Wikipidia bjnwiki https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Tatambaian MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Istimiwa Pamandiran Pamakai Pamandiran Pamakai Wikipidia Pamandiran Wikipidia Barakas Pamandiran Barakas MediaWiki Pamandiran MediaWiki Citakan Pamandiran Citakan Patulung Pamandiran Patulung Tumbung Pamandiran Tumbung Lawang Pamandiran Lawang TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 19358 115941 115600 2026-11-12T08:21:56Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 /* Rujukan */ 115941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AP}} {{ethnic group |group = Urang Malayu <br/> Suku Melayu <br/> Orang Melayu <br/> اورڠ ملايو |image = [[Berkas:Malay couple.jpg|thumb]] |caption = |poptime = '''± 27.000.000''' |region1 = '''{{flag|Malaysia}}''' |pop1 = 20.749.378 |ref1 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} |region2 = '''{{flag|Indunisia}}''' |pop2 = 8.789.585 |ref2 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} |region3 = '''{{flag|Thailand}}''' |pop3 = 5.354.475 |ref3 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref>}} |region4 = '''{{flag|Pilipina}}''' |pop4 = 2.000.000 |ref4 = |region5 = '''{{flag|Singapura}}''' |pop5 = 1.003.449 |ref5 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} |region6 = '''{{flag|Brunai}}''' |pop6 = 501.902 |ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flag|Australia}}''' | pop7 = 33.183 | ref7 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry|title=Australia – Ancestry|website=.id community|access-date=3 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=3 Januari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081623/https://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry/|url-status=live}}</ref> | region8 = '''{{flag|Britania Raya}}''' | pop8 = ~33.000{{Citation needed|date=Nupimbir 2026}} | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flag|Amirika Sarikat}}''' | pop9 = 29.431 | ref9 = <ref name="Access (DADS) 2010">{{cite web|title=Data Access Dissemination Systems (DADS): Results|website=United States Census Bureau|date=5 Uktubir 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/|access-date=3 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=27 Disimbir 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref> |langs = [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]], [[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]], [[Basa Arab|Arab]], [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] |rels = [[Islam]] |related = [[Urang Banjar|Banjar]], [[Urang Jawa|Jawa]], Sunda, Minangkabau, Kerinci, Aceh, Dayak }} '''Urang Malayu''' ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu}}; [[Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|أورڠ ملايو}}) ngini bubuhan étnis wan agama Austronésia nang baasal matan Samananjung Malayu, [[Sumatera]] timur, pasisir [[Kalimantan]], wan pulau-pulau halus nang baandak di antara lokasi-lokasi ngini nang dipinandui sabagai [[Nusantara]] Riau. [[Basa Malayu]] marupakan anggota matan rumpun basa Austronesia. Wilayah-wilayah ngini wayah ini marupakan bagian matan nagara-nagara [[Malaysia]], [[Indunisia]] ([[Sumatera]] timur wan selatan, Kapulauan Bangka Belitung, [[Kalimantan Barat]], Kapulauan Riau, wan pasisir [[Kalimantan Timur]]), bagian salatan Thailand (Pattani, Satun, Songkhla, Trang, Krabi, Yala, wan Narathiwat), [[Singapura]], [[Brunai]], wan ujung salatan Myanmar (Tanintharyi). [[Berkas:P Ramlee Dunia Film 15 May 1954 p20.jpg|thumb|[[P. Ramlee]]]] [[Berkas:Malay tricolour.svg|thumb|[[Talu warna Malayu]]]] Bahkan, banyak komunitas Minangkabau, Mandailing, wan [[urang Dayak|Dayak]] nang pindah ka pantai timur [[Sumatera]] wan pantai barat [[pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]], mangaku sabagai urang Malayu. Salain di Nusantara, urang Malayu jua ada di Sri Lanka, Kapulauan Cocos (Keeling) ''(Cocos Malays)'', wan [[Aprika Salatan]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Pakambangan wan didirian Kasultanan Malaka pas abad ka-15 manyababakan revolusi ganal dalam sajarah bangsa Malayu. Hal ngitu tajadi karana kasultanan ngitu mambawa parubahan nang sangat signifikan pada tata kabudayaan wan kasultanan ngitu mandapatakan kajayaan pada masa ngitu. Sapanjang sajarahnya, urang-urang Malayu dipinandui sabagai komunitas padagangan pasisir nang baisi ciri-ciri budaya nang baubah.{{sfn|Milner|2010|p=131}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7, 32, 33 & 43}} Buhannya manyerap, mambagi wan manyampaiakan banyak ciri budaya dari kalompok etnis lokal lainnya, nang kaya Minangkabau wan Aceh. == Etimologi == {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Urang Malayu Malaka | caption1 = Gambaran cat banyu Purtugis matan urang Malayu di Malaka, kikira tahun 1540, ditampaiakan dalam Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Sepasang urang Malayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Malayu, matan ''Reise nach Batavia'', antara tahun 1669 wan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari manari joget Malayu | caption3 = Tari Joget nang baasal matan masa Kasultanan Malaka, banyak aspek budaya Malayu baasal matan wilayah Malaka }} Kuya Malayu pamulaannya ngaran tampat (toponim), nang marujuk ka sabuting andak di Sumatera. Imbah abad ka-15 istilah Malayu mulai dipakai gasan manyambat ngaran suku (etnonim).<ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Timothy P. Barnard|year=2004|title=Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries|location=Singapore|publisher=Singapore University press|isbn=9971-69-279-1|page=|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Sastra ''Sajarah Malayu'', mahubungakan asal etimologis "Melayu" lawan sabuah sungai halus bangaran Sungai Malayu di [[Sumatera]], [[Indunisia]]. Epos tasalah manyambat bahwa sungai ngini mangalir ka Sungai Musi di Palembang, padahal sabujurnya sungai ngini mangalir ka Sungai Batang Hari di [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reid|first=Anthony|date=Uktubir 2001|title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=32|issue=3|pages=295-313}}</ref>{{rp|298}} Babarapa urang bapandapat bahwa istilah ngitu baasal matan sabuah kata nang baasal matan [[basa Malayu]], yaitu "melaju" nang baasal dari awalan 'me' wan akar kata 'laju', nang manggambarakan kakuatan arus di sungai ngitu.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} [[Barakas:Candi Tinggi.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Candi Muaro Jambi di [[Jambi]], dihubungakan lawan keberadaan karajaan Melayu pra-Islam. Candi-candi biasanya dibangun di tangah-tangah pusat karajaan]] === Sabagai ngaran tampat (toponim) === Istilah "Malayu" dan palafalan nang sama sajak abad ke-15 adalah sabuah toponim kuno nang umumnya mangacu pada daerah-daerah di selat Malaka.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} [[Barakas:Tengku Abd Aziz Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Tengku Abdu Aziz, Pangeran dari [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]] nang mamakai pakaian khas Melayu formal wayah itu (sekitar 1920)]] * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dwipa", kaya nang tacatat dalam bab 48 Bayupurana, wilayah Malaka marupakan sabuah provinsi di laut timur nang sugih banar lawan amas wan perak. Babarapa ahli jua mamasukakan wilayah [[Sumatera]] ka dalam istilah ngitu.{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} Tagal, bubuhan ahli dari India parcaya bahua istilah ini hanya marujuk pada samananjung Malayu nang tadiri matan banyak gunung, sadangkan [[Sumatera]] labih marujuk pada gambaran di dalam Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – sabuah lokasi di Samananjung Amang, nang tacatat dalam karya Klaudius Ptolemaeus (90–68 M), ''Geographia'' mancatat sabuah tanjung di ''Aurea Chersonesus'' (Samananjung Malayu) nang bangaran ''Maleu-kolon'', nang diyakini barasal matan Basa Sanskerta, ''malayakolam'' atawa ''malaikurram''.<ref>{{cite book|title= Researches on Ptolemy's geography of eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago|page= 101|author= Gerolamo Emilio Gerini|isbn= 81-70690366|year= 1974|publisher= Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers }}</ref> {{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – dikisahakan ulih Yijing, saurang biarawan [[Buddha]] matan dinasti Tang nang bakunjangan ka Asia tenggara pada tahun 688–695. Manurut Yijing, karajaan "Mo-Lo-Yu" bajarak 15 hari balayar matan Bogha (Palembang), ibu kota Sribhoga ([[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Kerajaan ngitu jua jaraknya 15 hari palayaran dari Ka-Cha ([[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]]), sahingga kawa dikatahui bahwa kerajaan Mo-Lo-Yu baandak di tangah jarak antara kaduanya.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Teori populer mahubungakan ka'ada'an "Mo-Lo-Yu" lawan situs Kuil Muaro Jambi di Sumatera,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} tagal ka'ada'an Jambi sangat balawanan lawan parnyaraan Yi Jinh nang manyambat bahwa inya ba'andak di tangah-tangah ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lawan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Di antara masa akhir dinasti Yuan (1271–1368) wan masa awal dinasti Ming (1368–1644), kata ''Ma-La-Yu'' rancak disambat dalam teks-teks kuno Tiongkok gasan manyambat wilayah nang baandak di laut salatan. === Sabagai ngaran suku (etnonim) === Sastra Malayu Klasik manggambarakan urang Malayu dalam arti nang tahalus daripada interpretasi mudirin. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (sakitar tahun 1700, manuskrip sakitar tahun 1849) hanya mangidentifikasi suku Malayu sabagai subyek Kasultanan Malaka; Brunai pada waktu itu kada dianggap sabagai Malayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (sakitar 1876) kada manyabutakan Patani wan Brunai sabagai Malayu, istilah itu hanya digunaakan gasan [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]]. Kedah kada tamasuk sabagai suku Malayu dalam ''Hikayat Kedah''/''Hikayat Merong'' Mahawangsa (sakitar 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (sakitar 1625, naskah nang ada sakitar 1675) mahubungakan etnis Malayu lawan Johor, tagal kada manyabutakan Aceh atawa Deli sabagai Malayu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Milner|first=Anthony|year=2011|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&vq=liberally&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=The Malays|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781444391664|pages=91-92}}</ref><ref>Untuk usia manuskrip, lihat [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html |date=2022-08-09 }}.</ref> == Budaya == === Agama === [[Barakas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masigit Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin di [[Brunai]] wayah malam [[Ramadan]]. Karajaan nang sugih ngini mangadopsi Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Malayu'') sabagai filosofi nasional sajak kamardikaannya pada tahun 1984.]] Masyarakat Malayu awal sabagian besar animis, percaya akan keberadaan ''semangat'' (roh) dalam sagala hal.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Sakitar pambukaan era umum, [[Hindu]]isme wan Budhisme diperkenalkan ulih padagang Asia Selatan ka Kapulauan Malaya, di mana buhannya bakambang sampai abad ka-13, sabalum datangnya Islam nang dibawa ulih padagang Muslim Arab, Asia Salatan wan Cina. Pada abad ka-15, Islam matan sekte Sunni ortodoks bakembang di [[dunia Malayu]] di bawah Kasultanan Malaka. Bida lawan Hinduisme, nang sacara superfisial maubah masyarakat Malayu awal, Islam kawa disambat sudah sacara pinuh baintegrasi ka dalam kahidupan sahari-hari panduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Sajak era ngini, urang-urang Malayu dianggap sabagai kalompok etnis wan agama wan sacara tradisiunal mamiliki identifikasi erat dangan Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} wan mereka kada mangubah agama mereka sajak ngitu.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas ngini sangat kuat sampai-sampai dipadahakan bahwa manjadi Muslim adalah ''masuk Melayu'' (masuk Malayu).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Namun, kepercayaan awal baisi akar nang labih dalam, buhannya mampartahanakan diri malawan anathema Islam – wan jua mistisisme Sufisme sudah bahubungan antara urang Malayu, lawan roh-roh dunia animistik awal wan babarapa unsur Hinduisme.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Imbah tahun 1970-an, kabangkitan Islam (disambat jua re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) di saluruh dunia Muslim, banyak tradisi nang dianggap manyalahi ajaran Islam wan mangandung unsur-unsur syirik ditinggalakan ulih [[urang Malayu Malaysia|urang Malayu di Malaysia]], sadangkan di kalangan [[urang Malayu Indunisia|urang Malayu di Indunisia]], tradisi ngini kada dianggap sabagai takhayul wan mangandung unsur-unsur syirik. Di antara tradisi nginih adalah festival ''mandi safar'' (mandi Safar), sebuah festival mandi gasan mancapai kamurnian spiritual, nang kawa dilihat ciri-cirinya mirip lawan babarapa matan Durga Puja di India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Kabanyakan etnis Malayu modern adalah panganut Islam Sunni<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=7 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Uktubir 2012}}</ref> wan festival Malayu nang paling panting adalah festival asal Islam — ''[[Hari Raya Pitrah|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Hari Raya Haji|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Tahun puga Islam|Awal Muharram]]'', wan ''[[Mulut (parayaan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Di Malaysia wan Brunai, urang-urang Malayu dianggap murtad apabila bapindah agama matan Islam. Tagal, ada babarapa etnis Malayu nang badiam di luar nagara-nagara ngini jua sudah manarima agama lain sacara legal di bawah hukum. === Arsitéktur === {{See also|Rumah Malayu}} [[Barakas:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Rūmah tradisional Malayu di [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], dihiasi lawan panel ukiran khas dari Samananjung Malayu utara.]] [[Barakas:Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum 1.jpg|thumb|350px|Replika Istana Kasultanan Malaka, nang dibangun matan informasi wan data nang didapat matan Sajarah Malayu. Dokumen sajarah ngini baisi referensi gasan pambangunan wan arsitéktur istana-istana wayah zaman Sultan Mansur Shah, nang mamarintah matan 1458 sampai 1477.]] Berbagai pangaruh budaya, tarutama Cina, Hindia, wan Irupa, bamain peran utama dalam mambantuk arsitéktur Malayu.{{sfn|Henket|Heynen|2002|p=181}} Sampai wayah ngini, kayu adalah bahan utama nang diguna'akan gasan sabarataan bangunan tradisiunal Malayu.<ref name="MC1219">{{harvnb|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1219}}</ref> Tagal, banyak jua struktur batu nang ditamuakan tarutama kompleks kaagamaan matan zaman [[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] wan karajaan Malayu isthmian kuno. Candi Muara Takus wan Candi Muaro Jambi di [[Sumatera]] adalah salah sabuting contoh nang bahubungan lawan unsur-unsur arsitektur Kakaisaran Sriwijaya. Namun, arsitéktur Sriwijaya tarutama diwakili di Chaiya (wayah ngini sabuah provinsi di Thailand) di Samananjung Malaya, nang marupakan pusat panting salawas periode Sriwijaya.{{sfn|Chihara|1996|p=213}}{{sfn|Van Beek|Invernizzi|1999|p=75}} Tipe strukturnya tadiri matan ruang sel gasan mangandung gambar Buddha wan puncak strukturnya diulah dalam bantuk ''stupa'' lawan teras-terasan nang baurutan, nang marupakan cuntuh nang paling baik di ''Wat Pra Borom That'' di Chaiya.{{sfn|Jermsawatdi|1989|p=65}} Ada jua bukti kuil Hindu atawa ''Candi'' di sakitar salatan [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]] antara gunung Jerai wan lembah Sungai Muda, dairah nang dipinandui sabagai Lembah Bujang. Di dalam wilayah sakitar 350 kilometer pasagi, 87 situs agama sajarah awal sudah dilaporakan wan ada 12 ''candi'' nang baandak di puncak gunung, sabuah fitur nang manunjukakan mungkin baasal matan kaparcayaan Malayu prasejarah manganai kasucian tempat-tempat tinggi.{{sfn|O'Reilly|2007|p=42}} [[Barakas:Pintu Istana Setul Mambang Segara.jpg|thumb|350px|Sabuting panel dinding nang dihiasi lawan bamacam motif kambang matan istana Setul Mambang Segara nang dilihat di Muzium Negara. Setul adalah sabuah karajaan Malayu nang ada antara tahun 1808 wan 1915 di subalah utara Samananjung Malayu.]] Rujukan awal arsitektur Melayu di Samananjung Melayu kawa ditamui di babarapa catatan Cina. Sebuah catatan Cina abad ka-7 mangisahakan bubuhan jamaah haji Buddha nang datang ka Langkasuka wan manyabutakan kuta ngitu dikelilingi tembok nang di atasnya dibangun manara-manara wan didatangi malalui dua pintu gerbang.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=59}} Catatan abad ka-7 nang lain matan utusan khusus Tiongkok ka Karajaan Bumi Habang di Samananjung Malaya, mancatat bahwa ibu kota baisi tiga gerbang nang tapisah labih matan saratus langkah, nang dihiasi lawan lukisan tema Buddha wan roh-roh bibinian.{{sfn|Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi|2005|p=19}} Deskripsi rinci partama matan arsitéktur Malayu ada di ''Istana'' kayu nang ganal matan Mansur Shah matan Malaka (berada 1458-1477).<ref name="MC1219" /> Manurut Sejarah Melayu, bangunan ngini baisi struktur tujuh teluk nang ditinggikan di atas pilar-pilar kayu lawan atap tujuh tingkatan di atas karing-karing batu kapur wan dihiasi lawan puncak-puncak manara nang dihias lawan kaca kaca Cina.{{sfn|Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi|2005|p=24}} [[Rumah Malayu|Rumah-rumah tradisiunal Malayu]] diulah mamakai struktur rangka kayu nang sederhana. Rūmah-rūmah nginih baisi atap nang manyimpang, teras di bagian muka, langit-langit nang tinggi, banyak lubang di dinding gasan ventilasi,<ref>{{cite web |last=Ahmad |first=A. Ghafar |title=Malay Vernacular Architecture |url= http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/malayvernacular.htm |access-date=26 Uktubir 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100610190114/http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/malayvernacular.htm |archive-date=10 Juni 2010 }}</ref> wan rancak dihiasi lawan ukiran kayu nang rumit. Kaindahan wan kualitas ukiran kayu Malayu dimaksudakan gasan manjadi indikator visual matan pangkat sosial wan status matan pamiliknya.{{sfn|Noor|Khoo|2003|p=47}} Rumah Salinger, nang manang Hadiah Arsitektur Aga Khan 1998, adalah contoh modern matan desain tradisiunal ngini.<ref name="Steele 187-188">{{cite book |last1=Steele |first1=James |url=https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0000stee/page/186/mode/2up?q=%22salinger+house%22 |title=The Greenwood encyclopedia of homes through world history: Volume 3 |date=2009 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-33791-8 |pages=187–188 |access-date=26 Uktubir 2026}}</ref><ref name="Jantan et al. 16-17">{{cite book |last1=Jantan |first1=Amer Hamzah |url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiasingapor0000mala/page/16/mode/2up?q=%22Rudinara%22 |title=Malaysia, Singapore, and ASEAN in an age of globalisation |last2=Said |first2=Hassan |last3=Bajunid |first3=Ibrahim Ahmad |last4=Ismail |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Talib |first5=Shaharil |last6=Ahmad |first6=Shamsulbahriah Ku |date=2002 |publisher=Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya |isbn=983-2085-42-X |pages=16–17 |access-date=26 Uktubir 2026}}</ref> Salawas babarapa dekade, arsitéktur tradisiunal Malayu dipangaruh ulih [[Bugis]] wan [[urang Jawa|Jawa]] matan salatan, Siam, Inggris, [[urang Arab|Arab]] wan India matan utara, Portugis, Belanda, Aceh wan [[Rumah Gadang|Minangkabau]] matan barat dan Cina Salatan matan timur.<ref>{{cite web |title=For Sale – CountryHeights |work=The Art of Living Show |date=22 Marit 2011 |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZCHUMYs2CM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251102020704/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZCHUMYs2CM&feature=youtu.be |archive-date=2025-11-02 |url-status=live |access-date=2026-10-25 |dead-url=unfit}}</ref> === Basa === [[Barakas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|Prasasti Kedukan Bukit nang ditulis dalam aksara Pallawa. Baasal matan tahun 683, ngini adalah salah satu artefak tulisan Malayu nang paling tuha nang masih ada.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Tulisan Jawi}} [[Basa Malayu]] marupakan salah satu basa nang paling tarkanal di dunia, tarutama basa Austronesia. Varian wan dialek Malayu dipakai sabagai basa rasmi di [[Brunai]], [[Indunisia]], [[Malaysia]] wan [[Singapura]]. Basa ini jua dituturakan di [[Thailand]] salatan, Kapulauan Cocos, Pulau Natal, Sri Lanka. Basa ini dituturakan sabagai basa asli ulih sakitar 33 juta urang di saluruh Kapulauan Malayu wan dipakai sabagai basa kadua ulih sakitar 220 juta urang.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Bentuk basa Malayu nang paling tuha baasal matan basa Proto-Malayo-Polinesia nang dituturakan ulih panduduk Austronesia nang paling awal di Asia Tanggara. Bantuk ngini kamudian bakambang manjadi Malayu Lawas pas budaya wan agama India mulai manambus wilayah ngitu. Basa Malayu Kuno baisi babarapa istilah sampai wahini, tapi tatap kada kawa dipahami ulih pamandir mudirin, samantara basa mudirin sudah banyak ta'akui dalam tulisan Malayu Klasik, nang bantuknya paling tuha ba'asal matan tahun 1303 M.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Malayu bakambang manjadi Basa Malayu Klasik malalui panambahan kata-kata [[basa Arab|Arab]] wan [[basa Parsia|Parsia]] nang barandak pas Islam datang ka wilayah ngitu, wan baubah sacara signifikan dalam prosesnya. Awalnya, Malayu Klasik marupakan sakalompok dialek nang bamacam-macam, mancarminakan asal-usul karajaan-karajaan Malayu di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu dialek ngini, nang dikambangakan dalam tradisi sastra Kasultanan Malaka pas abad ka-15, akhirnya manjadi dominan. Era Malaka ditandai lawan parubahan basa Malayu manjadi basa Islam, nang mirip lawan [[basa Arab|bahasa Arab]], [[basa Parsia|Persia]], Urdu wan Swahili. Tulisan Arab nang diadaptasi disambat Jawi dipakai gasan manggantiakan tulisan Kawi, istilah-istilah agama wan budaya Islam banyak disamakan, manyingkirakan banyak kata-kata Hindu-Buddha, wan basa Malayu jadi basa media pandidikan wan panyabaran Islam di saluruh wilayah Asia Tenggara. Di puncak kakuasaan Malaka pada abad ka-15, basa Malayu Klasik manyabar diluar dunia panutur<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> basa Malayu tradisiunal wan manyabapakan sabuah lingua franca nang disambat ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Basa Malayu Bazaar") atawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Basa Malayu Randah") sabagai balawanan ''Bahasa Melayu tinggi'' ("Basa Malayu Tinggi") di Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Umumnya diyakini bahwa Basa Malayu Bazaar marupakan basa pidgin wan pangambangan nang paling panting adalah bahwa bahasa pidgin manjadi kreol, manciptakan babarapa basa hanyar nang kaya Basa Malayu Ambon, Basa Malayu Manado wan [[Basa Betawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Panulis-panulis Irupa abad ka-17 wan ka-18, nang kaya Tavernier, Thomassin wan Werndly manggambarakan Basa Malayu sabagai "''basa urang-urang nang balajar di sabarataan India, nang kaya basa Latin di Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Basa ngini jua nang paling banyak diguna'akan salawas era kolonial Inggris wan Walanda di Kapulauan Malayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kabalikannya tajadi di Hindia Timur Spanyol, di mana Latinisasi massal kapulauan sapanjang tahun-tahun kolonial manyababakan coup de grâce basa Malayu di [[Pilipina]]. Dialek Kasultanan Johor, panerus langsung matan Malaka, manjadi basa standar di kalangan urang Malayu di [[Singapura]] wan [[Malaysia]], wan marupakan dasar asli gasan [[basa Indunisia]] standar.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Salain matan basa Malayu standar, nang dikambangakan di dalam lingkup Malaka-Johor, bamacam dialek Malayu lokal ada. Misalnya, urang Bangka, urang Brunai, urang Jambi, urang [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], urang [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], urang [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]], urang [[basa Palimbang|Palimbang]], urang Pattani, urang [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]], urang [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]], wan banyak lainnya. