Rummad:Rummad pennañ

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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Rummad pennañ</title>
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      <text bytes="123" sha1="a5jv8vo7s2qdqzs9itc227spmiomimm" xml:space="preserve">Amañ e vez renablet ar rummadoù ha n'int ket isrummadoù, da lavaret eo ar '''rummadoù pennañ'''.
{{Commonscat|Topics}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Politikerezh</title>
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      <text bytes="96" sha1="t7txcamd4rt41n1ya4vx8zglqkq8ep5" xml:space="preserve">{{pennad pennañ|Politikerezh}}
{{Commonscat|Politics}}

[[Rummad:Istor]]
[[Rummad:Kevredigezh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Douaroniezh</title>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="200" sha1="ta6htlhss4754mhxlwcono18pxvlyd0" xml:space="preserve">Ur skiant evit deskrivañ an [[Douar]] hag ar [[kevredigezh|gevredigezhioù]] o vevañ warni, eo an [[Douaroniezh]].
{{Commonscat|Geography}}

[[Rummad:Skiantoù an Douar]]
[[Rummad:Skiantoù sokial]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Pennad eus an dibab</title>
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      <text bytes="711" sha1="l1fyh8287mvdd52im0gzqm7tn2p5qzg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
{| class=&quot;WSerieH&quot; id=&quot;pennad eus an dibab&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#f7f8ff; width:80%; text-align:justify; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width:2px; border-bottom-width:2px; margin-top:10px;&quot;
|-
| [[Skeudenn:Wikimedal.png|30px]]
| style=&quot;padding-left: 10px&quot; | Anvet eo bet ar pennad-mañ da ''bennad eus an dibab'' dre ma tegas brud vat da [[Wikipedia]], an holloueziadur frank, hollvedel ha digoust. Evit gouzout hiroc'h sellit ouzh [[Wikipedia:Pennadoù eus an dibab#{{PAGENAME}}|roll ar pennadoù eus an dibab]].
|}
[[Rummad:Pennadoù eus an dibab]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Rummad:Pennadoù eus an dibab|!]]
[[Rummad:Patromoù pennadoù eus an dibab]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Lazhadegoù</title>
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      <text bytes="84" sha1="03x7oukzeh166wpmiiiezrfjr5irsdx" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Massacres}}

[[Rummad:Darvoudoù]]
[[Rummad:Torfedoù]]
[[Rummad:Marv]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akaeg</title>
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      <text bytes="499" sha1="miwrnv7p3useg9ib2drbs38acgqm4uf" xml:space="preserve">Ur [[Yezhoù nilez-saharek|yezh nilez-saharek]] eus skourr [[yezhoù soudanek ar c'hreiz]] eo an '''akaeg''' (''aka'' pe ''silak'') komzet e reter [[Soudan]] gant un nebeud kantadoù a dud nemetken er bloavezhioù 90.

Levezonet-don eo bet ar [[yezh]]-mañ gant ar [[berteg]].

Ur [[yezh en arvar]] da vont da get an hini eo.


==Gwelet ivez==
* [[Yezhoù nilez-saharek]]
* [[Yezhoù jebelek ar reter]]

[[Rummad:Meneger yezhoù ar bed]]
[[Rummad:Yezhoù Soudan]]
[[Rummad:Yezhoù jebelek ar reter]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Ergerzherezh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <text bytes="134" sha1="pjhm61fv7wre377lastq2of9t6dpszm" xml:space="preserve">Er rummad-mañ emañ renket ar pennadoù a denn da '''ergerzh''' ar blanedenn hag an egor
{{Commonscat|Exploration}}

[[Rummad:Istor]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Liorzhoù Japan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>8350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194675</id>
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      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <text bytes="86" sha1="d3l577airynmf99t3ulj4dp5cqsak44" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Japanese gardens}}

[[Rummad:Liorzhoù|Japan]]
[[Rummad:Sevenadur Japan]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Korfadurezh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="121" sha1="llc7rqhi6c9dqcdmlrfe3w4wjhwiyrr" xml:space="preserve">{{pennañ|Korfadurezh}}
{{Commons|Category:Anatomy}}
{{Commonscat|Anatomy}}

[[Rummad:Medisinerezh]]
[[Rummad:Bevoniezh]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Istor Turkia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>8659</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194647</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:55:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <text bytes="86" sha1="6803wqpzbepkskxb9ndw20njt88wgef" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|History of Turkey}}

[[Rummad:Istor ar broioù|Turkia]]
[[Rummad:Turkia]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Germaned</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>9234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194642</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:53:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="jtzzv5s7qfwbhfxhyoqxrgq4epejdpf" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Ancient Germanic peoples}}

[[Rummad:Istor Europa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Pajennoù da ziziverkañ</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:22:00Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Dakbzh</username>
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      <comment>/* Goulennoù d'ober war o zro */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3750" sha1="qrzodwuo4y01rf32cpev79s77awhu3f" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{{Wikipedia:Goulenn ouzh ar verourien/Taolenn}}
Savet eo bet ar bajenn-mañ evit goulenn ma vo adsavet (diziverket) ur bajenn bet diverket. Evit goulenn un dra bennak all ouzh ar verourien, klikit [[Wikipedia:Merourien|amañ]].
= Implijout ar bajenn-mañ =
Gant ar [[Wikipedia:Merourien|verourien]] e vez diverket ar pajennoù. 

Peurliesañ eo reizh an divizoù, diouzh [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ|politikerezh an diverkañ pajennoù]] ha ne vez ket tabutet diwarno. Koulskoude e c'hall c'hoarvezout e vefe peadra da dabutal. Moarvat e c'hallo [[m:deletion management redesign]] diskoulmañ kudennoù a denn d'an diverkañ pajennoù a-wechoù.

Savet eo bet ar bajenn-mañ evit ma c'hallfe an implijerien n'int ket merourien tabutal war pajennoù bet diverket peogwir e soñjer eo bet direizh o diverkañ pe peogwir n'eo ket bet kelaouet ar saver anezho e oant e riskl da vezañ diverket pe c'hoazh peogwir n'int ket bet diverket evel m'eo dleet en ur heuliañ an hent bet diazezet evit se (gwelet [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ]]).&lt;br&gt;
Emichañs e chomo goullo ar bajenn-mañ ha ne vo ket implijet nemeur, pa ne vo ket kavet abeg er pajennoù bet diverket.

Gras d'ar bajenn-mañ e c'hall ar verourien bezañ un tamm [[meta:be bold|kadarnoc'h]] en o folitikerezh diverkañ ivez&amp;nbsp;; daoust da se e vo degaset da soñj eo skoemp a-walc'h mont da adsevel pennadoù bet diverket. Setu e chom kizidik a-walc'h an afer.

Setu an doare : mar fell deoc'h e vefe diziverket ur pennad bennak, lakait e anv war ar bajenn-mañ. Adsavet e vo gant ur merour hag enskrivet e vo gantañ adarre war [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ]]. D'ar mare-se e vo lec'h da eskemm frankoc'h. Goude an eskemm e vo divizet ha miret pe diverket en-dro e vo ar pennad.
* Sellet ouzh ar votoù diverkañ pajennoù : [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ|war ober]] - [[:rummad:Wikipedia:Dielloù pajennoù da nullañ|dielloù]]
* Sellet ouzh ar goulennoù diverkañ war ar prim : [[Wikipedia:Goulenn diverkañ raktal|war ober]] - [[Wikipedia:Goulenn diverkañ raktal/Dielloù|dielloù]]
* [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da ziziverkañ/Dielloù|Sellet ouzh an dielloù]]
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| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:1.7em;&quot;&gt;[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:Pajennoù da ziziverkañ|action=edit&amp;section=new}} Goulenn ma vo adsavet ur bajenn bet diverket]&lt;/span&gt;
|}
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__TOC__
= Goulennoù bet respontet dezho =
{{WP:RA/Notenn:Goulennoù bet respontet dezho}}

= Goulennoù distaolet =
{{WP:RA/Notenn:Goulennoù distaolet}}

== Alexandre Scheuer ==
[[Alexandre Scheuer]], politikour lec'hiel, anavezet e korn-bro An Oriant hepken.
: {{ping|Dakbzh}} N’eo ket bet diverket ar bajenn-mañ, neuze ne c’hell ket bezañ diziverket. Emichañs emout o klask [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ]]. Ne zilec’hian ket da c’houlenn aze peogwir n’am eus ket c’hoant reiñ da soñjal e rafen ar goulennoù hag ar respontoù. [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 11 Ebr 2022 da 08:27 (UTC)

:Demat. Faziet on, diverkañ a faote din lâret. [[Implijer:Dakbzh|Dakbzh]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Dakbzh|kaozeal]]) 11 Ebr 2022 da 11:20 (UTC)

= Goulennoù war studi =
{{WP:RA/Notenn:Goulennoù war studi}}

= Goulennoù d'ober war o zro =
{{WP:RA/Notenn:Goulennoù d'ober war o zro}}
[[Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)]]. Pa c'hello unan bennak diverkañ mar plij ar pennad gant M bras e &quot;Maouezi&quot;. Trugarez en a-raok. A galon.[[Implijer:Dakbzh|Dakbzh]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Dakbzh|kaozeal]]) 6 Gouere 2026 da 09:21 (UTC)
[[Rummad:Ober war-dro ar pennadoù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Rummad:Merañ Wikipedia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</text>
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{{Wikipedia:Goulenn ouzh ar verourien/Taolenn}}
Savet eo bet ar bajenn-mañ evit goulenn ma vo adsavet (diziverket) ur bajenn bet diverket. Evit goulenn un dra bennak all ouzh ar verourien, klikit [[Wikipedia:Merourien|amañ]].
= Implijout ar bajenn-mañ =
Gant ar [[Wikipedia:Merourien|verourien]] e vez diverket ar pajennoù. 

Peurliesañ eo reizh an divizoù, diouzh [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ|politikerezh an diverkañ pajennoù]] ha ne vez ket tabutet diwarno. Koulskoude e c'hall c'hoarvezout e vefe peadra da dabutal. Moarvat e c'hallo [[m:deletion management redesign]] diskoulmañ kudennoù a denn d'an diverkañ pajennoù a-wechoù.

Savet eo bet ar bajenn-mañ evit ma c'hallfe an implijerien n'int ket merourien tabutal war pajennoù bet diverket peogwir e soñjer eo bet direizh o diverkañ pe peogwir n'eo ket bet kelaouet ar saver anezho e oant e riskl da vezañ diverket pe c'hoazh peogwir n'int ket bet diverket evel m'eo dleet en ur heuliañ an hent bet diazezet evit se (gwelet [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ]]).&lt;br&gt;
Emichañs e chomo goullo ar bajenn-mañ ha ne vo ket implijet nemeur, pa ne vo ket kavet abeg er pajennoù bet diverket.

Gras d'ar bajenn-mañ e c'hall ar verourien bezañ un tamm [[meta:be bold|kadarnoc'h]] en o folitikerezh diverkañ ivez&amp;nbsp;; daoust da se e vo degaset da soñj eo skoemp a-walc'h mont da adsevel pennadoù bet diverket. Setu e chom kizidik a-walc'h an afer.

Setu an doare : mar fell deoc'h e vefe diziverket ur pennad bennak, lakait e anv war ar bajenn-mañ. Adsavet e vo gant ur merour hag enskrivet e vo gantañ adarre war [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ]]. D'ar mare-se e vo lec'h da eskemm frankoc'h. Goude an eskemm e vo divizet ha miret pe diverket en-dro e vo ar pennad.
* Sellet ouzh ar votoù diverkañ pajennoù : [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ|war ober]] - [[:rummad:Wikipedia:Dielloù pajennoù da nullañ|dielloù]]
* Sellet ouzh ar goulennoù diverkañ war ar prim : [[Wikipedia:Goulenn diverkañ raktal|war ober]] - [[Wikipedia:Goulenn diverkañ raktal/Dielloù|dielloù]]
* [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da ziziverkañ/Dielloù|Sellet ouzh an dielloù]]
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{| align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 2px solid #3366BB; background:#FFF0FF;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:1.7em;&quot;&gt;[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:Pajennoù da ziziverkañ|action=edit&amp;section=new}} Goulenn ma vo adsavet ur bajenn bet diverket]&lt;/span&gt;
|}
&lt;/div&gt;

__TOC__
= Goulennoù bet respontet dezho =

== Alexandre Scheuer ==
[[Alexandre Scheuer]], politikour lec'hiel, anavezet e korn-bro An Oriant hepken.
: {{ping|Dakbzh}} N’eo ket bet diverket ar bajenn-mañ, neuze ne c’hell ket bezañ diziverket. Emichañs emout o klask [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da nullañ]]. Ne zilec’hian ket da c’houlenn aze peogwir n’am eus ket c’hoant reiñ da soñjal e rafen ar goulennoù hag ar respontoù. [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 11 Ebr 2022 da 08:27 (UTC)

:Demat. Faziet on, diverkañ a faote din lâret. [[Implijer:Dakbzh|Dakbzh]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Dakbzh|kaozeal]]) 11 Ebr 2022 da 11:20 (UTC)

== [[Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)]]==
[[Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)]]. Pa c'hello unan bennak diverkañ mar plij ar pennad gant M bras e &quot;Maouezi&quot;. Trugarez en a-raok. A galon.[[Implijer:Dakbzh|Dakbzh]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Dakbzh|kaozeal]]) 6 Gouere 2026 da 09:21 (UTC)

= Goulennoù distaolet =

= Goulennoù war studi =

= Goulennoù d'ober war o zro =

[[Rummad:Ober war-dro ar pennadoù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Rummad:Merañ Wikipedia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</text>
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    <title>Rummad:Pennadoù eus an dibab</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Titouroù diwar-benn ar patrom</title>
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      <text bytes="1244" sha1="rufj1ok90dxo0gqeisaazk0hdt7wafv" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=all&gt;
----


&lt;div class=&quot;alerte&quot; id=&quot;style2&quot;&gt;
{|
|[[Skeudenn:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|40px]]
|Amañ dindan e kavot an titouroù hoc'h eus ezhomm da gaout evit implijout evel m'eo dleet ar patrom &quot;{{PAGENAME}}&quot;. Tu zo deoc'h sellet ouzh [[Wikipedia:Patromoù|roll ar patromoù]] ivez. Ma n'ouzit ket da betra servij ur patrom, sellit [[Skoazell:Patrom|amañ]].

&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''M'emaoc'h o paouez krouiñ ar patrom-mañ, na zisoñjit ket stagañ ur [[:Rummad:Patrom|rummad]] outañ !''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

|}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;


;implij &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
Evit lakaat titouroù diwar-benn ur patrom, eilit ha pegit ar c'hod a-is e tarzh ur patrom bennak :

&lt;pre&gt;
&amp;#x003c;noinclude&amp;#x003e;
{{Titouroù diwar-benn ar patrom}}
;Implij &amp;#x003c;nowiki&amp;#x003e;:&amp;#x03c;/nowiki&amp;#x003e;
;Ereadur &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;#x003c;nowiki&amp;#x003e;{{}}&amp;#x03c;/nowiki&amp;#x003e;
;Adstummoù &amp;#x003c;nowiki&amp;#x003e;:&amp;#x03c;/nowiki&amp;#x003e; 
;Gwelet ivez &amp;#x003c;nowiki&amp;#x003e;:&amp;#x03c;/nowiki&amp;#x003e;

;[[Rummad:anv_rummad_ar_patrom|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;subst:PAGENAME&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
&amp;#x003c;/noinclude&amp;#x003e;
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Gwelet ivez &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; 
[[Skoazell:Patrom]]

[[Rummad:Kemennoù diwall pad|Titouroù diwar-benn ar patrom]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Fizik ar c'hwanta</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>10063</id>
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      <text bytes="84" sha1="7ajlyiuh084bp4w7m56obtoa2zvdh9m" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--Rummadoù--&gt;

&lt;!--Etrewiki--&gt;
{{Commonscat|Quantum mechanics}}

[[Rummad:Fizik]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Hungaria</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Hungaria]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Europa|Hungaria]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù pe gumunioù dre vro|Hungaria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Nevezenti</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>2194608</id>
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      <text bytes="389" sha1="mnorgkfc222d8yxjeltdf1n8ygjdw5b" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;messagebox current&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;
|-
| [[Skeudenn:Current event marker.png|50px| ]]
| '''Tennañ a ra ar pennad-mañ d'un darvoud pe d'ur c'heloù o c'hoarvezout er bed a-hiziv.''' &lt;br&gt; &lt;small&gt;Kemmañ buan a c'hell ober ar c'heleier zo er pennad-mañ tra ma kemm an darvoudoù a denn dezho.&lt;/small&gt;
|}&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Rummad:Nevezenti]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Lennegezh rusianek</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>11106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194671</id>
      <parentid>2116463</parentid>
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      <text bytes="99" sha1="4nkuth48si2z8sau9dfm64hoqh99nwq" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Russian literature}}

[[Rummad:Lennegezh hervez ar yezh|rusianeg]]
[[Rummad:Rusianeg]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dinedin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194574</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:25:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ar choler</username>
        <id>52661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>poblañs 2024</comment>
      <origin>2194574</origin>
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      <text bytes="5723" sha1="35g9x8kecppfsdw2xfw2dlbkcgrirvw" xml:space="preserve">{{LabourAChom}}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
{{Infobox/Titl|Dinedin|abcdef|talbenn map|000}}
|-
! style=&quot;background: #f0f0f0;width: 145px;&quot; | [[Restr:Edinburgh (Location).png|125px|Lec'hiañ Dinedin]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Lec'hiañ Dinedin&lt;/small&gt;
! style=&quot;background: #f0f0f0;width: 145px;&quot; | [[Restr:Coat of Arms of the Edinburgh City Council.svg|150px|Skoed-Ardamez Dinedin]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Skoed-Ardamez Dinedin&lt;/small&gt; 
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|[[Riez]]
|[[Rouantelezh Unanet Breizh-Veur ha Norzhiwerzhon]]
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Bro 
| [[Skos]] 
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Kod post
| EH-1 - EH-17
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Kod pellgomz
| (44) 131
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Maer
| Lesley Hinds (sokialour)
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Gorread
| 262 km²
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Hed
| 03° 53′ R
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Led
| 44° 95′N 
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Uhelder
| keitat: 41m 
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Poblañs hep kontoù doubl
| {{formatnum:530680}} &lt;small&gt;''(2024)''&lt;/small&gt; 
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| Stankter
|1 727/km²
|-
|}
[[Restr:Hereford Mappa Mundi detail Britain.jpg|thumb|Din-Edin war-dro ar bloavezh 1300]]
'''Din-Edin'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Din-Edin]] e [[Geriadur Hemon-Huon]] ha [[Geriadur Al Liamm]]. &lt;/ref&gt;, ''Dùn Èideann'' ({{LFE|[t̪un ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ]}}) e gouezeleg, hag ''Edinburgh'' e saozneg, zo ur gêr war aod reter [[Skos]], hag he [[kêr-benn|c'hêr-benn]] eo abaoe [[1492]]. Sez [[Parlamant Skos]] adsavet e [[1999]] eo. Da {{formatnum:530680}} a dud e save he foblañs da vare niveradeg [[2024]] (eil kêr Skos eo goude [[Glasc'ho]]).

War an uhel emañ [[Kastell Dinedin]] a oa bet savet e ziazez ken abred hag er {{VIIvet kantved}}. Met adalek an {{XIvet kantved}} eo e voe savet an annez roueel-se a-barzh dont da vezañ ur gwall-greñvlec'h er {{XVIvet kantved}}.

[[Restr:Edinburgh from the Illustrated London News 1868.jpg|thumb|left|Dinedin tennet eus ''the Illustrated London News'' e [[1868]]]]
Frankaet e voe Dinedin e [[1329]] ha savet e voe mogerioù kreñv en-dro dezhi er {{XVvet kantved}}. Goude faezhadenn Floden (1513) a-enep ar Saozon e voe divizet gant bourc'hizien kêr sevel un eil moger dro, a vez graet ''moger Floden'' anezhi, evit diarbenn an tagadennoù da zont. Goude unanidigezh parlamantoù Bro-Skos ha Bro-Saoz ([[1707]]) e kollas ar gêr he fouez politikel met chom a reas ur greizenn armerzhel ha sevenadurel a-bouez. Ouzhpenn ar C'hastell ez eus leizh a lec'hioù dedennus e Dinedin, e-giz ar Royal Botanic Garden, Iliz-Veur Sant-Jili, ar Mirdi broadel, Charlotte Square, ar Scott monument pe c'hoazh ar Royal Museum of Scotland (Mirdi Roueel Skos). Palez Holyrood (Holyrood Palace) eo annez ofisiel ar rouanez pa zeu da chom e kêr. En e gichen emañ savadur nevez Parlamant Bro-Skos adsavet.

[[Restr:Edinburgh-castle.jpg|thumb|Kastell Dinedin]]
Brudet eo Dinedin gant he gouel meur, an hini brasañ er bed, a bad teir sizhun e miz Eost, hag a ginnig e-leizh a arvestoù eus an dibab war an holl dachennoù.

Reiñ a ra bod da unan eus brudetañ skolioù-meur Europa hag ar bed, Skol-Veur Dinedin, a zo e penn a-raok war dachennoù ar stlenneg hag ar melestradur. E Dinedin emañ ivez [[Levraoueg vroadel Skos]] (National Library of Scotland), anezhi levraoueg pouezusañ Skos (hag unan e-touez ar re vrasañ er Rouantelezh-Unanet).

== Armerzh ==
[[Restr:Bank of Scotland HQ.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Ar Bank of Scotland e kreizig-kreiz Dinedin]]
A-holl-viskoazh eo bet Dinedin unan eus brudetañ kêrioù [[Breizh-Veur]]. Abaoe ma voe staliet [[parlamant Skos]] e kêr e [[1999]] eo yac'h armerzh Dinedin a-drugarez da efedoù an digreizennañ-se ha da gresk an enfredoù da heul donedigezh servijoù ar gouarnamant&lt;ref&gt;Krommenn an enfredañ war lec'hienn [https://web.archive.org/web/20160310184615/http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/publications/economic_intelligence_presentation_-_6_october1.pdf Scottish-enterprise]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ouzhpenn se ez eus en em staliet embregerezhioù eno abaoe m'eo bet digoret sez nevez ar gouarnamant. Emañ [[feur an dilabour|feurioù an dilabour]] e-touez ar re izelañ er Rouantelezh Unanet (war-dro 2,4%&lt;ref&gt;Sifr tennet diouzh al lec'hienn [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011191337/http://www.edinburghbrand.com/news/information/ Edinburghbrand]&lt;/ref&gt;) hag ar feurioù krouiñ labour e-touez ar re uhelañ. Kreskiñ buan a ra poblañs Dinedin, dreist-holl a-drugarez da enbroerezh tud deuet eus ar peurrest eus ar [[Rouantelezh Unanet]] peurgetket. Koulskoude e pouez kalz ar c'hresk bras-se war an douaroù en tachad glas tro-dro da Zinedin, dreist-holl er c'hornôg e lec'h m'en em led fonnus an embregerezhioù hag an tiez-annez.

Diazezet eo ar pep brasañ eus armerzh Dinedin war gennad ar servijoù, dreist-holl en-dro d'an [[touristerezh]], servijoù an arc'hant, an deskadurezh hag an enklask war dachenn an teknologiezhioù uhel.

== Annezidi vrudet ==
* [[Tony Blair]], politikour ganet er gêr-se
* [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], mezeg ha skrivagner ganet er gêr-se
* [[Sean Connery]], aktour ganet e Dinedin 
* [[James Connolly (Iwerzhon)|James Connolly]], ganet e Dinedin
* [[Shirley Manson]], kanerez ar strollad-seniñ [[Garbage]]
* [[John Napier]], doueoniour ha matematikour, ganet e Dinedin
* [[Ian Rankin]], skrivagner
* [[Joanne Kathleen Rowling]], skrivagnerez
* [[Walter Scott]], skrivagner ganet e Dinedin
* [[Adam Smith]], prederour a gelennas e Skol-Veur Dinedin

== Kêrioù gevellet ==
* {{Frañs}} : [[Nisa]] 
* {{Kanada}} : [[Vancouver]] 
* {{Alamagn}} : [[München]]
* {{Italia}} : [[Firenze]]
* {{Ukraina}} : [[Kiev]]
* {{Danmark}} : [[Aalborg]]
* {{Polonia}} : [[Kraków]]
* {{SUA}} : [[San Diego]]
* {{Zeland-Nevez}} : [[Dunedin]]

== Notennoù ==
{{Daveoù}}

[[Rummad:Glad bedel e Bro-Skos]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Breizh-Veur]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Bro-Skos]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Embann</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <text bytes="77" sha1="pywsgkvoj7ywgf416a6z0ri947ku54q" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Publishing}}

[[Rummad:Skiantoù an Ditour hag al Levraouegoù]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lambaol-Gwitalmeze</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Hizivadur, wikif</comment>
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      <text bytes="4865" sha1="cnooakxayd4agpjnqz0bjmnbdzhxk7q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kumunioù Breizh
 | anv               = Lambaol-Gwitalmeze
 | anvOfisiel = ''Lampaul-Ploudalmézeau''
 | skeudenn          = Mairie_Lampaul_Pld.jpg    
 | alc'hwez          = Ar maerdi hag ar Skol Diwan.
 | ardamezioù        = 
 | bro               = [[Bro-Leon]]
 | departamant       = [[Penn-ar-Bed]]
 | arondisamant      = [[Arondisamant Brest|Brest]]
 | etrekumuniezh     = [[Kumuniezh kumunioù Bro an Hirwazh|KK Bro an Hirwazh]]
 | bro velestradurel = [[Bro Brest]]
 | kanton            = [[kanton Gwitalmeze|Gwitalmeze]]&lt;small&gt; (betek 2015)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [[Kanton Plabenneg|Plabenneg]] &lt;small&gt;(abaoe 2015)&lt;/small&gt;
 | insee             = 29099
 | cp                = 29830
 | maer              = Anne Apprioual
 | amzer-gefridi     = [[2026]]-[[2032]]
 | gorread           = 6.35
 | hedred            = -4.653889
 | ledred            = 48.561111
 | uk                = 
 | ubi               = 0
 | ubr               = 62
 | lec'hienn web     = [https://lampaul-ploudalmezeau.bzh/ Ti-kêr]
}}
'''Lambaol-Gwitalmeze''' a zo ur gumun eus [[Bro-Leon]] e [[kanton Plabenneg]], e departamant [[Penn-ar-Bed]], e gwalarn [[Breizh]].

== Douaroniezh ==

== Brezhoneg ==
=== Ar Brezoneg er Skol ===
* 1934-1936: ar c'huzul-kêr a savas a-du gant ar mennad skignet gant al luskad [[Ar Brezoneg er Skol|Ar Brezoneg er Skol (ABES)]] evit kelennadurezh ar brezhoneg er skol&lt;ref&gt;[[Marsel Guieysse]], ''La langue bretonne : ce qu'elle fut, ce qu'elle est, ce qui se fait pour elle et contre elle'', pajenn 265, Kemper, Nouvelles Éditions Bretonnes, 1936&lt;/ref&gt;.
&lt;gallery&gt;
Plaque_diwan.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
* D'an 23 a viz Mae 1977 e voe digoret ar skol Diwan gentañ er gumun, ur skol-vamm gant pemp bugel hag ur mestr-skol, Denez Abernot enni. Staliet e voe ar skol e savadurioù foran ur skol a oa bet serret pemp bloaz kentoc'h, feurmet digant ar gumun adalek miz Kerzu 1976.

== Istor ==
=== [[Dispac'h Gall]] ===
* Dekred eus ar 26 a viz Du [[1790]] war al le ret: e penn-kentañ [[1791]] e voe nac'het al le ouzh [[Lezenn evit lakaat ar gloer da vezañ keodedourien|ar Roue, ar vro hag al lezennoù]] gant ur c'hure, Calvarin e anv&lt;ref&gt;[[Kristof Jezegoù]], ''Hor Bro e-pad ar Revolusion'', Ti-moullañ Ar Bobl, Karaez, 1915, pajenn 42&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== {{XXvet kantved}} ===
==== [[Brezel-bed kentañ]] ====
* Mervel a reas 35 gwaz ag ar gumun, eleze 5,04% eus he foblañs e 1911, abalamour d'ar brezel&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=16739&amp;dpt=29 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== [[Eil brezel-bed]] ==== 
* Mervel a reas pevar den ag ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=16739&amp;dpt=29 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Brezelioù didrevadennañ ====
===== [[Brezel Indez-Sina]] =====
* Mervel a reas  tri milour eus ar gumun&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=16739&amp;dpt=29 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.

===== [[Brezel Aljeria]] =====
* Mervel a reas ur soudard eus ar gumun d’an [[27 a viz Ebrel]] [[1960]] e Vialar  (departamant [[Tiaret]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/complementter.php?id=6420048 Fichenn hiniennel - Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Monumantoù ha traoù heverk ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
24 Eglise Lampaul Ploudalmézeau.jpg|An iliz katolik.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
* Iliz katolik ''Sant Paol-Aorelian''.
* Monumant ar re varv, luc’hskeudenn&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=16739 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427195331/https://www.memorialgenweb.fr/phototek/index.php/29/16739 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt; . Ouzhpennet e voe pemp anv d’an [[11 a viz Du]] [[2018]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://monumentsmorts.univ-lille.fr/monument/28437/lampaul-ploudalmezeau-cimetierecommunal/ Université de Lille]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;Le Télégramme’’,  [[22 a viz Du]] [[2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Emdroadur ar boblañs abaoe 1962 ==
{{Demografiezh
|titl=Niver a annezidi 
|dimx= 
|dimy= 
|popmax=900
|passo1=100
|passo2=50
|bl1=1962 
|bl2=1968 
|bl3=1975 
|bl4=1982 
|bl5=1990 
|bl6=1999 
|bl7=2006
|bl8=2012
|bl9=2013
|p1=594 			 	
|p2=516 
|p3=538 
|p4=548
|p5=595 	
|p6=606
|p7=674
|p8=794
|p9=810
|mammenn=EBSSA 
}}

== Melestradurezh ==

== Tud ==
*[[Biel Elies]]:ar skrivagner brezhoneg-mañ en deus bevet er barrez-mañ ul lodenn vat eus e vugaleaj hag e yaouankiz, ha skrivet en deus meurik a zanevell lec'hiet enni, e-giz &quot;Saout Lambaol&quot; hag &quot;En-dro d'am zour&quot;.

== Gevelliñ ==
== Liammoù diavaez ==
{{Commonscat|Lampaul-Ploudalmézeau}}
* {{br}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080643/http://www.geobreizh.bzh/geobreizh/bre/keriou-fichenn.asp?insee_ville=29099 Lambaol-Gwitalmeze war lec'hienn Geobreizh]

== Notennoù ha daveoù ==
{{Daveoù}}

[[Rummad:Kumunioù Penn-ar-Bed]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù Bro-Leon]]
[[Rummad:Ar Brezoneg er Skol]]</text>
      <sha1>cnooakxayd4agpjnqz0bjmnbdzhxk7q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Landunvez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12045</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194558</id>
      <parentid>2082584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:36:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PAAR29</username>
        <id>91608</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Hizivadur</comment>
      <origin>2194558</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4895" sha1="qcd9xo59lho6hjzv5kbkwwjmrfp52xi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kumunioù Breizh
 | anv               = Landunvez
 | anvOfisiel = ''Landunvez''
 | skeudenn          = 707_Landunvez_mairie.jpg
 | alc'hwez          = An ti-kêr
 | ardamezioù        = 
 | bro               = [[Bro Leon]]
 | departamant       = [[Penn-ar-Bed]]
 | arondisamant      = [[Arondisamant Brest|Brest]]
 | etrekumuniezh     = [[Kumuniezh kumunioù Bro an Hirwazh|KK Bro an Hirwazh]]
 | bro velestradurel = [[Bro Brest]]
 | kanton            = [[kanton Gwitalmeze|Gwitalmeze]]&lt;small&gt; (betek 2015)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/br&gt; [[Kanton Lokournan|Lokournan]] &lt;small&gt;(abaoe 2015)&lt;/small&gt;
 | insee             = 29109
 | cp                = 29840
 | maer              = Christophe Colin 
 | amzer-gefridi     = [[2026]]-[[2032]]
 | gorread           = 13.53
 | hedred            = -4.725556
 | ledred            = 48.533333
 | uk                = 
 | ubi               = 0
 | ubr               = 52
 | lec'hienn web     = [http://www.landunvez.fr/ Ti-kêr]
}}
'''Landunvez''' zo ur gumun e [[Bro-Leon]] e [[kanton Lokournan]], e departamant [[Penn-ar-Bed]], e gwalarn [[Breizh]].

== Douaroniezh ==
[[File:Landunvez 29 Topo.png|thumb|Landunvez]]
*27 km zo eus Landunvez da [[Brest|Vrest]], 17 km eus [[Lokournan]] ha 7 km eus [[Gwitalmeze]].

Porzh an '''Arc'hantell''' ha [[Kersant (Landunvez)|Kersant]] 

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
Le port d'Argenton et le phare du Four en 1873.jpg|Porzh an Arc'hantell e 1873 (luc'hsk. J. Duclos)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Anv ==
* Erwan Vallerie (1995) : ''Landunvez'', e-tro 1330 ; ''Landumez'', 1427 ; ''Landunvez'', 1516 ; ''Landulvez'', 1636 ; ''Landunevez'', 1591.
;Gerdarzh
* An anv a zeu eus ''lann'' ha [[Tunvez]], ar [[peniti]] en anv [[sant]]ez Tunvez (unan eus an unnek mil gwerc'hez, kamaladez da [[santez Ursula]]).

== Istor ==
=== [[Dispac'h Gall]] ===
* Dekred ar 26 a viz Du [[1790]] war al le ret : e penn-kentañ [[1791]] e voe nac'het al le ouzh [[Lezenn evit lakaat ar gloer da vezañ keodedourien|ar Roue, ar vro hag al lezennoù]] gant ar person Roulloin hag ar c'hure Godebert&lt;ref&gt;[[Kristof Jezegoù]], ''Hor Bro e-pad ar Revolusion'', Ti-moullañ Ar Bobl, Karaez, 1915, pajenn 42&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== {{XXvet kantved}} ===
==== [[Brezel-bed kentañ]] ====
* Mervel a reas 71 gwaz ag ar gumun, eleze 3,75% ag he foblañs e 1911, abalamour d'ar brezel&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=12388&amp;dpt=29 Memorial Genweb] &lt;/ref&gt;.
==== [[Eil brezel-bed]] ====
* Un dournijerez alaman [[Breguet Br 521]] Bizerte (kodet KD+BC) a voe distrujet en draezhenn en [[Arc'hantell]] e Landunvez d'an [[9 Du|9 a viz Du]] [[1940]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.absa3945.com/Pertes%20Bretagne/Finistere/pertes_luftwaffe_finistere.html Pertes Luftwaffe Finistère]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* D'an [[30 a viz Kerzu]] [[1942]] e kouezhas ur c'harr-nij [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17]]F-30-BO (marilhet 42-5078 ha kodet KY-C) eus [[aerlu]] ar Stadoù-Unanet (''[[United States Army Air Forces]]'') er mor e Beg Tremazan e Landunvez; ne voe ket adkavet e nijourion&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.absa3945.com/Pertes%20Bretagne/Finistere/pertes_usaaf_finistere.html Pertes USAAF Finistère]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Monumantoù ha traoù heverk ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
Château de Trémazan vu de la mer.jpg|[[Kastell Tremazan]]
708_Landunvez_église.jpg|Iliz katolik ''Sant Konwal'', 1875-1876-1883
705_Chapelle_Saint-Gonvel.jpg|Chapel ''Sant Konwal''
10_Samson_C.jpg|Chapel ''Sant Samzun'', 1785
Monument_aux_morts_-_Landunvez-29.jpg|Monumant ar re varv&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=12388 Luc'hskeudenn.]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Emdroadur ar boblañs abaoe 1962 ==
{{Demografiezh
|titl=Niver a annezidi
|dimx=
|dimy=
|popmax=1600
|passo1=200
|passo2=50
|bl1=1962
|bl2=1968
|bl3=1975
|bl4=1982
|bl5=1990
|bl6=1999
|bl7=2006
|bl8=2012
|bl9=2013
|bl10=2021
|p1=1535
|p2=1391
|p3=1248
|p4=1315
|p5=1359
|p6=1345
|p7=1334
|p8=1462
|p9=1472
|p10=1518
|mammenn=EBSSA
}}

== Tud ==
=== Ardamezeg ar familhoù ===
{|
|-
|[[Restr:Beaudiez.gif|60px]]
|
:;Beaudiez
:Aotrounez al lec'h-se
:''En aour e deir zreustell gommek en glazur, leinet gant ur velchonenn ivez en glazur ouzh konk dehou.''
|}

== Gevelliñ ==
*[[Bradninch]], {{Devon}}, {{Bro-Saoz}} (1978)

== Liammoù diavaez ==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{br}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080427/http://www.geobreizh.bzh/geobreizh/bre/keriou-fichenn.asp?insee_ville=29109 Landunvez war lec'hienn Geobreizh]
* [http://tremazan.lepla.com/ Lec'hienn ar gevredigezh ''SOS château de Trémazan'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090608161137/http://www.festivaldelamer.com/ Lec'hienn ar gevredigezh festivaldelamer]

== Notennoù ha daveoù ==
{{Daveoù}}

[[Rummad:Kumunioù Penn-ar-Bed]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù Bro-Leon]]
[[Rummad:Nijerezioù alaman aet d'ar strad e Breizh e-pad an Eil brezel-bed]]
[[Rummad:Nijerezioù SUA aet d'ar strad e Breizh e-pad an Eil brezel-bed]]</text>
      <sha1>qcd9xo59lho6hjzv5kbkwwjmrfp52xi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Volkanegezh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>12234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194707</id>
      <parentid>2037795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:10:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="52" sha1="87awax0wl326hl9r5jgxqm7f84rxz2b" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Volcanology}}

[[Rummad:Volkanouriezh]]</text>
      <sha1>87awax0wl326hl9r5jgxqm7f84rxz2b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Pobloù</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>12633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194692</id>
      <parentid>1466657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:06:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <text bytes="51" sha1="h2j7ciutntw3znax1rjk9ug150zcft9" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Denoniezh]]
[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Mab-den]]</text>
      <sha1>h2j7ciutntw3znax1rjk9ug150zcft9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Sveden</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>13350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194667</id>
      <parentid>2037797</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:00:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <text bytes="144" sha1="n9o5ksk4ucds0rw8gvv8u3lftukvh23" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cities in Sweden}}

[[Rummad:Kêrioù Europa|Sveden]]
[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Sveden]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù pe gumunioù dre vro|Sveden]]</text>
      <sha1>n9o5ksk4ucds0rw8gvv8u3lftukvh23</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Boestoù implijerien</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>13970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194628</id>
      <parentid>2037799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:50:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <text bytes="164" sha1="h87pyq795m8o9yg3qd9wcbzhrsqsoxy" xml:space="preserve">Amañ e kavit ar boestoù implijer a c'hell bezañ implijet gant tout an dud evit en em ginnig war e bajenn bersonel.

[[Rummad:Patromoù]]
[[Rummad:Wikipedourien]]</text>
      <sha1>h87pyq795m8o9yg3qd9wcbzhrsqsoxy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Morioù</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15178</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194686</id>
      <parentid>1503846</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:05:15Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <text bytes="35" sha1="q5p3epadvpf0o78uu6nbtow5pyajtk0" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Seas}}

[[Rummad:Mor]]</text>
      <sha1>q5p3epadvpf0o78uu6nbtow5pyajtk0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Commonscat</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>15525</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194577</id>
      <parentid>1516893</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:18Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="127" sha1="9zpuwn32024mm7xnvrnp4y56hmkhx32" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons|Category:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Rummad:Patromoù InterWiki|CommonsCat]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9zpuwn32024mm7xnvrnp4y56hmkhx32</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194505</id>
      <parentid>2183659</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T12:05:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Maer aet da Anaon.</comment>
      <origin>2194505</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5455" sha1="q1nwloygyg54f7m6lhomcohx731t2b3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kumunioù Breizh
 | anv               = Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur
 | anvOfisiel        = ''Locmaria''
 | skeudenn          = Belle-Ile Port-Andro.jpg 
 | alc'hwez          = An aod e Porzh an Dro.
 | ardamezioù        = 
 | bro               = [[Bro-Gwened]]
 | departamant       = [[Mor-Bihan]]
 | arondisamant      = [[Arondisamant an Oriant|an Oriant]]
 | etrekumuniezh     = [[Kumuniezh kumunioù ar Gerveur]]
 | bro velestradurel = [[Bro an Alre]]
 | kanton            = [[Kanton Kiberen|Kiberen]]
 | cp                = 56360
 | maer              = Dominique Rousselot
 | amzer-gefridi     = 2020- Gouhere 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/morbihan/a-belle-ile-le-maire-de-locmaria-dominique-rousselot-est-decede-f62851ea-7834-11f1-980a-970130a57304?utm_content=photo&amp;utm_term=ouestfrance.lorient&amp;utm_campaign=facebook&amp;utm_source=nonli&amp;utm_medium=Social &quot;[[Ouest-France]]&quot;, d'ar 5 a viz Gouhere 2026.
 | gorread           = 20.55
 | hedred            = -3.0825
 | ledred            = 47.295
 | uk                = 40
 | ubi               = 0
 | ubr               = 73
 | lec'hienn web     = {{fr}}[http://www.locmaria-belle-ile.com/ locmaria-belle-ile.com]
}}
'''Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur''' a zo unan eus ar peder c'humun a zo en [[Enez ar Gerveur]] e [[Breizh]], e departamant ar [[Mor-Bihan]].
== Douaroniezh ==
[[Restr:ArGerveur4.jpg|thumb|300px]]
* Er [[Ar Gerveur|Gerveur]] emañ Lokmaria.
== Istor ==
=== {{XIvet kantved}} ===
* Parrez kozh ar Gerveur (ploue), diazezet gant leaned [[Abati ar Groaz Santel e Kemperle|abati Kroaz-Santel Kemperle]] en {{XIvet kantved}}.
=== [[Dispac'h Gall]] ===
* Melestradurezh: krouet e voe kumun Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur e 1790. Gant al lezenn eus an 23 a viz Eost 1790 e voe lakaet e [[Kanton Porzh-Lae (1790)|kanton Porzh-Lae]]; e [[distrig an Alre]] e oa; gant lezenn an ''8 pluviôse an IX'' ([[28 Genver|28 a viz Genver]] [[1801]]), dezhi an titl ''loi portant réduction du nombre de justices de paix'', e voe miret ar c'hanton dindan anv [[kanton ar Gerveur]]; lakaet e voe Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur en [[arondisamant an Oriant]] e 1800&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}Robert Bouvier, Bernard Le Montagner, Alain Revoy ha Dominique Reynaud, ''Histoire de la Poste dans le Morbihan'', Embannadurioù Liv'Editions, ar Faoued, 2006, pajenn 175&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=19781 Cassini - EHESS - Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur - Fichenn ar gumun]&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== {{XXvet kantved}} ===
==== [[Brezel-bed kentañ]] ==== 
* Mervel a reas 50 gwaz eus ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel, da lavaret eo 3,25 % eus he foblañs e 1911&lt;ref name=&quot;memorialgenweb.org&quot;&gt;{{fr}}[http://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?insee=56116&amp;dpt=56&amp;idsource=10891&amp;table=bp02 Monumant ar re varv]&lt;/ref&gt;. 
==== [[Eil brezel-bed]] ==== 
* D'an [[28 Mezheven|28 a viz Even]] [[1943]] e kouezhas ur c'harr-nij eus [[aerlu]] [[SUA]] (''[[United States Army Air Forces]]'') e Lokmaria; lazhet e voe pemp nijour&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=992825&amp;dpt=56 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* E [[Sankenn an Oriant]] edo Lokmaria&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[[Roger Leroux]], ''Le Morbihan en guerre 1939-1945'', Imprimerie de la Manutention, Mayenne, 1991, pajenn 587&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Dieubet e voe ar gumun d'an 10 a viz Mae 1945 goude emzaskoridigezh an [[Wehrmacht|Alamaned]]&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[[Roger Leroux]], ''Le Morbihan en guerre 1939-1945'', Imprimerie de la Manutention, Mayenne, 1991, pajenn 622&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mervel a reas c'hwezek den ag ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel&lt;ref name=&quot;memorialgenweb.org&quot;/&gt;.
== Monumantoù ha traoù heverk ==
* Kreñvlec'h Porzh-Maria : siminal.
* Kreñvlec'hioù bihan war an aod.
* Tiez kozh er pennkêrioù (Samzun).
&lt;gallery&gt;
Locmaria eglise.jpg|An iliz katolik.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
* Iliz katolik ''Intron-Varia'' {{XVIvet kantved}}-{{XVIIvet kantved}}, delwenn ar Werc'hez gant ar Mabig Jezuz ({{XVIIIvet kantved}}).
* Monumant ar re varv e-tal an iliz katolik, luc'hskeudennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=14959 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/diapos.php?dpt=56&amp;id_source=14959 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Plakenn ar re varv (1914-1918) en iliz katolik, luc'hskeudennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=47578 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/diapos.php?dpt=56&amp;id_source=47578 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Emdroadur ar boblañs abaoe 1962 ==
{{Demografiezh
|titl=Niver a annezidi 
|dimx= 
|dimy= 
|popmax=1000
|passo1=200
|passo2=50
|bl1=1962 
|bl2=1968 
|bl3=1975 
|bl4=1982 
|bl5=1990 
|bl6=1999 
|bl7=2006
|bl8=2012
|bl9=2022
|p1=634 	 	 		 	
|p2=580
|p3=565
|p4=602 
|p5=618
|p6=705
|p7=784
|p8=837
|p9=973
|mammenn=EBSSA 
}}
== Melestradurezh ==
== Tud ==
===Tud ganet eno===
===Tud marvet eno===
===Tud liammet ouzh ar gumun===
== Gevelliñ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Bro
! Kêr
! Abaoe
|-
|[[Restr:Drapeau arpitan.svg|border|25px]] [[Arpitania]]
|[[Méaudre]]
| 
|}
== Liammoù diavaez ==
{{Commons|Category:Locmaria}}
*{{br}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080646/http://www.geobreizh.bzh/geobreizh/bre/keriou-fichenn.asp?insee_ville=56114 Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur war lec'hienn Geobreizh]
== Dave ha notennoù ==
{{Daveoù}}
[[Rummad:Kumunioù ar Mor-Bihan]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù bet krouet er Mor-Bihan e 1790]]
[[Rummad:Ar Gerveur]]
[[Rummad:Sankenn an Oriant]]</text>
      <sha1>q1nwloygyg54f7m6lhomcohx731t2b3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2194506</id>
      <parentid>2194505</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T12:06:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2194506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5462" sha1="5tan2ic2ytnwg6v3iwh0003q506uvfb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kumunioù Breizh
 | anv               = Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur
 | anvOfisiel        = ''Locmaria''
 | skeudenn          = Belle-Ile Port-Andro.jpg 
 | alc'hwez          = An aod e Porzh an Dro.
 | ardamezioù        = 
 | bro               = [[Bro-Gwened]]
 | departamant       = [[Mor-Bihan]]
 | arondisamant      = [[Arondisamant an Oriant|an Oriant]]
 | etrekumuniezh     = [[Kumuniezh kumunioù ar Gerveur]]
 | bro velestradurel = [[Bro an Alre]]
 | kanton            = [[Kanton Kiberen|Kiberen]]
 | cp                = 56360
 | maer              = Dominique Rousselot
 | amzer-gefridi     = 2020- Gouhere 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/morbihan/a-belle-ile-le-maire-de-locmaria-dominique-rousselot-est-decede-f62851ea-7834-11f1-980a-970130a57304?utm_content=photo&amp;utm_term=ouestfrance.lorient&amp;utm_campaign=facebook&amp;utm_source=nonli&amp;utm_medium=Social &quot;[[Ouest-France]]&quot;, d'ar 5 a viz Gouhere 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;.
 | gorread           = 20.55
 | hedred            = -3.0825
 | ledred            = 47.295
 | uk                = 40
 | ubi               = 0
 | ubr               = 73
 | lec'hienn web     = {{fr}}[http://www.locmaria-belle-ile.com/ locmaria-belle-ile.com]
}}
'''Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur''' a zo unan eus ar peder c'humun a zo en [[Enez ar Gerveur]] e [[Breizh]], e departamant ar [[Mor-Bihan]].
== Douaroniezh ==
[[Restr:ArGerveur4.jpg|thumb|300px]]
* Er [[Ar Gerveur|Gerveur]] emañ Lokmaria.
== Istor ==
=== {{XIvet kantved}} ===
* Parrez kozh ar Gerveur (ploue), diazezet gant leaned [[Abati ar Groaz Santel e Kemperle|abati Kroaz-Santel Kemperle]] en {{XIvet kantved}}.
=== [[Dispac'h Gall]] ===
* Melestradurezh: krouet e voe kumun Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur e 1790. Gant al lezenn eus an 23 a viz Eost 1790 e voe lakaet e [[Kanton Porzh-Lae (1790)|kanton Porzh-Lae]]; e [[distrig an Alre]] e oa; gant lezenn an ''8 pluviôse an IX'' ([[28 Genver|28 a viz Genver]] [[1801]]), dezhi an titl ''loi portant réduction du nombre de justices de paix'', e voe miret ar c'hanton dindan anv [[kanton ar Gerveur]]; lakaet e voe Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur en [[arondisamant an Oriant]] e 1800&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}Robert Bouvier, Bernard Le Montagner, Alain Revoy ha Dominique Reynaud, ''Histoire de la Poste dans le Morbihan'', Embannadurioù Liv'Editions, ar Faoued, 2006, pajenn 175&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=19781 Cassini - EHESS - Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur - Fichenn ar gumun]&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== {{XXvet kantved}} ===
==== [[Brezel-bed kentañ]] ==== 
* Mervel a reas 50 gwaz eus ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel, da lavaret eo 3,25 % eus he foblañs e 1911&lt;ref name=&quot;memorialgenweb.org&quot;&gt;{{fr}}[http://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?insee=56116&amp;dpt=56&amp;idsource=10891&amp;table=bp02 Monumant ar re varv]&lt;/ref&gt;. 
==== [[Eil brezel-bed]] ==== 
* D'an [[28 Mezheven|28 a viz Even]] [[1943]] e kouezhas ur c'harr-nij eus [[aerlu]] [[SUA]] (''[[United States Army Air Forces]]'') e Lokmaria; lazhet e voe pemp nijour&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=992825&amp;dpt=56 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* E [[Sankenn an Oriant]] edo Lokmaria&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[[Roger Leroux]], ''Le Morbihan en guerre 1939-1945'', Imprimerie de la Manutention, Mayenne, 1991, pajenn 587&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Dieubet e voe ar gumun d'an 10 a viz Mae 1945 goude emzaskoridigezh an [[Wehrmacht|Alamaned]]&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[[Roger Leroux]], ''Le Morbihan en guerre 1939-1945'', Imprimerie de la Manutention, Mayenne, 1991, pajenn 622&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mervel a reas c'hwezek den ag ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel&lt;ref name=&quot;memorialgenweb.org&quot;/&gt;.
== Monumantoù ha traoù heverk ==
* Kreñvlec'h Porzh-Maria : siminal.
* Kreñvlec'hioù bihan war an aod.
* Tiez kozh er pennkêrioù (Samzun).
&lt;gallery&gt;
Locmaria eglise.jpg|An iliz katolik.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
* Iliz katolik ''Intron-Varia'' {{XVIvet kantved}}-{{XVIIvet kantved}}, delwenn ar Werc'hez gant ar Mabig Jezuz ({{XVIIIvet kantved}}).
* Monumant ar re varv e-tal an iliz katolik, luc'hskeudennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=14959 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/diapos.php?dpt=56&amp;id_source=14959 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Plakenn ar re varv (1914-1918) en iliz katolik, luc'hskeudennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=47578 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/diapos.php?dpt=56&amp;id_source=47578 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Emdroadur ar boblañs abaoe 1962 ==
{{Demografiezh
|titl=Niver a annezidi 
|dimx= 
|dimy= 
|popmax=1000
|passo1=200
|passo2=50
|bl1=1962 
|bl2=1968 
|bl3=1975 
|bl4=1982 
|bl5=1990 
|bl6=1999 
|bl7=2006
|bl8=2012
|bl9=2022
|p1=634 	 	 		 	
|p2=580
|p3=565
|p4=602 
|p5=618
|p6=705
|p7=784
|p8=837
|p9=973
|mammenn=EBSSA 
}}
== Melestradurezh ==
== Tud ==
===Tud ganet eno===
===Tud marvet eno===
===Tud liammet ouzh ar gumun===
== Gevelliñ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Bro
! Kêr
! Abaoe
|-
|[[Restr:Drapeau arpitan.svg|border|25px]] [[Arpitania]]
|[[Méaudre]]
| 
|}
== Liammoù diavaez ==
{{Commons|Category:Locmaria}}
*{{br}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080646/http://www.geobreizh.bzh/geobreizh/bre/keriou-fichenn.asp?insee_ville=56114 Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur war lec'hienn Geobreizh]
== Dave ha notennoù ==
{{Daveoù}}
[[Rummad:Kumunioù ar Mor-Bihan]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù bet krouet er Mor-Bihan e 1790]]
[[Rummad:Ar Gerveur]]
[[Rummad:Sankenn an Oriant]]</text>
      <sha1>5tan2ic2ytnwg6v3iwh0003q506uvfb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2194507</id>
      <parentid>2194506</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T12:08:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2194507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5468" sha1="pnnwqgoniazy4n671slvwn8udm0so4e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kumunioù Breizh
 | anv               = Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur
 | anvOfisiel        = ''Locmaria''
 | skeudenn          = Belle-Ile Port-Andro.jpg 
 | alc'hwez          = An aod e Porzh an Dro.
 | ardamezioù        = 
 | bro               = [[Bro-Gwened]]
 | departamant       = [[Mor-Bihan]]
 | arondisamant      = [[Arondisamant an Oriant|an Oriant]]
 | etrekumuniezh     = [[Kumuniezh kumunioù ar Gerveur]]
 | bro velestradurel = [[Bro an Alre]]
 | kanton            = [[Kanton Kiberen|Kiberen]]
 | cp                = 56360
 | maer              = Dominique Rousselot
 | amzer-gefridi     = 2020- Gouhere 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/morbihan/a-belle-ile-le-maire-de-locmaria-dominique-rousselot-est-decede-f62851ea-7834-11f1-980a-970130a57304?utm_content=photo&amp;utm_term=ouestfrance.lorient&amp;utm_campaign=facebook&amp;utm_source=nonli&amp;utm_medium=Social &quot;[[Ouest-France]]&quot;, d'ar 5 a viz Gouhere 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;.
 | gorread           = 20.55
 | hedred            = -3.0825
 | ledred            = 47.295
 | uk                = 40
 | ubi               = 0
 | ubr               = 73
 | lec'hienn web     = {{fr}}[http://www.locmaria-belle-ile.com/ locmaria-belle-ile.com]
}}
'''Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur''' a zo unan eus ar peder c'humun a zo en [[Enez ar Gerveur]] e [[Breizh]], e departamant ar [[Mor-Bihan]].
== Douaroniezh ==
[[Restr:ArGerveur4.jpg|thumb|300px]]
* Er [[Ar Gerveur|Gerveur]] emañ Lokmaria.
== Istor ==
=== {{XIvet kantved}} ===
* Parrez kozh ar Gerveur (ploue), diazezet gant leaned [[Abati ar Groaz Santel e Kemperle|abati Kroaz-Santel Kemperle]] en {{XIvet kantved}}.
=== [[Dispac'h Gall]] ===
* Melestradurezh: krouet e voe kumun Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur e 1790. Gant al lezenn eus an 23 a viz Eost 1790 e voe lakaet e [[Kanton Porzh-Lae (1790)|kanton Porzh-Lae]]; e [[distrig an Alre]] e oa; gant lezenn an ''8 pluviôse an IX'' ([[28 Genver|28 a viz Genver]] [[1801]]), dezhi an titl ''loi portant réduction du nombre de justices de paix'', e voe miret ar c'hanton dindan anv [[kanton ar Gerveur]]; lakaet e voe Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur en [[arondisamant an Oriant]] e 1800&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}Robert Bouvier, Bernard Le Montagner, Alain Revoy ha Dominique Reynaud, ''Histoire de la Poste dans le Morbihan'', Embannadurioù Liv'Editions, ar Faoued, 2006, pajenn 175&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=19781 Cassini - EHESS - Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur - Fichenn ar gumun]&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== {{XXvet kantved}} ===
==== [[Brezel-bed kentañ]] ==== 
* Mervel a reas 50 gwaz eus ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel, da lavaret eo 3,25 % eus he foblañs e 1911&lt;ref name=&quot;memorialgenweb.org&quot;&gt;{{fr}}[http://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?insee=56116&amp;dpt=56&amp;idsource=10891&amp;table=bp02 Monumant ar re varv]&lt;/ref&gt;. 
==== [[Eil brezel-bed]] ==== 
* D'an [[28 Mezheven|28 a viz Even]] [[1943]] e kouezhas ur c'harr-nij eus [[aerlu]] [[SUA]] (''[[United States Army Air Forces]]'') e Lokmaria; lazhet e voe pemp nijour&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/resultcommune.php?idsource=992825&amp;dpt=56 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* E [[Sankenn an Oriant]] edo Lokmaria&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[[Roger Leroux]], ''Le Morbihan en guerre 1939-1945'', Imprimerie de la Manutention, Mayenne, 1991, pajenn 587&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Dieubet e voe ar gumun d'an 10 a viz Mae 1945 goude emzaskoridigezh an [[Wehrmacht|Alamaned]]&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[[Roger Leroux]], ''Le Morbihan en guerre 1939-1945'', Imprimerie de la Manutention, Mayenne, 1991, pajenn 622&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mervel a reas c'hwezek den ag ar gumun abalamour d'ar brezel&lt;ref name=&quot;memorialgenweb.org&quot;/&gt;.
== Monumantoù ha traoù heverk ==
* Kreñvlec'h Porzh-Maria : siminal.
* Kreñvlec'hioù bihan war an aod.
* Tiez kozh er pennkêrioù (Samzun).
&lt;gallery&gt;
Locmaria eglise.jpg|An iliz katolik.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
* Iliz katolik ''Intron-Varia'' {{XVIvet kantved}}-{{XVIIvet kantved}}, delwenn ar Werc'hez gant ar Mabig Jezuz ({{XVIIIvet kantved}}).
* Monumant ar re varv e-tal an iliz katolik, luc'hskeudennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=14959 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/diapos.php?dpt=56&amp;id_source=14959 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Plakenn ar re varv (1914-1918) en iliz katolik, luc'hskeudennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/memorial3/html/fr/photo.php?id_source=47578 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.memorialgenweb.org/diapos.php?dpt=56&amp;id_source=47578 Memorial Genweb]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Emdroadur ar boblañs abaoe 1962 ==
{{Demografiezh
|titl=Niver a annezidi 
|dimx= 
|dimy= 
|popmax=1000
|passo1=200
|passo2=50
|bl1=1962 
|bl2=1968 
|bl3=1975 
|bl4=1982 
|bl5=1990 
|bl6=1999 
|bl7=2006
|bl8=2012
|bl9=2022
|p1=634 	 	 		 	
|p2=580
|p3=565
|p4=602 
|p5=618
|p6=705
|p7=784
|p8=837
|p9=973
|mammenn=EBSSA 
}}
== Melestradurezh ==
== Tud ==
===Tud ganet eno===
===Tud marvet eno===
===Tud liammet ouzh ar gumun===
== Gevelliñ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Bro
! Kêr
! Abaoe
|-
|[[Restr:Drapeau arpitan.svg|border|25px]] [[Arpitania]]
|[[Méaudre]]
| 
|}
== Liammoù diavaez ==
{{Commons|Category:Locmaria}}
*{{br}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080646/http://www.geobreizh.bzh/geobreizh/bre/keriou-fichenn.asp?insee_ville=56114 Lokmaria-ar-Gerveur war lec'hienn Geobreizh]
== Dave ha notennoù ==
{{Daveoù}}
[[Rummad:Kumunioù ar Mor-Bihan]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù bet krouet er Mor-Bihan e 1790]]
[[Rummad:Ar Gerveur]]
[[Rummad:Sankenn an Oriant]]</text>
      <sha1>pnnwqgoniazy4n671slvwn8udm0so4e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Common.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>16378</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194573</id>
      <parentid>2191911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:23:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet patrom dispredet</comment>
      <origin>2194573</origin>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="37414" sha1="kqf9pvavzsxhg3w9u20fgh5ngmo587d" xml:space="preserve">/** Talvezout a raio ar CSS lakaet amañ evit an holl gwiskadurioù */

/* 

'''Common [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] for all skins''' 

'''Notice to Administrators!'''

Any changes to [[Mediawiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Common.css]] should be first proposed to [[Wikipedia:Village Pump]].  

Always check with the [http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3ACommon.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&amp;usermedium=all W3C CSS Validation Service] ([http://qa-dev.w3.org:8001/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3ACommon.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&amp;warning=2&amp;profile=css3&amp;usermedium=all CVS version]) after any changes.

Thank you.

(In [[Mozilla]] and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], you can test style changes dynamically with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles] bookmarklet from squarefree.com.  It pops up a window for adding style rules, and updates the page as you type.)

See also the [[Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes|catalogue of CSS classes]].
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;*/

/* make the list of references look smaller */
ol.references {
   font-size: 100%;
}

.references-small { font-size: 90%;}

/* VALIDATOR NOTICE: the following is correct, but the W3C validator doesn't accept it */
/* -moz-* is a vendor-specific extension (CSS 2.1 4.1.2.1) */
/* column-count is from the CSS3 module &quot;CSS Multi-column Layout&quot; */
/* Please ignore any validator errors caused by these two lines */
.references-2column {
  font-size: 90%;
  -moz-column-count:2;
  column-count:2;
}

.same-bg { background: none }

/* Highlight clicked reference in blue to help navigation */

ol.references &gt; li:target {
 background-color: #DEF;
}


/* Default skin for navigation boxes */
table.navbox {            /* Navbox container style */
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    width: 100%; 
    margin: auto;
    clear: both;
    font-size: 88%;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1px;
}
table.navbox + table.navbox {  /* Single pixel border between adjacent navboxes */
    margin-top: -1px;          /* (doesn't work for IE6, but that's okay)       */
}
.navbox-title,
.navbox-abovebelow,
table.navbox th {
    text-align: center;      /* Title and above/below styles */
    padding-left: 1em;
    padding-right: 1em;
}
.navbox-group {              /* Group style */
    white-space: nowrap;
    /* @noflip */text-align: right;
    font-weight: bold;
    padding-left: 1em;
    padding-right: 1em;
}
.navbox, .navbox-subgroup {
    background: #fdfdfd;     /* Background color */
}
.navbox-list {
    border-color: #fdfdfd;   /* Must match background color */
}
.navbox-title,
table.navbox th {
    background: #ccccff;     /* Level 1 color */
}
.navbox-abovebelow,
.navbox-group,
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-title {
    background: #ddddff;     /* Level 2 color */
}
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow {
    background: #e6e6ff;     /* Level 3 color */
}
.navbox-even {
    background: #f7f7f7;     /* Even row striping */
}
.navbox-odd {
    background: transparent; /* Odd row striping */
}

.collapseButton {          /* 'show'/'hide' buttons created dynamically */
    /* @noflip */float: right;          /* by the CollapsibleTables javascript in    */
    font-weight: normal;   /* [[MediaWiki:Common.js]] are styled here   */
    /* @noflip */text-align: right;     /* so they can be customised.                */
    width: auto;
}
.navbox .collapseButton {  /* In navboxes, the show/hide button balances */
    width: 6em;            /* the vde links from [[Template:Navbar]],    */
}                          /* so they need to be the same width.         */

.navbar {                  /* Navbox template links */
    font-size: 88%;        /* Default font-size */
    font-weight: normal;
}
.navbox .navbar {
    font-size: 100%;       /* Font-size when nested within navbox */
}

/* Infobox template style */

.infobox {
	border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
	border-spacing: 3px;
	background-color: #f8f9fa;
	color: black;
	/* @noflip */
	margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
	padding: 0.2em;
	/* @noflip */
	float: right;
	/* @noflip */
	clear: right;
	font-size: 88%;
	line-height: 1.5em;
	width: 22em;
}

.infobox-header,
.infobox-label,
.infobox-above,
.infobox-full-data,
.infobox-data,
.infobox-below,
.infobox-subheader,
.infobox-image,
.infobox-navbar,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates  */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
	vertical-align: top;
}

.infobox-label,
.infobox-data,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates  */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
	/* @noflip */
	text-align: left;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-above,
.infobox .infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates  */
.infobox caption {
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

.infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates  */
.infobox caption {
	padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-header,
.infobox .infobox-subheader,
.infobox .infobox-image,
.infobox .infobox-full-data,
.infobox .infobox-below {
	text-align: center;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-navbar {
	/* @noflip */
	text-align: right;
}

.infobox caption {
   font-size: larger;
   margin-left: inherit;
}
.infobox.bordered {
   border-collapse: collapse;
}
.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
   border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.infobox.bordered .borderless td,
.infobox.bordered .borderless th {
   border: 0;
}

.infobox.sisterproject {
   width: 20em;
   font-size: 90%;
}

@media print {
    .infobox.sisterproject {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
   border: 0;
   border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
   border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
   border: 0;
   border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}


/* styles for geography infoboxes, e.g. countries, country subdivisions, cities, etc. */

.infobox.geography {
   text-align: left;
   border-collapse: collapse;
   line-height: 1.2em; 
   font-size: 90%;
}

.infobox.geography  td,
.infobox.geography  th {
   border-top: solid 1px #aaa;
   padding: 0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;
}
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th {
   border-top: solid 1px #aaa;
   padding: 0.4em 0.2em 0.2em 0.8em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedrow th {
      border: 0;
      padding: 0 0.2em 0.2em 0.8em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th {
   border-top: 0;
   border-bottom: solid 1px #aaa;
   padding: 0 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;
}

.infobox.geography .maptable td,
.infobox.geography .maptable th {
      border: 0;
      padding: 0 0 0 0;
}

/* Style for &quot;notices&quot; */
.notice {
    margin: 1em;
    padding: 0.2em;
}

#disambig {
    border-top: 1px solid #ccc; 
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}

#spoiler {
    border-top: 2px solid #ddd;
    border-bottom:2px solid #ddd;
}

/* Standard talk template style */

.Talk-Notice  {
    border: 1px solid #C0C090;
    background-color: #F8EABA;
    margin-bottom: 3px;
    width: 85%;
    border-spacing: 3px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.Talk-Notice:after {
  content: &quot;The CSS for this template should be changed. See [[Wikipedia:Template Standardisation]].&quot;;
}

/* Make template background appear correctly on all browsers */
.Talk-Notice td {
    background: inherit;
}

/* Persondata */
table.persondata {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    display: none;
    speak: none;
}
.persondata-label {
    color: #aaa;
}

/* Makes redirects appear in italics on [[Special:Allpages]] */
.allpagesredirect {
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Choose whether to have AD/BC dates or CE/BCE dates*/

/* First, the default : display both : See templates ADCE and BCEBC for how these are used*/
.Use_Default_Date_Convention { display: inline; }
.Use_AD_and_BC { display: none; }
.Use_BCE_and_CE { display: none; }

/* If you want to display AD and BC add the following to User:You/monobook.css page */
/*
.Use_Default_Date_Convention { display: none; }
.Use_AD_and_BC { display:inline; }
.Use_BCE_and_CE { display:none; }
*/

/*If you want to display CE and BCE add the following to User:You/monobook.css page */
/*
.Use_Default_Date_Convention { display: none; }
.Use_AD_and_BC { display:none; }
.Use_BCE_and_CE {display:inline; }
*/

/* Class for links with loudspeaker icon next to them */

.audiolink a{
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png&quot;) center left no-repeat !important;
    padding-left: 16px !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Icons for medialist templates [[Template:Listen]], [[Template:Multi-listen_start]], [[Template:Video]], [[Template:Multi-video_start]] */

div.listenlist {
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/30px-Gnome-speakernotes.png&quot;);
    padding-left: 40px;
}

div.videolist, div.multivideolist {
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/40px-Tango-video-x-generic.png&quot;);
    padding-left: 50px;
}

/* Style rules for media list templates */

div.medialist {
    min-height: 50px;
    margin: 1em;
    background-position: top left;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

div.medialist ul {
    list-style-type: none; 
    list-style-image: none;
    margin: 0;
}

div.medialist ul li {
    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}

div.medialist ul li li {
    font-size: 91%;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon for all PDF files */
/* (in browsers that support these CSS selectors, like Mozilla and Opera) */
#bodyContent a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.pdf?&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.pdf#&quot;].external,
#bodyContent a[href$=&quot;.PDF&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.PDF?&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.PDF#&quot;].external {
    background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) center right no-repeat;
    padding-right: 16px;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon anywhere the PDFlink class */
/* is used (notably Template:PDFlink). This works in IE, unlike the above. */
span.PDFlink a {
    background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) center right no-repeat !important;
    padding-right: 17px !important;
}

/* Content in columns with CSS instead of tables [[Template:Columns]] */
div.columns-2 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 50%;
    min-width: 300px;
}

div.columns-3 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 33.3%;
    min-width: 200px;
}

div.columns-4 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 25%;
    min-width: 150px;
}

div.columns-5 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 20%;
    min-width: 120px;
}

/*Add formatting to make sure that &quot;external references&quot; from [[Template:Ref]] do
  not get URL expansion, not even when printed. The mechanism up to MediaWiki 1.4 was
  that the HTML code contained a SPAN following the anchor A; this SPAN had the class
  &quot;urlexpansion&quot;, which was not displayed on screen, but was shown when the medium was
  &quot;print&quot;. The rules below ensure (a) that there is no extra padding to the right of
  the anchor (displayed as &quot;[&lt;number&gt;]&quot;), (b) that there is no &quot;external link arrow&quot; for
  the link, and (c) that this SPAN of class &quot;urlexpansion&quot; is never shown.
*/

.plainlinksneverexpand {
  background: none ! important;
  padding: 0 ! important;
}

.plainlinksneverexpand .urlexpansion {
  display: none ! important;
}

/* Make sure that ext links displayed within &quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot; don't get
   the arrow...
*/
.plainlinksneverexpand a {
   background: none !important;
   padding: 0 !important;
}

/* With MediaWiki 1.5, the mechanism has changed: instead of a SPAN of class &quot;urlexpansion&quot;
   following the anchor A, the anchor itself now has class &quot;external autonumber&quot; and the
   expansion is inserted when printing (see the common printing style sheet at
   //en.wikipedia.org/w/skins/common/commonPrint.css) using the &quot;:after&quot; pseudo-
   element of CSS. We have to switch this off for links due to Template:Ref!
   [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 15 Eost 2022 da 16:13 (UTC)
*/
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after {
  display: none !important;
}
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.autonumber:after {
  display: none !important;
}

/** Support for Parsoid's HTML for autonumbered links. MediaWiki ships this same
CSS with the ::after pseudo-element selector but the selector rule immediate above
disables it. So, we hack it by using the ::before selector instead. */
a[ rel~='mw:ExtLink' ].autonumber:empty::before {
	content: '[' counter( mw-numbered-ext-link ) ']';
	counter-increment: mw-numbered-ext-link;
}

/* Messagebox templates */

.messagebox {
   border: 1px solid #aaa;
   background-color: #f9f9f9;
   width: 80%;
   margin: 0 auto 1em auto;
   padding: .2em;
}
.messagebox.merge {
   border: 1px solid #c0b8cc;
   background-color: #f0e5ff;
   text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.cleanup {
   border: 1px solid #9f9fff;
   background-color: #efefff;
   text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.standard-talk {
   border: 1px solid #c0c090;
   background-color: #f8eaba;
}

/* Put a checker background at the image description page only visible if the image has transparent background */

#file img {background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png&quot;) repeat;}

/* Support for Template:IPA, Template:Unicode and Template:Polytonic. The inherit declaration resets the font for all browsers except MSIE6.  The empty comment must remain. Please copy any changes to [[Template:IPA fonts]] and [[Template:Unicode fonts]]. */
.IPA {
        font-family: &quot;Chrysanthi Unicode&quot;, &quot;Doulos SIL&quot;, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;DejaVu Sans&quot;, &quot;Bitstream Cyberbit&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&quot;, &quot;Matrix Unicode&quot;;
        font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.Unicode {
        font-family: Code2000, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;Doulos SIL&quot;, &quot;Chrysanthi Unicode&quot;, &quot;Bitstream Cyberbit&quot;, &quot;Bitstream CyberBase&quot;, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;;
        font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.latinx {
        font-family: Code2000, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;;
        font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.polytonic {
        font-family: Athena, Gentium, &quot;Palatino Linotype&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, Code2000; 
        font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.mufi {
        font-family: Alphabetum, Cardo, LeedsUni, Junicode, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, ALPHA-Demo;
}

#wpSave {
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* Removes underlines from links */
.nounderlines a { 
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Remove underline from IPA links */
.IPA a:link, .IPA a:visited {
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Removes useless links from printout */
@media print {
    #privacy, #about, #disclaimer {display:none;}
}

#EnWpMpBook { background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/MP-open-book.png); }
#EnWpMpSearch { background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/MP-magnifying-glass.png) no-repeat top right; }
#EnWpMpSearchInner { float: right; width: 20em; text-align: center; }
#EnWpMpBook2 { background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/MP-open-book2.png); }

.messagebox.small-talk {
  width: 238px;
  font-size: 85%;
  float: right;
  clear: both;
  margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
  line-height: 1.25em; 
  background: #F8EABA;
}

/* BANDELL PORCHED */
/* style par défaut des bandeaux de portail décidés sur
   Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Bandeaux de portails
   Utilisé dans Modèle:Méta lien vers portails et Modèle:Portail
*/
#bandell-porched {
  border: solid #AAAAAA 1px;
  padding: 4px;
  background-color: #F9F9F9;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-left: 0;
  clear: both;
}
 
#roll-porched {
  padding: 4px;
  margin-left: 0;
  clear: both;
}
#roll-porched li {display: inline}
#bandell-porched li {display: inline}
.bandell-porched-element {white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em}
.bandell-porched-icone {margin-right: 0.5em}
.bandell-porched-texte {font-weight: bold}

/* Standard Navigationsleisten, aka box hiding thingy from .de.  Documentation at [[Wikipedia:NavFrame]]. */

div.Boxmerge,
div.NavFrame {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 4px;
        border: 1px solid #aaa;
        text-align: center;
        border-collapse: collapse;
        font-size: 95%;
}
div.Boxmerge div.NavFrame {
        border-style: none;
        border-style: hidden;
}
div.NavFrame + div.NavFrame {
        border-top-style: none;
        border-top-style: hidden;
}
div.NavPic {
        background-color: #fff;
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 2px;
        float: left;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavHead {
        height: 1.6em;
        font-weight: bold;
        font-size: 100%;
        background-color: #ccccff;
        position:relative;
}
div.NavFrame p {
        font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavContent {
        font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavContent p {
        font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavEnd {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
        line-height: 1px;
        clear: both;
}
a.NavToggle {
        position:absolute;
        top:0px;
        right:3px;
        font-weight:normal;
        font-size:smaller;
}

/* Coloured watchlist numbers */
.mw-plusminus-pos {
  color:darkgreen;
}

/* .mw-plusminus-null currently at developer default */

.mw-plusminus-neg {
  color:darkred;
}

.dablink {
  font-style:italic;
  padding-left:2em;
}

/* PATROMOÙ KENURZHIENNOÙ */
 
/* Sellet ouzh [[Patrom:Coord]] evit talvoudegezh ar c'hlasoù-se. 
   Taolit evezh : ar c'hlasoù &quot;geo&quot;, &quot;longitude&quot;, ha &quot;latitude&quot;, n'int ket stiloù hepken
   met talvezout a reont da ezporzhañ er Geo microformat, arabat adenvel anezho eta. */
.geo-default { display:inline }
.geo-nondefault { display:none }
.geo-dms { display:inline }
.geo-dec { display:inline }
.geo-multi-punct { display:none }
 
.longitude .latitude { white-space:nowrap }
 
/* This is used for the Geo microformat, but no style is needed for now other than .geo-dec. */
.geo {}
 
