे ला।<ref>{{cite book |author=Pratapaditya Pal |title=Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 BCE–700 CE |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clUmKaWRFTkC |year=1986 |publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05991-7|pages=24–25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher |title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC |date=1994 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-87773-980-7 |page=397}}</ref> एह संप्रदाय के माने वाला लोग ''वैष्णव'' कहाला आ इनहनो लोग में आगे अउरी बिभाजन ''कृष्ण भक्ति शाखा'' आ ''राम भक्ति शाखा'' के रूप में होखे ला।{{sfn|Hardy|1987}}{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=117}} 2010 के एगो अनुमान जे जॉन्सन आ ग्रिम द्वारा लगावल गइल बाटे, में बतावल बा कि वैष्णव संप्रदाय हिंदू धर्म के सभसे बड़ संप्रदाय भा पंथ हवे जेके माने वाला लोग के गिनती करीबन 641 मिलियन (64.1 करोड़) बाटे जे कुल हिंदू लोगन के आबादी के 67.6 % बाटे।<ref name=johnson400>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Todd M. |last2=Grim |first2=Brian J. |year=2013 |title=The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAzizViY30EC&q=Table+1.19 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-32303-8|page=400}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2012 |title=Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations |url=http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[शैव मत]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == स्रोत ग्रंथ == {{refbegin}} * {{Citation | last =Flood | first =Gavin | year =1996 | title =An introduction to Hinduism | publisher =Cambridge University Press| isbn= 978-0-521-43878-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=1987 |surname=Hardy |given=Friedhelm E. |author-link=Friedhelm Hardy |title=Kṛṣṇaism |editor=Mircea Eliade |editor-link=Mircea Eliade |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Religion |place=New York |publisher=MacMillan |volume=8 |pages=387–392 |isbn=978-0-02-897135-3 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/krsnaism |via=Encyclopedia.com}} {{refend}} {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:वैष्णव संप्रदाय| ]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू संप्रदाय]] {{Hinduism-stub}} rmi829a5ob24rmk96ybwzamok7xwu9i 0 90852 814393 769112 2026-11-07T07:16:56Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Sushil Kumar Modi | image = The Leader of Opposition, Bihar, Shri Sushil Kumar Modi in New Delhi on January 08 (cropped2).jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1952|1|5}} | birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India | residence = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India | alma_mater = [[Patna University]] | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] | spouse = {{marriage|Jessie George|1986}} | children = 2 | signature = | awards = | website = {{URL|http://www.sushilmodi.in}} | office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] | termstart = 7 December 2020 | constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] | predecessor = [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] | office1 = 4th [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Bihar|Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar]] | termstart1 = 27 July 2017 | termend1 = 16 November 2020 | predecessor1 = [[Tejashwi Yadav]] | successor1 = [[Renu Devi]], [[Tarkishore Prasad]] | 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]] | 1namedata1 = [[Nitish Kumar]] | termstart2 = 24 November 2005 | termend2 = 16 June 2013 | predecessor2 = [[Karpoori Thakur]] | successor2 = [[Tejashwi Yadav]] | 1blankname2 = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]] | 1namedata2 = [[Nitish Kumar]] }} '''सुशील कुमार मोदी''' (5 जनवरी 1952 - 13 मई 2024) [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] के एगो भारतीय राजनीतिक नेता बाड़ें जे [[बिहार]] से [[राज्यसभा]] में सांसद बाड़ें। 2005 से 2013 ले बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री रहलें आ 2017 से 2020 ले बिहार के वित्त मंत्री रहलें<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar elections: Sushil Modi tops BJP's list of CM probables |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihar-polls-sushil-modi-tops-bjp-s-list-of-cm-probables/article1-1367978.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711093707/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihar-polls-sushil-modi-tops-bjp-s-list-of-cm-probables/article1-1367978.aspx |archive-date=11 July 2015}}</ref> उ राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ के आजीवन सदस्य रहलें। जुलाई 2011 में [[माल आ सेवा टैक्स (भारत)|इनके माल आ सेवा टैक्स (जीएसटी)]] के लागू करे खातिर राज्य बित्त मंत्री लोग के सशक्त समिति के अध्यक्ष नियुक्त कइल गइल।<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2011 |title=Sushil Modi elected new chief of Empowered Committee on GST |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/sushil-modi-elected-new-chief-of-empowered-committee-on-gst/article2248415.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807022405/https://www.thehindu.com/business//article59981556.ece |archive-date=7 August 2022}}</ref> सुशील कुमार मोदी के 13 मई 2024 के दिल्ली में मौत भ गइल।<ref>{{cite news |title=सुशील कुमार मोदी का निधन: बिहार की राजनीति के एक अध्याय का अंत |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/cq5nn4zw0vxo |access-date=14 मई 2024 |work=BBC News हिंदी |date=14 मई 2024 |language=hi}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:2024 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:1952 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के राजनीतिक नेता]] {{Bihar-politician-stub}} n7l4phop17ategmz43idpqxmu4b45if 0 90871 814397 787463 2026-11-07T07:17:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | image = 2018 stamp commemorating Maharaja Suheldev.jpg | alt = Suhaldev stamp | caption = भारतीय डाक टिकट (2018 में जारी) पर सुहेलदेव | spouse = | title = [[श्रावस्ती]] के राजा | religion = [[हिंदू धर्म|हिंदू]] | family = }} '''सुहेलदेव भर''' चाहे '''सुहेल देव भर ''' पुराना समय में एगो [[राजा]] रहलन। ई [[श्रावस्ती]] के राजा रहलन आ [[गजनवी]] के भेजल [[सैयद सालार उर्फ़ गाजी मियां]] के जुद्ध में हरवले रहलन। ई जुद्ध 1034 ईसवी में भइल रहल। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू राजा]] [[श्रेणी:कथा में बर्णित भारत के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के इतिहास]] {{India-hist-stub}} mmjabhbq6klk2ervel5krouhtu9hoxw 0 90891 814325 781870 2026-11-07T05:35:46Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''सिलेबल''''' ({{Lang|en|syllable}}) चाहे '''''शब्दांश''''' उच्चारण के ईकाई होला जे बिना कवनो बेवधान के बोलल जाय। कौनों [[शब्द]] कम-से-कम एक सिलेबल के जरूर होखे ला - बहुत सारा शब्द एक से बेसी सिलेबल से मिल के बनल होखे लें। [[श्रेणी:फोनोलॉजी]] {{Linguistics-stub}} ezquaz0zcuqxt1vxcrfp21e2nrj33b0 0 90950 813878 799155 2026-11-06T12:53:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = सर | name = विलियम जोन्स | honorific_suffix = | image = Portrait of Sir William Jones (4671559) (cropped).jpg | caption = जोशुआ रेनाल्ड्स के पेंटिंग पर आधारित एगो स्टील एन्ग्रेविंग में जोन्स के निरूपण | office = फोर्ट विलियम कोर्ट, बंगाल में कनिष्ठ जज | term_start = 22 अक्टूबर 1783{{sfn|Curley|1998|page=453}} | term_end = 27 अप्रैल 1794{{sfn|Curley|1998|page=434}} | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1746|9|28}} | birth_place = वेस्टमिंस्टर, लंदन, इंग्लैंड | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1794|4|27|1746|9|28}} | death_place = [[कलकत्ता]], [[बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी]] | resting_place = साउथ पार्क स्ट्रीट कब्रिस्तान, कलकत्ता, भारत | spouse = {{marriage|आना मारिया शिप्ली|1783}} | father = विलियम जोन्स (गणितज्ञ) }} सर '''विलियम जोन्स''' ({{Lang|en|Sir William Jones}}), <small>एफआरएस एफआरएएस एफआरएसई</small> (28 सितंबर 1746 — 27 अप्रैल 1794) [[बंगाल प्रेसिडेंसी|बंगाल]] के फोर्ट विलियम में सुप्रीम कोर्ट ऑफ ज्यूडिकेचर पर ब्रिटिश कनिष्ठ जज, भाषा बिज्ञानी, प्राच्य बिज्ञानी (ओरिएंटलिस्ट) आ आ प्राचीन भारत के बिद्वान (इंडोलॉजिस्ट) रहलें। इनके खासतौर पर यूरोपीय आ [[इंडो-आर्यन भाषा|इंडो-आर्य भाषा]] सभ के बीच संबंध के अस्तित्व के प्रस्ताव खातिर जानल जाला, जिनहन के बाद में इंडो-यूरोपीय भाषा सभ के नाँव से जानल गइल। जोन्स के 1784 में [[एशियाटिक सोसाइटी ऑफ बंगाल]] के स्थापना के श्रेय भी दिहल जाला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == स्रोत ग्रंथ == * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sirrobertchamber0000curl|url-access=registration|title=Sir Robert Chambers: Law, Literature, & Empire in the Age of Johnson|first=Thomas M.|last=Curley|date=1998|page=[https://archive.org/details/sirrobertchamber0000curl/page/353 353]|isbn=0299151506|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|access-date=2019-07-17}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons|William Jones}} {{Wikiquote|William Jones}} {{wikisource author|William Jones}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Sir William Jones |birth=1746 |death=1794}} * {{Librivox author |id=2099}} * [http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp191_william_jones_orientalism.pdf Urs App: William Jones's Ancient Theology. ''Sino-Platonic Papers'' Nr. 191 (September 2009)] (PDF 3.7 Mb PDF, 125 p.; includes third, sixth, and ninth anniversary discourses) * [http://www.eliohs.unifi.it/testi/700/jones/Jones_Discourse_3.html The Third Anniversary Discourse, On The Hindus] * [http://www.chessdryad.com/caissa/caissa.htm Caissa or The Game at Chess; a Poem.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617184242/http://www.chessdryad.com/caissa/caissa.htm |date=2017-06-17 }} * [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7163926M/The_principles_of_government_in_a_dialogue_between_a_scholar_and_a_peasant. The principles of government; in a dialogue between a scholar and a peasant. (London?; 1783)] {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1746 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1794 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिश लोग]] [[श्रेणी:इंडोलॉजिस्ट]] {{Writer-stub}} {{People-stub}} ib003vxbghwfp2v11lhhvv8jfh9rq39 0 91032 814133 776393 2026-11-06T15:51:31Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[फिलिम]] सभ से कई गो आगम के धारा सभ से आमदनी होला जेह में थियेटर में प्रदर्शन, होम वीडियो, टेलीविजन प्रसारण अधिकार, आ मर्चेंडाइजिंग सामिल बाड़ें। नीचे बॉक्स-ऑफिस पर '''सभसे बेसी कमाई करे वाली फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट''' दिहल गइल बा: :{{box office table legend|#b6fcb6|icon={{†|alt=film currently playing}}}}<!-- Please do not remove this, or else the highlighting in the table becomes unintelligible. The date is set to update every Friday according to UTC time. --> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;" |+सभसे बेसी कमाई करे वाली फिलिम<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |access-date=April 6, 2022 |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]}}</ref> <!--When using "data-sort-value" use the first release date, not the U.S. one.--> ! scope="col" | रैंक ! scope="col" | पीक ! scope="col" | टाइटिल ! scope="col" | बैस्विक कमाई ! scope="col" | साल ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |संदर्भ |- <!-- This is an international chart and the film may still be on its theater run outside the U.S. even after its U.S. home video release. The highlighting alerts readers and editors to the fact that its gross is still being updated. Please do not remove the highlight until it is removed at http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ --> |1 |1 ! scope="row" | ''[[अवतार (2009 फिलिम)|अवतार]]'' | align="right" | $2,923,706,026 | style="text-align:center;" | 2009 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="avatar"/><ref group="#" name="avatar peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103063039/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=November 3, 2010}}</ref> |- |2 |1 ! scope="row" | ''[[अवेंजर्स: एंडगेम]]'' | align="right" | $2,797,501,328 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-04" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="endgame">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt4154796/ |title=Avengers: Endgame (2019) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107074435/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt4154796/ |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref group="#" name="endgame peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023105800/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref> |- |3 |3 ! scope="row" style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[अवतार: द वे ऑफ़ वाटर]]'' {{†|alt=film currently playing}} | align="right" | $2,320,246,732 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2022-12" | 2022 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="avatar2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1630029/|title=Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref> |- |4 |1 ! scope="row" style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[टाइटैनिक (1997 फिलिम)|टाइटैनिक]]'' {{†|alt=film currently playing}} | align="right" | {{ref|Titanic|T}}${{formatnum:{{#expr:1843373318+343550770+691642+71352+<!-- 2023 REISSUE -->70157472}}}}<!-- NOTE: Please do not "fix" the gross for Titanic. BOM is double-counting in the 2012 3D gross. See archived citation for correct amounts. When updating the total just type the 2023 reissue gross into the formula. --> | style="text-align:center;" | 1997 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="titanic"/><ref group="#" name="titanic peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010716094602/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=July 16, 2001}}</ref> |- |5 |3 ! scope="row" | ''[[स्टार वार्स: द फ़ोर्स अवेकेन्स]]'' | align="right" | $2,068,223,624 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2015-12" | 2015 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="sw7">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3305984517/ |title=Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=August 15, 2016}}</ref><ref group="#" name="sw7 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405200403/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=April 5, 2016}}</ref> |- |6 |4 ! scope="row" | ''[[अवेंजर्स: इन्फिनिटी वार]]'' | align="right" | $2,048,359,754 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2018-04" | 2018 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="infinity war">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3915469317/ |title=Avengers: Infinity War (2018) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 13, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="infinity war peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401194157/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> |- |7 |6 ! scope="row" | ''[[स्पाइडर-मैन: नो वे होम]]'' | align="right" | $1,921,847,111 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2021-12" | 2021 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="nwh">{{Cite web|title=Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10872600/|access-date=January 18, 2023 |quote=All Releases: $1,921,847,111; Original Release: $1,912,233,593 }}</ref><ref group="#" name="No Way Home peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729144809/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |archive-date=July 29, 2022}}</ref> |- |8 |3 ! scope="row" | ''[[जुरासिक वल्ड]]'' | align="right" | $1,671,537,444 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2015-06-10" | 2015 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="jurassic world">{{cite web |title=Jurassic World (2015) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0369610/ |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref><ref group="#" name="jurassic world peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126172916/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=November 26, 2015}}</ref> |- |9 |7 ! scope="row" | {{Sort|Lion King|[[द लायन किंग (2019 फिलिम)|''द लायन किंग'']]}} | align="right" | $1,656,943,394 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-07" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr403788293/|title=The Lion King|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref><ref group="#" name="endgame peak"/> |- |10 |3 ! scope="row" | {{Sort|अवेंजर्स|[[दि अवेंजर्स (2012 फिलिम)|''दि अवेंजर्स'']]}} | align="right" | $1,518,815,515 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2012-04" | 2012 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="avengers">{{cite web |title=The Avengers (2012) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0848228/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106134914/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0848228/?ref_=bo_cso_table_10 |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="avengers peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001185608/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref> |- |11 |4 ! scope="row" | ''[[फ्यूरियस 7]]'' | align="right" | $1,515,341,399 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2015-03" | 2015 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="fast7">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2820852/ |title=Furious 7 (2015) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 9, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="furious 7 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115331/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=June 26, 2015}}</ref> |- |12 |11 ! scope="row" | ''[[टॉप गन: मैव्रिक]]'' | align="right" | $1,493,491,858 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2022-05" | 2022 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="tgm">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1745960/|title=Top Gun: Maverick (2022)|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=March 1, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Maverick peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229140535/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |archive-date=December 29, 2022}}</ref> |- |13 |10 ! scope="row" | ''[[फ्रोजन II]]'' | align="right" | $1,450,026,933 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-11" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2424210945/|title=Frozen II|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref><ref group="#" name="covid peak">{{cite web |title=Top Lifetime Grosses – Worldwide |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801201335/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |archive-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> |- |14 |5 ! scope="row" | ''[[अवेंजर्स: एज ऑफ़ अल्ट्रान]]'' | align="right" | $1,402,809,540 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2015-04" | 2015 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2395427/ |title=Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218222910/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2395427/ |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |access-date=January 8, 2022}}</ref><ref group="#" name="furious 7 peak"/> |- |15 |9 ! scope="row" | ''[[ब्लैक पैंथर (फिलिम)|ब्लैक पैंथर]]'' | align="right" | $1,347,280,838 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2018-02" | 2018 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="black panther">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1825683/ |title=Black Panther (2018) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830210202/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1825683/ |archive-date=August 30, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2018}}</ref><ref group="#">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701190816/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=July 1, 2018}}</ref> |- |16 |3 ! scope="row" | ''[[हैरी पॉटर एंड डेथली हैलोज – पार्ट 2]]'' | align="right" | ${{formatnum:{{#expr:1342359942-181938-38277}}}}<!-- PER [[WP:BOXOFFICE]]. BOX OFFICE MOJO HAS DOUBLE-COUNTED THE 2018 AND 2021 DOMESTIC GROSSES SO THEY HAVE BEEN SUBTRACTED FROM THE TOTAL HERE.--> | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2011-07" | 2011 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="hp7.2"/><ref group="#" name="HP8 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031012438/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=October 31, 2011}}</ref> |- |17 |9 ! scope="row" | ''[[स्टार वार्स: द लास्ट जेदी]]'' | align="right" | $1,332,539,889 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2017-12-13" | 2017 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="sw8">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3764736517/ |title=Star Wars: The Last Jedi |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref group="#" name="SW8 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427125111/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=April 27, 2018}}</ref> |- |18 |12 ! scope="row" | ''[[जुरासिक वल्ड: फालेन किंगडम]]'' | align="right" | ${{formatnum:{{#expr:1310466296-1992871}}}}<!-- PER [[WP:BOXOFFICE]]. BOX OFFICE MOJO HAS DOUBLE-COUNTED THE 2020 REISSUE GROSS FOR THE UKRAINE SO IT HAS BEEN SUBTRACTED FROM THE TOTAL HERE.--> | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2018-06" | 2018 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt4881806/ |title=Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 12, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="infinity war peak"/> |- |19 |5 ! scope="row" | ''[[फ्रोजन (2013 फिलिम)|फ्रोजन]]'' | align="right" | {{ref|Frozen|F}}${{formatnum:{{#expr:1274219009-<!--JAPAN TOTAL BY 8/3/2014-->247650477+<!--JAPAN TOTAL-->249036646-<!--SPAIN TOTAL BY 7/27/2014-->21668593+<!--SPAIN TOTAL-->22492845+<!--NIGERIA TOTAL-->167333+<!--UK-->(40960083-39090985)/0.63866+(41087765-40960083)/0.64136+(41170608-41087765)/0.636+(42840559-41170608)/0.7497+(42976318-42840559)/0.742+<!--GERMANY-->42526744-35098170 round -6}}}} | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2013-11" | 2013 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="Frozen"/><ref group="#" name="frozen peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702050222/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=July 2, 2014}}</ref> |- |20 |10 ! scope="row" | ''[[ब्यूटी एंड द बीस्ट (2017 फिलिम)|ब्यूटी एंड द बीस्ट]]'' | align="right" | $1,263,521,126 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2017-03" | 2017 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="beauty">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1429688837/ |title=Beauty and the Beast (2017) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Beauty peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211010216/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=December 11, 2017}}</ref> |- |21 |21 ! scope="row" style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[द सुपर मारियो ब्रोस. मूवी]]'' {{†|alt=film currently playing}} | align="right" | $1,249,158,920 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2023-04" | 2023 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="Super Mario BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt6718170/|title=The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023)|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Super Mario TN">{{Cite The Numbers|id=Super-Mario-Bros-Movie-The-(2022)|title=The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023)|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref> |- |22 |15 ! scope="row" | ''[[इन्क्रेडिबल्स 2]]'' | align="right" | $1,242,805,359 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2018-06" | 2018 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2507690501/ |title=Incredibles 2 (2018) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="infinity war peak"/> |- |23 |11 ! scope="row" | {{Sort|फेट ऑफ द फ्यूरियस|''[[द फेट ऑफ द फ्यूरियस]]''}} | align="right" |{{ref |Fast 8|F8}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE GROSS WITHOUT DISCUSSING IT ON TALK PAGE FIRST. SEE ATTACHED NOTE FOR REASONS. -->$1,238,764,765 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2017-04" | 2017 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=furious8.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822151827/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=furious8.htm |title=The Fate of the Furious (2017) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|archive-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Beauty peak"/> |- |24 |5 ! scope="row" | ''[[आयरन मैन 3]]'' | align="right" | $1,214,811,252 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2013-04" | 2013 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="iron man 3">{{cite web |title=Iron Man 3 (2013) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1532659201/ |access-date=October 28, 2013}}</ref><ref group="#" name="iron man 3 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221101228/http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=February 21, 2014}}</ref> |- |25 |10 ! scope="row" | ''[[मिनियंस (फिलिम)|मिनियंस]]'' | align="right" | $1,159,444,662 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2015-06-17" | 2015 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2293640/ |title=Minions (2015) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="jurassic world peak"/> |- |26 |12 ! scope="row" | ''[[कैप्टन अमेरिका: सिविल वार]]'' | align="right" | $1,153,337,496 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2016-05" | 2016 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="civil war">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt3498820/ |title=Captain America: Civil War (2016) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106231628/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt3498820/?ref_=bo_cso_table_25 |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="civil war peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801231148/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=August 1, 2016}}</ref> |- |27 |20 ! scope="row" | ''[[अक्वामैन (फिलिम)|अक्वामैन]]'' | align="right" | $1,148,528,393 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2018-12" | 2018 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1477834/ |title=Aquaman (2018) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="infinity war peak"/> |- |28 |2 ! scope="row" | {{Sort|लॉर्ड ऑफ द रिंग्स: रिटर्न ऑफ द किंग|''[[द लॉर्ड ऑफ द रिंग्स: रिटर्न ऑफ द किंग]]''}} | align="right" | $1,147,633,833 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2003-12" | 2003 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="lotr3"/><ref group="#" name="ROTK peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605104640/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=June 5, 2004}}</ref> |- |29 |24{{ref |LOTR3|RK}} ! scope="row" | ''[[स्पाइडर-मैन: फार फ्राम होम]]'' | align="right" | $1,131,927,996 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-06-28" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt6320628/|title=Spider-Man: Far From Home|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=November 27, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="endgame peak"/> |- |30 |23{{ref |LOTR3|RK}} ! scope="row" | ''[[कैप्टन मार्वल (फिलिम)|कैप्टन मार्वल]]'' | align="right" | $1,128,274,794 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-03" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="captain marvel">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3085718021/ |title=Captain Marvel (2019) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="captain marvel peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723022509/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> |- |31 |5{{ref |LOTR3|RK}} ! scope="row" | ''[[ट्रांसफार्मर्स: डार्क ऑफ द मून]]'' | align="right" | $1,123,794,079 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2011-06" | 2011 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1399103/ |title=Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 18, 2014}}</ref><ref group="#" name="HP8 peak"/> |- |32 |7 ! scope="row" | ''[[स्काइफाल]]'' | align="right" | $1,108,569,499 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2012-10" | 2012 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1074638/ |title=Skyfall (2012) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017023424/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1074638/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Skyfall peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303064100/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref> |- |33 |10 ! scope="row" | ''[[ट्रांसफार्मर्स: एज ऑफ एक्स्टिंक्शन]]'' | align="right" | $1,104,054,072 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2014-06" | 2014 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="transformers">{{cite web |title=Transformers: Age of Extinction |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2109248/ |access-date=May 17, 2015}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Transformers 4 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102142043/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=November 2, 2014}}</ref> |- |34 |7 ! scope="row" | {{Sort|डार्क नाईट राइजेज|''[[द डार्क नाईट राइजेज]]''}} | align="right" | $1,081,169,825 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2012-07" | 2012 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1345836/ |title=The Dark Knight Rises (2012) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=November 4, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Ice Age 3 peak" group="#">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203161005/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=December 3, 2012}}</ref> |- |35 |31 ! scope="row" | ''[[जोकर (2019 फिलिम)|जोकर]]'' | align="right" | $1,074,458,282 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-10" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt7286456/|title=Joker (2019)|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=November 30, 2022}}</ref><ref group="#" name="covid peak"/> |- |36 |32 ! scope="row" | ''[[स्टार वार्स: द राइज ऑफ स्काइवाकर]]'' | align="right" | $1,074,144,248 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-12" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3305145857/|title=Star Wars: Episode IX - The Rise of Skywalker|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=March 21, 2020}}</ref><ref group="#" name="covid peak"/> |- |37 |30 ! scope="row" | ''[[टॉय स्टोरी 4]]'' | align="right" | $1,073,394,593 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-06-19" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/|title=Toy Story 4|website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]|access-date=December 7, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="endgame peak"/> |- |38 |4{{ref |TS3|TS3}} ! scope="row" | ''[[टॉय स्टोरी 3]]'' | align="right" | $1,066,970,811 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2010-06" | 2010 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="ts3"/><ref name="toy story 3 peak" group="#">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718213347/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref> |- |39 |3 ! scope="row" | ''[[पाइरेट्स ऑफ द कैरेबियन: डेड मैन्स चेस्ट]]'' | align="right" | $1,066,179,747 | style="text-align:center;" | 2006 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="potc2"/><ref group="#" name="POTC 2 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201034741/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=December 1, 2006}}</ref> |- |40 |20 ! scope="row" | ''[[रोग वन: अ स्टार वार्स स्टोरी]]'' | align="right" | ${{formatnum:{{#expr:1058682142-1261755}}}}<!-- PER [[WP:BOXOFFICE]]. BOX OFFICE MOJO HAS DOUBLE-COUNTED THE 2022 REISSUE GROSS FOR COLOMBIA SO IT HAS BEEN SUBTRACTED FROM THE TOTAL HERE.--> | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2016-12" | 2016 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt3748528/ |title=Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=September 2, 2022}}</ref><ref group="#" name="rogue one peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419162412/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=April 19, 2017}}</ref> |- |41 |34 ! scope="row" | ''[[अलादीन (2019 फिलिम)|अलादीन]]'' | align="right" | $1,050,693,953 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2019-05" | 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3246360065/ |title=Aladdin (2019) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref><ref group="#" name="endgame peak"/> |- |42 |6 ! scope="row" | ''[[पाइरेट्स ऑफ द कैरेबियन: ऑन स्ट्रेंजर टाइड्स]]'' | align="right" | $1,045,713,802 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2011-05" | 2011 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl4117267969/ |title=Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=August 22, 2011}}</ref><ref group="#" name="toy story 3 peak"/> |- |43 |24 ! scope="row" | ''[[डेस्पीकेबल मी 3]]'' | align="right" | $1,034,800,131 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2017-06" | 2017 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt3469046/ |title=Despicable Me 3 (2017) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Beauty peak"/> |- |44 |1 ! scope="row" | ''[[जुरासिक पार्क (फिलिम)|जुरासिक पार्क]]'' | align="right" | ${{formatnum:{{#expr:1033928303+<!--2022 REISSUE-->270700}}}} | style="text-align:center;" | 1993 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="jp"/><ref group="#" name="Jurassic Park peak">{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Krämer |chapter=Women First: Titanic, Action-Adventure Films, and Hollywood's Female Audience |pages=[https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse/page/108 108]–[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA130 130] |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor1-last=Sandler |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |quote=On page 130, the list has ''Jurassic Park'' at number one with $913&nbsp;million, followed by ''The Lion King''... |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse/page/108 }}</ref> |- |45 |22 ! scope="row" | ''[[फाइंडिंग डोरी]]'' | align="right" | $1,028,570,942 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2016-06" | 2016 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2277860/ |title=Finding Dory (2016) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929163621/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2277860/?ref_=bo_cso_table_44 |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Dory peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225234827/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> |- |46 |2 ! scope="row" | ''[[स्टार वार्स: एपिसोड I – द फैंटम मीनाक]]'' | align="right" | $1,027,082,707 | style="text-align:center;" | 1999 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="tpm"/><ref group="#" name="titanic peak"/> |- |47 |5 ! scope="row" | ''[[एलिस इन वंडरलैंड (2010 फिलिम)|एलिस इन वंडरलैंड]]'' | align="right" | $1,025,468,216 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2010-02" | 2010 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1014759/ |title=Alice in Wonderland (2010) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Alice peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701022108/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref> |- |48 |24 ! scope="row" | ''[[जूटोपिया]]'' | align="right" | $1,023,784,195 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2016-03" | 2016 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="zootopia">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1680691717/ |title=Zootopia (2016) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 7, 2017}}</ref><ref group="#" name="civil war peak"/> |- |49 |14 ! scope="row" | {{Sort|होबिट: अनएक्सपेक्टेड जर्नी|''[[द हॉबिट: एन अनएक्सपेक्टेड जर्नी]]''}} | align="right" | $1,017,030,651 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2012-11" | 2012 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{Cite web |title=The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0903624/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]]}}</ref><ref group="#" name="Hobbit 1 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402221510/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world |archive-date=April 2, 2013}}</ref> |- |50 |2 ! scope="row" | ''[[हैरी पॉटर एंड द फिलोसोफर्स स्टोन (फिलिम)|हैरी पॉटर एंड द फिलोसोफर्स स्टोन]]''<!-- The international film title and the article name is "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". Please do not change to the U.S. and India-only title "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone". --> | align="right" | {{ref |Philosopher's Stone|HP1}}${{formatnum:{{#expr:1023842938-<!--BRAZIL 2020-->3552958-<!--ITALY 2021-->4410216-<!--NETHERLANDS 2021-->4328645-<!--SOUTH KOREA 2021-->2504289}}}}<!-- Please do not "correct" the total. Box Office Mojo has double counted some of the reissue grosses so they have been deducted from the total. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Film/Film_finance_task_force#Box_Office_Mojo --> | style="text-align:center;" | 2001 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#" name="hp1"/><ref group="#" name="HP1 peak">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030402135656/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=April 2, 2003}}</ref> |} {{Refbegin|}} {{note label|Titanic|T||The totals given for ''Titanic'' at [[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] and [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] are both incorrect. Prior to the 2023 re-release, the totals at both trackers were inflated above the true figure. {{bulleted list|As of 2019, Box Office Mojo correctly recorded that ''Titanic'' had grossed $1.843 billion on its original release, $344 million from its 3D reissue in 2012, and a further $692,000 from a limited release in 2017 for a lifetime total of $2.187 billion.<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass-->|title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |via=[[वेबैक मशीन]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |access-date=October 27, 2019}}</ref> Following a limited re-release in 2020, Box Office Mojo incorrectly added $7 million to the original release total.<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass-->|title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |via=[[वेबैक मशीन]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030074558/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |access-date=October 30, 2020}}</ref> By the end of 2021, Box Office Mojo had corrected the original release total, but added the $7 million figure to both the 2012 and 2017 reissue totals, incorrectly increasing the lifetime total by $14 million to $2.202 billion.<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass-->|title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |via=[[वेबैक मशीन]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026222823/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> At the beginning of 2023, Box Office Mojo corrected the total for the 2017 reissue, bringing the lifetime gross down to $2.195 billion, but retained the error in the 2012 reissue.<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass-->|title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |via=[[वेबैक मशीन]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205001927/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |access-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref> | The Numbers does not log individual releases, but had the lifetime total recorded as $2.186 billion in September 2014 (roughly equating to $1.843 billion for the original release and $343.6 million for the 3D reissue).<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass-->|title=Titanic |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |via=[[वेबैक मशीन]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902192258/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/#tab=summar&tab=summary |access-date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> A couple of weeks later, The Numbers increased the lifetime gross to $2.208 billion, without explanation.<ref>{{cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass-->|title=Titanic |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |via=[[वेबैक मशीन]] |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913203854/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/#tab=summary&tab=summary |access-date=September 13, 2014}}</ref>}}}} {{note label|Frozen|F||[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] stopped updating its main total for ''Frozen'' in August 2014, while it was still in release. The total listed here incorporates subsequent earnings in Japan, Nigeria, Spain, the United Kingdom and Germany up to the end of 2015 but omits earnings in Turkey, Iceland, Brazil, and Australia (2016), which amount to a few hundred thousand dollars. The total is rounded to $1&nbsp;million to compensate for the numerical inaccuracy. It was re-released in the United Kingdom in December 2017 with ''[[Olaf's Frozen Adventure]]'' earning an additional $2.3 million.}} {{note label|Fast 8|F8||In the case of ''The Fate of the Furious'' the gross is from an archived version of Box Office Mojo, after irregularities were discovered in the current figure. Ongoing weekly drops in the totals for several countries—Argentina being the worst affected—led to a drop in the overall worldwide total.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=AR&id=furious8.htm |title=The Fate of the Furious (2017) – International Box Office Results: Argentina |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> In view of what appears to be an aberration in the source, a previous figure is provided.}} {{note label|LOTR3|RK||''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' saw its original gross corrected in early 2020. The result of this correction is that ''Spider-Man: Far From Home'', ''Captain Marvel'' and ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon'' all peaked one place lower than shown in the accompanying source.}} {{note label|TS3|TS3||Box Office Mojo revised the grosses for Pixar films in August 2016, resulting in the gross for ''Toy Story 3'' being corrected from $1.063&nbsp;billion to $1.067&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pixar Movies at the Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=pixar.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816210106/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=pixar.htm |archive-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pixar Movies at the Box Office |website=[[बॉक्स ऑफिस मोजो]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=pixar.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820153822/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=pixar.htm |archive-date=August 20, 2016}}</ref> This means that it peaked at number 4 at the end of its run, ahead of ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest]]'', rather than at number 5 as indicated by the source.}} {{note label|Philosopher's Stone|HP1||The ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' reissue totals recorded by Box Office Mojo for Brazil (2020), Italy (2021), Netherlands (2021) and South Korea (2021) have been deducted from the lifetime gross due to Box Office Mojo double-counting the original release grosses in those countries.}} {{Refend}} == नोट == <references group="#"/> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:सिनेमा]] ibzqasgxosgys58f92urs79v1se09i3 0 91092 813951 781879 2026-11-06T12:59:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NZs-longest-place-name.jpg|upright=1.5|thumb|न्यूजीलैंड में एगो साइन-बोर्ड जवना प एगो पहाड़ी के नाँव लिखल बाटे जे अस्वाभाविक रूप से गजबे लमहर शब्द हवे :Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu (85 [[कैरेक्टर (चीन्हा)|कैरेक्टर]] वाला)]] '''शब्द''' ({{Lang|en|word}}) [[भाषा]] के आधारभूत तत्व हवे जे कौनों बस्तुगत (ऑब्जेक्टिव) चाहे बेहवारिक (प्रैक्टिकल) अरथ (भा मतलब) वाला होला, अपने-आप में अकेलहूँ इस्तेमाल कइल जा सके ला, आ बिना बेवधान के बोलल जाला। भले भाषा के बोले वाला लोगन में शब्द का होला एकरा बारे में सहज अवबोध होला, [[भाषा बिज्ञान|भाषाविज्ञानी]] लोग एकरा परिभाषा पर एकमत ना बा लोग आ कई गो कोसिस एकरा के परिभाषित करे के पैमाना सभ के निर्धारण खातिर भइल बा बाकी ई बिसय आ कांसेप्ट अबहिन ले बिबादास्पदे बाटे। आम व्याकरण के किताबिन में एकर परिभाषा उच्चारण कइल जाए वाली इकाई के रूप में कइल जाला आ सार्थक (मने जेकर कौनों अरथ होखे) आ निरर्थक (बिना अरथ वाला) शब्द के रूप में बिभाजन कइल जाला। शब्दन के समूह से ''[[फ्रेज]]'', ''[[क्लॉज]]'' आ [[वाक्य]] बने लें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:व्याकरण]] [[श्रेणी:भाषा विज्ञान]] {{linguistics-stub}} p2uh5hu4lsvycts7smedrnnsrgvqvf7 0 91113 813752 781882 2026-11-06T12:08:31Z SM7Bot 7808 /* स्रोत ग्रंथ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813752 wikitext text/x-wiki परंपरागत [[व्याकरण]] में, '''वाक्य''' ({{Lang|en|sentence}}; ''सेंटेंस'') [[शब्द]]न के अइसन लर होला जेकर पूरा-पूरा अरथ निकले। सार्थक शब्दन के मेल से बने वाला अइसन इकाई, जवना के पढ़ला भा सुनला से, कहेवाला के भाव सुनेवाला सही-सही बूझ जाय। एह तरीका से वाक्य [[भाषा]] के बुनियादी इकाई होला जेकर पूरा-पूरा अरथ भा भाव निकले। वाक्य, अइसन व्याकरण के नियम सभ के हिसाब से वाक्य विन्यास ([[सिंटैक्स]]) में सजल शब्दन के इस्तेमाल से करे में सक्षम होखे ला। आमतौर प वाक्य के बारे में कहल जाला कि एह में कम-से-कम दू गो शब्द जरूर होखे के चाहीं। बिना एकरे वाक्य पूरा अरथ ना जाहिर क पावे ला। हालाँकि, कबो-काल्ह एकहू शब्द के वाक्य हो सके ला।{{sfn|शर्मा|2007|p=131}} उदाहरन खातिर: राम श्याम से पुछलन कि कहिया अइलऽ, जेकर श्याम जबाब दिहलन "काल्ह"। हेइजा "काल्ह" अपने आप में एकही शब्द के पूरा वाक्य मानल जाई। वाक्य के दू हिस्सा होखे लें ''सब्जेक्ट'' (उद्देश्य) आ ''प्रेडीकेट'' (विधेय)। वाक्य द्वारा कौनों कथन भा कहनाम कहल जा सके ला, प्रश्न भा सवाल पूछल जा सके ला, बिस्मय जाहिर कइल जा सके ला, अनुरोध भा निहोरा कइल जा सके ला, आदेस दिहल जा सके ला, चाहे सलाह-सुझाव दिहल जा सके ला। वाक्य-विमर्श व्याकरण के बेसिक अंग हवे। वाक्य के भीतर शब्दन के रूप आ क्रम भा बिन्यास के अध्ययन वाक्य विज्ञान ([[सिंटैक्स|सिंटैक्टिक्स]]) कहाला। == बर्गीकरण == वाक्य के वर्गीकरण दू आधार प कइल जाला - वाक्य के ढाँचा (संरचना भा स्ट्रक्चर) के आधार पर, आ वाक्य के काम (फंक्शन) के आधार प। === बनावट भा ढाँचा के आधार प === * सरल चाहे साधारण वाक्य (simple sentence): * संजुक्त वाक्य (compound): * मिश्रित वाक्य (complex): * संजुक्त-मिश्रित (चाहे मिश्रित-संजुक्त) (compound-complex sentence): === काम भा फंक्शन के आधार प === * कथनात्मक (assertive): * प्रश्नवाचक (interrogative): * आदेशात्मक (imperative): * विस्मयादिबोधक (exclamatory): कुछ दशा में कथनात्मक के सकारात्मक (विधेयवाचक) आ नकारात्मक (भा निषेधवाचक) में बाँट दिहल जाला; आदेश, अनुरोध भा सलाह वालन के आदेशात्मक आ इच्छावाचक में बाँट दिहल जाला; आ इनहन के अलावा कुछ लोगन द्वारा संकेतवाचक आ संदेहवाचक अउरियो दू किसिम बतावल जाला।{{sfn|शर्मा|2007|p=151}} {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} == स्रोत ग्रंथ == * <!-- {{sfn|शर्मा|2007|p=}} -->{{cite book |last1=शर्मा |first1=रामकिशोर |title=भाषाविज्ञान, हिंदी भाषा और लिपि |date=2007 |publisher=लोकभारती प्रकाशन |location=[[इलाहाबाद]] |isbn=978-81-8031-176-5 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mgPPDQe7CxEC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA146&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&f=false |access-date=27 मई 2023 |language=hi}} * <!-- {{sfn|पाण्डेय|2014|p=87}} -->{{cite book |last1=पाण्डेय |first1=श्रुतिकान्त |title=हिन्दी भाषा और इसकी शिक्षण विधियाँ: हिन्दी भाषा और शिक्षण विधियों की परिचायक |date=2014 |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-203-5003-8 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=b7RHBQAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA87&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA87#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&f=false |access-date=27 मई 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> * <!-- {{sfn|कपूर|2008|p=178}} -->{{cite book |last1=कपूर |first1=बदरीनाथ |title=Vakya Sanrachana Aur Vishleshan : Naye Pratiman |date=2008 |publisher=Radhakrishna Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8361-225-8 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cRWZDeqEGNEC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA178&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA178#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&f=false |access-date=27 मई 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> [[श्रेणी:व्याकरण]] [[श्रेणी:भाषा विज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:वाक्य| ]] {{grammar-stub}} c9w5rwxjcj1b20xrx2iywuziv670ai3 0 91182 813884 781885 2026-11-06T12:53:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विलोम''' भा '''बिलोम''' शब्द ({{Lang|en|opposites words}} चाहे antonym) अइसन शब्द होला जे दुसरे शब्द के ठीक उलटा भा बिपरीत अरथ वाला होखे। आमतौर पर अइसन शब्द एक दुसरे के उलटा अरथ में परंपरा के हिसाब से रूढ़ हो जालें आ जोड़ा में पहिचानल जालें; जइसे — ''दिन'' के बिलोम ''रात'', ''आकास'' के बिलोम ''पाताल'' वगैरह। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[पर्यायवाची]] * ''[[कंट्रोनिम]]'' {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:शब्द प्रकार]] {{Linguistics-stub}} rsnikr45i81cpc4dhwjlmtfe3vj403c 0 91184 814056 781887 2026-11-06T13:42:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814056 wikitext text/x-wiki परंपरागत [[व्याकरण]] में '''[[संज्ञा]]''' (नाँव) के '''पाँच गो भेद''' भा प्रकार ({{Lang|en|classification of noun}}) बतावल जालें — व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, समूहवाचक, द्रव्यवाचक आ भाववाचक। ई वर्गीकरण के सिस्टम एह बात प आधारित हवे कि कौनों नाँव से कवना किसिम के चीज के बोध हो रहल बाटे। कौनों एक चीज के भा ब्यक्ति के नाँव व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा कहाला, जवना नाँव से कौनों पूरा जाति के बोध होखे ओकरा जातिवाचक संज्ञा कहल जाला, प्रानी भा बस्तु के झुंड भा समूह के बोध करावे वाला नाँव समूहवाचक संज्ञा होला, कौनों नापल-तउलल जा सके वाला पदार्थ के नाँव द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा होला आ कौनों भाव-बिचार के नाँव भाववाचक संज्ञा कहाला। आधुनिक [[भाषा विज्ञान]] में '''''नाउन क्लास''''' ({{Lang|en|noun class}}) संज्ञा के बिसेस किसिम के कटेगरी होला भा संज्ञा के वर्गीकरण के सिस्टम होला जे, संज्ञा से जेकर भा जवना चीज के नाँव के बोध हो रहल होखे (रिफरेंट), ओकरे लच्छन के आधार पर वर्ग भा कटेगरी में बाँटे ला; एह बँटवारा के आधार चीज के नर भा मादा होखल, सजीव भा निर्जीव होखल वगैरह हो सके ला। एकरे अलावा नाउन क्लास में बाँटे के आधार संज्ञा के रूप (मॉर्फ़ोलॉजी) भी हो सके ला चाहे ई बँटवारा के सिस्टम एकदम से अटरेंडम आ रूढ़ि आधारित भी हो सके ला। नाउन क्लास के [[नाउन क्लासिफायर]] से अलगा बूझे के चाहीं। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:व्याकरण]] [[श्रेणी:भाषा विज्ञान]] {{grammar-stub}} 5ew7hc0kse8x4abb9n8zuzvgkza3t5a 0 91265 813762 804349 2026-11-06T12:09:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Estatesgeneral.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|5 मई 1789 के [[1789 के इस्टेट्स जनरल|इस्टेट्स जनरल]] के उद्घाटन, वर्सेलीज में।]] '''वामपंथी राजनीति''' ({{Lang|en|left-wing politics}}) भा '''वामपंथ''' ({{Lang|en|leftism}}) अइसन राजनीतिक बिचारधारा सभ के राजनीति ह जे सामाजिक समानता आ समतावाद के समर्थन करे लीं आ हासिल करे के कोसिस करे लीं, अक्सरहा सामाजिक पदानुक्रम (हैरार्की) के बिरोध में।<ref name="Smith">{{cite book|author-last1=Smith |author-first1=T. Alexander |author-first2=Raymond |author-last2=Tatalovich |title=Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit |url-access=registration |location=Toronto, Canada |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit/page/30 30] |isbn=9781551113340}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Bobbio |author-first1=Norberto |author-first2=Allan |author-last2=Cameron |title=Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction |url=https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb |url-access=limited |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1997 |page=[https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb/page/n58 37]}}</ref><ref name="Lukes">{{cite book|author-last1=Ball |author-first1=Terence |title=The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought |date=2005 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521563543 |edition=Reprint. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1h4_NqTOFoC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Twentieth-Century+Political+Thought |access-date=15 November 2016 |page=614}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Thompson |author-first1=Willie |title=The Left In History: Revolution and Reform in Twentieth-Century Politic |url=https://archive.org/details/leftinhistoryrev0000will |date=1997 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |location=London |isbn=978-0745308913}}</ref> वामपंथी राजनीति में आमतौर पर समाज के ओह लोगन सभ के चिंता होला जिन्हन लोगन के एकर अनुयायी लोग दुसरा के सापेक्ष वंचित माने ला आ साथे-साथ इहो बिस्वास होला कि अनुचित असमानता बाड़ी सऽ जिनहना के कम करे भा खतम करे के जरूरत बा।<ref name="Smith"/> [[फ्रांसीसी क्रांति]] के दौरान फ्रांसीसी [[इस्टेट्स जनरल (फ्रांस)|इस्टेट्स जनरल]] में बइठे के ब्यवस्था के आधार प एह आधुनिक बाएँ-दहिने के राजनीतिक स्पेक्ट्रम के शब्दावली गढ़ल गइल हवे। आमतौर पर बाईं ओर बइठल लोग आसियाँ रेजिम आ बूर्बों राजतंत्र के बिरोध करे वाला आ क्रांति, लोकतांत्रिक गणतंत्र के निर्माण आ समाज के धर्मनिरपेक्षीकरण के समर्थन करे वाला लोग रहल<ref name="Knapp">{{cite book|author-last1=Knapp |author-first1=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/governmentpoliti0000knap |title=The government and politics of France |author-last2=Wright |author-first2=Vincent |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35732-6 |edition=5th |location=London [u.a.] |quote=the government and politics of france.|url-access=registration}}</ref> जबकि दाहिना ओर के लोग आसियाँ रेजिम के परंपरागत संस्था सभ के समर्थन करे वाला रहल। वामपंथी शब्द के इस्तेमाल 1815 में फ्रांसीसी राजतंत्र के बहाली के बाद अउरी बढ़-चढ़ भइल जब एकरा के निर्दलीय लोग (इंडिपेंडेंट्स) पर लागू कइल गइल।<ref>{{cite book|title=Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions |date=1996 |editor-first=Pierre |editor-last=Nora |chapter=Right and Left |author-first=Marcel |author-last=Gauchet |pages=248}}</ref> ''विंग'' शब्द के पहिली बेर 19वीं सदी के अंत में लेफ्ट आ राइट में जोड़ल गइल, आमतौर पर अपमानजनक इरादा से आ '''वामपंथी''' (लेफ्टिस्ट) शब्द के इस्तेमाल ओह लोग पर कइल गइल जे लोग अपना धार्मिक भा राजनीतिक बिचार में गैर-रूढ़िवादी रहल। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[चरम-वामपंथी राजनीति]] * [[मार्क्सवाद]] * [[दक्षिणपंथी राजनीति]] {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:वामपंथी राजनीति| ]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीतिक स्पेक्ट्रम]] [[श्रेणी:राजनीतिक शब्दावली]] {{poli-stub}} l6vhw08nru73urlohvqcwp3z1lv6f5m 0 91306 814055 753940 2026-11-06T13:42:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814055 wikitext text/x-wiki [[संस्कृत व्याकरण]] में '''संज्ञा''' व्याकरण में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला कुछ टेक्निकल भा पारिभाषिक चीजन के नाँव ह। ''[[लघुसिद्धांतकौमुदी]]'' में अइसन एगो पूरा खंड बाटे जेकरा के संज्ञा प्रकरण कहल जाला, ई सभसे शुरुआती खंड हवे जहाँ बिबिध किसिम के व्याकरणिक परिभाषा सभ के बिबरन दिहल गइल बाटे। ''संज्ञायतेऽनया इति संज्ञा'' - के रूप में खुद "संज्ञा" शब्द के नाँवउत्पत्ती बतावल गइल बा - "जेकरा द्वारा संज्ञा (मने की नाँव) के बोध करावल जाय ऊ (शब्द) संज्ञा हा"। पाणिनीय व्याकरण में अइसन सूत्र सभ जे संज्ञा के बिधान करे लें "संज्ञा सूत्र" कहालें। उदाहरन खातिर ''वृद्धिरादैच्'' एगो संज्ञा सूत्र ह जे बतावे ला कि 'आत्' आ 'ऐच्' के वृद्धि संज्ञा होला। मतलब कि जब वृद्धि कहल जाय तब एकरा से आशय आ, ऐ अउरी औ बूझल जाए के चाहीं। एही तरीका से [[इत् संज्ञा]], लोप संज्ञा, प्रत्याहार संज्ञा, ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत, उदात्त, अनुदात्त, स्वरित, अनुनासिक, सवर्ण, संहिता, संयोग, आ पद संज्ञा बतावल गइल बाड़ी जे संस्कृत व्याकरण के बेसिक पारिभाषिक शब्दावली हईं स। == इहो देखल जाय == * [[इत् संज्ञा]] * [[माहेश्वर सूत्र]] * [[संज्ञा]] (आम व्याकरण में [[पार्ट ऑफ़ स्पीच]]) {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृत व्याकरण]] {{grammar-stub}} 5sbd28hd9u61iz4ina0g414tb2nucs9 0 91445 813936 781914 2026-11-06T12:57:57Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other|व्यंजन}} परंपरागत [[व्याकरण]] में '''व्यंजन''' ({{Lang|en|consonant}}; ''कान्सोनैन्ट'') अइसन वर्ण सभ के रूप में परिभाषित कइल जाला जिनहन के उच्चारण बिना [[स्वर|स्वर वर्ण]] के मदद के ना हो सके। आधुनिक [[भाषा बिज्ञान|भाषाबिज्ञान]] में एकरा अइसन ध्वनी (आवाज; ''स्पीच साउंड'') के इकाई के रूप परिभाषित कइल जाला जेकरा उच्चारण खातिर [[वोकल ट्रैक्ट]] के पूरा तरीका से चाहे एकर कुछ हिस्सा के बंद करे के पड़े; जबकि स्वर सभ के उच्चारण में वोकल ट्रैक्ट खुलल रहे ला। उदाहरन खातिर प, फ, ब, भ, म के बोले खातिर ओठ सटावे के परे ला; त, थ, वगैरह के बोले में जीभ दांत प टिकावे के पड़े ला। [[श्रेणी:व्याकरण]] [[श्रेणी:वर्णमाला]] [[श्रेणी:भाषा विज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:व्यंजन वर्ण]] {{linguistics-stub}} ggo9cpvs0j2jpra9hqyonu1h30wfjdx 0 91748 813834 757116 2026-11-06T12:50:33Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विंध्याचल मंदिर''', '''विंध्यवासिनी मंदिर''' भा माता '''विंध्यवासिनी धाम''', भारतीय राज्य [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[मिर्जापुर जिला]] के [[विंध्याचल]] में एगो हिंदू मंदिर बाटे। ई हिंदू देवी [[विंध्यवासिनी]] के समर्पित मंदिर हवे जे विष्णु के माया रूप मानल जाली। [[श्रेणी:हिंदू मंदिर]] {{Hinduism-stub}} 280cz80v2y2yr7f4o9lxw3uiw4nnaew 0 92424 814041 760975 2026-11-06T13:05:51Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''श्लोक''' (भोजपुरी उच्चारण बहुधा: अस्लोक) [[संस्कृत]] में रचल कौनहूँ [[कबिता]] के कह दिहल जाला। हालाँकि, बिसेस रूप से चिन्हित करे पर ई [[अनुष्टुप छंद]] के नाँव हवे जेह में आठ-आठ मात्रा के चार गो चरण होखे लें। ई [[वेद|वैदिक]] ''[[अनुष्टुप छंद|अनुष्टुभ् छंद]]'' से निकलल हवे हालाँकि ओकरा ले कुछ भिन्न हवे। ई बहुत पॉपुलर छंद हवे आ संस्कृत साहित्य के सभसे बेसी चलन के छंद मानल जा सके ला। एकर एगो अउरी दूसर नाँव '''पद्य''' हवे, हालाँकि, इहो आमतौर प कौनहूँ कबिता नियर रचना के कह दिहल जाला। कई गो बहुत महत्व वाला ग्रंथ सभ के रचना एह छंद में भइल बा आ बहुत सारा कबी लोग अपना रचना सभ में बीच-बीच में एकर इस्तमाल कइले बाटे। [[महाभारत]] के हिस्सा मानल जाए वाली आ [[हिंदू धर्म]] में बहुत महत्व के पुस्तक मानल जाए वाली [[गीता|श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता]] एही छंद में रचल गइल हवे। [[सत्यनारायण कथा|सत्यनारायण के कथा]] एही श्लोके छंद में लिखल गइल हवे। == उदाहरण == {{quote| धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः।<br> ममाकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय॥ | source=गीता, अध्याय 1, श्लोक 1}} {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:छंद]] {{Lit-stub}} s6yfmaquzbqprzcj9fo1meenr45h8dg 0 92443 814112 761008 2026-11-06T15:49:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण वाहन लॉन्च पैड */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox government agency | name = सतीश धवन अंतरिक्ष केंद्र (SDSC) | native_name = सतीश धवन अंतरिक्ष केंद्र | native_name_a = | native_name_r = | seal = | seal_size = | logo = Isro logo.gif | logo_size = 150px | image = GSLV-F08 Liftoff 4.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[जीएसएलवी]] की लॉन्चिंग | formed = 1 अक्टूबर 1971 | preceding1 = | preceding2 = | jurisdiction = [[भारत सरकार]] | headquarters = [[श्रीहरीकोटा]], [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश|आंध्र प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | latd = 13 | longd = 80 | latm = 43 | lats = 12 | latNS = N | longm = 13 | longs = 49 | longEW = E | region_code = IN-AP | employees = अज्ञात (2008) | budget = देखें - [[भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संस्थान#बजट]] | chief1_name = | chief1_position = | chief2_name = | chief2_position = | parent_agency = [[भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन|इसरो]] | child2_agency = | website = [http://www.shar.gov.in/Main.html] इसरो श्रीहरिकोटा मुखपृष्ठ | map = Satish Dhawan Space Centre.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = | footnotes = }}'''सतीश धवन स्पेस सेंटर''' [[इसरो|भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन]] (इसरो) के उपग्रह आ रॉकेट लॉन्च केंद्र ह। ई [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] के तिरुपति जिला के [[श्रीहरिकोटा]] में स्थित बा, एकरा के 'श्रीहरिकोटा रेंज' भा 'श्रीहरिकोटा लॉन्चिंग रेंज' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला। 2002 में इसरो के प्रबंधक रहल आ वैज्ञानिक सतीश धवन के सम्मान में मरणोपरांत एकर पुरानका नाँव बदल के वर्तमान नाँव रखल गइल। === प्रक्षेपण वाहन के असेंबली खातिर दूसरा भवन === केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल 12 सितंबर 2013 के श्रीहरिकोटा के सतीश धवन अंतरिक्ष केंद्र में प्रक्षेपण वाहन के संयोजन खातिर दूसरा भवन बनावे के मंजूरी दे दिहलस। एकरा प लगभग 363.95 करोड़ रुपया के लागत आवे के अंटकर बाटे, जवना में से 7 करोड़ रुपया विदेशी मुद्रा में खर्च होई। एह दूसरा भवन के उपलब्धता के संगे पीएसएलवी आ जीएसएलवी के लॉन्चिंग फ्रीक्वेंसी बढ़ जाई। एहसे मौजूदा वाहन असेंबली में जीएसएलवी एमके-III के एकीकरण खातिर अतिरिक्त सुविधा मिली। एकरा से तीसरा लॉन्च पैड आ भबिस्य में आम व्हीकल लॉन्च खाती भी बहुत सुविधा होई। <ref name="pib">{{Cite web |date=7 जनवरी 2014 |title=2013 के दौरान अंतरिक्ष विभाग की उपलब्धियाँ |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/hindirelease.aspx?relid=26198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116102427/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/hindirelease.aspx?relid=26198 |archive-date=16 जनवरी 2014 |access-date=15 जनवरी 2014 |publisher=पत्र सूचना कार्यालय, भारत सरकार}}</ref> == लॉन्च पैड == === उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण वाहन लॉन्च पैड === एह लॉन्च पैड से सैटेलाइट लॉन्च व्हीकल आ ऑगमेंटेड सैटेलाइट लॉन्च व्हीकल के लॉन्च कइल गइल. ई वर्तमान प्रक्षेपण स्थल के दक्खिनी छोर पर स्थित बा। एकरा के डिकमिशन कर दिहल गइल बा. एकरा के शुरू में उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण वाहन के प्रक्षेपण खातिर बनावल गईल रहे . बाकिर बाद में एकर इस्तेमाल ऑगमेंटेड सैटेलाइट लॉन्च व्हीकल लॉन्च कॉम्प्लेक्स के रूप में भइल। [[श्रेणी:इसरो]] iz543lcte62bujkstdh41ay0n55rkcd 0 92456 813846 761038 2026-11-06T12:51:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |name=विक्रम अंबालाल साराभाई |image=Dr. Vikram Sarabhai.jpg |image_size=200px |caption=विक्रम साराभाई |birth_date={{birth date|1919|8|12|df=y}} |birth_place=[[अहमदाबाद]], [[भारत]] |death_date={{death date and age|1971|12|30|1919|8|12|df=y}} |death_place=[[Halcyon Castle]],[[कोवलम]] in [[तिरुवनन्तपुरम|तिरुवनंतपुरम]], [[केरल]], [[भारत]] |residence=[[भारत]] |nationality=[[भारतीय]] |alma_mater=गुजरात कॉलेज<br>[[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's College]], [[कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय]] |doctoral_advisor=[[चन्द्रशेखर वेंकटरमन|सी. वी. रमन]] |doctoral_students= |known_for=[[भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन|भारत के अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम]] (इसरो)<br>[[भारत केपरमाणु कार्यक्रम]] |footnotes= }} '''विक्रम अंबालाल साराभाई''' (12 अगस्त 1919 — 30 दिसंबर 1971) एगो प्रमुख [[भारत|भारतीय]] वैज्ञानिक रहलें। कुल 86 गो वैज्ञानिक शोध पत्र लिखलें आ 40 गो संस्थान खोललें। [[भारत सरकार]] द्वारा[[1966]] में विज्ञान आ इंजीनियरिंग के क्षेत्र में इनका के पद्मभूषण से सम्मानित कइल गइल।<ref name="Padma Awards Directory">{{Cite web |date=14 August 2013 |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013) |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> साराभाई के नाम भारत के अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम से अलग ना कइल जा सकेला, इ विश्व प्रसिद्ध बा कि विक्रम साराभाई ही अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान के क्षेत्र में [[भारत|भारत के]] अंतर्राष्ट्रीय नक्शा पर रखले रहलें, ओह समय के परधानमंत्री [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] के समय में इनहीं के सलाह पर भारतीय अंतरिक्ष रिसर्च खातिर संस्था बनल जे आ [[इसरो]] के रूप से बाटे; एही से इनका के इसरो के संस्थापक के दर्जा दिहल जाला। अंतरिक्ष रिसर्च के साथे कपड़ा, दवाई, परमाणु ऊर्जा, इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स आ अउरी कई गो क्षेत्रन में भी ई बराबर योगदान दिहलन। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:1971 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:1919 में जनम]] {{India-scientist-stub}} 4889kpy28un47s08in3jmuwwbpenk4c 0 92561 814057 783925 2026-11-06T13:42:25Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = संतोष राम | occupation = निर्देशक, पटकथा लेखक, निर्माता | years_active = 2008–वर्तमान }} '''संतोष राम''' एगो [[भारत के लोग|भारतीय]] फिल्म निर्देशक, लेखक आ निर्माता हउवें . इनके लघु फिलिम ''वर्तुल'' (2009), गल्ली (2015) आ प्रश्न (2020) खातिर इनके परसिद्ध बा, जिनहन के पुरस्कृत कइल गइल बा आ दुनिया भर के बिबिध फिलिम महोत्सव सभ में देखावल गइल बा। <ref>{{Cite web |title=साकारले प्रयत्नांचे ‘वर्तुळ’ |url=http://archive.loksatta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29034:2009-12-03-19-26-11&Itemid=1 |website=archive.loksatta.com |access-date=2023-09-08 |archive-date=2021-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913030827/http://archive.loksatta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29034:2009-12-03-19-26-11&Itemid=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> इनके पहिली लघु फिलिम ''वर्तुल'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vartul to be screened at Third Eye Asian Film Festival |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/zee-talkies--film-released/510207/2 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> जे 56 से ढेर फिलिम महोत्सव सभ में देखावल गइल आ तेरह गो पुरस्कार जीतल। प्रश्न 2020 के फिल्मफेयर लघु फिल्म पुरस्कार 2020 खातिर चुनल गइल रहे।[[इटली|इटली के]] फ्लोरेंस में यूनिसेफ इनोसेंटी फिल्म महोत्सव 2021 में प्रश्न खातिर स्पेशल मेन्शन( लेखन ) खातिर संतोष राम के आईरिस पुरस्कार मिलल . == शुरुआती जीवन == राम के जनम [[महाराष्ट्र]] के जिला [[लातूर|लातुर]] के डोंगेरशेल्की में भइल रहे। राम भारत के महाराष्ट्र [[उदगीर]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=वर्तूळ - एक अनुभव |url=https://www.misalpav.com/node/15564 |website=misalpav.com}}</ref> में एगो मध्यम वर्गीय परिवार में पलल बढ़ल रहलें। राम मराठवाड़ा क्षेत्र में बितावल बचपन से प्रभावित रहले। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinema that can’t escape reality |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/news/Cinema-that-can%E2%80%99t-escape-reality/article13991081.ece |website=thehindu.com}}</ref> == कैरियर == संतोष <ref>{{Cite web |title=Showcasing Maharashtra’s rural milieu like no other filmmaker |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/showcasing-maharashtras-rural-milieu-like-no-other-filmmaker/article37672830.ece |website=thehindu.com}}</ref> आपन फिल्म निर्माण कैरियर के शुरुआत 2009 में लघु फिल्म<ref>{{Cite web |title=His Cinema doesnot escape reality |url=https://issuu.com/thegoldensparrow/docs/tgs_broadsheet_pages_april_30_pdf_f/7 |website=issuu.com/thegoldensparrow/docs |access-date=2023-09-08 |archive-date=2023-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506120455/https://issuu.com/thegoldensparrow/docs/tgs_broadsheet_pages_april_30_pdf_f/7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> लिख के आ निर्देशन से कइलें। उनकर पहिला [[मराठी]] भाषा के लघु फिल्म ''वर्तुल'' उ 35 मिमी फिल्म पर शूट कइले रहले . ''वर्तुल'' (2009) 56 से ढेर राष्ट्रीय आ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिलिम महोत्सव सभ में देखावल गइल जेह में 11वाँ ओसियन के सिनेफन फिल्म महोत्सव<ref>{{Cite web |title='Vartul' to be screened at Osian's-Cinefan film festival |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/27577/Vartul-screened-osians-cinefan-film.html |website=deccanherald.com}}</ref> 2009, [[नई दिल्ली]], तीसरा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय डॉक्यूमेंट्री आ लघु फिल्म महोत्सव [[केरल]], 2010, [[भारत|इंडिया]], थर्ड आई 8वां एशियाई फिल्म महोत्सव<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vartul' to be screened at 8th Third Eye Asian film festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/vartul-to-be-screened-at-8th-third-eye-asian-film-festival/articleshow/5285972.cms |website=timesofindia.Indiatimes.com}}</ref> 2009, [[मुंबई]], सामिल बाड़ें। आ 17वाँ टोरंटो रील एशियन इंटरनेशनल फिलिम फेस्टिवल 2013 ( [[कनाडा]] ), तेरह गो अवार्ड जीतलें। इनके दूसरी लघु फिलिम ''गल्ली'' (2015) 13 गो राष्ट्रीय आ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिलिम महोत्सव में देखावल गइल। इनके ताजा फिलिम प्रश्न ( 2020 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNICEF Innocenti Film Festival tells stories of childhood from around the world |url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-innocenti-film-festival-tells-stories-childhood-around-world |website=Unicef.org}}</ref> के फिल्मफेयर शॉर्ट फिल्म अवार्ड 2020 <ref name="filmfare.com">{{Cite web |title=Prashna (Question) – Social Awareness Short Film |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/short-films-2020/finalists/prashna-question/3612 |website=Filmfare.com}}</ref> खातिर चुनल गइल बा आ आधिकारिक तौर पर पूरा दुनिया के 36 गो फिल्म महोत्सव<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online programme |url=https://www.migrationcollective.com/lmff-online-program-2021 |website=migrationcollective.com}}</ref> खातिर चुनल गइल बा आ सतरह गो अवार्ड मिलल बा। == फिल्मोग्राफी == {| class="wikitable sortable" !बरिस ! फिलिम ! भाखा ! निर्देशक ! लेखक ! निर्माता ! class="unsortable" | नोट |- | 2009 | ''वर्तुल'' | मराठी | हॅंं |हॅंं |ना |तेवन फिल्म महोत्सव में आधिकारिक चयन<br />14 गो अवार्ड जीतले बानी<br /><br /><br /> |- | 2015 | गल्ली | मराठी | ''हॅंं'' |हॅंं |हॅंं |तेरह गो फिल्म महोत्सव में आधिकारिक चयन |- |2020 | प्रश्न <ref>{{Cite web |title=Short Film Review: Prashna (Question, 2020) by Santosh Ram |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2021/09/short-film-review-prashna-question-2020-by-santosh-ram |website=asianmoviepulse.com}}</ref> | मराठी | <br />हॅंं<br /> |हॅंं |ना |चौंतीस फिल्म महोत्सव में आधिकारिक चयन सोलह गो पुरस्कार जीत के |- | 2024 | युवराज आ शहाजहान के कहानी | मराठी, हिन्दी | हॅंं |हॅंं |हॅंं |लघु फिल्म |- | 2026 | चीन मोबाइल <ref>{{Cite web |title=संतोष राम दिग्दर्शित 'चायना मोबाईल' सिनेमाच्या पोस्टरचे अनावरण |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-marathi-film-china-mobiles-poster-release-5219132-NOR.html |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com}}</ref> | मराठी | हॅंं |हॅंं |हॅंं |फीचर फिल्म <br /><br /><br /><br /> |} == पुरस्कार आ मान्यता == ''वर्तुल'' 2009 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ फिल्म - भारत के चउथा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लघु फिल्म महोत्सव 2010, चेन्नई। * सर्वश्रेष्ठ फिल्म - दूसरा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव नागपुर 2011 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ निर्देशक - पुणे लघु फिल्म महोत्सव 2011, पुणे * सर्वश्रेष्ठ फिल्म - छठवाँ गोवा मराठी फिल्म महोत्सव 2013, गोवा * सर्वश्रेष्ठ बाल फिल्म - मालाबार लघु फिल्म महोत्सव 2013 * फिल्म निर्माण में उत्कृष्टता खातिर प्रशंसा पुरस्कार- कन्याकुमारी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव 2013, कन्याकुमारी * जूरी के विशेष उल्लेख -नवी मुंबई अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव <ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the festival are |url=https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2014/02/06/filmmakers-ravi-jadhav-nagesh-kukunoor-felicitated-navi-mumbai-international-film-festival |website=americanbazaaronline.com}}</ref> 2014, नवी मुंबई * सर्वश्रेष्ठ फिल्म - बरशी लघु फिल्म महोत्सव 2014 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ फिल्म - पहिला महाराष्ट्र लघु फिल्म महोत्सव 2014 * नामांकित - महाराष्ट्र टाइम्स पुरस्कार 2010 के बा ''प्रश्न'' 2020 * यूनिसेफ इनोसेंटी फिल्म फेस्टिवल 2021 फ्लोरेंस, [[इटली]] में आईरिस अवार्ड के विशेष उल्लेख(लेखन)। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors Given to Top Films in Competition at the UNICEF Innocenti Film Festival |url=https://www.unicef.org/nepal/press-releases/uiff-scarecrow-win |website=unicef.org}}</ref> * नामांकन - सर्वश्रेष्ठ लघु फिल्म - फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड 2020 <ref name="filmfare.com"/> * सर्वश्रेष्ठ लघु फिल्म - तीसरा विंटेज अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव,<ref>{{Cite web |title=विंटेज आंतरराष्ट्रीय चित्रपट महोत्सवास आजपासून सुरु, जाणून घ्या 'विंटेज'च्या कलाकृती |url=https://www.maharashtrajanbhumi.in/2020/10/Vintage-International-Film-Festival-starts-today.html |website=www.maharashtrajanbhumi.in |access-date=2023-09-08 |archive-date=2021-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424120123/https://www.maharashtrajanbhumi.in/2020/10/Vintage-International-Film-Festival-starts-today.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2020 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ लघु फिल्म - चउथा अन्ना भाऊ साथे अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव,2021 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ सामाजिक लघु फिल्म - बेतिया अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव,2020 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ लघु फिल्म विशेष सम्मानजनक उल्लेख - अंकुरित बीज अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लघु फिल्म महोत्सव,2020 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ निर्देशक - चउथा अन्ना भाऊ साथे अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव,2021 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ पटकथा - चउथा अन्ना भाऊ साथे अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फिल्म महोत्सव,2021 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ लघु कथा फिलिम बिसेस उल्लेख - 14वाँ सिग्नस लघु आ डॉक्यूमेंट्री फिलिम महोत्सव,<ref>{{Cite web |title=santosh ram's question best short film at Bengal and kerala |url=https://www.lokmat.com/latur/santosh-rams-question-best-short-film-bengal-kerala-a693 |website=lokmat.com}}</ref> 2021 * सर्वश्रेष्ठ लघु फिल्म - छठवाँ बंगाल अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लघु फिल्म महोत्सव,<ref>{{Cite web |title=बंगाल आणि केरळ मध्ये संतोष राम यांचा "प्रश्न" ठरला सर्वोत्कृष्ट लघुपट |url=https://btvnewsmaharashtra.blogspot.com/2021/06/blog-post_14.html |website=btvnewsmaharashtra.blogspot.com}}</ref> 2021 * विशेष निर्णायक मंडल उल्लेख पुरस्कार - 9वां स्मिता पाटिल डॉक्यूमेंट्री आ लघु फिल्म महोत्सव, पुणे। * सबसे बढ़िया कहानी - मा ता लघु फिल्म महोत्सव 2022।, मुंबई में भइल * लघु फीचर फिल्मन के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रतियोगिता के डिप्लोमा "दूरस्थ इलाका में शिक्षा के विकास खातिर"। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the IX International Festival "Zero Plus" |url=https://vk.com/@zeroplusfest-pobediteli-ix-mezhdunarodnogo-festivalya-nol-plus |website=zeroplusff.ru}}</ref> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == बाहरी लिंक == * {{IMDb name|4407714}} [[श्रेणी:Articles with hCards]] [[श्रेणी:1979 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] 51yot8mqqgafcxlyiqimo0kc1blhxv4 0 92768 814414 769718 2026-11-07T07:47:14Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सेंट एंड्रयूज पोस्ट ग्रेजुएट कॉलेज, गोरखपुर''' भारतीय राज्य उत्तर प्रदेश के [[गोरखपुर]] शहर में एगो पी.जी. कॉलेज बा। ई भारत के एकदम सुरुआती कुछ कॉलेज सभ में से एक हवे आ एकर अस्थापना 1828 में एगो मिशन इस्कूल के रूप में भइल; मूल में 1699 में अस्थापित चर्च मिशनरी सोसाइटी (सीएमएस) के भूमिका रहल।<ref>{{cite web |title=History - St. Andrews College, Gorakhpur |url=https://www.st-andrews-college.org/webpages.php?tag=History |website=st-andrews-college.org |access-date=2023-09-29 |archive-date=2023-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929234626/http://st-andrews-college.org/webpages.php?tag=History |url-status=dead }}</ref> वर्तमान में ई गोरखपुर के प्रतिष्ठित कॉलेज सभ में गिनल जाला आ एकर लमहर आ उज्ज्वल इतिहास रहल बाटे। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के कॉलेज]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखपुर]] {{India-university-stub}} ieum65eb7ay4wyzb2vd791ba4rgv4d0 0 92773 814246 806296 2026-11-06T16:07:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name =सिद्धार्थ विश्वविद्यालय | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Siddharth University administrative building.jpg | image_size = | image_name = | image_alt = | caption = सिद्धार्थ विश्वविद्यालय के प्रशासनिक भवन | motto = ''[[अत्त दीपो भव]]''<br/>([[पालि भासा|पालि]]) | motto_lang = | mottoeng = Be a light unto Yourself | established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2015}} | type = पब्लिक राज्य विश्वविद्यालय | endowment = | rector = | chancellor = [[उत्तर प्रदेश के राज्यपाल]] | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | city = [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला|सिद्धार्थ नगर]] | state = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | postalcode = 272 202 | country = भारत | coor = {{Coord|27.4389767|83.1303182|region:IN_type:edu|display=inline,title}} | campus = देहाती | language = अंग्रेजी, हिंदी | free_label = | free = | colours = | mascot = | logo_size = | website = {{url|http://suksn.edu.in}} | logo = | other_name = | former_name = | vice_chancellor = [[कविता शाह]]<ref name="g029">{{cite web | title=BHU की पर्यावरण वैज्ञानिक बनीं सिद्धार्थ यूनिवर्सिटी की कुलपति: राज्यपाल ने प्रो. कविता शाह को कपिलवस्तु में 3 साल के लिए किया नियुक्त | website=[[दैनिक भास्कर]] | date=4 Jul 2024 | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/bhu-professor-became-the-vice-chancellor-of-kapilvastu-university-133270986.html | language=hi | access-date=3 Jan 2025}}</ref> | faculty = | affiliations = [[यूनिवर्सिटी ग्रांट्स कमीशन|यूजीसी]] }} '''सिद्धार्थ यूनिवर्सिटी''' चाहे '''सिद्धार्थ विश्वविद्यालय''', [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला|सिद्धार्थ नगर जिला]] में इतिहासी महत्व के अस्थान [[पिपरहवा|कपिलवस्तु (पिपरहवा)]] में एगो [[स्टेट यूनिवर्सिटी|स्टेट इन्वर्सिटी]] बाटे। ए यूनिवर्सिटी के अस्थापना जून 2015 में भइल आ 2025 तक ले एकरा से 6 जिला सभ के लगभग 280 से बेसी कॉलेज संबद्ध रहलें; एकरे अलावा खुद विश्वविद्यालय के कैंपस में यूजी, पीजी के पढ़ाई आ रिसर्च होखे ला।<ref name="t432">{{cite web | last=University | first=Siddharth Nagar | title= About Siddahrth University | website= Siddharth University Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar | url=https://www.suksn.edu.in/about_university.aspx | access-date=3 Jan 2025}}</ref> विश्विद्यालय समय समय पर बिबिध कार्यक्रम आयोजित करे ला।<ref>{{cite web |title=University Teachers And Students Became Aware Of Cyber Security - Siddharthnagar News - Siddharthnagar News:साइबर सुरक्षा के लिए जागरूक हुए विश्वविद्यालय के शिक्षक एवं छात्र |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/siddharthnagar/university-teachers-and-students-became-aware-of-cyber-security-siddharthnagar-news-c-227-1-sgkp1034-129504-2024-12-22 |website=web.archive.org |publisher=अमर उजाला |date=31 दिसंबर 2024 |access-date=2024-12-31 |archive-date=2024-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231084430/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/siddharthnagar/university-teachers-and-students-became-aware-of-cyber-security-siddharthnagar-news-c-227-1-sgkp1034-129504-2024-12-22 |url-status= }}</ref> == एकेडमिक्स == सिद्धार्थ इन्वर्सिटी में अंडरग्रेजुएट, पोस्टग्रेजुएट आ रिसर्च के कोर्स उपलब्ध बाड़ें। एह तरीका से विश्वविद्यालय कुल चार गो फैकल्टी चला रहल बाटे।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://suksn.edu.in/Courses.aspx | title=&#124;:Siddharth University Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar:&#124; }}</ref> === फैकल्टी === * आर्ट फैकल्टी (कला संकाय) * कॉमर्स फैकल्टी (वाणिज्य संकाय) * साइंस फैकल्टी (विज्ञान संकाय) * लॉ फैकल्टी (विधि संकाय)<ref name="y516">{{cite web | title=सिद्धार्थ विश्वविद्यालय में शुरू होगा बीए-एलएलबी कोर्स: 15 सितंबर तक ऑनलाइन आवेदन, बार काउंसिल से मिली मान्यता | website=Dainik Bhaskar | date=2025-09-03 | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/siddharthnagar/birdpur/news/ba-llb-course-will-start-in-siddharth-university-135827548.html | language=hi | access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref> == इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर == [[File:Gautam-Buddha-Auditorium-SUK.jpg|thumb|left|सिद्धार्थ यूनिवर्सिटी में गौतम बुद्ध ऑडिटोरियम]] यूनिवर्सिटी के आपन कैंपस [[पिपरहवा|कपिलवस्तु नगर क्षेत्र]] में स्थापित बाटे। प्रशासनिक भवन, कला संकाय, वाणिज्य संकाय आ विज्ञान संकाय के आपन-आपन बिल्डिंग बाड़ी स जेह में विज्ञान संकाय के भवन के उद्घाटन जुलाई 2024 में भइल।<ref name="q101">{{cite web | title=कुलपति ने किया विज्ञान भवन का लोकार्पण | website=Hindustan | date=1 Jul 2024 | url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/siddhart-nagar/story-the-vice-chancellor-inaugurated-the-science-building-10350038.html | language=hi | access-date=3 Jan 2025}}</ref> कैंपस में लड़िकन खातिर आनंद छात्रावास आ लड़िकिन खातिर यशोधरा छात्रावास बाटे। 2024 में नया इंटरनेशनल यूथ हास्टल के नेंई पड़ल जे पीएम उषा योजना के फंडिंग से बन रहल बाटे।<ref name="v564">{{cite web | title=सिद्धार्थ विवि में इंटरनेशनल यूथ हॉस्टल का हुआ भूमि पूजन | website=Hindustan | date=28 Nov 2024 | url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/siddhart-nagar/story-international-youth-hostel-groundbreaking-ceremony-at-siddharth-university-201732741208544.html | language=hi | access-date=3 Jan 2025}}</ref> विश्वविद्यालय में तथागत अतिथि गृह (गेस्ट हाउस), संबोधि केंद्रीय पुस्तकालय, आ गौतम बुद्ध सभागार के साथे साथ 50 बेड वाला अस्पताल बाटे। == जुड़ल कॉलेज == एह इन्वर्सिटी से 2025 तक ले यूपी के छह गो जिला, जवना में महराजगंज, सिद्धार्थनगर, संत कबीर नगर, बलरामपुर, बस्ती आ श्रावस्ती में मौज़ूद 280 से बेसी कॉलेज संबद्ध रहलें। ई कॉलेज पहिले [[दीन दयाल उपाध्याय गोरखपुर विश्वविद्यालय|गोरखपुर यूनिवर्सिटी]] आ [[डॉ. राम मनोहर लोहिया अवध विश्वविद्यालय|अवध यूनिवर्सिटी]] से जुड़ल रहलें। 2025 में बलरामपुर में [[माँ पाटेश्वरी विश्वविद्यालय]] के अस्थापना भइल आ बलरामपुर आ श्रावस्ती जिला के कॉलेज एह इन्वर्सिटी से अलगा हो के नई बनल इन्वर्सिटी में सामिल हो गइलें।<ref name="Hindustan2025">{{cite news |title=सिद्धार्थ विवि से खत्म होगी दो जिलों के महाविद्यालयों की संबद्धता |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/story-siddharth-nagar-new-university-established-for-higher-education-in-balrampur-201737452630252.html |access-date=4 अप्रैल 2026 |work=[[दैनिक हिंदुस्तान]] |date=21 जनवरी 2025 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="उजाला2026">{{cite news |title=बलरामपुर व श्रावस्ती के 35 महाविद्यालय जुड़ेंगे मां पाटेश्वरी विवि से |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/balrampur/35-colleges-of-balrampur-and-shravasti-will-be-connected-with-maa-pateshwari-university-balrampur-news-c-99-1-slko1018-124313-2025-04-15 |access-date=4 अप्रैल 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]] |language=hi}}</ref> कालेज सभ में संबद्ध गवर्नमेंट डिग्री कॉलेज, एडेड कालेज आ सेल्फ फाइनेंस कालेज सामिल बाड़ें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|30em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * ऑफिशियल वेबसाइट {{url|http://suksn.edu.in}} * {{facebook}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के विश्वविद्यालय]] [[श्रेणी:सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] [[श्रेणी:पिपरहवा, कपिलवस्तु]] {{India-university-stub}} g2dwa3dckfid25znl88eu4y76it8cj2 0 93241 814365 765186 2026-11-07T07:14:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses}} [[File:A depiction of needle.JPG|thumb|alt=A sewing needle|सिलाई के सुई]] '''सुई''', '''सूई''' चाहे '''सिलाई के सुई''', जेकर इस्तेमाल हाथ से [[सिलाई]] खातिर होला, एगो लमछर पातर औजार हवे जेकर एक छोर पर नोक होला आ सिलाई के धागा के पकड़े खातिर छेद (चाहे आँख) होला। सबसे पुराना ज़माना के सुई हड्डी भा लकड़ी से बनल रहें स; आधुनिक सुई सभ के अब हाई कार्बन वाला स्टील के तार से बनावल जाला आ मुरचा लागे से रोके खातिर निकल- या 18K सोना-प्लेटेड होला। हाई क्वालिटी वाली कढ़ाई के सुई पर दू तिहाई प्लैटिनम आ एक तिहाई टाइटेनियम मिलल धातु के परत (मोलम्मा) चढ़ावल जाला। परंपरागत रूप से सुई के सुई-होल्डर भा सुई के अलमारी में रखल गइल बा जे सजावट के चीज बन गइल बा। सिलाई के सुई के étui में भी रखल जा सके ला, ई एगो छोट डिब्बा हवे जेह में सुई आ अउरी चीज जइसे कि कैंची, पेंसिल आ चिमटी रखल जा सके ला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:औजार]] [[श्रेणी:घरेलू जुगति]] {{tool-stub}} bvn3fhtgs0e7ra3944xeiwo32zcepni 0 93242 814367 765185 2026-11-07T07:14:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सुई''' चाहे '''सूई''' के नीचे दिहल अरथ हो सके लें: * [[सुई]] - सिलाई के कामे आवे वाली * [[सुई (इंजेक्शन)]] - [[सिरिंज]] के साथे इस्तेमाल होखे वाली सुई जे रोगी के शरीर में [[इंजेक्शन]] लगावे के कामे आवे ला। {{बहुअर्थी}} 04iwwz3jau7gt3ysq5y8v5jjs5pxab5 0 93246 814366 765201 2026-11-07T07:14:45Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814366 wikitext text/x-wiki इंजेक्शन देवे वाली '''सुई''', जेकरा मेडिकल में हाइपोडर्मिक सुई कहल जाला, एक किसिम के मेडिकल औजार हवे जेकर इस्तमाल [[सिरिंज]] के साथे कइल जाला आ शरीर में कौनों दवाई चाहे लिक्विड के इंजेक्ट करे के कामे आवे ला। अक्सरहा ई अइसन केस में इस्तेमाल कइल जाला जहाँ तुरंत दवाई के शरीर में परवेश करावे के होखे, दवाई अइसन होखे जे पचावल ना जा सकत होखे, मुँह से लिहल जाए पर उल्टी के चलते बाहर निकल जाए के शंका होखे, चाहे लीवर के दवाई से नोकसान होखे के खतरा होखे। [[श्रेणी:औजार]] {{med-stub}} dumkdsqw2s1a2jyht8sxzcbjjwtm09t 0 93333 814361 777568 2026-11-07T07:14:35Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = Sunderbans National Park | alt_name = | iucn_category = II | photo = Sundarban Tiger.jpg | photo_width = | photo_caption = Tiger from Sundarbans Tiger Reserve | map =India | map_caption = Location in India | relief = yes | location = [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] | nearest_city = [[Kolkata]] | coordinates = {{coord|21.8380|N|88.8852|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | established = {{start date and age|1984}} | visitation_num = | visitation_year = |visitation_ref= Important Events : 1973 : Project Tiger 1977 : Wildlife Sanctuary 1984 : National Park 1987 : UNESCO World Heritage Site 1989 : Indian Biosphere Reserve 2001 : World Network of Biosphere Reserve (Man and Biosphere Reserve) | governing_body = [[Government of India]] | world_heritage_site = | website= | embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | child = yes | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ix), (x)}}(ix), (x) | ID = 452 | year = 1987 | area = {{convert|133,010|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}} }} {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Sundarban Wetland | designation1_date = 30 January 2019 | designation1_number = 2370 <ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Sundarban Wetland|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2370 |access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref>}} |area=1330.10 sq. km.}} '''सुंदरबन नेशनल पार्क''' भारत के [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] में एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]], बाघ रिजर्व आ [[नेचर रिजर्व|बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व]] बा। ई [[गंगा के डेल्टा|गंगा डेल्टा]] पर [[सुंदरबन]] के हिस्सा हवे आ [[बांग्लादेश]] के सुंदरबन रिजर्व बन से सटल बा। ई बांग्लादेश के दक्खिन-पच्छिम में कोना पर पड़े ला। [[नदी डेल्टा|डेल्टा]] में घन रूप से [[मैंग्रोव]] जंगल बाड़ें, आ ई बंगाल बाघ खातिर सभसे बड़हन रिजर्व सभ में से एक हवे। इहाँ कई किसिम के चिरई, रेप्टाइल आ इन्वर्टीब्रेट प्रजाति सभ के भी निवास बा जेह में खारा पानी के मगरमच्छ सामिल बा। वर्तमान सुंदरबन नेशनल पार्क के 1973 में सुंदरबन टाइगर रिजर्व के कोर एरिया आ 1977 में वन्यजीव सैंक्चुअरी घोषित कइल गइल। 4 मई 1984 के एकरा के नेशनल पार्क घोषित कइल गइल। ई [[बिस्व धरोहर स्थल|यूनेस्को के बिस्व धरोहर स्थल]] हवे जे 1987 में दर्जा पवलस<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sundarbans National Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/452 |access-date=2010-11-06 |publisher=World Heritage: Unesco.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sundarbans National Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/452.pdf |access-date=2010-11-06 |publisher=Unesco}}</ref> आ 2019 से एकरा के रामसर साइट के रूप में चिन्हित कइल गइल बा <ref name="RSIS" /> एकरा के 1989 से वर्ल्ड नेटवर्क ऑफ बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व (मैन एंड बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व) में दर्ज कइल गइल हवे। == भूगोल == सुंदरबन नेशनल पार्क 21° 432′ – 21° 55′ उत्तर अक्षांश के बीच आ 88° 42′ – 89° 04′ पूर्व देशांतर के बीच पड़े ला। एह पार्क के समुंद्र तल से औसत ऊँचाई 7.5 मीटर बा। ई पार्क 54 गो छोट टापू सभ से बनल बा आ [[गंगा नदी]] के कई गो डिस्ट्रीब्यूटरी एकरा के काटे लीं। == आवाजाही == '''हवाई''' : सुंदरबन नेशनल पार्क 140 पर स्थित बा&nbsp;किलोमीटर दूर नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस अंतर्राष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डा, जहाँ से दुनिया भर में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय उड़ान होखे लीं। '''रेल''' : सुंदरबन नेशनल पार्क के नजदीकी रेलवे स्टेशन कैनिंग रेलवे स्टेशन बा जवन 29 पर स्थित बा&nbsp;सुंदरबन (यानी गोधखाली) के गेट वे से किमी दूर। '''सड़क''' : कोलकाता से एह नेशनल पार्क ले में पश्चिम बंगाल के स्टेट हाइवे 3 से पहुंचल जा सकेला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} ==बाहरी कड़ी== {{Commons category|Sundarbans National Park}} * [http://www.sundarbansnationalpark.com/ Sundarbans National Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716030416/http://www.sundarbansnationalpark.com/ |date=2012-07-16 }} Bangladesh * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/452 Official UNESCO website entry] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110106010326/http://projecttiger.nic.in/sundarbans.htm Project Tiger Reserves in Bangladesh – Sundarbans] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/APA/cycle01/section2/452.pdf UNESCO Periodic Report] {{World Heritage Sites in India}} {{Ramsar sites in India}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:भारत में रामसर साइट]] [[श्रेणी:पच्छिम बंगाल के भूगोल]] {{Environment-stub}} 2gpi2zkbbimvnp2n0yubmu0qcrmmafb 0 93382 814151 781945 2026-11-06T15:53:36Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox government agency | employees = | budget = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert | 8000|c|year=2020}} (FY20) | minister1_name = डॉ. हर्ष वर्द्धन | name = डीप ओशन मिशन | type = Public research agency | seal = | logo = | formed = 2018 | chief1_name = | chief1_position = | chief2_name = | chief2_position = | parent_department = | parent_agency = पृथिवी बिज्ञान मंत्रालय | website = | jurisdiction = भारत }} '''डीप ओशन मिशन''' ({{Lang|en|Deep Ocean Mission}}, {{lit|गहिरा समुंद्र मिशन}}), जे चलनसार नाँव '''समुद्रयान''' के रूप में जानल जा रहल बा, [[भारत]] के पृथिवी बिज्ञान मंत्रालय के समुंद्र के भीतर खोज करे वाला मिशन होखी। एह मिशन के मकसद भारत के [[एक्सक्लूसिव इकोनामिक जोन]] में आ भारतीय समुद्री [[कंटीनेंटल शेल्फ]] के इलाका में बिबिध किसिम के खोज (एक्सप्लोरेशन) कइल तय कइल गइल बाटे। एह प्रोग्राम में कई चालक दल आ बिना चालक दल वाला सबमर्सिबल सभ के समुंद्र के तल के खोज खातिर उतारल जाई। मिशन के एगो पहिला मकसद पॉलीमेटालिक नोड्यूल सभ के खोजल आ निकालल बाटे, ई मैंगनीज, निकल, कोबाल्ट, तांबा आ आयरन हाइड्रॉक्साइड नियर खनिज सभ से बनल होलें। एह धातु सब के इस्तेमाल इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण, स्मार्टफोन, बैटरी अउरी सोलर पैनल के निर्माण में कइल जा सकऽता। मिशन के सबसे महत्व वाला चीज 6000 मीटर के गहिराई ले आदमी सहित यान उतारे के योजना बाटे।<ref>{{cite news |last1=खन्ना |first1=भव्या |title=Inside India’s ‘Deep Ocean Mission’, a challenge harder than going to space |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/deep-ocean-mission-matsya6000-seabed-mining-blue-economy/article67457379.ece |access-date=21 नवंबर 2023 |work=[[द हिंदू]] |date=31 अक्टूबर 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:समुंद्री एक्सप्लोरेशन]] [[श्रेणी:भारत सरकार]] {{india-stub}} reckyeaz7dh0a85yjzizc5vwxugt0dp 0 93403 813751 781946 2026-11-06T12:08:27Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813751 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:LaNina.png|thumb|upright=1.2|A schematic diagram of the quasi-equilibrium and [[ला नीना]] phase of the southern oscillation.]] '''वाकर सर्कुलेशन''' ({{Lang|en|Walker circulation}}), जेकरा के '''वाकर सेल''' (Walker cell) के दुसरको नाँव से जानल जाला, निचला वायुमंडल ([[ट्रोपोस्फियर|ट्रोपोस्फीयर]]) में उष्णकटिबंधीय इलाका में हवा के बहाव के एगो कान्सेप्चुअल मॉडल हवे। एह मॉडल के अनुसार हवा के पार्सल जोन के हिसाब से आ खड़ा-खाड़ी (वर्टिकल) दिशा में बंद सर्कुलेशन के पालन करे लें। ई सर्कुलेशन, जे मोटा-मोटी निरीक्षण सभ के अनुरूप होला, समुंद्र आ जमीन के बीच ताप के बितरण में अंतर के कारण होला। एकर खोज [[गिल्बर्ट वाकर]] कइले रहलन। जोनल आ वर्टिकल दिशा में गति के अलावा उष्णकटिबंधीय वायुमंडल में मेरिडियन दिशा में भी काफी गति होला जे उदाहरण खातिर [[हैडली सेल]] के हिस्सा हवे। "वाकर सर्कुलेशन" शब्द के गढ़ल 1969 में नार्वेजियन-अमेरिकी मौसम बिज्ञानी जैकब बजेर्कनेस द्वारा कइल गइल।[ == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:मौसम बिज्ञान संबंधी घटना आ चीज]] [[श्रेणी:जलवायु बिज्ञान]] {{Climate-stub}} qfdb1agcoe60w40gm66fxramdamu6fj 0 93455 814320 798942 2026-11-07T05:35:19Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिराज-उद-दीन अली खान''' ( {{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|سراج الدین علی خاں آرزو}}}}) (1687-1756), जिनका के इनके कलम-नाँव '''आरज़ू''' से बेसी जानल जाला, [[मुगल राज|मुगल साम्राज्य]] के जमाना में [[दिल्ली]] के कवि, भाषाविद आ लेक्सिकोग्राफर रहलें। <ref name="BrajYamuna2008">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89aPZJ3qCD4C&pg=PA106|title=Language in South Asia|last=Braj B. Kachru|last2=Yamuna Kachru|last3=S. N. Sridhar|date=27 March 2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-78141-1|page=106}}</ref> पहिले उ मुख्य रूप से [[फ़ारसी भाषा|फारसी]] में लिखत रहलन, बाकी [[उर्दू]]ओ में 127 शे'र लिखले रहलन। ऊ [[मीर तक़ी मीर|मीर तकी मीर]] के मामा रहलन। उ मीर तकी मीर, [[मिर्ज़ा मुहम्मद रफ़ी सौदा|मिर्जा मुहम्मद रफी सौदा]], मिर्जा मजहर जान-ए-जनान आ नजम-उद-दीन शाह मुबारक अब्रो के पढ़वले रहलें। आरज़ू के जनम [[आगरा]] में भइल रहे। उ शेख हिसामुद्दीन के बेटा रहलें, जे मुगल सम्राट [[औरंगजेब]] के दरबार में कई गो उच्च पद प रहलें। फारसी आ [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] में ऊ बहुते निपुण रहले, जवन दुनु भाषा ऊ बचपन में सीखले रहलें। [[उर्दू]] आ [[संस्कृत|संस्कृतो]] सीखले रहलें।<ref name="Abida2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-otQriwQ9z4C&pg=PA75|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Urdu Literature|last=Abida Samiuddin|publisher=Global Vision Publishing Ho|year=2007|isbn=978-81-8220-191-0|page=75}}</ref> आरज़ू चौदह बरिस के उमिर से लिखे लगलें, आ 1719 में दिल्ली अइलें। उनकर परिचय नवाब कमर-उद-दीन खान से आनंद राम ‘मुखलिस’ कइले रहलें ओह घरी प्रधानमंत्री रहल कमर-उद-दीन उनुका के एगो उपयुक्त नौकरी दे दिहलन। अर्जू अपना घर में ''मुशायरा'' आयोजित करत रहले, आ [[मीर तक़ी मीर|मीर तकी मीर]] समेत कई गो चेला लोग के पढ़ावत रहलें। 1751 में उर्दू-फारसी डिक्शनरी लिखलें जवना के नाम रहे ''नवादिरुल अल्फाज''। <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1eANAAAAYAAJ&q=Navadirul+Alfaz|title=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft:Volume 119|last=Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft|date=1969|page=267}}</ref> 1754 में ऊ [[लखनऊ]] आ गइलें, आ एकरे बाद [[अयोध्या]], जवन कबो इनके परदादा के निवास रहल। इनके मौत 1756 में लखनऊ में भइल, आ दिल्ली के वकीलपुरा इलाका में दफनावल गइल।<ref name="Abida2007"/> == साहित्यिक रचना == * ''सिराज-उल-लुघत'' (फारसी के एगो शब्दकोश जवना में फारसी आ [[संस्कृत]] के बीच के संबंध के भी चर्चा कइल गइल बा ) * ''चिराघ-ए-हिदायत'' (फारसी कवि लोग के इस्तेमाल कइल शब्द आ मुहावरा के शब्दावली) * ''नवादिर-उल-अल्फाज'' (इंडिक शब्दन के शब्दावली) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dudney |first=Arthur |title=Ārzū, Nawādir al-Alfāẓ |url=http://perso-indica.net/work/nawadir_al-alfaz |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=Perso-Indica |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024082931/http://perso-indica.net/work/nawadir_al-alfaz |url-status=dead }}</ref> * कई गो [[ग़ज़ल|गजल]] आ कसीदा * ''दीवान-ए-असर शिराजी'' * ''मोहब्बत-ए-उजमा'' ( गद्य पर एगो ग्रंथ ) * ''अतीया-ए-कुबरा'' (गद्य पर एगो अउरी रचना) * ''मियार-उल-अफकर'' (व्याकरण पर एगो ग्रंथ) * ''पयम-ए-शौक'' (चिट्ठी के संग्रह), 1999 में * ''जोश-ओ-खरोश'' (मसनवी) * ''मेहर-ओ-माह'' * ''इब्रात फसाना'' * ''गुलजार-इ खायल'' ( [[होली]] आ बसंत के आवे पर एगो लमहर कविता) == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय लेक्सिकोग्राफर]] 75qb9i18yqr9vi7gjfucjwg8fi9wr6i 0 93586 813741 781958 2026-11-06T12:07:44Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:World Wetlands Day in Pakistan.jpg|thumb|पाकिस्तान में वर्ल्ड वेटलैंड्स डे मनावत लइका सभ।]] 2 फरवरी के हर साल मनावल जाये वाला '''वल्ड वेटलैंड्स डे''' ({{Lang|en|World Wetlands Day}}) चाहे '''बिस्व आर्द्रभूमि दिवस''' भा '''बिस्व नमभूमि दिवस''', [[पर्यावरण]] से संबंधित एगो उत्सव हवे जे साल 1971 से शुरू भइल जब पर्यावरणविद लोग [[वेटलैंड]] सभ के सुरक्षा आ प्रेम के दोबारा पुष्टि करे खातिर एकट्ठा भइल।<ref name="WWD">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldwetlandsday.org/ |title=Home - WorldWetlandsDay |website=www.worldwetlandsday.org }}</ref> ई पनिहा इकोसिस्टम हवें जिनहन में पौधन के जीवन आ अउरी जीव सभ सामिल बाड़ें जे खाली भर पानीये वाला इकोसिस्टम के ना बलुक मय पर्यावरण लाभ पहुँचावे लें। वल्ड वेटलैंड्स डे के सेक्रेटेरियेट मूल रूप से [[स्विट्जरलैंड]] के ग्लैंड में बाटे।<ref name="Ramsar">{{cite web |url=https://www.ramsar.org/activity/world-wetlands-day |title=World Wetlands Day {{!}} Ramsar |website=www.ramsar.org }}</ref> [[2 फरवरी]] के मनावल जाए के कारन ई हवे की एही दिने [[ईरान]] के रामसर में, [[रूम सागर]] के तीरे, [[रामसर कन्वेंशन]] साइन भइल रहल<ref name="Ramsar" /> जे पूरा दुनियाँ में नमभूमि सभ के सहेजे आ सुरक्षित करे के कोसिस बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:फरवरी के घटना आ अवसर]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरण जागरुकता संबंधी दिवस]] [[श्रेणी:अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस]] hse6mph7poxsojq52eo7qlzgwr2wprk 0 93618 814364 784608 2026-11-07T07:14:41Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Schweinebauch-2.jpg|thumb|पोर्क बेली कट, मांसपेशी आ चर्बी के परत देखावत बा]] [[चित्र:Roast_Pig_1.JPG|thumb|रोटीसेरी पर धीरे-धीरे भुनावल जा रहल एगो सुअर]] '''पोर्क''' घरेलू सुअर से मिलल मांस के नाम ह। ई दुनिया भर में सभसे ढेर खाइल जाला आ सुअर के पालतू बनावे के प्रमाण 5000 ईसा पूर्व से मिले ला। <ref name="fao.org">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2014 |title=Sources of Meat |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/en/meat/backgr_sources.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302064207/http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/en/meat/backgr_sources.html |archive-date=2 March 2018 |access-date=19 November 2016 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eHoyZ0nTaoC&q=pig+husbandry+5000+bc&pg=PA15|title=Early Animal Domestication and Its Cultural Context|last=Crabtree|first=Pam J.|last2=Campana|first2=Douglas V.|last3=Ryan|first3=Kathleen|date=1989|publisher=UPenn Museum of Archaeology|isbn=978-0-924171-96-3|language=en|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206143622/https://books.google.com/books?id=5eHoyZ0nTaoC&q=pig+husbandry+5000+bc&pg=PA15|archive-date=6 February 2021}}</ref> सुअर के मांस के ताजा, पकावल आ संरक्षित दुनों तरह के सेवन कइल जाला। [[:en:Ham|हैम]], [[:en:Gammon (meat)|गैमन]], [[:en:Bacon|बेकन]] आ [[:en:Sausage|सॉसेज]] संरक्षित पोर्क के उदाहरण हवें। पश्चिमी दुनिया में खासकर मध्य यूरोप में सुअर के मांस सबसे लोकप्रिय मांस ह . ई [[पूर्ब एशिया|पूर्वी]] आ [[दक्खिन पुरुब एशिया|दक्खिन-पूरबी एशिया]] ( मुख्य भूमि दक्खिन-पूरबी एशिया, [[फिलिपींस|फिलीपींस]], [[सिंगापुर]], [[पूर्ब तिमोर|पूर्वी तिमोर]] आ [[मलेशिया]] ) में भी बहुत लोकप्रिय बा। एशियाई खाना में एह मांस के बहुत महत्व दिहल जाला, खासतौर पर चीन में, एकरे फैटी सामग्री आ बनावट के कारण। कुछ धर्म आ संस्कृति सभ, खासतौर पर [[इस्लाम]] आ [[यहूदी धर्म|यहूदी धर्म सभ]] में सुअर के मांस के सेवन पर रोक लगावल गइल बा। ==संदर्भ== [[श्रेणी:खानपान]] 5mk4f754e3ofnfe6gj3fakf1fk0jsyv 0 93762 814439 781962 2026-11-07T07:49:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | image = Jonathan G Meath portrays Santa Claus.jpg | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = Santa Claus portrayed by [[Jonathan Meath]] in 2010 | pronunciation = | monuments = | other_names = Saint Nicholas<br />Saint Nick<br />Kris Kringle | known_for = Delivering gifts to children at [[Christmas]] | spouse = [[Mrs. Claus]] }} '''सैंटा क्लॉज''' ({{Lang|en|Santa Claus}}) जिनके फादर क्रिसमस आ सैंट निकोलस, चाहे खाली भर '''सैंटा''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो कथा-कहानी में बर्णित ब्यक्ति हवें जे पच्छिमी ईसाई संस्कृति में बड़ा दिन ([[क्रिसमस]]) के तिहुआर पर गिफ्ट बाँटे वाला के रूप में बतावल जालें। एह कथा सभ के बिबरन के मोताबिक सैंटा उत्तरी ध्रुव (नॉर्थ पोल) पर रहे लें आ क्रिसमस के परी लोग खेलौना बनावे लीं जे ई क्रिसमस के ठीक एक दिन पहिले वाली रात में बाँटे लें। इनके सवारी रेंडियर सभ द्वारा खींचल जाए वाली स्लेज हवे जे आसमान में उड़े ले। सैंटा के उज्जर दाढ़ी बाल वाला बूढ़ ब्यक्ति के रूप में देखावल जाला जे लाल रंग के कपड़ा पहिरे लें जेह में सफ़ेद फ़र लागल होखे ला। क्रिसमस मनावे में, कुछ जगहन प केहू ब्यक्ति एही बेसभूसा में सैंटा के रूप ध के लइकन के गिफ्ट बाँटे ला। [[श्रेणी:ईसाई धर्म]] [[श्रेणी:पच्छिमी संस्कृति]] {{culture-stub}} 0bvmakhqoz0sm9l48h40vd3cm76l3s7 0 93819 814205 781963 2026-11-06T15:58:29Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सामाजिक मनोबिज्ञान''' ({{Lang|en|social psychology}}, ''सोशल साइकोलॉजी'' ) एह बात क बैज्ञानिक अध्ययन हवे कि कइसे बिचार, भावना आ बेहवार पर दुसरे (ब्यक्ति/लोग) के वास्तविक, कल्पित भा निहित मौजूदगी के परभाव पड़े ला।सामाजिक मनोबिज्ञानी लोग आमतौर पर मानव व्यवहार के मानसिक स्थिति आ सामाजिक स्थिति सभ के बीच के संबंध के परिणाम के रूप में बतावे ला, सामाजिक स्थिति सभ के अध्ययन करे ला जेह में बिचार, भावना आ बेहवार होखे लें आ ई चर सामाजिक परस्पर क्रिया सभ के कइसे प्रभावित करे लें। एह तरीका से, ई [[मनोबिज्ञान]] के एगो महत्वपूर्ण शाखा हवे। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक मनोबिज्ञान| ]] [[श्रेणी:मनोबिज्ञान]] {{psych-stub}} 25poj4fzkw9xl93vxg637wledrxml9m 0 93832 813833 766680 2026-11-06T12:50:24Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox OS | name = Windows 11 | logo = Windows 11 logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | logo alt = Windows 11 Logo | version of = [[Windows NT]] | developer = [[Microsoft]] | family = [[Microsoft Windows]] | programmed in = | source_model = | GA date = {{start date and age|2021|10|05}}<ref name="win11release">{{Cite web |last=Panay |first=Panos |date=October 4, 2021 |title=Windows 11: A new era for the PC begins today |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/10/04/windows-11-a-new-era-for-the-pc-begins-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004201814/https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/10/04/windows-11-a-new-era-for-the-pc-begins-today/ |archive-date=October 4, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |website=Windows Experience Blog}}</ref> | marketing target = [[Personal computing]] | language count = 110 | language footnote = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Experience Packs |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/store/collections/localexperiencepacks?cat0=devices&rtc=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721102354/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/store/collections/localexperiencepacks?cat0=devices&rtc=1 |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=June 16, 2021 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] Store }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Volume Licensing Center |url=https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118195101/https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx |archive-date=November 18, 2011 |access-date=June 16, 2021 |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> | language = | update model = | supported platforms = | ui = [[Windows shell]] ([[Graphical user interface|graphical]]) | preceded by = [[Windows 10]] (2015) | website = {{Official URL}} | support status = See {{section link||Versions}} for more details. }} '''विंडोज 11''' माइक्रोसॉफ्ट के विंडोज एनटी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम के ताजा प्रमुख रिलीज हवे जे 5 अक्टूबर 2021 के रिलीज भइल। ई [[विंडोज 10]] (2015) के बाद आइल आ विंडोज 10 के कौनों भी डिवाइस खातिर मुफ्त में उपलब्ध बा जे ए नवका विंडोज 11 सिस्टम के जरूरत के पूरा करत होखे। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:माइक्रोसॉफ्ट विंडोज]] [[श्रेणी:ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम]] {{Software-stub}} 9rr8jy7dcwhinwqijcb93q4uxr6qfao 0 93841 813832 766689 2026-11-06T12:50:21Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox OS | name = विंडोज 10 | logo = Windows 10_Logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | screenshot = Windows10abstract.png | caption = विंडोज 10 के स्टार्ट स्क्रीन के खाका देखावत चित्र | version of = [[विंडोज एनटी]] | developer = [[माइक्रोसॉफ्ट]] | family = [[माइक्रोसॉफ्ट विंडोज]] | programmed in = {{ubl|[[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[assembly language]]}} | source_model = | RTM date = {{Start date and age|2015|7|15}} | GA date = {{Start date and age|2015|7|29}} |Discontinued = {{End date and age|2025|10|14}} | marketing target = [[पर्सनल कंप्यूटिंग]] | language count = 110 | language footnote = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/store/collections/localexperiencepacks?cat0=devices&rtc=1 |title=Local Experience Packs - Microsoft Store |publisher=[[माइक्रोसॉफ्ट]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx |title=Microsoft Volume Licensing Center |publisher=[[माइक्रोसॉफ्ट]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> (Specific language packs included on the device depend on the mobile operator (for cellular connected devices) or device manufacturer. Additional language packs are available for download on the Microsoft Store, pursuant to manufacturer and carrier support.) | language = | supported platforms = | kernel type = | userland = | ui = [[Windows shell]] ([[Graphical user interface|graphical]]) | license = | preceded by = [[विंडोज 8.1]] (2013) | succeeded by = [[विंडोज 11]] (2021) | website = {{URL|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801210403/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows|2=Windows 10}} (archived at [[Wayback Machine]]) | support status = }} '''विंडोज 10''' माइक्रोसॉफ्ट के [[विंडोज एनटी]] [[ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम]] के एगो प्रमुख रिलीज हवे। ई [[विंडोज 8.1]] के सीधा उत्तराधिकारी हवे जे एकरा ले लगभग दू साल पहिले रिलीज भइल रहे। एकरा के 15 जुलाई 2015 के मैन्युफैक्चरिंग खातिर रिलीज कइल गइल आ बाद में 29 जुलाई 2015 के खुदरा बिक्री खातिर जारी कइल गइल। विंडोज 10 के, विंडोज 8 आ विंडोज 8.1 के खुदरा कॉपी रखे वाला यूजर लोगन खातिर विंडोज स्टोर के माध्यम से एमएसडीएन आ टेकनेट के माध्यम से डाउनलोड करे खातिर, आ विंडोज अपडेट के माध्यम से विंडोज 7 यूजर लोग खातिर मुफ्त अपग्रेड के रूप में उपलब्ध करावल गइल। विंडोज 10 के लगातार नया बिल्ड मिलत गइल, जवन यूजर के बिना कवनो अतिरिक्त लागत के उपलब्ध बा, एकरा अलावे विंडोज 10 के अतिरिक्त टेस्ट बिल्ड भी उपलब्ध बा, जवन कि विंडोज इनसाइडर के उपलब्ध बा। एंटरप्राइज एन्वायरमेंट में डिवाइस सभ ई अपडेट सभ धीमा गति से पा सके लें, या फिर लंबा समय तक चले वाला सपोर्ट माइलस्टोन क इस्तेमाल क सके लें जे अपना दस साल के बिस्तारित सपोर्ट के जीवनकाल में खाली महत्वपूर्ण अपडेट, जइसे कि सुरक्षा पैच, पावे लें। जून 2021 में माइक्रोसॉफ्ट घोषणा कइलस कि विंडोज 10 संस्करण सभ के सपोर्ट, जे लंबा समय तक चले वाला सर्विसिंग चैनल (LTSC) में नइखे, 14 अक्टूबर 2025 के खतम हो जाई। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:माइक्रोसॉफ्ट विंडोज]] [[श्रेणी:ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम]] {{Software-stub}} o9rxxtpjcuh3gwyvapexf6hulkjuzuz 0 93964 814199 784607 2026-11-06T15:57:56Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = सापटग्राम | other_name = Sapatgram<br>সাপটগ্ৰাম | pushpin_label = सापटग्राम | pushpin_map = India Assam | coordinates = {{coord|26.328|90.120|display=inline, title}} | pushpin_map_caption = असम में स्थिति | subdivision_type = [[भारत के ज़िले|ज़िला]] | subdivision_name = [[धुबरी ज़िला]] | subdivision_type2 = [[भारत के राज्य तथा केन्द्र-शासित प्रदेश|प्रान्त]] | subdivision_name2 = [[असम]] | subdivision_type3 = देश | subdivision_name3 = {{IND}} | population_total = 12163 | population_as_of = 2011 | demographics_type1 = भाषाएँ | demographics1_title1 = प्रचलित | demographics1_info1 = [[असमिया भाषा|असमिया]], [[राजबोंग्शी भाषा|राजबोंग्शी]] }} '''सपटग्राम''' [[भारत]] के [[आसाम|असम]] राज्य के [[धुबरी जिला]] में स्थित एक शहर बा। <ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=DKp9BAAAQBAJ Lonely Planet West Bengal: Chapter from India Travel Guide]," Lonely Planet Publications, 2012, ISBN 9781743212202</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=FtMNn5roPssC Kolkata and West Bengal Rough Guides Snapshot India]," Rough Guides, Penguin, 2012, ISBN 9781409362074</ref> == स्थिति == ई शहर ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी के सहायिका सोनकोश नदी के किनारे बा। ई समुंद्र तल से 27 (88 फीट) के ऊँचाई पर स्थित बा। ==आबादी== 2001 के जनगणना के मोताबिक सापटग्राम के कुल जनसंख्या 12,046 (पुरुष 51%, महिला 49%) रहल, शहर के साक्षरता दर 77% रहल जे राष्ट्रीय साक्षरता दर (59.5%) से ढेर बा। ==भाषा== राजभाषा असमिया ह। अन्य संपर्क भाषा कामतापुरी (राजबंशी, गोलपरिया, देशी) बंगाली, हिंदी, बिहारी, मारवाड़ी, नेपाली आदि बा। ==मुख्य धर्म== सापटग्राम क्षेत्र में हिन्दू, इस्लाम आ जैन के प्रमुख धर्म बा। ==जाति== कोच-राजवंशी, कलिता, नाथ, बंगाली, हिन्दू, बिहारी, मारवाड़ी, असमिया, बोरो, नेपाली। ==प्रमुख शिक्षण संस्थान== * सापटग्राम एमालगेमेटेड अकादमी‌<br/>(स्थापना: 1939) * सापटग्राम बंगाली हाई स्कूल<br/>(स्थापना: 1936) * सापटग्राम कॉलेज<br/>(स्थापना: 1972) * शंकरदेव शिशु निकेतन, सापटग्राम<br/>(स्थापित: 2003) * 2235 नंबर खुदनामारी एल.पी. स्कूल<br/>(स्थापना: 1976) * खुदनामारी एम.भि. स्कूल * रावनटारी लोकप्रिय हाईस्कूल ==इन्हें भी देखें== [[धुबरी जिला]] ==सन्दर्भ== [[श्रेणी:आसाम]] lwctg45me78ae8t0x563v0l1p8euyvj 0 94294 813889 788446 2026-11-06T12:54:13Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बिस्व भाषण दिवस''' हर साल 15 मार्च के मनावल जाला आ "दुनिया भर में लाइव स्पीकिंग इवेंट के माध्यम से भाषण आ भाषण बनावे" के जश्न मनावल जाला। बिस्व भाषण दिवस के सुरुआत 2015 में एथेंस लोकतंत्र मंच में भइल;<ref>{{Cite web |title="World Speech Day" to launch next week {{!