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis dalam aksara Pallawa, Kawi wan Rencong. Imbah datangnya Islam, [[tulisan Jawi]] nang badasarkan basa Arab diadopsi wan masih diguna'akan sampai wahini sabagai salah satu dari dua aksara rasmi di [[Brunai]] wan sabagai aksara alternatif di [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Uktubir 2012 }}</ref> Mulai abad ka-17, sabagai hasil kolonisasi Inggris wan Walanda, aksara Jawi sacara batahap digantikan ulih tulisan Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=7 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> nang badasarkan Latin nang akhirnya manjadi tulisan moderen rasmi gasan basa Malayu di [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], wan [[Indunisia]], wan tulisan ko-resmi di [[Brunai]]. === Festival wan parayaan === [[Barakas:Majlis Tujuh Likor Pasang Pelita.jpg|thumb|Barisan Pelita (lampu minyak) nang dinyalakan pas ''Malam Tujuh Likur'' (malam ka-27 Ramadhan), lampu minyak rancak dipakai gasan manarangi rumah wan jalan-jalan pas bulan Ramadhan. Di sini, di Muar, [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]], Malaysia.]] Kambang biaknya [[Islam]] bahasil maubah identitas urang Malayu pas abad ka-15. Jadi, kabanyakan festival wan parayaan urang Malayu bajalan barengan lawan [[almanak Hijriah|kalender Islam]], tapi tatap kuat banar [[Malayisasi|nuansa khas Malayu]]nya. Pariayaan Hari Raya (harfiahnya "Hari Ganal") dua kali satahun, [[Aidilfitri]] wan [[Aidiladha]], disambut sabagai pariayaan ganal di saluruh komunitas Malayu. Dua hari raya ngini panting gasan mamparingati dua kajadian ganal wan filsafat dalam ajaran wan kayakinan [[Islam]]. Nang pamulaan manyimbuulkan kamanangan sabagai urang [[Muslim]] imbah sabulan [[saum|bapuasa/saum]] wan sabar di bulan [[Ramadan]], sadangkan nang kadua manyimbuulkan pangurbanan nang dilakuakan ulih Nabi Ibrahim (Abraham) atas nama [[Allah]]. Libur ''Raya'' biasanya dimulai pas acara pulang kampung nang disambat Balik Kampung atawa ''Balik Raya'' nang tajadi babarapa hari sabalum hari raya. Pas Hari Raya, urang Malayu marayaakan lawan manggawi salat Hari Raya, maadakan pista ganal, wan basilaturahmi lawan kawan, kaluarga, wan tatangga. Mambari salam jua penting, sabagai tanda hormat, kasih sayang wan parhatian. [[Barakas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Plechtigheden bij de kroning van de Sultan van Deli in 1925 op de troon de sultan en zijn echtgenote met aan weerszijden de rijkssieraden TMnr 10001572.jpg|thumb|Upacara panobatan antara Tengku Otteman, sabagai ''Tengku Mahkota'' (Pangeran Mahkota) Kasultanan Deli, Hindia Walanda; lawan bininya, Raja Amnah, anggota Kaluarga Karajaan Pirak sabagai ''Tengku Puan Indera'' pas tahun 1925]] Upacara-upacara liturgi wan agama lain nang diparingati ulih urang Malayu tamasuk [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]], sabulan suci nang diparingati lawan [[puasa]] di siang hari wan macam-macam kagiatan kaagamaan; [[Mulut (parayaan)|Maulidur Rasul]], arak-arakan ganal husus gasan mamparingati hari lahir Nabi [[Muhammad]]; [[Asura|Asyura]], paringatan [[Muharram]] di mana urang Malayu sacara khusyuk manyadiakan makanan husus, nang disambat ''Bubur Asyura''; Nisfu Sya'ban, paringatan Tangah [[Sakban]], hari puasa husus gasan pamintaan ampun; [[Nuzululquran|Nuzul Quran]], wahyu pamulaan [[Al-Qur'an]]; [[Isra Mikraj|Israk dan Mikraj]], naiknya Nabi Muhammad ka langit wan Awal Muharram, [[Tahun puga Islam|Tahun Baru Islam]]; talu parayaan tarakhir rancak diparingati lawan malakukan salat ''sunat'' husus, ceramah kaagamaan wan diskusi Islam di [[masigit]]. Ada jua banyak banar festival budaya dairah nang ada di dalam nagari wan acara-acara sosial di babagai kalangan masyarakat Malayu. Kawasan pasisir bahari dikenal mamparingati upacara ''Mandi Safar'' atawa ''Puja Pantai'', sabuting mandi pambarasihan pas [[almanak Hijriah|bulan Islam]] [[Safar]], nang asal mulanya ditiru matan ritual pambarasihan suci Malayu pra-Islam kuno, mirip lawan tradisi Belimau sabalum Ramadan; wan ''Pesta Menuai'', sabuting festival panen nang dirayakan ulih komunitas Malayu padalaman wan agraris lawan permainan tradisiunal, teater, Joget, wan repertoar tarian-drama lainnya. Tapi, kadua kabiasaan ngitu balahan-balahan mulai kada ada lagi marga adanya babagai parubahan sosial wan ikunumi nang diulah di masyarakat Malayu pas abad ka-20. Selain itu, banyak urang Malayu jua dikanal kawa maumpati upacara karajaan gasan mahurmati istana karajaan masing-masing. Ciri-ciri Islam jua banyak manandai parayaan-parayaan urang Malayu di tingkat individu, sabuah gabungan nang takait lawan upacara transisi spiritual sabagai urang Muslim. Urang Malayu biasanya maulah ''kenduri'', hajat keagamaan gasan marayai atawa maminta barakat gasan sabuah kajadian. Ada babarapa variasi filsafat kenduri, mulai matan ''Doa Selamat'' (maminta karidhaan wan parlindungan Ilahi), ''Kesyukuran'' (gasan manyampaikan rasa sukur wan tarima kasih), ''Melenggang Perut'' (upacara pijat gasan ibu nang bahamil anak partama), ''Aqiqah'' wan ''Cukur Jambul'' (upacara gasan bayi nang baru lahir, gasan marayai kahidupan hanyar), ''Bertindik'' (upacara tindik partama gasan anak bibinian), ''Khatam'' (upacara wisuda, imbah anak mamaca [[Al-Qur'an]] samunyaan gasan partama kalinya), ''Khatan'' (sunat), ''Kahwin'' (pabainan), ''Arwah'' atawa ''Tahlil'' (doa gasan urang nang sudah maninggal), wan lain-lainnya. Acara ngini biasanya diatur ulih kaluarga wan sacara tradisional dibantu ulih masarakat dalam sabuah acara basamuai nang disambat ''Rewang'' atawa ''Gotong-royong''. Salawas upacara ngini, sakulawarga ditulungi ulih tatangga wan kaluarga, nang manaiki tugas nang bamacam-macam, mulai matan manyadiakan makanan, mangatur tampat acara, manyiapakan logistik, wan pangawasan teknis lainnya. Tapi, imbah urbanisasi makin rancak di masyarakat Malayu modern, kabiasaan ''Rewang/Gotong-Royong'' paralahan-lalahan diganti lawan jasa katering nang disewa ulih kaluarga. === Musik === {{Main|Musik Malayu}} [[Musik Malayu]] adalah sabuting janis musik tradisional nang barasal wan bakambang di pasisir timur [[Sumatera]], [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]], wan Samananjung Malaya.<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> Musik ngini biasanya dinyanyikan ulih urang-urang matan suku bangsa Malayu nang kada jarang diumpati jua lawan tarian khas Malayu satampat misalnya tarian parsembahan dalam pajuangan atawa pesta adat, panambaian tamu kahormatan, wan dalam kagiatan kaagamaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Sairing lawan pakambangan zaman musik Malayu mangalami kabingungan gaya musik misalnya saja mangalami paduan lawan aliran [[musik pop]], [[musik rock]], wan [[dangdut]]. Aliran ngini kawa ditamui di nagara-nagara kaya Malayu, nang kaya [[Indunisia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], wan [[Brunai]]. Pada pamulaan parkambangan alat musik nang digunaakan labih didominasi ulih tingkatan rebana nang disambat Kompang matan Ponorogo, petikan gambus, gesekan biola, picitan akordion, tingkatan [[kanung|gong/kanung]], wan tiupan [[sarunai]]. Hal ngini dipangaruh ulih budaya matan tanah [[urang Arab|Arab]] dan [[Irupa]] tradisional. Sairing bakambangnya teknologi, bubuhannya digantiakan lawan alat musik elektronik dalam bantuk keyboard. Dalam kiprahnya aliran ngini sampat populer di era '80an bahkan mamasuki era "puncak kahangatan" di era '90an. Hal ngini ditandai lawan makin banyaknya [[panyanyi]] & grup band Malayu, wan pandatang hanyar nang muncul lawan lagu-lagu andalan masing-masing. === Pakaian tradisiunal === [[Barakas:Busana Melayu.jpg|thumb|Urang Malayu dalam ''busana Melayu'', gaya pakaian tradisiunal Malayu]] Pakaian wan tekstil tradisiunal Malayu tarus-tarus barubah matan zaman kuno. Sacara historis, urang Malayu kuno dicatat mamakai bamacam bahan alami sabagai sumber penting gasan kain, pakaian wan pakaian. Namun, era umum, manyaksiakan kadatangan awal para padagang matan timur wan barat ka palabuhan Kapulauan Malayu, basama-sama buhannya manukar barang-barang mewah baru, tamasuk kapas halus wan sutra. Pakaian ngitu kamudian manjadi sumber mode Malayu tinggi wan mandapatakan peran budaya sabagai identitas nang maikat di kapulauan, tarutama di samananjung, [[Sumatera]] wan wilayah pasisir [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]].{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Dalam budaya Malayu, pakaian wan tekstil dihormati sabagai simbul kaindahan, kakuatan wan status. Banyak kisah dalam hikayat Malayu manakanakan wadah khusus nang ditampati ulih tekstil.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=2}} Industri paulahan tangan Malayu kawa diitihi asalnya sajak abad ka-13 pas jalur pardagangan timur bakambang di bawah dinasti Song. Pambahasan tentang tekstil nang diulah sacara lokal wan jua dominasi panen di Samananjung Malaya diulah dalam babarapa akun Cina wan Arab.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=19}} Di antara tekstil Malayu nang takanal adalah Songket, Batik, ''Telepok'', ''Limar'', ''Tenun'', ''Kelingkam'', ''Cindai'', ''Pelangi'' wan ''Tekad''. Pakaian Malayu Klasik bamacam-macam di antara wilayah nang balainan, tagal pakaian tradisional nang paling dalam di zaman modern adalah Baju Kurung (gasan [[bibinian]]) wan Baju Melayu (gasan [[lalakian]]), nang kaduanya diakui sabagai pakaian nasional gasan [[Malaysia]] wan [[Brunai]], wan jua dipakai ulih komunitas Malayu di [[Indunisia]], [[Singapura]], [[Pilipina]], Myanmar, wan [[Thailand]]. [[Barakas:HariRayaMalaykids.jpg|thumb|left|Anak-anak Malayu mamakai pakaian tradisiunal wayah [[Hari Raya Pitrah|Idul Fitri]]]] Kata ''Baju Kurung'', nang diartiakan sabagai "mambungkus awak" urang nang mamakainya diulah badasarkan prinsip Islam tentang kasadarhanaan, kasupanan wan karandahan hati. Praktik ngini paralil lawan doktrin agama Yahudi-Karistin, karana mamamirkan bagian-bagian intim tubuh dianggap dilarang dalam [[Islam]]. Interpretasi ngitu lalu ditarik ka cara Malayu mamakai pakaian wan perspektif budaya, ngini kawa disaksikan banar pada pamarintahan Mansur Shah matan Malaka pada abad ka-15, sultan malarang umatnya nang binian Muslim di publik gasan mamakai sarung haja matan dada ka bawah. Sapanjang zaman, Malayu Baju Kurung bajalan malalui babarapa reinkarnasi sabalum mangambil bantuk nang wahini. Marga luasnya bamacam karajaan Malayu di kapulauan, bantuk lokal wan tapisah matan pola desain Baju Kurung jua kawa disaksikan di wilayah ngitu, tamasuk Bengkulu, [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], Jambi, Juhur-Riau, [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] wan Palimbang.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Modus nang sasuai matan Baju Kurung gasan laki-laki dipinandui sabagai "Baju Melayu". Bagian atas pakaian diulah lawan desain geometris nang hampir sama lawan Baju Kurung wan biasanya dipasangkan lawan kain anyaman nang dipinandui sabagai sarong. Pola [[tapih|sarong]] mungkin tamasuk simbol status pakawinan urang atawa pangkatnya dalam masyarakat Malayu tradisiunal.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Pakaian Malayu klasik umum lainnya gasan lalakian tadiri matan ''baju'' atawa ''tekua'' (sabuting janis baju lengan panjang), ''baju rompi'' (jaket), ''kancing'' (buting), ''celana'' kaki halus (seluar/[[salawar|salawar panjang]]), [[tapih|sarong/tapih]] nang dipakai di pinggang, ''capal'' (sandal), wan ''tanjak'' atawa ''tengkolok'' (alat panutup kapala); gasan bangsawan, ''baju sikap'' atawa ''baju layang'' (sabuting jenis mantel) wan ''pending'' (tali pinggang hiasan) jua identik gasan dipakai sabagai pakaian formal. Rancak jua gasan saurang ''pendekar'' (prajurit Malayu) gasan mamakai [[Karis]] di bagian muka sarong. Babeda lawan Baju Melayu nang tarus dipakai sabagai pakaian upacara haja, Baju Kurung dipakai saban hari sapanjang tahun ulih kabanyakan bibinian Malayu. Pamandangan pagawai sipil binian, pagawai profesional wan mahasiswa nang mamakai Baju Kurung rancak ditamui di [[Malaysia]] wan [[Brunai]]. === Pamainan tradisiunal === [[Barakas:Finished wau and wau frame.JPG|thumb|right|Sabuah bengkel tukang Wau di [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], [[Malaysia]]. Janis layang-layang nang unik ngini kawa ditamui di pasisir timur laut Samananjung Malaya.]] Pamainan tradisiunal Malayu biasanya mamarluakan kaahlian karajinan wan katangkasan tangan wan kawa ditelusuri asal-usulnya sajak zaman Kasultanan Malaka. ''Sepak Raga'' wan pamainan [[kelayangan]] marupakan salah satu permainan tradisiunal nang disambat dalam Sajarah Malayu nang dimainakan ulih bangsawan wan bangsawan matan kasultanan Malayu.{{sfn|Leyden|1821|p=261}}{{sfn|Lockard|2009|p=48}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=1357}} ''Sepak Raga'' adalah salah sabuting pamainan Malayu nang paling populer wan sudah dimainkan baabad-abad. Sacara tradisional, raga Sepak dimainakan dalam lingkaran lawan manendang wan manjagakan bola rotan di atas mangguna'akan apa haja bagian awak salain tangan wan tangan. Inya wayah diakui sabagai olahraga nasional [[Malaysia]] wan dimainkan dalam acara ulahraga{{sfn|Ziegler|1972|p=41}}{{sfn|McNair|2002|p=104}} internasional nangkaya Asian Games wan Southeast Asian Games. Pamainan populer lainnya adalah pambuatan ''Gasing'' nang biasanya dimainakan imbah musim [[katam]]. Katarampilan pangarjaan nang hebat diparluakan gasan manghasilakan ''Gasing'' (atas) nang paling kompetitif, babarapa di antaranya baputar salama dua jam satiap kali.<ref name="Alexander 2006 51">{{harvnb|Alexander|2006|p=51}}</ref> Mungkin pamainan Malayu nang paling populer adalah ''Wau'' (janis layang-layang unik matan pantai timur Samananjung Malayu) atawa layang-layang nang terbang. Parsaingan palayaran Wau diadaakan lawan juri nang mambariakan poin gasan karajinan (''Wau'' adalah objek nang indah wan bawarna-warni nang diandak di atas bingkai bambu), suara (barataan layang-layang Malayu didesain gasan maulah suara tatantu pas digusur angin) wan katinggian.<ref name="Alexander 2006 51"/> Urang Malayu jua baisi varian matan pamainan papan Mancala nang dikanal sabagai [[Daku|Congkak]]. Pamainan ngini dimainkan lawan mamindahkan batu, marmer, manik atawa cangkang di sakitar papan kayu nang tadiri matan dua walas atawa labih lubang. Mancala diakui sabagai pamainan tartua di dunia wan bisa ditelusuri asalnya sajak Mesir Kuno. Sairing bamainan tasabar di saluruh dunia, satiap kabudayaan ma'ulah parbidaan saurang tamasuk urang Malayu.{{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=52}} === Pangolahan logam === [[Barakas:Bunga Mas (Muzium Negara).jpg|thumb|Bunga Mas, Museum Nasional Malaysia. ''Bunga Mas'' ditawarakan ulih nagara-nagara Malayu utara [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]], [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], Pattani, Nong Chik, Yala, Rangae, Kubang Pasu wan Setul kepada Raja Ayutthaya (Siam) sabagai simbul kasatiaan.]] Pada awal abad ke-17, emas, [[pirak]], besi wan kuningan samuanya sudah diulah dangan sampurna jadi bagian matan masyarakat Malayu. Era ngini manyaksiakan karya-karya logam manarima dukungan karajaan nang kritis. Banyak banar pangolahan logam Malayu nang muncul sabagai bukti era ngini, mulai matan belati khas Malayu nang dikiau [[Karis]] nang diulah matan [[wasi]], sampai ka perhiasan halus nang diulah matan [[amas]] wan perak. Bagi bangsawan Malayu pada periode ngini, karya-karya gantung (pangikat sabuk hias nang dihiasi lawan batu-batu mulia), ''keronsang'' (bros) wan ''cucuk sanggul'' (pin rambut) ditampilakan untuk manjadi salah sabuting barang mode nang paling dicari. Era ngini jua manjadi wadah gasan babarapa barang-barang penting lainnya dalam regalia Malayu nang dibuang dalam amas, tamasuk kotak upacara, ''Tepak sirih'' (wadah Betel) wan bagian-bagian Keris. Sani mengolah emas didominasi ulih repoussé wan teknik granulasi, di mana metode tradisional masih kawa disaksikan hari ini. Di era kontemporer, parhiasan amas Malayu tarutama ditamui dalam bantuk kalung kaki, gelang, cincin, kalung, liontin wan anting-anting.<ref name="Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass 2011">{{cite web |title= Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass |website= Go2Travelmalaysia.com |url= http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/gold_silv.htm |access-date= 25 Uktubir 2026 |archive-date= 19 Mai 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180519135144/http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/gold_silv.htm |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Karyaneka 2013">{{cite web |last=Karyaneka |title=Metal Work |publisher=Syarikat Pemasaran Karyaneka Sdn. Bhd. |url= http://www.karyaneka.com.my/english/tablet/metal-work.html |access-date=25 Uktubir 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180324135832/http://www.karyaneka.com.my/english/tablet/metal-work.html |archive-date=24 Marit 2018 }}</ref> Dalam hal barang-barang pirak Malayu, barang-barang matan perak cukup dipinandui gasan desain nang canggih wan halus. Biasanya diulah lawan teknik repousse, filigree, wan niello. Barang-barang tradisiunal Malayu nang umum biasanya diulah matan pirak tamasuk ujung bantal, tali sabuk, sudut-sudut matt, stopper gasan wadah banyu, sarung Karis wan kotak-kotak tembakau. ''Awan Larat'' (pola awan) wan ''Kerawang'' (motif tumbuhan) adalah di antara desain nang populer gasan ujung bantal pirak dekoratif Malayu wan kotak tambakau.<ref name="Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass 2011"/> Panggunaan barang-barang matan kuningan malabihi banyak kelas sosial Malayu klasik, nang dipakai ulih anggota bangsawan wan urang awam. Popularitas barang-barang matan kuningan sangat banyak dikontribusi karana daya tahan, kualitas wan kamampuan nang mampu dimiliki ulih samua urang. Barang-barang kuningan kawa dibagi jadi dua parbidaan, kuningan kuning gasan barang-barang fungsional wan putih gasan tujuan dekoratif. Ngitu rancak dipanculit wan dihiasi lawan bamacam-macam desain hiasan dalam motif kaagamaan wan bunga. Pamakaian kuningan, nang paling dipinandui gasan Tepak Sireh, wadah upacara gasan betel quid wan gasan mambangun alat musik tatantu kaya [[Kanung]] gasan orkestra [[Gamalan]] Malayu klasik. Salain itu, barang-barang tradisiunal Malayu nang tarkanal lainnya nang diulah matan lugam tamasuk vas bunga, taburan minyak wangi, baki, panci, ketel, wan wadah mambakar dupa.<ref name="Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass 2011"/><ref name="Karyaneka 2013"/> === Sastra === [[Barakas:Hkyt merong mahawgsa.jpg|thumb|Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa dalam [[tulisan Jawi|teks Jawi]]. Dikanal jua sabagai Sajarah Kadah, ngini adalah sastra Malayu kuno nang mancatat silsilah Merong Mahawangsa wan pandirian Kadah.]] {{Main|Sastra Malayu}} Sastra lisan wan [[sastra]] klasik urang Malayu baandak banyak gambaran tentang urang-urang, matan zaman kuno sampai zaman modern.{{sfn|Littrup|1996|p=192}} Di antara bantuk-bantuk puisi dalam sastra Malayu adalah – Pantun, Syair, wan Gurindam. Bantuk sastra Malayu nang paling awal adalah sastra lisan wan tema utamanya adalah carita rakyat tradisiunal nang barhubungan lawan alam, binatang, wan manusia. Kisah rakyat Malayu klasik tadiri matan lagu wan musik tradisional, puisi heroik, dongeng binatang, kisah hantu, kajadian bahari, dunging, kisah simbolis, mitos, wan kisah bardik. Satiap carita baisi energi sorang dalam hal watak, sumanget, latar belakang, wan cara bacarita, wan kabanyakan digawi lawan tujuan gasan mambari kabahagiaan, bimbingan, pangajaran, pangangan, panjalasan, wan lain-lainnya. Cerita rakyat dihafal wan diwarisakan matan sabuting generasi panyampai cerita ka generasi nang lain. Banyak jua matan kisah-kisah ngini nang ditulis ulih ''penglipur lara'' (panyambun kisah), misal: ''Hikayat Malim Dewa'', ''Hikayat Malim Deman'', ''Hikayat Raja Donan'', ''Hikayat Anggun Cik Tunggal'', wan ''Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda''. Pas pangaruh [[Hindia]] masuk ka Kapulauan Malayu sakitar 2.000 tahun nang lalu, [[sastra Malayu]] mulai manggabungakan unsur-unsur India. Sastra pas zaman ngini kabanyakan adalah tarjamahan [[sastra Sanskerta|sastra wan roman Sanskerta]], atawa paling kada babarapa karya nang diilhami ulih karya-karya ngitu, wan penuh lawan rujukan ka mitologi Hindu. Mungkin di awal-awal tu kawa ditelusuri karya-karya kaya ''Hikayat Seri Rama'' (tarjamahan bebas ''Ramayana''), ''Hikayat Bayan Budiman'' (adaptasi Śukasaptati) wan ''Hikayat Panca Tanderan'' (adaptasi ''Hitopadesha'').<ref name="popular science 1899">{{harvnb|Ford|1899|pp=379–381}}</ref> Jaman sastra Malayu klasik dimulai imbah kadatangan Islam wan panamuan [[tulisan Jawi]] (tulisan Malayu nang babasis tulisan Arab). Imbah ngitu, kayakinan wan konsep Islam mulai mambari pangaruh pada sastra Malayu. Batu Surat Tarangganu, nang batanggal 1303, adalah tulisan Malayu naratif nang paling tuha nang dikatahui. Batu ngini baisi tulisan nang manjalasakan sajarah, hukum, wan kisah cinta dalam tulisan Jawi.<ref name="Marshall Cavendish 2007 1218">{{harvnb|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1218}}</ref> Pas puncak kajayaannya, Kasultanan Malaka kada haja jadi pusat Islamisasi, tapi jua jadi pusat ekspresi budaya Malayu, tamasuk sastra. Salawas masa ngini, karya sastra Timur Tangah nang terkenal ditarjamahkan wan buku-buku agama ditulis dalam [[bahasa Malayu]]. Di antara karya-karya terkenal nang sudah diartiakan adalah ''Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah'' wan ''Hikayat Amir Hamzah''. Kamajuan sastra Malayu pas periode ngini jua ditulisi ulih karya sastra lokal lainnya nang dibari warna ulih [[Sufi|tasawuf]] mistis Timur Tengah, karya-karya terkenal Hamzah Fansuri kaya ''Asrar al-Arifin'' (''Rahsia Orang yang Bijaksana''; Rahasia Orang Bijak), ''Sharab al-Asyikin'' (''Minuman Segala Orang yang Berahi''; Minuman Semua Orang Bersemangat) wan ''Zinat al-Muwahidin'' (''Perhiasan Sekalian Orang yang Mengesakan''; Perhiasan Semua Orang Berbakti) kawa dianggap sabagai magnum opus era ngitu. [[Barakas:Wayang Kulit Kelantan-Patani.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Wayang Kulit gaya Kalantan-Patani (Pamainan bayangan) nang mancurit'akan kisah kapahlawanan Hikayat Seri Rama]] Karya sastra Malayu nang paling panting mungkin Sajarah Malayu atawa Sulalatus Salatin. Karya ngini disambat "karya sastra Malayu nang paling takanal, paling unik, wan nang paling rancak" ulih salah saurang ahli nang paling takanal dalam studi Malayu, Sir Richard O. Winstedt.{{sfn|Boyd|1999|p=756}} Tanggal pasti panyusunannya wan identitas panulis aslinya kada pasti, tapi manurut parintah Sultan Alauddin Riaayat Shah III matan Johor pas tahun 1612, Tun Sri Lanang mangawasi proses panyuntingan wan panyusunan Sajarah Malayu.{{sfn|Jaaffar|Hussain|Ahmad|1992|p=260}} Pas abad ka-19, sastra Malayu mandapat babarapa tambahan nang penting, tamasuk ''Kitab Ilmu Bedil'' (Buku Senjata Tradisional) nang manyadiakan rincian nang baharga tentang amunisi wan sanjata tradisiunal Malayu. Jaman ngini jua menyaksikan pamakaian jurnal kedokteran Malayu nang labih luas, nang disambat ''Kitab Tib''. Karya-karya nginih sabujurnya panting banar karana jadi rujukan gasan pangatahuan wan teknologi Malayu pas zaman klasik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kitab Ilmu Bedil – Book of Malay Traditional Weaponry (2016) |date=10 Juli 2016 |website=The Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific |url=http://www.mowcapunesco.org/register/kitab-ilmu-bedil-ms-101-or-book-of-malay-traditional-weaponry-2016/ |access-date=3 Nupimbir 2026 |archive-date=3 Disimbir 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224429/http://www.mowcapunesco.org/register/kitab-ilmu-bedil-ms-101-or-book-of-malay-traditional-weaponry-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Teks-teks Malayu abad ka-19 nang lain ditulis di Sumatra, ngini tamasuk ''Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa'' (Buku Pengetahuan Bahasa) ulih Raja Ali Haji wan ''Perhimpunan Gunawan bagi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan'' (Kumpulan Jampi gasan Laki-Laki wan Bini) ulih Khatijah Terung, bini Raja Haji Abdullah bin Raja Hassan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musa |first=Mohd Faizal |date=2021 |title=Transcripts of Gender, Intimacy, and Islam in Southeast Asia: The "Outrageous" Texts of Raja Ali Haji and Khatijah Terung |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=219 |doi=10.3390/rel12030219 |issn=2077-1444|doi-access=free }}</ref> Abad nang sama jua menyaksikan parubahan ganal dalam [[Sastra Melayu|sastra Malayu]] liwat tulisan [[Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir]], sabuting munshi nang lahir di [[Kuta Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]] nang takanal di [[Singapura]].<ref name="popular science 1899" /> Abdullah dianggap sabagai urang Malayu nang paling berbudaya nang pernah manulis,<ref name="popular science 1899" /> salah saurang panamu ganal<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/> di sastra Malayu wan bapak sastra Malayu mudirn.<ref name="Marshall Cavendish 2007 1218"/> Karya-karya paling penting sidin adalah ''Hikayat Abdullah'' (sabuting autobiografi), ''Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan'' (sabuting catatan perjalanan sidin gasan pamarintah ka [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]]), wan ''Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah'' (sabuting narasi [[haji]] sidin ka Mekah tahun 1854). Karya sidin jadi inspirasi gasan generasi panulis di masa depan wan jadi tanda awal parubahan matan sastra Malayu klasik ka sastra Malayu mudirin.