#portallinks {
   border-width: 1px;
   border-style: solid;
   border-color: #aaaaaa;
   background-color: #f9f9f9;
   padding: 5px;
   margin-top: 1em;
   clear: both;
}

/**************************
 ***     Infobox v2     ***
 **************************/
 
.infobox_v2 {
 background: #f9f9f9;
 color: #000;
 font-size:90%;
 line-height:1.1em; 
 float:right;
 clear:right;
 margin:0 0 .5em 1em; /* krec’h dehou traoñ kleiz */
 width:300px;
 border: 1px solid #aaa;
 padding: 0.1em;
}
 
.infobox_v2 th {
 vertical-align:top;
 text-align:left;
}
 
.infobox_v2 .talbenn {
 height:45px;
 vertical-align:middle;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:150%; 
 font-weight:bolder;
 line-height:1.2em;
 color:#000
}
 
.infobox_v2 .media { /* css V2 evit [[Patrom:Son]], h.a. */
height:35px;
vertical-align:middle;
text-align:center;
font-weight:bolder;
color:#000
}
 
/* grafikoù treuzwelus evit talbennoù an infoboxoù V2 */
.talbenn.defaut, 
.talbenn.diouer {}

.talbenn.aktour {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Picto_infobox_masks.png&quot;); 
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.bier {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Picto_infobox_beer.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.bd {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.film {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Picto_infobox_cinema.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.kehentin {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Picto_infobox_antenna.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.map {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png&quot;);
  background-repeat:  no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.sonerezh {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Picto_infobox_music.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.skrivagner {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.sport {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.choari-video   {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Picto_infobox_gamepad.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: bottom right;
}
.talbenn.den {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Picto_infobox_manwoman.png&quot;);
  background-repeat:  no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

.talbenn.astronomiezh,
.talbenn.sterdonizh {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Picto_infobox_astronomy.png&quot;);
  background-repeat:  no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.fizik {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Picto_infobox_physics.png&quot;);
  background-repeat:  no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.kimiezh {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Picto_infobox_chemistry.png&quot;);
  background-repeat:  no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.stered {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Picto_infobox_star.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

.talbenn.pab,
.talbenn.vatikan
{
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Picto_Emblem_of_the_Papacy.PNG&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

.talbenn.benveg {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Picto_infobox_tools.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

.talbenn.lu,
.talbenn.arme,
.talbenn.soudard {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_military.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
} 

.talbenn.sikour,
.talbenn.raktres {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Picto_infobox_default.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

/* skeudennoùigoù implijet er wikipedia hungarek */  
.talbenn.pont {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Picto_infobox_bridge.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
} 

.talbenn.mell-droad,
.talbenn.football {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Picto_infobox_football.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
} 

.talbenn.straed,
.talbenn.hent {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Picto_infobox_motorway.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

/* skeudennoùigoù implijet er wikipedia portugalek */  
.talbenn.astraer,
.talbenn.astronaot {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Picto_infobox_astronaut.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.frouezh {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Picto_info_grape.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.kazetennerezh {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Picto_infobox_newspaper.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.stlenneg,
.talbenn.urzhiataerezh {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Picto_infobox_pc.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.levr {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.choari,
.talbenn.choariell {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Picto_info_toys_and_games.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}
.talbenn.TV,
.talbenn.skinwel {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Picto_infobox_TV-icon-novela.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top right;
}

/* skeudennoù drekleur treuzwelus */
.media.audio {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/35px-Gnome-speakernotes.png&quot;);
  background-repeat:  no-repeat;
  background-position: top left;
} 
.media.video {
  background-image: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png&quot;);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: top left;
}
 
/* Dibenn Infobox V2 */

/* GEOLEC'HIADUR DINAMEK */
.NavContent .img_toogle {
zoom: 1; /* be kind to IE7 */
clear: both;  /* be kind to IE7 */
}
.img_toogle, .img_toogle * {
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
.img_toogle .a_toogle {
display: block;
text-align: center !important;
font-size: 0.95em;
}
.img_toogle .geobox {
position: relative;
}
.img_toogle .geobox +.geobox {
border-top: 5px solid #aaa;
}
.img_toogle .geopoint {
position: absolute;
width: 5px;
height: 5px;
font-size: 1px;
border: 1px solid #000;
background:#F00;
}

/* Style for horizontal lists (separator following item).
   @source mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Horizontal_lists
   @revision 8 (2016-05-21)
   @author [[User:Edokter]]
 */
.hlist dl,
.hlist ol,
.hlist ul {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

/* Display list items inline */
.hlist dd,
.hlist dt,
.hlist li {
	margin: 0; /* don't trust the note that says margin doesn't work with inline
				* removing margin: 0 makes dds have margins again */
	display: inline;
}

/* Display nested lists inline */
.hlist.inline,
.hlist.inline dl,
.hlist.inline ol,
.hlist.inline ul,
.hlist dl dl,
.hlist dl ol,
.hlist dl ul,
.hlist ol dl,
.hlist ol ol,
.hlist ol ul,
.hlist ul dl,
.hlist ul ol,
.hlist ul ul {
	display: inline;
}

/* Hide empty list items */
.hlist .mw-empty-li {
	display: none;
}

/* Generate interpuncts */
.hlist dt:after {
	content: &quot;: &quot;;
}

/**
 * Note hlist style usage differs in Minerva and is defined in core as well!
 * Please check Minerva desktop (and Minerva.css) when changing
 * See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213239
 */
.hlist dd:after,
.hlist li:after {
	content: &quot; · &quot;;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.hlist dd:last-child:after,
.hlist dt:last-child:after,
.hlist li:last-child:after {
	content: none;
}

/* Add parentheses around nested lists */
.hlist dd dd:first-child:before,
.hlist dd dt:first-child:before,
.hlist dd li:first-child:before,
.hlist dt dd:first-child:before,
.hlist dt dt:first-child:before,
.hlist dt li:first-child:before,
.hlist li dd:first-child:before,
.hlist li dt:first-child:before,
.hlist li li:first-child:before {
	content: &quot; (&quot;;
	font-weight: normal;
}

.hlist dd dd:last-child:after,
.hlist dd dt:last-child:after,
.hlist dd li:last-child:after,
.hlist dt dd:last-child:after,
.hlist dt dt:last-child:after,
.hlist dt li:last-child:after,
.hlist li dd:last-child:after,
.hlist li dt:last-child:after,
.hlist li li:last-child:after {
	content: &quot;)&quot;;
	font-weight: normal;
}

/* Put ordinals in front of ordered list items */
.hlist ol {
	counter-reset: listitem;
}

.hlist ol &gt; li {
	counter-increment: listitem;
}

.hlist ol &gt; li:before {
	content: &quot; &quot; counter(listitem) &quot;\a0&quot;;
}

.hlist dd ol &gt; li:first-child:before,
.hlist dt ol &gt; li:first-child:before,
.hlist li ol &gt; li:first-child:before {
	content: &quot; (&quot; counter(listitem) &quot;\a0&quot;;
}

/* ambox/tmbox/imbox/cmbox/ombox/fmbox message boxes */
th.mbox-text,
td.mbox-text {   /* The message body cell(s) */
	border: none;
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 0.25em 0.9em;     /* 0.9em left/right */
	width: 100%;               /* Make all mboxes the same width regardless of text length */
}

td.mbox-image {                /* The left image cell */
	border: none;
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em;  /* 0.9em left, 0px right */
	text-align: center;
}

td.mbox-imageright {           /* The right image cell */
	border: none;
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0;  /* 0px left, 0.9em right */
	text-align: center;
}

td.mbox-empty-cell {           /* An empty narrow cell */
	border: none;
	padding: 0;
	width: 1px;
}

/* Article message box styles */
table.ambox {
	margin: 0 10%;                  /* 10% = Will not overlap with other elements */
	border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #36c;  /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
	background-color: #fbfbfb;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Single border between stacked boxes. */
table.ambox + table.ambox,
table.ambox + .mw-empty-elt + table.ambox {
	margin-top: -1px;
}

.ambox th.mbox-text,
.ambox td.mbox-text {            /* The message body cell(s) */
	padding: 0.25em 0.5em;       /* 0.5em left/right */
}

.ambox td.mbox-image {           /* The left image cell */
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 2px 0 2px 0.5em;    /* 0.5em left, 0px right */
}

.ambox td.mbox-imageright {      /* The right image cell */
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 2px 0.5em 2px 0;    /* 0px left, 0.5em right */
}

table.ambox-notice {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #36c;       /* Blue */
}

table.ambox-speedy {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
	background-color: #fee7e6;          /* Pink */
}

table.ambox-delete {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
}

table.ambox-content {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}

table.ambox-style {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #fc3;       /* Yellow */
}

table.ambox-move {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}

table.ambox-protection {
	/* @noflip */
	border-left: 10px solid #a2a9b1;    /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Image message box styles */
table.imbox {
	margin: 4px 10%;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border: 3px solid #36c;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
	background-color: #fbfbfb;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

.imbox .mbox-text .imbox {  /* For imboxes inside imbox-text cells. */
	margin: 0 -0.5em;       /* 0.9 - 0.5 = 0.4em left/right.        */
	display: block;         /* Fix for webkit to force 100% width.  */
}

.mbox-inside .imbox {       /* For imboxes inside other templates.  */
	margin: 4px;
}

table.imbox-notice {
	border: 3px solid #36c;       /* Blue */
}

table.imbox-speedy {
	border: 3px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
	background-color: #fee7e6;    /* Pink */
}

table.imbox-delete {
	border: 3px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
}

table.imbox-content {
	border: 3px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}

table.imbox-style {
	border: 3px solid #fc3;       /* Yellow */
}

table.imbox-move {
	border: 3px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}

table.imbox-protection {
	border: 3px solid #a2a9b1;    /* Gray-gold */
}

table.imbox-license {
	border: 3px solid #88a;       /* Dark gray */
	background-color: #f7f8ff;    /* Light gray */
}

table.imbox-featured {
	border: 3px solid #cba135;    /* Brown-gold */
}

/* Category message box styles */
table.cmbox {
	margin: 3px 10%;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
	background-color: #dfe8ff;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

table.cmbox-notice {
	background-color: #d8e8ff;    /* Blue */
}

table.cmbox-speedy {
	margin-top: 4px;
	margin-bottom: 4px;
	border: 4px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
	background-color: #ffdbdb;    /* Pink */
}

table.cmbox-delete {
	background-color: #ffdbdb;    /* Pink */
}

table.cmbox-content {
	background-color: #ffe7ce;    /* Orange */
}

table.cmbox-style {
	background-color: #fff9db;    /* Yellow */
}

table.cmbox-move {
	background-color: #e4d8ff;    /* Purple */
}

table.cmbox-protection {
	background-color: #efefe1;    /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Other pages message box styles */
table.ombox {
	margin: 4px 10%;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; gray */
	background-color: #f8f9fa;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

table.ombox-notice {
	border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;    /* Gray */
}

table.ombox-speedy {
	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
	background-color: #fee7e6;    /* Pink */
}

table.ombox-delete {
	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
}

table.ombox-content {
	border: 1px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}

table.ombox-style {
	border: 1px solid #fc3;       /* Yellow */
}

table.ombox-move {
	border: 1px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}

table.ombox-protection {
	border: 2px solid #a2a9b1;    /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Talk page message box styles */
table.tmbox {
	margin: 4px 10%;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border: 1px solid #c0c090;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; gray-brown */
	background-color: #f8eaba;
	min-width: 80%;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

.tmbox.mbox-small {
	min-width: 0;                /* reset the min-width of tmbox above        */
}

.mediawiki .mbox-inside .tmbox { /* For tmboxes inside other templates. The &quot;mediawiki&quot; class ensures that */
	margin: 2px 0;               /* this declaration overrides other styles (including mbox-small above)   */
	width: 100%;                 /* For Safari and Opera */
}

.mbox-inside .tmbox.mbox-small { /* &quot;small&quot; tmboxes should not be small when  */
	line-height: 1.5em;          /* also &quot;nested&quot;, so reset styles that are   */
	font-size: 100%;             /* set in &quot;mbox-small&quot; above.                */
}

table.tmbox-speedy {
	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
	background-color: #fee7e6;    /* Pink */
}

table.tmbox-delete {
	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
}

table.tmbox-content {
	border: 2px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}

table.tmbox-style {
	border: 2px solid #fc3;       /* Yellow */
}

table.tmbox-move {
	border: 2px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}

table.tmbox-protection,
table.tmbox-notice {
	border: 1px solid #c0c090;    /* Gray-brown */
}

/* Footer and header message box styles */
table.fmbox {
	clear: both;
	margin: 0.2em 0;
	width: 100%;
	border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
	background-color: #f8f9fa;     /* Default &quot;system&quot; gray */
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

table.fmbox-system {
	background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

table.fmbox-warning {
	border: 1px solid #bb7070;  /* Dark pink */
	background-color: #ffdbdb;  /* Pink */
}

table.fmbox-editnotice {
	background-color: transparent;
}

/* These mbox-small classes must be placed after all other
   ambox/tmbox/ombox etc classes. &quot;html body.mediawiki&quot; is so
   they override &quot;table.ambox + table.ambox&quot; above. */
html body.mediawiki .mbox-small {   /* For the &quot;small=yes&quot; option. */
	/* @noflip */
	clear: right;
	/* @noflip */
	float: right;
	/* @noflip */
	margin: 4px 0 4px 1em;
	box-sizing: border-box;
	width: 238px;
	font-size: 88%;
	line-height: 1.25em;
}

html body.mediawiki .mbox-small-left {   /* For the &quot;small=left&quot; option. */
	/* @noflip */
	margin: 4px 1em 4px 0;
	box-sizing: border-box;
	overflow: hidden;
	width: 238px;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	font-size: 88%;
	line-height: 1.25em;
}

/* Remove underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link,
.IPA a:visited {
	text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places where desired (nowrap)
   and links when we don't want them to (nowraplinks a) */
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* But allow wrapping where desired: */
.wrap,
.wraplinks a {
	white-space: normal;
}

/* texhtml class for inline math (based on generic times-serif class) */
span.texhtml {
	font-family: &quot;Nimbus Roman No9 L&quot;, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;
	font-size: 118%;
	line-height: 1;
	white-space: nowrap;
	/* Force tabular and lining display for texhtml */
	-webkit-font-feature-settings: &quot;lnum&quot;, &quot;tnum&quot;, &quot;kern&quot; 0;
	font-feature-settings: &quot;lnum&quot;, &quot;tnum&quot;, &quot;kern&quot; 0;
	font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
	font-kerning: none;
}

span.texhtml span.texhtml {
	font-size: 100%;
}

@media screen {
	.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
		background-image: none;
	}
}

/* Unbulleted lists */
.plainlist ol,
.plainlist ul {
	line-height: inherit;
	list-style: none;
	margin: 0;
}

.plainlist ol li,
.plainlist ul li {
	margin-bottom: 0;
}</text>
      <sha1>kqf9pvavzsxhg3w9u20fgh5ngmo587d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Istor ar Franked</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>16788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194646</id>
      <parentid>2037809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:54:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194646</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" sha1="0mvzoqnr52o5jt2rra5gy5kk8s4jlky" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Frankish people}}

[[Rummad:Franked]]
[[Rummad:Istor Europa]]</text>
      <sha1>0mvzoqnr52o5jt2rra5gy5kk8s4jlky</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Alamagn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>18662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194656</id>
      <parentid>2037818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:57:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="176" sha1="fqposkf9qcoz8cnkbeexavaf81mcxdc" xml:space="preserve">{{Porched Alamagn}}
{{Commonscat|Municipalities of Germany}}

[[Rummad:Kêrioù Europa|Alamagn]]
[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Alamagn]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù pe gumunioù dre vro|Alamagn]]</text>
      <sha1>fqposkf9qcoz8cnkbeexavaf81mcxdc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Slovakia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>18759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194666</id>
      <parentid>1034440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:00:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="148" sha1="lb4r8q3xvudty8ryc7ce5aup5yc7bv9" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Municipalities of Slovakia}}

[[Rummad:Slovakia]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Europa|Slovakia]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù pe gumunioù dre vro|Slovakia]]</text>
      <sha1>lb4r8q3xvudty8ryc7ce5aup5yc7bv9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Ouzbekistan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>19498</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194665</id>
      <parentid>2037822</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:59:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59" sha1="lze85jgioaujwyypz2uhcp81zbmzn91" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cities in Uzbekistan}}

[[Rummad:Ouzbekistan]]</text>
      <sha1>lze85jgioaujwyypz2uhcp81zbmzn91</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Cite journal</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>21086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194576</id>
      <parentid>2037825</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194576</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1425" sha1="2qjoex94cv1leqnj858yc6brd1d6p7c" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{authorlink|}}}
    |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if:
      {{{last|}}}
      |{{{last}}}{{#if:
        {{{first|}}}
        |, {{{first}}}
      }}
      |{{{author}}}
    }}]]
    |{{#if:{{{last|}}}
      |{{{last}}}{{#if:
        {{{first|}}}
        |, {{{first}}}
      }}
      |{{{author}}}
    }}
  }}
}}{{#if:{{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{coauthors|}}}
    |, {{{coauthors}}}
  }}
}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}
  |&amp;#32;({{{date}}})
  |{{#if:{{{year|}}}
    |{{#if:{{{month|}}}
      |&amp;#32;({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
      |&amp;#32;({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
}}{{#if:{{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
  | .
}}{{#if:{{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}{{{year|}}}{{{date|}}}
  | &amp;#32;
}}{{#ifeq:{{{quotes|}}} 
 | no 
 | 
 | {{#if: {{{curly|}}}|“|&quot;}} 
 }}{{#if:{{{url|}}}
  |[{{{url}}} {{{title}}}]
  |{{{title}}}
}}{{#ifeq:{{{quotes|}}} 
 | nv 
 | 
 | {{#if: {{{curly|}}}|”|&quot;}} 
 }}{{#if: {{{format|}}}
  | &amp;#32;({{{format}}})
}}{{#if:{{{journal|}}}
  |. ''{{{journal}}}''
}}{{#if:{{{volume|}}}
  |&amp;#32;'''{{{volume}}}'''
}}{{#if:{{{issue|}}}
  |&amp;#32;({{{issue}}})
}}{{#if:{{{pages|}}}
  |&lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; {{{pages}}}
}}{{#if: {{{doi|}}} 
  | . [[Digital object identifier|DOI]]:[http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi}}} {{{doi}}}]
}}{{#if:{{{id|}}}
  |. {{{id}}}
}}{{#if:{{{issn|}}}
  |. ISSN {{{issn}}}
}}{{#if:{{{accessdate|}}}
  |. Kavet [[{{{accessdate}}}]]
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[rummad:Patromoù daveoù]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2qjoex94cv1leqnj858yc6brd1d6p7c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Ergerzherien spagnol</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>23037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194637</id>
      <parentid>1520696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:52:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="119" sha1="p8siws1mzbf9qmggxowqivvljvmpdc7" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Explorers from Spain}}

[[Rummad:Tud Spagn hervez o obererezh]]
[[Rummad:Ergerzherien hervez o bro|Spagn]]</text>
      <sha1>p8siws1mzbf9qmggxowqivvljvmpdc7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Chile</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>24562</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194659</id>
      <parentid>1669275</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:58:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194659</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="96" sha1="cbkfojnxblb6xwuuh77d9vjk1oy4iwq" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cities in Chile}}

[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Chile]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Suamerika|Chile]]</text>
      <sha1>cbkfojnxblb6xwuuh77d9vjk1oy4iwq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox bro/teul</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>25011</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194590</id>
      <parentid>1524765</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2001" sha1="f0y9mhun3ztvo1mv294cvbswqrher5b" xml:space="preserve">Setu ar patrom goullo da lakaat er pajennoù:


&lt;pre&gt;
{{Patrom:Infobox bro
|anv ofisiel              = 
|anv klok bzg             = 
|anv boutin bzg           = 
|skeudenn banniel         = 
|skeudenn skoed-ardamez   = 
|doare arouez             = 
|skeudenn_kartenn         = 
|ger-stur broadel         = 
|kan broadel              = 
|yezhoù ofisiel           = 
|strolladoù etnek         = 
|kêr-benn                 = 
|Led-d= |Led-m= |Led-NS= |Hed-d= |Hed-m= |Hed-RK=
|kêr vrasañ               = 
|doare gouarnamant        = 
|titl penn ar vro1        = 
|anv penn ar vro1         = 
|titl penn ar vro2        = 
|anv penn ar vro2         = 
|titl penn ar vro3        = 
|anv penn ar vro3         = 
|titl penn ar vro4        = 
|anv penn ar vro4         = 
|titl penn ar vro5        = 
|anv penn ar vro5         = 
|gorread                  = 
|renk_gorread             = 
|dregantad doureier       = 
|istimadur_poblañs        = 
|istimadur_poblañs_renk   = 
|istimadur_poblañs_bloaz  = 
|niveradeg_poblañs        = 
|niveradeg_poblañs_bloaz  = 
|stankter_ar_boblañs      = 
|renk_stankter_ar_boblañs = 
|PDK_PGP                  = 
|PDK_PGP_renk             = 
|PDK_PGP_bloaz            = 
|PDK_PGP_keidenn          = 
|PDK_PGP_renk_keidenn     = 
|doare_riegezh            = 
|elfenn_war_ar_riegezh    = 
|darvoud_heverk1          = 
|deiziad_heverk1          = 
|darvoud_heverk2          = 
|deiziad_heverk2          = 
|darvoud_heverk3          = 
|deiziad_heverk3          = 
|darvoud_heverk4          = 
|deiziad_heverk4          = 
|FDD                      = 
|FDD_renk                 = 
|FDD_bloaz                = 
|FDD_rummad               = 
|moneiz                   = 
|kod moneiz               = 
|gwerzhid-eur             = 
|utc_offset               = 
|gwerzhid-eur_eur_hañv    = 
|eur_hañv_notenn          = 
|utc_offset_eur_hañv      = 
|Kod pellgomz             = 
|Kod kenrouedad           = 
|notennoù                 = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Klik</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>25188</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:18Z</timestamp>
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        <id>79554</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="570" sha1="158njpq55txxfolu5mz0o05poi2u56q" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative; width:{{{led|{{{width}}}}}}; height:{{{sav|{{{height}}}}}}; overflow:hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot; position:absolute; font-size:{{{sav}}}; overflow:hidden; line-height:{{{sav}}}; letter-spacing:{{{led}}};&quot; class=&quot;clic&quot;&gt;[[{{{liamm|{{{1}}}}}}|&lt;span title=&quot;{{{titl|{{{liamm|{{{1}}}}}}}}}&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration:none !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;[[Skeudenn:{{{skeudenn|{{{2}}}}}}|{{{led}}}|{{{titl|{{{liamm|{{{1}}}}}}}}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{implijout patromoù}}

[[Rummad:Patromoù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Livadurioù Rubens</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194677</id>
      <parentid>1476831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:02:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="80" sha1="7sdica2gfkgrzjjfjfx3cgw8zrrd6gm" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Peter Paul Rubens}}

[[Rummad:Livadurioù hervez o oberour|Rubens]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rainer Maria Rilke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>+ sinadur</comment>
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      <text bytes="7076" sha1="ghp75gvt9u3a9rrcowk14zzofk3pb60" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Skrivagner
 | anv              = Rainer Maria Rilke
 | skeudenn         = Rilke, 1900.jpg
 | ment             = 200
 | alc'hwez         = Rainer Maria Rilke, 1900
 | anv mat          = René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke
 | anv pluenn       = 
 | obererezh        = Barzh dreist-holl, romantour, daneveller, saver pezhioù-c'hoari
 | deiziad ganet    = D'an {{Deiziad|4|Kerzu|1875}}
 | lec'h ganet      = [[Praha]], [[Bohemia]], &lt;br /&gt;{{Aostria-Hungaria}}
 | deiziad marv     = D'an {{Deiziad|29|Kerzu|1926}}
 | lec'h marv       = [[Montreux (Vaud)|Montreux]], {{Suis}}
 | yezh             = [[alamaneg]], ha [[galleg]] e fin e vuhez
 | luskad           = 
 | rumm             = 
 | enorioù          = 
 | oberennoù pennañ = *''Briefe an einen jungen Dichter (Lizheroù d'ur barzh yaouank)'' (1903-1908)
*''Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge (Notennoù Malte Laurids Brigge)'' (1910)
*''Duineser Elegien (Klemmgan Duino)'' (1912-1922)
 | traoù ouzhpenn   = 
 | sinadur          = Unterschrift Rainer Maria Rilke österreichischer Erzähler und Lyriker.svg
 | ment sinadur     = 
 | lec'hienn        = 
}}
[[Restr:Rainer_Maria_Rilke.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Rainer Maria Rilke (1917)]]

'''Rainer Maria Rilke''' a oa ur barzh [[Aostria|aostrian]] ganet e [[Praha]] d'ar [[4 Kerzu|4 a viz Kerzu]] [[1875]] ha marvet d'an [[29 Kerzu|29 a viz Kerzu]] [[1926]] e [[Montreux]] e [[Suis]]. Gwelet eo evel unan eus ar gwellañ barzhed alamanek.

== Ar yaouankiz ==
Rainer Maria Rilke a zo ganet e Praha d'ar 4 a viz Kerzu 1875. E dad, ofiser en arme, en deus bet un esped micherel dister, hag a echuas e vuhez en ul labourat en un embregerezh trenioù. An emglev etre e dud a zaio war fallaat hag en em disrann a reas ar c'houblad. Ar vamm, Phia Rilke, doueüs ha frink, a bellas diouzh he mab. Rainer-Maria a c'houzañvo ar mank-se e-pad toud e yaouankiz. E oberennoù eus ar prantad-mañ a zo bet levezonet kalz gant an darvoud-mañ. Eus 1882 betek 1890, e zae er skol piarist (skolioù relijiel kenañ) ha goude e skol Sankt-Pölten e [[Aostria]]. E 1890 e krogas gant e studioù soudard e skol-uhel milourel Weisskirchen e [[Moravia]]. Met rankout a reas kuitaat an arme abalamour da gudennoù yec'hed. Kregiñ a reas e gentañ embannadurioù e kazetennoù 'zo. Met e 1891 e kuitaas ar skol-mañ&lt;!--peseurt skol ?--&gt; evit mont en ur skol koñvers e [[Linz]]. Goude, e 1892 e tistroas e Praha e lec'h ma tremenas un tamm amzer er skol-veur (a-benn studiañ al lennegezh, an istor, ar brederouriezh hag istor an arz). E 1896 e zeas da genderc'hel e studioù e skol-veur [[München]].


== Bloavezhioù gant [[Lou Andreas-Salome]] ==
Er gêr-mañ, e kejas gant [[Lou Andreas-Salome]], ha chom a rejont tost kenañ betek fin o buhez (dindan stumm ur garantez platonel). Kregiñ a reas da vat da skrivañ e gentañ barzhonegoù ha deizlevr Wegwarten, ul levr skignet digoust. Gant Salome e veajas e 1897 eus Wolfratshausen e-kichen München betek bannlev Berlin ma chomas betek 1901. E-pad ar c'houlz-se, e skrivas hag e embannas danevelloù evel ''Am Leben him''(A-hed ar vuhez) pe ''Zwei Prager Geschichten'' (Daou istor eus Praha). Etre miz Ebrel ha miz Even 1899, e veajas e Rusia gant Lou hag he gwaz. En em gavout a rejont gant ar skrivagner rusian [[Lyev Tolstoy|Tolstoi]]. Un eil beaj a reas e 1900 ma adwelas ar skrivagner. Goude-se e embannas al levr ''Vom lieben Gott und Anderes'' (Istor an aotroù Doue). E 1901, Rilke a zimezas gant Clara Westhoff, un diskibiez eus Rodin. Eus an eured-mañ, e voe ganet ur plac'h d'an 12 a viz Kerzu 1901 anvet Ruth Rilke. Met ar c'houblad a zispartias ur bloaz war-lerc'h. E miz Eost 1902, e zeas kuit da [[Pariz|Bariz]] m'en doa c'hoant da labourat war ul levr diwar-benn Rodin.

== Servij evit Rodin ==
E miz Ebrel 1903, e zeas kuit eus Pariz. Labourat a reas dreist-holl war e levrioù barzhoniezh o tont. Rilke a zo erruet en ur stad e lec'h ma ne ra nemet beajiñ ha labouraat war e oberenn. E 1904 e veajas e Roma hag e Skandinavia. Ar bloavezh goude e dremenas un tamm-amzer e Berlin met mont a reas da vevañ gant Rodin e Meudon evit bezañ e sekretour ha prientiñ un heuliad prezegennoù diwar-benn e implijour. Labourat a reas e-giz-se betek miz Meurzh e lec'h ma tad Rilke a varvas hag e miz Mae, e zarempredoù gant Rodin a zejiont war fallaat. Met en desped da-se e embannas memestra e levr diwar e benn.

== Eus ar beajoù hag ar brezel betek fin e vuhez ==
Etre 1907 ha 1914 e krogas un heuliad beajoù etre Afrika an Norzh, Bro-[[Egipt]], [[Berlin]], Bro-[[Spagn]], Italia ha [[Bro-C'hall]]. Met paket-berr eo pa darzh ar brezel: sac'het eo e Bro-Alamagn. Soudardet eo bet Bro-Aostria met dieubet un nebeud mizioù diwezhatoc'h e 1916. Goude ar brezel ec'h adkemeras e vuhez graet gant beajoù, labourioù skritur ha prezegennoù bep an amzer met dreist-holl e Bro-Suis. 

E 1922 e echuas ''Die Sonette an Orpheus'' (sonedenn da [[Orfeüs]]) ha ''Duineser Elegien'' (klemmgan Duineser). Met labourat a reas ivez war un droidigezh eus oberenn [[Paul Valéry]]. E 1924 e krogas un heuliad sizhunioù tremenet en ospitalioù. Kenderc'hel a reas da veajiñ etre Bro-Suis ha Pariz met d'an 29 a viz Kerzu, e varvas Rilke gant al [[leukemi]].

== Oberenn ==

* 1893: Feder und Schwert 
* 1894: Leben und Lieder 
* 1895: Larenopfer 
* 1897: Im Frühhfrost 
* 1897: Traumgekrönt 1898, Advent 
* 1898: Ohne Gegenwart 
* 1898: Am Leben hin 
* 1899: Zwei Prager Geschichten 
* 1899: Mir zur Feier 
* 1899: Das Buch vom mönchischen Leben 
* 1899: Der Kardinal 
* 1900: Vom lieben Gott und Anderes 
* 1901: Das Buch von der Pilgerschaft 
* 1902: Die Letzten 
* 1902: Das tägliche Leben 
* 1902: Das Buch der Bilder 
* 1903: Das Buch von der Armut und vom Tode 
* 1904: Geschichten vom lieben Gott 
* 1905: Das Stundenbuch 
* 1906: Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke 
* 1907: Neue Gedichte 
* 1908: Der neuen Gedichte anderer Teil 
* 1909: Die frühen Gedichte 
* 1909: Requiem 
* 1910: Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge 
* 1913: Erste Gedichte 
* 1913: Das Marien-Leben 
* 1915: Sieben Gedichte 
* 1920: Die weiße Fürstin 
* 1923: Die Sonette an Orpheus 
* 1923: Duineser Elegien 
* 1926: Vergers suivi des Quatrains Valaisans 
* 1927: Les Fenêtres 
* 1927: Les Roses 


== E brezhoneg ==

* ''Kanenn hini Langenau'', troet gant [[Olier Mordrel]], Ti-Moulerez Kenwerzel Breiz, Roazhon, war-dro 1932.
* Luskellerezh (barzhoneg) in Al Liamm nn 21 (troet gant Ronan Huon)
* Du-hont... (barzhoneg) in Al Liamm nn 21 (troet gant Ronan Huon)
* Araokaat (barzhoneg) in Al Liamm nn 131 (troet gant Abanna &amp; Alan ar Berr)
* &quot;Mervel a ranker pa anavezer&quot; (barzhoneg) in Al Liamm nn 131 (troet gant Abanna &amp; Alan ar Berr)
* Skridoù Malte Laurids Brigge (Danevell) in Al Liamm nn 293 (troet gant Anke Simon)
* Diskar an devezhioù (Barzhoneg) in Al Liamm nn 376 (troet gant [[Iwan Couée]])

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rilke, Rainer Maria}}
[[Rummad:Skrivagnerien Aostria]]
[[Rummad:Skrivagnerien alamanek]]
[[Rummad:Barzhed alamanek]]
[[Rummad:Ganedigezhioù 1875]]
[[Rummad:Marvioù 1926]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Bigi-dre-lien</title>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="126" sha1="2qfntifryafrnivif90oqtahj8w5i2n" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Sailboats|Bigi-dre-lien}}
{{Commonscat|Sailing ships|Listri-dre-lien}}

[[Rummad:Bigi|Lien]]
[[Rummad:Bageerezh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Prederourien Alamagn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:07:34Z</timestamp>
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[[Rummad:Prederourien hervez o bro|Alamagn]]
[[Rummad:Tud Alamagn hervez o obererezh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kumuniezhioù emren Spagn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:56:42Z</timestamp>
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[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Spagn]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Deiziadurioù</title>
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    <id>30299</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:51:00Z</timestamp>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="96" sha1="596v2omgpz8eqrwl478qvo5salr2zkp" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Calendars}}

[[Rummad:Amzeroniezh]]
[[Rummad:Deiziadoù]]
[[Rummad:Muzul an amzer]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Levrioù gallek</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>31001</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194673</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:01:52Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="58" sha1="4sg1afyub2wsk0wowf5wg23p6sncb5n" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Levrioù hervez o yezh|Galleg]]
[[Rummad:Galleg]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Lennegezh alamanek</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>31484</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194669</id>
      <parentid>2054423</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:00:50Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="107" sha1="ab2gzfvenpdh6jdlxnyvrpq783jpmp6" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|German language literature}}

[[Rummad:Lennegezh hervez ar yezh|alamaneg]]
[[Rummad:Alamaneg]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kanerien Bro-Saoz</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>31612</id>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="116" sha1="4zubovenk1wmyyy7qszscfjhz1z4s8x" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Musicians from the United Kingdom}}

[[Rummad:Kanerien hervez o bro|Saoz]]
[[Rummad:Sonerien Bro-Saoz]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Filmaozerien Japan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>34326</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194639</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:53:04Z</timestamp>
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[[Rummad:Filmaozerien hervez o bro|Japan]]
[[Rummad:Sinema Japan]]
[[Rummad:Arzourien Japan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Filmoù Bro-C'hall</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>34335</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194640</id>
      <parentid>2037868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:53:21Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="104" sha1="3dihz5iraas23pa5vrba6shv4atxq7x" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Films of France}}

[[Rummad:Sinema Bro-C'hall]]
[[Rummad:Filmoù hervez ar vro|Bro-C'hall]]</text>
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    <title>Karol</title>
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    <id>35151</id>
    <redirect title="Carol" />
    <revision>
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    <title>Patrom:Country data Spagn</title>
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| alias = Spagn
| flag alias = Flag of Spain.svg
| flag alias-1506 = Flag of New Spain.svg
| flag alias-1701 = Bandera de España(1701-1748).gif
| flag alias-1785 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
| flag alias-1931 = Flag of the Second Spanish Republic.svg
| flag alias-1939 = Flag of the Spain Under Franco.png
| flag alias-1977 = Bandera de España(1977-1981).gif
| flag alias-civil = Flag of Spain (civil variant).svg
| link alias-naval = Spanish Navy
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1506
| var2 = 1701
| var3 = 1785
| var4 = 1931
| var5 = 1939
| var6 = 1977
| var7 = civil
| redir1 = ESP
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Rummad:Patromoù Spagn]]
[[Rummad:Country data templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Patrom:Infobox Embregerezh</title>
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|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | {{#switch:{{{anv ofisiel|}}}
 | |  = {{#switch:{{{logo|}}}
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|- 
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | {{#switch:{{{logo|}}}
 | |  = 
 |#default = {{{logo|}}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;
 }}
|- 
{{#if: {{{furm wirel|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Furmoù#embregerezhioù|Furm&amp;nbsp;wirel]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{furm wirel}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{deiziad krouiñ|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[:Rummad:Embregerezhioù dre zeiziad diazezañ|Krouidigezh]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{deiziad krouiñ}}}}} 
|- 
{{#if: {{{date de disparition|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[:Catégorie:Entreprise par date de disparition|Disparition]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{date de disparition}}}}} 
|- 
{{#if: {{{deiziadoù pennañ|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} Dates&amp;nbsp;clés&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{deiziadoù pennañ}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{lugan|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Lugan]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{lugan}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{sez (ker)|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Sez ar c'hevredad|Sez&amp;nbsp;ar c'hevredad]]&amp;nbsp;: 
{{!}} {{{sez (ker)}}} {{#if: {{{sez (bro)|}}}| {{{{{sez (bro)}}}}} }} }}
|- 
{{#if: {{{pennoù-bras|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[:Rummad:Tud a afer|Pennoù-bras]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{pennoù-bras}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{kevranneien|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Kevranneien]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{kevranneien}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{gennadoù labourerezh|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Gennad labourerezh|Gennadoù&amp;nbsp;labourerezh]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{gennadoù labourerezh}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{produioù|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Produ (marketing)|Produioù]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{produioù}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{penngevredad|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} penngevredad&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{penngevredad}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{iskevredadoù|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Iskevredad]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{iskevredadoù}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{kevezerien|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} Kevezerien&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{kevezerien}}}}}
|- 
{{#if: {{{niver implijidi|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} Niver&amp;nbsp;implijidi&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{niver implijidi}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{kevaladur yalc'h|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Kevaladur yalc'h|Kevaladur]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{kevaladur yalc'h}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{kevalaoù piaoul|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Kevalaoù piaoul|Kavalaoù&amp;nbsp;piaoul]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{kevalaoù piaoul}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{dle|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Dle]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{dle}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{kengreadur|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Kengreadur|Kengreadur]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{kengreadur}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{somme du bilan (banques)|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Somme du bilan|somme&amp;nbsp;du&amp;nbsp;bilan]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{somme du bilan (banques)}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{primes brut (assurances)|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Encaissement brut des primes|Primes brut]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{primes brut (assurances)}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{disoc'h rik|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Disoc'h rik|Disoc'h&amp;nbsp;rik]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{disoc'h rik}}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{lec'hienn web|}}} |
! align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; {{!}} [[Lec'hienn Web]]&amp;nbsp;:
{{!}} {{{lec'hienn web}}}}}
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[[Rummad:Patromoù infobox|Embregerezh]]

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[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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  <page>
    <title>Azen</title>
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      <text bytes="11640" sha1="gyyhth3kdlgr8uafak3ff1ybqp5li3o" xml:space="preserve">{{Implijoù all}}
{{Taxobox Loen  | Azen| Ane Chanteraines.jpg }}
{{Taxobox Phylum  | Chordata }}
{{Taxobox Classis  | Mammalia}}
{{Taxobox Ordo   | Perissodactyla}}
{{Taxobox Familia | Equidae}}
{{Taxobox Genus   | Equus}}
{{Taxobox Anv skiantel |Equus asinus| [[Linnaeus]], [[1758]] }}
{{Taxobox Echu}}
'''Azen''' eo an anv a vez graet eus ul loen pevarzroadek ha [[bronnek]] kar d'ar c'hezeg. '''Azenez''' a vez graet eus ar barez. 

Doñvaet eo bet an ezen gant [[Henegiptiz]], met gouennoù [[azen gouez|ezen gouez]] zo en [[Afrika]] hag en [[Azia]].

== O neuz ==
Diwar-benn an ezen e c'haller lavarout: 
* int bihanoc'h eget ar [[marc'h|c'hezeg]] ;
* eo hiroc'h o divskouarn ;
* eo troet o daoulagad war-zu pezh zo dirazo, pa n'eo ket gwir evit ar c'hezeg ;
* eo louet o blevenn dre vras, nemet o c'hof hag o min, ha tro-dro o daoulagad a zo gwenn. 

Gouennoù zo a zo du o blevenn (azen [[Berry]]), pe gell (azen [[Poatev]]), pe gwenn (azen Egipt). War ar re louet e weler ur groaz du, anvet « [[kroaz sant Andrev]] ». 

Livioù etre louet ha gell zo d'ar gouennoù gouez, gell-ruz zoken a-wechoù (kiang [[Tibet]]).

[[Restr:Monumento a Cervantes (Madrid) 10b.jpg|thumb|200px| Azen [[Sancho Panza]] .]]

== Gouennoù disheñvel ==

Dre o neuzioù disheñvel (penn, blev, gouzoug, pavioù) e reer ar c'hemm etre ar gouennoù: 

* an azen boutin (''[[Equus asinus]]'') a gaver e pep bro.
* azen gouez Azia (''[[Equus hemionus]]'') a vev en kreiz [[Azia]] ;
* azen gouez Persia (''Equus hemionus onager'') a vev en [[Iran]], 
* ar ouenn [[Kiang]] en [[Himalaya]] ;
* azen gouez [[Afrika]] (''[[Equus africanus]])'' a vev e Reterafrika, en [[Somalia]] dreist-holl.

Diwar an ezen doñv ez eus deuet gouennoù gouez en [[Aostralia]] hag en [[Amerika]] .

Ur spesad [[albinos]] a zo ivez en enez [[Asinara]] er-maez da gornôg [[Sardinia]].

=== En Gall ===
Seizh gouenn zo anavezet gant Ministrerezh al Labour-Douar gall hag ar Marchosioù Broadel gall. 

* ''azen Poatev'', &lt;!--le [[Baudet du Poitou]] qui mesure entre 1,40 et 1,56 m au [[garrot (quadrupède)|garrot]] et pèse de 300 à 410 kg ; sa [[robe (cheval)|robe]] est velue et va du [[bai]] brun au noir, les oreilles sont grandes et en éventail--&gt;

* ''azen Berry''
{|
|[[Restr:AzenGrandNoirduBerry.JPG|left|thumb|160px|Un azen ''Grand Noir du Berry'']]
|}
&lt;!--
* le [[Âne grand noir du Berry|Grand Noir du Berry]] qui mesure entre 1,35 et 1,45 m au garrot ; sa robe est bai brun à bai brun foncé sans bande cruciale (bande de poils foncés au travers du garrot) ni [[raie de mulet]] (bande de poils foncés le long du dos) et sans zébrures ; le ventre est gris-blanc ainsi que le bout du nez et le contour des yeux, les oreilles de grande dimension et bien droites ;--&gt;

* ''azen Kotentin''
&lt;!--
* l'[[Âne du Cotentin|âne du Cotentin]] qui mesure entre 1,15 et 1,35 m au garrot ; sa robe est gris cendré, gris bleuté ou tourterelle avec ou sans zébrures sur les membres et raie de mulet ou bande cruciale ; le ventre est gris-blanc, les oreilles sont plus foncées sur les contours et à la base ;
--&gt;

* ''an azen norman''
&lt;!--
* l'[[Âne normand|âne de Normandie]] qui mesure de 1,10 à 1,25 m au garrot ; sa robe est bai brun avec bande cruciale, le ventre est gris-blanc, les oreilles de bonne dimension bien ouvertes avec l'intérieur plus clair, et l'œil a un contour blanc ;
--&gt;
* ''azen Provañs''
&lt;!--
* l'[[Âne de Provence|âne de Provence]] qui mesure entre 1,20 et 1,33 m au garrot ; sa robe est à dominante gris tourterelle pouvant varier du gris très clair au gris très foncé nuancé de roux et de marron avec une bande cruciale bien marquée ; le tour des yeux est souvent blanc ainsi que le bout des lèvres et l'encolure est épaisse ;--&gt;

* ''azen ar Pireneoù''
&lt;!--
* l'[[Âne des Pyrénées|âne des Pyrénées]]  (comprenant les deux types gascon et catalan) qui est de grande taille car il peut mesurer jusqu'1,60 m au garrot ; sa robe est noire brillant à bai brun foncé avec le bout du nez, le contour des yeux et le ventre décolorés ; le poil est très ras, les oreilles sont grandes et bien droites ;--&gt;

* azen ar Bourbonnais
&lt;!--
* l'[[Âne Bourbonnais|âne Bourbonnais]] qui mesure de 1,18 à 1,32 au garrot et qui est trapu avec une longue queue ; sa robe est nuancée dans les tons chocolat avec une bande cruciale et le ventre et le bout du nez gris à gris clair.--&gt;

== Gouennañ ==
E galleg e vez graet ''baudet'' eus ne vern pe azen-gouennañ, ouzhpenn ''azen Poatev'', anvet e galleg &quot;baudet du Poitou&quot; ([[:fr:baudet du Poitou]]).

Etre 12 ha 13 miz e vez an azenez o tougen, ouzhpennik a-wechoù. Un tamm muioc'h evit ar gazeg eta (etre 10 ha 12 miz).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--
Elle est en chaleurs toutes les 4 semaines durant toute l'année.
Les [[hybride]]s de l’âne :
* [[bardot]] ou bardine : [[âne|ânesse]] + [[cheval|étalon]]
* mulet ou [[mulet|mule]] : [[âne]] + [[jument]]
* [[zébrâne]] ou donzèbre : [[âne]] + [[zèbre]]
--&gt;

== Talvoudegezh an ezen ==
[[Restr:Ane Cappadoce.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Kouer e [[Kappadokia]] gant e azen]]
Pell amzer e voe implijet an ezen doñvaet evel ar c'hezeg, rak nebeutoc'h e kouste o magañ, hag e broioù zo e vez graet ''«kezeg ar re baour''» anezho. Ouzhpenn-se e c'hall an azen krapat gant diribinoù, se zo kaoz e veze implijet er menezioù ha war zouaroù meinek.

== Laezh ==
Al [[laezh azen]] (azenezed, kentoc'h) a zo damheñvel e berzhioù ouzh hini ar maouezed. 

== Kig ==
E Provañs e vez graet silzig sec'h gant kig azen. 

&lt;!--
Attelé, monté ou [[bât]]é, l'âne a longtemps été utilisé comme moyen de transport. Il est aujourd'hui de plus en plus employé pour assurer le [[portage]] des affaires des [[randonnée|randonneurs]] en [[montagne]]. Dans le [[Cévennes|massif cévenol]], cette utilisation [[tourisme|touristique]] trouve son inspiration dans un livre de [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], ''[[Voyage avec un âne dans les Cévennes]]''.

== Culture associée à l'âne==
[[Image:Democratslogo.svg|thumb|left|100px|Logo du [[Parti démocrate (États-Unis)|Parti démocrate]].]]
L'âne a toujours eu une place importante dans la vie des peuples [[méditerranée]]ns. Aujourd'hui encore, il est tout un [[symbole]] en [[Provence]] et est même sacré en [[Corse]]. La sous-espèce d'[[âne catalan]] est un symbole de la [[Catalogne]].

Si on associe l'âne à la bêtise, certainement du fait de son opiniâtreté mais aussi du fait de l'expérience de pensée de l'''âne de [[Jean Buridan|Buridan]]'' Un âne ne fera pas une chose qu'il n'a pas comprise, il est prudent. C'est pour cela qu'il est sûr en montagne. 

Le fameux bonnet d'âne qui punissait les cancres autrefois avait pour but de conférer l'intelligence de l'âne au cancre. Avec le temps, sa signification a évolué et l'âne a acquis de ce fait une réputation injustifiée qui est ensuite passée dans le langage courant. Exemples : faire une ânerie (bêtise), tu es un âne (sot).

L'âne est également le symbole (non officiel) du [[Parti démocrate (États-Unis)|Parti démocrate]] des [[États-Unis]].

''Voir aussi : [[Idiotisme animalier]].''
--&gt;
== Sotoni ==
Lakaet eo bet an azen da sot dre ma n'eo ket ul loen ken sentus hag ar marc'h. Kavout a ra d'e zifennerien eo dousoc'h ha speredkoc'h avat, hag e fell dezhañ kompren a-raok sentiñ. War evezh e vez atav, ha setu perak eo diogeloc'h e gerzhed er menezioù.

== Ezen brudet ==
[[Restr:Frédé et Boronali.jpg|thumb|right|225px|An tad Frédé hag e azen Lolo, lesanvet Boronali, dirak kabared al ''[[Lapin Agile]]''.]]
[[Restr:Boronali - Coucher de Soleil sur l'Adriatique.jpg|right|thumb|300px|''Coucher de soleil sur l'Adriatique'', pennoberenn Boronali, er ''Salon des Indépendants'' e 1911.]]
* An Azen Aour e romant latin [[Apuleus]] 
* Azen ar gontadenn [[Kroc'hen Azen]], gant [[Charles Perrault]]
* Azen [[Buridan]]
* Aliboron, anv an azen e meur a fablenn gant [[Jean de La Fontaine]]
* Boronali, anv savet diwar ''Aliboron'', anv arzour an azen ''Lolo'', a livas un daolenn gant e lost, hag a c'hounezas ur priz en ur saloñs e Pariz er bloavezhioù 1900
* Cadichon, azen ar romant gallek ''Mémoires d'un âne'' gant [[Sophie Rostopchine, comtesse de Ségur|kontez Ségur]]
* Modestine, azenez [[Robert Louis Stevenson|Stevenson]]
* [[Platero]], el levr &quot;Platero y yo&quot;, gant [[Juan Ramón Jiménez]], [[priz Nobel al Lennegezh]]
* an azen [[Trotig]], e levrioù ha fiñvdresadennoù evit bugale
* an azen Balthazar, er film gallek ''Au hasard Balthazar'' gant Bresson
* an azen Culotte, er romant gallek ''L'Ane Culotte'', gant [[Henri Bosco]]. 

== Troiennoù ==
* ''Azen gornek!'' kunujenn
* ''Taol troad an azen''. Diwar un droienn c'hallek deuet eus unan eus Fablennoù [[Jean de La Fontaine]], ''Ar Leon aet da vout kozh'', savet diwar ur fablenn gant [[Phaedrus]]. Arouez an dreitouriezh.

== Lavaredoù ==
:''Bezañ evel azen Lizilour'', 
:''Ha ne boanie na gant taolioù bazh na dre gomzoù flour''.

=== Krennlavaroù ===
* ''Azen dre natur ne oar ket lenn e skritur''.
* ''An hini a lavar e oar pep tra A ziskouez eo an azenañ.''
* ''Un azen bev zo gwelloc’h eget daou varc’h marv''.

== Hag ivez ==
* ''Asinus asinum fricat a zo daou azen o'n em lipat''. [[Jakez Riou]], An Ti Satanazet. Frazenn meneget gantañ diwar ul levr-skol latin, hag ur bomm brezhonek da zegas ur glotenn.
* ''Moulpenn'', lesanv an azen hervez ''Fablennoù Jean de La Fontaine'', troet gant [[Yves Louis Marie Combeau]] ha [[Daniel Doujet]] (notennoù, pajenn 506).

== Arz ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Louis Le Nain 005.jpg|[[Louis le Nain]]
August Macke 007.jpg|[[August Macke]] - ''Marc'heger war un azen'' ([[1914]])
Isaac Israels - Donkeyride.jpg | [[Isaac Israels]] - ''Ezeltje rijden op het strand'' - 1898-1900.
Lid Nishapur MET38-40-279.jpg | Golo gant un tigr war-lerc'h un azen, {{Xvet}}-{{XIIvet}} kantved, [[Nishapur]].
Cup donkey Louvre OA7475.jpg | Kib gant un azen. Pri-poazh,, [[Iran]], {{XIIvet}}-{{XIIIvet}} kantved.
Eva Gonzalès - - The Donkey Ride.jpg | [[Eva Gonzalès]], ''Pourmenadenn war un azen'' - 1880
Donkey head rhyton Louvre Cp3555.jpg | [[Rhyton]] e stumm ur penn azen, o skeudenniñ [[Dionysos]]. &lt;small&gt;Eus [[Aten]], 440–430 kent JK. Mirdi al [[Louvre]].&lt;/small&gt; 
9836 - Milano - Sant'Ambrogio - Pergamo (secc. XI-XII) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 25-Apr-2007.jpg | Azen o seniñ al lourenn. Izelvos, {{XIvet}}-{{XIIvet}}, Sant'Ambrogio, [[Milano]]
Burro (PSF).jpg
Pirosmani. man on donkey.jpg | ''Gwaz war un azen'', gant [[Niko Pirosmani]], war-dro 1900.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Commons | Category:Donkeys in art|Ezen}}

=== Liammoù ===
{{Wikeriadur|azen}}
* {{fr}} Salomon Reinach, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071208055426/http://www.psychanalyse-paris.com/667-Le-culte-de-l-ane.html Azenazeulerezh], ''Cultes, Mythes et Religions'', Tome I, Éditions Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1905, p. 342-346.
* {{fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20061129060133/http://trictrac.aquitain.free.fr/eloge-asne.htm Eloge de l'Asne], gant dom Joseph Cajot embannet en 1769 e Londrez.
* {{fr}} [http://www.asinerie.net/ Asinerie du Net], ezen ha muled .
* {{fr}} [http://bourricotandco.free.fr Bourricot and Co, Le monde des ânes sur le web : actualité, infos, sélection de sites et annuaire]
* {{fr}} [http://www.cotentane.com/ Elevage Cotent'âne], l'âne du Cotentin.
* {{fr}} [http://www.ane-et-rando.com Fédération nationale ânes et randonnées]
* {{fr}} [http://www.anapt.net Fédération nationale des ânes miniatures et de petite taille]
* {{ca}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809074442/https://fuives.com/ FUIVES - Catalan donkey's worldwide center]

[[Rummad:Equidae]]
[[Rummad:Bronneged]]</text>
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Evit gouzout hiroc'h, sellit ouzh [[Wikipedia:Pennadoù mat#{{PAGENAME}}|roll ar pennadoù mat]].
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[[Rummad:Pennadoù mat|!]]
[[Rummad:Patromoù pennadoù mat]]

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[[rummad:Patromoù daveoù]]
[[rummad:Patromoù Levrlennadurezh]]

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[[Rummad:Lennegezh Kembre]]
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|title      = {{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;[[{{{2}}}]]|&lt;!--else:--&gt;[[{{{1|}}} Europa]]}}
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| group1  = [[Roll ar stadoù dizalc'h|Stadoù dizalc'h]]
| list1   = [[{{{1|}}} Albania|Albania]] • [[{{{1|}}} Andorra|Andorra]] • [[{{{1|}}} Armenia|Armenia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Aostria|Aostria]] • [[{{{1|}}} Azerbaidjan|Azerbaidjan]] • [[{{{1|}}} Belarus|Belarus]] • [[{{{1|}}} Belgia|Belgia]] • {{nowrap|[[{{{1|}}} Bosnia ha Herzegovina|Bosnia ha Herzegovina]]}} • [[{{{1|}}} Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] • [[{{{1|}}} Kroatia|Kroatia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Kiprenez|Kiprenez]] • {{nowrap|[[{{{1|}}} Republik Tchek|Republik Tchek]]}} • [[{{{1|}}} Danmark|Danmark]] • [[{{{1|}}} Estonia|Estonia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Finland|Finland]] • [[{{{1|}}} Bro-C'hall|Bro-C'hall]] • [[{{{1|}}} Jorjia (bro)|Jorjia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Alamagn|Alamagn]] • [[{{{1|}}} Gres|Gres]] • [[{{{1|}}} Hungaria|Hungaria]] • [[{{{1|}}} Island|Island]] • [[{{{1|}}} Iwerzhon|Iwerzhon]] • [[{{{1|}}} Italia|Italia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Kazakstan|Kazakstan]] • [[{{{1|}}} Latvia|Latvia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]] • [[{{{1|}}} Lituania|Lituania]] • [[{{{1|}}} Luksembourg|Luksembourg]] • {{nowrap|[[{{{1|}}} Makedonia an Norzh]]}} • &lt;!--Please do not sort this entry under &quot;R&quot; - thanks!--&gt;[[{{{1|}}} Malta|Malta]] • [[{{{1|}}} Moldova|Moldova]] • [[{{{1|}}} Monako|Monako]] • [[{{{1|}}} Montenegro|Montenegro]] • an [[{{{1|}}} Izelvroioù|Izelvroioù]] • [[{{{1|}}} Norvegia|Norvegia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Polonia|Polonia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Portugal|Portugal]] • [[{{{1|}}} Roumania|Roumania]] • [[{{{1|}}} Rusia|Rusia]] • {{nowrap|[[{{{1|}}} San Marino|San Marino]]}} • [[{{{1|}}} Serbia|Serbia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Slovakia|Slovakia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Slovenia|Slovenia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Spagn|Spagn]] • [[{{{1|}}} Sveden|Sveden]] • [[{{{1|}}} Suis|Suis]] • [[{{{1|}}} Turkia|Turkia]] • [[{{{1|}}} Ukraina|Ukraina]] • {{nowrap|[[{{{1|}}} Rouantelezh-Unanet|Rouantelezh-Unanet]]}}&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{UK_only|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;&lt;!--nothing (i.e. omit the following)--&gt; |&lt;!--else:--&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[{{{1|}}} Bro-Saoz|Bro-Saoz]] • [[{{{1|}}} Bro-Skos|Bro-Skos]] • [[{{{1|}}} Norzhiwerzhon|Norzhiwerzhon]] • [[{{{1|}}} Kembre|Kembre]])&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;!--Vatican City made optional for sake of topics such as &quot;Islam in&quot;, &quot;Buddhism in&quot;, etc:--&gt;{{#ifexist:{{{1|}}} Vatikan |&lt;!--then:--&gt; • {{nowrap|[[{{{1|}}} Keoded ar Vatikan|Vatikan]]}} |&lt;!--else:--&gt;&lt;!--(omit Vatican City)--&gt;}}

|group2 = {{#if:{{{countries_only|}}} |&lt;!--then:--&gt;&lt;!--nothing (i.e. omit the following)--&gt; |&lt;!--else:--&gt;[[Emrenerezh|Tiriadoù emren]], ha&lt;br&gt;[[Tiriad|tiriadoù heverk]]}}
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}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;!--Rummadoù--&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù Europa]]

&lt;!--Yezhoù all--&gt;
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      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="8kzqxqwyhp21r5vdafihmkk32qqpxkp" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Louis Hémon]]</text>
      <sha1>8kzqxqwyhp21r5vdafihmkk32qqpxkp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Gr icon</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>41120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194587</id>
      <parentid>1277877</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="cf0sj4rvmlvfgabgxkia6ax33h3stkb" xml:space="preserve">{{Languageicon|el|Gresianeg}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cf0sj4rvmlvfgabgxkia6ax33h3stkb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Embregerezhioù embann</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>42088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194635</id>
      <parentid>2037896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194635</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="135" sha1="comlhz93ubvs7kywf06imeqw99djvka" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Publishing houses|Tiez-embann}}
{{Commonscat|Publishers|Embannerien}}

[[Rummad:Embregerezhioù|Embann]]
[[Rummad:Embann]]</text>
      <sha1>comlhz93ubvs7kywf06imeqw99djvka</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Roll ar melestradurezhioù o deus embannet timbroù</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>42868</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194717</id>
      <parentid>2194484</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:48:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tanjee</username>
        <id>563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Afrika */</comment>
      <origin>2194717</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16643" sha1="0eqow86913fgvs8w5wu4c01jq1lsf9h" xml:space="preserve">Setu roll ar melestradurezhioù o deus embannet [[Timbr|timbroù]].

== [[Afrika]] ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Tiriad gall pobloù Afar hag Issa|Tiriad gall pobloù Afar hag Issa]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika ar C’heheder C’hall|Afrika ar C'heheder C'hall]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika ar C'hornaoueg C'hall|Afrika ar C'hornaoueg C'hall]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika ar C'hornaoueg Spagnol|Afrika ar C’hornaoueg Spagnol]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika bortugalek|Afrika bortugalek]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika ar Reter alaman|Afrika ar Reter alaman]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika ar Reter italian|Afrika ar Reter italian]]
*[[Timbroù Afrika ar Reter saoz|Afrika ar Reter saoz]]
*[[Timbroù Sahara ar C'hornôg|La Agüera]]
*[[Timbroù Aljeria|Aljeria]]
*[[Timbroù Anjouan|Anjouan]]
*[[Timbroù Aod an Aour|Aod an Aour]]
*[[Timbroù Aod an Niger|Aod an Niger]]
*[[Timbroù Djibouti|Aod c'hall ar Somalianed]]
*[[Timbroù Ascension|Ascension]]
*[[Timbroù Basoutoland|Basoutoland]]
*[[Timbroù Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland]]
*[[Timbroù Cyrenaica|Benghazi]]
*[[Timbroù Benin|Benin]]
*[[Timbroù Biafra|Biafra]]
*[[Timbroù Botswana|Botswana]]
*[[Timbroù Sahara ar C'hornôg|Cabo Juby]]
*[[Timbroù Cyrenaica|Cyrenaica]]
*[[Timbroù Benin|Dahomey]]
*[[Timbroù Diego-Suárez|Diego-Suárez]]
*[[Timbroù Djibouti|Djibouti]]
*[[Timbroù Egipt|Egipt]]
*[[Timbroù Egipt - Burevioù gall|Egipt - Burevioù gall]]
*[[Timbroù Elobey, Annobón ha Corrisco|Elobey, Annobón ha Corrisco]]
*[[Timbroù Enez ar Reünion|Enez ar Reünion]]
*[[Timbroù Enezeg an Azorez|Enezeg an Azorez]]
*[[Timbroù Eritrea|Eritrea]]
*[[Timbroù Fernando Poo|Fernando Poo]]
*[[Timbroù Fezzan Ghadames|Fezzan Ghadames]]
*[[Timbroù Gambia|Gambia]]
*[[Timbroù Ginea Frañs|Ginea Frañs]]
*[[Timbroù Griqualand|Griqualand]]
*[[Timbroù Ifni|Ifni]]
*[[Timbroù Inhambane|Inhambane]]
*[[Timbroù Itron Varia Madagaskar|Itron Varia Madagaskar]]
*[[Timbroù Joubaland|Joubaland]]
*[[Timbroù Kab ar Spi Mat|Kab ar Spi Mat]]
*[[Timbroù Su Kasaï|Su Kasaï]]
*[[Timbroù Katanga|Katanga]]
*[[Timbroù Kenya|Kenya]]
*[[Timbroù Kenya hag Ouganda|Kenya hag Ouganda]]
*[[Timbroù Kenya Ouganda Tanganyika|Kenya Ouganda Tanganyika]]
*[[Timbroù Kionga|Kionga]]
*[[Timbroù Kompagnunezh Vreizh-Veur evit Su-Afrika|Kompagnunezh Vreizh-Veur evit Su-Afrika]]
*[[Timbroù Kongo Frañs|Kongo Frañs]]
*[[Timbroù Kongo Grenn|Kongo Grenn]]
*[[Timbroù Kongo Velgia|Kongo Velgia]]
*[[Timbroù Republik Demokratel Kongo|Republik Demokratel Kongo]]
*[[Timbroù Kreizafrika saoz|Kreizafrika saoz]]
*[[Timbroù Lagos|Lagos]]
*[[Timbroù Lesotho|Lesotho]]
*[[Timbroù Lourenço Marques|Lourenço Marques]]
*[[Timbroù Maouritania|Maouritania]]
*[[Timbroù Maroko spagnol|Maroko spagnol]]
*[[Timbroù Mervent Afrika|Mervent Afrika]]
*[[Timbroù Moheli|Moheli]]
*[[Timbroù Mozambik|Mozambik]]
*[[Timbroù Postoù prevez Mozambik|Postoù prevez Mozambik]]
*[[Timbroù Namibia|Namibia]]
*[[Timbroù Natal|Natal]]
*[[Timbroù Niger|Niger]]
*[[Timbroù Nosy Be|Nosy Be]]
*[[Timbroù Nyasaland|Nyasaland]]
*[[Timbroù Obock|Obock]]
*[[Timbroù an Oubangi-Chari|Oubangi-Chari]]
*[[Timbroù Bro-Orañje|Bro-Orañje]]
*[[Timbroù Quelimane|Quelimane]]
*[[Timbroù Republik Nevez Suafrika|Republik Nevez Suafrika]]
*[[Timbroù Sahara ar C'hornôg|Rio de Oro]]
*[[Timbroù Rodezia|Rodezia]]
*[[Timbroù Rodezia an Norzh|Rodezia an Norzh]]
*[[Timbroù Rodezia ar Su|Rodezia ar Su]]
*[[Timbroù Rodezia ha Nyasaland|Rodezia ha Nyasaland]]
*[[Timbroù Ruanda-Urundi|Ruanda-Urundi]]
*[[Timbroù Sahara ar C'hornôg|Sahara ar C'hornôg]]
*[[Timbroù Sechelez|Sechelez]]
*[[Timbroù Senegal|Senegal]]
*[[Timbroù Senegal-Uhel ha Niger|Senegal-Uhel ha Niger]]
*[[Timbroù Senegambia ha Niger|Senegambia ha Niger]]
*[[Timbroù Somalia|Somalia]]
*[[Timbroù Somalia italian|Somalia italian]]
*[[Timbroù Somaliland saoz|Somaliland saoz]]
*[[Timbroù Soudan c'hall|Soudan c'hall]]
*[[Timbroù Stellaland|Stellaland]]
*[[Timbroù Stadoù emren Suafrika|Stadoù emren Suafrika]]
*[[Timbroù Swaziland|Swaziland]]
*[[Timbroù Tanganyika|Tanganyika]]
*[[Timbroù Tchad|Tchad]]
*[[Timbroù Tete|Tete]]
*[[Timbroù Transvaal|Transvaal]]
*[[Timbroù Tripolitania|Tripolitania]]
*[[Timbroù Republik Demokratel Kongo|Zair]]
*[[Timbroù Zambezia|Zambezia]]
*[[Timbroù Zambia|Zambia]]
*[[Timbroù Zanzibar - Burevioù gall|Zanzibar - Burevioù gall]]
*[[Timbroù Zanzibar|Zanzibar]]
*[[Timbroù Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
*[[Timbroù Zoulouland|Zoulouland]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[Amerika]] ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Anguilla|Anguilla]]
*[[Timbroù Antigua|Antigua]]
*[[Timbroù an Antilhez Bihanañ saoz|Antilhez Bihanañ saoz]]
*[[Timbroù Antilhez Danmark|Antilhez Danmark]]
*[[Timbroù an Antilhez Nederlandat|Antilhez Nederlandat]]
*[[Timbroù Antilhez Spagn|Antilhez Spagn]]
*[[Timbroù Aruba|Aruba]]
*[[Timbroù Bahamas|Bahamas]]
*[[Timbroù Barbuda|Barbuda]]
*[[Timbroù Belize|Belize]]
*[[Timbroù Bermuda|Bermuda]]
*[[Timbroù Bolivia|Bolivia]]
*[[Timbroù Brunswick-Nevez|Brunswick-Nevez]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Turks ha Caicos|Caicos]]
*[[Timbroù Chile|Chile]]
*[[Timbroù Corrientes|Corrientes]]
*[[Timbroù Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]
*[[Timbroù Curaçao|Curaçao]]
*[[Timbroù Dominika|Dominika]]
*[[Timbroù an Douar-Nevez|Douar-Nevez]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Grenadinez (norzh)|Inizi Grenadinez (norzh)]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Grenadinez (su)|Inizi Grenadinez (su)]]
*[[Timbroù Greunland|Greunland]]
*[[Timbroù Guatemala|Guatemala]]
*[[Timbroù Gwadeloup|Gwadeloup]]
*[[Timbroù Gwiana c'hall|Gwiana c'hall]]
*[[Timbroù Gwiana saoz|Gwiana saoz]]
*[[Timbroù Honduras Breizh-Veur|Honduras Breizh Veur]]
*[[Timbroù Inini|Inini]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Cayman|Inizi Cayman]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Gwerc’h Breizh-Veur|Inizi Gwerc’h Breizh-Veur]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Maloù|Inizi Maloù]] 
*[[Timbroù Jamaika|Jamaika]]
*[[Timbroù Kolombia Breizh-Veur hag Enez Vancouver|Kolombia Breizh-Veur hag Enez Vancouver]]
*[[Timbroù Martinik|Martinik]]
*[[Timbroù Montserrat|Montserrat]]
*[[Timbroù Nevis|Nevis]]
*[[Timbroù Panama|Panama]]
*[[Timbroù Paraguay|Paraguay]]
*[[Timbroù Perou|Perou]]
*[[Timbroù Enez ar Priñs-Edward|Enez ar Priñs-Edward]]
*[[Timbroù Sant Kitts|Sant Kitts]]
*[[Timbroù Sant Kitts ha Nevis|Sant Kitts ha Nevis]]
*[[Timbroù Santez-Lusia|Santez-Lusia]]
*[[Timbroù Sant-Martin|Sant-Martin]]
*[[Timbroù Sant-Pêr-ha-Mikelon|Sant-Pêr-ha-Mikelon]]
*[[Timbroù Sant Visant|Sant Visant]]
*[[Timbroù Skos Nevez|Skos Nevez]]
*[[Timbroù Stadoù-Unanet Kolombia|Stadoù-Unanet Kolombia]]
*[[Timbroù Surinam|Surinam]]
*[[Timbroù Tobago|Tobago]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Turks ha Caicos|Inizi Turks ha Caicos]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[Antarktika]] hag all ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Antarktika - Tiriad Breizh-Veur|Antarktika - Tiriad Breizh-Veur]]
*[[Timbroù Antarktika – Tiriad Bro-C’hall|Antarktika - Tiriad Bro-C'hall]]
*[[Timbroù Tiriad Zeland-Nevez|Antarktika - Tiriad Zeland-Nevez]]
*[[Timbroù Georgia ar Su|Georgia ar Su]]
*[[Timbroù Saint Helena|Saint Helena]]
*[[Timbroù Tristan da Cunha|Tristan da Cunha]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[Azia]] ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Abc'hazia|Abc'hazia]]
*[[Timbroù Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]
*[[Timbroù Âlwâr|Âlwâr]]
*[[Timbroù Annam ha Tonkin|Annam ha Tonkin]]
*[[Timbroù Armenia|Armenia]]
*[[Timbroù Azerbaidjan|Azerbaidjan]]
*[[Timbroù Bahawalpour|Bahawalpour]]
*[[Timbroù Bangkok|Bangkok]]
*[[Timbroù Bamra|Bamra]]
*[[Timbroù Barwani|Barwani]]
*[[Timbroù Batoum|Batoum]]
*[[Timbroù Bhopal|Bhopal]]
*[[Timbroù Bhor|Bhor]]
*[[Timbroù Bijawar|Bijawar]]
*[[Timbroù Borneo an Norzh|Borneo an Norzh]]
*[[Timbroù Bouchir|Bouchir]]
*[[Timbroù Brunei|Brunei]]
*[[Timbroù Bundi|Bundi]]
*[[Timbroù Chamba|Chambâ]]
*[[Timbroù Datia|Datia]]
*[[Timbroù Dhâr|Dhâr]]
*[[Timbroù Dungarpour|Dungarpour]]
*[[Timbroù Faridkot|Faridkot]]
*[[Timbroù Formoza (Taiwan)|Formoza (Taiwan)]]
*[[Timbroù Gwalior|Gwalior]]
*[[Timbroù Ginea-Nevez ar C'hornaoueg|Ginea-Nevez ar C'hornaoueg]]
*[[Timbroù Holkar|Holkar]]
*[[Timbroù Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
*[[Timbroù Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]
*[[Timbroù Idar|Idar]]
*[[Timbroù Indez Breizh-Veur|Indez Breizh-Veur]]
*[[Timbroù Indez-Sina c'hall|Indez-Sina c'hall]]
*[[Timbroù India - Tiriadoù gall|India - Tiriadoù gall]]
*[[Timbroù Jaipour|Jaipour]]
*[[Timbroù Jammu-ha-Kachmir|Jammu-ha-Kachmir]]
*[[Timbroù Jasdan|Jasdan]]
*[[Timbroù Jhalawar|Jhalawar]]
*[[Timbroù Jhind|Jhind]]
*[[Timbroù Kambodja|Kambodja]]
*[[Timbroù Kazac'hstan|Kazac'hstan]]
*[[Timbroù Kedah|Kedah]]
*[[Timbroù Kiav-Tchou|Kiav-Tchou]]
*[[Timbroù Kirgizstan|Kirgizstan]]
*[[Timbroù Kishangârh|Kishangârh]]
*[[Timbroù Kochin|Kochin]]
*[[Timbroù Kochin-Sina|Kochin-Sina]]
*[[Timbroù Labuan|Labuan]]
*[[Timbroù Las Bela|Las Bela]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Maldivez|Inizi Maldivez]]
*[[Timbroù Manchukuo|Manchukuo]]
*[[Timbroù Morvi|Morvi]]
*[[Timbroù Nabha|Nabha]]
*[[Timbroù Nandgam|Nandgam]]
*[[Timbroù Nowanuggur|Nowanuggur]]
*[[Timbroù Orcha|Orcha]]
*[[Timbroù Ouzbekistan|Ouzbekistan]]
*[[Timbroù Pakhoi|Pakhoi]]
*[[Timbroù Pakistan|Pakistan]]
*[[Timbroù Patiala|Patiala]]
*[[Timbroù Penang|Penang]]
*[[Timbroù Perak|Perak]]
*[[Timbroù Perlis|Perlis]]
*[[Timbroù Pounch|Pounch]]
*[[Timbroù Rajpipla|Rajpipla]]
*[[Timbroù RSKS Treuzkaokazek|RSKS Treuzkaokazek]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Ryūkyū|Inizi Ryūkyū]]
*[[Timbroù Sabah|Sabah]]
*[[Timbroù Sarawak|Sarawak]]
*[[Timbroù Sina – Burevioù alaman|Sina – Burevioù alaman]]
*[[Timbroù Sina - Burevioù gall|Sina - Burevioù gall]]
*[[Timbroù Sina - Burevioù italian|Sina - Burevioù italian]]
*[[Timbroù Sina – Burevioù rusian|Sina – Burevioù rusian]]
*[[Timbroù Sina - Burevioù saoz|Sina - Burevioù saoz]]
*[[Timbroù Sirmoor|Sirmoor]]
*[[Timbroù Soruth|Soruth]]
*[[Timbroù Tadjikistan|Tadjikistan]]
*[[Timbroù Tibet|Tibet]]
*[[Timbroù Timor ar Reter|Timor ar Reter]]
*[[Timbroù Touva|Touva]]
*[[Timbroù Travancore|Travancore]]
*[[Timbroù Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]]
*[[Timbroù Viet Nam ar Su|Viet Nam ar Su]]
*[[Timbroù Wadhwan|Wadhwan]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[Europa (kevandir)|Europa]] ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Alamagn - Impalaeriezh|Alamagn - Impalaeriezh]]
*[[Timbroù Alamagn - Republik Weimar|Alamagn - Republik Weimar]]
*[[Timbroù Alamagn - IIIde Reich|Alamagn - IIIde Reich]]
*[[Timbroù Alamagn – Melestradurezh Kevredidi an Eil Brezel-bed|Alamagn – Prantad 1945-1949]]
*[[Timbroù Alamagn ar C’hornaoueg|Alamagn ar C’hornaoueg]]
*[[Timbroù Alamagn ar Reter|Alamagn ar Reter]]
*[[Timbroù Aldernez|Aldernez]]
*[[Timbroù Allenstein|Allenstein]]
*[[Timbroù Andorra|Andorra]]
*[[Timbroù Arad|Arad]]
*[[Timbroù Fiume|(Inizi) Arbe ha Veglia]]
*[[Timbroù Aunus|Aunus]]
*[[Timbroù Baden|Baden]]
*[[Timbroù Barcelona|Barcelona]]
*[[Timbroù Bavaria|Bavaria]]
*[[Timbroù Belarus|Belarus]]
*[[Timbroù Bergedorf|Bergedorf]]
*[[Timbroù Berlin ar Reter|Berlin ar Reter]]
*[[Timbroù Bohemia ha Moravia|Bohemia ha Moravia]]
*[[Timbroù Bosnia ha Herzegovina|Bosnia ha Herzegovina]]
*[[Timbroù Brunswick|Brunswick]]
*[[Timbroù Campione|Campione]]
*[[Timbroù Danzig|Danzig]]
*[[Timbroù Gres - Burevioù gall|Dedeagh]]
*[[Timbroù Elzas ha Loren|Elzas ha Loren]]
*[[Timbroù Epira|Epira]]
*[[Timbroù Euskal Herria|Euskal Herria]]
*[[Timbroù Fiume|Fiume]]
*[[Timbroù Galitsia|Galitsia]]
*[[Timbroù Gres - Burevioù gall|Gres - Burevioù gall]]
*[[Timbroù Gwernenez|Gwernenez]]
*[[Timbroù Hamburg|Hamburg]]
*[[Timbroù Hannover|Hannover]]
*[[Timbroù Heligoland|Heligoland]]
*[[Timbroù Ikaria|Ikaria]]
*[[Timbroù Ingria|Ingria]]
*[[Timbroù an Inizi Åland|Inizi Åland]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Mor Egea|Inizi Mor Egea]]
*[[Timbroù an Inizi Faero|Inizi Faero]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Mor Ionian|Inizi Mor Ionian]]
*[[Timbroù Istria|Istria]]
*[[Timbroù Republik Sokial Italia|Republik Sokial Italia]]
*[[Timbroù Italia|Italia]]
*[[Timbroù Iwerzhon|Iwerzhon]]
*[[Timbroù Jerzenez|Jerzenez]]
*[[Timbroù Jibraltar|Jibraltar]]
*[[Timbroù Karelia|Karelia]]
*[[Timbroù Karintia|Karintia]]
*[[Timbroù Katalonia|Katalonia]]
*[[Timbroù Gres - Burevioù gall|Kavala]]
*[[Timbroù Kengevread Norzh Alamagn|Kengevread Norzh Alamagn]]
*[[Timbroù Keoded Dieub Lubeck|Keoded Dieub Lubeck]]
*[[Timbroù Kiprenez|Kiprenez]]
*[[Timbroù Kreta - Burevioù aostrian|Kreta - Burevioù aostrian]]
*[[Timbroù Kreta - Burevioù gall|Kreta - Burevioù gall]]
*[[Timbroù Kreta – Burevioù italian|Kreta - Burevioù italian]]
*[[Timbroù Kreta – Burevioù rusian|Kreta – Burevioù rusian]]
*[[Timbroù Kroatia|Kroatia]]
*[[Timbroù Lemnos|Lemnos]]
*[[Timbroù Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
*[[Timbroù Lituania|Lituania]]
*[[Timbroù Bro-Ljubljana|Bro-Ljubljana]]
*[[Timbroù Rouantelezh Lombardia-Veneto|(Rouantelezh) Lombardia-Veneto]]
*[[Timbroù Makedonia|Makedonia]]
*[[Timbroù Manav|Manav]]
*[[Timbroù Marienwerder|Marienwerder]]
*[[Timbroù Mecklenbourg|Mecklenbourg]]
*[[Timbroù Mecklenbourg-Pomerania ar C'hornaoueg|Mecklenbourg-Pomerania ar C'hornaoueg]]
*[[Timbroù Lituania|Memel]]
*[[Timbroù Modena|Modena]]
*[[Timbroù Moldova|Moldova]]
*[[Timbroù Montenegro|Montenegro]]
*[[Timbroù Oldenburg|Oldenburg]]
*[[Timbroù Parma|Parma]]
*[[Timbroù Polonia|Polonia]]
*[[Timbroù Gres - Burevioù gall|Port Lagos]]
*[[Timbroù Portugal|Portugal]]
*[[Timbroù Prusia|Prusia]]
*[[Timbroù Roenland-Pfalz|Roenland-Pfalz]]
*[[Timbroù Romagna|Romagna]]
*[[Timbroù Roumelia ar Reter|Roumelia ar Reter]]
*[[Timbroù Saarland|Saarland]]
*[[Timbroù Saksonia|Saksonia]]
*[[Timbroù Samos|Samos]]
*[[Timbroù Sardigna|Sardigna]]
*[[Timbroù Enez Saseno|(Enez) Saseno]]
*[[Timbroù Rouantelezh an Div Sikilia|(Rouantelezh) an Div Sikilia]]
*[[Timbroù Slovenia|Slovenia]]
*[[Timbroù Slovakia|Slovakia]]
*[[Timbroù Spagn|Spagn]]
*[[Timbroù Stadoù ar Pab|Stadoù ar Pab]]
*[[Timbroù Sveden|Sveden]]
*[[Timbroù Szeged|Szeged]]
*[[Timbroù Tiriad Dieub Trieste|Tiriad Dieub Trieste]]
*[[Timbroù Thessalia|Thessalia]]
*[[Timbroù Thüringen|Thüringen]]
*[[Timbroù Thurn ha Taksis|Thurn ha Taksis]]
*[[Timbroù Toskana|Toskana]]
*[[Timbroù Udine|Udine]]
*[[Timbroù Ukraina ar C'hornaoueg|Ukraina ar C'hornaoueg]]
*[[Timbroù Gres - Burevioù gall|Vathy]]
*[[Timbroù Venezia Giulia|Venezia Giulia]]
*[[Timbroù Wenden|Wenden]]
*[[Timbroù Württemberg|Württemberg]]
*[[Timbroù Zadar|Zadar]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[Okeania]] ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Aitutaki|Aitutaki]]
*[[Timbroù Aostralia ar Su|Aostralia ar Su]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Cook|Inizi Cook]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Fidji|Inizi Fidji]]
*[[Timbroù Gilbert hag Ellice|Gilbert hag Ellice]]
*[[Timbroù Enez ar Gouraleg Vras|Enez ar Gouraleg Vras]]
*[[Timbroù Guam|Guam]]
*[[Timbroù Hawaii|Hawaii]]
*[[Timbroù Hebridez-Nevez|Hebridez-Nevez]]
*[[Timbroù an Inizi Karolina|Inizi Karolina]]
*[[Timbroù Kiribati|Kiribati]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Mariana|Inizi Mariana]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Marshall|Inizi Marshall]]
*[[Timbroù Mikronezia|Mikronezia]]
*[[Timbroù Nauru|Nauru]]
*[[Timbroù Niue|Niue]]
*[[Timbroù Palau|Palau]]
*[[Timbroù Penrhyn|Penrhyn]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Pitcairn|Inizi Pitcairn]]
*[[Timbroù Queensland|Queensland]]
*[[Timbroù Rarotonga|Rarotonga]]
*[[Timbroù Inizi Salomon|Inizi Salomon]]
*[[Timbroù Samoa ar C’hornaoueg|Samoa ar C’hornaoueg]]
*[[Timbroù Tahiti|Tahiti]]
*[[Timbroù Tasmania|Tasmania]]
*[[Timbroù Tiriadoù gall Okeania|Tiriadoù gall Okeania]]
*[[Timbroù Tuvalu|Tuvalu]]
*[[Timbroù Vanuatu|Vanuatu]]
*[[Timbroù Victoria|Victoria]]
*[[Timbroù Wallis-ha-Futuna|Wallis-ha-Futuna]]
*[[Timbroù Zeland-Nevez|Zeland-Nevez]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[Reter-Kreiz]] ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:5;&quot;&gt;
*[[Timbroù Abou Dhabi|Abou Dhabi]]
*[[Timbroù Aden|Aden]]
*[[Timbroù Sandjak Alexandretta|(Sandjak) Alexandretta]]
*[[Timbroù Arabia Saoudat|Arabia Saoudat]]
*[[Timbroù Bro warezet Arabia ar Su|Arabia ar Su]]
*[[Timbroù Dubai|Dubai]]
*[[Timbroù Emirelezhioù Arab Unanet|Emirelezhioù Arab Unanet]]
*[[Timbroù Rouantelezh Hedjaz|Rouantelezh Hedjaz]]
*[[Timbroù Kastellórizo|Kastellórizo]]
*[[Timbroù Katar|Katar]]
*[[Timbroù Kilikia|Kilikia]]
*[[Timbroù Kurdistan|Kurdistan]]
*[[Timbroù Manama|Manama]]
*[[Timbroù Nedjed|Nedjed]]
*[[Timbroù Enez Rouad|Enez Rouad]]
*[[Timbroù ar Sav-Heol|Sav-Heol - Burevioù estren]]
*[[Timbroù Smyrna|Smyrna]]
*[[Timbroù Stadoù an Arsav-brezel|Stadoù an Arsav-brezel]]
*[[Timbroù Tiriad an Alawited|Tiriad an Alawited]]
*[[Timbroù Treuzjordania|Treuzjordania]]
*[[Timbroù Yemen|Yemen]]
*[[Timbroù Yemen an Norzh|Yemen an Norzh]]
*[[Timbroù Yemen ar Su|Yemen ar Su]]
&lt;/div&gt;

== Pennad kar ==
*[[Istor an timbroù]]

[[Rummad:Timbrouriezh]]
[[Rummad:Timbroù hervez ar vro| ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Country data United Kingdom</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>43874</id>
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      <id>2194581</id>
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      <text bytes="918" sha1="6c680vi12sik42s298td5d5m0nyaf0j" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Rouantelezh-Unanet
| flag alias = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| alt attribute = Flag of the United Kingdom
| flag alias-1606 = Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-government = Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-1707 = Naval Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg
| link alias-naval = Royal Navy
| flag alias-air force = Air Force Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg 
| link alias-air force = Royal Air Force 
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1606
| var2 = naval-1707
| var3 = civil
| var4 = government
| redir1 = UK
| redir2 = the United Kingdom
| related1 = Great Britain
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diego Alvarez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44179</id>
    <redirect title="Enez Gough" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194525</id>
      <parentid>327154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:53:22Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="25" sha1="mfah1ht28xnqgiyvq3bporxxh9ef4i8" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Enez Gough ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Este (1391-1471)</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>44612</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194585</id>
      <parentid>2162882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:30Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2010" sha1="qmgnpczkjvv4xyw00xi1p5m0kti5kw0" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=200 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+'''Markizelezh Ferrara'''&lt;br&gt;'''[[Este]]'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;background:#f9f9f9; text-align:left;&quot;
|-
| [[Image:Blason Nicolas III d'Este (1383 - 1441).svg|centre|150px]]
| &lt;br&gt; 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;&quot; | [[Alberto V d'Este]]
|-
|
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; class=&quot;NavFrame&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavHead&quot;&gt;Figli&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;NavContent&quot;&gt;
*[[Niccolò III d'Este]] 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;&quot; | [[Niccolò III d'Este|Niccolò III]]
|-
|
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; class=&quot;NavFrame&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavHead&quot;&gt;Figli&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;NavContent&quot;&gt;
*Alberto Carlo
*[[Ginevra d'Este|Ginevra]]
*Lucia
*[[Ercole I d'Este|Ercole I]]
*[[Sigismondo d'Este|Sigismondo]]
*[[Ugo d'Este|Ugo]], mab bastard
*[[Leonello d'Este|Leonello]], mab bastard
*[[Borso d'Este|Borso]], mab bastard
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;&quot; | [[Leonello d'Este]]
|-
|
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; class=&quot;NavFrame&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavHead&quot;&gt;Figli&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;NavContent&quot;&gt;
*[[Niccolo d'Este]]
*Francesco, mab bastard
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;&quot; | [[Borso d'Este|Borso]]
|-
|style=&quot;font-weight:normal; font-size:smaller; font-style:normal; text-align:right;&quot;|[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Este|action=edit}} Modifica]
|}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Rummad:Patromoù Istor Italia|Este]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Candidates for speedy deletion</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>44742</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194630</id>
      <parentid>2119159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:50:44Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="248" sha1="tqeibgwcekzjrwk58svf2dtfe6fe3xx" xml:space="preserve">This category is used by [[m:Global sysops/Requests]] until local administrators are available.