}} Vital Speeches |url=https://www.vsotd.com/news/world-speech-day-launch-next-week |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=www.vsotd.com |language=en |archive-date=2017-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021163538/https://www.vsotd.com/news/world-speech-day-launch-next-week |url-status=dead }}</ref> पहिला बिस्व भाषण दिवस 15 मार्च 2016 के मनावल गइल,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leith, Sam |date=March 14, 2016 |title=World Speech Day: The spoken word brings clarity of thought |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ae182e1e-e633-11e5-a09b-1f8b0d268c39 |access-date=18 Oct 2017 |website=[[Financial Times]] |ref={{sfnref | Financial Times}}}}</ref> एथेंस,<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Speech Day - Παγκόσμια ημέρα λόγου – Αθήνα "Σκέψεις για έναν καλύτερο κόσμο" |url=http://politistika-d-ath.sch.gr/autosch/joomla15/index.php/enimeroseis/540-wsd2016 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=politistika-d-ath.sch.gr |language=el-gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACG a Partner at World Speech Day 2016 – |url=http://www.acg.edu/web/touchbase-issue36/acg-a-partner-at-world-speech-day-2016/ |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=www.acg.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=EducationalTVGreece|title=WORLD SPEECH DAY- ATHENS - March 15/2016 (1:00 pm - 3:00 pm)|date=2016-03-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3_q9q2uRyk|access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref> सिंगापुर,<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Speech Day Singapore x World Glaucoma Week 2017 {{!}} W Eye Clinic |url=https://weyeclinic.sg/world-speech-day-singapore-x-world-glaucoma-week/ |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=weyeclinic.sg |archive-date=2017-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111926/https://weyeclinic.sg/world-speech-day-singapore-x-world-glaucoma-week/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> तवाऊ<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 Mar 2016 |title=First ever World Speech Day in Tawau |url=https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-borneo-post-sabah/20160318/281745563501926 |access-date=23 March 2023 |publisher=The Borneo Post (Sabah) |language=en |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref> आ [[मास्को]] में यादगार घटना सभ के साथ एकर सुरुआत भइल। विश्व भाषण दिवस 2017 के दिने लगभग 80 राष्ट्रन में आयोजन भइल रहे। ई उलान बातर के संसद हॉल<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Speech Day Mongolia on Mar 15 |url=http://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/151776 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=mongolia.gogo.mn |language=en}}</ref> से ले के फिलिस्तीन के स्कूली कक्षा ले, बांग्लादेश के इस्माइली सेंटर<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-07-13 |title=World Speech Day |language=en |work=the.Ismaili |url=https://the.ismaili/world-speech-day |access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref> से ले के ऑक्सफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय के ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनियन, इबादान<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-03-06 |title=Ibadan prepares for World speech Day 2017 - Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB |work=Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/225297-ibadan-prepares-world-speech-day-2017.html |access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref> आ लागोस के व्याख्यान थिएटर से ले के हाई स्कूल आ पूरा अमेरिका में कॉलेजन में मनावल गइल। कई गो आयोजन लाइवस्ट्रीम टीवी पर, डब्ल्यूएसडी टीवी के माध्यम से प्रसारित होखे लें।<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Speech Day 2016 |url=https://www.rings.tv/wsd2016/ |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=www.rings.tv |archive-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815115153/https://www.rings.tv/wsd2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> विश्व भाषण दिवस पर केहूओ भाषण दे सकेला आ केहू भी कवनो आयोजन के मेजबानी कर सकेला, बस [http://www.worldspeechday.com/ साइट] पर डब्लूएसडी सदस्य के रूप में शामिल होके एह इवेंट में सामिल भइल जा सके ला। एकर लक्ष्य इहे बा कि हर जगह अप्रत्याशित आवाज तक पहुंचल जाव। विश्व भाषण दिवस के थीम बा “बेहतर दुनिया खातिर विचार”: भाषण दुनिया के बदल सकेला। ऊ बदलाव कौनों ब्यक्ति के जीवन में हो सके ला; या स्थानीय, कवनो गाँव भा समुदाय भा स्कूल भा सामाजिक समूह के जीवन में; भा ऊ लोग अउरी महत्वाकांक्षी हो सकेला, कवनो राष्ट्र के जीवन के छू सकेला। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist}} == अउरी पढ़ल जाय == * {{Cite web |date=4 Mar 2016 |title=Tawau to hold Malaysia's first World Speech Day |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/03/05/tawau-to-hold-malaysias-first-world-speech-day/ |access-date=18 Oct 2017 |website=[[Borneo Post]]}} * {{Cite web |last=Haziq |first=Saman |date=20 Mar 2017 |title=Happiness Talks supports UAE's pursuit of happiness |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/when-happiness-is-a-weapon |access-date=18 Oct 2017 |website=[[Khaleej Times]] |archive-date=4 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404092854/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/when-happiness-is-a-weapon |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |date=20 Mar 2017 |title=World speech day celebrated in Ghana |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/regional/World-speech-day-celebrated-in-Ghana-520411?channel=D1 |access-date=18 Oct 2017 |website=GhanaWeb}} * {{Cite web |date=15 Mar 2016 |title=World Speech Day Filled With Unexpected Voices |url=http://guardianlv.com/2016/03/today-world-speech-day-filled-unexpected-voices/ |access-date=18 Oct 2017 |website=Guardian Liberty Voice |ref={{sfnref | Guardian Liberty Voice | 2016}}}} [[श्रेणी:छुट्टी]] [[श्रेणी:मार्च के घटना आ अवसर]] 0setd2kyethnt1p05weejxinxm21e0j 0 94794 814017 804352 2026-11-06T13:03:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* अउरी पढ़ल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''स्टॉक मार्केट''' ({{Lang|en|stock market}}), '''शेयर बाजार''', '''इक्विटी मार्केट''' ({{Lang|en|equity market}}) भा '''शेयर मार्केट''' ({{Lang|en|share market}}), स्टॉक (जिनहना के शेयरो कहल जाला) के खरीददार आ बेचे वाला लोग के एकट्ठा होखे से बनल बजार ह। स्टॉक भा शेयर सभ बिजनेस सभ पर मालिकाना दावा के प्रतिनिधित्व करे लें; इनहन में पब्लिक स्टॉक एक्सचेंज में लिस्टेड ''सिक्योरिटी'' सभ के साथे-साथ अइसन स्टॉक भी सामिल हो सके लें जिनहन क कारोबार खाली निजी रूप से होला, जइसे कि निजी कंपनी सभ के शेयर जे निवेशक लोग के इक्विटी क्राउडफंडिंग प्लेटफार्म के माध्यम से बेचल जालें। आमतौर पर स्टॉक मार्केट में इन्वेस्टमेंट सभ खास इन्वेस्टमेंट रणनीति के ध्यान में रख के कइल जाला। ==अउरी पढ़ल जाय== {{Wiktionary}} {{Wikiquote}} {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book | last = Hamilton | first = W. P. | year = 1922 | title = The Stock Market Baraometer | publisher = John Wiley & Sons Inc (1998 reprint) | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-471-24764-7 | url = https://archive.org/details/stockmarketbarom00hami_1 }} * {{Cite book |author=Preda, Alex |title=Framing Finance: The Boundaries of Markets and Modern Capitalism |url=https://archive.org/details/framingfinancebo0000pred |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-226-67932-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Siegel |first1=Jeremy J. |author-link1= |editor=David R. Henderson |encyclopedia=Concise Encyclopedia of Economics |title=Stock Market |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/StockMarket.html |year=2008 |edition=2nd |publisher=Library of Economics and Liberty |location=Indianapolis |isbn=978-0865976658 |oclc=237794267 |access-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-date=December 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213143120/http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/StockMarket.html |url-status=live }} {{refend}} {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:शेयर बजार| ]] [[श्रेणी:फाइनेंस]] {{finance-stub}} g4qkxj167t6cmjx17h6oaxtkk67a7cm 0 94893 814342 808537 2026-11-07T05:36:45Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सीएनएन''', अटलांटा में मुख्यालय के साथ 1980 में स्थापित एक समाचार चैनल है, यह एक टेलीविजन चैनल है जो 24 घंटे समाचार कवरेज प्रदान करता है .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barr |first=Jeremy |last2=Izadi |first2=Elahe |last3=Ellison |first3=Sarah |last4=Farhi |first4=Paul |date=2022-02-03 |title=CNN President Jeff Zucker resigns, citing undisclosed relationship with colleague |language=en-US |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/02/02/cnn-president-jeff-zucker-announces-resignation-over-undisclosed-relationship-with-colleague/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> {{Infobox television channel|logofile=CNN.svg|logosize=175px|launch={{start date and age|1980|6|1}}|owner=टेड टर्नर|country=[[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]|broadcast area=संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका}} {{Commonscat|CNN|सीएनएन}}<references /> [[श्रेणी:सीरियस एक्सएम रेडियो चैनल]] [[श्रेणी:समाचार चैनल]] qvjyap2a0rdoyi9nh51a21nmsmea815 0 94937 814236 768935 2026-11-06T16:05:21Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Vereinigte Ostindische Compagnie bond - Middelburg - Amsterdam - 1622.jpg|thumb|डच ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के एगो बांड (1622)]] '''सिक्योरिटी''' कौनों फाइनेंशियल एसेट होला जेकर ट्रेड (खारीद-बिकवाली) कइल जा सके। आमतौर प ई टर्म कौनहू किसिम के फाइनेंशियल इंस्ट्रूमेंट खातिर इस्तेमाल होला, हालाँकि एकर कानूनी परिभाषा अलग-अलग जगह-देस में अलग-अलग हो सके ले। कुछ क्षेत्राधिकार (ज्यूरिदिक्शन) सभ में इक्विटी आ फिक्स इनकम वाला इंस्ट्रूमेंट सभ के अलावा अउरी कवनों किसिम के इंस्ट्रूमेंट के सिक्योरिटी ना मानल जाला। पुराना समय में अइसन सिक्योरिटी बहुधा कागज पर छपल आ उचित तरीका से प्रमाणित चीज होखे। हालाँकि अब डिजिटल रूप से 'बुक एंट्री' वाला रूप चलन में बाड़ें - ई रूप [[डीमैटेरियलाइजेशन|डीमैटेरियलाइज्ड]] रूप कहाला। [[श्रेणी:फाइनेंस]] {{Finance-stub}} c9nthcq597tqpyamch8dc9qhyehxx43 0 95198 814176 804435 2026-11-06T15:55:51Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Technical title}} {{Infobox project | name = Sustainable Development Goals | logo = Sustainable Development Goals.svg | mission_statement = "A shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future" | location = ग्लोबल (बैस्विक) | owner = | founder = [[यूनाइटेड नेशंस]] | established = 2015 | website = {{URL|https://sdgs.un.org/}} | abbreviation = SDGs }} '''सस्टेनेबल डेवलपमेंट गोल्स''' भा '''एसडीजी'ज''' (SDGs), जिनहना के ग्लोबल गोल्स भी कहल जाला, के यूनाइटेड नेशंस (संयुक्त राष्ट्र) द्वारा 2015 में गरीबी के खतम करे, ग्रह के रक्षा करे आ ई सुनिश्चित करे खातिर सार्वभौमिक आह्वान के रूप में अपनावल गइल कि 2030 ले सभ लोग शांति आ समृद्धि के आनंद ले सके।<ref name="UNDP">{{cite web |title=Sustainable Development Goals |url=https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals |website=UNDP |access-date=31 मई 2024 |language=en}}</ref> एकरा तहत कुल 17 ठे गोल (बिसाल लक्ष्य) आ 169 ठे टार्गेट (बिसेस चिन्हित लक्ष्य) रखल गइल बाड़ें।<ref name="the17SDGs">{{Cite web |title=The 17 Goals |url=https://sdgs.un.org/goals | publisher = UN |access-date=2022-08-10 |website= Sustainable Development Goals}}</ref><ref name="UN-2017b">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201128194012/https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 |date=28 November 2020 }})</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Isnaeni |first1=Nur Meily |last2=Dulkiah |first2=Moh |last3=Wildan |first3=Asep Dadan |date=2022-11-18 |title=Patterns of Middle-Class Communities Adaptation to the Village SDGS Program in Bogor Regency |url=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/temali/article/view/20466 |journal=Temali: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages= 173–82 |doi=10.15575/jt.v5i2.20466 |issn= 2615-5028|doi-access=free }}</ref> == गोल== == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:सस्टेनेबल बिकास]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरण जागरुकता]] {{Environment-stub}} {{Econ-stub}} 9wu4c65tqt28kabe66fqxiyx3707u4m 0 95215 813730 769616 2026-11-06T12:07:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Worldwind.png|230px|thumb|[[नासा]] क बनावल वर्चुअल ग्लोब वल्डविंड के एगो स्क्रीनशॉट]] '''वर्चुअल ग्लोब''' [[धरती]] चाहे कौनों अउरी दुनिया (दूसर ग्रह-उपग्रह, चाहे एकदम्मे काल्पनिक दुनिया) के तीन डाइमेंशन वाला (3D) सॉफ्टवेयर मॉडल होखे ला। वर्चुअल ग्लोब पर यूजर लोग वर्चुअल माहौल में अलग-अलग जगहन के अलग-अलग एंगल से आ पोजीशन से देख सके ला। परंपरागत [[ग्लोब]] के तुलना में वर्चुअल ग्लोब सभ में धरती के सतह के कई अलग-अलग किसिम से नजारा सभ के देखावे के क्षमता होला। पुराना ज़माना के ग्लोब से ई बेहतर होखे लें, काहें की पुरनका पर जवन चीज एक बेर छाप दिहल जाव ऊ अस्थाई होखे, जबकि वर्चुअल ग्लोब में एह चीजन के बदल-बदल के बिबिध कंबीनेशन में देखल जा सके ला। अइसन भौगोलिक बिसेसता सभ में भौतिक, चाहे आदमी के बनावल चीज - सड़क आ भवन नियर सभ हो सके लें, या जनसंख्या नियर चीजन के नक्शा के रूप में एब्स्ट्रेक्ट निरूपण हो सके ला। 20 नवंबर 1997 के माइक्रोसॉफ्ट ''एनकार्टा वर्चुअल ग्लोब 98'' के रूप में ऑफलाइन वर्चुअल ग्लोब जारी कइलस, एकरे बाद 1999 में ''कॉस्मी 3D वर्ल्ड एटलस'' जारी भइल।सबसे पहिला मशहूर आ खूब इस्तेमाल होखे वाला ऑनलाइन वर्चुअल ग्लोब नासा क बनावल ''वर्ल्डविंड'' (जे 2004 में रिलीज भइल) आ [[गूगल अर्थ]] (2005 में रिलीज) रहलें; गूगल अर्थ अभिन 2024 तक ले पॉपुलर बाटे। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[ग्लोब]] * [[गूगल अर्थ]] [[श्रेणी:भूगोल शब्दावली]] [[श्रेणी:कार्टोग्राफी]] [[श्रेणी:जीआइएस]] [[श्रेणी:नक्शा]] [[श्रेणी:वर्चुअल रियलिटी]] {{Geo-term-stub}} f3lmvglph4uhzvi0gl4h7qaruy66twc 0 95238 814138 769743 2026-11-06T15:51:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[प्राचीन भारत के रुपरेखा|प्राचीन भारत]] के [[हिंदू ग्रंथ]] सभ में बतावल '''समय के हिंदू इकाई''' सभ में एकदम छोट से ले बिसाल समय अवधि वाली इकाई सभ सामिल बाड़ीं जिन्हन में माइक्रोसेकेंड से छोट आ कई ट्रिलियन साल सभ के अवधि वालिन इकाइन के नाँव गिनावल गइल बाटे। एह इकाई सब के बिबरन वेद, पुराण, स्मृति, महाभारत, आ भारतीय ज्योतिष के ग्रंथ सब में मिले ला। भारतीय ब्रह्मांडिकी (हिंदू कॉस्मोलॉजी) में समय के 'काल' नाँव से जानल जाला आ एकरा के नित्य भा अनंत मानल जाला। बिबिध चीजन के चक्रीय रूप से घटित होखे के कारन एह काल के बिभाजन संभव बा - जब एक चक्र पूरा होखे; एह चक्र सभ के आधार पर अलग-अलग अवधि वाली काल गणना के इकाई बतावल-गिनावल गइल बाड़ी स। उदाहरण खातिर समय के सबसे छोट इकाई ''त्रुटि'' लगभग 0.3 माइक्रोसेकेंड के बतावल गइल बाटे आ ब्रह्मा के एक बरिस मनुष्य लोगन के 3,110,400,000,000 सालन के बरोबर बतावल गइल बाड़ें। आम चलन में, हिंदू पतरा (हिंदू कलेंडर) में युग, वर्ष (बरिस), मास (महीना), तिथि, दिन, मुहूर्त आ घटी-पल नियर इकाई सभ के इस्तेमाल होखे ला। समय के नापजोख के ई इकाई सभ चंद्रमा-सुरुज-धरती के आपसी संबंध आ चक्र सभ के आधार पर परिभाषित हईं जबकि बहुत सारा इकाई कथा-कहानी आधारिती कॉस्मोलॉजी के घटना सभ पर आधारित हईं। ==इहो देखल जाय== ==संदर्भ== [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] {{hinduism-stub}} {{measurement-stub}} a1e8fq8k43b1o0tl78k6qxqpfixl831 0 95390 813753 771914 2026-11-06T12:08:34Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<small>वाच</small>ओएस''' (watchOS) एप्पल वॉच के ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम हवे जे [[एप्पल इंक.|एप्पल कंपनी]] द्वारा बिकसित कइल गइल बाटे। एप्पल के स्मार्टवाच (स्मार्ट घड़ी) द्वारा इस्तेमाल कइल जाए वाला ई ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम [[आईओएस]] पर आधारित ह आ एहू क कई ठे फीचर आइओएस वाला फीचर नियन बाड़ें। ई 24 अप्रैल 2015 के एप्पल वॉच के साथ रिलीज भइल, ई घड़ी एकलौता डिवाइस हवे जे watchOS पर चले ला। watchOS डेवलपर के इस्तेमाल खातिर WatchKit नाम के एगो एपीआई के सोझा ले आइल गइल। {{tech-stub}} 95jdv7tpjfka8xdiew6qicz42x5lf4i 0 95418 814423 805432 2026-11-07T07:48:03Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{सफाई|reason=मशीनी अनुबाद के छूटल हिस्सा अभिन बेसी बा।}} {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title" id="4" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;" |सॅपिअन्सः मानव जाति के एगो संक्षिप्त इतिहास<br /> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Ḳitsur_toldot_ha-enoshut.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">पहिला संस्करण (हिब्रू) </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |लेखक | class="infobox-data" |[[Yuval Noah Harari|युवल नोआ हरारी]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |मूल शीर्षक&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |''קיצור תולדות האנושות मानवता के एगो बिसेस बिसेसता'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |भाषा अउरी भाषा | class="infobox-data" |इब्रानी (2011) अंग्रेजी (2014) <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |विषय | class="infobox-data" |[[History|इतिहास]], [[Social philosophy|सामाजिक दर्शन]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |शैली | class="infobox-data" |गैर-कविता |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |प्रकाशक | class="infobox-data" |Dvir Publishing House Ltd. (इजरायल) [[Random House|रैंडम हाउस]]<br /><br />[[Harper (publisher)|हार्पर]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">प्रकाशन के तारीख</div> | class="infobox-data" |2011 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |प्रकाशन के जगह | class="infobox-data" |इजराइल |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |पन्ना | class="infobox-data" |443 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ISBN (identifier)|आईएसबीएन]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>978-0062316097 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |एकरे बाद&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |''होमो देओस: कल के एगो संक्षिप्त इतिहास&nbsp;'' |} '''सेपियंस: मानव जाति के एगो संक्षिप्त इतिहास''' (Sapiens A Brief History of Humankind; हिब्रूः קיצור תולדות האנושות, Qitzur Toldot ha-Enoshut) युवाल नोआ हारारी के एगो किताब बाटे, जे 2011 में [[इजराइल|इजरायल]] में हिब्रू में पहिली बेर छपल। ई किताब हारारी द्वारा द हिब्रू यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ जेरूसलम में पढ़ावल गइल एगो सीरीज पर आधारित बाटे।<ref name="Guardian_strawson">{{Cite news |last=Strawson |first=Galen |date=11 September 2014 |title=Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari – review |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/sep/11/sapiens-brief-history-humankind-yuval-noah-harari-review |access-date=29 October 2014 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph_Payne">{{Cite news |last=Payne |first=Tom |date=26 September 2014 |title=Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari, review: 'urgent questions' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/11120947/Sapiens-a-Brief-History-of-Humankind-by-Yuval-Noah-Harari-review-urgent-questions.html |access-date=29 October 2014 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> पुस्तक, होमो सैपियन्स पर केंद्रित, पत्थर युग से लेके बीसवीं सदी तक [[मानुस|मानव जाति]] के इतिहास के सर्वेक्षण करे ले। बिबरन एगो अइसन ढाँचा में स्थित बाटे जे प्राकृतिक विज्ञान आ सामाजिक विज्ञान दुनों के हिस्सा समेटले बाटे। == संक्षेप में == हारारी के काम मानव इतिहास के एगो अइसन ढाँचा में रखलस जहाँ प्राकृतिक विज्ञान मानव गतिविधि के सीमा सेट करेला आउर सामाजिक विज्ञान उ सीमा के भीतर जवन होला ओकरा के आकार देवेला। इतिहास के अकादमिक अनुशासन सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन के बिबरन प्रस्तुत करे ला। हरारी पत्थर युग से 21वीं सदी तक के मानव जाति के इतिहास के सर्वेक्षण करे लें, जेमे होमो सैपियन्स पर ध्यान केंद्रित कइल गइल बाटे। ऊ सैपियंस के इतिहास के चार गो प्रमुख हिस्सा में बाँटलेंः<ref>Ben Shephard. [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/sep/21/sapiens-brief-history-mankind-review-yuval-noah-harari Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind review – thrilling story, dark message], ''The Guardian'', 21 September 2014.</ref> # संज्ञानात्मक क्रांति (लगभग 70,000 ईसा पूर्व, व्यवहारिक आधुनिकता के शुरुआत जब सैपियन्स में कल्पना बिकसित भइल)। # (पहिला) कृषि क्रांति (लगभग 10,000 ईसा पूर्व, कृषि के विकास)। # मानव जाति के एकीकरण (लगभग 34 ईस्वी, वैश्वीकरण की ओर मानव राजनीतिक संगठन के क्रमिक समेकन)। # वैज्ञानिक क्रांति (लगभग 1543 ई, वस्तुगत भा ऑब्जेक्टिव साइंस के उदय)। हारारी के मुख्य तर्क इ बा कि सैपियंस लोग दुनिया पर हावी भइल काहे कि खाली उहे अइसन जानवर बाड़ें जे बड़ी संख्या में लोचदार ढंग से आपस में सहयोग कर सकेला। उ तर्क देले बाड़ें कि प्रागैतिहासिक सैपियंस नेएंडरथल औरु कई अन्य मेगाफौना जैसन अन्य मानव प्रजाति के विलुप्त होखे के प्रमुख कारण रहल. उ आगे तर्क देले बाड़ें कि बड़ी संख्या में सहयोग करे के सैपियन्स के क्षमता खाली कल्पना में मौजूद चीज में विश्वास करे के एकर अद्वितीय क्षमता से उत्पन्न होला, जइसे कि देवता, राष्ट्र, पैसा आउर मानव अधिकार। उ तर्क देलें कि अइसन मान्यता भेदभाव के जन्म देवेला - चाहे उ नस्लीय, यौन या राजनीतिक होखो - आउर पूरी तरह से निष्पक्ष समाज होखे के संभावना असंभव बा।हरारी के दावा बा कि सभे बड़े पैमाने पर मानव सहयोग प्रणाली - धर्म, राजनीतिक संरचना, व्यापार नेटवर्क आउर [[कानून|कानूनी संस्था]] सहित - आपन उदय के श्रेय सापिन्स के विशिष्ट संज्ञानात्मक क्षमता के देले बा।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapiens |url=https://www.ynharari.com/book/sapiens-2/ |website=Yuval Noah Harari |language=en-US}}</ref> तदनुसार, हरारी धन के आपसी विश्वास के एगो प्रणाली के रूप में वर्णन करेलन आउर राजनीतिक आउर आर्थिक प्रणाली के धर्म के समान रूप में वर्णन करेला। ''कृषि क्रांति'' के बारे में हरारी के सभसे मुख्य आ महत्व वाला दावा इ बा कि जब ई क्रांति सैपियंस, आ गेहूं आउर गाय जइसन साथे-साथ बिकसित होखे वाली प्रजातिन खातिर जनसंख्या बढ़ावे के बढ़ावा दिहलस, इ अधिकांश इंडिविजुअल (और जानवर) के जिनगी ओहू ले खराब कर दिहलस जब सैपियन्स ज्यादातर शिकारी-संग्रहकरता रहे, काहें से कि उनहन लोगन के आहार आ दैनिक जीवन भारी मात्रा में कम बिबिधता वाला रहि गइल। दूसर जानवरन के साथे मानव के हिंसक व्यवहार एगो अइसन थीम बा जे मय किताब में देखे के मिले ला। ''मानव जाति के एकीकरण'' पर चर्चा करत, हरारी तर्क देले बाड़न कि एकर इतिहास में, सैपियंस के प्रवृत्ति राजनीतिक आउर आर्थिक परस्पर निर्भरता के ओर बढ़त रहल बाटे। सदियन से, मनुष्य लोगन के अधिकतर आबादी साम्राज्य (एंपायर) में रहल रहि आइल, आ पूंजीवादी वैश्वीकरण प्रभावी रूप से एगो, ग्लोबल एंपायर के रचना क रहल बा। हरारी के तर्क बा कि एह प्रक्रिया के मुख्य चालक धन, साम्राज्य, आउर यूनिवर्सल रेलिजन बाड़ें। हारारी ''वैज्ञानिक क्रांति'' के यूरोपीय चिंतन में एगो इनोवेशन के रूप में वर्णन करेलन, जेकरा द्वारा अभिजात वर्ग आपन अज्ञान के स्वीकार करे आउर ठीक करे के कोशिश करे के इच्छुक हो गइल। उ एकर वर्णन प्रारंभिक आधुनिक यूरोपीय साम्राज्यवाद आउर मानव संस्कृति के वर्तमान अभिसरण के एगो चालक के रूप में करे लें। हरारी के दावा बा कि खुशी के इतिहास में शोध के कमी बा, उ दावा करत बा कि आज के लोग पिछला युग के तुलना में जादा खुश नइखे।<ref>Harari, Yuval Noah. [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/sep/05/were-we-happier-in-the-stone-age Were we happier in the stone age?], ''The Guardian'', September 5, 2014.</ref> उ निष्कर्ष निकालत बा कि आधुनिक तकनीक जल्दिये आनुवंसिक इंजीनियरिंग, अमरता आउर गैर-जैविक जीवन के शुरुआत करके प्रजाति के समाप्त कर सकेला। हरारी मानव के रूप में देवता के रूप में रूपक रूप से वर्णन करे लें काहे कि उ नया प्रजाति के निर्माण कइ सकेला। हरारी जेरेड डायमंड के किताब गन्स, जीम्स एंड स्टील (1997) के हवाला आपन सबसे बड़हन प्रेरणा के रूप में देलें।<ref>{{Cite episode |series=IDEAS with Paul Kennedy |title=Sapiens |network=CBC |date=January 12, 2015 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/sapiens-1.2921626 |last=Kennedy |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Kennedy (host)}} </ref> == प्रतिक्रिया == === पॉपुलर रिसेप्शन === ई किताब पहिला बेर 2011 में हिब्रू में छपल आ बाद में 2015 में अंग्रेजी में रिलीज भइल आ तब से ई 65 गो अलग-अलग भाषा में अनुवादित भइल बा। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harari |first=Yuval |date=2022-05-07 |title=Sapiens - Yuval Noah Harari |url=https://www.ynharari.com/book/sapiens-2/ |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=Official Website - Yuval Noah Harari}}</ref> ई द न्यूयॉर्क टाइम्स के बेस्टसेलर लिस्ट में शामिल भइल, जेमे लगातार 96 सप्ताह के अलावा 182 सप्ताह (मई 2022 तक) तक देखलाई दिहलस। <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2021 |title=60 Minutes sits down with historian and author Yuval Noah Harari |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-yuval-noah-harari-2021-10-31/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Paperback Nonfiction Books - Best Sellers - Books - May 8, 2022 - The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2022/05/08/paperback-nonfiction/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ई 2014 में छपल बेस्ट किताब खातिर चीन के राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय के वेनजिन पुस्तक पुरस्कार जितलस। <ref>[http://newscontent.cctv.com/NewJsp/news.jsp?fileId=293098 China Book Award] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024015/http://newscontent.cctv.com/NewJsp/news.jsp?fileId=293098 |date=2016-03-04 }}, [[CCTV News]], April 23, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2016-05/18/content_25337001.htm What makes us human] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817092355/http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2016-05/18/content_25337001.htm |date=2018-08-17 }}, ''China Daily'', May 18, 2016, p. 20.</ref> एकरा अंग्रेजी भाषा में छपे के चार साल बाद लिखत घरी, एलेक्स प्रेस्टन द गार्जियन में लिखलें कि सैपियंस एगो "पब्लिशिंग फेनोमेना" बन गइल बा "वाइल्ड सक्सेस" के लच्छन से युक्त आ जेकर रुझान "इंटेलिजेंट, चैलेंजिंग नॉन-फिक्शन, बहुधा कई अइसन किताबिन ले जे कई साल पुरान बाड़ीं" बने के ओर बाटे।<ref name="GuardianPreston20180729">{{Cite news |last=Preston |first=Alex |date=July 29, 2018 |title=How the 'brainy' book became a publishing phenomenon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/29/why-brainy-book-became-publishing-phenonmenon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731045820/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/29/why-brainy-book-became-publishing-phenonmenon |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> एही समय, द गार्जियन किताब के दस गो "दशक के सर्वश्रेष्ठ दिमागदार किताब" में लिस्टिंग कइलस। <ref name="GuardianList20180729">{{Cite news |date=July 29, 2018 |title=Best 'brainy' books of this decade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/29/10-best-brainy-books-last-decade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731095515/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/29/10-best-brainy-books-last-decade |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> ब्रिटेन के रॉयल सोसाइटी ऑफ बायोलॉजिस्ट 2015 के किताब पुरस्कार में एह किताब के शॉर्टलिस्ट कइलस। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind |url=https://www.rsb.org.uk//links/161-biologist/book-reviews/1415-sapiens-a-brief-history-of-humankind |access-date=2019-07-02 |website=RSB |archive-date=2019-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702104825/https://www.rsb.org.uk//links/161-biologist/book-reviews/1415-sapiens-a-brief-history-of-humankind |url-status=dead }}</ref> बिल गेट्स सैपियंस के आपन दस गो पसंदीदा किताब में से एगो श्रेणी में रखलें, आऊ [[मार्क ज़करबर्ग|मार्क जुकरबर्ग]] भी एकरा के अनुशंसा कइलें।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gates |first=Bill |date=2016-05-20 |title=My 10 Favorite Books: Bill Gates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/20/t-magazine/my-10-favorite-books-bill-gates.html |access-date=2019-01-28 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-14 |title=I finally read 'Sapiens,' the book that Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg both recommend to everyone – and I get why Silicon Valley loves it so much |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/strategy/i-finally-read-sapiens-the-book-that-bill-gates-and-mark-zuckerberg-both-recommend-to-everyone-and-i-get-why-silicon-valley-loves-it-so-much/articleshow/68875860.cms |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103135217/https://www.businessinsider.in/strategy/i-finally-read-sapiens-the-book-that-bill-gates-and-mark-zuckerberg-both-recommend-to-everyone-and-i-get-why-silicon-valley-loves-it-so-much/articleshow/68875860.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> किर्कस रिव्यूज पुस्तक के एगो स्टार दिहलस, इ ध्यान देवे के कि ई "इतिहास के महान बहस ह जवन संतोषजनक ताकत से प्रसारित कइल गइल बा"। <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Science Books - Best Sellers - Books - The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/science/ |access-date=2021-06-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ब्रिटिश दैनिक ''द टाइम्स'' भी पुस्तक के एगो जानदार समीक्षा दिहलस, जे हवाला दिहलस की "सापियंस एगो अइसन किताब ह जे आपके दिमाग से जाला साफ क देले" आ कि ई "मन में रोमांच पैदा करे वाली" बा।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carey |first=John |title=Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sapiens-a-brief-history-of-humankind-by-yuval-noah-harari-n9zqnzgqpkc |access-date=2021-06-20 |work=[[The Times]] |language=en |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> ''सिडनी मॉर्निंग हेराल्ड'' किताब के "हमेशा आकर्षक आउर प्रोवोकेटिव" बतावलस।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Glyn |date=2014-11-21 |title=Review: Sapiens |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/review-sapiens-20141114-11mmca.html |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> 2015 में जेरूसलम में इजरायल संग्रहालय पुस्तक के आधार पर एगो विशेष, अस्थायी प्रदर्शनी बनवलस, जे पुस्तक में मिलल मुख्य थीम सभ के प्रदर्शन करे खातिर पुरातात्विक आउर कलात्मक चीजन के डिस्प्ले कइलस। ई प्रदर्शनी मई से दिसंबर 2015 ले चलल रहे।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Israel Museum turns a 'brief history of humankind' into exhibit |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/.premium-brief-history-of-humankind-as-art-1.5358322 |access-date=2021-07-19 |work=Haaretz |language=en}}</ref> 2020 में किताब के सफलता पर चर्चा करत, द न्यू योर्कर खातिर लेखन इयान पार्कर कहलन कि "पुस्तक अपेक्षाकृत महत्वपूर्ण उपेक्षा के वातावरण में समृद्ध भइल" काहे कि एकरा रिलीज के समय एकरा के कुछे महत्व वाली रिव्यू मिललीं। पार्कर सैपियंस के बेहद व्यापक दायरा के विशेषज्ञ आलोचना के खिलाफ एगो बचाव के रूप में वर्णन करेलन. हारारी के अकादमिक सलाहकार स्टीवन गन के उद्धृत करत, "केहू अइसन नइखे जे सब कुछ के अर्थ जाने या सब कुछ के इतिहास के विशेषज्ञ होखे, अगर लमहर समय के बात कइल जाय।"<ref name="Parker">{{Cite magazine |last=Parker |first=Ian |date=10 February 2020 |title=Yuval Noah Harari's History of Everyone, Ever |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/02/17/yuval-noah-harari-gives-the-really-big-picture |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref> वर्तमान मामलों खातिर "युवल नोआ हारारी क खतरनाक लोकतांत्रिक विज्ञान" शीर्षक के एगो 2022 लेख में, न्यूरोसाइंटिस्ट दरशन नारायणान ने द न्यूयोर्कर के टिप्पणी पर विस्तार कइलनः "हमने तथ्य जाँच करे में आपन हाथ कोशिश कइलन सपिंस ... हम न्यूरोसाइंस आउर विकासवादी जीव विज्ञान समुदाय में सहयोगियन से परामर्श कइलन आउर पता लगावलें कि हारारी की गलतियां ढेर आउर पर्याप्त बा, आउर नाइट-पिकिंग के रूप में खारिज ना कइल जा सकेला।" <ref name="Narayanan">{{Cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Darshana |date=6 July 2022 |title=The Dangerous Populist Science of Yuval Noah Harari |url=https://www.currentaffairs.org/2022/07/the-dangerous-populist-science-of-yuval-noah-harari/ |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=Current Affairs |language=en}}</ref> === विद्वान लोगन द्वारा रिसेप्शन === मानवविज्ञानी क्रिस्टोफर रॉबर्ट हॉलपाइक पुस्तक के समीक्षा कइलन आऊ कौनो "ज्ञान में गंभीर योगदान" ना पावलें. हॉलपाइक सुझाव दिहलन कि "...जब भी उनकर तथ्य व्यापक रूप से सही होखेला उ नया ना होखेला, आउर जब भी उ आपन खुद के बाहर निकाले के कोशिश करेला उ अक्सर गलत चीज करेला, कबो-कबो गंभीरता से". उ एकरा के एगो सूचना मनोरंजन प्रकाशन कार्यक्रम मानलें जे "इतिहास के परिदृश्य में जंगली बौद्धिक सवारी, अटकलन के सनसनीखेज प्रदर्शन से भरल, आउर मानव भाग्य के बारे में खून के झुकाव वाली भविष्यवाणियों के साथे समाप्त करेला. " <ref>Hallpike, C. R. [https://www.newenglishreview.org/articles/a-response-to-yuval-hararis-sapiens-a-brief-history-of-humankind/ A Response to Yuval Harari's 'Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind'], ''New English Review'', December 2017.</ref> द ''वॉल स्ट्रीट जर्नल'' में विज्ञान पत्रकार चार्ल्स सी. मैन निष्कर्ष निकाले, "लेखक के उत्तेजक लेकिन अक्सर स्रोत रहित दावा के बारे में छात्रावास-कक्ष बैल सत्र के एगो गंध बा. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Charles C. |date=6 February 2015 |title=How Humankind Conquered the World |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/book-review-sapiens-a-brief-history-of-humankind-by-yuval-noah-harari-1423261230 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> द ''[[वाशिंगटन पोस्ट]]'' में पुस्तक के समीक्षा करत, विकासवादी मानवविज्ञानी एवी टस्कमैन हरारी के "स्वतंत्र विचारशील वैज्ञानिक दिमाग" आउर उनकर "राजनीतिक सहीता से अवरुद्ध भ्रमित दुनिया के दृष्टिकोण" के बीच के विरोधाभास से उत्पन्न होखे वाली समस्या के इंगित करेला, लेकिन फिर भी लिखल बा कि "हरारी के पुस्तक गंभीर दिमाग वाला, आत्म-प्रकाशित सैपियन्स खातिर महत्वपूर्ण पढ़ना बा. " <ref>{{Cite news |last=Tuschman |first=Avi |date=16 June 2016 |title=How humans became human |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/our-kind-of-people/2015/03/13/78404422-b84c-11e4-aa05-1ce812b3fdd2_story.html |access-date=16 June 2016 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> द गार्जियन में किताब के समीक्षा करत दार्शनिक गैलन स्ट्रासन के निष्कर्ष मिलल कि कई गो अउरी समस्या के बीच, "बड़ेतर सापियन्स बहुत दिलचस्प बा, आ ई अक्सर बढ़िया से व्यक्त कइल जाला। हालाँकि, जइसे कि पढ़ल जा रहल बा, किताब के आकर्षक विशेषता लापरवाही, अतिशयोक्ति आ ''सापिन्स'' से अभिभूत बाड़ी।" उ खास तौर पर इ बात के उल्लेख करेला कि लेखक कइसे सुख के अध्ययन के उपेक्षा करेला, कि उदार मानववाद के सिद्धांतन आउर जीवन विज्ञान के नवीनतम खोज के बीच एगो अंतर खोले के उनकर दावा मूर्खतापूर्ण बा आउर लेखक के कइसे, एक बार फिर, [[एडम स्मिथ]] के लालच के प्रेरित में बदल दिहलस.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strawson |first=Galen |date=11 September 2014 |title=Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari – review |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/sep/11/sapiens-brief-history-humankind-yuval-noah-harari-review |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == ग्रंथज्ञान == मूल हिब्रू प्रकाशन के पहिली बेर 2011 में קיצור תולדות האנושות [ ⁇ itsur toldot ha-enoshut] के रूप में जारी कइल गइल रहे, जे मानव जाति के एगो संक्षिप्त इतिहास के रूप में अनुवादित होला। A 2012 English translation was self-published with the title ''From Animals Into Gods.'' The English translation was published in 2015 as ''Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind'', "translated by the author with the help of John Purcell and Haim Watzman", simultaneously in London by Harvill Secker {{ISBN|978-1846558238}} (hardback), {{ISBN|978-1846558245}} (trade paperback)<ref>{{Cite web |title=A brief history of human kind |url=http://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/search?vid=44CAM_PROD&lang=en_US&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,(UkCU)5796565-cambrdgedb&search_scope=default_scope&sortby=rank |access-date=2019-07-25 |website=idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> and in Canada by Signal ({{ISBN|978-0-7710-3850-1}} (bound), {{ISBN|978-0-7710-3852-5}} (html)). It was then republished in London by Vintage Books in 2015 ({{ISBN|978-0099590088}} (paperback)). 2020 में पुस्तक के ग्राफिक उपन्यास संस्करण के पहिला खंड कई भाषा में एक साथ प्रकाशित भइल, जेकरा शीर्षक से Sapiens: A Graphic History, Volume 1: The Birth of Mankind. एकर सह-लेखक हारारी आऊ डेविड वैंडरमेलेन द्वारा, अनुकूलन आऊ चित्रण के साथ [[Daniel Casanave|डैनियल कैसानावे]] द्वारा श्रेय दिहल जाला. दूसरा खंड Sapiens: A Graphic History, Volume 2: The Pillars of Civilization अक्टूबर 2021 में प्रकाशित भइल रहेl == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h6n7p7ikq9z30f4sdfuq7am3z12rv1h 0 95490 813969 805964 2026-11-06T13:00:09Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813969 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शाक्त संप्रदाय''' ({{langx|sa|शाक्तसम्प्रदायः}}) सभसे मुख्य [[हिंदू संप्रदाय]]न में से एक हवे जेह में सभसे ऊँच देवता, भा ईश्वरीय पदवी, [[देवी]] के दिहल जाला। एह में देवी भा [[शक्ति]] के केंद्रीय स्थान ह आ उनुके बिबिध रूप जीवन आ ब्रह्मांड के बिबिध पहलू सभ के नियंत्रण करे लें। एह तरीका से अलग-अलग देवी लोगन के जीवन के अलग-अलग पहलू खातिर जिम्मेदार आ ओह चीज के देवी मान के उनहन लोगन के पूजा कइल जाला। मुख्य देवी लोगन में सभसे बेसी आराधन कइल जाये वाली देवी दुर्गा हई। उनुका बाद पार्वती आ काली रूप के पूजा होला। त्रिदेवी के कांसेप्ट में [[पार्वती]], [[लक्ष्मी]] आ [[सरस्वती]] के महत्व हवे। भारत में [[बौद्ध धर्म]] के जोर कम हो जाये के बाद डेवलप भइल कांसेप्ट आ परंपरा में कई बौद्ध देवी (महायान) लोगन के भी हिंदू देवी लोगन के साथे शामिल क के दस गो देवी लोगन के मंडली कल्पित कइल गइल जेकरा के दस [[महाविद्या]] कहल जाला। इनहन लोगन में तारा, भैरवी, त्रिपुरेश्वरी नियन देवी लोग शामिल बाड़ी। एकरे अलावा लोकल लेवल पर गाँव-गाँव में पूजल जाये वाली ग्रामदेवता लोग एह झुण्ड में शामिल बा लोग जिनकर पूजा शाक्त शाखा में होखे ला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[आदि पराशक्ति]] * [[शक्तिपीठ]] * [[दुर्गा]] * [[शैव मत]] {{हिंदू धर्म बिसय}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू संप्रदाय]] {{Hinduism-stub}} aqej0ulnrjk610u1ou3ylgw6v03qetu 0 95595 813955 772503 2026-11-06T12:59:26Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शराब''' एक किसिम क एल्कोहल वाला ड्रिंक ह जे अनाज, फल, सब्जी चाहे चीनी वाला चीज (सुगर) के डिस्टिलेशन से बनावल जाला; डिस्टिलेशन, मने की शराब चुआवे, के पहिले एह चीजन के एल्कोहल पैदा करे वाला फर्मेंटेशन (सरावे के एगो प्रक्रिया) कइल जाला। अंग्रेजी में एकरा के आमतौर प '''''लिकर''''' चाहे '''''हार्ड लिकर''''' भा '''''स्पिरिट्स''''' (यूनाइटेड किंगडम में) कहल जाला। ई अउरी बाकी अल्कोहल वाला ड्रिंक सभ जइसे कि [[बियर|बीयर]] भा [[वाइन]] से बेसी अल्कोहल (इथनौल) वाला होला। शराब के आम किसिम सभ में [[विस्की]], [[रम]], [[वोदका]], [[जिन]] आ टकीला शामिल बाड़ें। विस्की आ ब्रांडी नियर शराब सभ में खास तरीका से पुरान कइल जरूरी मानल जाला जेकरा के अंग्रेजी में एजिंग कहल जाला। बहुत सारा शराब सभ में आर्टिफिशियल फ्लेवर मिलावल जाला। शराब के कई अउरी किसिम के पियल जाये वाला चीज सभ में मिला के कॉकटेल बनावल जाला। शराब लोग नशा खातिर पिये ला जे एह में मौजूद एल्कोहल के मन आ दिमाग पर परे वाला परभाव, 'साइकोएक्टिव इफेक्ट', के चलते होला। शराब के सेहत पर परभाव, कम मात्रा में पिये पर डिप्रेसेंट के रूप में होला, एकरा चलते एंग्जाइटी घट जाला, आनंद बुझाला, आ आदमी बेसी सोशल महसूस करे ला; अउरी बेसी मात्रा में पिये पर नशा में धुत्त होखे, शरीर पर कंट्रोल खतम होखे, दिमाग के बेहवार पर कंट्रोल खतम होखे, आ बेहोशी के स्थिति पैदा हो सके ला; बहुत बेसी होखे पर जान जा सके ला। बहुत तेजी से अल्कोहल पिये से खतरनाक रूप से सेहत परभावित होला आ बहुत बेसी मात्रा में पिये प जान जा सकेला। कम मात्रा में बाकी लमहर समय ले शराब पिये पर बीबिध रोग होखे, समय से पहिले मौत होखे के खतरा बढ़ जाला। कई किसिम के कैंसर आ मानसिक (मेंटल) रोग होखे के कारन शराब पियल बा जे एह में मौजूद एल्कोहल के कारन होला। शराब के जहाँ एक ओर आनंद देवे वाला चीज के रूप में देखल जाला; एकरा आदत लागे (एडिक्शन) आ लमहर समय ले सेवन से बिबिध किसिम के समस्या होखे के चलते एकरा के सामाजिक बुराई के रूप में देखल जाला। [[श्रेणी:शराब]] [[श्रेणी:एल्कोहलिक ड्रिंक]] {{Drink-stub}} 7hgzeor084wjjo4f88oub94urug6jrl 0 95674 813844 786577 2026-11-06T12:51:07Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = लेडी स्टार्मर | image = Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_hosts_Donald_Trump_for_State_visit_(54796269621)_(cropped).jpg | caption = 2025 में लेडी स्टार्मर | known_for = यूनाइटेड किंगडम के परधानमंत्री के पत्नी (2024–अबतक) | birth_name = विक्टोरिया अलेक्जेंडर | birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date | 21 | 1995}}<!--Calculated from approximate date in first reference. --> | birth_place = लंदन, इंग्लैंड | occupation = | party = [[लेबर पार्टी (यूके)|लेबर]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[केर स्टार्मर]]|2007}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[कार्डिफ यूनिवर्सिटी]] ([[एलएल.बी.]]) | website = | nickname = | relatives = | education = }} '''विक्टोरिया, लेडी स्टार्मर''' (पहिले अलेक्जेंडर; जनम 1973 भा 1974) एगो ब्रिटिश वकील आ यूनाइटेड किंगडम के परधानमंत्री सर [[केर स्टार्मर]] के पत्नी बाड़ी। जुलाई 2024 तक ले, ऊ नेशनल हेल्थ सर्विस (स्वास्थ सेवा) में हेल्थ वर्कर के रूप में काम क रहल बाड़ी। [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{poli-bio-stub}} 65h28la17keqjsuooum8ikae2icunb5 0 96110 813739 783579 2026-11-06T12:07:33Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813739 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Vercetti Regular font specimen.svg|thumb|वर्सेटी रेगुलर]] '''वर्सेटी रेगुलर''' ([[अंग्रेजी]]:Vercetti Regular), एगो सैंस सेरिफ फॉन्ट हवे जे फिलिपोस फ्रैगकोजियनिस आ रिचर्ड मैंडोना द्वारा 2022 में डिजाइन कइल गइल।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dohmann |first=von Antje |date=2022-09-19 |title=Freefont Vercetti |url=https://page-online.de/typografie/freefont-vercetti/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=PAGE online |language=de-DE}}</ref> एकरा के 2022 में लाइसेंस लाइसेंस एमिकल के तहत जारी कइल गइल जेह में प्रयोगकर्ता लोग के फॉन्ट फाइल सभ के दोस्त आ साथी लोग के साझा करे के इजाजत बा।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Vercetti Font: A Free Sans Serif For Humanistic Design (+ 326 Glyphs) - Desircle |url=https://desircle.com/vercetti-font/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=desircle.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208123700/https://desircle.com/vercetti-font |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|35em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://filipposfragkogiannis.com/fonts/vercetti-regular वेबसाइट] * [http://amicale.li/en.html Licence Amicale] * [https://fontsinuse.com/typefaces/210877/vercetti Fonts In Use (Vercetti)] * {{Commons-inline|Category:Vercetti Regular (typeface)|Vercetti Regular}} [[श्रेणी:टाइपफेस]] {{computer-stub}} ms72jjnihmbgqelfuz4pn5akux26rt9 0 97456 814401 804362 2026-11-07T07:17:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बिब्लियोग्राफी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Technical title}} '''''सूडोसाइंस''''' ({{Lang|en|pseudoscience}}, उच्चा. ''सूडोसाइंस''<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Pronounce Pseudoscience |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLShKfTO3Mw |date=31 मई 2015}}</ref> अरथ: झूठ बिग्यान चाहे '''झूठ विज्ञान''') ओह बयान, विश्वास, आ अभ्यास के कहल जाला जे अपना के वैज्ञानिक आ तथ्यात्मक बतावे ला, लेकिन [[साइंटिफिक मेथड|वैज्ञानिक विधि]] के अनुकूल ना होखे ला।{{refn|group=Note|Definition: * "A pretended or spurious science; a collection of related beliefs about the world mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method or as having the status that scientific truths now have". ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', second edition 1989. * "Many writers on pseudoscience have emphasized that pseudoscience is non-science posing as science. The foremost modern classic on the subject (Gardner 1957) bears the title ''[[Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science]]''. According to Brian Baigrie (1988, 438), '[w]hat is objectionable about these beliefs is that they masquerade as genuinely scientific ones.' These and many other authors assume that to be pseudoscientific, an activity or a teaching has to satisfy the following two criteria (Hansson 1996): (1) it is not scientific, and (2) its major proponents try to create the impression that it is scientific."<ref name="SEP section SciPse">{{citation|chapter-url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science|chapter=Science and Pseudoscience|at=Section 2: The "science" of pseudoscience|title=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|first=Sven Ove|year=2008|last=Hansson|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=8 April 2009|archive-date=6 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906011752/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/|url-status=live|issn=1095-5054}}</ref> * '"claims presented so that they appear [to be] scientific even though they lack supporting evidence and plausibility" (p. 33). In contrast, science is "a set of methods designed to describe and interpret observed and inferred phenomena, past or present, and aimed at building a testable body of knowledge open to rejection or confirmation" (p. 17)'{{sfnp|Shermer|1997}} (this was the [https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind02/c7/c7s5.htm definition adopted by] the National Science Foundation) Terms regarded as having largely the same meaning but perhaps less disparaging connotations include ''parascience,'' ''cryptoscience,'' and ''anomalistics.''<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael P. |last=Gordin |title=The Pseudoscience Wars: Immanuel Velikovsky and the Birth of the Modern Fringe |url=https://archive.org/details/pseudosciencewar0000gord_i3n2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pseudosciencewar0000gord_i3n2/page/11 11] |year=2012 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-30443-4}}</ref>}} सूडोसाइंस के अक्सर अइसन दावा सभ से चीन्हल जा सके ला जे दावा विरोधाभासी, बढ़ा-चढ़ा के बतावल गइल, अनफाल्सीफियेबल दावा होखें; ई पुष्टि पक्षपात भा कन्फर्मेशन बायस (confirmation bias) पर निर्भर होखे लें बजाय कठोर खंडन के प्रयास के; एह में दूसरका विशेषज्ञ लोग से मूल्यांकन के खुलापन के कमी होला, हाइपोथीसिस बनावे के दौरान व्यवस्थित तरीका के नामौजूदगी होला; आ झूठ वैज्ञानिक हाइपोथीसिस के प्रयोगशाला में गलत साबित होखे के बावजूद एकरा पर अटल/अड़ल रहे के आदत देखल जाला। ई "जंक साइंस" से अलगे ह। == नोट == <references group="Note"/> == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|30em}} == बिब्लियोग्राफी== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Shermer|first=Michael|author-link= |year=1997|title=Why people believe weird things: pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965594875|url-access=registration|location=New York|publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company|isbn=978-0-7167-3090-3}} {{refend}} [[श्रेणी:बिज्ञान]] {{science-stub}} jrtthh5i9d35tql0ldeydmxby2txxxi 0 97940 813840 782213 2026-11-06T12:50:58Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विकिस्रोत''' एगो ऑनलाइन विकी-आधारित डिजिटल लाइब्रेरी हवे, जहाँ मुफ्त सामग्री वाला पाठ्य स्रोत सभ सहेजल जाला। एकर संचालन [[विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन]] करेला। "विकिस्रोत" खुदा पूरा प्रोजेक्ट के नाँव हवे, आ ई हर भाषा खातिर अलग-अलग रूप में मौजूद बा। एकर मकसद हवे कि तरह-तरह के भाषा में फ्री टेक्स्ट आ अनुवाद सभ के संग्रहित कइल जाव। पहिले ई सिर्फ ऐतिहासिक रूप से जरूरी आ उपयोगी पाठ्य सामग्री के संग्रह खातिर सोचल गइल रहे, बाकिर बाद में ई एगो सामान्य डिजिटल लाइब्रेरी बन गइल। ई प्रोजेक्ट आधिकारिक रूप से 24 नवम्बर 2003 के "प्रोजेक्ट सोर्सबर्ग" नाँव से शुरू भइल, जे "प्रोजेक्ट गुटेनबर्ग" के नाँव पर एगो मजाकिया संकेत रहे। ओकरा बाद उहे साल "विकिस्रोत" नाँव राखल गइल आ एकरा खुद के डोमेन नाँव मिल गइल। {{Internet-stub}} 0q5cgfihtld73528k5jvuerziaf58yz 0 97957 814403 809393 2026-11-07T07:17:51Z SM7 3953 हिज्जे/इस्पेलिंग सुधार 814403 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Four-swastika collage (transparent).png|thumb|स्वस्तिक एगो अइसन सिंबल भा चीन्हा हवे जे कई ठे संस्कृति सभ में अलग-अलग इस्टाइल में आ अलग-अलग अरथ में इस्तेमाल होखे ला।]] '''स्वास्तिक''' ({{Langx|sa|स्वस्तिकः}}) ('''卐''' भा '''卍''') एगो परंपरागत आ बहुत प्राचीन (पुरान) चीन्हा ह जवन यूरोपीय-एशियाई धर्म आ संस्कृतियन में, साथे-साथ कुछ अफ्रीकी आ अमेरिकियो संस्कृतियन में इस्तेमाल होखे ला। स्वस्तिक भारतीय धर्मन में, जइसे [[हिंदू धर्म]], [[बौद्ध धर्म]], आ [[जैन धर्म]] में, दिव्यता आ आध्यात्मिकता के प्रतीक के रूप में पहिलहूँ इस्तेमाल होखे आ अबहियों हो रहल बा।<ref name="britswast">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/swastika |title=Swastika |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2014">{{cite magazine |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29644591 |title=How the world loved the swastika – until Hitler stole it |first=Mukti Jain |last=Campion |date=2014-10-23 |magazine=BBC News Magazine |access-date=2022-01-11}}</ref><ref name="Olson">{{Cite journal |last=Olson |first=Jim |date=September 2020 |title=The Swastika Symbol in Native American Art |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2453170975 |journal=Whispering Wind |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=23–25 |issn=0300-6565 |id={{ProQuest|2453170975}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref> [[पच्छिमी दुनिया]] में ई ब्यापक रूप से जर्मन [[नाजी पार्टी]] के निशान के रूप में जानल जाला, काहे कि उ लोग बीसवीं शताब्दी के सुरुआत में ए के अपन झंडा आ निशान खातिर अपनवलें। आजो दुनियाभर के [[नव-नाजी समूह]] एह चीन्हा के इस्तेमाल कइ रहल बाड़ें।<ref name="britswast" /><ref name="Cort 2001 17">{{cite book |last=Cort |first=John E. |author-link= |title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PZk-4HOMzsoC|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513234-2 |page=17}}</ref> ई आमतौर पर एगो [[क्रॉस]] जइसन बनल होला, जवना के चारों भुजा एके लंबाई के होले आ अगल-बगल के भुजा से सीधा कोण बनावत बा, आ हर भुजा बीच में 90 डिग्री पर मोड़ाइल होले। "स्वस्तिक" शब्द [[संस्कृत]] भाषा के शब्द ह, जवना के मतलब होखे ला "कल्याणकारी" चाहे "मंगलदायक"। हिंदू धर्म में, दाहिना ओर मुड़ल (घड़ी के दिशा में) चीन्हा ({{char|卐}}) के स्वस्तिक कहल जाला, जे [[सुरुज|सुरुज (सूर्य)]], समृद्धि आ शुभता के निशानी हवे। जबकि, उल्टा घुमल चिन्ह ({{char|卍}}) के "सौवस्तिक" कहाला, जे राति चाहे हिंदू देवी [[काली]] के तांत्रिक पक्ष के चीन्हा मानल जाला। जैन धर्म में, स्वस्तिक जैन ध्वज के एगो मूलभूत हिस्सा ह आ सातवाँ [[तीर्थंकर]] [[सुपार्श्वनाथ]] के निशान मानल जाला। बौद्ध धर्म में, ई बुद्ध के शुभ चरण चिह्न के रूप में इस्तेमाल होखे ला। अलग-अलग इंडो-यूरोपीय परंपरन में स्वस्तिक के आग, बिजली के कड़क (वज्र), आ सुरुज के प्रतीक मानल गइल बा। ई [[सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता]] आ समर्रा संस्कृति के पुरातात्त्विक अवशेष में भी मिले ला, साथे-साथ शुरुआती बाइजेंटाइन आ ईसाईयो कलाकृतिन में देखल गइल बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|30em}} [[श्रेणी:चीन्हा]] {{Culture-stub}} qyf3ka8bup0j6p14fipqza352yy8ujz 814404 814403 2026-11-07T07:27:59Z SM7 3953 +विकिकड़ी जोड़ल गइल 814404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Four-swastika collage (transparent).png|thumb|स्वस्तिक एगो अइसन सिंबल भा चीन्हा हवे जे कई ठे संस्कृति सभ में अलग-अलग इस्टाइल में आ अलग-अलग अरथ में इस्तेमाल होखे ला।]] '''स्वास्तिक''' ({{Langx|sa|स्वस्तिकः}}) ('''卐''' भा '''卍''') एगो परंपरागत आ बहुत प्राचीन (पुरान) चीन्हा ह जवन यूरोपीय-एशियाई धर्म आ संस्कृतियन में, साथे-साथ कुछ अफ्रीकी आ अमेरिकियो संस्कृतियन में इस्तेमाल होखे ला। स्वस्तिक भारतीय धर्मन में, जइसे [[हिंदू धर्म]], [[बौद्ध धर्म]], आ [[जैन धर्म]] में, दिव्यता आ आध्यात्मिकता के प्रतीक के रूप में पहिलहूँ इस्तेमाल होखे आ अबहियों हो रहल बा।<ref name="britswast">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/swastika |title=Swastika |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2014">{{cite magazine |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29644591 |title=How the world loved the swastika – until Hitler stole it |first=Mukti Jain |last=Campion |date=2014-10-23 |magazine=BBC News Magazine |access-date=2022-01-11}}</ref><ref name="Olson">{{Cite journal |last=Olson |first=Jim |date=September 2020 |title=The Swastika Symbol in Native American Art |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2453170975 |journal=Whispering Wind |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=23–25 |issn=0300-6565 |id={{ProQuest|2453170975}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref> [[पच्छिमी दुनिया]] में ई ब्यापक रूप से जर्मन [[नाजी पार्टी]] के निशान के रूप में जानल जाला, काहे कि उ लोग बीसवीं शताब्दी के सुरुआत में ए के अपन झंडा आ निशान खातिर अपनवलें। आजो दुनियाभर के [[नव-नाजी समूह]] एह चीन्हा के इस्तेमाल कइ रहल बाड़ें।<ref name="britswast" /><ref name="Cort 2001 17">{{cite book |last=Cort |first=John E. |author-link= |title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PZk-4HOMzsoC|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513234-2 |page=17}}</ref> ई आमतौर पर एगो [[क्रॉस]] जइसन बनल होला, जवना के चारों भुजा एके लंबाई के होले आ अगल-बगल के भुजा से सीधा कोण बनावत बा, आ हर भुजा बीच में 90 डिग्री पर मोड़ाइल होले। "स्वस्तिक" शब्द [[संस्कृत]] भाषा के शब्द ह, जवना के मतलब होखे ला "कल्याणकारी" चाहे "मंगलदायक"। हिंदू धर्म में, दाहिना ओर मुड़ल (घड़ी के दिशा में) चीन्हा ({{char|卐}}) के स्वस्तिक कहल जाला, जे [[सुरुज|सुरुज (सूर्य)]], समृद्धि आ शुभता के निशानी हवे। जबकि, उल्टा घुमल चिन्ह ({{char|卍}}) के "सौवस्तिक" कहाला, जे राति चाहे हिंदू देवी [[काली]] के तांत्रिक पक्ष के चीन्हा मानल जाला। जैन धर्म में, स्वस्तिक जैन ध्वज के एगो मूलभूत हिस्सा ह आ सातवाँ [[तीर्थंकर]] [[सुपार्श्वनाथ]] के निशान मानल जाला। बौद्ध धर्म में, ई बुद्ध के शुभ चरण चिह्न के रूप में इस्तेमाल होखे ला। अलग-अलग इंडो-यूरोपीय परंपरन में स्वस्तिक के आग, बिजली के कड़क (वज्र), आ सुरुज के प्रतीक मानल गइल बा। ई [[सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता]] आ समर्रा संस्कृति के पुरातात्त्विक अवशेष में भी मिले ला, साथे-साथ शुरुआती बाइजेंटाइन आ ईसाईयो कलाकृतिन में देखल गइल बा। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[स्वस्ति]] * [[स्वस्तिवाचन]] भा स्वस्तिपाठ * [[शांति मंत्र]] * [[सिद्धासन|स्वास्तिकासन]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|30em}} [[श्रेणी:चीन्हा]] {{Culture-stub}} 8mxqmxk6enddcde48pdyyzte29ma95k 0 97964 813993 812826 2026-11-06T13:02:06Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shiva with his symbols riding Nandi. Gouache drawing. Wellcome V0044967.jpg|thumb|Shiva, the addressee of this hymn, riding his mount Nandi]] '''शिवमहिम्न स्तोत्र''' ({{Langx|sa|शिवमहिम्नःस्तोत्र|śiva-mahimnaḥ stotra}}; अर्थ: 'शिव के महिमा के स्तुति') एगो संस्कृत [[स्तोत्र]] रचना ह, जवन [[शिव|भगवान शिव]] के महिमा के गुणगान करेला। परंपरा के अनुसार, ई स्तोत्र एगो [[गंधर्व]] (स्वर्गीय गायक) पुष्पदंत द्वारा रचल गइल मानल जाला। एह स्तोत्र में भगवान शिव के विभिन्न लीलन, गुण, आ उपलब्धियन के वर्णन कइल गइल बा, जे उनकर सर्वोच्चता के दर्शावेला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू ग्रंथ]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू भक्ति पाठ]] [[श्रेणी:शैव मत]] {{hinduism-stub}} m1k54mq3wryrsjdmuni5myc48jntyzm 0 98001 813847 800364 2026-11-06T12:51:15Z SM7Bot 7808 /* टेलीविजन */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = विक्रांत सिंह राजपूत | image = Vikrant singh rajput bhojpuri.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|09|29|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[आजमगढ़]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | occupation = [[एक्टर]] | years_active = 2010–वर्तमान | known_for = | notable_works = | spouse = {{marriage|[[अंतरा बिस्वास]]|2017}} }} '''विक्रांत सिंह राजपूत''' (जनम 29 सितंबर 1986) एगो भारतीय एक्टर बाड़ें जे भोजपुरी फिलिम सभ में काम करे लें। उ आपन फिल्मी कैरियर के शुरुआत फिलिम ''मेहरारू बिना रतिया कइसे कटी'' से कइलें। == निजी जिनगी == सिंह के बियाह अभिनेत्री [[अंतरा बिस्वास|मोनालिसा]] से जनवरी 2017 में भइल। विक्रांत सिंह राजपूत ''नच बलिये (सीजन 8)'' में प्रतियोगी रहले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/monalisa-and-vikrant-singh-rajput-bring-on-screen-chemistry-to-city-streets/articleshow/58234735.cms|title=Monalisa and Vikrant Singh Rajput bring on-screen chemistry to city streets|work=www.timesofindia.com|author=The Times f India|date=18 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/buzz/nach-baliye-8-preview-bigg-boss-10-contestant-monalisa-kisses-husband-vikrant-singh-rajpoot-on-the-show-2000272/|title=Nach Baliye 8 Preview: Bigg Boss 10 contestant Monalisa kisses husband Vikrant Singh Rajpoot on the show!|work=www.india.com|author= India.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Neha |title=Monalisa and Vikrant Singh Rajput smooch during Nach Baliye 8 performance {{!