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/> === Seni bela diri === [[Barakas:Singaporean female pesilat - 20080222.jpg|thumb|Saurang praktisi silat binian matan [[Singapura]]]] Silat wan varian-variannya kawa ditamui di sabarataan [[dunia Malayu]]: Samananjung Malayu (tamasuk [[Singapura]]), Kapulauan Riau, [[Sumatera]] wan wilayah pasisir [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]]. Bukti arkeologis manunjuakan bahwa, pas abad ka-6, seni pajuangan nang diformalkan sudah dipraktikakan di Samananjung Malaya wan Sumatera.{{sfn|James|1994|p=73}} Bantuk-bantuk awal Silat diyakini sudah dikambangakan wan digunaakan dalam angkatan basanjata karajaan Malayu kuno di Langkasuka (abad ka-2){{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=225}}{{sfn|Abd. Rahman Ismail|2008|p=188}} wan [[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] (abad ka-7). Pangaruh matan kasultanan Malayu di [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]], [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]], Pattani wan [[Brunai]] sudah mambari kontribusi gasan panyebaran seni bela diri ngini di Kapulauan Malayu. Malalui labirin kanal laut nang rumit wan kapiler sungai nang mamfasilitasi partukaran wan padagangan di saluruh wilayah, Silat manjalani jalannya ka hutan hujan nang padat wan ka pagunungan. Lagenda Laksamana Hang Tuah matan Malaka adalah salah sabuting ''pesilat'' paling tarkenal dalam sajarah{{sfn|Green|2001|p=802}} wan bahkan dianggap ulih babarapa urang sabagai bapak silat Malayu.{{sfn|Sheikh Shamsuddin|2005|p=195}} Sajak era klasik, Silat Malayu manjalani diversifikasi nang ganal wan mambantuk apa nang wahini sacara tradisiunal diakui sabagai sumber Pencak Silat Indunisia wan bantuk-bantuk Silat lainnya di Asia Tunggara.{{sfn|Draeger|1992|p=23}}{{sfn|Farrer|2009|p=28}} Salain Silat, Tomoi jua dipraktikakan ulih urang Malayu, tarutama di wilayah utara Samananjung Malaya. Ngini adalah varian matan bantuk kickboxing Indo-Cina nang diyakini telah manyebar di daratan Asia Tunggara sajak zaman Kakaisaran Funan (68 M). === Seni pamentasan === [[Barakas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pamentasan Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Urang Malayu baisi bamacam-macam [[musik]] wan [[igal]] nang marupakan gabungan matan pangaruh budaya nang balainan. Genre nang khas mulai matan tarian rakyat tradisional Malayu nang kaya drama Mak Yong sampai tarian Zapin nang bapangaruh Arab. Gerakan koreografi jua bamacam-macam mulai matan langkah-langkah wan lagu-lagu sederhana di Dikir barat sampai gerakan nang rumit di Joget [[Gamalan|Gamelan]]. Musik tradisional Malayu pada dasarnya marupakan musik perkusi. Macam-macam [[kanung]] manyadiakan irama gasan banyak tarian. Ada jua drum bamacam-macam ukuran, mulai matan ''rebana ubi'' ganal nang dipakai gasan menandai acara-acara penting sampai ''gendang-rebana'' kecil (frame drum) nang dipakai gasan mengiringi bacaan vokal dalam upacara kaagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barakas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sabuting bubuhan dari penari Malayu Siam nang manampailakan Mak Yong (sakitar abad ka-19). Pada tahun 2005, buku ngini mandapat pangakuan sabagai salah satu karya agung warisan lisan wan nang kada talihat umat manusia ulih [[Pahimpunan Pandidikan, Kailmuan, wan Kabudayaan Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNESCO]].]] Musik Nobat manjadi bagian matan Royal Regalia dari pangadilan Malayu sajak datangnya Islam pada abad ka-12 wan hanya dimainkan dalam upacara pangadilan nang penting. Orkestrenya tamasuk instrumen sakral wan nang dihormati banar nang kaya ''nehara'' (drum ketel), ''[[babun]]'' (drum kepala ganda), ''nafiri'' (trumpet), ''[[sarunai]]'' (oboe), wan kadang-kadang gong berkunci wan sapasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pangaruh India kuat dalam pamainan bayangan tradisional nang dipinandui sabagai Wayang Kulit nang mana kisah-kisah matan epik Hindu; Ramayana & Mahabharata mambantuk repertoar utama. Ada ampat macam teater wayang bayangan nang kawa ditamui di Samananjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' wan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Tatapi, seni wan kisah-kisah ''Wayang Purwa'' wan ''Wayang Siam'' manunjukakan pangaruh wilayah nang bagabung lawan basa Jawa wan Siam masing-masing, samantara ''Wayang Melayu'' wan ''Wayang Gedek'' mancaritakan bentuk wan gaya Malayu nang labih asli. Kesenian-kesenian pamentasan Malayu nang terkenal lainnya adalah; teater ''Bangsawan'', balada cinta ''Dondang Sayang'' wan tari ''Mak Inang'' matan Kasultanan Malaka, teater ''Jikey'' wan ''Mek Mulung'' matan [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], tari ''Asyik'' wan drama tari ''Menora'' matan Patani wan [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], tari ''Ulek mayang'' wan ''Rodat'' matan [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]], teater ''Boria'' matan Penang, tari ''Canggung'' matan [[Pirlis, Malaysia|Pirlis]], lagu-lagu naratif ''Mukun'' matan [[Brunai]] wan [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> Gending Sriwijaya matan Palembang, tari Serampang Dua Belas matan Serdang,<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api tarian api matan [[Riau]] wan Dikir barat Singapura matan [[Singapura]]. === Seni visual === [[Barakas:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, burung mitos raksasa nang diulah gasan parada sunat agung pangeran [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]]]] Ukiran kayu marupakan bagian matan seni visual Malayu klasik. Urang Malayu sacara tradisional manghias monumen, parahu, sanjata, makam, instrumen musik, wan pakakasnya lawan motif flora, kaligrafi, geometri, wan fitur kosmik. Seni ngini diulah lawan cara mahapus kayu lawan mamakai alat-alat nang tajam wan maumpati pola, komposisi wan urutan tartentu. Bentuk [[sani]], nang dipinandui sabagai ''ukir'', disambat sabagai tindakan pangabdian matan para pangrajin kepada pencipta wan hadiah gasan sasama manusia.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk kesenian ngini tarutama dikaranakan banyaknya kayu di Kapulauan Malayu wan jua karana kaahlian tukang-tukang kayu nang mamungkinakan urang-urang Malayu mapraktekkan ukiran kayu sabagai karajinan. Lingkungan tropis alami di mana flora wan fauna banyak nang mengilhami motif nang digambarakan dalam bentuk abstrak atawa distilasi ka dalam papan kayu. Dengan datangnya Islam, bentuk kaligrafi geometris wan Islam diparkanalakan dalam ukiran kayu. Kayu nang diguna'akan biasanya dari spesies kayu keras tropis nang diketahui tahan lama wan kawa tahan sarangan jamur, kumbang sapatu-sapatu listrik wan rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Rumah atawa [[masigit]] tradisional Malayu nang khas pasti dihiasi lawan labih matan 20 bagian nang diukir. Ukiran di dinding wan panel mamungkinakan angin masuk wan kaluar bangunan sacara efektif wan kawa mamungkinakan sinar matahari mancahaya bagian dalam struktur. Pada saat nang sama, bayangan nang dibuang ulih panel jua akan meulah bayangan badasarkan motif nang manambah kaindahan di lantai. Jadi, bagian-bagian nang diukir manjalankan tujuan fungsional wan estetika. === Tambikar === [[Barakas:Sayong.jpg|thumb|''Labu Sayong'' bawarna hitam, guci klasik Malayu matan Kuala Kangsar, [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]], [[Malaysia]]]] Dalam budaya Malayu, tembikar kada cuma dianggap sabagai parabot rumah tangga haja. Ini dianggap sabagai karya [[sani]], contoh talenta, nang dihiasi lawan kaindahan, warisan, katabahan, wan kabaktian ka agama. Tambikar tanah liat Malayu biasanya kada bapasir, lawan rancangan hiasannya diukir pas tambikarnya satangah kering pas proses pambuatannya.<ref name="Travel Malaysia 2012">{{cite web |title= Malaysian Handicraft – Pottery |website= Go2Travelmalaysia.com |url= http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/pottery.htm |access-date= 3 Nupimbir 2026 |archive-date= 21 Nupimbir 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171121031048/http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/pottery.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> Manurut babarapa panalitian,<ref name="Azmi Arifin 2015">{{harvnb|Azmi Arifin|2015}}</ref> industri parak Malayu asli bagambang sacara lokal matan zaman kuno nang ganal wan matan situ mancakup tingkatan kabudayaan nang tinggi. Jua sudah dicatat bahwa ciri-ciri desain tembikarnya Malayu manunjukakan kada adanya pangaruh asing sabalum abad ka-19, sabuah paradoks amun dipikirakan kontak budaya nang luas antara urang Malayu lawan dunia luar.<ref name="Azmi Arifin 2015"/> Di antara keramik tradisiunal Malayu nang terkenal ada ''Mambong'' matan [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], nang dibentuk dari tanah liat wan dikenal lawan warna terakota. Biasanya, bantuknya kayak alat masak. Di pasisir barat, ''Labu Sayong'' nang bawarna itam di Kuala Kangsar dihormati gasan guci nang babantuk labu. Ada jua babarapa varian ''Labu'', tamasuk ''Labu Tela'', ''Labu Kepala'', ''Labu Gelugor Tela'' wan ''Labu Gelugor Kepala''.<ref name="Travel Malaysia 2012"/> Bantuk-bantuk karamik tradisiunal Malayu nang lain adalah: ''Belanga'', biasanya baisi bibir nang lebar wan dasar nang bulik, parakian ngini biasanya dipakai gasan mamasak kari. Dianggap bahwa struktur tanahnya kawa manulung panas supaya rata tarusar, nang bakaitan lawan dasar bulatnya. Versi nang labih halus matan ''Belanga'' disambat ''periok'', dipakai gasan mamasak [[banih|nasi/banih]]; ''Buyong'', rancak dikiau baisi leher nang lurus wan badan nang babantuk bola, rancak dipakai gasan wadah banyu; ''Terenang'', ''Terenang'' nang babantuk persegi dipakai gasan wadah, hususnya di daerah Malayu pasisir [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], Patani, wan [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]]; ''Bekas Bara'', wadah halus, biasanya diulah gasan dipakai gasan dupa; ''Jambangan'', vas tradisiunal Malayu, biasanya gasan tujuan estetika wan ''Geluk'', wadah banyu halus.{{sfn|Cikgu Paklong|2017}} == Kalompok-kalompok sub-etnis == {{see also|Urang Malayu Malaysia|Urang Malayu Indunisia|Urang Malayu Brunai|Urang Malayu Singapura}} [[Barakas:Indonesia Ethnic Groups Map - EN.svg|thumb|center|upright=3.0|Wilayah urang Malayu digambarakan dalam warna hijau wan kalompok-kalompok sub-etnis nang bahubungan lainnya digambarakan dalam warna hijau nang labih gelap atawa labih cerah.]] Walaupun mambantuk 3,4% matan jumlah panduduk, etnis Malayu marupakan salah sabuting etnis nang paling banyak didistribusikan di Indunisia. Kaya nang ditampaiakan di peta, di luar Kapulauan Indunisia, urang Malayu bagana di Samananjung Malayu, mambantuk kalompok etnis nang mandominasi di Samananjung Malaysia wan minoritas nang signifikan di [[Singapura]], [[Thailand]] wan Myanmar salatan. Koridor wilayah Malayu Borneo dimulai di utara matan barat daya [[Sabah, Malaysia|Sabah]], tarus lawan nagara [[Brunai|Brunai Darussalam]], [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]] pasisir wan tarus turun ka [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]].{{lower |0.4em|{{sfn|Yunos|Begawan|2011}}}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Kalompok etnis ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Karajaan-karajaan sajarah ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Dairah lawan populasi nang signifikan |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Bangka wan Balitung | | * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bangka-Belitung.svg}} Kapulauan Bangka Belitung |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Bangkok{{sfn|Umaiyah Haji Omar|2003}}{{sfn|Umaiyah Haji Omar|2007}} | | * {{flagicon image|Seal Bangkok.png}} Min Buri, Nong Chok<br />{{flagicon image|Seal Pathum Thani.png}} Lam Luk Ka, Mueang Pathum<br />{{flagicon image|Seal Ayutthaya.png}} Prupinsi Ayutthaya |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Bangkulu | | * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bengkulu.svg}} Bengkulu |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Berau | * Kasultanan Berau (1377–1830) * Kasultanan Gunung Tabur (1810–1945) * Kasultanan Sambaliung (1810–1945) | * {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of Berau Regency.svg}} Kabupatin Berau |- valign="top" | Urang Bugis-Malayu<ref name="Karim">{{harvnb|Gulrose Karim|1990|p=74}}</ref><ref name="Joseph">{{harvnb|Joseph|Najmabadi|2006|p=436}}</ref>(kalompok Malayu nang basimilasi katurunan [[Bugis]]) | * Karajaan Mempawah (1740–1950)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://melayuonline.com/eng/history/dig/422/mempawah-sultanate |title=Mempawah Sultanate |website=Melaju Online |access-date=28 Uktubir 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160408190433/http://melayuonline.com/eng/history/dig/422/mempawah-sultanate |archive-date=8 April 2016 }}</ref> * Kasultanan Selangor (1745–wahini) * Kasultanan Riau-Lingga (1824–1911) | * {{Flag|Riau}},<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau * {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Burma | | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Tanintharyi Region (1974–2010).svg}} Divisi Tanintharyi |- valign="top" | [[Urang Malayu Brunai]]{{sfn|IBP|2007|pp=151–152}}<ref name="Colling">{{harvnb|Colling|1973|p=6804}}</ref><ref name="Aris">{{harvnb|Othman|1983|pp=1–26}}</ref><ref name="Husain">{{harvnb|Husain|2007|pp=16, 33, 34}}</ref> | * [[Kakaisaran Barunai]] (abad ka-7 sampai ka-15) * Kasultanan Brunai (1363–wahini) | * {{flag|Brunai}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of Labuan.svg}} Labuan,<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak.svg}} [[Sarawak]],<br>{{flag|Sabah}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Cocos | | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Christmas Island.svg}} Pulau Natal,<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Cocos (Keeling) * {{flag|Sabah}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Jambi | * Karajaan Jambi (abad ka-7) * Dharmasraya (1183–1347) * Kasultanan Jambi (1460–1907) | * {{flag|Jambi}} |- valign="top" | Urang Jawa-Malayu<ref name="Karim" /><ref name="Joseph" /><br />(kalompok Malayu nang basimilasi katurunan [[urang Jawa|Jawa]]) | * Kasultanan Palimbang (1550–1823) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan,<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara * {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]] * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Juhur<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Kasultanan Johor (1528–wahini) * Kasultanan Muar (1855–1877) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Kadah<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" />{{sfn|Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah|1986|pp=19–69}} | * Paradaban Lambah Bujang (abad ka-1) * Langkasuka (abad ka-2–ka-14) * Karajaan Kadah (Kedah Tua) (abad ka-7t–ka-12) * Kasultanan Kadah (1136–wahini) * Kasultanan Setul (1808–1916){{sfn|Halimi|Pitchai|2016}} * Karajaan Kubang Pasu (1839–1864) * [[Pirlis, Malaysia|Karajaan Pirlis]] (1842–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Perlis.svg}} [[Pirlis, Malaysia|Pirlis]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg}} Pulau Pinang,<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]] * {{flagicon image|Seal Satun.png}} Satun,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Trang.png}} Trang,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Krabi.png}} Krabi |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Kalantan<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Karajaan Bumi Habang (abad ka-1–ka-6) * Kasultanan Kalantan (1267–wahini) * Kasultanan Jembal (1638–1720) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan.svg}} [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Narathiwat.svg}} Narathiwat * {{flagicon image|Flag of Besut, Terengganu.svg}} Besut ([[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]]) |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Lahat | | * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Loloan | | * {{flagicon image|Lambang Kab Jembrana.png}} Kabupatin Jembrana |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Malaka<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Kasultanan Malaka (1402–1511) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]] |- valign="top" | Urang Minangkabau-Malayu<ref name="Karim" /><ref name="Joseph" /><br />(''kalompok Malayu asimilasi katurunan Minangkabau'') | * Dharmasraya (1183–1347) * [[Kesultanan Siak]] (1725–1949) * Kapamimpinan Nagari Sambilan (1773–wahini) | * {{flag|Riau}},<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau * {{flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]],<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Sumatera Timur Laut | * Kasultanan Asahan (1630–1946) * Kasultanan Bilah (1630–1946) * Kasultanan Deli (1632–1946) * Kasultanan Langkat (1568–1946) * Kasultanan Serdang (1728–1946) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Pahang<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Karajaan Pahang Kuna (abad ka-5–1454) * Kasultanan Pahang Lawas (1470–1623) * Karajaan Pahang Modern (1770–1881) * Kasultanan Pahang Moderen (1881–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] |- valign="top" | [[Urang Palimbang|Urang Malayu Palimbang]]<ref name="Konstruksi Hukum Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Berdasarkan Syar'iat Islam">{{Cite web|title=Konstruksi Hukum Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Berdasarkan Syar'iat Islam|language= id|date=Agustus 2019|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334990443}}</ref><ref name="Tradisi Ruwahan pada Masyarakat Melayu Palembang">{{Cite web|title=Tradisi Ruwahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Dalam Perspektif Fenomenologis|language= id|date=Disimbir 2022|url=https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/SosialBudaya/article/viewFile/19338/8602}}</ref><ref name="Akulturasi dalam Tradisi Kelahiran Orang Melayu Palembang">{{Cite web|title=Akulturasi dalam Tradisi Kelahiran Orang Melayu Palembang|language= id|date=Disimbir 2019|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/506596-none-eb4c4768.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Budaya Politik Aristokrat Melayu Abad ke XVIII – XIX M : Analisis Kontekstual Manuskrip Sejarah Palembang - Dr. Komaruddin, ed al. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Raden Fatah Palembang">{{Cite journal|title=Budaya Politik Aristokrat Melayu Abad ke XVIII – XIX M: Analisis Kontekstual Manuskrip Sejarah Palembang – Dr. Komaruddin, ed al. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Raden Fatah Palembang|journal= Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam|language= id|date=2022|volume= 18|issue= 2|pages= 69–86|doi= 10.19109/tamaddun.v18i2.2785|url=https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/tamaddun/article/view/2785/1887|last1= Niswah|first1= Chirun|doi-access= free}}</ref> | * [[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] (abad ka-7–ka-13) * Kasultanan Palimbang (1550–1823) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Patani<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Karajaan Negara Sri Dharmaraja (Milinium ka-1–abad ka-15) * Langkasuka (abad ka-2–ka-14) * Kasultanan Pattani (1516–1902) * Kasultanan Singgora (1603–1689) * Karajaan Reman (1785–1902) * Karajaan Legeh (1755–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39">{{harvnb|Anuar Nik Mahmud|1999|p=39}}</ref> * Karajaan Nong Chik (1809–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> * Karajaan Jalur (1817–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> * Karajaan Teluban (1817–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> * Karajaan Jering (1817–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> | * {{flagicon image|Seal Pattani.png}} Pattani,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Yala.png}} Yala,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Narathiwat.png}} Narathiwat,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Songkhla.png}} Songkhla,<br />{{flagicon image|Seal Phattalung.png}} Phattalung * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan.svg}} [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Pirak<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Gangga Negara (abad ka-2–ka-11) * Kasultanan Pirak (1528–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Riau | * Kasultanan Kuntu Kampar (1234–1933) * Kasultanan Indragiri (1298–1945) * Kasultanan Rokan (1569–1940) * Kasultanan Pelalawan (1791–1946) * Kasultanan Riau-Lingga (1824–1911) | * {{flag|Riau}},<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau,<br /> {{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Pasaman.png}} Kabupatin Pasaman,<br />{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.png}} Kabupatin Lima Puluh Kota |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Sarawak{{sfn|Said|2012}}{{sfn|Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak|}} | * Karajaan Santubong (abad ka-7) * Karajaan Samarahan (abad ka-13) * Karajaan Saribas (abad ka-15) * Karajaan Banting (abad ka-16) * Kasultanan Sarawak (1598–1641) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak.svg}} [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Slangor | * Kasultanan Selangor (1745–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]] |- valign="top" | [[Urang Malayu Singapura]] | * Karajaan Singapura (1299–1398) | * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Tamiang | * Karajaan Bukit Karang (1023–1330) * Kasultanan Benua Tamiang (1330–1528) | * {{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang.png}} Kabupatin Aceh Tamiang |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Tarangganu<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Kasultanan Terengganu (1708–wahini) * Karajaan Besut (1780–1899) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Terengganu.svg}} [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]] * [[Kuantan, Malaysia|Kuta Kuantan]] ([[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]]) |- valign="top" |Urang Malayu Kalimantan Barat | * Karajaan Landak (1292–1962) * Karajaan Matan (1590–1948) * Karajaan Mempawah (1740–1950) * Kasultanan Pontianak (1771–1950) * Kasultanan Sambas (1675–1944) * Karajaan Sanggau (1310–1960) * Karajaan Sintang (1365–1950) * [[Tanjungpura|Karajaan Tanjungpura]] (880–1590) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of West Kalimantan.svg}} [[Kalimantan Barat]] |} == Liat jua == * [[Dunia Malayu]] * [[Rumah Malayu]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin}} {{Div col|colwidth=25em}} * {{citation | last = Abd. 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Oswald Leopol | title = The world and south east Asia | publisher = Oswald Ziegler Enterprises | year = 1972 | isbn = 978-0-909586-03-4 }} {{div col end}} {{refend}} == Pranala luar == * {{ms}} [http://iyco0.tripod.com/usmanawang.html Puisi Usman Awang mengenai Melayu.]