'''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rummad:Candidates_for_speedy_deletion&amp;action=purge Purge]&lt;/div&gt;'''</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muzio Sforza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45032</id>
    <redirect title="Giacomo Attendolo" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194543</id>
      <parentid>346047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:57:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
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      <text bytes="31" sha1="aej6xd9fzbx15ggdajq9t8af4s3vv5l" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Giacomo Attendolo]]</text>
      <sha1>aej6xd9fzbx15ggdajq9t8af4s3vv5l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Broioù kozh dre gevandir</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>46223</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194629</id>
      <parentid>1520824</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:50:29Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="101" sha1="6khxa2nn8kd8ytnnhvgtp3t0xiw4yf9" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Former countries by continent}}

[[Rummad:Broioù kozh]]
[[Rummad:Broioù dre gevandir]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Filmaozerien Italia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>46869</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194638</id>
      <parentid>1483445</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:52:48Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="179" sha1="fc4gid4m4zl4ig67cgg54l45w2nh77r" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Film directors from Italy}}

[[Rummad:Tud Italia hervez o obererezh]]
[[Rummad:Filmaozerien hervez o bro|Italia]]
[[Rummad:Sinema Italia]]
[[Rummad:Arzourien Italia]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Bolivia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>47693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194657</id>
      <parentid>1669259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:57:44Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="90" sha1="t0e1jrtk0d3ox852vki3t9wh40mf95y" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cities in Bolivia}}

[[Rummad:Bolivia]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Suamerika|Bolivia]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Israel</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>48447</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194662</id>
      <parentid>2037920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:59:01Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="94" sha1="qng065a97q43rfqjlyu8ghhynovwfg7" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cities in Israel}}

[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Israel]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Azia|Israel]]</text>
      <sha1>qng065a97q43rfqjlyu8ghhynovwfg7</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Frañs</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>49281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194660</id>
      <parentid>2037923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:58:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="63" sha1="trah0l995zcsyo3dvck77sznuny037b" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cities and villages in France}}

[[Rummad:Frañs]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:FishBase espèce</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>49818</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194586</id>
      <parentid>603682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:49Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2346" sha1="ps1umujww9fl5hgk92ktm4jg4spr461" xml:space="preserve">Référence [[FishBase]] : &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot;&gt;[http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?id={{{1}}} &lt;small&gt;espèce &lt;/small&gt;{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]&lt;/span&gt; {{en}} (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;[http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?id={{{1}}}&amp;lang=French  +traduction]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt; {{fr}})&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation modèle}}

;Utilisation
: Pour ajouter une référence vers une page d'[[espèce]] sur le site [http://www.fishbase.org/ FishBase] en connaissant le code FishBase du poisson décrit
: [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|16px]] '''Remarque''': Si sur la page fishbase.org, un status [[Union_internationale_pour_la_conservation_de_la_nature|IUCN]] est spécifié, profitez-en pour ajouter {{m|Taxobox IUCN}} et {{m|IUCN}} dans l'article.

;Examples
: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{FishBase espèce|5918| ''Ctenacis fehlmanni'' (Springer, 1968)}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{FishBase espèce|5918| ''Ctenacis fehlmanni''}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{FishBase espèce|5918}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

;Résultats
: {{FishBase espèce|5918| ''Ctenacis fehlmanni'' (Springer, 1968)}}
: {{FishBase espèce|5918| ''Ctenacis fehlmanni''}}
: {{FishBase espèce|5918}}

;Syntaxe
: &lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{FishBase espèce|codeFishbase| description }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

;Paramètres
:* '''codeFishbase'''
:: le code Fishbase du poisson sur [http://www.fishbase.org/ FishBase].
:: [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|16px]] '''Attention: Collez l'URL au | precédent'''.
:: '''Ex''' (pour le Requin-chat arlequin): ''5918''
:* '''description''' (facultatif)
:: La description de l'espèce. Il peut sagir de son [[nom binomial]] (en italique) suivi ou non de son auteur
::'''Ex''' (pour le Requin-chat arlequin): ''Ctenacis fehlmanni'' 

;Exemples d'utilisation
:* [[Requin-chat arlequin]], [[Fugu]]

;Voir aussi
:* [[:wikispecies:Template:FishBase species]] qui est une copie de ce modèle
:* [[:commons:Template:FishBase species]] qui est une copie de ce modèle
{{Liste modèles bio créant un lien externe}}

;A faire
: Remplacer les occurences de www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary par {{m|FishBase espèce}} dans les pages suivantes: ''[http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;search=www.fishbase.org%2FSummary%2FspeciesSummary&amp;fulltext=Rechercher Liste des Pages]'' 

&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù plant ha loened]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Ilizoù</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>49948</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:54:07Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="79" sha1="p50a7cj696av5a4shv65r9hyf84j7qa" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Churches}}

[[Rummad:Arz kristen]]
[[Rummad:Savadurioù relijiel]]</text>
      <sha1>p50a7cj696av5a4shv65r9hyf84j7qa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Davout</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50223</id>
    <redirect title="Louis Nicolas Davout" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194524</id>
      <parentid>1277963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:53:13Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="31" sha1="k1j9qalv5ara6sqlmy5dhgqpnizo88s" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Louis Nicolas Davout]]</text>
      <sha1>k1j9qalv5ara6sqlmy5dhgqpnizo88s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isabeau de Bavière</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50232</id>
    <redirect title="Isabeau Bavaria" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194533</id>
      <parentid>413564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:55:58Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="6sbdq7drf7gl02z5mrbkelydspw1tff" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Isabeau Bavaria]]</text>
      <sha1>6sbdq7drf7gl02z5mrbkelydspw1tff</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Listenn stadoù Brazil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50262</id>
    <redirect title="Stadoù Brazil" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194540</id>
      <parentid>1238624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:57:27Z</timestamp>
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      <origin>2194540</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="e2wq2p551ikmwm4tjtrr4123p9dlfrc" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Stadoù Brazil]]</text>
      <sha1>e2wq2p551ikmwm4tjtrr4123p9dlfrc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kontelezh Kornog Midlands</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50293</id>
    <redirect title="Kontelezh Kornôg Midlands" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194539</id>
      <parentid>1238521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:56:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="azzllgzpmw0uliui17qv7h4z7ljapdo" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Kontelezh Kornôg Midlands]]</text>
      <sha1>azzllgzpmw0uliui17qv7h4z7ljapdo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kirri</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>50406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194650</id>
      <parentid>2037928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:55:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194650</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="fl8gltyetyk0e0cfkw8psje4iq4w0ct" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:karbedoù]]</text>
      <sha1>fl8gltyetyk0e0cfkw8psje4iq4w0ct</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mikael Treger</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50755</id>
    <redirect title="Mikeal Treger" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194542</id>
      <parentid>433460</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:57:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="g95cou8cnd4k0cdt18164o3q6wiohn2" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Mikeal Treger]]</text>
      <sha1>g95cou8cnd4k0cdt18164o3q6wiohn2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chutney</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50756</id>
    <redirect title="Chatni" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194523</id>
      <parentid>1238537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:52:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17" sha1="3btqrp861fos7par43pf69bai8sxn2j" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Chatni]]</text>
      <sha1>3btqrp861fos7par43pf69bai8sxn2j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Falc'hun logotaer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50804</id>
    <redirect title="Falc&#039;hun-logotaer" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194529</id>
      <parentid>982905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:54:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="1k93m3syzwybr85lgr6vtn3xlsnvdtq" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Falc'hun-logotaer]]</text>
      <sha1>1k93m3syzwybr85lgr6vtn3xlsnvdtq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eil brezel-bed</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50810</id>
    <redirect title="Eil Brezel-bed" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194527</id>
      <parentid>1237925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:54:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="iajynxbu59xq5woio1eqd4a8dwixkux" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Eil Brezel-bed]]</text>
      <sha1>iajynxbu59xq5woio1eqd4a8dwixkux</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yann Dizouar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50816</id>
    <redirect title="Yann Iañ (dug Normandi)" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194550</id>
      <parentid>1237890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:58:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="guksvcrm0l50abpsvpga3hq61v521k9" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Yann Iañ (dug Normandi)]]</text>
      <sha1>guksvcrm0l50abpsvpga3hq61v521k9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pen Spinning</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50830</id>
    <redirect title="Pen spinning" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194545</id>
      <parentid>441922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:57:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="1cwhy34h8ht6d9t1zoa9mazni5ol7uz" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Pen spinning]]</text>
      <sha1>1cwhy34h8ht6d9t1zoa9mazni5ol7uz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shabaa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50882</id>
    <redirect title="Shahba" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194546</id>
      <parentid>442508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:57:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17" sha1="0er6n3iqt71k31xvalamg6el4761ka4" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Shahba]]</text>
      <sha1>0er6n3iqt71k31xvalamg6el4761ka4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Argyll (kontelezh)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51272</id>
    <redirect title="Earra-Ghàidheal" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194518</id>
      <parentid>427924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:51:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="ezqdi9ng3a7b13lihnrzy69l4vq3nlx" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Earra-Ghàidheal]]</text>
      <sha1>ezqdi9ng3a7b13lihnrzy69l4vq3nlx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Enez Bute</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51469</id>
    <redirect title="Eilean Bhòid" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194528</id>
      <parentid>1277957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="d8124g9gj1qas0wkcu5jj1he5ai863c" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Eilean Bhòid]]</text>
      <sha1>d8124g9gj1qas0wkcu5jj1he5ai863c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Arran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51470</id>
    <redirect title="Eilean Arainn" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194519</id>
      <parentid>1238656</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:51:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="s739tmtpmupk0fizw0t0kkx2cy9fwig" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Eilean Arainn]]</text>
      <sha1>s739tmtpmupk0fizw0t0kkx2cy9fwig</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ardnamurchan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51858</id>
    <redirect title="Àird nam Murchan" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194516</id>
      <parentid>1238560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:48:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="g7vxosrygoxcuagjbfxl93cxvdsnsmp" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Àird nam Murchan]]</text>
      <sha1>g7vxosrygoxcuagjbfxl93cxvdsnsmp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Lennegezh saoznek</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>51907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194672</id>
      <parentid>2037935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:01:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194672</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" sha1="8g5wblztmhqlvqnorcose4f5uacfg5v" xml:space="preserve">{{commonscat|English language literature}}

[[Rummad:Saozneg]]
[[Rummad:Lennegezh hervez ar yezh|Saozneg]]</text>
      <sha1>8g5wblztmhqlvqnorcose4f5uacfg5v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>VlaamsProgressieven</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51943</id>
    <redirect title="Sociaal-Liberale Partij" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194549</id>
      <parentid>1238036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:58:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="6i6g99rxm1do92di7mqvmv86x0j3cdl" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Sociaal-Liberale Partij]]</text>
      <sha1>6i6g99rxm1do92di7mqvmv86x0j3cdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kod post</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52160</id>
    <redirect title="Kod-post" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194538</id>
      <parentid>1013481</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:56:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="hnxxudpxf0woaxf9s9u9uhk3jlaq0yh" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Kod-post]]</text>
      <sha1>hnxxudpxf0woaxf9s9u9uhk3jlaq0yh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Moc'h</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>52279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194685</id>
      <parentid>2037938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:05:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194685</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="4lpgyfw7f5f5pz49rydlovlm46cjonp" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Pigs}}

[[Rummad:Suidae]]</text>
      <sha1>4lpgyfw7f5f5pz49rydlovlm46cjonp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Historia Brittonum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52288</id>
    <redirect title="Historia Britonum" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194531</id>
      <parentid>1293674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:55:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="cfsgw4lfzp46ygfytzrbwj7hkcq332s" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Historia Britonum]]</text>
      <sha1>cfsgw4lfzp46ygfytzrbwj7hkcq332s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asia (Proviñs)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52291</id>
    <redirect title="Asia" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194521</id>
      <parentid>1238065</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:52:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15" sha1="lqsh7dua55hnc0svm5q9xj3k0rtm92g" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>lqsh7dua55hnc0svm5q9xj3k0rtm92g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Africa (Proviñs)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52300</id>
    <redirect title="Africa (proviñs roman)" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194515</id>
      <parentid>1238518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:48:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="cutvzwt33px3ovi2fwyd0gmmc723irc" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Africa (proviñs roman)]]</text>
      <sha1>cutvzwt33px3ovi2fwyd0gmmc723irc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talking heads</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52391</id>
    <redirect title="Talking Heads" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194547</id>
      <parentid>450545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:58:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194547</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="lkfo6tusvujq58sfebnvdaqk1vphsb7" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Talking Heads]]</text>
      <sha1>lkfo6tusvujq58sfebnvdaqk1vphsb7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brezel yen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52403</id>
    <redirect title="Brezel Yen" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194522</id>
      <parentid>1238020</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:52:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="j1pq3o6rwzx1gng0u4qbmpzje6vjyxi" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Brezel Yen]]</text>
      <sha1>j1pq3o6rwzx1gng0u4qbmpzje6vjyxi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Arz akademikel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52471</id>
    <redirect title="Arz akademiek" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194520</id>
      <parentid>1255699</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:51:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="3cbfbreyb84mgmycfkwkyjb9iepnwcm" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Arz akademiek]]</text>
      <sha1>3cbfbreyb84mgmycfkwkyjb9iepnwcm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dong Hoi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52613</id>
    <redirect title="Đồng Hới" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194526</id>
      <parentid>1157937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:53:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6635gzuzwg55so0mnkgsy4w2ez35obb" xml:space="preserve">#ADKAS [[Đồng Hới]]</text>
      <sha1>6635gzuzwg55so0mnkgsy4w2ez35obb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Rannvroioù Chile</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>53912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194700</id>
      <parentid>2064450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:08:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194700</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="90" sha1="hed9qitse17gi87bwgazcdj8rw0lqg3" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Regions of Chile}}

[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Chile]]
[[Rummad:Rannvroioù|Chile]]</text>
      <sha1>hed9qitse17gi87bwgazcdj8rw0lqg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Politikourien</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>55150</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194694</id>
      <parentid>1485014</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:07:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="51" sha1="pv5jos6joot6ua36ptp2vlqjwvjv3sc" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Politicians}}

[[Rummad:Politikerezh]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Marvioù 1692</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>55208</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194680</id>
      <parentid>1485024</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:03:41Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="84" sha1="1fjjm8fflw25w7uq7b6w65y00kibcjx" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|1692 deaths}}

[[Rummad:1692]]
[[Rummad:Marvioù ar bloavezhioù 1690]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Guatemala</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>55776</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194588</id>
      <parentid>1607553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="141" sha1="lgf2te603urllreev0g69zleed6krqs" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Flag of Guatemala.svg|20px|border|Guatemala]]&amp;nbsp;[[Guatemala]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Parlamant Bro-Skos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56073</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194572</id>
      <parentid>1906429</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:15:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ar choler</username>
        <id>52661</id>
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      <comment>infobox + hizivadenn e 2026</comment>
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      <text bytes="3419" sha1="07bhcaz0467qpfi25b04g8ahjvtj3t4" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
{{Infobox/Titl|Parlamant Bro-Skos&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Pàrlamaid na h-Alba''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Scots Pairlament''&lt;/small&gt;|005eb8|talbenn default|fff}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[File:Scottish Parliament Building - aerial - 2025-04-18.jpg|280px|center]]&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Ar Parlamant e [[Dinedin|Dùn Èideann]]&lt;/div&gt;
----
|-
| '''Diazez''' || {{Deiziad|12|Mae|1999}}
|-
| '''Doare''' || Unkambrek
|- bgcolor=&quot;#005eb8&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; color:#fff;&quot;| Daelvezh nevez (14 a viz Mae 2026)
|-
| '''Unpenn''' || [[Charlez III (Rouantelezh-Unanet)|Charles III]] &lt;small&gt;(08/09/2022)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Prezidant''' || Kenneth Gibson &lt;small&gt;(14/05/2026)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Besprezidantezed''' || Clare Adamson &lt;small&gt;(14/05/2026)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Katy Clark &lt;small&gt;(14/05/2026)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Pennmaodiern''' || John Swinney &lt;small&gt;(08/05/2024)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Bespennmaodiernez''' || Jenny Gilruth &lt;small&gt;(20/05/2026)&lt;/small&gt;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#abcdef&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Dilennidi
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;|
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto;&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#f8f9fa&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Restr:2026 Scottish Parliament.svg|300px|center]]
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccc&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Strolladoù || Kadorioù
|- bgcolor=&quot;#abcdef&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Gouarnamant&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#fdf38e&quot;|&amp;emsp; || [[Strollad Broadel Skos|SNP]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''57'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#abcdef&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot;| &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Enebiezh&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#e4003b&quot;|&amp;emsp; || [[Strollad al Labour (R.U.)|Labour]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''17'''
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#1eb8d0&quot;|&amp;emsp; || [[Reform UK|Reform Scotland]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''17'''
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#00b140&quot;|&amp;emsp; || Scottish Greens || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''15'''
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#0087dc&quot;|&amp;emsp; || Conservative &amp; Unionists || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''12'''
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#ff6400&quot;|&amp;emsp; || Liberal Democrats || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''10'''
|-
| || || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|___&lt;br&gt;128
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#000&quot;|&amp;emsp; || Prezidant ar Parlamant || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1'''
|}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;|
----
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[File:Scottish Parliament Debating Chamber 3.jpg|280px|center]]&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Kambr ar Parlamant&lt;/div&gt;
|}
'''Parlamant Bro-Skos''' (''Scottish Parliament'' e [[saozneg]]; ''Pàrlamaid na h-Alba'' e [[gouezeleg Skos|gouezeleg]]; ''Scots Pairlament'' e [[skoteg]]) eo kambr lezenniñ [[Bro-Skos]]. Emañ e karter [[Taigh an Ròid]], e kêr [[Dinedin]]. Abalamour d’an dra-se e reer ''Holyrood'' anezhañ alies dre gomz.

N’eus nemet ur gambr ennañ, gant 129 c’hannad. Dilennet e vezont bep pevar bloaz, e daou zoare: 56 anezho zo dilennet dre ur votadeg kenfeurel en 8 rannvro, ha 73 zo dilennet en un doare eeun e 73 pastell-vro hervez an doare ober boas er [[Rouantelezh-Unanet]] ('&quot;first past the post&quot;', da lavaret eo an hini a dap ar muiañ a vouezhioù en dro gentañ a zo dilennet).

Gallout a ra ar gannaded-se sevel lezennoù evit Bro-Skos ha sevel pe kemm tailhoù.

Peder dilennadeg zo bet abaoe m'eo savet Parlamant Skos: e 1999, 2003, 2007 ha 2011. An dilennadeg a zeu a zlefe bezañ e miz Mae 2016.

D'ar 6 a viz Mae [[2021]] e voe trec'h broadelourien ar [[Strollad Broadel Skosat]] en dilennadeg evit ar Parlamant.

{{Commonscat|Scottish Parliament}}

[[Rummad:Politikerezh Skos]]
[[Rummad:Parlamantoù]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Proviñsoù Galiza</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>57246</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194698</id>
      <parentid>1485411</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:08:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="119" sha1="g40w5fl63eevw97g3tie3ea7v3v4k82" xml:space="preserve">[[Peder]] froviñs zo e [[Galiza]].
{{Commonscat|Provinces of Galicia}}

[[Rummad:Galiza]]
[[Rummad:Proviñsoù Spagn]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Geographika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58025</id>
    <redirect title="Douaroniezh Strabon" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194530</id>
      <parentid>515400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:55:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
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      <text bytes="33" sha1="hdxyfz7fe1ehdpp6ariu8vtz4qpswx3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Douaroniezh Strabon]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Suafrika</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>58460</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194618</id>
      <parentid>1632576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:47:38Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="145" sha1="htfj978stbtiw4jf7pnj8qrxr4ggwqj" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Flag of South Africa.svg|20px|border|Banniel Suafrika]] [[Suafrika]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Skos</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>58944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194615</id>
      <parentid>1522003</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:43:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
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      <text bytes="168" sha1="nufj719naatsn58z4uqd64n9jv00kc1" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Flag of Scotland.svg|20px|border|Banniel Bro-Skos]] [[Bro-Skos]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Rummad:Patromoù Skos]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Proviñsoù Turkia</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>59310</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194611</id>
      <parentid>2005073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:42:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
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      <text bytes="3854" sha1="435ep4hk2j9j2y04m2uqkwq8m2x27e5" xml:space="preserve">{{Merdeerezh2
|name        = Proviñsoù Turkia
|title       = Proviñsoù [[Turkia]]
|style       = text-align:left;
|state       = collapsed

|list1  =
&lt;table style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro Marmara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Balıkesir (proviñs)|Balıkesir]]{{·}} [[Bilecik (proviñs)|Bilecik]]{{·}} [[Bursa (proviñs)|Bursa]]{{·}} [[Çanakkale (proviñs)|Çanakkale]]{{·}} [[Edirne (proviñs)|Edirne]]{{·}} [[İstanbul (proviñs)|İstanbul]]{{·}} [[Kırklareli (proviñs)|Kırklareli]]{{·}} [[Kocaeli (proviñs)|Kocaeli]]{{·}} [[Sakarya (proviñs)|Sakarya]]{{·}} [[Tekirdağ (proviñs)|Tekirdağ]]{{·}} [[Yalova (proviñs)|Yalova]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro Egea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Afyonkarahisar (proviñs)|Afyon]]{{·}} [[Aydın (proviñs)|Aydın]]{{·}} [[Denizli (proviñs)|Denizli]]{{·}} [[İzmir (proviñs)|İzmir]]{{·}} [[Kütahya (proviñs)|Kütahya]]{{·}} [[Manisa (proviñs)|Manisa]]{{·}} [[Muğla (proviñs)|Muğla]]{{·}} [[Uşak (proviñs)|Uşak]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro ar Mor Du&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Amasya (proviñs)|Amasya]]{{·}} [[Artvin (proviñs)|Artvin]]{{·}} [[Bartın (proviñs)|Bartın]]{{·}} [[Bayburt (proviñs)|Bayburt]]{{·}} [[Bolu (proviñs)|Bolu]]{{·}} [[Çorum (proviñs)|Çorum]]{{·}} [[Düzce (proviñs)|Düzce]]{{·}} [[Giresun (proviñs)|Giresun]]{{·}} [[Gümüşhane (proviñs)|Gümüşhane]]{{·}} [[Karabük (proviñs)|Karabük]]{{·}} [[Kastamonu (proviñs)|Kastamonu]]{{·}} [[Ordu (proviñs)|Ordu]]{{·}} [[Rize (proviñs)|Rize]]{{·}} [[Samsun (proviñs)|Samsun]]{{·}} [[Sinop (proviñs)|Sinop]]{{·}} [[Tokat (proviñs)|Tokat]]{{·}} [[Trabzon (proviñs)|Trabzon]]{{·}} [[Zonguldak (proviñs)|Zonguldak]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro Kreiz Anatolia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Aksaray (proviñs)|Aksaray]]{{·}} [[Ankara (proviñs)|Ankara]]{{·}} [[Çankırı (proviñs)|Çankırı]]{{·}} [[Eskişehir (proviñs)|Eskişehir]]{{·}} [[Karaman (proviñs)|Karaman]]{{·}} [[Kayseri (proviñs)|Kayseri]]{{·}} [[Kırıkkale (proviñs)|Kırıkkale]]{{·}} [[Kırşehir (proviñs)|Kırşehir]]{{·}} [[Konya (proviñs)|Konya]]{{·}} [[Nevşehir (proviñs)|Nevşehir]]{{·}} [[Niğde (proviñs)|Niğde]]{{·}} [[Sivas (proviñs)|Sivas]]{{·}} [[Yozgat (proviñs)|Yozgat]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro Kreizdouarel&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Adana (proviñs)|Adana]]{{·}} [[Antalya (proviñs)|Antalya]]{{·}} [[Burdur (proviñs)|Burdur]]{{·}} [[Hatay (proviñs)|Hatay]]{{·}} [[Isparta (proviñs)|Isparta]]{{·}} [[Kahramanmaraş (proviñs)|Kahramanmaraş]]{{·}} [[Mersin (proviñs)|Mersin]]{{·}} [[Osmaniye (proviñs)|Osmaniye]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro Reter Anatolia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Ağrı (proviñs)|Ağrı]]{{·}} [[Ardahan (proviñs)|Ardahan]]{{·}} [[Bingöl (proviñs)|Bingöl]]{{·}} [[Bitlis (proviñs)|Bitlis]]{{·}} [[Elazığ (proviñs)|Elazığ]]{{·}} [[Erzincan (proviñs)|Erzincan]]{{·}} [[Erzurum (proviñs)|Erzurum]]{{·}} [[Hakkari (proviñs)|Hakkari]]{{·}} [[Iğdır (proviñs)|Iğdır]]{{·}} [[Kars (proviñs)|Kars]]{{·}} [[Malatya (proviñs)|Malatya]]{{·}} [[Muş (proviñs)|Muş]]{{·}} [[Tunceli (proviñs)|Tunceli]]{{·}} [[Van (proviñs)|Van]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#f2f2f2;&quot;&gt;Rannvro Gevred Anatolia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Adıyaman (proviñs)|Adıyaman]]{{·}} [[Batman (proviñs)|Batman]]{{·}} [[Diyarbakır (proviñs)|Diyarbakır]]{{·}} [[Gaziantep (proviñs)|Gaziantep]]{{·}} [[Kilis (proviñs)|Kilis]]{{·}} [[Mardin (proviñs)|Mardin]]{{·}} [[Şanlıurfa (proviñs)|Şanlıurfa]]{{·}} [[Siirt (proviñs)|Siirt]]{{·}} [[Şırnak (proviñs)|Şırnak]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

}}[[Rummad:Proviñsoù Turkia]]&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

[[Rummad:Taolennoù merdeiñ douaroniezh|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An davarn/sizhunvezh 34 bloaz 2009</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>62708</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194568</id>
      <parentid>562212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T06:51:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liamm etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <text bytes="25266" sha1="2stx02ipwjtqeq1oofc20etrdorty6o" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--CHENCH 1--&gt;= 17/08/2009 — 23/08/2009 =
:[http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 2--&gt;34_bloaz_2009&amp;action=edit skrivañ un dra bennak &lt;!--CHENCH 3--&gt;er pevare sizhun ha tregont eus 2009] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn|An davarn]] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 4--&gt;33_bloaz_2009|sizhun a-raok]] — [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 5--&gt;35_bloaz_2009|sizhun war-lerc'h]]&lt;/br&gt;

==Brezel bed==

Mat e vefe kavout ur c'henemglev war an doare da skrivañ anv ar Brezelioù bed. Tu a lavar gant un tired etre brezel ha bed. Hag evit ar pennlizherennoù ? &lt;br&gt;
Ez tipografel e ranker ober gant : Brezel bed (hep pennlizherenn evit bed) ha ne lakfer ket un tired etrezo. &lt;br&gt;
Gwelet ''GeriaouEGI'' ( Ekonomiezh, Geografiezh, Istor) skrivet gant Pêr Drezen, embannet gant Tes hag adlennet gant Divi Kervella. (p.13, ahel Roma-Berlin, da skouer)&lt;br&gt;
Petra soñjoc'h ? --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 18 Eos 2009 da 09:43 (UTC)
:Mat eo din skrivañ brezel bed, e-lec'h [[brezel-bed]] evel Roparz Hemon, a skrive n'eus forzh penaos. Neuze e vo ret tennañ un toullad tiredoù eus ar yezh! Krogomp gant ''fest noz, kannerez noz, sach blev, tro vicher'' ! Ha perak un tired e-barzh ''ahel Roma-Berlin''? [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 22 Eos 2009 da 07:52 (UTC)
:: Ma, neuze e voe ret degas kemmoù d'un toullad pennadoù [[http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rummad:Eil_Brezel_Bed]]. Mod-all e skrivis &quot;krouerez dilhad&quot; (da lavaret eo &quot;styliste&quot;) (s.o [[Vivienne Westwood]]). Gwelout a ran e kinnig an Ofis ar ger stilourez. Mat eo din cheñch ma n'eo ket reizh. --[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 25 Eos 2009 da 12:46 (UTC)
::: Pelec'h eo dav goulenn ur votadeg pe un dra bennak evel-se da zivizout hag-eñ e vo [[Brezel-bed]] pe [[Brezel bed]]? Kalz(ik) e labouran wan an danvez-se, neuze e vefe mat din gouzout.--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 25 Eos 2009 da 15:21 (UTC)
:::: Demat Ex-Smith, d'am soñj eo ret goulenn gant ur merour sevel ur bajenn votadeg. Met n'ouzon ket ma c'hello, er mare-mañ, diaes e oa dezhañ war a seblant. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 25 Eos 2009 da 15:27 (UTC)
:::::*Brezel-bed gant Hemon ha Favereau. Penaos e tremener, ha dre biv, eus [[brezel-bed]] hon geriadurourien da brezel bed TES ? Anv ebet e-barzh Geriadur an Here, e-barzh [[brezel]] pe [[bed]]. Iskisat. Fallaat a ra ma lagad? [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 25 Eos 2009 da 15:36 (UTC)
::::::Marteze e vefe mat goulenn gant un istorour e brezhoneg, pe meur a hini zoken. Hag ur reolenn a zisplegfe e vefe ezhomm lakaat un tired pe get ? --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 25 Eos 2009 da 15:41 (UTC)
*Un tamm kaoz zo bet dija amañ: http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaozeal:Eil_Brezel-Bed. Ha ma vije ur vi-koukoug e-barzh &quot;brezel bed&quot;? [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 25 Eos 2009 da 18:00 (UTC)
:::::::Ma, trugarez, renket ar gudenn neuze. ''Danke sehr'' a lavarfen a-walc'h.--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 25 Eos 2009 da 18:26 (UTC)

*Evit kudenn ar varrennig stagañ e seblant reizhet, met ur bennlizherenn a zo da Brezel ha ket da bed : Brezel-bed. [[Eil Brezel-bed]], [[Brezel-bed Kentañ]] a zo ar stummoù reizh. Goulennet em eus gant un embanner hag ul lezenn tipografel eo. Neuze evit ober un holloueziadur gwir e ranker doujañ d'ar reolennoù-se. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 25 Eos 2009 da 20:58 (UTC)
::Neuze eo [[Brezel-bed kentañ]]. [[Dibar:Contributions/82.249.95.191|82.249.95.191]] 26 Eos 2009 da 00:37 (UTC)
:::Ket penn-da-benn, evidon ez eo [[Brezel-bed Kentañ]] (hag [[Eil Brezel-bed]]), d.l.e hep pennlizherenn evit ''bed'' hepken. Ret eo adurzhiañ an dakasoù neuze ha goude e vo reizhet peptra. Echu gant an afer. Me 'zo a-du ober war-dro ma n'eus den a-enep. A galon --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 27 Eos 2009 da 12:50 (UTC)

::::A-raok kregiñ d'ober kemmoù eo ret bezañ sur emaomp a-du : daoust ha sklaer eo an dibab(où) evit an holl ? Daou bennad ha daou rummad a zle bezañ. Poellek e vo ober heñvel evit ar pevar anv-se (implij ar varrennig-stagañ hag ar pennlizherennoù). Ne ran ket kalz a forzh gant ur varrennig etre &quot;brezel&quot; ha &quot;bed&quot;, e gwirionez, ha dizunvan eo ar boaz e seurt degouezhioù e brezhoneg skrivet hervez a lenner e yezhadurioù Kervella ha Favereau. Met ret eo ober un dibab, rak bremañ eo dizunvan an traoù (ha daou rummad a gaver neuze evit ar memes tra) : [[Brezel-bed kentañ]], [[Eil Brezel-Bed]], [[:Rummad:Brezel bed kentañ]], [[:Rummad:Eil Brezel-bed]] ha [[:Rummad:Eil Brezel Bed]] (hag ur [[:Rummad:Brezelioù Bed]] ouzhpenn !). Mat eo din ober diouzh a gaver e geriadurioù Roparz Hemon (brezel-bed). Evit ar pennlizherennoù, n'ouzon ket re. --[[Implijer:Llydawr|Llydawr]] 27 Eos 2009 da 21:23 (UTC)
:::::N'em eus kavet nemet ur pennad anvet [[Eil Brezel-bed]], hag emañ er rummad Eil Brezel bed hag er rummad-se e kaver ar pennad... [[Eil Brezel-bed]].--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 27 Eos 2009 da 21:31 (UTC)
:::::: Er [[http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rummad:Eil_Brezel-bed]] n'eus nemet ar pennadoù am eus savet / emaon o sevel diwar-benn an dud a oa er [[Führerbunker]] e dibenn ar brezel.--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 27 Eos 2009 da 21:49 (UTC)

Eveljust e c'hortozin e vefe ur c'henemglev evit cheñch traoù. War a seblant ez eo mat evit an holl evit ar varrenig-stagañ. Bremañ eo ret gwelet evit ar pennlizherennoù. Goulennet em eus gant un embanner, e vicher eo neuze lakaat seurt traoù en ur stumm reizh, hervezañ eo ret lakaat pennlizherennoù e pep lec'h war bouez war ''bed''. Reizh e seblant ar stumm-se, dre ma vez c'hoant lakaat pouez war ar fed e vefe ur ''Brezel-bed'' hag ivez war an niver (evit diskouez ez eus bet meur a wech brezelioù a seurt-se), ''Kentañ'' - ''Eil''. Hervez ar preder-se e vefe neuze [[Brezel-bed Kentañ]] ha [[Eil Brezel-bed]].
Bremañ e c'hortozan ali an dud war ar stumm-se.  --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 28 Eos 2009 da 10:05 (UTC)
:Ne sav ar gudenn nemet abalamour d'ar rummad, a-hend-all e vije diskoulmet aes gant an adkasoù. Evit Brezel-bed kentañ/Kentañ on souezhet e vije lakaet ur bennlizherenn d'an anv-gwan. Met n'em eus ket studiet an afer. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 28 Eos 2009 da 10:20 (UTC)
::Evit ar rummadoù ez eus tu ober adkasoù ivez. Pe cheñch er pennadoù. Gwir eo n'em boa ket soñjet evit an anv-gwan. Gortozomp alioù all. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 28 Eos 2009 da 10:38 (UTC)
::Sklaer eo e vo skrivet '''kentañ''', gwelout izeloc'h. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 28 Eos 2009 da 12:27 (UTC) 
==[[Breizh]]==
Daoust ha da gallegerien ar wiki amezek eo d'ober al lezenn war pennadoù hor [[wiki-ni]]? http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breizh&amp;diff=551548&amp;oldid=517045 [[Dibar:Contributions/82.249.80.14|82.249.80.14]] 21 Eos 2009 da 18:10 (UTC)
:A-du a-walc'h ganit. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 25 Eos 2009 da 13:18 (UTC)
:: N'eo ket.--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 25 Eos 2009 da 20:59 (UTC)

==[[Lizherennañ]]==
Kemmañ a ra reolennoù al lizherennañ hervez ar yezhoù, pe ar broioù, ha marteze hervez an embannerien (pe an amzer, pe me 'oar), diouzh a welan (pa glaskan kompren un dra bennak). Ne gomzan ket eus al levrioù ma vez skrivet an titl penn-da-benn gant lizherennoù bras, evel-se ne vez kudenn ebet.
*Setu pezh a welan em levrioù gallek:
**Le Diable boiteux, Le Sage, Gallimard (kentañ ger '''ha''' kentañ anv-kadarn  nemetken)
**Dictionnaire des personnages de la Bible, François Bonfils, Librio
**Les quatre vérités, David Lodge, Rivages
**Grammaire bretonne, Pierre Trépos, Ouest-France
*Em levrioù all:
**La bruja y el maestro, Mariasun Landa (kentañ ger hepken e spagnoleg, el levr-se evel en un toullad levrioù spagnolek all ganin).
**Coming up for Air, gant George Orwell (levr saoz, kentañ ger ha kentañ anv)
**The Complete Short Stories of Erskine Caldwell, Signet (levr stadunanat, kentañ ger hag an anvioù-gwan hag an anvioù-kadarn) 
Bremañ, peseurt reolennoù a zo implijet e brezhoneg, ha gant piv int bet savet? Gant embannerien, me 'ba'i. &lt;br /&gt;
Ha penaos e reont: evel e galleg, pe e saozneg, pe e spagnoleg? An daou, ma haotr!&lt;br /&gt;
Sed a zo skrivet war ar goloioù:
*Ar Pennoù Koltar war an enez, An Here
*Ar gañfarted hag al louarn kamm, An Here
*A-berzh mamm-gozh, YF Jacq, KVB
Sklaer eo deoc'h?&lt;br /&gt;
[[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 28 Eos 2009 da 12:27 (UTC)

:Setu ar pezh a oa bet desket ganin gwezhall: e saozneg e reer gant pennlizherennoù evit an holl c'herioù estreget araogennoù ha gerioù-mell; hag e galleg ec'h implijer pennlizherennoù nemet evit ar ger kentañ hag ivez evit anvioù divoutin. Gwir eo avat ne dalv ket ar reolenn-se atav hervez giz pep embanner 'michañs... [[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 28 Eos 2009 da 13:06 (UTC)
:: Kelennerien istor-douaroniezh Diwan ar ra gant Eil Brezel Bed, met n'em eus bet displegadenn all ebet.--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 28 Eos 2009 da 15:02 (UTC)
::: Peogwir ne c'hallo den ebet displegañ un dibab graet gant un den all ma ne oar ket peseurt reolennoù zo bet implijet. Pe ec'h int reolennoù d'an oberour, pe d'an difazier(ien), pe d'an embanner. Bremañ, pere eo ar reolennoù-se sed a vije da c'houzout: re ar galleg pe ur yezh all, pe re savet gant un den evitañ e-unan.
::: Pa soñjan: pere eo reolennoù an Here hervez an div sker-mañ: 
*Ar Pennoù Koltar war an enez, An Here
*Ar gañfarted hag al louarn kamm, An Here
[[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 28 Eos 2009 da 15:56 (UTC)
:::: Ha c'hoazh : golo al levr : ''Ar gañfated hag al louarn kamm''. Golo-kein : ''ar Gañfarted''. Troc'had : Ar Gañfarted hag al Louarn Kamm. (An Here)
Hag ivez : golo : ''Pilhaouer ha Boned Ruz'', troc'had : ''Pilhaouer ha boned ruz''. (An Here)
Gant Al Lanv : ''Ar Vosenn Skarlek'' (marteze diwar skouer an destenn orin?) met ''Avel draezh''.
Gant An Alarc'h : ''ar gariadez vaen'' (golo), met ''Ar gariadez vaen'' (diabarzh al levr).--[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 28 Eos 2009 da 16:26 (UTC)

:::::Evit a sell ouzh ar saozneg sellit ouzh ar pennad-mañ: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_case#Headings_and_publication_titles].
[[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 28 Eos 2009 da 16:34 (UTC)
:::::Hervez a lennan, ma komprenan un dra bennak, e vez lakaet pennlizherennoù da bep gerpeurvuiañ, met gallout a ra ar reolenn kemmañ hervez an embannerien. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 29 Eos 2009 da 03:32 (UTC)

==== Lennadurezh ha galleg====
*Evit ar galleg (ne lavaran ket eo ret ober evelto): http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Lexique_des_r%C3%A8gles_typographiques_en_usage_%C3%A0_l%27Imprimerie_nationale . [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 28 Eos 2009 da 12:33 (UTC)
Skouer c'hallek all, fentus:
*''La Plus Mignonne des petites Souris'', Les Mini Classiques du Père Castor. E kein al levr, listennad al levrioù, un daouzek bennak holl evel ''La plus mignonne des petites souris'', pennlizherenn d'ar ger kentañ hepken. 
*Kentel: reolenn en un tu, reolenn all en tu all. [[Dibar:Contributions/82.64.15.75|82.64.15.75]] 29 Eos 2009 da 02:28 (UTC)

===Italianeg ha saozneg===
*[[:it:Divina Commedia]], met [[:it:Il sistema periodico]], [[Se questo è un uomo]], [[:it:La tregua (romanzo)]]
*E saozneg, ar memes oberoù: [[:en:The Periodic Table (book)]], [[:en:If This Is A Man]], [[:en:The Truce]]
*E galleg: [[:fr:La Divine Comédie]], [[:fr:Le Système périodique (Levi)]], [[:fr:Si c'est un homme]] , [[:fr:La Trêve]] . [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 29 Eos 2009 da 03:32 (UTC)

==Brezelioù ha reolennoù==
D'am soñj hon eus da zibab etre daou zoare eeun:
*pennlizherennoù evit pep ger: [[Brezel-Bed Kentañ]], [[Eil Brezel-Bed]] (doare an titloù saoznek peurvuiañ)
*pennlizherenn evit ar ger kentañ hepken: [[Brezel-bed kentañ]], [[Eil brezel-bed]] (doare an titloù spagnolek pe italianek a vremañ, splann  e-barzh oberennoù [[:it:Andrea Camilleri]] pe [[:es:Arturo Pérez-Reverte]], ha n'eo ket ar re  a weler e [[:es:Luis Sepúlveda]] ).
Ne garfen ket ober gant un doare all (diaesoc'h da gompren ar perag anezhañ) evel '' Eil Brezel-bed '', ha nebeutoc'h c'hoazh gant ''Brezel-bed Kentañ''. Alioù all? [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 29 Eos 2009 da 03:46 (UTC)

=== Brezel hag embann===
Un draig all: an dibab a reomp amañ a c'hall derc'hel kont eus pezh a vez graet gant an embannerien, lakaomp e vije emglev etrezo (en em vodañ a reont moarvat evit komz eus traoù evel-se, kouda?) met gwelloc'h eo gouzout n'eo ket se a lakay an embannerien (lakaomp e sellfent ouzh hor [[wiki-ni]] ur wechig bennak) da heuliañ hon ali-ni n'eus forzh penaos.  [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 29 Eos 2009 da 04:02 (UTC)

===Klask sklaeraat an traoù===
D'am soñj-me, n'eo ket gwall sklaer diwar-benn petra resis emeur o komz, rak war a welan emeur o koazeal diwar-benn traoù disheñvel-mik an eil re diouzh ar re all war un dro, da lâret eo: diouzh un tu, implij ar pennlizherennoù e titloù levrioù h.a. all embannet er vro-mañ'r-vro ha; diouzh an tu all, implij ar pennlizherennoù e titloù pennadoù ar wikipedia. Kenglotaat a c'hellont an eil gant egile, evel-just, met n'eo ket dav. E saozneg, da skouer, e reer gant meur a doare lizherennañ evit titloù levrioù hervez an tier-embann, hag implijout a c'heller un doare all (pe get) war ar wikipedia, herevz dibab an implijerion/ezed. N'eus forzh penaos, pa denn ur pennad d'ul levr bet embannet, e ranker implijout doare lizherennañ orin al levr-se pa saver ur pennad diwar e benn war ar wikipedia zoken pa ne glota ket gant doare lizherennañ boutin ar wikipedia-se. [[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 29 Eos 2009 da 07:33 (UTC)
: An orin a oa penaos skrivañ evit ar Brezelioù-bed. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 29 Eos 2009 da 07:42 (UTC)

Tri mil c'hast! kollet ma zamm pennad adarre! Ma, re hir e oa marteze, ne rin ket en-dro. 
E galleg hag e saozneg hag e spagnoleg e reer gant lizherennoù bras evit pep ger en anvioù ar brezelioù. First World War, hag all. Kinnig a ran evit eeunaat, evit ar rummadoù,ober gant: [[:Rummad: Kentañ Brezel-Bed]], ha [[:Rummad:Eil Brezel-Bed]]. Hag echu ganin. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 29 Eos 2009 da 07:43 (UTC)


==Dibab evit ar Brezelioù-bed==

Krouiñ a ran an is-rummad mañ evit kemer un dibab. A-us e kavoc'h peadra da gaout un ali. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 29 Eos 2009 da 07:51 (UTC)

*Setu kinnigoù '''Bianchi-Bihan''' :
**pennlizherennoù evit pep ger: [[Kentañ Brezel-Bed]], [[Eil Brezel-Bed]] (doare an titloù saoznek peurvuiañ)
**pennlizherenn evit ar ger kentañ hepken: [[Brezel-bed kentañ]], [[Eil brezel-bed]] (doare an titloù spagnolek pe italianek a vremañ, splann  e-barzh oberennoù [[:it:Andrea Camilleri]] pe [[:es:Arturo Pérez-Reverte]], ha n'eo ket ar re  a weler e [[:es:Luis Sepúlveda]] ).

*Setu kinnig '''Y-M D''' :
**Ur bennlizherenn evit ar gêr a gaver da gentañ eveljust, ket a bennlizherenn evit ''bed'' dre ma 'z eo staget da ''Brezel'', ''Brezel-bed'' a zo un hollad, hag evit echuiñ ket a bennlizherenn evit ''kentañ'' dre ma 'z eo un anv-gwan. &lt;br&gt;
[[Brezel-bed kentañ]] hag [[Eil Brezel-bed]]. &lt;br&gt;
Me gav eo un doare poellek d'ober, dre ma 'z eus ur reolenn a vez heuliet. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 29 Eos 2009 da 07:51 (UTC)
#[[Brezel-bed kentañ]] hag [[Eil Brezel-bed]] a zo mat din, met mat e vefe kaout alioù all. --[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 29 Eos 2009 da 09:04 (UTC)
#[[Brezel-bed kentañ]] hag [[Eil Brezel-bed]] a zo mat din ivez. [[Implijer:Gwendal|Gwendal]] 30 Eos 2009 da 10:55 (UTC)
#[[Brezel-bed kentañ]] hag [[Eil Brezel-bed]] a zo mat din ivez. [[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 30 Eos 2009 da 13:25 (UTC)
#Memes mod. Klaod [[Implijer:Kadbzh|Kadbzh]] 30 Eos 2009 da 16:46 (UTC)
#[[Brezel-bed kentañ]] hag [[Eil Brezel-bed]] a zo mat din. --[[Implijer:Llydawr|Llydawr]] 31 Eos 2009 da 20:04 (UTC)

:War a welan eo bet dibabet ober gant ur stumm resis gant an darn vrasañ eus an dud, nemet ma teufe ker buan all implijerion/ezed all da reiñ ur soñj kontrol. Un dibab sklaer a zo bet graet neuze ha rankout a raio pep hini doujañ outañ, poellek pe get... Gortozet e vo un tammig muioc'h memestra evit gallout klevout ali implijerion/ezed all ha na deufe ket ken alies all da deurel ur sell war ar wikipedia-mañ. Gortoz gwell, gortoz pell - rak ne fell ket din kemmañ ur bern traoù ha neuze rankout o adlakaat en-dro en un doare all. A galon, [[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 10:37 (UTC)
::Ya evel just, a-du on ganit, gortozomp. Ne varvimp ket ma gortozomp un nebeut devezioù ouzhpenn. Ha gwir eo e vefe sot ha displijus kaout da cheñch an traoù mil gwech. A galon --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 11:21 (UTC)

==Poell ha poell==
:*Ne ran forzh penaos e vo skrivet an daou anv rummad-se, met ne fell ket din e vije lavaret ez eo poellekoc'h an doare (a seblant bout) dibabet eget ar re all. Meur a zoare poellek zo ha n'emañ ket an holl boell nag en un doare nag en ur penn nag en ur yezh hepken.
:*Pa vez lakaet [[Kentañ Brezel-Bed]] e vez heuliet ur reolenn ivez, hag unan eeun ken ec'h eo eeun,  ha poellek ken ec'h eo poellek (ar memes hini evel an hini zo e-barzh UDB, UNO, UMP, IRA): pennlizherenn evit pep ger, evel e-barzh [[:fr:Première Guerre Mondiale]] ( met e galleg e reer ivez gant [[:fr:Première Guerre mondiale]]  met ur yezh poellekoc'h eget ar re all eo ar galleg gant div reolenn moarvat) pe [[:en:First World War]]; ma n'eo ket poellek n'eo ket poellek ivez doareoù un toullad mat a yezhoù diboell ;
:*[[Breizh-Veur]] an hini a vez skrivet, ha [[Breizh-Izel]], [[Zeland-Nevez]], ha n'eo ket Breizh-veur! Ha ma n'eo ket se un &quot;hollad&quot;, n'eus hollad ebet war an tamm douar patatez -mañ! ... An hini poellek a skriv Brezel-bed a ranko bezañ poellek hed an neudenn ha skrivañ Breizh-izel da virviken. Pe neuze, evel-just , e vo kondaonet da vout diboell. Sklaer evel lagad an naer, an Naer-Vor kement hag o'r. 
:*En holl yezhoù keltiek, evit ur wech, e kaver emglev: pennlizherenn e pep ger 
:**E kembraeg (me 'gred e teu an droienn vrezhonek eus an hini gembraek) e lakaer pennlizherenn d'ar ger ''byd'', ken dinec'h ha tra.
[[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 00:54 (UTC)
==== Un nebeud yezhoù diboell====
*Pennlizherennoù e pep ger
[[:af:Eerste Wêreldoorlog]]
[[:als:Erster Weltkrieg]]
[[:an:Primera Guerra Mundial]]
[[:ang:Fyrst Ƿoruldgūþ]]
[[:bar:Erster Wödkriag]]
[[:bcl:Enot na Gyerang Pankinaban]]
[[:ca:Primera Guerra Mundial]]
[[:cy:Y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf]]
[[:de:Erster Weltkrieg]]
[[:en:World War I]]
[[:es:Primera Guerra Mundial]]
[[:eu:Lehen Mundu Gerra]]
[[:ext:I Guerra Mundial]]
[[:fy:Earste Wrâldkriich]]
[[:ga:An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]]
[[:gd:An Cogadh Mòr]]
[[:gl:Primeira Guerra Mundial]]
[[:gn:Peteĩha Ñorairõ Guasu]]
[[:gv:Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]
[[:hif:World War I]]
[[:ia:Prime Guerra Mundial]] 
[[:id:Perang Dunia I]][[:jv:Perang Donya I]]
[[:ksh:Eezte Weltkreech]]
[[:la:Bellum Orbis Terrarum I]]
[[:lb:Éischte Weltkrich]]
[[:li:Örsjte Waeltkreeg]]
[[:mg:Ady Lehibe Voalohany]]
[[:ms:Perang Dunia Pertama]]
[[:mwl:Purmeira Guerra Mundial]]
[[:nah:Īyāōyo in Cemānāhuac Inic Cē]]
[[:nds:Eerste Weltkrieg]]
[[:nds-nl:Eerste Wealdkrieg]]
[[:nl:Eerste Wereldoorlog]]
[[:nrm:Preunmié Dgèrre Mondiale]]
[[:oc:Primièra Guèrra Mondiala]]
[[:om:Warrana Adunya 1]]
[[:pap:Prome Guera Mundial]]
[[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 00:54 (UTC)

: A-du gant [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]]: n'eo ket amañ un afer dibab etre un dra poelloc'h evit egile. Poellek eo an daou ginnig d'am soñj, dre ma'z eus bet roet arguzenn a-leizh evit o sousten. Bremañ e ranker dibab etreze hervez c'hoant pep hini. [[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 07:47 (UTC)

:: Marteze evez heuliet skouer ar saozneg en degouezh-mañ, piv 'oar? Alies e c'hoarvez evel-hen war ar wikipedia... N'ues forzh penaos, eo diaes goût hg-eñ eo bet skrivet ar ger &quot;kentañ&quot; gant ur bennlizherenn peogwir eo anezhañ kentañ ger ar frazennig e meur a yezh pe a-hendall peogiwr e vez skrivet pep ger gant ur bennlizherenn... Aet on da deurel ur sell ouzh un toullad pennadoù er yezhoù-mañ (ha n'eo ket an holl anezhe avat) ha war a welan e vez skrivet gant pennlizherennoù pep ger pa vez e penn-kentañ ur frazenn pe get. Ar gwir a zo gant B-B nueze evit ar skouerioù-mañ. [[Implijer:Neal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Neal&lt;/span&gt;]]  [[User talk:Neal|&lt;sup&gt;(Kaozeal)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 07:31 (UTC)

Dipitet on un tamm o welet ar respontoù-mañ. Un tabut hir ha klok tre a zo bet dija (e-pad 10 devez d'an nebeutañ) ha kinnigoù a zo bet graet gant Bianchi-Bihan ha gant tud all. Ur c'hinnig am boa graet ivez o tisplegañ va doare da welet an traoù. Poellek e kaven va doare, met morse n' am eus lavaret ne oa ket ar re all, keit a ma vez un doare hollek da brederiañ ez eo poellek. Gellout a rafen displegañ va ali war an difoc'h etre [[Brezel-bed]] ha [[Breizh-Veur]], met ne rin ket dre ma ne tegaso netra frouezhus d'am soñj. &lt;br&gt;
Ar pezh a gavan dipitus un tamm eo e oamp erruet d'un dibab d'ober etre kinnigoù tabutet a-raok ha setu adkroget un tabut all (a gavan n'eo ket re liammet gant ar sujed orin ha ne tegaso ket kalz tra, met bon, neus forzh). Ma reer e-mod-se ne vo fin ebet ha dibab ebet, ha neuze e chomo sac'het wikipedia.&lt;br&gt;
Digor tre on d'an tabutoù, eskemmoù ha d'ar mennozhioù all, met d'ur mare eo ret dibab. Fiziañs am eus e vo reizhet ar gudenn buan-tre hag e vin komprenet gant an holl (prest on da zisplegañ gwelloc'h ma 'zo ezhomm). A galon --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 10:09 (UTC)

==Tabut==
[[Tabut]] n'eus ket, diviz zo. Arguzennoù zo ivez. Bremañ, votet gant an dud, echu din. Nann ne welan ket peseurt kemm zo da lakaat etre [[Kentañ Brezel-Bed]], un [[anv divoutin]], tre evel [[Breizh-Veur]]. Met n'omp ket war-bouez un dislavar er wikipedia. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 10:32 (UTC)
:Pa 'm eus implijet ar ger Tabut e oan o soñjal er mennozh diviz kentoc'h, evel ma peus lavaret a-us, trugarez dit evit bezañ diskouezet din talvoudegezh gwir ar ger tabut. Ma peus c'hoant e c'hellan displegañ va mennozh war ar an diforc'h-se, met ne gav ket din e vefe talvoudus, prest on d'en ober memestra ma peus c'hoant. D'am soñj eo mat ha n'eus ket ezhomm mont pelloc'h gant an diviz-se ha laoskomp ar re all da zibab. Ma 'z out a-du evel just (n' am eus ket c'hoant rediañ den). Trugarez, A galon --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 11:25 (UTC)
::Ya, karout a rafen gouzout petra eo an arguzennoù. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 13:23 (UTC)
:::A-du, ma peus c'hoant. Evidon Brezel-bed a zo ur mennozh, un hollad, un dra. Tu 'zo e gontañ Ur Brezel-bed. Padal eo implijet ''Izel'' evit termeniñ Breizh, Breizh hag a zo Izel. Marteze ne vi ket kendrec'het, met bon. Setu va sell war ar sujed-se. A galon --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 16:07 (UTC)
::::Gallout a reer kontañ ar brezelioù-bed, gwir eo, ha  buanoc'h eget ar rouaned Loeiz e Bro-C'hall, dre chañs. Ne larin ket eveldout eo ur mennozh: fetisoc'h eo eget ur vro zoken, a zo ur mennozh ivez, ha luc'hskeudennoù kriz zo eus an daou vrezel-bed. Poan am eus o kompren e vije war un do ur mennozh hag un dra, met ur vro zo un dra ivez: ret e vije  gouzout pe eus yezhadur pe eus prederouriezh ez eus kaoz amañ. Ne welan ket ivez e vije izel Breizh (na nevez Zeland-Nevez, na meur Kerne-Veur). A-hend-all, un dra zo sklaer din: e kembraeg, ar yezh tostañ, e skriver ''rhyfel byd'' ha [[:cy:Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf]]. Ha ne gredan ket e vije disheñvel ar ''mennozh''. Kendrec'het gant an displegadenn, n'on ket tamm ebet eta. Met ne vern ken ken. A galon. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 16:43 (UTC)
::::: Ma, ne dabutin ket, divizout ne lavaran ket. Goulennet ouzh kelennerien istor-douaroniezh Diwan : ne reont ket gant ar varrennig-stagañ, met gant pennlizherennoù (skouer : Eil Brezel Bed). Neuze marteze e rankomp votiñ en-dro? Ha just a-walc'h ma'z eus unan ac'hanoc'h dedennet gant an danvez e chom un nebeud  tud d'ober war o zro, gwelout : [[http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrom:Annezidi_diwezha%C3%B1_ar_F%C3%BChrerbunker]]. --[[Implijer:Ex-Smith|Ex-Smith]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 17:12 (UTC)
::::::Ma peus c'hoant e c'hellomp advotiñ (ma talvez ar boan ?), met mat e vefe ober un dra da vat neuze. Arabat eo e krogfe en-dro an diviz bep pemzektez. Me 'zo prest da sikour ac'hanout ma peus ezhomm, ur wech an amzer e klaskin ober tra pe dra. A galon. --[[Implijer:Y-M D|Y-M D]] 1 Gwe 2009 da 17:55 (UTC) (PS : an distro eo neuze ne vin ket kalz amañ er sizhun-mañ)
:::::::Afer ag an anvioù-mañ alies: kenkoulz gober gant &quot;brezel Bed kentañ&quot; hag [[Eil Brezel Bed&quot; (eeunoc'h da skrivañ, a-benn ar fin). Klaod. [[Implijer:Kadbzh|Kadbzh]] 9 Gwe 2009 da 15:55 (UTC)</text>
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&lt;noinclude&gt;
''Evit implijout lakaat ar pezh kinniget amañ a-is en ho pennad ha klokaat :''
&lt;pre&gt;{{Gwezenn-familh4
| 1 = 
| 2 = 
| 3 = 
| 4 = 
| 5 = 
| 6 = 
| 7 = 
| 8 = 
| 9 = 
|10 = 
|11 = 
|12 = 
|13 = 
|14 = 
|15 = 
}}&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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[[Rummad:Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Alamagn|Nordrhein-Westfalen]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Brandenburg</title>
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      <id>2194658</id>
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[[Rummad:Brandenburg]]
[[Rummad:Kêrioù Alamagn|Brandenburg]]</text>
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  <page>
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[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Liberia</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:29Z</timestamp>
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[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Taiwan</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>66901</id>
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      <id>2194619</id>
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[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Prizioù lennegel Kembre</title>
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[[Rummad:Prizioù lennegel|Kembre]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Livadurioù Botticelli</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>67664</id>
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      <id>2194676</id>
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      <text bytes="83" sha1="bl2rtcs7034svk2idvsq0n1fdbyhgnv" xml:space="preserve">{{commonscat|Sandro Botticelli}}

[[Rummad:Livadurioù hervez o oberour|Boticelli]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Demografiezh/Chapel-ar-Veuzid</title>
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&lt;/timeline&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù demografiezh kumunioù Breizh]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Rummad:Materi</title>
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[[Rummad:Meizadoù diazez ar fizik]]
[[Rummad:Natur]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An davarn/sizhunvezh 05 bloaz 2010</title>
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      <text bytes="4272" sha1="iq2hz37hm1sl4kw97lo0pv285ksz4oa" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--CHENCH 1--&gt;= 01/02/2010 — 07/02/2010 =
:[http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 2--&gt;05_bloaz_2010&amp;action=edit skrivañ un dra bennak &lt;!--CHENCH 3--&gt;er pempvet sizhun eus 2010] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn|An davarn]] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 4--&gt;04_bloaz_2010|sizhun a-raok]] — [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 5--&gt;06_bloaz_2010|sizhun war-lerc'h]]&lt;/br&gt;

=Wikeriadur=
Tremenet eo an 12 000 pennad daoust ma n'eo ket bras niver ar genlabourerien. Pep hini a c'hallfe ober un draig bennak bep an amzer. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 2 C'hwe 2010 da 21:09 (UTC).

== A Basque Portal on Breizh ==

Hi from the [http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azala Basque Wikipedia] to Breton Wikipedia. I try a Basque portal on Britain and the welcome message is in Basque and French: &quot;Ongi Etorri Bretainiari buruzko Euskal Atarira! - Bienvenue á le Portail Basque sur la Bretagne!&quot;, could someone translate that sentence to Brezhoneg? Thanks from [[Euskal Herria]] to [[Breizh]]. --[[:eu:Lankide:Euskalduna|Euskalduna]], 2 C'hwe 2010 da 22:32 (UTC)
:Respontet em eus dezhañ. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 3 C'hwe 2010 da 03:21 (UTC)

::Hi Bianchi! Firstly sorry for not writing in Brezhoneg.

::O.K, the welcome message will be the one you've suggested: &quot;Donemat d'ar Portal Euskarat diwar-benn Breizh! Ongi Etorri Bretainiari buruzko Euskal Atarira! Bienvenue au Portail Basque sur la Bretagne!&quot; (Unfortunately I am from [[Hego Euskal Herria]] and do not speak French. As an advance [http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari:Bretainia/Bretainia This is the welcome message].  

::I have made several Portals in the Basque Wikipedia on nations I have visited and have a linguistic, cultural and social situation similar to [[Euskal Herria]]: [http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari:Irlandako_Ataria The Basque Portal on Ireland] in green color, [http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari:Eskoziako_Ataria The Basque Portal on Scotland] in blue color and [http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari:Galesko_Ataria The Basque Portal on Wales] in red color... if you want an idea about how will be the Basque Portal on Britain, it will be identical to those Portals and in black, in homage to the Gwenn-ha-du and Breizh. 

::I too have created in [[Euskara]] articles on various locations in Brittany/Breizh that I liked very much when the visit: [[:eu:Paimpol]], [[:eu:Locronan]], [[:eu:Landéda]], [[:eu:Quiberon]], [[:eu:Roscoff]]... islands of Brittany: [[:eu:Île de Batz|Enez-Vaz]], [[:eu:Île-de-Bréhat|Enez-Vriad]], [[:eu:Belle-Île|Enez ar Gerveur]]... and [[:eu:Lorienteko Interzeltiar Jaialdia|Lorienteko Interzeltiar Jaialdia/Gouelioù Etrekeltiek An Oriant]]. As soon as I has built the Basque Portal on Breizh (I think it will be ready in March), I will send you the link, if you want me to make a suggestion or make improvements. 

::Keep working for your language and culture, greetings from [http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azala Basque Wikipedia] to Breton Wikipedia. And Eskerrik asko! Trugarez! for your help.--[[:eu:Lankide:Euskalduna|Euskalduna]], 3 C'hwe 2010 da 20:29 (UTC)

== A little translation ==

Salud!

Digarezit ac'hanon. Ne gomzan ket brezhoneg.

I don't know if this is the proper place to ask for a translation, but I can't find any. I would be very grateful if somebody could translate this sentence for me:

&quot;We have got a new basque school&quot;

The thing is we're opening a new basque school and we would like to have that sentence in as many languages as possible for the inauguration party.

Trugarez! --[[Implijer:Utergar|Utergar]] 3 C'hwe 2010 da 08:48 (UTC)
:That's good news! Tell us where, and we'll write it in the article: we've started articles about every ''herria'' in [[Euskal Herria]].  I propose: ''Ur skol euskarek nevez zo er vro!''  (Is it &quot;ikastola berria herrian&quot;?) . other option : ''Savet ganimp ur skol euskarek nevez !'', which means exactly: ''We've made (built by us) a new basque school''. [[Implijer:Bianchi-Bihan|Bianchi-Bihan]] 3 C'hwe 2010 da 12:15 (UTC)

::Trugarez! Thank you very much. It's an school for adults (euskaltegi) made by AEK in [[Gares]].--[[Implijer:Utergar|Utergar]] 3 C'hwe 2010 da 13:26 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>iq2hz37hm1sl4kw97lo0pv285ksz4oa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Implijerien lt-1</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>70037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194644</id>
      <parentid>1488415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:54:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="dr47gqgg3k9oryz3imkx6k9yp6hlp17" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|User lt-1}}
{{Rummad yezh|lt|1}}</text>
      <sha1>dr47gqgg3k9oryz3imkx6k9yp6hlp17</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Marvioù 1581</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>72701</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194679</id>
      <parentid>1490518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:03:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="84" sha1="8e7l5i2b8l029h88pw9te1ldigguyez" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|1581 deaths}}

[[Rummad:1581]]
[[Rummad:Marvioù ar bloavezhioù 1580]]</text>
      <sha1>8e7l5i2b8l029h88pw9te1ldigguyez</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Marvioù 1738</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>72818</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194681</id>
      <parentid>1490614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:03:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194681</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="84" sha1="ssgip3d84nyxsriiwsnvcyonsl34w07" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|1738 deaths}}

[[Rummad:1738]]
[[Rummad:Marvioù ar bloavezhioù 1730]]</text>
      <sha1>ssgip3d84nyxsriiwsnvcyonsl34w07</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox/Linenn gemmesk/teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>77108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194598</id>
      <parentid>1757102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2657" sha1="mczuk58vt9srjh31p68k29ir1vvsir4" xml:space="preserve">Gant ar patrom-mañ e c'heller sevel un [[Raktres:Infobox/V2#Sevel gant brikennoù|infobox V2]]  (ur voest kelaouiñ) diwar vrikennoù. Talvezout a ra ar vrikenn &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; da ouzhpennañ danvez e stumm ul linenn eus un daolenn hep riblenn. Kemmesk eo al linenn-se. Reiñ a ra tro da ziskwel ur vaezienn en arouerennoù tev er golonenn gleiz, hag ur vaezienn en arouezennoù normal en golonenn zehoù.