}} नच बलिये 8: स्टेज पर सबके सामने ही स्मूच करने लगे भोजपुरी स्टार्स मोनालिसा और विक्रांत - Latest News & Updates in Hindi at India.com Hindi |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/monalisa-and-vikrant-singh-rajput-smooch-during-nach-baliye-8-performance-1999360/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-hurt-seeing-manu-punjabi-pass-bad-comments-about-me-in-bigg-boss-mona-lisa/articleshow/58398276.cms|title=I was hurt seeing Manu Punjabi pass bad comments about me in Bigg Boss: Mona Lisa|work=www.timesofindia.com|author=The Times f India|date=27 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/nach-baliye-monalisa-and-vikrant-kiss-passionately-in-front-of-everyone-513561|title=NACH BALIYE: Monalisa and Vikrant KISS PASSIONATELY in front of everyone|work=www.abplive.com|author=ABP News}}</ref> == फिल्मोग्राफी == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! बरिस !! टाइटिल !! रोल !! भाषा !! नोट |- |2013||''मेहरारू बिना रतिया कइसे कटी''|| || rowspan="4" | [[भोजपुरी]]|| |- |2015||''प्रेम लीला''|| प्रेम || |- |2018||''पाकिस्तान में जय श्री राम''|| || |- |2018||''बार्डर''||विनोद पाण्डेय || |} == टेलीविजन == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! बरिस !! टाइटिल !! रोल !! नोट |- |2019 |''विद्या'' | अवतार सिंह | |- |- |2022 |''स्मार्ट जोड़ी'' |प्रतियोगी |अपना पत्नी [[अंतरा बिस्वास]] के साथे |} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:1986 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:भोजपुरी सिनेमा के मरद एक्टर लोग]] [[श्रेणी:आजमगढ़ जिला के लोग]] o5am7yfkmsa3cb0s4614y4wx3l0m1rd 0 98130 813770 782774 2026-11-06T12:10:01Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map_of_Sunda_and_Sahul.svg|thumb|Wallace's Line delineates Australian and Southeast Asian fauna.]] '''वालस लाइन''' भा '''वालेस लाइन''' ({{Langx|en|Wallace Line}} भा Wallace's Line) जीव-जंतु संबंधी एक ठो काल्पनिक बाउंड्री लाइन हवे, जे 1859 में अंग्रेज प्रकृतिवादी [[अल्फ्रेड रसेल वालस]] द्वारा खींचल गइल रहे,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=James Allan |title=Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions |date=1984 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-389-20507-4 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xz9dWjh_CAsC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA178&dq=wallace%20line&pg=PA178#v=onepage&q=wallace%20line&f=false |language=en}}</ref> आ एकर नाम अंग्रेज जीवविज्ञानी [[थॉमस हेनरी हक्सले]] रखले रहलन। ई लाइन एशिया आ 'वालेसिया' के बीच के जीव-भौगोलिक प्रदेशन के बिलग करे ले। वालेसिया एशिया आ ऑस्ट्रेलिया के बीच के एगो ट्रांजिशन जोन हवे, जे पहिले मलय द्वीपसमूह भा इंडो-ऑस्ट्रेलियन द्वीपसमूह कहल जाल (आज ई [[इंडोनेशिया]] में पड़े ला)। एह लाइन के पच्छिम में अइसन जीव-जंतु मिलेलन जे एशियाई प्रजातियन से जुड़ल बाड़ें, जबकि पूरुब में एशियाई आ ऑस्ट्रेलियाई दुनो ओरिजिन के प्रजातियन के मिश्रण देखे के मिलेला। वालेस आपन 19वीं सदी के ईस्ट इंडीज (पूरबी दीपसमूह) यात्रा के दौरान जमीन के स्तनधारी (मैमल) जीव आ चिरइन में ई साफ-साफ बँटवारा देखले रहलन। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जीव भूगोल]] {{Geography-stub}} q5w58ta7xwu0vjzcamw1p826ouq3gk1 0 98192 814360 806027 2026-11-07T07:14:31Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious text | image = Hanuman's visit, in bazaar art with a Marathi caption, early 1900s.jpg | caption = अशोक वाटिका में सीता के सोझा चहुँपल हनुमान, बाज़ार आर्ट, शुरूआती 1900 के दशक के पेंटिंग | author = [[वाल्मीकि]] | religion = [[हिंदू]] | language = [[संस्कृत]] | verses = }} '''सुंदरकांड''' ({{Langx|sa|सुन्दरकाण्डम्}}, मतलब: 'सुंदर अध्याय') [[संस्कृत]] [[महाकाब्य]] आ हिंदू धार्मिक कथा [[रामायण]] के पाँचवाँ अध्याय ह;<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-27 |title=Sundarakanda, Sundarakāṇḍa, Sundara-kanda: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sundarakanda |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> रामायण में अध्यायन के नाँव 'काण्ड' के रूप में रखल गइल हवे। मूल सुंदरकांड संस्कृत में बा, आ परंपरा अनुसार एकरा के महर्षि [[वाल्मीकि]] रचले रहलें, जे रामायण के रूप में पहिला बेर रामकथा लिखे वाला कवी मानल जालें। तुलसीदास अपना रामकथा [[रामचरितमानस]] में एही नाँव के अध्याय रखले बाड़ें। सुंदरकांड रामायण के अइसन अकेल अध्याय ह, जहाँ मुख्य किरदार [[राम]] ना हउवें, बलुक [[हनुमान]] हउवें। एह कांड में हनुमान के बहादुरी, बड़प्पन, आ राम पर गाढ़ सनेह देखावल गइल बा। कहल जाला कि हनुमान के माई अंजनी उनुका के नेह में "सुंदर" कह के बोलावें, एही से महर्षि वाल्मीकि एह अध्याय के नाँव सुंदरकांड रखले, काहें से कि एह अध्याय के पूरा कथा हनुमान आ उनुके के [[लंका]] यात्रा के ऊपर बाटे।<ref>{{Cite book |last=aravamudan |first=krishnan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJe9BAAAQBAJ&dq=sundara+hanuman&pg=PA369 |title=Pure Gems of Ramayanam |date=2014-09-22 |publisher=PartridgeIndia |isbn=978-1-4828-3720-9 |pages=369 |language=en}}</ref> == पाठ भा पारायण == रामायण के पाठ (पारायण) के शुरूआत परंपरा अनुसार सुंदरकांड से कइल जाला। एह पाठ के हिंदू लोग, खास कर के [[मंगर]] या [[शनिचर]] के दिन, मन लगा के पढ़ेला, काहेकि ई दिन हनुमान जी के बिसेस पूजा खातिर राखल गइल बा। एह पाठ के बारे में ई मान्यता बा कि ई सूरज आ छाया के बेटा [[शनिदेव]] के खराब असर के टारे में मदद करेला। रामायण में ई बात बतावल गइल बा कि शनि, जे रावण के महल में बंदी रहलें, उनकर उद्धार हनुमान कइले रहलें। एह उपकार के बदला में शनिदेव सब हनुमान भकतन के संकट आ कष्ट से छुटकारा दे देवे के बचन दिहले रहलें। एगो आउरी कथा बा कि एक बेर शनिदेव हनुमान आ के ऊपर चढ़ के उनकर आपन ग्रह प्रभाव डाले के कोशिश कइले रहलें, बाकिर हनुमान के काँधा आ छत के बीच में फँस गइलन। दर्द ना सह सकलन त तुरंते माफी माँगलन आ हनुमान से छुटकारा पवले। धरम मान्यता के अनुसार, सुंदरकांड के पाठ घर में शांति, सनेह आ सुभगती ले आवेला। बहुते हिंदू लोग मानेला कि अगर पूरा रामायण पढ़े के समय ना होखे, त खाली सुंदरकांड पढ़ल जरूरी बा। == अउरी दूसर वर्शन == सुंदरकांड के कई गो रूप दूसर भाषवन में भी मिलेला। जइसे कि अवधी में, जवना में संत [[तुलसीदास]] जी [[रामचरितमानस]] लिखले रहलें। रामचरितमानस वाल्मीकि रामायण से बहुत बाद में, सोलहवीं सदी में लिखल गइल। ई किताब सुंदरकांड से अउरी आगे बढ़ के राम के सेना के किष्किंधा पर्वत से रामेश्वरम के समुंदर किनारे ले जाए के यात्रा, राम के शिव के अराधना, आ विभीषण, शुक ऋषि, आ समुद्र देवता वरुण के राम के सरन में आवे के कथा भी समेटले बा। एह में वरुण राम से कहले रहले कि नल अउरी नील नाम के दू गो वानर भाई, जे बढ़िया पुल बनावे के वरदान पवले रहले, उनुका से मदद लिहल जाय। ओही लोग राम सेतु बनवले रहलें जे रामेश्वरम से लंका ले गइल। एह से पहिले के एगो तमिल संस्करण बा, जवना के [[रामावतारम]] कहल जाला, जे [[कंबन]] रचले रहलें। ई ग्रंथ दक्षिण भारत में खास कर के श्रीवैष्णव आ स्मार्त ब्राह्मणन में बहुत प्रसिद्ध बा। एहसे अलगा, तेलुगू में भी एक रूप [[रंगनाथ रामायणम]] बा, जवना के गोना बुधा रेड्डी लिखले रहलें। एकरो भीतर सुंदरकांड के कथा बा। साल 1972 से 1974 के बीच, एम. एस. रामाराव जी तुलसीदास के हनुमान चालीसा आ वाल्मीकि के सुंदरकांड के तेलुगू गीतन में ‘सुंदरकांडमु’ नाम से गा के लोक में लोकप्रिय बना देले रहलें। मलयालम में सुंदरकांड के एगो स्वतंत्र अनुवाद मिलेला, जवना के ‘आध्यात्म रामायणम किलिपाट्टु’ कहल जाला। एकरा के ठुञ्चत रामानुजन एझुताच्छन लिखले रहलें। ई ग्रंथ आध्यात्म रामायण पर आधारित बा, जे रामानंदी सम्प्रदाय से जुड़ल संस्कृत ग्रंथ ह। [[हनुमान चलीसा]], जे तुलसीदास लिखले रहलें, हनुमान के वीरता के एगो अलग कवितात्मक भेंट ह। ई रामायण के घटनन के त जिक्र करेला, बाकिर एकर दायरा ओहसे भी आगे बढ़ जाला — हनुमान के पूरा जीवन के समेट लेवेला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == [[श्रेणी:रामायण]] {{Lit-stub}} 7lpgdc5fe94bq7vfo4dwd7mvwelv0um 0 98240 814192 783333 2026-11-06T15:57:06Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = Sai Sudharsan | image = | country = India | fullname = Bhardwaj Sai Sudharsan | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|10|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] | batting = Left-handed | bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]] | role = [[Batting order (cricket)#Top-Order|Top-Order Batter]] | height = 1.84 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sai Sudarshan's profile on CREX|url=https://crex.live/player-profile/6M2/b-sai-sudharsan/info}}</ref> | international = true | internationalspan = 2023–present | club1 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]] | year1 = {{nowrap|2021/22–present}} | club2 = [[Gujarat Titans]] | year2 = 2022–present | club3 = [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] | year3 = 2023–2024 | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1151288.html ESPNcricinfo }} '''भारद्वाज साईँ सुदर्शन''' ({{Langx|en|Bharadwaj Sai Sudharsan}}) (जनम 15 अक्टूबर 2001) एगो भारतीय अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट खिलाड़ी हउवें, जे घरेलू क्रिकेट में तमिलनाडु खातिर, [[आईपीएल|इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग (IPL)]] में [[गुजरात टाइटंस]] खातिर, आ काउंटी चैंपियनशिप में सरे काउंटी क्रिकेट क्लब खातिर खेलत बाड़ें। उनीं आपन वनडे इंटरनेशनल (ODI) डेब्यू दिसंबर 2023 में साउथ अफ्रीका के खिलाफ कइले रहलन।​ == बैकग्राउंड == सुधर्शन के पिता एगो एथलीट रह चुकल बाड़ें, जे ढाका में भइल साउथ एशियन गेम्स में भारत के प्रतिनिधित्व कइले रहलें, जबकि उनकर माई राज्य स्तर के वॉलीबॉल खिलाड़ी रह चुकल बाड़ी।​ ==घरेलू करियर== 2019/20 राजा ऑफ पलायमपट्टी शील्ड में, ऊ अलवरपेट CC खातिर 52.92 के औसत से 635 रन बना के टीम के प्रमुख रन स्कोरर रहलें। 4 नवंबर 2021 के, ऊ तमिलनाडु खातिर 2021–22 सैयद मुश्ताक अली ट्रॉफी में आपन [[ट्वेंटी20]] डेब्यू कइले रहलें। 8 दिसंबर 2021 के, ऊ तमिलनाडु खातिर 2021–22 विजय हजारे ट्रॉफी में आपन लिस्ट A डेब्यू कइले रहलें। फरवरी 2022 में, गुजरात टाइटंस ऊ के 2022 के IPL नीलामी में खरीदले रहल। TNPL में उनकर प्रदर्शन के आधार पर ऊ IPL टीम में चयनित भइलें।​ अप्रैल 2022 में, विजय शंकर के चोट के कारण ऊ IPL में डेब्यू कइले रहलें।​ 2023 के IPL सीजन में, सुधर्शन 51.71 के औसत से 362 रन बनवले रहलें। IPL फाइनल में चेन्नई सुपर किंग्स के खिलाफ ऊ 96 रन बनवले रहलें, बाकिर उनकर टीम गुजरात टाइटंस उ मैच हार गइल। अगस्त 2023 में, सुधर्शन सरे खातिर 2023 काउंटी चैंपियनशिप के अंतिम तीन मैच खातिर साइन कइले रहलें।​ [[श्रेणी:तमिलनाडु के क्रिकेटर]] {{Cricket-bio-stub}} l8rc3rpcp6wcx0u858zgti7k7d66qw6 0 98241 814326 783334 2026-11-07T05:35:50Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिल्वीकल्चर''' ({{Langx|en|silviculture}}) एगो तरीका ह, जवना से [[जंगल]] के बढ़त, बनावट, आ गुणवत्ता पर कंट्रोल कइल जाला, ताकि इंसान के जरुरत, खास कर के लकड़ी उत्पादन, पूरा कइल जा सके। ई शब्द [[लैटिन]] के ''silvi''- (माने ‘जंगल’) आ ''culture'' (माने ‘पालन-पोषण’) से बनल बा। जंगल आ बन के अध्ययन के ''सिल्वोलॉजी'' कहल जाला। सिल्वीकल्चर में ईहो देखल जाला कि जंगल के देखभाल आ ट्रीटमेंट से उनका उपज में सुधार आ संरक्षण होखे। सामान्य रूप से, सिल्वीकल्चर एगो विज्ञान आ कला ह, जवन कि ''सिल्विक्स'' (यानि जंगल के पेड़-पौधा के जीवन इतिहास आ विशेषता सभ) के जानकारी पर आधारित होखेला। ई लोकल या क्षेत्रीय परिस्थिति के ध्यान में रखके जंगल के पेड़न के उगावल, बढ़ावल आ उनका के सही ढंग से सँभारे के काम ह। सिल्वीकल्चर आ [[फारेस्ट्री|फॉरेस्ट्री]] (वन विज्ञान) में फर्क ई बा कि सिल्वीकल्चर के फोकस जंगल के छोटे-छोटे हिस्सा (stand-level) पर होखेला, जवन कि एक्टिव तरीका से मैनेज कइल जाला। जबकि फॉरेस्ट्री एगो व्यापक अवधारणा ह, जवना में संरक्षित या प्राकृतिक जंगल भी आवेला, जहाँ हर हिस्सा पर ट्रीटमेंट जरूरी नइखे। सिल्वीकल्चर में अक्सर एडाप्टिव मैनेजमेंट (adaptive management) के इस्तमाल होखेला — मतलब समय-समय पर रणनीति में बदलाव कर के मैनेजमेंट कइल जाला। {{science-stub}} 0knpnc0gjohsax1nmh7ee3txgb2sl4x 0 98341 813926 796420 2026-11-06T12:57:13Z SM7Bot 7808 /* सुरुआती जिनगी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = वैभव सूर्यवंशी | birth_date = {{birth date and age |2011|3|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[समस्तीपुर जिला|समस्तीपुर]], बिहार, भारत | batting = बाँयहत्था | bowling = स्लो लेफ्ट आर्म ओर्थोडॉक्स | role = टॉप-ऑर्डर | club1 = बिहार क्रिकेट टीम | year1 = {{nowrap|2023–अबतक}} | club2 = [[राजस्थान रॉयल्स]] | year2 = {{nowrap|2025–अबतक}} | columns = 3 | column1 = [[फर्स्ट-क्लास क्रिकेट|FC]] | matches1 = 8 | runs1 = 207 | bat avg1 = 17.25 | 100s/50s1 = 0/1 | top score1 = 93 | deliveries1 = 84 | wickets1 = 2 | bowl avg1 = 28.50 | fivefor1 = 0 | tenfor1 = 0 | best bowling1 = 1/7 | catches/stumpings1 = 2/– | column2 = [[लिस्ट ए क्रिकेट|LA]] | matches2 = 8 | runs2 = 353 | bat avg2 = 44.12 | 100s/50s2 = 1/1 | top score2 = 190 | deliveries2 = 60 | wickets2 = 0 | bowl avg2 = – | fivefor2 = – | tenfor2 = – | best bowling2 = – | catches/stumpings2 = 3/– | column3 = [[ट्वेंटी20|टी20]] | matches3 = 33 | runs3 = 1,381 | bat avg3 = 43.16 | 100s/50s3 = 4/5 | top score3 = 144 | deliveries3 = 17 | wickets3 = 0 | bowl avg3 = – | fivefor3 = – | tenfor3 = – | best bowling3 = – | catches/stumpings3 = 2/– | source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vaibhav-suryavanshi-1408688 ESPNcricinfo | date = 26 May | year = 2026 | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|पुरुष [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup|ICC U19 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2026 Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup|2026 Zimbabwe & Namibia]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Asia Cup|ACC U19 Asia Cup]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2024 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2024 UAE]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2025 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2025 UAE]]}} |caption=2025 में सूर्यवंशी}} '''वैभव सूर्यवंशी''' (जनम 27 मार्च 2011) एगो भारतीय क्रिकेटर बाड़ें जे [[बिहार क्रिकेट टीम]] खातिर घरेलू क्रिकेट आ [[राजस्थान रॉयल्स]] खातिर [[आईपीएल|इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग]] में खेले लें। बायां हाथ के बल्लेबाज के रूप में ऊ जनवरी 2024 में [[फर्स्ट क्लास क्रिकेट]] में पदार्पण कइलें। ऊ भारतीय लिस्ट ए में डेब्यू करे वाला अबतक के सभसे कम उमिर के आ [[आईपीएल|इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग]]वो में डेब्यू करे वाला सभसे कम उमिर के खेलाड़ी बन गइल बाड़ें।<ref>{{cite web|website=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/cx2lznqkezro|date=25 November 2024|accessdate=25 November 2024|title= Anderson, 42, fails to earn IPL deal but 13-year-old signed}}</ref> == सुरुआती जिनगी == वैभव सूर्यवंशी के जनम 27 मार्च 2011 के ताजपुर में भइल रहे, जवन बिहार के [[समस्तीपुर जिला]] के [[मिथिला क्षेत्र]] में स्थित एगो कस्बा हवे। उनकर बाबूजी संजीव सूर्यवंशी, जे खुद एगो उभरत क्रिकेटर रहलें, उनकर क्रिकेट करियर के आकार देवे में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवले। वैभव अपना होमटाउन में चार साल के उमिर से क्रिकेट के ट्रेनिंग शुरू कइलें। उनकर टैलेंट देख के पिता आठ साल के उमिर में उनका के मनीष ओझा के जेननेक्स्ट क्रिकेट ऐकेडमी में दाखिला दियवलें, जवन [[पटना]] में स्थित बा। ट्रेनिंग खातिर वैभव आ उनकर पिता एक दिन छोड़ के एक दिन लगभग 100 किलोमीटर के दूरी तय क के समस्तीपुर से पटना जाइल करे। उनकर बचपन के कोच ओझा उनका के तेजी से सीखे वाला खिलाड़ी बतावे लें। वैभव वेस्ट इंडीज के महान बल्लेबाज [[ब्रायन लारा]] के फैन बाड़ें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:2011 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:क्रिकेट खेलाड़ी]] e1sah2b88wqjib4syba87cqte0pxsti 0 98555 813897 809209 2026-11-06T12:55:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वीडियो कॉलिंग''' वीडियोटेलीफोनी (जेकरा के '''वीडियो कॉन्फ्रेंसिंग''' या '''वीडियो कॉल''' भी कहल जाला) [[ऑडियो]] आ [[वीडियो]] के इस्तेमाल से एके साथ दू तरफा कम्युनिकेशन (बातचीत) के तरीका ह। आज के समय में वीडियोटेलीफोनी बहुते आम हो गइल बा। एकरे खातिर कई गो शब्द इस्तेमाल होखेलें। ''वीडियोफोन'' ऊ अलग से बनल डिवाइस हवे जवन खास वीडियो कॉलिंग खातिर होला (जइसे [[टेलीफोन]] होला)। अब के जमाना में [[स्मार्टफोन]] आ [[कंप्यूटर]] जइसन डिवाइस में वीडियो कॉलिंग के सुविधा आ चुकल बा, जवना से अलगा से वीडियोफोन के जरूरत घट गइल बा। वीडियो कॉन्फ्रेंसिंग से मतलब बा समूह में बातचीत करे के तरीका। ई तकनीक 'टेलीप्रेजेंस' में भी इस्तेमाल होखेला, जवना के मकसद बा कि दूर-दराज के लोग के अइसन अनुभव होखे मनो सब लोग एके कमरा में बइठल होखसु। वीडियोटेलीफोनी के विचार उन्नीसवीं सदी के आखिरी समय में सोझा आइल, आ 1930 के दशक में ई सार्वजनिक रूप से उपलब्ध हो गइल। शुरुआती दौर में एकरा के डाकघर में बूथ लगाके देखावल गइल आ अलग-अलग अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रदर्शनी में प्रदर्शन कइल गइल। सन् 1970 में AT&T पहिला कामर्शियल व्यक्तिगत वीडियोफोन सिस्टम लॉन्च कइलस। वीडियोफोन के अलावा इमेज फोन भी रहे, जे हर कुछ सेकंड में परंपरागत टेलीफोन लाइन के जरिए स्थिर इमेज सभ के अदला-बदली करत रहे। 1990 के आखिरी दशक में एडवांस वीडियो कोडेक्स, ताकतवर CPU आ तेज इंटरनेट सर्विस के बिकास से डिजिटल वीडियोफोन के मदद से सस्ता, बढ़िया रंगीन वीडियो सेवा दुनिया के लगभग कतहूँ उपलब्ध होखे लागल। वीडियोटेलीफोनी के उपयोग में बहिरा आ बोल-चाल में कठिनाई झेले वाला लोग खातिर सांकेतिक भाषा के ट्रांसमिशन, दूरस्थ शिक्षा, टेलीमेडिसिन आ आवाजाही से जुड़ल दिक्कतन के दूर करे के सुविधा शामिल बा। समाचार मीडिया संस्थान एकरा के प्रसारण खातिर भी इस्तेमाल करत बाड़ें। [[श्रेणी:कम्युनिकेशन]] [[श्रेणी:बीडियो|कालिंग]] {{Telecomm-stub}} be8w7bob400cu37zxgfuuej32hc0nd4 0 99273 814113 803858 2026-11-06T15:49:18Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सत्तिमी''' ({{Langx|sa|सप्तमी}}) हिंदू कलेंडर के अन्हार चाहे अँजोर पाख के सतईं [[तिथि]] ह।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Monier-Williams |first=Sir Monier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzRDAQAAMAAJ&dq=saptami+seventh+day&pg=PA1065 |title=A Sanskṛit-English Dictionary Etymologically and Philologically Arranged: With Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages |date=1872 |publisher=Clarendon Press |pages=1065 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=S. Balachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGXgssv08PgC&dq=saptami+lunar+month&pg=PA65 |title=Indian Astronomy: An Introduction |date=2000 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-81-7371-205-0 |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref> == प्रमुख परब-तिहुआर आ दिवस == * [[सावन]] - अँजोर पाख में "[[तुलसीदास]] जयंती"। * [[भादो]] - अँजोर पाख में "संतानसप्तमी"। ;अउरी दूसर: अगर सत्तिमी के दिने [[अतवार]] होखे - "भानुसप्तमी" (खास क के महाराष्ट्र में) के रूप में मनावल जाला। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{हिंदू तिथि सभ}} [[श्रेणी:ज्योतिष]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू पतरा]] [[श्रेणी:तिथी]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू कलेंडर के तिथी]] {{hinduism-stub}} {{Astronomy-stub}} 6pdwa41kcw5ghj8gf4n4r5suqnq8vy7 0 99320 813912 785586 2026-11-06T12:56:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* कैलेंडर */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वेदांग ज्योतिष''' (Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa), जेकरा के ज्योतिषवेदांग (Jyotiṣavedāṅga) के दुसरका नाँव से जानल जाला, भारत में ज्योतिष विद्या पर रचल गइल सबले पुरान ग्रंथन में से एक हवे। आज एह ग्रंथ क जवन रूप उपलब्ध बाटें, उनहन के करीबन ईसा पूर्व आखिरी सदी सभ में तैयार भइल मानल जाला, बाकी ई परंपरा लगभग 700-600 ईसा पूर्व से आ रहल रहे। ई ग्रंथ भारतीय ज्योतिष के आधारभूत ग्रंथ हवे, आ ज्योतिष के वेदांग के छह शाखन में गिनल जाला। परंपरा अनुसार, एह ग्रंथ के रचयिता के नाम लगध मुनि के मानल जाला। ==ग्रंथ के इतिहास== वेदांग ज्योतिष के तिथि निर्धारण क महत्व एह खातिर बाटे काहें से की एकरा से खुद वेदकाल के ग्रंथन के समय जाने में मदद मिले ला। एह ग्रंथ में लगभग 1400 ईसा पूर्व के शीत अयनांत (winter solstice) के वर्णन मिलेला। एह वर्णन के आधार पर विद्वान लोग वेदांग ज्योतिष के तिथि क पता लगावे के कोसिस कइले बाटे। ए ग्रंथ के दू गो पाठ प्रचलित बाड़ें – ऋग्वेद शाखा आ यजुर्वेद शाखा। दुनु शाखा में एके जइसन श्लोक बाड़ें, बस यजुर्वेद शाखा में आठ गो श्लोक बेसी मिलेलें। टी. के. एस. शास्त्री आ आर. कोच्चर के मते, ई ग्रंथ ओही दौर में लिखाइल जेकर वर्णन एह ग्रंथ में खुद मिलेला; एह हिसाब से अइसन अनुमान लगावल जाला की ई 1370 से 1150 ईसा पूर्व के बीच लिखल गइल होखी। डेविड पिंग्री एह वर्णित अयनांत के 1180 ईसा पूर्व के बतवले, बाकिर ऊ कहेलन कि एह गणना के आधार पर ग्रंथ के सटीक रचना तिथि निश्चय ना कइल जा सकेला। बहुत विद्वान लोग 1400-1200 ईसा पूर्व के अनुमान मानेला, जबकि सुब्बारायप्पा कहेलन कि आज जे ग्रंथ बा ऊ शायद एह रूप में 700-600 ईसा पूर्व में बनल होखी। अइसन तर्क के वजह ई बा की भाषा शैली आ रचना क ढंग बाद के महाकाव्यकाल के जइसन बा आ बाबिलोनी ग्रंथन से मिलत-जुलत तत्व एह में मिलेलें। माइकल विट्ज़ल आ संतानु चक्रवर्ती एकरा के ईसा पूर्व के अंतिम सदी सभ के दौर के रचल मानेलन। ==कैलेंडर== वेदांग ज्योतिष में बतावल कैलेंडर, सूर्य आ चंद्रमा के औसत गति पर आधारित बा, हालाँकि, इनहन के सटीक गति के वर्णन एह ग्रंथ में ना मिलेला। ई कैलेंडर 5 बरिस के चक्र के आधार बनावे ला जेकरा के 'युग' के नाँव से जानल जाला। युग के सुरुआत [[माघ]] मास के पहिला दिन होखे ला, जब सूरज आ चांद धनिष्ठा नक्षत्र (बीटा डेल्फिनी) में होखे लें आ ठीक एही समय शीत अयनांत (जेकरा आज्काल्ह मकर संक्रांति भा खिचड़ी के रूप में मनावल जाला) के दिन अमौसा के तिथियो पड़े ले। जब इ कलेंडर लागू भइल होखी तब ई गणना एकदम सटीक रहल होखी - मौनी अमौसा आ खिचड़ी दुनों युग के पहिला दिने एक्के साथे पड़त रहल होखिहें। एक युग में 62 महीना होखेलें, जिनहना में 2 गो अधिक मास होखे लें – तिसरका आ पाँचवें बरिस में क्रम से सावन के अंत में आ साल के अंत में (पूस भा माघ में) अधिका महीना जोड़ल जालें। तिथि के परिभाषा चंद्र-मास के 1/30 हिस्सा के रूप में कइल गइल बाटे। हर दिन के एगो तिथि असाइन कइल जाला; अब अगर पूरा युग में कुल दिन (24 घंटा इ दिन-आ रात) के गिनती के तुलना में कुल तिथी सभ के गिनती से बेसी होखेला, हर 61 दिन पर एगो तिथि छोड़ल जाला (एही के क्षय तिथि कहल जाला)। हर दिन के चांद के नक्षत्रो (जहिया चाँद जवना नक्षत्र के सोझा होखे) से जोड़ल जाला। नक्षत्रवनों के अवधि एक पूरा दिन से छोट होखला से हर 3,279 दिन पर एगो फाजिल नक्षत्र जोड़ल जाला। साल के महीना सभ के नांव: माघ, फागुन, चैत, बैसाख, जेठ, आषाढ़, (जरूरत पर सावन अधिक), सावन, भादों, असिन, कार्तिक, अगहन, पूस, (जरूरत पर पूस या माघ अधिक)। ई कैलेंडर अमांत पद्धति पऽ चलेला – महीना अमावस्या (अमौसा) पर खतम होखेला आ शुक्ल पक्ष (अँजोर) के प्रतिपदा (एक्कम तिथि) के शुरू होखेला। ==प्रमुख संस्करण== * यजुस शाखा आ ऋक भेद वाला संस्करण पर सोमाकर शेषनाग के टिप्पणी – सम्पादक: अल्ब्रेख्ट वेबर (Berlin, 1862) * यजुस शाखा आ ऋक शाखा के गैर-यजुस श्लोक – सम्पादक: जी. थिबौट, Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal, 1877 * हिंदी अनुवाद: गिरिजा शंकर शास्त्री, ज्योतिष कर्मकाण्ड और अध्यात्म शोध संस्थान, दारागंज, इलाहाबाद। * संस्कृत व्याख्या आ हिंदी अनुवाद सहित: वेदांगज्योतिषम्: यजुर्वेदिनां परंपरायागतं – लगध, आचार्य शिवराज कौण्डिन्यायन आदि द्वारा सम्पादित। ई ग्रंथ वेदकालीन समय के ज्योतिष आ पंचांग पर गहिर झाँकी देला आ भारतीय खगोलशास्त्र के प्राचीन विकास के झलक देला। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:ज्योतिष]] irmepm31hrov133j0tkmisgzbknbvcc 0 99576 813869 786450 2026-11-06T12:52:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = विनोद कुमार शुक्ल | image = Vinod-kumar-shukla-aankh-band-kar-lene-se 1650620989.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1937|1|1}} | birth_place = [[राजनंदगाँव]], [[छत्तीसगढ़]], भारत | occupation = कवी, उपन्यासकार, कहानीकार | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | nationality = भारतीय | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | notableworks = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] (1999) * [[पेन/नाबकोव पुरस्कार]] (2023) * [[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] (2024) }} | signature = | years_active = | website = }} '''विनोद कुमार शुक्ल''' (ज. 1 जनवरी 1937) आधुनिक [[हिंदी साहित्य]] के लेखक हउवन, जिनकर लेखन–शैली कई बेर मैजिक–रियलिज्म के बारी छूअत बा। उनकर प्रमुख रचनन में ''नौकर की कमीज'' (जेकरे पर मणि कौल द्वारा इहे नाम से फिलिम बनावल गइल) आ ''दीवार में एक खिड़की रहती थी'' शामिल बा। आखिरी किताब के 1999 में हिंदी के सर्वश्रेष्ठ कृति खातिर [[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] मिलल।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-23 |title=‘A storyteller of hope & light’: Vinod Kumar Shukla wins Jnanpith award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/a-storyteller-of-hope-light-vinod-kumar-shukla-wins-jnanpith-award-9900773/ |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> एही उपन्यास पर रंगमंच निर्देशक मोहन महारिशि रंग–नाटक (stage play) भी बनवलें।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-15 |title=Prominent Hindi writer Vinod Kumar Shukla fights for royalty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/prominent-hindi-writer-vinod-kumar-shukla-fights-for-royalty/articleshow/90223526.cms |access-date=2025-05-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> 2023 में विनोद कुमार शुक्ल [[पेन/नाबकोव पुरस्कार]] (PEN/Nabokov Award for Achievement in International Literature) पावे वाला पहिला भारतीय लेखक बनलें।<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hindi-writer-vinod-kumar-shukla-wins-us-literary-award/articleshow/98322159.cms</ref><ref>https://www.jagran.com/news/national-vinod-kumar-shukla-honored-with-prestigious-gyanpeeth-award-23904222.html</ref> 2024 खातिर ऊ [[ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार]] पावे वाला पहिला छत्तीसगढ़ी लेखक बनलें।<ref name="w564">{{cite web |title=विनोद कुमार शुक्ल ने बीबीसी को दिए इंटरव्यू में बताया था कैसे लेखक बने |website=BBC News हिंदी |date=22 March 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/cgj5eqexpq7o |language=hi |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के कहानीकार]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के उपन्यासकार]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के कवि]] [[श्रेणी:1937 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{Poet-stub}} {{Writer-stub}} bema4c9j8yjhgaw2u5prg7njo4a3fg9 0 99971 814101 787539 2026-11-06T15:04:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Petunie.jpg|thumb|right|250px|सजावटी पौधा [[पेटूनिया]]]] '''सजावटी पौधा''' ({{Langx|en|ornamental plants}}; ''ऑर्नामेंटल प्लांट्स'') या ''गार्डन प्लांट'' ओह [[पौधा]] सभ के कहल जाला, जिनहन के लोग ज़्यादातर सुंदरता खातिर लगावे-उगावे ला। कई बेर ई पौधा खुशबू आ रंग खातिर लगावल जालें जबकि कई बेर ई एहू बदे लगावल जालें कि इनहन से जगह (स्पेस) के खास इस्टाइल दिहल जा सके। अक्सरहा [[फूलदार पौधा|फूल वाला पौधा]] आ बगइचा में लगावे वाला पौधा सभ स्पेशल ब्रीड कइल कल्टीवर (cultivars), मने कि मूल प्रजाति से बिकसित कइल किसिम होखेलन, जवन असली प्रजाति से बढ़ियाँ रंग, आकार, खुशबू आ टिकाऊ फूल देले। बाकिर वैज्ञानिक बोटनी में “ऑर्नामेंटल प्लांट” अइसन कोई अलग कॅटेगरी नइखे। काहे कि कई बगइचा वाला पौधवो ओरिजिनले होखेला, ब्रीडिंग से बदलल ना होखे। बगइचा में ऊँचाई, प्राइवेसी आ खूबसूरती देवे वाला बहुत बढ़िया ऑर्नामेंटल पौधा लगावल जालें। एमें कई बारहोमासी (perennial) पौधा होखेलन, जवन बीया से अपने-आप बढ़ सकेला। ऑर्नामेंटल घास (ornamental grasses) के खास बात ई बा कि ई बहुते काम मेहनत माँगे ले आ बहुत तरह में इस्तेमाल हो सकेला। लगभग हर तरह के पौधा के ऑर्नामेंटल रूप मिल जाला — पेड़, झाड़ी, बेल, घास, सक्यूलेंट, पानी वाला पौधा, बारहोमासी, आ एनुअल पौधा। वैज्ञानिक तौर पर छोड़ दीं त कई गैर-बोटैनिकल कॅटेगरी भी चलन में बा: जईसे कि हाउसप्लांट, बेडिंग प्लांट, हेज, कट-फ्लावर वाला पौधा, आ फोलिएज प्लांट वगैरह। ऑर्नामेंटल पौधा उगावे के काम फ्लोरीकल्चर (floriculture) आ ट्री नर्सरी में आवेला, जवन होर्टिकल्चर बिधा के हिस्सा हवे। बगइचा में ऑर्नामेंटल पौधा लगावल जाताला ताकि लोग खूबसूरती देख सके — फूल, पत्ती, खुशबू, पूरा फोलिएज के टेक्सचर, फल, डंठल, छाल आ पूरा पौधा के आकार के सुघराई के आधार प इनहन के बीछल जाला। कई बेर अजब-गजब चीजवो लोगन खातिर अजगुत आ आकर्षण के चीज बन जाले — जइसे [[रोसा सेरीसिया]] (Rosa sericea) भा [[कैक्टस]] पर लागल बड़ काँट, जे लोगन के खास पसन पड़े लें। एहके अलावा, ऑर्नामेंटल पौधा जैव-विविधता आ अर्थव्यवस्था दुनो के सहारा देला। फूल पर मक्खी, तितली, आ दूसर पराग बटोरइया कीड़ा–पतंगा आवेला। ई सभ परागन के जरूरी काम करे ला, जे पूरा इकोसिस्टम खातिर बहुते महत्त्वपूर्ण बा। फ्लोरीकल्चर इंडस्ट्री (floriculture industry), जवन ऑर्नामेंटल पौधा उगाके बेचे ला, दुनियाभर में लाखों किसान आ मजूर के रोज़गार देला। एहसे बहुत लोगन के कमाई आ गुजारा चले ला। [[श्रेणी:सजावटी पौधा| ]] {{Plant-stub}} tjopis754770pcm1gauemtjpqhpsfw3 0 100124 814015 804147 2026-11-06T13:03:45Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = सादी शीराज़ी | image = Saadi by Hossein Behzad (1894–1968) (Inverted).jpg | imagesize = | caption = हुसैन बहजाद द्वारा शेख सादी के कल्पित चित्रण | birth_name = | birth_date = 1209/10 | birth_place = [[शीराज़]], [[Fars province|Fars]], [[Salghurids|Salghurid kingdom]] | death_date = 1291/92 | death_place = शीराज़, फ़ारस, [[Ilkhanate]] | resting_place = | occupation = कबी | language = {{cslist|[[फ़ारसी भाषा|फ़ारसी]]|[[अरबी]]}} | notableworks = {{transliteration|fa|[[Bustan (book)|Bustan]]}}<br>{{transliteration|fa|[[Gulistan (book)|Gulistan]]}} | children = }} '''सादी शिराज़ी'''{{efn|'''Abu Mohammad Moshrefoldin Mosleh ebn Abdollah ebn Mosharraf''',{{efn|{{langx|fa|ابومحمّد مصلح‌الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی|''Abū Muhammad Muslihuddīn bin Abdullâh Šêrâzī''}}}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=el83fRv4GakC&q=Saadi+Shirazi&pg=PA75|title=The City|via=Google Books|isbn=9780761430896|access-date=2012-08-13|last=Hinds|first=Kathryn|year=2008|publisher=Marshall Cavendish }}</ref> better known by his [[pen name]] '''Saadi''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɑː|d|i}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Saadi |title=Saadi |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> {{langx|fa|سعدی|{{audio|Fa-ir-saadi_(1).ogg|Saʿdī|help=no}}}} }}}}(1210–1291) जे '''शेख़ सादी''' के नांव से परसिद्ध हवें, [[ईरान]] के मशहूर कवि आ गद्य–लेखक रहलें। ऊ इस्लामिक गोल्डन एज (सोनाहरीं जुग) के आखिरी दौर आ शुरुआती इलखानी काल के प्रमुख साहित्यकार मानल जालें। सादी अपना लेखन के गुणवत्ता, भाषा के नज़ाकत, आ समाज–नैतिकता पर गहिर सोच खातिर दुनिया भर में सम्मानित बाड़ें। सादी के [[फ़ारसी साहित्य]] के क्लासिकल परंपरा के सबसे महान कवियन में गिनल जाला। एह कारणे उनकर उपाधि “उसताद-ए-सुख़न” ({{nq|استاد سخن}} — बोली/भाषा के उस्ताद) आ “उसताद” ({{nq|استاد}} — उस्ताद) पड़ल। पश्चिमी साहित्य परंपरा में भी उनका कोट कइल जाला। उनका किताब ''बूस्तान'' ({{Nastaliq|بوستان}}) के The Guardian दुनिया के “सबसे बेहतरीन 100 किताब” में जगह दिहलस। उनकर एगो अउरी महत्वपूर्ण ग्रंथ “गुलिस्ताँ” (Golestan) फ़ारसी साहित्य के रत्न मानल जाला। == नोट == {{notelist}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:फ़ारसी-भाषा के कबी]] [[श्रेणी:ईरानी लोग]] {{Poet-stub}} bwtfcbyfvuzzm4q98q2hiwibj9b5z8c 0 100125 814012 788100 2026-11-06T13:03:31Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[उर्दू शायरी]] में '''शे‘र''' ({{Langx|ur|{{nq|شعر}}}}) कबिता के सबसे छोट आ सोतंत्र इकाई मानल जाला; कई ठे अश'आर एक संघे मिल के [[ग़ज़ल]] बनावे लें। ई दू गो लाइन से बनल एक एतना मजबूत काब्य रचना होला कि कम शब्द में गहिर भाव, विचार आ कलात्मकता के पूरा रूप दे देला। शे‘र [[ग़ज़ल]] के हिस्सा जरूर होला, बाकिर हर शे‘र अपना भीतर एगो पूरा, सोतंत्र मतलब रखेला, जेकरा चलते कि ऊ अपना बल पर कहीं भी सुनावल जा सकेला। एक शे‘र दू गो [[मिसरा]] से बनेला। पहिले लाइन के ''मिसरा-ए-ऊला'' आ दुसरका के ''मिसरा-ए-सानी'' कहल जाला। दू गो मिसरा में जे तुक, लय आ [[बह्र]] ([[छंद]] के नियम) के मेल होला, ओसे शे‘र के काव्य-धुन बन जाला। उर्दू शायरी में बह्र के बड़ा महत्त्व बा, काहें कि अगर मिसरा बह्र में ठीक से ना बइठी, त पूरा शे‘र के असर कमजोर पड़ जाला। शे‘र के एक खास बात ई बा कि ई छोट होखे के बावजूद मानवीय अनुभव, प्रेम, पीड़ा, समाज आ दर्शन तक के गहिर बात कह सकेला। कई बेर अइसन होला कि लोग पूरा ग़ज़ल ना याद रखे ला, बाकिर एक बढ़िया शे‘र मन में बसल रहल जाला। एह से शे‘र श्रोतागण आ पाठक पर तगड़ा असर डाले ला। उर्दू परंपरा में शे‘र सिर्फ भाव व्यक्त करे के साधन ना, बलुक भाषा के नज़ाकत, अलंकार, प्रतीक, रूपक आ सांस्कृतिक संकेत के नाजुक मेल भी ह। शायर अक्सर अइसन शब्दन या प्रतीकन के इस्तेमाल करेले जवन समाज में जानल चलेला, ताकि बस दू पंक्ति में ही असर गहिर बन पावे। एह से शे‘र भाषा के सुंदरता के साथ-साथ पाठक के भाव-भंगिमा पर भी सीधा असर छोड़ेला। [[श्रेणी:उर्दू शायरी]] {{Poetry-stub}} 7ff3080mz095h0j2cpu3ponfn2vu8ym 0 100146 813772 788237 2026-11-06T12:10:08Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Walt Whitman | image = Walt Whitman - George Collins Cox.jpg | caption = Whitman in 1887 | birth_name = Walter Whitman Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date|1819|5|31}} | birth_place = [[Huntington, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1892|3|26|1819|5|31}} | death_place = [[Camden, New Jersey]], U.S. | burial_place = [[Harleigh Cemetery, Camden]], New Jersey, U.S. | signature = Walt Whitman signature.svg | occupation = {{hlist|Poet|essayist|journalist}} }} '''वॉल्टर व्हिटमैन जूनियर''' (31 मई 1819 — 26 मार्च 1892) अमेरिका के कबी, निबंधकार आ पत्रकार रहलें; उनकर लिखल दू गो उपन्यासो बाड़ें। ऊ अमेरिकी आ विश्व साहित्य के सबसे प्रभावशाली कवियन में गिनल जालें। व्हिटमैन आपन लिखाई में ट्रांससेंडेंटलिज़्म आ रियलिज़्म दूनो के मेल बइठवलें, आ एही कारण से उ “फ्री वर्स के जनक” कहल जालें। उनकर 1855 में प्रकाशित भइल कविता-संग्रह ''[[लीव्ज ऑफ ग्रास]]'' खुल्ला तरीका से देह-भावना के जिकिर करे के चलते अपना समय में विवादास्पद मानल गइल। व्हिटमैन के जनम [[लांग आइलैंड]] के हंटिंगटन में भइल आ बचपन से लेके करियर के बड़का हिस्सा ऊ [[ब्रुकलिन]] में बितवलें। 11 बरिस के उमिर में ऊ औपचारिक पढ़ाई छोड़ के काम करे लगलें। पत्रकार, शिक्षक आ सरकारी क्लर्क के रूप में काम कइलें। उनकर प्रमुख कविता-पुस्तक ''लीव्स ऑफ ग्रास'' पहिलका बार 1855 में उनकर खुद के पइसा से छपल आ धीरे-धीरे प्रसिद्ध हो गइल। ई रचना आम आदमी तक पहुँचे वाला “अमेरिकी महाकाव्य” बनावे के कोशिश रहे। मौत तक व्हिटमैन लगातार एह किताब में जोड़-घटाव करत रहलें। [[अमेरिकी सिविल वार]] के दौरान व्हिटमैन [[वाशिंगटन डी.सी.]] गइलें, आ उहवाँ अस्पतालन में घायल सिपाही सभ के सेवा कइल करें। उनकर कविता में अक्सर बिछोह आ उपचार (हीलिंग) दूनो भाव एक साथ मिलेला। ऊ राष्ट्रपति [[अब्राहम लिंकन]] के बहुत मानें, आ लिंकन के हत्या पर कई कविता लिखलें — जइसे “[[ओ कैप्टन! माय कैप्टन!]]” आ “व्हेन लिसास लास्ट इन द डोरयार्ड ब्लूम्ड” — आ बाद में लिंकन पर व्याख्यान भी दिहलें। अपना जिनगी के के आखिरी समय स्ट्रोक पड़ला के बाद व्हिटमैन कैमन, न्यू जर्सी में आ बसलें, जहंवा तबियत अउरी बिगड़त गइल। 72 बरिस के उमिर में उनकर निधन भइल, आ उनकर अंतिम यात्रा सार्वजनिक रूप से भइल। व्हिटमैन के प्रभाव आजो कविता पर गहिरा बा। कला-इतिहासकार मैरी बेरेंसन लिखेली: “अमेरिका के सचमुच समझल मुश्किल बा अगर रउआ व्हिटमैन आ लीव्स ऑफ ग्रास ना पढ़नी।” आधुनिकतावादी कवि [[एजरा पाउंड]] उनकरा के “अमेरिका के कवि… वही अमेरिका हउवे” कहले। पॉयट्री फाउंडेशन के हिसाब से व्हिटमैन “अमेरिका के विश्व-कवि — होमर, वर्जिल, दांते आ [[शेक्सपियर]] के बाद वाला उत्तराधिकारी” मानल जालें। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के कवि]] {{Poet-stub}} 6sib9unlyirg8uccfnzpx8jvw45xg03 0 100166 814187 789938 2026-11-06T15:56:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seguridadenso.jpg|thumb|कंप्यूटर सिक्योरिटी आ डेटा प्रोटेक्शन के चीन्हा के रूप में ग्राफिक विजुअलाईजेशन]] '''साइबर सिक्योरिटी''' ({{Langx|en|Cyber security}}) चाहे '''साइबरसिक्योरिटी''' ({{Langx|en|Cybersecurity}}) अइसन तरीका सभ के इस्तेमाल ह जे [[कंप्यूटर|कंप्यूटर सिस्टम]], नेटवर्क आ डेटा के डिजिटल हमला भा [[साइबर हमला]] से बचावेला। ई पूरा सोच सी-आई-ए ट्रायड (सीआइए के सुझावल तीन बिंदु) पर टिकल बा: ''काॅन्फिडेन्शियलिटी'' — जानकारी पर पहुँच सिर्फ ओही लोग खातिर होखे, जेकरा के इजाजत बा; ''इंटीग्रिटी'' — डेटा सही-सलामत रहे, आ बिना वजह बदले ना; आ ''अवेलेबिलिटी'' — सिस्टम ओह बखत उपलब्ध रहे, जब जरूरत होखे। असल में साइबर सुरक्षा खातिर कई हिस्सा पर परत-दर-परत डिफेन्स के गहिराई वाला तरीका अपनावल जरूरी होला: ;नेटवर्क सिक्योरिटी: [[फायरवॉल]], वी-पी-एन, आ इंट्रूज़न डिटेक्शन सिस्टम (आई-डी-एस) जइसन तरीका से भीतरी नेटवर्क के बाहर वाला घुसपैठिया से बचाव कइलल। ;क्लाउड सिक्योरिटी: ओह डेटा आ एप्लिकेशन के सुरक्षित राखल, जे ए.डब्ल्यू.एस., एज़्योर, आ गूगल क्लाउड जइसन प्लेटफ़ॉर्म पर चलत होखे। ;एंडपॉइंट सिक्योरिटी ([[कंप्यूटर सिक्योरिटी]]): [[लैपटाप|लैपटॉप]], [[स्मार्टफोन]], आ आई-ओ-टी डिवाइस वगैरह जइसन नेटवर्क में घुसत जगह के एंटीवायरस आ ई-डी-आर (एंडपॉइंट डिटेक्शन एंड रिस्पॉन्स) से सुरक्षित रखल। ;एप्लिकेशन सिक्योरिटी: सुरक्षित कोडिंग तरीका आ वेब एप्लिकेशन फायरवॉल (डब्ल्यू-ए-एफ) के इस्तेमाल से सॉफ्टवेयर में खतरा घुसे से रोकल। ;आइडेंटिटी आ एक्सेस मैनेजमेंट (आई-ए-एम): कवन चीज पर कवन आदमी पहुँच पाई, एहके नियंत्रण मल्टी-फैक्टर ऑथेन्टिकेशन (एम-एफ-ए) आ लीस्ट प्रिविलेज के सिद्धांत से कइल जाला। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[साइबर हमला]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट टर्मावली]] [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर सिक्योरिटी]] [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर टर्मावली]] {{Internet-stub}} 4wc6hcbdby1cwktuz871mmqtqtoghgj 0 100200 814122 804017 2026-11-06T15:49:57Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Sanam Marvi<br>صنم ماروی | image = File:Sanam Marvi.jpg | birth_name = सनम मारवी صنم ماروي | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1986|4|17}} | origin = [[हैदराबाद, सिंध]], [[पाकिस्तान]] | genre = [[सूफी संगीत]], [[लोक संगीत]]<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=TH/> | occupations = सिंगर | instruments = गायकी | years_active = 2009&nbsp;से&ndash;अबतक | label = Sagarika<br/>[[कोक स्टूडियो (पाकिस्तान)]]<br/>Virsa Heritage Revived on PTV<br/>[[Pakistan Television Corporation]] | module2=Honors: [[तमग़ा-ए-इम्तियाज़]] (Medal of Distinction), पाकिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति द्वारा, 2020 में | honorific_suffix = लतीफ़ अवार्ड }} '''सनम मारवी''' ({{langx|sd|{{Nastaliq|صنم ماروی}}}}) (जनम: 17 अप्रैल 1986) [[पाकिस्तान|पाकिस्तानी]] लोक गीत सिंगर आ सूफी सिंगर हई। ऊ [[सिंधी भाषा|सिंधी]], [[पंजाबी भाषा|पंजाबी]] आ [[बलोची भाषा]] में गावे ली।<ref name=Dawn>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1030841 'First person: Sanam's Sufi calling', Dawn (newspaper)] Published 21 July 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018</ref> == सुरुआती जिनगी आ कैरियर == सनम मारवी के बचपन कठिनाई आ गरीबी में बीतल।<ref name=PEERZADA>{{cite interview|title=Speak Your Heart With Samina Peerzada |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4G5cadC-tA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/j4G5cadC-tA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live}}</ref> मारवी सात बरिस के उमिर से संगीत सीखे शुरू कइलें। ऊ सिंधी परिवार से हई। उनकर बाबूजी फकीर खान मोहम्मद सिंधी लोक–संगीत गवैया आ हारमोनियम बजावे वाला रहलें, आ उहे खुद दू साल ले मारवी के शास्त्रीय संगीत सिखवलें। एकरे बाद ऊ सिंध के नुसरत फ़तेह अली खान से [[ग्वालियर घराना]] के परम्परा में [[भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत|शास्त्रीय गवनई]] आ [[राग]] सीखली। ऊ इहो कहेली कि ऊ लोक–गायिका [[आबिदा परवीन]] से बहुत कुछ सीखले बाड़ी। सनम मारवी 2004 आ 2005 में रफ़ी पीर थिएटर में प्रस्तुति देहली। सनम मारवी सबसे पहिले 2009 में ‘वीरसा हेरिटेज’ कार्यक्रम के जरिये सोझा अइली। ई एगो संगीत कार्यक्रम रहे, जे पाकिस्तान टेलीविज़न कॉरपोरेशन पर चलत रहे, आ जेकर होस्ट यूसुफ सलाउद्दीन रहलें। सनम मारवी स्नेह से कहेली कि सलाउद्दीन उनुका खातिर “बाबा जइसन” रहलें—काहेकि उन्हीं सनम के पाकिस्तानी मनोरंजन उद्योग में पहिला बड़का मौका दिहलें। एकरा बाद सनम मारवी [[कोक स्टूडियो पाकिस्तान]] में लाइव प्रस्तुति देहली।<ref name=Dawn /> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी सिंगर]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1986 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:सिंधी लोग]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी लोग]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी मुसलमान]] {{Singer-stub}} j5fjymlzs7vb624g4qvwe9c8npdosyr 0 100216 814066 788652 2026-11-06T13:44:12Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814066 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संसाधन क्षय''' भा '''रिसोर्स डिप्लीशन''' ({{Langx|en|resource depletion}}) तब होखेला जब कवनो [[प्राकृतिक संसाधन]], ओकरा दोबारा बन के तैयार होखे से बेसी तेजी में इस्तेमाल कइल जाय। [[संसाधन]] के कीमत एह बात पर निर्भर करे ला कि ऊ [[प्रकृति]] में कतना उपलब्ध बा आ निकाले में कतना खर्चा लागेला; सप्लाई–डिमांड के हिसाब से जेतना चीज दुर्लभ होखेला, उहे जादे कीमती बन जाला। रिसोर्स डिप्लीशन कई रूप में देखे के मिलेला—जइसे [[वेटलैंड]] आ [[इकोसिस्टम]] के बिगड़ल, मिट्टी कटान, भूजल (एक्विफर) घटल, आ मछरी के जरूरत से जादे पकड़ लीहल; जंगली जीव के संख्या तेजी से घटेला त ओहके ''डिफॉनैशन'' कहल जाला। आज खपत के जे गति बा, ओह हिसाब से भविष्य में मानव समाज पर का असर पड़ी आ कवन–कवन संसाधन कब पूरा खत्म हो सकेला—एह पर अभी तक रिसर्च आ बहस दुनु चल रहल बा। {{clear}} {{पर्यावरण}} [[श्रेणी:पृथिवी]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यावरण]] [[श्रेणी:संसाधन|क्षय]] [[श्रेणी:प्राकृतिक संसाधन]] {{Geography-stub}} ifc04dm9pemxw35bkw1ns98kc7ojjjq 0 100253 814188 789092 2026-11-06T15:56:54Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साइबर हथियार''' चाहे '''साइबर वेपन''' ({{Langx|en|Cyberweapon}}), '''साइबरवेपन्स''' आमतौर प अइसन [[मालवेयर]] एजेंट सभ के कहल जाला, जे [[साइबरअटैक]] में सैन्य, अर्धसैन्य, या इंटेलिजेंस से जुड़ल मकसद खातिर इस्तेमाल होखे। एहमें [[कंप्यूटर वायरस]], [[ट्रोजन]], [[स्पाइवेयर]], आ [[कंप्यूटर वॉर्म]] जइसन चीज शामिल होखे ला, जे मौजूदा [[सॉफ्टवेयर]] में खतरनाक कोड डाल सकेली, आ कंप्यूटर से अइसन काम करवा सके लें जे ओकरे ऑपरेटर के मनसा में ना रहल होखे। [[श्रेणी:साइबरक्राइम]] {{Comp-sci-stub}} 3f1g1hcecg3rjbf7vm1tghc0mmec0tp 0 100293 814182 789254 2026-11-06T15:56:33Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|भारत के संसदीय बेवस्था के सांसद लोग|जनरल आ दुनिया भर के कॉन्सेप्ट|मेंबर ऑफ पार्लियामेंट}} भारत में '''सांसद''' (Member of Parliament; MP) ओह व्यक्ति के कहल जाला, जे [[भारतीय संसद]] में सेवा देला। एह में नीचे दिहल सदस्य शामिल रहेला: * [[राज्यसभा के सांसद]] (Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha): ई भारत के राज्यन के प्रतिनिधि होखेलन, जे [[राज्यसभा]] — मतलब संसद के ऊपरी सदन — में रहेलन। * [[लोकसभा के सांसद]] (Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha): ई भारत के नागरिकन के प्रतिनिधि होखेलन, जे [[लोकसभा]] — मतलब संसद के निचला सदन — में रहेलन। [[श्रेणी:भारतीय राजनीति]] qot29tbmumo0m7eo9ef91u60zcwcjle 0 100461 814237 789935 2026-11-06T16:05:23Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{फॉर|जनरल कॉन्सेप्ट|हैकर}} '''सिक्योरिटी हैकर''' भा '''सिक्योरिटी रिसर्चर''' ऊ व्यक्ति होला, जे [[कंप्यूटर सिस्टम]] चाहे [[नेटवर्क सिक्योरिटी|नेटवर्क के सुरक्षा]] के तूरे भा बायपास करे के तरीका खोजेला, आ एकरा खातिर ओह सिस्टम भा सिक्योरिटी में मौजूद कमजोरी के इस्तेमाल करेला।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gao|first=Xing|date=2015|title=Information security investment for competitive firms with hacker behavior and security requirements|journal=Annals of Operations Research|volume= 235|pages=277–300|doi=10.1007/s10479-015-1925-2|s2cid=207085416}}</ref> '''[[हैकर]]''' लोग अलग-अलग कारण से काम कर सकेला—जइसे मुनाफा कमावे, विरोध जतावे, नुकसान पहुँचावे, जानकारी जुटावे,<ref>Winkler, Ira. ''Spies Among Us: How to Stop the Spies, Terrorists, Hackers, and Criminals You Don't Even Know You Encounter Every Day.'' John Wiley & Sons. 2005. pg. 92. {{ISBN|9780764589904}}.</ref> चुनौती (चैलेंज) खातिर, मनोरंजन खातिर, या फिर अच्छा नीयत से सिस्टम के कमजोरी समझ के ओकरा के मजबूत बनावे खातिर। “हैकर” शब्द के मतलब पर काफी समय से बहस चलत आइल बा। एह बहस में कुछ कंप्यूटर प्रोग्रामर कहेलन कि “हैकर” के मतलब बस अइसन व्यक्ति हवे, जवन कंप्यूटर आ नेटवर्क के गहराई से समझ रखेला।<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jargon-file.org/archive/jargon-1.5.0.dos.txt|title= The Hacker's Dictionary|access-date= 23 May 2013|archive-date= November 8, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201108161626/http://jargon-file.org/archive/jargon-1.5.0.dos.txt|url-status= live}}</ref> ओह लोग के अनुसार, जवन लोग कंप्यूटर में घुसपैठ करेला, ओकरा खातिर "क्रैकर" (“cracker”) शब्द जादे सही बा—चाहे ऊ अपराधी होखे (ब्लैक हैट) या सिक्योरिटी एक्सपर्ट (ह्वाइट हैट)।<ref>[http://stallman.org/archives/2012-sep-dec.html#06_December_2012_%28Ecuadorian_white_hat_cracker_freed%29 Political notes from 2012: September–December] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209013904/http://www.stallman.org/archives/2012-sep-dec.html#06_December_2012_%28Ecuadorian_white_hat_cracker_freed%29 |date=December 9, 2012 }}. ''stallman.org''.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://catb.org/jargon/html/C/cracker.html |title= Jargon File: Cracker |first= Eric S. |last= Raymond |quote= Coined ca. 1985 by hackers in defense against journalistic misuse of hacker. |access-date= May 8, 2010 |archive-date= June 29, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629135311/http://catb.org/jargon/html/C/cracker.html |url-status= live }}</ref> 2014 के एगो लेख में बतावल गइल कि आम जनता के बीच “हैकर” के मतलब आजो ज्यादातर नकारात्मक (ब्लैक हैट) रूप में समझल जाला।<ref>{{cite magazine | last1= Yagoda | first1= Ben | title= A Short History of 'Hack' | url= http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/a-short-history-of-hack | magazine= The New Yorker | date= 6 March 2014 | access-date= 21 June 2019 | quote= Although Lifehacker and other neutral or positive applications of the word [hack] are increasingly prominent, the black-hat meaning still prevails among the general public. | archive-date= November 10, 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151110004249/http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/a-short-history-of-hack | url-status= live }}</ref> हैकर लोग के चारों ओर बनल कल्चर भा उप-संस्कृति के अक्सर “कंप्यूटर अंडरग्राउंड” कहल जाला।<ref name="s635">{{cite web | last=Meyer | first=Gordon R. | title=The social organization of the computer underground | website=Huskie Commons | date=11 March 2022 | url=https://huskiecommons.lib.niu.edu/allgraduate-thesesdissertations/6302/ | access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> == इहो देखल जाय == * [[हैकर]] * [[हैकिंग कल्चर]] * [[कंप्यूटर सिक्योरिटी]] * [[नेटवर्क सिक्योरिटी]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर टर्मावली]] [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर सिक्योरिटी]] [[श्रेणी:इंटरनेट टर्मावली]] {{Computer-stub}} {{internet-stub}} jfugz3r9v32spg4bexq3aq9adv3uo7c 0 100646 813947 790858 2026-11-06T12:58:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dakshayani.jpg|right|240px|thumb|दाक्षायनी (सती) के मुर्दा देह के ले के बउँड़ियात शिव।]] '''शक्तिपीठ''', '''शाक्त पीठ''' चाहे '''सती पीठ''' (संस्कृत: शाक्त पीठ, मतलब—देवी सती के आसन), हिंदू धर्म के '''[[शाक्त संप्रदाय|शाक्त परंपरा]]''' में सभसे महत्त्व वाला तीर्थ आ पूजा स्थान हवें।<ref name="Fuller2004">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC&pg=PA44|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|last=Fuller, Christopher John|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-691-12048-5|location=Princeton|page=44|access-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215180315/https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC&pg=PA44|archive-date=2017-02-15}}</ref>), ई शक्तवाद में सभसे बेसी महत्त्व वाला मंदिर अउरी तीर्थयात्रा स्थल हवें, जे [[हिंदू धर्म]] में देवी-मत के संप्रदाय (पंथ) बाटे। ई मंदिर आदि शक्ति के विभिन्न रूपन के समर्पित हवें।{{Efn|जिनका के [[शक्ति]] चाहे [[दुर्गा]] के रूप में जानल जाला।}} ई सगरी मंदिर '''[[आदि पराशक्ति|आदि शक्ति]]''' के अलग-अलग रूपन के समर्पित हवें। अलग-अलग पुराण—जइसे '''देवी भागवत''' चाहे अउरी कई पुराणन — में शाक्त पीठन के गिनती अलग-अलग बतावल गइल बा, जइसे '''51''', '''52''', '''64''' आ '''108'''।<ref name="Vanamali2008p143" /><ref name="Chakrabarti430">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA430|title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis|last=Kunal Chakrabarti|last2=Shubhra Chakrabarti|publisher=Scarecrow|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5|page=430|access-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215172849/https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA430|archive-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> एहमें से '''18''' पीठ के '''अष्टादश महा (मुख्य)''' कहल जाला, आ '''4''' पीठ के '''चतस्रः आदि (पहिला/प्रारंभिक)''' नाम से जानल जाला, जिनहन के जिकिर मध्यकालीन हिंदू ग्रंथन में मिले ला।<ref name="Vanamali2008p143">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5Ju3nWR52UC|title=Shakti: Realm of the Divine Mother|last=Vanamali|publisher=Inner Traditions|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59477-785-1|pages=83–84, 143–144|access-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429232539/https://books.google.com/books?id=N5Ju3nWR52UC|archive-date=2016-04-29}}</ref> शक्तिपीठन के उत्पत्ती के बारे में कई तरह के कथा प्रचलित बाड़ी स। सबसे प्रसिद्ध कथा '''सती''' के मुअले से जुड़ल बा। हिंदू मान्यता के हिसाब से, जब सती के देह त्याग भइल, त '''शिव''' उनका देह के उठवलें, आ उनकर साथ बितावल समय के याद करत-करत ब्यथित हो के मय ब्रह्मांड में बउँड़ियाये लगलें। एह भीषण स्थिती के देख के '''विष्णु''' अपना '''सुदर्शन चक्र''' से सती के शरीर के '''108 टुकड़न'''{{efn|अलग-अलग मत में ई गिनती अलग मिले ला।}} में काट दिहलें, जे धरती पर गिर के पवित्र स्थान बन गइलें, जहाँ आज लोग देवी के पूजा क सकेला। एह काम के पूरा करे खातिर, शिव '''भैरव''' के रूप धारण कइलें।<ref name="Vijnanananda1921">{{Cite book|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/devi-bhagavata-purana/d/doc57287.html|title=Śrīmad Devī Bhāgavatam|last=Swami Vijñanananda|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Limited|year=1921|isbn=9788121505918|volume=Book 7|chapter=Chapter 30}}</ref><ref name="Mahabhagavata">{{Cite web |title=Mahābhāgavata Purāṇa (Upapurāṇa) - Chapter 11 |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabhagavata-purana-translation/d/doc1474232.html |website=Wisdom Library}}</ref><ref name="KalikaPurana">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/QCML_the-kalika-puran-translated-in-english-by-b-n-shastri-edited-by-surendra-pratap-nag-publishers-|title=The Kalika Purana|publisher=Nag Publishers|editor-last=Pratap|editor-first=Surendra|translator-last=Shastri|translator-first=B. N.|chapter=Chapter 18}}</ref> देवी पूजा से जुड़ल एह ऐतिहासिक अस्थानन में से ज्यादातर भारते में स्थित बाड़ें, बाकिर कुछ अस्थान [[नेपाल]] में, सात गो [[बांग्लादेश]] में, दू गो [[पाकिस्तान]] में, आ एकहक ठो अस्थान [[तिब्बत]], [[श्रीलंका]] आ [[भूटान]] में पड़े लें। {{clear}} == नोट == {{notelist}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:शाक्त मत]] {{Hindu-myth-stub}} lhspbj7nz1lcaffsbq62gu0nfogo8a0 0 100656 814064 790953 2026-11-06T13:43:15Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = संभाजी | title = | image = Sambhaji painting late 17th century.png | caption = शंभाजी, बाद के 17वीं सदी के पोर्ट्रेट | succession = मराठा छत्रपति | reign = 16 जनवरी 1681 – 11 मार्च 1689 | coronation = 20 जुलाई 1680, [[पन्हाला]] (प्रतीकात्मक)<br />16 जनवरी 1681, [[रायगड किला]] (ऑफिशियल) | predecessor = [[शिवाजी|शिवाजी I]] | successor = [[राजाराम I]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1657|5|14}} | birth_place = [[पुरंदर किला]], सूबा अहमदनगर, [[मुगल राज]] {{small|(आज्काल्ह [[पुणे जिला]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]])}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1689|3|11|1657|5|14}} | death_place = तुलापुर, सूबा अहमदनगर, [[मुगल राज]] {{small|(आज्काल्ह [[पुणे जिला]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[भारत]])}} | spouse = येसूबाई | issue = भवानी बाई आ साहू | father = [[शिवाजी|शिवाजी I]] | mother = सईबाई | religion = [[हिंदू धर्म|हिंदू]] | reg-type1 = पेशवा | regent1 = {{Plain list| *मोरोपंत त्रिंबक पिंगले *मोरेश्वर पिंगले *रामचंद्र पंत }} | royal house = [[भोंसले बंस]] }} '''संभाजी''' (संभाजीराजे शिवाजीराजे भोंसले; 14 मई 1657 — 11 मार्च 1689), जिनका '''शंभूराजे''' नाँव से भी जानल जालन, 1681 से 1689 ले [[मराठा राज|मराठा साम्राज्य]] के दुसरहा राजा (छत्रपति) रहलें। ई साम्राज्य प्रारंभिक आधुनिक भारत के एगो प्रमुख राज्य मानल जाला। संभाजी, मराठा साम्राज्य के संस्थापक [[शिवाजी]] के सबसे बड़ा बेटा रहलें। नौ बरिस के उमिर में, संभाजी के [[मुगल राज|मुगल साम्राज्य]] अपना लगे राजनीतिक बंधक के रूप में रख लिहलस, जवना से कि उनकर पिता शिवाजी [[पुरंदर के संधि]] के पालन करें। बाद में उनका के पिता के साथ आगरा ले जाइल गइल, जहाँ दूनो जना के मुगल बादशाह [[औरंगजेब]] द्वारा नजरबंद क दिहल गइल, लेकिन बाद में ऊ लोग उहँवा से बच निकलल। एहके बाद, उनकर पिता उनकरा के पनहाला किला में बंद क दिहलें। कुछ मत के अनुसार, ई उनका “इंद्रिय सुख” में लिप्त होखे या एगो ब्राह्मण औरत के साथे नियम तोड़े के कारण भइल।<ref name="Sensual pleasures-1982-2003"> * {{cite book |last=Laine |first=James W. |author-link=James Laine |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10230 |title=Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India |date=13 February 2003 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-514126-9 |page=93 |chapter=Cracks in the Narrative |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195141269.003.0006 |quote=Besides the fact that Shivaji grew up apart from his father, we are also aware of his testy relationship with his oldest son Sambhaji, who deserted his father's cause for a time and allied with the Mughals, and is primarily remembered for his affronts to the chaste virtue of brahmin women, his drug use, and his association with Tantric priests of questionable integrity |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10230/chapter/157915767}} * {{cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |author-link=John F. Richards |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |page=215 |chapter=Maratha insurgency and Mughal conquest in the Deccan |quote=In December 1678, in disgrace for the rape of a respectable Brahmin woman, [he] escaped his father's surveillance and fled.}} * {{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TsMl0vSc0gC&pg=PA551 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |year=1984 |isbn=978-81-207-1015-3 |pages=551 |quote=Though an excellent warrior, he became addicted to sensual pleasures on attaining maturity and displayed irresponsible conduct, unbecoming of a crown prince. What Salim had been to Akbar, Sambhaji was to his father Shivaji.}} </ref> बाद में संभाजी मुगल पक्ष में चल गइलें आ दिलेर खान के साथ भूपालगढ़ के लड़ाई में अपना पिता के खिलाफ लड़लें। पिता के निधन के बाद ऊ राजगद्दी पर बइठलें। उनकर शासन काल मुख्य रूप से मराठा आ मुगल साम्राज्य के बीच चलत युद्ध से प्रभावित रहल, साथे-साथ पड़ोसी शक्ति—जइसे जंजीरा के सिद्दी, मैसूर के वाडियार आ गोवा में पुर्तगाली साम्राज्य—से भी संघर्ष रहल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मराठा राज]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:मध्यकालीन भारत]] {{India-hist-stub}} bt7acjb7rjfi0fhlnh8ltx569j30v58 0 100701 813756 795984 2026-11-06T12:08:53Z SM7Bot 7808 /* अवार्ड */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox publisher | image = | parent = | status = | founded = 1960<ref name="knownfor">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=वाणी प्रकाशन को लेकर सीईओ बोले- प्रचार-प्रसार करते थे उनके पिता |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-up-vani-prakashan-came-into-existence-due-love-for-hindi-says-ceo-arun-maheshwari-lucknow-local18-8856927.html |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi |archive-date=2025-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117101421/https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-up-vani-prakashan-came-into-existence-due-love-for-hindi-says-ceo-arun-maheshwari-lucknow-local18-8856927.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | founder = डॉ. प्रेमचंद महेश | successor = | country = [[भारत]] | headquarters = [[नई दिल्ली]] | keypeople = अरुण माहेश्वरी (मैनेजिंग डाइरेक्टर) <br /> अदिति माहेश्वरी (सीइओ) <br /> दामिनी माहेश्वरी (डिजिटल ऑपरेशन सभ के मुखिया) | distribution = | publications = [[किताब]] | topics = | genre = | imprints = | revenue = | numemployees = | nasdaq = | url = {{URL|https://vaniprakashan.com/}} }} '''वाणी प्रकाशन''' भारत के एगो किताब छापे वाला संस्थान (पब्लिशिंग हाउस) हवे, जवन 1960 में प्रेमचंद महेश द्वारा स्थापित कइल गइल।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadana |first=Rashmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReFMMBXokrIC&q=Arun+Vani&pg=PA78 |title=English Heart, Hindi Heartland: The Political Life of Literature in India |date=2012-02-02 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-95229-4 |language=en}}</ref> एह संस्था के मुख्यालय [[नई दिल्ली]] में बा, आ ई भारतीय साहित्य आ प्रकाशन के क्षेत्र में अपना योगदान खातिर जानल जाला। == इतिहास == वाणी प्रकाशन 1960 में शुरू भइल आ ई खासकर [[हिंदी साहित्य]] के कई विधा (जॉनर) में अपना योगदान खातिर प्रसिद्ध बा।