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{en}} [http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=29765 Melayu] * {{id}} [http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:lYcg2r-ziWYJ:ccm.um.edu.my/umweb/fsss/images/persidangan/Kertas%2520Kerja/Pak%2520Witrianto.doc+Rumpun+Banjar&hl=id&ct=clnk&cd=139&gl=id&client=firefox-a Modal Sosial dan Pembangunan Manusia Melayu oleh Witrianto, S.S., M.Hum., M.Si dari Universitas Andalas]{{Dead link|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{id}} [http://www.indonesiamedia.com/2004/05/early/budaya/budaya-0504-bhinneka.htm Bhinneka Tunggal Ika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126030352/http://www.indonesiamedia.com/2004/05/early/budaya/budaya-0504-bhinneka.htm |date=26 Januari 2010 }} * {{id}} [http://melayuonline.com/article/?a=aW1QL3FMZVZBUkU4Ng%3D%3D= Gerakan Bangsa Melayu Besar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408223826/http://melayuonline.com/article/?a=aw1ql3fmzvzbuku4ng=== |date=8 April 2016 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malayu}} [[Tumbung:Urang Malayu| ]] [[Tumbung:Malayu|*]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Malaysia]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Brunai]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Singapura]] {{Authority control}} 5kdg81uakdhft8igf824ff3onqnvhzk 115942 115941 2026-11-12T08:23:24Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 115942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AP}} {{ethnic group |group = Urang Malayu <br/> Suku Melayu <br/> Orang Melayu <br/> اورڠ ملايو |image = [[Berkas:Malay couple.jpg|thumb]] |caption = |poptime = '''± 27.000.000''' |region1 = '''{{flag|Malaysia}}''' |pop1 = 20.749.378 |ref1 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} |region2 = '''{{flag|Indunisia}}''' |pop2 = 8.789.585 |ref2 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} |region3 = '''{{flag|Thailand}}''' |pop3 = 5.354.475 |ref3 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref>}} |region4 = '''{{flag|Pilipina}}''' |pop4 = 2.000.000 |ref4 = |region5 = '''{{flag|Singapura}}''' |pop5 = 1.003.449 |ref5 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} |region6 = '''{{flag|Brunai}}''' |pop6 = 501.902 |ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flag|Australia}}''' | pop7 = 33.183 | ref7 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry|title=Australia – Ancestry|website=.id community|access-date=3 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=3 Januari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081623/https://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry/|url-status=live}}</ref> | region8 = '''{{flag|Britania Raya}}''' | pop8 = ~33.000{{Citation needed|date=Nupimbir 2026}} | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flag|Amirika Sarikat}}''' | pop9 = 29.431 | ref9 = <ref name="Access (DADS) 2010">{{cite web|title=Data Access Dissemination Systems (DADS): Results|website=United States Census Bureau|date=5 Uktubir 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/|access-date=3 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=27 Disimbir 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref> |langs = [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]], [[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]], [[Basa Arab|Arab]], [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] |rels = [[Islam]] |related = [[Urang Banjar|Banjar]], [[Urang Jawa|Jawa]], Sunda, Minangkabau, Kerinci, Aceh, Dayak }} '''Urang Malayu''' ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu}}; [[Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|أورڠ ملايو}}) ngini bubuhan étnis wan agama Austronésia nang baasal matan Samananjung Malayu, [[Sumatera]] timur, pasisir [[Kalimantan]], wan pulau-pulau halus nang baandak di antara lokasi-lokasi ngini nang dipinandui sabagai [[Nusantara]] Riau. [[Basa Malayu]] marupakan anggota matan rumpun basa Austronesia. Wilayah-wilayah ngini wayah ini marupakan bagian matan nagara-nagara [[Malaysia]], [[Indunisia]] ([[Sumatera]] timur wan selatan, Kapulauan Bangka Belitung, [[Kalimantan Barat]], Kapulauan Riau, wan pasisir [[Kalimantan Timur]]), bagian salatan Thailand (Pattani, Satun, Songkhla, Trang, Krabi, Yala, wan Narathiwat), [[Singapura]], [[Brunai]], wan ujung salatan Myanmar (Tanintharyi). [[Berkas:P Ramlee Dunia Film 15 May 1954 p20.jpg|thumb|[[P. Ramlee]]]] [[Berkas:Malay tricolour.svg|thumb|[[Talu warna Malayu]]]] Bahkan, banyak komunitas Minangkabau, Mandailing, wan [[urang Dayak|Dayak]] nang pindah ka pantai timur [[Sumatera]] wan pantai barat [[pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]], mangaku sabagai urang Malayu. Salain di Nusantara, urang Malayu jua ada di Sri Lanka, Kapulauan Cocos (Keeling) ''(Cocos Malays)'', wan [[Aprika Salatan]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Pakambangan wan didirian Kasultanan Malaka pas abad ka-15 manyababakan revolusi ganal dalam sajarah bangsa Malayu. Hal ngitu tajadi karana kasultanan ngitu mambawa parubahan nang sangat signifikan pada tata kabudayaan wan kasultanan ngitu mandapatakan kajayaan pada masa ngitu. Sapanjang sajarahnya, urang-urang Malayu dipinandui sabagai komunitas padagangan pasisir nang baisi ciri-ciri budaya nang baubah.{{sfn|Milner|2010|p=131}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7, 32, 33 & 43}} Buhannya manyerap, mambagi wan manyampaiakan banyak ciri budaya dari kalompok etnis lokal lainnya, nang kaya Minangkabau wan Aceh. == Etimologi == {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Urang Malayu Malaka | caption1 = Gambaran cat banyu Purtugis matan urang Malayu di Malaka, kikira tahun 1540, ditampaiakan dalam Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Sepasang urang Malayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Malayu, matan ''Reise nach Batavia'', antara tahun 1669 wan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari manari joget Malayu | caption3 = Tari Joget nang baasal matan masa Kasultanan Malaka, banyak aspek budaya Malayu baasal matan wilayah Malaka }} Kuya Malayu pamulaannya ngaran tampat (toponim), nang marujuk ka sabuting andak di Sumatera. Imbah abad ka-15 istilah Malayu mulai dipakai gasan manyambat ngaran suku (etnonim).<ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Timothy P. Barnard|year=2004|title=Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries|location=Singapore|publisher=Singapore University press|isbn=9971-69-279-1|page=|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Sastra ''Sajarah Malayu'', mahubungakan asal etimologis "Melayu" lawan sabuah sungai halus bangaran Sungai Malayu di [[Sumatera]], [[Indunisia]]. Epos tasalah manyambat bahwa sungai ngini mangalir ka Sungai Musi di Palembang, padahal sabujurnya sungai ngini mangalir ka Sungai Batang Hari di [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reid|first=Anthony|date=Uktubir 2001|title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=32|issue=3|pages=295-313}}</ref>{{rp|298}} Babarapa urang bapandapat bahwa istilah ngitu baasal matan sabuah kata nang baasal matan [[basa Malayu]], yaitu "melaju" nang baasal dari awalan 'me' wan akar kata 'laju', nang manggambarakan kakuatan arus di sungai ngitu.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} [[Barakas:Candi Tinggi.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Candi Muaro Jambi di [[Jambi]], dihubungakan lawan keberadaan karajaan Melayu pra-Islam. Candi-candi biasanya dibangun di tangah-tangah pusat karajaan]] === Sabagai ngaran tampat (toponim) === Istilah "Malayu" dan palafalan nang sama sajak abad ke-15 adalah sabuah toponim kuno nang umumnya mangacu pada daerah-daerah di selat Malaka.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} [[Barakas:Tengku Abd Aziz Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Tengku Abdu Aziz, Pangeran dari [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]] nang mamakai pakaian khas Melayu formal wayah itu (sekitar 1920)]] * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dwipa", kaya nang tacatat dalam bab 48 Bayupurana, wilayah Malaka marupakan sabuah provinsi di laut timur nang sugih banar lawan amas wan perak. Babarapa ahli jua mamasukakan wilayah [[Sumatera]] ka dalam istilah ngitu.{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} Tagal, bubuhan ahli dari India parcaya bahua istilah ini hanya marujuk pada samananjung Malayu nang tadiri matan banyak gunung, sadangkan [[Sumatera]] labih marujuk pada gambaran di dalam Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – sabuah lokasi di Samananjung Amang, nang tacatat dalam karya Klaudius Ptolemaeus (90–68 M), ''Geographia'' mancatat sabuah tanjung di ''Aurea Chersonesus'' (Samananjung Malayu) nang bangaran ''Maleu-kolon'', nang diyakini barasal matan Basa Sanskerta, ''malayakolam'' atawa ''malaikurram''.<ref>{{cite book|title= Researches on Ptolemy's geography of eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago|page= 101|author= Gerolamo Emilio Gerini|isbn= 81-70690366|year= 1974|publisher= Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers }}</ref> {{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – dikisahakan ulih Yijing, saurang biarawan [[Buddha]] matan dinasti Tang nang bakunjangan ka Asia tenggara pada tahun 688–695. Manurut Yijing, karajaan "Mo-Lo-Yu" bajarak 15 hari balayar matan Bogha (Palembang), ibu kota Sribhoga ([[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Kerajaan ngitu jua jaraknya 15 hari palayaran dari Ka-Cha ([[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]]), sahingga kawa dikatahui bahwa kerajaan Mo-Lo-Yu baandak di tangah jarak antara kaduanya.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Teori populer mahubungakan ka'ada'an "Mo-Lo-Yu" lawan situs Kuil Muaro Jambi di Sumatera,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} tagal ka'ada'an Jambi sangat balawanan lawan parnyaraan Yi Jinh nang manyambat bahwa inya ba'andak di tangah-tangah ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lawan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Di antara masa akhir dinasti Yuan (1271–1368) wan masa awal dinasti Ming (1368–1644), kata ''Ma-La-Yu'' rancak disambat dalam teks-teks kuno Tiongkok gasan manyambat wilayah nang baandak di laut salatan. === Sabagai ngaran suku (etnonim) === Sastra Malayu Klasik manggambarakan urang Malayu dalam arti nang tahalus daripada interpretasi mudirin. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (sakitar tahun 1700, manuskrip sakitar tahun 1849) hanya mangidentifikasi suku Malayu sabagai subyek Kasultanan Malaka; Brunai pada waktu itu kada dianggap sabagai Malayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (sakitar 1876) kada manyabutakan Patani wan Brunai sabagai Malayu, istilah itu hanya digunaakan gasan [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]]. Kedah kada tamasuk sabagai suku Malayu dalam ''Hikayat Kedah''/''Hikayat Merong'' Mahawangsa (sakitar 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (sakitar 1625, naskah nang ada sakitar 1675) mahubungakan etnis Malayu lawan Johor, tagal kada manyabutakan Aceh atawa Deli sabagai Malayu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Milner|first=Anthony|year=2011|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&vq=liberally&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=The Malays|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781444391664|pages=91-92}}</ref><ref>Untuk usia manuskrip, lihat [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html |date=2022-08-09 }}.</ref> == Budaya == === Agama === [[Barakas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masigit Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin di [[Brunai]] wayah malam [[Ramadan]]. Karajaan nang sugih ngini mangadopsi Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Malayu'') sabagai filosofi nasional sajak kamardikaannya pada tahun 1984.]] Masyarakat Malayu awal sabagian besar animis, percaya akan keberadaan ''semangat'' (roh) dalam sagala hal.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Sakitar pambukaan era umum, [[Hindu]]isme wan Budhisme diperkenalkan ulih padagang Asia Selatan ka Kapulauan Malaya, di mana buhannya bakambang sampai abad ka-13, sabalum datangnya Islam nang dibawa ulih padagang Muslim Arab, Asia Salatan wan Cina. Pada abad ka-15, Islam matan sekte Sunni ortodoks bakembang di [[dunia Malayu]] di bawah Kasultanan Malaka. Bida lawan Hinduisme, nang sacara superfisial maubah masyarakat Malayu awal, Islam kawa disambat sudah sacara pinuh baintegrasi ka dalam kahidupan sahari-hari panduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Sajak era ngini, urang-urang Malayu dianggap sabagai kalompok etnis wan agama wan sacara tradisiunal mamiliki identifikasi erat dangan Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} wan mereka kada mangubah agama mereka sajak ngitu.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas ngini sangat kuat sampai-sampai dipadahakan bahwa manjadi Muslim adalah ''masuk Melayu'' (masuk Malayu).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Namun, kepercayaan awal baisi akar nang labih dalam, buhannya mampartahanakan diri malawan anathema Islam – wan jua mistisisme Sufisme sudah bahubungan antara urang Malayu, lawan roh-roh dunia animistik awal wan babarapa unsur Hinduisme.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Imbah tahun 1970-an, kabangkitan Islam (disambat jua re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) di saluruh dunia Muslim, banyak tradisi nang dianggap manyalahi ajaran Islam wan mangandung unsur-unsur syirik ditinggalakan ulih [[urang Malayu Malaysia|urang Malayu di Malaysia]], sadangkan di kalangan [[urang Malayu Indunisia|urang Malayu di Indunisia]], tradisi ngini kada dianggap sabagai takhayul wan mangandung unsur-unsur syirik. Di antara tradisi nginih adalah festival ''mandi safar'' (mandi Safar), sebuah festival mandi gasan mancapai kamurnian spiritual, nang kawa dilihat ciri-cirinya mirip lawan babarapa matan Durga Puja di India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Kabanyakan etnis Malayu modern adalah panganut Islam Sunni<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=7 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Uktubir 2012}}</ref> wan festival Malayu nang paling panting adalah festival asal Islam — ''[[Hari Raya Pitrah|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Hari Raya Haji|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Tahun puga Islam|Awal Muharram]]'', wan ''[[Mulut (parayaan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Di Malaysia wan Brunai, urang-urang Malayu dianggap murtad apabila bapindah agama matan Islam. Tagal, ada babarapa etnis Malayu nang badiam di luar nagara-nagara ngini jua sudah manarima agama lain sacara legal di bawah hukum. === Arsitéktur === {{See also|Rumah Malayu}} [[Barakas:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Rūmah tradisional Malayu di [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], dihiasi lawan panel ukiran khas dari Samananjung Malayu utara.]] [[Barakas:Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum 1.jpg|thumb|350px|Replika Istana Kasultanan Malaka, nang dibangun matan informasi wan data nang didapat matan Sajarah Malayu. Dokumen sajarah ngini baisi referensi gasan pambangunan wan arsitéktur istana-istana wayah zaman Sultan Mansur Shah, nang mamarintah matan 1458 sampai 1477.]] Berbagai pangaruh budaya, tarutama Cina, Hindia, wan Irupa, bamain peran utama dalam mambantuk arsitéktur Malayu.{{sfn|Henket|Heynen|2002|p=181}} Sampai wayah ngini, kayu adalah bahan utama nang diguna'akan gasan sabarataan bangunan tradisiunal Malayu.<ref name="MC1219">{{harvnb|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1219}}</ref> Tagal, banyak jua struktur batu nang ditamuakan tarutama kompleks kaagamaan matan zaman [[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] wan karajaan Malayu isthmian kuno. Candi Muara Takus wan Candi Muaro Jambi di [[Sumatera]] adalah salah sabuting contoh nang bahubungan lawan unsur-unsur arsitektur Kakaisaran Sriwijaya. Namun, arsitéktur Sriwijaya tarutama diwakili di Chaiya (wayah ngini sabuah provinsi di Thailand) di Samananjung Malaya, nang marupakan pusat panting salawas periode Sriwijaya.{{sfn|Chihara|1996|p=213}}{{sfn|Van Beek|Invernizzi|1999|p=75}} Tipe strukturnya tadiri matan ruang sel gasan mangandung gambar Buddha wan puncak strukturnya diulah dalam bantuk ''stupa'' lawan teras-terasan nang baurutan, nang marupakan cuntuh nang paling baik di ''Wat Pra Borom That'' di Chaiya.{{sfn|Jermsawatdi|1989|p=65}} Ada jua bukti kuil Hindu atawa ''Candi'' di sakitar salatan [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]] antara gunung Jerai wan lembah Sungai Muda, dairah nang dipinandui sabagai Lembah Bujang. Di dalam wilayah sakitar 350 kilometer pasagi, 87 situs agama sajarah awal sudah dilaporakan wan ada 12 ''candi'' nang baandak di puncak gunung, sabuah fitur nang manunjukakan mungkin baasal matan kaparcayaan Malayu prasejarah manganai kasucian tempat-tempat tinggi.{{sfn|O'Reilly|2007|p=42}} [[Barakas:Pintu Istana Setul Mambang Segara.jpg|thumb|350px|Sabuting panel dinding nang dihiasi lawan bamacam motif kambang matan istana Setul Mambang Segara nang dilihat di Muzium Negara. Setul adalah sabuah karajaan Malayu nang ada antara tahun 1808 wan 1915 di subalah utara Samananjung Malayu.]] Rujukan awal arsitektur Melayu di Samananjung Melayu kawa ditamui di babarapa catatan Cina. Sebuah catatan Cina abad ka-7 mangisahakan bubuhan jamaah haji Buddha nang datang ka Langkasuka wan manyabutakan kuta ngitu dikelilingi tembok nang di atasnya dibangun manara-manara wan didatangi malalui dua pintu gerbang.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=59}} Catatan abad ka-7 nang lain matan utusan khusus Tiongkok ka Karajaan Bumi Habang di Samananjung Malaya, mancatat bahwa ibu kota baisi tiga gerbang nang tapisah labih matan saratus langkah, nang dihiasi lawan lukisan tema Buddha wan roh-roh bibinian.{{sfn|Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi|2005|p=19}} Deskripsi rinci partama matan arsitéktur Malayu ada di ''Istana'' kayu nang ganal matan Mansur Shah matan Malaka (berada 1458-1477).<ref name="MC1219" /> Manurut Sejarah Melayu, bangunan ngini baisi struktur tujuh teluk nang ditinggikan di atas pilar-pilar kayu lawan atap tujuh tingkatan di atas karing-karing batu kapur wan dihiasi lawan puncak-puncak manara nang dihias lawan kaca kaca Cina.{{sfn|Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi|2005|p=24}} [[Rumah Malayu|Rumah-rumah tradisiunal Malayu]] diulah mamakai struktur rangka kayu nang sederhana. Rūmah-rūmah nginih baisi atap nang manyimpang, teras di bagian muka, langit-langit nang tinggi, banyak lubang di dinding gasan ventilasi,<ref>{{cite web |last=Ahmad |first=A. Ghafar |title=Malay Vernacular Architecture |url= http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/malayvernacular.htm |access-date=26 Uktubir 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100610190114/http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/malayvernacular.htm |archive-date=10 Juni 2010 }}</ref> wan rancak dihiasi lawan ukiran kayu nang rumit. Kaindahan wan kualitas ukiran kayu Malayu dimaksudakan gasan manjadi indikator visual matan pangkat sosial wan status matan pamiliknya.{{sfn|Noor|Khoo|2003|p=47}} Rumah Salinger, nang manang Hadiah Arsitektur Aga Khan 1998, adalah contoh modern matan desain tradisiunal ngini.<ref name="Steele 187-188">{{cite book |last1=Steele |first1=James |url=https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0000stee/page/186/mode/2up?q=%22salinger+house%22 |title=The Greenwood encyclopedia of homes through world history: Volume 3 |date=2009 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-33791-8 |pages=187–188 |access-date=26 Uktubir 2026}}</ref><ref name="Jantan et al. 16-17">{{cite book |last1=Jantan |first1=Amer Hamzah |url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiasingapor0000mala/page/16/mode/2up?q=%22Rudinara%22 |title=Malaysia, Singapore, and ASEAN in an age of globalisation |last2=Said |first2=Hassan |last3=Bajunid |first3=Ibrahim Ahmad |last4=Ismail |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Talib |first5=Shaharil |last6=Ahmad |first6=Shamsulbahriah Ku |date=2002 |publisher=Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya |isbn=983-2085-42-X |pages=16–17 |access-date=26 Uktubir 2026}}</ref> Salawas babarapa dekade, arsitéktur tradisiunal Malayu dipangaruh ulih [[Bugis]] wan [[urang Jawa|Jawa]] matan salatan, Siam, Inggris, [[urang Arab|Arab]] wan India matan utara, Portugis, Belanda, Aceh wan [[Rumah Gadang|Minangkabau]] matan barat dan Cina Salatan matan timur.<ref>{{cite web |title=For Sale – CountryHeights |work=The Art of Living Show |date=22 Marit 2011 |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZCHUMYs2CM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251102020704/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZCHUMYs2CM&feature=youtu.be |archive-date=2025-11-02 |url-status=live |access-date=2026-10-25 |dead-url=unfit}}</ref> === Basa === [[Barakas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|Prasasti Kedukan Bukit nang ditulis dalam aksara Pallawa. Baasal matan tahun 683, ngini adalah salah satu artefak tulisan Malayu nang paling tuha nang masih ada.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Tulisan Jawi}} [[Basa Malayu]] marupakan salah satu basa nang paling tarkanal di dunia, tarutama basa Austronesia. Varian wan dialek Malayu dipakai sabagai basa rasmi di [[Brunai]], [[Indunisia]], [[Malaysia]] wan [[Singapura]]. Basa ini jua dituturakan di [[Thailand]] salatan, Kapulauan Cocos, Pulau Natal, Sri Lanka. Basa ini dituturakan sabagai basa asli ulih sakitar 33 juta urang di saluruh Kapulauan Malayu wan dipakai sabagai basa kadua ulih sakitar 220 juta urang.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Bentuk basa Malayu nang paling tuha baasal matan basa Proto-Malayo-Polinesia nang dituturakan ulih panduduk Austronesia nang paling awal di Asia Tanggara. Bantuk ngini kamudian bakambang manjadi Malayu Lawas pas budaya wan agama India mulai manambus wilayah ngitu. Basa Malayu Kuno baisi babarapa istilah sampai wahini, tapi tatap kada kawa dipahami ulih pamandir mudirin, samantara basa mudirin sudah banyak ta'akui dalam tulisan Malayu Klasik, nang bantuknya paling tuha ba'asal matan tahun 1303 M.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Malayu bakambang manjadi Basa Malayu Klasik malalui panambahan kata-kata [[basa Arab|Arab]] wan [[basa Parsia|Parsia]] nang barandak pas Islam datang ka wilayah ngitu, wan baubah sacara signifikan dalam prosesnya. Awalnya, Malayu Klasik marupakan sakalompok dialek nang bamacam-macam, mancarminakan asal-usul karajaan-karajaan Malayu di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu dialek ngini, nang dikambangakan dalam tradisi sastra Kasultanan Malaka pas abad ka-15, akhirnya manjadi dominan. Era Malaka ditandai lawan parubahan basa Malayu manjadi basa Islam, nang mirip lawan [[basa Arab|bahasa Arab]], [[basa Parsia|Persia]], Urdu wan Swahili. Tulisan Arab nang diadaptasi disambat Jawi dipakai gasan manggantiakan tulisan Kawi, istilah-istilah agama wan budaya Islam banyak disamakan, manyingkirakan banyak kata-kata Hindu-Buddha, wan basa Malayu jadi basa media pandidikan wan panyabaran Islam di saluruh wilayah Asia Tenggara. Di puncak kakuasaan Malaka pada abad ka-15, basa Malayu Klasik manyabar diluar dunia panutur<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> basa Malayu tradisiunal wan manyabapakan sabuah lingua franca nang disambat ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Basa Malayu Bazaar") atawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Basa Malayu Randah") sabagai balawanan ''Bahasa Melayu tinggi'' ("Basa Malayu Tinggi") di Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Umumnya diyakini bahwa Basa Malayu Bazaar marupakan basa pidgin wan pangambangan nang paling panting adalah bahwa bahasa pidgin manjadi kreol, manciptakan babarapa basa hanyar nang kaya Basa Malayu Ambon, Basa Malayu Manado wan [[Basa Betawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Panulis-panulis Irupa abad ka-17 wan ka-18, nang kaya Tavernier, Thomassin wan Werndly manggambarakan Basa Malayu sabagai "''basa urang-urang nang balajar di sabarataan India, nang kaya basa Latin di Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Basa ngini jua nang paling banyak diguna'akan salawas era kolonial Inggris wan Walanda di Kapulauan Malayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kabalikannya tajadi di Hindia Timur Spanyol, di mana Latinisasi massal kapulauan sapanjang tahun-tahun kolonial manyababakan coup de grâce basa Malayu di [[Pilipina]]. Dialek Kasultanan Johor, panerus langsung matan Malaka, manjadi basa standar di kalangan urang Malayu di [[Singapura]] wan [[Malaysia]], wan marupakan dasar asli gasan [[basa Indunisia]] standar.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Salain matan basa Malayu standar, nang dikambangakan di dalam lingkup Malaka-Johor, bamacam dialek Malayu lokal ada. Misalnya, urang Bangka, urang Brunai, urang Jambi, urang [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], urang [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], urang [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]], urang [[basa Palimbang|Palimbang]], urang Pattani, urang [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]], urang [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]], wan banyak lainnya. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis dalam aksara Pallawa, Kawi wan Rencong. Imbah datangnya Islam, [[tulisan Jawi]] nang badasarkan basa Arab diadopsi wan masih diguna'akan sampai wahini sabagai salah satu dari dua aksara rasmi di [[Brunai]] wan sabagai aksara alternatif di [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Uktubir 2012 }}</ref> Mulai abad ka-17, sabagai hasil kolonisasi Inggris wan Walanda, aksara Jawi sacara batahap digantikan ulih tulisan Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=7 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> nang badasarkan Latin nang akhirnya manjadi tulisan moderen rasmi gasan basa Malayu di [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], wan [[Indunisia]], wan tulisan ko-resmi di [[Brunai]]. === Festival wan parayaan === [[Barakas:Majlis Tujuh Likor Pasang Pelita.jpg|thumb|Barisan Pelita (lampu minyak) nang dinyalakan pas ''Malam Tujuh Likur'' (malam ka-27 Ramadhan), lampu minyak rancak dipakai gasan manarangi rumah wan jalan-jalan pas bulan Ramadhan. Di sini, di Muar, [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]], Malaysia.]] Kambang biaknya [[Islam]] bahasil maubah identitas urang Malayu pas abad ka-15. Jadi, kabanyakan festival wan parayaan urang Malayu bajalan barengan lawan [[almanak Hijriah|kalender Islam]], tapi tatap kuat banar [[Malayisasi|nuansa khas Malayu]]nya. Pariayaan Hari Raya (harfiahnya "Hari Ganal") dua kali satahun, [[Aidilfitri]] wan [[Aidiladha]], disambut sabagai pariayaan ganal di saluruh komunitas Malayu. Dua hari raya ngini panting gasan mamparingati dua kajadian ganal wan filsafat dalam ajaran wan kayakinan [[Islam]]. Nang pamulaan manyimbuulkan kamanangan sabagai urang [[Muslim]] imbah sabulan [[saum|bapuasa/saum]] wan sabar di bulan [[Ramadan]], sadangkan nang kadua manyimbuulkan pangurbanan nang dilakuakan ulih Nabi Ibrahim (Abraham) atas nama [[Allah]]. Libur ''Raya'' biasanya dimulai pas acara pulang kampung nang disambat Balik Kampung atawa ''Balik Raya'' nang tajadi babarapa hari sabalum hari raya. Pas Hari Raya, urang Malayu marayaakan lawan manggawi salat Hari Raya, maadakan pista ganal, wan basilaturahmi lawan kawan, kaluarga, wan tatangga. Mambari salam jua penting, sabagai tanda hormat, kasih sayang wan parhatian. [[Barakas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Plechtigheden bij de kroning van de Sultan van Deli in 1925 op de troon de sultan en zijn echtgenote met aan weerszijden de rijkssieraden TMnr 10001572.jpg|thumb|Upacara panobatan antara Tengku Otteman, sabagai ''Tengku Mahkota'' (Pangeran Mahkota) Kasultanan Deli, Hindia Walanda; lawan bininya, Raja Amnah, anggota Kaluarga Karajaan Pirak sabagai ''Tengku Puan Indera'' pas tahun 1925]] Upacara-upacara liturgi wan agama lain nang diparingati ulih urang Malayu tamasuk [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]], sabulan suci nang diparingati lawan [[puasa]] di siang hari wan macam-macam kagiatan kaagamaan; [[Mulut (parayaan)|Maulidur Rasul]], arak-arakan ganal husus gasan mamparingati hari lahir Nabi [[Muhammad]]; [[Asura|Asyura]], paringatan [[Muharram]] di mana urang Malayu sacara khusyuk manyadiakan makanan husus, nang disambat ''Bubur Asyura''; Nisfu Sya'ban, paringatan Tangah [[Sakban]], hari puasa husus gasan pamintaan ampun; [[Nuzululquran|Nuzul Quran]], wahyu pamulaan [[Al-Qur'an]]; [[Isra Mikraj|Israk dan Mikraj]], naiknya Nabi Muhammad ka langit wan Awal Muharram, [[Tahun puga Islam|Tahun Baru Islam]]; talu parayaan tarakhir rancak diparingati lawan malakukan salat ''sunat'' husus, ceramah kaagamaan wan diskusi Islam di [[masigit]]. Ada jua banyak banar festival budaya dairah nang ada di dalam nagari wan acara-acara sosial di babagai kalangan masyarakat Malayu. Kawasan pasisir bahari dikenal mamparingati upacara ''Mandi Safar'' atawa ''Puja Pantai'', sabuting mandi pambarasihan pas [[almanak Hijriah|bulan Islam]] [[Safar]], nang asal mulanya ditiru matan ritual pambarasihan suci Malayu pra-Islam kuno, mirip lawan tradisi Belimau sabalum Ramadan; wan ''Pesta Menuai'', sabuting festival panen nang dirayakan ulih komunitas Malayu padalaman wan agraris lawan permainan tradisiunal, teater, Joget, wan repertoar tarian-drama lainnya. Tapi, kadua kabiasaan ngitu balahan-balahan mulai kada ada lagi marga adanya babagai parubahan sosial wan ikunumi nang diulah di masyarakat Malayu pas abad ka-20. Selain itu, banyak urang Malayu jua dikanal kawa maumpati upacara karajaan gasan mahurmati istana karajaan masing-masing. Ciri-ciri Islam jua banyak manandai parayaan-parayaan urang Malayu di tingkat individu, sabuah gabungan nang takait lawan upacara transisi spiritual sabagai urang Muslim. Urang Malayu biasanya maulah ''kenduri'', hajat keagamaan gasan marayai atawa maminta barakat gasan sabuah kajadian. Ada babarapa variasi filsafat kenduri, mulai matan ''Doa Selamat'' (maminta karidhaan wan parlindungan Ilahi), ''Kesyukuran'' (gasan manyampaikan rasa sukur wan tarima kasih), ''Melenggang Perut'' (upacara pijat gasan ibu nang bahamil anak partama), ''Aqiqah'' wan ''Cukur Jambul'' (upacara gasan bayi nang baru lahir, gasan marayai kahidupan hanyar), ''Bertindik'' (upacara tindik partama gasan anak bibinian), ''Khatam'' (upacara wisuda, imbah anak mamaca [[Al-Qur'an]] samunyaan gasan partama kalinya), ''Khatan'' (sunat), ''Kahwin'' (pabainan), ''Arwah'' atawa ''Tahlil'' (doa gasan urang nang sudah maninggal), wan lain-lainnya. Acara ngini biasanya diatur ulih kaluarga wan sacara tradisional dibantu ulih masarakat dalam sabuah acara basamuai nang disambat ''Rewang'' atawa ''Gotong-royong''. Salawas upacara ngini, sakulawarga ditulungi ulih tatangga wan kaluarga, nang manaiki tugas nang bamacam-macam, mulai matan manyadiakan makanan, mangatur tampat acara, manyiapakan logistik, wan pangawasan teknis lainnya. Tapi, imbah urbanisasi makin rancak di masyarakat Malayu modern, kabiasaan ''Rewang/Gotong-Royong'' paralahan-lalahan diganti lawan jasa katering nang disewa ulih kaluarga. === Musik === {{Main|Musik Malayu}} [[Musik Malayu]] adalah sabuting janis musik tradisional nang barasal wan bakambang di pasisir timur [[Sumatera]], [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]], wan Samananjung Malaya.<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> Musik ngini biasanya dinyanyikan ulih urang-urang matan suku bangsa Malayu nang kada jarang diumpati jua lawan tarian khas Malayu satampat misalnya tarian parsembahan dalam pajuangan atawa pesta adat, panambaian tamu kahormatan, wan dalam kagiatan kaagamaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Sairing lawan pakambangan zaman musik Malayu mangalami kabingungan gaya musik misalnya saja mangalami paduan lawan aliran [[musik pop]], [[musik rock]], wan [[dangdut]]. Aliran ngini kawa ditamui di nagara-nagara kaya Malayu, nang kaya [[Indunisia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], wan [[Brunai]]. Pada pamulaan parkambangan alat musik nang digunaakan labih didominasi ulih tingkatan rebana nang disambat Kompang matan Ponorogo, petikan gambus, gesekan biola, picitan akordion, tingkatan [[kanung|gong/kanung]], wan tiupan [[sarunai]]. Hal ngini dipangaruh ulih budaya matan tanah [[urang Arab|Arab]] dan [[Irupa]] tradisional. Sairing bakambangnya teknologi, bubuhannya digantiakan lawan alat musik elektronik dalam bantuk keyboard. Dalam kiprahnya aliran ngini sampat populer di era '80an bahkan mamasuki era "puncak kahangatan" di era '90an. Hal ngini ditandai lawan makin banyaknya [[panyanyi]] & grup band Malayu, wan pandatang hanyar nang muncul lawan lagu-lagu andalan masing-masing. === Pakaian tradisiunal === [[Barakas:Busana Melayu.jpg|thumb|Urang Malayu dalam ''busana Melayu'', gaya pakaian tradisiunal Malayu]] Pakaian wan tekstil tradisiunal Malayu tarus-tarus barubah matan zaman kuno. Sacara historis, urang Malayu kuno dicatat mamakai bamacam bahan alami sabagai sumber penting gasan kain, pakaian wan pakaian. Namun, era umum, manyaksiakan kadatangan awal para padagang matan timur wan barat ka palabuhan Kapulauan Malayu, basama-sama buhannya manukar barang-barang mewah baru, tamasuk kapas halus wan sutra. Pakaian ngitu kamudian manjadi sumber mode Malayu tinggi wan mandapatakan peran budaya sabagai identitas nang maikat di kapulauan, tarutama di samananjung, [[Sumatera]] wan wilayah pasisir [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]].{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Dalam budaya Malayu, pakaian wan tekstil dihormati sabagai simbul kaindahan, kakuatan wan status. Banyak kisah dalam hikayat Malayu manakanakan wadah khusus nang ditampati ulih tekstil.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=2}} Industri paulahan tangan Malayu kawa diitihi asalnya sajak abad ka-13 pas jalur pardagangan timur bakambang di bawah dinasti Song. Pambahasan tentang tekstil nang diulah sacara lokal wan jua dominasi panen di Samananjung Malaya diulah dalam babarapa akun Cina wan Arab.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=19}} Di antara tekstil Malayu nang takanal adalah Songket, Batik, ''Telepok'', ''Limar'', ''Tenun'', ''Kelingkam'', ''Cindai'', ''Pelangi'' wan ''Tekad''. Pakaian Malayu Klasik bamacam-macam di antara wilayah nang balainan, tagal pakaian tradisional nang paling dalam di zaman modern adalah Baju Kurung (gasan [[bibinian]]) wan Baju Melayu (gasan [[lalakian]]), nang kaduanya diakui sabagai pakaian nasional gasan [[Malaysia]] wan [[Brunai]], wan jua dipakai ulih komunitas Malayu di [[Indunisia]], [[Singapura]], [[Pilipina]], Myanmar, wan [[Thailand]]. [[Barakas:HariRayaMalaykids.jpg|thumb|left|Anak-anak Malayu mamakai pakaian tradisiunal wayah [[Hari Raya Pitrah|Idul Fitri]]]] Kata ''Baju Kurung'', nang diartiakan sabagai "mambungkus awak" urang nang mamakainya diulah badasarkan prinsip Islam tentang kasadarhanaan, kasupanan wan karandahan hati. Praktik ngini paralil lawan doktrin agama Yahudi-Karistin, karana mamamirkan bagian-bagian intim tubuh dianggap dilarang dalam [[Islam]]. Interpretasi ngitu lalu ditarik ka cara Malayu mamakai pakaian wan perspektif budaya, ngini kawa disaksikan banar pada pamarintahan Mansur Shah matan Malaka pada abad ka-15, sultan malarang umatnya nang binian Muslim di publik gasan mamakai sarung haja matan dada ka bawah. Sapanjang zaman, Malayu Baju Kurung bajalan malalui babarapa reinkarnasi sabalum mangambil bantuk nang wahini. Marga luasnya bamacam karajaan Malayu di kapulauan, bantuk lokal wan tapisah matan pola desain Baju Kurung jua kawa disaksikan di wilayah ngitu, tamasuk Bengkulu, [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], Jambi, Juhur-Riau, [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] wan Palimbang.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Modus nang sasuai matan Baju Kurung gasan laki-laki dipinandui sabagai "Baju Melayu". Bagian atas pakaian diulah lawan desain geometris nang hampir sama lawan Baju Kurung wan biasanya dipasangkan lawan kain anyaman nang dipinandui sabagai sarong. Pola [[tapih|sarong]] mungkin tamasuk simbol status pakawinan urang atawa pangkatnya dalam masyarakat Malayu tradisiunal.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Pakaian Malayu klasik umum lainnya gasan lalakian tadiri matan ''baju'' atawa ''tekua'' (sabuting janis baju lengan panjang), ''baju rompi'' (jaket), ''kancing'' (buting), ''celana'' kaki halus (seluar/[[salawar|salawar panjang]]), [[tapih|sarong/tapih]] nang dipakai di pinggang, ''capal'' (sandal), wan ''tanjak'' atawa ''tengkolok'' (alat panutup kapala); gasan bangsawan, ''baju sikap'' atawa ''baju layang'' (sabuting jenis mantel) wan ''pending'' (tali pinggang hiasan) jua identik gasan dipakai sabagai pakaian formal. Rancak jua gasan saurang ''pendekar'' (prajurit Malayu) gasan mamakai [[Karis]] di bagian muka sarong. Babeda lawan Baju Melayu nang tarus dipakai sabagai pakaian upacara haja, Baju Kurung dipakai saban hari sapanjang tahun ulih kabanyakan bibinian Malayu. Pamandangan pagawai sipil binian, pagawai profesional wan mahasiswa nang mamakai Baju Kurung rancak ditamui di [[Malaysia]] wan [[Brunai]]. === Pamainan tradisiunal === [[Barakas:Finished wau and wau frame.JPG|thumb|right|Sabuah bengkel tukang Wau di [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], [[Malaysia]]. Janis layang-layang nang unik ngini kawa ditamui di pasisir timur laut Samananjung Malaya.]] Pamainan tradisiunal Malayu biasanya mamarluakan kaahlian karajinan wan katangkasan tangan wan kawa ditelusuri asal-usulnya sajak zaman Kasultanan Malaka. ''Sepak Raga'' wan pamainan [[kelayangan]] marupakan salah satu permainan tradisiunal nang disambat dalam Sajarah Malayu nang dimainakan ulih bangsawan wan bangsawan matan kasultanan Malayu.{{sfn|Leyden|1821|p=261}}{{sfn|Lockard|2009|p=48}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=1357}} ''Sepak Raga'' adalah salah sabuting pamainan Malayu nang paling populer wan sudah dimainkan baabad-abad. Sacara tradisional, raga Sepak dimainakan dalam lingkaran lawan manendang wan manjagakan bola rotan di atas mangguna'akan apa haja bagian awak salain tangan wan tangan. Inya wayah diakui sabagai olahraga nasional [[Malaysia]] wan dimainkan dalam acara ulahraga{{sfn|Ziegler|1972|p=41}}{{sfn|McNair|2002|p=104}} internasional nangkaya Asian Games wan Southeast Asian Games. Pamainan populer lainnya adalah pambuatan ''Gasing'' nang biasanya dimainakan imbah musim [[katam]]. Katarampilan pangarjaan nang hebat diparluakan gasan manghasilakan ''Gasing'' (atas) nang paling kompetitif, babarapa di antaranya baputar salama dua jam satiap kali.<ref name="Alexander 2006 51">{{harvnb|Alexander|2006|p=51}}</ref> Mungkin pamainan Malayu nang paling populer adalah ''Wau'' (janis layang-layang unik matan pantai timur Samananjung Malayu) atawa layang-layang nang terbang. Parsaingan palayaran Wau diadaakan lawan juri nang mambariakan poin gasan karajinan (''Wau'' adalah objek nang indah wan bawarna-warni nang diandak di atas bingkai bambu), suara (barataan layang-layang Malayu didesain gasan maulah suara tatantu pas digusur angin) wan katinggian.<ref name="Alexander 2006 51"/> Urang Malayu jua baisi varian matan pamainan papan Mancala nang dikanal sabagai [[Daku|Congkak]]. Pamainan ngini dimainkan lawan mamindahkan batu, marmer, manik atawa cangkang di sakitar papan kayu nang tadiri matan dua walas atawa labih lubang. Mancala diakui sabagai pamainan tartua di dunia wan bisa ditelusuri asalnya sajak Mesir Kuno. Sairing bamainan tasabar di saluruh dunia, satiap kabudayaan ma'ulah parbidaan saurang tamasuk urang Malayu.{{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=52}} === Pangolahan logam === [[Barakas:Bunga Mas (Muzium Negara).jpg|thumb|Bunga Mas, Museum Nasional Malaysia. ''Bunga Mas'' ditawarakan ulih nagara-nagara Malayu utara [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]], [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], Pattani, Nong Chik, Yala, Rangae, Kubang Pasu wan Setul kepada Raja Ayutthaya (Siam) sabagai simbul kasatiaan.]] Pada awal abad ke-17, emas, [[pirak]], besi wan kuningan samuanya sudah diulah dangan sampurna jadi bagian matan masyarakat Malayu. Era ngini manyaksiakan karya-karya logam manarima dukungan karajaan nang kritis. Banyak banar pangolahan logam Malayu nang muncul sabagai bukti era ngini, mulai matan belati khas Malayu nang dikiau [[Karis]] nang diulah matan [[wasi]], sampai ka perhiasan halus nang diulah matan [[amas]] wan perak. Bagi bangsawan Malayu pada periode ngini, karya-karya gantung (pangikat sabuk hias nang dihiasi lawan batu-batu mulia), ''keronsang'' (bros) wan ''cucuk sanggul'' (pin rambut) ditampilakan untuk manjadi salah sabuting barang mode nang paling dicari. Era ngini jua manjadi wadah gasan babarapa barang-barang penting lainnya dalam regalia Malayu nang dibuang dalam amas, tamasuk kotak upacara, ''Tepak sirih'' (wadah Betel) wan bagian-bagian Keris. Sani mengolah emas didominasi ulih repoussé wan teknik granulasi, di mana metode tradisional masih kawa disaksikan hari ini. Di era kontemporer, parhiasan amas Malayu tarutama ditamui dalam bantuk kalung kaki, gelang, cincin, kalung, liontin wan anting-anting.<ref name="Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass 2011">{{cite web |title= Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass |website= Go2Travelmalaysia.com |url= http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/gold_silv.htm |access-date= 25 Uktubir 2026 |archive-date= 19 Mai 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180519135144/http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/gold_silv.htm |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Karyaneka 2013">{{cite web |last=Karyaneka |title=Metal Work |publisher=Syarikat Pemasaran Karyaneka Sdn. Bhd. |url= http://www.karyaneka.com.my/english/tablet/metal-work.html |access-date=25 Uktubir 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180324135832/http://www.karyaneka.com.my/english/tablet/metal-work.html |archive-date=24 Marit 2018 }}</ref> Dalam hal barang-barang pirak Malayu, barang-barang matan perak cukup dipinandui gasan desain nang canggih wan halus. Biasanya diulah lawan teknik repousse, filigree, wan niello. Barang-barang tradisiunal Malayu nang umum biasanya diulah matan pirak tamasuk ujung bantal, tali sabuk, sudut-sudut matt, stopper gasan wadah banyu, sarung Karis wan kotak-kotak tembakau. ''Awan Larat'' (pola awan) wan ''Kerawang'' (motif tumbuhan) adalah di antara desain nang populer gasan ujung bantal pirak dekoratif Malayu wan kotak tambakau.<ref name="Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass 2011"/> Panggunaan barang-barang matan kuningan malabihi banyak kelas sosial Malayu klasik, nang dipakai ulih anggota bangsawan wan urang awam. Popularitas barang-barang matan kuningan sangat banyak dikontribusi karana daya tahan, kualitas wan kamampuan nang mampu dimiliki ulih samua urang. Barang-barang kuningan kawa dibagi jadi dua parbidaan, kuningan kuning gasan barang-barang fungsional wan putih gasan tujuan dekoratif. Ngitu rancak dipanculit wan dihiasi lawan bamacam-macam desain hiasan dalam motif kaagamaan wan bunga. Pamakaian kuningan, nang paling dipinandui gasan Tepak Sireh, wadah upacara gasan betel quid wan gasan mambangun alat musik tatantu kaya [[Kanung]] gasan orkestra [[Gamalan]] Malayu klasik. Salain itu, barang-barang tradisiunal Malayu nang tarkanal lainnya nang diulah matan lugam tamasuk vas bunga, taburan minyak wangi, baki, panci, ketel, wan wadah mambakar dupa.<ref name="Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass 2011"/><ref name="Karyaneka 2013"/> === Sastra === [[Barakas:Hkyt merong mahawgsa.jpg|thumb|Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa dalam [[tulisan Jawi|teks Jawi]]. Dikanal jua sabagai Sajarah Kadah, ngini adalah sastra Malayu kuno nang mancatat silsilah Merong Mahawangsa wan pandirian Kadah.]] {{Main|Sastra Malayu}} Sastra lisan wan [[sastra]] klasik urang Malayu baandak banyak gambaran tentang urang-urang, matan zaman kuno sampai zaman modern.{{sfn|Littrup|1996|p=192}} Di antara bantuk-bantuk puisi dalam sastra Malayu adalah – Pantun, Syair, wan Gurindam. Bantuk sastra Malayu nang paling awal adalah sastra lisan wan tema utamanya adalah carita rakyat tradisiunal nang barhubungan lawan alam, binatang, wan manusia. Kisah rakyat Malayu klasik tadiri matan lagu wan musik tradisional, puisi heroik, dongeng binatang, kisah hantu, kajadian bahari, dunging, kisah simbolis, mitos, wan kisah bardik. Satiap carita baisi energi sorang dalam hal watak, sumanget, latar belakang, wan cara bacarita, wan kabanyakan digawi lawan tujuan gasan mambari kabahagiaan, bimbingan, pangajaran, pangangan, panjalasan, wan lain-lainnya. Cerita rakyat dihafal wan diwarisakan matan sabuting generasi panyampai cerita ka generasi nang lain. Banyak jua matan kisah-kisah ngini nang ditulis ulih ''penglipur lara'' (panyambun kisah), misal: ''Hikayat Malim Dewa'', ''Hikayat Malim Deman'', ''Hikayat Raja Donan'', ''Hikayat Anggun Cik Tunggal'', wan ''Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda''. Pas pangaruh [[Hindia]] masuk ka Kapulauan Malayu sakitar 2.000 tahun nang lalu, [[sastra Malayu]] mulai manggabungakan unsur-unsur India. Sastra pas zaman ngini kabanyakan adalah tarjamahan [[sastra Sanskerta|sastra wan roman Sanskerta]], atawa paling kada babarapa karya nang diilhami ulih karya-karya ngitu, wan penuh lawan rujukan ka mitologi Hindu. Mungkin di awal-awal tu kawa ditelusuri karya-karya kaya ''Hikayat Seri Rama'' (tarjamahan bebas ''Ramayana''), ''Hikayat Bayan Budiman'' (adaptasi Śukasaptati) wan ''Hikayat Panca Tanderan'' (adaptasi ''Hitopadesha'').<ref name="popular science 1899">{{harvnb|Ford|1899|pp=379–381}}</ref> Jaman sastra Malayu klasik dimulai imbah kadatangan Islam wan panamuan [[tulisan Jawi]] (tulisan Malayu nang babasis tulisan Arab). Imbah ngitu, kayakinan wan konsep Islam mulai mambari pangaruh pada sastra Malayu. Batu Surat Tarangganu, nang batanggal 1303, adalah tulisan Malayu naratif nang paling tuha nang dikatahui. Batu ngini baisi tulisan nang manjalasakan sajarah, hukum, wan kisah cinta dalam tulisan Jawi.<ref name="Marshall Cavendish 2007 1218">{{harvnb|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1218}}</ref> Pas puncak kajayaannya, Kasultanan Malaka kada haja jadi pusat Islamisasi, tapi jua jadi pusat ekspresi budaya Malayu, tamasuk sastra. Salawas masa ngini, karya sastra Timur Tangah nang terkenal ditarjamahkan wan buku-buku agama ditulis dalam [[bahasa Malayu]]. Di antara karya-karya terkenal nang sudah diartiakan adalah ''Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah'' wan ''Hikayat Amir Hamzah''. Kamajuan sastra Malayu pas periode ngini jua ditulisi ulih karya sastra lokal lainnya nang dibari warna ulih [[Sufi|tasawuf]] mistis Timur Tengah, karya-karya terkenal Hamzah Fansuri kaya ''Asrar al-Arifin'' (''Rahsia Orang yang Bijaksana''; Rahasia Orang Bijak), ''Sharab al-Asyikin'' (''Minuman Segala Orang yang Berahi''; Minuman Semua Orang Bersemangat) wan ''Zinat al-Muwahidin'' (''Perhiasan Sekalian Orang yang Mengesakan''; Perhiasan Semua Orang Berbakti) kawa dianggap sabagai magnum opus era ngitu. [[Barakas:Wayang Kulit Kelantan-Patani.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Wayang Kulit gaya Kalantan-Patani (Pamainan bayangan) nang mancurit'akan kisah kapahlawanan Hikayat Seri Rama]] Karya sastra Malayu nang paling panting mungkin Sajarah Malayu atawa Sulalatus Salatin. Karya ngini disambat "karya sastra Malayu nang paling takanal, paling unik, wan nang paling rancak" ulih salah saurang ahli nang paling takanal dalam studi Malayu, Sir Richard O. Winstedt.{{sfn|Boyd|1999|p=756}} Tanggal pasti panyusunannya wan identitas panulis aslinya kada pasti, tapi manurut parintah Sultan Alauddin Riaayat Shah III matan Johor pas tahun 1612, Tun Sri Lanang mangawasi proses panyuntingan wan panyusunan Sajarah Malayu.{{sfn|Jaaffar|Hussain|Ahmad|1992|p=260}} Pas abad ka-19, sastra Malayu mandapat babarapa tambahan nang penting, tamasuk ''Kitab Ilmu Bedil'' (Buku Senjata Tradisional) nang manyadiakan rincian nang baharga tentang amunisi wan sanjata tradisiunal Malayu. Jaman ngini jua menyaksikan pamakaian jurnal kedokteran Malayu nang labih luas, nang disambat ''Kitab Tib''. Karya-karya nginih sabujurnya panting banar karana jadi rujukan gasan pangatahuan wan teknologi Malayu pas zaman klasik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kitab Ilmu Bedil – Book of Malay Traditional Weaponry (2016) |date=10 Juli 2016 |website=The Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific |url=http://www.mowcapunesco.org/register/kitab-ilmu-bedil-ms-101-or-book-of-malay-traditional-weaponry-2016/ |access-date=3 Nupimbir 2026 |archive-date=3 Disimbir 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224429/http://www.mowcapunesco.org/register/kitab-ilmu-bedil-ms-101-or-book-of-malay-traditional-weaponry-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Teks-teks Malayu abad ka-19 nang lain ditulis di Sumatra, ngini tamasuk ''Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa'' (Buku Pengetahuan Bahasa) ulih Raja Ali Haji wan ''Perhimpunan Gunawan bagi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan'' (Kumpulan Jampi gasan Laki-Laki wan Bini) ulih Khatijah Terung, bini Raja Haji Abdullah bin Raja Hassan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musa |first=Mohd Faizal |date=2021 |title=Transcripts of Gender, Intimacy, and Islam in Southeast Asia: The "Outrageous" Texts of Raja Ali Haji and Khatijah Terung |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=219 |doi=10.3390/rel12030219 |issn=2077-1444|doi-access=free }}</ref> Abad nang sama jua menyaksikan parubahan ganal dalam [[Sastra Melayu|sastra Malayu]] liwat tulisan [[Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir]], sabuting munshi nang lahir di [[Kuta Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]] nang takanal di [[Singapura]].<ref name="popular science 1899" /> Abdullah dianggap sabagai urang Malayu nang paling berbudaya nang pernah manulis,<ref name="popular science 1899" /> salah saurang panamu ganal<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/> di sastra Malayu wan bapak sastra Malayu mudirn.<ref name="Marshall Cavendish 2007 1218"/> Karya-karya paling penting sidin adalah ''Hikayat Abdullah'' (sabuting autobiografi), ''Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan'' (sabuting catatan perjalanan sidin gasan pamarintah ka [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]]), wan ''Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah'' (sabuting narasi [[haji]] sidin ka Mekah tahun 1854). Karya sidin jadi inspirasi gasan generasi panulis di masa depan wan jadi tanda awal parubahan matan sastra Malayu klasik ka sastra Malayu mudirin.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/> === Seni bela diri === [[Barakas:Singaporean female pesilat - 20080222.jpg|thumb|Saurang praktisi silat binian matan [[Singapura]]]] Silat wan varian-variannya kawa ditamui di sabarataan [[dunia Malayu]]: Samananjung Malayu (tamasuk [[Singapura]]), Kapulauan Riau, [[Sumatera]] wan wilayah pasisir [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]]. Bukti arkeologis manunjuakan bahwa, pas abad ka-6, seni pajuangan nang diformalkan sudah dipraktikakan di Samananjung Malaya wan Sumatera.