== Ereadurezh  ==
Eilit ha pegit an-dra-mañ e pajenn ar patrom infobox.
&lt;pre style=overflow:auto&gt;{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Anv ar vaezienn|Talvoud ar vaezienn|Talvoud width (ledander) ar golonenn gleiz|Talvoud colspan ar golonenn zehou}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''Arventenn 1''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ anv ar vaezienn gant arouezennoù tev e kolonenn gleiz an infobox evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Bro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;

* '''Arventenn 2''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ talvoud ar vaezienn gant arouezennoù normal e kolonenn zehou an infobox evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Bro|Belgia}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;

* '''Arventenn 3''' : Reiñ a ra tro da rediañ ar golonenn gleiz da gaout ul ledander bennak e dregantad (%). Ne zleer ket implijout an arventenn-mañ nemet e degouezhioù arbennik-kenañ a c'houlenn ur doare kinnig dibar. Aliet e vezer da chom hep implijout an arventenn-mañ pa ne vez ket rekis da vat, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Bro|Belgia|46}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 4''' : Talvezout a ra da cheñch talvoud coslpan ar golonenn zehou, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Bro|Belgia|46|2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo 1 talvoud ar c'holspan. Ne zleer ket implijout an arventenn-mañ nemet e degouezhioù arbennik-kenañ a c'houlenn ur doare kinnig dibar. Gallout a reer implijout anezhi da skouer pa vez linennoù 'zo e-barzh patromoù infobox hag o deus ouzhpenn div golonenn : teir pe ouzhpenn.

== Skouer ==
=== Skouer simpl ===
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Bro|Iwerzhon}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre style=overflow:auto&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk|Bro|Iwerzhon}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

=== Skouer e diabarzh ur patrom ===
&lt;pre style=overflow:auto&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn gemmesk
 | Bro|{{{bro|}}}
}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

== Gwelet ivez ==
* {{m|Infobox/Linenn gemmesk diret}} 
* [[Raktres:Infobox/Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù|Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù]]

{{Raktres infobox}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù brikennnoù infobox V2|Linenn gemmesk]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mczuk58vt9srjh31p68k29ir1vvsir4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox/Linenn roadenn/teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>77126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194599</id>
      <parentid>685957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194599</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2566" sha1="9bwuh0nj8b5jcqp195dt5clbsy6ik2o" xml:space="preserve">Gant ar patrom-mañ e c'heller sevel un [[Raktres:Infobox/V2#Sevel gant brikennoù|infobox V2]]  (ur voest kelaouiñ) diwar vrikennoù. Talvezout a ra ar vrikenn &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; da ouzhpennañ danvez e stumm ul linenn eus un daolenn hep riblenn. N'eo ket kemmesk eo al linenn-se. Reiñ a ra tro da ziskwel ur vaezienn en arouerennoù normal, nann tev eta, er golonenn gleiz, hag ur roadenn en arouezennoù normal ivez en golonenn zehoù.

== Ereadurezh  ==
Eilit ha pegit an-dra-mañ e pajenn ar patrom infobox.
&lt;pre&gt;{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Anv ar vaezienn|Talvoud ar vaezienn|Talvoud width (ledander) ar golonenn gleiz|Talvoud colspan ar golonenn zehou}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''Arventenn 1''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ anv ar vaezienn gant arouezennoù normal e kolonenn gleiz an infobox evel da skouer : &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Bro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

* '''Arventenn 2''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ talvoud ar vaezienn gant arouezennoù normal e kolonenn zehou an infobox evel da skouer : &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Bro|Belgia}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

* '''Arventenn 3''' : Reiñ a ra tro da rediañ ar golonenn gleiz da gaout ul ledander bennak e dregantad (%). Ne zleer ket implijout an arventenn-mañ nemet e degouezhioù arbennik-kenañ a c'houlenn ur doare kinnig dibar. Aliet e vezer da chom hep implijout an arventenn-mañ pa ne vez ket rekis da vat, evel da skouer : &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Bro|Belgia|46}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

* '''Arventenn 4''' : Talvezout a ra da cheñch talvoud coslpan ar golonenn zehou, evel da skouer :&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Bro|Belgia|46|2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo 1 talvoud ar c'holspan. Ne zleer ket implijout an arventenn-mañ nemet e degouezhioù arbennik-kenañ a c'houlenn ur doare kinnig dibar. Gallout a reer implijout anezhi da skouer pa vez linennoù 'zo e-barzh ur patrom hag o deus ouzhpenn div golonenn : teir pe ouzhpenn.

== Skouer ==
=== Skouer simpl ===
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Bro|Iwerzhon}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn|Bro|Iwerzhon}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

=== Skouer e diabarzh ur patrom ===
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn roadenn
 | Bro|{{{bro|}}}
}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

== Gwelet ivez ==
* {{m|Infobox/Linenn roadenn diret}} 
* [[Raktres:Infobox/Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù|Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù]]

{{Raktres infobox}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù brikennnoù infobox V2|Linenn roadenn]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9bwuh0nj8b5jcqp195dt5clbsy6ik2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox/Linenn/teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>77134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194600</id>
      <parentid>1757114</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3172" sha1="fzvugg0x464rfuk1yhy0l717n8p3rgj" xml:space="preserve">Gant ar patrom-mañ e c'heller sevel un [[Raktres:Infobox/V2#Sevel gant brikennoù|infobox V2]]  (ur voest kelaouiñ) diwar vrikennoù. Talvezout a ra ar vrikenn &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; da ouzhpennañ danvez e stumm ul linenn eus un daolenn hep riblenn. Reiñ a ra tro da ziskwel ur vaezienn gant arouezennoù normal, eleze nann tev, en ul linenn dezhi ur golonenn hepken.

== Ereadurezh  ==
Eilit ha pegit an-dra-mañ e pajenn ar patrom infobox.
&lt;pre&gt;{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn|Talvoud ar vaezienn|Lec'hiadur|liv an drekleur|liv an destenn|Talvoud colspan|Talvoud height}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''Arventenn 1''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ talvoud ar vaezienn gant arouezennoù normal e linenn an infobox ; da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;

* '''Arventenn 2''' : Talvezout a ra da reiñ lec'hiadur danvez linenn an infobox ; da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn|left}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Lakait &lt;kbd&gt;left&lt;/kbd&gt; evit lakaat an danvez a-gleiz, pe &lt;kbd&gt;right&lt;/kbd&gt; evit lakaat an danvez a-zehoù. Dre ziouer e vo kreizet an danvez : dre se, mar fell deoc'h lakaat ho tanvez er c'hreiz, laoskit an arventenn-se goullo.

* '''Arventenn 3''' : Talvezout a ra da reiñ liv drekleur al linenn ; da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn|left|f00}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo gris liv an drekleur, &lt;kbd&gt;#f9f9f9&lt;/kbd&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f9f9f9; color:#f9f9f9; border:1px solid #e6e6e6;&quot;&gt;MM&lt;/span&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 4''' : Talvezout a ra da reiñ liv testenn al linenn ; da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn|left|f00|fff}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo du liv an destenn, &lt;kbd&gt;#000&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 5''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ talvoud &lt;kbd&gt;colspan&lt;/kbd&gt; (ledander, e niver a vannoù) al linenn ; da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn|left|f00|fff|4}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo &lt;kbd&gt;2&lt;/kbd&gt; talvoud ar c'holspan. Ne zleer ket implijout an arventenn-se nemet evit abegoù arbennik-kenañ a c'houlenn un doare kinnig dibar. Gallout a reer implijout anezhi da skouer pa vez lod linennoù e-barzh ur patrom hag o deus ouzhpenn daou vann : tri pe ouzhpenn.

* '''Arventenn 6''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ talvoud &lt;kbd&gt;height&lt;/kbd&gt; (uhelder) al linenn, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn|left|f00|fff|4|100}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vez &lt;kbd&gt;100&lt;/kbd&gt; piksel an talvoud ; diret eo ouzhpennañ &lt;kbd&gt;px&lt;/kbd&gt;. Ne zleer ket implijout an arventenn-se nemet evit abegoù arbennik-kenañ a c'houlenn un doare kinnig dibar.

== Skouer ==
=== Skouer simpl ===
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn|Testenn}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

=== Skouer e diabarzh ur patrom ===
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Linenn
 | {{{evezhiadenn|}}}|left|FF0000
}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

== Gwelet ivez ==
* {{m|Infobox/Linenn diret}} 
* [[Raktres:Infobox/Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù|Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù]]

{{Raktres infobox}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù brikennnoù infobox V2|Linenn]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fzvugg0x464rfuk1yhy0l717n8p3rgj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox/Titl/teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>77137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194601</id>
      <parentid>2004343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2432" sha1="22wno3rrtyu0104hgo65hfm86g8g7xh" xml:space="preserve">Gant ar patrom-mañ e c'heller sevel un [[Raktres:Infobox/V2#Sevel gant brikennoù|infobox V2]]  (ur voest kelaouiñ) diwar vrikennoù. Talvezout a ra ar vrikenn &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Titl}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; da ouzhpennañ un titl e penn uhelañ un infobox.

== Ereadurezh  ==
Eilit ha pegit an-dra-mañ e pajenn ar patrom infobox.
&lt;pre&gt;{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|titl|liv an drekleur|talbenn|liv an destenn|Talvoud colspan}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''Arventenn 1''' : talvezout a ra da ouzhpennañ un titl d'an infobox, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 2''' : talvezout a ra da gemmañ liv drekleur titl an infobox, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...|80b0e0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#80b0e0; color:#80b0e0;&quot;&gt;MM&lt;/span&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo gris liv an drekleur, &lt;kbd&gt;#e1e1e1&lt;/kbd&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#e1e1e1; color:#e1e1e1; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;&quot;&gt;MM&lt;/span&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 3''' : talvezout a ra da ouzhpennañ ur [[Raktres:infobox/piktogram|piktogram &quot;talbenn&quot;]] e-barzh titl an infobox, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...|80b0e0|talbenn choarivideo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 4''' : talvezout a ra da gemmañ liv testenn titl an infobox, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...|80b0e0|talbenn choarivideo|fff}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo du liv an destenn, &lt;kbd&gt;#000&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 5''' : talvezout a ra da gemmañ talvoud &lt;kbd&gt;colspan&lt;/kbd&gt; an titl (e ledander e niver a vannoù), evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...|80b0e0|talbenn choarivideo|fff|3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo &quot;2&quot; talvoud &lt;kbd&gt;colspan&lt;/kbd&gt;.

== Skouerioù ==
=== Skouer simpl ===
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...|80B0E0|talbenn map}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Ho titl amañ...|80B0E0|talbenn map}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

=== Skouer e diabarzh ur patrom ===
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl
 | {{{anv|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|E1E1E1|talbenn diouer
}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

== Gwelet ivez ==
* {{m|Infobox/Istitl}} 
* {{m|Infobox/Istitl diret}} 
* [[Raktres:Infobox/Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù|Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù]]

{{Raktres infobox}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù brikennnoù infobox V2|Titl]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>22wno3rrtyu0104hgo65hfm86g8g7xh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox/Istitl diret/teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>77145</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194597</id>
      <parentid>1757103</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2661" sha1="n3c82zhku82g0ceuh9ojxfmkehxg6ce" xml:space="preserve">Gant ar patrom-mañ e c'heller sevel un [[Raktres:Infobox/V2#Sevel gant brikennoù|infobox V2]]  (ur voest kelaouiñ) diwar vrikennoù. Talvezout a ra ar vrikenn &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Istitl diret}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; da ouzhpennañ un istitl e-barzh un infobox. Diret eo an istitl peogwir ne zeu war wel nemet pa vez leuniet an trede arventenn er patrom-mañ.

== Ereadurezh  ==
Eilit ha pegit an-dra-mañ e pajenn ar patrom infobox.
&lt;pre&gt;{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Anv an istitl|An arventenn(où) a zistegno an diskwel|Liv an drekleur|Liv an destenn|Talvoud colspan}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''Arventenn 1''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ anv an istitl, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Melestradurezh}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 2''' : Talvezout a ra da venegiñ an arventenn(où) a zistegno diskwel an istitl e-barzh an infobox, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Melestradurezh|Izelvroioù}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

* '''Arventenn 3''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ liv drekleur an istitl, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Istitl|Melestradurezh|Izelvroioù|FF0000}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo gris liv an drekleur, #E1E1E1.

* '''Arventenn 4''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ liv testenn an istitl, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Istitl|Melestradurezh|Izelvroioù|FF0000|FFFFFF}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; Dre ziouer e vo du liv an destenn, #000000.

* '''Arventenn 5''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ talvoud coslpan an istitl, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Istitl|Melestradurezh|Izelvroioù|FF0000|FFFFFF|3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo 2 talvoud ar c'holspan.

== Skouerioù ==
=== Skouerioù simpl ===
; Skouer gant un arventenn
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Titl}}
{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Melestradurezh|Izelvroioù|E1E1E1}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Titl}}
{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Melestradurezh|Izelvroioù|E1E1E1}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

; Skouer hep arventenn
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Titl}}
{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Melestradurezh||E1E1E1}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Titl}}
{{Infobox/Istitl diret|Melestradurezh||E1E1E1}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

=== Skouer e diabarzh ur patrom ===
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl
 | Titl
}}
{{Infobox/Istitl diret
 | Melestradurezh|{{{bro|}}}|E1E1E1
}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Gwelet ivez ==
* {{m|Infobox/Istitl}} 
* [[Raktres:Infobox/Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù|Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù]]

{{Raktres infobox}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù brikennnoù infobox V2|Istitl diret]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n3c82zhku82g0ceuh9ojxfmkehxg6ce</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox/Dispartier/teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>77146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194596</id>
      <parentid>1757111</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1475" sha1="a65xd2haemq55opbhpv9tm5hwkiu6rx" xml:space="preserve">Gant ar patrom-mañ e c'heller sevel un [[Raktres:Infobox/V2#Sevel gant brikennoù|infobox V2]]  (ur voest kelaouiñ) diwar vrikennoù. Talvezout a ra ar vrikenn &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Dispartier}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; da lakaat ur varrenn dispartiañ da zont war wel.

== Ereadurezh  ==
Eilit ha pegit an-dra-mañ e pajenn ar patrom infobox.
&lt;pre&gt;{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Dispartier|Liv|Talvoud colspan}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''Arventenn 1''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ liv ar varrenn dispartiañ, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Dispartier|f00}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo gris al liv, &lt;kbd&gt;#aaa&lt;/kbd&gt;. Aliet e vezer d'ober kentoc'h gant al liv-se evit doujañ da garta c'hrafikel hollek an infobox-où.

* '''Arventenn 2''' : Talvezout a ra da gemmañ talvoud ar c'holspan, evel da skouer : &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox/Dispartier|f00|3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;. Dre ziouer e vo &lt;kbd&gt;2&lt;/kbd&gt; talvoud ar c'holspan.

== Skouer ==
=== Skouer simpl ===
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Titl}}
{{Infobox/Skeudenn|diouer.svg}}
{{Infobox/Dispartier}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox/Deroù}}
{{Infobox/Titl|Titl}}
{{Infobox/Skeudenn|diouer.svg}}
{{Infobox/Dispartier}}
{{Infobox/Dibenn}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{clr}}

== Gwelet ivez ==
* {{m|Infobox/Dispartier diret}} 
* [[Raktres:Infobox/Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù|Tutorial infobox gant brikennoù]]

{{Raktres infobox}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patromoù brikennnoù infobox V2|Dispartier]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a65xd2haemq55opbhpv9tm5hwkiu6rx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Matematikourien Henc'hres</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>78432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194682</id>
      <parentid>2038010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" sha1="4op98u3dqamt6o1ha0640xrtyska5zd" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Ancient Greek mathematicians}}

[[Rummad:Matematikourien Gres]]</text>
      <sha1>4op98u3dqamt6o1ha0640xrtyska5zd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Arzourien Japan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>78518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194623</id>
      <parentid>1553425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:48:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="114" sha1="ln3t17yhohnsjv0fh5tbx589no2u2gd" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Artists from Japan}}

[[Rummad:Arzourien hervez o bro|Japan]]
[[Rummad:Tud Japan hervez o obererezh]]</text>
      <sha1>ln3t17yhohnsjv0fh5tbx589no2u2gd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox C'hoariva (tud)/Skoazell</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>78898</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194591</id>
      <parentid>2000798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4067" sha1="emhg0izijyuu93ko59bxsmxrit92ji4" xml:space="preserve">En Infobox-mañ e kaver '''poltred an dud a labour war dachenn ar c'hoariva''', dreist-holl ar gomedianed.

Gwelet ivez an daolenn-gelaouiñ evit tud ar sinema : [[Patrom:Infobox Sinema (tud)]].

=== Taolenn da gopiañ-pegañ er pennad ===
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox C'hoariva (tud)
 | anv                 = 
 | skeudenn            = 
 | ment ar skeudenn    = 
 | alc'hwez            = 
 | anv ofisiel         = 
 | lesanv              = 
 | deiziad ganedigezh  = 
 | lec'h ganedigezh    = 
 | broadelezh          = 
 | deiziad marvedigezh = 
 | lec'h marvedigezh   = 
 | micher              = 
 | pezhioù brudet      = 
 | pried               = 
 | bugale              = 
 | web                 = 
 | prizioù             = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== Implij ===
Sed amañ titouroù evit aesaat an doare da leuniañ an daolenn.
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox Sinema (tud)
 | anv                 = &lt;!-- anv ar pennad, lakaet en un doare otomatek --&gt;
 | skeudenn            = &lt;!-- anv ar fichennaoueg gant hec'h astenn --&gt;
 | ment ar skeudenn    = &lt;!-- XXXpx --&gt;
 | alc'hwez            = &lt;!-- frazenn evit kinnig ar skeudenn --&gt;
 | anv ofisiel         = &lt;!-- anv klok an den --&gt;
 | lesanv              = &lt;!-- lesanv(ioù) --&gt;
 | deiziad ganedigezh  = &lt;!-- {{Deiziad|DD|Miz|BBBB}} --&gt;
 | lec'h ganedigezh    = &lt;!-- Kêr, {{Bro}} --&gt;
 | broadelezh          = &lt;!-- Anv ar vro pe ar broioù --&gt;
 | deiziad marvedigezh = &lt;!-- {{Deiziad|DD|Miz|BBBB}} --&gt;
 | lec'h marvedigezh   = &lt;!-- Kêr, {{Bro}} --&gt;
 | micher              = &lt;!-- Aktour, Saver pezhioù-c'hoari, Leurenner... --&gt;
 | pezhioù brudet      = &lt;!-- un nebeud hepken, ar re vrudetañ --&gt;
 | pried               = &lt;!-- pa vez brudet hepken --&gt;
 | bugale              = &lt;!-- pa vez brudet hepken --&gt;
 | web                 = &lt;!-- chomlec'h al lec'hienn genrouedad gouestlet d'an denn --&gt;
 | prizioù             = &lt;!-- ar re bouezusañ hepken --&gt;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

===Skouer===
* [[Goulc'han Kervella]] :
{{Infobox C'hoariva (tud)
 | anv                 = Goulc'han Kervella
 | skeudenn            = GKervella3.jpg
 | ment ar skeudenn    = 
 | alc'hwez            = Goulc'han Kervella
 | anv ofisiel         = Goulc'han Kervella 
 | lesanv              = Laouig ar Meuler
 | deiziad ganedigezh  = {{Deiziad|4|Gouere|1951}}
 | lec’h ganedigezh    = [[Plougerne]] ({{Breizh}})
 | broadelezh          = 
 | deiziad marvedigezh = 
 | lec’h marvedigezh   = 
 | micher              = [[Aktour]]&lt;br&gt;Leurenner&lt;br&gt;Saver pezhioù-c'hoari&lt;br&gt;Rener ur strollad-c'hoariva&lt;br&gt;Stummer&lt;br&gt;[[Skrivagner]]  
 | pezhioù brudet      = Ar Basion Vras&lt;br&gt;Buhez Mikael an Nobletz&lt;br&gt;Yann-Vari Perrot&lt;br&gt;Ar Mevel Bras&lt;br&gt;Fest ar Pimoc'h
 | pried               = 
 | bugale              = 
 | web                 = 
 | imdb                = 
 | prizioù             = [[Kolier an Erminig]] e [[1998]]
}}&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto;&quot;&gt;
{{Infobox C'hoariva (tud)
 | anv                 = 
 | skeudenn            = GKervella3.jpg
 | ment ar skeudenn    = 
 | alc'hwez            = Goulc'han Kervella
 | anv ofisiel         = Goulc'han Kervella 
 | lesanv              = Laouig ar Meuler
 | deiziad ganedigezh  = {{Deiziad|4|Gouere|1951}}
 | lec’h ganedigezh    = [[Plougerne]] ({{Breizh}})
 | broadelezh          = 
 | deiziad marvedigezh = 
 | lec’h marvedigezh   = 
 | micher              = [[Aktour]]&lt;br&gt;Leurenner&lt;br&gt;Saver pezhioù-c'hoari&lt;br&gt;Rener ur strollad-c'hoariva&lt;br&gt;Stummer&lt;br&gt;[[Skrivagner]]  
 | pezhioù brudet      = Ar Basion Vras&lt;br&gt;Buhez Mikael an Nobletz&lt;br&gt;Yann-Vari Perrot&lt;br&gt;Ar Mevel Bras&lt;br&gt;Fest ar Pimoc'h
 | pried               = 
 | bugale              = 
 | web                 = 
 | imdb                = 
 | prizioù             = [[Kolier an Erminig]] e [[1998]]
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=all/&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Rummad:Patrom infobox V2]]
[[Rummad:Patrom infobox c'hoariva|Tud]]
[[Rummad:Patromoù infobox]]
&lt;!-- Catégories pour le [[Modèle:{{subst:BASEPAGENAME}}]]--&gt;


&lt;!-- Interwikis pour le [[Modèle:{{subst:BASEPAGENAME}}]]--&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>emhg0izijyuu93ko59bxsmxrit92ji4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Tud Polonia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>79582</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194706</id>
      <parentid>1494965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:10:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194706</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="87" sha1="lcqxlxduwo5uw4pxompk6oaajvdc04f" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|People of Poland}}

[[Rummad:Tud hervez o bro|Polonia]]
[[Rummad:Polonia]]</text>
      <sha1>lcqxlxduwo5uw4pxompk6oaajvdc04f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Tud Asiria</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>79747</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194704</id>
      <parentid>1501493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:09:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <origin>2194704</origin>
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      <text bytes="52" sha1="t442b1u44qygp9df0tbmhi0nym6pxtb" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Tud hervez o bro|Asiria]]
[[Rummad:Asiria]]</text>
      <sha1>t442b1u44qygp9df0tbmhi0nym6pxtb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Pladennoù</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>81469</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194691</id>
      <parentid>1495441</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:06:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194691</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="fv3jjqd8dmob40v6mr6g5n88ryel9cg" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Music albums}}

[[Rummad:Oberennoù sonerezhel]]</text>
      <sha1>fv3jjqd8dmob40v6mr6g5n88ryel9cg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Tud hervez o obererezh hag o bro</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>81515</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194705</id>
      <parentid>2038030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:10:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="195" sha1="4mgkqk78sjap1dexi6hiv4e646mz5rt" xml:space="preserve">''Gwelout ivez: [[:Rummad:Tud hervez o bro hag o obererezh]]''
{{Commonscat|People by occupation by country}}

[[Rummad:Tud hervez o bro|+Obererezh ha bro]]
[[Rummad:Tud hervez o obererezh|+Bro]]</text>
      <sha1>4mgkqk78sjap1dexi6hiv4e646mz5rt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Arz arnevez</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>81579</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194622</id>
      <parentid>1521191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:48:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <origin>2194622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" sha1="44ggv826k72trnzvxoo4t37snmxlr9g" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Modern art}}

[[Rummad:Luskadoù arzel|Arnevez]]
[[Rummad:Arnevezerezh]]</text>
      <sha1>44ggv826k72trnzvxoo4t37snmxlr9g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Surentez</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>82614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194702</id>
      <parentid>2038035</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:09:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194702</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="dfdenura1ra8v4oupo48xotdu14kt9j" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Security}}

[[Rummad:Kevredigezh]]
[[Rummad:Dizarbenn]]</text>
      <sha1>dfdenura1ra8v4oupo48xotdu14kt9j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Luskadoù sevenadurel</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>82697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194678</id>
      <parentid>1521201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" sha1="iuz5jh2naraaf8in5a1cuxjbf2zia98" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Cultural history}}

[[Rummad:Sevenadur]]</text>
      <sha1>iuz5jh2naraaf8in5a1cuxjbf2zia98</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Soudan</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194616</id>
      <parentid>2038040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:43:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="138" sha1="k468209qjq6fyn5d6dq4ix5d2buyprx" xml:space="preserve">[[Skeudenn:Flag of Sudan.svg|20px|border|Banniel Soudan]] [[Soudan]]&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Rummad:Patromoù bannieloù|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k468209qjq6fyn5d6dq4ix5d2buyprx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kumunioù Araba</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>84406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194654</id>
      <parentid>2053876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194654</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="143" sha1="8igq6kuhbg28smqg8tlcp6we6c8vmmu" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Municipalities of Álava-Araba}}

[[Rummad:Araba]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù Euskal Herria]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù Proviñsoù Spagn|Araba]]</text>
      <sha1>8igq6kuhbg28smqg8tlcp6we6c8vmmu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Binvioù-seniñ dre c'hwezh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>85022</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194626</id>
      <parentid>1521237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:49:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59" sha1="6jdws7yaferdmvsmru8az9sx733rz6p" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Wind instruments}}

[[Rummad:Binvioù-seniñ]]</text>
      <sha1>6jdws7yaferdmvsmru8az9sx733rz6p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Manche-Atlantique</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>85202</id>
    <redirect title="Marc&#039;hhouarnerezh e Pluveleg" />
    <revision>
      <id>2194541</id>
      <parentid>880578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:57:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="60" sha1="ndubenkpohn08pahvalh31s0fqxl96w" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Marc'hhouarnerezh e Pluveleg#Manche-Atlantique]]</text>
      <sha1>ndubenkpohn08pahvalh31s0fqxl96w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Teuliadur Patrom/Preload</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>85269</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194620</id>
      <parentid>1994714</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1098" sha1="15n0kn8c5845xf84yzxd6brphnfg7kx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;no&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;include&gt;{{teuliadur patrom gwelet end-eeun}}&lt;/no&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;include&gt;

== Implij==
Skrivañ deskrivadur pal ar patrom-mañ.

== Ereadur ==
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{sub&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;st:BASEPAGENAME}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|paramètre1|nom1param=valeur1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

== Arventennoù ==
* '''1''' = ''paramètre1'' – description (obligatoire/optionnel, par défaut ''valeur'')
* '''nom1param''' = ''valeur1'' – description (obligatoire/optionnel, par défaut ''valeur'')

== Skouer ==
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{sub&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;st:BASEPAGENAME}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|paramètre1|nom1param=valeur1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{{{{sub&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;st:BASEPAGENAME}}|paramètre1|nom1param=valeur1}}

&lt;include&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;only&gt;
&lt;!-- Rummadoù ha liammoù etrewiki ar patrom --&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;!-- Da cheñch pa vez tiredoù war lizherennoù zo en anv ar patrom --&gt;
[[rummad:&lt;!-- KLASKIT UN ISRUMMAD AZAS--&gt;]]

&lt;-- skouer liammoù etrewiki :
--&gt;
&lt;/include&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;only&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>15n0kn8c5845xf84yzxd6brphnfg7kx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Country data Italia</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>85338</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194578</id>
      <parentid>2038049</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194578</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="334" sha1="0lpth64r1mvlbgq1ibs3zwrpgq6oxab" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1}}}
| alias = Italia
| flag alias = Flag of Italy.svg
| flag alias-1861 = Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Italy.svg
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1861
| redir1 = ITA
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0lpth64r1mvlbgq1ibs3zwrpgq6oxab</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Country data Suafrika</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>85429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194580</id>
      <parentid>2116465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194580</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1018" sha1="f225i9qn4qxf8b8jh48bqfeo2i0wdxs" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1}}}
| alias = Suafrika
| flag alias = Flag of South Africa.svg
| flag alias-1910 = South Africa Flag 1910-1912.svg
| flag alias-1912 = South Africa Flag 1912-1928.svg
| flag alias-1928 = Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of South Africa.svg
| flag alias-naval-1922 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-1946 = Naval ensign of South Africa (1946-1951).svg
| flag alias-naval-1952 = Naval Ensign of South Africa (1952-1981)-2.svg
| flag alias-naval-1981 = Naval Ensign of South Africa (1981-1994).png
| link alias-naval = South African Navy
| flag alias-air force = Ensign of the South African Air Force.svg
| link alias-air force = South African Air Force
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1910
| var2 = 1912
| var3 = 1928
| var4 = naval-1922
| var5 = naval-1946
| var6 = naval-1952
| var7 = naval-1981
| redir1 = ZAF
| redir2 = RSA
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>f225i9qn4qxf8b8jh48bqfeo2i0wdxs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Linkbox Stadoù Alamagn</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>85484</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194605</id>
      <parentid>2113231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2361" sha1="73fi5nbnedqopgp296dqbuo392j1u4c" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Karte Bundesrepublik Deutschland.svg|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;&gt;
{{Image label|x=-94.0|y=-125.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|15px]] '''[[Saks-Izel]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-79.0|y=-92.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Bremen Wappen(Mittel).svg|15px]]  '''[[Bremen]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-114.0|y=-70.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:DEU Hamburg COA.svg|15px]] ''' [[Hamburg]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-190.0|y=-52.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (great).svg|15px]] '''[[Mecklenburg-Pomerania ar C'hornaoueg|Mecklenburg-Pomerania&lt;br /&gt;ar C'hornaoueg]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-180.0|y=-160.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Wappen Sachsen-Anhalt.svg|15px]] '''[[Saks-Anhalt|Saks-&lt;br /&gt;Anhalt]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-233.0|y=-205.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Saxony.svg|15px]] '''[[Saks]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-201.0|y=-102.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Brandenburg Wappen.svg|15px]] '''[[Brandenburg]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-223.0|y=-128.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:DEU Berlin COA.svg|15px]] '''[[Berlin]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-144.0|y=-220.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Thuringia.svg|15px]] '''[[Thüringen]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-83.0|y=-230.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Hesse.svg|15px]] '''[[Hessen]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-25.0|y=-180.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westfalia.svg|15px]] '''[[Nordrhein-Westfalen|Nordrhein-&lt;br /&gt;Westfalen]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-14.0|y=-249.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|15px]] '''[[Rheinland-Pfalz|Rheinland-&lt;br /&gt;Pfalz]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-172.0|y=-314.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Bayern Wappen.svg|15px]] '''[[Bavaria]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-65.0|y=-335.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg (lesser).svg|15px]] '''[[Baden-Württemberg|Baden-&lt;br /&gt;Württemberg]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-25.0|y=-295.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|15px]] '''[[Saarland]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=-104.0|y=-17.0|scale={{{width|-1}}}|text=[[Image:DEU Schleswig-Holstein COA.svg|15px]] '''[[Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-&lt;br /&gt;Holstein]]'''}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>73fi5nbnedqopgp296dqbuo392j1u4c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kêrioù Libia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>86179</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194663</id>
      <parentid>2038055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118" sha1="8g7skqyrx9djxarlke63g0i318z4zcw" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons|Category:Cities in Libya}}
{{Commonscat|Cities in Libya}}

[[Rummad:Kêrioù Afrika|Libia]]
[[Rummad:Libia]]</text>
      <sha1>8g7skqyrx9djxarlke63g0i318z4zcw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Proviñsoù Sveden</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>86305</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194699</id>
      <parentid>1496458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:08:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194699</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" sha1="4c7wp3e9ukohen6kyil8sqog5jtnx57" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Douaroniezh Sveden]]
[[Rummad:Istor Sveden]]</text>
      <sha1>4c7wp3e9ukohen6kyil8sqog5jtnx57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Liorzherezh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>87372</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194674</id>
      <parentid>1496620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:02:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194674</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="d61k2x2om3a5emc7h6t5yohcqyvsovm" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Teknikoù ha skiantoù da dalvezout]]</text>
      <sha1>d61k2x2om3a5emc7h6t5yohcqyvsovm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Asparagaceae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>88032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194624</id>
      <parentid>1507584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:49:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16" sha1="odcqrrv2v22zy7g7jnfs3lm9wkz3u59" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Plant]]</text>
      <sha1>odcqrrv2v22zy7g7jnfs3lm9wkz3u59</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Menegit ho taveoù</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>90304</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194554</id>
      <parentid>2038073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T18:03:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194554</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1615" sha1="cff6yib7fvb4clpdszbbw348w39stt3" xml:space="preserve">Mat eo bezañ resisoc'h ha kaout un daveenn asur: lavaret piv en deus lavaret kement-mañ ha pelec'h e c'haller kaout kement-se (ha reiñ daveennoù a-zoare: levr, lec'hienn... pajenn, bloavezh).

==Wikipedia n'eo ket un dave==
N'hall ket Wikipedia (an hini brezhonek pe ar reoù all) bezañ lakaet da zaveenn. Dav eo kaout &quot;eildaveennoù&quot;, da lavaret eo un oberenn diavaez (geriadur, studiadenn...) hag a c'hall bezañ gwiriet aes.

==Goulenn ma vefe lakaet daveennoù==
Skrivañ evel-henn : &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Daveoù a vank}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; war-lerc'h an arroudenn a gav deoc'h e vefe mat kaout un dave pe veur a hini.

Evel-just eo ne dalv ar boan goulenn daveennoù nemet evit traoù hag a c'hallfe sevel breud diwar o fenn, pe douetañs. Ne servij da netra lakaat war-lerc'h ''«gwenn eo an erc'h»'' pe ''«ur golvan a zo ul labous»''. Met evit traoù dic'hortoz pe nebeut anavezet evel ''«an dugez Anna a blije dezhi c'hoari ar bouloù»'' eo mat lakaat e pelec'h eo bet pesketaet seurt keloù ganeoc'h.

==Lakaat an daveennoù e stumm notennoù==
Evit lakaat notennoù, skrivañ an traoù etre &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ha goude lakaat &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; e traoñ ar bajenn (ma n'emañ ket c'hoazh), pe neuze, pa vez c'hoant lakaat bihanoc'h, pe war zaou vann: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{reflist}} {{reflist|2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
Da skouer, m'ho peus c'hoant da venegiñ pelec'h ho peus kavet ar c'hevatal brezhonek d'ar galleg &quot;Olympe&quot;:
*'''Olimpos'''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Roparz Hemon, ''Nouveau dictionnaire breton-français'', Al Liamm, 1978, p.606a.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

==Pennad kar==
*[[Patrom:Daveoù a vank]]

[[Rummad:Wikipedia]]</text>
      <sha1>cff6yib7fvb4clpdszbbw348w39stt3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Pretioù</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>90695</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194696</id>
      <parentid>2038075</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194696</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91" sha1="bx9o5biutatkfdrzbxt8ued7fhxcxjh" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Restaurants}}

{{pennañ|Preti}}

[[Rummad:Savadurioù]]
[[Rummad:Keginerezh]]</text>
      <sha1>bx9o5biutatkfdrzbxt8ued7fhxcxjh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Krenouriezh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>91757</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194652</id>
      <parentid>1815555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:56:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="l2z568dz0e2nuc1tva90tv3e2z4l978" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:kristeniezh]]
[[Rummad:protestantiezh]]</text>
      <sha1>l2z568dz0e2nuc1tva90tv3e2z4l978</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Tiegezhioù Portugal</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>91909</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194703</id>
      <parentid>1521305</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:09:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="86" sha1="8drkxq0zfzsatv88ity2z8ii9wsxa28" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Tiegezhioù nobl|Portugal]]
[[Rummad:Tud Portugal]]
[[Rummad:Istor Portugal]]</text>
      <sha1>8drkxq0zfzsatv88ity2z8ii9wsxa28</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Noblañsoù alaman</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>92752</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194687</id>
      <parentid>2055747</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:05:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194687</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="142" sha1="nwei9o1ucpnlg94fictfe3jaw69hppw" xml:space="preserve">''Gwelit ivez [[:Rummad:Tiegezhioù Alamagn]]''
{{Commonscat|Nobility of Germany}}

[[Rummad:Tud Alamagn]]
[[Rummad:Noblañs dre vro|Alamagn]]</text>
      <sha1>nwei9o1ucpnlg94fictfe3jaw69hppw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Sizhun</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>93548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194614</id>
      <parentid>2038084</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="532" sha1="j7luqrz26ii7wzypbk6nqevmo860yrn" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;WSerieH&quot; id=&quot;WDiadoked&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.2em; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width:2px; border-bottom-width:2px; ; background:#fbf8df; text-align:center;&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;padding:0.2em; background:#eeddbb;&quot; | '''[[Sizhun|Deizioù ar sizhun]]'''
|-
| style=&quot;padding:0.2em&quot; | [[Lun (deiz)|Lun]] – [[Meurzh (deiz)|Meurzh]] – [[Merc'her (deiz)|Merc'her]] – [[Yaou (deiz)|Yaou]] – [[Gwener (deiz)|Gwener]] – [[Sadorn (deiz)|Sadorn]] – [[Sul (deiz)|Sul]]
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j7luqrz26ii7wzypbk6nqevmo860yrn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Blenierien Formulenn 1</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>97198</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194627</id>
      <parentid>2038102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:49:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="81" sha1="t7zk1gtq71le36yqm2w1pmnu3xdaqyi" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Formula One drivers}}

[[Rummad:Formulenn 1]]
[[Rummad:Sportourien]]</text>
      <sha1>t7zk1gtq71le36yqm2w1pmnu3xdaqyi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Poltred Markizez Santa Cruz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97387</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194511</id>
      <parentid>1930750</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T15:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziv</username>
        <id>76088</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:Jacques-Louis David 016.jpg]] → [[File:Juliette Récamier, née Bernard - Jacques-Louis David - Musée duLouvre Peintures INV 3708.jpg]] → File replacement: Updating from an old version to a newer version with better quality ([[c:c:GR]])</comment>
      <origin>2194511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3066" sha1="fspr5y3do5b9cul9pxtk8kxol7wrm98" xml:space="preserve">{{Taolenn | fichennaoueg_skeudenn=Retrato de la Marquesa de Santa Cruz.jpg
| titl=Poltred Markizez Santa Cruz
| livour=Francisco de Goya
| bloavezh=1805
| doare=[[Eoullivadur]] war vezher
| uhelder=124,7 cm
| ledander= 207,9 cm
| mirdi=Mirdi ar Prado
| kêr=Madrid
| bro=Spagn}}

'''Poltred Markizez Santa Cruz''' zo un [[eoullivadur]] gant al livour spagnol [[Goya]] e 1805, anezhañ poltred [[Joaquina Téllez-Girón]], ur varkizez yaouank 21 bloaz, hag a c'haller gwelout e [[mirdi ar Prado]] e [[Madrid]], kêr-benn [[Spagn]].

==Istor==
Joaquina Téllez-Girón a oa eil merc'h dug Osuna. Goya a oa mignon d'he zad, ha poltrediñ e verc'h a reas pa oa-hi 21 bloaz. Markizez Santa Cruz e teuas da vezañ pa zimezas da José Gabriel de Silva y Walstein, markiz Santa Cruz, kentañ rener [[Mirdi ar Prado]].

[[Image:Goya Maja naga2.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Francisco Goya]], ''[[Maja vestida e maja desnuda|La maja desnuda]]'', [[1800]] ca, eoullivadur, 95 x 190, [[Madrid]], [[Museo del Prado]]]] [[Image:Juliette Récamier, née Bernard - Jacques-Louis David - Musée duLouvre Peintures INV 3708.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Jacques-Louis David]], ''[[Madame Récamier]]'', [[1800]], eoullivadur, 174 x 224, [[Pariz]], [[Mirdi al Louvre]]]]

Ur vaouez kaer e oa a-hervez, awenerez barzhed hag arzourien. Pa oa bihan e oa bet poltredet ar varkizez gant Goya er poltred [[Duged Osuna gant o bugale]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Francisco Goya]], ''[[Los duques de Osuna y sus hijos]]'', gant Goya ([[1788]]).[[Madrid]], [[Mirdi ar Prado]]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==An daolenn==
[[File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 026.jpg|thumb|[[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]], ''[[Danae (Rembrandt)|Danae]]'', war-dro [[1636]], [[eoullivadur]], 185 x 203, [[Sant Petersbourg]], [[Mirdi ar Peniti]]]]
Gwisket e gwenn eo ar vaouez, en ur [[sae]] hir skañv, war ur [[gwele]] ruz, un [[telenn|delenn]] ganti en he [[dorn]] [[kleiz]]: [[Euterpe]] an hini eo, muzenn ar sonerezh hag ar varzhoniezh, un [[alegorienn]] anezhi. Bleunioù melen zo war he fenn. Ul [[lauburu]] zo war he zelenn.

Levezon nevezklasel an amzer a weler en daolenn, hini [[Jacques-Louis David|David]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Jacques-Louis David]], ''[[Madame Récamier]]'', 1800, [[Parigi]], [[Louvre]]&lt;/ref&gt; pe hini [[Canova]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Antonio Canova]], ''[[Paolina Borghese (Canova)|Paolina Borghese]]'' evel [[Venus Victrix]] [[1805]] – [[1808]], [[Roma]], [[Galleria Borghese]],&lt;/ref&gt;, hag ivez, hini arzourien koshoc'h [[Guercino]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Guercino]], ''[[Morte di Didone]]'', 1631, [[Roma]], [[Galleria Spada]]&lt;/ref&gt; pe [[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]], ''[[Danae (Rembrandt)|Danae]]'', 1636, [[Sant Petersbourg]], [[Mirdi ar peniti]]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ha damheñvelik eo ivez da boltredoù Venus graet gant [[Diego Velázquez]] ha [[Tizian]]. Ar bleunioù war he fenn a ra dave d'an doue [[Bacchus]], hag al lirenn da [[Apollon]].

Kenañ e tenn doare ar varkizez gourvezet da hini maouez ar [[Maja desnuda]] ha da hini ar [[Maja vestida]].

== Notennoù ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Rummad:Livadurioù Goya]]</text>
      <sha1>fspr5y3do5b9cul9pxtk8kxol7wrm98</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Distrigoù Israel</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>98321</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194584</id>
      <parentid>2003476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:36:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194584</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="415" sha1="ecgp9pcd42fqqzjkmv2mq0o7h63ibcz" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name  = Distrigoù Israel
|state = show
|title = [[Distrigoù Israel]]
|listclass = hlist
|list1 = 
[[Distrig Kreiz (Israel)|Kreiz]] - [[Distrig Haifa|Haifa]] - [[Distrig Jeruzalem|Jeruzalem]] - [[Distrig an Norzh (Israel)|Norzh]] - [[Distrig ar Su (Israel)|Su]] - [[Distrig Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]]
}}[[Rummad:Distrigoù Israel&lt;noinclude&gt;|τ&lt;/noinclude&gt;]]&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Rummad:Patromoù Israel]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ecgp9pcd42fqqzjkmv2mq0o7h63ibcz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An davarn/sizhunvezh 43, bloaz 2012</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>100468</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194553</id>
      <parentid>1757219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T18:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2275" sha1="jq0zokty3o10xw57skamhjy22jwnnjt" xml:space="preserve">= 22/10/2012 — 28/10/2012 =

:[http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 2--&gt;43,_bloaz_2012&amp;action=edit Skrivañ un dra bennak &lt;!--CHENCH 3--&gt;en trede sizhun ha daou-ugent eus 2012] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn|An davarn]] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 4--&gt;42, bloaz_2012|sizhun a-raok]] — [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_&lt;!--CHENCH 5--&gt;44, bloaz_2012|sizhun war-lerc'h]]&lt;/br&gt;

== Restroù fazius ==

Emaon o plediñ gant strollad 4 [[Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] (am eus echuet, trugarez deoc'h), ha merzet em eus un draig iskis : pa 'z eo reizh korrskeudenn TBAE evit [[Titaniom]] ez eo fazius evit [[Zirkoniom]], [[Hafniom]] ha [[Rutherfordiom]].
Pemzek lantanid ha pemzek aktinid zo e korrskeudenn Ti (ar 15vet o vezañ e traoñ ar strollad 3, ar pezh a zo reizh), pa n'eus mui nemet 14 e re Zr, Hf hag Rf (unliv eo ar strollad 3). Reizh eo lec'h pep elfenn er strollad 4 evelato, ha reizh ivez he ferzhioù atomek.&lt;br /&gt;
Heñveldra a c'hoarvez e lod yezhoù, war-bouez ruseg ha saozneg da skouer.
Hag un doare zo da gemmañ andon ar c'horrskeudennoù-se ? N'eus ket mall ! — [[Implijer:T42N24T|T42N24T]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:T42N24T|kaozeal]]) 27 Her 2012 da 20:00 (UTC)
== IPA ==
Salut! Pour la Wikipedia germanophone (pour commencer) je cherche la transcription IPA correcte pour &quot;Mor-Bihan&quot; - '''en breton'''. Jusque là on ne trouve que la prononciation française: WP.en: {{IPA-fr|mɔʁbi.ɑ̃}} mɔʁbi.ɑ̃   et WP.de: [{{IPA|mɔʀbiˈɑ̃}}]. Est-ce que quelqu´un/une peut aider? Trugarez! [[:fr:Utilisateur:Stephele|Stephele]]--[[Dibar:Degasadennoù/217.232.71.2|217.232.71.2]] 29 Du 2011 da 18:20 (UTC)
Vraiement persone??? C´est déplorable!!--[[Dibar:Degasadennoù/217.232.38.127|217.232.38.127]] 28 Her 2012 da 20:50 (UTC)
::C'est dimanche, et je suppose qu'il fait beau en Bretagne... La prononciation correcte est&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; color:Blue&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''/mor'bi:ãn/'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
(Réf : ''Geriadur brezhoneg'' An Here, Plougastell-Daoulaz, 2001 ISBN 978-2-86843-236-0)&lt;br&gt;
[[Restr:Flag of Scotland.svg|32px]] [[Implijer:Siubhán McGunn|Siubhán McGunn]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Siubhán McGunn|kaozeal]]) 28 Her 2012 da 21:54 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jq0zokty3o10xw57skamhjy22jwnnjt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Melldroaderien Azerbaidjan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>101221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194684</id>
      <parentid>1499255</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:04:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194684</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="146" sha1="h7dz35va2mh9dywf77lk7nwnek8z2el" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Association football players from Azerbaijan}}

[[Rummad:Sportourien Azerbaidjan]]
[[Rummad:Melldroaderien hervez o bro|Azerbaidjan]]</text>
      <sha1>h7dz35va2mh9dywf77lk7nwnek8z2el</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kumunioù proviñs Lugo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>102054</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194655</id>
      <parentid>2053495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:57:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194655</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="101" sha1="r7fzqabgae3uqmkxmhvjk35dp4rh4th" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Kumunioù Galiza|Lugo]]
[[Rummad:Proviñs Lugo]]
[[Rummad:Kumunioù Proviñsoù Spagn|Lugo]]</text>
      <sha1>r7fzqabgae3uqmkxmhvjk35dp4rh4th</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Void/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>102391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194621</id>
      <parentid>1521404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="569" sha1="q2i8olr2w4xsyern0hcdnikyamya6w2" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
This template does nothing.&lt;br /&gt;
More exactly, it outputs the null string. It's useful for programming advanced templates.

It often is used within a template to the right of an equals sign. 

==Alternatives==
{{Tl|Null}} redirects here. It's also possible to use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ns:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, the empty/void/null string for the main [[m:Help:Namespace|namespace]].

==See also==
*[[Template:voidd]] - can be used for monitoring parameter usage

&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q2i8olr2w4xsyern0hcdnikyamya6w2</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Rnd/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>102433</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194612</id>
      <parentid>1521407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2732" sha1="7zpvg1olok9658klj42x6bsg6pwynfs" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. --&gt;
==Usage==
This template rounds parameter 1 by parameter 2 decimal places (goes the other way for negative rounding) and includes trailing zeros.
::: {{&lt;code&gt;'''rnd'''|54.376|2&lt;/code&gt;}} &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; gives {{rnd|54.376|2}}
::: {{&lt;code&gt;'''rnd'''|54.376|-1&lt;/code&gt;}} &amp;nbsp; gives {{rnd|54.376|-1}}
::: {{&lt;code&gt;'''rnd'''|68.4273E12|-10&lt;/code&gt;}} gives {{rnd|68.4273E12|-10}}
For example, rounding by 1 gives 1 decimal digit, rounding by&amp;nbsp;0 gives integers, or rounding by&amp;nbsp;-2 gives the amount in hundreds. [[Scientific notation]] is displayed for numbers greater than or equal to 1{{e|9}}, or less than 1{{e|−4}}.

'''Examples:'''
*{{&lt;code&gt;rnd|2.0004|3&lt;/code&gt;}} gives {{rnd|2.0004|3}}
**whereas {{&lt;code&gt;#expr:2.0004 round 3&lt;/code&gt;}} gives {{#expr:2.0004 round 3}}
*{{&lt;code&gt;rnd|0.000020004|7&lt;/code&gt;}} gives {{rnd|0.000020004|7}}
*{{&lt;code&gt;rnd|0|8&lt;/code&gt;}} gives {{rnd|0|8}}
*{{&lt;code&gt;rnd|154268|-3&lt;/code&gt;}} gives {{rnd|154268|-3}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|1200004|-1}}
**whereas {{xpsoc|#expr:1200004round-1}}, even though  {{xpsoc|#expr:1300004round-1}} (see [[m:Help:Format produced by expr]]) 
*{{xpsoc|rnd|1300004|-1}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|4.1e6|9}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|4.1e6|10}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|1542689271|-7}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|1542689271|2}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|7e9|-9}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|-123|1}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|-1200007|-2}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|-1234567899|-7}}
As with #expr, the total number of significant digits is not more than 14:
*{{xpsoc|rnd|1234567890.123456789|10}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|123456789.0123456789|10}}
*{{xpsoc|rnd|.0001234567890123456789|20}}

==Internal details==
The markup-based version of Template:rnd uses three subtemplates:
*{{tl|rnd/-}} — for trailing zeros
*{{tl|rnd/e+}} — for scientific notation for numbers greater than or equal to 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; or less than or equal to −10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;
*{{tl|rnd/e−}} — for scientific notation for numbers greater than −10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt; and less than 10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt; but not equal to zero

The [[Lua script|Lua]]-based version of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rnd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; uses [[Module:Math]] and always has an expansion depth of 3. However, the markup-based version has an expansion depth of 9–15, which depends on the size of the numbers (integer results use depth 9, decimals use depth 12), where astronomical numbers can hit expansion depth of 15 levels, for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rnd|56.44e33|-32}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;rarr; 5.64&amp;nbsp;× 10&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;.

==See also==
*{{M|rndfrac}}
*{{M|rndnear}}
*{{M|rndgaps}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
++++ PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE, THANK YOU. --&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}
[[Category:Mathematical function templates]]
[[Category:Lua-based templates]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7zpvg1olok9658klj42x6bsg6pwynfs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox settlement/checkauto/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>102443</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194595</id>
      <parentid>1521397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4402" sha1="1n7gvxbdqsiminfdnvsdpzxngqnv2qa" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;
{{notice|'''This subtemplate is not intended to be used directly'''}}
This '''subtemplate of {{Tl|Infobox settlement}}''' checks the inputs that will be passed to {{Tl|Infobox settlement/densdisp}} if there is a density to be displayed. This template outputs the density either as provided or as calculated (if set to auto). The automatic calculation requires both the population and area; if either is not provided then this template generates no output.

=== Usage ===
 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Infobox settlement/checkauto
 | /km2  = ''auto'' or population density per [[km2]] (via ''population_density_km2'' and others)
 | /sqmi = ''auto'' or population density per [[sqmi]] (via ''population_density_sq_mi'' and others)
 | pop   = population (via ''population_total'' and others)
 | km2   = area in square kilometres (via ''area_total_km2'' and others)
 | sqmi  = area in square miles (via ''area_total_sq_mi'' and others)
 | ha    = area in [[hectare]]s (via ''area_total_ha'' and others)
 | acre  = area in [[acre]]s (via ''area_total_acre'' and others)
 | dunam = area in [[dunam]]s (via ''area_total_dunam'' and others)
 }}

=== Examples with density auto ===
As shown in the following examples, this template calculates the density if all three of the following conditions are met: /km2 (or /sqmi) is set to auto, a number if given for population, and a number is given for area. It also strips any formatting from the numbers, such as population with commas in the examples, which would otherwise cause an error in the calculation (see [[mw:Help:Magic words#Formatting]]).
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Code
!Result
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop=123,456|km2=10}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop=123,456|km2=10}}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop= |km2=10}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop= |km2=10}}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop=123,456|km2= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop=123,456|km2= }}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop= |km2= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=auto|pop= |km2= }}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2= |pop= |km2= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2= |pop= |km2= }}
|}

=== Examples with density number ===
As shown in the following examples, this template always displays the density if given as a number, regardless of whether the population and area are defined. It also strips any formatting in the number, such as the commas in the examples.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Code
!Result
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop=123,456|km2=10}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop=123,456|km2=10}}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop= |km2=10}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop= |km2=10}}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop=123,456|km2= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop=123,456|km2= }}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop= |km2= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|style=&quot;padding: 10px&quot;|{{Infobox settlement/checkauto|/km2=12,345.6|pop= |km2= }}
|}

=== See also ===
*{{TL|Infobox settlement}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/areadisp}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/densdisp}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/lengthdisp}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/pref}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/metric}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/metric/mag}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/impus}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/impus/mag}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/dunam}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/dunam/mag}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/link}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement cleaner}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Geography infobox subtemplates]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1n7gvxbdqsiminfdnvsdpzxngqnv2qa</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox settlement/areadisp/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>102445</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194594</id>
      <parentid>1437620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37088" sha1="hk475jkeuf4xvqkrve9heflv6dv68xk" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;
{{notice|'''This subtemplate is not intended to be used directly'''}}

This '''subtemplate of {{M|Infobox settlement}}''' displays area values.

=== Usage ===
 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Infobox settlement/areadisp
 | km2   = area in [[square kilometre]]s (via ''area_total_km2'' and others)
 | sqmi  = area in [[square mile]]s (via ''area_total_sq_mi'' and others)
 | ha    = area in [[hectare]]s (via ''area_total_ha'' and others)
 | acre  = area in [[acre]]s (via ''area_total_acre'' and others)
 | dunam = area in [[dunam]]s (via ''area_total_dunam'' and others)
 | pref  = preference to display /km2 or /sqmi (via ''unit_pref'')
 | name  = name of country (via ''subdivision_name'')
 | link  = if ''dunam_link'' = on, returns ''total=on''
 | mag   = set to value of ''area_magnitude''
 }}

=== Examples: square kilometre (km2) ===
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=N}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
! &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
|-
! km2=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(sq. mi.)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
! &amp;nbsp;
! km2=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(sq. mi.)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:10000/2.589988110336}}|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10000/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=10000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:22222/2.589988110336}}|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22222/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=22222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1000/2.589988110336 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1000/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=1000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2222/2.589988110336 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2222/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;100&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|100}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:100/2.589988110336 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=100}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:222/2.589988110336 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:10/2.589988110336 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=10}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:22/2.589988110336 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1/2.589988110336 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2/2.589988110336 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.1/2.589988110336 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.1/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2/2.589988110336 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.01&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.01}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.01/2.589988110336 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.01/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.01}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.22/2.589988110336 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.001/2.589988110336 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.001/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.222/2.589988110336 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.222/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.0001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.0001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.0001/2.589988110336 round7}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.0001/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.0001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2222/2.589988110336 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2222/2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|km2=0.2222}}
|}

=== Examples: square mile (sqmi) ===
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=N}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
! &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
|-
! sqmi=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
! &amp;nbsp;
! sqmi=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:10000*2.589988110336}}|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10000*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=10000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:22222*2.589988110336}}|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22222*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=22222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:1000*2.589988110336}}|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1000*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=1000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:2222*2.589988110336}}|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2222*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;100&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|100}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:100*2.589988110336}}|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=100}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:222*2.589988110336}}|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:10*2.589988110336}}|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=10}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Rnd|{{#expr:22*2.589988110336}}|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1*2.589988110336 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2*2.589988110336 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.1*2.589988110336 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.1*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2*2.589988110336 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.01&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.01}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.01*2.589988110336 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.01*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.01}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.22*2.589988110336 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.001*2.589988110336 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.001*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.222*2.589988110336 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.222*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.0001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.0001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.0001*2.589988110336 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.0001*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.0001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2222*2.589988110336 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2222*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.00001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.00001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.00001*2.589988110336 round7}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.00001*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.00001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.22222*2.589988110336 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22222*2.589988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|sqmi=0.22222}}
|}

=== Examples: hectare (ha) ===
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=N}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
! &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
|-
! ha=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(acres)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
! &amp;nbsp;
! ha=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(acres)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:10000/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10000/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=10000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:22222/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22222/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=22222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1000/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1000/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=1000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2222/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2222/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;100&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|100}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:100/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=100}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:222/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:10/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=10}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:22/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1/0.4046856422 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2/0.4046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.1/0.4046856422 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.1/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2/0.4046856422 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.01&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.01}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.01/0.4046856422 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.01/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.01}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.22/0.4046856422 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.001/0.4046856422 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.001/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.222/0.4046856422 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.222/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.0001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.0001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.0001/0.4046856422 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.0001/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.0001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2222/0.4046856422 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2222/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.00001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.00001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.00001/0.4046856422 round7}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.00001/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.00001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.22222/0.4046856422 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22222/0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|ha=0.22222}}
|}

=== Examples: acre ===
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=N}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
! &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
|-
! acre=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(hectares)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
! &amp;nbsp;
! acre=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion&lt;br/&gt;(hectares)
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:10000*0.4046856422 round 1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10000*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=10000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:22222*0.4046856422 round 1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22222*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=22222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1000*0.4046856422 round 2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1000*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=1000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2222*0.4046856422 round 1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2222*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;100&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|100}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:100*0.4046856422 round 2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=100}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:222*0.4046856422 round 1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:10*0.4046856422 round 2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=10}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:22*0.4046856422 round 1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:1*0.4046856422 round 3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:2*0.4046856422 round 2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.1*0.4046856422 round 4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.1*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2*0.4046856422 round 3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.01&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.01}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.01*0.4046856422 round 5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.01*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.01}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.22*0.4046856422 round 4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.001*0.4046856422 round 6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.001*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.222*0.4046856422 round 4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.222*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.0001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.0001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.0001*0.4046856422 round 7}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.0001*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.0001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{#expr:0.2222*0.4046856422 round 5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2222*0.4046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=UK|acre=0.2222}}
|}

=== Examples: dunam ===
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=N}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
! &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=2 | Input
! colspan=3 | Output
|-
! dunam=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
! &amp;nbsp;
! dunam=
! [[Template:Precision|Precision]]
! Conversion
! [[Template:Order of magnitude|Order of&lt;br/&gt;magnitude]]
! Template&lt;/br&gt;output
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;100000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|100000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | km2:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:100000/1E3}}&lt;br/&gt;sqmi:&amp;nbsp;{{Rnd|{{#expr:100000/2589.988110336}}|3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100000/1E3}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100000/2589.988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=100000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;222222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|222222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | km2:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:222222/1E3}}&lt;br/&gt;sqmi:&amp;nbsp;{{Rnd|{{#expr:222222/2589.9881103363}}|3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222222/1E3}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222222/2589.988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=222222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | km2:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:10000/1E3}}&lt;br/&gt;sqmi:&amp;nbsp;{{Rnd|{{#expr:10000/2589.988110336}}|3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10000/1E3}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10000/2589.988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=10000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | km2:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:22222/1E3}}&lt;br/&gt;sqmi:&amp;nbsp;{{Rnd|{{#expr:22222/2589.9881103363}}|3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22222/1E3}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22222/2589.988110336}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=22222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1000}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | km2:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:1000/1E3}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:1000/4.046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1000/1E3}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1000/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=1000}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | km2:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:2222/1E3}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:2222/4.046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2222/1E3}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2222/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=2222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;100&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|100}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:100/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:100/4.046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:100/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=100}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:222/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:222/4.046856422 round1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:222/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|10}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:10/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:10/4.046856422 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:10/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=10}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:22/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:22/4.046856422 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:22/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:1/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:1/4.046856422 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:1/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:2/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:2/4.046856422 round2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:2/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.1}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.1/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.1/4.046856422 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.1/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.1/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.1}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.2/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.2/4.046856422 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.01&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.01}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.01/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.01/4.046856422 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.01/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.01/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.01}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.22&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.22}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.22/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.22/4.046856422 round3}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.22/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.22}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.001/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.001/4.046856422 round6}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.001/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.001/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.222/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.222/4.046856422 round4}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.222/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.222/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.222}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.0001&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.0001}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.0001/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.0001/4.046856422 round7}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.0001/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.0001/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.0001}}
| &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;0.2222&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Precision|0.2222}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | ha:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.2222/10}}&lt;br/&gt;ac:&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:0.2222/4.046856422 round5}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2222/10}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:0.2222/4.046856422}}}}
| style=&quot;padding:10px;&quot; | {{Infobox settlement/areadisp|pref=Dunam|dunam=0.2222}}
|}

=== See also ===
*{{TL|Infobox settlement}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/checkauto}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/densdisp}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/lengthdisp}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/pref}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/metric}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/metric/mag}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/impus}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/impus/mag}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/dunam}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/dunam/mag}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement/link}}
*{{TL|Infobox settlement cleaner}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Geography infobox subtemplates]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Max/5</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>102486</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194606</id>
      <parentid>1437708</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2200" sha1="digu9nf0bk80hbccg126rf8txrclr5x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
-=============================================================================
-  Max/5 - Return maximum of 5 amounts which can include text entries
-=============================================================================
--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{max/2
  |{{max/3
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{1|0}}} }} |-9e99|{{{1|0}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{2|0}}} }} |-9e99|{{{2|-9e99}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{3|0}}} }} |-9e99|{{{3|-9e99}}} }}
   }}|{{max/2
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{4|0}}} }} |-9e99|{{{4|-9e99}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{5|0}}} }} |-9e99|{{{5|-9e99 }}} }}
   }}&lt;!--end max/2 #2--&gt;
}}&lt;!--end max/2 #1 -- get max of two groups of 3 or 2 numbers
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation|content=
&lt;br&gt;The '''[[Template:Max/5]]''' returns the maximum number, out of 5 parameters, where some parameters can be ignored as text entries rather than numbers (such as a parameter with &quot;none&quot; or &quot;n/a&quot; or &quot;-&quot;).

:: '''Usage:''' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/5 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 3 }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;rarr; 7
::::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/5 |24|65|(pass)|4|none}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;rarr; 65
::::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/5 | -7 |-4 |-1 |-6 | -9 }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;rarr; -1
::::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/5 | &amp;nbsp;| 34 | &amp;nbsp; | &amp;nbsp; | 31 }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;rarr; 34

To set a floor amount, as a minimum result, also pass a specified amount, such as &quot;50&quot; where &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/5|1|2|3|4|50}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; will return at least 50 as the maximum. Otherwise, negative numbers are allowed, to find the highest among negative numbers, when all negative.

; Peformance considerations
This template, in turn, uses [[Template:Max/3]] and [[Template:Max/2]] to find the maximum among two groups of 3 and 2 parameters, but it also skips any invalid or text data in the entries, such as &quot;(pass)&quot; or &quot;n/a&quot; or &quot;--&quot; or &quot;none&quot; etc. Hence, only the numeric parameters are compared, not the text words.

The [[wp:Expansion depth limit|template-expansion depth]] is kept to a minimum, as 8 nesting levels, by avoiding deeply nested if-else-else-else structures.
}}

[[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]]
[[Category:Mathematical function templates]]
[[Category:Templates with minimal expansion depth]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>digu9nf0bk80hbccg126rf8txrclr5x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Max/6</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>102487</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194607</id>
      <parentid>1437709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194607</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2268" sha1="4iat91en9itl6y8xyt7s645br719b95" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
-=============================================================================
-  Max/6 - Return maximum of 6 amounts which can include text entries
-=============================================================================
--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{max/2
  |{{max/3
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{1|0}}}+0 }} |-9e99|{{{1|0}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{2|0}}}+0 }} |-9e99|{{{2|-9e99}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{3|0}}}+0 }} |-9e99|{{{3|-9e99}}} }}
   }}|{{max/3
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{4|0}}}+0 }} |-9e99|{{{4|-9e99}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{5|0}}}+0 }} |-9e99|{{{5|-9e99}}} }}
      |{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{6|0}}}+0 }} |-9e99|{{{6|-9e99}}} }}
   }}&lt;!--end max/3 #2--&gt;
}}&lt;!--end max/2 #1 -- get max of two groups of 3 and 3 numbers
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation|content=
&lt;br&gt;The '''[[Template:Max/6]]''' returns the maximum number, out of 6 parameters, where some parameters can be ignored as text entries rather than numbers (such as a parameter with &quot;none&quot; or &quot;n/a&quot; or &quot;-&quot;).

:: '''Usage:''' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/6 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 3 }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;rarr; 8
::::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/6 |24|65|(pass)|87|4|none}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;rarr; 87
::::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/6 | -7 |-4 |-2 |-1 |-6 | -9 }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;rarr; -1
::::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/6 | x | 34 | - | z | 30 | 31 }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;rarr; 34

To set a floor amount, as a minimum result, also pass a specified amount, such as &quot;50&quot; where &lt;nowiki&gt;{{max/6&amp;nbsp;|1|2|3|4|5|50}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; will return at least 50 as the maximum. Otherwise, negative numbers are allowed, to find the highest among negative numbers, when all negative.

; Peformance considerations
This template, in turn, uses [[Template:Max/3]] twice to find the maximum among two groups of 3 and 3 parameters, but it also skips any invalid or text data in the entries, such as &quot;(pass)&quot; or &quot;n/a&quot; or &quot;--&quot; or &quot;none&quot; etc. Hence, only the numeric parameters are compared, not the text words.

The [[wp:Expansion depth limit|template-expansion depth]] is kept to a minimum, as 8 nesting levels, by avoiding deeply nested if-else-else-else structures.
}}

[[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]]
[[Category:Mathematical function templates]]
[[Category:Templates with minimal expansion depth]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4iat91en9itl6y8xyt7s645br719b95</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Inizi al Liger</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>102569</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194645</id>
      <parentid>1597596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:54:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194645</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="qc89kd21tz4aq8ekxvna8hsl7p9uyfu" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Inizi er stêrioù]]
[[Rummad:Liger]]</text>
      <sha1>qc89kd21tz4aq8ekxvna8hsl7p9uyfu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Ley-WD</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>112906</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194603</id>
      <parentid>1590993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:38:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1242" sha1="1b4gncedku6wpy6z8e4sgatqlh0rald" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[{{{1}}}|{{{3}}}]]|[[{{{1}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:{{{1|}}}|| &lt;small&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|square|&amp;#91;|(}}&lt;!--

--&gt;[[d:{{{2}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;{{{1}}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; e yezhoù arall&quot;&gt;yezhoù arall&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|square|&amp;#93;|)}}&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;


Anv ar patrom, &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;ley-WD&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;, a dalv &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;liamm etre yezhoù-Wikidata&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;.

==Implij==
Talvoudus eo ar patrom-se pa faot gober liammoù da veur a yezh mes ponner e vehe o renabliñ razh, ma'h eus re anezhe pe a-gaoz ma vez kudennoù a-leizh pa zibaber yezhoù da renabliñ èl-se. Get ar patrom-mañ e rahet ar liamm da [[WP:Wikidata|Wikidata]], ma c'hell ar lennerion dibab e-mesk kement yezh a zo evit ur pennad-skrid.

Teir arventenn dizanv a zo evit ar patrom-mañ&amp;nbsp;:
# ar pennad-skrid liammet doc'htoñ
# an niverenn Wikidata
# (àr zibab) testenn da ziskouez evit ar pennad-skrid liammet doc'htoñ

Da skouer,

* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;ley-WD|Falles|Q1143768|Falles (València)}}&lt;/code&gt;

a brodu

*{{ley-WD|Falles|Q1143768|Falles (València)}}

Pa vo krouet ar pennad-skrid [[Falles]] e tay diàr-wel ar peurrest ag ar liamm.

[[Rummad:Patromoù]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1b4gncedku6wpy6z8e4sgatqlh0rald</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Embregerezh seveniñ filmoù Amerikan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>115102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194634</id>
      <parentid>1991875</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:51:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="3sh3yaap9llszhtsofztto5gfter7mc" xml:space="preserve">Embregerezhioù seveniñ filmoù Amerikan

[[Rummad:Sinema SUA]]</text>
      <sha1>3sh3yaap9llszhtsofztto5gfter7mc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>YouTube Poop</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194711</id>
      <parentid>1905054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:18:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-38582-07</username>
        <id>92625</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2194711</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="703" sha1="a5gzemljoy6xktb5wp6lme2jkdl7v0i" xml:space="preserve">'''YouTube Poop''' berraet e '''YTP''' ([[Brezhoneg]]: Kaoc'h [[YouTube]])&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.madmoizelle.com/youtube-poop-decryptage-192819 ''9/12/2013 Lec'hienn madmoizelle.com - Ar Youtube Poop: disifrañ ul lusk WTF'']&lt;/ref&gt; a zo un doare video diboell e stumm [[mashup]], savet o frammañ videoioù a zo anezho dija evit krouiñ traoù fentus, dudius, stroñsus pe displann.

Alies e vezont diazezet war videoioù kentoc'h evit an dud deuet. Ar videoioù [https://www.vidmatelite.com/youtube-video-downloader YouTube Poop] a vez uskarget dre vras war lec'hienn [[YouTube]], met gallout a reont bezañ lakaet war lec'hiennoù rannañ video all.

==Notennoù ha deveennoù==
{{Daveoù}}
[[Rummad:Fent]]</text>
      <sha1>a5gzemljoy6xktb5wp6lme2jkdl7v0i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2194712</id>
      <parentid>2194711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:20:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Kemmoù [[Special:Contributions/~2026-38582-07|~2026-38582-07]] ([[User_talk:~2026-38582-07|Kaozeal]]) distaolet; adlakaet da stumm diwezhañ [[User:Llydawr|Llydawr]]</comment>
      <origin>1905054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="648" sha1="i1lg2hpvs9ms91oj3do94doogl16ggm" xml:space="preserve">'''YouTube Poop''' berraet e '''YTP''' ([[Brezhoneg]]: Kaoc'h [[YouTube]])&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.madmoizelle.com/youtube-poop-decryptage-192819 ''9/12/2013 Lec'hienn madmoizelle.com - Ar Youtube Poop: disifrañ ul lusk WTF'']&lt;/ref&gt; a zo un doare video diboell e stumm [[mashup]], savet o frammañ videoioù a zo anezho dija evit krouiñ traoù fentus, dudius, stroñsus pe displann.

Alies e vezont diazezet war videoioù kentoc'h evit an dud deuet. Ar videoioù YouTube Poop a vez uskarget dre vras war lec'hienn [[YouTube]], met gallout a reont bezañ lakaet war lec'hiennoù rannañ video all.

==Notennoù ha deveennoù==
{{Daveoù}}
[[Rummad:Fent]]</text>
      <sha1>i1lg2hpvs9ms91oj3do94doogl16ggm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Morococcyx erythropygus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194571</id>
      <parentid>2140395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T07:41:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Couiros22</username>
        <id>27307</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2194571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1988" sha1="go8ztrl2sxoufzhohqbp2bhmd0o3a5f" xml:space="preserve">{{Stumm an titl|''Morococcyx erythropygus''}}
{{Taxobox Loen|''Morococcyx&lt;br&gt;erythropygus''|Lesser Ground-cuckoo 2396618655.jpg|statud=LC}}
{{Taxobox Phylum|Chordata}}
{{Taxobox Classis|Aves}}
{{Taxobox Ordo|Cuculiformes}}
{{Taxobox Familia|Cuculidae}}
{{Taxobox Familia|Cuculidae}}
{{Taxobox Subfamilia|Neomorphinae}}
{{Taxobox Genus|Morococcyx}}
{{Taxobox Anv skiantel|Morococcyx erythropygus|([[René Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], [[1842]])}}
{{Taxobox Echu}}
{{Commonscat}}
{{Wikispecies}}
'''''Morococcyx erythropygus'''''&lt;ref&gt;N'en deus ar spesad anv boutin ebet testeniekaet e brezhoneg evit poent.&lt;/ref&gt; a zo ur [[spesad]] [[evn]]ed eus ar [[c'herentiad]] [[Cuculidae]].&lt;br&gt;

Anvet e voe ''Coccyzus erythropyga'' da gentañ-penn (e [[1842]]) gant an naturour [[gall]] [[René Primevère Lesson]] ([[1794]]-[[1849]]) : ar spesad nemetañ er genad ''Morococcyx''&lt;ref&gt;[[Philip Lutley Sclater|P.L.Sclater]], [[1862]].&lt;/ref&gt; an hini eo.

==Doareoù pennañ==


==Boued==
Bevañ a ra diwar [[divellkeineg|zivellkeineg]]ed hag a bak diwar al leur.

==Annez hag isspesadoù==
Ar spesad a gaver an daou [[isspesad]] anezhañ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} [https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/turacos/  Roadennoù ''IOC World Bird List'' diwar-benn ''Morococcyx erythropygus''.]&lt;/ref&gt; e [[Kreizamerika]] ha [[Mec'hiko]] :
* ''Morococcyx erythropygus '''erythropygus''''', eus su Mec'hiko da norzh [[Costa Rica]],
* ''M. e. mexicanus'', e kornôg ha su Mec'hiko.

==Liammoù diavaez==
*{{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094224/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22684447  ''Morococcyx erythropygus'' el lec'hienn BirdLife International.]
*{{en}} [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22684447/0  ''Morococcyx erythropygus'' e lec'hienn an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).]

==Notennoù ha daveennoù==
{{Daveoù}}
[[Rummad:Cuculidae]]
[[Rummad:Cuculiformes]]
[[Rummad:Evned Kreizamerika]]
[[Rummad:Evned Mec'hiko]]
[[Rummad:Genadoù evned]]
[[Rummad:Neomorphinae]]</text>
      <sha1>go8ztrl2sxoufzhohqbp2bhmd0o3a5f</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Pennadoù dre zodennoù</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>132135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194688</id>
      <parentid>1746330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:05:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194688</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="101" sha1="0opj132ccnh6q4cvxnc0h5w0um4knye" xml:space="preserve">Na lakait amañ nemet rummadoù a zo estreget ur skourr eus ur rummad all.

[[Rummad:Rummad pennañ]]</text>
      <sha1>0opj132ccnh6q4cvxnc0h5w0um4knye</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rummad:Kanaouennoù Nedeleg</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>135075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194648</id>
      <parentid>1777868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:55:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
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      <text bytes="50" sha1="t4l1eihcd31racbvjd0s9ceoyq478ey" xml:space="preserve">[[Rummad:Nedeleg]]
[[Rummad:Kanaouennoù|Nedeleg]]</text>
      <sha1>t4l1eihcd31racbvjd0s9ceoyq478ey</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kib vell-droad ar bed 2022</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>137687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194512</id>
      <parentid>2034866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T15:37:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>hivizaet</comment>
      <origin>2194512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1611" sha1="kkmnrr63pgpdjyx7nsol6npusyxwr7x" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:90%;text-align:center;margin: 8px&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kib vell-droad 2022
Qatar 2022
|-
!width=&quot;45%&quot;|
!width=&quot;55%&quot;|
|-
|colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:3px solid&quot;|[[Restr:2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar (Wordmark).svg|175px]]
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Skipailhoù
war ar renk
|32 (pe 48) 
&lt;small&gt; (xxx er prantad perzhegañ) &lt;/small&gt;
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Lec'h
|{{Qatar}}
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Deiziadoù
|[[21 Du]] - [[18 Kerzu]]
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Kampion
|
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Krogadoù
|64 c'hrogad
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Hollad palioù
|
|-
! bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |Gwellañ paler(ien)
|
|}
'''[[Kib vell-droad ar bed]] 2022''', an eil warn-ugent, a zo bet dalc'het e [[Katar]] eus an [[20 a viz Du]] d'an [[18 a viz Kerzu]] [[2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} Alexis Goudlijian, « [http://www.onzemondial.com/coupe-du-monde-2018/qatar-2022-mondial-decale-automne-infantino-170446 Qatar 2022 : La Coupe du Monde en automne] », ''Onze Mondial'', 13 Gouere 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar wech kentañ e oa da gKatar degemer ar genstrivadeg-se.