<ref name="knownfor"/> 2021 में, वाणी प्रकाशन भारतीय ज्ञानपीठ के पब्लिशिंग प्रोग्राम के अधिग्रहण कइ लिहलस, जवन 1944 में स्थापित भइल रहे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Committed to advancing critical theory: Vani Prakashan chief - The Patriot |url=https://thepatriot.in/culture/committed-to-advancing-critical-theory-vani-prakashan-chief-44102/amp |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=thepatriot.in}}</ref><ref name=":27">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-01 |title=वाणी प्रकाशन समूह का ज्ञानपीठ ट्रस्ट के साथ करार, पुरस्कार से सम्मानित पुस्तकों का होगा पुनर्प्रकाशन |url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/vani-prakashan-group-ties-up-with-jnanpith-award-winning-books-will-be-republished/1983032/lite/ |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> एहसे हिंदी साहित्य के क्षेत्र में वाणी प्रकाशन के दायरा (पोर्टफोलियो) अउरी बढ़ गइल। ई संस्था यात्रा बुक्स के भी अधिग्रहण कइ लिहले बाटे, जवन अनुवाद आ अंग्रेजी भाषा के किताब पर ध्यान देवे वाला प्रकाशक रहल।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aditi Maheshwari Goyal – Publishing is in flux after the pandemic |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/aditi-maheshwari-goyal-publishing-is-in-flux-after-the-pandemic-101726667316992.html |access-date=20 February 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> == पब्लिकेशन == वाणी प्रकाशन छव गो भाषा सभ में किताब छापे ला, जेमे मुख्य रूप से अंग्रेजी आ हिंदी शामिल बा। एकर विषय कविता, समाजशास्त्र आ विचारधारा जइसन अलग-अलग क्षेत्र तक फइलल बाटे।<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Yadav |first1=Jyoti |last2=ThePrint |date=2020-08-23 |title=Hindi publishers sold no books, fired no staff in lockdown. Now they plan for e-book future |url=https://theprint.in/india/hindi-publishers-sold-no-books-fired-no-staff-in-lockdown-now-they-plan-for-e-book-future/486559/?amp |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> कई सालन से ई संस्था छपल (प्रिंट), इलेक्ट्रॉनिक (ई-बुक) आ ऑडियो फॉर्मेट में किताब प्रकाशित करत आइल बा, आ एकर वितरण (डिस्ट्रीब्यूशन) मय भारत भर में, साथे-साथ ऑनलाइन प्लेटफॉर्म पर भी होखेला।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=HCI |date=2018-10-05 |title=HarperCollins India and leading Hindi publisher, Vani Prakashan, today announced the launch of a new joint imprint in 2019. |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/blog/announcements/press-release/harpercollins-india-and-leading-hindi-publisher-vani-prakashan-today-announced-the-launch-of-a-new-joint-imprint-launching-in-january-2019-this-new-venture-will-publish-english-language/ |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=HarperCollins Publishers India Books, Novels, Authors and Reviews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-02 |title=वाणी प्रकाशन ग्रुप की विशेष पहल 'Diwali' को करें किताबों से रोशन' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/literature/publication-vani-prakashan-group-gift-books-happy-diwali-2021-damini-maheshwari-vani-book-publication-house-amazon-kitabteras-3829769.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi |archive-date=2025-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527182527/https://hindi.news18.com/news/literature/publication-vani-prakashan-group-gift-books-happy-diwali-2021-damini-maheshwari-vani-book-publication-house-amazon-kitabteras-3829769.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ई प्रकाशन भारत, अमेरिका, यूनाइटेड किंगडम आ मध्य पूर्व के लाइब्रेरी सिस्टमन से भी जुड़ल बा।<ref name=":2" /> अंतरराष्ट्रीय साहित्यिक सहयोग में योगदान खातिर एकरा के नेशनल लाइब्रेरी ऑफ स्वीडन, इंडो-रशियन लिटरेरी क्लब आ पोलैंड सरकार जइसन संस्था द्वारा मान्यता मिलल बा।<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Arun Maheshwari receives award from Oxford Business College |url=https://www.printweek.in/news/arun-maheshwari-receives-award-oxford-business-college-24325?amp=1 |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=PrintWeek India}}</ref> == अवार्ड == वाणी प्रकाशन के नेशनल लाइब्रेरी ऑफ स्वीडन, इंडो-रशियन लिटरेरी क्लब, रशियन सेंटर ऑफ आर्ट कल्चर आ पोलैंड सरकार द्वारा सम्मानित कइल गइल, काहे कि ई संस्था इंडो-स्वीडिश, इंडो-रशियन आ इंडो-पोलिश साहित्यिक सहयोग के बढ़ावा देले बा।<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vani Prakashan Group celebrates the 51st birthday of poet, academician, motivator, social activist and youth icon Dr. Kumar Vishwas at Taj Man Singh, New Delhi – India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/vani-prakashan-group-celebrates-the-51st-birthday-of-poet-academician-motivator-social-activist-and-youth-icon-dr-kumar-vishwas-at-taj-man-singh-new-delhi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917111226/https://indiaeducationdiary.in/vani-prakashan-group-celebrates-the-51st-birthday-of-poet-academician-motivator-social-activist-and-youth-icon-dr-kumar-vishwas-at-taj-man-singh-new-delhi/ |archive-date=17 September 2024 |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=indiaeducationdiary.in |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> ई पहिला भारतीय प्रकाशन हाउस हवे जवन ऑक्सफोर्ड बिजनेस कॉलेज (यूनाइटेड किंगडम) से एक्सीलेंस अवार्ड प्राप्त कइलस। एह संस्था के मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी अदिति माहेश्वरी के 2023 में शेवलिए दे आर्ट्स ए दे लेत्र सम्मान से नवाजल गइल।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-08 |title=Vani Prakashan's Aditi Maheshwari conferred with France's Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/vani-prakashans-aditi-maheshwari-conferred-with-frances-knight-of-the-order-of-arts-and-letters-101702028796658.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216025147/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/vani-prakashans-aditi-maheshwari-conferred-with-frances-knight-of-the-order-of-arts-and-letters-101702028796658-amp.html |archive-date=16 December 2023 |access-date=2025-02-20 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> == वाणी फ़ाउंडेशन गण्यमान्य अनुवादक पुरस्कार == वाणी फ़ाउंडेशन गण्यमान्य अनुवादक पुरस्कार एगो प्रतिष्ठित अवार्ड हवे जे वाणी प्रकाशन द्वारा अनुबादक लोगन के दिहल जाला।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-01-12 |title=Daisy Rockwell to receive Vani Foundation Distinguished Translator Award {{!}} Daisy Rockwell to receive Vani Foundation Distinguished Translator Award |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/120123/daisy-rockwell-to-receive-vani-foundation-distinguished-translator-awa-1.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-01-10 |title='Tomb of Sand' translator Daisy Rockwell gets 2023 Vani Foundation Distinguished Translator Award |url=https://scroll.in/article/1041556/tomb-of-sand-translator-daisy-rockwell-gets-2023-vani-foundation-distinguished-translator-award |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> एकरा तहत एक लाख रुपिया आ प्रशस्ति-पत्र दिहल जाला।<ref name="p123" /> साल 2023 खातिर ई पुरस्कार डेजी रॉकवेल के दिहल गइल रहे।<ref name="p123">{{cite web | last=डेस्क | first=काव्य | title=डेज़ी रॉकवेल को 'वाणी फ़ाउंडेशन गण्यमान्य अनुवादक पुरस्कार' | website=Amar Ujala | date=12 January 2023 | url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/halchal/vani-foundation-distinguished-translator-award-to-daisy-rockwell | language=hi | access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref> साल 2025 के अवार्ड मराठी भाषा के हिंदी से जोड़े खातिर शांता गोखले के दिहल गइल।<ref name="n094">{{cite web | last=Khan | first=Murtaza Ali | title=Ninth Vani Foundation Distinguished Translator Award 2024-2025 to Shanta Gokhale | website=Transcontinental Times | date=30 January 2025 | url=https://www.transcontinentaltimes.com/shanta-gokhale/ | access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के किताब छापे वाली कंपनी]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के पब्लिशिंग कंपनी]] tdvp2nq9sxlibmk77r8vx7aghqos635 0 100780 814131 792164 2026-11-06T15:51:16Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814131 wikitext text/x-wiki ई मार्च 2026 तक ले के डेटा के हिसाब से '''दुनिया के सबसे बेसी देखल जाए वाली (विजिट वाली ) [[वेबसाइट]]न के लिस्ट''' ({{Langx|en|List of most-visited websites}}) हवे, जवना में पिछला महीना के तुलना में उनहन के रैंकिंग में भइल बदलावो शामिल बा। ई लिस्ट आ एह में इस्तेमाल भइल दुनो रेफरेंस डेटा स्रोत — सिमिलरवेब आ सेमरश — ऐप ट्रैफिक के शामिल नइखन करत। आज के समय में इंटरनेट ट्रैफिक के सबसे बड़ा हिस्सा ऐप ट्रैफिके के बा। == लिस्ट == {{Dynamic list}} डेटा सिमिलरवेब रैंकिंग (मार्च 2026 तक)<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2026 |title=Similarweb Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |access-date=April 9, 2026 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> आ सेमरश रैंकिंग (मार्च 2026 तक)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top websites |url=https://www.semrush.com/trending-websites/global/all |website=[[Semrush]] |access-date=April 29, 2026 |archive-date=December 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219181830/https://www.semrush.com/trending-websites/global/all }}</ref> से जुटावल गइल बा। {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Website ! Domain name ! Similarweb (March 2026) ! Semrush (March 2026) ! Type ! Owner ! Country |- | [[Google Search]] | google.com | 1 ({{steady}}) | 1 ({{steady}}) | Search engine | [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[YouTube]] | YouTube.com | 2 ({{steady}}) | 2 ({{steady}}) | Video-sharing platform | [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Facebook]] | Facebook.com | 3 ({{steady}}) | 3 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Instagram]] | Instagram.com | 4 ({{steady}}) | 4 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[ChatGPT]] | chatgpt.com | 5 ({{steady}}) | 5 ({{steady}}) | Chatbot | [[OpenAI]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[X (social network)|X]] | x.com | 6 ({{steady}}) | 8 ({{increase}})1 | Social media | [[X Corp.]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Reddit]] | reddit.com | 7 ({{steady}}) | 6 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[Reddit]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Microsoft Bing]] | bing.com | 8 ({{increase}})2 | 16 ({{steady}}) | Search engine | [[Microsoft]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[WhatsApp]] | WhatsApp.com | 9 ({{steady}}) | 10 ({{steady}}) | Instant messenger | [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Wikipedia]] | wikipedia.org | 10 ({{decrease}})2 | 7 ({{steady}}) | Encyclopedia | [[Wikimedia Foundation]]{{efn|Nonprofit organization}} | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[TikTok]] | tiktok.com | 11 ({{steady}}) | 14 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[ByteDance]] | {{flagu|China}} |- | [[Yahoo Japan]] | yahoo.co.jp | 12 ({{steady}}) | 17 ({{steady}}) | News | [[LY Corporation]] | {{flagu|Japan}} |- | [[Yahoo!]] | yahoo.com | 13 ({{increase}})1 | 12 ({{steady}}) | News | [[Yahoo|Yahoo! Inc.]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Yandex]] | yandex.ru | 14 ({{decrease}})1 | 18 ({{steady}}) | Search engine | [[Yandex]] | {{flagu|Russia}} |- | [[Gemini (chatbot)|Gemini]] | gemini.google.com | 15 ({{increase}})1 | N/A | Chatbot | [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] | amazon.com | 16 ({{decrease}})1 | 13 ({{steady}}) | Marketplace | [[Amazon Inc.]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[LinkedIn]] | linkedin.com | 17 ({{steady}}) | 18 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[Microsoft]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Baidu]] | baidu.com | 18 ({{increase}})1 | N/A | Search engine | [[Baidu]] | {{flagu|China}} |- | [[BET.br]] | bet.br | 19 ({{decrease}})1 | N/A | Online gambling |[[BET.br]] | {{flagu|Brazil}} |- | [[Naver]] | naver.com | 20 ({{steady}}) | 30 ({{increase}})1 | News | [[Naver Corporation]] | {{flagu|South Korea}} |- | [[Netflix]] | netflix.com | 21 ({{steady}}) | 21 ({{increase}})4 | Streaming service | [[Netflix, Inc.]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Pinterest]] | pinterest.com | 22 ({{steady}}) | 27 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[Pinterest]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Bing (search engine)|Live]] | live.com | 23 ({{steady}}) | 26 ({{decrease}})11 | Email | [[Microsoft]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Pornhub]] | pornhub.com | 24 ({{increase}})1 | 9 ({{decrease}})1 | Pornography | [[Aylo]] | {{flagu|Canada}} |- | [[Dzen News]] | dzen.ru | 25 ({{increase}})2 | 46 ({{decrease}})23 | News | [[Zen News]] | {{flagu|Russia}} |- | [[Bilibili]] | bilibili.com | 26 ({{decrease}})2 | N/A | Social media | [[Bilibili]] | {{flagu|China}} |- | [[Temu]] | temu.com | 27 ({{decrease}})1 | 21 ({{decrease}}) | Marketplace | [[Temu]] | {{flagu|China}} |- | [[xHamster]] | xhamster.com | 28 ({{increase}})2 | 19 ({{steady}}) | Pornography | [[XHamster|Hammy Media Ltd]] | {{flagu|Cyprus}} |- | [[Microsoft]] | Microsoft.com | 29 ({{steady}}) | 22 ({{increase}}) 2 | Software | [[Microsoft]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Office.com|Microsoft 365]] | office.com | 30 ({{decrease}})2 | 34 ({{decrease}})4 | Software | [[Microsoft]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[XVideos]] | xvideos.com | 31 ({{increase}})1 | 11 ({{steady}}) | Pornography | [[WGCZ Holding]] | {{flagu|France}} |- | [[Microsoft]] | m365.cloud.microsoft | 32 ({{increase}})17 | N/A | Software | [[Microsoft]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] | twitch.tv | 33 ({{decrease}})2 | 29 ({{decrease}})1 | Livestreaming service | [[Amazon Inc.]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Canva]] | canva.com | 34 ({{decrease}})1 | 32 ({{steady}}) | Software | [[Canva Pty Ltd]] | {{flagu|Australia}} |- | [[The Weather Channel|Weather]] | weather.com | 35 ({{decrease}})1 | 21 ({{decrease}})1 | Weather | [[The Weather Channel]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[VK (service)|VK]] | vk.com | 36 ({{decrease}})1 | 40 ({{steady}}) | Social media | [[VK (company)|VK]] | {{flagu|Russia}} |- | [[Grupo Globo|Globo]] | globo.com | 37 ({{decrease}})1 | 42 ({{increase}})2 | News | [[Grupo Globo]] | {{flagu|Brazil}} |- | [[Samsung]] | samsung.com | 38 ({{increase}})2 | 53 ({{decrease}})5 | Consumer electronics | [[Samsung]] | {{flagu|South Korea}} |- | [[Yahoo! News|Yahoo! News Japan]] | news.yahoo.co.jp | 39 ({{decrease}})1 | 16 ({{increase}})1 | News | [[LY Corporation]] | {{flagu|Japan}} |- | [[Mail.ru]] | mail.ru | 40 ({{increase}})1 | 54 ({{decrease}})5 | Email | [[VK (company)|VK]] | {{flagu|Russia}} |- | [[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] | fandom.com | 41 ({{decrease}})4 | N/A | Wiki hosting service | [[Fandom Inc.]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] | t.me | 42 ({{decrease}})3 | 57 ({{decrease}})1 | Instant messenger | [[Telegram Messenger LLP]] | {{flagu|United Arab Emirates}} |- | [[The New York Times]] | nytimes.com | 43 ({{steady}}) | N/A | News & Media Publishers | [[The New York Times]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[DuckDuckGo]] | duckduckgo.com | 44 ({{decrease}})2 | 15 ({{steady}}) | Search engine | [[DuckDuckGo]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[Stripchat]] | stripchat.com | 46 ({{decrease}})2 | N/A | Adult camming | [[Stripchat]] | {{flagu|Cyprus}} |- | [[GitHub]] | github.com | 48 ({{increase}})4 | N/A | Technology | [[GitHub]] | {{flagu|United States}} |- | [[XNXX]] | xnxx.com | 49 ({{decrease}})4 | 28 ({{increase}})1 | Pornography | [[XNXX|WGCZ Holding]] | {{flagu|France}} |- | [[Claude (language model)]] | claude.ai | 50 ({{increase}})52 | N/A | Chatbot | [[Anthropic]] | {{flagu|United States}} |} === नोट === {{notelist}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:वेबसाइट|+]] [[श्रेणी:लिस्ट]] {{internet-stub}} p8x7tquiz8rmxaxqg5t62yo04ci3i7a 0 100829 814009 803949 2026-11-06T13:03:21Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = | image = Suvendu Adhikari at Esplanade Metro Rail Station, Kolkata, 6 March 2024.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = 2024 में अधिकारी | office = [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] के 9वाँ मुख्यमंत्री | governor = | deputy = | term_start = 9 मई 2026 | term_end = | preceded = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | successor = | birth_place = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|12|15|df=y}} | spouse = | party = [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] {{small|(2020 से)}} | alma_mater = [[रबींद्र भारती विश्वविद्यालय]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Suvendu Adhikar's Affidavit 2026 |url= https://suvidha.eci.gov.in/ac/public/uploads2/acaffidavit/E32/2026/AC/S25/210/S25_10940_3519_202604060137411775462861.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ([[Master of Arts|M.A]]) | occupation = {{hlist|[[राजनीतिक नेता]]|बिजनेसमैन}} | father = | mother = | relatives = | website = | footnotes = | other_party = * [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस]] {{small|(1995–2000)}} * [[अखिल भारतीय तृणमूल कांग्रेस]] {{small|(2000–2020)}} }} '''शुभेंदु अधिकारी''' (जनम: 15 दिसंबर 1970) एगो भारतीय राजनीतिक नेता आ वर्तमान में [[पच्छिम बंगाल के मुख्यमंत्री]] बाड़ें। अधिकारी 9 मई 2026 से पच्छिम बंगाल के 9वाँ मुख्यमंत्री के रूप में काम क रहल बाड़ें।<ref name="बीबीसी-9-मई-26">{{cite news |title=शुभेंदु अधिकारी: पश्चिम बंगाल के नए मुख्यमंत्री के आगे होंगी ये बड़ी चुनौतियाँ |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/cgmp8p3x988o |access-date=9 मई 2026 |work=BBC News हिंदी |date=9 मई 2026 |language=hi}}</ref> ऊ [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] (भाजपा) से पच्छिम बंगाल के पहिला मुख्यमंत्री बाड़ें।<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/SHdz2IOP8zE |title=Suvendu Adhikari Takes Oath As West Bengal's First BJP Chief Minister Since Independence |language=en |access-date=2026-05-09 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> [[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस|कांग्रेस पार्टी]] से अपना राजनीतिक कैरियर के सुरुआत करे वाला शुभेंदु अधिकारी लमहर समय ले [[आल इंडिया तृणमूल कांग्रेस]] में रहलें। 2020 में अधिकारी भाजपा में चल गइलें आ आगे चल के अधिकारी 2021 से 2026 तक [[पच्छिम बंगाल बिधानसभा]] में नेता प्रतिपक्षो के जिम्मेदारी निभवलें। एकरा से पहिले ऊ 2016 से 2020 तक, जब तृणमूल में रहलन, [[पच्छिम बंगाल सरकार]] के राज्य मंत्रालय में काम कइले रहलन। ऊ 2016, 2021 आ 2026 में नंदीग्राम से विधायक चुनल गइलन, आ 2026 में साथे-साथ भबानीओपुर से चुनाव जीतलन। एह से पहिले ऊ 2005 में कंथी दक्खिन से विधायक आ 2009 आ 2014 में तमलुक से सांसद चुनल गइल रहलन। अधिकारी पहिले पच्छिम बंगाल सरकार में 2016 से 2020 तक परिवहन मंत्री रहलन। एह दौरान ऊ 2018 से 2020 तक सिंचाई आ वाटर रिसोर्स विभागो सम्हारत रहलन। ऊ 2009 से 2016 तक तमलुक से लोकसभा सदस्य रहलन आ 2020 से 2021 तक जूट कॉरपोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया के चेयरपर्सन रहलन। शुभेंदु अधिकारी 1998 से 2020 तक ऑल इंडिया तृणमूल कांग्रेस से जुड़ल रहलन, जबकि 1995 से 1998 तक इंडियन नेशनल कांग्रेस में रहलन। ऊ सिशिर अधिकारी के बेटा बाड़ें, जे सांसद रहलन आ [[मनमोहन सिंह]] के सरकार में ग्रामीण विकास मंत्रालय में केंद्रीय राज्य मंत्री के रूप में काम कइले रहलन।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Ravik |title=Had no work, say former TMC ministers in UPA govt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/had-no-work-say-former-tmc-ministers-in-upa-govt/story-u42OCyo4PuSXfNtPwjP3hO.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | title = Suvendu Adhikari -Profile | access-date = 20 June 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | archive-date = 29 October 2010 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|access-date=2 May 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share – Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=OneIndia |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627210242/https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE – Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612225129/https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> भाजपा 2026 के पच्छिम बंगाल चुनाव में भ्रष्टाचार के एगो प्रमुख मुद्दा बनवले रहल; हालाँकि, अधिकारी पर ख़ुद नारदा स्टिंग बीडियों में कथित तौर पर काम करावे के एहसान के बदले पइसा लेत देखावल गइल रहल आ उनुके नाँव शारदा चिटफंड घोटाला में भी आइल रहल।<ref name="बीबीसी-9-मई-26" /> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:पच्छिम बंगाल के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1970 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{India-politician-stub}} h219ode2862ubk10d9m8ctiqsrr249b 0 100843 814157 804630 2026-11-06T15:54:07Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Chief Minister Samrat Chaudhary(cropped).jpg | caption = 2026 में चौधरी | office = बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री | order = 24वाँ नंबर के, | governor = सय्यद अता हसनैन | term_start = 15 अप्रैल 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[नीतीश कुमार]] | successor = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|11|16|df=y}} | birth_place = मुँगेर जिला, बिहार | party = <!-- {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}} {{Small|(since 2017)}}--> [[भाजपा]] | other_party = <!-- {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}} {{Small|(2014-2017)}}<br>{{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} {{Small|(1999-2014)}}<br>{{Party index link|Samata Party}} {{Small|(1990-1999)}}--> | spouse = ममता कुमारी | children = 2 | education = [[मदुरै कामराज विश्वविद्यालय]] | father = शकुनी चौधरी | mother = पार्बती देवी | occupation = राजनीतिक नेता | signature = | source = | footnotes = }} '''सम्राट चौधरी''' (जनम: 16 नवंबर 1968) [[बिहार]] के राजनीतिक नेता आ 15 अप्रैल 2026 से [[बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री लोगन के लिस्ट|बिहार के 24वाँ मुख्यमंत्री]] बाड़ें। ऊ 2025 से तारापुर बिधानसभा क्षेत्र से [[बिहार बिधानसभा]] के सदस्य (एमएलए) बाड़ें। एकरा से पहिले ऊ 2024 से 2026 तक ले [[नीतीश कुमार]] सरकार में बिहार के उपमुख्यमंत्री रहलन। सम्राट चौधरी बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री बनेवाला [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] (भाजपा) के पहिला नेता बाड़ें। पहिले ऊ [[राष्ट्रीय जनता दल]] आ [[जनता दल (युनाइटेड)|जनता दल (यूनाइटेड)]] से जुड़ल रहलन। ऊ 2014 से 2016 आ फेर 2020 से 2025 तक [[बिहार बिधानपरिषद]] के सदस्य (एमएलसी) रहलन। एकरा अलावा ऊ 2000 से 2004 आ फेर 2010 से 2014 तक परबत्ता विधानसभा क्षेत्र के प्रतिनिधित्व कइलन। मार्च 2023 से 25 जुलाई 2024 तक ऊ भाजपा बिहार राज्य इकाई के अध्यक्षो रहलन आ 2022 में बिहार विधान परिषद में नेता प्रतिपक्ष के रूप में चुनल गइल रहलन। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:1968 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री]] [[श्रेणी:बिहार के राजनीतिक नेता]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय जनता पार्टी के नेता]] {{Bihar-politician-stub}} 8ibk1suf3tb4fz4naw4sr3v8lxbzzyq 0 100893 814108 796008 2026-11-06T15:48:40Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814108 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Starting_position_in_a_chess_game.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px|सतरंज, सुरु मे]] [[शतरंज|सतरंज]] के खेल के लोग तीन भाग कऽ देखेला: सुरु के खेला, बीचलका खेला आ अन्त के खेला। <ref>John Watson, ''Secrets of Modern Chess Strategy: Advances Since Nimzowitsch'', Gambit Publications, 1998, p. 10. {{ISBN|1-901983-07-2}}. {{ISBN|0-486-20290-9}}.</ref> एह मे से हर भाग मे ई खेल कइसे खेलल जाय, बेसी कऽ के सुरे आ अंत मे कइसे खेलल जाय,एकर बड़हन बखान बाटे। == एहिजा जे जानकारी लिहल बा == 7i1b2exkao9ii72dy295nyo3k2v2t3q 0 100964 813767 798594 2026-11-06T12:09:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''वाराणसी सिटी रेलवे स्टेशन''' [[बनारस]] के प्रमुख रेलवे स्टेशनन में से एगो हवे। ई [[बनारस कैंट रेलवे स्टेशन|वाराणसी जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] (कैंट स्टेशन) से लगभग 4 किलोमीटर उत्तर-पूर्व, [[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय|बनारस हिंदू यूनिवर्सिटी]] से लगभग 10 किलोमीटर उत्तर-पूर्व आ [[बाबतपुर हवाईअड्डा|लाल बहादुर शास्त्री हवाई अड्डा]] से लगभग 23 किलोमीटर दक्खिन-पुरुब में स्थित बा। [[बनारस कैंट रेलवे स्टेशन|वाराणसी जंक्शन]] (कैंट स्टेशन) पर बहुत बेसी भीड़भाड़ होखे के कारण ई स्टेशन टर्मिनल स्टेशन के रूप में भी काम करेला, जहाँ से कई रेलगाड़ी सभ के शुरुआत आ समापन होखेला। [[श्रेणी:बनारस]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के रेलवे स्टेशन]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस रेलवे डिवीजन]] {{India-rail-transport-stub}} shrq0h1cdsw6twe16o7pa273bglxqp9 0 100988 813766 799132 2026-11-06T12:09:32Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:ISS-48 Towering cumulonimbus and other clouds over the Earth (2).jpg|thumb|[[पृथिवी]] के [[वायुमंडल]] के इंटरनेशनल स्पेस स्टेशन से लिहल गइल फोटो]] '''वायुमंडल बिज्ञान''' चाहे '''वायुमंडलीय बिज्ञान''' ({{Langx|en|atmospheric science}}) पृथ्वी के [[वायुमंडल]] आ एकरा के भीतर होखे वाली विभिन्न भौतिक प्रक्रिया सभ के अध्ययन कइल जाला। [[मौसम बिज्ञान]] में वायुमंडलीय रसायन बिज्ञान आ वायुमंडलीय भौतिकी शामिल होला, बाकिर एकर मुख्य ध्यान मौसम के फोरकास्ट (पहिले से अनुमान लगावे) पर रहेला। [[जलवायु बिज्ञान]] में मौसम के तुलना में लमहर समय तक के वायुमंडलीय दशा के अध्ययन कइल जाला। एहमें औसत जलवायु, समय के साथ ओकर बदलाव आ विविधता पर बिसेस धियान दिहल जाला। [[एरोनॉमी]] में वायुमंडल के ऊपरी परतन के अध्ययन कइल जाला, जहाँ अणु-विच्छेदन (डिसोसिएशन) आ आयनीकरण जइसन प्रक्रिया सभ महत्वपूर्ण होली। वायुमंडलीय बिज्ञान के दायरा अब ग्रह बिज्ञान तक बढ़ गइल बा। एहमें [[सौरमंडल]] के ग्रहन आ प्राकृतिक उपग्रहन के वायुमंडल के भी अध्ययन कइल जाला। वायुमंडलीय बिज्ञान में इस्तमाल होखे वाला प्रमुख उपकरणन में [[उपग्रह]], रॉकेटसॉन्ड, रेडियोसॉन्ड, मौसम गुब्बारा, रडार आ लेजर शामिल बाड़ें। == वायुमंडल के डाइनामिक्स == {{main|सिनॉप्टिक क्लाइमेटोलॉजी}} वायुमंडलीय डाइनामिक्स में मौसम से जुड़ल बिबिध किसिम के गति वाला सिस्टम सभ के अध्ययन कइल जाला। एहमें अलग-अलग जगह आ अलग-अलग समय पर कइल गइल ऑब्जर्वेशन (नाप-जोख) आ सैद्धांतिक थियरी सभ के एक संघे जोड़ल जाला। एह शाखा में गरज-चमक वाला तूफान ([[थंडरस्टॉर्म]]), [[बवंडर]], गुरुत्वीय तरंग, [[उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात]], उष्णकटिबंध-बाहरी चक्रवात, [[जेट स्ट्रीम]] आ वैश्विक स्तर के वायुमंडलीय सर्कुलेशन जइसन घटना सभ के अध्ययन कइल जाला। वायुमंडलीय डाइनामिक्स के मेन मकसद [[भौतिकी]] (फिजिक्स) के मूल सिद्धांतन के नजरिया से वायुमंडलीय सर्कुलेशन के व्याख्या कइल बा। एह अध्ययन के मकसद मौसम के पूर्वानुमान के बेसी सटीक बनावल, मौसमी आ साल-दर-साल होखे वाला [[जलवायु बदलाव]] के पहिले से अंजादा के तरीका बिकसित कइल, आ मनुष्य के गतिविधियन से पैदा भइल बदलाव—जइसे वायुमंडल में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के मात्रा बढ़ल भा ओजोन परत के क्षय—के वैश्विक जलवायु पर पड़े वाला प्रभाव के समझल बा। [[श्रेणी:वायुमंडल बिज्ञान| ]] [[श्रेणी:पृथिवी बिज्ञान]] {{climate-stub}} isbzqw230p9ll5lxr29c5k3y38ia7oz 0 100995 814209 797784 2026-11-06T15:58:47Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सारंगनाथ महादेव मंदिर''' भारतीय राज्य [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[सारनाथ]] में हिंदू देवता भगवान् [[शिव]] के समर्पित मंदिर बा। एह मंदिर के गर्भगृह में एकही जलहरी (अरघा) में दू गो शिवलिंग बाने जिनहना के बारे में मान्यता ह कि एगो सारंगनाथ हवें आ दुसरा खुद भोलेनाथ (काशी विश्वनाथ);<ref name="h382">{{cite web |last=Jaiswal |first=Abhishek |title=इस मंदिर में एक नहीं बल्कि दो शिवलिंग हैं विराजमान, काशी विश्वनाथ से है कनेक्शन; रोचक है कहानी |website=News18 हिंदी |date=18 July 2025 |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-varanasi-sarangnath-temple-two-shivlingas-in-its-urn-connection-with-kashi-vishwanath-know-history-local18-9413194.html |language=hi |access-date=6 June 2026 |archive-date=6 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260606181139/https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-varanasi-sarangnath-temple-two-shivlingas-in-its-urn-connection-with-kashi-vishwanath-know-history-local18-9413194.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> मान्यता ईहो हवे की सावन में भोलेनाथ एहिजे अपना साला सारंगनाथ के साथे रहे लें।<ref name="k517">{{cite web |title=सारनाथ में है सारंगनाथ महादेव का मंदिर: मान्यता ऐसी कि सावन में महादेव यही रहते हैं; पुजारी ने कहा-सारंगनाथ भोलेनाथ के रिश्ते में साले |website=Dainik Bhaskar |date=22 July 2022 |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/sarangnath-temple-in-varanasis-sarnath-darshan-worship-gives-freedom-from-skin-diseases-and-child-happiness-130088272.html |language=hi |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="v991">{{cite web |title=Tourism in Purvanchal Unique Shiva temple with two Shivlings in one Argha Baba resides here in the month of Shravan |website=Jagran |date=9 January 2023 |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-tourism-in-purvanchal-unique-shiva-temple-with-two-shivlings-in-one-argha-baba-resides-here-in-the-month-of-shravan-23288949.html |language=hi |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> इहो दावा कइल जाला कि [[सारनाथ]] ('सारंग' हरिना, आ 'नाथ' स्वामी) के नाँव एही सारंगनाथ महादेव के नाँव पर पड़ल हवे।<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarang Nath Temple in Varanasi {{!}} Visit Kashi |url=https://visitkashi.in/sights/temples/sarang-nath-mahadev-temple |website=visitkashi.in |access-date=6 जून 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{Temples in Varanasi}} [[श्रेणी:सारनाथ]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस]] [[श्रेणी:शिव मंदिर]] {{Religious-struct-stub}} {{Hinduism-stub}} 742c9yj7sr9l7g5g4aozwwgmiw2ork5 0 101001 813887 796898 2026-11-06T12:54:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* धार्मिक महत्व */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hindu temple | name = विशालाक्षी मंदिर | image = காசி விசாலாட்சி கோயில்.jpg | alt = | caption = मंदिर के दरवाजा | map_type = India Uttar Pradesh | map_caption = उत्तर प्रदेश में लोकेशन | coordinates = {{coord|25|18|32|N|83|0|39|E|type:landmark_region:IN_scale:5000|display=inline,title}} | native_name = | country = {{झंडा|भारत}} | state = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | district = [[वाराणसी जिला|वाराणसी]] | locale = मीर घाट, [[बनारस]] | elevation_m = | deity = [[पार्वती|विशालाक्षी]] | festivals= | architecture = | temple_quantity = | monument_quantity= | inscriptions = | year_completed =1893 | creator = नागारादर समुदाय | website = | architecture_type = [[मंदिर]] }} '''विशालाक्षी मंदिर''', जेकरा के '''विशालाक्षी गौरी मंदिर''' आ '''विशालाक्षी अम्मन कोविल''' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला, [[बनारस]] के प्रसिद्ध [[हिंदू मंदिर|हिंदू मंदिरन]] में से हवे। ई मंदिर विशालाक्षी देवी के समर्पित बा, जे [[पार्वती]] के एगो रूप मानल जाली। एह मंदिर के 19वीं सदी से नट्टुकोट्टई नगराथर समुदाय द्वारा बनावल आ संरक्षित कइल जात बा। ई समुदाय मूल रूप से [[तमिलनाडु]] से जुड़ल एगो व्यापारी समाज हवे। विशालाक्षी मंदिर के आमतौर पर एगो [[शक्तिपीठ]] मानल जाला, जवन [[हिंदू धर्म]] में देवी [[शक्ति]] के सबसे पवित्र तीर्थस्थानन में गिनल जाला। धार्मिक मान्यता के अनुसार [[सती]] के कुंडल (कान के आभूषण) बनारस के एह पवित्र स्थल पर गिरल रहे। एह कारण ई जगह विशेष धार्मिक महत्त्व रखेला। मंदिर अपना [[कजली तीज]] उत्सव खातिर भी प्रसिद्ध बा। ई उत्सव [[हिंदू पतरा|हिंदू पंचांग]] के भादो महीना (अगस्त–सितंबर) के अन्हार पक्ष के तीज तिथि पर मनावल जाला। बनारस आ उत्तर भारत के कई दूसर मंदिरन के नियर विशालाक्षी मंदिर के निर्माण हवेली नियर डिजाइन में कइल गइल बा। एकरा में दक्षिण भारतीय धार्मिक परंपरा से जुड़ल आर्किटेक्चर आ मूर्तिकला के कई तत्व भी शामिल बाड़ें। उदाहरण खातिर, मंदिर में [[द्रविड़ आर्किटेक्चर]] से प्रेरित एगो छोट [[गोपुरम]] (प्रवेश द्वार टावर) भी मौजूद बा। == धार्मिक महत्व == विशालाक्षी (संस्कृत से, मने कि "बड़-बड़ आँखि वाली") पार्वती के एगो विशेष उपनाम (विशेषण) हवे। [[शिव पुराण]] के अनुसार, जब शिव पहिला बेर पार्वती के देखलें, तब उनका के विशालाक्षी कहल गइल रहे। अन्न (अनाज) आ पोषण के देवी [[अन्नपूर्णा माता|अन्नपूर्णा]], जे पार्वती के एगो रूप बाड़ी, उनका खातिर भी विशालाक्षी उपनाँव के इस्तेमाल होला। बनारस में स्थित [[अन्नपूर्णा देवी मंदिर|अन्नपूर्णा मंदिर]] इनकर सभसे प्रसिद्ध मंदिर मानल जाला, जहाँ ऊ नगर के अधिष्ठात्री देवी के रूप में पूजल जाली। [[स्कंद पुराण]] में वर्णित कथा के अनुसार, एक बेर ऋषि व्यास बनारस के लोगन द्वारा भोजन ना दिहला पर नगर के श्राप दे दिहलें। आखिर में विशालाक्षी एगो गृहिणी के रूप में प्रकट भइली आ व्यास के भोजन प्रदान कइली। एह कथा में विशालाक्षी के भूमिका अन्नपूर्णा से मिलत-जुलत बा, काहे कि पुराण में बर्णित कथा में अन्नपूर्णा भी अपना पति शिव के भोजन करावेली आ उनकर भूख मिटावेली। अन्नपूर्णा के भोजन से प्रसन्न होके शिव बनारस के स्थापना कइलें आ उनका के नगर के अधिष्ठात्री देवी नियुक्त कइलें। मानल जाला कि शुरुआती समय में बनारस के विशालाक्षी देवी के अन्नपूर्णा से एकरूप मानल जात रहे, बाकिर बाद में विशालाक्षी के अलग देवी के रूप में पहचान मिल गइल, जवना के कारण दुनो देवी के अलग-अलग मंदिर विकसित भइल। स्कन्द पुराण के काशी खंड में वर्णन बा कि विशालाक्षी, विश्वनाथ (काशी विश्वनाथ) के साथ कुबेर के वरदान देवे खातिर प्रकट होली। काशी खंड के दोसर अध्यायन में भी देवी विशालाक्षी के महिमा के वर्णन मिलेला। बनारस के पवित्र धार्मिक भूगोल में छः स्थानन के षडंग (छह अंग वाला) योग के प्रतीक मानल जाला। एह आध्यात्मिक यात्रा में छह गो प्रमुख तीर्थस्थान के दर्शन कइल जाला। ई स्थान बाड़ें—[[काशी विश्वनाथ मंदिर]], विशालाक्षी मंदिर, [[गंगा नदी]], [[काल भैरव मंदिर, बनारस|काल भैरव मंदिर]] (जवन बनारस के रक्षक देवता आ विशालाक्षी के भैरव मानल जालें), [[ढुंढिराज मंदिर]] ([[गणेश|गणेश जी]] के मंदिर) आ [[दंडपाणि मंदिर]] (शिव के एगो रूप के समर्पित)। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[अन्नपूर्णा देवी मंदिर]] * [[दुर्गा मंदिर, बनारस|दुर्गा मंदिर]] * [[मीनाक्षी मंदिर]] (मदुरै) == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{Temples in Varanasi|state=expanded}} {{बनारस}} [[श्रेणी:बनारस के हिंदू मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस के पर्यटक आकर्षण]] [[श्रेणी:देवी मंदिर]] [[श्रेणी:शक्ति मंदिर]] qt6b2fm6559rzy6orlssk4t1fp2wxcg 0 101005 814402 804221 2026-11-07T07:17:29Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rabia Sufi.jpg|thumb|पहिली औरत सूफी संत [[राबिया]] उमय्यद खिलाफत के दौर में रहली आ रचना कइली।]] '''सूफीवाद''' भा '''सूफ़ी वाद''' चाहे '''सूफी पंथ''' ({{Langx|ar|التصوف‎|translit=al-Taṣawwuf|rtl=yes}}; ''अल-तसव्वुफ़'') [[इस्लाम]] के भीतर बिकसित एगो रहस्यवादी (मिस्टिक) धार्मिक परंपरा हवे, जे इस्लामी आत्मशुद्धि, आध्यात्मिकता, साधना आ सादगीपूर्ण जीवन पर विशेष जोर देला।<ref> * {{cite web | url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6abbf78.html | title=Iran: Information on Sufism or Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) in Iran |website=Refworld |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627211813/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6abbf78.html|archive-date=27 June 2021|publisher=Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada|date=1 January 1991}} * {{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Cook |author-first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |date=May 2015 |title=Mysticism in Sufi Islam |url=https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-51 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion |location=[[Oxford]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.51 |isbn=9780199340378 |doi-access= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128012740/http://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-51 |archive-date=28 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=4 January 2022|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal|last=Anjum|first=Tanvir|date=2006|title=Sufism in History and its Relationship with Power |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20839016|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=45|issue=2|pages=221–268|doi=10.52541/isiri.v45i2.4632 |jstor=20839016|issn=0578-8072|url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite book|last=Sebottendorff|first=Baron Rudolf von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bV4oDwAAQBAJ|title=Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons: The Islamic Teachings at the Heart of Alchemy|date=17 January 2013|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-62055-001-4}} * {{Cite journal |last=Belhaj |first=Abdessamad |date=2013 |title=Legal Knowledge by Application: Sufism as Islamic Legal Hermeneutics in the 10th/12th Centuries |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43577536 |journal=Studia Islamica |volume=108 |issue=1 |pages=82–107 |doi=10.1163/19585705-12341276 |jstor=43577536 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref> सूफीवाद के अनुयायी लोग के '''सूफी''' चाहे '''सूफ़ी संत''' कहल जाला।<ref name="EI2">{{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Taṣawwuf |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[Leiden]] |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C. E. |volume=10 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 |isbn=978-90-04-11211-7 |author2=Radtke, B. |author3=Chittick, W. C. |author4=Jong, F. de. |author5=Lewisohn, L. |author6=Zarcone, Th. |author7=Ernst, C. |author8=Aubin, Françoise |author9=Hunwick, J. O. |author=Massington, L. |orig-date=2000 |editor1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. J. |editor2-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W. P. |editor3-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs}}</ref> इतिहासिक रूप से सूफी लोग आमतौर पर [[सूफी तरीका सभ|तरीका]] (बहुवचन: तुरुक) कहल जाए वाली आध्यात्मिक परंपरा भा सिलसिला से जुड़ल रहेला। ई सिलसिला सभ कवनो महान [[वली]] (संत) के आसपास संगठित होखेला, जे गुरु-शिष्य परंपरा के एगो कड़ी के रूप में [[मुहम्मद|हजरत मुहम्मद]] तक पहुँचे वाला आध्यात्मिक वंश से जुड़ल मानल जालें। एह परंपरा के उद्देश्य [[तज़किया]] (आत्मशुद्धि) हासिल कइल आ [[इहसान]] नामक उच्च आध्यात्मिक अवस्था तक पहुँचल होला।<ref name="Tariqa">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583591/tariqa |title=Tariqa |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=4 February 2014 |access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |title=The garden of truth: the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition |url=https://archive.org/details/gardenoftruthvis0000nasr |date=2008 |publisher=HarperOne |isbn=978-0-06-162599-2 |oclc=191932004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Back to Basics {{!}} Tazkiyah: An Introduction to Spiritually Blossoming This Islamic New Year |url=https://www.amaliah.com/post/66929/back-basics-tazkiyah-introduction-spiritually-blossoming-islamic-new-year |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Amaliah}}</ref> सूफी लोगन के अंतिम लक्ष्य [[अल्लाह]] के प्रसन्नता प्राप्त कइल मानल जाला। एह खातिर ऊ आत्मिक साधना के माध्यम से अपना मूल पवित्र आ स्वाभाविक अवस्था, जेकरा के [[फितरत]] कहल जाला, तक लौटे के प्रयास करेला।<ref name="AH Shadhili">{{cite book|author=Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili|author-link=Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili|title=The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=res8GwAACAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Islamic Texts Society|isbn=978-0-946621-57-6}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Sufism}} {{Wikiquote|Sufism}} {{Wikibooks|Sufism}} {{Islam topics}} {{authority control}} [[श्रेणी:सूफ़ी मत| ]] [[श्रेणी:इस्लाम]] [[श्रेणी:रहस्यवाद]] [[श्रेणी:गूढ़वाद]] {{Islam-stub}} ljf885fylmqy1279ufwe9lu3k7z677t 0 101019 813983 797166 2026-11-06T13:01:18Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शिक्षण विधि''' भा '''पढ़ावे के तरीका''' ({{Langx|en|Teaching Method}}) सिद्धांत आ तरीका सभ के एगो समूह हवे, जवना के इस्तेमाल टीचर विद्यार्थी के सीखला में मदद करे खातिर करेलन। ई रणनीति सभ कुछ हद तक पढ़ावल जाए वाला विषय, कुछ हद तक विद्यार्थी के ज्ञान आ दक्षता, आ कुछ हद तक सीखला के वातावरण से पैदा होखे वाली सीमाजन के आधार पर तय होले। कवनो शिक्षण विधि तबे उपयुक्त आ प्रभावी मानल जाले जब ऊ विद्यार्थी, विषयवस्तु के प्रकृति आ अपेक्षित सीखला के परिणाम के ध्यान में रखे। शिक्षण के तरीका के मोटे तौर पर शिक्षक-केंद्रित आ विद्यार्थी-केंद्रित दृष्टिकोण में बाँटल जा सकेला। हालाँकि व्यवहार में शिक्षक अक्सर विद्यार्थी के पूर्व ज्ञान, अनुभव आ सीखला के लक्ष्य के अनुसार एह दुनो तरीका के बीच संतुलन बनावत रहेलन। शिक्षक-केंद्रित शिक्षण में शिक्षक मुख्य अधिकार प्राप्त व्यक्ति होलें। एह मॉडल में विद्यार्थी के अक्सर अइसन व्यक्ति के रूप में देखल जाला जे मुख्य रूप से व्याख्यान आ प्रत्यक्ष निर्देश के माध्यम से जानकारी ग्रहण करेला। एह तरीका में शिक्षक के प्रमुख भूमिका ज्ञान आ सूचना के हस्तांतरण कइल होला। शिक्षण आ मूल्यांकन के अलग-अलग प्रक्रिया मानल जाला, आ विद्यार्थी के उपलब्धि के माप आमतौर पर लिखित परीक्षा आ वस्तुनिष्ठ मूल्यांकन के माध्यम से कइल जाला। एकरा विपरीत, विद्यार्थी-केंद्रित शिक्षण में शिक्षक आ विद्यार्थी दुनो सीखला के प्रक्रिया में सक्रिय भूमिका निभावेलन। एह तरीका के कई बेर अधिकारपूर्ण (ऑथोरिटेटिव) दृष्टिकोण भी कहल जाला। एहमें शिक्षक के मुख्य काम मार्गदर्शक आ सहायक के रूप में विद्यार्थी के सीखला आ समझ विकसित करे में मदद कइल होला। विद्यार्थी के प्रगति के मूल्यांकन औपचारिक आ अनौपचारिक दुनो माध्यम से कइल जाला, जइसे समूह परियोजना, विद्यार्थी पोर्टफोलियो आ कक्षा में सहभागिता। एह मॉडल में शिक्षण आ मूल्यांकन एक-दूसरा से जुड़ल रहेला, आ शिक्षक पढ़ावे के दौरान लगातार विद्यार्थी के सीखला के आकलन करत रहेलन। {{edu-stub}} 4xzb1ojmkswad2pd5kskwtmrxfql0go 0 101040 814384 805809 2026-11-07T07:16:05Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान | image = Subhadra Kumari Chauhan 1976 stamp of India.jpg | imagesize = | alt = Subhadra Kumari Chauhan | caption = चौहान पर जारी डाक टिकट | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|08|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[इलाहाबाद]], [[आगरा अवध संजुक्त प्रांत]], [[ब्रिटिश राज|ब्रिटिश भारत]]<br>(आज के [[इलाहाबाद]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], भारत) | death_date = {{Death date and age|1948|02|15|1904|08|16|df=yes}}<ref name="tiwari199p137">{{cite web|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan|url=https://allpoetry.com/Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan|publisher=All poetry|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref> | death_place = [[सिवनी]], [[सेंट्रल प्रोविंसेस एंड बरार]], [[भारत अधिराज्य]]<br>(आज के [[सिवनी जिला]], [[मध्य प्रदेश]], भारत) | occupation = [[कवि|कवयित्री]] | nationality = [[भारत के लोग|भारतीय]] | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = 1904–1948 | genre = कबिता | subject = [[हिंदी साहित्य]] | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = ठाकुर लक्ष्मण सिंह चौहान | partner = | children = 5 | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | website = | portaldisp = }} '''सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान''' (16 अगस्त 1904<ref>Rai, Alok (4 October 2008) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=97283 Chauhan (née Singh), Subhadra Kumarilocked (1904-1948)]. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. {{doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/97283}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html सुभद्रा कुमारी]. bharatdarshan.co.nz</ref> — 15 फरवरी 1948) हिंदी भाषा के भारतीय कवयित्री रहली। इनके प्रसिद्ध कविता ''[[झाँसी की रानी (कबिता)|झाँसी की रानी]]'' खातिर जानल जाला जेह में ई [[झाँसी के रानी|झाँसी के रानी लक्ष्मीबाई]] के बीरता के बखान लिखले बाड़ी।<ref name="Rathi 2017">{{cite news |last1=Rathi |first1=Nandini |title=On Jallianwala Bagh anniversary, this poem by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan is a must read |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/on-jallianwala-bagh-anniversary-this-poem-by-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-is-a-must-read-4611814/ |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rajaswi|first1=M.I.|title=Rashtrabhakt Kavyitri Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (Hindi)|date=2016|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-9384344375|edition=1}}</ref> कबिता के अलावा चौहान कहानी बिधा में रचना कइली। अपना रचना काल में ई करीबन 88 गो कबिता आ 46 ठे कहानी लिखली; कबिता सभ ''मुकुल'' आ ''त्रिधारा'' नाँव के संग्रह में, आ कहानी ''बिखरे मोती'', ''उन्मादिनी'', आ ''सीधे-सादे चित्र'' नाँव के संग्रह के रूप में बाड़ें। [[इलाहाबाद]] में जनमल चौहान के पढ़ाई ओहिजे क्रास्थवेट गर्ल्स स्कूल में भइल। 16 बरिस के उमिर में बियाह के बाद [[जबलपुर]] में रहे लगली; अपना पति के संघे [[महात्मा गाँधी|गांधी जी]] के [[असहयोग आंदोलन]] से जुड़ली आ स्वतंत्रता सेनानी के भूमिका में दू बेर जेल गइली। आगे चल के, भारत अधिराज्य (डोमिनियन ऑफ़ इंडिया) में मध्य प्रांत के बिधान सभा सदस्य बनली। 1948 में एगो कार दुर्घटना में इनकर निधन भइल। == जिनगी == सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के पैदाइश [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[इलाहाबाद]] (अब प्रयागराज) के निहालपुर गाँव में एगो [[राजपूत]] परिवार में भइल रहे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान: कौन हैं भारत की पहली महिला सत्याग्रही, जिनके लिए गूगल ने समर्पित किया डूडल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/education/who-is-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-why-google-released-a-doodle-to-honour-her-life |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> उनकर शुरुआती पढ़ाई क्रॉस्थवेट गर्ल्स स्कूल (इलाहाबाद) में भइल, जहाँ ऊ प्रसिद्ध कवयित्री [[महादेवी वर्मा]] से सीनियर आ उनकर घनिष्ठ सखी रहली। सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान 1919 में मिडिल स्कूल के परीक्षा पास कइली। ओही साल, जब उनकर उमिर करीबन सोरह बरिस रहे, उनकर बियाह ठाकुर लक्ष्मण सिंह चौहान से भइल, जे मध्य प्रांत (अब मध्य प्रदेश) के खंडवा के निवासी रहलें। बियाह के बाद ऊ [[जबलपुर]], मध्य प्रांत में जा के बस गइली। सुभद्रा आ लक्ष्मण सिंह के पाँच गो संतान भइल।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chauhan|first1=Subhadra Kumari|title=Subhadrakumari Chauhan Ki Sampoorna Kahaniyan|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Rajpal & Sons|location=New Delhi|edition=Hindi}}</ref> साल 1921 में सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान आ उनका पति, दुनों परानी, [[महात्मा गांधी]] के [[असहयोग आंदोलन]] में शामिल भ गइल लोग। एह आंदोलन में झंडा सत्याग्रह के आयोजन भइल, एह में [[नागपुर]] (कुछ जगह ई जबलोपुर मिले ला) में गिरफ्तारी देवे वाली ऊ पहिली महिला सत्याग्रही मानल जाली। [[ब्रिटिश राज|ब्रिटिश शासन]] के बिरोध में चलल आंदोलनन में सक्रिय भागीदारी के कारण उनका के 1923 आ 1942 में दू बेर जेलो जाये के पड़ल।<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan|url=https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/author47.html|website=www.bharatdarshan.co.nz|publisher=Bharat Darshan|access-date=27 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान तत्कालीन मध्य प्रांत के बिधान सभा के सदस्यो रहली।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wangchuk |first1=Rinchen Norbu |title=Ghoongat, Untouchability, Dowry: This Forgotten 'Jhansi Ki Rani' Fought Them All |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/219787/india-freedom-struggle-rani-of-jhansi-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-premchand-nor41/ |work=The Better India |date=13 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> 1948 में कार से [[नागपुर]] से [[जबलपुर]] लौटत समय, मध्य प्रदेश के [[सिवनी]] के नगीचे एगो सड़क दुर्घटना में उनकर निधन हो गइल। ओह समय ऊ बिधान सभा के अधिवेशन में भाग लेवे खातिर नागपुर गइल रहली, जे ओह समय मध्य प्रांत के राजधानी रहे, आ ओहिजे से लवटत रहली।<ref>{{cite news |title=आज का इतिहास: आज है सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान की पुण्यतिथि |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zee-hindustan/video/aaj-ka-itihas-death-anniversary-of-subhadra-kumari-chauhan/499045 |work=Zee Hindustan |date=15 February 2019 |language=hi}}</ref> == लेखन == सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान हिंदी कबिता के बिधा में कईयन ठे लोकप्रिय रचना लिखली। उनुकर पहिली कबिता ''नीम'' मात्र नौ बरिस के उमिर में इलाहाबाद से छपे वाली पत्रिका 'मर्यादा' में छपल। उनकर सबसे प्रसिद्ध कबितई वाली रचना ''[[झाँसी की रानी (कबिता)|झाँसी की रानी]]'' हवे, जे [[झाँसी के रानी|रानी लक्ष्मीबाई]] के जिनगी आ 1857 के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में उनके बीरतापूर्ण भूमिका के बहुते भावपूर्ण ढंग से चित्रित करे ले।<ref>{{cite news |last1=STP Team |title=Khoob Ladi … The Poem That Captures The Bravery Of Jhansi Ki Rani |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/sepia-stories/khoob-ladi-the-poem-that-captures-the-bravery-of-jhansi-ki-rani/ |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=SheThePeople.TV |date=5 September 2019}}</ref> ई कबिता हिंदी साहित्य के सबसे अधिक पढ़ल, सुनल आ गावल जाए वाली कबिता सभ में गिनल जाले। झाँसी के रानी के साहस, देशभक्ति आ संघर्ष के जीवंत चित्रण के कारण ई कबिता भारत के इस्कूलनो में ब्यापक रूप से पढ़ावल जाले।<ref name="Rathi 2017" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Poems of Bundelkhand|url=http://www.bundelkhand.in/POEM/khoob-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi|website=www.bundelkhand.in|publisher=Bundelkhand.In|access-date=27 June 2017|archive-date=20 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420141504/https://bundelkhand.in/POEM/khoob-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi|url-status=dead}}</ref> कविता के हर पद (अंतरा) के अंत में आवे वाला प्रसिद्ध दोहा-जइसन पंक्ति एह प्रकार बा— {{Quote|बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी,<br> खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी॥<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chauhan|first1=Subhadra Kumari|title=Jhansi ki rani|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/hindi-poem-khub-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi/|website=www.poemhunter.com|publisher=Poem hunter|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>}} {{quote box | border=2px | align=center | bgcolor = Cornsilk | title=झाँसी की रानी | halign=center | width = 33% | quote=<poem> सिंहासन हिल उठे राजवंशों ने भृकुटी तानी थी, बूढ़े भारत में भी आई फिर से नयी जवानी थी, गुमी हुई आज़ादी की कीमत सबने पहचानी थी, दूर फिरंगी को करने की सबने मन में ठानी थी। चमक उठी सन सत्तावन में, वह तलवार पुरानी थी, बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी॥ </poem> |salign=right |author= ''झांसी की रानी'' के सुरुआती लाइन }} सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] के [[खड़ी बोली]] रूप में लेखन कइली। उनकर भाषा सरल, सहज आ स्पष्ट रहे, जवना के कारण उनकर रचना आम पाठकन के बीच बहुत लोकप्रिय भइल। वीर रस से भरल कविता सभ के अलावा ऊ लरिकनो खातिर कबिता लिखली। एकरे साथे, ऊ मध्यम वर्ग के जीवन पर आधारित कई गो लघुकथा (कहानी) के भी रचना कइली। उनका कहानी सभ में मिडिल क्लास समाज, परिवार आ दैनिक जीवन से जुड़ल विषय सभ के सरल आ प्रभावशाली ढंग से प्रस्तुत कइल गइल बा।<ref>{{cite news |last1=अग्रवाल |first1=दीपाली |title=हिंदी की वह कवयित्री जो असहयोग आंदोलन में भाग लेने वाली पहली महिला भी थीं |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/hindi-poetess-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-life-poetry |access-date=15 अगस्त 2021 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]|language=hi}}</ref> {{quote box | border=2px | align=right | bgcolor = #F0F8FF | title= मेरी टेक | halign=center | width = 33% | quote=<poem> निर्धन हों धनवान, परिश्रम उनका धन हो। निर्बल हों बलवान, सत्यमय उनका मन हो। हों स्वाधीन गुलाम, हृदय मेंअपनापन हो। इसी आन पर कर्मवीर तेरा जीवन हो॥</poem> |salign=right |author= ''मेरी टेक'' के कुछ लाइन<ref name="राजभाषा" /> }} चौहान के आदर्श ऊँच दर्जा के रहल। उनुका मन में समाज के हर दर्जा खाती परेम रहल आ सभके उन्नति उनके आदर्श रहल। आपन एह भाव के ऊ अपना कबिता ''"मेरी टेक"'' में बहुत सहज भाषा में लिखले बाड़ी। चौहान समाज के एकता के पक्षधर रहली। उनुके मानल ई रहल कि देस के आजादी खाति सभ धर्म के लोगन के एक संघे आइल जरूरी बाटे: {{Quote|<poem> मेरा मंदिर, मेरी मस्जिद, काबा-काशी यह मेरी। पूजा-पाठ, ध्यान जप-तप है घट -घट वासी यह मेरी॥ कृष्णचंद्र की क्रीडाओं को, अपने आंगन में देखो। कौशल्या की मातृगोद को, अपने ही मन में लेखो॥ प्रभु ईसा की क्षमाशीलता, नबी मुहम्मद का विश्वास। जीव दया जिन पर गौतम की, आओ देखो इनके पास॥</poem> |author=''बालिका का परिचय'' से<ref name="राजभाषा" /> }} औरतन के भूमिका, खास क के, गांधी के असहयोग आंदोलन के दौरान आ देस की आजादी खातिर, उनुका नजर में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण रहल। औरतन के प्रबोधन में उनुकर लिखल ओज से भरल लाइन बाड़ी: {{Quote|<poem> सबल पुरुष यदि भीरु बनें, तो हमको दे वरदान सखी। अबलाएँ उठ पड़ें देश में, करें युद्ध घमासान सखी। पंद्रह कोटि असहयोगिनियाँ, दहला दें ब्रह्मांड सखी। भारत-लक्ष्मी लौटाने को, रच दें लंका कांड सखी॥<ref name="राजभाषा">[https://narakas.rajbhasha.gov.in/pdf/083/0830039.pdf माह के साहित्यकार - सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, राजभाषा दर्पण (मासिक बुलेटिन), नगर राजभाषा कार्यान्वयन समिति, फ़तेहपुर</ref> </poem>}} {{quote box | border=2px | align=right | bgcolor = #F0F8FF | title= | halign=center | width = 33% | quote=<poem> मैं बचपन को बुला रही थी, बोल उठी बिटिया मेरी। नंदन वन सी फूल उठी, वह छोटी सी कुटिया मेरी 'माँ ओ' कहकर बुला रही थी, मिट्टी खाकर आई थी। कुछ मुँह में कुछ लिए हाथ में, मुझे खिलाने लाई थी।</poem> |salign=right |author=''मेरा नया बचपन'' कबिता से |source=<ref name= "hindisamay" />}} ओज आ आदर्श से भरल कबिता के अलावा ऊ लरिकन खाती कबिता सभ के रचना कइली जे बाल-मनोबिज्ञान के पकड़ रखे लीं। {{Quote|text= <poem>यह कदंब का पेड़ अगर माँ होता यमुना तीरे। मैं भी उस पर बैठ कन्हैया बनता धीरे-धीरे॥</poem> |author=''"यह कदंब का पेड़"'' के सुरुआती लाइन<ref name="राजभाषा" /> }} अपना खुद के बिटिया के छोटपन के बड़ा मनोरम बरनन करत ''मेरा नया बचपन'' कबिता में लिखली। एह कबिता में माटी खा के आइल छोट बिटिया के मनोभाव आ महतारी के आपना बिटिया के तुतलात बोली पर निहाल हो जाए के बहुत सुघर आ मार्मिक बर्णन भइल बाटे।<ref name= "hindisamay">''"[https://www.hindisamay.com/content/10413/1/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8.cspx मेरा नया बचपन]"'', हिंदी समय, महात्मा गांधी अंतरराष्ट्रीय हिंदी विश्वविद्यालय के अभिक्रम, से</ref> == लोगन के कहनाम == आजादी के आंदोलन के दौरान सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के गरिफ्तारी पर प्रसिद्ध कवी [[मैथिली शरण गुप्त]] लिखलें: {{Quote frame |quote= "सत्याग्रह करने निकली हैं, भारत की कुल ललनायें।<br> अबलाओं को भी असह्य है, अब शासन की छलनाएँ॥" |author=[[मैथिली शरण गुप्त]] |title= |source=<ref name="राजभाषा" />}} मुक्तिबोध उनुके समीक्षा में कहे लें: {{Quote frame |quote="सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के साहित्य में जो स्वाभाविक प्रवाहमयी सरलता है और जो अहेतुक गंभीर मुद्रा का खटकता सा लगनेवाला अभाव है, उसका कारण है जीवन के उस मौलिक उद्वेग का राग, जिसने समाज में भिन्न-भिन्न रूप धारण किए। राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन उसका एक रूप था, उसकी एक अभिव्यक्ति थी। स्त्रियों की स्वाधीनता का प्रश्न उसका दूसरा रूप था और पतित जातियों का उत्थान तीसरा। ...कुछ विशेष अर्थों में सुभद्रा जी का राष्ट्रीय काव्य हिंदी में बेजोड़ है। क्योंकि उन्होंने उस राष्ट्रीय आदर्श को जीवन में समायित हुआ देखा है, उसकी प्रवृत्ति अपने अंतःकरण में पाई है, अतः वह अपने समस्त जीवन-संबंधों को उसी प्रवृत्ति की प्रधानता पर आश्रित कर देती हैं, उन जीवन संबंधों को उस प्रवृत्ति के प्रकाश में चमका देती हैं।" |author=[[गजानन माधव मुक्तिबोध]] |title= |source=हिंदी समय पर <ref>{{cite web |title=लेखक सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान का व्यक्तित्व SUBHADRA KUMARI CHAUHAN |url=https://hindisamay.com/writer/सुभद्रा-कुमारी-चौहान-SUBHADRA-KUMARI-CHAUHAN.cspx?id=1380 |website=hindisamay.com |publisher=महात्मा गांधी अंतरराष्ट्रीय हिंदी विश्वविद्यालय}}</ref>}} मुक्तिबोध आगे कहे लें कि: {{Quote frame |quote= "सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान नारी के रूप में ही रहकर साधारण नारियों की आकांक्षाओं और भावों को व्यक्त करती हैं। बहन, माता, पत्नी के साथ-साथ एक सच्ची देश सेविका के भाव उन व्यक्त किए हैं। उनकी शैली में वही सरलता है, वही अकृत्रिमता और स्पष्टता है जो उनके जीवन में है। उनमे एक ओर जहाँ नारी-सुलभ गुणों का उत्कर्ष है, वहीं दूसरी ओर स्वदेश प्रेम और देशाभिमान भी है जो एक क्षत्रिय नारी में होना चाहिए।" |author=[[गजानन माधव मुक्तिबोध]] |source=नेमिचंद्र जैन (सं.). ''मुक्तिबोध रचनावली''. भाग-5, राजकमल पेपरबैक्स, नईदिल्ली, पृ.सं. 