{{sfn|James|1994|p=73}} Bantuk-bantuk awal Silat diyakini sudah dikambangakan wan digunaakan dalam angkatan basanjata karajaan Malayu kuno di Langkasuka (abad ka-2){{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=225}}{{sfn|Abd. Rahman Ismail|2008|p=188}} wan [[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] (abad ka-7). Pangaruh matan kasultanan Malayu di [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]], [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]], Pattani wan [[Brunai]] sudah mambari kontribusi gasan panyebaran seni bela diri ngini di Kapulauan Malayu. Malalui labirin kanal laut nang rumit wan kapiler sungai nang mamfasilitasi partukaran wan padagangan di saluruh wilayah, Silat manjalani jalannya ka hutan hujan nang padat wan ka pagunungan. Lagenda Laksamana Hang Tuah matan Malaka adalah salah sabuting ''pesilat'' paling tarkenal dalam sajarah{{sfn|Green|2001|p=802}} wan bahkan dianggap ulih babarapa urang sabagai bapak silat Malayu.{{sfn|Sheikh Shamsuddin|2005|p=195}} Sajak era klasik, Silat Malayu manjalani diversifikasi nang ganal wan mambantuk apa nang wahini sacara tradisiunal diakui sabagai sumber Pencak Silat Indunisia wan bantuk-bantuk Silat lainnya di Asia Tunggara.{{sfn|Draeger|1992|p=23}}{{sfn|Farrer|2009|p=28}} Salain Silat, Tomoi jua dipraktikakan ulih urang Malayu, tarutama di wilayah utara Samananjung Malaya. Ngini adalah varian matan bantuk kickboxing Indo-Cina nang diyakini telah manyebar di daratan Asia Tunggara sajak zaman Kakaisaran Funan (68 M). === Seni pamentasan === [[Barakas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pamentasan Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Urang Malayu baisi bamacam-macam [[musik]] wan [[igal]] nang marupakan gabungan matan pangaruh budaya nang balainan. Genre nang khas mulai matan tarian rakyat tradisional Malayu nang kaya drama Mak Yong sampai tarian Zapin nang bapangaruh Arab. Gerakan koreografi jua bamacam-macam mulai matan langkah-langkah wan lagu-lagu sederhana di Dikir barat sampai gerakan nang rumit di Joget [[Gamalan|Gamelan]]. Musik tradisional Malayu pada dasarnya marupakan musik perkusi. Macam-macam [[kanung]] manyadiakan irama gasan banyak tarian. Ada jua drum bamacam-macam ukuran, mulai matan ''rebana ubi'' ganal nang dipakai gasan menandai acara-acara penting sampai ''gendang-rebana'' kecil (frame drum) nang dipakai gasan mengiringi bacaan vokal dalam upacara kaagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barakas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sabuting bubuhan dari penari Malayu Siam nang manampailakan Mak Yong (sakitar abad ka-19). Pada tahun 2005, buku ngini mandapat pangakuan sabagai salah satu karya agung warisan lisan wan nang kada talihat umat manusia ulih [[Pahimpunan Pandidikan, Kailmuan, wan Kabudayaan Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNESCO]].]] Musik Nobat manjadi bagian matan Royal Regalia dari pangadilan Malayu sajak datangnya Islam pada abad ka-12 wan hanya dimainkan dalam upacara pangadilan nang penting. Orkestrenya tamasuk instrumen sakral wan nang dihormati banar nang kaya ''nehara'' (drum ketel), ''[[babun]]'' (drum kepala ganda), ''nafiri'' (trumpet), ''[[sarunai]]'' (oboe), wan kadang-kadang gong berkunci wan sapasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pangaruh India kuat dalam pamainan bayangan tradisional nang dipinandui sabagai Wayang Kulit nang mana kisah-kisah matan epik Hindu; Ramayana & Mahabharata mambantuk repertoar utama. Ada ampat macam teater wayang bayangan nang kawa ditamui di Samananjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' wan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Tatapi, seni wan kisah-kisah ''Wayang Purwa'' wan ''Wayang Siam'' manunjukakan pangaruh wilayah nang bagabung lawan basa Jawa wan Siam masing-masing, samantara ''Wayang Melayu'' wan ''Wayang Gedek'' mancaritakan bentuk wan gaya Malayu nang labih asli. Kesenian-kesenian pamentasan Malayu nang terkenal lainnya adalah; teater ''Bangsawan'', balada cinta ''Dondang Sayang'' wan tari ''Mak Inang'' matan Kasultanan Malaka, teater ''Jikey'' wan ''Mek Mulung'' matan [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]], tari ''Asyik'' wan drama tari ''Menora'' matan Patani wan [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], tari ''Ulek mayang'' wan ''Rodat'' matan [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]], teater ''Boria'' matan Penang, tari ''Canggung'' matan [[Pirlis, Malaysia|Pirlis]], lagu-lagu naratif ''Mukun'' matan [[Brunai]] wan [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> Gending Sriwijaya matan Palembang, tari Serampang Dua Belas matan Serdang,<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api tarian api matan [[Riau]] wan Dikir barat Singapura matan [[Singapura]]. === Seni visual === [[Barakas:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, burung mitos raksasa nang diulah gasan parada sunat agung pangeran [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]]]] Ukiran kayu marupakan bagian matan seni visual Malayu klasik. Urang Malayu sacara tradisional manghias monumen, parahu, sanjata, makam, instrumen musik, wan pakakasnya lawan motif flora, kaligrafi, geometri, wan fitur kosmik. Seni ngini diulah lawan cara mahapus kayu lawan mamakai alat-alat nang tajam wan maumpati pola, komposisi wan urutan tartentu. Bentuk [[sani]], nang dipinandui sabagai ''ukir'', disambat sabagai tindakan pangabdian matan para pangrajin kepada pencipta wan hadiah gasan sasama manusia.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk kesenian ngini tarutama dikaranakan banyaknya kayu di Kapulauan Malayu wan jua karana kaahlian tukang-tukang kayu nang mamungkinakan urang-urang Malayu mapraktekkan ukiran kayu sabagai karajinan. Lingkungan tropis alami di mana flora wan fauna banyak nang mengilhami motif nang digambarakan dalam bentuk abstrak atawa distilasi ka dalam papan kayu. Dengan datangnya Islam, bentuk kaligrafi geometris wan Islam diparkanalakan dalam ukiran kayu. Kayu nang diguna'akan biasanya dari spesies kayu keras tropis nang diketahui tahan lama wan kawa tahan sarangan jamur, kumbang sapatu-sapatu listrik wan rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Rumah atawa [[masigit]] tradisional Malayu nang khas pasti dihiasi lawan labih matan 20 bagian nang diukir. Ukiran di dinding wan panel mamungkinakan angin masuk wan kaluar bangunan sacara efektif wan kawa mamungkinakan sinar matahari mancahaya bagian dalam struktur. Pada saat nang sama, bayangan nang dibuang ulih panel jua akan meulah bayangan badasarkan motif nang manambah kaindahan di lantai. Jadi, bagian-bagian nang diukir manjalankan tujuan fungsional wan estetika. === Tambikar === [[Barakas:Sayong.jpg|thumb|''Labu Sayong'' bawarna hitam, guci klasik Malayu matan Kuala Kangsar, [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]], [[Malaysia]]]] Dalam budaya Malayu, tembikar kada cuma dianggap sabagai parabot rumah tangga haja. Ini dianggap sabagai karya [[sani]], contoh talenta, nang dihiasi lawan kaindahan, warisan, katabahan, wan kabaktian ka agama. Tambikar tanah liat Malayu biasanya kada bapasir, lawan rancangan hiasannya diukir pas tambikarnya satangah kering pas proses pambuatannya.<ref name="Travel Malaysia 2012">{{cite web |title= Malaysian Handicraft – Pottery |website= Go2Travelmalaysia.com |url= http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/pottery.htm |access-date= 3 Nupimbir 2026 |archive-date= 21 Nupimbir 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171121031048/http://go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/pottery.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> Manurut babarapa panalitian,<ref name="Azmi Arifin 2015">{{harvnb|Azmi Arifin|2015}}</ref> industri parak Malayu asli bagambang sacara lokal matan zaman kuno nang ganal wan matan situ mancakup tingkatan kabudayaan nang tinggi. Jua sudah dicatat bahwa ciri-ciri desain tembikarnya Malayu manunjukakan kada adanya pangaruh asing sabalum abad ka-19, sabuah paradoks amun dipikirakan kontak budaya nang luas antara urang Malayu lawan dunia luar.<ref name="Azmi Arifin 2015"/> Di antara keramik tradisiunal Malayu nang terkenal ada ''Mambong'' matan [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], nang dibentuk dari tanah liat wan dikenal lawan warna terakota. Biasanya, bantuknya kayak alat masak. Di pasisir barat, ''Labu Sayong'' nang bawarna itam di Kuala Kangsar dihormati gasan guci nang babantuk labu. Ada jua babarapa varian ''Labu'', tamasuk ''Labu Tela'', ''Labu Kepala'', ''Labu Gelugor Tela'' wan ''Labu Gelugor Kepala''.<ref name="Travel Malaysia 2012"/> Bantuk-bantuk karamik tradisiunal Malayu nang lain adalah: ''Belanga'', biasanya baisi bibir nang lebar wan dasar nang bulik, parakian ngini biasanya dipakai gasan mamasak kari. Dianggap bahwa struktur tanahnya kawa manulung panas supaya rata tarusar, nang bakaitan lawan dasar bulatnya. Versi nang labih halus matan ''Belanga'' disambat ''periok'', dipakai gasan mamasak [[banih|nasi/banih]]; ''Buyong'', rancak dikiau baisi leher nang lurus wan badan nang babantuk bola, rancak dipakai gasan wadah banyu; ''Terenang'', ''Terenang'' nang babantuk persegi dipakai gasan wadah, hususnya di daerah Malayu pasisir [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]], Patani, wan [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]]; ''Bekas Bara'', wadah halus, biasanya diulah gasan dipakai gasan dupa; ''Jambangan'', vas tradisiunal Malayu, biasanya gasan tujuan estetika wan ''Geluk'', wadah banyu halus.{{sfn|Cikgu Paklong|2017}} == Kalompok-kalompok sub-etnis == {{see also|Urang Malayu Malaysia|Urang Malayu Indunisia|Urang Malayu Brunai|Urang Malayu Singapura}} [[Barakas:Indonesia Ethnic Groups Map - EN.svg|thumb|center|upright=3.0|Wilayah urang Malayu digambarakan dalam warna hijau wan kalompok-kalompok sub-etnis nang bahubungan lainnya digambarakan dalam warna hijau nang labih gelap atawa labih cerah.]] Walaupun mambantuk 3,4% matan jumlah panduduk, etnis Malayu marupakan salah sabuting etnis nang paling banyak didistribusikan di Indunisia. Kaya nang ditampaiakan di peta, di luar Kapulauan Indunisia, urang Malayu bagana di Samananjung Malayu, mambantuk kalompok etnis nang mandominasi di Samananjung Malaysia wan minoritas nang signifikan di [[Singapura]], [[Thailand]] wan Myanmar salatan. Koridor wilayah Malayu Borneo dimulai di utara matan barat daya [[Sabah, Malaysia|Sabah]], tarus lawan nagara [[Brunai|Brunai Darussalam]], [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]] pasisir wan tarus turun ka [[Pulau Kalimantan|Kalimantan]].{{lower |0.4em|{{sfn|Yunos|Begawan|2011}}}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Kalompok etnis ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Karajaan-karajaan sajarah ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Dairah lawan populasi nang signifikan |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Bangka wan Balitung | | * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bangka-Belitung.svg}} Kapulauan Bangka Belitung |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Bangkok{{sfn|Umaiyah Haji Omar|2003}}{{sfn|Umaiyah Haji Omar|2007}} | | * {{flagicon image|Seal Bangkok.png}} Min Buri, Nong Chok<br />{{flagicon image|Seal Pathum Thani.png}} Lam Luk Ka, Mueang Pathum<br />{{flagicon image|Seal Ayutthaya.png}} Prupinsi Ayutthaya |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Bangkulu | | * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bengkulu.svg}} Bengkulu |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Berau | * Kasultanan Berau (1377–1830) * Kasultanan Gunung Tabur (1810–1945) * Kasultanan Sambaliung (1810–1945) | * {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of Berau Regency.svg}} Kabupatin Berau |- valign="top" | Urang Bugis-Malayu<ref name="Karim">{{harvnb|Gulrose Karim|1990|p=74}}</ref><ref name="Joseph">{{harvnb|Joseph|Najmabadi|2006|p=436}}</ref>(kalompok Malayu nang basimilasi katurunan [[Bugis]]) | * Karajaan Mempawah (1740–1950)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://melayuonline.com/eng/history/dig/422/mempawah-sultanate |title=Mempawah Sultanate |website=Melaju Online |access-date=28 Uktubir 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160408190433/http://melayuonline.com/eng/history/dig/422/mempawah-sultanate |archive-date=8 April 2016 }}</ref> * Kasultanan Selangor (1745–wahini) * Kasultanan Riau-Lingga (1824–1911) | * {{Flag|Riau}},<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau * {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Burma | | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Tanintharyi Region (1974–2010).svg}} Divisi Tanintharyi |- valign="top" | [[Urang Malayu Brunai]]{{sfn|IBP|2007|pp=151–152}}<ref name="Colling">{{harvnb|Colling|1973|p=6804}}</ref><ref name="Aris">{{harvnb|Othman|1983|pp=1–26}}</ref><ref name="Husain">{{harvnb|Husain|2007|pp=16, 33, 34}}</ref> | * [[Kakaisaran Barunai]] (abad ka-7 sampai ka-15) * Kasultanan Brunai (1363–wahini) | * {{flag|Brunai}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of Labuan.svg}} Labuan,<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak.svg}} [[Sarawak]],<br>{{flag|Sabah}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Cocos | | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Christmas Island.svg}} Pulau Natal,<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Cocos (Keeling) * {{flag|Sabah}} |- valign="top" | [[Urang Malayu Jambi]] | * Karajaan Jambi (abad ka-7) * Dharmasraya (1183–1347) * Kasultanan Jambi (1460–1907) | * {{flag|Jambi}} |- valign="top" | Urang Jawa-Malayu<ref name="Karim" /><ref name="Joseph" /><br />(kalompok Malayu nang basimilasi katurunan [[urang Jawa|Jawa]]) | * Kasultanan Palimbang (1550–1823) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan,<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara * {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]] * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Juhur<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Kasultanan Johor (1528–wahini) * Kasultanan Muar (1855–1877) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Kadah<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" />{{sfn|Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah|1986|pp=19–69}} | * Paradaban Lambah Bujang (abad ka-1) * Langkasuka (abad ka-2–ka-14) * Karajaan Kadah (Kedah Tua) (abad ka-7t–ka-12) * Kasultanan Kadah (1136–wahini) * Kasultanan Setul (1808–1916){{sfn|Halimi|Pitchai|2016}} * Karajaan Kubang Pasu (1839–1864) * [[Pirlis, Malaysia|Karajaan Pirlis]] (1842–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Perlis.svg}} [[Pirlis, Malaysia|Pirlis]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg}} Pulau Pinang,<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]] * {{flagicon image|Seal Satun.png}} Satun,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Trang.png}} Trang,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Krabi.png}} Krabi |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Kalantan<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Karajaan Bumi Habang (abad ka-1–ka-6) * Kasultanan Kalantan (1267–wahini) * Kasultanan Jembal (1638–1720) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan.svg}} [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Narathiwat.svg}} Narathiwat * {{flagicon image|Flag of Besut, Terengganu.svg}} Besut ([[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]]) |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Lahat | | * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Loloan | | * {{flagicon image|Lambang Kab Jembrana.png}} Kabupatin Jembrana |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Malaka<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Kasultanan Malaka (1402–1511) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]] |- valign="top" | Urang Minangkabau-Malayu<ref name="Karim" /><ref name="Joseph" /><br />(''kalompok Malayu asimilasi katurunan Minangkabau'') | * Dharmasraya (1183–1347) * [[Kesultanan Siak]] (1725–1949) * Kapamimpinan Nagari Sambilan (1773–wahini) | * {{flag|Riau}},<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau * {{flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]],<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Sumatera Timur Laut | * Kasultanan Asahan (1630–1946) * Kasultanan Bilah (1630–1946) * Kasultanan Deli (1632–1946) * Kasultanan Langkat (1568–1946) * Kasultanan Serdang (1728–1946) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Pahang<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Karajaan Pahang Kuna (abad ka-5–1454) * Kasultanan Pahang Lawas (1470–1623) * Karajaan Pahang Modern (1770–1881) * Kasultanan Pahang Moderen (1881–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]] |- valign="top" | [[Urang Palimbang|Urang Malayu Palimbang]]<ref name="Konstruksi Hukum Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Berdasarkan Syar'iat Islam">{{Cite web|title=Konstruksi Hukum Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Berdasarkan Syar'iat Islam|language= id|date=Agustus 2019|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334990443}}</ref><ref name="Tradisi Ruwahan pada Masyarakat Melayu Palembang">{{Cite web|title=Tradisi Ruwahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Dalam Perspektif Fenomenologis|language= id|date=Disimbir 2022|url=https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/SosialBudaya/article/viewFile/19338/8602}}</ref><ref name="Akulturasi dalam Tradisi Kelahiran Orang Melayu Palembang">{{Cite web|title=Akulturasi dalam Tradisi Kelahiran Orang Melayu Palembang|language= id|date=Disimbir 2019|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/506596-none-eb4c4768.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Budaya Politik Aristokrat Melayu Abad ke XVIII – XIX M : Analisis Kontekstual Manuskrip Sejarah Palembang - Dr. Komaruddin, ed al. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Raden Fatah Palembang">{{Cite journal|title=Budaya Politik Aristokrat Melayu Abad ke XVIII – XIX M: Analisis Kontekstual Manuskrip Sejarah Palembang – Dr. Komaruddin, ed al. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Raden Fatah Palembang|journal= Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam|language= id|date=2022|volume= 18|issue= 2|pages= 69–86|doi= 10.19109/tamaddun.v18i2.2785|url=https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/tamaddun/article/view/2785/1887|last1= Niswah|first1= Chirun|doi-access= free}}</ref> | * [[Kedatuan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] (abad ka-7–ka-13) * Kasultanan Palimbang (1550–1823) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Patani<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Karajaan Negara Sri Dharmaraja (Milinium ka-1–abad ka-15) * Langkasuka (abad ka-2–ka-14) * Kasultanan Pattani (1516–1902) * Kasultanan Singgora (1603–1689) * Karajaan Reman (1785–1902) * Karajaan Legeh (1755–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39">{{harvnb|Anuar Nik Mahmud|1999|p=39}}</ref> * Karajaan Nong Chik (1809–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> * Karajaan Jalur (1817–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> * Karajaan Teluban (1817–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> * Karajaan Jering (1817–1902)<ref name="Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 39"/> | * {{flagicon image|Seal Pattani.png}} Pattani,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Yala.png}} Yala,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Narathiwat.png}} Narathiwat,<br>{{flagicon image|Seal Songkhla.png}} Songkhla,<br />{{flagicon image|Seal Phattalung.png}} Phattalung * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kadah, Malaysia|Kadah]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan.svg}} [[Kalantan, Malaysia|Kalantan]],<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Pirak<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Gangga Negara (abad ka-2–ka-11) * Kasultanan Pirak (1528–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Pirak, Malaysia|Pirak]] |- valign="top" | [[Urang Malayu Riau]] | * Kasultanan Kuntu Kampar (1234–1933) * Kasultanan Indragiri (1298–1945) * Kasultanan Rokan (1569–1940) * Kasultanan Pelalawan (1791–1946) * Kasultanan Riau-Lingga (1824–1911) | * {{flag|Riau}},<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau,<br /> {{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Pasaman.png}} Kabupatin Pasaman,<br />{{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.png}} Kabupatin Lima Puluh Kota |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Sarawak{{sfn|Said|2012}}{{sfn|Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak|}} | * Karajaan Santubong (abad ka-7) * Karajaan Samarahan (abad ka-13) * Karajaan Saribas (abad ka-15) * Karajaan Banting (abad ka-16) * Kasultanan Sarawak (1598–1641) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak.svg}} [[Sarawak, Malaysia|Sarawak]] |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Slangor | * Kasultanan Selangor (1745–wahini) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]] |- valign="top" | [[Urang Malayu Singapura]] | * Karajaan Singapura (1299–1398) | * {{flag|Singapura}} |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Tamiang | * Karajaan Bukit Karang (1023–1330) * Kasultanan Benua Tamiang (1330–1528) | * {{flagicon image|Lambang Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang.png}} Kabupatin Aceh Tamiang |- valign="top" | Urang Malayu Tarangganu<ref name="Colling" /><ref name="Aris" /><ref name="Husain" /> | * Kasultanan Terengganu (1708–wahini) * Karajaan Besut (1780–1899) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of Terengganu.svg}} [[Tarangganu, Malaysia|Tarangganu]] * [[Kuantan, Malaysia|Kuta Kuantan]] ([[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]]) |- valign="top" |Urang Malayu Kalimantan Barat | * Karajaan Landak (1292–1962) * Karajaan Matan (1590–1948) * Karajaan Mempawah (1740–1950) * Kasultanan Pontianak (1771–1950) * Kasultanan Sambas (1675–1944) * Karajaan Sanggau (1310–1960) * Karajaan Sintang (1365–1950) * [[Tanjungpura|Karajaan Tanjungpura]] (880–1590) | * {{flagicon image|Flag of West Kalimantan.svg}} [[Kalimantan Barat]] |} == Liat jua == * [[Dunia Malayu]] * [[Rumah Malayu]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin}} {{Div col|colwidth=25em}} * {{citation | last = Abd. 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Wolters | title = History, culture, and region in Southeast Asian perspectives | publisher = Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publications | year = 1999 | location = Singapura | isbn = 978-0-87727-725-5 }} * {{citation | last = Wong | first = Hoy Kee | title = Comparative studies in Southeast Asian education | publisher = Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) | year = 1973 | isbn = 978-0-686-60339-9 }} * {{citation | last = Wright | first = John | title = The New York Times Almanac 2001 | publisher = The New York Times Company | year = 2007 | location = [[New York]] | isbn = 978-1-57958-348-4 | title-link = The New York Times Almanac }} * {{citation | last = Wright | first = Thomas | title = The travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: the translation of Marsden revised, with a selection of his notes | publisher = Kessinger Publishing, LLC | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-4191-8573-1 }} * {{cite web |last1=Yunos |first1=Rozan |last2=Begawan |first2=Bandar Seri |date=24 Uktubir 2011 |title=In search of Brunei Malays outside Brunei |url=http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/10/24/search-brunei-malays-outside-brunei |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514083428/http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/10/24/search-brunei-malays-outside-brunei |archive-date=14 Mai 2016 |url-status=usurped |work=Brunei Times }} * {{cite web | last = Zakaria | first = Faizal Izzani | title = Keris jiwa Melayu dan Nusantara | website = Utusan online | date = 3 Siptimbir 2016 | url = http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/keris-jiwa-melayu-dan-nusantara-1.377802 | access-date = 12 Nupimbir 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035426/http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/keris-jiwa-melayu-dan-nusantara-1.377802 | archive-date = 1 Disimbir 2017 }} * {{citation | last = Zaki Ragman | title = Gateway to Malay culture | publisher = Asiapac Books Pte Ltd | year = 2003 | location = Singapura | isbn = 978-981-229-326-8 }} * {{citation | last = Ziegler | first = Oswald Leopol | title = The world and south east Asia | publisher = Oswald Ziegler Enterprises | year = 1972 | isbn = 978-0-909586-03-4 }} {{div col end}} {{refend}} == Pranala luar == * {{ms}} [http://iyco0.tripod.com/usmanawang.html Puisi Usman Awang mengenai Melayu.]