== Disoc’h ==
Gant [[Arc'hantina]], a zo bet trec’h war [[Bro-C'hall]] e-kerzh ar gourfenn, eo aet ar maout.


== Notennoù ha daveoù ==
{{Daveoù}}

==Liammoù diavaez==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180618002619/https://fr.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/index.html Lec'hienn ar FIFA evit ar gib]
* [http://fr.fifa.com/ Lec'hienn ofisiel ar FIFA]
{{Kib vell-droad ar bed}}

[[Rummad:2022]]
[[Rummad:Katar]]
[[Rummad:Kib vell-droad ar bed]]</text>
      <sha1>kkmnrr63pgpdjyx7nsol6npusyxwr7x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrom:Infobox dourredenn/Teuliadur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>152244</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194592</id>
      <parentid>2004465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T08:37:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Strebot</username>
        <id>79554</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3408" sha1="ftjgkccis0lslfr9065imcpxv239nl3" xml:space="preserve">{{Renkadur patrom|rak-alpha}}
== Implij==
Ar patrom-mañ a dalvez da sevel infobestoù diwar-benn an dourredennoù.

== Ereadur ==

== Arventennoù ==

== Skouer ==
{{Infobox dourredenn
 | anv                            = Nil
 | skeudenn                       = Egypt Nil.jpg
 | alc'hwez skeudenn              = An Nil en [[Egipt]]
 | hirder                         = 6 650 kilometr
 | diazad                         = 3 400 000
 | kas                            = 2830
 | kas lec'h                      = 
 | niverenn Strahler              = 10&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
 | mammenn bennañ                 = [[Nil gwenn]]
 | mammenn bennañ uhelder         = 
 | mammenn bennañ lec'h           = [[Nyungwe (Rwanda)|Nyungwe]],&lt;br&gt;{{Rwanda}}
 | mammenn bennañ ledred          = -2.2822
 | mammenn bennañ hedred          = 29.3312
 | mammenn eil renk               = [[Nil glas]]
 | mammenn eil renk uhelder       = 1788
 | mammenn eil renk lec'h         = [[Lenn Tana]], {{Etiopia}}
 | mammenn eil renk ledred        = 12.035778
 | mammenn eil renk hedred        = 37.264753
 | mammenn kemberadur             = e-kichen [[Khartoum]]
 | genoù                          = [[Mor Kreizdouar]]
 | en em daol e                   = [[Mor Kreizdouar]]
 | genoù uhelder                  = 0
 | genoù lec'h                    = [[Egipt]]
 | adstêrioù glann gleiz          = 
 | adstêrioù glann dehou          = 
 | broioù treuzet                 = {{Etiopia}},&lt;br&gt;{{Soudan}},&lt;br&gt;{{Egipt}},&lt;br&gt;{{Rwanda}},&lt;br&gt;{{Tanzania}},&lt;br&gt;{{Ouganda}},&lt;br&gt;{{Burundi}},&lt;br&gt;{{Republik Demokratel Kongo}},&lt;br&gt;{{Eritrea}},&lt;br&gt;{{Kenya}}
 | Rannvroioù                        = 
 | kêrioù                         = [[Khartoum]], [[Kaero]]
}}
&lt;pre&gt;{{Infobox dourredenn
 | anv                            = Nil
 | skeudenn                       = Egypt Nil.jpg
 | alc'hwez skeudenn              = An Nil en [[Egipt]]
 | hirder                         = 
 | diazad                         = 
 | kas                            = 2830
 | kas lec'h                      = 
 | niverenn Strahler              = 10&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
 | mammenn bennañ                 = [[Nil gwenn]]
 | mammenn bennañ uhelder         = 
 | mammenn bennañ lec'h           = [[Ruvyironza]], [[Burundi]]
 | mammenn bennañ ledred           = -2.2822
 | mammenn bennañ hedred          = 29.3312
 | mammenn eil renk               = [[Nil glas]]
 | mammenn eil renk uhelder       = 1788
 | mammenn eil renk lec'h         = [[Lenn Tana]], [[Etiopia]]
 | mammenn eil renk ledred        = 12.035778
 | mammenn eil renk hedred        = 37.264753
 | mammenn kemberadur             = e-kichen [[Khartoum]]
 | genoù                          = [[Mor Kreizdouar]]
 | genoù uhelder                  = 0
 | genoù lec'h                    = [[Egipt]]
 | adstêrioù glann gleiz          = 
 | adstêrioù glann dehou          = 
 | broioù                         = {{Etiopia}}, {{Soudan}}, {{Egipt}}, {{Rwanda}}, {{Tanzania}}, {{Ouganda}}, {{Burundi}}, {{Republik Demokratel Kongo}}, {{Eritrea}}, {{Kenya}}
 | Rannvroioù                        = 
 | kêrioù                         = [[Khartoum]], [[Le Caire]]
}}&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- Rummadoù ha liammoù etrewiki ar patrom --&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;!-- Da cheñch pa vez tiredoù war lizherennoù zo en anv ar patrom --&gt;
[[rummad:&lt;!-- KLASKIT UN ISRUMMAD AZAS--&gt;]]

&lt;-- skouer liammoù etrewiki :
--&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ftjgkccis0lslfr9065imcpxv239nl3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù (maouezi)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178459</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194710</id>
      <parentid>2175145</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:18:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2194710</origin>
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      <text bytes="4053" sha1="r113kvi9d3vgd9ske4cjthy935tbw3m" xml:space="preserve">'''Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù  (maouezi)''' a zo ur gevezadeg  evit ar c'hoarierezed [[echedoù]] [[stadunanat]]. C'hoariet e vez abaoe 1937. Aozet e vez bep bloaz gant [[United States Chess Federation]], Kevre stadunanat an echedoù.  
== Kampionadoù ha kampionezed ==
[[Restr:Krush Irina (30073356050) (cropped).jpg|right|140 px|[[Irina Krush]], bet trec'h  eizh gwezh.]]
:{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! # !!  Bloaz !! Kampionez
|-
||1|||1937|| [[Adele Rivero]]
|-
||2|||1938 ||[[Mona May Karff]]
|-
||3|||1940||[[Adele Rivero]]
|-
||4|||1941||[[Mona May Karff]]
|-
||5|||1942|| [[Mona May Karff]]
|-
||6|||1944|| [[Gisela Gresser]]
|-
|7|||1946 ||[[Mona May Karff]]
|-
|8|||1948|| [[Gisela Gresser]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Mona May Karff]]
|-
|9|||1951|| [[Mary Bain]]
|-
|10||1953|| [[Mona May Karff]]
|-
||11||1955|| [[Gisela Gresser]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Nancy Roos]]
|-
|12||1957|| [[Gisela Gresser]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Sonja Graf]]
|-
|13||1959|| [[Lisa Lane]]
|-
|14||1962|| [[Gisela Gresser]]
|-
|15||1964|| [[Sonja Graf]]
|-
|16||1965|| [[Gisela Gresser]]
|-
|17||1966|| [[Gisela Gresser]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Lisa Lane]]
|-
|18||1967|| [[Gisela Gresser]]
|-
|19||1969|| [[Gisela Gresser]]
|-
|20||1972|| [[Eva Aronson]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Marilyn Braun]]
|-
|21||1974|| [[Mona May Karff]]
|-
|22||1975|| [[Diane Savereide]]
|-
|23||1976|| [[Diane Savereide]]
|-
|24||1978|| [[Diane Savereide]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Rachel Crotto]]
|-
|25||1979|| [[Rachel Crotto]]
|-
|26||1981|| [[Diane Savereide]]
|-
|27||1984|| [[Diane Savereide]]
|-
|28||1986|| [[Inna Izrailov]]
|-
|29||1987|| [[Anna Achšarumova]]
|-
|30||1989|| [[Alexey Root]]
|-
|31||1990|| [[Elena Achmylovskaja]]
|-
|32||1991|| [[Esther Epstein]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Irina Levitina]]
|-
|33||1992|| [[Irina Levitina]]
|-
|34||1993 ||[[Elena Achmylovskaja]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Irina Levitina]]
|-
|35||1994|| [[Elena Achmylovskaja]]
|-
|36||1995|| [[Anjelina Belakovskaia]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Sharon Burtman]]
|-
|37||1996|| [[Anjelina Belakovskaia]] &amp;nbsp;
|-
|38||1997|| [[Esther Epstein]]
|-
|39||1998|| [[Irina Krush]] 
|-
|40||1999|| [[Anjelina Belakovskaia]]
|-
|41||2000|| [[Elina Groberman]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Camilla Baginskaite]]
|-
|42||2001/02|| [[Jennifer Shahade]]
|-
|43||2003|| [[Anna Hahn (chess)|Anna Hahn]]
|-
|44||2004|| [[Jennifer Shahade]]
|-
|45||2005|| [[Rusudan Goletiani]]
|-
|46||2006|| [[Hanna Vitaliïvna Zatons'kych|Hanna Zatons'kych]]
|-
|47||2007|| [[Irina Krush]]
|-
|48||2008|| [[Hanna Vitaliïvna Zatons'kych|Hanna Zatons'kych]]
|-
|49||2009|| [[Hanna Vitaliïvna Zatons'kych|Hanna Zatons'kych]]
|-
|50||2010|| [[Irina Krush]]
|-
|51||2011|| [[Hanna Vitaliïvna Zatons'kych|Hanna Zatons'kych]]
|-
|52||2012|| [[Irina Krush]]
|-
|53||2013|| [[Irina Krush]]
|-
|54||2014|| [[Irina Krush]]
|-
|55||2015|| [[Irina Krush]]
|-
|56||2016|| [[Nazi Paikidze]]
|-
|57||2017|| [[Sabina Foisor]]
|-
|58||2018|| [[Nazi Paikidze]]
|-
|59||2019|| [[Jennifer Yu]]
|-
|60||2020|| [[Irina Krush]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://fide.com/news/789 Irina Krush takes 2020 U.S. Women’s Championship – FIDE]&lt;/ref&gt; bet c'hoariet en linenn abalamour d'ar [[Bedreuziad COVID-19|bandemiezh]]. 
|-
|61||2021|| [[Carissa Yip]] &lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://chess24.com/en/read/news/us-chess-champs-10-carissa-triumps-fabi-hits-the-front US Chess Champs 10: Carissa triumps - Fabi hits the front]&lt;/ref&gt;.
|-
|62||2022|| [[Jennifer Yu]]
|-
|63||2023|| [[Carissa Yip]]
|-
|64||2024|| [[Carissa Yip]]
|-
|65||2025|| [[Carissa Yip]]
|}
=== Lieskampionezed ===
* '''9 gwezh''' [[Gisela Gresser]],
* '''8 gwezh ''' [[Irina Krush]],
* '''7 gwezh''' [[Mona May Karff]],
* '''6 gwezh''' [[Diane Savereide]], 
* '''4 gwezh''' [[Hanna Zatons'kych|Anna Zatonskih]], [[Carissa Yip]],
* '''3 gwezh''' [[Elena Donaldson]], Anjelina Belakovskaia, Rachel Crotto, Irina Levitina  
* '''2 wezh''' [[Jennifer Yu]], Adele Rivero, Esther Epstein, Jennifer Shahade, Nazi Paikidze.

== Notennoù ha dave ==
{{daveoù}}
== Liammoù diavaez ==
* {{en}}[http://main.uschess.org/  ''United States Chess Federation'']
* {{en}}[http://www.uschesschamps.com/ ''U.S. CHESS CHAMPS'']

[[Rummad:Kampionadoù echedoù hervez ar vro|Italia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An davarn/sizhunvezh 26, bloaz 2026</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>180513</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194552</id>
      <parentid>2193976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:59:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>tennet liammoù etrewiki mod kozh</comment>
      <origin>2194552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5143" sha1="6r15cfx6s2w0ucmgceiosqgxcea641c" xml:space="preserve">= 22/06/2026 — 28/06/2026 =
:[http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_26,_bloaz_2026&amp;action=edit Skrivañ un dra bennak er c’hwec’hvet sizhun warn-ugent eus 2026] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn|An davarn]] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_25, bloaz_2026|sizhun a-raok]] — [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_27, bloaz_2026|sizhun war-lerc’h]]

== Help ==

Hello, can someone help me to translate [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to your language, Thank you!
[[:en:Gaza genocide]]
[[Implijer:جودت|جودت]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:جودت|kaozeal]]) 23 Mezheven 2026 da 11:23 (UTC)

:Emaon o treiñ ar pennad-se. — [[Implijer:Ar choler|Ar choler]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Ar choler|kaozeal]]) 23 Mezheven 2026 da 14:46 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|kaozeal]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 23 Mezheven 2026 da 17:11 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== Eurvezh ==

Daou eurvezhioù nemetañ eget an eurvezh gwir a zo war Wikipédia e brezhoneg. Lavarout a ra Wikipédia eo lakaet ar gaozeadenn-mañ da 19:43 met 21:43 eo ! Perak ? [[Implijer:PAAR29|PAAR29]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:PAAR29|kaozeal]]) 24 Mezheven 2026 da 19:43 (UTC)

:Salud dit @[[Implijer:PAAR29|PAAR29]]. Er Wikipedia brezhonek e vez graet gant an eur [[UTC]]. Evel-se n’eus ket eus un &quot;eur hañv&quot; nag eus un &quot;eur goañv&quot;. [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 24 Mezheven 2026 da 19:57 (UTC)
::Ah ya. Met perak ez eus daou eurvezhioù nemetañ ha pas unan ?
::PS : Krouet'meus ar bajenn [[John Swinney]] met ar bajenn war Wikidata a zo gwarezet ha ne c’hellan ket ouzhpenn ar bajenn nevez war annezhañ peogwir n’emaon ket autopatrolled. Gallout a rit ouzhpennat ? [[Implijer:PAAR29|PAAR29]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:PAAR29|kaozeal]]) 24 Mezheven 2026 da 20:10 (UTC)
:::Pa grouez ur pennad nevez, ur wech embannet, e c'hallez klikañ war &quot;Ostilhoù&quot; a-zehoù, goude war &quot;Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel&quot;, lakaat kod ar yezh all er c'hombod kentañ (fr evit ar galleg, en evit ar saozneg da skouer), ha skrivañ titl ar pennad er yezh all er c'hombod dindan. Evel se e vo liammet ar pennad gant ar yezhoù all hep tremen dre etrefas Wikidata. [[Implijer:Kestenn|Kestenn]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Kestenn|kaozeal]]) 24 Mezheven 2026 da 21:16 (UTC)
::::Mod-all : eur Pariz zo UTC+2 er mare-mañ. A galon, [[Implijer:Kestenn|Kestenn]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Kestenn|kaozeal]]) 24 Mezheven 2026 da 21:17 (UTC)
:::::Mersi bras ! [[Implijer:PAAR29|PAAR29]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:PAAR29|kaozeal]]) 25 Mezheven 2026 da 06:48 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Mezheven 2026 da 13:29 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=30731267 --&gt;
:Hello @[[Implijer:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]], thanks for letting us know. I translated the link label in TranslateWiki. There is a delay before translations get downloaded to wherever they are used, so if you deploy soon, please use the localised version. [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 25 Mezheven 2026 da 16:19 (UTC)
::@[[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] Thanks. I will report that back to the team. [[Implijer:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Sannita (WMF)|kaozeal]]) 25 Mezheven 2026 da 16:35 (UTC)
::Bennozh dit!
::A galon [[Implijer:Dishual|Dishual]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Dishual|kaozeal]]) 25 Mezheven 2026 da 18:55 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6r15cfx6s2w0ucmgceiosqgxcea641c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaozeadenn Implijer:جودت</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>180535</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194557</id>
      <parentid>2193791</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ar choler</username>
        <id>52661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Gouennlazh e Gaza */ rann nevez</comment>
      <origin>2194557</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="576" sha1="5jqmztepmi2hu5cu5y7jpp4jijnnjrd" xml:space="preserve">== Translation ==

Hello,

You can request a translation in [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An davarn|the Village Pump]]. Please do not leave messages to multiple people who have not requested them on their talk page. [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 23 Mezheven 2026 da 11:20 (UTC)

== [[Gouennlazh e Gaza]] ==

[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|23px]] Translated into Breton, as you requested. Regards, [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|18px]] [[Implijer:Ar choler|Ar choler]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Ar choler|kaozeal]]) 5 Gouere 2026 da 19:31 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5jqmztepmi2hu5cu5y7jpp4jijnnjrd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaozeadenn Implijer:PAAR29</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>180547</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194561</id>
      <parentid>2193882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:37:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Patromoù kumunioù */ rann nevez</comment>
      <origin>2194561</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="759" sha1="pok72d9z0yvm9mmckvwd9l490rhs0g5" xml:space="preserve">{{Degemermat nevez}}

== Patromoù kumunioù ==

Salud dit,

Gwelet am eus e kemmez titouroù e pajennoù a-zivout kumunioù. Marteze e vi dedennet gant ar patromoù-mañ, a ra gant roadennoù tennet eus Wikidata:
* [[:Patrom:Penn gouarnamant|Penn gouarnamant]] : ar maer, evit ur gumun ;
* [[:Patrom:Deroù respet penn gouarnamant|Deroù respet penn gouarnamant]] : deiziad deroù ar resped ;
* [[:Patrom:Taolenn pennoù gouarnamant|Taolenn pennoù gouarnamant]] : un daolenn ar pennoù gouarnamant ;
* [[:Patrom:Grafik poblañs|Grafik poblañs]]: a ziskwel ar boblañs.

Implijet int (war-bouez an daolenn) er pennad [[Brest]], da skouer.

A galon, [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 5 Gouere 2026 da 20:37 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>pok72d9z0yvm9mmckvwd9l490rhs0g5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Carissa Yip</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194509</id>
      <parentid>2194498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T12:21:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Kevezadegoù hiniennel all.</comment>
      <origin>2194509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2815" sha1="02wl13junlkvp7fsllgwghia86s9ec1" xml:space="preserve">[[Restr :CarissaYip2026.jpg|right|190px|Carissa Yip e 2026.]]
'''Carissa Shiwen Yip''' ([[Boston]], [[SUA]], 10 a viz Gwengolo 2003) a zo ur c'hoarierez echedoù [[SUA]]at.&lt;br/&gt; Mestr Etrebroadel (IM) eo abaoe 2020, Mestrez veur (WGM) eo abaoe 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://www.chesskid.com/learn/articles/carissa-yip-wins-us-junior-girls-makes-wgm Carissa Yip Wins U.S. Junior Girls, Becomes Grandmaster! - Chess Kid, d'an 31 a viz Gouhere 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;, Mestrez Etrebroadel (WIM) e oa abaoe 2018, Mestr FIDE (FM) e oa abaoe 2017, Mestrez FIDE (WFM) e oa abaoe 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://ratings.fide.com/profile/2090732 He fichenn FIDE]&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;2 458 edo he [[renk Elo]] ''Standard'' e miz Gouhere 2026, 2 333 he renk ''Fonnapl'', 2 369 he renk ''Luc'hedenn''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://ratings.fide.com/profile/2090732 He fichenn FIDE]&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;2 486 eo bet he renk Elo ''Standard'' uhelañ, bet tizhet e miz Meurzh 2026.&lt;br/&gt;
== Kevezadegoù ==
=== Kevezadegoù hiniennel ===
==== Kampionad Norzh-Amerikan ar Re Yaouank (Merc'hed) ====
Trec'h e voe e miz Even 2019, 8,5/9&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://www.chesskid.com/learn/articles/carissa-yip-wins-us-junior-girls-makes-wgm Carissa Yip Wins U.S. Junior Girls, Becomes Grandmaster! - Chess Kid, d'an 31 a viz Gouhere 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;
==== Kampionad stadunanat ar Re Yaouank (Merc'hed) ====
Trec'h e voe e miz Gouhere 2019, 7,5/9&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://www.chesskid.com/learn/articles/carissa-yip-wins-us-junior-girls-makes-wgm Carissa Yip Wins U.S. Junior Girls, Becomes Grandmaster! - Chess Kid, d'an 31 a viz Gouhere 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;.
==== Kampionad stadunanat (Maouezi) ====
* E 2016 e tapas an navvet plas diwar daouzek c'hoarierez, 4,5/11&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20220128130140/https://uschesschamps.com/tags/2016-us-womens-championship 2016 US Women’s Championship]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* E 2017 e tapas an unnekvet plas, 4/11&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://uschesschamps.com/tags/2017-us-womens-championship 2017 US Women’s Championship]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* E 2019 e tapas an navvet plas, 4,5/11&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://uschesschamps.com/tags/2019-us-womens-championship 2019 US Women’s Championship]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Trec'h e voe e 2021, e 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://new.chess24.com/en/wall/news/carissa-yip-wins-2nd-us-women-s-championship-at-20 Carissa Yip wins 2nd US Women's Championship at 20 – Chess24, d'an 18 a viz Here 2023]&lt;/ref&gt;, e 2024 (8/11) hag e 2025 (8/11)&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.europe-echecs.com/art/u-s-chess-champs-2025-9605.html ''Fabiano Caruana et Carissa Yip conservent leur titre de Champion des États-Unis'', [[Europe-Echecs]], d'ar 25 a viz Here 2025]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Notennoù ha daveennoù ==
{{daveoù}}
== Liammoù diavaez ==
* {{en}}[https://ratings.fide.com/profile/2090732 He fichenn FIDE]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yip, Carissa}}
[[Rummad:Ganedigezhioù 2003]]
[[Rummad:C'hoarierien echedoù eus SUA]]</text>
      <sha1>02wl13junlkvp7fsllgwghia86s9ec1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An davarn/sizhunvezh 28, bloaz 2026</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>180653</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194719</id>
      <parentid>2194503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T11:37:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huñvreüs</username>
        <id>54570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 06/07/2026 — 12/07/2026 */ Pajennoù merañ dizimplij</comment>
      <origin>2194719</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="944" sha1="0wxrekr07gy1allhl8ywarzjw3x0ylh" xml:space="preserve">= 06/07/2026 — 12/07/2026 =
:[http://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_28,_bloaz_2026&amp;action=edit Skrivañ un dra bennak en eizhvet sizhun warn-ugent eus 2026] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn|An davarn]] | [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_27, bloaz_2026|sizhun a-raok]] — [[Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn/sizhunvezh_29, bloaz_2026|sizhun war-lerc’h]]

== Pajennoù merañ dizimplij ==
Kinnig a ran paouez da ober gant [[Wikipedia:Goulenn kemmañ ur bajenn bet prennet]], [[Wikipedia:Goulenn kendeuziñ istor div bajenn]] ha [[Wikipedia:Pajennoù da brennañ]] rak morse n’int bet implijet da vat hag a-wechoù e vezont implijet a-dreuz. Chom a raio [[Wikipedia:Goulenn ouzh ar verourien]] atav evel-just. {{ping|Kestenn}} mat eo dit? Re all a c’hall reiñ o ali evel-just. [[Implijer:Huñvreüs|Huñvreüs]] ([[Kaozeadenn Implijer:Huñvreüs|kaozeal]]) 6 Gouere 2026 da 11:37 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0wxrekr07gy1allhl8ywarzjw3x0ylh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Związek Walki Zbrojnej</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194508</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T12:19:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dishual</username>
        <id>612</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pajenn krouet gant : &quot;{{databox}} '''Unvaniezh ar Stourm Armet''' ([[poloneg]]: ''Związek Walki Zbrojnej'' ha berraet en '''ZWZ'''), a oa ul [[resistance movement|luskad Rezistañs]] e stumm un arme guzh hag a oa bet savet e [[Polonia]] e miz Gwengolo 1939 goude [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|aloubadeg ar vro]] gant [[Trede Reich|Alamagn]] hag an [[Unvaniezh Soviedel]] ar pezh a oa bet mammenn d'an [[Eil Brezel-bed]]. Ar ''ZWZ'' a oa bet oberiant eus an 13 a viz Du 1939 betek ar 14 a viz C'h...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2194508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="716" sha1="43olpiouqppe0xnzba5ge61b4d5gywe" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Unvaniezh ar Stourm Armet''' ([[poloneg]]: ''Związek Walki Zbrojnej'' ha berraet en '''ZWZ'''), a oa ul [[resistance movement|luskad Rezistañs]] e stumm un arme guzh hag a oa bet savet e [[Polonia]] e miz Gwengolo 1939 goude [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|aloubadeg ar vro]] gant [[Trede Reich|Alamagn]] hag an [[Unvaniezh Soviedel]] ar pezh a oa bet mammenn d'an [[Eil Brezel-bed]]. Ar ''ZWZ'' a oa bet oberiant eus an 13 a viz Du 1939 betek ar 14 a viz C'hwevrer 1942, pa oa bet adanvet [[Armia Krajowa|Lu diabarzh]] (''Armia Krajowa'', berraet en ''AK'').
[[Rummad:Arme Diabarzh]]
[[Rummad:Istor Polonia]]
[[Rummad:Strolladoù hag aozadurioù soudardel lamet e 1945]]
[[Rummad:Luskadoù rezistañs]]</text>
      <sha1>43olpiouqppe0xnzba5ge61b4d5gywe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2194510</id>
      <parentid>2194508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T12:21:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dishual</username>
        <id>612</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2194510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="688" sha1="tcw42i5rnz3mzfjtjenwsex7wc535g0" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Unvaniezh ar Stourm Armet''' ([[poloneg]]: ''Związek Walki Zbrojnej'' ha berraet en '''ZWZ'''), a oa ul [[luskad Rezistañs]] e stumm un arme guzh hag a oa bet savet e [[Polonia]] e miz Gwengolo 1939 goude [[Aloubadeg Polonia|aloubadeg ar vro]] gant [[Trede Reich|Alamagn]] hag an [[Unvaniezh Soviedel]] ar pezh a oa bet mammenn d'an [[Eil Brezel-bed]]. Ar ''ZWZ'' a oa bet oberiant eus an 13 a viz Du 1939 betek ar 14 a viz C'hwevrer 1942, pa oa bet adanvet [[Armia Krajowa|Lu diabarzh]] (''Armia Krajowa'', berraet en ''AK'').
[[Rummad:Arme Diabarzh]]
[[Rummad:Istor Polonia]]
[[Rummad:Strolladoù hag aozadurioù soudardel lamet e 1945]]
[[Rummad:Luskadoù rezistañs]]</text>
      <sha1>tcw42i5rnz3mzfjtjenwsex7wc535g0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2194560</id>
      <parentid>2194510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:33:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dishual</username>
        <id>612</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2194560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1262" sha1="ouyx0jwi5brtmewqrhn60gzuifyq8zl" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Unvaniezh ar Stourm Armet''' ([[poloneg]]: ''Związek Walki Zbrojnej'' ha berraet en '''ZWZ'''), a oa ul [[luskad Rezistañs]] e stumm un arme guzh hag a oa bet savet e [[Polonia]] e miz Gwengolo 1939 goude [[Aloubadeg Polonia|aloubadeg ar vro]] gant [[Trede Reich|Alamagn]] hag an [[Unvaniezh Soviedel]] ar pezh a oa bet mammenn d'an [[Eil Brezel-bed]]. Ar ''ZWZ'' a oa bet oberiant eus an 13 a viz Du 1939 betek ar 14 a viz C'hwevrer 1942, pa oa bet adanvet [[Armia Krajowa|Lu diabarzh]] (''Armia Krajowa'', berraet en ''AK'').
== Istor ==
Krouet eo bet ar ''ZWZ'' a-ziwar un aozadur kent, ar ''Służba Zwycięstwu Polski'', pe ''SZP'' ([[Servij Polonia evit an Trec'h]]), hag a oa bet krouet e miz Gwengolo 1939 gant ar jeneral [[Michał Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz]].

E miz Genver 1940 ar ''ZWZ'' a oa bet rannet e div lodenn:
*Evit al lodenn dalc'het gant an Alamanted — renet gant ar c'horonal [[Stefan Rowecki]], ar pennlec'h a oa e [[Varsovia]]; hag
*al lodenn e dalc'h an URSS — renet gant ar jeneral [[Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski|Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski]], ar pennlec'h a oa e [[Lviv]]. 
[[Rummad:Arme Diabarzh]]
[[Rummad:Istor Polonia]]
[[Rummad:Strolladoù hag aozadurioù soudardel lamet e 1945]]
[[Rummad:Luskadoù rezistañs]]</text>
      <sha1>ouyx0jwi5brtmewqrhn60gzuifyq8zl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gouennlazh e Gaza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180656</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194556</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:25:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ar choler</username>
        <id>52661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pajenn krouet gant : &quot;{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; |- | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|  {| width=&quot;100%&quot; |- ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:1.9em; padding-top:10px;&quot;| Gouennlazh e Gaza&amp;emsp;[[Restr:Flag of Palestine.svg|48px]] |- | colspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[File:Images of war 23-25 from Gaza, by Jaber Badwen, IMG 6185.jpg|300px|center]] |- | [[File:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 36.jpg|150px]] || File:Palestinian Red Crescent Personnel inspect a destroyed ambulance in De...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2194556</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="302665" sha1="qmgjcdl16filqqcsams3rof59t6p08g" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| 
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:1.9em; padding-top:10px;&quot;| Gouennlazh e Gaza&amp;emsp;[[Restr:Flag of Palestine.svg|48px]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[File:Images of war 23-25 from Gaza, by Jaber Badwen, IMG 6185.jpg|300px|center]]
|-
| [[File:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 36.jpg|150px]] || [[File:Palestinian Red Crescent Personnel inspect a destroyed ambulance in Deir el-Balah , Gaza Strip.jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[File:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 18.jpg|150px]] || [[File:Displaced Palestinians in Deir el-Balah line up to receive food provided by charitable organizations (cropped).jpg|150px]]
|}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;|
----
|-
| '''Lec'hiadur''' || [[Bandenn Gaza|Strizhenn Gaza]] aloubet gant [[Israel]]&lt;br&gt;{{Palestina}}
|-
| '''Deiziad''' || 07/10/2023 – bremañ
|-
| '''Pal''' || Distrujañ pobl Stad Palestina
|-
| '''Doareoù''' || Gouennlazh, torfedoù-brezel, torfedoù enep mab-den, lazhadegoù, riñs kenelel, deportadegoù dre ret, bombezadegoù, kaeladur, poblazh, muntroù buket, naonegezh, jahinerezh, gwallerezh ha feulster revel, argadennoù war an danframmoù yec'hedel, harz ouzh ar genel bugale, ekolazh, kêrlazh
|-
| '''Marvioù''' || • {{formatnum:72900}} den lazhet war-eeun (enrollet, 06/2026)&lt;br&gt;• 463 diwar naonegezh (kadarnaet, 11/2025)&lt;br&gt;• ~{{formatnum:10000}}+ diwar naonegezh&lt;br&gt;• ~{{formatnum:10000}} beziet dindan dismantroù
|-
| '''Gloazidi''' || {{formatnum:173200}} d'an nebeutañ
|-
| '''Tordefourez''' || {{Israel}}
|-
| '''Arguzoù''' || {{Suafrika}} enep Israel&lt;br&gt;{{Nicaragua}} enep {{Alamagn}}
|}
'''Gouennlazh e Gaza''' a reer eus distruj pobl [[Palestina]], a-ratozh hag en un doare reizhiadel, a vez sevenet gant [[Israel]] e [[Bandenn Gaza|Strizhenn Gaza]] a-hed Brezel Gaza abaoe ar {{Deiziad|7|Here|2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/israels-genocide-against-palestinians-not-over-despite-ceasefire-new-amnesty |title=Israel's genocide against Palestinians 'not over' despite ceasefire - new Amnesty briefing • Amnesty International, 27/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;br&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/nov/28/the-genocide-in-gaza-is-far-from-over |title=The genocide in Gaza is far from over • The Guardian, 28/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;br&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/un-expert-warns-torture-has-become-state-doctrine-israel-making-prisons |title=UN expert warns torture has become 'state doctrine' in Israel, making prisons instruments of genocide and torture • United Nations, 23/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;br&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://easternherald.com/2026/04/08/gaza-genocide-children-hunger-global-silence/ |title=Injured Children, Starvation Fears and Global Fallout Intensify Scrutiny •   The Eastern Herald, 08/04/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;br&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.msf.org/not-ceasefire-life-gaza-continues-be-suffocated-six-months |title=This is not a ceasefire: Life in Gaza continues to be suffocated six months on • Médecins Sans Frontières, 10/04/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;br&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/05/israel-opt-israels-systematic-destruction-of-high-rise-buildings-must-be-investigated-as-war-crimes-of-wanton-destruction-and-collective-punishment/ |title=Israel/OPT: Israel's systematic destruction of high-rise buildings must be investigated as war crimes of wanton destruction and collective punishment • Amnesty International, 12/05/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

En obererezh-se gant [[gouarnamant]] Israel ha [[Tsahal]] ez eus lazhadegoù, naonegezh vennet, droug grevus koulz korfel ha speredel, harz ouzh ar genel bugale, kaeladur, argadennoù enep takadoù nann-soudardel gwarezet ha distruj savadurioù nann-soudardel ivez, lazhañ izili eus ar c'hoskor yec'hedel, distrujañ ospitalioù ha skolioù, lazhañ tud a c'houlenn skoazell, distrujañ savadurioù relijiel ha glad sevenadurel, kement-se holl o tegas divroadegoù ret, torfedoù revel
&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCommissionGenocide&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/israel-has-committed-genocide-gaza-strip-un-commission-finds |title=Israel has committed genocide in the Gaza Strip, UN Commission finds • United Nations, 16/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Anzavet eo bet ar gouennlazh gant ur c'hengor arbennik en [[Aozadur ar Broadoù Unanet]] (ABU)&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCommitteeHeadGenocide&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2024/11/genocide-unfolding-our-eyes-history-will-not-forgive-our-inactionlast=Pieris |title=A genocide is unfolding before our eyes: History will not forgive our inaction, UN Special Committee warns General Assembly in report • United Nations, 19/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, gant an ''United Nations Human Rights Council'' (UNHRC)&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCommissionGenocide&quot; /&gt;, gant an ''International Association of Genocide Scholars'' (IAGS)&lt;ref name=&quot;IAGSReuters&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-is-committing-genocide-gaza-scholars-association-says-2025-09-01/ |title=Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, scholars' association says • ''Reuters, 01/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IAGSResolution&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IAGS-Resolution-on-Gaza-FINAL.pdf |title=IAGS Resolution on the Situation in Gaza • IAGS, 31/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, gant meur a aozadur a bled gant [[gwirioù mab-den]] (''Amnesty International'', ''Médecins Sans Frontières'', ''B'Tselem''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.btselem.org/ |title=B'Tselem|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''Physicians for Human Rights – Israel''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728161018/https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/28/middleeast/israeli-human-rights-group-accuses-israel-genocide-gaza-intl |title=For first time, two leading Israeli human rights groups accuse Israel of genocide in Gaza • CNN, 28/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ar ''Fédération Internationale pour les Droits Humains''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216191823/https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/the-unfolding-genocide-against-the-palestinians-must-stop-immediately |title=FIDH, 12/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, hag all, gant [[Stad]]où ha gant [[alvokaded]] ar [[gwir (lezenn)|gwir]] etrebroadel&lt;ref name=&quot;growing_agreement&quot;&gt;Sultany 2024, p. 4 ; Swart 2025, p. 3 ; Lederman 2025, p. 1 ; Shaw 2025b, p. 3 ; Gessen 2024 ; Bouranova 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Kerzu [[2025]] e konted d'an nebeutañ {{formatnum:70117}} den lazhet e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-3-december-2025 |title=Reported impact snapshot – Gaza Strip (3/12/2025) • UN-OCHA|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;theguardian-70000&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/30/israel-military-gaza-death-toll-broadly-accurate |title=Israel accepts health authorities' Gaza death toll is broadly accurate, saying 70,000 have died • The Guardian, 30/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; trevourien e oa an darn vuiañ anezho&lt;ref&gt;Schwarz, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TGH&quot;&gt;Tantesh &amp; Graham-Harrison, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;, ha war-dro 50% a oa maouezi ha bugale&lt;ref name=&quot;Spagat 2024a&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://aoav.org.uk/2024/gaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza/ |title=Gaza Ministry of Health releases detailed new casualty data amidst confusion of UN's death numbers in Gaza • Action On Armed Violence, 28/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Graham-Harrison, 2024a&lt;/ref&gt;. E-touez ar re uhelañ er brezelioù nevez eo an niver anavezet a [[kazetennerezh|gazetennerien]], a labourerien dengar pe yec'hedel, hag a vugale a zo bet lazhet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 16 ; Buschek &amp; al., 2024 ; Save the Children, 10/10/2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gaza-least-3100-children-aged-under-five-killed-others-risk-famine-looms |title=Gaza: At Least 3,100 Children Aged Under Five Killed With Others at Risk as Famine Looms • Save the Children, 10/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Salzenstein, 2024 ; Fayyad, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. War a hañval ez eus miliadoù a gorfoù-marv dindan atredoù ar savadurioù a zo bet diskaret&lt;ref name=&quot;TGH&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Massoud &amp; Fick, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ur pennad embannet er gazetenn [[mezegiezh|vezegel]] ''The Lancet'' e vije bet kontet e miz Even [[2024]] nebeutoc'h a dud marvet eget ma 'z eus bet e gwirionez, ha muioc'h c'hoazh a varvioù ameeun a vije bet&lt;ref&gt;Jamaluddine &amp; al., 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. Uheloc'h eget {{formatnum:171000}} a dud zo bet gloazet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-10-june-2026 |title=Reported impact snapshot, Gaza Strip (10 June 2026 • UN-OCHA|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Burke 2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/27/children-make-up-third-of-outpatients-in-msf-hospitals-in-gaza-statistics-show |title=A third of outpatients treated for wounds at MSF's Gaza hospitals in 2024 were children, figures show • The Guardian, 27/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/20265}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gómez-Ugarte &amp; al., 2025, p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt;. E Gaza emañ ar brasañ niver a vugale ambidek er bed&lt;ref name=&quot;Amputee stats&quot;&gt;Moor, 2025 ; Harghandiwal, 2025, pp. 1–20 ; Abodahab &amp; Elsergany, 2025, pp. 1705–1710 ; Muthumani, 2024, p. e000719 ; Sherwani &amp; al., 2025, pp. 1840–1845 ; Shatali &amp; al., 2025, pp. 219–225 ; Aftab &amp; al., 2025, pp. 226–227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/convention-personswithdisabilities-15aug25/ |title=Percentage of Persons with Disabilities in Gaza Has Increased because of Excessive Use of Force by Israel, State of Palestine Tells Committee on Rights of Persons with Disabilities • United Nations, 15/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.btselem.org/20250709_israel_denying_thousands_of_amputees_in_gaza_including_children_proper_care |title=Israel denying treatment to thousands of Gazans who lost limbs in Israeli attacks, almost 1,000 of them children • B'Tselem, 09/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, tremen {{formatnum:21000}} bugel zo bet mac'hagnet en abeg d'ar brezel e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian_3_September_2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/sep/03/gaza-graveyard-international-humanitarian-law-unrwa-israel-middle-east-crisis-latest-updates-news |title=Middle East crisis: at least 21,000 children disabled in Gaza during war, says UN committee – as it happened • The Guardian, 03/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Gouere 2025, {{formatnum:18457}} bugel a voe kontet e-mesk an dud varv gant pennadurezhioù yec'hedel Gaza, hep kontañ ar marvioù ameeun hag ar re a vije beziet dindan atredoù&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2025/oct/08/young-lives-cut-short-on-an-unimaginable-scale-the-18457-children-on-gazas-list-of-war-dead |title=Young lives cut short on an unimaginable scale: the 18,457 children on Gaza's list of war dead • The Guardian, 08/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ur c'haeladur gant Israel ouzh Gaza abaoe 2023 a bouezas kreñv evit degas naonegezh en tiriad. E miz Eost 2025 e oa war-dro {{formatnum:641000}} a dud eno o c'houzañv kernezh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} IPC Report August, 2025, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/famine-determined-parts-gaza-500000-experiencing-catastrophic-hunger/story?id=124843218 |title=Famine determined in parts of Gaza, 500,000 experiencing 'catastrophic' hunger: Report • ABC News, 23/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E deroù ar brezel, Israel a droc'has an dour hag an tredan e Gaza ; diwezhatoc'h e lakaas ul lodenn eus an dour da redek en-dro&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/2023/10/15/israel-resumes-water-supply-to-southern-gaza-after-us-pressure |title=Israel resumes water supply to southern Gaza after U.S. pressure • Axios, 15/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Mae 2024 e konted e oa bet distrujet pe wastet 84% eus ar savadurioù yec'hedel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Neuman &amp; al., 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Gant Israel ivez e voe distrujet meur a lec'hienn eus glad sevenadurel ar vro, en o mesk an holl skolioù-meur ha 80% eus ar skolioù&lt;ref name=&quot;scholasticide&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/un-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza |title=UN experts deeply concerned over 'scholasticide' in Gaza • UN-OHCHRaccessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Stack &amp; Shbair, 2024 ; Kansara &amp; Nour, 2024 ; Saber, 2024 ; Moutafa, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15/ |title=In Gaza, Palestinians hold Ramadan prayers by ruins of mosque • Reuters, 15/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tremen 1,9 milion a Balestiniz, eleze 85% eus ar boblañs, a voe divroet dre ret&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/13/un-refugee-chief-says-gaza-war-leading-to-catastrophic-displacement |title=UN: Gaza 'catastrophe' threatens to raise record global displacement • Al Jazeera, 13/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An endro ivez zo bet gwallgaset gant bombezadegoù Israel en tiriad a-bezh&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed et al.&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/29/gaza-israel-palestinian-war-ecocide-environmental-destruction-pollution-rome-statute-war-crimes-aoe |title='Ecocide in Gaza': does scale of environmental destruction amount to a war crime? • The Guardian, 29/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Kerzu 2023, gouarnamant [[Suafrika]] a voulc'has ur prosez a-enep Israel el Lez-varn Etrebroadel (ICJ) e [[Den Haag]] en abeg da dorridigezh ar C'hendivizad a-zivout Dizarbenn ha Kastizañ an Torfed a C'houennlazh (CPPCG), ur c'henemglev etrebroadel a voe sinet e [[1948]] e [[Pariz|Paris]] dindan gwarez ABU&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/203394 |title=Application instituting proceedings and request for the indication of provisional measures • ICJ|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Genver 2024, al Lez-varn a c'hourc'hemennas da Israel kemer kement disentez a zo rekis evit dizarbenn kement gouennlazh, dizarbenn ha kastizañ kement atizerezh d'ar gouennlazh, hag aotren an aozadurioù dengar da vont tre e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{fr}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20240126-ord-01-00-en.pdf |title=Application de la convention pour la prévention et la répression du crime de gñocide dans la bande de Gaza (Afrique du Sud c. Israël), mesures conservatoires, ordonnance du 26 janvier 2024, C.I.J. Recueil 2024, p. 3 • ABU, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Diwezhatoc'h, al Lez-varn a c'hourc'hemennas ma vefe kresket ar skoazell zengar e Gaza ha ma vefe paouezet da arsailhañ kêr Rafah, e su ar strizhenn&lt;ref&gt;Casciani, 2024b ; Marsi &amp; al., 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Israel ne sentas ket penn-da-benn da urzhioù al Lez-varn&lt;ref name=&quot;Amnesty International Blockade&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/israel-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza/ |title=Israel defying ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by failing to allow adequate humanitarian aid to reach Gaza • Amnesty International, 26/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Human Rights Watch Blockade&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/02/26/israel-not-complying-world-court-order-genocide-case |title=Israel Not Complying with World Court Order in Genocide Case • Human Rights Watch, 26/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/israeli-non-compliance-with-icj-provisional-orders/ |title=Israeli Non-Compliance with ICJ Provisional Orders • Arab Center, Washington DC, 20/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Palestiniz o deus pouezet war al liamm a zo etre gouennlazh Gaza ha feulster politikel ar [[sionouriezh]], ouzh e lakaat da gendalc'h an ''nakba'' ([[arabeg]] : '''النَّكْبَة''', &quot;ar gwallreuz&quot;), da lavaret eo divroadeg Palestiniz a-c'houde an aloubadeg gant Israel e 1948. Hervez Stad Israel hag hec'h aduidi avat, n'eo ar brezel e Gaza na kendalc'h an ''nakba'' nag ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Casciani, 2024a.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-counter-genocide-accusations-world-court-2024-01-12/ |title=Israel rejects genocide charges, tells World Court it must defend itself • Reuters, 12/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ur respont da [[Tagadennoù ar 7 a viz Here 2023|dagadennoù ar 7 a viz Here 2023]] eo, ar pal dezhañ distrujañ [[Hamas]] ha lakaat gouestlidi israelat en o frankiz en-dro&lt;ref name=&quot;UN Commission of Inquiry report 2025 64&quot;&gt;UN Commission of Inquiry report, 2025, p.64.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Casciani, 2024a.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI3-11-23&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-soldiers-fend-off-nighttime-hamas-ambush-as-battalion-commander-killed-in-gaza/ |title=IDF soldiers fend off nighttime Hamas ambush, as battalion commander killed in Gaza • The Times of Israel, 03/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Brasoc'h-brasañ avat eo ar c'henglev etre arbennigourien war ar gwir etrebroadel evit lakaat brezel Israel d'ur gouennlazh&lt;ref name=&quot;growing_agreement&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sultany 2024, p. 4 ; Swart 2025, p. 3 ; Lederman 2025, p. 1 ; Shaw 2025b, p. 3 ; Gessen 2024 ; Bouranova 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;, daoust ma sav lod gouezieien ha lod Stadoù a-enep&lt;ref&gt;Moses, 2025, pp.1 ha 10–13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ayad 2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/07/27/is-there-a-genocide-in-gaza-why-legal-experts-are-split_6743780_23.html |title=Is there a genocide in Gaza? Why legal experts are split • Le Monde, 27/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ_2026_6&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20260313-pre-01-00-en.pdf |title=Declarations of intervention in the proceedings filed by Namibia, the United States of America, Hungary and Fiji • ICJ, 13/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Diagentoù ==
[[File:OCHA OpT September 2023 map of the Gaza Strip.pdf|thumb|Kartenn Gaza (ABU, 09/2023), enni an harzoù gant Israel hag al lec'hioù-gwiriañ (''checkpoints'') etre Israel hag [[Egipt]], koulz hag an takad morel a zo berzet gant Israel, kement-se holl oc'h ober ar c'haeladur.]]
E-kerzh ar [[Brezel C'hwec'h Devezh]] e [[1967]] e voe aloubet strizhenn Gaza. E [[2005]], Tsahal em dennas a-c'houde emglevioù [[Oslo]] etre Stad Israel ha [[Aozadur evit Dieubidigezh Palestina]], bet sinet e [[Washington, D.C.]] e [[1993]], ha da heul an eil emsavadeg (arabeg : '''الانتفاضة الثانية''' ''al-Intifāḍa aṯ-Ṯāniya'') palestinat enep an aloubadeg ([[2000]]-2005)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} Stern-Weiner, Jamie. ''Deluge: Gaza and Israel from Crisis to Cataclysm''. New York : OR Books, 2024 {{ISBN|978-1-68219-619-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Goude-se, al Lez-varn Etrebroadel a embannas edo c'hoazh Stad Israel e Strizhenn Gaza en desped da Dsahal bout aet kuit, p'he devoa staliet ur c'haeladur eno&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjerjzxlpvdo |title=UN top court says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal • BBC News, 19/07/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
	
Abaoe [[2007]] e vez Hamas o ren Strizhenn Gaza, tra ma 'z eo chomet [[Sisjordania|ar C'hlann Gornaouek]] dindan beli [[Aotrouniezh Vroadel Palestina]]. Pa zeuas Hamas er galloud, Israel a greñvaas ar c'haeladur war zigarez he surentez&lt;ref&gt;Perry &amp; McDowall, 2023 ; Kane &amp; al., 2023 ; Salam, 2023a.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meakem&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/10/10/israel-palestine-conflict-gaza-hamas-war-geography-history/ |title=The Geopolitics of Palestine, Explained • Foreign Policy, 10/10/2023  |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; lod aozadurioù hag a bled gant ar gwir etrebroadel o deus lakaet ar c'haeladur d'ur &quot;c'hastiz hollek&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Nebehay, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol10/5670/2023/en/ |title=Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights • London : Amnesty International, 2023, pp. 206-211|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2009/01/13/deprived-and-endangered-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip |title=Deprived and Endangered: Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip • Human Rights Watch, 13/01/2009|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-38955499 |title=Hamas hardliner Yahya Sinwar elected as Gaza leader • BBC News, 13/02/2017|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105010623/https://jacobin.com/2024/01/IRON-WALL-GAZA-ISRAEL-DEFENSE-FORCES-REALPOLITIK-PALESTINE-HISTORY?MC_CID=3B53D49205&amp;MC_EID=B7EDF81030 |title=There was an Iron Wall in Gaza • Jacobin, 04/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024053734/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/gaza-blockade-israel.html |title=Gaza Has Suffered Under 16-Year Blockade • The New York Times, 07/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ofis ABU ar Skoazell hag al Labourioù evit ar Repuidi Balestinat er Reter-Nesañ (''United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East'', UNRWA) a zisklêrias e 2023 e oa 81% eus Palestiniz o vevañ izeloc'h eget treuzoù ar baourentez en abeg d'ar c'haeladur, ha 63% n'o deveze boued nemet dre ar skoazell etrebroadel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/palestinian-civilians-suffer-israel-hamas-crossfire-death-toll/story?id=103828889 |title=Palestinian civilians suffer in Israel–Gaza crossfire as death toll rises • ABC News, 11/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022 |title=The Gaza Strip: The humanitarian impact of 15 years of blockade • UNICEF |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Abaoe 2007 e vez brete etre Israel ha Hamas (ha bezinoù palestinat all e Gaza)&lt;ref name=&quot;Meakem&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kane &amp; al., 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907323/israel-war-hamas-attack-explained-southern-israel-gaza |title=Why did Hamas invade Israel? • Vox, 07/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; pevar brezel zo bet : e [[2008]]-2009, e [[2012]], e [[2014]] hag e [[2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-20/six-charts-that-show-the-scale-of-human-loss-in-israel-gaza-war/103074196 |title=These six charts show the scale of human loss in the Israel–Gaza war • ABC News (Australia), 20/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/12/israel-hamas-war-data-shows-human-cost-of-conflict-through-the-years.html |title=Charts show a stark difference in the human cost of Israeli-Palestinian conflicts over the years • CNBC, 12/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 7 a viz Here 2023, Hamas a gasas tud eus Gaza da argadiñ Israeliz&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, 2024, p.1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2387276/middle-east |title=Hamas leader Haniyeh: Battle 'will spread to West Bank, Jerusalem' • Arab News, 08/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gaza-israel-rockets-attack-hamas-1.6990209 |title=Hundreds dead as war erupts after surprise Hamas attack catches Israel off guard • CBC News, 07/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; da vihanañ {{formatnum:1139}} a dud a voe lazhet&lt;ref&gt;Semerdjian; 2024a, p. 1 ; Marsi &amp; Siddiqui, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;, trevourien ar braz anezho, p'edont o kemer perzh en ur festival&lt;ref name=&quot;F24231215&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths |title=Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths • France 24, 15/12/2023accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Feuls-meurbet e voe an argadeg, ha torfedoù revel a voe sevenet&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;. Strolladoù palestinat a skrapas 251 den eus Israel ha o c'hasas da Strizhenn Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Sherwood, 2023 ; Vinograd &amp; Kershner, 2023 ; Kellman, 2023 ; Jones &amp; Fidler, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/10/kidnappings-israel-hamas-photographs/675593 |title=Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas • The Atlantic, 09/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Israel a respontas dre ur vombezadeg drastus-spontus&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/israel-gaza-bombing-hamas-civilian-casualties-1.7068647 |title=Israel's Gaza bombing campaign is the most destructive of this century, analysts say • CBC News, 30/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; kent aloubiñ Strizhenn Gaza d'ar 27 a viz Here&lt;ref&gt;Segal &amp; Daniele, 2024, p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pennadurezhioù Hamas a zisklêrias e oa an argadeg ur respont da aloubadeg ar C'hlann Gornaouek, da zisakradur [[moskeenn]] Al-Aqsa e [[Jeruzalem]], da gaeladur Strizhenn Gaza, da feulster Israel a-enep Palestiniz ha da vac'hadur kantadoù a Balestiniz gant Israel, a vije lakaet en o frankiz en eskemm ouzh an 251 gouestlad&lt;ref&gt;McKernan &amp; al., 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/world-is-watching-fears-grow-of-a-massive-gaza-invasion-by-israel |title=Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance' • Al Jazeeran, 07/10/2023|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-deputy-chief-anticipates-hostages-will-be-swapped-for-palestinian-prisoners/ |title=Hamas deputy chief anticipates hostages will be swapped for Palestinian prisoners • The Times of Israel, 7/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Un niver bras a zisplegerien o deus lakaet an aloubadeg gant Israel da bennabeg ar brezel&lt;ref&gt;Matar, 2023 ; Schenker, 2023 ; Barghouti, 2023 ; Federman &amp; Adwan, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a aozadur dengar, en o zouez ''Amnesty International''&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International, 2022, pp. 266–267.&lt;/ref&gt;, ''B'Tselem''&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ha ''Human Rights Watch''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/israel-committing-crime-apartheid-human-rights-watch |title=Israel is committing the crime of apartheid, rights group says • The Guardian, 27/04/2021accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; o deus lakaet an aloubadeg gant Israel a-live gant an ''[[apartheid]]'', ar pezh a zo nac'het gant skorerien Stad Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} {{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/israel-l-assemblee-nationale-rejette-une-resolution-communiste-denoncant-un-regime-d-apartheid-20230504 |title=Israël: l'Assemblée nationale rejette une résolution communiste dñonçant un &quot;régime d'apartheid&quot; • ''Le Figaro'', 04/05/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-vote-resolution-israel-racist-apartheid-state/story?id=101410569 |title=House passes resolution saying Israel isn't a 'racist or apartheid state' • ABC News,19/07/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Al Lez-varn Etrebroadel a embannas e miz Gouere 2024 e oa an aloubadeg e-maez lezenn, pa dorre ar C'hendivizad etrebroadel a-zivout raskañ an holl zoareoù da zisparzhañ dre [[gouennelouriezh|c'houennelouriezh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/19/israels-settlement-policies-break-international-law-court-finds |title=UN court orders Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian territories • The Guardian,19/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Gouarnamant Israel a zisklêrias e oa obererezhioù milourel Tsahal ur respont da argadeg ar 7 a viz Here, hag e oa mennet da zistrujañ Hamas, diskar e c'halloud war Strizhenn Gaza ha lakaat an holl c'houestlidi israelat en o frankiz. Nac'het en deus e vefe ur gouennlazh eus e obererezhioù milourel&lt;ref name=&quot;UN Commission of Inquiry report 2025 64&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Casciani, 2024a.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-soldiers-fend-off-nighttime-hamas-ambush-as-battalion-commander-killed-in-gaza/ |title=IDF soldiers fend off nighttime Hamas ambush, as battalion commander killed in Gaza • The Times of Israel, 02/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Gouennlazh ha breutadeg lezennel ==
[[File:The Genocide Word by Raphael Lemkin.ogv|thumb|{{en}} ''The origin of the word genocide'', gant Raphael Lemkin, CBS News, 1949.]]
E Kendivizad ABU a-zivout Dizarbenn ha Kastizañ an Torfed a C'houennlazh, bet sinet e 1948, e lenner termenadur ar ger &quot;gouennlazh&quot; : &quot;''forzh pe hini a-douez an oberoù amañ da-heul sevenet gant ar mennozh da zistrujañ, a-zarn pe a-bezh, ur strollad broadel, kenelel, gouennel pe relijiel : lazhañ izili eus ar strollad, gwallgwas en doare grevus korf pe spered izili eus ar strollad, degas a-ratozh-kaer d'ar strollad aozioù bevañ jedet evit e zistruj ent-fizikel, mirout ouzh izili ar strollad a c'henel bugale, rediañ bugale ur strollad da vont d'ur strollad all''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;United Nations, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Genocide Prevention&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201103920/https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml |title=United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect • United Nations|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biskoazh n'he deus ar Lez-varn Etrebroadel tamallet gouennlazh da Stad pe Stad&lt;ref name=&quot;RSIL2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://rsilpak.org/2024/is-the-icjs-standard-of-proof-for-genocide-unattainable/ |title=Is the ICJ's standard of proof for genocide unattainable? • Research Society of International Law, 16/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/11/icj-case-against-israel-could-finally-empower-the-genocide-convention |title=ICJ case against Israel could finally empower the genocide convention • The Guardian, 11/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; rak n'eus treuzoù lezennel ebet a gasje da vennad ur gouennlazh ha d'ur prosez.

Lod helenneien o deus savet termenadurioù ledanoc'h war dachenn ar gevredadouriezh ha hini ar sevenadur, a zo disheñvel diouzh termenadur lezennel Kendivizad ABU hep sevel a-enep dezhañ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/global-challenges-defining-genocide-responses-renewed-debates |title=The Global Challenges of Defining Genocide: Responses to Renewed Debates • UN Chronicle, 10/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Novic, 2016, p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ledanoc'h ivez eget an termenadur lezennel eo ar ster a vez roet d'ar ger &quot;gouennlazh&quot; gant an dud dre vras&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/articles/any-other-name-thoughts-us-genocide-determinations |title=By Any Other Name: Thoughts on U.S. Genocide Determinations • Council on Foreign Relations, 17/04/2019|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mouezhioù zo savet evit ledanaat pe resisaat an termenadur lezennel, ha mouezhioù all evit lezel Kendivizad ABU evel m'emañ peogwir ez eo un heuliad d'ar [[Shoah]]&lt;ref&gt;Grigor, 2025, p. 97.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} Stahn, Carsten. ''A Critical Introduction to International Criminal Law''. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2019, pp. 50–51 {{ISBN|978-1-108-43639-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ledanoc'h eget hini ar C'hendivizad e oa an termenadur orin, a oa bet goveliet gant an alvokad [[Yuzevien|yuzev]] [[Polonia|polonat]] Raphael Lemkin ([[1900]]-[[1959]]), pa venege distruj ur gevredigezh hag he sevenadur. A-zargemm eo savboent aduidi ABU, pa ne sellont nemet ouzh treuzvuhez fizikel ar strollad&lt;ref&gt;Semerdjian, 2024b, p.14 ; McDoom, 2024, p. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;. N'eus ket bet termenet un niver izek resis ha rekis a c'houzañvidi (met ret eo e vefe niverus a-walc'h an dud war var o buhez evit ma vefe lakaet ar strollad a-bezh en arvar mar bijent distrujet&lt;ref&gt;UNHR, 2024, pp. 24–25&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://iimm.un.org/legal-concepts/ |title=Legal concepts and questions • UN Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://cld.irmct.org/notions/show/508/large-number-of-victims# |title=Large number of victims • ICTR/ICTY/IRMCT Case Law Database|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;) pe a dud en arvar&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/israel-s-twelve-tactics-of-denial |title=Israel's Twelve Tactics of Denial • Genocide Watch, 06/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; evit anzav an torfed a c'houennlazh, ha distrujañ ar strollad n'eo ket dre ret ur gouennlazh ivez&lt;ref&gt;Ohlin, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ratozh gouennlazhañ hag atizerezh ==
[[File:Palestinians under the rubble after Israeli airstrike of homes in the Gaza Strip.jpg|thumb|Palestiniz dindan atredoù goude ur vombezadeg gant Israel.]]
{{Boest bomm|&quot;״הוריתי להטיל מצור מוחלט על רצועת עזה. לא יהיה חשמל, לא יהיה מזון, לא יהיה דלק הכל סגור. אנחנו נלחמים בחיות אדם ואנחנו נוהגים בהתאם״&quot;»&lt;br&gt;&quot;Urzhiet em eus ur c'haeladur peurglok ouzh Strizhenn Gaza. Ne vo tredan ebet, boued ebet, trelosk ebet, serr eo pep tra. Emaomp o stourm ouzh loened denel, ha diouzh kement-se e reomp.&quot;
| author = – Yoav Gallant, Maodiern an Difenn Israel, d'an 9 a viz Here 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.icj.org/resource/gaza-occupied-palestinian-territory-states-have-a-duty-to-prevent-genocide/ |title=Gaza/Palestine: States have a Duty to Prevent Genocide •   International Commission of Jurists, 2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align = right
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Arbennigourien a lavar start e tiskouez disklêriadennoù pennoù milourel ha politikel Israel&lt;ref&gt;Segal &amp; Daniele, 2024, pp.1–2 ; Lederman, 2024, pp. 1–2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Asem2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-gaza-why-experts-say-genocide-international-law |title=Israel's war on Gaza: Why do legal experts say it's genocide? •  Middle East Eye, 14/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; – a-gevret gant disklêriadennoù raskour ar [[media]] hag emzalc'h Israel e Gaza – ratozh ha atizerezh ur gouennlazh a-enep pobl Palestina e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Asem2025&quot; /&gt;. Pennadurezhioù Stad Israel ha kazetennerien&lt;ref&gt;Segal &amp; Daniele, 2024, pp. 1–2 ; Kulkarni, 2023 ; B'Tselem, 2025, p. 67.&lt;/ref&gt; o deus, dre gomz, lakaet Palestiniz da &quot;[[loen]]ed en Israel&quot; en ur atizañ ha reizhwiriañ pe veuliñ an euzhusterioù a zo bet graet dezho evel izili ur bobl&lt;ref&gt;Kulkarni, 2023 ; Gessen, 2024 ; Amnesty International report, 2024, pp. 26–35 ; UN Commission of Inquiry report, 2025, p. 54.&lt;/ref&gt;. Lakaet da anat eo ar ratozh gouennlazhañ gant skeul ha reizhiatadur an obererezhioù a vez kaset da benn, dreist kement pal milourel reizhwir a vefe&lt;ref&gt;Al-Waheidi, 2025 ; Gurmendi &amp; Dunkelberg, 2025, p. 21 ; Jamshidi, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Asem2025&quot; /&gt; – hep disoñjal bukañ war vugale a-vras&lt;ref name=&quot;UN Commission of Inquiry report 2025 64&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Asem2025&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IAGSResolution&quot; /&gt;, feulster revel a-vras ivez&lt;ref&gt;UN Commission of Inquiry report, 2025, p. 25&lt;/ref&gt;, distrujañ glad sevenadurel&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 32&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;whywecall&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/2024/01/widescale-destruction-of-cultural-heritage-in-gaza/ |title=Widescale destruction of cultural heritage in Gaza • Museums Association, 30/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ha degas dre ret aozioù bevañ drastus an drastusañ&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 213&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Quigley, 2024a.&lt;/ref&gt; – a-gevret gant padelezh an oberezhioù-se en desped d'an atebeien bout emskiant ervat eus efedoù gwallreuzius ar pezh a reont&lt;ref&gt;UN Commission of Inquiry report, 2025, p. 62.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lederman, 2025, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Koulz ABU hag ''Amnesty International'' o deus kavet ur &quot;reizhiad emzalc'h&quot; e pennadurezhioù Israel, ar pezh o c'hasas da zisklêriañ ez eo mennad ar gouennlazh &quot;an disoc'h nemetañ&quot; a c'heller dezastum diouzh ar pezh a zo anat&lt;ref name=&quot;UN Commission of Inquiry report 2025 64&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 35.&lt;/ref&gt;. Aozadurioù all o deus lakaet obererezhioù Stad Israel d'ur gouennlazh mennet, en o zouez Poellgor ABU a-zivout gwirioù didorrus pobl Palestina (CEIRPP)&lt;ref&gt;Kulkarni, 2023 ; Condon, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ha ''Genocide Watch''&lt;ref&gt;Stanton, 2025b ; Condon, 2024 ; Kulkarni, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;twailr&quot;&gt;&quot;Public Statement: Scholars Warn&quot;, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;. E-kerzh ar prosez ''Defense for Children International – Palestine vs. Biden'' boulc'het en ul lez-varn e [[Kalifornia]] e 2023, Barry Trachtenberg, un istorour yuzev stadunanat arbennigour war Istor ar Yuzevien, a lavaras ez eo disklêriadennoù pennadurezhioù Israel an diazez d'ar c'henemglev a zo etre an istorourien arbennigour war ar gouennlazhoù evit ober &quot;gouennlazh&quot; end-eeun eus ar blegenn m'emañ Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Gessen, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Unan eus izili Poellgor ABU a hevelebas disklêriadennoù politikerien Israel ouzh an atizerezh d'ar gouennlazh e [[Rwanda]] e [[1994]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251105173449/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/04/world-must-fight-israel-genocide-gaza-like-aparthied-navi-pillay |title=World must fight Israel's genocide in Gaza like it did apartheid, pioneering South African judge says  • The Guardian, 03/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Gwengolo 2025, CEIRPP a zisklêrias o devoa [[Benyamin Netanyahou]] (Pennmaodiern Israel abaoe 2022), Isaac Herzog (Prezidant Israel abaoe 2021) ha Yoav Gallant (Maodiern an Difenn etre 2022 ha 2024) boulc'het un atizerezh war-eeun ha foran d'ar gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;UN Commission of Inquiry report, 2025, pp. 64–67.&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a wezh o deus graet pennadurezhioù Stad Israel dave da ''Amalek'' an [[Tanac'h]], eleze ur bobl a zo enebourez touet ouzh Israeliz hag a rank bout distrujet hervez youl an [[doue]] Yahweh, ar pezh a brou, hervez meur a zispleger ha Stad Suafrika, e venn Stad Israel seveniñ ur gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Bartov, 2023 ; Jones, 2024 ; Levene, 2024, pp. 4–5 ; Coghill, 2024 ; Marin &amp; West, 2024 ; Bybelezer, 2023 ; Jones, 2024 ; Netanyahu, 2023.&lt;/ref&lt;ref&gt;Goldenberg, 2024 ; Schmitz, 2024 ; Coghill, 2024 ; Bartov, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McGreal 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/13/biden-lawsuit-alleged-failure-prevent-genocide-israel-palestine |title=US rights group sues Biden for alleged 'failure to prevent genocide' in Gaza • The Guardian, 13/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Deroù ==
''B'Tselem'', ar prosez Suafrika ''vs.'' Israel, ha lod helenneien hag a lavar emañ Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh e Gaza a laka ar 7 a viz Here 2023 d'e zeroù&lt;ref&gt;Jamshidi, 2024a, pp. 1–4 ; Semerdjian, 2024a, pp. 3–4 ; B'Tselem, 2025, p. 82.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ''B'Tselem'', &quot;ne c'heller ket kompren en argadeg-gouennlazhañ ouzh annezidi Gaza, hag ouzh an holl Balestiniz evel strollad, hep anzav pouez ar 7 a viz Here war gevredigezh Israel. Ar stroñs, an aon hag ar vezhekadenn degaset gant an argadeg, hag an emsavadeg kevredigezhel a zeuas diwarni, a dalvezas da nerzhekaat ur c'hemm e politikerezh ar gouarnamant e-keñver Palestiniz — eus ar mac'homerezh hag ar c'hontroll d'an distrujañ ha d'an netraiñ.&quot;».&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E-pad 48 eurvezh kentañ argadeg Israel, Herzi Malevi, anezhañ penn Tsahal, a lavaras e voe arsailhet {{formatnum:1000}} bukenn. Hervez e wreg e lavaras dezhi e vije distrujet Gaza. Hervez ar c'heloù, Benyamin Netanyahou a lavaras pelloc'h e felle dezhañ e vefe argadet {{formatnum:5000}} bukenn, zoken pa ne oa ket bet kadarnaet gant Tshaal e vefe {{formatnum:5000}} bukenn enebour. [[Naouegezh artifisiel|Naouegezh kalvezadel]] a voe implijet evit sevel ul listennad bukennoù, diazezet alies war ditouroù na oant na solius na hizivaet. War-dro {{formatnum:10000}} Palestinat a voe lazhet dindan ur mizvezh, familhoù a-bezh en o mesk. An istorour israelat Shmuel Lederman a reas &quot;barr an torfederezh&quot; eus kement-se&lt;ref&gt;Lederman, 2025, p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Daou arbennigour war ar gouennlazhañ, ar c'hevredadour [[Breizh-Veur|breizhveurat]] Martin Shaw hag an enklasker [[aostralia]]n A. Dirk Moses a lavar ez eo diaes krediñ e krogas ar gouennlazh goude argadeg kentañ Israel ouzh Gaza pa weler kement a feulster krak en deroù&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, 2025b, p. 3 ; Moses, 2025, p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'an 13 a viz Here 2023, an istorour israelat Raz Segal a lavaras edo Stad Israel o seveniñ &quot;ur gouennlazh hervez an dornlevr&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Klein, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. Helenneien all a lavar e oa reizhwir ar brezel en deroù, ha diwezhatoc'h e troas d'ur gouennlazh, e 2024 pe 2025&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, 2025b, p. 3 ; Moses, 2025, p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Gwengolo 2024, ur poellgor eus ABU karget da ensellout obererezhioù Israel e-keñver gwirioù denel Palestiniz a embannas e kenglote politikerezh hag oberoù Israel e-pad ar prantad (Here 2023 – Gouere 2024) ouzh termenadur ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;OHCHR, 2024d, pp. 1, 25–26.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Oberoù-gouennlazhañ ==
{{Multiple image|
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| image1 = A newborn baby was killed as a result of the Israeli airstrike of Nuseirat camp, Gaza Strip.jpg
| image2 = Palestinians injured by an Israeli airstrike in Deir el-Balah, Gaza Strip 2.jpg
| image3 = An injured child receives treatment at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital after Israeli airstrike of the Nuseirat refugee camp, Gaza Strip.jpg
| image4 = Tasnim News Agency - Report from child casualties in Gaza.webm
| footer_align = left
| footer = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;&gt;'''A laez da draoñ hervez tro an heol''' :
* Ur babig lazhet gant ur vombezenn.
* Palestiniz gloazet gant ur vombezadeg e Deir el-Balah, Strizhenn Gaza.
* Ur bugel gloazet goude un argadenn ouzh kamp ar repuidi e Nouseirat e miz Kerzu 2024.
* {{ar}} Atersadennoù meur a zen chomet bev goude bombezadeg Nouseirat.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
=== Lazhadegoù ha gloazadegoù ===
;• Lazhoù war-eeun
&quot;Peurlazhadeg&quot; zo bet graet eus oberoù Stad Israel e Gaza gant ABU hag aozadurioù dengar&lt;ref&gt;Condon, 2024 ; Bayoumi, 2025 ; Murphy, 2025 ; Nashed, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/12/19/israels-crime-extermination-acts-genocide-gaza |title=Israel's Crime of Extermination, Acts of Genocide in Gaza • Human Rights Watch, 9/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ar pezh a zo un torfed enep mab-den. E-pad an daou vizvezh kentañ, Israel a vannas {{formatnum:25000}} tonennad [[danvez-tarzh]] war Strizhenn Gaza. Kalz anezho a oa bombezennoù na oant ket bleinet ha bannet war dakadoù ma oa stank ar boblañs ; karterioù a-bezh a voe kaset da get&lt;ref&gt;Albanese, 2024a, pp. 6–7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Abaoe ar 7 a viz Here 2023 ez eo bet tamallet da Dsahal lazhañ Palestiniz dizarm, en desped d'al lezennoù etrebroadel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/palestinians-detained-israel-hamas-gaza-war-0ecbc338e4024add059b87b38022086d |title=Hungry, thirsty and humiliated: Israel's mass arrest campaign sows fear in northern Gaza • Associated Press, 14/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-west-bank-gaza-war-east-jerusalem-shooting-army-23338c903c08bdd3e5fade3e2a048ab1 |title=Israeli military opens probe after videos show Israeli forces killing 2 Palestinians at close range • Associated Press, 16/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ha labourerien yec'hedel&lt;ref name=&quot;Salman &amp; Khadder 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/23/middleeast/kamal-adwan-hospital-gaza-israel-abuse-allegations-intl-cmd/index.html |title=Doctors accuse Israeli troops of desecrating bodies and shooting civilians at hospital Israel says was Hamas 'command center' •  CNN, 23/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Soudarded Israel o deus lazhet Palestiniz trevour en ospitalioù ; hervez un danevell gant ABU e miz Kerzu 2023 e vijent bet lazhet a-wel d'o ziegezh&lt;ref&gt;UNHR, 2024, pp. 37–38.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Genver 2024, soudarded Israel a dennas war drevourien a oa o hejañ bannieloù gwenn ; unan a voe lazhet&lt;ref&gt;UNHR, 2024, pp. 37-38.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/video/video-shows-gaza-civilian-shot-and-killed-in-group-waving-white-flag-202880581884 |title=Video shows Gaza civilian shot and killed in group waving white flag • NBC News, 24/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mezeien o deus kavet un niver bras a Balestiniz lazhet gant ur boled hepken en o fenn pe o bruched, ar pezh a genglot gant ur ratozh lazhañ a-berzh Tsahal&lt;ref name=&quot;volkskrant&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/kijkverder/v/2025/gunshot-palestine-children-israel-war~v1819649/ |title=What the Wounds Are Telling Us • De Volkskrant, 13/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Ebrel 2024 e voe kavet karnelioù e Strizhenn Gaza, tremen 300 korf-marv enno&lt;ref&gt;UNHR, 2024, p. 40.&lt;/ref&gt;, en o zouez tud kozh, maouezi, tud c'hloazet ha tud ereet o daouarn&lt;ref name=&quot;un-1148876&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876 |title=Mass graves in Gaza show victims' hands were tied, says UN rights office • UN News, 23/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. &quot;Diziazez ha disol&quot; eo tamall al lazhoù-se da Dsahal, hervezi&lt;ref name=&quot;toi-mass-graves&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-rejects-baseless-claim-it-dug-mass-graves-at-gaza-hospital-analysts-also-doubt-charge/ |title=IDF rejects 'baseless' claim it dug mass graves at Gaza hospital; analysts also doubt charge • The Times of Israel, 23/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ha disklêriañ a reas e oa bet ensellet korfoù-marv a oa bet beziet gant Palestiniz, kement-se evit kavout engouestlidi ha tud diank e karter ospital Nasser Hospital ; ouzhpenn da se e lavaras e voe distroet ar c'horfoù-marv na oant ket re engouestlidi israelat&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn-mass-graves&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/22/middleeast/khan-younis-nasser-hospital-mass-grave-intl/index.html |title=More than 300 bodies found in mass grave at Gaza hospital, says Gaza Civil Defense • CNN, 22/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes-mass-graves&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/23/world/middleeast/gaza-mass-grave.html |title=U.N. Calls for Inquiry Into Mass Graves at 2 Gaza Hospitals • The New York Times, 23/04/2024 |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Hervez ur gont e miz Kerzu 2023, d'an nebeutañ {{formatnum:14000}} Palestinad a voe lazhet e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-authorities-identify-gaza-hostages-dead-captivity-2023-12-01/ |title=Israeli authorities identify Gaza hostages dead captivity • Reuters, 01/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E dibenn ar bloaz 2024, ur studiadenn ha ne gemere e kont nemet an niver a c'houzañvidi bet kadarnaet gant da vihanañ teir mammenn dizalc'h, ha nemetken etre miz Du 2023 ha miz Kerzu 2024, a gadarnaas ar c'heleier a oa bet embannet gant ABU ha lod media : 70% eus ar c'houzañvidi a oa maouezi ha bugale&lt;ref&gt;Associated Press, 2023a ; Burga, 2023 ; Sawafta &amp; Fick, 2023 ; Thomas, 2023 ; Faddoul &amp; al., 2024, pp. 25–26 ; Saric, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6035/Nearly-25,000-Palestinians-killed-during-70-day-Israeli-genocide-in-Gaza |title=Nearly 25,000 Palestinians killed during 70-day Israeli genocide in Gaza • Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, 15/12/2023|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez Maodiernezh ar Yec'hed ha Burev an Ditouriñ er gouarnamant e Gaza, d'an 3 a viz Genver 2024, e oa bet kontet tremen {{formatnum:22300}} a dud varv&lt;ref name=&quot;cas1tmp4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/health-ministry-in-hamas-run-gaza-says-war-death-toll-hits-22-313-584e999b?refsec=topics_afp-news |title=Health Ministry In Hamas-run Gaza Says War Death Toll Hits 22,313 • Barron's, 03/01/2024|access}}&lt;/ref&gt;. D'an 31 a viz Eost 2024 e voe anavet war-dro {{formatnum:34000}} a dud varv, 60% anezho kozhidi, maouezi ha bugale&lt;ref&gt;Graham-Harrison, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;. D'an 31 a viz Gouere 2025 e savas an niver da {{formatnum:60199}}, 52.6% anezho kozhidi, maouezi ha bugale&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://data.techforpalestine.org/ar/updates/killed-in-gaza-update-2025-08-17/ |title=Killed in Gaza • Tech for Palestine, 17/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/unrwa-sitrep-184-15aug25/ |title=UNRWA Situation Report #184 • United Nations, 15/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 14 a viz Genver 2024, tremen {{formatnum:23900}} a dud a oa bet kavet marv&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2024/1/14/israels-100-days-of-relentless-war-on-gaza |title=Israel's 100 days of relentless war on Gaza • Al Jazeera, 14/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; d'an 10 a viz Mae, niver ar marvioù a dizhas {{formatnum:35000}}, un drederenn anezho dianav, ha tremen {{formatnum:10000}} ouzhpenn beziet en atredoù hep mar ebet&lt;ref name=&quot;K&amp;a.&quot;&gt;Khatib &amp; al., 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. E-pad teir sizhun kentañ an argadeg, Israel a lazhas muioc'h a vugale e Gaza eget na oa bet lazhet er bed a-bezh en holl vrezelioù abaoe 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gaza-3195-children-killed-three-weeks-surpasses-annual-number-children-killed-conflict-zones |title=Gaza: 3,195 Children Killed in Three Weeks Surpasses Annual Number of Children Killed in Conflict Zones Since 2019 • Save the Children, 29/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Qutami, 2023, p. 531.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tremen {{formatnum:52000}} a dud zo bet gloazet a-raok miz Kerzu 2023&lt;ref&gt;Thomas, 2023 ; Associated Press, 2023a.&lt;/ref&gt; ha da dremen {{formatnum:77700}} e savas an niver-se e miz Mae 2024&lt;ref&gt;United Nations in Palestine, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/5/israels-war-on-gaza-live-neither-side-willing-to-budge-in-truce-talks?update=2880155 |title=Israel's war on Gaza live: Netanyahu accused of 'sabotaging' truce talks – Gaza death toll reaches 34,683 as Israeli offensive continues • Al Jazeera, 05/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. D'an 10 a viz Here 2025, Maodiernezh ar Yec'hed e Gaza (MYG) a embannas e oa bet lazhet da nebeutañ {{formatnum:67194}} a dud e Gaza, eleze war-dro 3,5% eus ar boblañs&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/18/gaza-tracker |title=Gaza tracker • Al Jazeera, 18/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ar c'helaouennoù israelat ''+972 Magazine'' ha ''Sikha Mekomit'' (&quot;Galvadenn lec'hel&quot;) a embannas e tivizas abred Tsahal aotren ma vefe lazhet betek 15-20 trevour dre emsaver a renk izel, ha tremen 100 trevour dre emsaver a renk uhel. Hervez c'hwec'h ofiser israelat en ditouroù, un abeg pennañ d'an niver bras a lazhoù eo boaz Tsahal da skeiñ war vukennoù en o annez hag e-ser o ziegezh, ar re-se o vezañ dibabet evit darn gant reizhiadoù ditouriñ emgefreek a laka an annezioù-se da vout kavet aesoc'h&lt;ref&gt;Abraham, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Un ofiser all en ditouroù a lavaras ne implije Israel nemet bombezennoù divleinerezh, a c'hall distrujañ savadurioù a-bezh, evit lazhañ emsaverien yaouank &quot;kuit a zispign bombezennoù ker war dud dister&quot;»&lt;ref&gt;Abraham, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Meurzh 2024, ar pemdezieg israelat ''Haaretz'' a embannas e oa bet lod komandanted israelat o termeniñ &quot;takadoù-peurlazhañ&quot;» ma veze urzhiet d'ar soudarded lazhañ kement den a welent, zoken pa veze dizarm&lt;ref&gt;Kubovich, 2024a ; Sultany, 2024, p.11.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez un ofiser israelat, &quot;en un doare pleustrek e reer &quot;[[sponterezh|sponter]]&quot; eus kement den a zo bet lazhet gant Tsahal en takadoù ma vez o labourat&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Kubovich, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[File:IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg|thumb|Un tourter ''Caterpillar D9'']]
E miz Even e kavas ''Associated Press'' edo taol-brezel Israel o lazhañ lignezoù palestinat a-bezh, d'ul live na oa bet biskoazh gwelet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/investigation-identifies-entire-palestinian-families-killed-by-israeli-strikes-in-gaza |title=Investigation identifies entire Palestinian families killed by Israeli strikes in Gaza • PBS News Hour, 17/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez testenioù bet roet da [[Kneset|Barlamant Israel]] e oa bet roet urzh da soudarded o vleinañ [[tourter]]ioù hobregonet ''Caterpillar D9'' da &quot;redek war sponterien, marv pe vev, a-gantadoù&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Cook, 2024 ; Ebrahim, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-825955 |title=Israeli soldiers returning from war struggle with trauma and suicide • The Jerusalem Post, 24/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-soldier-can-no-longer-eat-meat-after-killing-gaza |title=Not the Onion: CNN highlights 'suffering' of Israeli army bulldozer driver who ran over so many people in Gaza it made him turn vegetarian • The New Arab, 24/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[File:Al-Tabieen school massacre 05.jpg|thumb|Sac'hadoù ''achla'' ('''أشلاء''', &quot;tammoù eus ar c'horf&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/ashlaa-and-the-genocide-in-gaza |title=Ashlaa' and the Genocide in Gaza: Livability against Fragmented Flesh • Society for Cultural Anthropology, 31/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/the-character-of-settler-colonial-violence |title=The Character of Settler-Colonial Violence • Society for Cultural Anthropology, 31/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; a-c'houde ur vombezadeg d'an 10 a viz Eost 2024 war ur skol a oa o c'houdoriñ repuidi palestinat]]
Breud zo a-zivout an dregantad a vaouezi hag a vugale a zo bet lazhet&lt;ref name=&quot;Horton et al.&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-69014893 |title=Gaza war: Why is the UN citing lower death toll for women and children? • BBC News, 16/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2024/5/17/24159263/aza-deaths-israel-hamas-hospital-ministry-health |title=The controversy over Gaza's death toll, explained • Vox, 17/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; met anavezet hag embannet eo anv, jener hag oad tremen {{formatnum:60000}} den lazhet&lt;ref name=&quot;techforpalestine-kills&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.techforpalestine.org/docs/killed-in-gaza/ |title=Killed in Gaza • Tech for Palestine, 17/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026&lt;/ref&gt;. D'ar 7 a viz Mae 2024 e venegas ABU {{formatnum:34735}} a dud lazhet en holl ; {{formatnum:24686}} anzeho zo bet anavezet : 52% a vaouezi ha bugale, 8% a dud kozh a bep jener, ha 40% a wazed&lt;ref name=&quot;Horton et al.&quot; /&gt;. E miz Du 2024, ABU a embannas un dielfennadenn diwar-benn {{formatnum:8119}} a dud varv hag a voe gwiriekaet gant da nebeutañ teir mammenn dizalc'h, etre miz Du 2023 ha miz Ebrel 2024, 70% anezho o vout maouezi ha bugale&lt;ref&gt;Saric, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. D'an 31 a viz Eost 2024, hervez Maodiernezh ar Yezc'hed e Gaza, e oa savet an niver a dud varv da {{formatnum:40691}} ; {{formatnum:34344}} zo anavezet dre o anv : {{formatnum:17652}} (51%) zo maouezi ha bugale, {{formatnum:2955}} (9%) zo tud kozh (tremen 60 vloaz) a bep jener, ha {{formatnum:13737}} (40%) zo gwazed&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/09/21/gaza-s-health-ministry-reveals-names-of-several-thousand-dead-over-11-355-of-them-are-minors_6726814_4.html  |title=Gaza's Health Ministry reveals names of several thousand dead, over 11,355 of them are minors • Le Monde, 21/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Graham-Harrison, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240831-health-official-says-polio-vaccine-campaign-begins-in-war-torn-gaza |title=Health official says polio vaccine campaign begins in war-torn Gaza • France 24, 31/08/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bloaz diwezhatoc'h (31 a viz Gouere 2025), hervez Maodiernezh ar Yec'hed e Gaza, ec'h anavezed {{formatnum:60199}} a dud : {{formatnum:28728}} (48%) a vaouezi ha bugale, {{formatnum:2928}} (5%) a oa kozhidi a beb jener ha {{formatnum:28543}} (47%) a oa gwazed. D'an nebeutañ {{formatnum:18457}} bugel a oa bet lazhet abaoe miz Here 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;techforpalestine-kills&quot; /&gt;. E miz Du 2024, MYG a embannas e oa bet diverket {{formatnum:1410}} tiegezh diouzh marilhoù kêr a-c'houde bombezadegoù Stad Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2024-12-05/ty-article-magazine/.premium/entire-families-crushed-in-gaza-by-israeli-airstrikes-not-even-memories-remain/00000193-92bf-dfe8-a5db-fbff98170000 |title=Entire Families Were Crushed in Gaza by Israeli Airstrikes. Not Even Memories Remain • Haaretz, 05/12/2024 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Diaesoc'h-diaesañ ez eo bet d'ar Vaodiernezh dastum roadennoù en abeg ma oa bet distrujet danframmoù&lt;ref name=&quot;K&amp;a.&quot; /&gt;. Ret e voe erlerc'hiañ mammennoù all ouzh re an ospitalioù&lt;ref name=&quot;K&amp;a.&quot; /&gt;, evel keleier digant ar media, digant an dud a oa war al lec'hioù, koulz ha digant ar familhoù hag an intañvezed, a rank disklêriañ marv o fried evit bout skoazellet gant ar gouarnamant&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-war-health-system-collapse-in-gaza-leaves-authorities-struggling-to-count-the-dead-13107279 |title=Israel-Hamas war: Gaza's morgue network has effectively collapsed – how are they recording their dead? • Sky News, 04/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar c'helenner hag enklasker stadunanat-ha-breizhveurat Michael Spagat e kavas dezhañ e oa mallus kaout un hentenn solius ha dizalc'h evit lakaat niver hollek ar marvioù — {{formatnum:34535}} d'an 30/04/2024 — da genglotañ gant ar roadennoù dastumet dre ar munud, en ur gemer hepken re an dud a oa anavezet dre anv hag all, an hollad o vout {{formatnum:24653}} d'an 30/04/2024 ivez&lt;ref name=&quot;Spagat 2024a&quot; /&gt;. E miz Eost 2025 e voe krennet an toull etre an niver a c'houzañvidi hag an niver a dud anavezet (war-dro {{formatnum:62000}} e-lec'h {{formatnum:60000}}), pa voe anavezet muioc'h a dud&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web| url=https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/160545 |title=Gaza death toll surges to 62,192 as Israel continues the genocide • Wafa, 21/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Stad Israel a savas enep sifroù Maodiernezh ar Yec'hed e Gaza, hogen degemeret e voent gant servijoù israelat an ditouroù, gant ABU ha gant [[Aozadur Bedel ar Yec'hed]] (ABY)&lt;ref name=&quot;K&amp;a.&quot; /&gt;. Nevesoc'h zo, ar gazetenn vreizhveurat ''The Guardian'' a embannas un diaz-ditouroù rummataet gant Tsahal hag a gont {{formatnum:8900}} emsaver lazhet. Kement-se ha roadennoù MYG a c'houlavar e oa trevourien eus 83% eus ar c'houzañvidi, ar pezh a zo dreist kement niver e kement brezel a zo bet abaoe [[1989]], war-bouez seziz Srebrenica (1992-1995), ar gouennlazh a voe e Rwanda (1994) ha [[Seziz Marioupol]] (2022)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2025/aug/21/revealed-israeli-militarys-own-data-indicates-civilian-death-rate-of-83-in-gaza-war |title=Revealed: Israeli military's own data indicates civilian death rate of 83% in Gaza war • The Guardian, 21/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tsahal a nac'has kement-se holl, dre lavaret e oa dispis ar sifroù ha digempoell p'o c'heñverier gant he roadennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-denies-report-claiming-that-its-own-database-found-that-vast-majority-of-gaza-dead-were-civilians/ |title=IDF denies report claiming that its own database found that vast majority of Gaza dead were civilians • The Times of Israel, 21/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; E 2025, ur pennad a-zivout ar brezel e Gaza a vrasjedas {{formatnum:64260}} den marvet diwar c'hloazioù grevus etre miz Here 2023 hag an 30 a viz Even 2024, un niver hag a dremenas hep mar dreist {{formatnum:70000}} e miz Here 2024, 59,1% anezho o vout maouezed, bugale ha tud kozh ; diwar kement-se e kendastumas e oa bet 41% re izel sifroù MYG a-fet marv diwar gwall c'hloazioù, ha war an dro e verkas e oa re izel e sifroù-eñ hep mar ebet, pa ne gemerent ket e kont holl heuliadoù oberoù Tsahal e Gaza : ar marvioù diwar ziouer a zanframmoù mezegel, diouer a voued, dour fall ha yec'hedouriezh ker fall all&lt;ref&gt;Jamaluddine &amp; al., 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ur vrasjedadenn damheñvel a-fet marvioù a-c'houde gwall c'hloazioù a embannas {{formatnum:80000}} e miz Genver 2025&lt;ref&gt;Bloxham, 2025, p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; ; e miz C'hwevrer, ur studiadenn e ''The Lancet'' a vrasjedas e oa bet un digresk a 39,9 bloaz en hoali e Strizhenn Gaza etre miz Here 2023 ha miz Gwengolo 2024, hep kontañ ar marvioù ameeun ; diwar ar renabloù hag ar marilhoù e kadarnaas sifroù Maodiernezh ar Yec'hed e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Guillot &amp; al., 2025, pp. 478-485.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