370<ref name="apnimaati" />}} उनुके घनिष्ठ सहेली [[महादेवी वर्मा]] उनुके जीवन के करीब से देखले रहली। वर्मा के कहनाम बाटे: {{Quote frame |quote= "वे राजनीतिक जीवन में ही विद्रोहिणी नहीं रही,अपने पारिवारिक जीवन में भी उन्होंने विद्रोह को सफलतापूर्वक उतारकर उसे सृजन का रूप दिया।" |author=[[महादेवी वर्मा]] |title= |source=प्रतीक मिश्र. ''सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान''. उत्तर प्रदेश हिंदी संस्थान. लखनऊ. (2006) पृ.सं. 40<ref name="apnimaati" />}} बाद में नया जमाना के लेखक-लेखिका लोग भी चौहान के बारे में आपन राय दिहले बा। आधुनिक लेखिका [[चित्रा मुद्गल]] के कहनाम बा: {{Quote frame |quote= "सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान की स्वाधीनता विषयक कलम की शहादत भगत सिंह की शहादत की तरह बार-बार याद करने की है।" |author=[[चित्रा मुद्गल]] |title= |source=प्रतीक मिश्र. ''सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान''. उत्तर प्रदेश हिंदी संस्थान. लखनऊ. (2006) पृ.सं. 42<ref name="apnimaati" />}} आधुनिक समीक्षक सुमन राजे कहे ली: {{Quote frame |quote= "सुभद्रा जितनी बड़ी साहित्य-योद्धा थी उससे अधिक बड़ी स्वातंत्र्य योद्धा थी। उनका जीवन देश के लिए त्याग की अप्रतिम कथा है। साहित्य-सृजन में उन्होंने बच्चों से लगाकर बड़ों और वृद्धों तक के लिए राष्ट्रीय कविताएं रची और राष्ट्रीय कविताएं रचने के संकल्प में उन्हें जहां जो उपकरण उपलब्ध हुआ, उसका भरपूर उपयोग किया। जीवन और कविता दोनों को ही उन्होंने समग्रता में जिया। स्त्री के सभी रूप बालिका, प्रेमिका, पत्नी, बहन और मां, उनके जीवन में भी और कविता में भी दिखायी देते है। पूरे वैभव और संवेदना के साथ उतरे हैं। सभी में सूत्र बदला राष्ट्रीय भावना की है। जीवन और कविता की ऐसी पारस्परिक ता बहुत कम देखी जाती है। वे अपनी कविताएं जीवन की तरह जीते हैं और जीवन कविता की तरह लिखती हैं।" |author=सुमन राजे |title= |source=''हिंदी साहित्य का आधा इतिहास'', [[भारतीय ज्ञानपीठ]]. नई दिल्ली. पृष्ठ सं. 252<ref name="apnimaati">{{cite web |last1=मीणा |first1=आशा |title=21वीं सदी के संदर्भ में सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान की काव्य चेतना |url=https://www.apnimaati.com/2025/09/21_30.html |website=apnimaati.com |publisher=अपनी माटी |access-date=12 जून 2026 |language=hi |format=शोध आलेख - वेब पर |date=30 सितंबर 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के बेटी सुधा, उनुकर आ अपने पिता के संजुक्त जीवनी ''मिला तेज से तेज'' के नाँव से लिखली, जे इलाहाबाद के हंस प्रकाशन द्वारा छापल गइल। सुधा के बियाह प्रसिद्ध हिंदी-उर्दू के लेखक [[प्रेमचंद]] के लइका अमृत राय से भइल रहल। == विरासत आ यादगार == सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के सम्मान में भारतीय कोस्ट गार्ड के एगो जहाज ICGS Subhadra Kumari Chauhan के नाम उनकर नाम पर रखल गइल बा।<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-pakistan-plan-hotline-on-maritime-security/article3154123.ece India, Pakistan plan hotline on maritime security — NATIONAL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215549/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-pakistan-plan-hotline-on-maritime-security/article3154123.ece |date=2014-05-12 }}. ''The Hindu'' (29 April 2006). Retrieved on 2018-12-13.</ref> एकरे अलावा, मध्य प्रदेश सरकार जबलपुर नगर निगम के दफ्तर के सोझाँ सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के एगो मुर्ती भी स्थापित करवले बा। 6 अगस्त 1976 के इंडिया पोस्ट उनका यादगार में एगो डाक टिकट जारी कइलस।<ref>{{cite web |title=Subhadra Kumari Chauhan |url=http://www.stampsathi.in/php/public/stamps-gallery.php?page=71 |website=Stamp Sathi |access-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223245/http://www.stampsathi.in/php/public/stamps-gallery.php?page=71 |archive-date=15 December 2018}}</ref> 16 अगस्त 2021 के, उनकर 117वीं जयंती के अवसर पर Google अपना विशेष डूडल के माध्यम से सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के सम्मानित कइलस।<ref name="Subhadra Kumari on Google Doodle">{{cite web | title=Google Honours India's First Woman Satyagrahi, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, With A Doodle | website=NDTV | date=16 August 2021 | url=https://ndtv.com/india-news/google-honours-indias-first-woman-satyagrahi-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-with-a-doodle-2511195%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816163456/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/google-honours-indias-first-woman-satyagrahi-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-with-a-doodle-2511195?amp=1&akamai-rum=off | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 August 2021 | access-date=16 August 2021 }}</ref> एह अवसर पर गूगल कहलस कि सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के कविता आजुओ भारत के अनेक विद्यालयन में पढ़ावल जाला आ ऐतिहासिक प्रगति के प्रतीक के रूप में देखल जाला। उनकर रचना नई पीढ़ी के सामाजिक अन्याय के खिलाफ आवाज उठावे आ ओह शब्दन के सम्मान करे खातिर प्रेरित करेली, जिनका देश के इतिहास के आकार देवे में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवले बा।<ref name="Subhadra Kumari Chauhan's Google Doodle">{{cite web | title=Subhadra Kumari Chauhan's 117th Birthday | date=16 August 2021 | url=https://doodles.google/doodle/subhadra-kumari-chauhans-117th-birthday/ | access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> == रचना == सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के सभसे प्रसिद्ध कविता ''झाँसी की रानी'' ह जेह में ई झाँसी के रानी लक्ष्मीबाई के बीरता के बखान लिखले बाड़ी। एकरा अलावा इनके अउरी परसिद्ध कबिता सभ में ''वीरों का कैसा हो वसंत'', ''मेरी टेक'', ''मेरा नया बचपन'', ''यह कदंब का पेड़'' आ ''खिलौनेवाला'' बाड़ी स। कबिता के अलावा चौहान कहानी बिधा में रचना कइली। अपना रचना काल में ई करीबन 88 गो कबिता आ 46 ठे कहानी लिखली; कबिता सभ ''मुकुल'' आ ''त्रिधारा'' नाँव के संग्रह में, आ कहानी ''बिखरे मोती'', ''उन्मादिनी'', आ ''सीधे-सादे चित्र'' नाँव के संग्रह के रूप में बाड़ें। === कबितई में रचल चीज === ;कबिता संग्रह: सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान के कुल दू गो कबिता संग्रह छपल रहलें।<ref name="राजभाषा" /> * ''मुकुल'' * ''त्रिधारा'' ;कुछ प्रमुख कबिता: * ''[[झांसी की रानी (कबिता)|झांसी की रानी]]'' * ''खिलौनेवाला'' * ''वीरों का कैसा हो वसंत'' * ''मेरी टेक'' * ''मेरा नया बचपन'' * ''यह कदंब का पेड़'' * ''ठुकरा दो या प्यार करो'' === कहानी बिधा में रचना === ;कहानी संग्रह: चौहान के कुल तीन गो कहानी संग्रह बाड़ें।<ref name="राजभाषा" /> * ''बिखरे मोती'' * ''उन्मादिनी'' (1934) * ''सीधे-सादे चित्र'' ;उल्लेखनीय कहानी<ref name="राजभाषा" /> ''बिखरे मोती'' पहिला कहानी संग्रह रहल जे में 15 गो कहानी — ''भग्नावशेष'', ''होली'', ''पापी पेट'', ''मछलीरानी'', ''परिवर्तन'', ''दृष्टिकोण'', ''कदंब के फूल'', ''किस्मत'', ''मछुये की बेटी'', ''एकादशी'', ''आहुति'', ''थाती'', ''अमराई'', ''अनुरोध'', आ ''ग्रामीणा'' कहानी रहलीं। ''उन्मादिनी'' में कुल 9 गो कहानी रहली स — ''उन्मादिनी'', ''असमंजस'', ''अभियुक्त'', ''सोने की कंठी'', ''नारी हृदय'', ''पवित्र ईर्ष्या'', ''अंगूठी की खोज'', ''चढ़ा दिमाग'', आ ''वेश्या की लड़की''। ''सीधे सादे चित्र'' इनकर अंतिम कहानी संग्रह हवे। एह संग्रह में — ''रूपा'', ''कैलाशी नानी'', ''बिआल्हा'', ''कल्याणी'', ''दो साथी'', ''प्रोफेसर मित्रा'', ''दुराचारी'' आ ''मंगला'' कहानी मुख्य रूप से नारी प्रधान आ पारिवारिक समस्या पर लिखल बाड़ी स। जबकि एही संग्रह में ''हींगवाला'', ''राही'', ''तांगे वाला'', आ ''गुलाबसिंह'' कहानी बाड़ी जिनहन के बिसय राष्ट्र प्रेम बाटे। == पुरस्कार आ सम्मान == * सेकसरिया पारितोषिक, (१९३१) हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन, प्रयाग द्वारा - कबिता संग्रह ''मुकुल'' खाती।<ref name="राजभाषा" /> * सेकसरिया पारितोषिक (१९३२) दुसरा बेर, हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन, प्रयाग द्वारा - कहानी संग्रह ''बिखरे मोती'' खाती।<ref name="राजभाषा" /> == इहो देखल जाय == * [[झाँसी के रानी]] * [[महादेवी वर्मा]] * [[मैथिलीशरण गुप्त]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == अउरी पढ़े लायक == * {{cite book |title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literature of India |author=Nalini Natarajan, Emmanuel Sampath Nelson |year=1996 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=0-313-28778-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfSPI2irzUgC&q=subhadra+kumari+chauhan&pg=PA146 }} * {{cite book |author=Experts, Saraswati|title=Purak Pustak Series: Amrit Sanchay-Subhadra Kumari Chauhan |year=2016 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-7335-997-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vms_DAAAQBAJ |language=hi}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Subhadra Kumari Chauhan}} {{wikisourcelang|hi|लेखक:सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान|सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान}} * [https://www.hindwi.org/poets/subhadrakumari-chauhan-2/profile सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान का परिचय], हिंदवी.कॉम पर {{in lang|hi}} * [https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/82795/1/Unit-10.pdf सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान और उनकी कविता], इग्नू के अद्ध्ययन सामग्री, ई-ज्ञानकोश पर {{in lang|hi}} * [https://narakas.rajbhasha.gov.in/pdf/083/0830039.pdf माह के साहित्यकार — सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, राजभाषा दर्पण (मासिक बुलेटिन), नगर राजभाषा कार्यान्वयन समिति, फ़तेहपुर {{in lang|hi}} * [https://www.apnimaati.com/2025/09/21_30.html 21वीं सदी के संदर्भ में सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान की काव्य चेतना], आशा मीणा, apnimaati.com पर शोध आलेख। {{in lang|hi}} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027173647/http://geocities.com/dakshina_kan_pa/art31/women6.htm |date=27 October 2009 |title=Great Women of India - SUBHADRA KUMARI CHAUHAN (1904-1948)}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118033310/http://www.historytalking.com/hindi.htm Short note and recitation of the poem Jhansi Ki Rani] * [http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/41054-Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan-Jhansi-Ki-Rani--With-English-Translation- Jhansi Ki Rani English Translation By Qazi Muhammad Ahkam] * [http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan] at ''Bharat Darshan'' {{Authority control}} [[श्रेणी:1904 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1948 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के कवि]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के कहानीकार]] [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के लोग]] byot4snxy22dx9dx3l07fsyjy9k3cng 0 101043 814245 798928 2026-11-06T16:07:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = सिद्धार्थ नगर रेलवे स्टेशन | type = [[भारतीय रेल]] स्टेशन | style = Indian Railways | image = Siddharth-nagar-Railway-station.jpg | image_caption = इस्टेशन के में गेट आ सहन | address = स्टेशन रोड, [[नौगढ़, सिद्धार्थनगर|सिद्धार्थ नगर]], [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | country = India | coordinates = {{coord|27.2747|83.0884|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}} | map_type = India#India Uttar Pradesh | line = | other = ऑटो स्टैंड | elevation = {{convert|91|m|ft}} | structure = स्टैंडर्ड (ऑन-ग्राउंड स्टेशन) | platform = 3 | depth = | levels = | tracks = 4 | parking = Yes | bicycle = Yes | opened = | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = yes | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = SDDN | zone = [[पूर्बोत्तर रेलवे]] | division = {{rwd|लखनऊ}} }} | owned = [[भारतीय रेल]] | operator = [[पूर्बोत्तर रेलवे]] | status = सिंगल इलेक्ट्रिक लाइन | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | mpassengers = | services = गोरखपुर, लखनऊ, दिल्ली, मुंबई, पीलीभीत, बहराइच, नरकटियागंज खातिर ट्रेन मिल सके लीं। }} '''सिद्धार्थ नगर रेलवे स्टेशन''' [[पूर्बोत्तर रेलवे]] के [[लखनऊ रेल डिवीजन|लखनऊ रेल मंडल]] में पड़े वाला एगो महत्वपूर्ण रेलवे स्टेशन बाटे जे भारतीय राज्य [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] में [[नौगढ़, सिद्धार्थनगर|सिद्धार्थ नगर]] (पुरान नाँव नौगढ़) कस्बा के मुख्य रेलवे स्टेशन हवे। ए स्टेशन के कोड '''SDDN''' हवे।<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/naugarh-nuh/4093| title=NUH/Naugarh | website=India Rail Info}}</ref> ई इस्टेशन [[गोरखपुर]]-[[बढ़नी बजार]]-[[बलरामपुर]]-[[गोंडा]]-[[लखनऊ]] लाइन पर पड़े ला। == इतिहास == गोरखपुर-गोण्डा लूप मीटर गेज खंड के निर्माण के क्रम में 15 जनवरी 1905 के उसका बाजार-बढ़नी खंड बन के तइयार होखले के साथे नौगढ़ रेलवे स्टेशन अस्तित्व में आइल रहे।<ref name="उजाला" /> तब एकरा के छोटी लाइन कहल जाव। बाद में, करीबन 110 साल बाद साल 2015 में एकर लाइन चौड़ीकरण पूरा भइल आ ई बड़ी लाइन के रूप में पूरा देस से जुड़ गइल।<ref name="उजाला" /> == नाँव बदलाव आ नवीनीकरण == [[चित्र:Kala-Namakst-all-at-Siddharthnagar-Station.jpg|thumb|left|'वन स्टेशन वन प्रोडक्ट' के दुकान, [[कालानमक चाउर]] [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] फेमस प्रोडक्ट हवे।]] सिद्धार्थ नगर के पुरान नाँव नौगढ़ रेलवे स्टेशन आ टीशन कोड '''NUH''' रहल जेकरा के 2020 में बदल के नया नाँव सिद्धार्थनगर रेलवे स्टेशन आ कोड '''एसडीडीएन''' (SDDN) कइल गइल।<ref>{{cite web |title=पूर्वोत्तर रेलवे के परिपत्र |url=https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1581079781373-General26.pdf |website=ner.indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=14 जून 2026 |archive-date=2024-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824081134/https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1581079781373-General26.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="जागरण20">{{cite news |last1=शुक्ला |first1=सतीश |title=अब सिद्धार्थनगर के नाम से जाना जाएगा नौगढ़ रेलवे स्टेशन, जानें-क्‍यों हो रही थी परेशानी Gorakhpur News - Now Naugarh railway station will be known as Siddharthnagar |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-now-naugarh-railway-station-will-be-known-as-siddharthnagar-19980377.html |access-date=14 जून 2026 |work=[[दैनिक जागरण]] |date=29 जनवरी 2020 |language=hi}}</ref> अमृत भारत योजना के तहत स्टेशन के कायाकल्प साल 2025 में भइल आ नया सुबिधा से लैस एह स्टेशन के लोकार्पण रेलमंत्री पीयूष गोयल ऑनलाइन बीडियो कान्फ्रेंसिंग के जरिये कइलेन।<ref name="उजाला">{{cite news |last1=शुक्ला |first1=विवेक |title=115 साल पुराने नौगढ़ रेलवे स्टेशन का नाम बदला, अब इस नाम से होगी पहचान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/naugarh-railway-station-is-now-named-siddharthnagar-station |access-date=14 जून 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]] |date=5 अक्टूबर 2020 |language=hi}}</ref> नवीनीकरण आ सुंदरीकरण के काम 2026 ले जारी रहल। एह नवीनीकरण में स्टेशन के पुरनका भवन के नया रूप दिहल गइल, कई नई सुबिधा, जइसे कि [[फुट ओभर-ब्रिज]], बनावल गइल।<ref name="हिन्दुस्तान" /> स्टेशन के दक्खिन ओर पड़े वाल (प्लेफार्म नं. 3 के पाछे के हिस्सा) स्टेशन के पछिला हिस्सा रहल जहाँ गड़हा आ गंदगी रहल। एहिजे सफाई आ सुधार कइल गइल आ एहू ओर टिकट खिड़की बनावल गइल जेवना से कि शहर के दक्खिनी हिस्सा में रहे वाला लोग एहू ओर से टिकट ले सके आ ट्रेन पकड़ सके। एकरा पहिले मेन गेट की ओर जाए खातिर रेलवे-क्रासिंग पार करे के पड़े, जेकरा चलते लोगन के बहुत परेशानी होखे।<ref name="हिन्दुस्तान">{{cite news |title=रेलवे स्टेशन की खाली पड़ी जमीनों के बहुरेंगे दिन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/siddhart-nagar/story-siddharthnagar-railway-station-modernization-under-amrit-bharat-scheme-new-facilities-coming-in-2026-201767215147541.html |access-date=14 जून 2026 |work=www.livehindustan.com |date=1 जनवरी 2026 |language=hi}}</ref> {{Clear}} == आसपास के स्टेशन == * [[आनंद नगर जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[बढ़नी बजार रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[गोंडा जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] * [[गोरखपुर जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] == इहो देखल जाय == * [[सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] * [[पिपरहवा|कपिलवस्तु (पिपरहवा)]] * [[कालानमक चाउर]] * [[ककरहवा]]-बॉर्डर * [[सिद्धार्थ विश्वविद्यालय]] == संदर्भ == {{reflist}} {{Railway stations in Uttar Pradesh}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के रेलवे स्टेशन]] [[श्रेणी:सिद्धार्थनगर जिला]] [[श्रेणी:लखनऊ एनईआर रेलवे डिवीजन]] {{rail-transport-stub}} qau25qht0l9b80zpzye9lqgxz0zqfz0 0 101058 813946 802699 2026-11-06T12:58:38Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|शकीरा (2023)]] '''शकीरा इसाबेल मेबारक रिपोल''' एगो मशहूर कोलंबियाई गायिका, गीतकार आ डांसर हई। उनुका के "लैटिन संगीत के रानी" कहल जाला।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zarczynski |first=Andrea |title=As Latin Music Booms, Grammy Museum Honors Shakira |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreazarczynski/2023/04/30/as-latin-music-booms-grammy-museum-honors-shakira/ |access-date=2026-06-15 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> उनुकर जन्म 2 फरवरी 1977 के [[कोलंबिया]] में भइल रहे। ऊ आपन शानदार गाना आ डांस खातिर पूरा दुनिया में बहुत मशहूर बाड़ी। ऊ दुनिया भर में ''हिस्पानोफोन'' ([[स्पेनिश भाषा|स्पेनी भाषा]] बोले वाला) संगीत के पॉपुलर बनावे के श्रेय पावेली, जवना से वैश्विक स्तर पर स्पेनी भाषा के सीखे आ इस्तेमाल करे में बढ़ोतरी भइल। एकरा साथे, अंतरराष्ट्रीय संगीत बाजार में दुसरा लैटिन कलाकारन खातिर राह खोले के श्रेय भी उनकरा के दिहल जाला। उनकरा चार गो [[ग्रैमी अवार्ड]] आ 15 गो लैटिन ग्रैमी पुरस्कार मिल चुकल बा। शकीरा 14 बरिस के उमिर में सोनी म्यूजिक कोलंबिया के साथे अपना सिंगिंग करियर के शुरुआत कइली। ''पिएस देस्काल्जोस'' (1995) आ ''दोन्दे एस्तान लोस लाद्रोनेस?'' (1998) एल्बम से ऊ व्यापक पहचान हासिल कइली। उनकर पहिल अंग्रेजी एल्बम ''लॉन्ड्री सर्विस'' (2001) दुनिया भर में 1.3 करोड़ से बेसी कॉपी बिकाइल आ ई कवनो लैटिन महिला कलाकार के सबसे बेसी बिकाये वाला एल्बम बन गइल। एह सफलता के बाद उनकर स्पेनी भाषा के एल्बम ''फिखासियोन ओराल'', खंड 1 (2005), ''साले एल सोल'' (2010), ''एल दोरादो'' (2017) आ ''लास मुहेरेस'' या ''नो योरान'' (2024) सभे बिलबोर्ड टॉप लैटिन एल्बम्स चार्ट पर पहिला स्थान हासिल कइलें। एह उपलब्धि के साथे शकीरा चार अलग-अलग दशक में एह चार्ट पर नंबर एक एल्बम देवे वाली पहिली महिला कलाकार बन गइली। उनकर अंग्रेजी एल्बम ''ओरल फिक्सेशन'', खंड 2 (2005), ''शी वुल्फ'' (2009) आ ''शकीरा'' (2014) के भी दुनिया भर में प्लैटिनम दर्जा मिलल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1977 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:कोलंबिया]] {{Singer-stub}} 8axk6cthxyh05e6xw69um7zjpj5x0pr 0 101073 813927 798784 2026-11-06T12:57:16Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Technical title}}{{for|गणित के कांसेप्ट|वैरिएबल}} [[कंप्यूटर प्रोग्रामिंग]] में '''वैरिएबल''' अइसन नामित स्थान भा कांसेप्ट होला, जहाँ कवनो डेटा भा मान के स्टोर कइल जाला। ई मान ज्ञात भा अज्ञात दुनो हो सकेला। सरल शब्दन में, वैरिएबल कवनो विशेष प्रकार के डेटा—जइसे पूर्णांक (इंटीजर), दशमलव संख्या (फ्लोट), स्ट्रिंग आदि—के रखे वाला नामित पात्र (कंटेनर) हवे। कुछ प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा, जइसे BASIC, Python आ Ruby, में वैरिएबल के अधिक सटीक रूप से कवनो मान से जुड़ल नाम मानल जाला। एह भाषा सभ में मेमोरी के आवंटन (मेमोरी एलोकेशन) के काम इंटरप्रेटर भा रनटाइम सिस्टम अपने आप संभालेला, एहसे प्रोग्रामर के सीधे मेमोरी प्रबंधन करे के जरूरत ना पड़ेला। कवनो वैरिएबल अंततः कंप्यूटर के मेमोरी में मौजूद कवनो पता (मेमोरी एड्रेस) से जुड़ल हो सकेला। आमतौर पर वैरिएबल के नाम के उपयोग करके संग्रहीत मान तक पहुँचल जाला। नाम आ मान के ई अलगाव एह बात के संभव बनावेला कि वैरिएबल के नाम के उपयोग ओह जानकारी से स्वतंत्र रूप में कइल जा सके जे एकरा में रखल गइल बा। कंप्यूटर प्रोग्राम के स्रोत कोड में वैरिएबल के नाम (आइडेंटिफायर) के निष्पादन (रन टाइम) के दौरान कवनो मान से जोरल जा सकेला। एह कारण प्रोग्राम चले के दौरान वैरिएबल के मान बदल भी सकेला। [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर बिज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:कंप्यूटर टर्मावली]] {{Comp-sci-stub}} requq5fm3k2vrb0eg1if14hvihj6rqy 0 101111 813998 799044 2026-11-06T13:02:32Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813998 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Shiv lingam Tripundra.jpg|thumb|right|[[योनी]] रुपी अथरा में शिवलिंग, त्रिपुंड के चीन्हा के साथे।]] {{Saivism}} [[हिंदू धर्म]] के [[शैव मत|शैव परंपरा]] में '''शिवलिंग''' हिंदू देवता भगवान [[शिव]] के एगो चीन्हा-रूप (अमूर्त) आ निराकार (अनाइकोनिक) रूप ह।<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite encyclopedia |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/342336/lingam |title= lingam |year= 2010 |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date= 23 June 2022 |archive-date= 4 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150504222257/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/342336/lingam |url-status= live }}</ref> एकरा के '''लिंग''' भा '''लिंगम्''' के नाँव से जानल जाला आ [[शिव]] के प्राथमिक रूप से पूजा एही रूप में कइल जाला। लिंगम् (लिङ्ग) के शाब्दिक अर्थ "निशान", "चीन्हा", "प्रतीक" भा "लक्षण" होला। लिंगम् शब्द के जिकिर उपनिषद आ महाकाव्य साहित्य में मिलेला, जहाँ एकर अर्थ चिह्न, संकेत, प्रतीक, विशेषता, प्रमाण, साक्ष्य भा लक्षण बतावल गइल बा। शिव के संदर्भ में ई शब्द भगवान शिव आ उनकर दिव्य शक्ति के निशानी आ प्रमाण के रूप में इस्तेमाल होला। शैव परंपरा में शिवलिंग भगवान शिव के एगो छोट बेलनाकार (खंभा जइसन) चीन्हा हवे। ई पाथर, धातु, रत्न, लकड़ी, माटी भा कौनों दूसर कीमती पत्थर से बनावल जाला। शिवलिंग के आमतौर पर एगो गोलाकार अथरा (आधार) पर स्थापित कइल जाला, जेकरा के [[योनी]] कहल जाला। योनी, शिवलिंग के स्त्री-चीन्हा मानल जाले।<ref name="Beltzp204">{{cite journal | last=Beltz | first=Johannes | title=The Dancing Shiva: South Indian Processional Bronze, Museum Artwork, and Universal Icon | journal=Journal of Religion in Europe | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | volume=4 | issue=1 | date=2011-03-01 | doi=10.1163/187489210x553566 | pages=204–222 | s2cid=143631560 }}</ref> ई आधार समतल आ गोलाकार होखेला, जबकि शिवलिंग एकरा बीचा में सीधा खड़ा रहेला। एह आधार के बनावट अइसन होले कि पूजा के समय चढ़ावल गइल जल, दूध आ अन्य अर्पित पदार्थ आसानी से बह के एक ओर निकल जास। शिवलिंग सृजन (उत्पत्ति) आ संहार (विनाश) — दुनो शक्ति के चीन्हा मानल जाला। हालाँकि एकर संबंध [[शिश्न|पुरुष जननांग]] के रूप से भी जोड़ल गइल बा, लेकिन हिंदू दर्शन में शिवलिंग के मुख्य रूप से निराकार परम सत्य के बाहरी जगत में चीन्हा मानल जाला। दार्शनिक दृष्टि से, शिवलिंग प्रकृति (मूल पदार्थ) आ पुरुष (शुद्ध चेतना) के मिलन के चीन्हा हवे। लिंग-योनि के रूप सृष्टि के मूल सिद्धांत के दर्शावेला, जहाँ स्त्री आ पुरुष शक्ति के एकता से सृजन, पालन आ पुनःसृजन के शाश्वत प्रक्रिया चलत रहेला। एह प्रकार शिवलिंग आ योनि के संयुक्त रूप सूक्ष्म जगत (माइक्रोकोसम) आ विशाल ब्रह्मांड (मैक्रोकोसम) के एकता, सृष्टि के अनंत चक्र, आ स्त्री-पुरुष शक्ति के मिलन के चीन्हा मानल जाला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:शिव]] [[श्रेणी:शैव मत]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदू धर्म]] {{hinduism-stub}} pwjydv2sc2vedu6piu2kokumkyv7qr3 0 101117 814251 800138 2026-11-06T16:08:00Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिनॉप्टिक जलवायु बिज्ञान''' ({{Langx|en|Synoptic climatology}}), [[वायुमंडलीय बिज्ञान]] के अंतर्गत [[जलवायु बिज्ञान]] के एगो उपशाखा हवे। एहमें स्थानीय भा क्षेत्रीय [[जलवायु]] के, बड़ स्तर के भा वैश्विक वायुमंडलीय परिसंचरण के प्रतिरूप (पैटर्न) से जोड़ के अध्ययन कइल जाला। ''सिनॉप्टिक'' शब्द [[प्राचीन यूनानी भाषा]] के "सिनॉप्टिकोस" शब्द से बनल बा, जेकर अर्थ "एक साथ देखल" भा "समग्र रूप से देखल" होला। एह कारण सिनॉप्टिक जलवायु बिज्ञान के मुख्य मकसद लोकल आ क्षेत्रीय जलवायु के वायुमंडलीय परिसंचरण से जोड़ के बिस्लेषण कइल बा। एकरा के वायुमंडलीय परिसंचरण (पूरा पृथिवी के वायुमंडल के सर्कुलेशन) के आधार पर जलवायु के अध्ययन भी कहल जाला। ई शाखा वायुमंडलीय सर्कुलेशन, मौसम संबंधी घटना आ जलवायु में पावल जाए वाली क्षेत्रीय भिन्नता के बीच के संबंध पर विशेष जोर देले। सिनॉप्टिक जलवायु बिज्ञान के [[सिनॉप्टिक मौसम बिज्ञान]] से घनिष्ठ संबंध बा। [[श्रेणी:जलवायु बिज्ञान]] [[श्रेणी:वायुमंडल बिज्ञान]] {{Climate-stub}} knkq66p074a4ypiqzpw1gdnnzqu8e3t 0 101225 814129 800847 2026-11-06T15:50:43Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital | name = सफदरजंग अस्पताल | former_names = विलिंगडन अस्पताल (1939–1945) | image_name = | image_size = | caption = | motto = | founded = {{start date and age|1942}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Hospital {{!}} SJH |url=https://vmmc-sjh.nic.in/forms/contentpage_hospital.aspx?lid=1214 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=vmmc-sjh.nic.in}}</ref> | type = [[सरकारी अस्पताल|सरकारी]] [[शिक्षण अस्पताल]] | affiliation = [[वर्धमान महावीर मेडिकल कॉलेज]] | location = [[रिंग रोड, दिल्ली|रिंग रोड]], [[नई दिल्ली]] | state = | country = [[भारत]] | website = [https://vmmc-sjh.nic.in/Default_Hospital.aspx] | logo = }} '''सफदरजंग अस्पताल''' ({{Langx|en|Safdarjung Hospital}}; पुरान नाँव: '''विलिंग्डन हॉस्पिटल'''; ''Willingdon hospital'') भारत के [[नई दिल्ली]] में एगो मल्टी-स्पेशलिटी अस्पताल बाटे। बेड के गिनती के आधार पर ई भारत सरकार के सबसे बड़हन सेंट्रल अस्पताल हवे। ई वर्धमान महावीर मेडिकल कॉलेज से संबद्ध बा। ई रिंग रोड पर, [[एम्स (दिल्ली)|अखिल भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान संस्थान (AIIMS), नई दिल्ली]] के ठीक सोझहीं स्थित बा। एकर अस्थापना 1942 में भइल रहे। {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[एम्स (दिल्ली)]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Safdarjung Hospital}} * [http://vmmc-sjh.nic.in/Default_Hospital.aspx Safdarjung Hospital & Medical College Official website] [[श्रेणी:नई दिल्ली]] [[श्रेणी:दिल्ली के अस्पताल]] gt250vedv7o40hhazf6gn2f5ygglbrw 0 101245 813888 801638 2026-11-06T12:54:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = विश्व-भारती यूनिवर्सिटी | image = Visva-Bharati University 1971 stamp of India.jpg | caption = विश्वविद्यालय पर 1971 में जारी भारतीय डाक टिकट | image_upright = .6 | motto = {{lang|sa|yatra viśvaṃ bhavatyekanīḍam}} | motto_eng = जहाँ पूरा विश्व एके नीड़ में आपन घर बनावेला | established = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1921}}}} | founders = [[रवींद्रनाथ ठाकुर]] | type = {{ulist|[[सेंट्रल यूनिवर्सिटी (भारत)|केंद्रीय यूनिवर्सिटी]]|[[राष्ट्रीय महत्व के संस्थान]]}} | chancellor = [[भारत के प्रधानमंत्री]] | accreditation = {{hlist|[[राष्ट्रीय मूल्यांकन आ प्रत्यायन परिषद|NAAC]] | [[भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद|ICAR]]}} | vice_chancellor = | rector = पच्छिम बंगाल के राज्यपाल | head_label = [[विजिटर]] | head = [[भारत के राष्ट्रपति]] | budget = {{INRConvert|377.83|c|1|lk=on}}<br />{{small|(2024{{ndash}}25)}}<ref name=nirf_stud /> | academic_staff = 488 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/> | students = 4,814 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2026 |url=https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/home/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Visva-Bharati20260406-.pdf |publisher=Visva Bharati}}</ref> | undergrad = 3,749 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/> | postgrad = 3,068 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/> | doctoral = 1,004 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/> | city = [[शांतिनिकेतन]] | state = [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] | country = भारत | coordinates = {{coord|23|40|50.92|N|87|40|48.44|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline, title}} | campus = [[कॉलेज नगर|रिमोट सिटी]]<br />{{Convert|4.57|sqkm|sqmi}} | academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[यूनिवर्सिटी अनुदान आयोग|UGC]]|[[भारतीय यूनिवर्सिटी संघ|AIU]]|[[कॉमनवेल्थ यूनिवर्सिटी संघ|ACU]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.acu.ac.uk/membership/acu-members/asia |title=Association of Commonwealth Universities Membars-Asia |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116100430/https://www.acu.ac.uk/membership/acu-members/asia |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[राष्ट्रीय अध्यापक शिक्षा परिषद|NCTE]]}} | colours = {{color box|#E49B0F}} गैम्बोज पीयर | mascot = [[हरिना]] (कोमलता आ एकता) | free_label = अखबार | free = ''द विश्व-भारती न्यूज'' | logo = Visva-Bharati Badge.svg | logo_upright = .8 | logo_size = 200px | website = {{Official URL}} {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = शांतिनिकेतन | designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(iv)(vi)}}(iv)(vi) | designation1_date = 2023 <small>(45वाँ [[बिस्व धरोहर कमेटी|सत्र]])</small> | designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1375 1375] }} }}'''विश्वभारती''' ([[आईएएसटी]]: Viśva-Bhāratī) भारत के [[पच्छिम बंगाल]] राज्य के [[शांतिनिकेतन]] में एगो पब्लिक सेंट्रल यूनिवर्सिटी आ राष्ट्रीय महत्व के संस्थान बाटे। एकर नेंइ 8 [[पूस]] 1325 (24 दिसंबर 1918) के [[रवींद्रनाथ ठाकुर]] रखले रहलें। ऊ एह संस्था के नाम विश्व-भारती रखले रहलें, जेकर मतलब भारत आ दुनिया के मिलन बतावल जाला। भारत के आजादी से पहिले ई एगो कॉलेज भर रहे। आजादी मिलला के कुछे दिन बाद, 1951 में [[भारत के संसद|संसद]] से पारित एगो कानून के तहत एह संस्था के [[सेंट्रल यूनिवर्सिटी (भारत)|केंद्रीय यूनिवर्सिटी]] के दर्जा दे दिहल गइल।<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/education/college-and-university/tagores-vision-of-an-institution/article2987625.ece| title = Tagore's Vision of an Institution |work= Colleges |first=Sumit| last= Bhattacharjee| publisher = The Hindu, 26 March 2012 |access-date =11 September 2019| date = 26 March 2012 }}</ref> {{clear}} == इहो देखल जाय == * [[शांतिनिकेतन]] * [[भारत के सेंट्रल यूनिवर्सिटी सभ के लिस्ट]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत के सेंट्रल यूनिवर्सिटी]] [[श्रेणी:भारत के विश्वविद्यालय आ कालेज]] {{university-stub}} cavu9p8x9x1fpita65unqt386jv3xn7 0 101318 813985 803947 2026-11-06T13:01:25Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = शिक्षा मंत्री | body = | native_name = {{transliteration|hi|Śikṣā Mantrī}} | flag = Flag of India.svg | flagsize = 100px | flagborder = yes | flagcaption = [[भारत के झंडा]] | insignia = Ministry of Education India.svg | insigniasize = 150px | insigniacaption = भारत सरकार के शिक्षा मंत्रालय के लोगो | alt = | incumbent = [[प्रह्लाद जोशी]] | incumbentsince = 26 जुलाई 2026 | type = भारत सरकार के कार्यपालिका शाखा के सदस्य | department = [[शिक्षा मंत्रालय (भारत)|शिक्षा मंत्रालय]] | style = माननीय | member_of = [[भारत के केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल]]<br>[[भारत के संसद]] | reports_to = [[भारत के राष्ट्रपति]]<br>[[भारत के प्रधानमंत्री]]<br>[[भारत के संसद]] | residence = | seat = कर्तव्य भवन-2, [[नई दिल्ली]] | nominator = [[भारत के प्रधानमंत्री]] | appointer = [[भारत के राष्ट्रपति]] | appointer_qualified = [[भारत के प्रधानमंत्री|प्रधानमंत्री]] के सलाह पर | termlength = 5 बरिस (फेर से नियुक्ति हो सकेला) | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | formation = 15 अगस्त 1947 | first = [[मौलाना अबुल कलाम आजाद]] | last = | abolished = | succession = | abbreviation = | unofficial_names = | deputy = | salary = | website = | image = | imagesize = 220px }} '''शिक्षा मंत्री''', जेकरा के 1985 से 2020 तक '''मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्री''' कहल जात रहे, [[भारत सरकार]] के शिक्षा मंत्रालय के मुखिया होलें। ऊ केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल के सदस्य होलें आ भारत सरकार के केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल के महत्वपूर्ण मंत्रालयन में से एगो के जिम्मेदारी सँभारेलें। जुलाई 2026 से एह पद पर [[प्रह्लाद जोशी]] कार्यभार निभावत बाड़ें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:भारत सरकार]] {{India-gov-stub}} qn2lo0b3ud150wbd07hubd87qr7sgm5 0 101371 814191 803748 2026-11-06T15:57:04Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''साई पल्लवी सैंथामरइ कन्नन''' (जनम: 9 मई 1992) एगो भारतीय एक्ट्रेस बाड़ी, जे मुख्य रूप से तमिल आ तेलुगु फिलिमन में काम करेली। साई पल्लवी कई गो अवार्ड हासिल कइले बाड़ी। एह में तमिलनाडु राज्य फिलिम अवार्ड, सात गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड साउथ आ तीन गो [[साउथ इंडियन इंटरनेशनल मूवी अवार्ड]] (SIIMA) शामिल बा। 2021 में तमिलनाडु सरकार उनकरा के कलैमामणि सम्मान से नवाजलस। मुख्य एक्ट्रेस के रूप में साई पल्लवी के एक्टिंग करियर 2015 में मलयालम रोमांटिक फिलिम ''प्रेमम'' से शुरू भइल। एह फिलिम में उनकर एक्टिंग के खूब सराहना मिलल आ उनकरा बेस्ट फीमेल डेब्यू – साउथ के फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड मिलल। 2017 में ऊ ''फिदा'' फिलिम से [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में कदम रखली, जवना खातिर उनकरा बेस्ट एक्ट्रेस – तेलुगु के फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड मिलल। साई पल्लवी ''काली'' (2016), ''मिडिल क्लास अब्बायी'' (2017), ''मारी 2'' (2018), ''पावा कधाइगल'' (2020), ''लव स्टोरी'' (2021), ''श्याम सिंघा रॉय'' (2021), ''गार्गी'' (2022), ''अमरन'' (2024) आ ''थंडेल'' (2025) जइसन फिलिमन में एक्टिंग कइले बाड़ी। उनकर गीत "राउडी बेबी" यूट्यूब पर एक अरब (1 बिलियन) से अधिक बार देखल जाए वाला पहिलका दक्षिण भारतीय बीडियो गीत बनल। गार्गी, अमरन आ लव स्टोरी में उनकर एक्टिंग खातिर उनकरा क्रमशः तमिल आ तेलुगु श्रेणी में बेस्ट एक्ट्रेस के फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड मिलल। जबकि श्याम सिंघा रॉय आ विराट पर्वम (2022) में उनकर एक्टिंग खातिर उनकरा फिल्मफेयर क्रिटिक्स अवार्ड फॉर बेस्ट एक्ट्रेस – तेलुगु से सम्मानित कइल गइल। 2020 में [[फोर्ब्स मैगजीन|फोर्ब्स पत्रिका]] उनकरा के भारत के "30 अंडर 30" के सूची में शामिल कइलस। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:1992 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{actress-stub}} 5mrw9du6dr9ad3jbqg75zkh8bn5lceh 0 101377 814369 803830 2026-11-07T07:14:52Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{तिरछा}} [[File:Moreshwar.jpg|thumb|upright|''मयूरेश्वर'' रूप में रिद्धी आ सिद्धी के संघे [[गणेश]], मोरेगाँव। समर्थ रामदास गणेश के एही रूप के आधार बना के परसिद्ध भजन लिखले रहलन।]] '''''सुखकर्ता दुखहर्ता''''' ({{Langx|mr|सुखकर्ता दु:खहर्ता}}) भगवान [[गणेश]] के समर्पित एगो बहुत लोकप्रिय [[मराठी]] [[आरती]], [[भजन]] आ भक्तिगीत ह। एह आरती के रचना संत [[समर्थ रामदास]] (1608–1682 ईस्वी) कइले रहलें।<ref name="vijay">{{cite web | url=http://www.lokprabha.com/20120217/shree-ramdas06.htm | title=समर्थाची टाकळी | publisher=[[इंडियन एक्सप्रेस]] | work=Lokprabha | date=17 February 2012 | accessdate=23 January 2015 | author=विजय गोळेसर}}</ref> [[महाराष्ट्र]] में [[गणेश पूजा]] के शुरुआत में गावल जाए वाला सबसे प्रचलित आ लगभग हर जगह गावल जाए वाला आरती सभ में ई आरती शामिल बा। खास तौर पर [[गणेश चउथ|गणेश चतुर्थी]] के पर्व के दौरान आ महाराष्ट्र के गणेश मंदिरन में एह आरती के बहुत श्रद्धा से गावल जाला।<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/mumbai-streets-echo-ganpati-bappa-morya-210447-2013-09-08 | title=Ganesh Chaturthi: Mumbai streets echo Ganpati Bappa Morya | work=[[इंडिया टुडे]] | date=September 9, 2013 | access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:गणेश]] [[श्रेणी:भजन]] {{hinduism-stub}} 6bc0tig9yfeph1kh4c621ufuj4pbqgu 0 101387 814215 803875 2026-11-06T15:59:21Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सावन के सोमार''' ({{Langx|hi|श्रावण का सोमवार}}) [[हिंदू कलेंडर]] के [[सावन]] महीना के [[सोमार]] दिन होखे लें; ई हिंदू धर्म में बिसेस शुभ सोमार मानल जालें। आमतौर प सोमार के शिव के पूजा के दिन (वार) मानल जाला आ सावन (श्रावण) महीना के शिव के महीना मानल जाला; एह दुनों के कंबीनेशन में पड़े वाला - सावन के महीना आ सोमार दिन - अउरी बिसेस हो जालें।<ref>{{cite news |title=Sawan Phela Somwar 2026: सावन के पहले सोमवार पर बन रहा सुकर्मा योग, जानिए शुभ मुहूर्त, पूजा- विधि और उपाय |url=https://www.jansatta.com/religion/sawan-first-somwar-2026-august-3-shubh-muhurat-puja-vidhi-upay-and-importance/4644408/ |access-date=2 अगस्त 2026 |work=Jansatta |date=2 अगस्त 2026 |language=hi}}</ref> बहुत सारा हिंदू लोग एह सोमार सभ के बरत (उपवास भा भुक्खल) रखे ला। आमतौर प सावन के महीना में चार गो सोमार पड़े लें बाकी कभी-कभार पाँच गो सोमार पड़ जालें। 2024 में सावन में पाँच गो सोमार पड़ल रहलें जब महीना के सुरुआत आ अंत दुनों सोमार के भइल रहल।<ref>{{cite news |title=सावन में पांच सोमवार, पांच राजयोग और पांच योग का बन रहा संयोग, मनोरथ पूर्ति अनुष्ठान आज से |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/coincidence-of-five-mondays-five-rajyoga-and-five-yogas-in-sawan-2024-07-22 |access-date=2 अगस्त 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]] |date=22 जुलाई 2024 |language=hi}}</ref> == इहो देखल जाय == * [[सावन]] * [[सोमार]] * [[शिव]]-[[पार्वती]] == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू तिहुआर]] [[श्रेणी:सावन महीना के तिहुआर]] {{hinduism-stub}} 4evq1jc9k1e06ribzg94nsza5ob1bxu 0 101526 814440 805103 2026-11-07T07:49:02Z SM7Bot 7808 सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = सैंड्रो बॉटिचेली<br><small>Sandro Botticelli</small> | image = Sandro Botticelli 083.jpg | caption = साइत खुद के बनावल पोर्ट्रेट ''[[एडोरेशन ऑफ़ दि मैगी (बॉटिचेली, 1475)|एडोरेशन ऑफ़ दि मैगी]]'' (1475) में। | birth_name = अलेस्सांद्रो दी मारियानो दी वान्नी फ़िलिपेपी <br> (Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi) | birth_date = {{circa|1445}}<ref name="Ettl">Ettlingers, 7. Other sources give 1446, 1447 or 1444–45.</ref><!-- Please do not change this because there is no reliable source for his date of birth. If you believe you have confirmable date, please present it at the article talk page first. --> | birth_place = [[फ़्लोरेंस]], फ़्लोरेंस रिपब्लिक {{small|(अब इटली)}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1510|5|17|1445|||mf=y}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Sandro Botticelli – Biography and Legacy |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/botticelli-sandro/life-and-legacy/ | website=theartstory.org}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Botticelli in the Florence of Lorenzo the Magnificent | first1=Bruce |last1=Edelstein |publisher=Sotheby's |date=Dec 21, 2020 | url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/botticelli-in-the-florence-of-lorenzo-the-magnificent}}.</ref> | death_place = [[फ़्लोरेंस]], फ़्लोरेंस रिपब्लिक | field = [[पेंटिंग]] (चित्रकारी) | training = फिलिप्पो लिप्पी | movement = [[इटैलियन रेनेसां]] | works = ''[[प्राइमावेरा (पेंटिंग)|प्राइमावेरा]]'' <br> ''[[दि बर्थ ऑफ़ वीनस]]'' | patrons = | influenced = | awards = | module = {{Infobox person|child=yes | signature = Botticelli Sandro 1444-1510 01 deWP.jpg}} }} '''अलेस्सांद्रो दी मारियानो दी वान्नी फ़िलिपेपी''' जिनका के परसिद्ध नाँव '''सैंड्रो बॉटिचेली''' ({{Langx|en|Sandro Botticelli}}){{efn|Botticelli के उच्चारन मूल इतालवी भासा में '''बॉटिचेली''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|ɒ|t|ɪ|ˈ|tʃ|ɛ|l|i}} {{respell|BOT|ih|CHEL|ee}}; {{IPA|it|ˈsandro bottiˈtʃɛlli|lang}}) होला हालाँकि, गलती से c देख के कुछ लोग एकर देवनागरी रूप बॉटिकेली भा बॉटिसेली लिख देवे ला। मूल इटैलियन उच्चारण के सभसे करीब 'च' के उच्चारण हवे। नाँव के पाछे के कहानी ई हवे कि इनके सभसे बड़का भाई के नाँव जियोवानी (Giovanni) रहलन जे बहुत मोट, गोल-मटोल आ भारी-भरकम रहलें। उनुके एह किसीम के शारीरिक बनावट के कारन लोकल लोग मज़ाक में, रिगावे खाती, उनुका के 'बॉटिसेलो' (Botticello) कहे लागल, जेकर इतालवी भाषा में मतलब 'पीपा' भा 'बैरल' होला। धीरे-धीरे ई उपनाम पूरे परिवार के संघे जुड़ गइल आ अब जबकी अलेस्सांद्रो अपना भाई से बहुत छोट रहलें, उनके 'बॉटिचेली' कहल जाए लागल जेकर मतलब छोटहन पीपा भा बैरल होखी।<ref name="britannica_online">{{cite web |last1=Lightbown |first1=Ronald W. |title=Sandro Botticelli {{!}} Biography, Paintings, Birth of Venus, Primavera, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sandro-Botticelli |website=www.britannica.com |publisher=[[ब्रिटैनिका एन्साइक्लोपीडिया]] |access-date=14 सितंबर 2026 |language=en |date=29 अगस्त 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> इनकर पूरा नाँव अंग्रेजी में Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi लिखल जाला।|group = lower-alpha}} मध्यकालीन [[इटली]] में सुरुआती [[रेनेसां]] के दौर के एगो चित्रकार (पेंटर) रहलें। बॉटिचेली के जनम इटली के [[फ़्लोरेंस]] शहर में भइल रहे आ उनुके बाबूजी चमड़ा के काम (टैनिंग) करें, बॉटिचेली के सोनार के इहाँ अप्रेंटिस के रूप में भेजल गइल बाकी उनुके पेंटिंग में रुचि देख के अंत में फ़्लोरेंस के सभसे बेहतरीन कलाकार फिलिप्पो लिप्पी के चेलहाई में भेज दिहल गइल। बॉटिचेली के बनावल कई पेंटिंग उनुके जिनगिये में परसिद्ध भइली स बाकी बाद में उनुके ओतना पहिचान ना रहि गइल। जब 19वीं सदी में प्री-रफ़ाएलिस्ट लोगन द्वारा उनुके काम के दोबारा से समालोचना कइल गइल तबसे उनके असली परसिद्धि हासिल भइल जे आजुओ बा। इनके माइथोलैजिकल कथा सभ के आधार बना के रचल पेंटिंग ''वीनस एंड मार्स'' आ ''[[बर्थ ऑफ़ वीनस]]'' सभसे परसिद्ध रचना हई स। एकरे अलावा ईसाई धरम आधारित काम परसिद्ध बाने काहें कि बॉटिचेली अपना पेंटिंग के कैरियर के सुरुआत चर्च आ कैथेड्रल सभ में फ्रेस्को (देवाल पर चित्रकारी) बनावे से कइले रहलें।<ref name="nationalgallery">{{cite web |title=Sandro Botticelli (about 1445 - 1510) {{!}} National Gallery, London |url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/sandro-botticelli |website=www.nationalgallery.org.uk |publisher=[[दि नेशनल गैलरी]] |access-date=14 सितंबर 2026 |language=en}}</ref> {{clear}} == नोट == {{notelist|group=lower-alpha}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:इटली के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:फ़्लोरेंस के लोग]] {{artist-stub}} kco2w59o0ehkzwb90wgxnkkyg2tcmyx 0 101570 813996 805612 2026-11-06T13:02:22Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = शिवप्रसाद सिंह | birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1928|08|19}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1998|09|28|1928|08|19}} | birth_place = [[जलालपुर, गाजीपुर|जलालपुर]], [[वाराणसी जिला|बनारस जिला]], [[संयुक्त प्रांत|संयुक्त प्रांत (यूपी)]], ब्रिटिश भारत | language = [[हिंदी भाषा|हिंदी]] | education = [[बनारस हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय]] | notable_works = ''[[गली आगे मुड़ती है]]'', ''[[अलग-अलग वैतरणी]]'', ''वैश्वानर'', ''नीला चाँद'' | occupation = लेखक, कथाकार, उपन्यासकार, एकेडेमिक | awards = {{awd|[[साहित्य अकादमी अवार्ड]]}}शरद सम्मान <br>व्यास सम्मान }} '''शिवप्रसाद सिंह''' (19 अगस्त 1928 – 28 सितंबर 1998) हिंदी भाषा के लेखक रहलें। इनके मुख्य रूप से कहानी आ उपन्यास लेखक के रूप में जानल जाला। [[बनारस]] के लगे [[भोजपुरी क्षेत्र]] में जनमल सिंह के उपन्यास आ कहानिन में देहात के बिबिध रूप देखे के मिले लें आ इनके कहानी हिंदी के पहिली 'आंचलिक' कहानी मानल जाला। ''[[गली आगे मुड़ती है]]'' आ ''[[अलग-अलग वैतरणी]]'' इनके सभसे प्रसिद्ध उपन्यास हवें; जहाँ पहिला के 'सिटी-फिक्शन' कहल जा सके ला, दुसरका गाँव के परिवेश में रचल उपन्यास हवे। ''कर्मनाशा की हार'' इनके परसिद्ध कहानी हवे जे लमहर समय से यूपी बोर्ड के सिलेबस में पढ़ावत जा रहल बाटे। बनारस के ऊपर रचल ''वैश्वानर'' आ ''नीला चाँद'' इनके दूसर प्रमुख उपन्यास हवें। ''नीला चाँद'' खाती इनके [[साहित्य अकादमी अवार्ड]] मिलल। एकरा अलावा इनके परसिद्ध व्यास सम्मान से समानित कइल गइल रहल। सिंह बीएचयू में हिंदी बिभाग में लेक्चरार ज्वाइन कइलें आ अहिजे से प्रोफ़ेसर के रूप में रिटायर भइलें; बीएचईएल में पढ़ाई आ नोकरी के एह दौर में इनके साहित्यिक समालोचना आ अउरी अकादमिक काम हिंदी खाती महत्व के चीज मानल जाला। खास क के मध्य जुग के रचनिहार लोगन पर इनके काम - जेह में मैथिली के सभसे परसिद्ध कवी [[विद्यापति]] पर आ ब्रजभाषा साहित्य प इनके काम गिनावल जा सके ला। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:1928 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1998 में निधन]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के कहानीकार]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के उपन्यासकार]] [[श्रेणी:बनारस के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:हिंदी-भाषा के लेखक]] {{Writer-stub}} 6tqezm0b5fdpj4vfyt4qik95f4huzrl 0 101658 814104 806043 2026-11-06T15:05:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* इहो देखल जाय */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image|perrow = 2/2/2/2/2|total_width=390 | image1 = Nissan Tsuru taxi Mexico Ciudad.jpg | image2 = Left side of Flying Pigeon.jpg | image3 = | image4 = Fuel truck tanzania.jpg | footer = Examples of road transport: Nissan Tsuru (B13) (एगो [[कार]]), Flying Pigeon roadster ([[साइकिल]]), Scania R440 (एगो [[ट्रक]]).}} '''सड़क परिवहन''' भा '''रोड ट्रांसपोर्ट''' ({{Langx|en|road transport}}) [[सड़क]] के इस्तेमाल से होखे वाला [[परिवहन]] के एगो प्रकार ह। सड़क पर आवागमन के मोटा-मोटी दू गो श्रेणी में बाँटल जा सकेला—समान के ढोवाई आ लोगन के आवागमन। बहुत देशन में लाइसेंस के नियम आ सुरक्षा संबंधी कानून के जरिए एह दुनो काम खातिर अलग-अलग व्यवस्था बनावल जाला। सड़क पर साइकिल, मोटरगाड़ी, बस, ट्रक या घोड़ा आ बैल जइसन जानवरन के मदद से आवागमन कइल जा सकेला। रोमन, फारसी, एजटेक आ दोसरा शुरुआती साम्राजन में सड़क के मानक नेटवर्क बनावल गइल रहे। एह तरह के सड़क नेटवर्क के साम्राज्य के एगो खास विशेषता मानल जा सके ला। समान के ढुलाई ट्रकिंग कंपनियन के माध्यम से हो सके ला, जबकि यात्रियन के आवागमन सार्वजनिक परिवहन के जरिए करावल जा सके ला। आधुनिक सड़कन के आम विशेषता में तय कइल गइल लेन आ सड़क संकेत शामिल बाड़ें। सड़क के कई तरह के कटेगरी होलीं। एहमें एके सतह पर बनल चौराहा वाला दू-लेन के स्थानीय सड़क से लेके अइसन कंट्रोल्ड-एंट्री वाला हाइवे आ एक्सप्रेसवे तक शामिल बाड़ें, जहाँ दुसर सड़कन के यातायात खातिर अलग-अलग लेवल पर रास्ता बनावल गइल रहे ला। == सड़क परिवहन के साधन== * [[साइकिल]] * [[साइकिल रेक्शा]] * [[ई-रेक्शा]] * [[बस]] * [[कार]] * [[ट्रक]] == इहो देखल जाय == * [[भारत में सड़क]] [[श्रेणी:सड़क परिवहन| ]] [[श्रेणी:परिवहन]] {{Road-stub}} {{transport-stub}} 0p8d5ou809gb2hbgnkll7lj8tj70z7l 0 101679 813874 806255 2026-11-06T12:53:07Z SM7Bot 7808 /* बाहरी कड़ी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Will Durant | image = Will Durant 1.jpg | image_size = | caption = 1967 में दुरंट | birth_name = <!-- use only if different than 'name' --> | birth_date = {{Birth date |1885|11|5}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|नॉर्थ एडम्स, मैसाचुसेट्स,}} अमेरिका | death_date = {{Death date and age |1981|11|7|1885|11|5}} | death_place = लास एंजेलिस, कैलीफोर्निया, अमेरिका | resting_place = Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery | occupation = {{flatlist| * Historian * writer * philosopher * teacher }} | genre = गैर-फिक्शन | subject = [[इतिहास]], [[फिलासफी]], धर्म (रेलिजन) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Ariel Durant|Ariel Kaufman Durant]]|1913|1981|reason=died}} | children = Ethel Durant | education = [[सेंट पीटर्स यूनिवर्सिटी|Saint Peter's College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], 1907)<br>[[कोलंबिया यूनिवर्सिटी]] ([[PhD]], 1917) }} '''विलियम जेम्स डरेंट''' ('''William James Durant''', {{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|r|æ|n|t}};5 नवंबर 1885 — 7 नवंबर 1981) एगो अमेरिकी इतिहासकार आ दार्शनिक रहलें। ऊ अपना 11 खंड वाली किताब ''[[दि स्टोरी ऑफ सिविलाइजेशन]]'' खातिर सबसे बेसी जानल जालें। एह किताब में पूरबी आ पच्छिमी सभ्यतन के इतिहास के बिस्तार से बतावल गइल बा। ई किताब उनकर पत्नी '''एरियल ड्यूरेंट''' के सहयोग से लिखल गइल रहे आ 1935 से 1975 के बीच छपल। एकरा पहिले ऊ ''[[दि स्टोरी ऑफ फिलॉसफी]]'' (1926) खातिर चर्चा में आइल रहलें। एह किताब के “एगो अइसन क्रांतिकारी रचना बतावल गइल बा, जे दर्शन के लोकप्रिय बनावे में मदद कइलस।” डुरंट [[फिलासफी]] के समग्र दृष्टिकोण, यानी हर चीज के पूरा रूप में देखे के तरीका, मानत रहलें। ऊ एह विचार के ''सब स्पेसीए टोटियस'' कहलें, जेकर मतलब मोटा-मोटी “समग्रता के दृष्टिकोण से” होला। एह वाक्यांश के प्रेरणा [[स्पिनोजा]] के ''सब स्पेसीए एटर्निटाटिस'' से मिलल रहे, जेकर मोटा-मोटी अर्थ “शाश्वतता के दृष्टिकोण से” होला।<ref>{{cite web|last= Durant |first= Will |title= What is Philosophy? |url= http://www.willdurant.com/philosophy.htm |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101228120611/http://www.willdurant.com/philosophy.htm |archive-date= December 28, 2010 }}</ref> डुरंट इतिहास के विशाल ज्ञान-भंडार के एकजुट आ मानवीय रूप देवे के कोशिश कइलें। ई ज्ञान समय के साथ बहुत बढ़ गइल रहे आ अलग-अलग विशिष्ट विषयन में बँट गइल रहे, जेकरा के आम लोग आसानी से ना समझ सकत रहे। ऊ एह ज्ञान के समकालीन जीवन में इस्तेमाल लायक आ प्रासंगिक बनावे चाहत रहलें।<ref> {{cite book | last= Durant | first = Will | title= Our Oriental Heritage | year= 1935 | publisher= Simon & Schuster | page = vii}} </ref> उनकर आ उनकर पत्नी एरियल के काम के सफलता के चलते, 1968 में दुनो लोग के संजुक्त रूप से [[पुलित्जर प्राइज|पुलित्जर पुरस्कार फॉर जनरल नॉनफिक्शन]] आ 1977 में प्रेसिडेंशियल मेडल ऑफ फ्रीडम से सम्मानित कइल गइल। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == {{Commons category|Will Durant}} {{wikiquote|Will Durant}} * [http://www.willdurant.net/ The Will Durant Timeline Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120901192801/http://www.pulitzer.org/awards/1968 The Pulitzer Prizes: 1968] * [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Will-Durant-and-Ariel-Durant "Durant, Will and Durant, Ariel."] Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service (Accessed May 14, 2005) * {{Gutenberg author | id=Durant,+Will }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Will Durant}} * {{Librivox author |id=14441}} * {{Citation | title = Articles | url = http://www.willdurant.com/articles.htm | archive-date = May 17, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110517124520/http://www.willdurant.com/articles.htm | publisher = Will Durant Foundation}}, preserved at the [[Internet Archive]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070914093643/http://www.cloudcraft.com/knowledge/ Will Durant's list of One Hundred Best Books for an Education] * [https://www.studium.com/books/durant.html Links to Each of Will Durant's 100 Best Books for an Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401160741/http://www.studium.com/books/durant.html |date=April 1, 2023 }} * {{IMDb name|243887}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:1885 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:1981 में निधन]] {{writer-stub}} g7o3zqn4t8361pjoeohsmg4vb3tv0tn 0 101710 814346 806834 2026-11-07T05:37:05Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Shell Island 1985.jpg|thumb|किसिम-किसिम के सीपी-घोंघा आ शंख जिनहन के अंग्रेजी में सीशेल कहल जाला]] '''सीपी''' भा '''सीप''' ({{Langx|en|shell}}) चाहे '''समुद्री सीप''' (seashell), जेकरा एगो खास प्रजाति के '''सितुही''' भी कहल जाला, एगो कठोर बाहरी परत ह, जे आमतौर पर [[समुंदर]] में रहे वाला कवनो जीव के देह के सुरक्षा देला। अधिकतर समुद्री सीप [[मोलस्क]] (molluscs) जइसन जीव बनावेलें, जइसे [[घोंघा]], क्लैम आ सीप ([[ऑयस्टर]]), ताकि ऊ अपना नरम भीतरी हिस्सा के सुरक्षा कर सकें। खाली समुद्री सीप अक्सर समुंदर के किनारे बालू पर मिलेला, जहाँ लोग समुंद्र तट पर घूमत-फिरत इनका बटोरत बा। ई सीप खाली एह से हो जालें कि जीव मर गइल होला आ ओकर नरम हिस्सा सड़-गल गइल होला भा कवनो दुसर जीव ओकरा के खा गइल होला। समुद्री सीपी आमतौर पर इनवर्टिब्रेट जीव (invertebrate), यानी बिना रीढ़ के हड्डी वाला जीव के बाहरी कंकाल (exoskeleton) ह। ई मुख्य रूप से [[कैल्शियम कार्बोनेट]] (Calcium Carbonate) आ कुछ हद तक काइटिन (chitin) से बनल होला। समुंदर के किनारे मिले वाला अधिकतर सीप समुद्री मोलस्क के होला। एकर एगो कारण ई बा कि ई सीप आमतौर पर कैल्शियम कार्बोनेट से बनल होलें आ काइटिन से बनल सीप के तुलना में अधिक टिकाऊ होलें। [[श्रेणी:समुंद्री जीव]] {{biology-stub}} l1jnqi3930b5nbemgszbshbe5g2noaf 0 101747 814331 807367 2026-11-07T05:36:09Z SM7Bot 7808 /* top */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिविल कैलेंडर''' ({{Langx|en|Civil Calendar}}) भा '''नागरिक कैलेंडर''' अइसन [[कैलेंडर]] ह, जेकर इस्तेमाल कवनो देश में सिविल (नागरिक), सरकारी भा प्रशासनिक काम-काज खातिर कइल जाला। कवनो देश में एक भा एक से बेसी कैलेंडर के इस्तेमाल एह मकसद से हो सके ला। आमतौर पर लोग आ निजी संगठन भी रोज-रोज के काम खातिर सिविल कैलेंडर के इस्तेमाल करे लें। दुनिया में सबसे बेसी चलनसार सिविल कैलेंडर आ [[डी फैक्टो स्टैंडर्ड|बेहवार में अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानक]] [[ग्रेगोरियन कैलेंडर]] (Gregorian Calendar) ह। 1582 में [[पोप ग्रेगरी तेरहवाँ]] एह कैलेंडर के कैथोलिक देशन में लागू करे के घोषणा कइले रहलें। बाद में सुविधा के चलते कई सेकुलर आ गैर-ईसाई देश भी एहके अपना लिहलें, हालाँकि कुछ देश आजुओ दुसर कैलेंडर के इस्तेमाल करे लें। [[श्रेणी:कैलेंडर]] {{Measurement-stub}} enw26u38hlj2x7tifr6cq8vfzq2aiav 0 101825 814226 808037 2026-11-06T16:04:33Z SM7Bot 7808 /* सहायक नदी */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 814226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|सिंधु नदी}} '''सिंध नदी''' ({{Langx|en|Sindh River}}) [[यमुना नदी]] के एगो सहायिका नदी ह, जे भारत के [[मध्य प्रदेश]] आ [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य से हो के बहे ले। ==मार्ग== सिंध नदी के उद्गम मध्य प्रदेश के [[विदिशा जिला]] में [[मालवा पठार|मालवा के पठार]] पर होला। उहाँ से ई उत्तर-उत्तरपूरब दिशा में बहेले आ मध्य प्रदेश के गुना, अशोकनगर, शिवपुरी, दतिया, ग्वालियर आ भिंड जिला से होके गुजरेले। एकरा बाद [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के जालौन जिला में यमुना नदी में मिल जाले। ई संगम ओह जगह के कुछ आगे होला, जहाँ चंबल नदी यमुना में मिलेली। सिंध नदी के कुल लंबाई 470 किलोमीटर (290 मील) बा। एहमें से 461 किलोमीटर (286 मील) मध्य प्रदेश में आ 9 किलोमीटर (5.6 मील) उत्तर प्रदेश में पड़े ला। == सहायक नदी == सिंध नदी के प्रमुख सहायक नदियन में पार्वती, पाहुज, क्वारी (कुँवारी) आ महुअर शामिल बाड़ी स। महुअर नदी के स्थानीय स्तर पर समोहा नदी के नाँव से भी जानल जाला। ई पहिले के करेड़ा वन्यजीव अभयारण्य से होके बहे ले। {{clear}} [[श्रेणी:मध्य प्रदेश के नदी]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तर प्रदेश के नदी]] {{river-stub}} 30mn9kwcbeaa9c90c49xtgorlil1yco 0 101849 813960 808590 2026-11-06T12:59:44Z SM7Bot 7808 /* संदर्भ */ सफाई using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 813960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''शस्त्र पूजा''', '''अस्त्र पूजा''' चाहे '''आयुध पूजा''' ({{Langx|sa|आयुध पूजा}}; शाब्दिक अर्थ: ''हथियारन के पूजा'') हिंदू लोग के एगो धार्मिक पर्व ह। ई [[कुआर]] महीना (ग्रेगोरियन कलेंडर में, सितंबर-अक्टूबर के महीना) में आवे वाला अँजोर पाख के नवमी तिथि के मनावल जाला। ई [[नवरातर|नवरात्र उत्सव]] के हिस्सा ह। नवरातर पूरा भारत देश में मनावल जाला, बाकिर आयुध पूजा के रूप में मनावे के परंपरा आ पूजा-पद्धति भारत के अलग-अलग हिस्सा में कुछ अलग-अलग बा। आयुध पूजा के दौरान मुख्य रूप से तीन गो देवी के पूजा कइल जाला—विद्या के देवी [[सरस्वती]], समृद्धि के देवी [[लक्ष्मी]], आ शक्ति के देवी [[पार्वती]]। एह अवसर पर अलग-अलग पेशा आ जीवन के क्षेत्र में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला औजार आ उपकरणन के परंपरा के अनुसार पूजा कइल जाला। जइसे सैनिक के [[हथियार]], कारीगर के औजार आ विद्यार्थी के किताब। एह पर्व के धार्मिक महत्व देवी दुर्गा के महिषासुर पर विजय भा राम द्वारा लंका पर विजय के याद में मनावे से जुड़ल बा। [[दक्षिण भारत]] में ई अवसर मुख्य रूप से सरस्वती के समर्पित बा। एह दिन किताब, कलम, पेंसिल, संगीत के साज आ पढ़ाई-लिखाई में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला अउरी उपकरणन के पूजा कइल जाला। एह परंपरा के उद्देश्य अज्ञान पर ज्ञान के विजय के प्रतीक के रूप में देखल जाला। आज के समय में भी एह परंपरा के पालन कइल जाला। पहिले जइसे युद्ध के हथियारन के पूजा होत रहे, ओइसहीं अब कंप्यूटर, टाइपराइटर आ मोबाइल फोन के भी पूजा कइल जाला। ओडिशा में खेती में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला हल, युद्ध में इस्तेमाल होखे वाला तलवार आ कटार, आ लिखे खातिर इस्तेमाल होखे वाला “करनी” भा “लेखनी” के पूजा कइल जाला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} {{हिंदू तिहुआर}} [[श्रेणी:हिंदू तिहुआर]] [[श्रेणी:कुआर महीना के तिहुआर]] {{festival-stub}} {{hinduism-stub}} t9lu3dc6ue5jzyf3lcqys1dni5uklsu 4 101911 814278 812715 2026-11-06T19:21:35Z NeechalBOT 7874 statistics 814278 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--- stats starts--->{{प्रयोगकर्ता:Neechalkaran/statnotice}}{| 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kiv8hsrlshyva1low58mhxrz72yaxci 0 101967 813778 2026-11-06T12:28:55Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख / अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया से अनुबाद कइ के 813778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> bfkzywt8ra42uowd1i7h0tozhzqhxbm 813779 813778 2026-11-06T12:30:20Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 813779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} qus13mh2mi05lyy9grfhji6krjvtjb5 813780 813779 2026-11-06T12:31:16Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] जोड़ल गइल 813780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] p0krpk1avz3wp70ve8zx2xrmdg9hsj1 813781 813780 2026-11-06T12:35:29Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल, ज्ञानसंदूक जोड़ल गइल 813781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = संजय गाँधी नेशनल पार्क | alt_name = बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क | iucn_category = II | logo = Sanjay Gandhi National Park logo.png | image = SGNP-Bombay.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = नेशनल पार्क में नदी | image_size = | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | pushpin_relief = 1 | mapframe = Yes | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | location = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | coordinates = {{coord|19|15|N|72|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 87 | area_ref = <ref name=Narkar_al2017/> | elevation = | established = 1996 | named_for = [[संजय गांधी]] | visitation_num = 2 मिलियन (20 लाख) सालाना | visitation_ref = | governing_body = पर्यावरण, बन आ जलवायु बदलाव मंत्रालय | website = }} '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] oro9ecc1q9r6flcyychv61t095l3ix2 813828 813781 2026-11-06T12:38:22Z SM7 3953 सफाई कइल गइल 813828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = संजय गाँधी नेशनल पार्क | alt_name = बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क | iucn_category = II | logo = | image = SGNP-Bombay.