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{en}} [http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=29765 Melayu] * {{id}} [http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:lYcg2r-ziWYJ:ccm.um.edu.my/umweb/fsss/images/persidangan/Kertas%2520Kerja/Pak%2520Witrianto.doc+Rumpun+Banjar&hl=id&ct=clnk&cd=139&gl=id&client=firefox-a Modal Sosial dan Pembangunan Manusia Melayu oleh Witrianto, S.S., M.Hum., M.Si dari Universitas Andalas]{{Dead link|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{id}} [http://www.indonesiamedia.com/2004/05/early/budaya/budaya-0504-bhinneka.htm Bhinneka Tunggal Ika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126030352/http://www.indonesiamedia.com/2004/05/early/budaya/budaya-0504-bhinneka.htm |date=26 Januari 2010 }} * {{id}} [http://melayuonline.com/article/?a=aW1QL3FMZVZBUkU4Ng%3D%3D= Gerakan Bangsa Melayu Besar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408223826/http://melayuonline.com/article/?a=aw1ql3fmzvzbuku4ng=== |date=8 April 2016 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malayu}} [[Tumbung:Urang Malayu| ]] [[Tumbung:Malayu|*]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Malaysia]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Brunai]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Singapura]] {{Authority control}} 9kd94z9ow2h08cq6lenzphuywfgqpng 0 19529 115929 113077 2026-11-11T14:43:22Z Afdhal Sy 16354 /* Single */ 115929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox urang}} '''Ratu Sikumbang''' atawa '''Ratu Menez''' ({{lang-ms|'''Ratu Sikumbang'''}}; [[Jawi]]: راتو سيكومباڠ; {{lahirmati|Serang, [[Bantan]]|2|04|1994}}) yatu seikung [[panyanyi]] wan [[palakun]] [[Indunisia]] katurunan [[Melayu]] wan Minangkabau. == Diskografi == ===== Album ===== * <nowiki>''Balam Tigo Gayo''</nowiki> (2009) * <nowiki>''Jaso Mandeh''</nowiki> (2010) * <nowiki>''Kelok 9''</nowiki> (2011) * <nowiki>''Talambek Pulang''</nowiki> (2011) * <nowiki>''Di Mimpi Datang Juo''</nowiki> (2012) * <nowiki>''Teluk Bayur''</nowiki> (2012) * <nowiki>''Pulanglah Yuang''</nowiki> (2012) * <nowiki>''Hiduik di Rantau Subarang''</nowiki> (2012) * <nowiki>''Di Hati Mati, Di Mato Buto''</nowiki> (2013) * <nowiki>''Rindu di Hati''</nowiki> (2013) * <nowiki>''Aduh Rindu''</nowiki> (2013) * <nowiki>''Kaba dari Rantau''</nowiki> (2013) * <nowiki>''Ampun Mandeh''</nowiki> (2014) * <nowiki>''Mananti Cinto''</nowiki> (2015) * <nowiki>''Andam Oi''</nowiki> (2015) * <nowiki>''Cangguang''</nowiki> (2015) * <nowiki>''Matohari Pagi di Ranah Minang''</nowiki> (2015) * <nowiki>''Bia Pusaro di Rantau''</nowiki> (2015) * <nowiki>''Bia Tuo Jo Mudo''</nowiki> (2016) * <nowiki>''Manjalang Denai''</nowiki> (2016) * <nowiki>''Pergi untuk Kembali (Golden Memories)''</nowiki> (2017) * <nowiki>''Cincin Bapulangkan''</nowiki> (2018) * <nowiki>''Kutang Barendo (Remix Hits)''</nowiki> (2019) ===== Single ===== * "I Love You" (2014) * "Hey Baby" (2017) * "Kepo" (2018) * "Kubuat Kau Bahagia" (2019) * "Coba Jadi Aku" (2020) * "Om Pim Pa" (2021) * "Seso Malam Langang" (2021) * "Janji Nan Badutoi" (2021) * "Rambang Mato" (2021) * "Jarak Pambateh Cinto" (2021) * "Ibo-Ibo Hati Den Mandeh" (2022) * "Mambuang Raso Cinto" (2023) * "Hati Yang Salah" (2023) * "Salamaik Rayo" (2023) * "Marantau Cino" (2023) * "Taraok Tapian Baro" (2023) * "Baa Kaba" (2023) * "FWB (Friend with Benefit)" (2023) * "Aku Tak Biasa" (2023) * "Rambuik Karibo" (2023) * "Dayuang Palinggam" (2023) * "Sopir Batak" (2023) * "Aku Ikhlas" (2023) * "Andam Sarasah" (2024) * "Cinto Bakasan (2024) * "Padiah Diseso Bayang" (2024) * "Galau Hati Nan Luko" (2024) * "Bungo Cinto Dihati Putiah" (2024) * "Air Mata Terurai" (2024) * "Perhentian Terbaik" (2024) * "Indak Batamu Ujuangnyo" (2024) * "Taganggam Bayang Bayang" (2024) * "Tutuik Talingo Piciangkan Mato" (2024) * "Ratok Si Kamba" (2025) * "Minangkabau Barayo" (2025) * "Dek Tido Urang Sisiahkan" (2025) * "Takuik Hari Malam" (2025) * "20 September" (2025) * "Sasa Kabakeh Diri" (2025) * "Jan Lamo Bana" (2025) * "Raso Ditapi Cawan " (2025) * "Hilang Tautan Cinto" (2025) * "Apo Kurangnyo Denai" (2026) * "Sasa Di Ujuang Cinto" (2026) * "Siriah Karakok" (2026) * "Tambah Pitih Balanjo" (2026) * "Padiah Ditikam Duto" (2026) * "Terbiasa" (2026) == Pautan luar == * {{Instagram|barbiequeen94}} {{stub}} [[Tumbung:Binian]] [[Tumbung:Panyanyi Indunisia]] [[Tumbung:Palakun Indunisia]] {{Authority control}} j5gl3lwhm8ylox86rwxfoik1778xl9o 0 24325 115944 115535 2026-11-12T10:34:14Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 115944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ethnic group|ref14|group={{PAGENAME}}<br/> ڤاليمبڠ|image=[[File:Suku Palembang.jpg|250px]]|poptime=± 3,800,000<ref name="Palembang pop">{{cite web |title=Palembang of Indonesia |url=https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=22525#topmenu |website=peoplegroups.org |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>|popplace={{flag|Indonesia}} ([[Sumatra Selatan]])|langs={{plainlist| '''Bahasa pribumi''':<br>[[Basa Palimbang|Palimbang]] '''Bahasa rasmi di Indonesia''':<br>[[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] }}|rels=Mayoritas <br> [[File:Allah-green.svg|15px]] [[Islam]]|related={{hlist|[[Suku Musi|Musi]]|[[Suku Enim|Enim]]|[[Suku Rawas|Rawas]]|[[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]]|[[Suku Jawa|Jawa]]}}}} '''Urang Palimbang''' atawa '''[[Urang Malayu]] Palimbang''' ([[basa Palimbang]]: ''Wong Palémbang, Wong Kito Galo'')<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Is8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=wong+palembang+suku+palembang&source=bl&ots=zITOhuXUbt&sig=ACfU3U3paKuqqtqZoABrQo7Cuq1O2hOkhg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8lPyQlvr1AhVLSGwGHdAJCoQ4ZBDoAXoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=wong%20palembang%20suku%20palembang&f=false|title=Kacang Tidak Lupa Kulitnya|last=Sakai|first=Minako|date=2017|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|language=id|quote={{lang-id|Wong Palembang Asli atau orang Palembang asli adalah suku yang berasal dari Palembang [The indigenous Wong Palembang or the Palembang people are the indigenous or ethnic group native to Palembang]}}}}</ref> marupakan suku bangsa naŋ mandiami '''Palembang''' awan jua wilayah '''Sumatra Salatan'''.<ref>[http://www.palembang.go.id/index.php/sosial-budaya-kota-pelembang Sosial Budaya Kota Palembang Dari Turun Temurun]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>''Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. {{ISBN|9812302123}}.''</ref> Badasarkan statistik, panduduk Suku Palembang bajumlah paŋ sakitar 3.800.000 populasi naŋ hidup di [[Indunisia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|title=Yuk Kenali Suku-Suku di Sumatera Selatan (Part-1)|url=https://travel.okezone.com/read/2017/03/14/406/1642096/yuk-kenali-suku-suku-di-sumatera-selatan-part-1|website=okezone.com|language=id|trans-title=Let's Get To Know About Ethnic Groups in South Sumatra}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=|title=Mari Mengenal 12 Suku yang Mendiami Bumi Sriwijaya|url=https://akurat.co/yuk-mengenal-12-suku-yang-mendiami-bumi-sriwijaya|website=akurat.co|publisher=Akurat Sentra Media|language=id|trans-title=Let's Get To Know About 12 Ethnic Groups Native To Srivijaya Land (South Sumatra)|access-date=2022-05-31|archive-date=2023-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119021235/https://akurat.co/yuk-mengenal-12-suku-yang-mendiami-bumi-sriwijaya|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Badan Pusat Statistik|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia (Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020)|date=21 Januari 2021|url=https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/download.html?nrbvfeve=MTg1NA%3D%3D&sdfs=ldjfdifsdjkfahi&twoadfnoarfeauf=MjAyMS0wNy0xOSAxNzoyNzo0Ng%3D%3D|location=Jakarta|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|ref={{sfnref|BPS|2021b}}}}</ref> == Gelar == [[Barakas:Gilded_copper_crown_Indonesia_Palembang_region_Sumatra_1880-1930_CE_(2482527031).jpg|ka|jmpl|333x333px|Mahkota tembaga bermotif khas Palembang dipamerkan di Museum Seni Asia (San Francisco) di [[California]], salah satu pusaka ini berkemungkinan dicuri atawa diambil dari etnis pribumi Palembang pada masa {{circa}} 1880-1930 M]] Manurut paranan ɲa naŋ manonjol, masyarakat palembaŋ digolongkan kadalam dua galumpuk hutama, yakni Wong Jaro jua disabut manjadi wong Jaroo (''terj. har. 'golongan bangsawan'<nowiki/>'') awan Wong Jabo (''terj. har. 'golongan masyarakat humum'''). Galar-gelar kabangsawanan masyarakat palembang bənar dipangaruhi huleh sistem kabangsawanan hataw ningrat Urang Jawa ulih hubuŋan harat hantar kadua hantitas kabangsawanan naŋ dipangaruhi faktor hubungan Palembang awan Jawa di masa lampaw takhusus pada masa '''Kasultanan Palembang'''. === Pria === * '''''Ki''''', '''''Kie''''', '''''Ke''''', atawa '''''Kyai''''' ** '''''Kimas/Ki Mas''''', '''''Kiemas/Kie Mas''''', '''''Kemas''''', atawa '''''Kyai Mas''''', gelar kebangsawanan lelaki yang bersusur galur utama dari Kemas Anom Dipati. ** '''''Ki Gede''''' atawa '''''Kyai Gede''''', termasuk salah satu gelar kebangsawanan paling awal yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Palembang yang dipengaruhi oleh sistem ningrat atawa kebangsawanan etnis Jawa. Dalam struktur masyarakat etnis Jawa, gelar ''Ki'' atawa ''Kyai'' merupakan gelar kehormatan yang diberikan kepada seseorang yang dianggap bijaksana atawapun juga memiliki asal usul aristokrat. ** '''''Kiagus''''' atawa '''''Kyai Agus'''''. * '''''Mas''''' ** '''''Masagus''''' * '''''Pangeran''''' ** '''''Pangeran Adipati''''' ** '''''Pangeran Ratu''''' * '''''Prabu''''' ** '''''Prabu Anom''''' * '''''Raden''''' * '''''Raja''''' ** '''''Raja Madang''''' === Wanita === * '''''Mas''''' ** '''''Masayu''''' * '''''Nyanyu''''' * '''''Nyi''''' atawa '''''Nyai''''' ** '''''Nyi Gede''''' atawa '''''Nyai Gede''''' ** '''''Nyimas''''' atawa '''''Nyai Mas''''' * '''''Raden''''' ** '''''Raden Ayu''''', gelar wanita bangsawan yang telah bersuami. * '''''Ratu''''' ** '''''Ratu Agung''''' ** '''''Ratu Gading''''' ** '''''Ratu Ilir''''' atawa '''''Ratu Ilèr''''' ** '''''Ratu Mas''''' ** '''''Ratu Sepuh''''' *** '''''Ratu Sepuh Asma''''' ** '''''Ratu Ulu''''' == Referensi == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Palimbang}} [[Kategori:Malayu]] [[Kategori:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia|Malayu Palimbang]] oxa9vceuwd2n0g5yc8o76m8rhw31v42 0 27134 115933 80498 2026-11-12T00:53:15Z Ezagren 143 +gambar 115933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kampung |kar = |gambar =[[Barakas:Kantor Desa Wahau Baru, Kutai Timur.JPG|300px|Kantur pambakal Wahau Baru]] |panjalasan =Kantur pambakal Wahau Baru |ngaran =Wahau Baru |prupinsi =Kalimantan Timur |dati2 =Kabupatin |ngaran dati2 =Kutai Timur |kacamatan =Muara Wahau |kode pos =75655 |luas =... km² |warga =... ikung |karacapan =... ikung/km² }} '''Wahau Baru''' yaitu sabuting [[kampung]] di Kacamatan [[Muara Wahau, Kutai Timur|Muara Wahau]], [[Kabupatin Kutai Timur]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Timur]], [[Indunisia]]. {{Muara Wahau, Kutai Timur}} {{Authority control}} {{Kampung-stub}} lwch8dwjkvj48gmns2d76o82gymsf7z 0 27135 115934 80499 2026-11-12T00:53:17Z Ezagren 143 +gambar 115934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kampung |kar = |gambar =[[Barakas:Kantor Desa Wanasari, Kutai Timur.JPG|300px|Kantur pambakal Wanasari]] |panjalasan =Kantur pambakal Wanasari |ngaran =Wanasari |prupinsi =Kalimantan Timur |dati2 =Kabupatin |ngaran dati2 =Kutai Timur |kacamatan =Muara Wahau |kode pos =75655 |luas =... km² |warga =... ikung |karacapan =... ikung/km² }} '''Wanasari''' yaitu sabuting [[kampung]] di Kacamatan [[Muara Wahau, Kutai Timur|Muara Wahau]], [[Kabupatin Kutai Timur]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Timur]], [[Indunisia]]. {{Muara Wahau, Kutai Timur}} {{Authority control}} {{Kampung-stub}} tuzkhpg129w2vsxykllc4lh94lovnhp 0 40117 115946 115529 2026-11-12T10:37:57Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 /* */ 115946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Indunisia | native_name = Orang Melayu Indonesia<br>{{lang|ms-ar|{{Script |Arab|اورڠ ملايو ايندونيسيا}}}} | image = [[File:About indonesian culture.jpg|260px]] | image_caption = Sapasan laki-bini Malayu di Riau handak manduakan adat Gambus. Panel balakang ngintu mamuat palet warna matan bandira [[talu warna Malayu]]. | population = 8.753.791 {{small|(2010)}}{{sfn|Ananta|Arifin|Hasbullah|Handayani|2015|p=119}}{{efn|The figure is based on the ethnic classification presented in {{harvnb|Ananta|Arifin|Hasbullah|Handayani|2015}}, which includes figures for every groups with "Malay" in their names as well as Jambi, Bengkulu, Serawai, Semendo peoples, but excludes figures for Palembang, Bangka, and Belitung peoples.{{sfn|Ananta|Arifin|Hasbullah|Handayani|2015|pp=35–36, 42–43}}}} | region1 = {{Flagcountry|Indunisia}} | pop1 = 8.753.791 (2010) | region2 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan | pop2 = 3.139.000 | ref2 = | region3 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flag|Riau}} | pop3 = [[urang Malayu Riau|2.880.240]] | ref3 = | region4 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of West Kalimantan.svg}} [[Kalimantan Barat]] | pop4 = 1.259.890 | ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kebudayaan-dayak.org/index.php?title=Propinsi_Kalimantan_Barat|title=Propinsi Kalimantan Barat - Dayakologi|access-date=29 Uktubir 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905212214/http://www.kebudayaan-dayak.org/index.php?title=Propinsi_Kalimantan_Barat|archive-date=5 Siptimbir 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region5 = {{nbsp|8}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Bangka-Belitung.svg}} Kapulauan Bangka Belitung | pop5 = 936.000 | ref5 = | region6 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flag|Jambi}} | pop6 = [[urang Malayu Jambi|914.660]] | ref6 = | region7 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau | pop7 = 600.108 | ref7 = | region8 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara | pop8 = 582.100 | ref8 = | region9 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flag|Lampung}} | pop9 = 269.240 | ref9 = | region10 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of West Java (vectorised).svg}} [[Jawa Barat]] | pop10 = 190.224 | ref10 = | region11 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Jakarta (vectorised).svg}} [[Dairah Khusus Indung banua Jakarta]] | pop11 = 165.039 | ref11 = | region12 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bengkulu.svg}} Bengkulu | pop12 = 125.120 | ref12 = | region13 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Central Kalimantan.svg}} [[Kalimantan Tangah]] | pop13 = 87.222 | ref13 = | region14 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of East Kalimantan.svg}} [[Kalimantan Timur]] | pop14 = 84.468 | ref14 = | region15 = {{nbsp|8}}{{flagicon image|Flag of North Kalimantan.svg}} [[Kalimantan Utara]] | pop15 = 64.881 | ref15 = | languages = [[Basa Malayu]] • [[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups = {{hlist|item_style=font-size:90%;|[[Urang Malayu Malaysia|Malayu Malaysia]]|[[Urang Malayu Singapura|Malayu Singapura]]|[[Urang Malayu Brunai|Malayu Brunai]]}} }} '''Urang Malayu Indunisia''' ([[Basa Malayu|Malayu]]/[[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]]: ''Orang Melayu Indonesia''; [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|أورڠ ملايو ايندونيسيا}}) adalah kalumpuk etnik [[urang Malayu|Malayu]] nang badiam di saban wilayah [[Indunisia]]. Ikam marupakan salah sabuting masyarakat adat di nagara ngitu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik|url=http://kesbangpol.riau.go.id/media.php?p=detail_artikel&id=272|access-date=29 Uktubir 2026|website=kesbangpol.riau.go.id|archive-date=8 Juli 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708112613/http://kesbangpol.riau.go.id/media.php?p=detail_artikel&id=272|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Bahasa Indunisia]], basa nasional Indunisia, marupakan bantuk baku matan bahasa Malayu Riau.<ref name="Sneddon">Sneddon 2003, ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society'', p. 69–70</ref><ref>''Kamus Saku Bahasa Indonesia'', p. 272, PT Mizan Publika, {{ISBN|9789791227834}}</ref> Terdapat banyak karajaan nang dihubungakan lawan masyarakat Malayu Indunisia sarata kalumpuk etnis lainnya di wilayah nang wahini jadi Indunisia, tautamanya di [[pulau Kalimantan]] wan [[Sumatera]]. Di antaranya Sriwijaya, Karajaan Malayu, Dharmasraya, Kasultanan Deli, [[Kesultanan Siak|Kasultanan Siak Sri Indrapura]], Kasultanan Riau-Lingga, Kasultanan Bulungan, Kasultanan Pontianak, wan Kasultanan Sambas. Sensus tahun 2010 manyambatakan bahwa ada 8 juta urang Malayu di Indunisia; angka ngini asalnya matan klasifikasi urang Malayu di Sumatera Timur wan pasisir Kalimantan nang diakui ulih pamarintah Indunisia. Klasifikasi ngini balain lawan sensus di [[Malaysia]] wan [[Singapura]] nang manggolongakan urang Malayu sabagai tumbung rasial nang luas; tumbung ngini kada hanya mancakup kalumpuk etnis Malayu inti, tagal jua samunyaan kalumpuk etnis Muslim nang asalnya matan kapulauan Indunisia (tamasuk suku Acéh, [[urang Banjar|Banjar]], [[Bugis]], Mandailing, Minangkabau, wan [[urang Jawa|Jawa]]) sabagai urang Malayu. == Rujukan == {{Commonscat|Malay people of Indonesia}} === Bibliografi === * {{citation | last1 = Abu Talib Ahmad | last2 = Tan | first2 = Liok Ee | title = New terrains in Southeast Asian history | publisher = Ohio University press | year = 2003 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-269-8 }} * {{citation | last = Alexander | first = James | title = Malaysia Brunei & Singapore | publisher = New Holland Publishers | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-86011-309-3 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ananta |first1=Aris |last2=Arifin |first2=Evi Nurvidya |last3=Hasbullah |first3=M Sairi |last4=Handayani |first4=Nur Budi |last5=Pramono |first5=Agus |year=2015 |title=Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crKfCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-4519-87-8 }} * {{citation | last1 = Andaya | first1 = Barbara Watson | last2 = Andaya | first2 = Leonard Yuzon | title = A History of Malaysia | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | year = 1984 | location = London | isbn = 978-0-333-27672-3 }} * {{citation | last = Barnard | first = Timothy P. | title = Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries | publisher = Singapore University press | year = 2004 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-279-7 }} * {{Cite book |last=Cœdès |first=George |author-link=Georges Coedès |title=The Indianized states of Southeast Asia |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC |isbn=978-0-8248-0368-1 |access-date=29 Uktubir 2026 |archive-date=23 Januari 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123031147/https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC |url-status=live }} * {{citation | last = Esposito | first = John L. | title = The Oxford History of Islam | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1999 | location = New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9HUDXkJIE3EC&pg=PT841 | isbn = 978-0-19-510799-9 }} * {{citation | last1 = Melebek |first1 = Abdul Rashid | last2 = Moain |first2 = Amat Juhari | title = Sejarah Bahasa Melayu ("History of the Malay Language") | publisher = Utusan Publications & Distributors | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-967-61-1809-7 }} * {{citation |last1=Miksic |first1=John N. |title=Ancient Southeast Asia |last2=Goh |first2=Geok Yian |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |location=London}}g * {{citation | last = Milner | first = Anthony | title = The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific) | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4443-3903-1 }} * {{citation | last = Ministry of Culture | first = Singapore | title = Singapore: facts and pictures | journal = Singapore Facts and Figures | year = 1973 | issn = 0217-7773 }} * {{citation | last = Mohamed Anwar Omar Din | title = Asal Usul Orang Melayu: Menulis Semula Sejarahnya (The Malay Origin: Rewrite Its History) | publisher = Jurnal Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia | year = 2011 | url = https://www.scribd.com/doc/82001895 | access-date = 29 Uktubir 2026 | archive-date = 9 Disimbir 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191209135319/https://www.scribd.com/document/82001895/1 | url-status = live }} * {{citation | last = Mohd Fauzi Yaacob | title = Malaysia: Transformasi dan perubahan sosial | publisher = Arah Pendidikan Sdn Bhd | year = 2009 | location = Kuala Lumpur | isbn = 978-967-323-132-4 }} * {{citation | last = Munoz | first = Paul Michel| title = Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula | publisher = Editions Didier Millet | year = 2006 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-981-4155-67-0 }} * {{citation | last = Sneddon | first = James N. | title = The Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society | publisher = University of New South Wales Press | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-86840-598-8 }} * {{citation | last = Stearns | first = Peter N. | author-link = Peter Stearns | title = The Encyclopedia of World History | volume = 1 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-395-65237-4 | title-link = The Encyclopedia of World History }} * {{citation | last = Wolters | first = Oliver William | author-link = O. W. Wolters | title = History, culture, and region in Southeast Asian perspectives | publisher = Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publications | year = 1999 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-0-87727-725-5 }} * {{citation | last = Zaki Ragman | title = Gateway to Malay culture | publisher = Asiapac Books Pte Ltd | year = 2003 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-981-229-326-8 }} === Catatan === {{notelist}} === Kutipan === {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Tumbung:Malayu|Indunisia]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia|Malayu]] o5pw6mz1mceb4z15bj3lq25lqqorb3n 0 40202 115930 115904 2026-11-12T00:31:39Z Raihankakicak 15775 115930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulraof Macacua''' diranakakan 13 Siptimbir 1957, dipinandui lawan ngaran '''Sammy Gambar''' ialah pulitikus Filipina wan mantan kumandan pambaruntak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clans in Maguindanao’s biggest ‘rido’ bury hatchet|url=https://mindanaodailymirror.ph/Main/full_article/clans-in-maguindanao-s-biggest-rido-bury-hatchet8638|website=mindanaodailymirror.ph|language=en|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> Sidin jadi Katua Menteri Bangsgamoro panamayan nang tapilih wayah 2026 wan masih manjabat sampai wahini. Sidin angguta Partai Federalis Bangsamoro (BFP) nang mawakili Distrrik Parlemen ka talu Maguindanao del Norte di Parlemen Bangsamoro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-12|title=Maguindanao del Norte governor’s son appointed to Bangsamoro parliament|url=https://mindanews.com/top-stories/2024/02/maguindanao-del-norte-governors-son-appointed-to-bangsamoro-parliament/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> Sabalumnya, Macacua manjabat sawagai Ketua Menteri samantara kadua Bangsamoro wayah Marit 2025 sampai Uktubir 2026. Sidin parnah jua jadi angguta Parlemen Otoritas Transisi Bangsamoro (BTA) nang ditunjuk wayah tahun 2019-2023 wan 2025-2026. Imbah nitu, sidin tapilih jadi angguta Parlemen Bangsamoro liwat pamilihan umum panambayan gasan lambaga nitu. Sabalum manjabat sawagai Ketua Menteri, Macacua suah jadi bagian matan Kabinet Bangsamoro di bawah kepemimpinan Ketua Menteri samantara Murad Ebrahim. Sidin manjabat sawagai Menteri Lingkungan Hidup, Sumber Daya Alam, wan Energi wayah 2019-2022 lawan Menteri Senior rahatan 2019-2023. Sidin suah jua jadi angguta Komisi Transisi Bangsamoro. Wayah 2023, Prisidin Bongbong Marcos manunjuk sawagai Pejabat Sementara (OIC) Hubnur Maguindanao del Norte.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Office|first=Bangsamoro Information|date=2026-10-31|title=Abdulraof Macacua: First Chief Minister of Bangsamoro’s Elected Parliament - BARMM Official Website|url=https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/abdulraof-macacua-first-chief-minister-of-bangsamoros-elected-parliament/|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> == Kahidupan == Abdulraof Macacua diranakakan wayah 13 Siptimbir 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MACACUA, ABDULRAOF A. {{!}} Bangsamoro Parliament|url=https://parliament.bangsamoro.gov.ph/member-parliament/macacua-abdulraof-a/|website=parliament.bangsamoro.gov.ph|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> Sidin anak lakian matan laki bini Salma B. Macacua wan Macacua W. Tubo-Tubo. Sidin ranak di Gambar, Kabuntalan, Cotabato, nang wahini tamasuk wilayah Maguindanao del Norte.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-20/tiampobruchet/p26|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> == Front Pambibasan Islam Moro == Wayah 1971, Macacua bagabung lawan garakan kamardikaan Moro wan mamakai ngaran alias Sammy Gambar. Sidin manjuangkan hak rakyat Moro gasan manantuakan nasib saurang liwat sayap basanjata Front Pambibasan Islam Moro (MILF), yaitu Angkatan Basanjata Islam Bangsamoro (BIAF). Macacua maumpati palatihhan militer di Filipina lawan di luar nagri. Samakin lawas, sidin kawa naik pangkat dalam urganisasi MILF sampai disurung jadi Kapala Staf BIAF. Sidin jua jadi angguta Panel Negosiasi Perdamaian MILF nang umpat jua di parundingan damai lawan pamarintah Filipina. Salain nitu, Macacua jadi buhan Komisi Tranisi Bangsamoro, yaitu lambaga nang gawiannya manyusun undang-undang dasar gasan paulahan wilayah otonom Bangsamoro.