E miz Mae 2025, Bezalel Smotrich, maodiern israelat an arc'hant, a zisklêrias edo Israel oc'h argadiñ labourerien trevourel Hamas, en ur lavaret &quot;emaomp o peurlazhañ maodierned, burevidi, pinvidien – kement den hag a skor beli Hamas war ar gevredigezh trevourel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Shpigel, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. E-maez al lezennoù etrebroadel eo lazhañ izili trevourel Hamas&lt;ref&gt;Jamshidi, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;. Adalek miz Even 2025 e lavaras soudarded Tsahal e oa bet roet urzh dezho da dennañ war engroezioù Palestiniz e-kichen al lec'hioù ma ro ar ''Gaza Humanitarian Foundation'' he skoazell&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-06-27/ty-article-magazine/.premium/idf-soldiers-ordered-to-shoot-deliberately-at-unarmed-gazans-waiting-for-humanitarian-aid/00000197-ad8e-de01-a39f-ffbe33780000 |title='It's a Killing Field': IDF Soldiers Ordered to Shoot Deliberately at Unarmed Gazans Waiting for Humanitarian Aid • Haaretz, 27/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; tremen {{formatnum:1000}} den a voe lazhet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/07/23/nx-s1-5477365/israel-gaza-aid-casualties |title=Israeli forces have killed over 1,000 aid-seekers in Gaza since May, the U.N. says • NPR, 23/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ''Amnesty International'', Israel a oa o klask krennañ war ar skoazell evit degas kernezh d'ar Balestiniz hag o gouennlazhañ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/07/gaza-evidence-points-to-israels-continued-use-of-starvation-to-inflict-genocide-against-palestinians/ |title=Gaza: Evidence points to Israel's continued use of starvation to inflict genocide against Palestinians • Amnesty International, 03/07/2025|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Du 2025, ur studiadenn gant ar ''Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research'' (MPIDR) e [[Rostock]] a vrasjedas niver ar marvioù diwar feulster e Gaza : etre {{formatnum:100000}} ha {{formatnum:126000}}, 27% anezho o vout bugale yaouankoc'h eget 15 vloaz ha 24% o vout maouezi&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.mpg.de/25778228/1125-defo-gaza-study-reveals-unprecedented-losses-of-life-and-life-expectancy-154642-x |title=Gaza: study reveals unprecedented losses of life and life expectancy • Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 25/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2025-11/kriegstote-gazastreifen-opferzahlen-schaetzung |title=Mehr als 100.000 Tote im Gazakrieg (&quot;Tremen {{formatnum:100000}} den marvet e Gaza&quot;) • Die Zeit, 24/11/32025 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.freitag.de/autoren/hanno-hauenstein/max-planck-institut-zaehlt-126-000-gaza-tote-was-heisst-das-fuer-den-genozid |title=Max-Planck-Institut zählt 126.000 Gaza-Tote: Was heißt das für den Genozid? (&quot;MPI a gont {{formatnum:126000}} den marv e Gaza – petra eo an emplegad  ar gouennlazh ?&quot;) • Der Freitag, 01/12/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''Amnesty International'' ha ''B'Tselem'' o deus roet da wir edo ar gouennlazh war seveniñ bepred, pa gendalc'hed da lazhañ Palestiniz&lt;ref name=&quot;Alj&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/video/inside-story/2026/2/12/is-genocide-still-happening-in-gaza |title=Is genocide still happening in Gaza? • Al Jazeera, 12/02/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tremen {{formatnum:1000}} den zo bet lazhet gant Israel etre deroù an harz-tennañ (miz Here 2025) ha miz Even 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/video/newsfeed/2026/6/18/these-are-the-palestinians-that-israel-has-killed-during-gazas |title= These are the Palestinians that Israel has killed during Gaza's 'ceasefire' • Al Jazeera, 18/06/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, tremen 100 bugel en o zouez&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/during-gazas-ceasefire-children-keep-being-killed |title=During Gaza's Ceasefire, Children Keep Being Killed • UNICEF, 13/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Hervez un enklask gant ar medium [[Katar|qatari]] ''Al Jazeera Media Network'' ('''شبكة الجزيرة الإعلامية''') diazezet war testenioù tud ha dielfennadennoù gant arbennigourien, ez eus war-dro {{formatnum:3000}} Palestinad(ez) a zo bet lazhet hep na c'hellfed kavout o c'horfoù, kement-se abalamour ma ra Tsahal e Gaza gant tennoù gwrezel ha tennoù gwrezel-ha-gwaskel, pourchaset o-daou gant [[Stadoù-Unanet Amerika]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2026/2/10/israel-used-weapons-in-gaza-that-made-thousands-of-palestinians-evaporate |title=Israel used weapons in Gaza that made thousands of Palestinians evaporate • Al Jazeera,10/02/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Lazhoù ameeun
[[File:Mother cries for her 4-year-old daughter, who lost her life due to malnutrition and lack of treatment due to the war on Gaza, Gaza Strip.jpg|thumb|Ur vamm o leñvañ d'he merc'h 4 bloaz marvet diwar naonegezh ha kleñved.]]
Ar vezeien Rasha Khatib, Martin McKee ha Salim Yusuf o deus embannet e miz Gouere 2024 un niver brasjedet a varvioù eeun pe ameeun devoudet gant ar brezel, a oa c'hoarvezet dija pe a c'hoarvezje er mizioù ha bloazioù da zont. Hep mar e vo ur c'hresk bras war ar marvioù ameeun en abeg da greñvder ar brezel dre vras, da zistruj danframmoù yec'hedel, d'an diouer a voued, ha d'ar c'hrennañ war arc'hantaouiñ UNRWA. Hervezo e c'hellfe an niver a Balestiniz lazhet e Gaza bout 16 gwezh brasoc'h eget an niver a zo bet jedet betek-henn ; pa lieskementer an niver diwezhañ-se dre 5 e c'hellfe sevel da dremen {{formatnum:186000}} den marv&lt;ref&gt;Khatib &amp; al., 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Michael Spagat a skrivas e oa ar vrasjedadenn-se &quot;disolius ha diwirheñvel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://aoav.org.uk/2024/a-critical-analysis-of-the-lancets-letter-counting-the-dead-in-gaza-difficult-but-essential-professor-mike-spagat-reviews-the-claim-the-total-gaza-death-toll-may-reach-upwards-of-186000/ |title=A critical analysis of The Lancet's letter &quot;Counting the Dead in Gaza: Difficult but Essential&quot;. Professor Mike Spagat reviews the claim the total Gaza death toll may reach upwards of 186,000 • Action On Armed Violence, 10/07/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bigg 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/11/world/middleeast/gaza-war-death-toll-lancet.html |title=Fighting Isn't the Only Killer of Gazans Amid the War, Researchers Say • The New York Times, 11/07/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; met &quot;reizh e oa reiñ da c'houzout ne voe ket an holl varvioù reoù eeun ha feuls&quot;, ha lakaaat a reas an niver a varvioù de &quot;uhel-meurbet&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Horton et al.&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bigg 2024&quot; /&gt;. An istorour [[Bro-Saoz|saoz]] Donald Bloxham a verk ivez ez eo bet ameeun ar braz eus ar marvioù e meur a vrezel, met Israel o sparlañ an hent d'ar skoazell evit Gaza a zegas marvioù ivez na c'heller ket lakaat da ameeun&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloxham_2025&quot;&gt;Bloxham, 2025, pp 23–24.&lt;/ref&gt;.

En ul lizher e miz Here 2024, 99 labourer stadunanat er yec'hed e Gaza hag o devoa labouret eno abaoe ar 7 a viz Here 2023 a glaskas brasjediñ an niver a Balestiniz a oa marvet diwar naonegezh, diazezet war danevelloù foran embannet gant an aozadur ''Integrated Food Security Phase Classification'' (IPC)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.gazahealthcareletters.org/usa-letter-oct-2-2024 |title=USA Letter / Gaza Healthcare Letters • 02/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervezo e oa d'an nebeutañ {{formatnum:62413}} a dud e Gaza a oa marvet diwar naonegezh, bugale yaouank ar braz anezho ; diazezet eo ar vrasjedadenn-se war ar fed ma tegas ur gernezh a live 5 ur feur a 2 zen marv diwar {{formatnum:10000}} bemdez. Ar vezeien a vasjedas ivez e oa marvet {{formatnum:5000}} den d'an nebeutañ diwar ziouer a breder pa oant gant ur c'hlenved henek&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/10/us-israel-funding-gaza-palestine-deaths-october-100000-17-billion/ |title=Report: In One Year, More Than 100,000 Deaths in Gaza—Aided by $17.9 Billion From the US|Mother Jones, 08/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WatsonInstituteEstimatedDeaths&quot;&gt;Stamatopoulou &amp; Robbins, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GazaHealthcareLettersEstimatedDeaths&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66e083452b3cbf4bbd719aa2/t/66fcd754b472610b6335d66f/1727846228615/Appendix+20241002.pdf |title=Appendix to letter of October 2, 2024 re: American physicians observations from the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023 • Gaza Healthcare Letters, 02/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Div studiadenn embannet gant ar gelaouenn ''The Economist'' a ziskouez un digresk a 35 bloaz en hoali e Gaza, a-live gant ar gouennlazh e Rwanda e 1994&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/interactive/graphic-detail/2025/08/06/how-much-of-gaza-is-left-standing |title=How much of Gaza is left standing? • The Economist, 06/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/middle-east/how-much-of-gaza-is-left-standing-true-toll-may-be-even-greater-than-official-reports-suggest-20250808-p5mlhn.html |title=How much of Gaza is left standing? True toll may be even greater than official reports suggest • The Sydney Morning Herald, 08/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Droug korfel ha speredel
{{Multiple image|
| perrow = 1/1
| total_width = 300
| image1 = Yamen was injured in his leg during his sixth displacement in Jabalia refugee camp, and he was forced to flee while wounded.jpg
| image2 = A Palestinian refugee carries his injured grandchildren from the Israeli bombing of Nuseirat Camp, Gaza Strip.jpg
| footer_align = left
| footer = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;&gt;'''A laez da draoñ''' :
* Gloazet e voe Yamen en e c'har e-kerzh e 6{{vet}} divroadenn e kamp repuidi Jabalia, ha ret e voe dezhañ tec'hel evelato.
* Ur repuad palestinad zo o tougen e vugale-vihan a zo bet gloazet gant bombezadeg kamp Nuseirat e Gaza.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
Brasoc'h eget {{formatnum:170000}} eo an niver a dud a zo bet gloazet gant taol-brezel Stad Israel abaoe ar 7 a viz Kerzu 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;Burke 2025&quot; /&gt;, hag e Gaza emañ ar brasañ niver a vugale vac'hagnet e-keñver ar boblañs, er bed a-bezh&lt;ref name=&quot;Amputee stats&quot; /&gt;. En hevelep prantad, tremen {{formatnum:1040}} Palestinad a voe lazhet er C'hlann Gornaouek&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-205-situation-gaza-strip-and-west-bank-including-east-jerusalem |title=UNRWA Situation Report #200 on the Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem • UNRWA, 21/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Meurzh 2024, war-dro {{formatnum:17000}} bugel a oa gloazet hag hep familh ebet ken, aleze un termen mezegel nevez : ''wounded child, no surviving family'' (WCNSF)&lt;ref&gt;Haidar, 2023 ; Horn, 2023 ; Ali, 2024 ; O'Reilly, 2023 ; Grim, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231107-gaza-coins-a-new-acronym-wcnsf-wounded-child-no-surviving-family/ |title=Gaza coins a new acronym: WCNSF – Wounded Child No Surviving Family • Middle East Monitor, 07/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;volkskrant&quot; /&gt;. Hervez ABU e miz Gwengolo 2025, tremen {{formatnum:21000}} bugel zo bet mac'hagnet en abeg d'ar brezel e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian_3_September_2025&quot; /&gt;.

D'ar 25 a viz Eost 2024 e vrasjedas ABU e oa miret ar braz eus poblañs Gaza – 2,2 vilion a dud – war un takad 39 km² e c'horread, bihanoc'h eget hini [[Lannuon]], ar pezh a zegas un diouer bras a servijoù diazez evel dour yac'hus, ha kleñvedoù evel an hepatit C a red buan&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/gaza-humanitarian-zones-smaller-than-manhattan-rcna167056 |title=Gaza's 2.2 million people are confined to a humanitarian area smaller than Manhattan • NBC News, 25/08/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Boureverezh ha feulster revel
Bac'hadurioù hollek hag a-vras zo bet tamallet da Stad Israel e brezel Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2771884 |title=Israeli forces detain 20 Palestinians in occupied West Bank • Al Jazeera, 14/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/032/34/pdf/g2403234.pdf?token=7vgSXpmdnRsfIeetwu&amp;fe=true |title=Written statement submitted by Al-Haq, Law in the Service of Man, a non-governmental organisation in special consultative status • United Nations, 27/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ha bac'hidi a zisklêrias e vezent mac'hagnet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/01/11/gaza-detainees-israel-prisons-hamas/ |title=Gazan prisoners describe abuse at secretive Israeli detention sites • The Washington Post, 12/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; hag e c'houzañvent marvioù, tanioù-gwall, gwalladennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/1/10/threatened-with-rape-lama-khater-recalls-horrors-while-in-israeli-jails  |title='Threatened with rape': Lama Khater recalls horrors while in Israeli jails • Al Jazeera, 10/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ha Palestiniz boureviet hep tamalladenn ebet&lt;ref&gt;Masarwa &amp; Osman, 2023 ; Kottasová &amp; al., 2023, Doucet, 2024 ; Cordall &amp; Pedrosa, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Eost 2024, UN-OHCHR a embannas testenioù gant Palestiniz a oa bac'het e kamp-bac'h Sde Teiman e [[Negev]], tost d'an harzoù gant Strizhenn Gaza : gwalladennoù hag arsailhadennoù revel a veze sevenet enep ar vac'hidi&lt;ref&gt;OHCHR, 2024d&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez an aozadur ''Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention'', kement-se ha keleier damheñvel a ziskouez feulster revel e-kerzh ur gouennlazh&lt;ref name=&quot;lemkin&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/the-genocidal-dimensions-of-israel%E2%80%99s-use-of-sexual-and-gender-based-violence-(sgbv)-against-palestinians |title=The Genocidal Dimensions of Israel's Use of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) against Palestinians • Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 11/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026.}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

''Amnesty International'' a embannas e tiskoueze doare ar gwallgaserezh en toulloù-bac'h israelat an dizenekaat reizhiadel koulz hag ar gwallaoz speredel ha korfel gouzañvet gant Palestiniz Gaza, ha gallout a reer kemer an doare-se e kont evit dezastum ur ratozh-gouennlazhañ&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 296.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ABU, oberoù feulster revel ha diazezet war ar jener a voe sevenet &quot;evit aotrouniekaat, mac'homañ ha distrujañ ar bobl balestinat, a-zarn pe a-bezh&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent_International_Commission_Inquiry_2025_sex_vio&quot;&gt;{{en}} Independent International Commission of Inquiry, 2025, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Un  danevell gant Francesca Albanese eus ABU e miz Meurzh 2026 a lakaas ar voureveri a-berzh Israel enep Palestiniz d'ur &quot;perzh frammadurel er gouennlazh a zo war ober hag en ''apartheid'' en astenn an [[trevadenniñ]]&quot;. Hervezi e c'hoarvez ar boureverezh koulz en toulloù-bac'h israelat hag e Palestina aloubet en he fezh, kement-se dre &quot;zivroadegoù, berzañ skoazell ha boued, feulster diharz a-berzh Tsahal hag an drevadennerien, ha kontroll ha spont e pep lec'h&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session61/advance-version/a-hrc-61-71-aev.pdf |title=Torture and genocide • OHCHR, 23/03/2026, p. 2|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Naonegezh, divroadeg ha distruj an aozioù bevañ ===
;Naonegezh ha kaeladur
{{Multiple image|
| perrow = 1/2
| total_width = 300
| image1 = A 4-year-old Palestinian girl, lost her life due to malnutrition and lack of treatment due to the war on Gaza.jpg
| image2 = Displaced Palestinians receive food from charitable Tekiya during Ramadan in Deir el-Balah, Gaza Strip.jpg
| image3 = Displaced Palestinians gather to receive food from a charity in Deir el-Balah, Gaza Strip.jpg
| footer_align = left
| footer = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;&gt;'''A laez da draoñ hervez tro an heol''' :
* Ur plac'h 4 bloaz marvet diwar naonegezh ha diouer a breder mezegel.
* Palestiniz divroet o kaout boued digant Tekiya e-kerzh [[ramadan]] e Deir el-Balah, Strizhenn Gaza.
* Palestiniz divroet bodet evit kaout boued digant un aozadur a garitez e Deir el-Balah.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
E miz C'hwevrer 2024, ''Human Rights Watch'' hag ''Amnesty International'' a zisklêrias n'he devoa ket Israel heuliet an disentez a oa bet kemeret gant al Lez-varn Etrebroadel d'ar 26 a viz Genver evit mirout na gasfe kaeladur Strizhenn Gaza d'ur gouennlazh&lt;ref name=&quot;Human Rights Watch Blockade&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amnesty International Blockade&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/26/has-israel-complied-with-icj-order-in-gaza-genocide-case |title=Has Israel complied with ICJ order in Gaza genocide case? • Al Jazeera, 26/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An aozadur ''Refugees International'' a stadas he devoa Stad Israel &quot;atav hag hep abeg ebet skoilhet an oberoù skoazellañ e Gaza&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Johnson, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;. An istorourez stadunanat Melanie Tanielian a lavar e rankfed lakaat an naonegezh hag ar c'haeladur da hentennoù-gouennlazhañ evel ar bombezadegoù a-yoc'h&lt;ref&gt;Tanielian, 2024, pp. 3–4.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Ebrel, ''B'Tselem'' a lakaas an naonegezh a oa o kreskiñ da &quot;zisoc'h politikerezh mennet hag emskientek Israel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Sultany, 2024, p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.btselem.org/publications/202404_manufacturing_famine |title=Manufacturing Famine: Israel is Committing the War Crime of Starvation in the Gaza Strip • B'Tselem, miz Ebrel 2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez an istorourez Elyse Semerdjian emañ Israel o seveniñ &quot;ur gouennlazh dre daravat&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Semerdjian, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Here 2023, an aozadur ''World Food Programme'' a c'houzavas a-zivout an digresk war ar pourchas boued&lt;ref&gt;Tanielian, 2024, pp. 6–7.&lt;/ref&gt;, hag e miz Kerzu, a-gevret gant ABU, ec'h embannas edo tremen an hanter eus poblañs Gaza &quot;naonek&quot;, nebeutoc'h eget 1 den diwar 10 a zebre bemdez, ha 48% eus an dud a oa &quot;naonek-meurbet&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-gaza-war-palestinians-starving-un-wfp-b2461488.html |title=UN says half of Gaza's population is now starving • The Independent, 10/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/10/israel-hamas-war-live-no-safe-place-in-gaza-as-severe-hunger-spreads |title=Israel-Hamas war updates: Fierce battles rage in southern and northern Gaza • Al Jazeera, 10/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/05/middleeast/gaza-bakery-hunger-israel-hamas-war-intl/index.html |title='It's chaos': Starving Gazans dig for food, supplies under the rubble • CNN, 05/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Riyad al-Maliki, anezhañ Maodiern an Aferioù estren e Palestina, a lavaras edo &quot;Israel oc'h implijout a-ratozh-kaer an naonegezh evel un arm-brezel a-enep ar bobl he deus aloubet&quot; ; hervez Israel e oa an disklêriadenn-se &quot;par da damall ur muntr lidel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Muntr lidel&quot; : an [[enepyuzevegezh]] a damall d'ar Yuzevien lazhañ bugale nann-yuzev en o lidoù evit implijout gwad ar vugale-se da fardañ o bara kan da Bask.&lt;/ref&gt; ha &quot;hudur&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/palestinian-foreign-minister-accuses-israel-deliberately-starving-gazans-2023-12-12/ |title=Palestinian minister accuses Israel of starving Gazans; Israel says charge 'obscene' • Reuters, 13/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Kerzu 2023, ''Human Rights Watch'' a gavas edo Israel oc'h implijout an naonegezh evel un arm-brezel pa verze a-ratozh an diraez d'ar boued hag an dour&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/18/israel-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza |title=Israel: Starvation Used as Weapon of War in Gaza • Human Rights Watch, 18/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Genver 2024, ABU a damallas da Israel &quot;distrujañ reizhiad ar boued e Gaza ha lakaat ar boued d'un arm enep pobl Palestina&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/01/over-one-hundred-days-war-israel-destroying-gazas-food-system-and |title=Over one hundred days into the war, Israel destroying Gaza's food system and weaponising food, say UN human rights experts • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 16/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz C'hwevrer 2024, maodiern israelat an arc'hant, Bezalel Smotrich, a viras e-unan ouzh bleud kaset gant Stadoù-Unanet Amerika a vont tre e Gaza, o terriñ dre-se ar promesa a oa bet graet Stad Israel da SUA&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/finance-minister-blocks-flour-shipments-from-reaching-gaza/ |title=Smotrich blocks flour shipments from reaching Gaza, in breach of Israeli pledge to US • The Times of Israel, 14/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E deroù 2024, ABU a zisklêrias edo Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh peogwir he devoa embannet bout &quot;mennet da zistrujañ pobl Palestina, a-zarn pe a-bezh, hepken peogwir e oa Palestiniz anezhi&quot; ha peogwir edo Israel o nac'hañ boued da Balestiniz dre herzel ouzh ar skoazell zengar hag o tistruj a-raozh-kaer &quot;skafoù-pesketa, broutioù ha frouezhegi e Gaza ... Biskoazh n'hon eus gwelet ur boblañs trevourel lakaet ker buan da vout ken naonek en un doare ker klok, eme an arbennigourien war an naonegezh. E-kichen bukañ war drevourien emañ Israel o klask daoniñ dazont Palestiniz dre wallgas o bugale&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/27/un-israel-food-starvation-palestinians-war-crime-genocide |title=Israel is deliberately starving Palestinians, UN rights expert says • The Guardian, 27/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Un digresk a 40% e niver ar sammgirri-skoazell aotret da vont tre e Gaza a c'hoarvezas goude disentez al Lez-varn Etrebroadel (ICJ)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-biden-comments-turn-focus-back-to-gaza-ceasefire?update=2735412 |title=How much aid has entered Gaza? • Al Jazeera, 27 February 2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Meurzh, an ICJ a gadarnaas he disentez en ur bouezañ war &quot;live digent ar gernezh gouzañvet gant Palestiniz e Strizhenn Gaza er sizhunvezhioù diwezhañ, koulz hag ar c'hresk war ar riskl a gleñvedoù-red&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Sultany, 2024, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;, en ur anzav n'he devoe ket Israel &quot;sentet ouzh urzh&quot; al Lez-varn e miz Genver, ar pezh en deus degaset &quot;aozioù bevañ gwallreuzus&quot; da washaat c'hoazh muioc'h&lt;ref&gt;Sultany, 2024, p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Meurzh 2024, daouzek aozadur dengar en Israel a sinas ul lizher digor ma tamalljont d'ar Stad na sentiñ ouzh urzh al Lez-varn da virout ouzh ur gouennlazh dre aesaat deroadur ar skoazell zengar&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/11/israeli-human-rights-groups-icj-gaza-aid-ruling |title=Israeli human rights groups accuse country of failing to abide by ICJ's Gaza aid ruling • The Guardian, 11/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Johnson, 2024a.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Ebrel, ABU a zisklêrias edo Israel o &quot;lazhañ Palestiniz trevourel hag oc'h ober droug dirapar dezho gant he bombezadegoù&quot;, en ur ouzhpennañ &quot;emaint ivez o c'hourlakaat gant gouizidigezh hag a-ratozh-kaer un naonegezh&quot; hag en ur damall &quot;gouennlazh&quot; da Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Monitor-2024-04-22&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/gaza-health-system-completely-obliterated-un-expert |title=Gaza health system 'completely obliterated': UN expert • Al-Monitor, 22/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Here 2024, Israel a gemmas raktres ar jeneral Giora Eiland a-zivout Strizhenn Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/12/middleeast/israel-military-push-northern-gaza-intl/index.html |title=After mulling siege plan, Israel ramps up military push in northern Gaza • CNN, 12/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1e82yy0wxno |title=Israeli attack on northern Gaza hints at retired general's 'surrender or starve' plan for war • BBC News, 12/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Er raktres-se e oa urzh da holl annezidi Gaza an hanternoz da zivroañ a-barzh ur sizhun ; kaeladur klok war an dour, ar boued hag an trelosk ; herzel pe lazhañ kement den a chomfe&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.972mag.com/northern-gaza-liquidation-scenario-eiland-rabi/ |title=A plan to liquidate northern Gaza is gaining steam • +972 Magazine, 17/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-821301 |title=North Gaza siege: Netanyahu considers plan to starve out Hamas fighters • The Jerusalem Post, 23/09/2024]]|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E kreiz miz Here 2024, Israel he devoa urzhiet skarzh annezidi Gaza an hanternoz ha miret ouzh ar skoazell zengar da vont tre e-pad tost da ziv sizhunvezh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/10/09/israel-orders-new-evacuations-in-northern-gaza_6728770_4.html |title=Israel orders new evacuations in northern Gaza • Le Monde, 09/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/11/middleeast/food-northern-gaza-starvation-un-intl |title=UN says no food has entered northern Gaza since start of October, putting 1 million people at risk of starvation • CNN, 11/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez an ''Institute of Development Studies'', marvioù diwar naonegezh hag a c'hellje bout bet parraet outo zo &quot;hogozik hep mar ebet un torfed-brezel hag un torfed enep mab-den&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ids.ac.uk/publications/was-there-a-famine-in-gaza-in-2024/ |title=Was There a Famine in Gaza in 2024? • Institute of Development Studies, 05/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'an 21 a viz Du 2024, al [[Lez-kastizañ Etrebroadel]] (''International Criminal Court'', ICC) a embannas urzhioù herzel etrebroadel enep Benyamin Netanyahou, anezhañ Pennmaodiern Israel, hag a-enep Yoav Gallant, Maodiern kozh an Difenn, en abeg ma oant o-daou &quot;atebek war an torfed-brezel a naonegezh evel doare da vrezeliñ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/21/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-benjamin-netanyahu-israel |title=ICC issues arrest warrant for Benjamin Netanyahu for alleged Gaza war crimes • The Guardian, 21/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0b62f17a-97db-4817-90f8-f98adead79f0 |title=ICC issues arrest warrant for Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu • Financial Times, 21/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;El Abdallah 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-state-palestine-icc-pre-trial-chamber-i-rejects-state-israels-challenges |title=Situation in the State of Palestine: ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I rejects the State of Israel's challenges to jurisdiction and issues warrants of arrest for Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant • ICC, 21/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Genver ha miz C'hwevrer 2025, Israel a lamas ar strishadurioù war ar skoazell e Gaza e-pad pazenn gentañ harz-tennañ miz Genver. D'an 2 a viz Meurzh avat ec'h embannas e vefe stanket an holl skoazelloù dengar en un doare dibenndermen nemet ec'h asantfe Hamas kemmañ divizoù an harz-tennañ, ar pezh a voe nac'het gant Hamas&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/3/2/live-israel-us-propose-terms-to-extend-gaza-ceasefire-hamas-yet-to-reply?update=3549776 |title=Updates: Israel blocks all aid into Gaza after first phase of truce ends • Al Jazeera, 02/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ckgz7p85mdgo |title=Gaza ceasefire in peril as Israel and Hamas hit impasse • BBC News, 03/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. En ur ober 4 devezh e oa bet un digresk bras ha prim er pourchas boued e Gaza, tra ma oa bet tremen daougementet ar prizioù. Aozadurioù dengar evel ''Oxfam International'' hag UNICEF a c'houzavas a-enep naonegezh a-yoc'h mar dalc'hfe skornadur ar skoazell. ''Oxfam'' a ziouganas &quot;disac'hadur peurglok ar reizhiadoù a skor ar vuhez&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-aid-cutoff-netanyahu-hunger-war-940ceea2c2b754d197a4f07c0cad86de |title=Israel's cutoff of supplies to Gaza sends prices soaring as aid stockpiles dwindle • Associated Press, 05/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An alvokad Salah Abdel-Ati a lavaras e oa oberoù Israel enep [[Kenemglevioù Geneva]], a verz distrujañ pe genkizañ danvezioù hollret evel ar boued war an tachennoù-emgann&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/gazas-palestinians-fear-famine-over-israels-ramadan-aid-block |title=Palestinians in Gaza fear threat of famine over Israel's Ramadan aid blockade • The New Arab, 05/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Mae 2025, goude endevout stanket an enporzhiañ boued, louzeier ha trelosk e-pad 10 sizhunvezh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aid-trucks-gaza-world-food-program-israel-hamas/ |title=Aid trucks going into Gaza are a &quot;drop in the bucket as to what's needed,&quot; WFP director says • CBS News, 25/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, B. Netanyahou a embannas ec'h aotrefe Israel &quot;ur skoazell zengar izek&quot; a-c'houde gwaskoù etrebroadel&lt;ref&gt;Shpigel, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. Israel a ginnigas implijout embregerezhioù prevez evit dasparzhañ ar skoazell e Gaza ar Su hepken. Skoret eo ar raktres gant SUA, o deus savet an aozadur ''Gaza Humanitarian Foundation'' (GHF) evit pourchas skoazell hep na vije &quot;Hamas o laerezh, preizhañ pe implijout ar skoazell-se evit e vennad-eñ&quot;. ABU a gavas abeg er raktres, pa zegasje muioc'h a zivroadegoù ret ha pa lakafe &quot;ar skoazell dindan veli mennadoù politikel pe vilourel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Nichols, 2025a.&lt;/ref&gt;. Kalz Palestiniz zo bet lazhet gant Tsahal p'edont o tostaat d'al lec'hioù m'edo GHF oc'h ingalañ skoazell&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/03/palestinians-killed-israeli-fire-aid-point-gaza-officials-say |title=At least 27 Palestinians killed by Israeli fire at food point, Gaza officials say • The Guardian, 03/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Eost 2025 e voe danevellet e raktrese Israel kreñvaat ar skoazell e kornioù-bro all e Strizhenn Gaza en ur lemel kement skoazell da gêr [[Gaza|C'haza]] en Norzh evit rediañ hec'h annezidi da zivroañ endra edo Israel o kemer kêr&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-gaza-war-netanyahu-08-08-25#cme2gkxi000183b6tmv28m1yi |title=Here's what we know about Israel’s plan to take over Gaza City • CNN, 08/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ditouroù e miz Eost 2025 a ziskouezas edo ar boblañs en he fezh o c'houzañv kernezh, gant war-dro {{formatnum:641000}} a dud o c'houzañv naonegezh vras ; an IPC a gadarnaas edo an naonegezh o c'hoarvezout e Gouarnelezh Gaza&lt;ref&gt;IPC Report August, 2025, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/famine-has-struck-gaza-says-global-hunger-monitor-2025-08-22/ |title=Famine has struck Gaza, says global hunger monitor • Reuters, 22/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Div sizhun goude deroù harz-tennañ miz Here 2025, daouzegadoù ag aozadurioù e-maez-gouarnamant (AMG) a embannas edo Israel o stankañ a-did o skoazell da C'haza. Aozadur Bedel ar Yec'hed (OMS/WHO) a lavaras e oa &quot;gwallreuzus an traoù c'hoazh rak pezh a ya tre n'eo ket a-walc'h&quot; ha &quot;ned a ket an naonegezh war gil rak n'eus ket a-walc'h a voued&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.nrc.no/news/2025/october/mounting-alarm-as-israeli-authorities-reject-ngo-applications-to-transport-life-saving-aid-into-gaza |title=Mounting alarm as Israeli authorities reject NGO applications to transport life saving aid into Gaza • Norwegian Refugee Council, 23/10/2025 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/23/hunger-crisis-in-gaza-is-catastrophic-despite-ceasefire-who-chief-says |title=Hunger crisis in Gaza is catastrophic despite ceasefire, WHO chief says • Al Jazeera, 23/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Kerzu 2025 e wellaas stad ar boued pa ne voe mui naonegezh na diouer bras a voued ; evelato, 27% eus ar boblañs a c'houzañve c'hoazh un diouer mallus a voued ha 50% a c'houzañve un diouer grevus&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/humanitarian-situation-update-351-gaza-strip |title=Humanitarian Situation Update #351 • ReliefWeb, 31/12/2025|accessdate=05/07/202631/12/2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159820/?iso3=PSE |title=Gaza Strip: Acute Food Insecurity Situation for 16 October - 30 November 2025 and Projection for 1/12/2025 - 15/04/2026 • IPC, 19/12/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E dibenn ar bloaz e savas aon rak an diouer a evezh hag a breder a-fet gwallvagadur, rak Israel he devoa skarzhet meur a AMG – ''Médecins Sans Frontières'' (MSF) en o zouez – eus Gaza ; an aozadurioù-se a sikoure da skañvaat ar gwallvagadur hag an naonegezh dre brederiañ bugale gwall naonek&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/inter-agency-standing-committee-iasc-statement-revoke-planned-international-ngo-ban-humanitarian-leaders-urge-israeli-authorities |title=Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Statement: Revoke planned international NGO ban, humanitarian leaders urge Israeli authorities • ReliefWeb, 01/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.medecinsdumonde.org/en/news/53-international-ngos-warn-israels-recent-registration-measures-will-impede-critical-humanitarian-action/ |title=53 International NGOs warn Israel's recent registration measures will impede critical humanitarian action • Médecins du Monde, 02/01/2026 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ouzhpenn da gement-se, Israel a gendalc'he da stankañ ar pourchas lod louzeier&lt;ref name=&quot;Alj&quot; /&gt;.

Goude tarzh [[Brezel Iran (2026)|brezel Iran]] e miz C'hwevrer 2026, Israel a c'hourlakaas en-dro meur a grennadur e Gaza : serriñ meur a zor ma tremene ar skoazell, ampellañ fiñvoù ABU, ampellañ distro an dud da C'haza, ampellañ ar skarzhañ gloazidi&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-middle-east-occupied-palestinian-territory-sudan |title=Today's top news: Middle East, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Sudan • UN OCHA, 02/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/1/israel-closes-gazas-rafah-crossing-amid-attacks-on-iran |title=Israel closes Gaza's Rafah crossing amid attacks on Iran • Aljazeera, 01/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Divroadegoù ret
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| image3 = An aerial photo of displaced Palestinians waiting in northern Nuseirat to return to their homes in Gaza.jpg
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| footer = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;'''A laez da draoñ hervez an heol'''
* Tud divroet o tistreiñ da gêr C'haza.
* Tud divroet o c'hedal e Nuseirat o distro d'ar gêr e Gaza.
* Tud divroet o vevañ e teltennoù en Al-Mawasi.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
Abaoe miz Here 2023 ez eus bet divroet 1,9 milion a dud, eleze tost da boblañs a-bezh Strizhenn Gaza, da heul urzhioù Israel da skarzhañ ; urzhioù digempoell, embannet e-kerzh bombezadegoù alies, o deus lezet trevourien hep hent pe bal. Meur a wezh ez eo bet arsailhet an takadoù dengar, endra edo Israel o stankañ ar skoazell hag o tistrujañ danframmoù, a pezh a zegasas naonegezh ha lec'hioù diannezadus. A-glev d'an holl, pennadurezhioù Israel a zisklêrias bout mennet da grennañ tiriad Gaza ha da skarzhañ Palestiniz anezhañ dre greñvaat lezennoù riñs kenelel ha skarzhañ dibaouez. An aozadur ''Human Rights Watch'' a lakaas politikerezh Israel a-fet divroadegoù ret d'un torfed-brezel ha d'un torfed enep mab-den&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/11/14/hopeless-starving-and-besieged/israels-forced-displacement-palestinians-gaza |title=&quot;Hopeless, Starving, and Besieged&quot; • Human Rights Watch, 14/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8ygyem84jo |title=Gaza: HRW accuses Israel of war crime with displacements • BBC News, 15/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gómez &amp; al., 2025, p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt;. Suafrika ha Stadoù all a gavas abeg e skarzhañ Strizhenn Gaza evel un elfenn bennañ er gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Jamshidi, 2024a, pp. 14–16.&lt;/ref&gt;}}. ''B'Tselem'' a veneg uhelidi Stad Israel o lavaret ez eo ar riñs kenelel &quot;ur pal kreizel er brezel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p. 47.&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 6 a viz Here 2024, Israel a lakaas Gaza an Norzh d'un dachenn-emgann hag a urzhias d'an drevourien divroañ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/10/06/world/israel-iran-hezbollah-lebanon |title=A new Israeli map labels nearly all of northern Gaza 'new evacuation zones • The New York Times, 06/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-launches-new-offensive-in-northern-gaza-orders-mass-evacuation-786f2fff |title=Israel Launches New Offensive in Northern Gaza, Orders Mass Evacuation • The Wall Street Journal, 06/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koulz an dielfennerien vilourel israelat hag an AMG ''Al Mezan Center for Human Rights'' e Jabaliya e Gaza a lavaras e oa kement-se pazenn gentañ raktres ar jeneral Giora Eiland evit rediañ Palestiniz da guitaat Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/world/evacuate-die-israel-generals-plan-north-gaza-3310922 |title='Evacuate or die': Israel moves towards 'general's plan' for north Gaza • The i Paper, 06/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ABU a lavaras e c'hellfe Israel bout atebek war &quot;distrujañ ar boblañs palestinat e rannvro hanternozelañ gouarnelezh Gaza dre varvioù ha divroadegoù&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-concerned-over-potential-destruction-palestinian-population-north-gaza |title=UN Human Rights Office is concerned over the potential destruction of the Palestinian population in north Gaza • ReliefWeb, 20/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E-kerzh harz-tennañ miz Genver 2025 e c'hallas tud divroet distreiñ d'ar gêr e Gaza an Norzh. Pa dorras Israel an harz-tennañ e miz Meurzh ec'h adkrogas da ordren divroadegoù. A-c'houde an argadenn war gêr C'haza (15/09 – 04/10/2025) e voe c'hoazh 1,2 milion a dud divroet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/202512_no_place_under_heaven_forced_displacement_in_the_gaza_strip_2023_2025 |title='No Place Under Heaven': Forced displacement in the Gaza Strip, 2023-2025 • B'Tselem|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Adalek tarzh ar brezel betek dibenn ar bloaz 2025, war-dro {{formatnum:100000}} a dud a dec'has diouzh Strizhenn Gaza. Lakaet kevret gant ar marvioù, kement-se zo un digresk a 6% e poblañs an tiriad&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/1/gaza-population-falls-6-percent-since-start-of-war-statistics-agency-says |title=Gaza population falls 6 percent since start of war, statistics agency says • Al Jazeera, 01/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Ekolazh
[[File:Tones of waste have accumulated near populated areas across Gaza posing catastrophic environmental and health risks. Children rummage through trash daily 7.jpg|thumb|Berniadoù lastez tost d'ar boblañs e Gaza a laka an endro hag ar yec'hed en arvar.]]
Drastet e voe an endro e Gaza gant bombezadegoù Israel : glasvez aet da get ; aer, dour ha douar kontammet ; danframmoù an dour hag ar vezegiezh distrujet. ABU hag aozadurioù all a laka an drougoù-se d'un &quot;ekolazh&quot; : meneziadoù atredoù ha lastez, dourioù lous chomet hep bout yac'husaet, ha saotradur pistrius. En abeg da se ez eus bet kleñvedoù, kudennoù [[skevent]], ha riskloù yec'hedel war hir dermen&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/israels-bombing-of-gaza-caused-untold-environmental-damage-recovery-will-take-effort-and-time-245311 |title=Israel's bombing of Gaza caused untold environmental damage − recovery will take effort and time • The Conversation, 27/02/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed et al.&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5021472 |title=From Ecocide to Genocide: A Call to Action for Scientists Globally to Address the Destruction in Gaza • Social Science Research Network, 18/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a zispleger en deus lavaret emañ an ekolazh mennet e kreiz ar gouennlazh gant Israel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/sep/27/israel-ecocide-gaza-bombs-agricultural-land-genocide |title=Israel's gecocide in Gaza sends this message: even if we stopped dropping bombs, you couldn't live here • The Guardian, 27/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.tni.org/en/article/ecocide-imperialism-and-palestine-liberation |title=Ecocide, Imperialism and Palestine Liberation • Transnational Institute, 17/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/ecocide-israels-deliberate-and-systematic-environmental-destruction-gaza  |title=Ecocide: Israel's Deliberate and Systematic Environmental Destruction in Gaza – occupied Palestinian territory • ReliefWeb, 30/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Helenneien o deus lavaret ez eo distrujañ an endro a skor ur boblañs – he dour, he douar hag he reizhiad bevañs ennañ – un ober a c'houennlazh pa c'hourlaka aozioù bevañ a zo jedet evit kas ar strollad da get, a-zarn pe a-bezh&lt;ref&gt;Genocide Convention, Mellad 2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol14/iss2/9/ |title=Ecocide Is Genocide: Decolonizing the Definition of Genocide • Genocide Studies and Prevention, 04/09/2020, levrenn 14, niverenn 2, pp. 104–121|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.hhrjournal.org/2025/07/29/a-destruction-of-the-conditions-for-life-report-on-genocide-in-gaza/ |title=A destruction of the conditions of life: Report on Genocide in Gaza • Health and Human Rights, 29/07/2025|access=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Distruj mennet danframmoù trevourel
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| image2 = Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023.jpg
| image3 = Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 29.jpg
| footer_align = left
| footer = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;'''A laez da draoñ hervez an heol'''
* Distrujoù e Rafah goude disparti Tsahal ha deroù an harz-tennañ.
* Distrujoù goude ur vombezadeg e karter El-Remal e kêr C'haza, 09/10/2023.
* Moged ha tan goude ma voe skoet un tour uhel e kêr C'haza.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
An istorourien Mark Levene hag Elyse Semerdjian a laka distrujoù an danframmoù e &quot;kelennadurezh Dahiya&quot; Tsahal, da lavaret eo distrujañ un niver bras a zanframmoù trevourel evit gwaskañ gouarnamant an enebour ; abaoe 2006 e vez lakaet ar gelennadurezh e pleustr e Strizhenn Gaza ; &quot;kêrlazh&quot; eo hervez M. Levene, hag ur benveg evit gouennlazhañ&lt;ref&gt;Levene, 2024, pp. 6-7 ; Semerdjian, 2024, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Here 2024, ar strollad enklaskerien ''Forensic Architecture'' e [[London]] a embanas : &quot;aozet, reizhiadet ha mennet eo taol-brezel Israel e Gaza evit distrujañ aozioù bevañ ha danframmoù ar vuhez&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/a-cartography-of-genocide |title=A Cartography of Genocide: Israel's Conduct in Gaza Since October 2023 • Forensic Architecture, 07/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Gouere 2025, ar gazetenn vreizhveurat ''The Guardian'' a embannas e oa peurzistrujet pe gwall vazaouet war-dro 70% eus danframmoù Gaza. Hervez ar c'heleier, Israel a baee betek {{formatnum:5000}} chekel ({{formatnum:1462.50}} €) da embregerezhioù dre savadur distrujet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jul/09/bulldzoer-gaza-genocide-idf-meta |title=Seeking bulldozer drivers to demolish Gaza: how a genocide is being outsourced • The Guardian, 09/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz C'hwevrer 2025 e voe embannet e oa marvet 15 bugel da vihanañ dre iswrester (re izel e oa gwrez o c'horf) e-kerzh ar goañv en abeg ma oa bet Israel o tistrujañ annezioù ha kreizennoù tredan&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-children-cold-death-3085913b482dc5e45edd221ceccb17b3 |title=Medics say 6 babies have died from the cold in Gaza as displaced people shelter in tents and rubble • Associated Press, 26/02/2025|accessdate=05/07/20265}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Mae 2025 e tisklêrias B. Netanyahou : &quot;emaomp o tistrujañ muioc'h-mui ag annezioù, ha tud Gaza n'o deus lec'h ebet da zistreiñ dezhañ. An disoc'h nemetañ hag a zle c'hoarvezout eo e fello d'an dud kuitaat Strizhenn Gaza.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p. 47.&lt;/ref&gt;.

En un danevell e miz Kerzu 2024, ''Human Rights Watch'' a damallas da Israel seveniñ ur gouennlazh e Gaza dre dagañ danframmoù an dour hag e buradur ha dre zibourvezañ Palestiniz diouzh moned davit dour. Hervez an danevell, Israel a wastas a-ratozh panelloù-heol a vage purlec'hioù, ur virlenn hag etrepaouezioù, a stankas rikoù-kempenn ha trelosk evit ar ganerioù, a droc'has rouedadoù an tredan, hag a arsailhas labourerien&lt;ref name=&quot;hrw-report&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/12/19/extermination-and-acts-genocide/israel-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza |title=Extermination and Acts of Genocide: Israel Deliberately Depriving Palestinians in Gaza of Water • Human Rights Watch, 19/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berg2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c75wqr0k3dyo |title=HRW accuses Israel of acts of genocide over Gaza water access • BBC News, 19/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ''B'Tselem'', Israel he deus distrujet 84% eus rouedad an dour e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p.35&lt;/ref&gt;, tra ma 'z embannas ar [[Bank-bed]], [[Unaniezh Europa]] hag ABU e oa bet distrujet pe wallgaset 89% eus danframmoù an dour hag ar yec'hederezh e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/133c3304e29086819c1119fe8e85366b-0280012025/original/Gaza-RDNA-final-med.pdf |title=Gaza and West Bank Interim Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment • World Bank, UE hag ABU, 02/2025, p. 37|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ABU a lakaas an argadennoù-se da &quot;ur rann bouezus e strategiezh ur gouennlazh&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/11/israel-attacks-palestine-water |title=Israelis attacked Palestinian water sources over 250 times in five years, data reveals • The Guardian, 11/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[File:Hamas territorial control in Gaza, January 2026.jpg|thumb|upright|{{legend|#227724|Tiriad reoliet gant Hamas}}{{legend|#fcf02e|Linenn Velen}}{{legend|#20c600|Tiriad reoliet gant Israel}}]]
Rezet eo bet Rafah, ur gêr e su Strizhenn Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-06-12/ty-article-magazine/.premium/rafah-is-gone-razed-to-the-ground-its-not-the-only-city-decimated-by-the-israeli-army/00000197-6506-db73-aff7-7d4ee6bb0000 |title=Rafah Is Gone. Razed to the Ground. And It's Not the Only City Wiped Out by the Israeli Army • Haaretz, 12/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ; an darn vrasañ eus an drast zo bet kaset da benn dre dourtañ ha distruj mestroniet savadurioù kentoc'h eget dre vombezadegoù&lt;ref name=&quot;nytrafah&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/05/15/world/middleeast/rafah-gaza-israel-damage.html |title=Gazans Once Escaped to Rafah. Now Israel is Razing It • The New York Times, 15/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Gouere 2025 ec'h embannas ar ''BBC'' e oa krog Israel da ziskar danframmoù trevourel, o terriñ Kenemglevioù Geneva&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCVerifyDemolitions&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-33fccfbe-abcc-4af1-bdd2-632b2787cf59 |title=Israel levelling thousands of Gaza civilian buildings in controlled demolitions • BBC News, 18/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ar ''BBC'' bepred, un degemennour eus Tsahal a lavaras edo &quot;Hamas hag aozadurioù sponter all o kuzhat rikoù milourel e takadoù ma 'z eo stank ar boblañs trevourel. Tsahal a anavez hag a zistruj danframmoù sponter a zo kuzhet e savadurioù lec'hiet en takadoù-hont.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCVerifyDemolitions&quot; /&gt;. E miz Du 2025, ar ''BBC'' a embannas e oa bet distrujet tremen {{formatnum:1500}} savadur all gant Tsahal e Gaza abaoe an harz-tennañ&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCCeasfireDemolitions&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0mxylxw48yo |title=Israel has destroyed more than 1,500 more buildings in Gaza since ceasefire • BBC News, 12/11/2025|accessate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ur vouezh aotreet e Tsahal a lavaras edo-hi oc'h ober diouzh framm an harz-tennañ, peogwir e c'hoarveze an distrujoù a-drek al Linenn Velen, eleze 53% eus Strizhenn Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCCeasfireDemolitions&quot; /&gt;.
;• Mirout a c'henel bugale
E miz Meurzh 2025, un enklask gant ABU a ziskouezas he devoa Stad Israel sevenet oberoù gouennlazhañ e Gaza dre zistrujañ en un doare reizhiadel an danframmoù genel bugale, en ur c'hourlakaat ur seziz a vire ouzh prederiañ brazezded, gwilioud ha bugale nevez-c'hanet, a pezh a zegas droug hep distro da gresk poblañs Palestiniz e Strizhenn Gaza. Kavet e voe ivez e oa bet distrujet a-ratozh gant Tsahal an ospital-frouezusted ''Al-Basma IVF Centre'', a sevene war-dro {{formatnum:2500}} hiliadur ''in vitro'' bep miz ; war-dro {{formatnum:4000}} krouell, {{formatnum:1000}} standilhon [[sper]] ha [[viell]]où a voe distrujet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/4000-ivf-embryos-destroyed-1-shelling-gazas-largest/story?id=109350404 |title=Over 4,000 IVF embryos destroyed in 1 shelling at Gaza's largest fertility center, director says • ABC News, 24/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/5000-lives-one-shell-gazas-ivf-embryos-destroyed-by-israeli-strike-2024-04-17/ |title=Gaza's IVF embryos destroyed by Israeli strike • Reuters, 17/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ne voe kavet prouenn ebet a-fet ratozhioù milourel. ABU a zedastumas e oa distrujañ an ospital &quot;un darbar mennet da virout ouzh Palestiniz a c'henel bugale e Gaza, ar pezh a zo un oberezh-gouennalazhañ&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent_International_Commission_Inquiry_2025_births&quot;&gt;Independent International Commission of Inquiry, 2025, p. 39.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV-March 13&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/genocidal-acts-un-slams-israels-attacks-on-gaza-reproductive-centres-7915048 |title=&quot;Genocidal Acts&quot;: UN Slams Israel's Attacks On Gaza Reproductive Centres • NDTV, 13/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Le Poidevin 2025a&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-experts-accuse-israel-genocidal-acts-sexual-violence-gaza-2025-03-13/ |title=UN experts accuse Israel of genocidal acts and sexual violence in Gaza • Reuters, 13/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ABU a embannas e oa bet Israel o tistrujañ danframmoù yec'hedel evit ar maouezi en un doare reizhiadel hag implijet ar feulster reizhel evel ur strategiezh er brezel, ar pezh a oa oberoù gouennlazhañ enep Palestiniz&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV-March 13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Le Poidevin 2025a&quot; /&gt;.

Hervez stadegoù digant Maodiernezh ar Yec'hed e Gaza, skignet gant an aozadur ''Physicians for Human Rights'' (&quot;Mezeien evit Gwirioù Mab-den&quot;), un digresk a 41% er ganedigezhioù zo bet e miz Mae ha miz Even 2025 e-keñver an hevelep mizioù e 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://phr.org/our-work/resources/destroying-hope-for-the-future-reproductive-violence-in-gaza/ |title=Destroying Hope for the Future: Reproductive Violence in Gaza • Physicians for Human Rights, 14/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Distruj reizhiadoù trevourel ha kevredigezhel ===
;• Argadennoù ouzh ar prederioù yec'hedel
{{Multiple image|
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| caption1 = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%:&quot;&gt;Distrujet e voe kreizenn yec'hedel Cheic'h Radwan an UNRWA, 02/2024.&lt;/div&gt;
| image2 = Palestinian Red Crescent Personnel inspect a destroyed ambulance in Deir el-Balah , Gaza Strip.jpg
| caption2 = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%:&quot;&gt;Tud eus ar [[Luskad Etrebroadel ar Groaz Ruz hag ar C'hreskloar Ruz|C'hreskloar Ruz]] palestinat oc'h ensellout ur c'hlañvgarr e Deir el-Balah.&lt;/div&gt;
}}
E miz Du 2023 e ''The Lancet'' hag e miz C'hwevrer 2024 e ''BMJ Global Health'', meur a vezeg a zisplegas dre ar munud penaos e oa ur gouennlazh eus distrujañ an danframmoù yec'hedel hag o labourerien e Gaza, kevret gant disklêriadennoù politikerien Israel&lt;ref&gt;Khwaja &amp; al., 2023, p. 1975 ; Hanbali &amp; al., 2024, p. e014942 ; Sathar, 2023, pp. 82–83 ; Sankar, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Arbennigourien war ar gwir etrebroadel zo savet a-du ganto&lt;ref&gt;Mahomed, 2023, pp. 77–79 ; Sultany, 2024, p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ret e voe da reizhiad yec'hedel Stad Palestina talañ ouzh enkadennoù denegour en abeg da argadegoù Israel : adalek an 23 a viz Here e krogas ospitalioù da serriñ o dorioù peogwir n'o devoa mui trelosk ebet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/24/gaza-hospital-generators-to-run-out-of-fuel-in-48-hours-health-ministry |title=Gaza hospital generators to run out of fuel in 48 hours: Health Ministry • Al Jazeera, 24/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/20262}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pa ne voe mui tredan en ospitalioù, meur a vabig a oa bet ganet a-raok an termen a varvas&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/live-updates/israel-gaza-hamas/3-premature-babies-die-at-gazas-alshifa-hospital-doctor-says-104834155?id=104617602  |title=3 premature babies die at Al-Shifa Hospital, doctor says • ABC News, 13/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/20261}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/dwindling-fuel-supplies-gazas-hospital-generators-put-premature-104211808 |title=Dwindling fuel supplies for Gaza's hospital generators put premature babies in incubators at risk • ABC News, 12/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Soni, 2023, p. 80.&lt;/ref&gt;. Kalz labourerien yec'hedel zo bet lazhet gant bombezadegoù Israel ; klañvgirri ha savadurioù yec'hedel zo bet distrujet ivez&lt;ref name=&quot;Healthcare destroyed&quot;&gt;Romo, 2023 : Debre, 2023b ; Picheta&amp; al., 2023 ; Baker, 2023 ; Kekatos &amp; Beaule, 2023 ; Basu, 2023 ; Moolla &amp; Jacub, 2024, p. e1691 ; Sultany, 2024, p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;. ''Médecins Sans Frontières'' a embannas e oa bet gwallgaset pe zistrujet un niver bras a glañvgirri hag a zanframmoù yec'hedel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-inflicts-catastrophic-damage-infrastructure-economy-2023-11-17/#:~:text=HOSPITALS%20AND%20SCHOOLS&amp;text=OCHA%20said%2055%20ambulances%20in,of%20drugs%20and%20blood%20products |title=Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy • Reuters, 17/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities |title=Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities • Al Jazeera, 12/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ha lazhet e oa bet skipailh MSF&lt;ref&gt;Médecins Sans Frontières, 2023, 2024b ; Khan &amp; Tinua, 2024, pp. 805–806.&lt;/ref&gt;. MYG a lavaras e oa aet ar reizhiad yec'hedel da get&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/24/10/2023/healthcare-system-in-gaza-has-totally-collapsed |title=Healthcare system in Gaza has 'totally collapsed' • The Peninsula Qatar, 24/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Ebrel 2024, ABU a zisklêrias e kendalc'he distruj ar reizhiad yec'hedel da sevel betek kementadoù a chome c'hoazh da vout muzuliet&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Monitor-2024-04-22&quot; /&gt;.

E miz C'hwevrer 2025, 160 labourer yec'hedel da vihanañ zo bac'het gant Israel hep mar ebet, ha 24 all zo diank goude bout bet dilamet diouzh ospitalioù e Gaza. Rener ospital Al-Shifa a voe bac'het e-pad 7 mizvezh ha lakaet en e frankiz hep tamall ebet ; displegañ a eure war ar gwallgaserezh en devoa gouzañvet, ha lavaret a reas ne doa devezh ebet hep boureverezh er bac'hoù israelat&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/feb/25/more-than-160-gazan-medics-held-in-israeli-prisons-amid-reports-of-torture |title=More than 160 Gazan medics held in Israeli prisons amid reports of torture • The Guardian, 25/02/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Distruj lec'hiennoù sevenadurel, relijiel ha desavadurel ====
{{Multiple image|
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| image1 = A mosque destroyed in the Jabalia area of the Gaza Strip.jpg
| image2 = Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 16.jpg
| image3 = غزة، مركز رشاد الشوا (1) غزة بعد الحرب 23-25.jpg
| footer_align = left
| footer = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;'''A laez da draoñ hervez an heol'''
* Ur voskeenn vombezet, 20/02/2025.
* Distruj ar Rashad Shawa Cultural Center.
* Ur voskeen e Khan Younis, 08/10/2023.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
''Amnesty International'' a verk kement-mañ : &quot;evit bout ma n'emañ ket distrujañ glad pe hêrezh istorel, sevenadurel ha relijiel berzet gant ar CPPCG, al Lez-varn etrebroadel he deus stadet e c'hall hevelep distrujoù anataat e klasker distrujañ ar strollad pa vezont mennet&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. An ensavadur ''Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention'' en deus lavaret ez eus diskouezet ur mennad da c'houennlazhañ gant distruj a-ratozh beredoù e Gaza peogwir e klask &quot;diverkañ bezañs istorel ur bobl&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;whywecall&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/statement-on-why-we-call-the-israeli-attack-on-gaza-genocide |title=Statement on Why We Call the Israeli Attack on Gaza Genocide • Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 29/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Abaoe ar 7 a viz Here 2023, tamallet ez eus bet da Dsahal ober gant re greñv un nerzh a-enep daouzegadoù a skolioù&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/24/how-israel-has-destroyed-gazas-schools-and-universities |title=How Israel has destroyed Gaza's schools and universities • Al Jazeera, 24/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/gaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-hospitals-and-schools-crimes-against-humanity |title=Gaza: UN experts decry bombing of hospitals and schools as crimes against humanity, call for prevention of genocide • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 19/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, laerezh&lt;ref&gt;Kottasová &amp; al., 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;, disakrerezh, mac'hagn Palestiniz varv&lt;ref name=&quot;Salman &amp; Khadder 2023&quot;/&gt;, ha chom hep diforc'hañ etre soudarded Hamas ha trevourien&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2023 ; Gvaryahu, 2024 ; Marsi &amp; Mohamed, 2024b ; Bateman, 2024 ; Sultany, 2024, pp. 11–12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-as-israeli-attacks-wipe-out-entire-families-in-gaza/ |title=Damning evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza • Amnesty International, 20/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/20265 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/06/1151196 |title=Laws of war likely 'consistently violated' in Israeli strikes on Gaza: UN rights office • UN News, 19/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Da oberoù gouennlazh ivez ez eo bet lakaet an tagañ lec'hiennoù sevenadurel ha desavadurel, koulz hag implijout [[fosfor]] gwenn (P&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, un danvez tangwaller)&lt;ref&gt;Üngör, 2024, p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/human-rights-watch-says-israel-used-white-phosphorous-gaza-lebanon-2023-10-12/ |title=Human Rights Watch says Israel used white phosphorus in Gaza, Lebanon • Reuters, 13/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'an 18 a viz ebrel 2024, ABU a gondaonas Israel en abeg d'he &quot;''scholasticide''&quot; – un [[nevezc'her]] evit &quot;distrujañ an danframmoù desavadurel&quot; – e Gaza, pa oa bet distrujet dreist 80% eus ar skolioù ha lazhet {{formatnum:5000}} skoliad(ez), 261 mestr(ez)-skol ha daouzegadoù a gelennerien ha kelennerezed&lt;ref name=&quot;scholasticide&quot; /&gt;.

''Amnesty International'' a gadarnaas da nebeutañ 4 darvoudenn ma ne oa ezhomm milourel hollret ebet da zistrujañ lec'hiennoù sevenadurel ha relijiel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, p. 216.&lt;/ref&gt; : distruj kampus Al-Mughraqa ar skol-veur Al-Azhar, kampus Al-Zahra ar skol-veur Israa, moskeenn Al-Dhilal ha bered Bani Suheila e Khan Younis, ha moskeenn Al-Istiqlal e Khan Younis ivez&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, pp. 222–233.&lt;/ref&gt;. E videoioù war ar media sokial, ''Amnesty International'' a ziskouezas emzalc'h soudarded israelat en distrujoù-se evit prouiñ e oa ur ratozh gouennlazh ; an aozadur a verkas ivez pegen niverus e oa al lec'hiennoù sevenadurel, istorel ha relijiel a zo bet freuzet e Gaza, an dielldi-kreiz en o zouez&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024, pp. 216–219.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Genver 2025 e voe kontet e oa bet distrujet 815 moskeenn ha 19 bered gant Tsahal e brezel Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/nearly-1000-mosques-gaza-damaged-destroyed-israel |title=Nearly 1,000 mosques in Gaza damaged, destroyed by Israel • The New Arab, 05/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Even 2025, ABU a embannas he devoa Israel sevenet an torfed a ziouennañ, anezhañ un torfed a-enep mab-den, p'he devoa lazhet trevourien o devoa kavet repu e skolioù hag e lec'hiennoù relijiel ; hervez an danevell, Israel he devoa freuzet tremen 90% eus ar savadurioù desevadurel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Bukañ strolladoù resis ===
;• Desaverien
Anzavet gant gouezeien evel un elfenn eus gouennlazh Gaza ez eo bet lazhañ desaverien ha distrujañ danframmoù desevadurel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14767724.2025.2577694 |title=The banality of scholasticide: the role of universities and academia in an age of genocide • Globalisation, Societies and Education, 11/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2025/11/25/scholasticide-in-gaza-settler-colonial-elimination-genocide-and-the-crisis-of-academic-responsibility/ |title=Scholasticide in Gaza: Settler Colonial Elimination, Genocide, and the Crisis of Academic Responsibility • E-International Relations, 25/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Da skorañ he ratozhiad e 2025, ma tisklêrie e kenglote politikerezh hag obererezh Israel e Gaza gant termenadur lezennel ur gouennlazh, an IAGS a skrivas &quot;Israel he deus distrujet skolioù, skolioù-meur, levraouegoù, mirdioù ha dielloù, an holl anezho ret evit ma kendalc'hfe hevoud hag hevelebiezh holl Balestiniz&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;IAGSResolution&quot; /&gt;.

ABU a c'houlakaas e oa &quot;ur striv a-zevri evit distrujañ ar reizhiad desavadurel palestinat, un ober a anver &quot;''scholasticide''&quot;. [An argadennoù] a ziskouez ur reizhiad feulster mennet da freuzañ diazez ar gevredigezh palestinat&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;scholasticide&quot; /&gt;.