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = नेशनल पार्क में बहे वाली एगो नदी | image_size = | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | pushpin_relief = 1 | mapframe = Yes | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | location = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | coordinates = {{coord|19|15|N|72|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 87 | area_ref = <ref name=Narkar_al2017/> | elevation = | established = 1996 | named_for = [[संजय गांधी]] | visitation_num = 2 मिलियन (20 लाख) सालाना | visitation_ref = | governing_body = पर्यावरण, बन आ जलवायु बदलाव मंत्रालय | website = }} '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] 4g2nrt0qf9lgfjzfjsdyx52zhzrxk17 813914 813828 2026-11-06T12:56:14Z SM7 3953 बिस्तार कइल गइल 813914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = संजय गाँधी नेशनल पार्क | alt_name = बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क | iucn_category = II | logo = | image = SGNP-Bombay.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = नेशनल पार्क में बहे वाली एगो नदी | image_size = | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | pushpin_relief = 1 | mapframe = Yes | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | location = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | coordinates = {{coord|19|15|N|72|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 87 | area_ref = <ref name=Narkar_al2017/> | elevation = | established = 1996 | named_for = [[संजय गांधी]] | visitation_num = 2 मिलियन (20 लाख) सालाना | visitation_ref = | governing_body = पर्यावरण, बन आ जलवायु बदलाव मंत्रालय | website = }} '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> == इतिहास == आज के समय में एकरा के भले संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क के नाँव से जानल जाला, बाकी एह संरक्षित इलाका के इतिहास 10 ईसा पूर्व के समय से जुड़ल बा। पार्क के ऑफिशियल इतिहास के अनुसार, ई जंगल वाला इलाका सोपारा आ कल्याण के ऐतिहासिक बंदरगाह सभ के बीच एगो प्राचीन रास्ता पर पड़त रहे। पार्क के भीतर स्थित [[कन्हेरी गुफा]] बौद्ध शिक्षा आ तीर्थयात्रा लोगन के एगो महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र के रूप में काम करत रहे। आजादी से पहिले एह इलाका के '''कृष्णगिरी नेशनल पार्क''' के नाँव से जानल जात रहे। 1969 में आसपास के आरक्षित वन भूमि के अधिग्रहण करके पार्क के बिस्तार कइल गइल। पार्क के आधिकारिक इतिहास बतावेला कि बाद में एह इलाका के प्रबंधन बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क के रूप में कइल गइल आ 1981 में एकर नया नाँव संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क रखल गइल। बाद में ठाणे डिवीजन के कुछ अउरी जंगल के एह पार्क में शामिल कइल गइल, जेकरा चलते वर्तमान संरक्षित क्षेत्र के कुल क्षेत्रफल 87 वर्ग किलोमीटर (34 वर्ग मील) से बढ़ के 103.84 वर्ग किलोमीटर (40.09 वर्ग मील) हो गइल। पार्क के स्थापना आ एकर विस्तार मुख्य रूप से विहार झील आ तुलसी झील के जलग्रहण क्षेत्र के संरक्षण से जुड़ल रहे। ई दुनो झील बंबई के पानी सप्लाई व्यवस्था के प्रोजेक्ट के रूप में 19वीं सदी में विकसित कइल गइल रहे। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] dexvmwp8kvnip6jrskgo0w2eiw8byno 813943 813914 2026-11-06T12:58:22Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल, सफाई कइल गइल 813943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = संजय गाँधी नेशनल पार्क | alt_name = बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क | iucn_category = II | logo = | image = SGNP-Bombay.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = नेशनल पार्क में बहे वाली एगो नदी | image_size = | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | pushpin_relief = 1 | mapframe = Yes | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | location = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | coordinates = {{coord|19|15|N|72|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 87 | area_ref = <ref name=Narkar_al2017/> | elevation = | established = 1996 | named_for = [[संजय गांधी]] | visitation_num = 2 मिलियन (20 लाख) सालाना | visitation_ref = | governing_body = पर्यावरण, बन आ जलवायु बदलाव मंत्रालय | website = }} '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> == इतिहास == आज के समय में एकरा के भले संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क के नाँव से जानल जाला, बाकी एह संरक्षित इलाका के इतिहास 10 ईसा पूर्व के समय से जुड़ल बा। पार्क के ऑफिशियल इतिहास के अनुसार, ई जंगल वाला इलाका सोपारा आ कल्याण के ऐतिहासिक बंदरगाह सभ के बीच एगो प्राचीन रास्ता पर पड़त रहे। पार्क के भीतर स्थित [[कन्हेरी गुफा]] बौद्ध शिक्षा आ तीर्थयात्रा लोगन के एगो महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र के रूप में काम करत रहे। आजादी से पहिले एह इलाका के '''कृष्णगिरी नेशनल पार्क''' के नाँव से जानल जात रहे। 1969 में आसपास के आरक्षित बन भूमि के अधिग्रहण करके पार्क के बिस्तार कइल गइल। पार्क के आधिकारिक इतिहास बतावेला कि बाद में एह इलाका के प्रबंधन '''बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क''' के रूप में कइल गइल आ 1981 में एकर नया नाँव संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क रखल गइल। बाद में [[ठाणे डिवीजन]] के कुछ अउरी जंगल के एह पार्क में शामिल कइल गइल, जेकरा चलते वर्तमान संरक्षित क्षेत्र के कुल क्षेत्रफल 87 वर्ग किलोमीटर (34 वर्ग मील) से बढ़ के 103.84 वर्ग किलोमीटर (40.09 वर्ग मील) हो गइल। पार्क के स्थापना आ एकर विस्तार मुख्य रूप से विहार झील आ [[तुलसी झील]] के कैचमेंट एरिया के संरक्षण से जुड़ल रहे। ई दुनो झील बंबई के पानी सप्लाई व्यवस्था के प्रोजेक्ट के रूप में 19वीं सदी में विकसित कइल गइल रहे। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] sbjrjhrpbmmf7zrhxjg49skf8qne9rz 813966 813943 2026-11-06T13:00:02Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल 813966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = संजय गाँधी नेशनल पार्क | alt_name = बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क | iucn_category = II | logo = | image = SGNP-Bombay.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = नेशनल पार्क में बहे वाली एगो नदी | image_size = | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | pushpin_relief = 1 | mapframe = Yes | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_mark_size = | location = [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], भारत | coordinates = {{coord|19|15|N|72|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area_km2 = 87 | area_ref = <ref name=Narkar_al2017/> | elevation = | established = 1996 | named_for = [[संजय गांधी]] | visitation_num = 2 मिलियन (20 लाख) सालाना | visitation_ref = | governing_body = पर्यावरण, बन आ जलवायु बदलाव मंत्रालय | website = }} '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' ({{Langx|en|Sanjay Gandhi National Park}}; संछेप: '''SGNP''') [[मुंबई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] में {{cvt|103.84|km²}} में फइलल एगो [[नेशनल पार्क]] ह। एकर हेडक्वार्टर [[बोरीवली]] में स्थित बा।<ref name=Narkar_al2017>{{cite journal |author1=Narkar, N.S. |author2=Mhaiske, V.M. |author3=Patil, V.K. |author4=Narkhede, S.S. |author5=Malave, D.B. |year=2017 |title=Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism Activity on Local Stakeholders of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Mumbai |journal=Journal of Tree Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=105−114 |doi=10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00032.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> एह नेशनल पार्क में हर साल 20 लाख से बेसी लोग घूमे आवे ला।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021 |title=2 million visitors of national park Borivali are unaware of this! |url=https://bombaynagari.in/2021/10/22/national-park-borival/|access-date=2021-10-24 |work=Bombay Nagari}}</ref> == इतिहास == आज के समय में एकरा के भले संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क के नाँव से जानल जाला, बाकी एह संरक्षित इलाका के इतिहास 10 ईसा पूर्व के समय से जुड़ल बा। पार्क के ऑफिशियल इतिहास के अनुसार, ई जंगल वाला इलाका सोपारा आ कल्याण के ऐतिहासिक बंदरगाह सभ के बीच एगो प्राचीन रास्ता पर पड़त रहे। पार्क के भीतर स्थित [[कन्हेरी गुफा]] बौद्ध शिक्षा आ तीर्थयात्रा लोगन के एगो महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र के रूप में काम करत रहे। आजादी से पहिले एह इलाका के '''कृष्णगिरी नेशनल पार्क''' के नाँव से जानल जात रहे। 1969 में आसपास के आरक्षित बन भूमि के अधिग्रहण करके पार्क के बिस्तार कइल गइल। पार्क के आधिकारिक इतिहास बतावेला कि बाद में एह इलाका के प्रबंधन '''बोरीवली नेशनल पार्क''' के रूप में कइल गइल आ 1981 में एकर नया नाँव इंदिरा गांधी के बेटा [[संजय गांधी]] के नाँव प '''संजय गांधी नेशनल पार्क''' रखल गइल। बाद में [[ठाणे डिवीजन]] के कुछ अउरी जंगल के एह पार्क में शामिल कइल गइल, जेकरा चलते वर्तमान संरक्षित क्षेत्र के कुल क्षेत्रफल 87 वर्ग किलोमीटर (34 वर्ग मील) से बढ़ के 103.84 वर्ग किलोमीटर (40.09 वर्ग मील) हो गइल। पार्क के स्थापना आ एकर विस्तार मुख्य रूप से विहार झील आ [[तुलसी झील]] के कैचमेंट एरिया के संरक्षण से जुड़ल रहे। ई दुनो झील बंबई के पानी सप्लाई व्यवस्था के प्रोजेक्ट के रूप में 19वीं सदी में विकसित कइल गइल रहे। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:मुंबई उपनगरीय जिला]] ojv7yuev28b8smqgvjs56jpi4zv7ybe 0 101968 813868 2026-11-06T12:52:39Z Kootak 37759 पन्ना बनावल गइल "'''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: १२ अक्टूबर 19९७<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-..." के साथ 813868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: १२ अक्टूबर 19९७<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} 4htnwd4uy6tw1okvr2fi7fdt8iz7cmf 813924 813868 2026-11-06T12:56:55Z Kootak 37759 सुधार कइल गइल 813924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} t9qjtg78o50e7ngsybcurxzu91rgs9f 814080 813924 2026-11-06T14:03:40Z SM7 3953 Added {{[[Template:Notability|Notability]]}} tag 814080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability|date=नवंबर 2026}} '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} h1feeicvrbhbdhllnnk7iafmd32ikwl 814081 814080 2026-11-06T14:04:11Z SM7 3953 सफाई कइल गइल 814081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability}} '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} gcvyu9ffxchh7m468vb7vols8lz57eq 814082 814081 2026-11-06T14:04:26Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] जोड़ल गइल 814082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability}} '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] dpoj42ddwxb8u0teeguexlm2uvqkqu4 814083 814082 2026-11-06T14:04:42Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:1997 में जनम]] जोड़ल गइल 814083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability}} '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1997 में जनम]] 64nk2o6ib94bi70eofs9p7kv05yy6c0 814084 814083 2026-11-06T14:05:32Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा +[[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]]; +[[श्रेणी:मराठी लोग]] 814084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability}} '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। ==संदर्भ== {{Reflist|33em}} {{आधार}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1997 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:मराठी लोग]] jzk21nydef2z2oo5eydv3rtie8n4v13 814085 814084 2026-11-06T14:06:13Z SM7 3953 [[User:SM7/stubsorter|Stubsorter]] के मदद से {{People-stub}} जोड़ल गइल। 814085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability}} '''सारा तेंदुलकर''' (जनम: 12 अक्टूबर 1997<ref>{{cite news |title=29 की हुईं सारा तेंदुलकर: 'क्रिकेट के भगवान' सचिन ने बेटी के लिए किया खास पोस्ट, मैसेज पढ़कर हो जाएंगे भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/sara-tendulkar-turns-29-sachin-tendulkar-shares-heartfelt-birthday-post-for-daughter-2026-10-12 |access-date=6 नवंबर 2026 |work=[[अमर उजाला]]}}</ref>) एक ठु इंटरनेट आ मीडिया पर्सनालिटी बाड़ी। ऊ "क्रिकेट के भगवान्" कहल जाए वाला खेलाड़ी [[सचिन तेंदुलकर]] के बेटी हई। सारा पेशा से न्यूट्रीशन एक्सपर्ट हई। == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|33em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1997 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:महाराष्ट्र के लोग]] [[श्रेणी:मराठी लोग]] {{People-stub}} 4v1rhkkmr2cqv0becrwrfq10v99u0y3 0 101969 813999 2026-11-06T13:02:34Z SM7 3953 पन्ना [[शस्त्र पूजा]] पर अनुप्रेषित कइल गइल 813999 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[शस्त्र पूजा]] qmwrc0nxg1l40gigogb05w0btwnz7cy 0 101970 814076 2026-11-06T13:58:20Z SM7 3953 पन्ना [[दक्खिन भारत]] पर अनुप्रेषित कइल गइल 814076 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[दक्खिन भारत]] tg2iff5i9xhyh67535zx28idl3mrx3y 0 101971 814089 2026-11-06T14:33:34Z SM7 3953 पन्ना [[इलाहाबाद जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] पर अनुप्रेषित कइल गइल 814089 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[इलाहाबाद जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]] ewfdigwmnejydsvbzyeij8gr187ufsg 0 101972 814090 2026-11-06T14:39:42Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख / अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया से अनुबाद कइ के 814090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]]<br />{{font color|blue|Prayagraj Junction railway station}} | native_name = <hr/>Allahabad Junction | system = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station | style = Indian Railways | image = File:Prayagraj Jn Railway Station.jpg | caption = | address = [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#Leader Road|Leader Road]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | country = India | coordinates = {{Coord|25.4460|N|81.8289|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | elevation = {{convert|316.804|m|ft}} | line = *[[Howrah–Delhi main line]] *[[Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line]] *[[Howrah]]-[[Prayagraj]]–[[Mumbai]] line *[[Prayagraj]]–[[Jabalpur]] section *[[Mughalsarai]]-[[Kanpur]] section *[[Mughalsarai]]-[[Varanasi]] line *[[Mughalsarai]]–[[Ayodhya]] line | connections = | structure = [[Intersection (road)#At grade railways|At grade]] | platform = 10 | tracks = 20 | parking = Yes | cyclepark = Yes | opened = {{start date and age|1859}} | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = 1965–66 | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = PRYJ | zone = | division = {{rwd|Prayagraj}} }} | owner = [[Indian Railways]] | services = | operator = [[North Central Railway zone]] | status = Functioning | former = [[East Indian Railway Company]] | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | pushpin_label = Prayagraj Junction | map_caption = Location in [[Uttar Pradesh]]##Location in India | mapframe = yes | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of Prayagraj Junction | mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}} }} '''इलाहाबाद जंक्शन''' जेकर ऑफिशियल नाँव अब '''प्रयागराज जंक्शन''' (स्टेशन कोड: '''PRYJ''') हवे, उत्तर प्रदेश के [[इलाहाबाद]] (प्रयागराज) शहर में, हावड़ा-गया-दिल्ली लाइन, हावड़ा-दिल्ली मुख्य लाइन, इलाहाबाद-मऊ-गोरखपुर मुख्य लाइन आ हावड़ा-इलाहाबाद-मुंबई लाइन पर स्थित एगो प्रमुख जंक्शन आ रेलवे स्टेशन ह। ई [[नॉर्थ सेंट्रल रेलवे जोन]] के हेडक्वार्टर ह। ई इलाहाबाद आ आसपास के इलाका के रेल सेवा देला। [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद|जंक्शन]] i60krzkz2mj7x040palr0h7gy5ialdz 814094 814090 2026-11-06T15:01:59Z SM7 3953 Protected "[[इलाहाबाद जंक्शन रेलवे स्टेशन]]": पॉसिबल उत्पात ([संपादन करीं=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 15:01, 8 नवंबर 2026 (UTC)) [स्थानांतरण=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) 814090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]]<br />{{font color|blue|Prayagraj Junction railway station}} | native_name = <hr/>Allahabad Junction | system = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station | style = Indian Railways | image = File:Prayagraj Jn Railway Station.jpg | caption = | address = [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#Leader Road|Leader Road]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | country = India | coordinates = {{Coord|25.4460|N|81.8289|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | elevation = {{convert|316.804|m|ft}} | line = *[[Howrah–Delhi main line]] *[[Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line]] *[[Howrah]]-[[Prayagraj]]–[[Mumbai]] line *[[Prayagraj]]–[[Jabalpur]] section *[[Mughalsarai]]-[[Kanpur]] section *[[Mughalsarai]]-[[Varanasi]] line *[[Mughalsarai]]–[[Ayodhya]] line | connections = | structure = [[Intersection (road)#At grade railways|At grade]] | platform = 10 | tracks = 20 | parking = Yes | cyclepark = Yes | opened = {{start date and age|1859}} | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = 1965–66 | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = PRYJ | zone = | division = {{rwd|Prayagraj}} }} | owner = [[Indian Railways]] | services = | operator = [[North Central Railway zone]] | status = Functioning | former = [[East Indian Railway Company]] | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | pushpin_label = Prayagraj Junction | map_caption = Location in [[Uttar Pradesh]]##Location in India | mapframe = yes | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of Prayagraj Junction | mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}} }} '''इलाहाबाद जंक्शन''' जेकर ऑफिशियल नाँव अब '''प्रयागराज जंक्शन''' (स्टेशन कोड: '''PRYJ''') हवे, उत्तर प्रदेश के [[इलाहाबाद]] (प्रयागराज) शहर में, हावड़ा-गया-दिल्ली लाइन, हावड़ा-दिल्ली मुख्य लाइन, इलाहाबाद-मऊ-गोरखपुर मुख्य लाइन आ हावड़ा-इलाहाबाद-मुंबई लाइन पर स्थित एगो प्रमुख जंक्शन आ रेलवे स्टेशन ह। ई [[नॉर्थ सेंट्रल रेलवे जोन]] के हेडक्वार्टर ह। ई इलाहाबाद आ आसपास के इलाका के रेल सेवा देला। [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद|जंक्शन]] i60krzkz2mj7x040palr0h7gy5ialdz 814095 814094 2026-11-06T15:02:00Z SM7 3953 Adding {{pp-protected}} 814095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|reason=पॉसिबल उत्पात|small=yes}} {{Infobox station | name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]]<br />{{font color|blue|Prayagraj Junction railway station}} | native_name = <hr/>Allahabad Junction | system = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station | style = Indian Railways | image = File:Prayagraj Jn Railway Station.jpg | caption = | address = [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#Leader Road|Leader Road]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | country = India | coordinates = {{Coord|25.4460|N|81.8289|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | elevation = {{convert|316.804|m|ft}} | line = *[[Howrah–Delhi main line]] *[[Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line]] *[[Howrah]]-[[Prayagraj]]–[[Mumbai]] line *[[Prayagraj]]–[[Jabalpur]] section *[[Mughalsarai]]-[[Kanpur]] section *[[Mughalsarai]]-[[Varanasi]] line *[[Mughalsarai]]–[[Ayodhya]] line | connections = | structure = [[Intersection (road)#At grade railways|At grade]] | platform = 10 | tracks = 20 | parking = Yes | cyclepark = Yes | opened = {{start date and age|1859}} | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = 1965–66 | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = PRYJ | zone = | division = {{rwd|Prayagraj}} }} | owner = [[Indian Railways]] | services = | operator = [[North Central Railway zone]] | status = Functioning | former = [[East Indian Railway Company]] | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | pushpin_label = Prayagraj Junction | map_caption = Location in [[Uttar Pradesh]]##Location in India | mapframe = yes | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of Prayagraj Junction | mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}} }} '''इलाहाबाद जंक्शन''' जेकर ऑफिशियल नाँव अब '''प्रयागराज जंक्शन''' (स्टेशन कोड: '''PRYJ''') हवे, उत्तर प्रदेश के [[इलाहाबाद]] (प्रयागराज) शहर में, हावड़ा-गया-दिल्ली लाइन, हावड़ा-दिल्ली मुख्य लाइन, इलाहाबाद-मऊ-गोरखपुर मुख्य लाइन आ हावड़ा-इलाहाबाद-मुंबई लाइन पर स्थित एगो प्रमुख जंक्शन आ रेलवे स्टेशन ह। ई [[नॉर्थ सेंट्रल रेलवे जोन]] के हेडक्वार्टर ह। ई इलाहाबाद आ आसपास के इलाका के रेल सेवा देला। [[श्रेणी:इलाहाबाद|जंक्शन]] mrrcn1jl80ou2sw4bjk3b0yg799i442 0 101973 814262 2026-11-06T16:48:32Z SM7 3953 SM7 पन्ना [[दक्खिन भारतीय सिनेमा]] के [[साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]] पर स्थानांतरण कइलें: बेहतर/कॉमन भोजपुरी नाँव (Better/common name) ([[WP:COMMONNAME]]) 814262 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]] 87lcalf4sl0wxmdfqfhh10yz1w9quaz 4 101974 814270 2026-11-06T18:00:21Z SM7 3953 पन्ना बनावल गइल "{{Soft redirect|:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images}}" के साथ 814270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Soft redirect|:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images}} nsmnyqa01fpzwa742isa871d7w03knx 4 101975 814271 2026-11-06T18:02:58Z SM7 3953 पन्ना बनावल गइल "{{Soft redirect|विकिपीडिया:श्रेणी}}" के साथ 814271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Soft redirect|विकिपीडिया:श्रेणी}} ayguw2tm901owa056nli48x37kmn8it 0 101976 814274 2026-11-06T18:16:21Z SM7 3953 पन्ना बनावल गइल "{{Indian cinema}} '''असमिया सिनेमा''', जेकरा '''जॉलिवुड''' भी कहल जाला, [[असमिया भाषा]] के भारतीय [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह। ई भारत के उत्तरी-पूर्वी हिस्सा ([[पूर्बोत्तर भारत]]) के राज्य [[आसाम|असम]..." के साथ 814274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indian cinema}} '''असमिया सिनेमा''', जेकरा '''जॉलिवुड''' भी कहल जाला, [[असमिया भाषा]] के भारतीय [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह। ई भारत के उत्तरी-पूर्वी हिस्सा ([[पूर्बोत्तर भारत]]) के राज्य [[आसाम|असम]] में स्थित बा। एह इंडस्ट्री के शुरुआत 1935 में भइल, जब ज्योति प्रसाद अग्रवाला आपन फिल्म ''जॉयमती'' रिलीज कइलें। ओह समय से असमिया सिनेमा एगो धीमा गति वाला आ संवेदनशील शैली बिकसित कइले बा। शुरुआत में एह इंडस्ट्री के जॉलिवुड कहल जात रहे, जे अग्रवाला के "ज्योति चित्रबन फिल्म स्टूडियो" के नाँव से जुड़ल रहे। लंबा इतिहास आ कलात्मक सफलता के बावजूद, असमिया सिनेमा, जेकरा राज्य में हमेशा गंभीरता से लिहल गइल बा, राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर आपन खास पहचान बनावे में अबहियो सफल नइखे भइल। हालाँकि, एह इंडस्ट्री के फिल्मन के राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार में कई साल से पहचान मिलत रहल बा। 21वीं सदी के शुरुआत में [[हॉलीवुड]] आ [[बॉलीवुड]] शैली के असमिया फिल्म भी पर्दा पर आवे लगली स, बाकिर ई इंडस्ट्री बाजार में हॉलीवुड आ बॉलीवुड जइसन बड़ इंडस्ट्री से मुकाबला ना कर पवले, आ ओह लोग के प्रभाव में दब गइल। 2017 में विलेज रॉकस्टार्स फिल्म के 91वाँ अकादमी अवार्ड खातिर भारत के आधिकारिक प्रविष्टि के रूप में चुनल गइल। 2019 में बुलबुल कैन सिंग फिल्म के बर्लिन इंटरनेशनल फिल्म फेस्टिवल में स्पेशल मेंशन मिलल। 2025 में ''रॉय रॉय बिनाले'' फिल्म अब तक के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली असमिया फिल्म बन गइल आ पहिले के बॉक्स ऑफिस रिकॉर्ड तोड़ दिहलस। tv9zydaembypi619n9b5dcn0d3syd6a 0 101977 814275 2026-11-06T18:21:51Z SM7 3953 पन्ना बनावल गइल "'''फिलिम इंडस्ट्री''' भा '''मोशन पिक्चर इंडस्ट्री''' में [[फिलिम]] बनावे से जुड़ल तकनीकी आ व्यावसायिक संस्थान शामिल होखे लें। एह में फिलिम प्रोडक्शन कंपनी, [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]],..." के साथ 814275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''फिलिम इंडस्ट्री''' भा '''मोशन पिक्चर इंडस्ट्री''' में [[फिलिम]] बनावे से जुड़ल तकनीकी आ व्यावसायिक संस्थान शामिल होखे लें। एह में फिलिम प्रोडक्शन कंपनी, [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]], [[सिनेमैटोग्राफी]], [[एनीमेशन]], फिलिम निर्माण, स्क्रीनराइटिंग, प्री-प्रोडक्शन, पोस्ट-प्रोडक्शन, फिलिम फेस्टिवल, वितरण आ [[एक्टर]] शामिल बाड़ें। फिलिम बनावे में होखे वाला खर्च के चलते शुरू में फिलिम निर्माण कुछ स्थापित प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के अधीन केंद्रित हो गइल रहे। बाकिर सस्ता फिलिम निर्माण उपकरण के बिकास आ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री से बाहर के स्रोत से निवेश पूँजी जुटावे के बढ़त अवसर के चलते स्वतंत्र फिलिम निर्माण के भी बिकास भइल बा। ग्लोबल [[बॉक्स ऑफिस]] से 2019 में सालभर में 42.2 बिलियन डॉलर के कमाई भइल रहे, बाकिर 2025 में ई घट के 33.5 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। बॉक्स ऑफिस आ घरेलू मनोरंजन से होखे वाला कमाई के शामिल कइला पर, वैश्विक फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सालाना इनकम 2018 में 136 बिलियन डॉलर रहे, बाकिर 2025 में घट के 112.93 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। [[हॉलीवुड]] दुनिया के सबसे पुरान नेशनल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ बॉक्स ऑफिस से कुल कमाई के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बा। [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत के सिनेमा]] फीचर फिलिम के प्रोडक्शन के हिसाब से दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ टिकट बिक्री के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बजारो ह। [[श्रेणी:फिलिम|इंडस्ट्री]] cchblpcle23wd41i0hlgacv1p751ddo 814276 814275 2026-11-06T18:22:07Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:सिनेमा]] जोड़ल गइल 814276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''फिलिम इंडस्ट्री''' भा '''मोशन पिक्चर इंडस्ट्री''' में [[फिलिम]] बनावे से जुड़ल तकनीकी आ व्यावसायिक संस्थान शामिल होखे लें। एह में फिलिम प्रोडक्शन कंपनी, [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]], [[सिनेमैटोग्राफी]], [[एनीमेशन]], फिलिम निर्माण, स्क्रीनराइटिंग, प्री-प्रोडक्शन, पोस्ट-प्रोडक्शन, फिलिम फेस्टिवल, वितरण आ [[एक्टर]] शामिल बाड़ें। फिलिम बनावे में होखे वाला खर्च के चलते शुरू में फिलिम निर्माण कुछ स्थापित प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के अधीन केंद्रित हो गइल रहे। बाकिर सस्ता फिलिम निर्माण उपकरण के बिकास आ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री से बाहर के स्रोत से निवेश पूँजी जुटावे के बढ़त अवसर के चलते स्वतंत्र फिलिम निर्माण के भी बिकास भइल बा। ग्लोबल [[बॉक्स ऑफिस]] से 2019 में सालभर में 42.2 बिलियन डॉलर के कमाई भइल रहे, बाकिर 2025 में ई घट के 33.5 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। बॉक्स ऑफिस आ घरेलू मनोरंजन से होखे वाला कमाई के शामिल कइला पर, वैश्विक फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सालाना इनकम 2018 में 136 बिलियन डॉलर रहे, बाकिर 2025 में घट के 112.93 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। [[हॉलीवुड]] दुनिया के सबसे पुरान नेशनल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ बॉक्स ऑफिस से कुल कमाई के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बा। [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत के सिनेमा]] फीचर फिलिम के प्रोडक्शन के हिसाब से दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ टिकट बिक्री के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बजारो ह। [[श्रेणी:फिलिम|इंडस्ट्री]] [[श्रेणी:सिनेमा]] nk4tp99zx1irngd76g7rcx8ycdfc0e6 814277 814276 2026-11-06T18:35:08Z SM7 3953 [[User:SM7/stubsorter|Stubsorter]] के मदद से {{Industry-stub}} जोड़ल गइल। 814277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''फिलिम इंडस्ट्री''' भा '''मोशन पिक्चर इंडस्ट्री''' में [[फिलिम]] बनावे से जुड़ल तकनीकी आ व्यावसायिक संस्थान शामिल होखे लें। एह में फिलिम प्रोडक्शन कंपनी, [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]], [[सिनेमैटोग्राफी]], [[एनीमेशन]], फिलिम निर्माण, स्क्रीनराइटिंग, प्री-प्रोडक्शन, पोस्ट-प्रोडक्शन, फिलिम फेस्टिवल, वितरण आ [[एक्टर]] शामिल बाड़ें। फिलिम बनावे में होखे वाला खर्च के चलते शुरू में फिलिम निर्माण कुछ स्थापित प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के अधीन केंद्रित हो गइल रहे। बाकिर सस्ता फिलिम निर्माण उपकरण के बिकास आ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री से बाहर के स्रोत से निवेश पूँजी जुटावे के बढ़त अवसर के चलते स्वतंत्र फिलिम निर्माण के भी बिकास भइल बा। ग्लोबल [[बॉक्स ऑफिस]] से 2019 में सालभर में 42.2 बिलियन डॉलर के कमाई भइल रहे, बाकिर 2025 में ई घट के 33.5 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। बॉक्स ऑफिस आ घरेलू मनोरंजन से होखे वाला कमाई के शामिल कइला पर, वैश्विक फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सालाना इनकम 2018 में 136 बिलियन डॉलर रहे, बाकिर 2025 में घट के 112.93 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। [[हॉलीवुड]] दुनिया के सबसे पुरान नेशनल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ बॉक्स ऑफिस से कुल कमाई के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बा। [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत के सिनेमा]] फीचर फिलिम के प्रोडक्शन के हिसाब से दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ टिकट बिक्री के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बजारो ह। [[श्रेणी:फिलिम|इंडस्ट्री]] [[श्रेणी:सिनेमा]] {{Industry-stub}} 8my32doccgy62onyjd57oyuts4u6x8z 814306 814277 2026-11-07T05:09:19Z SM7 3953 फोटो जोड़ल गइल 814306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hollywood sign (8485145044).jpg|thumb|[[हॉलीवुड चीन्हा]] जे [[हॉलीवुड|अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] के निसान आ पहिचान हवे]] '''फिलिम इंडस्ट्री''' भा '''मोशन पिक्चर इंडस्ट्री''' में [[फिलिम]] बनावे से जुड़ल तकनीकी आ व्यावसायिक संस्थान शामिल होखे लें। एह में फिलिम प्रोडक्शन कंपनी, [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]], [[सिनेमैटोग्राफी]], [[एनीमेशन]], फिलिम निर्माण, स्क्रीनराइटिंग, प्री-प्रोडक्शन, पोस्ट-प्रोडक्शन, फिलिम फेस्टिवल, वितरण आ [[एक्टर]] शामिल बाड़ें। फिलिम बनावे में होखे वाला खर्च के चलते शुरू में फिलिम निर्माण कुछ स्थापित प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के अधीन केंद्रित हो गइल रहे। बाकिर सस्ता फिलिम निर्माण उपकरण के बिकास आ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री से बाहर के स्रोत से निवेश पूँजी जुटावे के बढ़त अवसर के चलते स्वतंत्र फिलिम निर्माण के भी बिकास भइल बा। ग्लोबल [[बॉक्स ऑफिस]] से 2019 में सालभर में 42.2 बिलियन डॉलर के कमाई भइल रहे, बाकिर 2025 में ई घट के 33.5 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। बॉक्स ऑफिस आ घरेलू मनोरंजन से होखे वाला कमाई के शामिल कइला पर, वैश्विक फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सालाना इनकम 2018 में 136 बिलियन डॉलर रहे, बाकिर 2025 में घट के 112.93 बिलियन डॉलर हो गइल। [[हॉलीवुड]] दुनिया के सबसे पुरान नेशनल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ बॉक्स ऑफिस से कुल कमाई के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बा। [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत के सिनेमा]] फीचर फिलिम के प्रोडक्शन के हिसाब से दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री ह आ टिकट बिक्री के हिसाब से सबसे बड़ बजारो ह। [[श्रेणी:फिलिम|इंडस्ट्री]] [[श्रेणी:सिनेमा]] {{Industry-stub}} 9fxk6ugxdj88suwxy2e2dot64heolr7 0 101978 814285 2026-11-06T20:15:22Z SM7 3953 SM7 पन्ना [[हॉलीवुड]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] पर स्थानांतरण कइलें: पूरा नाँव पर (Full name for clarity): हॉलीवुड पर फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के लेख खाती जगह खाली कइल 814285 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] pbonyb6whia0fkia6713dgxzba22ejl 814287 814285 2026-11-07T01:59:18Z SM7 3953 अनुप्रेषण हटा के नया लेख शुरू कइल 814287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cinema market | name = Cinema of the United States<br />(Hollywood) | image = Hollywood sign (8485145044).jpg | alt = | caption = The [[Hollywood Sign]] in the [[Hollywood Hills]], often regarded as the symbol of the American film industry | screens = 40,393 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis/> | screens_per_capita = 14 per 100,000 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure—Capacity|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=November 5, 2013|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542|url-status=dead}}</ref> | distributors = <!-- To avoid an indiscriminate list, please limit to the traditional "Big Four" studios --> * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney]] * [[Sony Pictures|Sony]] * [[Skydance Corporation|Skydance]] * [[NBCUniversal|Universal]] | produced_year = 2016 | produced_ref = <ref name=production_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production—Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225519/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545|url-status=dead}}</ref> | produced_total = | produced_fictional = 646 (98.5%) | produced_animated = 10 (1.5%) | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2017 | admissions_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 11: Exhibition—Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225511/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538|url-status=dead}}</ref> | admissions_total = 1,239,742,550 | admissions_per_capita = 3.9 (2010)<ref name=cine_aussie>{{cite web|title=Cinema—Admissions per capita|url=http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|publisher=Screen Australia|access-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233447/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|archive-date=November 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2017 | box_office_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis /> | box_office_total = ${{Format price|11118634681}} | box_office_national = <!-- ${{Format price}} --> }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह जहाँ मुख्य रूप से [[अंग्रेजी]] में [[फिलिम]] बने लीं; जे मुख्य रूप से एह देस के सभसे बड़-बड़ [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]] सभ के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] में जुटान से बनल बा। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से ग्लोबल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री पर काफी प्रभाव डालले बा। [[क्लासिकल हॉलीवुड सिनेमा]], जे 1910 के दशक में डेवलप भइल एगो फिलिम निर्माण शैली ह, आजुओ बहुत सारा अमेरिकी फिलिमन के रूप दे रहल बा। फ्रांस के फिलिम निर्माता ऑगस्टे आ लुई लुमियर के अक्सर मोडर्न सिनेमा के सुरुआत के श्रेय दिहल जाला, बाकिर अमेरिकी फिलिम निर्माण तेजी से दुनिया भर में प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिहलस। 2024 के आँकड़ा अनुसार, अमेरिका 544 नेशनल फीचर फिलिम बनवलस, जे [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत]], [[जापान]] आ [[चीन]] के बाद दुनिया के चउथा सबसे बड़ फिलिम निर्माता बनल। हालाँकि, यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड भी अंग्रेजी भाषा के फिलिम बनावेला, बाकिर ई सीधे हॉलीवुड सिस्टम के हिस्सा ना हवे; अक्सर लोग गलती से सगरी अंग्रेजी भासा के फिलिम सभ के हॉलीवुड के फिलिम कह देला। वैश्विक पहुँच के चलते हॉलीवुड के अक्सर एगो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सिनेमा के रूप में देखल जाला। एकरे अलावा, एकर कुछ फिलिम कई भाषा में रिलीज होखेली स, जइसे स्पेनिश आ फ्रेंच। आज के हॉलीवुड अक्सर फिलिम निर्माण के काम यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड जइसन देशन में आउटसोर्स करेला। चार गो प्रमुख फिलिम स्टूडियो—[[यूनिवर्सल पिक्चर्स]], [[स्काईडांस मोशन पिक्चर ग्रुप]], [[वॉल्ट डिज्नी स्टूडियो]] आ [[सोनी पिक्चर्स]]—मीडिया समूह हवे, जे अमेरिकी बॉक्स ऑफिस के कमाई पर प्रभुत्व रखेलें आ दुनिया भर में कुछ सबसे अधिक व्यावसायिक सफलता हासिल करे वाली फिलिम आ टेलीविजन कार्यक्रम बनवले बाड़ें। महँगाई के हिसाब से समायोजित कइला पर, ''गॉन विद द विंड'' (1939) अब तक के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली फिलिम ह। 1894 में [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] में थॉमस एडिसन के किनेटोस्कोप आ किनेटोग्राफ के इस्तेमाल से दुनिया के पहिला कॉमर्शियल [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] प्रदर्शन कइल गइल। अगिला कुछ दशक में मूक फिलिम के निर्माण में बहुत विस्तार भइल। नया स्टूडियो बनलें, ऊ कैलिफोर्निया में स्थानांतरित भइलें आ लंबा फिलिम बनावे लगलें। अमेरिका 1927 में दुनिया के पहिला सिंक्रोनाइज्ड साउंड वाला म्यूजिकल फिलिम द जैज सिंगर बनवलस आ अगिला कई दशक तक ध्वनि फिलिम के बिकास में आगे रहल। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री मुख्य रूप से लॉस एंजिल्स काउंटी, कैलिफोर्निया के हॉलीवुड इलाका के आसपास स्थित तीस मील के जोन में केंद्रित रहल बा। निर्देशक डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफिथ फिलिम व्याकरण के बिकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवलें। ऑर्सन वेल्स के सिटिजन केन (1941) के अक्सर समीक्षकन के सर्वेक्षण में अब तक के सबसे महान फिलिम बतावल जाला। हॉलीवुड के ब्यापक रूप से फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सबसे पुरान केंद्र मानल जाला, जहाँ शुरुआती अधिकतर स्टूडियो आ प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के सुरुआत भइल रहे। ई कई गो सिनेमाई विधा के जन्मस्थल भी ह। l1wz9f0hyv1u9em1puvrmgj3bludhfx 814288 814287 2026-11-07T02:01:06Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हॉलीवुड]] जोड़ल गइल 814288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cinema market | name = Cinema of the United States<br />(Hollywood) | image = Hollywood sign (8485145044).jpg | alt = | caption = The [[Hollywood Sign]] in the [[Hollywood Hills]], often regarded as the symbol of the American film industry | screens = 40,393 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis/> | screens_per_capita = 14 per 100,000 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure—Capacity|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=November 5, 2013|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542|url-status=dead}}</ref> | distributors = <!-- To avoid an indiscriminate list, please limit to the traditional "Big Four" studios --> * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney]] * [[Sony Pictures|Sony]] * [[Skydance Corporation|Skydance]] * [[NBCUniversal|Universal]] | produced_year = 2016 | produced_ref = <ref name=production_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production—Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225519/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545|url-status=dead}}</ref> | produced_total = | produced_fictional = 646 (98.5%) | produced_animated = 10 (1.5%) | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2017 | admissions_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 11: Exhibition—Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225511/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538|url-status=dead}}</ref> | admissions_total = 1,239,742,550 | admissions_per_capita = 3.9 (2010)<ref name=cine_aussie>{{cite web|title=Cinema—Admissions per capita|url=http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|publisher=Screen Australia|access-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233447/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|archive-date=November 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2017 | box_office_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis /> | box_office_total = ${{Format price|11118634681}} | box_office_national = <!-- ${{Format price}} --> }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह जहाँ मुख्य रूप से [[अंग्रेजी]] में [[फिलिम]] बने लीं; जे मुख्य रूप से एह देस के सभसे बड़-बड़ [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]] सभ के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] में जुटान से बनल बा। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से ग्लोबल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री पर काफी प्रभाव डालले बा। [[क्लासिकल हॉलीवुड सिनेमा]], जे 1910 के दशक में डेवलप भइल एगो फिलिम निर्माण शैली ह, आजुओ बहुत सारा अमेरिकी फिलिमन के रूप दे रहल बा। फ्रांस के फिलिम निर्माता ऑगस्टे आ लुई लुमियर के अक्सर मोडर्न सिनेमा के सुरुआत के श्रेय दिहल जाला, बाकिर अमेरिकी फिलिम निर्माण तेजी से दुनिया भर में प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिहलस। 2024 के आँकड़ा अनुसार, अमेरिका 544 नेशनल फीचर फिलिम बनवलस, जे [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत]], [[जापान]] आ [[चीन]] के बाद दुनिया के चउथा सबसे बड़ फिलिम निर्माता बनल। हालाँकि, यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड भी अंग्रेजी भाषा के फिलिम बनावेला, बाकिर ई सीधे हॉलीवुड सिस्टम के हिस्सा ना हवे; अक्सर लोग गलती से सगरी अंग्रेजी भासा के फिलिम सभ के हॉलीवुड के फिलिम कह देला। वैश्विक पहुँच के चलते हॉलीवुड के अक्सर एगो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सिनेमा के रूप में देखल जाला। एकरे अलावा, एकर कुछ फिलिम कई भाषा में रिलीज होखेली स, जइसे स्पेनिश आ फ्रेंच। आज के हॉलीवुड अक्सर फिलिम निर्माण के काम यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड जइसन देशन में आउटसोर्स करेला। चार गो प्रमुख फिलिम स्टूडियो—[[यूनिवर्सल पिक्चर्स]], [[स्काईडांस मोशन पिक्चर ग्रुप]], [[वॉल्ट डिज्नी स्टूडियो]] आ [[सोनी पिक्चर्स]]—मीडिया समूह हवे, जे अमेरिकी बॉक्स ऑफिस के कमाई पर प्रभुत्व रखेलें आ दुनिया भर में कुछ सबसे अधिक व्यावसायिक सफलता हासिल करे वाली फिलिम आ टेलीविजन कार्यक्रम बनवले बाड़ें। महँगाई के हिसाब से समायोजित कइला पर, ''गॉन विद द विंड'' (1939) अब तक के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली फिलिम ह। 1894 में [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] में थॉमस एडिसन के किनेटोस्कोप आ किनेटोग्राफ के इस्तेमाल से दुनिया के पहिला कॉमर्शियल [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] प्रदर्शन कइल गइल। अगिला कुछ दशक में मूक फिलिम के निर्माण में बहुत विस्तार भइल। नया स्टूडियो बनलें, ऊ कैलिफोर्निया में स्थानांतरित भइलें आ लंबा फिलिम बनावे लगलें। अमेरिका 1927 में दुनिया के पहिला सिंक्रोनाइज्ड साउंड वाला म्यूजिकल फिलिम द जैज सिंगर बनवलस आ अगिला कई दशक तक ध्वनि फिलिम के बिकास में आगे रहल। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री मुख्य रूप से लॉस एंजिल्स काउंटी, कैलिफोर्निया के हॉलीवुड इलाका के आसपास स्थित तीस मील के जोन में केंद्रित रहल बा। निर्देशक डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफिथ फिलिम व्याकरण के बिकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवलें। ऑर्सन वेल्स के सिटिजन केन (1941) के अक्सर समीक्षकन के सर्वेक्षण में अब तक के सबसे महान फिलिम बतावल जाला। हॉलीवुड के ब्यापक रूप से फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सबसे पुरान केंद्र मानल जाला, जहाँ शुरुआती अधिकतर स्टूडियो आ प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के सुरुआत भइल रहे। ई कई गो सिनेमाई विधा के जन्मस्थल भी ह। [[श्रेणी:हॉलीवुड| ]] mdx4qsqcdxftuzpc92zjje1no05q2qb 814289 814288 2026-11-07T02:10:59Z SM7 3953 सुधार कइल गइल, अनुबाद कइल गइल 814289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cinema market | name = अमेरिकन सिनेमा<br>(Hollywood) | image = Hollywood sign (8485145044).jpg | alt = | caption = [[हॉलीवुड चीन्हा]] जे [[हॉलीवुड हिल्स]], [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] पर मौजूद बाटे | screens = 40,393 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis/> | screens_per_capita = 14 हर 1,00,000 ब्यक्ति पर(2017)<ref name=screens_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure—Capacity|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=November 5, 2013|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542|url-status=dead}}</ref> | distributors = <!-- To avoid an indiscriminate list, please limit to the traditional "Big Four" studios --> * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney]] * [[Sony Pictures|Sony]] * [[Skydance Corporation|Skydance]] * [[NBCUniversal|Universal]] | produced_year = 2016 | produced_ref = <ref name=production_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production—Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225519/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545|url-status=dead}}</ref> | produced_total = | produced_fictional = 646 (98.5%) | produced_animated = 10 (1.5%) | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2017 | admissions_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 11: Exhibition—Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225511/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538|url-status=dead}}</ref> | admissions_total = 1,239,742,550 | admissions_per_capita = 3.9 (2010)<ref name=cine_aussie>{{cite web|title=Cinema—Admissions per capita|url=http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|publisher=Screen Australia|access-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233447/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|archive-date=November 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2017 | box_office_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis /> | box_office_total = ${{Format price|11118634681}} | box_office_national = <!-- ${{Format price}} --> }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह जहाँ मुख्य रूप से [[अंग्रेजी]] में [[फिलिम]] बने लीं; जे मुख्य रूप से एह देस के सभसे बड़-बड़ [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]] सभ के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] में जुटान से बनल बा। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से ग्लोबल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री पर काफी प्रभाव डालले बा। [[क्लासिकल हॉलीवुड सिनेमा]], जे 1910 के दशक में डेवलप भइल एगो फिलिम निर्माण शैली ह, आजुओ बहुत सारा अमेरिकी फिलिमन के रूप दे रहल बा। फ्रांस के फिलिम निर्माता ऑगस्टे आ लुई लुमियर के अक्सर मोडर्न सिनेमा के सुरुआत के श्रेय दिहल जाला, बाकिर अमेरिकी फिलिम निर्माण तेजी से दुनिया भर में प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिहलस। 2024 के आँकड़ा अनुसार, अमेरिका 544 नेशनल फीचर फिलिम बनवलस, जे [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत]], [[जापान]] आ [[चीन]] के बाद दुनिया के चउथा सबसे बड़ फिलिम निर्माता बनल। हालाँकि, यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड भी अंग्रेजी भाषा के फिलिम बनावेला, बाकिर ई सीधे हॉलीवुड सिस्टम के हिस्सा ना हवे; अक्सर लोग गलती से सगरी अंग्रेजी भासा के फिलिम सभ के हॉलीवुड के फिलिम कह देला। वैश्विक पहुँच के चलते हॉलीवुड के अक्सर एगो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सिनेमा के रूप में देखल जाला। एकरे अलावा, एकर कुछ फिलिम कई भाषा में रिलीज होखेली स, जइसे स्पेनिश आ फ्रेंच। आज के हॉलीवुड अक्सर फिलिम निर्माण के काम यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड जइसन देशन में आउटसोर्स करे ला। चार गो प्रमुख फिलिम स्टूडियो—[[यूनिवर्सल पिक्चर्स]], [[स्काईडांस मोशन पिक्चर ग्रुप]], [[वॉल्ट डिज्नी स्टूडियो]] आ [[सोनी पिक्चर्स]]—मीडिया समूह हवे, जे अमेरिकी बॉक्स ऑफिस के कमाई पर प्रभुत्व रखेलें आ दुनिया भर में कुछ सबसे अधिक व्यावसायिक सफलता हासिल करे वाली फिलिम आ टेलीविजन कार्यक्रम बनवले बाड़ें। महँगाई के हिसाब से समायोजित कइला पर, ''गॉन विद द विंड'' (1939) अब तक के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली फिलिम ह। 1894 में [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] में थॉमस एडिसन के किनेटोस्कोप आ किनेटोग्राफ के इस्तेमाल से दुनिया के पहिला कॉमर्शियल [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] प्रदर्शन कइल गइल। अगिला कुछ दशक में मूक फिलिम के निर्माण में बहुत विस्तार भइल। नया स्टूडियो बनलें, ऊ कैलिफोर्निया में स्थानांतरित भइलें आ लंबा फिलिम बनावे लगलें। अमेरिका 1927 में दुनिया के पहिला सिंक्रोनाइज्ड साउंड वाला म्यूजिकल फिलिम द जैज सिंगर बनवलस आ अगिला कई दशक तक ध्वनि फिलिम के बिकास में आगे रहल। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री मुख्य रूप से [[लॉस एंजेलिस काउंटी]], [[कैलिफोर्निया]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] के आसपास स्थित तीस मील के जोन में केंद्रित रहल बा। निर्देशक [[डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफिथ]] फिलिम व्याकरण के बिकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवलें। [[ऑर्सन वेल्स]] के ''[[सिटिजन केन]]'' (1941) के अक्सर समीक्षकन के सर्वेक्षण में अब तक के सबसे महान फिलिम बतावल जाला। हॉलीवुड के ब्यापक रूप से फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सबसे पुरान सेंटर मानल जाला, जहाँ शुरुआती अधिकतर स्टूडियो आ प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के सुरुआत भइल रहे। ई कई गो सिनेमाई विधा के जनमभूँइ हउवे। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हॉलीवुड| ]] ms52ukwimigftlb3n4zdufuw6asufol 814291 814289 2026-11-07T02:19:46Z SM7 3953 संदर्भ जोड़ल/सुधारल गइल 814291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cinema market | name = अमेरिकन सिनेमा<br>(Hollywood) | image = Hollywood sign (8485145044).jpg | alt = | caption = [[हॉलीवुड चीन्हा]] जे [[हॉलीवुड हिल्स]], [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] पर मौजूद बाटे | screens = 40,393 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis/> | screens_per_capita = 14 हर 1,00,000 ब्यक्ति पर(2017)<ref name=screens_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure—Capacity|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=November 5, 2013|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542|url-status=dead}}</ref> | distributors = <!-- To avoid an indiscriminate list, please limit to the traditional "Big Four" studios --> * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney]] * [[Sony Pictures|Sony]] * [[Skydance Corporation|Skydance]] * [[NBCUniversal|Universal]] | produced_year = 2016 | produced_ref = <ref name=production_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production—Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225519/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545|url-status=dead}}</ref> | produced_total = | produced_fictional = 646 (98.5%) | produced_animated = 10 (1.5%) | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2017 | admissions_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 11: Exhibition—Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225511/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538|url-status=dead}}</ref> | admissions_total = 1,239,742,550 | admissions_per_capita = 3.9 (2010)<ref name=cine_aussie>{{cite web|title=Cinema—Admissions per capita|url=http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|publisher=Screen Australia|access-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233447/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|archive-date=November 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2017 | box_office_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis /> | box_office_total = ${{Format price|11118634681}} | box_office_national = <!-- ${{Format price}} --> }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह जहाँ मुख्य रूप से [[अंग्रेजी]] में [[फिलिम]] बने लीं; जे मुख्य रूप से एह देस के सभसे बड़-बड़ [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]] सभ के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] में जुटान से बनल बा। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से ग्लोबल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री पर काफी प्रभाव डालले बा। [[क्लासिकल हॉलीवुड सिनेमा]], जे 1910 के दशक में डेवलप भइल एगो फिलिम निर्माण शैली ह, आजुओ बहुत सारा अमेरिकी फिलिमन के रूप दे रहल बा।<ref name=lumiere_pioneers>{{cite web |title=The Lumière Brothers, Pioneers of Cinema |date=October 3, 2014 |url=http://www.history.com/news/the-lumiere-brothers-pioneers-of-cinema|publisher=History Channel|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref> फ्रांस के फिलिम निर्माता ऑगस्टे आ लुई लुमियर के अक्सर मोडर्न सिनेमा के सुरुआत के श्रेय दिहल जाला, बाकिर अमेरिकी फिलिम निर्माण तेजी से दुनिया भर में प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिहलस। 2024 के आँकड़ा अनुसार, अमेरिका 544 नेशनल फीचर फिलिम बनवलस, जे [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत]], [[जापान]] आ [[चीन]] के बाद दुनिया के चउथा सबसे बड़ फिलिम निर्माता बनल।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hancock |first=David |date=May 26, 2026 |title=Lights, Camera, Records: Global Film Production Hits a Record - Global box office revenues still trailing |url=https://www.wipo.int/en/web/global-innovation-index/w/blogs/2026/lights-camera-records-global-film-production |website=wipo.int |publisher= World Intellectual Property Organization}}</ref> हालाँकि, यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड भी अंग्रेजी भाषा के फिलिम बनावेला, बाकिर ई सीधे हॉलीवुड सिस्टम के हिस्सा ना हवे; अक्सर लोग गलती से सगरी अंग्रेजी भासा के फिलिम सभ के हॉलीवुड के फिलिम कह देला। वैश्विक पहुँच के चलते हॉलीवुड के अक्सर एगो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सिनेमा के रूप में देखल जाला। एकरे अलावा, एकर कुछ फिलिम कई भाषा में रिलीज होखेली स, जइसे स्पेनिश आ फ्रेंच। आज के हॉलीवुड अक्सर फिलिम निर्माण के काम यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड जइसन देशन में आउटसोर्स करे ला। चार गो प्रमुख फिलिम स्टूडियो—[[यूनिवर्सल पिक्चर्स]], [[स्काईडांस मोशन पिक्चर ग्रुप]], [[वॉल्ट डिज्नी स्टूडियो]] आ [[सोनी पिक्चर्स]]—मीडिया समूह हवे, जे अमेरिकी बॉक्स ऑफिस के कमाई पर प्रभुत्व रखेलें आ दुनिया भर में कुछ सबसे अधिक व्यावसायिक सफलता हासिल करे वाली फिलिम आ टेलीविजन कार्यक्रम बनवले बाड़ें।<ref name="Kerrigan_Page_18">{{cite book |last1=Kerrigan |first1=Finola |title=Film Marketing |date=2010 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |location=Oxford |isbn=9780750686839 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ufMdvuuTQ7MC&pg=PA18 |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Glyn |last2=Dickinson |first2=Kay |last3=Patti |first3=Lisa |last4=Villarejo |first4=Amy |title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |isbn=9781317623380 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA299 }}</ref> महँगाई के हिसाब से समायोजित कइला पर, ''गॉन विद द विंड'' (1939) अब तक के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली फिलिम ह।<ref name="gwtw tcm">{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Frank |last2=Stafford |first2=Jeff |date=January 5, 2007 |title=Gone With the Wind (1939) – Articles |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/414427/gone-with-the-wind#articles-reviews |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926003430/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/414427/Gone-With-the-Wind/articles.html |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> 1894 में [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] में थॉमस एडिसन के [[किनेटोस्कोप]]<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/technology/Kinetoscope Kinetoscope] [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]</ref> and kinetograph.<ref>{{Cite web |author=((History.com Editors)) |date=February 9, 2010 |title=Thomas Edison patents the Kinetograph |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/edison-patents-the-kinetograph |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=HISTORY}}</ref> आ किनेटोग्राफ के इस्तेमाल से दुनिया के पहिला कॉमर्शियल [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] प्रदर्शन कइल गइल। अगिला कुछ दशक में मूक फिलिम के निर्माण में बहुत विस्तार भइल। नया स्टूडियो बनलें, ऊ कैलिफोर्निया में स्थानांतरित भइलें आ लंबा फिलिम बनावे लगलें। अमेरिका 1927 में दुनिया के पहिला सिंक्रोनाइज्ड साउंड वाला म्यूजिकल फिलिम ''द जैज सिंगर'' बनवलस<ref name="time.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3457278/the-jazz-singer/|title=Why Contemporary Commentators Missed the Point With 'The Jazz Singer'|magazine=[[टाइम (मैगजीन)|Time]]}}</ref> आ अगिला कई दशक तक ध्वनि फिलिम के बिकास में आगे रहल। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री मुख्य रूप से [[लॉस एंजेलिस काउंटी]], [[कैलिफोर्निया]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] के आसपास स्थित तीस मील के जोन में केंद्रित रहल बा। निर्देशक [[डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफिथ]] फिलिम व्याकरण के बिकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवलें। [[ऑर्सन वेल्स]] के ''[[सिटिजन केन]]'' (1941) के अक्सर समीक्षकन के सर्वेक्षण में अब तक के सबसे महान फिलिम बतावल जाला।<ref>[http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html ''Village Voice'': 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174817/http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html |date=March 31, 2014 }}. Filmsite.org; {{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-long.html |title=''Sight and Sound'' Top Ten Poll 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515211647/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-long.html |archive-date=May 15, 2012 |df=mdy |publisher=[[ब्रिटिश फिलिम इंस्टीट्यूट]] |access-date=June 19, 2007 }}</ref> हॉलीवुड के ब्यापक रूप से फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सबसे पुरान सेंटर मानल जाला, जहाँ शुरुआती अधिकतर स्टूडियो आ प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के सुरुआत भइल रहे। ई कई गो सिनेमाई विधा के जनमभूँइ हउवे।