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernandez|first=Edwin O.|date=2025-03-11|title=Abdulraof Macacua: Man of the hour|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2042611/abdulraof-macacua-man-of-the-hour|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> == Jujuhutan == lg6g26khgqfeac30xav1h23e0y3vca2 115931 115930 2026-11-12T00:42:07Z Raihankakicak 15775 115931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulraof Macacua''' diranakakan 13 Siptimbir 1957, dipinandui lawan ngaran '''Sammy Gambar''' ialah pulitikus Filipina wan mantan kumandan pambaruntak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clans in Maguindanao’s biggest ‘rido’ bury hatchet|url=https://mindanaodailymirror.ph/Main/full_article/clans-in-maguindanao-s-biggest-rido-bury-hatchet8638|website=mindanaodailymirror.ph|language=en|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> Sidin jadi Katua Menteri Bangsgamoro panamayan nang tapilih wayah 2026 wan masih manjabat sampai wahini. Sidin angguta Partai Federalis Bangsamoro (BFP) nang mawakili Distrrik Parlemen ka talu Maguindanao del Norte di Parlemen Bangsamoro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-12|title=Maguindanao del Norte governor’s son appointed to Bangsamoro parliament|url=https://mindanews.com/top-stories/2024/02/maguindanao-del-norte-governors-son-appointed-to-bangsamoro-parliament/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> Sabalumnya, Macacua manjabat sawagai Ketua Menteri samantara kadua Bangsamoro wayah Marit 2025 sampai Uktubir 2026. Sidin parnah jua jadi angguta Parlemen Otoritas Transisi Bangsamoro (BTA) nang ditunjuk wayah tahun 2019-2023 wan 2025-2026. Imbah nitu, sidin tapilih jadi angguta Parlemen Bangsamoro liwat pamilihan umum panambayan gasan lambaga nitu. Sabalum manjabat sawagai Ketua Menteri, Macacua suah jadi bagian matan Kabinet Bangsamoro di bawah kepemimpinan Ketua Menteri samantara Murad Ebrahim. Sidin manjabat sawagai Menteri Lingkungan Hidup, Sumber Daya Alam, wan Energi wayah 2019-2022 lawan Menteri Senior rahatan 2019-2023. Sidin suah jua jadi angguta Komisi Transisi Bangsamoro. Wayah 2023, Prisidin Bongbong Marcos manunjuk sawagai Pejabat Sementara (OIC) Hubnur Maguindanao del Norte.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Office|first=Bangsamoro Information|date=2026-10-31|title=Abdulraof Macacua: First Chief Minister of Bangsamoro’s Elected Parliament - BARMM Official Website|url=https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/abdulraof-macacua-first-chief-minister-of-bangsamoros-elected-parliament/|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> == Kahidupan == Abdulraof Macacua diranakakan wayah 13 Siptimbir 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MACACUA, ABDULRAOF A. {{!}} Bangsamoro Parliament|url=https://parliament.bangsamoro.gov.ph/member-parliament/macacua-abdulraof-a/|website=parliament.bangsamoro.gov.ph|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> Sidin anak lakian matan laki bini Salma B. Macacua wan Macacua W. Tubo-Tubo. Sidin ranak di Gambar, Kabuntalan, Cotabato, nang wahini tamasuk wilayah Maguindanao del Norte.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-20/tiampobruchet/p26|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> == Front Pambibasan Islam Moro == Wayah 1971, Macacua bagabung lawan garakan kamardikaan Moro wan mamakai ngaran alias Sammy Gambar. Sidin manjuangkan hak rakyat Moro gasan manantuakan nasib saurang liwat sayap basanjata Front Pambibasan Islam Moro (MILF), yaitu Angkatan Basanjata Islam Bangsamoro (BIAF). Macacua maumpati palatihhan militer di Filipina lawan di luar nagri. Samakin lawas, sidin kawa naik pangkat dalam urganisasi MILF sampai disurung jadi Kapala Staf BIAF. Sidin jua jadi angguta Panel Negosiasi Perdamaian MILF nang umpat jua di parundingan damai lawan pamarintah Filipina. Salain nitu, Macacua jadi buhan Komisi Tranisi Bangsamoro, yaitu lambaga nang gawiannya manyusun undang-undang dasar gasan paulahan wilayah otonom Bangsamoro.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernandez|first=Edwin O.|date=2025-03-11|title=Abdulraof Macacua: Man of the hour|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2042611/abdulraof-macacua-man-of-the-hour|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|access-date=2026-11-11}}</ref> == Gawian == Macacua mulai umpat dalam pamarintahan lukal Bangsamoro nang diulah gasan manggantii Daerah Otonom Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Sidin disuruh jadi angguta Otoritas Trransisi Bangsamoro (BTA) wan jadi bagian matan Parlemen Bangsamoro satumat. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/11/12/murad-reshuffles-barmm-cabinet/|title=Murad reshuffles BARMM Cabinet|work=Manila Bulletin News|access-date=2026-11-12|language=en-US}}</ref> == Jujuhutan == 6q0ec50yryicthxgeu6qtyyfnkv8dq4 1 40213 115932 2026-11-12T00:42:38Z Raihankakicak 15775 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/asian-month-2026-bjn 115932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WAM talk 2026}} tgsawt6b577kkhzqvno4tbd02k9b47k 0 40214 115935 2026-11-12T06:16:30Z Wadaihangit 12694 hanyar 115935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses|Pagatan (disambiguasi)}} {{kalurahan |peta = |gambar =[[Barakas:Kantor Kelurahan Kota Pagatan, Tanah Bumbu.jpg|300px|Kantur lurah Kota Pagatan]] |keterangan =Kantur kalurahan Kota Pagatan |ngaran =Kota Pagatan |prupinsi =Kalimantan Salatan |dati2 =Kabupatin |ngaran dati2 =Tanah Bumbu |kacamatan =Kusan Hilir |kode pos =72273 |luas =... km² |panduduk =... jiwa |kepadatan =... jiwa/km² }} '''Kota Pagatan''' (toponim: Pagattan/Pegattan) iyalah [[kalurahan]] salajur indung banua Kacamatan [[Kusan Hilir, Tanah Bumbu|Kusan Hilir]], [[Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Salatan]], [[Indunisia]]. == Itihi juwa == * [[Pantai Pagatan]] * [[Sarung Tenun Pagatan]] * [[Bugis Pagatan]] * [[Karajaan Pagatan]] * [[Karajaan Kusan]] == Jujuhutan == * [http://tanahbumbukab.bps.go.id/?set=viewDataKcaDetail&flag_template2=1&id_kec=1&id=53 Data desa di BPS Tanah Bumbu] * [http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf Master Wilayah di situs BPS (Data Desember 2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010234806/http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf |date=2010-10-10 }} * [http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 Daftar kode desa Kalimantan Selatan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710064829/http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 |date=2010-07-10 }} {{Kusan Hilir, Tanah Bumbu}} {{Authority control}} n2fb4ywzw8au3lckrdw1ysh956a7rxr 0 40215 115936 2026-11-12T06:27:27Z Wadaihangit 12694 hanyar 115936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kampung |peta = |gambar = |panjalasan = Kantur pambakal Sidorejo |ngaran = Sidorejo |prupinsi = Kalimantan Selatan |dati2 = Kabupaten |ngaran dati2 = Tanah Bumbu |kacamatan = Satui |kode pos = 72275 |luas = ... km² |warga = 7608 jiwa |karacapan = ... jiwa/km }} '''Sidorejo''' yaitu sabuting [[kampung]] di [[kacamatan]] [[Satui, Tanah Bumbu|Satui]], Kabupatin [[Kabupatin Tanah Bumbu]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Salatan]], [[Indunisia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redaksi|date=2023-01-02|title=Sah! 8 Desa Pemekaran di Tanah Bumbu Definitif|url=https://lugasnusantara.co.id/2023/01/02/sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif?page&year=2023&monthnum=01&day=02&name=sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif|website=Lugas Nusantara|language=id|access-date=2026-11-12}}</ref> == Jujuhutan == <references /> {{Satui, Tanah Bumbu}} {{Authority control}} {{Desa-stub}} 5hrpqud0wohnognf7e3d4glcipn6zdd 0 40216 115937 2026-11-12T06:27:52Z Wadaihangit 12694 hanyar 115937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kampung |peta = |gambar = |panjalasan = Kantur pambakal Makmur Jaya |ngaran = Makmur Jaya |prupinsi = Kalimantan Selatan |dati2 = Kabupaten |ngaran dati2 = Tanah Bumbu |kacamatan = Satui |kode pos = 72275 |luas = ... km² |warga = 7608 jiwa |karacapan = ... jiwa/km }} '''Makmur Jaya''' yaitu sabuting [[kampung]] di [[kacamatan]] [[Satui, Tanah Bumbu|Satui]], Kabupatin [[Kabupatin Tanah Bumbu]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Salatan]], [[Indunisia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redaksi|date=2023-01-02|title=Sah! 8 Desa Pemekaran di Tanah Bumbu Definitif|url=https://lugasnusantara.co.id/2023/01/02/sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif?page&year=2023&monthnum=01&day=02&name=sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif|website=Lugas Nusantara|language=id|access-date=2026-11-12}}</ref> == Jujuhutan == <references /> {{Satui, Tanah Bumbu}} {{Authority control}} {{Desa-stub}} 4rl4lsykxq4uzc3cdpr6m0d0zlssl98 0 40217 115938 2026-11-12T06:28:11Z Wadaihangit 12694 hanyar 115938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kampung |peta = |gambar = |panjalasan = Kantur pambakal Beruntung Raya |ngaran = Beruntung Raya |prupinsi = Kalimantan Selatan |dati2 = Kabupaten |ngaran dati2 = Tanah Bumbu |kacamatan = Satui |kode pos = 72275 |luas = ... km² |warga = 7608 jiwa |karacapan = ... jiwa/km }} '''Beruntung Raya''' yaitu sabuting [[kampung]] di [[kacamatan]] [[Satui, Tanah Bumbu|Satui]], Kabupatin [[Kabupatin Tanah Bumbu]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Salatan]], [[Indunisia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redaksi|date=2023-01-02|title=Sah! 8 Desa Pemekaran di Tanah Bumbu Definitif|url=https://lugasnusantara.co.id/2023/01/02/sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif?page&year=2023&monthnum=01&day=02&name=sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif|website=Lugas Nusantara|language=id|access-date=2026-11-12}}</ref> == Jujuhutan == <references /> {{Satui, Tanah Bumbu}} {{Authority control}} {{Desa-stub}} nrk6auirc8k6x2zkuv24rb02um242hv 0 40218 115939 2026-11-12T06:28:31Z Wadaihangit 12694 hanyar 115939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kampung |peta = |gambar = |panjalasan = Kantur pambakal Barakat Mufakat |ngaran = Barakat Mufakat |prupinsi = Kalimantan Selatan |dati2 = Kabupaten |ngaran dati2 = Tanah Bumbu |kacamatan = Satui |kode pos = 72275 |luas = ... km² |warga = 7608 jiwa |karacapan = ... jiwa/km }} '''Barakat Mufakat''' yaitu sabuting [[kampung]] di [[kacamatan]] [[Satui, Tanah Bumbu|Satui]], Kabupatin [[Kabupatin Tanah Bumbu]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Salatan]], [[Indunisia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redaksi|date=2023-01-02|title=Sah! 8 Desa Pemekaran di Tanah Bumbu Definitif|url=https://lugasnusantara.co.id/2023/01/02/sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif?page&year=2023&monthnum=01&day=02&name=sah-8-desa-pemekaran-di-tanah-bumbu-definitif|website=Lugas Nusantara|language=id|access-date=2026-11-12}}</ref> == Jujuhutan == <references /> {{Satui, Tanah Bumbu}} {{Authority control}} {{Desa-stub}} gsahs3wpbnu15g9odcbt5up7b22i82t 0 40219 115940 2026-11-12T06:32:02Z Wadaihangit 12694 hanyar 115940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kalurahan |peta = |gambar =[[Berkas:Kantor Kelurahan Tungkaran Pangeran, Tanah Bumbu.JPG|300px|Kantor lurah Tungkaran Pangeran]] |panjalasan =Kantur kalurahan Tungkaran Pangeran |ngaran =Tungkaran Pangeran |prupinsi =Kalimantan Salatan |dati2 =Kabupatin |ngaran dati2 =Tanah Bumbu |kacamatan =Simpang Empat |kode pos =72212 |luas =... km² |penduduk =... jiwa |kepadatan =... jiwa/km² }} '''Tungkaran Pangeran''' iyalah sabuting [[kalurahan]] di wilayah [[kacamatan]] [[Simpang Empat, Tanah Bumbu|Simpang Empat]], [[Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu]], Prupinsi [[Kalimantan Selatan]], [[Indonesia]]. == Jujuhutan == {{RefDagri|2022}} {{Simpang Empat, Tanah Bumbu}} {{Authority control}} {{kelurahan-stub}} onyr0bpibq529m7ndqdwo0wdeayep7l 0 40220 115943 2026-11-12T10:06:23Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 Maulah laman nang isinya ''{{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Riau | native_name = ''Orang Melayu Riau''<br>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو رياو}} | image = [[Barakas:Melayu Traditional Wedding.jpg|300px]] | image_caption = Baju kawinan adat Malayu Riau. | popplace = Indunisia ({{Flag|Riau}}{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara{{•}}{{Flag|Ja...'' 115943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Riau | native_name = ''Orang Melayu Riau''<br>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو رياو}} | image = [[Barakas:Melayu Traditional Wedding.jpg|300px]] | image_caption = Baju kawinan adat Malayu Riau. | popplace = Indunisia ({{Flag|Riau}}{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of North Sumatra.svg}} Sumatera Utara{{•}}{{Flag|Jambi}}{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bengkulu.svg}} Bengkulu)<br />Malaysia ({{Flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]]{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]]) | languages = {{hlist| [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]] (Malayu Riau)|[[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]]}} | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups = [[Urang Malayu|Malayu]] | pop1 = 2.610.890 | pop2 = 116.000 | region1 = {{Flag|Indunisia}} | region2 = {{Flag|Malaysia}} }} '''Urang Malayu Riau''' ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu Riau}}, [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|ملايو رياو}}) adalah sabuah sub-kalompok [[urang Malayu]] nang barasal matan prupinsi [[Riau]] wan Kapulauan Riau di bagian timur [[Sumatera]], [[Indunisia]]. Buhan sidin cuma 29% matan populasi Kapulauan Riau, wan sakitar 45% matan populasi Riau. Urang Malayu Riau, terutama di daerah pasisir Riau wan Kapulauan Riau, baisi latar balakang budaya, sajarah, wan linguistik nang sama lawan urang Malayu Johor wan [[urang Malayu Singapura|Singapura]] marga asal-usul Malaka buhannya nang sama pas abad ka-15. == Liat jua == * [[Urang Malayu Indunisia]] * [[Urang Malayu Jambi]] [[Tumbung:Malayu|Riau]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia|Malayu Riau]] t5rfi0f4x26293znjpfxqihc60ieqto 0 40221 115945 2026-11-12T10:34:53Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 Maulah laman nang isinya ''{{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Jambi | native_name = ''Orang Melayu Jambi''<br>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}} | image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee hoofden van Sarolangun in traditionele adatkostuums Jambi Oost-Sumatra TMnr 10002780.jpg | image_caption = | popplace = '''[[Indunisia]]''' ({{Flag|Jambi}}: 1.200.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} K...'' 115945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Jambi | native_name = ''Orang Melayu Jambi''<br>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}} | image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee hoofden van Sarolangun in traditionele adatkostuums Jambi Oost-Sumatra TMnr 10002780.jpg | image_caption = | popplace = '''[[Indunisia]]''' ({{Flag|Jambi}}: 1.200.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau: 900.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flag|Riau}}: 600.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan: 420.000 urang)<br />'''[[Malaysia]]''' ({{Flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]]: 480.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]]: 240.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]]: 150.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]]: 120.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]]: 90.000 urang) | languages = {{hlist|[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]] (Malayu Jambi)|[[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]]}} | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups = {{hlist|[[Urang Malayu|Malayu]]}} | pop1 = 3.120.000 | pop2 = 1.080.000 | region1 = {{Flag|Indonesia}} | region2 = {{Flag|Malaysia}} }} [[File:NH JBI.jpg|thumb|235px|Wakil-wakil 'Bujang' (anak lanang) wan 'Gadis' (anak bini) matan Prupinsi Jambi nampak mamakai pakaian adat Malayu Jambi basamaan lawan Nurdin Halid.]] '''Urang Jambi''', atawa '''urang Malayu Jambi''',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Putra|first=Agusti|date=2019|title=SEJARAH MELAYU JAMBI DARI ABAD 7 SAMPAI ABAD 20|url=https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/twt/article/view/1549|journal=Tsaqofah Dan Tarikh|doi=10.29300/ttjksi.v3i1.1549|access-date=12 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=16 Pibuari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216111819/https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/twt/article/view/1549|url-status=dead}}</ref> ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu Jambi}}, [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}}) adalah sabuah kalompok etnis pribumi nang barasal matan prupinsi [[Jambi]]. Buhannya baisi di daerah Kuta Jambi, Kabupatin Muaro Jambi, Tanjung Jabung, Batanghari, wan Bungo-Tebo, jua sabagian Sarko.{{sfn|Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia|p=137-138}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web|url=https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1107/1/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|title=Penduduk Menurut Administrasi dan Suku Bangsa|date=2000|website=jambi.bps.go.id|accessdate=12 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=28 Nupimbir 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128091218/https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1107/1/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dusun-dusun buhannya baandak jauh-jauh, lawan rumah-rumah nang dibangun di subalah sungai-sungai nang ganal atawa halus. == Liat jua == * [[Urang Malayu Indunisia]] * [[Urang Malayu Riau]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Tumbung:Malayu|Jambi]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia|Malayu Jambi]] 7gw0gdpn24i2gll9jnlc99gkh47kmds 115947 115945 2026-11-12T10:40:12Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 /* */ 115947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Jambi | native_name = ''Orang Melayu Jambi''<br>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}} | image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee hoofden van Sarolangun in traditionele adatkostuums Jambi Oost-Sumatra TMnr 10002780.jpg | image_caption = | popplace = '''[[Indunisia]]''' ({{Flag|Jambi}}: 1.200.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau: 900.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flag|Riau}}: 600.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan: 420.000 urang)<br />'''[[Malaysia]]''' ({{Flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]]: 480.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]]: 240.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]]: 150.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]]: 120.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]]: 90.000 urang) | languages = {{hlist|[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]] (Malayu Jambi)|[[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]]}} | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups = [[Urang Malayu|Malayu]] | pop1 = 3.120.000 | pop2 = 1.080.000 | region1 = {{Flag|Indonesia}} | region2 = {{Flag|Malaysia}} }} [[File:NH JBI.jpg|thumb|235px|Wakil-wakil 'Bujang' (anak lanang) wan 'Gadis' (anak bini) matan Prupinsi Jambi nampak mamakai pakaian adat Malayu Jambi basamaan lawan Nurdin Halid.]] '''Urang Jambi''', atawa '''urang Malayu Jambi''',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Putra|first=Agusti|date=2019|title=SEJARAH MELAYU JAMBI DARI ABAD 7 SAMPAI ABAD 20|url=https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/twt/article/view/1549|journal=Tsaqofah Dan Tarikh|doi=10.29300/ttjksi.v3i1.1549|access-date=12 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=16 Pibuari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216111819/https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/twt/article/view/1549|url-status=dead}}</ref> ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu Jambi}}, [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}}) adalah sabuah kalompok etnis pribumi nang barasal matan prupinsi [[Jambi]]. Buhannya baisi di daerah Kuta Jambi, Kabupatin Muaro Jambi, Tanjung Jabung, Batanghari, wan Bungo-Tebo, jua sabagian Sarko.{{sfn|Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia|p=137-138}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web|url=https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1107/1/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|title=Penduduk Menurut Administrasi dan Suku Bangsa|date=2000|website=jambi.bps.go.id|accessdate=12 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=28 Nupimbir 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128091218/https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1107/1/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dusun-dusun buhannya baandak jauh-jauh, lawan rumah-rumah nang dibangun di subalah sungai-sungai nang ganal atawa halus. == Liat jua == * [[Urang Malayu Indunisia]] * [[Urang Malayu Riau]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Tumbung:Malayu|Jambi]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia|Malayu Jambi]] iz6fj8553e375uvvgroo2dmowopvn1q 115948 115947 2026-11-12T10:41:19Z ~2026-59397-43 18105 /* */ 115948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Malayu Jambi | native_name = ''Orang Melayu Jambi''<br>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}} | image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee hoofden van Sarolangun in traditionele adatkostuums Jambi Oost-Sumatra TMnr 10002780.jpg | image_caption = | popplace = '''[[Indunisia]]''' ({{Flag|Jambi}}: 1.200.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Riau Islands.svg}} Kapulauan Riau: 900.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flag|Riau}}: 600.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg}} Sumatera Salatan: 420.000 urang)<br />'''[[Malaysia]]''' ({{Flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor, Malaysia|Johor]]: 480.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malaka, Malaysia|Malaka]]: 240.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Slangor, Malaysia|Slangor]]: 150.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia|Nagari Sambilan]]: 120.000 urang<br>{{•}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang, Malaysia|Pahang]]: 90.000 urang) | languages = {{hlist|[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]] (Malayu Jambi)|[[Basa Indunisia|Indunisia]]}} | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups = [[Urang Malayu|Malayu]] | pop1 = 3.120.000 | pop2 = 1.080.000 | region1 = {{Flag|Indonesia}} | region2 = {{Flag|Malaysia}} }} [[File:NH JBI.jpg|thumb|235px|Wakil-wakil 'Bujang' (anak lanang) wan 'Gadis' (anak bini) matan Prupinsi Jambi nampak mamakai pakaian adat Malayu Jambi basamaan lawan Nurdin Halid.]] '''Urang Jambi''', atawa '''urang Malayu Jambi''',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Putra|first=Agusti|date=2019|title=SEJARAH MELAYU JAMBI DARI ABAD 7 SAMPAI ABAD 20|url=https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/twt/article/view/1549|journal=Tsaqofah Dan Tarikh|doi=10.29300/ttjksi.v3i1.1549|access-date=12 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=16 Pibuari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216111819/https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/twt/article/view/1549|url-status=dead}}</ref> ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu Jambi}}, [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|ملايو جامبي/ملايو جمبي}}) adalah sabuah kalompok etnis pribumi nang barasal matan prupinsi [[Jambi]], [[Indunisia]]. Buhannya baisi di daerah Kuta Jambi, Kabupatin Muaro Jambi, Tanjung Jabung, Batanghari, wan Bungo-Tebo, jua sabagian Sarko.{{sfn|Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia|p=137-138}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web|url=https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1107/1/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|title=Penduduk Menurut Administrasi dan Suku Bangsa|date=2000|website=jambi.bps.go.id|accessdate=12 Nupimbir 2026|archive-date=28 Nupimbir 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128091218/https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1107/1/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dusun-dusun buhannya baandak jauh-jauh, lawan rumah-rumah nang dibangun di subalah sungai-sungai nang ganal atawa halus. == Liat jua == * [[Urang Malayu Indunisia]] * [[Urang Malayu Riau]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Tumbung:Malayu|Jambi]] [[Tumbung:Bubuhan étnis di Indunisia|Malayu Jambi]] 9o8uh5pym4wmjy5woodi1nii5q1gxvr