Er c'hlemm a lakaas el Lez-varn Etrebroadel ma tamallas gouennlazh da Stad Israel, Suafrika a venegas distruj peder skol-veur ha lazh ar c'helenner meur Sufian Tayeh – kadoriad ar Skol-veur [[Islam]]ek) e Gaza (SVIG), lazh Ahmed Hamdi Abo Absa – dean rann ar sevel [[meziant]]où e Skol-veur Palestina, lazh Muhammad Eid Shabir – kelenner war an immunologiezh hag ar virologiezh, ez-kadoriad SVIG, ha lazh Refaat Alareer – [[barzh]] ha kelenner war al [[lennegezh|c'heverata lizheregel]] hag ar c'hrouiñ skridoù er SVIG&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ-2023-12-29&quot; /&gt;.

Hervez enklaskerien e skol-veur Birzeit e Strizhenn Gaza a lavaras e oa &quot;mennet ha reizhiadel [...] 94 kelenner a voe buket ha lazhet gant an aloubadeg israelat&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://pomeps.org/the-hidden-war-on-higher-education-unmasking-the-educide-in-gaza |title=The Hidden War on Higher Education: Unmasking the 'Educide' in Gaza • Project on Middle East Political Science, pp. 8–13|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;Kazetennerien
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:230px; font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
| [[File:Hossam_Shabat.jpg|220px|center]]
|-
| &lt;hr&gt;&quot;Dre ar yezh e c'heller gwennañ ur gouennlazh. Unan eus an abegoù ma vezomp c'hoazh bombezet goude 243 devezh eo ''The New York Times'' hag ar braz eus media ar C'hornôg.&quot; – Hossam Shabat (2001-2025), ur c'hazetenner palestinat a voe tamallet dezhañ bout un ezel da Hamas hep prouenn ebet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.972mag.com/israel-gaza-journalists-hamas-hasbara/ |title=Israeli army unit tasked with linking Gaza journalists to Hamas • +972 Magazine, 2025/08/14|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ha lazhet d'ar 24 a viz Meurzh 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/2025/03/cpj-denounces-israels-killing-of-2-more-gaza-journalists-in-return-to-war/ |title=CPJ denounces Israel's killing of 2 more Gaza journalists in return to war • Committee to Protect Journalists, 24/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
|}
Aozadurioù evit frankiz ar c'hazetennerezh ha strolladoù dengar o deus lakaet lazh reizhiadel kazetennerien e Gaza d'un elfenn eus ar gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://pchrgaza.org/pchr-launches-report-on-assassination-of-truth-killing-of-journalists-amid-genocide-in-gaza/ |title=PCHR Launches Report on &quot;Assassination of Truth: Killing of Journalists amid Genocide in Gaza&quot; • Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, 08/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An ''International Federation of Journalists'' (IFJ) a embannas e oa bet lazhet 56 labourer(ez) er media e 2025 hepken, un darn eus ar &quot;brezel-gouennlazh e Gaza&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ifj.org/media-centre/news/detail/category/press-releases/article/israel-two-years-of-killing-journalists-and-controlling-the-narrative-in-gaza |title=Israel: Two years of killing journalists and controlling the narrative in Gaza • International Federation of Journalists, 07/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Suafrika a venegas en he c'hlemm e veze lazhet &quot;kalz muioc'h a gazetennerien balestinat eget e kement brezel a zo bet er 100 vloaz tremenet&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ-2023-12-29&quot; /&gt;.

Tamallet ez eus bet da Dsahal bukañ war-eeun kazetennerien ha media en desped d'ur panellerezh anat ha da zarbaroù gwareziñ. ''Al Jazeera'' a embannas e oa bet lazhet 278 kazetenner(ez) ha 706 ezel eus o ziegezhioù a-kerzh ar &quot;brezel-gouennlazh&quot; abaoe miz Here 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{en }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/12/28/israel-kills-over-700-relatives-of-palestinian-journalists-in-gaza-report  |title=Israel kills over 700 relatives of Palestinian journalists in Gaza: Report • Al Jazeera, 28/12/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Akila&quot;&gt;{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://pchrgaza.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Report-on-the-Targeting-of-Journalists.pdf |title=Eliminating Witnesses on Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing Crimes in the Gaza Strip •  Palestinian Center for Human Rights, 2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

En ur studiadenn gant ar skol-veur ''Brown University'' e [[Providence]] e lenner ez eo bet lazhet gant Israel muioc'h a gazetennerien e Gaza abaoe miz Here 2023 eget e [[Brezel diabarzh Stadoù-Unanet Amerika]], er [[Brezel-bed kentañ]], en [[Eil Brezel-bed]], e [[Brezel Korea]], e [[Brezel Viêt Nam]], e brezelioù e [[Yougoslavia]] er [[bloavezhioù 1900]] ha [[bloavezhioù 2000|2000]] hag e brezhelioù [[Afghanistan]] goude [[gwalldaolioù an 11 a viz Gwengolo 2001]], an holl lakaet a-gevret&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://costsofwar.watson.brown.edu/sites/default/files/papers/Turse_Costs-of-War_The-Reporting-Graveyard-4-2-25.pdf |title=News graveyards: How dangers to war reporters endanger the world. • Brown University, 2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/09/01/nx-s1-5521944/news-outlets-call-for-safety-of-journalists-covering-the-war-in-gaza |title=Media outlets demand Israel grant access to Gaza, halt attacks on journalists there • NPR, 01/09/2025|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ar Poellgor evit Gwareziñ Kazetennerien (''Committee to Protect Journalists'', CPJ) a verkas e vez &quot;Israel o seveniñ ar striv marvusañ ha mennetañ evit lazhañ kazetennerien hag o lakaat da devel a zo bet teuliaouet gant ar CPJ&quot;, hag e oa &quot;kazetennerien e Gaza o lavaret e oant bet gourdrouzet a-raok ma vefe lazhet izili eus o familhoù&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/issue/israel-gaza-war/ |title=Israel-Gaza War • CPJ|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web |title=Israeli military accused of targeting journalists and their families in Gaza |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/21/israel-idf-accused-targeting-journalists-gaza • The Guardian, 21/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

En un degouezh enrollet gant al Lez-kastizañ Etrebroadel (ICC), an aozadur ''Reporters Sans Frontières'' (RSF) a damallas da Dsahal bukañ ha lazhañ 7 kazetenner e Gaza etre an 22 a viz Here hag ar 15 a viz Kerzu 2023. Un torfed-brezel eo bukañ kazetennerien hervez mellad 8 Statud [[Roma]] al Lez-varn, bet sinet d'ar 17 a viz Gouere [[1998]] ha lakaet e pleustr e [[2002]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/22/rsf-files-second-war-crimes-complaint-with-icc-over-gaza-journalists-killed |title=RSF files second war crimes complaint with ICC over Gaza journalists killed • Al Jazeera, 22/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ar Greizenn Balestinat evit Gwirioù Mab-den (''Palestinian Centre for Human Rights'', PCHR) a lavar ez eo al lazhoù-se un doare da abafaat ar gazetennerien ha d'o dibennadiñ a ziskuliañ ar pezh a vez o c'hoarvezout&lt;ref name=&quot;Akila&quot; /&gt;.
;• Labourerien yec'hedel
Lakaet eo bet lazhañ labourerien yec'hedel d'un elfenn bouezus eus ar gouennlazh ; &quot;''medicide''&quot;&quot; (&quot;mezeglazh&quot;) a vez graet a-wezhioù eus kement-se : implijout nerzh milourel ha politikerezh ur Stad evit distrujañ en un doare reizhiadel danframmoù yec'hedel ur gevredigezh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.map.org.uk/latest/news/1772-two-healthcare-workers-killed-every-day-on-average-during-israelas-genocide-in-gaza/ |title=Two healthcare workers killed every day on average during Israel's genocide in Gaza • Medical Aid for Palestinians, 07/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/two-healthcare-workers-killed-every-day-average-during-israels-genocide-gaza |title=Two healthcare workers killed every day on average during Israel's genocide in Gaza - occupied Palestinian territory • ReliefWeb, 06/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

An aozadur ''Physicians for Human Rights – Israel'' (&quot;Mezeien evit Gwrioù Mab-den&quot;, skourr Israel) en deus lavaret n'o deus lazh ha bac'hadur tremen {{formatnum:1800}} labourer yec'hedel efed ebet war ar brezel, hogen mennet int da stlabeziñ ar gouester mezegel ha da lakaat ar pareañ da hogozik dic'hallus, ha kement-se a genglot gant dezverkoù ur gouennlazj&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/b-tselem-and-physicians-for-human-rights-israel-israel-is-committing |title=B'Tselem and Physicians for Human Rights Israel: Israel is committing genocide in the Gaza Strip • International Federation for Human Rights, 28/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

ABU a zisklêrias e oa ur &quot;''medicide''&quot;&quot;» eus an argadeg war an danframmoù yec'hedel e Gaza, hag un elfenn eus ur gouennalazh war seveniñ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://dirco.gov.za/statement-by-minister-ronald-lamola-minister-of-international-relations-and-cooperation-to-the-meeting-of-the-joint-portfolio-committee-on-international-relations-and-cooperation-and-the-portfolio-co/ |title=Statement by Minister Ronald Lamola, Minister of International Relations and Cooperation to the Meeting of the Joint Portfolio Committee on International Relations and Cooperation and the Portfolio Committee on Justice and Constitutional Development, Wednesday, 10 September 2025, Cape Town • DIRCO, 10/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2025-01-06-unmatched-cruelty-in-gaza-while-world-celebrates-the-new-year/ |title=Unmatched cruelty in Gaza while world celebrates the new year • The Mail &amp; Guardian, 06/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Prezeg akademek ha lezennel ==
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
! &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Respontoù d'ar goulenn : &quot;Penaos e termenfec'h taol-brezel Israel e Gaza ?&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;lakaet da helenneien arbennik war ar [[Reter-Nesañ]], 31 a viz Genver – 19 a viz C'hwevrer 2025&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MESB 2025&quot;/&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
----
|-
|
* 46% : &quot;Gouennlazh&quot;.
* 36% : &quot;Torfedoù-brezel kar d'ur gouennlazh&quot;.
* 9% : &quot;Torfedoù-brezel hogen n'int ket kar d'ur gouennlazh&quot;.
* 4% : &quot;Oberoù mezhus hogen n'int ket torfedoù-brezel&quot;.
* 4% : &quot;Oberoù reizh hervez ar gwir d'em zifenn&quot;.
* 2% : &quot;Ne ouzon ket&quot;.
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Notenn :''' 101 eo sammad an dregantadoù abalamour d'ar rontaat.&lt;/small&gt;
|}
Kreskiñ a ra ar c'henglev e metoù arbennigourien war ar gouennlazhoù hag ar Shoah, arbennigourien war ar gwir etrebroadel, aozadurioù dengar ha gouarnamantoù evit lavaret ez eus ur gouennlazh eus oberoù Israel e Gaza ; distroadañ an tamall a ra Israel hag hec'h aduidi&lt;ref&gt;Mohyeldin &amp; Hamdan, 2024 ; Komnenic, 2023 ; Sultany, 2024, p. 4 ; Swart, 2025, p. 689 ; Bouranova, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MESB 2025&quot; /&gt;.

=== Gouennlazh, sionouriezh ha ''nakba'' ===
Palestiniz o deus gouverket a liamm a vefe etre ar gouennlazh e Gaza ha feulster politikel ar sionouriezh, ouzh e lakaat da heuliad an ''nakba'', a zo bepred o c'hoarvezout&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} Eghbariah, Rabea. ''Toward Nakba As A Legal Concept''. In : ''Columbia Law Review'', levrenn 124, niverenn 4, Mae 2024, {{Cite web|url=https://columbialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/May-2024-1-Eghbariah.pdf |title=pp. 887-991|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Khalidi, 2024 ; Al Jazeera English, 2024 ; Khalidi, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAjmHHt8Fk4 |title=Noura Erakat Addresses the UN in Commemoration of the 77th Anniversary of the Nakba • YouTube, 16/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/physical-destruction-in-whole-or-in-part/ |title=Physical Destruction in Whole or in Part • n+1, 14/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Massad, 2023, 2025a, 2025b&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2025.2556589 |title=Five Pillars of Zionist Genocidal Apparatus: A Palestinian Problematization of Genocide Studies • Journal of Genocide Research, 2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} El-Kurd, Mohammed. ''Perfect Victims and the Politics of Appeal''. Chicago : Haymarket, 2025, p. 11 {{ISBN|979-8-88890-315-5}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Lod helenneien a lavar n'eo ar gouennlazh e Gaza nemet pazenn diwezhañ ur &quot;gouennlazh gorrek&quot; a voe boulc'het gant an ''nakba'' ha skarzhadur kantadoù a viliadoù a Balestiniz e 1948, pa voe staliet Stad Israel&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, 2025b, p. 2 ; LeVine, 2025, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/four-facts-about-israel%E2%80%99s-genocide |title=Four Facts about Israel's Genocide • Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 18/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Hervez ''B'Tselem'' hag aozadurioù all e c'hoarvez ar gouennlazh e-kerzh 75 bloavezh a feulster a-berzh ar sionouriezh trevadenner hag an &quot;dreistbeli yuzev&quot; (ar gredenn ma 'z eo ar bobl yuzev trec'h da forzh pe bobl all)&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p. 5 ; O'Brien, 2025 ; Nijim, 2024 ; Repo, 2024 ; Sorek, 2025 ; Lederman, 2024, pp. 1–2, 5.&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a helenneg a lavar ez eo an [[trevadennouriezh|drevadennouriezh]] ur broud pouezus en oberoù Israel&lt;ref&gt;Segal, 2023 ; Lederman, 2024, pp. 1–2, 5 ; Abdo, 2024, p. 1 ; Shaw, 2024, p. 1 ; Üngör, 2024, pp. 3–4, 5–6 ; Albanese, 2024a, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;. An istorour israelat Raz Segal ha ''B'Tselem'' a c'houverk emañ levezon an dreistbeli yuzev o pouezañ mui-ouzh-mui war politikerezh Israel&lt;ref&gt;Segal, 2025, p. 182 ; B'Tselem, 2025, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;, pa c'houverk ivez Francesca Albanese eus ABU hag ar c'helenner Amos Goldberg eus Jeruzalem ar raktres anvet ''Greater Israel'' ([[hebraeg]] : '''ארץ ישראל השלמה''' ''Eretz Yisrael HaShlema'', &quot;Tiriad klok Israel&quot;), eleze eus an [[Nil]] er Su d'an [[Eufrates]] en Norzh&lt;ref&gt;Albanese, 2024a, p. 4 ; Albanese, 2024b, pp. 20–22 ; Goldberg, 2024, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Studiadennoù a-zivout Gouennlazh ha Shoah ===
E miz Mae 2025, ar gazetenn [[izelvroat]] ''NRC'' a embannas e oa souezhet gant unvouezh an helenneien bennañ arbennigour war ar gouennlazhoù o lavaret e veze sevenet ur gouennlazh gant Israel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;van Laarhoven &amp; al., 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ; lod helenneien all avat a lavaras n'edo ket Israel oc'h ober&lt;ref&gt;Goda &amp; Herf, 2025 ; Cohen, 2024 ; Segal, 2024, pp. 62–66 ; Klein, 2025, pp. 1–7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Lod all c'hoazh o deus lavaret e rankfed lakaat oberoù Israel d'ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;van Laarhoven &amp; al., 2025 ; Klein, 2025, pp. 1–7 ; Segal, 2024, pp. 62–66.&lt;/ref&gt; en ur venegiñ a-douez traoù all an argadegoù ouzh an danframmoù, ar boued hag an dour&lt;ref&gt;Semerdjian, 2024a, p. 3 ; Samudzi, 2024, pp. 6–7 ; Stacey, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;. Omer Bartov, ur c'helenner war ar Shoah hag ar gouennlazhoù er ''Brown University'' hag un ez-ofiser e Tsahal, a lavaras &quot;ar mennad zo bet embannet a-glev d'an holl gant meur a atebeg hag a vleiner. Ur mennad avat a c'hall bout dezastumet diwar ur reizhiad oberoù war an dachenn, ha splann e voe ar reizhiad-se e miz Mae 2024&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bartov 2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/15/opinion/israel-gaza-holocaust-genocide-palestinians.html |title=I'm a Genocide Scholar. I Know It When I See It. • The New York Times, 15/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Daou istorour war ar Shoah e Jeruzalem a verkas kement-mañ : &quot;an darn vuiañ eus an oberoù en ur gouennlazh zo evit o sevenerien oberoù evit em zifenn a-enep o gouzañvidi&quot; hag &quot;evel-henn eo ar brezel e Gaza&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-01-30/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/theres-no-auschwitz-in-gaza-but-its-still-genocide/00000194-b8af-dee1-a5dc-fcff384b0000 |title=There's no Auschwitz in Gaza. But it's still genocide • Haaretz, 30/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'an 31 a viz Eost 2025, an IAGS a embannas ur ratozhiad ma lakaas Israel da c'houennlazherez e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;IAGSReuters&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IAGSResolution&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/01/israel-committing-genocide-in-gaza-worlds-top-scholars-on-the-say |title=Israel committing genocide in Gaza, world's top scholars on the crime say • The Guardian, 01/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Arbennigourien war ar gwir ha war gwirioù mab-den ===
E miz Kerzu 2029, Luis Moreno Campo, anezhañ un ez-pennprokulor en ICC, a zisklêrias da ''Al Jazeera'' e oa seziz Gaza un doare gouennlazh pa c'hourlakae Israel aozioù bevañ a gasfe da varv Palestiniz&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/upfront/2023/12/1/former-icc-chief-prosecutor-israels-siege-of-gaza-is-a-genocide |title=Former ICC chief prosecutor: Israel's siege of Gaza is a 'genocide' • Al Jazeera, 01/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Kerzu, meur a arbennigour war ar vezegiezh etrebroadel hag ar skoazell zengar a embannas e ''The Lancet'' gouzavadennoù nevez a-zivout ar riskl a c'houennlazh, en ur zisplegañ dre ar munud penaos e vefe marvioù en abeg da Israel o stankañ pep skoazell zengar, ha penaos e kendalc'hfe feur ar marvioù da washaat. Goulenn a rejont digant sinerien ar CPPCG staliañ un harz-tennañ e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Sultany, 2024, p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a zisklêriadenn foran digant kazetennoù hag aozadurioù akademek o deus gouzavet a-zivout ur gouennlazh hag a savas a-enep dezhañ&lt;ref name=&quot;twailr&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Segal &amp; Daniele, 2024, pp. 5–6 ; Narea &amp; Samuel, 2023 ; Johnson, 2023 ; Segal, 2023 ; International State Crime Initiative, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web||url=https://mesana.org/advocacy/letters-from-the-board/2024/03/11/mesa-board-joint-statement-with-caf-regarding-the-ongoing-genocidal-violence-against-the-palestinian-people-and-their-cultural-heritage-in-gaza |title=MESA Board Joint Statement with CAF regarding the ongoing genocidal violence against the Palestinian people and their cultural heritage in Gaza • Middle East Studies Association, 11/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Genver 2024, meur a Israelad pennañ a gasas da Bennprokulor Israel ha da Brokulor ar Stad ul lizher digor ma rojont skouerioù eus &quot;ar prezeg netraiñ, skarzhañ ha digoll&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graham-Harrison &amp; Kierszenbaum 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/03/israeli-public-figures-accuse-judiciary-of-ignoring-incitement-to-genocide-in-gaza |title=Israeli public figures accuse judiciary of ignoring incitement to genocide in Gaza • The Guardian, 03/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar sinerien a skrivas edo reizhiad barnerezhel Israel o tianavezout ar broudañ d'ar gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Graham-Harrison &amp; Kierszenbaum 2024&quot; /&gt;. E miz Genver 2024, an helenneg stadunanat John Mearsheimer, a zo un arbennigour war ar politikerezh hag an darempredoù etrebroadel, a skrivas e oa bet o krediñ e oa Israel atebek war dorfedoù-brezel sirius e-pad daou vizvezh kentañ ar brezel betek diwezh an harz-tennañ e 2023, pa voe anat dezhañ edo pennadurezhioù Israel o klask distrujañ un darn heverk eus ar boblañs palestinat&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://mearsheimer.substack.com/p/genocide-in-gaza |title=Genocide in Gaza • John's Substack, 04/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar [[Kanada|C'hanadian]] William Schabas, a zo un arbennigour war ar gwir kastizel etrebroadel&lt;ref&gt;Currie, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;, a lavaras e oa klemm Suafrika an degouezh kreñvañ a-fet gouennlazh el Lez-varn Etrebroadel a-douez an holl zegouezhioù nevez, en ur venegiñ freuz danframmoù e Gaza, politikerien Israel o lakaat Palestiniz da &quot;loened denel&quot; ha mennad Israel da zilemel an tredan, an dour hag ar prederioù mezegel diganto&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/genocide-convention-william-schabas-1.7249721 |title=International laws against genocide exist: so why don't they work? • CBC/Radio-Canada, 28/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/monde/moyen-orient/821121/y-il-genocide-gaza |title=Le déchirement autour du mot « génocide » • Le Devoir, 04/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2024-01-10/south-africa-accuses-israel-of-genocide-everything-we-know-about-the-case |title=South Africa accuses Israel of genocide: Everything we know about the landmark court case  • ITV, 10/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 26 a viz Genver 2024, al Lez-varn Etrebroadel a embannas ur rakdisentez ma lavaras e oa gwirheñvel ar gwirioù meneget gant Suafrika, hag urzh a roas da Israel da gemer kement diarbenn a c'hall evit mirout na c'hoarvezfe ur gouennlazh, evit herzel ouzh pep atiz d'ar gouennlazh hag e gastizañ, ha da aotren ar skoazell zengar e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Donoghue&quot;&gt;Donoghue, 2024, 5:10.&lt;/ref&gt;. Barner lez-varn uhelañ Israel a savas enep ar muianiver a lakae ar gouennlazh da wirheñvel pa skrivas ne oa ket bet prouet gant Suafrika e oa mennet Israel da seveniñ ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/case/192 |title=Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel), Separate Opinion of Judge ad hoc Barak • ICJ, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 15 a viz Mae 2024, un danevell gant 5 skol-veur (4 e SUA hag 1 e Suafrika) a gavas e oa bet sevenet oberoù gouennlazhañ e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Bouranova&quot;&gt;Bouranova, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.humanrightsnetwork.org/publications/genocide-in-gaza |title=Genocide in Gaza: Analysis of International Law and its Application to Israel's Military Actions since October 7, 2023 • University Network for Human Rights, 15/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. En un atersadenn e miz Mae 2024 ivez, unan eus kendiazezerien ''Human Rights Watch'' a zisplegas penaos e c'heller kendastum ur gouennlazh eus ar skoazell zengar berzet gant Israel hag an naonegezh a c'hoarvezas da-heul e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Zakaria, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 1{{añ}} a viz Even 2024, ar c'helenner Daniel-Erasmus Khan war ar gwir etrebroadel a lavaras ne oa ket anat e oa mennet Israel da seveniñ ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125155540/https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/ausland/israel-vorwurf-voelkermord-palaestinenser-gericht-gazastreifen-100.html |title=Krieg in Gaza: Was Gerichte zum Völkermord-Vorwurf sagen (&quot;Brezel e Gaza : ar pezh a lavar al lezioù-barn a-fed an tamall a c'houennlazh&quot;) • ZDF heute, 01/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. En hevelep miz, un danevell gant an ''University Network for Human Rights'' hag ar ''Boston University School of Law'' a gavas e oa bet sevenet oberoù gouennlazhañ gant Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;Bouranova&quot; /&gt;. E komzoù frank bet embannet e miz Eost 2024, an alvokad stadunanat Eli M. Rosenbaum, ez-rener Burev an Enklaskoù arbennik e Maodiernezh ar Justis e SUA, a skrivas ne oa ket ur gouennlazh eus oberoù Israel e Gaza peogwir e klaskent &quot;mirout ouzh Hamas a seveniñ ur gouennlazh&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/08/11/the-big-lie-of-genocide-gaza-seven-experts-on-nazi-genocide-expose-the-canard-of-israeli-crimes/ |title=The big lie of genocide &amp; Gaza: Seven experts on Nazi genocide expose the canard of Israeli 'crimes' • 11/08/2024|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Here 2024, an arbennigour [[iwerzhon]]at war ar gwir Conor Gearty a reas &quot;gouennlazherez&quot; eus Stad Israel en abeg d'an argadennoù ouzh skolioù hag ospitalioù ha d'an diouer a enklaskoù gant ar pennadurezhioù e diabarzh ar Stad evit gouzout ha torfedoù a oa bet sevenet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://conorgearty.co.uk/2024/10/homeland-insecurity-launch-lse-24-october-2024/ |title=Homeland Insecurity. Launch LSE 24 October 2024 • Conor Gearty, 26/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Grietje Baars ha José Manuel Barreto, daou alvokad etrebroadel e London, o deus disklêriet e oa bet gwallgaset an urzh hag al lezennoù etrebroadel gant ar fed m'he deus nac'het ar gumuniezh etrebroadel ober &quot;gouennlazh&quot; eus oberoù Israel ha respont en doare a zere, ar pezh en deus lakaet war wel gwander ar gouarnerezh etrebroadel&lt;ref name=&quot;Baars 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://criticallegalthinking.com/2024/02/19/the-uses-of-marxist-theory-of-law-during-a-genocide/ |title=The uses of Marxist theory of law during a genocide • 19/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Barreto 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://opiniojuris.org/2024/10/08/rethinking-international-law-after-gaza-symposium-the-palestinian-genocide-and-the-colonial-core-of-international-law/ |title=Rethinking International Law After Gaza Symposium: The Palestinian Genocide and the Colonial Core of International Law • Opinio Juris, 08/10/2024|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;. J. M. Barreto a lavar ez eo bet bet &quot;diskuliet gant gouennlazh Palestiniz ar framm trevadennour don a zo en urzh lezennel etrebroadel&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Barreto 2024&quot; /&gt;.

E miz Kerzu 2024 ec'h embannas ''Amnesty International'' un danevell hag a damalle ur gouennlazh da Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-rights-amnesty-genocide-19aa8fb76f7271942e73d5d7a42434e0 |title=Amnesty International says Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. Israel rejects the allegations • Associated Press, 05/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/12/israel-genocide-gaza-amnesty-international-report/ |title=Amnesty International: Israel is guilty of genocide in Gaza • Mother Jones, 05/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.justsecurity.org/105629/amnesty-international-gaza-genocide-report/ |title=The Amnesty International Report on Genocide in Gaza • Just Security,16/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Goude an danevell-se, ''Human Rights Watch'' a lavaras ivez e oa bet sevenet oberoù gouennlazhañ hag e c'helled kendastum mennad ur gouennlazh diwar disklêriadennoù penndadurezhioù Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-gaza-genocide-human-rights-watch-0cae5c250415975ebbfcfdab6808abc4 |title=Human Rights Watch says Israel's restriction of water supply in Gaza amounts to acts of genocide • Associated Press, 19/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/202620/12/2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Ebrel 2025, an alvokad saoz Michael Mansfield a lavaras e oa diarvar e c'hoarveze ur gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web||url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/4/16/top-uk-barrister-israel-is-carrying-out-destruction-of-humanity-in-gaza |title=Top UK barrister: Israel is carrying out 'destruction of humanity' in Gaza • Al Jazeera, 16/04/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Mae 2025, Luigi Daniele, ur mestr prezegenner en ''Nottingham Law School'', a verkas ul liamm etre digarezioù Tsahal evit hec'h oberoù e Gaza ha re an Nerzhioù-Skorañ Prim (''Rapid Support Forces'') e [[Brezel diabarzh Soudan (2023-bremañ)]], &quot;ar pezh a ziskwel emeur o sevel ur patrom evit un netraiñ a-yoc'h, hag ur gouennlazh zoken&quot;, emezañ&lt;ref&gt;Nashed, 2025&lt;/ref&gt; – e miz Mae 2024, Nimer Sultany a oa savet a-du gant ''Forensic Architecture'' pa lavare e oa bet Israel o treiñ ar gwir etrebroadel dengar d'ur &quot;feulster dengar&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Sultany, 2024, pp. 10-11.&lt;/ref&gt; ; daou arbennigour all a lavaras edo Israel oc'h implijout al lezenn end-een evit ur benveg da reizhwiriañ ar gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Perugini &amp; Gordon, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Even 2025, daou arbennigour en [[Alamagn]] a skrivas e oa deuet diaesoc'h nac'hañ e ve ur gouennlazh mennet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://verfassungsblog.de/genocide-in-gaza/ |title=Genocide in Gaza? • Verfassungsblog, 04/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Gouere 2025, {{formatnum:1300}} den e metoù ar yec'hed foran, ar prederioù mezegel hag ar skiantoù sokial a sinas ul lizher ma anzavjont e oa ur gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;De Vogli &amp; al., 2025, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez studiadennoù ar c'helenner stadunanat war ar [[peoc'h]] Ernesto Verdeja, zoken an termenadur strishañ a laka oberoù Israel d'ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Verdeja, 2025, p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Gouere 2025, ar gazetenn ''Le Monde'' a embannas e oa dizemglev etre an arbennigourien war ar gwir a-zivout ar gudenn, lod oc'h anzav edo Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh ha lod all o soñjal e oa re skañv skor an damalladenn&lt;ref name=&quot;Ayad 2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/07/27/is-there-a-genocide-in-gaza-why-legal-experts-are-split_6743780_23.html |title=Is there a genocide in Gaza? Why legal experts are split • Le Monde, 27/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Omer Bartov a skrivas e oa tav meur ag arbennigour war ar Shoah hag o diskred war ar fed ma c'hellfe Israel seveniñ torfedoù-brezel, torfedoù enep mab-den, riñs kenelel pe ur gouennlazh zo ur gourdrouz e-keñver ar studiadennoù a-zivout ar Shoah hag e gounlidoù, hag e c'hellfe kas d'un diskar e talvoudegezh ar c'helennadurezh a-zivout ar Shoah&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2025/7/17/omer_bartov |title=&quot;I'm a Genocide Scholar. I Know It When I See It&quot;: Prof. Omer Bartov on the Growing Consensus on Gaza • Democracy Now!, 17/07/2025|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bartov 2025&quot; /&gt;. Ar c'hazetenner Colin Jones a atersas alvokaded emezelet en [[Arme ar Stadoù-Unanet]] ; gwelet a reont Gaza evel un taol-arnod a-zivout petore emzalc'h milourel a vije dereat en ur brezel etre SUA hag ur galloud evel[[Sina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones 2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/whats-legally-allowed-in-war |title=What's Legally Allowed in War • The New Yorker, 25/04/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Eost 2025, ar gelennerez suafrikat war ar gwir etrebroadel Mia Swart a zisklêrias e oa ur c'henglev o sevel e metoù ar gwir etrebroadel evit lavaret emañ Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Swart, 2025, p. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Craig Mokhiber, un ez-alvokad war gwirioù mab-den en ABU, a skrivas : &quot;Biskoazh en hon amzer n'hon eus gwelet ker anat un dorridigezn – mellad goude mellad – eus Kendivizad ar Broioù Unanet a-zivout ar gouennlazhañ, nag ur c'henglev ken ec'hon a-zivout anaout an torfed&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mokhiber&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-025-09764-0 |title=Law on trial: Gaza and the future of the international legal order • Dialectical Anthropology, levrenn 49, niverenn 1, 03/2025, pp. 121–144|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Arbennigourien all ===
E miz Meurzh 2024, ar ''Middle East Studies Association'' a gondaonas &quot;ar c'hresk a zo war ampled ar feulster-gouennlazhañ a vez roet da Balestiniz Gaza&quot; en ur lavaret e oa emzalc'h Israel ur gouennlazh sevenadurel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2766040 |title=Middle East Studies Association denounces Israel's 'cultural genocide' in Gaza • Al Jazeera, 11/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pan atersas ar ''Brookings Institution'' 758 arbennigour war ar [[Reter-Kreiz]] e kavas e kreske ar c'henglev war ar fed ma oa ur gouennlazh eus taol-brezel Israel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/gloom-about-the-day-after-the-gaza-war-pervasive-among-mideast-scholars/ |title=Gloom about the 'day after' the Gaza war pervasive among Mideast scholars • Brookings Institution, 20/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://criticalissues.umd.edu/middle-east-scholar-barometer |title=2021 Middle East Scholar Barometer #7 (May 23 – June 6, 2024) • Critical Issues Poll, 21/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MESB 2025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://criticalissues.umd.edu/sites/criticalissues.umd.edu/files/Questionnaire_MESB2025.pdf |title=Middle East Scholar Barometer #8 (January 31–February 19, 2025) • University of Maryland Critical Issues Poll, 21/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E 2025, John Spencer, rener ar studiadennoù a-zivout ar brezel-kêr er ''Modern War Institute'' en Akademiezh an U.S. Army, a lavaras n'he devoa ket Israel diskouezet bout mennet da c'houennlazhañ, peogwir e oa &quot;anat ar pezh a ra Israel evit gwareziñ an danframmoù, ar vuhez trevourel, evit pourchas servijoù&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/07/29/nx-s1-5478643/war-scholar-discusses-why-he-does-not-think-there-is-a-genocide-in-gaza |title=War scholar discusses why he does not think there is a genocide in Gaza • NPR, 29/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

An istorour Robert Satloff en ''Institute for Near East Policy'' e [[Washington, D.C.]] a savas a-enep kendivizad an IAGS en abeg d'e vammennoù nad int ket enklaskoù dizalc'h, en ur verkañ e voe degemeret gant 1/5 eus izili an aozadur, met skrivas a eure ivez ne oa ket varnadenn-se un asant da strategiezh hag oberoù Israel e Gaza pe digasted ouzh an niver spontus a varvioù er brezel-se&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/charade-academic-garb |title=A Charade in Academic Garb • Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 02/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Prosezoù ==
=== Lez-varn Etrebroadel ar Justis ===
[[File:International stances on South Africa v. Israel lawsuit.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|
{|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Ali lod Stadoù a-zivout ''South Africa vs. Israel''
|-
| {{legend|#3f612d|Suafrika}}||{{legend|#6da84d|A-du gant Suafrika}}
|-
| {{legend|#3d62a4|Stadoù a-enep Suafrika}}||{{legend|#213659|Israel}}
|}
]]
E miz Kerzu 2023, Suafrika a savas klemm e Lez-varn Etrebroadel ar Justis (ICJ) dre nerzh Kendivizad ar Gouennlazh, o tamall da Israel seveniñ ur gouennlazh, torfedoù-brezel ha torfedoù enep gwirioù mab-den ouzh Palestiniz e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Chao-Fong et al. 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/dec/29/israel-gaza-war-live-updates-hamas-egypt-delegation-ceasefire-cairo |title=Israel-Gaza war live: Israel hits back at South Africa after it launches genocide case at UN's top court • The Guardian, 29/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ-2023-12-29&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf |title=Application Instituting Proceedings, Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (S. Afr. v. Isr.), No. 192 • ICJ, 29/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AP 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-un-court-palestinians-genocide-ffe672c4eb3e14a30128542eaa537b21 |title=South Africa launches case at top UN court accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza • Associated Press, 29/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Cyril RamaphosaS, Prezidant Suafrika, a geñverias oberoù Israel ouzh an ''apartheid''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/29/world/middleeast/south-africa-israel-genocide.html |title=South Africa accuses Israel of genocide in a U.N. court • The New York Times, 29/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a Stad hag a aozadur etrebroadel a savas a-du gant klemm Suafrika&lt;ref&gt;Roelf &amp; Sterling, 2023 ; Rifai, 2024 ; Conley, 2024 ; Jimoh, 2024 ; Shamim, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/south-africas-icj-case-against-israel-backed-by-over-1000-organizations/ |title=South Africa's ICJ Case Against Israel Backed by Over 1,000 Organizations • Palestine Chronicle, 10/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Progressive International 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://progressive.international/wire/2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel/en/ |title=We Support South Africa's Genocide Convention Case Against Israel • Progressive International, 08/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E skrid he c'hlemm, Suafrika a zisklêrias e oa &quot;perzh ur gouennlazh en oberoù Israel peogwir ez int mennet da zevoudañ distruj ul lodenn vras eus strollad broadel, gouennel ha kenelel Palestiniz&quot; ; Suafrika a c'houlennas ma embannfe al Lez-varn un urzh da c'hortoz (''interim order'') a redife Israel da baouez diouzhtu gant oberoù milourel e Gaza hag enep Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ-2023-12-29&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Corder, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 26 a viz Genver 2024, an ICJ a embannas ur c'hemennadur da c'hortoz a gave e oa gwirheñvel ar gwirioù meneget e goulenn Suafrika, hag un urzh da Israel da gemer kement diarbenn a c'helle evit mirout na c'hoarvezfe ur gouennlazh, evit herzel ouzh pep atiz d'ar gouennlazh hag e gastizañ, ha da aotren ar skoazell zengar e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Donoghue&quot; /&gt;. Pelloc'h er bloaz, Suafrika a c'houlennas digant al Lez-varn ordren diarbennoù ouzhpenn a-enep Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-asks-world-court-more-measures-against-israel-2024-03-06/ |title=South Africa asks World Court for more measures against Israel • Reuters, 06/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, hag e miz Mae ec'h embannas an ICJ un urzh a zo bet lakaet da forc'hek gant lod arbennigourien, hogen a zo bet meizet dre vras evel rediañ Israel da baouez diouzhtu gant e argadenn e Rafah&lt;ref&gt;Taub, 2024 ; Wintour, 2024a ; Clayton, 2024a ; Haque, 2024a.&lt;/ref&gt;. Israel a zistaolas an deveizadur-se hag a gendalc'has gant hec'h argadenn&lt;ref&gt;Casciani, 2024b.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Mouezh aotreet gouarnamant Israel a zistaolas &quot;gant heug&quot; al lavaroù-se&lt;ref name=&quot;AP 2023&quot; /&gt; hag a damallas da Suafrika kenlabourat gant Hamas&lt;ref name=&quot;Chao-Fong et al. 2023&quot; /&gt;, en ur lakaat klemm Suafrika d'un &quot;tamall muntr lidel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/national/24018477.south-africa-launches-case-hague-accusing-israel-genocide-gaza/ |title=South Africa launches case at The Hague accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza • The Herald (Glasgow)|accessdate=05/07/20262}}&lt;/ref&gt;. D'an 2 a viz Genver 2024, Israel a zivizas mont d'an ICJ evit respont da Suafrika, daoust dezhi en devout dianavezet an holl lezioù-barn etrebroadel a-hed hec'h Istor&lt;ref&gt;Corder, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;. D'an 13 a viz Genver, B. Netanyahou a lavaras : &quot;Den ebet n'hon harzo. Na Den Haag, nag [[Ahel ar Rezistañs|Ahel an Droug]], den ebet&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-presses-with-gaza-offensive-approaching-100-days-war-2024-01-13/ |title=Israel pushes ahead with Gaza offensive approaching 100 days of war • Reuters, 13/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pennadurezhioù Israel a damallas enepyuzevegezh d'al Lez-varn&lt;ref name=&quot;McKernan 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/26/israeli-officials-accuse-international-court-of-justice-of-antisemitic-bias |title=Israeli officials accuse international court of justice of antisemitic bias • The Guardian, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/video/netanyahu-rejects-outrageous-icj-charges-of-gaza-genocide-203021381942 |title='Not only false, it's outrageous': Netanyahu rejects Gaza genocide charges • NBC News, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Israel a roas da wir he devoa graet he seizh gwellañ evit gwareziñ an drevourien e Gaza e-pad he zaol-brezel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-rafah-un-world-court-2f739ad4f64ff3a8186a423ad8f350e8 |title=Israel insists it is doing all it can to protect civilians in Gaza and denies genocide charges • Associated Press, 07/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;McDoom, 2024, pp. 5–6.&lt;/ref&gt;; Lod politikerien eus an tu-kleiz en Israel a savas a-du gant Suafrika&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-781194 |title=MK Ofer Cassif joins lawsuit against Israel in the ICJ • The Jerusalem Post, 07/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ar wiraourez [[ouganda]]t Julia Sebutinde, besprezidantez Lez-varn Etrebroadel ar Justis, a oa unan eus ar 17 barner a zivize war darbaroù da c'hortoz a-zivout ''South Africa vs. Israel''. Mouezhiañ a-enep an holl zarbaroù-se a reas, hec'h-unan e-mesk holl varnerien an ICJ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/27/why-icj-judge-sebutinde-faces-calls-to-quit-from-israel-genocide-case |title=Why ICJ Judge Sebutinde faces calls to quit from Israel genocide case • Al Jazeera, 27/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=jta-20240126&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2024/01/26/politics/international-court-of-justice-rules-that-some-allegations-of-israel-committing-genocide-are-plausible |title=International Court of Justice rules that some allegations of Israel committing genocide are 'plausible' • Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E displegadenn he savboent e skrivas ar varnerez : &quot;meur a ober fetis zo bet lakaet e pleustr gant Israel evit aesaat pourchas skoazell zengar da boblañs trevourel Gaza&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/node/204092 |title=Dissenting opinion of Vice-President Sebutinde • ICJ, 04/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamallet e voe da J. Sebutinde en devout goubreizhet lodennoù bras eus he skrid diwar mammennoù a zo a-du gant Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/icj-president-accused-plagiarism-dissenting-opinion-israeli-occupation |title=ICJ president accused of plagiarism in dissenting opinion on Israeli occupation • Middle East Eye, 27/01/2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1445412/icj-president-julia-sebutinde-accused-of-plagiarism-in-opposing-opinion-on-israeli-occupation.html |title=ICJ President Julia Sebutinde accused of 'plagiarism' in opposing opinion on Israeli occupation • L'Orient Today, 28/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, diwar [[Wikipedia]] ha diwar ar ''BBC''. Hervez ar skiantour politikel stadunanat Norman Finkelstein, &quot;da nebeutañ 32% eus enebiezh Sebutinde zo bet goubreizhet&quot;, en o zouez skridoù gant an alvokad Douglas Feith, a voe is-sekretour Politikerezh an Difenn dindan [[George Walker Bush]] adalek 2001 betek 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/fresh-allegations-emerge-plagiarism-icj-president-israel-opinion |title=ICJ president 'plagiarised 32 percent of pro-Israel dissenting opinion' • Middle East Eye, 03/02/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Meurzh 2026, meur a Stad a lakaas disklêriadurioù-emell dindan mellad 63 statudoù an ICJ, ar pezh a gasas an niver a Stadoù oc'h emellout da 18. Hervez ar c'heloù, an Izelvroioù a lavaras e oa ar redi da virout ouzh ur gouennlazh &quot;ur redi poellek a zifrae&quot;, ha kadarnaat a rejont e c'helle an divroadegoù rediet hag an nac'hadenn vennet da zegas pep skoazell zengar &quot;diskouez e oa ur ratozh gouennlazhañ&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;HelsinkiTimes_2026&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/28653-netherlands-and-iceland-join-icj-genocide-case-against-israel.html |title=Netherlands and Iceland join ICJ genocide case against Israel • Helsinki Times, 23/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TheNational_2026&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uk/2026/03/13/six-countries-intervene-in-icj-genocide-case-against-israel/ |title=Six countries intervene in ICJ genocide case against Israel • The National (Abu Dhabi), 13/02/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Island]] ha [[Namibia]] a skoras Suafrika ivez, Island o lavaret e c'helled dezastum ar ratozh diwar reizhiadoù en emzalc'h Israel, hep na vefe kement-se an dezastum poellek nemetañ&lt;ref name=&quot;HelsinkiTimes_2026&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ_2026_5&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20260312-pre-01-00-en.pdf |title=Declarations of intervention in the proceedings filed by the Netherlands and by Iceland • ICJ, 12/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

En enep, SUA, [[Hungaria]] ha [[Fidji]] a lakaas disklêriadurioù-emell evit skorañ Israel. SUA a nac'has ar gouennlazh hag a lavaras e vez &quot;treuzimplijet&quot; an aozadurioù etrebroadel en ur c'habalerezh mennet da &quot;zireizhwiriañ&quot; Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;TheNational_2026&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICJ_2026_6&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20260313-pre-01-00-en.pdf |title=Declarations of intervention in the proceedings filed by Namibia, the United States of America, Hungary and Fiji • ICJ, 13/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hungaria a lavaras e oa an degouezh an arvar da &quot;ledanaat termenadur ar gouennlazh&quot; hag a c'houzavas enep treiñ al lezioù-barn etrebroadel d'ur &quot;stourmva politikel&quot; ; Fidji a lakaas ar &quot;c'hemperzh a vrezel-kêr&quot; d'un elfenn bouezus e diviz al Lez-varn&lt;ref name=&quot;TheNational_2026&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jurist_March_2026&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2026/03/4-countries-file-to-intervene-in-icj-genocide-case-against-israel/ |title=Four countries file to intervene in ICJ genocide case against Israel • Jurist, 14/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E-kerzh ar c'houlz-se, Alamagn a zilamas he raktres kent, a oa emellout war anv Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;HelsinkiTimes_2026&quot; /&gt;.

Israel a lakaas hec'h enep-kounskrid d'an 12 a viz Meurzh 2023 goude bout bet daou astenn adalek an deiziad orin, 28 a viz Gouere 2025, digant an iCJ. Gouarnamant Suafrika a verkas e c'hoarveze kement-se endra gendalc'he Palestiniz da dalañ ouzh bombezadegoù hag ouzh un niver a varvioù na oa ket war zigresk daoust da urzhioù kent an ICJ, ha lavaret a eure e klaskfe gouzout ha rekis e oa goulenn skridoù ouzhpenn a-berzh Israel pe tremen d'an doare dre gomz&lt;ref name=&quot;SA_Presidency_2026&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/south-africa-notes-israels-response-filing-icj |title=South Africa notes Israel's response filing to the ICJ • The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa, 15/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Lez-kastizañ Etrebroadel (ICC) ===
E miz Mae 2024, Daniel-Erasmus Khan a c'houlennas urzhioù herzel e-enep Benyamin Netayahou ha Yoav Gallant, o lavaret en devoa arguzennoù solius evit krediñ e oant atebek war dorfedoù-brezel ha torfedoù a-enep mab-den bet sevenet e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state |title=Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for arrest warrants in the situation in the State of Palestine • ICC, 20/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ne oa meneg ebet eus gouennlazh el listennad torfedoù, ar gouennalezh o vezañ disheñvel e-keñver lezenn diouzh an torfed-netraiñ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.justsecurity.org/95985/icc-gaza-warrant-charges/ |title=What the ICC Prosecutor Charged – and Didn't Charge – in Gaza Warrants • Just Security, 22/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Du 2024 e voe embannet an urzhioù&lt;ref name=&quot;El Abdallah 2024&quot; /&gt;.

En ul lodenn eus  un danevell bet embannet e miz Kerzu 2024 hag a damalle ur gouennlazh da Israel, ''Amnesty International'' a c'houlennas digant an ICC &quot;sellet buan ouzh an torfed a c'houennlazh bet sevenet gant pennadurezhioù Israel abaoe ar 7 a viz Here 2023, kement-se e-kerzh an enklask a zo war ober a-zivout stad an traoù e Stad Palestina&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;AmnestyGenocideConclusion&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/ |title=Amnesty International concludes Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza • Amnesty International, 05/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2024-12-05/amnesty-international-investigation-concludes-that-israel-has-committed-genocide-in-gaza.html |title=Amnesty International investigation concludes that Israel has committed genocide in Gaza • El País, 05/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Kerzu 2024 ivez, ar c'helenner israelat war ar gwir Omer Shatz a savas klemm en ICC en ur venegiñ 8 den eus ar politikerezh hag ar media en Israel, a lakae da atebek war atizañ d'ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-01-24/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-israeli-lawyer-filing-a-landmark-genocide-case-against-israel-at-the-icc/00000194-59bf-d76e-a7dd-7bff42610000 |title=The Israeli Lawyer Filing a Landmark Incitement to Genocide Case Against Israel at the ICC • Haaretz, 24/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. D'ar 1{{añ}} a viz Here 2024 e voe savet klemm en ICC o tamall gouennlazh da Bennvaodiernezh [[Italia]], [[Giorgia Meloni]], ha da bennadurezhioù all, abalamour ma skorent Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/8/italys-meloni-says-icc-complaint-accuses-her-of-gaza-genocide-complicity |title=Italy's Meloni says ICC complaint accuses her of Gaza genocide complicity • Al Jazeera, 08/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/10/07/meloni-says-accused-of-complicity-in-genocide-at-world-court_6746197_4.html |title=Meloni says ICC complaint accuses her of complicity in Gaza genocide • Le Monde, 08/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. SUA hag Israel o deus pouezet en un doare politikel war an ICC hag he c'hastizet en abeg d'he savboentoù e-pad ar brezel&lt;ref&gt;Iraqi, 2024 ; Davies &amp; al., 2024 ; Team Zeteo &amp; Hasan, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/02/07/us-trump-authorizes-international-criminal-court-sanctions  |title=US: Trump Authorizes International Criminal Court Sanctions • Human Rights Watch, 07/02/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Prosezadurioù all ===
E miz Du 2023, an aozadur ''Center for Constitutional Rights'' (CCR) e [[New York]] a gasas Prezidant SUA [[Joe Biden]], e Vaodiern an Aferioù Estren [[Antony Blinken]] ha Maodiern an Difenn, Lloyd Austin, dirak ul lez-varn e Kalifornia&lt;ref name=&quot;Mansoor 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://time.com/6337911/biden-israel-policy-palestine-pressure/ |title=Pro-Palestinian Americans Are Pushing Biden to Pivot • Time, 21/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2023/11/humanitarian-groups-sue-biden-and-administration-officials-for-involvement-in-israel-hamas-war/ |title=Humanitarian groups sue Biden and administration officials for involvement in Israel-Hamas war • Jurist, 15/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Segal &amp; Daniele, 2024, p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, war zigarez edo Israel o seveniñ lazhoù a-yoc'h, o vukañ danframmoù trevourel hag o rediañ tud da zivroañ, kement-se holl o tennañ d'ur gouennlazh&lt;ref name=&quot;McGreal 2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mansoor 2023&quot; /&gt;, ha ma oa gouest SUA da virout ouzh Israel a seveniñ an oberoù-se, pa oa darempredoù tost etre an div Stad&lt;ref name=&quot;McGreal 2023&quot; /&gt;. Ur barner kevreadel e SUA en deus distaolet an degouezh e miz Genver 2024, pan embannas ne oa ket aotreet e Lez-varn gant Bonreizh SUA da dermeniñ nep politikerezh estren, hogen skrivañ a eure : &quot;evel m'eo bet kavet gant an ICJ, gwirheñvel eo e vefe ur gouennlazh eus emzalc'h Israel&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hubler 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/31/world/middleeast/joe-biden-israel-support.html |title=A federal judge dismisses a suit to block U.S. support of Israel but urges Biden to re-examine his approach • The New York Times, 31/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar barner a zisplegas ivez e vije bet laouen oc'h embann ar gourc'hemenn hag o broudañ Joe Biden da zaskemmañ politikerezh SUA&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/01/genocide-gaza-israel-california-court |title=Israel's campaign in Gaza 'plausibly' amounts to genocide, US court finds • The Guardian, 01/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hanson 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/palestinians-file-lawsuit-accusing-biden-administration-of-violating-genocide-convention/ |title=Palestinians file lawsuit accusing Biden administration of violating Genocide Convention • Courthouse News Service, 13/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mansoor 2023&quot; /&gt;.

E miz C'hwevrer 2024, alvokaded o komz en anv Palestiniz en Alamagn a savas klemm a-enep politikerien ar vro, en o zouez ar C'hanseller [[Olaf Scholz]], Maodiernez an Aferioù Estren, Annalena Baerbock, Maodiern an [[Armerzh]], Robert Habeck, ha Maodiern an Arc'hant, Christian Lindner, en abeg ma oant &quot;kendorfedourien&quot; ar gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Schaer 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/23/german-lawyers-sue-politicians-including-scholz-over-complicity-in-gaza |title=German lawyers sue Scholz, alleging complicity in Gaza 'genocide' • Al Jazeera, 23/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mem-2024-02-23&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240223-gaza-victims-sue-german-government-for-aiding-genocide-against-palestinians/ |title=Gaza victims sue German government for 'aiding genocide against Palestinians' • Middle East Monitor, 23/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pennprokulor Alamagn a zistaolas ar c'hlemm dre ziouer a ziskred poellek&lt;ref name=&quot;lto-2025-09-20&quot;&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lto.de/recht/hintergruende/h/waffen-waffenlieferungen-scholz-merz-strafantrag-beihilfe-gaza-israel-export |title=Waffenexporte: Merz, Scholz und Co. wegen Beihilfe strafbar? (&quot;Ezporzhiañ armoù : ha Merz, Scholz ha tud all a c'hellfe bout atebek ha kastizet evel kenwallerien ?&quot;) • Legal Tribune Online, 20/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; E miz Gwengolo 2025, an alvokaded a savas ur c'hlemm damheñvel enep izili ar gouarnamant ha re ar gouarnamant kent&lt;ref name=&quot;lto-2025-09-20&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://elsc.support/the-time-for-accountability-is-now-criminal-complaint-against-german-government-officials-for-aiding-and-abetting-israels-genocide-in-gaza/ |title=The Time for Accountability is Now: Criminal Complaint against German Government Officials for Aiding and Abetting Israel's Genocide in Gaza • European Legal Support Center, 19/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Meurzh 2024, gouarnamant [[Nicaragua]] a voulc'has ur prosezadur en ICJ enep Alamagn hervez ar C'hendivizad a-zivout Dizarbenn ha Kastizañ an Torfed a C'houennlazh (CPPCG) peogwir e save gouarnamant Alamagn a-du gant Israel e brezel Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;mee-2024-1-1&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/nicaragua-files-application-world-court-accusing-germany-complicity-gaza |title=Nicaragua files application to World Court, accusing Germany of complicity in Gaza genocide • Middle East Eye, 01/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;van den Berg, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Edo Nicaragua o c'houlenn ma vefe kemeret diarbennoù da c'hortoz evit gwareziñ Palestiniz, en o zouez adkregiñ da arc'hantaouiñ UNRWA ha paouez da bourchas armoù da Israel&lt;ref&gt;van den Berg, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.

En hevelep miz, ar c'huzulva alvokaded aostralian ''Birchgrove Legal'' en deus kelaouet al Lez-kastizañ Etrebroadel a-zivout Pennmaodiern Aostralia, Anthony Albanese, Maodiernez an Aferioù Estren, Penny Wong, penn ar gostezenn enep, Peter Dutton, ha tud all peogwir e vefent kendorfedourien er gouennlazh, e torfedoù-brezel hag e torfedoù enep mab-den, p'o deus dilamet ar skoazell da UNRWA, pourchaset armoù da Israel hag he skoret en un doare anat e-pad ar bezel e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Wedesweiler 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/anthony-albanese-dismisses-icc-war-crimes-allegations-experts-weigh-in-on-the-claims/xu4kueiql |title=Anthony Albanese dismisses ICC war crimes allegations: Experts weigh in on the claims • SBS News, 05/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rothwell 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/why-have-anthony-albanese-and-other-politicians-been-referred-to-the-icc-over-the-gaza-war-225079 |title=Why have Anthony Albanese and other politicians been referred to the ICC over the Gaza war? • The Conversation, 05/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/20265 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Du 2025, pennprokulor [[Turkia]] a embannas urzhioù herzel enep 37 Israelat o devije sevenet ur gouennlazh ha torfedoù enep gwirioù mab-den, en o zouez B. Netanyahou, e Vaodiern ar Surentez, e Vaodiern an Difenn ha penn Tsahal&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/07/middleeast/turkey-issues-genocide-arrest-warrant-against-netanyahu-intl-latam |title=Turkey issues 'genocide' arrest warrants against Netanyahu and other Israeli officials • CNN, 07/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Atebegezh Stadoù tredeour hag aozadurioù all ==
Ret eo d'an holl Stadoù eus ABU hag o deus sinet ar CPPCG &quot;implijout gant poell kement doare o deus evit dizarbenn ur gouennlazh keit ha ma c'hallont&quot;, hag arabat eo dezho pourchas &quot;dafar da voulc'hañ pe da aesaat seveniñ an torfed&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://opiniojuris.org/2024/02/05/the-icjs-provisional-orders-measures-and-the-responsibility-of-third-states/ |title=The ICJ's Provisional Orders Measures and the Responsibility of Third States • Opinio Juris, 05/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur ag arbennigour a lavar e vez anataet didalvoudegezh ha gwander kelennadurezh an &quot;atebegezh da wareziñ&quot; (''Responsibility to Protect / R2P'') gant dizoberiantiz ar gumuniezh etrebroadel e-keñver an euzhusterioù a vez sevenet ha kadarnaet e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Moses, 2024, pp. 211–215 ; Sirleaf, 2024, p. 182 ; Verdeja, 2025, pp. 16–18.&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a Stad er C'hornôg – SUA, Alamagn hag ar [[Rouantelezh-Unanet]] pergen – a skor Israel dre reiñ skoazell diplomatek, milourel, ha ditouroù&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, 2025a, pp. 416–422.&lt;/ref&gt;. Lod kazetennerien&lt;ref&gt;Scahill &amp; Grim, 2024 ; Levitz, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; hag arbennigourien&lt;ref&gt;Beaklini, 2023 ; Ayyash, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lakhani &amp; Niranjan 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/20/israel-war-gaza-fuel-war-crimes-warning |title=Countries fueling Israel's Gaza war may be complicit in war crimes, experts warn • The Guardian, 20/05/2024||accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, displegerien&lt;ref&gt;Porras, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; ha pennadurezhioù en ABU&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/09/16/nx-s1-5543246/israel-genocide-gaza-united-nations |title=Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, a UN inquiry finds • NPR, 16/09/2025|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://novaramedia.com/2024/02/05/former-unwra-spokesperson-says-uk-us-complicit-in-gaza-genocide/ |title=Former UNWRA Spokesperson Says UK &amp; US Complicit in Gaza Genocide • Novara Media, 16/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ziskleir ez eo troet Stadoù ar Chornôg da gendorfedourezed ur gouennlazh dre o oberoù.

Kengor Enklask Etrebroadel Dizalc'h war an Tiriad Palestinat Aloubet (''Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory'' / 2ICIOPT, bet staliet e 2021 gant ABU) a lavaras : &quot;Stadoù a c'hall bout kentorfedourezed dre na virout ouzh ur gouennlazh a c'hoarvezout pa ne reont ket diouzh urzhioù an ICJ pe pa skoazellont war-eeun e seveniñ ur gouennlazh&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/states-helping-israel-s-occupation-may-be-complicit-un-experts-570f4bfd |title=States Helping Israel's Occupation May Be 'Complicit': UN Experts • Barron's, 18/10/2024|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ur c'hengor arbennik karget gant ABU da imbourc'hiñ oberoù Israel hag a dizh gwirioù mab-den ar bobl balestinat a skrivas : &quot;Mar ne reer netra bremañ [...] e vo stlabezet diazez end-eeun ar gwir etrebroadel hon eus holl savet evit gwareziñ ar peoc'h, ar surentez, ha hevoud an holl. Hon dizoberiantiz hiziv zo o staliañ ur patrom arvarus evit an dazont&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCommitteeHeadGenocide&quot; /&gt;.

=== Stadoù-Unanet Amerika ===
[[File:U_S_Air_Force_Airmen_supply_Israel_with_missile_defense_(8086168).jpg|thumb|Un nijerez eus an [[United States Air Force|USAF]] en Alamagn o vont da gas porvezioù brezel da Israel, 15/10/2023.]]
Meur a andon a lavar ez eo SUA lodek er gouennlazh : helenneien&lt;ref&gt;Ayyash, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-palestinians-fleeing-rafah-face-israeli-strikes?update=2716692  |title=Biden is said to be angry at Netanyahu, but US rewards keep coming • Al Jazeera, 18/02/2024|accessdate}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kazetennerien&lt;ref&gt;Levitz, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;, bodadoù prederiañ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://quincyinst.org/research/mind-the-gap-u-s-preferences-and-israels-war-conduct/#h-introduction |title=Mind the Gap: U.S. Preferences and Israel's War Conduct • Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, 22/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, al ''Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-afraid-to-leave-as-israel-fires-on-hospital?update=2708406 |title=In Gaza, Biden administration complicit: Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention • Al Jazeera, 14/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''Human Rights Watch''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/29/israel-war-crimes-gaza-us-military |title=US soldiers could be liable for war crimes in Gaza. Will they be prosecuted? • The Guardian, 29/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; hag all&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/20/israels-war-on-gaza-live-un-fears-explosion-in-child-deaths-in-gaza?update=2721122 |title=Cuba: US 'accomplices' in devastation of Gaza • Al Jazeera, 20/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pouezus eo bet SUA er pourchas skoazell ziplomatek ha dafar, a-raok hag e-pad ar brezel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Joyce &amp; al., 2025, p. 1 ; Wezeman &amp; al., 2024, pp. 11–12.&lt;/ref&gt;. Paeañ a reont war-dro 15% eus kellidsteuñv milourel Israel, hag int a bourvez ar muiañ ag armoù dezhi ; tremen 22,8 milmilion a zollaroù zo bet postet ganto e kentañ bloavezh ar brezel&lt;ref&gt;Bachman &amp; Ruiz, 2025, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Koulz melestradurezh J. Biden hag eil melestradurezh [[Donald Trump|D. Trump]] o deus nac'het e vefe ur gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;newlines&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://newlinesmag.com/essays/by-rejecting-evidence-of-genocide-in-gaza-the-us-is-following-a-familiar-pattern/ |title=By Rejecting Evidence of Genocide in Gaza, the US Is Following a Familiar Pattern • New Lines Magazine, 20/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, met e miz Gwengolo 2025 e voe anzavet ar gouennlazh gant c'hwec'h ezel eus [[Kendalc'h ar Stadoù-Unanet]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanders092025&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/sep/17/bernie-sanders-israel-gaza-genocide |title=Bernie Sanders becomes first US senator to say Israel committing genocide in Gaza • The Guardian, 17/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An admiral John Kirby, a oa mouezh aotreet an ''U.S. National Security Council'' hag a veze lakaet gant ar medium israelat ''Ynet'' – a zo stumm en-linenn ar gazetenn ''Yedioth Ahronoth'' (&quot;Keleier nevesañ&quot;) — d'un &quot;alvokad israelat peurvat-dreist&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/rjwja2hlt |title=How John Kirby became one of Israel's leading spokespeople • Ynet, 18/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/202621/12/2023 |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a lavaras : &quot;Emañ Israel o klask em zifenn enep ur gourdrouz-spontañ gouennlazhañ. Neuze, mar krogomp da implijout ar ger-se, mat, implijomp-eñ en doare a zere&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpiceCp2Cp0 |title=White House Asked Point Blank About Pro-Ceasefire Protesters Calling Biden 'Genocide Joe' • Forbes, 20/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Du 2023, ar prezidant Joe Biden a voe lesanvet &quot;''Genocide Joe''&quot; abalamour ma oa savet a-du gant Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/us/politics/biden-columbia-protests-israel-antisemitism.html |title=A Bystander to '60s Protests, Biden Now Becomes a Target • The New York Times, 30/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot; /&gt;. D'an 13 a viz Du 2023, an aozadur ''Center for Constitutional Rights'' e New York a savas prosez ouzh J. Biden abalamour m'en devoa c'hwitet war e zever lezennel da virout ouzh Israel a seveniñ ur gouennlazh e brezel Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;McGreal 2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mansoor 2023&quot; /&gt;. Er prosez, William Schabas, un arbennigour war ar gouennlazhoù, a skrivas e vanke SUA ouzh o endalc'h hervez Kendivizad 1948 hag ar gwir etrebroadel&lt;ref name=&quot;Mansoor 2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hanson 2023&quot;/&gt;. E miz Genver 2024, ur barner kevreadel a zistaolas an degouezh ''Defense for Children International – Palestine &amp; al. vs. Biden &amp; al.'' en ur lavaret e vire Bonreizh SUA ouzh e lez-varn a dermeniñ pep politikerezh etrebroadel, ar pezh a zo e-kerz skourroù politikel ar gouarnamant stadunanat, daoust m'en devije kavet gwell en devout embannet an urzh ha broudet J. Biden da zaskemmañ politikerezh SUA&lt;ref name=&quot;Hubler 2024&quot; /&gt;. D'ar 4 a viz Genver, gouarnamant SUA a anzavas ne ouie ket ez-ofisiel hag-eñ edo Israel o terriñ ar gwir etrebroadel a-fed gwirioù mab-den&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2024/01/04/us-hasnt-formally-assessed-if-israel-violating-human-rights-00133799 |title=US hasn't formally assessed if Israel violating human rights • Politico, 04/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Gwengolo 2024 e voe danevellet e oa bet melestradurezh J. Biden o tianavezout pe o tilemel meur a notenn digant he servijoù-hi hag a zeskrive gwirioù ma-den gwallgaset e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/gaza-palestine-israel-blocked-humanitarian-aid-blinken |title=Israel Deliberately Blocked Humanitarian Aid to Gaza, Two Government Bodies Concluded. Antony Blinken Rejected Them. • ProPublica, 24/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/early-warning-apocalyptic-wasteland-gaza-blocked-by-us-envoys-israel-2026-01-30/ |title=US envoys blocked early warning of Gaza 'Apocalyptic Wasteland' • Reuters, 30/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz C'hwevrer 2025, ar prezidant D. Trump a ginnigas ma vefe kemeret Gaza ha divroet an dud a zo o vevañ eno&lt;ref name=&quot;newlines&quot; /&gt;.

=== Rouantelezh-Unanet ===
[[File:Reminding Keir Starmer that he's could be complicit in genocide (53334628181).jpg|thumb|Ur vanifesterez o tamall d'ar Pennmaodiern skorañ ar gouennlazh]]
Aotreoù da ezporzhiañ armoù da Israel zo bet roet gant gouarnamant ar Rouantelezh-Unanet&lt;ref name=&quot;Holden &amp; James 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-says-it-is-suspending-30-its-350-arms-export-licences-israel-2024-09-02/ |title=UK suspends 30 of its 350 arms export licences to Israel • Reuters, 03/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meur a andon a lavar ez eo ar R-U lodek er gouennlazh peogwir e kendalc'h da embann aotreoù da ezporzhiañ armoù da Israel en desped d'he emzalc'h e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/12/selling-weapons-israel-could-make-uk-complicit-war-crimes |title=Selling Weapons to Israel Could Make UK Complicit in War Crimes • Human Rights Watch, 12/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.savethechildren.org.uk/news/media-centre/press-releases/conditions-to-provide-humanitarian-assistance-to-children-in-gaz |title=STATEMENT: 'We are failing the Children of Gaza' • Save the Children, 08/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/uk-is-breaching-international-law-by-continuing-to-arm-israel-sunak-warned-13107474 |title=UK is breaching international law by continuing to arm Israel, Sunak warned • Sky News, 04/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/4/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-accused-of-ai-assisted-genocide-in-gaza?update=2817755 |title='The risk must be taken into account now' • Al Jazeera, 04/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Holden &amp; James 2024&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lawless, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Kerzu 2023, Pennmaodiern [[Bro-Skos]], [[Humza Yousaf]], a gondaonas anvouezhiañ an R-U pa voe mouezhiet a-zivout raktres ur ratozhiad en ABU hag a c'halve d'un harz-tennañ, en ur lavaret e kasfe an anvouezhiañ-se da vuioc'h a vugale lazhet&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/humza-yousaf-says-uk-complicit-killing-gaza-children |title=Humza Yousaf says UK 'complicit' in killing Gaza children • The New Arab, 10/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'an 2 a viz Gwengolo 2024, Maodiern an Aferioù Estren a embannas edo oc'h astalañ war-dro 30 atre da ezporzhiañ armoù da Israel goude ma oa bet kavet gant ar gouarnamant e oa ur riskl bras ma vefe implijet an armoù-se evit terriñ ar gwir etrebroadel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/uk-arms-exports-israel-gaza-hamas-david-lammy-b1179628.html |title=UK suspends 30 arms export licences to Israel over Gaza war including for fighter aircraft and drone spares • Evening Standard, 02/09/2024[accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. War-dro 350 aotre da ezporzhiañ armoù da Israel a oa er Rouantelezh-Unanet da vare an astel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-suspends-around-30-arms-export-licences-to-israel-for-use-in-gaza-over-international-humanitarian-law-concerns |title=UK suspends around 30 arms export licences to Israel for use in Gaza over International Humanitarian Law concerns • UK Government, 02/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'an 2 a viz Gwengolo 2025, gouarnamant [[Bro-Skos]] a embannas e verze an arc'hantaouiñ &quot;embregerezhioù armoù a bourchas dafar pe sevijoù da Stadoù ma'z eus prouennoù gwirheñvel a c'houennlazh&quot;, Israel en o zouez&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/25438714.scottish-government-announces-range-measures-israel/ |title=Scottish Government announces range of measures against Israel • The National (Scotland), 03/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Parlamant Bro-Skos]] ivez a vouezhias a-du gant boikotiñ Israel ha kement embregerezh a pourchasfe ur skoazell vilourel dezhi&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/25439517.msps-vote-full-boycott-israel/ |title=Scottish Parliament votes for immediate boycott of Israel • The National (Scotland), 03/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz C'hwevrer 2026, an c'huzulva alvokaded stadunanat ''Public Interest Law Centre'' e [[Philadelphia]] a verkas e oa bet tremen {{formatnum:2000}} Breizhveurat o servijout e Tsahal e-pad ar gouennlazh ; neuze e tisklêrias e oa ret d'ar Rouantelezh-Unanet enklask ha sevel prosezioù pa'z eus trawalc'h a brouennoù&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://novaramedia.com/2026/02/12/over-2000-brits-have-served-in-idf-during-gaza-genocide/ |title=Over 2,000 Brits Have Served in IDF During Gaza Genocide • Novara Media, 12/02/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Kerzu 2023, ar strolladoù dengar ''Al-Haq'' ha ''Global Legal Action Network'' a savas prosez ouzh gouarnamant ar Rouantelezh-Unanet en abeg ma lakae Kendivizad 1948 en arvar pa roe aotreoù da ezporzhiañ dafar milourel da Israel. E miz Even 2025, al Lez-varn Uhelañ e London a zistaolas an degouezh dre embann e oa reizh hervez lezenn e kendalc'hfe ar R-U da gemer perzh er raktres [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35]] – petra bennak ma veze lod elfennoù anezhañ oc'h erruout en Israel dre ur yoc'had bedel a bezhioù erlec'hiañ – hag e oa lod eus an degouezh e-maez eus kembeli lezioù-barzh ar Rouantelezh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/06/uk-government-faces-legal-challenge-over-arms-exports-to-israel |title=UK government faces legal challenge over arms exports to Israel • The Guardian, 06/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/may/12/uks-f-35-exports-more-important-than-stopping-genocide-lawyers-to-argue |title=UK's F-35 exports more important than stopping genocide, lawyers to argue • The Guardian, 12/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/uk-will-argue-f-35-exports-outweighs-gaza-genocide-risk |title=UK to argue F-35 exports outweighs Gaza genocide risk in landmark case • The New Arab, 12/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/al-haq-v-secretary-of-state-for-business-and-trade-2/ |title=Al-Haq -v- Secretary of State for Business and Trade •  Courts and Tribunals Judiciary, 30/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Unaniezh Europa ===
Tamallet e voe da Unaniezh Europa bout lodek marteze, pa n'he devoa ket astalet ar c'henemglev (''European Union Association Agreement'') gant Israel a oa bet sinet er bloaz 2000. Pennsekretourez ''Amnesty International'' a lavaras e oa UE o reiñ ur &quot;gouloù gwer&quot; da Israel da genderc'hel gant he gouennlazh hag e oa en arvar da vout ur genwallerez en oberoù Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/eu-israel-trade-deal-6763140-Jul2025/ |title='Political cowardice': EU foreign ministers refuse to suspend trade agreement with Israel • TheJournal.ie, 15/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/european-unions-refusal-suspend-eu-israel-association-agreement-cruel-and-unlawful |title=European Union's refusal to suspend the EU-Israel Association Agreement is a 'cruel and unlawful betrayal' • Amnesty International, 15/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An aozadur dengar ''The Rights Forum'' en [[Amsterdam]] a lavaras e oa an disentez &quot;ur c'henwallerezh divezh en ur gouennlazh&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{nl}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/07/15/morele-faillissement-van-onze-buitenlandpolitiek-organisaties-woedend-over-uitblijven-eu-sancties-tegen-israel-a4900375 |title='Moreel faillissement van onze buitenlandpolitiek': organisaties woedend over uitblijven EU-sancties tegen Israël (&quot;Freuz buhezel hor politikerezh estren : aozadurioù fuloret gant an diouer a gastiz digant UE enep Israel&quot;) • NRC, 15/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Meurzh 2024, an aozadurioù e-maez gouarnamant ''Oxfam'', ''Amnesty International'', ''Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke'' hag ''Al-Haq'' a embannas un disklêriadenn ma tisplegjont e oant mennet da sevel prosez ouzh [[Danmark]] evit ma ne vefe ket gwerzhet armoù da Israel rak &quot;bout lodek e terriñ lezennoù dengar etrebroadel hag en ur gouennlazh gwirheñvel&quot; e vefe ober kement-se&lt;ref&gt;Oxfam, 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-2000-medical-staff-starving-in-north-ministry?update=2767974 |title=Aid organisations sue Denmark to stop arms sales to Israel • Al Jazeera, 12/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Alamagn
E miz Here 2023, an dielfennerez politikel alaman Lena Obermaier a zisklêrias e oa Alamagn lodek e torfedoù-brezel Israel enep Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Obermaier 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://jacobin.com/2023/10/germany-israel-war-crimes-gaza-palestine-international-law |title=Germany Is Complicit in Israel's War Crimes in Gaza • Jacobin, 23/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Displegañ a eure penaos e oa chomet mut ar braz eus ar media pouezusañ en Alamagn a-zivout politikerezh Israel a-fet gouennlazh ; diskouez a reas ivez e oa bet nullet gant ar polis ar manifestadegoù a-du gant Palestina&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-police-break-up-banned-pro-palestinian-rally/a-67104373 |title=Berlin police break up banned pro-Palestinian rally • Deutsche Welle, 16/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/police-in-berlin-ban-pro-palestinian-new-year-rally/a-67858991 |title=Police in Berlin ban pro-Palestinian New Year rally • Deutsche Welle, 30/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jamal, 2023 ; Sharma, 2023 ; Marsh, 2023 ; Schaer, 2023 ; Boffey, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;, ar pezh a lakae d'ur brouenn anat eus kenwallerezh ar Stad&lt;ref name=&quot;Obermaier 2023&quot; /&gt;. Reizh hervez lezenn en Alamagn eo tamall ur gouennlazh da Israel, hogen ur manifester da vihanañ a oa bet herzet gant ar polis&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/legal-pressures-mount-on-germany-to-cut-aid-to-israel/a-68790287 |title=Legal pressures mount on Germany to cut aid to Israel • DW, 30/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.fr.de/kultur/gesellschaft/gaza-und-das-grundgesetz-93373670.html |title=Gaza und das Grundgesetz (&quot;Gaza hag al lezenn-diazez&quot;) • Frankfurter Rundschau, 14/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar C'homiser kevreadel alaman karget da ober war-dro ar stourm ouzh an enepyuzevegezh en deus lavaret e oa enepyuzevour an tamalloù da Israel peogwir e kasent da ziaoulekaat ha da zireizhwiriañ ar Stad-se&lt;ref&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/antisemitismusbeauftragter-felix-klein-zu-israels-vorgehen-in-gaza-und-zur-staatsraeson-110495529.html |title=Antisemitismusbeauftragter Felix Klein zu Israels Vorgehen in Gaza und zur &quot;Staatsräson&quot; (&quot;Felix Klein, komiser an enepyuzevegezh, a gomz a-zivout oberoù Israel e Gzaz ha meiziad G&amp;nbsp;sigur a Stad&amp;nbsp;»&quot;) • Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 24/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{de}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.ndr.de/fernsehen/sendungen/panorama/archiv/2025/antisemitismus-hilft-leichtfertiger-umgang-bei-der-bekaempfung-manuskript,panoramamanuskript-118.html |title=Antisemitismus: Hilft leichtfertiger Umgang bei der Bekämpfung? (Manuskript) • NDR, 14/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz C'hwevrer 2024, alvokaded o komz en anv Palestiniz en Alamagn a savas prosez dirak ar Pennprokulor enep meur a bolitiker, Olaf Scholz en o zouez, en abeg m'o devoa &quot;skoazellet ha tommet ar gouennlazh e Gaza&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schaer 2024&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mem-2024-02-23&quot; /&gt;. D'ar 1{{añ}} a viz Meurzh 2024, Nicaragua a savas prosez en ICJ enep skoazell Alamagn da Israel e brezel Gaza, kement-se hervez Kendivizad 1948&lt;ref name=&quot;mee-2024-1-1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;van den Berg, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.
;• Italia
E miz Mae 2025 e oa Italia an trede pourvezer armoù da Israel gant 1% eus enporzhiadurioù dafar milourel ar Stad&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://unipd-centrodirittiumani.it/en/news/italys-quiet-role-in-arming-israel-amid-conflict |title=Italy's Quiet Role in Arming Israel Amid Conflict • Centro di Ateneo per i Diritti Umani, 26/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wezeman &amp; al., 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Daoust da c'houarnamant Italia lavaret e oa bet troc'het ar pourchas armoù da Israel, an embregerezh ''Leonardo'', unan eus an embregerezhioù brasañ e metoù an armoù, a gadarnaas edo c'hoazh ar gouarnamant hag an embregerezhioù oc'h ezporzhiañ armoù da Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{it}} {{Cite web|url=https://altreconomia.it/leonardo-ammette-lexport-di-armi-in-israele-e-fa-cadere-la-maschera-del-governo/ |title=Leonardo ammette l'export di armi in Israele e fa cadere la maschera del governo (&quot;Leonardo a anzav ezporzhiañ armoù da Israel hag a zivaskl ar gouarnamant&quot;) • Altreconomia, 01/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dirak ABU, Francesca Albanese a lakaas war-eeun Italia da genwallerezh e gouennlazh Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{it}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/esteri/25_ottobre_30/francesca-albanese-genocidio-bufera-4948dc1d-2d3f-4ccd-a5e2-7e74be19dxlk.shtml |title=Francesca Albanese, nuova bufera. In un report accusa l'Italia all'Onu: «Complice di genocidio» (&quot;F. Albanese, ur rendael nevez. En un danevell gant ABU e tamall «&amp;nbsp;kenwallerezh er gouennlazh&amp;nbsp;» da Italia&quot;) • Corriere della Sera, 31/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'ar 7 a viz Here 2025, Giorgia Meloni a lavaras er chadenn [[skinwel]] ''Radiotelevisione italiana'' (RAI) e oa bet-hi, a-gevret gant Maodiern an Difenn, hini an Aferioù Estren, ha rener ''Leonardo'', ditouret d'an ICC gant ur strollad a-du gant Palestiniz en abeg d'ur c'henwallerezh er gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/italy-pm-meloni-says-been-denounced-icc-complicity-genocide-2025-10-07/ |title=Italy's Meloni says she has been denounced to ICC for complicity in genocide • Reuters, 08/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1480226/meloni-says-accused-of-complicity-in-genocide-at-world-court.html |title=Meloni says accused of 'complicity in genocide' at world court • L'Orient Today, 08/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Egipt ===
Egipt zo bet tamallet dezhi bout lodek er gouennlazh abalamour m'he deus lakaet kaeladur Strizhenn Gaza e pleustr dre nac'hañ digeriñ an tremen tre e Rafah&lt;ref name=&quot;Mahmoud 2024&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://jacobin.com/2024/06/egypt-palestine-gaza-genocide-al-sisi |title=Why Egypt Is Complicit in the Genocide in Gaza • Jacobin, 20/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/icj-rule-egypt-end-complicity-israel-starving-gaza-will |title=After ICJ rule, will Egypt end its complicity with Israel starving Gaza? • Middle East Eye, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An hevelep tamall a voe en abeg m'he devoa Egipt moustret, diwar c'houlenn Israel, ar Gerzhadeg Vedel War-du Gaza e miz Even 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/trending/egypt-slammed-treatment-foreign-nationals-joining-global-march-gaza |title=Egypt slammed for its treatment of foreign nationals doing Global March for Gaza • Middle East Eye, 12/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Ebrel 2025, an aozadur dengar ''Cage International'' e London, a-gevret gant pemp aozadur all en Afrika, a lakaas klemm ouzh an ''African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights'' (&quot;Kengor Afrikat a-zivout Gwirioù Mab-den hag ar Pobloù&quot;, CADHP) en [[Addis Abeba]]&lt;ref&gt;Cage, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; : Egipt n'he deus ket gwir da gas tud war o c'hiz war he harzoù mard int lakaet war var o buhez pe e-tailh da vout kastizet a-stroll, rak kement-se a dorrfe ar C'henemglev etrebroadel a-zivout ar gwirioù trevourel ha politikel ([[1966]]) koulz ha Kendivizad ABU a-enep ar jahinerezh ([[1984]])&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://verfassungsblog.de/trapped-in-gaza/ |title=Trapped in Gaza • Verfassungsblog, 25/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/30/gaza-refugees-egypt-border-palestine/ |title=Egypt Is Obliged to Let Gaza Refugees In • ,Foreign Policy 30/04/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Egipt a lavaras he devoa klozet ar vevenn da Rafah evit sevel enep raktres Israel da zivroañ Palestiniz&lt;ref name=&quot;Mahmoud 2024&quot; /&gt;. Nac'hañ a reas ur c'hinnig gant Israel da zistreiñ Strizhenn Gaza da Egipt e-pad meur a vloavezh, betek 15 vloaz&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/17032025-why-egypt-refuses-to-administer-gaza-oped/ |title=Why Egypt Refuses To Administer Gaza – OpEd • Eurasia Review, 17/03/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, hag en un doare ofisiel e savas a-du gant prosez Suafrika a-enep Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240512-🔴-live-israel-steps-up-strikes-in-gaza-after-issuing-new-rafah-evacuation-order |title=Egypt to support South Africa's genocide case against Israel at ICJ • France 24|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Stadoù all ===
E miz Meurzh 2024, ar c'huzulva alvokaded aostralian ''Birchgrove Legal'' e [[Sydney]] a ditouras Pennmaodiern Aostralia, e Vaodiern an Aferioù Estren, penn an enebiezh ha tud all d'an ICC evel kenwallerien er gouennlazh, e torfedoù-brezel hag e torfedoù enep mab-den, kement-se en abeg ma oa bet dilamet arc'hant digant UNRWA, ma oa bet pourchaset ur skoazell vilourel ha roet ur skor politikel anat da oberoù Israel e brezel Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Wedesweiler 2024&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rothwell 2024&quot; /&gt;.