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenstone |first=Robert A. |date=1985 |editor-last=Schatz |editor-first=Thomas |editor2-last=Isenberg |editor2-first=Michael T. |editor3-last=Roffman |editor3-first=Peter |editor4-last=Purdy |editor4-first=Jim |editor5-last=Cavell |editor5-first=Stanley |editor6-last=Alexander |editor6-first=William |title=Genres, History, and Hollywood. A Review Article |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/178501 |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=367–375 |doi=10.1017/S0010417500011427 |jstor=178501 |issn=0010-4175|url-access=subscription}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हॉलीवुड| ]] hoaup3sdqrravh7lhuykin1ro09a247 814292 814291 2026-11-07T02:22:49Z SM7 3953 +हैटनोट + आधार टैग 814292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|अमेरिकन फिलिम इंडस्ट्री|एही नाँव के इलाका जेकरा नाँव प एह इंडस्ट्री के नाँव ह|हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस}} {{Infobox cinema market | name = अमेरिकन सिनेमा<br>(Hollywood) | image = Hollywood sign (8485145044).jpg | alt = | caption = [[हॉलीवुड चीन्हा]] जे [[हॉलीवुड हिल्स]], [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस]] पर मौजूद बाटे | screens = 40,393 (2017)<ref name=screens_uis/> | screens_per_capita = 14 हर 1,00,000 ब्यक्ति पर(2017)<ref name=screens_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure—Capacity|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=November 5, 2013|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542|url-status=dead}}</ref> | distributors = <!-- To avoid an indiscriminate list, please limit to the traditional "Big Four" studios --> * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney]] * [[Sony Pictures|Sony]] * [[Skydance Corporation|Skydance]] * [[NBCUniversal|Universal]] | produced_year = 2016 | produced_ref = <ref name=production_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 1: Feature Film Production—Genre/Method of Shooting|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225519/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545|url-status=dead}}</ref> | produced_total = | produced_fictional = 646 (98.5%) | produced_animated = 10 (1.5%) | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2017 | admissions_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis>{{cite web|title=Table 11: Exhibition—Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225511/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538|url-status=dead}}</ref> | admissions_total = 1,239,742,550 | admissions_per_capita = 3.9 (2010)<ref name=cine_aussie>{{cite web|title=Cinema—Admissions per capita|url=http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|publisher=Screen Australia|access-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233447/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompadmitper.aspx|archive-date=November 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2017 | box_office_ref = <ref name=adm_gross_uis /> | box_office_total = ${{Format price|11118634681}} | box_office_national = <!-- ${{Format price}} --> }} '''हॉलीवुड''' [[अमेरिका]] के [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] ह जहाँ मुख्य रूप से [[अंग्रेजी]] में [[फिलिम]] बने लीं; जे मुख्य रूप से एह देस के सभसे बड़-बड़ [[फिलिम स्टूडियो]] सभ के [[लॉस एंजेलिस]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] में जुटान से बनल बा। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से ग्लोबल फिलिम इंडस्ट्री पर काफी प्रभाव डालले बा। [[क्लासिकल हॉलीवुड सिनेमा]], जे 1910 के दशक में डेवलप भइल एगो फिलिम निर्माण शैली ह, आजुओ बहुत सारा अमेरिकी फिलिमन के रूप दे रहल बा।<ref name=lumiere_pioneers>{{cite web |title=The Lumière Brothers, Pioneers of Cinema |date=October 3, 2014 |url=http://www.history.com/news/the-lumiere-brothers-pioneers-of-cinema|publisher=History Channel|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref> फ्रांस के फिलिम निर्माता ऑगस्टे आ लुई लुमियर के अक्सर मोडर्न सिनेमा के सुरुआत के श्रेय दिहल जाला, बाकिर अमेरिकी फिलिम निर्माण तेजी से दुनिया भर में प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिहलस। 2024 के आँकड़ा अनुसार, अमेरिका 544 नेशनल फीचर फिलिम बनवलस, जे [[भारतीय सिनेमा|भारत]], [[जापान]] आ [[चीन]] के बाद दुनिया के चउथा सबसे बड़ फिलिम निर्माता बनल।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hancock |first=David |date=May 26, 2026 |title=Lights, Camera, Records: Global Film Production Hits a Record - Global box office revenues still trailing |url=https://www.wipo.int/en/web/global-innovation-index/w/blogs/2026/lights-camera-records-global-film-production |website=wipo.int |publisher= World Intellectual Property Organization}}</ref> हालाँकि, यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड भी अंग्रेजी भाषा के फिलिम बनावेला, बाकिर ई सीधे हॉलीवुड सिस्टम के हिस्सा ना हवे; अक्सर लोग गलती से सगरी अंग्रेजी भासा के फिलिम सभ के हॉलीवुड के फिलिम कह देला। वैश्विक पहुँच के चलते हॉलीवुड के अक्सर एगो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सिनेमा के रूप में देखल जाला। एकरे अलावा, एकर कुछ फिलिम कई भाषा में रिलीज होखेली स, जइसे स्पेनिश आ फ्रेंच। आज के हॉलीवुड अक्सर फिलिम निर्माण के काम यूनाइटेड किंगडम, कनाडा, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आ न्यूजीलैंड जइसन देशन में आउटसोर्स करे ला। चार गो प्रमुख फिलिम स्टूडियो—[[यूनिवर्सल पिक्चर्स]], [[स्काईडांस मोशन पिक्चर ग्रुप]], [[वॉल्ट डिज्नी स्टूडियो]] आ [[सोनी पिक्चर्स]]—मीडिया समूह हवे, जे अमेरिकी बॉक्स ऑफिस के कमाई पर प्रभुत्व रखेलें आ दुनिया भर में कुछ सबसे अधिक व्यावसायिक सफलता हासिल करे वाली फिलिम आ टेलीविजन कार्यक्रम बनवले बाड़ें।<ref name="Kerrigan_Page_18">{{cite book |last1=Kerrigan |first1=Finola |title=Film Marketing |date=2010 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |location=Oxford |isbn=9780750686839 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ufMdvuuTQ7MC&pg=PA18 |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Glyn |last2=Dickinson |first2=Kay |last3=Patti |first3=Lisa |last4=Villarejo |first4=Amy |title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |isbn=9781317623380 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA299 }}</ref> महँगाई के हिसाब से समायोजित कइला पर, ''गॉन विद द विंड'' (1939) अब तक के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली फिलिम ह।<ref name="gwtw tcm">{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Frank |last2=Stafford |first2=Jeff |date=January 5, 2007 |title=Gone With the Wind (1939) – Articles |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/414427/gone-with-the-wind#articles-reviews |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926003430/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/414427/Gone-With-the-Wind/articles.html |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> 1894 में [[न्यूयॉर्क सिटी]] में थॉमस एडिसन के [[किनेटोस्कोप]]<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/technology/Kinetoscope Kinetoscope] [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]</ref> and kinetograph.<ref>{{Cite web |author=((History.com Editors)) |date=February 9, 2010 |title=Thomas Edison patents the Kinetograph |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/edison-patents-the-kinetograph |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=HISTORY}}</ref> आ किनेटोग्राफ के इस्तेमाल से दुनिया के पहिला कॉमर्शियल [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] प्रदर्शन कइल गइल। अगिला कुछ दशक में मूक फिलिम के निर्माण में बहुत विस्तार भइल। नया स्टूडियो बनलें, ऊ कैलिफोर्निया में स्थानांतरित भइलें आ लंबा फिलिम बनावे लगलें। अमेरिका 1927 में दुनिया के पहिला सिंक्रोनाइज्ड साउंड वाला म्यूजिकल फिलिम ''द जैज सिंगर'' बनवलस<ref name="time.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3457278/the-jazz-singer/|title=Why Contemporary Commentators Missed the Point With 'The Jazz Singer'|magazine=[[टाइम (मैगजीन)|Time]]}}</ref> आ अगिला कई दशक तक ध्वनि फिलिम के बिकास में आगे रहल। 20वीं सदी के सुरुआत से अमेरिकी फिलिम इंडस्ट्री मुख्य रूप से [[लॉस एंजेलिस काउंटी]], [[कैलिफोर्निया]] के [[हॉलीवुड, लॉस एंजेलिस|हॉलीवुड इलाका]] के आसपास स्थित तीस मील के जोन में केंद्रित रहल बा। निर्देशक [[डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफिथ]] फिलिम व्याकरण के बिकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभवलें। [[ऑर्सन वेल्स]] के ''[[सिटिजन केन]]'' (1941) के अक्सर समीक्षकन के सर्वेक्षण में अब तक के सबसे महान फिलिम बतावल जाला।<ref>[http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html ''Village Voice'': 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174817/http://www.filmsite.org/villvoice.html |date=March 31, 2014 }}. Filmsite.org; {{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-long.html |title=''Sight and Sound'' Top Ten Poll 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515211647/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-long.html |archive-date=May 15, 2012 |df=mdy |publisher=[[ब्रिटिश फिलिम इंस्टीट्यूट]] |access-date=June 19, 2007 }}</ref> हॉलीवुड के ब्यापक रूप से फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के सबसे पुरान सेंटर मानल जाला, जहाँ शुरुआती अधिकतर स्टूडियो आ प्रोडक्शन कंपनी के सुरुआत भइल रहे। ई कई गो सिनेमाई विधा के जनमभूँइ हउवे।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenstone |first=Robert A. |date=1985 |editor-last=Schatz |editor-first=Thomas |editor2-last=Isenberg |editor2-first=Michael T. |editor3-last=Roffman |editor3-first=Peter |editor4-last=Purdy |editor4-first=Jim |editor5-last=Cavell |editor5-first=Stanley |editor6-last=Alexander |editor6-first=William |title=Genres, History, and Hollywood. A Review Article |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/178501 |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=367–375 |doi=10.1017/S0010417500011427 |jstor=178501 |issn=0010-4175|url-access=subscription}}</ref> {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हॉलीवुड| ]] {{industry-stub}} r0ibfd6n75c50w5pxukil5gn4lwufhx 0 101979 814294 2026-11-07T04:24:27Z SM7 3953 पन्ना [[पैन-इंडिया फिलिम]] पर अनुप्रेषित कइल गइल 814294 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[पैन-इंडिया फिलिम]] oiievnu5nt7h02amwhqd9ykelu69qbs 0 101980 814295 2026-11-07T04:37:54Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख 814295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''पैन-इंडिया''' फिलिम<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-04-22 |title=Top Producers Break Down Idealized Concept of a Pan India Film at CII Dakshin Conference |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/pan-india-film-dhanush-suriya-rishab-shetty-1235590730/ |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> भा '''पैन-इंडियन फिलिम''' [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] से जुड़ल एगो शब्द ह, जेकर हाल में सुरुआत [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] से भइल। ई साउथ के फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के चार गो भाषा तमिल, तेलुगु, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम के मुख्यधारा के कॉमर्शियल सिनेमा के एगो रूप ह, जे हिंदी आ अउरी भाषा में डब कइल जालीं आ देश भर के दर्शकन के पसंद आवे ला आ एकर पहुँच पूरा दुनिया के बजार तक बा। एकरा के पैन-इंडियन सिनेमा<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=2026-09-19 |title=The Baahubali era of pan-India cinema is dying a slow death and signs are everywhere |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-baahubali-era-of-pan-india-cinema-is-dying-a-slow-death-and-signs-are-everywhere-2997556-2026-09-19 |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> के नाँव से भी जिकिर कइल जाला। [[एस. एस. राजामौली]] आपन एपिक एक्शन फिलिम के दू भाग—''बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग'' (2015) आ ''बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन'' (2017)—के जरिए पैन-इंडियन फिलिम आंदोलन के अगुआई कइलें।<ref>{{cite web |title=pan-India film |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/pan-India-film |website=Britannica |access-date=7 नवंबर 2026}}</ref> एह फिलिमन भारतीय फिलिम इंडस्ट्री में एगो महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव के संकेत दिहली स आ एकर दर्शक वर्ग आ पॉपुलरिटी के दायरा नया रूप दिहली स। पैन-इंडियन फिलिम के आमतौर पर भारत के कई गो भाषा में प्रचारित आ रिलीज कइल जाला। एह भाषा में तेलुगु, हिंदी, तमिल, मलयालम, कन्नड़ आ अउरी क्षेत्रीय भाषा शामिल बाड़ी स। अइसन फिलिमन के उद्देश्य भाषाई, जनसांख्यिकीय, सामाजिक, क्षेत्रीय, जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक बाधा के पार करके व्यापक दर्शक वर्ग तक पहुँचल आ उनकरा बीच पॉपुलरिटी हासिल कइल होला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590146680/ IMDB पर पैन-इंडियन फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट] tp4m1kl5m082shszv374k4j5ppth851 814296 814295 2026-11-07T04:39:29Z SM7 3953 ज्ञानसंदूक जोड़ल गइल 814296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Film Movement |name = Pan-Indian film |yearsactive = 2015–अबतक |country = भारत |majorfigures = [[एस. एस. राजामौली]]<!--ADDITIONS WITHOUT RELIABLE SOURCE WILL BE REMOVED--> |influenced = [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] |image = India film clapperboard (variant).svg }} '''पैन-इंडिया''' फिलिम<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-04-22 |title=Top Producers Break Down Idealized Concept of a Pan India Film at CII Dakshin Conference |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/pan-india-film-dhanush-suriya-rishab-shetty-1235590730/ |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> भा '''पैन-इंडियन फिलिम''' [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] से जुड़ल एगो शब्द ह, जेकर हाल में सुरुआत [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] से भइल। ई साउथ के फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के चार गो भाषा तमिल, तेलुगु, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम के मुख्यधारा के कॉमर्शियल सिनेमा के एगो रूप ह, जे हिंदी आ अउरी भाषा में डब कइल जालीं आ देश भर के दर्शकन के पसंद आवे ला आ एकर पहुँच पूरा दुनिया के बजार तक बा। एकरा के पैन-इंडियन सिनेमा<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=2026-09-19 |title=The Baahubali era of pan-India cinema is dying a slow death and signs are everywhere |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-baahubali-era-of-pan-india-cinema-is-dying-a-slow-death-and-signs-are-everywhere-2997556-2026-09-19 |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> के नाँव से भी जिकिर कइल जाला। [[एस. एस. राजामौली]] आपन एपिक एक्शन फिलिम के दू भाग—''बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग'' (2015) आ ''बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन'' (2017)—के जरिए पैन-इंडियन फिलिम आंदोलन के अगुआई कइलें।<ref>{{cite web |title=pan-India film |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/pan-India-film |website=Britannica |access-date=7 नवंबर 2026}}</ref> एह फिलिमन भारतीय फिलिम इंडस्ट्री में एगो महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव के संकेत दिहली स आ एकर दर्शक वर्ग आ पॉपुलरिटी के दायरा नया रूप दिहली स। पैन-इंडियन फिलिम के आमतौर पर भारत के कई गो भाषा में प्रचारित आ रिलीज कइल जाला। एह भाषा में तेलुगु, हिंदी, तमिल, मलयालम, कन्नड़ आ अउरी क्षेत्रीय भाषा शामिल बाड़ी स। अइसन फिलिमन के उद्देश्य भाषाई, जनसांख्यिकीय, सामाजिक, क्षेत्रीय, जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक बाधा के पार करके व्यापक दर्शक वर्ग तक पहुँचल आ उनकरा बीच पॉपुलरिटी हासिल कइल होला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590146680/ IMDB पर पैन-इंडियन फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट] i9rdvru471o3cflur3gkavarmgn8utt 814305 814296 2026-11-07T04:42:38Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] जोड़ल गइल 814305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Film Movement |name = Pan-Indian film |yearsactive = 2015–अबतक |country = भारत |majorfigures = [[एस. एस. राजामौली]]<!--ADDITIONS WITHOUT RELIABLE SOURCE WILL BE REMOVED--> |influenced = [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] |image = India film clapperboard (variant).svg }} '''पैन-इंडिया''' फिलिम<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-04-22 |title=Top Producers Break Down Idealized Concept of a Pan India Film at CII Dakshin Conference |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/pan-india-film-dhanush-suriya-rishab-shetty-1235590730/ |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> भा '''पैन-इंडियन फिलिम''' [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] से जुड़ल एगो शब्द ह, जेकर हाल में सुरुआत [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] से भइल। ई साउथ के फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के चार गो भाषा तमिल, तेलुगु, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम के मुख्यधारा के कॉमर्शियल सिनेमा के एगो रूप ह, जे हिंदी आ अउरी भाषा में डब कइल जालीं आ देश भर के दर्शकन के पसंद आवे ला आ एकर पहुँच पूरा दुनिया के बजार तक बा। एकरा के पैन-इंडियन सिनेमा<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=2026-09-19 |title=The Baahubali era of pan-India cinema is dying a slow death and signs are everywhere |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-baahubali-era-of-pan-india-cinema-is-dying-a-slow-death-and-signs-are-everywhere-2997556-2026-09-19 |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> के नाँव से भी जिकिर कइल जाला। [[एस. एस. राजामौली]] आपन एपिक एक्शन फिलिम के दू भाग—''बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग'' (2015) आ ''बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन'' (2017)—के जरिए पैन-इंडियन फिलिम आंदोलन के अगुआई कइलें।<ref>{{cite web |title=pan-India film |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/pan-India-film |website=Britannica |access-date=7 नवंबर 2026}}</ref> एह फिलिमन भारतीय फिलिम इंडस्ट्री में एगो महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव के संकेत दिहली स आ एकर दर्शक वर्ग आ पॉपुलरिटी के दायरा नया रूप दिहली स। पैन-इंडियन फिलिम के आमतौर पर भारत के कई गो भाषा में प्रचारित आ रिलीज कइल जाला। एह भाषा में तेलुगु, हिंदी, तमिल, मलयालम, कन्नड़ आ अउरी क्षेत्रीय भाषा शामिल बाड़ी स। अइसन फिलिमन के उद्देश्य भाषाई, जनसांख्यिकीय, सामाजिक, क्षेत्रीय, जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक बाधा के पार करके व्यापक दर्शक वर्ग तक पहुँचल आ उनकरा बीच पॉपुलरिटी हासिल कइल होला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590146680/ IMDB पर पैन-इंडियन फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] q0uvrbr8oymd7t6b1co8lt7tocrvb7w 814307 814305 2026-11-07T05:18:14Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] जोड़ल गइल 814307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Film Movement |name = Pan-Indian film |yearsactive = 2015–अबतक |country = भारत |majorfigures = [[एस. एस. राजामौली]]<!--ADDITIONS WITHOUT RELIABLE SOURCE WILL BE REMOVED--> |influenced = [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] |image = India film clapperboard (variant).svg }} '''पैन-इंडिया''' फिलिम<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-04-22 |title=Top Producers Break Down Idealized Concept of a Pan India Film at CII Dakshin Conference |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/pan-india-film-dhanush-suriya-rishab-shetty-1235590730/ |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> भा '''पैन-इंडियन फिलिम''' [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] से जुड़ल एगो शब्द ह, जेकर हाल में सुरुआत [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] से भइल। ई साउथ के फिलिम इंडस्ट्री के चार गो भाषा तमिल, तेलुगु, कन्नड़ आ मलयालम के मुख्यधारा के कॉमर्शियल सिनेमा के एगो रूप ह, जे हिंदी आ अउरी भाषा में डब कइल जालीं आ देश भर के दर्शकन के पसंद आवे ला आ एकर पहुँच पूरा दुनिया के बजार तक बा। एकरा के पैन-इंडियन सिनेमा<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=2026-09-19 |title=The Baahubali era of pan-India cinema is dying a slow death and signs are everywhere |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-baahubali-era-of-pan-india-cinema-is-dying-a-slow-death-and-signs-are-everywhere-2997556-2026-09-19 |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> के नाँव से भी जिकिर कइल जाला। [[एस. एस. राजामौली]] आपन एपिक एक्शन फिलिम के दू भाग—''बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग'' (2015) आ ''बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन'' (2017)—के जरिए पैन-इंडियन फिलिम आंदोलन के अगुआई कइलें।<ref>{{cite web |title=pan-India film |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/pan-India-film |website=Britannica |access-date=7 नवंबर 2026}}</ref> एह फिलिमन भारतीय फिलिम इंडस्ट्री में एगो महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव के संकेत दिहली स आ एकर दर्शक वर्ग आ पॉपुलरिटी के दायरा नया रूप दिहली स। पैन-इंडियन फिलिम के आमतौर पर भारत के कई गो भाषा में प्रचारित आ रिलीज कइल जाला। एह भाषा में तेलुगु, हिंदी, तमिल, मलयालम, कन्नड़ आ अउरी क्षेत्रीय भाषा शामिल बाड़ी स। अइसन फिलिमन के उद्देश्य भाषाई, जनसांख्यिकीय, सामाजिक, क्षेत्रीय, जातीय आ सांस्कृतिक बाधा के पार करके व्यापक दर्शक वर्ग तक पहुँचल आ उनकरा बीच पॉपुलरिटी हासिल कइल होला। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} == बाहरी कड़ी == * [https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590146680/ IMDB पर पैन-इंडियन फिलिम सभ के लिस्ट] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] hsj2r3ak41ga1pd42gdb4hahmul9nk8 10 101981 814297 2013-11-05T05:37:37Z en>AvicBot 0 Robot: Fixing double redirect to [[Template:Infobox art movement]] 814297 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox art movement]] fdvwcpcrkld0j90odp94xcc7c5v85f5 814298 814297 2026-11-07T04:39:57Z SM7 3953 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_Film_Movement]] 814297 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox art movement]] fdvwcpcrkld0j90odp94xcc7c5v85f5 10 101982 814299 2013-11-05T05:37:47Z en>AvicBot 0 Robot: Fixing double redirect to [[Template:Infobox art movement/doc]] 814299 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox art movement/doc]] cz4s340jt4iu4hj09xospe4fomt4l6l 814300 814299 2026-11-07T04:41:30Z SM7 3953 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_Film_Movement/doc]] 814299 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox art movement/doc]] cz4s340jt4iu4hj09xospe4fomt4l6l 10 101983 814301 2025-08-30T20:41:06Z en>Zackmann08 0 /* top */ 814301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} == Usage == {{Parameter names example|name|image|image_upright|alt|caption|branch|yearsactive|location|majorfigures|influences|influenced}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto;"> {{Infobox art movement | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | branch = | yearsactive = | location = | majorfigures = | influences = | influenced = }} </syntaxhighlight> == Categories == * {{clc| Pages using infobox art movement with unknown parameters}} == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter ! Explanation |- ! name | Insert the name of the quote. |- ! image | Insert image name. Use only the file name such as abc.jpg |- ! caption | Insert image caption. |- ! branch | Insert the branch (painting, sculpture, architecture, etc) |- ! yearsactive | Insert years active |- ! location | Insert location |- ! majorfigures | Insert major figures |- ! influences | Insert influences of the art movement |- ! influenced | Insert influenced art movements |} {{Film- and television-related infobox templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Film infobox templates]] }}</includeonly> nlkq4rygakt810lkkjjonrh4iwsppcx 814302 814301 2026-11-07T04:41:58Z SM7 3953 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_art_movement/doc]] 814301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} == Usage == {{Parameter names example|name|image|image_upright|alt|caption|branch|yearsactive|location|majorfigures|influences|influenced}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto;"> {{Infobox art movement | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | branch = | yearsactive = | location = | majorfigures = | influences = | influenced = }} </syntaxhighlight> == Categories == * {{clc| Pages using infobox art movement with unknown parameters}} == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter ! Explanation |- ! name | Insert the name of the quote. |- ! image | Insert image name. Use only the file name such as abc.jpg |- ! caption | Insert image caption. |- ! branch | Insert the branch (painting, sculpture, architecture, etc) |- ! yearsactive | Insert years active |- ! location | Insert location |- ! majorfigures | Insert major figures |- ! influences | Insert influences of the art movement |- ! influenced | Insert influenced art movements |} {{Film- and television-related infobox templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Film infobox templates]] }}</includeonly> nlkq4rygakt810lkkjjonrh4iwsppcx 14 101984 814308 2026-11-07T05:18:49Z SM7 3953 पन्ना बनावल गइल "[[श्रेणी:देस अनुसार फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]]" के साथ 814308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[श्रेणी:देस अनुसार फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] 6r52ps8g7gtzxs0sllrng8n5ysky4l6 814309 814308 2026-11-07T05:20:02Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय इंडस्ट्री]] जोड़ल गइल 814309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[श्रेणी:देस अनुसार फिलिम इंडस्ट्री]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय इंडस्ट्री|फिलिम]] 3om75s07dua7hae42hbf8ddf04nrmpg 0 101985 814312 2026-11-07T05:31:53Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख / अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया से अनुबाद कइ के 814312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''कोडुरी श्रीसैला श्री राजामौली''' (जनम: 10 अक्टूबर 1973), जिनका के '''एस. एस. राजामौली''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय फिलिम डाइरेक्टर आ स्क्रीनराइटर हवें, जे [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में काम करे लें। एपिक, एक्शन ड्रामा आ फैंटेसी विधा के फिलिम खातिर जानल जाए वाला राजामौली भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे बेसी फिलिम बनावे वाला आ सबसे अधिक फीस लेवे वाला डाइरेक्टरन में से बाड़ें। राजामौली के कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ इंटरनेशनल सम्मान मिलल बा, जवना में न्यूयॉर्क फिलिम क्रिटिक्स सर्किल अवार्ड, क्रिटिक्स चॉइस मूवी अवार्ड, दू गो सैटर्न अवार्ड, चार गो नेशनल फिलिम अवार्ड, पाँच गो नंदी अवार्ड आ पाँच गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड शामिल बाड़ें। 2016 में भारत सरकार कला के क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर उनका के [[पद्मश्री]] से सम्मानित कइलस। 2023 में उनका के [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम पत्रिका]] के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोग के सूची में शामिल कइल गइल। 2026 में फ्रांस के ल्योन शहर में स्थित प्रतिष्ठित इंस्टीट्यूट लुमिएर के मुर दे सिनेआस्त (फिलिम निर्देशकन के देवाल) पर उनका नाँव स्थायी रूप से जोड़ल गइल। ई संस्थान सिनेमा के जन्मभुई के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलिम बिजनेस विश्लेषक कोमल नाहटा राजामौली के "अब तक के सबसे बड़ भारतीय फिलिम निर्देशक" बतवले बाड़ें, जबकि SOAS के प्रोफेसर रैचल ड्वायर उनका के "आज भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण निर्देशक" कहले बाड़ी। राजामौली बारह गो फीचर फिलिम के निर्देशन कइले बाड़ें आ ई सभ बॉक्स ऑफिस पर सफल रहल बाड़ी स। उनका तीन गो फिलिम—''[[बाहुबली: दि बिगेनिंग|बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग]]'' (2015), ''[[बाहुबली 2: दि कन्क्लूजन|बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन]]'' (2017) आ ''RRR'' (2022)—भारत के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली पनरह गो फिलिम में शामिल बाड़ी स। रिलीज के समय एह तीनों फिलिम के निर्माण भारत के सभसे महँग फिलिम निर्माण रहे। ''बाहुबली 2'' दस अरब रुपया (₹10 बिलियन) से अधिक कमाई करे वाली पहिला भारतीय फिलिम बनल आ सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली भारतीय फिलिम के रिकॉर्ड बनवलस। एह फिलिम के 10 करोड़ से बेसी टिकट बिकाइल, जे 1975 के ''[[शोले]]'' के बाद भारत में कवनो फिलिम खातिर सबसे ढेर टिकट बिक्री के रिकॉर्ड बा। nkn9yp6123r4njxzlaz6kitdjifd63w 814313 814312 2026-11-07T05:32:57Z SM7 3953 ज्ञानसंदूक जोड़ल गइल 814313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = S. S. Rajamouli | image = SS Rajamouli, 2021.jpg | caption = Rajamouli in 2021 | birth_name = Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hire Kotnekal]], [[Mysore State]], India (now in [[Karnataka]], India)<!-- What the place may correspond to on a modern map is a matter for an article's main text. --> | other_names = {{hlist|Jakkanna|Nandi}} | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|Actor}} | works = {{hlist|[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Filmography]]|[[Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli|cinematic style]]}} | relatives = | family = [[List of South Indian film families#Koduri family|Koduri family]] | father = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rama Rajamouli]]|2001}} | children = 2<!--# of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children. --> | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by S. S. Rajamouli|Full list]] | honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 January 2016 |title=Baahubali Director Rajamouli Says he 'Doesn't Deserve' Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''कोडुरी श्रीसैला श्री राजामौली''' (जनम: 10 अक्टूबर 1973), जिनका के '''एस. एस. राजामौली''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय फिलिम डाइरेक्टर आ स्क्रीनराइटर हवें, जे [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में काम करे लें। एपिक, एक्शन ड्रामा आ फैंटेसी विधा के फिलिम खातिर जानल जाए वाला राजामौली भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे बेसी फिलिम बनावे वाला आ सबसे अधिक फीस लेवे वाला डाइरेक्टरन में से बाड़ें। राजामौली के कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ इंटरनेशनल सम्मान मिलल बा, जवना में न्यूयॉर्क फिलिम क्रिटिक्स सर्किल अवार्ड, क्रिटिक्स चॉइस मूवी अवार्ड, दू गो सैटर्न अवार्ड, चार गो नेशनल फिलिम अवार्ड, पाँच गो नंदी अवार्ड आ पाँच गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड शामिल बाड़ें। 2016 में भारत सरकार कला के क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर उनका के [[पद्मश्री]] से सम्मानित कइलस। 2023 में उनका के [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम पत्रिका]] के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोग के सूची में शामिल कइल गइल। 2026 में फ्रांस के ल्योन शहर में स्थित प्रतिष्ठित इंस्टीट्यूट लुमिएर के मुर दे सिनेआस्त (फिलिम निर्देशकन के देवाल) पर उनका नाँव स्थायी रूप से जोड़ल गइल। ई संस्थान सिनेमा के जन्मभुई के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलिम बिजनेस विश्लेषक कोमल नाहटा राजामौली के "अब तक के सबसे बड़ भारतीय फिलिम निर्देशक" बतवले बाड़ें, जबकि SOAS के प्रोफेसर रैचल ड्वायर उनका के "आज भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण निर्देशक" कहले बाड़ी। राजामौली बारह गो फीचर फिलिम के निर्देशन कइले बाड़ें आ ई सभ बॉक्स ऑफिस पर सफल रहल बाड़ी स। उनका तीन गो फिलिम—''[[बाहुबली: दि बिगेनिंग|बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग]]'' (2015), ''[[बाहुबली 2: दि कन्क्लूजन|बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन]]'' (2017) आ ''RRR'' (2022)—भारत के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली पनरह गो फिलिम में शामिल बाड़ी स। रिलीज के समय एह तीनों फिलिम के निर्माण भारत के सभसे महँग फिलिम निर्माण रहे। ''बाहुबली 2'' दस अरब रुपया (₹10 बिलियन) से अधिक कमाई करे वाली पहिला भारतीय फिलिम बनल आ सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली भारतीय फिलिम के रिकॉर्ड बनवलस। एह फिलिम के 10 करोड़ से बेसी टिकट बिकाइल, जे 1975 के ''[[शोले]]'' के बाद भारत में कवनो फिलिम खातिर सबसे ढेर टिकट बिक्री के रिकॉर्ड बा। g8xef981aitrdew1ffj1sis0syzzvhd 814340 814313 2026-11-07T05:36:42Z SM7 3953 +श्रेणीजोड़ल गइल, सुधार कइल गइल 814340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = S. S. Rajamouli | image = SS Rajamouli, 2021.jpg | caption = Rajamouli in 2021 | birth_name = Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hire Kotnekal]], [[Mysore State]], India (now in [[Karnataka]], India)<!-- What the place may correspond to on a modern map is a matter for an article's main text. --> | other_names = {{hlist|Jakkanna|Nandi}} | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|Actor}} | works = {{hlist|[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Filmography]]|[[Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli|cinematic style]]}} | relatives = | family = | father = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rama Rajamouli]]|2001}} | children = 2<!--# of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children. --> | awards = | honours = [[पद्मश्री]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 January 2016 |title=Baahubali Director Rajamouli Says he 'Doesn't Deserve' Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''कोडुरी श्रीसैला श्री राजामौली''' (जनम: 10 अक्टूबर 1973), जिनका के '''एस. एस. राजामौली''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय फिलिम डाइरेक्टर आ स्क्रीनराइटर हवें, जे [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में काम करे लें। एपिक, एक्शन ड्रामा आ फैंटेसी विधा के फिलिम खातिर जानल जाए वाला राजामौली भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे बेसी फिलिम बनावे वाला आ सबसे अधिक फीस लेवे वाला डाइरेक्टरन में से बाड़ें। राजामौली के कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ इंटरनेशनल सम्मान मिलल बा, जवना में न्यूयॉर्क फिलिम क्रिटिक्स सर्किल अवार्ड, क्रिटिक्स चॉइस मूवी अवार्ड, दू गो सैटर्न अवार्ड, चार गो नेशनल फिलिम अवार्ड, पाँच गो नंदी अवार्ड आ पाँच गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड शामिल बाड़ें। 2016 में भारत सरकार कला के क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर उनका के [[पद्मश्री]] से सम्मानित कइलस। 2023 में उनका के [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम पत्रिका]] के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोग के सूची में शामिल कइल गइल। 2026 में फ्रांस के ल्योन शहर में स्थित प्रतिष्ठित इंस्टीट्यूट लुमिएर के मुर दे सिनेआस्त (फिलिम निर्देशकन के देवाल) पर उनका नाँव स्थायी रूप से जोड़ल गइल। ई संस्थान सिनेमा के जन्मभुई के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलिम बिजनेस विश्लेषक कोमल नाहटा राजामौली के "अब तक के सबसे बड़ भारतीय फिलिम निर्देशक" बतवले बाड़ें, जबकि SOAS के प्रोफेसर रैचल ड्वायर उनका के "आज भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण निर्देशक" कहले बाड़ी। राजामौली बारह गो फीचर फिलिम के निर्देशन कइले बाड़ें आ ई सभ बॉक्स ऑफिस पर सफल रहल बाड़ी स। उनका तीन गो फिलिम—''[[बाहुबली: दि बिगेनिंग|बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग]]'' (2015), ''[[बाहुबली 2: दि कन्क्लूजन|बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन]]'' (2017) आ ''RRR'' (2022)—भारत के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली पनरह गो फिलिम में शामिल बाड़ी स। रिलीज के समय एह तीनों फिलिम के निर्माण भारत के सभसे महँग फिलिम निर्माण रहे। ''बाहुबली 2'' दस अरब रुपया (₹10 बिलियन) से अधिक कमाई करे वाली पहिला भारतीय फिलिम बनल आ सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली भारतीय फिलिम के रिकॉर्ड बनवलस। एह फिलिम के 10 करोड़ से बेसी टिकट बिकाइल, जे 1975 के ''[[शोले]]'' के बाद भारत में कवनो फिलिम खातिर सबसे ढेर टिकट बिक्री के रिकॉर्ड बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] {{लोग-आधार}} kplae9xhbkgvnf1w3dto1wgdf2z3vzz 814348 814340 2026-11-07T05:37:09Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:1973 में जनम]] जोड़ल गइल 814348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = S. S. Rajamouli | image = SS Rajamouli, 2021.jpg | caption = Rajamouli in 2021 | birth_name = Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hire Kotnekal]], [[Mysore State]], India (now in [[Karnataka]], India)<!-- What the place may correspond to on a modern map is a matter for an article's main text. --> | other_names = {{hlist|Jakkanna|Nandi}} | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|Actor}} | works = {{hlist|[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Filmography]]|[[Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli|cinematic style]]}} | relatives = | family = | father = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rama Rajamouli]]|2001}} | children = 2<!--# of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children. --> | awards = | honours = [[पद्मश्री]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 January 2016 |title=Baahubali Director Rajamouli Says he 'Doesn't Deserve' Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''कोडुरी श्रीसैला श्री राजामौली''' (जनम: 10 अक्टूबर 1973), जिनका के '''एस. एस. राजामौली''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय फिलिम डाइरेक्टर आ स्क्रीनराइटर हवें, जे [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में काम करे लें। एपिक, एक्शन ड्रामा आ फैंटेसी विधा के फिलिम खातिर जानल जाए वाला राजामौली भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे बेसी फिलिम बनावे वाला आ सबसे अधिक फीस लेवे वाला डाइरेक्टरन में से बाड़ें। राजामौली के कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ इंटरनेशनल सम्मान मिलल बा, जवना में न्यूयॉर्क फिलिम क्रिटिक्स सर्किल अवार्ड, क्रिटिक्स चॉइस मूवी अवार्ड, दू गो सैटर्न अवार्ड, चार गो नेशनल फिलिम अवार्ड, पाँच गो नंदी अवार्ड आ पाँच गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड शामिल बाड़ें। 2016 में भारत सरकार कला के क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर उनका के [[पद्मश्री]] से सम्मानित कइलस। 2023 में उनका के [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम पत्रिका]] के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोग के सूची में शामिल कइल गइल। 2026 में फ्रांस के ल्योन शहर में स्थित प्रतिष्ठित इंस्टीट्यूट लुमिएर के मुर दे सिनेआस्त (फिलिम निर्देशकन के देवाल) पर उनका नाँव स्थायी रूप से जोड़ल गइल। ई संस्थान सिनेमा के जन्मभुई के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलिम बिजनेस विश्लेषक कोमल नाहटा राजामौली के "अब तक के सबसे बड़ भारतीय फिलिम निर्देशक" बतवले बाड़ें, जबकि SOAS के प्रोफेसर रैचल ड्वायर उनका के "आज भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण निर्देशक" कहले बाड़ी। राजामौली बारह गो फीचर फिलिम के निर्देशन कइले बाड़ें आ ई सभ बॉक्स ऑफिस पर सफल रहल बाड़ी स। उनका तीन गो फिलिम—''[[बाहुबली: दि बिगेनिंग|बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग]]'' (2015), ''[[बाहुबली 2: दि कन्क्लूजन|बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन]]'' (2017) आ ''RRR'' (2022)—भारत के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली पनरह गो फिलिम में शामिल बाड़ी स। रिलीज के समय एह तीनों फिलिम के निर्माण भारत के सभसे महँग फिलिम निर्माण रहे। ''बाहुबली 2'' दस अरब रुपया (₹10 बिलियन) से अधिक कमाई करे वाली पहिला भारतीय फिलिम बनल आ सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली भारतीय फिलिम के रिकॉर्ड बनवलस। एह फिलिम के 10 करोड़ से बेसी टिकट बिकाइल, जे 1975 के ''[[शोले]]'' के बाद भारत में कवनो फिलिम खातिर सबसे ढेर टिकट बिक्री के रिकॉर्ड बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1973 में जनम]] {{लोग-आधार}} nu4umrzik2rm1bvdeezicqb4fg7xhhh 814353 814348 2026-11-07T05:37:47Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा]] जोड़ल गइल 814353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = S. S. Rajamouli | image = SS Rajamouli, 2021.jpg | caption = Rajamouli in 2021 | birth_name = Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hire Kotnekal]], [[Mysore State]], India (now in [[Karnataka]], India)<!-- What the place may correspond to on a modern map is a matter for an article's main text. --> | other_names = {{hlist|Jakkanna|Nandi}} | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|Actor}} | works = {{hlist|[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Filmography]]|[[Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli|cinematic style]]}} | relatives = | family = | father = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rama Rajamouli]]|2001}} | children = 2<!--# of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children. --> | awards = | honours = [[पद्मश्री]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 January 2016 |title=Baahubali Director Rajamouli Says he 'Doesn't Deserve' Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''कोडुरी श्रीसैला श्री राजामौली''' (जनम: 10 अक्टूबर 1973), जिनका के '''एस. एस. राजामौली''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय फिलिम डाइरेक्टर आ स्क्रीनराइटर हवें, जे [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में काम करे लें। एपिक, एक्शन ड्रामा आ फैंटेसी विधा के फिलिम खातिर जानल जाए वाला राजामौली भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे बेसी फिलिम बनावे वाला आ सबसे अधिक फीस लेवे वाला डाइरेक्टरन में से बाड़ें। राजामौली के कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ इंटरनेशनल सम्मान मिलल बा, जवना में न्यूयॉर्क फिलिम क्रिटिक्स सर्किल अवार्ड, क्रिटिक्स चॉइस मूवी अवार्ड, दू गो सैटर्न अवार्ड, चार गो नेशनल फिलिम अवार्ड, पाँच गो नंदी अवार्ड आ पाँच गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड शामिल बाड़ें। 2016 में भारत सरकार कला के क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर उनका के [[पद्मश्री]] से सम्मानित कइलस। 2023 में उनका के [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम पत्रिका]] के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोग के सूची में शामिल कइल गइल। 2026 में फ्रांस के ल्योन शहर में स्थित प्रतिष्ठित इंस्टीट्यूट लुमिएर के मुर दे सिनेआस्त (फिलिम निर्देशकन के देवाल) पर उनका नाँव स्थायी रूप से जोड़ल गइल। ई संस्थान सिनेमा के जन्मभुई के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलिम बिजनेस विश्लेषक कोमल नाहटा राजामौली के "अब तक के सबसे बड़ भारतीय फिलिम निर्देशक" बतवले बाड़ें, जबकि SOAS के प्रोफेसर रैचल ड्वायर उनका के "आज भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण निर्देशक" कहले बाड़ी। राजामौली बारह गो फीचर फिलिम के निर्देशन कइले बाड़ें आ ई सभ बॉक्स ऑफिस पर सफल रहल बाड़ी स। उनका तीन गो फिलिम—''[[बाहुबली: दि बिगेनिंग|बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग]]'' (2015), ''[[बाहुबली 2: दि कन्क्लूजन|बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन]]'' (2017) आ ''RRR'' (2022)—भारत के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली पनरह गो फिलिम में शामिल बाड़ी स। रिलीज के समय एह तीनों फिलिम के निर्माण भारत के सभसे महँग फिलिम निर्माण रहे। ''बाहुबली 2'' दस अरब रुपया (₹10 बिलियन) से अधिक कमाई करे वाली पहिला भारतीय फिलिम बनल आ सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली भारतीय फिलिम के रिकॉर्ड बनवलस। एह फिलिम के 10 करोड़ से बेसी टिकट बिकाइल, जे 1975 के ''[[शोले]]'' के बाद भारत में कवनो फिलिम खातिर सबसे ढेर टिकट बिक्री के रिकॉर्ड बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1973 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा]] {{लोग-आधार}} qqd8zk21d12vd4o2uwsmr0uo8rz8xf7 814354 814353 2026-11-07T05:38:11Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के लोग]] जोड़ल गइल 814354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = S. S. Rajamouli | image = SS Rajamouli, 2021.jpg | caption = Rajamouli in 2021 | birth_name = Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hire Kotnekal]], [[Mysore State]], India (now in [[Karnataka]], India)<!-- What the place may correspond to on a modern map is a matter for an article's main text. --> | other_names = {{hlist|Jakkanna|Nandi}} | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|Actor}} | works = {{hlist|[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Filmography]]|[[Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli|cinematic style]]}} | relatives = | family = | father = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rama Rajamouli]]|2001}} | children = 2<!--# of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children. --> | awards = | honours = [[पद्मश्री]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 January 2016 |title=Baahubali Director Rajamouli Says he 'Doesn't Deserve' Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''कोडुरी श्रीसैला श्री राजामौली''' (जनम: 10 अक्टूबर 1973), जिनका के '''एस. एस. राजामौली''' के नाँव से जानल जाला, एगो भारतीय फिलिम डाइरेक्टर आ स्क्रीनराइटर हवें, जे [[तेलुगु सिनेमा]] में काम करे लें। एपिक, एक्शन ड्रामा आ फैंटेसी विधा के फिलिम खातिर जानल जाए वाला राजामौली भारतीय सिनेमा के सबसे बेसी फिलिम बनावे वाला आ सबसे अधिक फीस लेवे वाला डाइरेक्टरन में से बाड़ें। राजामौली के कई गो राष्ट्रीय आ इंटरनेशनल सम्मान मिलल बा, जवना में न्यूयॉर्क फिलिम क्रिटिक्स सर्किल अवार्ड, क्रिटिक्स चॉइस मूवी अवार्ड, दू गो सैटर्न अवार्ड, चार गो नेशनल फिलिम अवार्ड, पाँच गो नंदी अवार्ड आ पाँच गो फिल्मफेयर अवार्ड शामिल बाड़ें। 2016 में भारत सरकार कला के क्षेत्र में योगदान खातिर उनका के [[पद्मश्री]] से सम्मानित कइलस। 2023 में उनका के [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम पत्रिका]] के दुनिया के 100 सबसे प्रभावशाली लोग के सूची में शामिल कइल गइल। 2026 में फ्रांस के ल्योन शहर में स्थित प्रतिष्ठित इंस्टीट्यूट लुमिएर के मुर दे सिनेआस्त (फिलिम निर्देशकन के देवाल) पर उनका नाँव स्थायी रूप से जोड़ल गइल। ई संस्थान सिनेमा के जन्मभुई के रूप में जानल जाला। फिलिम बिजनेस विश्लेषक कोमल नाहटा राजामौली के "अब तक के सबसे बड़ भारतीय फिलिम निर्देशक" बतवले बाड़ें, जबकि SOAS के प्रोफेसर रैचल ड्वायर उनका के "आज भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण निर्देशक" कहले बाड़ी। राजामौली बारह गो फीचर फिलिम के निर्देशन कइले बाड़ें आ ई सभ बॉक्स ऑफिस पर सफल रहल बाड़ी स। उनका तीन गो फिलिम—''[[बाहुबली: दि बिगेनिंग|बाहुबली: द बिगिनिंग]]'' (2015), ''[[बाहुबली 2: दि कन्क्लूजन|बाहुबली 2: द कन्क्लूजन]]'' (2017) आ ''RRR'' (2022)—भारत के सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली पनरह गो फिलिम में शामिल बाड़ी स। रिलीज के समय एह तीनों फिलिम के निर्माण भारत के सभसे महँग फिलिम निर्माण रहे। ''बाहुबली 2'' दस अरब रुपया (₹10 बिलियन) से अधिक कमाई करे वाली पहिला भारतीय फिलिम बनल आ सबसे अधिक कमाई करे वाली भारतीय फिलिम के रिकॉर्ड बनवलस। एह फिलिम के 10 करोड़ से बेसी टिकट बिकाइल, जे 1975 के ''[[शोले]]'' के बाद भारत में कवनो फिलिम खातिर सबसे ढेर टिकट बिक्री के रिकॉर्ड बा। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:जियत लोग]] [[श्रेणी:1973 में जनम]] [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:कर्नाटक के लोग]] {{लोग-आधार}} byoblspnb3zbftsffswy8lwflrou83a 0 101986 814355 2026-11-07T05:44:34Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख / अंग्रेजी विकिपीडिया से अनुबाद कइ के 814355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''तेलुगु सिनेमा''', जेकरा '''टॉलीवुड''' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला, [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] के हिस्सा ह जे [[तेलुगु भाषा]] में [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] बनावे पर फोकस बा। ई भाषा [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्यन में खूब बोलल जाला। [[हैदराबाद]] के [[रामोजी फिलिम सिटी|फिलिम सिटी]] में केंद्रित तेलुगु फिलिम इंडस्ट्री 2022 में 23.3 करोड़ (233 मिलियन) टिकट बेचले रहे, जे भारत के सभ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री सब में सबसे बेसी रहे। 2023 तक आंध्र प्रदेश में भारत के सबसे अधिक सिनेमा स्क्रीन रहलें। 1909 से फिलिम निर्माता रघुपति वेंकैया नायडू शॉर्ट फिलिम बनावे आ दक्षिण एशिया के अलग-अलग इलाका में ओकर प्रदर्शन करे में लागल रहलें। ऊ दक्खिन भारत में भारतीय मालिकाना वाला पहिला सिनेमा हॉल स्थापित कइलें। 1921 में ऊ [[साइलेंट फिलिम]] ''भीष्म प्रतिज्ञा'' बनवलें, जेकरा आमतौर पर पहिला तेलुगु फीचर फिलिम मानल जाला। पहिला तेलुगु फिलिम निर्माता आ प्रदर्शक होखे के चलते नायडू के ‘तेलुगु सिनेमा के जनक’ मानल जाला। पहिला तेलुगु टॉकी (आवाज वाला) फिलिम ''कालिदास'' (1931) मानल जाला, जेकर डाइरेक्शन एच. एम. रेड्डी कइले रहलें, काहेकि एहमें तेलुगु में पूरा लंबाई के संवाद रहल। हालाँकि, ''भक्त प्रह्लाद'' (1932) में पूरा साउंडट्रैक तेलुगु में रहे, आ संवाद भी तेलुगु में रहल। 1950 आ 1960 के दशक के तेलुगु सिनेमा के स्वर्णिम दौर मानल जाला। एह समय फिलिम के निर्माण गुणवत्ता में सुधार भइल, प्रभावशाली फिलिम निर्माता आ मशहूर स्टूडियो सामने आइलें, आ अइसन कई तरह के फिलिम बनल जे जनता के बीच लोकप्रिय भी रहलें आ समीक्षक लोग से सराहना भी पवलें। [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा| ]] [[श्रेणी:साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] {{industry-stub}} g87lo93dl8ecf3btl518eb5t7c7gj2g 814356 814355 2026-11-07T05:46:01Z SM7 3953 814356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Indian cinema}} '''तेलुगु सिनेमा''', जेकरा '''टॉलीवुड''' के नाँव से भी जानल जाला, [[भारतीय सिनेमा]] के हिस्सा ह जे [[तेलुगु भाषा]] में [[फिलिम|मोशन पिक्चर]] बनावे पर फोकस बा। ई भाषा [[आंध्र प्रदेश]] आ [[तेलंगाना]] राज्यन में खूब बोलल जाला। [[हैदराबाद]] के [[रामोजी फिलिम सिटी|फिलिम सिटी]] में केंद्रित तेलुगु फिलिम इंडस्ट्री 2022 में 23.3 करोड़ (233 मिलियन) टिकट बेचले रहे, जे भारत के सभ फिलिम इंडस्ट्री सब में सबसे बेसी रहे। 2023 तक आंध्र प्रदेश में भारत के सबसे अधिक सिनेमा स्क्रीन रहलें। 1909 से फिलिम निर्माता रघुपति वेंकैया नायडू शॉर्ट फिलिम बनावे आ दक्षिण एशिया के अलग-अलग इलाका में ओकर प्रदर्शन करे में लागल रहलें। ऊ दक्खिन भारत में भारतीय मालिकाना वाला पहिला सिनेमा हॉल स्थापित कइलें। 1921 में ऊ [[साइलेंट फिलिम]] ''भीष्म प्रतिज्ञा'' बनवलें, जेकरा आमतौर पर पहिला तेलुगु फीचर फिलिम मानल जाला। पहिला तेलुगु फिलिम निर्माता आ प्रदर्शक होखे के चलते नायडू के ‘तेलुगु सिनेमा के जनक’ मानल जाला। पहिला तेलुगु टॉकी (आवाज वाला) फिलिम ''कालिदास'' (1931) मानल जाला, जेकर डाइरेक्शन एच. एम. रेड्डी कइले रहलें, काहेकि एहमें तेलुगु में पूरा लंबाई के संवाद रहल। हालाँकि, ''भक्त प्रह्लाद'' (1932) में पूरा साउंडट्रैक तेलुगु में रहे, आ संवाद भी तेलुगु में रहल। 1950 आ 1960 के दशक के तेलुगु सिनेमा के स्वर्णिम दौर मानल जाला। एह समय फिलिम के निर्माण गुणवत्ता में सुधार भइल, प्रभावशाली फिलिम निर्माता आ मशहूर स्टूडियो सामने आइलें, आ अइसन कई तरह के फिलिम बनल जे जनता के बीच लोकप्रिय भी रहलें आ समीक्षक लोग से सराहना भी पवलें। [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा| ]] [[श्रेणी:साउथ इंडियन सिनेमा]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय सिनेमा]] {{industry-stub}} mlfjthvd5zy66kikbct2gge9oohgclg 0 101987 814357 2026-11-07T05:49:15Z SM7 3953 पन्ना बनावल गइल "'''रामोजी फिलिम सिटी''' भारत के [[हैदराबाद]] के ठीक बाहिर स्थित एगो एकीकृत फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर ह। ई 2,000 एकड़ (810 हेक्टेयर) में फइलल बा। 2005 में गिनीज वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड्स एकरा के द..." के साथ 814357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''रामोजी फिलिम सिटी''' भारत के [[हैदराबाद]] के ठीक बाहिर स्थित एगो एकीकृत फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर ह। ई 2,000 एकड़ (810 हेक्टेयर) में फइलल बा। 2005 में गिनीज वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड्स एकरा के दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर के रूप में मान्यता देले रहे। तेलुगु मीडिया व्यवसायी रामोजी राव 1996 में एकर स्थापना कइले रहलें। द गार्डियन अखबार एकरा के “शहर के भीतर एगो शहर” के रूप में वर्णन कइले बा। फिलिम निर्माण के एगो प्रमुख केंद्र होखे के साथे-साथे रामोजी फिलिम सिटी एगो पॉपुलर पर्यटन स्थल भी ह। एहिजा प्राकृतिक परिदृश्य, आर्टिफिशियल फिलिम सेट आ एगो मनोरंजन पार्क के मेल देखे के मिले ला। हर साल लगभग 15 लाख (1.5 मिलियन) पर्यटक एहिजा घूमे आवे लें। [[श्रेणी:हैदराबाद]] ed6bufh317oz2022woemr4rbcir3i0n 814358 814357 2026-11-07T05:51:38Z SM7 3953 ज्ञानसंदूक जोड़ल गइल 814358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Ramoji Film City | logo = Ramoji_Film_City_Logo.png | image = Ramoji Film City.jpg | image_caption = भव्य एंट्रेंस | type = प्राइवेट कंपनी | industry = [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री|Motion pictures]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1996}} | founder = Cherukuri Ramoji Rao | defunct = | hq_location = | hq_location_city = [Abdullahpurmet, [[हैदराबाद]] | num_locations = | area_served = | key_people = | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = | parent = Ramoji Group | divisions = | subsidiaries = | footnotes = | hq_location_country = [[भारत]] | slogan = | website = {{URL|ramojifilmcity.com}} }} '''रामोजी फिलिम सिटी''' भारत के [[हैदराबाद]] के ठीक बाहिर स्थित एगो एकीकृत फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर ह। ई 2,000 एकड़ (810 हेक्टेयर) में फइलल बा। 2005 में गिनीज वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड्स एकरा के दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर के रूप में मान्यता देले रहे। तेलुगु मीडिया व्यवसायी रामोजी राव 1996 में एकर स्थापना कइले रहलें। द गार्डियन अखबार एकरा के “शहर के भीतर एगो शहर” के रूप में वर्णन कइले बा। फिलिम निर्माण के एगो प्रमुख केंद्र होखे के साथे-साथे रामोजी फिलिम सिटी एगो पॉपुलर पर्यटन स्थल भी ह। एहिजा प्राकृतिक परिदृश्य, आर्टिफिशियल फिलिम सेट आ एगो मनोरंजन पार्क के मेल देखे के मिले ला। हर साल लगभग 15 लाख (1.5 मिलियन) पर्यटक एहिजा घूमे आवे लें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हैदराबाद]] lhs7jvdfb21wkq83tmqtn34zc9n01yh 814359 814358 2026-11-07T05:51:52Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा]] जोड़ल गइल 814359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Ramoji Film City | logo = Ramoji_Film_City_Logo.png | image = Ramoji Film City.jpg | image_caption = भव्य एंट्रेंस | type = प्राइवेट कंपनी | industry = [[फिलिम इंडस्ट्री|Motion pictures]] | founded = {{Start date and age|1996}} | founder = Cherukuri Ramoji Rao | defunct = | hq_location = | hq_location_city = [Abdullahpurmet, [[हैदराबाद]] | num_locations = | area_served = | key_people = | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = | parent = Ramoji Group | divisions = | subsidiaries = | footnotes = | hq_location_country = [[भारत]] | slogan = | website = {{URL|ramojifilmcity.com}} }} '''रामोजी फिलिम सिटी''' भारत के [[हैदराबाद]] के ठीक बाहिर स्थित एगो एकीकृत फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर ह। ई 2,000 एकड़ (810 हेक्टेयर) में फइलल बा। 2005 में गिनीज वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड्स एकरा के दुनिया के सबसे बड़ फिलिम स्टूडियो परिसर के रूप में मान्यता देले रहे। तेलुगु मीडिया व्यवसायी रामोजी राव 1996 में एकर स्थापना कइले रहलें। द गार्डियन अखबार एकरा के “शहर के भीतर एगो शहर” के रूप में वर्णन कइले बा। फिलिम निर्माण के एगो प्रमुख केंद्र होखे के साथे-साथे रामोजी फिलिम सिटी एगो पॉपुलर पर्यटन स्थल भी ह। एहिजा प्राकृतिक परिदृश्य, आर्टिफिशियल फिलिम सेट आ एगो मनोरंजन पार्क के मेल देखे के मिले ला। हर साल लगभग 15 लाख (1.5 मिलियन) पर्यटक एहिजा घूमे आवे लें। {{clear}} == संदर्भ == {{Reflist|29em}} [[श्रेणी:हैदराबाद]] [[श्रेणी:तेलुगु सिनेमा]] jth1sv7flwgvf1hxbjxup7ls65r8ohx 0 101988 814445 2026-11-07T10:22:58Z SM7 3953 नया आधार लेख 814445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिद्धासन''' ({{Langx|sa|सिद्धासनः}}) चाहे '''स्वस्तिकासन''' [[हठयोग]] आ मॉडर्न योगाभ्यास में एगो प्राचीन बइठे वाला आसन ह, जे ध्यान खातिर सुटेबल बा। '''मुक्तासन''' आ '''''बर्मी पोजीशन''''' के नाँव भी कभी-काल्ह एह आसन खातिर इस्तेमाल होला, आ कबो-कबो एही के आ आसान रूप अर्ध सिद्धासन खातिर एह नाँवन के इस्तेमाल होखे ला। '''स्वस्तिकासन''' में दुनो गोड़ के पंजा के सामने वाला घुटना के मोड़ में यथासंभव आराम से सटाके रखल जाला। सिद्धासन सभसे पुरान आसन में से एगो ह। 10वीं सदी के शुरुआती हठयोग ग्रंथ गोरक्ष शतक में एकरा के ध्यान करे के आसन के रूप में बतावल गइल बा। एह ग्रंथ के अनुसार, सिद्धासन आ '''पद्मासन''' (कमल आसन) सभसे महत्वपूर्ण आसन में गिनल जालें आ ई मुक्ति के रास्ता खोलें लें। 15वीं सदी के ''[[हठयोग प्रदीपिका]]'' भी कहेला कि सिद्धासन में महारत हासिल हो जाए के बाद बाकी सभ आसन के जरूरत ना रह जाला। q30cifimqxv5e43m6x30h067pra7gnu 814446 814445 2026-11-07T10:23:40Z SM7 3953 [[विकिपीडिया:हॉट-कैट|हॉट-कैट]] द्वारा [[श्रेणी:योग]] जोड़ल गइल 814446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सिद्धासन''' ({{Langx|sa|सिद्धासनः}}) चाहे '''स्वस्तिकासन''' [[हठयोग]] आ मॉडर्न योगाभ्यास में एगो प्राचीन बइठे वाला आसन ह, जे ध्यान खातिर सुटेबल बा। '''मुक्तासन''' आ '''''बर्मी पोजीशन''''' के नाँव भी कभी-काल्ह एह आसन खातिर इस्तेमाल होला, आ कबो-कबो एही के आ आसान रूप अर्ध सिद्धासन खातिर एह नाँवन के इस्तेमाल होखे ला। '''स्वस्तिकासन''' में दुनो गोड़ के पंजा के सामने वाला घुटना के मोड़ में यथासंभव आराम से सटाके रखल जाला। सिद्धासन सभसे पुरान आसन में से एगो ह। 10वीं सदी के शुरुआती हठयोग ग्रंथ गोरक्ष शतक में एकरा के ध्यान करे के आसन के रूप में बतावल गइल बा। एह ग्रंथ के अनुसार, सिद्धासन आ '''पद्मासन''' (कमल आसन) सभसे महत्वपूर्ण आसन में गिनल जालें आ ई मुक्ति के रास्ता खोलें लें। 15वीं सदी के ''[[हठयोग प्रदीपिका]]'' भी कहेला कि सिद्धासन में महारत हासिल हो जाए के बाद बाकी सभ आसन के जरूरत ना रह जाला। [[श्रेणी:योग]] 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