Hervez an aozadur ''Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives'' (CCPA), Kanada zo lodek er gouennlazh abalamour m'he deus aotreet ezporzhiañ dafar milourel da Israel evit kenderc'hel gant aotreoù kent, petra bennak m'he devoa disklêriet ne vije mui gwerzhet armoù ha ma n'he deus lakaet embargo klok ebet war an armoù, ar pezh a lez frailhoù evel treuzkasadennoù da Stadoù all&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.policyalternatives.ca/news-research/to-stop-gaza-genocide-canada-must-escalate-pressure-on-israel/ |title=To stop Gaza genocide, Canada must escalate pressure on Israel • CCPA, 30/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Gennad prevez ha media ===
Meur a embregerezh zo bet tamallet dezho tennañ splet eus ar gouennlazh e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;Albanese, 2025, pp. 1-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economy/gaza-war-profiteers-corporations/ |title=These Corporations Are the True &quot;Winners&quot; of the War on Gaza • The Nation, 09 July 2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Renerien an embregerezhioù ''General Dynamics'' ([[lestrsaverezh]], ''Lockheed Martin'' hag ''RTX Corporation'' ([[aerlestr]]erezh hag armoù o-daou) o deus lavaret e oa kresket o gounidoù a-drugarez d'ar brezel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/18/investing/premarket-stocks-trading/index.html |title=What the Israel-Hamas war means for defense stocks • CNN, 18/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://jacobin.com/2024/03/gaza-profits-bds-weapons-corporations/ |title=The Obscene US Profiteering From Israeli War and Occupation • Jacobin, 16/03/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Adalek miz Here 2023 betek miz Gouere 2025 e voe ur c'hresk a 77% war dalvoudegezh lodennoù RTX en eskemmdi New York&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} Mattei, Clara. ''Escape from Capitalism: An Intervention''. New York : Simon &amp; Schuster, 2026, p. 153 {{ISBN|978-1-6680-8514-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.

D'an 20 a viz Even 2024, arbennigourien en ABU a c'halvas da baouez diouzhtu gant an treuzkas dizehan armoù da Israel peogwir e c'hellfed terriñ lezennoù etrebroadel ha lakaat Stadoù hag embregerezhioù da gendorfedourien en ur gouennlazh ; embregerezhioù hag ensavadurioù a bost arc'hant en treuzkas-se a voe gouzavet ivezg&lt;ref&gt;OHCHR, 2024c.&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Even 2025, un danevell gant ABU a venegas ar c'hompagnunezhioù ''Alphabet Inc.'' (ez-[[Google]]), [[Amazon (embregerezh)|''Amazon'']], ''[[Microsoft]]'' hag ''International Business Machines Corporation'' (IBM) evel &quot;e-kreiz binvioù-evezhiañ Israel hag an distrujoù a zo war ober e Gaza&quot;, hag an embregerezh ''Palantir Technologies'' (meziantoù ditouriñ, polis ha surentez) evel mammenn ar binvioù [[naouegezh artifisiel|naouegezh kalvezadel]] a vez implijet gant Tsahal&lt;ref name=UN-corporate-report&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/lucrative-business-deals-help-sustain-israels-gaza-campaign-un-expert-says-2025-07-01/ |title='Lucrative' business deals help sustain Israel's Gaza campaign, UN expert says • Reuters, 01/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Meneget ivez eo ar bankoù ''Allianz'', ''Barclays'', ''BlackRock'' ha ''BNP Paribas'' peogwir o deus isskridet ha prenet endalc'hennoù digant gouarnamant Israel, ar pezh a zo andon bennañ da arc'hantaouiñ ar brezel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/07/01/british-companies-profiting-israeli-genocide-un-gaza-shamed/ |title=British companies named and shamed by UN for profiting from Israeli 'genocide' • The Daily Telegraph, 01/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Helenneien, kazetennerien, dielfennerien ar media hag alvokaded gwirioù mab-den a deus tamallet da veur a vedium bout kenwallerien dre o [[impalaerouriezh]]&lt;ref&gt;Moallem, 2023, pp. 542–543 ; Qutami, 2023, p. 532 ; Khouri, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/experts-say-western-media-enabling-gaza-genocide-and-rewriting-history |title=Western media enabling Gaza genocide and rewriting history, say experts • Middle East Eye, 29/06/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ur c'hazetenner [[brazil]]at a damallas da vedia en e vro bout savet a-du gant ar gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Beaklini, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;. Un dielfenner media a skrivas ne vije ket padet ar gouennlazh e Gaza hep skoazell dizehan digant ar media stadunanat&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} Johnson, Adam H. ''How to Sell a Genocide: The Media's Complicity in the Destruction of Gaza''. London : Pluto Press, 2026, pp. 1-7, 201-204 {{ISBN|978-0-7453-5165-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Anaoudegezh politikel ==
=== Gouarnamantoù ===
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:410px;&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Savboent ar Stadoù e-keñver anzavout&lt;br&gt;ez eus ur gouennlazh e Gaza (2024)
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|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[File:International recognition of Gaza genocide.svg|center]]
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|-
| {{Legend|#4cb149|A-du}} || {{Legend|#000|A-enep}} || {{Legend|#ff00b9|A-du gant ICJ}} || {{Legend|#00ffc0|Dispis}}
|}
Meur a Stad er C'hornôg (SUA, ar Rouantelezh-Unanet hag Alamagn pergen) o deus nac'het ober &quot;gouennlazh&quot; eus oberoù Israel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-says-genocide-charges-unfounded-rejects-israeli-claim-south-africa-serving-hamas/ |title=US says genocide charges 'unfounded,' rejects Israeli claim South Africa serving Hamas • The Times of Israel, 12/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/canadian-uk-leaders-reject-premise-of-icj-genocide-case-against-israel/ |title=Canadian, UK leaders reject premise of ICJ genocide case against Israel • The Times of Israel, 13/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/germany-rejects-un-genocide-charge-against-israel-6af01195 |title=Germany Rejects UN 'Genocide' Charge Against Israel • Barron's], 12/01/2024 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Belgia]], [[Norvegia]] ha Kanada o deus lavaret e c'hedfent ali an ICJ a-raok kemer disentez pe zisentez&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/23/why-has-belgium-vowed-to-back-the-icjs-verdict-on-gaza-genocide |title=Why has Belgium vowed to back the ICJ's verdict on Gaza 'genocide'? • Al Jazeera, 23/01/2024 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{no}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.utrop.no/nyheter/verden/358554/ |title=Barth Eide: Vi må lytte til Sør-Afrika (&quot;Barth Eide: Ret eo dimp selaou Sufrika&quot;) • Utrop, 02/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/israel-gaza-genocide-international-court-justice-hague-south-africa-1.7084682 |title=After days of confusion, Trudeau government says it will abide by ICJ on genocide case against Israel • CBC News, 16/01/2024 |accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ur strollad bras a Stadoù, er bed [[islam]]ek dreist-holl, an darn vrasañ eus Afrika, [[Amerika latin]] ha lod Stadoù en [[Europa (kevandir)|Europa]] a lavar didro ez eus ur gouennlazh eus oberoù Israel e Gaza ; lod zo savet a-du gant Suafrika er prosez dirak an ICJ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url-status=live |url=https://apnews.com/article/genocide-israel-palestinians-gaza-court-fbd7fe4af10b542a1a4e2c7563029bfb |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? • Associated Press, 13/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. En o zouez emañ [[Ghana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/re-israeli-ambassador-to-ghana-rejects-ablakwas-gaza-genocide-tag/ |title=Re: Israeli Ambassador to Ghana rejects Ablakwa's 'Gaza genocide' tag • MyJoyOnline, 04/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkia&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack |title=Netanyahu orders military to submit action plan for Rafah assault • Al Jazeera, 09/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Malaysia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/video/talk-to-al-jazeera/2024/5/19/malaysian-pm-cant-deny-us-complicity-in-gaza-genocide |title=Malaysian PM: Can't deny US complicity in Gaza genocide • Al Jazeera, 19/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Egipt&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/video/newsfeed/2025/8/5/president-of-egypt-accuses-israel-of-systematic |title=President of Egypt accuses Israel of 'systematic genocide' • Al Jazeera, 05/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;,  Brazil&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2023-10/president-lula-says-war-middle-east-genocide |title=President Lula says war in the Middle East is genocide • Agência Brasil, 25/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Chile]]&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/25/gabriel-boric-me-rebelo-ante-quienes-pretenden-que-elijamos-entre-el-terrorismo-de-hamas-y-el-genocidio-de-israel/ |title=Gabriel Boric: &quot;Me rebelo ante quienes pretenden que elijamos entre el terrorismo de Hamas y el genocidio de Israel&quot; • Infobae, 25/09/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Kolombia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/2/genocide-colombia-says-as-latin-american-states-condemn-israel-over-gaza |title='Genocide', Colombia says as Latin American states condemn Israel over Gaza • Al Jazeera, 02/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Spagn]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url-status=live |url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-israel-icj-genocide-case-67d4d9b8ecf6fd88e718319a5d93465a |title=Spain applies to join South Africa's case at top UN court accusing Israel of genocide • Associated Press, 06/06/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Iwerzhon&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/micheal-martin-ireland-irish-south-africa-gaza-b2643121.html |title=Irish parliament passes motion that Israel is 'perpetrating genocide in Gaza' • The Independent, 07/11/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ha [[Slovenia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://sloveniatimes.com/43569/president-calls-out-israel-for-genocide |title=President calls out Israel for genocide • Slovenia Times, 21/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. D'ar 7 a viz Du 2025, Turkia a embannas urzhioù herzel en abeg da c'houennlazh enep B. Netanyahou ha 36 eus e genlabourerien&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/07/turkey-issues-genocide-arrest-warrant-against-benjamin-netanyahu |title=Turkey issues genocide arrest warrant against Benjamin Netanyahu • The Guardian, 07/11/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Aozadur ar C'hevelerezh Islamek]] (OIC), [[Kevre ar Stadoù Arab]] hag [[Unaniezh Afrika]] o deus a-unvouezh lakaet oberoù Israel da c'houennlazh ha galvet evit ma vefe daskoret kontoù ha kemeret diarbennoù evel lakaat paouez gant an treuzkas armoù&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/islamic-cooperation-denounces-gaza-genocide-urges-sanctions-against-israel-c8c7ac87 |title=Islamic Cooperation Denounces Gaza 'Genocide', Urges Sanctions Against Israel • Barron's, 05/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/16/arab-islamic-countries-condemn-netanyahus-greater-israel-remark |title=Arab, Islamic countries condemn Netanyahu's 'Greater Israel' remark • Al Jazeera, 05/05/2024|accessdate=05/07/202621 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20240228/african-union-delivered-its-oral-statement-international-court-justice |title=The African Union Delivered its Oral Statement Before the International Court of Justice for the Palestine Advisory Opinion Proceedings • African Union, 28/02/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Maina, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Genver 2025, Strollad Den Haag (''Hague Group''&lt;ref&gt;{{ar}} {{pt}} {{en}} {{es}} {{fr}} [https://thehaguegroup.org/ lec'hienn ofisiel].&lt;/ref&gt;) em vodas e [[Bogotá]] e sell da lakaat da zoujañ d'an disentezioù etrebroadel a-zivout Gaza, lakaat termen d'an dereiñ armoù da Israel, ha sevel un hent evit ledanaat anavezadur Stad Palestina&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2025/jan/31/south-africa-and-malaysia-to-launch-campaign-to-protect-justice |title=South Africa and Malaysia to launch campaign to protect international justice • The Guardian, 31/01/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Aozadurioù e-maez gouarnamant hag aozadurioù etre gouarnamantel ===
Meur a AMG hag a aozadur etregouarnamantel o deus tamallet gouennlazhañ da Israel. E-touez ar re gentañ a sachas evezh e kreiz miz Here 2023 war ur gouennlazh galloudel edo ''Genocide Watch'' hag al ''Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-emergency-alert-israel-and-gaza |title=Genocide Emergency Alert: Israel and Gaza • Genocide Watch, 19/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/active-genocide-alert-1/active-genocide-alert---israel-palestine%3A-there-is-no-justification-for-genocide |title=Active Genocide Alert – Israel-Palestine: There is No Justification for Genocide • Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 13/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Meur a strollad dengar palestinat, evel ''Defence for Children International'' (DCI)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/1/israel-hamas-war-live-anger-grows-over-israeli-attack-on-gaza-refugee-camp?update=2455675 |title=Rights group accuses US of complicity in children's deaths in Gaza • Al Jazeera, 01/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''Al-Haq'', ''Al Mezan'' hag ar ''Palestinian Centre for Human Rights'', o deus savet prosezioù a-zivout ur gouennlazh&lt;ref name=&quot;sccoip&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/138509 |title=Scholars, civil society call on ICC Prosecutor to issue arrest warrants, investigate Israeli crimes in Gaza • Wafa, 21/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/9/three-rights-groups-file-icc-lawsuit-against-israel-over-gaza-genocide |title=ICC receives lawsuit over Israel's 'apartheid', 'genocide' in Gaza • Al Jazeera, 09/11/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.addameer.org/news/5172 |title=Reprint of the full letter and signatories • Addameer, 20/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Al-Haq &amp; al., 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;. Lod aozadurioù dengar israelat evel ''B'Tselem'' o deus embannet danevelloù ma reont &quot;gouennlazh&quot; eus taol-brezel Israel e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;Kottasová &amp; Salman&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/28/middleeast/israeli-human-rights-group-accuses-israel-genocide-gaza-intl |title=For first time, two leading Israeli human rights groups accuse Israel of genocide in Gaza  • CNN, 28/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.phr.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Genocide-in-Gaza-PHRI-English.pdf |title=Genocide in Gaza • Physicians for Human Rights–Israel, 28/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;B'Tselem, 2025, p. 87.&lt;/ref&gt;. E-mesk an aozadurioù etregouarnamantel hag o deus kondaonet Israel en abeg d'ar gouennlazh emañ an ''International Federation for Human Rights''&lt;ref name=&quot;FIDH 2023&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/the-unfolding-genocide-against-the-palestinians-must-stop-immediately |title=The unfolding genocide against the Palestinians must stop immediately • International Federation for Human Rights, 12/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor''&lt;ref name=&quot;MEE-2023-12-26&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide/ |title=Euro-Med submits findings on Israeli army executions in Gaza to ICC, UN, calling them 'genocide' • Middle East Monitor, 26/12/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''Amnesty International''&lt;ref name=&quot;AmnestyGenocideConclusion&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/04/world/amnesty-international-israel-genocide-gaza-intl/index.html |title=Amnesty International says there is 'sufficient evidence' to accuse Israel of genocide in Gaza • CNN, 05/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Amnesty International report, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;, an ''European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights''&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.ecchr.eu/en/press-release/gaza-and-the-matter-of-genocide/ |title=Gaza and the matter of genocide • European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, 10/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; hag ''Human Rights Watch''&lt;ref name=&quot;Berg2024&quot; /&gt;. E miz Here 2024, ''Oxfam'' ha 37 aozadur dengar all a ditouras n'edo ket Israel o toujañ da Gendivizad 1948 p'edo o &quot;tiverkañ Gaza an Norzh diouzh ar gartenn&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/urgent-joint-statement-northern-gaza-being-erased-global-leaders-must-act-now-end |title=Northern Gaza is being erased – global leaders must act now to end Israel's atrocities • Oxfam International, 15/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''Médecins Sans Frontières'' o deus kavet ivez emañ Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;Médecins Sans Frontières, 2024c, p. 5. ha 202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/monthly-forecast/2025-01/the-middle-east-including-the-palestinian-question-19.php |title=The Middle East, including the Palestinian Question • Security Council Report, 30/12/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar strollad stadunanat ''Jewish Voice for Peace'' en deus lavaret emañ Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org/2023/10/11/statement23-10-11/ |title=Jewish Voice for Peace calls on all people of conscience to stop imminent genocide • Jewish Voice for Peace, 11/10/2023|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/jewish-voice-for-peace-retools-to-focus-on-swaying-elections/ |title=Jewish Voice for Peace retools to focus on swaying elections • The Times of Israel, 01/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://time.com/7061772/jewish-voice-for-peace-oct-7-anniversary-essay/ |title=I Run Jewish Voice for Peace. These Are My Reflections on a Year of Unthinkable Horror • Time, 08/10/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Gwengolo 2025, ABU a embannas un danevell ma tezastume edo Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh enep Palestiniz e Gaza ; trawalc'h a elfennoù solius a gavas evit lavaret e oa bet pennadurezhioù Israel hag o nerzhioù surentez o seveniñ, hag edont c'hoazh o seveniñ, pevar ober gouennlazhañ diwar ar pemp a zo termenet e Kendivizad 1948 : lazhañ izili eus ar strollad, ober droug bras koulz fizikel ha speredel, gourlakaat a-ratozh aozioù bevañ a zo jedet evit distruj ar strollad a-zarn pe a-bezh, ha gourlakaat dafaroù e sell da virout a c'henel bugale&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCommissionGenocide&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/16/israel-committed-genocide-in-gaza-says-un-inquiry |title=Israel has committed genocide in Gaza, says UN commission of inquiry • The Guardian, 16/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Prezeg sevenadurel ==
Dael a vez er prezeg sevenadurel a-zivout gouennlazh Israel enep ar bobl balestinat. Tud vrudet, atletourien, kefredourien, difretourien, ensavadurioù sevenadurel ha tud voutin o deus lavaret o soñj a-zivout an darvoudoù e Gaza hag an heuliadoù koulz sevenadurel ha kevredigezhel a vez pa lakaer an darvoudoù-se d'ur gouennlazhañ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/opinion/gazas-genocide-has-forced-many-celebrities-out-silence |title=Gaza's genocide has forced many celebrities out of silence • The New Arab, 14/07/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Meno foran ===
Meur a sontadeg o deus diskouezet e sav ar braz eus Yuzevien Israel (82%) a-du gant politikerezh ar gouarnamant e-keñver Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;HaaretzTransferPoll&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-05-28/ty-article-magazine/.premium/yes-to-transfer-82-of-jewish-israelis-back-expelling-gazans/00000197-12a4-df22-a9d7-9ef6af930000 |title=Yes to transfer: 82% of Jewish Israelis back expelling Gazans • Haaretz, 28/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HaaretzFaminePoll&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-08-05/ty-article/.premium/large-majority-of-israeli-jews-untroubled-by-reports-of-famine-in-gaza-poll-finds/00000198-7ab3-d0ce-a5de-fbb374f30000 |title=Large majority of Israeli Jews untroubled by reports of famine in Gaza, poll finds • Haaretz, 05/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-783849 |title=Jewish, Arab Israelis disagree on IDF use of force in Gaza • The Jerusalem Post, 26/01/2024|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Eost 2025, ur sontadeg gant ''Accord Center'' a gavas e 76% eus Yuzevien Israel a-du evit lavaret &quot;n'eus den digablus ebet e Gaza&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/artc-poll-62-of-israelis-say-there-are-no-innocent-people-in-gaza |title=Poll: 62% of Israelis say &quot;there are no innocent people in Gaza&quot; • i24NEWS, 25/08/2025|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Mae 2025, un sontadeg a gavas 82% a dud a-du gant divroañ tud Gaza ha 56% ivez a-du gant skarzhañ Palestiniz eus Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;HaaretzTransferPoll&quot; /&gt; E miz Eost, ur sontadeg all a gavas 78% eus Yuzevien Israel na oant ket direnket gant an naonegezh e Gaza&lt;ref name=&quot;HaaretzFaminePoll&quot; /&gt;. Hervez al ''Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention'', &quot;an darn vrasañ eus Israeliz a sav a-du gant [...] raktres Israel hag hep mar ebet e skorint forzh petra evit ma vefe kaset da benn – adalek un ''apartheid'' d'un netraiñ&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/four-facts-about-israel%E2%80%99s-genocide |title=Four Facts about Israel's Genocide • Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 18/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Eost 2025 c'hoazh, ur sontadeg a gavas e krede da 50% eus ar vouezherien en SUA edo Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh e Gaza, ha 60% a save a-enep muioc'h a skoazell vilourel da Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/28/half-of-us-voters-believe-israel-committing-genocide-in-gaza-poll-says |title=Half of US voters believe Israel committing genocide in Gaza, poll says • Al Jazeera, 28/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E miz Gwengolo, ur sontadeg gant ''Associated Press'' hag an ''National Opinion Research Center'' (NORC) e skol-veur [[Chicago]] a gavas ur c'hresk en niver a Stadunaniz e soñje dezho e oa aet Israel &quot;re bell ganti&quot; en he oberoù milourel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/more-americans-feel-israel-has-gone-too-far-in-gaza-ap-norc-poll-shows |title=More Americans feel Israel has 'gone too far' in Gaza, AP-NORC poll shows • PBS News, 18/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E miz Here 2025, ur sontadeg gant ar gazetenn ''Washington Post'' a gavas e soñje d'ar braz eus ar Yuzevien stadunanat edo Israel o seveniñ torfedoù-brezel, ha 39% anezho a soñje edo o seveniñ ur gouennlazh&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/10/06/jewish-americans-israel-poll-gaza/ |title=Many American Jews sharply critical of Israel on Gaza, Post poll finds • The Washington Post, 04/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ur sontadeg gant ''Quinnipiac University'' a gavas 50% eus ar vouezherien stadunanat o soñjal edo Israel o seveniñ ur gouennlazh e Gaza, en o zouez 77% a [[Strollad Demokratel (Stadoù-Unanet)|zemokrated]], en enep da 64% a [[Strollad Republikan (Stadoù-Unanet)|republikaned]]. Ouzhpenn da se, 60% eus ar vouezhierien a save a-enep kas muioc'h a skoazell vilourel stadunanat da Israel, 37% o kenduiñ gant Palestiniz ha 36% gant Israeliz&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/28/half-of-us-voters-believe-israel-committing-genocide-in-gaza-poll-says |title=Half of US voters believe Israel committing genocide in Gaza, poll says • Al Jazeera, 28/08/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Skog ==
[[File:Palestine Rally End The Siege, Stop the War on Gaza (53264903858).jpg|thumb|Aduidi gant Palestiniz o vanifestiñ e [[Melbourne]], 15/10/2023.]]
Ar c'hevredadour breizhveurat Martin Shaw en deus graet &quot;ar gouennlazh hag a gemmas ar bed&quot; eus ar gouennlazh e Gaza abalamour d'an emluskañ a-yoc'h a zo bet dre ar bed a-enep an ober-se. Merket en deus ivez un nebeud gounidoù politikel gant Israel, hogen &quot;ker-ruz e-keñver he reizhwir er bed ha hini ar C'hornôg&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, 2025b, pp. 4, 14.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar c'hazetenner israelat Gideon Levy a skrivas ur pennad en ''Haaretz'' ma pouezas war ar fed ma ne c'hello biken tud Gaza ankouaat al lazhadegoù, ar bombezadegoù, an distrujoù hag an traoma&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2025-10-05/ty-article-opinion/.premium/do-cry-over-spilt-blood-generations-will-go-by-before-gaza-forgets-the-genocide/00000199-afd4-d5a6-afff-efdff5560000 |title=Do Cry Over Spilt Blood: Generations Will Go by Before Gaza Forgets the Genocide • Haaretz, 05/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Helennien, arbennigourien ha displegerien all o deus deskrivet ar gouennlazh evel &quot;bered ar gwir etrebroadel&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-09-01/unrwa-chief-gaza-is-becoming-the-graveyard-of-international-humanitarian-law.html |title=UNRWA chief: 'Gaza is becoming the graveyard of international humanitarian law' • El País, 01/09/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://verfassungsblog.de/in-the-graveyard-of-international-law/ |title=In the Graveyard of International Law • Verfassungsblog, 16/05/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/pyio/25/1/article-p3_1.xml |title=Is Gaza the Graveyard of International Law? • The Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online, 27/02/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lod helenneien, dreist-holl ar re a studi ar gwir etrebroadel a-fet an Trede-bed, o deus lavaret e oa bet gwallgaset an urzh hag ar gwir etrebroadel gant gouzañvadezh ar gumuniezh etrebroadel e-keñver lakaat oberoù Israel e Gaza d'ur gouennlazh, ha diskouezet e oa bet skorted ar gouarnerezh etrebroadel&lt;ref name=&quot;Baars 2024&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Barreto 2024&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Englert &amp; Bhattacharyya, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;. Da lavar an alvokad José Manuel Barreto, &quot;gouennlazh Palestiniz en deus diskuliet framm trevadennour don an urzh lezennel etrebroadel&quot;, hag eñ lakaat gouennlazh Gaza en ul listennad hir a c'houennlazhoù trevadennel a zo bet asantet mui-pe-vui gant ar reizhiad etrebroadel&lt;ref name=&quot;Barreto 2024&quot; /&gt;. Hervez an istorour stadunanat Mark LeVine, oberoù Israel o deus distrujet pep doujañs d'ar gwir etrebroadel ha gwanaet an ''tabou'' enep ar feulster a-yoc'h evel respont d'ur gourdrouz martezeet&lt;ref&gt;LeVine, 2025, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;.

An alvokad izelvroat ha kelenner war ar gwir etrebroadel André Nollkaemper en deus lavaret ez eo distaol ar gwir etrebroadel gant Stadoù-Unanet Amerika ur perzh unel d'ar brezel e Gaza&lt;ref&gt;{{nl}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/10/06/is-het-internationaal-recht-nog-relevant-na-gaza-we-gaan-een-donker-decennium-tegemoet-a4908607 |title=Is het internationaal recht nog relevant na 'Gaza'? 'We gaan een donker decennium tegemoet' (&quot;Ha perzhek eo ar gwir etrebroadel goude Gaza ? Emaomp o vont war-du un dekvloaziad teñval&quot;) • NRC, 06/10/2025|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Goude en devout aterset alvokaded liammet ouzh an US Army, ar c'hazetenner Colin Jones a zastumas e welont Gaza evel un taol-arnod da welet petore emzalc'h milourel a vije dereat mar bije brezel etre SUA hag ur galloud kevatal evel Sina&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones 2025&quot; /&gt;.

E-kerzh brezel Iran e 2026, Benjamin Netanyahou hag Itamar Ben-Gvir, anezhañ penn al luskad politikel ''Otzma Yehudit'' (&quot;Galloud Yuzev&quot;, tu dehou pellañ) a reas dave da Amalek, da lavaret eo enebour hêrezhel Israel hervez ar [[Bibl]] ([[Levr ar C'heneliezh|Gen 36:12]] ha [[Kentañ Levr an Danevelloù|Chr]] 1:36)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/israeli-minister-invokes-genocidal-amalek-call-amid-war-iran |title=Israeli minister invokes genocidal Amalek call amid war on Iran • Middle East Eye, 28/01/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Malekafzali&quot;&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/world/israel-iran-holy-war-amalek-haman/ |title=Israel Is Using Its Genocidal Gaza Playbook on Iran • The Nation, 06/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hervez ar c'hazetenner [[liban]]at Séamus Malekafzali, a zo un arbennigour war ar Reter-Kreiz, kement-se zo un astenn da &quot;reizhpoell gouennlazhañ&quot; Israel adalek Gaza betek Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;Malekafzali&quot; /&gt;. E ''The Guardian'' e miz Meurzh 2026, ar c'hazetenner breizhveurat Ben Reiff a c'houzavas : &quot;goude c'hwitadenn ar bed war mirout ouzh ur gouennlazh a c'hoarvezout e Gaza, Israel a implijo ur c'haderezh damheñvel er brezel emañ o kas e Liban&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/mar/18/israel-gaza-model-lebanon-international-reaction-sanctions |title=As Israel prepares to implement the 'Gaza model' in Lebanon, where is the international reaction? • The Guardian, 18/03/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ar gelennerez spagnat Sonia Boulos (gwirioù mab-den) hag an istorour israelat Raz Segal o deus skrivet e tiskouez brezel SUA hag Israel en Iran &quot;penaos emañ ar bed a-bezh gourdrouzet gant renoù gouennlazher&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://jacobin.com/2026/05/review-bartov-gaza-genocide-zionism |title=A Future Beyond Israeli Genocide in Palestine • Jacobin, 10/02/2026|accessdate=05/07/2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notennoù ==
{{Daveoù|bannoù=2}}


== Mammennoù ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''A'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Abdon Nahla. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07078552.2024.2325298 ''Israel's settler colonialism and the genocide in Gaza: Alternatives'' • Studies in Political Economy, 105:1, 2024, pp. 94–106].
* Abodahab, Ahmad Mokhtar ; Elsergany, AbdelAzim Nagdy. [https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_423789.html ''Children Disabilities, The Current and Upcoming Medical &amp; Humanity Catastrophe in Gaza: Review Article'' • The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, #99, 04/2025, pp. 1705–1710].
* Abraham, Yuval. [https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/ '''Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza'' • +972 Magazine, 03/04/2024].
* Aftab, Shiza ; Yaqoob, Eesha ; Khan, Shahzad Ali ; Javed, Saad.  [https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-31-2025/volume-31-issue-4/addressing-emergency-trauma-care-needs-in-the-gaza-strip.html ''Addressing emergency trauma care needs in the Gaza Strip'' • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 31:4, 04/2025, pp. 226–227].
* (Albanese, 2024a) Albanese, Francesca. [https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/046/11/pdf/g2404611.pdf ''Anatomy of a Genocide: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Francesca Albanese'' • United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, 25/03/2024].
* (Albanese, 2024b) Albanese, Francesca. [https://docs.un.org/en/A/79/384 ''Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Francesca Albanese: Genocide as colonial erasure'' • United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, 01/10/2024].
* Albanese, Francesca. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5923-economy-occupation-economy-genocide-report-special-rapporteur ''From economy of occupation to economy of genocide – Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967'' • United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories].
* (Al-Haq et al.,2023) Al-Haq, Al Mezan Center for Human Rights &amp; al. [https://www.addameer.org/sites/default/files/icc-letter-1697782247-pdf.pdf ''Urgent: Issue Arrest Warrants, Investigate Israeli Crimes and Intervene to Deter Incitement to Commit Genocide in Gaza'' • ''Addameer''] – [https://www.mezan.org/public/en/post/46295 ''Reprint of the full letter and signatories'' • Al Mezan Center for Human Rights].
* (Al Jazeera, 2024) Al Jazeera. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v1_SkF1-rDl0 ''Rashid Khalidi: This genocide 'worse than any phase of Palestinian history''' • Al Jazeera ''via'' YouTube].
* Al-Waheidi, Majd. [https://www.npr.org/2025/09/25/g-s1-89678/israel-gaza-genocide-debates-united-nations ''A question of intent: Is what's happening in Gaza genocide?'' • NPR, 25/09/2025].
* Ali, Soraya. [https://english.elpais.com/international/2024-04-20/gaza-hospitals-coin-wcnsf-acronym-wounded-child-no-surviving-family.html ''Gaza hospitals coin WCNSF acronym: Wounded child, no surviving family'' • El País, 20/04/2024].
* (Amnesty International, 2022) Amnesty International. [https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/MDE1551412022ENGLISH.pdf ''Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity''].
* (Amnesty International report, 2024) Amnesty International. [https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf ''«You Feel Like You Are Subhuman»: Israel's Genocide Against Palestinians In Gaza''].
* Antonio, Raymund. [https://mb.com.ph/2023/10/23/civilians-not-a-target-envoy-decries-genocide-tag-of-israel-hamas-war ''Civilians not a target: Envoy decries 'genocide' tag of Israel–Hamas war'' • Manila Bulletin, 23/10/2023].
* (Associated Press, 2023a) Associated Press. [https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-12-2-2023-f300e8dac70d5309bf5f5a75bace7689 ''Israeli offensive shifts to crowded southern Gaza, driving up death toll despite evacuation orders'', 02/12/2023].
* Ayyash, M. Muhannad. [https://ww.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/11/2/a-genocide-is-under-way-in-palestine# ''A genocide is under way in Palestine'' • Al Jazeera, 02/11/2023].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''B'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Bachman, Jeffrey S. ; Ruiz, Esther Brito. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2025.2556592 ''From East Timor to Gaza: How the United States Contributes to and Distances Itself from the Atrocities of Others (and How Genocide Studies Lets the United States Get Away with It)'' • Journal of Genocide Research, 18/09/2025, pp. 1–15].
* Baker, Graeme. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67401064  ''Israel Gaza: Hospitals caught on front line of war'' • BBC News, 13/11/2023].
* Barghouti, Mariam. [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/10/14/on-october-7-gaza-broke-out-of-prison ''On/10/7, Gaza broke out of prison'' • Al Jazeera, 14/10/2023].
* Bartov, Omer. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/10/opinion/israel-gaza-genocide-war.html ''Opinion: What I Believe as a Historian of Genocide'' • The New York Times, 10/11/2023].
* Basu, Brishti. [https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/hospitals-supplies-gaza-aid-ceasefire-1.7014512 ''Dwindling supplies, damaged hospitals in Gaza prompt growing calls for aid, ceasefire'' • CBC News, 01/11/2023].
* Bateman, Tom. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-68984999 ''US says Israel may have breached international law with American weapons in Gaza'' • BBC News, 11/05/2024].
* Bayoumi, Moustafa. [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2025/jul/06/destruction-of-palestine-is-breaking-the-world ''The destruction of Palestine is breaking the world • The Guardian, 06/07/2025].
* Beaklini, Bruno Lima Rocha. [http://institute.aljazeera.net/en/ajr/article/2393 '''War propaganda' – Brazil's media has abandoned journalistic standards over Gaza'' • Al Jazeera Media Institute, 25/10/2023].
* Berg, Stephanie van den. [https://www.reuters.com/world/nicaragua-files-case-world-court-against-germany-aiding-israel-2024-03-01/ ''Nicaragua files case at World Court against Germany for aiding Israel'' • Reuters, 01/03/2024].
* Bishara, Marwan. [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/10/12/israel-is-manufacturing-a-case-for-genocide ''Israel is manufacturing a case for genocide'' • Al Jazeera, 12/10/2023].
* Bloxham, Donald. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2025.2483546 ''The 7 October Atrocities and the Annihilation of Gaza: Causes and Responsibilities'' • Journal of Genocide Research, 03/04/2025].
* Boffey, Daniel. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/17/why-are-european-governments-clamping-down-right-to-protest ''Why are European governments clamping down on the right to protest?'' • The Guardian, 17/11/2023].
* Bouranova, Alene.  [https://www.bu.edu/articles/2024/is-israel-committing-genocide-in-gaza/ ''Is Israel Committing Genocide in Gaza? New Report from BU School of Law's International Human Rights Clinic Lays Out Case'' • Boston University, 06/06/2024].
* (B'Tselem, 2021) B'Tselem. [https://www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid ''A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This is apartheid'' • B'Tselem, 12/01/2021].
* B'Tselem. [https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/israel-not-fighting-against-hamas-against-civilians-implementing-criminal-policy-bombings-enarhe ''Israel is not fighting against Hamas but against civilians, implementing a criminal policy of bombings [EN/AR/HE]'' • Reliefweb, 06/12/2023].
* B'Tselem. [https://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files/publications/202507_our_genocide_eng.pdf ''Our Genocide'' • B'Tselem, 07/2025].
* Burga, Solcyré. [https://time.com/6334409/is-whats-happening-gaza-genocide-experts ''Is What's Happening in Gaza a Genocide? Experts Weigh In'' • Time, 13/11/2023].
* Buschek, Christo ; Christoph, Maria ; Kalisch, Muriel ; Kollig, Dajana ; Obermaier, Frederik ; Retter, Maria. {{de}} [https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/journalisten-in-gaza-arbeiten-in-der-todeszone-a-449a6940-b3ad-40ef-ab7a-d746c01ef0eb ''(S+) The Gaza Project: Sie berichten aus der Todeszone – viele kostet das ihr Leben'' (&quot;Danevelliñ a reont adalek «&amp;nbsp;takad ar marv&amp;nbsp;» – kalz anezho a goll o buhez&quot;) • Der Spiegel, 25/06/2024].
* Bybelezer, Charles. [https://www.jns.org/letter-from-netanyahu-to-idf-soldiers-fighting-hamas/ ''Netanyahu writes to IDF soldiers ahead of Shabbat'' • Jewish News Syndicate, 03/11/2023].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''C'''&lt;/div&gt;
* (Cage, 2025) Cage. [https://www.cage.ngo/articles/african-commission-urged-to-refer-egypt-to-court-for-complicity-in-gaza-blockade ''African Commission Urged to Refer Egypt to Court for Complicity in Gaza Blockade • Cage, 23/04/2025].
* (Casciani,2024a) Casciani, Dominic. [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3g9g63jl17o ''Israel-Gaza: What did the ICJ ruling really say?'' • BBC News, 16/05/2024].
* (Casciani,2024b) Casciani, Dominic. [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c722zv1r5yro ''Israel-Gaza: What does ICJ ruling on Israel's Rafah offensive mean?'' • BBC News, 28/05/2024].
* Chacar, Henriette. [https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-revises-death-toll-oct-7-hamas-attack-around-1200-2023-11-10/ ''Israel revises Hamas attack death toll to 'around 1,200''' • Reuters, 10/11/2023].
* (Clayton, 2024a) Clayton, Freddie. [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-icj-order-halt-rafah-offensive-what-next-rcna154102 ''Isolated Israel argues U.N. court ruling leaves door open to Rafah offensive'' • NBC News, 27/05/2024].
* Coghill, Arianna. [https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/01/south-africa-israel-amalek-netanyahu/ ''As It Formally Accuses Israel of Genocide, South Africa Condemns Netanyahu's Amalek Reference'' • Mother Jones, 11/01/2024].
* Cohen, Mari. [https://jewishcurrents.org/can-genocide-studies-survive-a-genocide-in-gaza ''Can Genocide Studies Survive a Genocide in Gaza?'' • Jewish Currents, 19/12/2024].
* Condon, Grace ; Condon, Frankie. [https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-is-never-justifiable-israel-and-hamas-in-gaza ''Genocide is Never Justifiable: Israel and Hamas in Gaza'' • Genocide Watch, 20/02/2024].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''D'''&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''E'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* Englert, Sai ; Bhattacharyya, Gargi. [https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/hlps.2024.0337 ''Capital's Genocide: A Conversation on Racial Capitalism, Settler Colonialism, and Possible Worlds after Gaza'' • Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 23:2, 01/10/2024, pp. 165–186].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''F'''&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''G'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* Goda, Norman ; Herf, Jeffrey.  [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/06/03/israel-gaza-genocide-allegations/ ''Why it's wrong to call Israel's war in Gaza a 'genocide''' • The Washington Post, 03/06/2025].
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* Gómez-Ugarte, Ana C. ; Chen, Irena ; Acosta, Enrique ; Basellini, Ugofilippo ; Alburez-Gutierrez, Diego. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12963-025-00422-9 ''Accounting for uncertainty in conflict mortality estimation: an application to the Gaza War in 2023-2024'' • Population Health Metrics, 23:55, pp. 1–15, 13/10/2025].
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* (Graham-Harrison, 2024b) Graham-Harrison, Emma. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/17/gaza-publishes-identities-of-34344-palestinians-killed-in-war-with-israel''Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel'' • The Guardian, 17/09/2024].
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* Gvaryahu, Avner. [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/myth-israels-moral-army |''The Myth of Israel's &quot;Moral Army&quot;: The Failure of the IDF's Targeting Protocols Is Producing Massive Civilian Casualties'' • Foreign Affairs, 04/03/2024].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''H'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* Hanbali, Layth ; Kwong, Edwin Jit Leung ; Neilson, Amy ; Smith, James ; Hafez, Sali ; Khoury, Rasha. [https://gh.bmj.com/content/9/2/e014942 ''Israeli necropolitics and the pursuit of health justice in Palestine'' • BMJ Global Health, 9:2, p. e014942, 02/2024].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''I'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* (International Federation for Human Rights, 2024) IFHR.  [https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/one-year-of-denouncing-the-genocide-of-palestinians-in-gaza ''One year of denouncing the genocide of Palestinians in Gaza • International Federation for Human Rights, 12/12/2024].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''J'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* Jones, Sam ; Fidler, Matt. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/18/who-are-hostages-taken-by-hamas-from-southern-israel ''Who are the hostages taken by Hamas from southern Israel?'' • The Guardian, 18/10/2023].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''K'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* (Kubovich, 2024b) Kubovich, Yaniv. [https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-03-31/ty-article-magazine/.premium/0000018e-9035-d9a4-a7bf-dc7d839e0000 עדויות: כך יורים חיילי צה&quot;ל על כל מי שנכנס ל&quot;שטחי ההשמדה&quot; ברצועת עזה («&amp;nbsp;Testenioù : setu penaos e tenn soudarded Tsahal war gement den a zeu tre en &quot;takadoù netraiñ&quot; e Strizhenn Gaza&amp;nbsp;» • Haaretz, 31/03/2024].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''L'''&lt;/div&gt;
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* Lawless, Jill. [https://apnews.com/article/uk-israel-allies-arm-sales-19430d222e6a2f61ffd264e9e494bf63 ''Senior UK jurists have joined calls to stop arms sales to Israel. Other allies face similar pressure • Associated Press, 12/07/2024].
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''M'''&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''T'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Tanielian, Melanie S.. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2024.2310866 ''The Silent Slow Killer of Famine: Humanitarian Management and Permanent Security'' • Journal of Genocide Research, Forum: Israel–Palestine: Atrocity Crimes and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 05/02/2024, pp. 1–9].
* Tantesh, Malak A. ; Graham-Harrison, Emma. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/15/gaza-death-toll-hits-40000-with-thousands-more-yet-to-be-counted ''Gaza rubble likely to conceal untold horrors to swell 40,000 death toll'' • The Guardian, 15/08/2024].
* Taub, Amanda. [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/30/world/europe/icj-israel-rafah-offensive-explained.html ''What the I.C.J. Ruling Actually Means for Israel's Offensive in Rafah'' • The New York Times, 30/05/2024].
* Tharoor, Ishaan. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/07/30/israel-genocide-gaza-scholars-historians ''Leading genocide scholars see a genocide happening in Gaza'' • The Washington Post, 30/07/2025].
* Thomas, Merlyn. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67764664 ''Israel Gaza: What Gaza's death toll says about the war'' • BBC News, 21/12/2023].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''U'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Üngör, Uğur Ümit. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2024.2309709 ''Screaming, Silence, and Mass Violence in Israel/Palestine'' • Journal of Genocide Research, Forum: Israel–Palestine: Atrocity Crimes and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 26/01/2024, pp. 1–9].
* (UNHCR, 2024) UNHCR. International human rights clinic, Boston University School of Law ; International human rights clinic, Cornell Law School ; Centre for human rights, University of Pretoria ; Lowenstein human rights project, Yale Law School. [https://www.humanrightsnetwork.org/s/Genocide-in-Gaza-Final-version-051524.pdf ''Genocide in Gaza: Analysis of international law and its application to Israel's military actions since October 7, 2023'' • University Network for Human Rights, 15/05/2024].
* (United Nations, 2014) United Nations. [https://www.un.org/ar/preventgenocide/adviser/pdf/osapg_analysis_framework.pdf ''Legal definition of genocide'' • United Nations, 2014].
* (United Nations in Palestine, 2024]) United Nations. [https://palestine.un.org/en/267691-10000-people-feared-buried-under-rubble-gaza ''10,000 people feared buried under the rubble in Gaza'' • United Nations in Palestine, 03/05/2024].
* (UN Commission of Inquiry report, 2025) United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel. [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session60/advance-version/a-hrc-60-crp-3.pdf  ''Legal analysis of the conduct of Israel in Gaza pursuant to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide'' • OHCHR, 16/09/2025].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''V'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Verdeja, Ernesto. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2025.2452707 ''The Gaza Genocide in Five Crises'' • Journal of Genocide Research, Forum: Israel-Palestine: Atrocity Crimes and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 20/01/2025, pp. 1–23].
* Vinograd, Cassandra ; Kershner, Isabel. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/israel-hostages-hamas-explained.html ''Hamas Took Scores of Hostages From Israel. Here's What We Know About Them.'' • The New York Times, 19/10/2023].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''W'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Wezeman, Pieter D. ; Djokic, Katarina ; George, Mathew ; Hussain, Zain ; Wezeman, Siemon T.. [https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/fs_2403_at_2023.pdf ''Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2023'' • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 03/2024].
* (Wintour, 2024a) Wintour, Patrick. [https://www.theguardian.com/global/article/2024/may/29/how-a-single-comma-is-allowing-israel-to-question-icj-rafah-ruling ''How a single comma is allowing Israel to question ICJ Rafah ruling'' • The Guardian, 29/05/2024].
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''Z'''&lt;/div&gt;
* Zakaria, Fareed. [https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2024/05/26/gps-0526-icc-charges-against-israel.cnn ''On GPS: The charges against Israel'' • CNN, 26/05/2024].
* Zeteo, Team ; Hasan, Mehdi. [https://zeteo.com/p/exclusive-you-have-been-warned-republican ''&quot;You Have Been Warned&quot;: Republican Senators Threaten the ICC Prosecutor over Possible Israel Arrest Warrants'' • zeteo, 06/05/2024].
&lt;/div&gt;
== Levrlennadur ==
* {{fr}} Achcar, Gilbert. ''Gaza, un génocide annoncé – Un tournant dans l'histoire mondiale''. Paris : SNEDIT La Dispute, 2025 {{ISBN|978-2-84303-345-2}}.
* {{en}} Bishara, Azmi. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep69958 ''Denying Genocide through Terminological Hairsplitting'' • Arab Center for Research &amp; Policy Studies, 20/03/2025].
* {{fr}} Boniface, Pascal. ''Permis de tuer – Gaza : génocide, négationnisme et hasbara''. Arles : Actes Sud, 2025 {{ISBN|978-2-330-20433-4}}.
* {{fr}} Bontemps, Véronique ; Latte Abdallah, Stéphanie (skridaozerezed). ''Gaza, une guerre coloniale''. Paris : Max Milo, 2025 {{ISBN|978-2-315-02437-7}}.
* {{fr}} Daher, Joseph. ''Gaza – Un génocide en cours''. Paris : Syllepse, 2025 {{ISBN|979-10-399-0280-9}}.
* {{en}} Davutoglu, Ahmet &amp; Falk, Riched (skridaozerien). ''Acting to End Genocide in Gaza – Voices of Conscience and Concern''. Atlanta : Clarity Press, 2024 {{ISBN|978-1-963892-02-4}}.
* {{fr}} Kepel, Gilles. ''Holocaustes. Israël, Gaza et la guerre contre l’Occident''. Paris : Plon, 2024 {{ISBN|978-2-259-31962-1}}.
* {{fr}} Levallois, Agnès (skridaozerez). ''Le livre noir de Gaza''. Paris : Seuil, 2024 {{ISBN|978-2-02-157180-6}}.
* {{fr}} Laribi, Meriem. ''Ci-gît l'humanité – Gaza, le génocide et les médias''. Paris : Éditions Critiques, 2025 {{ISBN|978-2-487232-04-4}}.
* {{en}} Shlaim, Avi. ''Genocide in Gaza: Israel, Hamas, and the Long War on Palestine''. Belfast : Irish Pages Press, 2024 {{ISBN|978-1-7390902-2-7}}.
* {{en}} Weizman, Eyal. [http://apjp.org/all-they-will-find-is-sand-th/2026/5/5/all-they-will-find-is-sand-eyal-weizman-on-the-demolition-of.html ''&quot;All they will find is sand: Eyal Weizman on the demolition of Gaza&quot;'' • The London Review of Books, 48:7, 23/04/2026, pp. 23–26].

== Liammoù diavaez ==
* {{en}} [https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1v/k1vpr1yczg ''UN panel discussion: 2023 War on Gaza: The Responsibility to Prevent Genocide'' • United Nations Web TV, 12/12/2023].

[[Rummad:Reter-Nesañ]]
[[Rummad:Palestina]]
[[Rummad:Israel]]
[[Rummad:Istor Gaza]]
[[Rummad:Aloubadeg Bandenn Gaza gant Israel]]
[[Rummad:Lazhadegoù]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kampionad Open stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180657</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194562</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:40:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Boulc'het.</comment>
      <origin>2194562</origin>
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      <text bytes="3281" sha1="skotw6ib5wt3uoykz21w1xygvabocdy" xml:space="preserve">'''Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)''' a zo kampionad echedoù miret evit ar maouezi e [[SUA]]. Aozet e vez abaoe 1937 gant USCF (United States Chess Federation, Kevre stadunanat an Echedoù.&lt;br/&gt;Setu roll ar c'hoarierezed bet gounezet gante ar c'hampionad. Etre krommelloù : niver a drec'hadennoù.
== Roll ar c'hampionezed==
*1937 [[Adele Rivero]]
*1938 [[Mona May Karff]]
*1940 [[Adele Rivero]] (2)
*1941 [[Mona May Karff]] (2)
*1942 [[Mona May Karff]] (3)
*1944 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]]
*1946 [[Mona May Karff]] (4)
*1948 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (2) – [[Mona May Karff]] (5)
*1951 [[Mary Bain]]
*1953 [[Mona May Karff]] (6)
*1955 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (3) – [[Nancy Roos]]
*1957 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (4) – [[Sonja Graf]]
*1959 [[Lisa Lane]]
*1962 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (5)
*1964 [[Sonja Graf]] (2)
*1965 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (6)
*1966 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (7) – [[Lisa Lane]] (2)
*1967 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (8)
*1969 [[Gisela Kahn Gresser]] (9)
*1972 [[Eva Aronson]] – [[Marilyn Braun]]{{en}} ''The 1972 Women's Championship'', Bob  Braine, Chess Life, pajenn 474 , Miz Eost 1972
*1974 [[Mona May Karff]] (7)
*1975 [[Diane Savereide]]
*1976 [[Diane Savereide]] (2)
*1978 [[Diane Savereide]] (3) – [[Rachel Crotto]]
*1979 [[Rachel Crotto]] (2)
*1981 [[Diane Savereide]] (4)
*1984 [[Diane Savereide]] (5)
*1986 [[Inna Izrailov]]
*1987 [[Anna Akhsharumova]]
*1989 [[Alexey Root]]
*1990 [[Elena Donaldson]]
*1991 [[Esther Epstein]] – [[Irina Levitina]]
*1992 [[Irina Levitina]] (2)
*1993 [[Elena Donaldson]] (2) – [[Irina Levitina]] (3)
*1994 [[Elena Donaldson]] (3)
*1995 [[Anjelina Belakovskaia]] – [[Sharon Burtman]]
*1996 [[Anjelina Belakovskaia]] (2)
*1997 [[Esther Epstein]] (2)
*1998 [[Irina Krush]]
*1999 [[Anjelina Belakovskaia]] (3)
*2000 [[Elina Groberman]] – [[Camilla Baginskaite]]
*2001/02 [[Jennifer Shahade]]
*2003 [[Anna Hahn (c'hoarierez echedoù)|Anna Hahn]]
*2004 [[Jennifer Shahade]] (2)
*2005 [[Rusudan Goletiani]]
*2006 [[Anna Zatonskih]]
*2007 [[Irina Krush]] (2)
*2008 [[Anna Zatonskih]] (2)
*2009 [[Anna Zatonskih]] (3)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[http://main.uschess.org/content/view/7498/522/ USCF]&lt;/ref&gt;
*2010 [[Irina Krush]] (3)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6530 Saint Louis: Irina Krush US Women's Champion 2010 – ChessBase, d an 20 a viz Gouhere 2010]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011 [[Anna Zatonskih]] (4)
* 2012 [[Irina Krush]] (4)
* 2013 [[Irina Krush]] (5)
* 2014 [[Irina Krush]] (6)
* 2015 [[Irina Krush]] (7)
* 2016 [[Nazí Paikidze]]
* 2017 [[Sabina-Francesca Foisor]]
* 2018 [[Nazí Paikidze]] (2)
* 2019 [[Jennifer Yu (chess player)|Jennifer Yu]]
* 2020 [[Irina Krush]] (8)
* 2021 [[Carissa Yip]]
* 2022 [[Jennifer Yu (c hoarierez echedoù)|Jennifer Yu]] (2)
* 2023 [[Carissa Yip]] (2)&lt;ref&gt;{{en}}[https://new.chess24.com/en/wall/news/carissa-yip-wins-2nd-us-women-s-championship-at-20 Carissa Yip wins 2nd US Women's Championship at 20 – Chess24, dan 18 a viz Here 2023]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024 [[Carissa Yip]] (3)
* 2025 [[Carissa Yip]] (4)&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}}[https://www.europe-echecs.com/art/u-s-chess-champs-2025-9605.html ''Fabiano Caruana et Carissa Yip conservent leur titre de Champion des États-Unis'', [[Europe-Echecs]], d'ar 25 a viz Here 2025]&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Rummad:Kampionadoù echedoù hervez ar vro|SUA]]</text>
      <sha1>skotw6ib5wt3uoykz21w1xygvabocdy</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2194563</id>
      <parentid>2194562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:43:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Riñset ar bajenn</comment>
      <origin>2194563</origin>
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    <revision>
      <id>2194564</id>
      <parentid>2194563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:46:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Dakbzh en deus kaset ar bajenn [[Kampionad stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)]] da [[Kampionad Open stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)]]</comment>
      <origin>2194563</origin>
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      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2194708</id>
      <parentid>2194564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:13:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dakbzh</username>
        <id>58931</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Boulc'het.</comment>
      <origin>2194708</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="159" sha1="adqmcf01jwm7jzwqsexawkhrk7f14sq" xml:space="preserve">'''Kampionad Open stadunanat an echedoù (Maouezi)''' a zo un tournamant ''Open'' [[echedoù]] bet krouet e 1934. Aozet e voe betek 1966. Adsavet e voe e 2009.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Timbroù Aljeria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180659</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2194716</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T09:47:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tanjee</username>
        <id>563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pajenn krouet gant : &quot; Ur stad dizalc’h eus hanternoz Afrika eo [[Aljeria]] (الجزاير pe ''El Djazaïr'' en arabeg), hag ul lodenn eus ur  vro vrasoc’h a vez anvet [[Maghreb]].  Poblet eo gant [[Arabed]] hag [[Amazighed]].  Kregiñ a reas e 1830 en un doare feulst politikerezh an trevadenniñ gant Bro-C’hall en Aljeria. Dre urzh gouarnamant [[Pariz]] e teuas ar vro da vezañ rannet e tri departamant gall, un aozadur a badas betek 1955.   En XXvet kantved e tiwanas tamm ha tamm...&quot;</comment>
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Ur stad dizalc’h eus hanternoz Afrika eo [[Aljeria]] (الجزاير pe ''El Djazaïr'' en arabeg), hag ul lodenn eus ur  vro vrasoc’h a vez anvet [[Maghreb]].  Poblet eo gant [[Arabed]] hag [[Amazighed]].

Kregiñ a reas e 1830 en un doare feulst politikerezh an trevadenniñ gant Bro-C’hall en Aljeria. Dre urzh gouarnamant [[Pariz]] e teuas ar vro da vezañ rannet e tri departamant gall, un aozadur a badas betek 1955. 

En XXvet kantved e tiwanas tamm ha tamm un emsav broadelour a glaske reiñ he frankiz en dro da bobl Aljeria. Goude ur brezel hirr a-enep Frañs (1954-1962) e voe embannet '''Republik Aljerian Demokratel ha Poblel''' e 1962.

== Diazezañ melestradurezh Bro-C’hall ==

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1924 - Colnect 192904 - Sower.jpeg|thumb|right|upright 0.7|Rummad Semeuse hep linennoù (1924)]]

N'eo ket bet gouest an enklaskerion da zizoloeiñ roudoù resis ar servij-postoù kentañ en Aljeria, met hervez an testennoù zo bet kavet e veze kaset lizhiri gant Europiz eus Aljer e 1690 dija. 

Diazezet e voe e 1830 ar servijoù-post kentañ gant melestradurezh milourel Bro-C'hall. An ti-post milourel savet e kêr Aljer a voe digoret d’an holl bratikoù (ez ofisiel) e 1835. Kachedet e veze al lizhiri gant siell an arme a-raok 1839 ha, da c’houde, ar sielloù a verke an deiziad hag anv ur gêr vras zo deuet boutin.

En em astenn a reas ar rouedad en diabarzh Aljeria ivez, ha 295 ti-post a yae en dro e 1880.

== Kachedoù ispisial ==

[[File:Lettre Alger 1871.png|thumb|left|upright 1.0|Lizher kaset eus Aljer (1871)]]

Eus 1848 da 1924 e veze sellet ouzh departamantoù Aljeria evel ouzh departamantoù all Frañs gant ar velestradurezh. Implijet e veze eno timbroù Frañs eta.

Ar reizhiad postel gall a oa e pleustr penn-da-benn, daoust ma oa kemmoù zo, evel m'eo diskouezet gant an doareoù da ober gant ar c’hachedoù postel :

*Kachedoù gant sifroù bihan
Kachedoù gant sifroù bihan a veze implijet gant burevioù-post bras Aljeria da gentañ : eus an niverenn 3710 en Aljer da 3739 e Tlemcen. Hogen a-feur ma veze digoret un ti-post nevez er c’hêrioù bihanoc’h e veze fiziet ennañ un niverenn e listenn daveoù Bro-C’hall.

*Kachedoù gant sifroù bras
Adalek 1862 e voe sentet ouzh reizhiad melestradurezh Bro-C'hall a c’houlenne ober gant kachedoù gant sifroù bras. Mod-se e voe dispartiet splann departamantoù Aljeria diouzh re an tiriad en Europa ha strollet e voent gant burevioù-post tramor all.

== An timbroù-post kentañ ==

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1924 - Colnect 192921 - Type Merson.jpeg|thumb|left|upright 1.0| Rummad Merson (1924)]]

E 1924 e voe moullet ar ger &quot;ALGÉRIE&quot; war an timbroù-post gall a ranke bezañ implijet e-barzh an tri departamant e su ar Mor Kreizdouarel. Un heuliad 32 dimbr a voe embannet e-korf daou vloaz :
*ar rummad Blanc : 1 santim (s), 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, hag un timbr 1 santim bet dreistmoullet gant ½s.  
* ar rummad [[Semeuse (rummad)|Semeuse]] hep linennoù : 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 25s, 30s, 35s, 40s, 1lur 05
* ar rummad Semeuse gant linennoù : 15s, 60s, 65s, 80s ha 85s.
* ar rummad [[Pasteur (rummad)|Pasteur]] : 10s, 15s, 30s, 45s, 50s ha 75s. 
*ar rummad [[Merson (1900-1927)|Merson]] : 40s, 45s, 1 lur, 2 lur , 3 lur ha 5 lur.

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1930 - Colnect 211183 - Djemila.jpeg|thumb|right|upright 0.7|Djemila (1930)]]

Buan awalc’h koulskoude (e 1926) e voe savet timbroù-post gant an alc’hwez '''ALGÉRIE'''. Diskouez a raent tresadennoù savadurioù ha gweledvaoù ar vro : straed e [[Kasbah]] [[Aljer]], [[moskeenn Sidi Abderahmane]], moskeenn ar besketaerien, hag ur gwell meur eus Mustapha Uhel (ur c'harter eus Aljer). Pemp timbr warn-ugent a voe embannet gant talvoudoù-gwerzh a save eus un hanter santim da 20 lur.

Er bloavezh 1930 eo e voe lidet kantved deiz-ha-bloaz an &quot;Aljeria c'hall&quot;, ha savet ur mell rummad timbroù-lidañ nevez evit brudañ an degouezh-mañ war un ton bras. Diskouez a rae an trizek timbr kêrioù bras ha savadurioù heverk : [[Oran]], [[Konstantin (Aljeria)| Konstantin]], porzh [[Aljer]], [[Tlemcen]], [[Tolga (Biskra)|Tolga]]… E-kreiz ar rummad e kaver tresadenn ''daou vrezelour [[touareg]]'' (didud). N’eus anv ebet eus an doare ma oa bet aloubet Aljeria gant nerzhioù Bro-C’hall avat (emgannoù, anvioù jeneraled an arme c’hall…).

Ar rummad timbroù-boutin kentañ, moullet e 1936, a voe heñvel an danvez anezhi : un [[oued]] e [[Bechar]] (''Colomb-Béchar'' gwechall), [[Ghardaïa]], moskeenn El-Kebir en Aljer…

== An [[Eil Brezel-bed]] ha [[Dieubidigezh Bro-C'hall]]  ==

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1943 - Colnect 211255 - Marechal Petain.jpeg|thumb|left|upright 0.5|Ar Marichal Petain (1943)]]

E 1940 e voe diskaret Republik Frañs ha goude an arsav-brezel e voe embannet an ''Etat Français'', ha lakaet en e benn ar [[Philippe Pétain|Marichal Petain]] ha ur gouarnamant a-du evit kenlabourat gant an [[Trede Reich]]. Dindan urzhioù ar gouarnamant-se e chomas melestradurezh Aljeria betek ma tilestras ar Gevredidi en Norzhafrika e miz Du 1942 ([[Oberiadur-brezel Torch]]).

Ar pennlizherennoù '''RF''' (berradur ‘’République Française’’) az eas diwar-wel eus an timbroù e 1941, ha dalc’het warno '''Postes Algérie''' a veze eus outañ a-raok, hepmuiken. Daou rummad timbroù a voe embannet gant skeudenn ar marichal Pétain, ar pezh a save a-enep reolenn ar postoù da chom hep skeudenniñ tudennoù e-pad o buhez.

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1942 - Colnect 192605 - Arms of Constantine.jpeg| thumb|right|upright 0.5|Skoed-ardamez Konstantin (1942)]]

E 1942-1943, ur rummad a ziskoueze skoed-ardamez un toullad kêrioù eus Aljeria a voe moullet pe en Aljeria, gant teknik al [[luc’hengravaur]], pe e Pariz gant an [[tipografiezh|dipografiezh]].

Adalek an 13 a viz Even 1943 e voe lakaet Aljeria dindan aotrouniezh nevez [[Poellgor Frañs an Dieubidigezh Broadel]] (e galleg : ''Comité français de la Libération nationale'').

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1943 - Colnect 211257 - Pour la victoire For victory.jpeg| thumb|left|upright 0.5| An trec’h (1943)]]

Evit embann en un doare splann ar cheñchamant renad (en Aljeria a-raok Bro-C’hall) ec'h embannas ar velestradurezh lec’hel ur c’houblad timbroù brogarour ha gwellwelaus anvet '''Un seul but : la victoire''' a ziskoueze banniel trivliv Frañs ha tresadenn ul lodenn eus an delwenn war voger [[Bolz-enor Pariz]].

E 1944 e voe embannet un heuliad timbroù-boutin nevez anvet « [[Marianne (skeudenn)|Marianne Aljer]] » gant an enskrivadur '''Postes Algérie République Française''' ha tresadenn ur c’hilhog o kanañ, hag a bep tu dezhañ al lizherennoù RF hag arouez [[Kroaz Loren]]. Lakaet e voent e gwerzh e Bro-C’hall ivez gant ma voe skrivet ul leadell all.

Meur a heuliad timbroù gall a voe dreistmoullet evit Aljeria e 1946 : Ceres (treset gant Mazelin), Marianne (tresadenn Gandon), ar rummadoù Iris ha « chadennoù torret » …

== Ar [[Pevare Republik c'hall]] ha [[Brezel Aljeria]] (1946-1962) ==

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1946 - Colnect 211308 - Soldat.jpeg| thumb|right|upright 1.0|Kengred gant Aljeria (1946)]]

Adal 1946 e voe embannet a-nevez timbroù ispisial evit poblañs Aljeria.

Dibabet e voe moullañ [[timbroù madoberus]] e 1946, dezho an enskrivadur '''Solidarité Algérienne''' (e galleg ''Kengred gant Aljeria''), ha c’hoazh e 1946. 

War an timbroù-se e oa tresoù skeudennek o tiskouez bugale o c'hoari war an douar ha krennarded, o selloù paret ouzh gouloù an neñv, en un doare relijiel ha sentus. An timbr diwezhañ a ziskoueze ur soudard war ur vag o sellout ouzh porzh Aljer, a-bell. Diaes eo pas soñjal ez oa aze un tamm rakskeudenn eus an arme c’hall e dibenn ar brezel da-zont, rediet da guitaat ur vro nevez dieubet...

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1954 - Colnect 211529 - Anciens Combattants - Veterans.jpeg|thumb|left|upright 0.6| Evit sikour ar  vrezelourien gozh (1954)]]

Tra ma'z eo klasel a-walc'h temoù meur a zimbr (ardamezioù kêr, produerezh al labour-douar, delwennoù, labourioù ar Groaz-Ruz, h.a.), e teuas tamm-ha-tamm bezañs an arme da vezañ hollvedel er filateliezh gall-aljerian : ar vrezelourien gozh (1954), oberoù sokial al Lejion (1950 ha 1954), kendalc'h an ofisourien distroet war o leve,  medalenn an arme (1952), poltred ar c'horonal [[Jean Colonna d'Ornano|Colonna d'Ornano]] hag ar marichaled [[Louis Franchet d'Espèrey|Franchet d'Espèrey]] ha [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque|Leclerc]] (1951 ha 1956), labourioù sokial an arme (1953 ha 1957)...

E deroù ar [[Pempvet Republik]] e fellas d'ar velestradurezh lakaat ar C’hallaoued  da zerc’hel soñj e oa departamantoù Aljeria ul lodenn eus Frañs, evel ar re all.

Embannet e voe e 1960 timbroù gall o skeudenniñ skoed-ardamez Oran hag Aljer (1230A ha 1232 e katalog [[Katalogoù timbroù|Yvert &amp; Tellier]]), traonienn [[Kherrata]] ha moskeenn Tlemcen (nn 1237 ha nn 1238 Y&amp;T), an daou dimbr diwezhañ asambles gant skeudenn [[kastell Felger]] ha pont-meur [[Chaumont (Haute-Marne)|Chaumont]]... E 1961 eo [[Medea]] a voe danvez unan eus ur rummad timbroù touristel.

Timbroù-boutin gall ''Marianne'' savet gant Muller a voe adembannet gant an alc’hwez &lt;small&gt;'''ALGÉRIE RF''' &lt;/small&gt; (15 lur e 1955  hag 20 lur e 1957).

E 1958 e paouezas ar velestradurezh gall da embann timbroù evit Aljeria.

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1957 - Colnect 211638 - Felouque.jpeg|

== Aljeria dieub ==
[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1962 - Colnect 596254 - Reaper.jpeg| thumb|left|upright 0.5|Rummad &quot;Ar vederez&quot;&quot; (1962)]]

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1962 - Colnect 837291 - Emblème National.jpeg| thumb|right|upright 0.7|Timbr kentañ ar republik (1962)]]

D'an 3 a viz Gouere 1962, tri miz goude [[Emglevioù Évian]], e voe embannet ent-ofisiel gant ar prezidant [[Charles de Gaulle|de Gaulle]] e oa anavezet Republik Aljeria.

Aljeria dizalc'h a grogas gant he frogram sevel timbroù d'an 2 a viz Gouere 1962, en ur implijout timbroù Aljeria dindan melestradurezh Bro-C’hall dreistmoullet gant '''EA''' (berradur ''Etat Algérien'', da lavaret eo Stad Aljeria). Disheñvel e veze an dreistmoulladurioù a-fed liv pe letrennoù an eil eus egile. Betek 31 a viz Here 1962 e voe graet gante a-raok bezañ erlec'hiet gant ur rummad pemp timbr kozh a ziskoueze gweledvaoù lec'hel (traonienn Kherrata, moskeenn Tlemcen, Hassi-Messaoud…) warno an alc’hwez '''REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE''' (= ''Republik Aljeria'') e galleg hag en arabeg (ar wech kentañ ma oa bet gwelet an arabeg war timbroù Aljeria).

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1963 - Colnect 325134 - Symbol of peace.jpeg|thumb|left|upright 0.8|Distro ar peoc'h (1963)]]

Estreget an timbr a vent vras a vrude an dizalc’hidigezh (kartenn Aljeria hag ar banniel broadel), an timbroù orin kentañ a voe savet e 1963. An eizh timbr-boutin bihan a ziskoueze banniel Aljeria, chadennoù torret hag ur c'houlm gant ur skourr gwez-olivez er pigoz.

[[File:Stamp of Algeria - 1974 - 20-Years-after-Revolution.jpg| thumb|right|upright 1.0|20vet deiz-ha-bloaz an dispac’h (1974)]]

Liesseurt eo danvez timbroù Aljeria, da skouer :

*Glad sevenadurel ar vro : an enlivadurioù, en engravadurioù war reier (1966), ar [[pallennerezh|bannellerezh]] (1968), ar gwiskamantoù hengounel, ar savadurioù …
*Loened ha plant ar vro
*An arzoù : livadurioù arzourien Aljeria
*An degouezhoù istorel : deiz-ha-bloaz an Dispac’h, deiz-ha-bloaz [[Lazhadegoù Setif, Guelma ha Kherrata]], milved deiz-ha-bloaz Aljer (1973) …
*Politikerezh ar renad : rummad ''al labour-douar, ar mekanikerezh, ar greanterezh hag adsavadur ar vro'' e 1964-65, dispac’h al labour-douar (1973), adensoc'hadur an dud dall (1976)…
*An aozadurioù etrebroadel : [[UNICEF]] (1971, [[UNESCO]] (1972), [[Aozadur ar Broioù a Ezporzh Petrol]] (1985)
*Ar c’hengred gant ar pobloù wasket : pobl Viet-Nam (1973), pobl Saharaoui ha republik Angola (1976), Palestiniz…
*H.a...


Adalek 1965 e krogas an [[dinar]] da vezañ moneiz broadel Aljeria.

Adalek 2018 e kemeras ar saozneg plas ar galleg war timbroù Aljeria.

==Pennad kar==
* [[Timbroù Bro-C’hall]]

==Liamm diavaez== 
*[https://www.algerie-philatelie.net Timbrawouriezh Aljeria]


[[Rummad:Timbroù hervez ar vro|Aljeria]]
[[Rummad:Istor Aljeria]]</text>
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